,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,)9 ,,y ,illu/ration3 titlepage ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,)9 ,,y ,,*ri/ianity ,,n ,,z ,a ,,my/ic ,,religion ,,b ,,z ,a ,,new ,,!ory ,,( ,,life ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,russian ,,( ,,c\nt ,,leo ,,tol/oy ,,by ,,con/ance ,,g>nett ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,cassell ,,publi%+ ,,co4 #ca ,,ea/ #ag,,? ,,/4 7,,union ,,squ>e7 ,,copyright1 #ahid1 ,,by ,,! ,,cassell ,,publi%+ ,,co4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,,! ,,m]%on ,,company ,,press1 ,,rahway1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,translator',s ,,preface4 ,! book ,i h _h ! privilege ( translat+ is1 und\bt$ly1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable /udies ( ! social & psy*ological condition ( ! mod]n _w :i* has appe>$ 9 ,europe = _m ye>s1 & its influ5ce is sure to be la/+ & f> rea*+4 ,tol/oy's g5ius is beyond dispute4 ,! v]dict ( ! civiliz$ _w has pron\nc$ him z p]haps ! greate/ noveli/ ( our g5]ation4 ,b ! philosophical & religi\s works ( 8 lat] ye>s h met ) a some:at indiff]5t reception4 ,!y h be5 mu* talk$ ab\t1 simply because !y 7 8 "w1 b1 z ,tol/oy himself compla9s1 !y h nev] be5 s]i\sly discuss$4 ,i h>dly ?9k t he w h to repeat ! compla9t 9 reg>d to ! pres5t volume4 ,"o may disagree ) 8 views1 b no "o c s]i\sly d5y ! orig9ality1 boldness1 & dep? ( ! social conception :i* he develops ) su* p[]ful logic4 ,! noveli/ has %[n 9 ?is book ! religi\s f]vor & spiritual insight ( ! prophet2 yet "o is pleas$ to recognize t ! arti/ is n :olly lo/ 9 ! ?9k]4 ,! subtle intuitive p]ception ( ! psy*ological basis ( ! social position1 ! analysis ( ! frame ( m9d ( oppressors & oppress$1 & ( ! intoxication ( ,au?ority & ,s]vility1 z well z ! purely descriptive passages 9 ! la/ *apt]--^! c\ld only h come f ! au?or ( ,w> & ,peace4 ,! book w surely give all classes ( read]s mu* to ?9k (1 & mu/ call =? mu* criticism4 ,x mu/ be refut$ by ^? :o disapprove ( its tea*+1 if !y d n want x to h great influ5ce4 ,"o _c ( c\rse anticipate t ,engli% p1 sl[ z !y are to be influ5c$ by ideas1 & in/9ctively di/ru/ful ( all t is logical1 w take a leap 9 ! d>k & attempt to put ,tol/oy's !ory ( life into practice4 ,b "o may at lea/ be sure t 8 de/ructive criticism ( ! pres5t social & political rgime w become a p[]ful =ce 9 ! "w ( dis9tegration & social recon/ruction :i* is go+ on ar\nd u4 ,_m e>ne/ ?9k]s :o1 l ,tol/oy1 are /ruggl+ to f9d _! way out ( ! contradictions ( our social ord] w hail him z _! spiritual guide4 ,! individuality ( ! au?or is felt 9 e l9e ( 8 "w1 & ev5 ! mo/ prejudic$ _c resi/ ! fasc9ation ( 8 g5u95ess1 s9c]ity1 & pr(\nd e>ne/ness4 ,:atev] comes f a he>t su* z 81 swell+ ) ang] & pity at ! suff]+s ( humanity1 _c fail to rea* ! he>ts ( o!rs4 ,no read] c put d[n ! book )\t feel+ himself bett] & m tru?-lov+ = hav+ read x4 ,_m read]s may be disappo9t$ ) ! op5+ *apt]s ( ! book4 ,tol/oy disda9s all attempt to captivate ! read]4 ,he beg9s by lay+ :at he consid]s to be ! logical f\ndation ( 8 doctr9es1 /r++ toge!r quotations f little-kn[n !ological writ]s1 & he keeps 8 own incisive logic = ! lat] "p ( ! book4 ,"o ^w z to ! translation4 ,tol/oy's /yle 9 8 religi\s & philosophical works diff]s consid]ably f t ( 8 novels4 ,he no long] c>es ab\t ! =m ( 8 "w1 & 8 /yle is (t5 slip%od1 involv$1 & diffuse4 ,x has be5 my aim to give a fai?ful reproduction ( ! orig9al4 ,,con/ance ,,g>nett4 ,janu>y1 #ahid4 ,,preface4 ,9 ! ye> #ahhd ,i wrote a book "u ! title ,:at ,i ,believe1 9 :i* ,i did 9 fact make a s9c]e /atem5t ( my beliefs4 ,9 affirm+ my belief 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+1 ,i c\ld n help expla9+ :y ,i d n believe1 & consid] z mi/ak51 ! ,*ur*'s doctr9e1 :i* is usually call$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,among ! _m po9ts 9 :i* ?is doctr9e falls %ort ( ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ ,i po9t$ out z ! pr9cipal "o ! abs5ce ( any comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce4 ,! p]v]sion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ by ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* is m cle>ly app>5t 9 ?is ?an 9 any o!r po9t ( diff]5ce4 ,i "k--z we all d--v little ( ! practice & ! spok5 & writt5 doctr9e ( =m] times on ! subject ( non-resi/ance to evil4 ,i knew :at _h be5 said on ! subject by ! fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*--,orig51 ,t]tullian1 & o!rs--,i knew too ( ! exi/5ce ( "s s-call$ sects ( ,m5nonites1 ,h]rnhut]s1 & ,quak]s1 :o d n all[ a ,*ri/ian ! use ( weapons1 & d n ent] milit>y s]vice2 b ,i knew little ( :at _h be5 done by ^! s-call$ sects t[>d exp\nd+ ! "q4 ,my book 01 z ,i _h anticipat$1 suppress$ by ! ,russian c5sor%ip2 b p>tly ow+ to my lit]>y reputation1 p>tly because ! book _h excit$ p's curiosity1 x circulat$ 9 manuscript & 9 li?ograph$ copies 9 ,russia & ?r\gh translations abroad1 & x evok$1 on "o side1 f ^? :o %>$ my convictions1 a s]ies ( essays ) a great deal ( in=mation on ! subject1 on ! o!r side a s]ies ( criticisms on ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 my book4 ,a great deal 0 made cle> to me by bo? ho/ile & sympa!tic criticism1 & also by ! hi/orical ev5ts ( late ye>s2 & ,i 0 l$ to fre% results & conclusions1 :i* ,i wi% n[ to exp\nd4 ,fir/ ,i w speak ( ! in=mation ,i receiv$ on ! hi/ory ( ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil2 !n ( ! views ( ?is "q ma9ta9$ by spiritual critics1 t is1 by pr(ess$ believ]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & also by temporal ones1 t is1 ^? :o d n pr(ess ! ,*ri/ian religion2 & la/ly ,i w speak ( ! conclusions to :i* ,i h be5 br\ght by all ?is 9 ! light ( ! hi/orical ev5ts ( late ye>s4 ,l4 ,,tol/oy4 ,,yasna,a ,,poliana1 ,may #ad_/bf1 #ahic4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,non-,,resi/ance ,,to ,,evil ,,by ,,=ce ,,has ,,be5 ,,pr(ess$ ,,by ,a ,,m9ority ,,( ,,m5 ,,f ,,! ,,v ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,*ri/ianity1 #a ,,ii4 ,,criticisms ,,( ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,non-,,resi/ance ,,to ,,evil ,,by ,,=ce ,,on ,,! ,,"p ,,( ,,believ]s ,,& ,,( ,,unbeliev]s1 #bi ,,iii4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,misund]/ood ,,by ,,believ]s1 #dh ,,iv4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,misund]/ood ,,by ,,m5 ,,( ,,sci5ce1 #he ,v4 ,,contradiction ,,betwe5 ,,our ,,life ,,& ,,our ,,*ri/ian ,,consci5ce1 #aji ,,vi4 ,,attitude ,,( ,,m5 ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day ,,to ,,w>1 #acc ,,vii4 ,,significance ,,( ,,compulsory ,,s]vice1 #afd ,,viii4 ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,non-,,resi/ance ,,to ,,evil ,,by ,,=ce ,,mu/ ,,inevitably ,,be ,,accept$ ,,by ,,m5 ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day1 #ahd ,,ix4 ,,! ,,acceptance ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,conception ,,( ,,life ,,w ,,emancipate ,,m5 ,,f ,,! ,,mis]ies ,,( ,,our ,,pagan ,,life1 #bjh ,x4 ,,evil ,,_c ,,be ,,suppress$ ,,by ,,! ,,physical ,,=ce ,,( ,,! ,,gov]nm5t--,,! ,,moral ,,progress ,,( ,,humanity ,,is ,,br\ght ,,ab\t ,,n ,,only ,,by ,,individual ,,recognition ,,( ,,! ,,tru?1 ,,b ,,also ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,a ,,public ,,op9ion1 #bce ,,xi4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,conception ,,( ,,life ,,has ,,already ,,aris5 ,,9 ,,our ,,society1 ,,& ,,w ,,infallibly ,,put ,,an ,,end ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,organization ,,( ,,our ,,life ,,bas$ ,,on ,,=ce--,,:5 ,,t ,,w ,,be1 #bfd ,,xii4 ,,conclusion--,,rep5t ,,ye1 ,,= ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,heav5 ,,is ,,at ,,h&1 #bgh ,ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free4--,,john viii4 #cb4 ,fe> n !m :i* kill ! body1 b are n able to kill ! s\l2 b r fe> him :i* is able to de/roy bo? s\l & body 9 hell4--,,matt4 x4 #bh4 ,ye h be5 b\ght ) a price2 be n ye ! s]vants ( m54--#a ,,cor4 vii4 #bc4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,)9 ,,y4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,non-,,resi/ance ,,to ,,evil ,,by ,,=ce ,,has ,,be5 ,,pr(ess$ ,,by ,a ,,m9ority ,,( ,,m5 ,,f ,,! ,,v ,,f\ndation ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4 ,( ! ,book ,:at ,i ,believe--,! ,correspond5ce ,evok$ by x--,lett]s f ,quak]s--,g>rison's ,decl>ation--,ad9 ,ball\1 8 ,works1 8 ,cate*ism--,hel*itsky's ,net ( ,fai?--,! ,attitude ( ! ,_w to ,works ,elucidat+ ,*ri/'s ,tea*+--,dymond's ,book ,on ,w>--,muss]'s ,non-resi/ance ,ass]t$--,attitude ( ! ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahah to ,m5 :o ,refus$ to ,s]ve 9 ! ,army--,ho/ile ,attitude ( ,gov]nm5ts ,g5]ally & ( ,lib]als to ,^? :o ,refuse to ,assi/ 9 ,acts ( ,/ate ,viol5ce1 & _! ,consci\s ,ef=ts to ,sil5ce & ,suppress ^! ,manife/ations ( ,*ri/ian ,non-resi/ance4 ,among ! fir/ responses call$ =? by my book 7 "s lett]s f ,am]ican ,quak]s4 ,9 ^! lett]s1 express+ _! sympa?y ) my views on ! unlawfulness = a ,*ri/ian ( w> & ! use ( =ce ( any k9d1 ! ,quak]s gave me details ( _! own s-call$ sect1 :i* = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s has actually pr(ess$ ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ on non-resi/ance to evil by =ce1 & does n make use ( weapons 9 self-def5se4 ,! ,quak]s s5t me also _! pamphlets1 j\rnals1 & books1 f :i* ,i le>nt h[ !y _h1 ye>s ago1 e/abli%$ beyond d\bt ! duty = a ,*ri/ian ( fulfill+ ! comm& ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce1 & _h expos$ ! error ( ! ,*ur*'s tea*+ 9 all[+ w> & capital puni%m5t4 ,9 a :ole s]ies ( argum5ts & texts %[+ t w>--t is1 ! w\nd+ & kill+ ( m5--is inconsi/5t ) a religion f\nd$ on peace & good w t[>d m51 ! ,quak]s ma9ta9 & prove t no?+ has contribut$ s mu* to ! obscur+ ( ,*ri/ian tru? 9 ! eyes ( ! hea!n1 & has h9d]$ s mu* ! diffusion ( ,*ri/ianity ?r\gh ! _w1 z ! disreg>d ( ?is comm& by m5 call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians1 & ! p]mission ( w> & viol5ce to ,*ri/ians4 ,*ri/'s tea*+1 :i* came to be kn[n to m51 n by means ( viol5ce & ! sword1 !y say1 b by means ( non-resi/ance to evil1 g5tl5ess1 meekness1 & peaceabl5ess1 c only be diffus$ ?r\gh ! _w by ! example ( peace1 h>mony1 & love among its foll[]s4 ,a ,*ri/ian1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,god himself1 c act only peaceably t[>d all m51 & !re=e !re c be no au?ority able to =ce ! ,*ri/ian to act 9 opposition to ! tea*+ ( ,god & to ! pr9cipal virtue ( ! ,*ri/ian 9 8 relation ) 8 neighbors4 ,! law ( /ate necessity1 !y say1 c =ce only ^? to *ange ! law ( ,god :o1 = ! sake ( e>?ly ga9s1 try to reconcile ! irreconcilable2 b = a ,*ri/ian :o s9c]ely believes t foll[+ ,*ri/'s tea*+ w give him salvation1 su* consid]ations ( /ate c h no =ce4 ,fur!r acqua9tance ) ! labors ( ! ,quak]s & _! works--) ,fox1 ,p5n1 & especially ! "w ( ,dymond 7publi%$ 9 #ahbg7--%[$ me n only t ! impossibility ( reconcil+ ,*ri/ianity ) =ce & w> _h be5 recogniz$ long1 long ago1 b t ?is irreconcilability _h be5 long ago prov$ s cle>ly & s indubitably t "o c\ld only wond] h[ ?is impossible reconciliation ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ ) ! use ( =ce1 :i* has be51 & is /ill1 prea*$ 9 ! *ur*es1 c\ld h be5 ma9ta9$ 9 spite ( x4 ,9 addition to :at ,i le>n$ f ! ,quak]s ,i receiv$ ab\t ! same "t1 also f ,am]ica1 "s in=mation on ! subject f a s\rce p]fectly di/9ct & previ\sly unkn[n to me4 ,! son ( ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison1 ! fam\s *ampion ( ! emancipation ( ! negroes1 wrote to me t he _h read my book1 9 :i* he f\nd ideas simil> to ^? express$ by 8 fa!r 9 ! ye> #ahch1 & t1 ?9k+ x w\ld be int]e/+ to me to "k ?is1 he s5t me a decl>ation or proclamation ( non-resi/ance drawn up by 8 fa!r ne>ly fifty ye>s ago4 ,?is decl>ation came ab\t "u ! foll[+ circum/ances3 ,william ,lloyd ,g>rison took "p 9 a discussion on ! means ( suppress+ w> 9 ! ,society = ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,peace among ,m51 :i* exi/$ 9 #ahch 9 ,am]ica4 ,he came to ! conclusion t ! e/abli%m5t ( univ]sal peace c only be f\nd$ on ! op5 pr(ession ( ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil by viol5ce 7,matt4 v4 #ci71 9 its full significance1 z und]/ood by ! ,quak]s1 ) :om ,g>rison happ5$ to be on fri5dly relations4 ,hav+ come to ?is conclusion1 ,g>rison !reupon compos$ & laid be=e ! society a decl>ation1 :i* 0 sign$ at ! "t--9 #ahch--;by _m memb]s4 ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,s5tim5ts ,,adopt$ ,,by ,,! ,,peace ,,conv5tion4 ,,bo/on1 #ahch4 ,we1 ! und]sign$1 reg>d x z due to ourselves1 to ! cause :i* we love1 to ! c\ntry 9 :i* we live1 to publi% a decl>ation expressive ( ! purposes we aim to accompli% & ! measures we %all adopt to c>ry =w>d ! "w ( peaceful univ]sal re=mation4 ,we d n ackn[l$ge allegiance to any human gov]nm5t4 ,we recognize b "o ,k+ & ,lawgiv]1 "o ,judge & ,rul] ( mank9d4 ,our c\ntry is ! _w1 our c\ntrym5 are all mank9d4 ,we love ! l& ( our nativity only z we love all o!r l&s4 ,! int]e/s & rights ( ,am]ican citiz5s are n de>] to u ?an ^? ( ! :ole human race4 ,h5ce we c all[ no appeal to patriotism to rev5ge any national insult or injury4444 ,we conceive t a nation has no "r to def5d itself aga9/ =eign enemies or to puni% its invad]s1 & no individual possesses t "r 9 8 own case1 & ! unit _c be ( great] importance ?an ! aggregate4 ,if soldi]s ?rong+ f abroad ) int5t to commit rap9e & de/roy life may n be resi/$ by ! p or ! magi/racy1 !n ought no resi/ance to be (f]$ to dome/ic tr\bl]s ( ! public peace or ( private security4 ,! dogma t all ! gov]nm5ts ( ! _w are approv+ly orda9$ ( ,god1 & t ! p[]s t be 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,russia1 9 ,turkey1 are 9 accordance ) 8 w1 is no less absurd ?an impi\s4 ,x makes ! imp>tial ,au?or ( our exi/5ce unequal & tyrannical4 ,x _c be affirm$ t ! p[]s t be 9 any nation are actuat$ by ! _s or guid$ by ! example ( ,*ri/ 9 ! treatm5t ( enemies2 !re=e !y _c be agreeable to ! w ( ,god1 & !re=e _! ov]?r[ by a spiritual reg5]ation ( _! subjects is inevitable4 ,we reg>d z un*ri/ian & unlawful n only all w>s1 :e!r (f5sive or def5sive1 b all prep>ations = w>2 e naval %ip1 e ars5al1 e =tification1 we reg>d z un*ri/ian & unlawful2 ! exi/5ce ( any k9d ( /&+ army1 all milit>y *iefta9s1 all monum5ts commemorative ( victory ov] a fall5 foe1 all trophies won 9 battle1 all celebrations 9 honor ( milit>y exploits1 all appropriations = def5se by arms2 we reg>d z un*ri/ian & unlawful e edict ( gov]nm5t requir+ ( its subjects milit>y s]vice4 ,h5ce we deem x unlawful to be> arms1 & we _c hold any (fice :i* imposes on its incumb5t ! obligation to compel m5 to d "r on pa9 ( imprisonm5t or dea?4 ,we !re=e volunt>ily exclude ourselves f e legislative & judicial body1 & repudiate all human politics1 worldly honors1 & /ations ( au?ority4 ,if we _c occupy a seat 9 ! legislature or on ! b5*1 nei!r c we elect o!rs to act z our sub/itutes 9 any su* capacity4 ,x foll[s t we _c sue any man at law to =ce him to return any?+ he may h wrongly tak5 f u2 if he has seiz$ our coat1 we %all surr5d] him our cloak also r ?an subject him to puni%m5t4 ,we believe t ! p5al code ( ! old cov5ant--an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?--has be5 abrogat$ by ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t "u ! new cov5ant ! =giv5ess in/ead ( ! puni%m5t ( enemies has be5 enjo9$ on all 8 disciples 9 all cases :atsoev]4 ,to extort money f enemies1 ca/ !m into prison1 exile or execute !m1 is obvi\sly n to =give b to take retribution4 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d is cr[d$ ) evid5ces prov+ t physical co]cion is n adapt$ to moral reg5]ation1 & t ! s9ful dispositions ( m5 c be subdu$ only by love2 t evil c be ext]m9at$ only by good2 t x is n safe to rely ^u ! /r5g? ( an arm to pres]ve u f h>m2 t !re is great security 9 be+ g5tle1 long-suff]+1 & abundant 9 m]cy2 t x is only ! meek :o %all inh]it ! e>?2 = ^? :o take up ! sword %all p]i% by ! sword4 ,h5ce z a measure ( s\nd policy--( safety to prop]ty1 life1 & lib]ty--( public quietude & private enjoym5t--z well z on ! gr\nd ( allegiance to ,him :o is ,k+ ( k+s & ,"l ( lords1 we cordially adopt ! non-resi/ance pr9ciple1 be+ confid5t t x provides = all possible consequ5ces1 is arm$ ) omnipot5t p[]1 & mu/ ultimately triumph ov] e assail+ =ce4 ,we advocate no ,jacob9ical doctr9es4 ,! _s ( ,jacob9ism is ! _s ( retaliation1 viol5ce1 & murd]4 ,x nei!r fe>s ,god nor reg>ds man4 ,we w\ld be fill$ ) ! _s ( ,*ri/4 ,if we abide by our fundam5tal pr9ciple ( n oppos+ evil by evil we _c p>ticipate 9 s$ition1 treason1 or viol5ce4 ,we %all submit to e ord9ance & e requirem5t ( gov]nm5t1 except su* z are contr>y to ! comm&s ( ! ,gospel1 & 9 no case resi/ ! op]ation ( law1 except by meekly submitt+ to ! p5alty ( disob$i5ce4 ,b :ile we %all adh]e to ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance & passive submission to enemies1 we purpose1 9 a moral & spiritual s5se1 to assail iniquity 9 high places & 9 l[ places1 to apply our pr9ciples to all exi/+ evil1 political1 legal1 & ecclesia/ical in/itutions1 & to ha/5 ! "t :5 ! k+doms ( ?is _w w h become ! k+dom ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x appe>s to u a self-evid5t tru? t :atev] ! ,gospel is design$ to de/roy at any p]iod ( ! _w1 be+ contr>y to x1 ought n[ to be ab&on$4 ,if1 !n1 ! "t is pr$ict$ :5 swords %all be beat5 into pl[%>es & spe>s into prun+ hooks1 & m5 %all n le>n ! art ( w> any m1 x foll[s t all :o manufacture1 sell1 or wield ^! deadly weapons d ?us array !mselves aga9/ ! peaceful dom9ion ( ! ,son ( ,god on e>?4 ,hav+ ?us /at$ our pr9ciples1 we proce$ to specify ! measures we propose to adopt 9 c>ry+ our object into effect4 ,we expect to prevail ?r\gh ! ,fooli%ness ( ,prea*+4 ,we %all endeavor to promulgate our views among all p]sons1 to :atev] nation1 sect1 or grade ( society !y may belong4 ,h5ce we %all organize public lectures1 circulate tracts & publications1 =m societies1 & petition e gov]n+ body4 ,x w be our lead+ object to devise ways & means = effect+ a radical *ange 9 ! views1 feel+s1 & practices ( society respect+ ! s9fulness ( w> & ! treatm5t ( enemies4 ,9 ent]+ ^u ! great "w be=e u1 we are n unm9dful t 9 its prosecution we may be call$ to te/ our s9c]ity ev5 z 9 a fi]y ordeal4 ,x may subject u to insult1 outrage1 suff]+1 yea1 ev5 dea? itself4 ,we anticipate no small am\nt ( misconception1 misrepres5tation1 & calumny4 ,tumults may arise aga9/ u4 ,! pr\d & ph>isaical1 ! ambiti\s & tyrannical1 pr9cipalities & p[]s1 may comb9e to cru% u4 ,s !y treat$ ! ,messiah ^: example we are humbly /riv+ to imitate4 ,we %all n be afraid ( _! t]ror4 ,our confid5ce is 9 ! ,"l ,almighty & n 9 man4 ,hav+ )drawn f human protection1 :at c su/a9 u b t fai? :i* ov]comes ! _w8 ,we %all n ?9k x /range conc]n+ ! fi]y trial :i* is to try u1 b rejoice inasmu* z we are p>tak]s ( ,*ri/'s suff]+s4 ,:]e=e we commit ! keep+ ( our s\ls to ,god4 ,= e "o t =sakes h\ses1 or bre?r51 or si/]s1 or fa!r1 or "m1 or wife1 or *ildr51 or l&s = ,*ri/'s sake1 %all receive a hundr$fold1 & %all inh]it ev]la/+ life4 ,firmly rely+ ^u ! c]ta9 & univ]sal triumph ( ! s5tim5ts conta9$ 9 ?is decl>ation1 h[ev] =midable may be ! opposition array$ aga9/ !m1 we h]eby affix our signatures to x2 comm5d+ x to ! reason & consci5ce ( mank9d1 & resolv+1 9 ! /r5g? ( ! ,"l ,god1 to calmly & meekly abide ! issue4 ,imm$iately aft] ?is decl>ation a ,society = ,non-resi/ance 0 f\nd$ by ,g>rison1 & a j\rnal call$ ! ,non-resi/ant1 9 :i* ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance 0 advocat$ 9 its full significance & 9 all its consequ5ces1 z x _h be5 exp\nd$ 9 ! decl>ation4 ,fur!r in=mation z to ! ultimate de/9y ( ! society & ! j\rnal ,i ga9$ f ! excell5t biography ( ,w4 ,l4 ,g>rison1 ! "w ( 8 son4 ,! society & ! j\rnal did n exi/ = long4 ,! great] numb] ( ,g>rison's fell[-work]s 9 ! movem5t = ! lib]ation ( ! slaves1 fe>+ t ! too radical programme ( ! j\rnal1 ! ,non-resi/ant1 might keep p away f ! practical "w ( negro-emancipation1 gave up ! pr(ession ( ! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance z x _h be5 express$ 9 ! decl>ation1 & bo? society & j\rnal ceas$ to exi/4 ,?is decl>ation ( ,g>rison's gave s p[]ful & eloqu5t an expression ( a confession ( fai? ( su* importance to m51 t "o w\ld h ?\ght x mu/ h produc$ a /rong impression on p1 & h become kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w & ! subject ( discussion on e side4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d occurr$4 ,n only 0 x unkn[n 9 ,europe1 ev5 ! ,am]icans1 :o h su* a high op9ion ( ,g>rison1 h>dly knew ( ! decl>ation4 ,ano!r *ampion ( non-resi/ance has be5 ov]look$ 9 ! same way--! ,am]ican ,ad9 ,ball\1 :o lately di$1 aft] sp5d+ fifty ye>s 9 prea*+ ?is doctr9e4 ,h[ great ! ignorance is ( ev]y?+ relat+ to ! "q ( non-resi/ance may be se5 f ! fact t ,g>rison ! son1 :o has writt5 an excell5t biography ( 8 fa!r 9 f\r great volumes1 9 answ] to my inquiry :e!r !re are exi/+ n[ societies = non-resi/ance1 & adh]5ts ( ! doctr9e1 told me t z f> z he knew t society _h brok5 up1 & t !re 7 no adh]5ts ( t doctr9e1 :ile at ! v "t :5 he 0 writ+ to me !re 0 liv+1 at ,hop$ale 9 ,massa*usetts1 ,ad9 ,ball\1 :o _h tak5 "p 9 ! labors ( ,g>rison ! fa!r1 & _h devot$ fifty ye>s ( 8 life to advocat+1 bo? orally & 9 pr9t1 ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance4 ,lat] on ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,wilson1 a pupil & colleague ( ,ball\'s1 & ent]$ into correspond5ce ) ,ball\ himself4 ,i wrote to ,ball\1 & he answ]$ me & s5t me 8 works4 ,"h is ! summ>y ( "s extracts f !m3 ,jesus ,*ri/ is my ,"l & tea*]1 says ,ball\ 9 "o ( 8 essays expos+ ! inconsi/5cy ( ,*ri/ians :o all[$ a "r ( self-def5se & ( w>f>e4 ,i h promis$1 leav+ all else1 to foll[ him1 ?r\gh good & ?r\gh evil1 to dea? itself4 ,b ,i am a citiz5 ( ! democratic republic ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 9 allegiance to x ,i h sworn to def5d ! ,con/itution ( my c\ntry1 if ne$ be1 ) my life4 ,*ri/ requires ( me to d unto o!rs z ,i w\ld !y %\ld d unto me4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates requires ( me to d unto two millions ( slaves at t "t !re 7 slaves2 n[ "o might v5ture to sub/itute ! ^w 'labor]s' ! v opposite ( :at ,i w\ld !y %\ld d unto me--t is1 to help to keep !m 9 _! pres5t condition ( slav]y4 ,&1 9 spite ( ?is1 ,i cont9ue to elect or be elect$1 ,i propose to vote1 ,i am ev5 ready to be appo9t$ to any (fice "u gov]nm5t4 ,t w n h9d] me f be+ a ,*ri/ian4 ,i %all /ill pr(ess ,*ri/ianity1 & %all f9d no difficulty 9 c>ry+ out my cov5ant ) ,*ri/ & ) ! gov]nm5t4 ,jesus ,*ri/ =bids me to resi/ evil do]s1 & to take f !m an eye = an eye1 a too? = a too?1 blood%$ = blood%$1 & life = life4 ,my gov]nm5t dem&s f me q ! opposite1 & bases a sy/em ( self-def5se on gall[s1 musket1 & sword1 to be us$ aga9/ its =eign & dome/ic foes4 ,& ! l& is fill$ accord+ly ) gibbets1 prisons1 ars5als1 %ips ( w>1 & soldi]s4 ,9 ! ma9t5ance & use ( ^! exp5sive appliances = murd]1 we c v suitably ex]cise to ! full ! virtues ( =giv5ess to ^? :o injure u1 love t[>d our enemies1 bless+s to ^? :o curse u1 & do+ good to ^? :o hate u4 ,= ?is we h a succession ( ,*ri/ian prie/s to pray = u & besee* ! bless+ ( ,heav5 on ! holy "w ( slaught]4 ,i see all ?is 7i4 e41 ! contradiction betwe5 pr(ession & practice71 & ,i cont9ue to pr(ess religion & take "p 9 gov]nm5t1 & pride myself on be+ at ! same "t a dev\t ,*ri/ian & a devot$ s]vant ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,i d n want to agree ) ^! s5seless notions ( non-resi/ance4 ,i _c r5\nce my au?ority & leave only immoral m5 9 control ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,con/itution says ! gov]nm5t has ! "r to decl>e w>1 & ,i ass5t to ?is & support x1 & swe> t ,i w support x4 ,& ,i d n = t cease to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,w>1 too1 is a ,*ri/ian duty4 ,is x n a ,*ri/ian duty to kill hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( "o's fell[-m51 to outrage wom51 to raze & burn t[ns1 & to practice e possible cruelty8 ,x is "t to dismiss all ^! false s5tim5talities4 ,x is ! true/ means ( =giv+ injuries & lov+ enemies4 ,if we only d x 9 ! _s ( love1 no?+ c be m ,*ri/ian ?an su* murd]4 ,9 ano!r pamphlet1 entitl$ ,h[ _m ,m5 are ,necess>y to ,*ange a ,crime into a ,virtue8 he says3 ,"o man may n kill4 ,if he kills a fell[-creature1 he is a murd]]4 ,if two1 t51 a hundr$ m5 d s1 !y1 too1 are murd]]s4 ,b a gov]nm5t or a nation may kill z _m m5 z x *ooses1 & t w n be murd]1 b a great & noble action4 ,only ga!r ! p toge!r on a l>ge scale1 & a battle ( t5 ?\s& m5 becomes an innoc5t action4 ,b precisely h[ _m p mu/ !re be to make x s8--t is ! "q4 ,"o man _c plund] & pillage1 b a :ole nation c4 ,b precisely h[ _m are ne$$ to make x p]missible8 ,:y is x t "o man1 t51 a hundr$1 may n break ! law ( ,god1 b a great numb] may8 ,& "h is a v]sion ( ,ball\'s cate*ism compos$ = 8 flock3 ,,cate*ism ,,( ,,non-,,resi/ance4 ,q4 ,:5ce is ! ^w non-resi/ance d]iv$8 ,a4 ,f ! comm&1 ,resi/ n evil4 7,m4 v4 #ci47 ,q4 ,:at does ?is ^w express8 ,a4 ,x expresses a l(ty ,*ri/ian virtue enjo9$ on u by ,*ri/4 ,q4 ,ought ! ^w non-resi/ance to be tak5 9 its wide/ s5se--t is to say1 z int5d+ t we %\ld n (f] any resi/ance ( any k9d to evil8 ,a4 ,no2 x ought to be tak5 9 ! exact s5se ( our ,savi\r's tea*+--t is1 n repay+ evil = evil4 ,we ought to oppose evil by e righte\s means 9 our p[]1 b n by evil4 ,q4 ,:at is !re to %[ t ,*ri/ enjo9$ non-resi/ance 9 t s5se8 ,a4 ,x is %[n by ! words he utt]$ at ! same "t4 ,he said3 ,ye h he>d1 x 0 said ( old1 ,an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?4 ,b ,i say unto y ,resi/ n evil4 ,b if "o smites !e on ! "r *eek1 turn him ! o!r also2 & if "o w g to law ) !e to take ?y coat f !e1 give him ?y cloak also4 ,q4 ,( :om 0 he speak+ 9 ! words1 ,ye h he>d x 0 said ( old8 ,a4 ,( ! patri>*s & ! prophets1 conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* ! ,hebrews ord9>ily call ! ,law & ! ,prophets4 ,q4 ,:at utt]ances did ,*ri/ ref] to 9 ! words1 ,x 0 said ( old8 ,a4 ,! utt]ances ( ,noah1 ,moses1 & ! o!r prophets1 9 :i* !y admit ! "r ( do+ bodily h>m to ^? :o inflict h>m1 s z to puni% & prev5t evil de$s4 ,q4 ,quote su* utt]ances4 ,a4 ,:oso %$de? man's blood1 by man %all 8 blood be %$4--,,g54 ix4 #f4 ,he t smite? a man1 s t he die1 %all be surely put to dea?4444 ,& if any mis*ief foll[1 !n ?\ %alt give life = life1 eye = eye1 too? = too?1 h& = h&1 foot = foot1 burn+ = burn+1 w\nd = w\nd1 /ripe = /ripe4--,,ex4 xxi4 #ab & #bc-be4 ,he t kille? any man %all surely be put to dea?4 ,& if a man cause a blemi% 9 8 neighbor1 z he ha? done1 s %all x be done unto him3 brea* = brea*1 eye = eye1 too? = too?4--,,lev4 xxiv4 #ag1 #ai1 #bj4 ,!n ! judges %all make dilig5t inquisition2 & behold1 if ! witness be a false witness1 & ha? te/ifi$ falsely aga9/ 8 bro!r1 !n %all ye d unto him z he _h ?\ght to h done unto 8 bro!r4444 ,& ?9e eye %all n pity2 b life %all g = life1 eye = eye1 too? = too?1 h& = h&1 foot = foot4--,,deut4 xix4 #ah1 #ba4 ,noah1 ,moses1 & ! ,prophets taught t he :o kills1 maims1 or injures 8 neighbors does evil4 ,to resi/ su* evil1 & to prev5t x1 ! evil do] mu/ be puni%$ ) dea?1 or maim+1 or "s physical injury4 ,wrong mu/ be oppos$ by wrong1 murd] by murd]1 injury by injury1 evil by evil4 ,?us taught ,noah1 ,moses1 & ! ,prophets4 ,b ,*ri/ rejects all ?is4 ,i say unto y1 is writt5 9 ! ,gospel1 resi/ n evil1 d n oppose injury ) injury1 b r be> repeat$ injury f ! evil do]4 ,:at 0 p]mitt$ is =bidd54 ,:5 we und]/& :at k9d ( resi/ance !y taught1 we "k exactly :at resi/ance ,*ri/ =bade4 ,q4 ,!n ! anci5ts all[$ ! resi/ance ( injury by injury8 ,a4 ,yes4 ,b ,jesus =bids x4 ,! ,*ri/ian has 9 no case ! "r to put to dea? 8 neighbor :o has done him evil1 or to d him injury 9 return4 ,q4 ,may he kill or maim him 9 self-def5se8 ,a4 ,no4 ,q4 ,may he g ) a compla9t to ! judge t he :o has wrong$ him may be puni%$8 ,a4 ,no4 ,:at he does ?r\gh o!rs1 he is 9 reality do+ himself4 ,q4 ,c he fight 9 conflict ) =eign enemies or di/urb]s ( ! peace8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,he _c take any "p 9 w> or 9 prep>ations = w>4 ,he _c make use ( a deadly weapon4 ,he _c oppose injury to injury1 :e!r he is alone or ) o!rs1 ei!r 9 p]son or ?r\gh o!r p4 ,q4 ,c he volunt>ily vote or furni% soldi]s = ! gov]nm5t8 ,a4 ,he c d no?+ ( t k9d if he wi%es to be fai?ful to ,*ri/'s law4 ,q4 ,c he volunt>ily give money to aid a gov]nm5t re/+ on milit>y =ce1 capital puni%m5t1 & viol5ce 9 g5]al8 ,a4 ,no1 unless ! money is de/9$ = "s special object1 "r 9 itself1 & good bo? 9 aim & means4 ,q4 ,c he pay taxes to su* a gov]nm5t8 ,a4 ,no2 he ought n volunt>ily to pay taxes1 b he ought n to resi/ ! collect+ ( taxes4 ,a tax is levi$ by ! gov]nm5t1 & is exact$ indep5d5tly ( ! w ( ! subject4 ,x is impossible to resi/ x )\t hav+ rec\rse to viol5ce ( "s k9d4 ,s9ce ! ,*ri/ian _c employ viol5ce1 he is oblig$ to (f] 8 prop]ty at once to ! loss by viol5ce inflict$ on x by ! au?orities4 ,q4 ,c a ,*ri/ian give a vote at elections1 or take "p 9 gov]nm5t or law bus9ess8 ,a4 ,no2 p>ticipation 9 election1 gov]nm5t1 or law bus9ess is p>ticipation 9 gov]nm5t by =ce4 ,q4 ,:]e9 lies ! *ief significance ( ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance8 ,a4 ,9 ! fact t x alone all[s ( ! possibility ( eradicat+ evil f "o's own he>t1 & also f "o's neighbor's4 ,?is doctr9e =bids do+ t :]eby evil has endur$ = ages & multipli$ 9 ! _w4 ,he :o attacks ano!r & injures him1 k9dles 9 ! o!r a feel+ ( hatr$1 ! root ( e evil4 ,to injure ano!r because he has injur$ u1 ev5 ) ! aim ( ov]com+ evil1 is d\bl+ ! h>m = him & = oneself2 x is begett+1 or at lea/ sett+ free & incit+1 t evil _s :i* we %\ld wi% to drive out4 ,satan c nev] be driv5 out by ,satan4 ,error c nev] be correct$ by error1 & evil _c be vanqui%$ by evil4 ,true non-resi/ance is ! only real resi/ance to evil4 ,x is cru%+ ! s]p5t's head4 ,x de/roys & 9 ! end extirpates ! evil feel+4 ,q4 ,b if t is ! true mean+ ( ! rule ( non-resi/ance1 c x always be put into practice8 ,a4 ,x c be put into practice l e virtue enjo9$ by ! law ( ,god4 ,a virtue _c be practic$ 9 all circum/ances )\t self-sacrifice1 privation1 suff]+1 & 9 extreme cases loss ( life itself4 ,b he :o e/eems life m ?an fulfill+ ! w ( ,god is already dead to ! only true life4 ,try+ to save 8 life he loses x4 ,besides1 g5]ally speak+1 :]e non-resi/ance co/s ! sacrifice ( a s+le life or ( "s mat]ial welf>e1 resi/ance co/s a ?\s& su* sacrifices4 ,non-resi/ance is ,salvation2 ,resi/ance is ,ru94 ,x is incomp>ably less dang]\s to act ju/ly ?an unju/ly1 to submit to injuries ?an to resi/ !m ) viol5ce1 less dang]\s ev5 9 "o's relations to ! pres5t life4 ,if all m5 refus$ to resi/ evil by evil our _w w\ld be happy4 ,q4 ,b s long z only a few act ?us1 :at w happ5 to !m8 ,a4 ,if only "o man act$ ?us1 & all ! re/ agre$ to crucify him1 w\ld x n be nobl] = him to die 9 ! glory ( non-resi/+ love1 pray+ = 8 enemies1 ?an to live to we> ! cr[n ( ,cs> /a9$ ) ! blood ( ! sla98 ,h[ev]1 "o man1 or a ?\s& m51 firmly resolv$ n to oppose evil by evil are f> m free f dang] by viol5ce ?an ^? :o resort to viol5ce1 :e!r among civiliz$ or savage neighbors4 ,! robb]1 ! murd]]1 & ! *eat w leave !m 9 peace1 soon] ?an ^? :o oppose !m ) arms1 & ^? :o take up ! sword %all p]i% by ! sword1 b ^? :o seek aft] peace1 & behave k9dly & h>mlessly1 =giv+ & =gett+ injuries1 = ! mo/ "p enjoy peace1 or1 if !y die1 !y die bless$4 ,9 ?is way1 if all kept ! ord9ance ( non-resi/ance1 !re w\ld obvi\sly be no evil nor crime4 ,if ! majority act$ ?us !y w\ld e/abli% ! rule ( love & good w ev5 ov] evil do]s1 nev] oppos+ evil ) evil1 & nev] resort+ to =ce4 ,if !re 7 a mod]ately l>ge m9ority ( su* m51 !y w\ld ex]cise su* a salut>y moral influ5ce on society t e cruel puni%m5t w\ld be aboli%$1 & viol5ce & feud w\ld be replac$ by peace & love4 ,ev5 if !re 7 only a small m9ority ( !m1 !y w\ld r>ely exp]i5ce any?+ worse ?an ! _w's contempt1 & meantime ! _w1 ?\gh unconsci\s ( x1 & n grateful = x1 w\ld be cont9ually becom+ wis] & bett] = _! unse5 action on x4 ,& if 9 ! wor/ case "s memb]s ( ! m9ority 7 p]secut$ to dea?1 9 dy+ = ! tru? !y w\ld h left beh9d !m _! doctr9e1 sanctifi$ by ! blood ( _! m>tyrdom4 ,peace1 !n1 to all :o seek peace1 & may ov]rul+ love be ! imp]i%able h]itage ( e s\l :o obeys will+ly ,*ri/'s ^w1 ,resi/ n evil4 ,,ad9 ,,ball\4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= fifty ye>s ,ball\ wrote & publi%$ books deal+ pr9cipally ) ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce4 ,9 ^! works1 :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! cle>ness ( _! ?\ght & eloqu5ce ( exposition1 ! "q is look$ at f e possible side1 & ! b9d+ nature ( ?is comm& on e ,*ri/ian :o ackn[l$ges ! ,bible z ! revelation ( ,god is firmly e/abli%$4 ,all ! ord9>y objections to ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts are br\ght =w>d1 su* z ! expulsion ( ! money-*ang]s f ! ,temple1 & s on1 & argum5ts foll[ 9 dispro( ( !m all4 ,! practical reasonabl5ess ( ?is rule ( conduct is %[n indep5d5tly ( ,scripture1 & all ! objections ord9>ily made aga9/ its practicability are /at$ & refut$4 ,?us "o *apt] 9 a book ( 8 treats ( non-resi/ance 9 exceptional cases1 & he owns 9 ?is connection t if !re 7 cases 9 :i* ! rule ( non-resi/ance 7 impossible ( application1 x w\ld prove t ! law 0 n univ]sally au?oritative4 ,quot+ ^! cases1 he %[s t x is precisely 9 !m t ! application ( ! rule is bo? necess>y & reasonable4 ,!re is no aspect ( ! "q1 ei!r on 8 side or on 8 oppon5ts'1 :i* he has n foll[$ up 9 8 writ+s4 ,i m5tion all ?is to %[ ! unmi/akable int]e/ :i* su* works ought to h = m5 :o make a pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity1 & because "o w\ld h ?\ght ,ball\'s "w w\ld h be5 well kn[n1 & ! ideas express$ by him w\ld h be5 ei!r accept$ or refut$2 b su* has n be5 ! case4 ,! "w ( ,g>rison1 ! fa!r1 9 8 f\ndation ( ! ,society ( ,non-resi/ants & 8 ,decl>ation1 ev5 m ?an my correspond5ce ) ! ,quak]s1 conv9c$ me ( ! fact t ! dep>ture ( ! rul+ =m ( ,*ri/ianity f ! law ( ,*ri/ on non-resi/ance by =ce is an error t has long be5 obs]v$ & po9t$ out1 & t m5 h labor$1 & are /ill labor+1 to correct4 ,ball\'s "w confirm$ me /ill m 9 ?is view4 ,b ! fate ( ,g>rison1 /ill m t ( ,ball\1 9 be+ completely unrecogniz$ 9 spite ( fifty ye>s ( ob/9ate & p]si/5t "w 9 ! same direction1 confirm$ me 9 ! idea t !re exi/s a k9d ( tacit b /eadfa/ conspiracy ( sil5ce ab\t all su* ef=ts4 ,ball\ di$ 9 ,augu/1 #ahij1 & !re 0 an obitu>y notice ( him 9 an ,am]ican j\rnal ( ,*ri/ian views 7,religio-philosophical ,j\rnal1 ,augu/ #bc74 ,9 ?is laudatory notice x is record$ t ,ball\ 0 ! spiritual director ( a p>i%1 t he deliv]$ f eight to n9e ?\s& s]mons1 m>ri$ "o ?\s& c\ples1 & wrote ab\t five hundr$ articles2 b !re is n a s+le ^w said ( ! object to :i* he devot$ 8 life2 ev5 ! ^w non-resi/ance is n m5tion$4 ,precisely z x 0 ) all ! prea*+ ( ! ,quak]s = two hundr$ ye>s1 &1 too1 ) ! ef=ts ( ,g>rison ! fa!r1 ! f\ndation ( 8 society & j\rnal1 & 8 ,decl>ation1 s x is ) ! life-"w ( ,ball\4 ,x seems j z ?\gh x did n exi/ & nev] _h exi/$4 ,we h an a/\nd+ example ( ! obscurity ( works :i* aim at exp\nd+ ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce1 & at confut+ ^? :o d n recognize ?is comm&m5t1 9 ! book ( ! ,tse* ,hel*itsky1 :i* has only lately be5 notic$ & has n hi!rto be5 pr9t$4 ,soon aft] ! appe>ance ( my book 9 ,g]man1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,prague1 f a pr(essor ( ! univ]sity !re1 in=m+ me ( ! exi/5ce ( a "w1 nev] yet pr9t$1 by ,hel*itsky1 a ,tse* ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 entitl$ ,! ,net ( ,fai?4 ,9 ?is "w1 ! pr(essor told me1 ,hel*itsky express$ precisely ! same view z to true & false ,*ri/ianity z ,i _h express$ 9 my book ,:at ,i ,believe4 ,! pr(essor wrote to me t ,hel*itsky's "w 0 to be publi%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,tse* language 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,! ,pet]sburg ,academy ( ,sci5ce4 ,s9ce ,i c\ld n obta9 ! book itself1 ,i tri$ to make myself acqua9t$ ) :at 0 kn[n ( ,hel*itsky1 & ,i ga9$ ! foll[+ in=mation f a ,g]man book s5t me by ! ,prague pr(essor & f ,pyp9's hi/ory ( ,tse* lit]ature4 ,?is 0 ,pyp9's acc\nt3 ',! ,net ( ,fai?' is ,*ri/'s tea*+1 :i* ought to draw man up out ( ! d>k dep?s ( ! sea ( worldl9ess & 8 own iniquity4 ,true fai? consi/s 9 believ+ ,god's ,^w2 b n[ a "t has come :5 m5 mi/ake ! true fai? = h]esy1 & !re=e x is = ! reason to po9t out :at ! true fai? consi/s 91 if anyone does n "k ?is4 ,x is hidd5 9 d>kness f m51 & !y d n recognize ! true law ( ,*ri/4 ,to make ?is law pla91 ,hel*itsky po9ts to ! primitive organization ( ,*ri/ian society--! organization :i*1 he says1 is n[ reg>d$ 9 ! ,roman ,*ur* z an abom9able h]esy4 ,?is primitive ,*ur* 0 8 special ideal ( social organization1 f\nd$ on equality1 lib]ty1 & frat]nity4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ,hel*itsky's view1 /ill pres]ves ^! elem5ts1 & x is only necess>y = society to return to its pure doctr9e to r5d] unnecess>y e o!r =m ( social ord] 9 :i* k+s & popes are ess5tial2 ! law ( love w\ld alone be suffici5t 9 e case4 ,hi/orically1 ,hel*itsky attributes ! deg5]ation ( ,*ri/ianity to ! times ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 :om ! ,pope ,sylve/] admitt$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ) all 8 hea!n morals & life4 ,con/ant9e1 9 8 turn1 end[$ ! ,pope ) worldly ri*es & p[]4 ,f t "t =w>d ^! two rul+ p[]s 7 con/antly aid+ "o ano!r to /rive = no?+ b outw>d glory4 ,div9es & ecclesia/ical dignit>ies began to conc]n !mselves only ab\t subdu+ ! :ole _w to _! au?ority1 incit$ m5 aga9/ "o ano!r to murd] & plund]1 & 9 cre$ & life r$uc$ ,*ri/ianity to a nullity4 ,hel*itsky d5ies completely ! "r to make w> & to inflict ! puni%m5t ( dea?2 e soldi]1 ev5 ! 'knight1' is only a viol5t evil do]--a murd]]4 ,! same acc\nt is giv5 by ! ,g]man book1 ) ! addition ( a few biographical details & "s extracts f ,hel*itsky's writ+s4 ,hav+ le>nt ! drift ( ,hel*itsky's tea*+ 9 ?is way1 ,i await$ all ! m impati5tly ! appe>ance ( ,! ,net ( ,fai? 9 ! j\rnal ( ! ,academy4 ,b "o ye> pass$1 !n two & ?ree1 & /ill ! book did n appe>4 ,x 0 only 9 #ahhh t ,i le>n$ t ! pr9t+ ( ! book1 :i* _h be5 begun1 0 /opp$4 ,i obta9$ ! pro(s ( :at _h be5 pr9t$ & read !m ?r\gh4 ,x is a m>vel\s book f e po9t ( view4 ,its g5]al t5or is giv5 ) p]fect accuracy by ,pyp94 ,hel*itsky's fundam5tal idea is t ,*ri/ianity1 by ally+ itself ) temporal p[] 9 ! days ( ,con/ant9e1 & by cont9u+ to develop 9 su* conditions1 has become completely di/ort$1 & has ceas$ to be ,*ri/ian altoge!r4 ,hel*itsky gave ! title ,! ,net ( ,fai? to 8 book1 tak+ z 8 motto ! v]se ( ! ,gospel ab\t ! call+ ( ! disciples to be fi%]s ( m52 &1 develop+ ?is metaphor1 he says3 ,*ri/1 by means ( 8 disciples1 w\ld h caught all ! _w 9 8 net ( fai?1 b ! great] fi%es broke ! net & escap$ out ( x1 & all ! re/ h slipp$ ?r\gh ! holes made by ! great] fi%es1 s t ! net has rema9$ q empty4 ,! great] fi%es :o broke ! net are ! rul]s1 emp]ors1 popes1 k+s1 :o h n r5\nc$ p[]1 & in/ead ( true ,*ri/ianity h put on :at is simply a mask ( x4 ,hel*itsky tea*es precisely :at has be5 & is taught 9 ^! days by ! non-resi/ant ,m5nonites & ,quak]s1 & 9 =m] times by ! ,bogomilites1 ,paulicians1 & _m o!rs4 ,he tea*es t ,*ri/ianity1 expect+ f its adh]5ts g5tl5ess1 meekness1 peaceabl5ess1 =giv5ess ( injuries1 turn+ ! o!r *eek :5 "o is /ruck1 & love = enemies1 is inconsi/5t ) ! use ( =ce1 :i* is an indisp5sable condition ( au?ority4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 accord+ to ,hel*itsky's reason+1 n only _c be a rul] or a soldi]2 he _c take any "p 9 gov]nm5t nor 9 trade1 or ev5 be a l&[n]2 he c only be an artisan or a husb&man4 ,?is book is "o ( ! few works attack+ (ficial ,*ri/ianity :i* has escap$ be+ burn$4 ,all su* s-call$ h]etical works 7 burn$ at ! /ake1 toge!r ) _! au?ors1 s t !re are few anci5t works expos+ ! errors ( (ficial ,*ri/ianity4 ,! book has a special int]e/ = ?is reason alone4 ,b ap>t f its int]e/ f e po9t ( view1 x is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable products ( ?\ght = its dep? ( aim1 = ! a/\nd+ /r5g? & beauty ( ! national language 9 :i* x is writt51 & = its antiquity4 ,& yet = m ?an f\r c5turies x has rema9$ unpr9t$1 & is /ill unkn[n1 except to a few le>n$ speciali/s4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght t all su* works1 :e!r ( ! ,quak]s1 ( ,g>rison1 ( ,ball\1 or ( ,hel*itsky1 ass]t+ & prov+ z !y d1 on ! pr9ciples ( ! ,gospel1 t our mod]n _w takes a false view ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 w\ld h awak5$ int]e/1 excitem5t1 talk1 & discussion among spiritual tea*]s & _! flocks alike4 ,works ( ?is k9d1 deal+ ) ! v ess5ce ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ought1 "o w\ld h ?\ght1 to h be5 exam9$ & accept$ z true1 or refut$ & reject$4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d has occurr$1 & ! same fate has be5 repeat$ ) all ^? works4 ,m5 ( ! mo/ div]se views1 believ]s1 &1 :at is surpris+1 unbeliev+ lib]als also1 z ?\gh by agreem5t1 all pres]ve ! same p]si/5t sil5ce ab\t !m1 & all t has be5 done by p to expla9 ! true mean+ ( ,*ri/'s doctr9e rema9s ei!r ignor$ or =gott54 ,b x is /ill m a/oni%+ t two o!r books1 ( :i* ,i he>d on ! appe>ance ( my book1 %\ld be s little kn[n4 ,i mean ,dymond's book ,on ,w>1 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,london 9 #ahbd1 & ,daniel ,muss]'s book on ,non-resi/ance1 writt5 9 #ahfd4 ,x is p>ticul>ly a/oni%+ t ^! books %\ld be unkn[n1 because1 ap>t f _! intr9sic m]its1 bo? books treat n s mu* ( ! !ory z ( ! practical application ( ! !ory to life1 ( ! attitude ( ,*ri/ianity to milit>y s]vice1 :i* is especially important & int]e/+ n[ 9 ^! days ( univ]sal conscription4 ,p w ask1 p]haps3 ,h[ ought a subject to behave :o believes t w> is inconsi/5t ) 8 religion :ile ! gov]nm5t dem&s f him t he %\ld ent] milit>y s]vice8 ,?is "q is1 ,i ?9k1 a mo/ vital "o1 & ! answ] to x is specially important 9 ^! days ( univ]sal conscription4 ,all--or at lea/ ! great majority ( ! p--are ,*ri/ians1 & all m5 are call$ ^u = milit>y s]vice4 ,h[ ought a man1 z a ,*ri/ian1 to meet ?is dem&8 ,?is is ! gi/ ( ,dymond's answ]3 ,8 duty is humbly b /eadfa/ly to refuse to s]ve4 ,!re are "s p1 :o1 )\t any def9ite reason+ ab\t x1 conclude /raightway t ! responsibility ( gov]nm5t measures re/s entirely on ^? :o resolve on !m1 or t ! gov]nm5ts & sov]eigns decide ! "q ( :at is good or bad = _! subjects1 & ! duty ( ! subjects is m]ely to obey4 ,i ?9k t argum5ts ( ?is k9d only obscure m5's consci5ce4 ,i _c take "p 9 ! c\ncils ( gov]nm5t1 & !re=e ,i am n responsible = its misde$s4 ,inde$1 b we are responsible = our own misde$s4 ,& ! misde$s ( our rul]s become our own1 if we1 kn[+ t !y are misde$s1 assi/ 9 c>ry+ !m out4 ,^? :o suppose t !y are b\nd to obey ! gov]nm5t1 & t ! responsibility = ! misde$s !y commit is transf]r$ f !m to _! rul]s1 deceive !mselves4 ,!y say3 ,we give our acts up to ! w ( o!rs1 & our acts _c be good or bad2 !re is no m]it 9 :at is good nor responsibility = :at is evil 9 our actions1 s9ce !y are n done ( our own w4 ,x is rem>kable t ! v same ?+ is said 9 ! in/ructions to soldi]s :i* !y make !m le>n--t is1 t ! (fic] is alone responsible = ! consequ5ces ( 8 comm&4 ,b ?is is n "r4 ,a man _c get rid ( ! responsibility = 8 own actions4 ,& t is cle> f ! foll[+ example4 ,if y\r (fic] comm&s y to kill y\r neighbor's *ild1 to kill y\r fa!r or y\r "m1 w\ld y obey8 ,if y w\ld n obey1 ! :ole argum5t falls to ! gr\nd1 = if y c disobey ! gov]nors 9 "o case1 :]e d y draw ! l9e up to :i* y c obey !m8 ,!re is no l9e o!r ?an t laid d[n by ,*ri/ianity1 & t l9e is bo? reasonable & practicable4 ,& !re=e we consid] x ! duty ( e man :o ?9ks w> inconsi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity1 meekly b firmly to refuse to s]ve 9 ! army4 ,& let ^? ^: lot x is to act ?us1 rememb] t ! fulfillm5t ( a great duty re/s ) !m4 ,! de/9y ( humanity 9 ! _w dep5ds1 s f> z x dep5ds on m5 at all1 on _! fidelity to _! religion4 ,let !m confess _! conviction1 & /& up = x1 & n 9 words alone1 b 9 suff]+s too1 if ne$ be4 ,if y believe t ,*ri/ =bade murd]1 pay no he$ to ! argum5ts nor to ! comm&s ( ^? :o call on y to be> a h& 9 x4 ,by su* a /eadfa/ refusal to make use ( =ce1 y call d[n on y\rselves ! bless+ promis$ to ^? :o he> ^! say+s & d !m1 & ! "t w come :5 ! _w w recognize y z hav+ aid$ 9 ! re=mation ( mank9d4 ,muss]'s book is call$ ,non-resi/ance ,ass]t$1 or ,k+dom ( ,*ri/ & ,k+doms ( ?is ,_w ,sep>at$4 ,?is book is devot$ to ! same "q1 & 0 writt5 :5 ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t 0 exact+ milit>y s]vice f its citiz5s at ! "t ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,& x has1 too1 a value = all "t1 deal+ ) ! "q h[1 9 su* circum/ances1 p %\ld & c refuse to ent] milit>y s]vice4 ,"h is ! t5or ( ! au?or's introductory rem>ks3 ,x is well kn[n t !re are _m p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o refuse to fight on gr\nds ( consci5ce4 ,!y are call$ ! 'def5seless1' or 'non-resi/ant' ,*ri/ians4 ,^! ,*ri/ians refuse to def5d _! c\ntry1 to be> arms1 or at ! call ( gov]nm5t to make w> on its enemies4 ,till lately ?is religi\s scruple seem$ a valid excuse to ! gov]nm5t1 & ^? :o urg$ x 7 let (f s]vice4 ,b at ! beg9n+ ( our ,civil ,w> public op9ion 0 agitat$ on ?is subject4 ,x 0 natural t p]sons :o consid]$ x _! duty to be> all ! h>d%ips & dang]s ( w> 9 def5se ( _! c\ntry %\ld feel res5tm5t aga9/ ^? p]sons :o _h = long %>$ ) !m ! advantages ( ! protection ( ! gov]nm5t1 & :o n[ 9 "t ( ne$ & dang] w\ld n %>e 9 be>+ ! labors & dang]s ( its def5se4 ,x 0 ev5 natural t !y %\ld decl>e ! attitude ( su* m5 mon/r\s1 irrational1 & suspici\s4 ,a ho/ ( orators & writ]s1 our au?or tells u1 arose to oppose ?is attitude1 & tri$ to prove ! s9fulness ( non-resi/ance1 bo? f ,scripture & on common-s5se gr\nds4 ,& ?is 0 p]fectly natural1 & 9 _m cases ! au?ors 7 "r--"r1 t is1 9 reg>d to p]sons :o did n r5\nce ! b5efits !y receiv$ f ! gov]nm5t & tri$ to avoid ! h>d%ips ( milit>y s]vice1 b n "r 9 reg>d to ! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance itself4 ,above all1 our au?or proves ! b9d+ nature ( ! rule ( non-resi/ance = a ,*ri/ian1 po9t+ out t ?is comm& is p]fectly cle>1 & is enjo9$ ^u e ,*ri/ian by ,*ri/ )\t possibility ( mis9t]pretation4 ,be?9k y\rselves :e!r x is righte\s to obey man m ?an ,god1 said ,pet] & ,john4 ,& ?is is precisely :at ought to be ! attitude ( e man :o wi%es to be ,*ri/ian to ! claim on him = milit>y s]vice1 :5 ,*ri/ has said1 ,resi/ n evil by =ce4 ,z = ! "q ( ! pr9ciple itself1 ! au?or reg>ds t z decid$4 ,z to ! second "q1 :e!r p h ! "r to refuse to s]ve 9 ! army :o h n refus$ ! b5efits conf]r$ by a gov]nm5t re/+ on =ce1 ! au?or consid]s x 9 detail1 & arrives at ! conclusion t a ,*ri/ian foll[+ ! law ( ,*ri/1 s9ce he does n g to w>1 ought n ei!r to take advantage ( any ( ! in/itutions ( gov]nm5t1 c\rts ( law1 or elections1 & t 9 8 private conc]ns he mu/ n h rec\rse to ! au?orities1 ! police1 or ! law4 ,fur!r on 9 ! book he treats ( ! relation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to ! ,new1 ! value ( gov]nm5t = ^? :o are ,*ri/ians1 & makes "s obs]vations on ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance & ! attacks made on x4 ,! au?or concludes 8 book by say+3 ,*ri/ians d n ne$ gov]nm5t1 & !re=e !y _c ei!r obey x 9 :at is contr>y to ,*ri/'s tea*+ nor1 /ill less1 take "p 9 x4 ,*ri/ took 8 disciples out ( ! _w1 he says4 ,!y d n expect worldly bless+s & worldly happ9ess1 b !y expect et]nal life4 ,! ,_s 9 :om !y live makes !m cont5t$ & happy 9 e position4 ,if ! _w tol]ates !m1 !y are always happy4 ,if ! _w w n leave !m 9 peace1 !y w g else:]e1 s9ce !y are pilgrims on ! e>? & !y h no fix$ place ( habitation4 ,!y believe t ! dead may bury _! dead4 ,"o ?+ only is ne$ful = !m1 to foll[ _! ,ma/]4 ,ev5 putt+ aside ! "q z to ! pr9ciple laid d[n 9 ^! two books z to ! ,*ri/ian's duty 9 8 attitude to w>1 "o _c help p]ceiv+ ! practical importance & ! urg5t ne$ ( decid+ ! "q4 ,!re are p1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,quak]s1 ,m5nonites1 all our ,d\hobortsi1 ,molokani1 & o!rs :o d n belong to any def9ite sect1 :o consid] t ! use ( =ce--&1 consequ5tly1 milit>y s]vice--is inconsi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,consequ5tly !re are e ye> among u 9 ,russia "s m5 call$ ^u = milit>y s]vice :o refuse to s]ve on ! gr\nd ( _! religi\s convictions4 ,does ! gov]nm5t let !m (f !n8 ,no4 ,does x compel !m to g1 & 9 case ( disob$i5ce puni% !m8 ,no4 ,?is 0 h[ ! gov]nm5t treat$ !m 9 #ahah4 ,"h is an extract f ! di>y ( ,ni*olas ,myravyov ( ,k>s1 :i* 0 n pass$ by ! c5sor1 & is n kn[n 9 ,russia3 ,,tiflis1 ,octob] #b1 #ahah4 ,9 ! morn+ ! comm&ant told me t five peasants belong+ to a l&[n] 9 ! ,tamb(f gov]nm5t _h lately be5 s5t to ,georgia4 ,^! m5 _h be5 s5t = soldi]s1 b !y w\ld n s]ve2 !y _h be5 sev]al times flogg$ & made to run ! gauntlet1 b !y w\ld submit readily to ! cruele/ tortures1 & ev5 to dea?1 r ?an s]ve4 ',let u g1' !y said1 '& leave u alone2 we w n hurt anyone2 all m5 are equal1 & ! ,tz> is a man l u2 :y %\ld we pay him tribute2 :y %\ld ,i expose my life to dang] to kill 9 battle "s man :o has done me no h>m8 ,y c cut u to pieces & we w n be soldi]s4 ,he :o has compassion on u w give u *>ity1 b z = ! gov]nm5t rations1 we h n _h !m & we d n want to h !m4' ,^! 7 ! words ( ^? peasants1 :o decl>e t !re are numb]s l !m 9 ,russia4 ,!y br\ght !m f\r times be=e ! ,committee ( ,m9i/]s1 & at la/ decid$ to lay ! matt] be=e ! ,tz>1 :o gave ord]s t !y %\ld be tak5 to ,georgia = correction1 & comm&$ ! comm&]-9-*ief to s5d him a report e mon? ( _! gradual success 9 br++ ^! peasants to a bett] m9d4 ,h[ ! correction end$ is n kn[n1 z ! :ole episode inde$ 0 unkn[n1 hav+ be5 kept 9 pr(\nd secrecy4 ,?is 0 h[ ! gov]nm5t behav$ sev5ty-five ye>s ago--?is is h[ x has behav$ 9 a great numb] ( cases1 /udi\sly conceal$ f ! p4 ,& ?is is h[ ! gov]nm5t behaves n[1 except 9 ! case ( ! ,g]man ,m5nonites1 liv+ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,kh]son1 ^: plea aga9/ milit>y s]vice is consid]$ well gr\nd$4 ,!y are made to "w (f _! t]m ( s]vice 9 labor 9 ! =e/s4 ,b 9 ! rec5t cases ( refusal on ! "p ( ,m5nonites to s]ve 9 ! army on religi\s gr\nds1 ! gov]nm5t au?orities h act$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,to beg9 )1 !y h rec\rse to e means ( co]cion us$ 9 our times to correct ! culprit & br+ him to a bett] m9d1 & ^! measures are c>ri$ out ) ! greate/ secrecy4 ,i "k t 9 ! case ( "o man :o decl9$ to s]ve 9 #ahhd 9 ,mosc[1 ! (ficial correspond5ce on ! subject _h two mon?s aft] 8 refusal accumulat$ into a big folio1 & 0 kept absolutely secret among ! ,m9i/ry4 ,!y usually beg9 by s5d+ ! culprit to ! prie/s1 & ! latt]1 to _! %ame be x said1 always exhort him to ob$i5ce4 ,b s9ce ! exhortation 9 ,*ri/'s "n to =swe> ,*ri/ is = ! mo/ "p unsuccessful1 aft] he has receiv$ ! admonitions ( ! spiritual au?orities1 !y s5d him to ! g5d>mes1 & ! latt]1 f9d+1 z a rule1 no political cause = (f5se 9 him1 dispat* him back aga91 & !n he is s5t to ! le>n$ m51 to ! doctors1 & to ! madh\se4 ,dur+ all ^! vicissitudes he is depriv$ ( lib]ty & has to endure e k9d ( humiliation & suff]+ z a convict$ crim9al4 7,all ?is has be5 repeat$ 9 f\r cases47 ,! doctors let him out ( ! madh\se1 & !n e k9d ( secret %ift is employ$ to prev5t him f go+ free--:]eby o!rs w\ld be enc\rag$ to refuse to s]ve z he has done--& at ! same "t to avoid leav+ him among ! soldi]s1 = fe> !y too %\ld le>n f him t milit>y s]vice is n at all _! duty by ! law ( ,god1 z !y are assur$1 b q contr>y to x4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t ?+ = ! gov]nm5t w\ld be to kill ! non-resi/ant by flogg+ him to dea? or "s o!r means1 z 0 done 9 =m] days4 ,b to put a man op5ly to dea? because he believes 9 ! cre$ we all confess is impossible4 ,to let a man alone :o has refus$ ob$i5ce is also impossible4 ,& s ! gov]nm5t tries ei!r to compel ! man by ill-treatm5t to r5\nce ,*ri/1 or 9 "s way or o!r to get rid ( him unobs]v$1 )\t op5ly putt+ him to dea?1 & to hide someh[ bo? ! action & ! man himself f o!r p4 ,& s all k9ds ( %ifts & wiles & cruelties are set on foot aga9/ him4 ,!y ei!r s5d him to ! fronti] or provoke him to insubord9ation1 & !n try him = brea* ( discipl9e & %ut him up 9 ! prison ( ! discipl9>y battalion1 :]e !y c ill treat him freely unse5 by anyone1 or !y decl>e him mad1 & lock him up 9 a lunatic asylum4 ,!y s5t "o man 9 ?is way to ,ta%k5d--t is1 !y pret5d$ to transf] him to ! ,ta%k5d army2 ano!r to ,omsk2 a ?ird !y convict$ ( insubord9ation & %ut up 9 prison2 a f\r? !y s5t to a lunatic asylum4 ,ev]y:]e ! same /ory is repeat$4 ,n only ! gov]nm5t1 b ! great majority ( lib]al1 advanc$ p1 z !y are call$1 /udi\sly turn away f ev]y?+ t has be5 said1 writt51 or done1 or is be+ done by m5 to prove ! incompatibility ( =ce 9 its mo/ awful1 gross1 & gl>+ =m--9 ! =m1 t is1 ( an army ( soldi]s prep>$ to murd] anyone1 :oev] x may be--) ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ev5 ( ! humanity :i* society pr(esses z its cre$4 ,s t ! in=mation ,i h ga9$ ( ! attitude ( ! high] rul+ classes1 n only 9 ,russia b 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 t[>d ! elucidation ( ?is "q has conv9c$ me t !re exi/s 9 ^! rul+ classes a consci\sly ho/ile attitude to true ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is %[n pre-em95tly 9 _! retic5ce 9 reg>d to all manife/ations ( x4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,criticisms ,,( ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,non-,,resi/ance ,,to ,,evil ,,by ,,=ce ,,on ,,! ,,"p ,,( ,,believ]s ,,& ,,( ,,unbeliev]s4 ,fate ( ! ,book ,:at ,i ,believe--,evasive ,"* ( ,religi\s ,criticisms ( ,pr9ciples ( my ,book--#a/ ,reply3 ,use ( ,=ce n ,oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity--#b;d ,reply3 ,use ( ,=ce ,necess>y to ,re/ra9 ,evil ,do]s--#c;d ,reply3 ,duty ( ,us+ ,=ce 9 ,def5se ( ,"o's ,neighbor--#d? ,reply3 ,! ,brea* ( ! ,comm& ( ,non-resi/ance to be ,reg>d$ ,simply z a ,weakness--#e? ,reply3 ,reply ,evad$ by ,mak+ ,believe t ! ,"q has long be5 ,decid$--,to ,devise su* ,subt]fuges & to take ,refuge ,beh9d ! ,au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 ( ,antiquity1 & ( ,religion is all t ,ecclesia/ical ,critics c d to get out ( ! ,contradiction betwe5 ,use ( ,=ce & ,*ri/ianity 9 ,!ory & 9 ,practice--,g5]al ,attitude ( ! ,ecclesia/ical ,_w & ( ! ,au?orities to ,pr(ession ( ,true ,*ri/ianity--,g5]al ,"* ( ,russian ,free?9k+ ,critics--,=eign ,free?9k+ ,critics--,mi/ak5 ,argum5ts ( ^! ,critics ! ,result ( ,misund]/&+ ! ,true ,mean+ ( ,*ri/'s ,tea*+4 ,! impression ,i ga9$ ( a desire to conceal1 to hu% up1 :at ,i _h tri$ to express 9 my book1 l$ me to judge ! book itself afre%4 ,on its appe>ance x _h1 z ,i _h anticipat$1 be5 =bidd51 & ought !re=e by law to h be5 burnt4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 x 0 discuss$ among (ficials1 & circulat$ 9 a great numb] ( manuscript & li?ograph copies1 & 9 translations pr9t$ abroad4 ,& v quickly aft] ! book1 criticisms1 bo? religi\s & secul> 9 "*1 made _! appe>ance1 & ^! ! gov]nm5t tol]at$1 & ev5 enc\rag$4 ,s t ! refutation ( a book :i* no "o 0 suppos$ to "k any?+ ab\t 0 ev5 *os5 z ! subject = !ological diss]tations 9 ! academies4 ,! criticisms ( my book1 ,russian & =eign alike1 fall "u two g5]al divisions--! religi\s criticisms ( m5 :o reg>d !mselves z believ]s1 & secul> criticisms1 t is1 ^? ( free?9k]s4 ,i w beg9 ) ! fir/ class4 ,9 my book ,i made x an accusation aga9/ ! tea*]s ( ! ,*ur* t _! tea*+ is oppos$ to ,*ri/'s comm&s cle>ly & def9itely express$ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 & oppos$ 9 especial to 8 comm& 9 reg>d to resi/ance to evil1 & t 9 ?is way !y deprive ,*ri/'s tea*+ ( all value4 ,! ,*ur* au?orities accept ! tea*+ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt on non-resi/ance to evil by =ce z div9e revelation2 & !re=e "o w\ld h ?\ght t if !y felt call$ ^u to write ab\t my book at all1 !y w\ld h f\nd x inevitable be=e ev]y?+ else to reply to ! pr9cipal po9t ( my *>ge aga9/ !m1 & to say pla9ly1 d !y or d !y n admit ! tea*+ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil z b9d+ on a ,*ri/ian4 ,& !y 7 b\nd to answ] ?is "q1 n aft] ! usual fa%ion 7i4 e41 t al?\gh on ! "o side "o _c absolutely d5y1 yet on ! o!r side "o _c aga9 fully ass5t1 all ! m see+ t1 etc41 etc474 ,no2 !y %\ld h answ]$ ! "q z pla9ly z x 0 put 9 my book--,did ,*ri/ really dem& f 8 disciples t !y %\ld c>ry out :at he taught !m 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt8 ,& c a ,*ri/ian1 !n1 or c he n1 always rema9+ a ,*ri/ian1 g to law or make any use ( ! law1 or seek 8 own protection 9 ! law8 ,& c ! ,*ri/ian1 or c he n1 rema9+ a ,*ri/ian1 take "p 9 ! adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t1 us+ compulsion aga9/ 8 neighbors8 ,&--! mo/ important "q hang+ ov] ! heads ( all ( u 9 ^! days ( univ]sal milit>y s]vice--c ! ,*ri/ian1 or c he n1 rema9+ a ,*ri/ian1 aga9/ ,*ri/'s direct prohibition1 promise ob$i5ce 9 future actions directly oppos$ to 8 tea*+8 ,& c he1 by tak+ 8 %>e ( s]vice 9 ! army1 prep>e himself to murd] m51 & ev5 actually murd] !m8 ,^! que/ions 7 put pla9ly & directly1 & seem$ to require a pla9 & direct answ]2 b 9 all ! criticisms ( my book !re 0 no su* pla9 & direct answ]4 ,no2 my book receiv$ precisely ! same treatm5t z all ! attacks ^u ! tea*]s ( ! ,*ur* = _! defection f ! ,law ( ,*ri/ ( :i* hi/ory f ! days ( ,con/ant9e is full4 ,a v great deal 0 said 9 connection ) my book ( my hav+ incorrectly int]pret$ ?is & o!r passages ( ! ,gospel1 ( my be+ 9 error 9 n recogniz+ ! ,tr9ity1 ! r$emption1 & ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,a v great deal 0 said1 b n a ^w ab\t ! "o ?+ :i* = e ,*ri/ian is ! mo/ ess5tial "q 9 life--h[ to reconcile ! duty ( =giv5ess1 meekness1 pati5ce1 & love = all1 neighbors & enemies alike1 :i* is s cle>ly express$ 9 ! words ( our tea*]1 & 9 ! he>t ( ea* ( u--h[ to reconcile ?is duty ) ! obligation ( us+ =ce 9 w> ^u m5 ( our own or a =eign p4 ,all t are wor? call+ answ]s to ?is "q c be br\ght "u ! foll[+ five heads4 ,i h tri$ to br+ toge!r 9 ?is connection all ,i c\ld1 n only f ! criticisms on my book1 b f :at has be5 writt5 9 pa/ times on ?is !me4 ,! fir/ & crude/ =m ( reply consi/s 9 ! bold ass]tion t ! use ( =ce is n oppos$ by ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/2 t x is p]mitt$1 & ev5 enjo9$1 on ! ,*ri/ian by ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,ass]tions ( ?is k9d proce$1 = ! mo/ "p1 f m5 :o h atta9$ ! highe/ ranks 9 ! gov]n+ or ecclesia/ical hi]>*y1 & :o are consequ5tly p]fectly assur$ t no "o w d>e to contradict _! ass]tion1 & t if anyone does contradict x !y w he> no?+ ( ! contradiction4 ,^! m5 h1 = ! mo/ "p1 ?r\gh ! intoxication ( p[]1 s lo/ ! "r idea ( :at t ,*ri/ianity is 9 ! "n ( :i* !y hold _! position t :at is ,*ri/ian 9 ,*ri/ianity pres5ts itself to !m z h]esy1 :ile ev]y?+ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts :i* c be di/ort$ into an anti*ri/ian & hea!n mean+ !y reg>d z ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 support ( _! ass]tion t ,*ri/ianity is n oppos$ to ! use ( =ce1 ^! m5 usually1 ) ! greate/ audacity1 br+ toge!r all ! mo/ obscure passages f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 int]pret+ !m 9 ! mo/ un*ri/ian way--! puni%m5t ( ,ananias & ,sapphira1 ( ,simon ! ,sorc]]1 etc4 ,!y quote all ^? say+s ( ,*ri/'s :i* c possibly be int]pret$ z ju/ification ( cruelty3 ! expulsion f ! ,temple2 ,x %all be m tol]able = ! l& ( ,sodom ?an = ?is city1 etc41 etc4 ,accord+ to ^! p's notions1 a ,*ri/ian gov]nm5t is n 9 ! lea/ b\nd to be guid$ by ! _s ( peace1 =giv5ess ( injuries1 & love = enemies4 ,to refute su* an ass]tion is useless1 because ! v p :o make ?is ass]tion refute !mselves1 or1 r1 r5\nce ,*ri/1 inv5t+ a ,*ri/ianity & a ,*ri/ ( _! own 9 ! place ( him 9 ^: "n ! ,*ur* itself exi/s1 z well z _! (fice 9 x4 ,if all m5 7 to le>n t ! ,*ur* pr(esses to believe 9 a ,*ri/ ( puni%m5t & w>f>e1 n ( =giv5ess1 no "o w\ld believe 9 ! ,*ur* & x c\ld n prove to anyone :at x is try+ to prove4 ,! second1 some:at less gross1 =m ( argum5t consi/s 9 decl>+ t1 ?\gh ,*ri/ did inde$ prea* t we %\ld turn ! left *eek1 & give ! cloak also1 & ?is is ! highe/ moral duty1 yet t !re are wick$ m5 9 ! _w1 & if ^! wick$ m5 7 n re/ra9$ by =ce1 ! :ole _w & all good m5 w\ld come to ru9 ?r\gh !m4 ,?is argum5t ,i f\nd = ! fir/ "t 9 ,john ,*ryso/om1 & ,i %[ h[ he is mi/ak5 9 my book ,:at ,i ,believe4 ,?is argum5t is ill gr\nd$1 because if we all[ ourselves to reg>d any m5 z intr9sically wick$ m51 !n 9 ! fir/ place we annul1 by s do+1 ! :ole idea ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 accord+ to :i* we are all equals & bro!rs1 z sons ( "o ,fa!r 9 heav54 ,secondly1 x is ill f\nd$1 because ev5 if to use =ce aga9/ wick$ m5 _h be5 p]mitt$ by ,god1 s9ce x is impossible to f9d a p]fect & unfail+ di/9ction by :i* "o c\ld positively "k ! wick$ f ! good1 s x w\ld come to all individual m5 & societies ( m5 mutually reg>d+ ea* o!r z wick$ m51 z is ! case n[4 ,?irdly1 ev5 if x 7 possible to di/+ui% ! wick$ f ! good unfail+ly1 ev5 !n x w\ld be impossible to kill or injure or %ut up 9 prison ^! wick$ m51 because !re w\ld be no "o 9 a ,*ri/ian society to c>ry out su* puni%m5t1 s9ce e ,*ri/ian1 z a ,*ri/ian1 has be5 comm&$ to use no =ce aga9/ ! wick$4 ,! ?ird k9d ( answ]1 /ill m subtle ?an ! prec$+1 consi/s 9 ass]t+ t ?\gh ! comm& ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce is b9d+ on ! ,*ri/ian :5 ! evil is direct$ aga9/ himself p]sonally1 x ceases to be b9d+ :5 ! evil is direct$ aga9/ 8 neighbors1 & t !n ! ,*ri/ian is n only n b\nd to fulfill ! comm&m5t1 b is ev5 b\nd to act 9 opposition to x 9 def5se ( 8 neighbors1 & to use =ce aga9/ transgressors by =ce4 ,?is ass]tion is an absolute assumption1 & "o _c f9d 9 all ,*ri/'s tea*+ any confirmation ( su* an argum5t4 ,su* an argum5t is n only a limitation1 b a direct contradiction & negation ( ! comm&m5t4 ,if e man has ! "r to h rec\rse to =ce 9 face ( a dang] ?reat5+ ano!r1 ! "q ( ! use ( =ce is r$uc$ to a "q ( ! def9ition ( dang] = ano!r4 ,if my private judgm5t is to decide ! "q ( :at is dang] = ano!r1 !re is no occasion = ! use ( =ce :i* c\ld n be ju/ifi$ on ! gr\nd ( dang] ?reat5+ "s o!r man4 ,!y kill$ & burnt wit*es1 !y kill$ ari/ocrats & girondi/s1 !y kill$ _! enemies1 because ^? :o 7 9 au?ority reg>d$ !m z dang]\s = ! p4 ,if ?is important limitation1 :i* fundam5tally und]m9es ! :ole value ( ! comm&m5t1 _h ent]$ into ,*ri/'s mean+1 !re mu/ h be5 m5tion ( x some:]e4 ,?is re/riction is made n[h]e 9 our ,savi\r's life or prea*+4 ,on ! contr>y1 w>n+ is giv5 precisely aga9/ ?is trea*]\s & sc&al\s re/riction :i* nullifies ! comm&m5t4 ,! error & impossibility ( su* a limitation is %[n 9 ! ,gospel ) special cle>ness 9 ! acc\nt ( ! judgm5t ( ,caiaphas1 :o makes precisely ?is di/9ction4 ,he ackn[l$g$ t x 0 wrong to puni% ! innoc5t ,jesus1 b he saw 9 him a s\rce ( dang] n = himself1 b = ! :ole p1 & !re=e he said3 ,x is bett] = "o man to die1 t ! :ole p p]i% n4 ,& ! errone\sness ( su* a limitation is /ill m cle>ly express$ 9 ! words spok5 to ,pet] :5 he tri$ to resi/ by =ce evil direct$ aga9/ ,jesus 7,matt4 xxvi4 #eb74 ,pet] 0 n def5d+ himself1 b 8 belov$ & heav5ly ,ma/]4 ,& ,*ri/ at once reprov$ him = ?is1 say+1 t he :o takes up ! sword %all p]i% by ! sword4 ,besides1 apologies = viol5ce us$ aga9/ "o's neighbor 9 def5se ( ano!r neighbor f great] viol5ce are always untru/wor?y1 because :5 =ce is us$ aga9/ "o :o has n yet c>ri$ out 8 evil int5t1 ,i c nev] "k :i* w\ld be great]--! evil ( my act ( viol5ce or ( ! act ,i want to prev5t4 ,we kill ! crim9al t society may be rid ( him1 & we nev] "k :e!r ! crim9al ( to-day w\ld n h be5 a *ang$ man to-morr[1 & :e!r our puni%m5t ( him is n useless cruelty4 ,we %ut up ! dang]\s--z we ?9k--memb] ( society1 b ! next day ?is man might cease to be dang]\s & 8 imprisonm5t might be = no?+4 ,i see t a man ,i "k to be a ruffian is pursu+ a "y girl4 ,i h a gun 9 my h&--,i kill ! ruffian & save ! girl4 ,b ! dea? or ! w\nd+ ( ! ruffian has positively tak5 place1 :ile :at w\ld h happ5$ if ?is _h n be5 ,i _c "k4 ,& :at an imm5se mass ( evil mu/ result1 & inde$ does result1 f all[+ m5 to assume ! "r ( anticipat+ :at may happ54 ,n9ety-n9e p] c5t4 ( ! evil ( ! _w is f\nd$ on ?is reason+--f ! ,inquisition to dynamite bombs1 & ! executions or puni%m5ts ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( political crim9als4 ,a f\r?1 /ill m ref9$1 reply to ! "q1 ,:at ought to be ! ,*ri/ian's attitude to ,*ri/'s comm& ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce8 consi/s 9 decl>+ t !y d n d5y ! comm& ( non-resi/ance to evil1 b recognize x2 b !y only d n ascribe to ?is comm& ! special exclusive value atta*$ to x by sect>ians4 ,to reg>d ?is comm& z ! indisp5sable condition ( ,*ri/ian life1 z ,g>rison1 ,ball\1 ,dymond1 ! ,quak]s1 ! ,m5nonites1 & ! ,%ak]s d n[1 & z ! ,moravian bro!rs1 ! ,wald5ses1 ! ,albig5ses1 ! ,bogomilites1 & ! ,paulicians did 9 ! pa/1 is a "o-sid$ h]esy4 ,?is comm& has nei!r m nor less value ?an all ! o!r comm&s1 & ! man :o ?r\gh weakness transgresses any comm& :atev]1 ! comm& ( non-resi/ance includ$1 does n cease to be a ,*ri/ian if he hold ! true fai?4 ,?is is a v skillful device1 & _m p :o wi% to be deceiv$ are easily deceiv$ by x4 ,! device consi/s 9 r$uc+ a direct consci\s d5ial ( a comm& to a casual brea* ( x4 ,b "o ne$ only comp>e ! attitude ( ! tea*]s ( ! ,*ur* to ?is & to o!r comm&s :i* !y really d recognize1 to be conv9c$ t _! attitude to ?is is completely diff]5t f _! attitude to o!r duties4 ,! comm& aga9/ =nication !y d really recognize1 & consequ5tly !y d n admit t 9 any case =nication c cease to be wrong4 ,! ,*ur* prea*]s nev] po9t out cases 9 :i* ! comm& aga9/ =nication c be brok51 & always tea* t we mu/ avoid s$uctions :i* lead to temptation to =nication4 ,b n s ) ! comm& ( non-resi/ance4 ,all *ur* prea*]s recognize cases 9 :i* t comm& c be brok51 & tea* ! p accord+ly4 ,& !y n only d n tea* t we %\ld avoid temptations to break x1 *ief ( :i* is ! milit>y oa?1 b !y !mselves adm9i/] x4 ,! prea*]s ( ! ,*ur* nev] 9 any o!r case advocate ! break+ ( any o!r comm&m5t4 ,b 9 connection ) ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance !y op5ly tea* t we mu/ n und]/& x too lit]ally1 b t !re are conditions & circum/ances 9 :i* we mu/ d ! direct opposite1 t is1 g to law1 fight1 puni%4 ,s t occasions = fulfill+ ! comm&m5t ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce are taught = ! mo/ "p z occasions = n fulfill+ x4 ,! fulfillm5t ( ?is comm&1 !y say1 is v difficult & p]ta9s only to p]fection4 ,& h[ c x n be difficult1 :5 ! brea* ( x is n only n =bidd51 b law c\rts1 prisons1 cannons1 guns1 armies1 & w>s are "u ! imm$iate sanction ( ! ,*ur*8 ,x _c be true1 !n1 t ?is comm& is recogniz$ by ! prea*]s ( ! ,*ur* z on a level ) o!r comm&s4 ,! prea*]s ( ! ,*ur* cle>ly d n recognize x2 only n d>+ to ackn[l$ge ?is1 !y try to conceal _! n recogniz+ x4 ,s mu* = ! f\r? reply4 ,! fif? k9d ( answ]1 :i* is ! subtle/1 ! mo/ (t5 us$1 & ! mo/ effective1 consi/s 9 avoid+ answ]+1 9 mak+ believe t ?is "q is "o :i* has long ago be5 decid$ p]fectly cle>ly & satisfactorily1 & t x is n wor? :ile to talk ab\t x4 ,?is me?od ( reply is employ$ by all ! m or less cultivat$ religi\s writ]s1 t is to say1 ^? :o feel ! laws ( ,*ri/ b9d+ = !mselves4 ,kn[+ t ! contradiction exi/+ betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ :i* we pr(ess ) our lips & ! :ole ord] ( our lives _c be remov$ by words1 & t t\*+ ^u x c only make x m obvi\s1 !y1 ) m or less +5uity1 evade x1 pret5d+ t ! "q ( reconcil+ ,*ri/ianity ) ! use ( =ce has be5 decid$ already1 or does n exi/ at all4#a #a ,i only "k "o "w :i* diff]s some:at f ?is g5]al def9ition1 & t is n a criticism 9 ! precise mean+ ( ! ^w1 b an article treat+ ( ! same subject & hav+ my book 9 view4 ,i mean ! pamphlet ( ,mr4 ,troizky 7publi%$ at ,kazan71 ,a ,s]mon = ! ,p4 ,! au?or obvi\sly accepts ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 its true mean+4 ,he says t ! prohibition ( resi/ance to evil by =ce means exactly :at x does mean2 & ! same ) ! prohibition ( swe>+4 ,he does n1 z o!rs d1 d5y ! mean+ ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 b un=tunately he does n draw f ?is admission ! inevitable d$uctions :i* pres5t !mselves spontane\sly 9 our life :5 we und]/& ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 t way4 ,if we mu/ n oppose evil by =ce1 nor swe>1 ev]yone naturally asks1 ,h[1 !n1 ab\t milit>y s]vice8 & ! oa? ( ob$i5ce8 ,to ?is "q ! au?or gives no reply2 b x mu/ be answ]$4 ,& if he _c answ]1 !n he w\ld d bett] n to speak on ! subject at all1 z su* sil5ce leads to error4 ,! majority ( religi\s critics ( my book use ?is fif? me?od ( reply+ to x4 ,i c\ld quote doz5s ( su* critics1 9 all ( :om1 )\t exception1 we f9d ! same ?+ repeat$3 ev]y?+ is discuss$ except :at con/itutes ! pr9cipal subject ( ! book4 ,z a *>act]i/ic example ( su* criticisms1 ,i w quote ! article ( a well-kn[n & +5i\s ,engli% writ] & prea*]--,f>r>--:o1 l _m le>n$ !ologians1 is a great ma/] ( ! art ( circuit\sly evad+ a "q4 ,! article 0 publi%$ 9 an ,am]ican j\rnal1 ! ,=um1 9 ,octob]1 #ahhh4 ,aft] consci5ti\sly expla9+ 9 brief ! cont5ts ( my book1 ,f>r> says3 ,tol/oy came to ! conclusion t a co>se deceit _h be5 palm$ ^u ! _w :5 ^! words1 ',resi/ n evil1' 7 held by civil society to be compatible ) w>1 c\rts ( ju/ice1 capital puni%m5t1 divorce1 oa?s1 national prejudice1 &1 inde$1 ) mo/ ( ! in/itutions ( civil & social life4 ,he n[ believes t ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld come if all m5 kept ^! five comm&m5ts ( ,*ri/1 viz43 #a4 ,live 9 peace ) all m54 #b4 ,be pure4 #c4 ,take no oa?s4 #d4 ,resi/ n evil4 #e4 ,r5\nce national di/9ctions4 ,tol/oy1 he says1 rejects ! inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 h5ce he rejects ! *ief doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*--t ( ! ,atonem5t by blood1 ! ,tr9ity1 ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ on ! ,apo/les1 & 8 transmission ?r\gh ! prie/hood4 ,& he recognizes only ! words & comm&s ( ,*ri/4 ,b is ?is int]pretation ( ,*ri/ a true "o8 he says4 ,are all m5 b\nd to act z ,tol/oy tea*es--i4 e41 to c>ry out ^! five comm&m5ts ( ,*ri/8 ,y expect1 !n1 t 9 answ] to ?is ess5tial "q1 :i* is ! only "o t c\ld induce a man to write an article ab\t ! book1 he w say ei!r t ?is int]pretation ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ is true & we ought to foll[ x1 or he w say t su* an int]pretation is untrue1 w %[ :y1 & w give "s o!r correct int]pretation ( ^? words :i* ,i int]pret incorrectly4 ,b no?+ ( ! k9d is done4 ,f>r> only expresses 8 belief t1 ?\gh actuat$ by ! noble/ s9c]ity1 ,c\nt ,tol/oy has be5 misl$ by p>tial & "o-sid$ int]pretations ( ! mean+ ( ! ,gospel & ! m9d & w ( ,*ri/4 ,:at ?is error consi/s 9 is n made cle>2 x is only said3 ,to ent] into ! pro( ( ?is is impossible 9 ?is article1 = ,i h already exce$$ ! space at my comm&4 ,& he concludes1 9 a tranquil _s3 ,mean:ile1 ! read] :o feels tr\bl$ le/ x %\ld be 8 duty also to =sake all ! conditions ( 8 life & to take up ! position & "w ( a common labor]1 may re/ = ! pres5t on ! pr9ciple1 securus judicat orbis t]r>um4 ,) few & r>e exceptions1 he cont9ues1 ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom1 f ! days ( ! ,apo/les d[n to our own1 has come to ! firm conclusion t x 0 ! object ( ,*ri/ to lay d[n great et]nal pr9ciples1 b n to di/urb ! bases & revolutionize ! in/itutions ( all human society1 :i* !mselves re/ on div9e sanctions z well z on inevitable conditions4 ,7 x my object to prove h[ unt5able is ! doctr9e ( communism1 bas$ by ,c\nt ,tol/oy ^u ! div9e p>adoxes sic1 :i* c be int]pret$ only on hi/orical pr9ciples 9 accordance ) ! :ole me?od ( ! tea*+ ( ,jesus1 x w\ld require an ampl] canvas ?an ,i h "h at my disposal4 ,:at a pity he has n an ampl] canvas at 8 disposal6 ,& :at a /range ?+ x is t = all ^! la/ fifte5 c5turies no "o has _h a canvas ample en\gh to prove t ,*ri/1 :om we pr(ess to believe 91 says some?+ utt]ly unlike :at he does say6 ,/ill1 !y c\ld prove x if !y want$ to4 ,b x is n wor? :ile to prove :at ev]yone kn[s2 x is en\gh to say1 securus judicat orbis t]r>um4 ,& ( ?is k9d1 )\t exception1 are all ! criticisms ( educat$ believ]s1 :o mu/1 z su*1 und]/& ! dang] ( _! position4 ,! sole escape f x = !m lies 9 _! hope t !y may be able1 by us+ ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 ( antiquity1 & ( _! sacr$ (fice1 to ov]awe ! read] & draw him away f ! idea ( read+ ! ,gospel = himself & ?9k+ out ! "q 9 8 own m9d = himself4 ,& 9 ?is !y are successful2 =1 inde$1 h[ c\ld ! notion occur to anyone t all t has be5 repeat$ f c5tury to c5tury ) su* e>ne/ness & solemnity by all ^? ar*deacons1 bi%ops1 ar*bi%ops1 holy synods1 & popes1 is all ( x a base lie & a calumny foi/$ ^u ,*ri/ by !m = ! sake ( keep+ safe ! money !y mu/ h to live luxuri\sly on ! necks ( o!r m58 ,& x is a lie & a calumny s transp>5t t ! only way ( keep+ x up consi/s 9 ov]aw+ p by _! e>ne/ness1 _! consci5ti\sness4 ,x is j :at has tak5 place ( late ye>s at recruit+ sessions2 at a table be=e ! z]tzal--! symbol ( ! ,tz>'s au?ority--9 ! seat ( honor "u ! life-size portrait ( ! ,tz>1 sit dignifi$ old (ficials1 we>+ decorations1 conv]s+ freely & easily1 writ+ notes1 summon+ m5 be=e !m1 & giv+ ord]s4 ,"h1 we>+ a cross on 8 brea/1 ne> !m1 is a prosp]\s-look+ old prie/ 9 a silk5 cassock1 ) long gray hair fl[+ on to 8 cope1 be=e a lect]n :o we>s ! gold5 cross & has a ,gospel b\nd 9 gold4 ,!y summon ,ivan ,petr(f4 ,a "y man comes 91 wret*$ly1 %abbily dress$1 & 9 t]ror1 ! muscles ( 8 face work+1 8 eyes bright & re/less2 & 9 a brok5 voice1 h>dly above a :isp]1 he says3 ,i--by ,*ri/'s law--z a ,*ri/ian--,i _c4 ,:at is he mutt]+8 asks ! presid5t1 fr[n+ impati5tly & rais+ 8 eyes f 8 book to li/54 ,speak l\d]1 ! colonel ) %9+ epaulets %\ts to him4 ,i--,i z a ,*ri/ian---- ,& at la/ x appe>s t ! "y man refuses to s]ve 9 ! army because he is a ,*ri/ian4 ,don't talk nons5se4 ,/& to be measur$4 ,doctor1 may ,i tr\ble y to measure him4 ,he is all "r8 ,yes4 ,rev]5d fa!r1 adm9i/] ! oa? to him4 ,no "o is ! lea/ di/urb$ by :at ! poor sc>$ "y man is mutt]+4 ,!y d n ev5 pay att5tion to x4 ,!y all mutt] some?+1 b we've no "t to li/5 to x1 we h to enroll s _m4 ,! recruit tries to say some?+ /ill4 ,x's oppos$ to ! law ( ,*ri/4 ,g along1 g along2 we "k )\t y\r help :at is oppos$ to ! law & :at's n2 & y soo! 8 m9d1 rev]5d fa!r1 soo! him4 ,next3 ,vassily ,nikit94 ,& !y lead ! trembl+ y\? away4 ,& x does n /rike anyone--! gu>ds1 or ,vassily ,nikit91 :om !y are br++ 91 or any ( ! spectators ( ?is sc5e--t ^! in>ticulate words ( ! "y man1 at once suppress$ by ! au?orities1 conta9 ! tru?1 & t ! l\d1 solemnly utt]$ s5t5ces ( ! calm1 self-confid5t (ficial & ! prie/ are a lie & a deception4 ,su* is ! impression produc$ n only by ,f>r>'s article1 b by all ^? solemn s]mons1 articles1 & books :i* make _! appe>ance f all sides directly !re is any:]e a glimpse ( tru? expos+ a pr$om9ant falsehood4 ,at once beg9s ! s]ies ( long1 clev]1 +5i\s1 & solemn spee*es & writ+s1 :i* deal ) que/ions ne>ly relat$ to ! subject1 b skillfully avoid t\*+ ! subject itself4 ,t is ! ess5ce ( ! fif? & mo/ effective means ( gett+ out ( ! contradictions 9 :i* ,*ur* ,*ri/ianity has plac$ itself1 by pr(ess+ its fai? 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 words1 :ile x d5ies x 9 its life1 & tea*es p to d ! same4 ,^? :o ju/ify !mselves by ! fir/ me?od1 directly1 crudely ass]t+ t ,*ri/ sanction$ viol5ce1 w>s1 & murd]1 repudiate ,*ri/'s doctr9e directly2 ^? :o f9d _! def5se 9 ! second1 ! ?ird1 or ! f\r? me?od are confus$ & c easily be convict$ ( error2 b ?is la/ class1 :o d n argue1 :o d n condesc5d to argue ab\t x1 b take %elt] beh9d _! own gr&eur1 & make a %[ ( all ?is hav+ be5 decid$ by !m or at lea/ by someone long ago1 & no long] (f]+ a possibility ( d\bt to anyone--!y seem safe f attack1 & w be beyond attack till m5 come to realize t !y are "u ! n>cotic influ5ce ex]t$ on !m by gov]nm5ts & *ur*es1 & are no long] affect$ by x4 ,su* 0 ! attitude ( ! spiritual critics--i4 e41 ^? pr(ess+ fai? 9 ,*ri/--to my book4 ,& _! attitude c\ld n h be5 diff]5t4 ,!y are b\nd to take up ?is attitude by ! contradictory position 9 :i* !y f9d !mselves betwe5 belief 9 ! div9ity ( _! ,ma/] & disbelief 9 8 cle>e/ utt]ances1 & !y want to escape f ?is contradiction4 ,s t "o _c expect f !m free discussion ( ! v ess5ce ( ! "q--t is1 ( ! *ange 9 m5's life :i* mu/ result f apply+ ,*ri/'s tea*+ to ! exi/+ ord] ( ! _w4 ,su* free discussion ,i only expect$ f worldly1 free?9k+ critics :o are n b\nd to ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 any way1 & c !re=e take an indep5d5t view ( x4 ,i _h anticipat$ t free?9k+ writ]s w\ld look at ,*ri/1 n m]ely1 l ! ,*ur*m51 z ! f\nd] ( a religion ( p]sonal salvation1 b1 to express x 9 _! language1 z a re=m] :o laid d[n new pr9ciples ( life & de/roy$ ! old1 & ^: re=ms are n yet complete1 b are /ill 9 progress ev5 n[4 ,su* a view ( ,*ri/ & 8 tea*+ foll[s f my book4 ,b to my a/oni%m5t1 out ( ! great numb] ( critics ( my book !re 0 n "o1 ei!r ,russian or =eign1 :o treat$ ! subject f ! side f :i* x 0 approa*$ 9 ! book--t is1 :o criticis$ ,*ri/'s doctr9es z philosophical1 moral1 & social pr9ciples1 to use _! sci5tific expressions4 ,?is 0 n done 9 a s+le criticism4 ,! free?9k+ ,russian critics tak+ my book z ?\gh its :ole cont5ts c\ld be r$uc$ to non-resi/ance to evil1 & und]/&+ ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil itself 7no d\bt = great] conv5i5ce 9 refut+ x7 z ?\gh x w\ld prohibit e k9d ( conflict ) evil1 fell vehem5tly ^u ?is doctr9e1 & = "s ye>s pa/ h be5 v successfully prov+ t ,*ri/'s tea*+ is mi/ak5 9 s f> z x =bids resi/ance to evil4 ,_! refutations ( ?is hypo!tical doctr9e ( ,*ri/ 7 all ! m successful s9ce !y knew be=eh& t _! argum5ts c\ld n be conte/$ or correct$1 = ! c5sor%ip1 n hav+ pass$ ! book1 did n pass articles 9 its def5se4 ,x is a rem>kable ?+ t among u1 :]e "o _c say a ^w ab\t ! ,holy ,scriptures )\t ! prohibition ( ! c5sor%ip1 = "s ye>s pa/ !re h be5 9 all ! j\rnals con/ant attacks & criticisms on ! comm& ( ,*ri/ simply & directly /at$ 9 ,matt4 v4 #ci4 ,! ,russian advanc$ critics1 obvi\sly unaw>e ( all t has be5 done to elucidate ! "q ( non-resi/ance1 & sometimes ev5 imag9+ app>5tly t ! rule ( non-resi/ance to evil _h be5 inv5t$ by me p]sonally1 fell f\l ( ! v idea ( x4 ,!y oppos$ x & attack$ x1 & advanc+ ) great heat argum5ts :i* _h long ago be5 analyz$ & refut$ f e po9t ( view1 !y demon/rat$ t a man ought inv>iably to def5d 7) viol5ce7 all ! injur$ & oppress$1 & t ?us ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil is an immoral doctr9e4 ,to all ,russian critics ! :ole import ( ,*ri/'s comm& seem$ r$ucible to ! fact t x w\ld h9d] !m f ! active opposition to evil to :i* !y are accu/om$4 ,s t ! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce has be5 attack$ by two oppos+ camps3 ! cons]vatives1 because ?is pr9ciple w\ld h9d] _! activity 9 resi/ance to evil z appli$ to ! revolutioni/s1 9 p]secution & puni%m5t ( !m2 ! revolutioni/s1 too1 because ?is pr9ciple w\ld h9d] _! resi/ance to evil z appli$ to ! cons]vatives & ! ov]?r[+ ( !m4 ,! cons]vatives 7 indignant at ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce h9d]+ ! en]getic de/ruction ( ! revolution>y elem5ts1 :i* may ru9 ! national prosp]ity2 ! revolutioni/s 7 indignant at ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce h9d]+ ! ov]?r[ ( ! cons]vatives1 :o are ru9+ ! national prosp]ity4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k 9 ?is connection t ! revolutioni/s h attack$ ! pr9ciple ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce1 9 spite ( ! fact t x is ! greate/ t]ror & dang] = e despotism4 ,= ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 ! use ( viol5ce ( e k9d1 f ! ,inquisition to ! ,s*lsselburg =tress1 has re/$ & /ill re/s on ! opposite pr9ciple ( ! necessity ( resi/+ evil by =ce4 ,besides ?is1 ! ,russian critics h po9t$ out ! fact t ! application ( ! comm& ( non-resi/ance to practical life w\ld turn mank9d aside out ( ! pa? ( civilization along :i* x is mov+4 ,! pa? ( civilization on :i* mank9d 9 ,europe is mov+ is 9 _! op9ion ! "o along :i* all mank9d ought always to move4 ,s mu* = ! g5]al "* ( ! ,russian critics4 ,=eign critics />t$ f ! same premises1 b _! discussions ( my book 7 some:at diff]5t f ^? ( ,russian critics1 n only 9 be+ less bitt]1 & 9 %[+ m culture1 b ev5 9 ! subject-matt]4 ,9 discuss+ my book & ! ,gospel tea*+ g5]ally1 z x is express$ 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ! =eign critics ma9ta9$ t su* doctr9e is n peculi>ly ,*ri/ian 7,*ri/ian doctr9e is ei!r ,ca?olicism or ,prote/antism accord+ to _! views7--! tea*+ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is only a /r+ ( v pretty impracticable dreams du *>mant docteur1 z ,r5an says1 fit = ! simple & half-savage inhabitants ( ,galilee :o liv$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 & = ! half-savage ,russian peasants--,sutaev & ,bond>ev--& ! ,russian my/ic ,tol/oy1 b n at all consi/5t ) a high degree ( ,european culture4 ,! =eign free?9k+ critics h tri$ 9 a delicate mann]1 )\t be+ (f5sive to me1 to give ! impression t my conviction t mank9d c\ld be guid$ by su* a nave doctr9e z t ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt proce$s f two causes3 t su* a conviction is p>tly due to my want ( k1 my ignorance ( hi/ory1 my ignorance ( all ! va9 attempts to apply ! pr9ciples ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt to life1 :i* h be5 made 9 hi/ory & h l$ to no?+2 & p>tly x is due to my fail+ to appreciate ! full value ( ! l(ty civilization to :i* mank9d has atta9$ at pres5t1 ) its ,krupp cannons1 smokeless p[d]1 colonization ( ,africa1 ,iri% ,co]cion ,bill1 p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t1 j\rnalism1 /rikes1 & ! ,eiffel ,t[]4 ,s wrote de ,vog & ,l]oy ,beaulieu & ,mat!w ,arnold2 s wrote ! ,am]ican au?or ,savage1 & ,+]soll1 ! popul> free?9k+ ,am]ican prea*]1 & _m o!rs4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ is no use1 because x is inconsi/5t ) our indu/rial age1 says ,+]soll navely1 express+ 9 ?is utt]ance1 ) p]fect directness & simplicity1 ! exact notion ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ held by p]sons ( ref9em5t & culture ( our times4 ,! tea*+ is no use = our indu/rial age1 precisely z ?\gh ! exi/5ce ( ?is indu/rial age 7 a sacr$ fact :i* ought n to & c\ld n be *ang$4 ,x is j z ?\gh drunk>ds :5 advis$ h[ !y c\ld be br\ght to habits ( sobriety %\ld answ] t ! advice is incompatible ) _! habit ( tak+ alcohol4 ,! argum5ts ( all ! free?9k+ critics1 ,russian & =eign alike1 diff]5t z !y may be 9 tone & mann] ( pres5tation1 all am\nt ess5tially to ! same /range misappreh5sion--namely1 t ,*ri/'s tea*+1 "o ( ! consequ5ces ( :i* is non-resi/ance to evil1 is ( no use to u because x requires a *ange ( our life4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ is useless because1 if x 7 c>ri$ into practice1 life c\ld n g on z at pres5t2 we mu/ add3 if we h begun by liv+ s9fully1 z we d live & are accu/om$ to live4 ,n only is ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil n discuss$2 ! v m5tion ( ! fact t ! duty ( non-resi/ance ent]s into ,*ri/'s tea*+ is reg>d$ z satisfactory pro( ( ! impracticability ( ! :ole tea*+4 ,mean:ile "o w\ld h ?\ght x 0 necess>y to po9t out at lea/ "s k9d ( solution ( ! foll[+ "q1 s9ce x is at ! root ( almo/ ev]y?+ t int]e/s u4 ,! "q am\nts to ?is3 ,9 :at way are we to decide m5's disputes1 :5 "s m5 consid] evil :at o!rs consid] good1 & vice v]sa8 ,& to reply t t is evil :i* ,i ?9k evil1 9 spite ( ! fact t my oppon5t ?9ks x good1 is n a solution ( ! difficulty4 ,!re c only be two solutions3 ei!r to f9d a real unque/ionable crit]ion ( :at is evil or n to resi/ evil by =ce4 ,! fir/ c\rse has be5 tri$ ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( hi/orical times1 &1 z we all "k1 x has n hi!rto l$ to any successful results4 ,! second solution--n =cibly to resi/ :at we consid] evil until we h f\nd a univ]sal crit]ion--t is ! solution giv5 by ,*ri/4 ,we may consid] ! answ] giv5 by ,*ri/ unsatisfactory2 we may replace x by ano!r & bett]1 by f9d+ a crit]ion by :i* evil c\ld be def9$ = all m5 unanim\sly & simultane\sly2 we may simply1 l savage nations1 n recognize ! exi/5ce ( ! "q4 ,b we _c treat ! "q z ! le>n$ critics ( ,*ri/ianity d4 ,!y pret5d ei!r t no su* "q exi/s at all or t ! "q is solv$ by grant+ to c]ta9 p]sons or assemblies ( p]sons ! "r to def9e evil & to resi/ x by =ce4 ,b we "k all ! :ile t grant+ su* a "r to c]ta9 p]sons does n decide ! "q 7/ill less s :5 we are ourselves ! c]ta9 p]sons71 s9ce !re are always p :o d n recognize ?is "r 9 ! au?oriz$ p]sons or assemblies4 ,b ?is assumption1 t :at seems evil to u is really evil1 %[s a complete misund]/&+ ( ! "q1 & lies at ! root ( ! argum5t ( free?9k+ critics ab\t ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,9 ?is way1 !n1 ! discussions ( my book on ! "p ( ,*ur*m5 & free?9k+ critics alike %[$ me t ! majority ( m5 simply d n und]/& ei!r ,*ri/'s tea*+ or ! que/ions :i* ,*ri/'s tea*+ solves4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,misund]/ood ,,by ,,believ]s4 ,mean+ ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 ,und]/ood by a ,m9ority1 has ,become ,completely ,incompreh5sible = ! ,majority ( ,m5--,reason ( ?is to be ,f\nd 9 ,mis9t]pretation ( ,*ri/ianity & ,mi/ak5 ,conviction ( ,believ]s & ,unbeliev]s ,alike t !y ,und]/& x--,! ,mean+ ( ,*ri/ianity ,obscur$ = ,believ]s by ! ,*ur*--,! ,fir/ ,appe>ance ( ,*ri/'s ,tea*+--,its ,ess5ce & ,diff]5ce f ,hea!n ,religions--,*ri/ianity n ,fully ,compreh5d$ at ! ,beg9n+1 ,became ,m & ,m ,cle> to ^? :o ,accept$ x f its ,correspond5ce ) ,tru?--,simultane\sly ) ?is ,arose ! ,claim to ,possession ( ! ,au!ntic ,mean+ ( ! ,doctr9e ,bas$ on ! ,miracul\s ,nature ( its ,transmission--,assembly ( ,disciples z ,describ$ 9 ! ,acts--,! ,au?oritative ,claim to ! ,sole ,possession ( ! ,true ,mean+ ( ,*ri/'s ,tea*+ ,support$ by ,miracul\s ,evid5ce has ,l$ by ,logical ,developm5t to ! ,cre$s ( ! ,*ur*es--,a ,*ur* ,c\ld ,n be ,f\nd$ by ,*ri/--,def9itions ( a ,*ur* ,accord+ to ! ,cate*isms--,! ,*ur*es h ,always be5 ,sev]al 9 ,numb] & ,ho/ile to ,"o ,ano!r--,:at is ,h]esy--,! ,"w ( ,g4 ,arnold on ,h]esies--,h]esies ! ,manife/ations ( ,progress 9 ! ,*ur*es--,*ur*es ,cause ,diss5sion among ,m51 & are ,always ,ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity--,acc\nt ( ! ,"w ,done by ! ,russian ,*ur*--,matt4 xxiii4 #bc--,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt or ! ,cre$--,! ,or?odox ,*ur* ,conceals f ! ,p ! ,true ,mean+ ( ,*ri/ianity--,! ,same ,?+ is ,done by ! ,o!r ,*ur*es--,all ! ,ext]nal ,conditions ( ,mod]n ,life are su* z to ,de/roy ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,*ur*1 & !re=e ! ,*ur*es use ,e ,ef=t to ,support _! ,doctr9es4 ,?us ! in=mation ,i receiv$1 aft] my book came out1 w5t to %[ t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 9 its direct & simple s5se1 0 und]/ood1 & _h always be5 und]/ood1 by a m9ority ( m51 :ile ! critics1 ecclesia/ical & free?9k+ alike1 d5i$ ! possibility ( tak+ ,*ri/'s tea*+ 9 its direct s5se4 ,all ?is conv9c$ me t :ile on "o h& ! true und]/&+ ( ?is doctr9e _h nev] be5 lo/ to a m9ority1 b _h be5 e/abli%$ m & m cle>ly1 on ! o!r h& ! mean+ ( x _h be5 m & m obscur$ = ! majority4 ,s t at la/ su* a dep? ( obscurity has be5 rea*$ t m5 d n take 9 _! direct s5se ev5 ! simple/ precepts1 express$ 9 ! simple/ words1 9 ! ,gospel4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ is n g5]ally und]/ood 9 its true1 simple1 & direct s5se ev5 9 ^! days1 :5 ! light ( ! ,gospel has p5etrat$ ev5 to ! d>ke/ recesses ( human consci\sness2 :51 9 ! words ( ,*ri/1 t :i* 0 spok5 9 ! e> is proclaim$ f ! h\setops2 & :5 ! ,gospel is influ5c+ e side ( human life--dome/ic1 economic1 civic1 legislative1 & int]national4 ,?is lack ( true und]/&+ ( ,*ri/'s words at su* a "t w\ld be inexplicable1 if !re 7 n causes to acc\nt = x4 ,"o ( ^! causes is ! fact t believ]s & unbeliev]s alike are firmly p]suad$ t !y h und]/ood ,*ri/'s tea*+ a long "t1 & t !y und]/& x s fully1 indubitably1 & conclusively t x c h no o!r significance ?an ! "o !y attribute to x4 ,& ! reason ( ?is conviction is t ! false int]pretation & consequ5t misappreh5sion ( ! ,gospel is an error ( su* long /&+4 ,ev5 ! /ronge/ curr5t ( wat] _c add a drop to a cup :i* is already full4 ,! mo/ difficult subjects c be expla9$ to ! mo/ sl[-witt$ man if he has n =m$ any idea ( !m already2 b ! simple/ ?+ _c be made cle> to ! mo/ intellig5t man if he is firmly p]suad$ t he kn[s already1 )\t a %ad[ ( d\bt1 :at is laid be=e him4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is pres5t$ to ! m5 ( our _w to-day z a doctr9e :i* ev]yone has kn[n s long & accept$ s unhesitat+ly 9 all its m9ute/ details t x _c be und]/ood 9 any o!r way ?an x is und]/ood n[4 ,*ri/ianity is und]/ood n[ by all :o pr(ess ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* z a sup]natural miracul\s revelation ( ev]y?+ :i* is repeat$ 9 ! ,cre$4 ,by unbeliev]s x is reg>d$ z an illu/ration ( man's crav+ = a belief 9 ! sup]natural1 :i* mank9d has n[ outgr[n1 z an hi/orical ph5om5on :i* has receiv$ full expression 9 ,ca?olicism1 ,greek ,or?odoxy1 & ,prote/antism1 & has no long] any liv+ significance = u4 ,! significance ( ! ,gospel is hidd5 f believ]s by ! ,*ur*1 f unbeliev]s by ,sci5ce4 ,i w speak fir/ ( ! =m]4 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago !re appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! hea!n ,roman _w a /range new doctr9e1 unlike any ( ! old religions1 & attribut$ to a man1 ,*ri/4 ,?is new doctr9e 0 9 bo? =m & cont5t absolutely new to ! ,jewi% _w 9 :i* x orig9at$1 & /ill m to ! ,roman _w 9 :i* x 0 prea*$ & diffus$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! elaborate religi\s obs]vances ( ,judaism1 9 :i*1 9 ! words ( ,isaiah1 law 0 laid ^u law1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,roman legal sy/em work$ out to ! highe/ po9t ( p]fection1 a new doctr9e appe>$1 :i* d5i$ n only e deity1 & all fe> & wor%ip ( !m1 b ev5 all human in/itutions & all necessity = !m4 ,9 place ( all ! rules ( ! old religions1 ?is doctr9e sets up only a type ( inw>d p]fection1 tru?1 & love 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 &--z a result ( ?is inw>d p]fection be+ atta9$ by m5--also ! outw>d p]fection =etold by ! ,prophets--! k+dom ( ,god1 :5 all m5 w cease to le>n to make w>1 :5 all %all be taught ( ,god & unit$ 9 love1 & ! lion w lie d[n ) ! lamb4 ,in/ead ( ! ?reats ( puni%m5t :i* all ! old laws ( religions & gov]nm5ts alike laid d[n = non-fulfillm5t ( _! rules1 in/ead ( promises ( rew>ds = fulfillm5t ( !m1 ?is doctr9e call$ m5 to x only because x 0 ! tru?4 ,john vii4 #ag3 ,if any man w d ,8 w1 he %all "k ( ! doctr9e :e!r x be ( ,god4 ,john viii4 #df3 ,if ,i say ! tru?1 :y d ye n believe me8 ,b ye seek to kill me1 a man t ha? told y ! tru?4 ,ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free4 ,god is a _s1 & !y t wor%ip him mu/ wor%ip him 9 _s & 9 tru?4 ,keep my say+s1 & ye %all "k ( my say+s :e!r !y be true4 ,no pro(s ( ?is doctr9e 7 (f]$ except its tru?1 ! correspond5ce ( ! doctr9e ) ! tru?4 ,! :ole tea*+ consi/$ 9 ! recognition ( tru? & foll[+ x1 9 a great] & great] atta9m5t ( tru?1 & a clos] & clos] foll[+ ( x 9 ! acts ( life4 ,!re are no acts 9 ?is doctr9e :i* c\ld ju/ify a man & make him sav$4 ,!re is only ! image ( tru? to guide him1 = inw>d p]fection 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 & = outw>d p]fection 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,! fulfillm5t ( ?is tea*+ consi/s only 9 walk+ 9 ! *os5 way1 9 gett+ ne>] to inw>d p]fection 9 ! imitation ( ,*ri/1 & outw>d p]fection 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,! great] or less bless$ness ( a man dep5ds1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 n on ! degree ( p]fection to :i* he has atta9$1 b on ! great] or less swiftness ) :i* he is pursu+ x4 ,! progress t[>d p]fection ( ! publican ,zac*eus1 ( ! woman t 0 a s9n]1 ( ! robb] on ! cross1 is a great] /ate ( bless$ness1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 ?an ! /ation>y righte\sness ( ! ,ph>isee4 ,! lo/ %eep is de>] ?an n9ety-n9e t 7 n lo/4 ,! prodigal son1 ! piece ( money t 0 lo/ & f\nd aga91 are de>]1 m preci\s to ,god ?an ^? :i* h n be5 lo/4 ,e condition1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 is only a p>ticul> /ep 9 ! atta9m5t ( inw>d & outw>d p]fection1 & !re=e has no significance ( itself4 ,bless$ness consi/s 9 progress t[>d p]fection2 to /& /ill 9 any condition :atev] means ! cessation ( ?is bless$ness4 ,let n ?y left h& "k :at ?y "r h& doe?4 ,no man hav+ put 8 h& to ! pl[ & look+ back is fit = ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,rejoice n t ! spirits are subject to y1 b seek r t y\r names be writt5 9 heav54 ,be ye p]fect1 ev5 z y\r ,fa!r 9 heav5 is p]fect4 ,seek ye fir/ ! k+dom ( heav5 & its righte\sness4 ,! fulfillm5t ( ?is precept is only to be f\nd 9 un9t]rupt$ progress t[>d ! atta9m5t ( ev] high] tru?1 t[>d e/abli%+ m & m firmly an ev] great] love )9 oneself1 & e/abli%+ m & m widely ! k+dom ( ,god outside oneself4 ,x is obvi\s t1 appe>+ z x did 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,jewi% & hea!n _w1 su* tea*+ c\ld n be accept$ by ! majority ( m51 :o 7 liv+ a life absolutely diff]5t f :at 0 requir$ by x4 ,x is obvi\s1 too1 t ev5 = ^? by :om x 0 accept$1 x 0 s absolutely oppos$ to all _! old views t x c\ld n be compreh5sible 9 its full significance4 ,x has be5 only by a succession ( misund]/&+s1 errors1 p>tial explanations1 & ! corrections & additions ( g5]ations t ! mean+ ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e has gr[n cont9ually m & m cle> to m54 ,! ,*ri/ian view ( life has ex]t$ an influ5ce on ! ,jewi% & hea!n1 & ! hea!n & ,jewi% view ( life has1 too1 ex]t$ an influ5ce on ! ,*ri/ian4 ,& ,*ri/ianity1 z ! liv+ =ce1 has ga9$ m & m ^u ! ext9ct ,judaism & hea!nism1 & has gr[n cont9ually cle>] & cle>]1 z x fre$ itself f ! admixture ( falsehood :i* _h ov]laid x4 ,m5 w5t fur!r & fur!r 9 ! atta9m5t ( ! mean+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 & realiz$ x m & m 9 life4 ,! long] mank9d liv$1 ! cle>] & cle>] became ! mean+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 z mu/ always be ! case ) e !ory ( life4 ,succe$+ g5]ations correct$ ! errors ( _! pr$ecessors1 & grew ev] ne>] & ne>] to a compreh5sion ( ! true mean+4 ,x 0 ?us f ! v e>lie/ times ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& s1 too1 f ! e>lie/ times ( ,*ri/ianity !re 7 m5 :o began to ass]t on _! own au?ority t ! mean+ !y attribute to ! doctr9e is ! only true "o1 & z pro( br+ =w>d sup]natural occurr5ces 9 support ( ! correctness ( _! int]pretation4 ,?is 0 ! pr9cipal cause at fir/ ( ! misund]/&+ ( ! doctr9e1 & aft]w>d ( ! complete di/ortion ( x4 ,x 0 suppos$ t ,*ri/'s tea*+ 0 transmitt$ to m5 n l e o!r tru?1 b 9 a special miracul\s way4 ,?us ! tru? ( ! tea*+ 0 n prov$ by its correspond5ce ) ! ne$s ( ! m9d & ! :ole nature ( man1 b by ! miracul\s mann] ( its transmission1 :i* 0 advanc$ z an irrefutable pro( ( ! tru? ( ! int]pretation put on x4 ,?is hypo!sis orig9at$ f misund]/&+ ( ! tea*+1 & its result 0 to make x impossible to und]/& x rightly4 ,& ?is happ5$ fir/ 9 ! e>lie/ times1 :5 ! doctr9e 0 /ill n s fully und]/ood & (t5 int]pret$ wrongly1 z we see by ! ,gospels & ! ,acts4 ,! less ! doctr9e 0 und]/ood1 ! m obscure x appe>$ & ! m necess>y 7 ext]nal pro(s ( its tru?4 ,! proposition t we ought n to d unto o!rs z we w\ld n !y %\ld d unto u1 did n ne$ to be prov$ by miracles & ne$$ no ex]cise ( fai?1 because ?is proposition is 9 itself conv9c+ & 9 h>mony ) man's m9d & nature2 b ! proposition t ,*ri/ 0 ,god _h to be prov$ by miracles completely beyond our compreh5sion4 ,! m ! und]/&+ ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ 0 obscur$1 ! m ! miracul\s 0 introduc$ into x2 & ! m ! miracul\s 0 introduc$ into x1 ! m ! doctr9e 0 /ra9$ f its mean+ & ! m obscure x became2 & ! m x 0 /ra9$ f its mean+ & ! m obscure x became1 ! m /rongly its infallibility _h to be ass]t$1 & ! less compreh5sible ! doctr9e became4 ,"o c see by ! ,gospels1 ! ,acts1 & ! ,epi/les h[ f ! e>lie/ times ! non-compreh5sion ( ! doctr9e call$ =? ! ne$ = pro(s ?r\gh ! miracul\s & incompreh5sible4 ,! fir/ example 9 ! book ( ,acts is ! assembly :i* ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,j]usalem to decide ! "q :i* _h aris51 :e!r to baptize or n ! uncircumcis$ & ^? :o _h eat5 ( food sacrific$ to idols4 ,! v fact ( ?is "q be+ rais$ %[$ t ^? :o discuss$ x did n und]/& ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 :o reject$ all outw>d obs]vances--ablutions1 purifications1 fa/s1 & sabba?s4 ,x 0 pla9ly said1 ,n t :i* goe? into a man's m\?1 b t :i* come? out ( a man's m\?1 defile? him1 & !re=e ! "q ( baptiz+ ! uncircumcis$ c\ld only h aris5 among m5 :o1 ?\gh !y lov$ _! ,ma/] & dimly felt ! gr&eur ( 8 tea*+1 /ill did n und]/& ! tea*+ itself v cle>ly4 ,& ?is 0 ! fact4 ,j 9 proportion to ! failure ( ! memb]s ( ! assembly to und]/& ! doctr9e 0 _! ne$ ( ext]nal confirmation ( _! incomplete int]pretation ( x4 ,& !n to settle ?is "q1 ! v ask+ ( :i* prov$ _! misund]/&+ ( ! doctr9e1 !re 0 utt]$ 9 ?is assembly1 z is describ$ 9 ! ,acts1 t /range phrase1 :i* 0 = ! fir/ "t f\nd necess>y to give ext]nal confirmation to c]ta9 ass]tions1 & :i* has be5 productive ( s mu* evil4 ,t is1 x 0 ass]t$ t ! correctness ( :at !y _h decid$ 0 gu>ante$ by ! miracul\s p>ticipation ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 t is1 ( ,god1 9 _! decision4 ,b ! ass]tion t ! ,holy ,gho/1 t is1 ,god1 spoke ?r\gh ! ,apo/les1 9 its turn want$ pro(4 ,& ?us x 0 necess>y1 to confirm ?is1 t ! ,holy ,gho/ %\ld desc5d at ,p5teco/ 9 tongues ( fire ^u ^? :o made ?is ass]tion4 7,9 ! acc\nt ( x1 ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ prec$es ! assembly1 b ! book ( ,acts 0 writt5 mu* lat] ?an bo? ev5ts47 ,b ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ too _h to be prov$ = ^? :o _h n se5 ! tongues ( fire 7?\gh x is n easy to und]/& :y a tongue ( fire burn+ above a man's head %\ld prove t :at t man is go+ to say w be infallibly ! tru?74 ,& s arose ! necessity = /ill m miracles & *anges1 rais+s ( ! dead to life1 & /rik+s ( ! liv+ dead1 & all ^? m>vels :i* h be5 a /umbl+-block to m51 ( :i* ! ,acts is full1 & :i*1 f> f ev] conv9c+ "o ( ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 c only repel m5 f x4 ,! result ( su* a means ( confirm+ ! tru? 0 t ! m ^! confirmations ( tru? by tales ( miracles 7 heap$ up "o aft] ano!r1 ! m ! doctr9e 0 di/ort$ f its orig9al mean+1 & ! m incompreh5sible x became4 ,?us x 0 f ! e>lie/ times1 & s x w5t on1 con/antly increas+1 till x rea*$ 9 our day ! logical climax ( ! dogmas ( transub/antiation & ! infallibility ( ! ,pope1 or ( ! bi%ops1 or ( ,scripture1 & ( requir+ a bl9d fai? r5d]$ incompreh5sible & utt]ly mean+less1 n 9 ,god1 b 9 ,*ri/1 n 9 a doctr9e1 b 9 a p]son1 z 9 ,ca?olicism1 or 9 p]sons1 z 9 ,greek ,or?odoxy1 or 9 a book1 z 9 ,prote/antism4 ,! m widely ,*ri/ianity 0 diffus$1 & ! great] ! numb] ( p unprep>$ = x :o 7 br\ght "u its sway1 ! less x 0 und]/ood1 ! m absolutely 0 its infallibility insi/$ on1 & ! less possible x became to und]/& ! true mean+ ( ! doctr9e4 ,9 ! times ( ,con/ant9e ! :ole int]pretation ( ! doctr9e _h be5 already r$uc$ to a rsum--support$ by ! temporal au?ority--( ! disputes t _h tak5 place 9 ! ,c\ncil--to a cre$ :i* reckon$ (f--,i believe 9 s & s1 & s & s1 & s & s to ! end--to "o holy1 ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 :i* means ! infallibility ( ^? p]sons :o call !mselves ! ,*ur*4 ,s t x all am\nts to a man no long] believ+ 9 ,god nor ,*ri/1 z !y are reveal$ to him1 b believ+ 9 :at ! ,*ur* ord]s him to believe 94 ,b ! ,*ur* is holy2 ! ,*ur* 0 f\nd$ by ,*ri/4 ,god c\ld n leave m5 to int]pret 8 tea*+ at r&om--!re=e he f\nd$ ! ,*ur*4 ,all ^? /atem5ts are s utt]ly untrue & unf\nd$ t "o is a%am$ to refute !m4 ,n[h]e nor 9 any?+1 except 9 ! ass]tion ( ! ,*ur*1 c we f9d t ,god or ,*ri/ f\nd$ any?+ l :at ,*ur*m5 und]/& by ! ,*ur*4 ,9 ! ,gospels !re is a w>n+ aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 z x is an ext]nal au?ority1 a w>n+ mo/ cle> & obvi\s 9 ! passage :]e x is said t ,*ri/'s foll[]s %\ld call no man ma/]4 ,b n[h]e is any?+ said ( ! f\ndation ( :at ,*ur*m5 call ! ,*ur*4 ,! ^w *ur* is us$ twice 9 ! ,gospels--once 9 ! s5se ( an assembly ( m5 to decide a dispute1 ! o!r "t 9 connection ) ! obscure utt]ance ab\t a /one--,pet]1 & ! gates ( hell4 ,f ^! two passages 9 :i* ! ^w *ur* is us$1 9 ! signification m]ely ( an assembly1 has be5 d$uc$ all t we n[ und]/& by ! ,*ur*4 ,b ,*ri/ c\ld n h f\nd$ ! ,*ur*1 t is1 :at we n[ und]/& by t ^w4 ,= no?+ l ! idea ( ! ,*ur* z we "k x n[1 ) its sacram5ts1 miracles1 & above all its claim to infallibility1 is to be f\nd ei!r 9 ,*ri/'s words or 9 ! ideas ( ! m5 ( t "t4 ,! fact t m5 call$ :at 0 =m$ aft]w>d by ! same ^w z ,*ri/ us$ = some?+ totally diff]5t1 does n give !m ! "r to ass]t t ,*ri/ f\nd$ ! "o1 true ,*ur*4 ,besides1 if ,*ri/ _h really f\nd$ su* an in/itution z ! ,*ur* = ! f\ndation ( all 8 tea*+ & ! :ole fai?1 he w\ld c]ta9ly h describ$ ?is in/itution cle>ly & def9itely1 & w\ld h giv5 ! only true ,*ur*1 besides tales ( miracles1 :i* are us$ to support e k9d ( sup]/ition1 "s tok5s s unmi/akable t no d\bt ( its g5u95ess c\ld ev] h aris54 ,b no?+ ( ! sort 0 done by him4 ,& !re h be5 & /ill are diff]5t in/itutions1 ea* call+ itself ! true ,*ur*4 ,! ,ca?olic cate*ism says3 ,l'glise e/ la socit des fidles tablie p> notre ,seigneur ,jsus ,*ri/1 rp&ue sur t\te la t]re et s\mise l'au?orit des pa/eurs lgitimes1 pr9cipalem5t notre ,sa9t ,pre le ,pape1#b und]/&+ by ! words pa/eurs lgitimes an association ( m5 hav+ ! ,pope at its head1 & consi/+ ( c]ta9 individuals b\nd toge!r by a c]ta9 organization4 #b ,! ,*ur* is ! society ( ! fai?ful1 e/abli%$ by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 spread ov] ! :ole e>?1 & subject to ! au?ority ( its lawful pa/ors1 & *ief ( !m our ,holy ,fa!r ! ,pope4 ,! ,greek ,or?odox cate*ism says3 ,! ,*ur* is a society f\nd$ ^u e>? by ,jesus ,*ri/1 :i* is unit$ into "o :ole1 by "o div9e doctr9e & by sacram5ts1 "u ! rule & guidance ( a prie/hood appo9t$ by ,god1 mean+ by ! prie/hood appo9t$ by ,god ! ,greek ,or?odox prie/hood1 consi/+ ( c]ta9 individuals :o happ5 to be 9 su* or su* positions4 ,! ,lu!ran cate*ism says3 ,! ,*ur* is holy ,*ri/ianity1 or ! collection ( all believ]s "u ,*ri/1 _! head1 to :om ! ,holy ,gho/ ?r\gh ! ,gospels & sacram5ts promises1 communicates1 & adm9i/]s heav5ly salvation1 mean+ t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is lo/ 9 error1 & t ! true means ( salvation is 9 ,lu!ranism4 ,= ,ca?olics ! ,*ur* ( ,god co9cides ) ! ,roman prie/hood & ! ,pope4 ,= ! ,greek ,or?odox believ] ! ,*ur* ( ,god co9cides ) ! e/abli%m5t & prie/hood ( ,russia4#c #c ,homyakov's def9ition ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* 0 receiv$ ) "s favor among ,russians1 does n improve matt]s1 if we are to agree ) ,homyakov 9 consid]+ ! ,greek ,or?odox ,*ur* z ! "o true ,*ur*4 ,homyakov ass]ts t a *ur* is a collection ( m5 7all )\t di/9ction ( cl]gy & laym57 unit$ toge!r by love1 & t only to m5 unit$ by love is ! tru? reveal$ 7let u love ea* o!r1 t 9 ! unity ( ?\ght1 etc471 & t su* a *ur* is ! *ur* :i*1 9 ! fir/ place1 recognizes ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & 9 ! second place does n1 aft] ! division ( ! *ur*es1 recognize ! popes & new dogmas4 ,b ) su* a def9ition ( ! *ur*1 !re is /ill m difficulty 9 reconcil+1 z ,homyakov tries to d1 ! *ur* unit$ by love ) ! *ur* t recognizes ! ,nic5e ,cre$ & ! doctr9e ( ,photius4 ,s t ,homyakov's ass]tion t ?is *ur*1 unit$ by love1 & consequ5tly holy1 is ! same *ur* z ! ,greek ,or?odox prie/hood pr(ess fai? 91 is ev5 m arbitr>y ?an ! ass]tions ( ! ,ca?olics or ! ,or?odox4 ,if we admit ! idea ( a *ur* 9 ! s5se ,homyakov gives to x--t is1 a body ( m5 b\nd toge!r by love & tru?--!n all t any man c pr$icate 9 reg>d to ?is body1 if su* an "o exi/s1 is its love & tru?1 b !re c be no out] signs by :i* "o c\ld reckon oneself or ano!r z a memb] ( ?is holy body1 nor by :i* "o c\ld put anyone outside x2 s t no in/itution hav+ an ext]nal exi/5ce c correspond to ?is idea4 ,= ,lu!rans ! ,*ur* ( ,god co9cides ) a body ( m5 :o recognize ! au?ority ( ! ,bible & ,lu!r's cate*ism4 ,ord9>ily1 :5 speak+ ( ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity1 m5 belong+ to "o ( ! exi/+ *ur*es use ! ^w *ur* 9 ! s+ul>1 z ?\gh !re 7 & _h be5 only "o *ur*4 ,b ?is is absolutely incorrect4 ,! ,*ur*1 z an in/itution :i* ass]t$ t x possess$ infallible tru?1 did n make its appe>ance s+ly2 !re 7 at lea/ two *ur*es directly ?is claim 0 made4 ,:ile believ]s 7 agre$ among !mselves & ! body 0 "o1 x _h no ne$ to decl>e itself z a *ur*4 ,x 0 only :5 believ]s 7 split up into oppos+ p>ties1 r5\nc+ "o ano!r1 t x seem$ necess>y to ea* p>ty to confirm _! own tru? by ascrib+ to !mselves infallibility4 ,! conception ( "o *ur* only arose :5 !re 7 two sides divid$ & disput+1 :o ea* call$ ! o!r side h]esy1 & recogniz$ _! own side only z ! infallible *ur*4 ,if we knew t !re 0 a *ur* :i* decid$ 9 ! ye> #ea to receive ! uncircumcis$1 x is only s because !re 0 ano!r *ur*--( ! ,judai/s--:o decid$ to keep ! uncircumcis$ out4 ,if !re is a ,ca?olic ,*ur* n[ :i* ass]ts its own infallibility1 t is only because !re are *ur*es--,greco-,russian1 ,old ,or?odox1 & ,lu!ran--ea* ass]t+ its own infallibility & d5y+ t ( all o!r *ur*es4 ,s t ! "o ,*ur* is only a fanta/ic imag9ation :i* has n ! lea/ trace ( reality ab\t x4 ,z a real hi/orical fact !re has exi/$1 & /ill exi/1 sev]al bodies ( m51 ea* ass]t+ t x is ! "o ,*ur*1 f\nd$ by ,*ri/1 & t all ! o!rs :o call !mselves *ur*es are only sects & h]esies4 ,! cate*isms ( ! *ur*es ( ! mo/ _w-wide influ5ce--! ,ca?olic1 ! ,old ,or?odox1 & ! ,lu!ran--op5ly ass]t ?is4 ,9 ! ,ca?olic cate*ism x is said3 ,quels sont ceux qui sont hors de l'glise8 ,les infidles1 les hrtiques1 les s*ismatiques4#d ,! s-call$ ,greek ,or?odox are reg>d$ z s*ismatics1 ! ,lu!rans z h]etics2 s t accord+ to ! ,ca?olic cate*ism ! only p 9 ! ,*ur* are ,ca?olics4 #d ,:o are ^? :o are outside ! ,*ur*8 ,infidels1 h]etics1 & s*ismatics4 ,9 ! s-call$ ,or?odox cate*ism x is said3 ,by ! "o ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is und]/ood ! ,or?odox1 :i* rema9s fully 9 accord ) ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*4 ,z = ! ,roman ,*ur* & o!r sects 7! ,lu!rans & ! re/ !y d n ev5 dignify by ! "n ( *ur*71 !y _c be includ$ 9 ! "o true ,*ur*1 s9ce !y h !mselves sep>at$ f x4 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition ! ,ca?olics & ,lu!rans are outside ! ,*ur*1 & !re are only ,or?odox 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,lu!ran cate*ism says3 ,die wahre ,kir*e wird d>e9 erkannt1 dass 9 ihr das ,wort ,gottes laut] und re9 ohne ,m5s*5zustze gelehrt und die ,sacram5te treu na* ,*ri/i ,e9setzung gewahret w]d54#e #e ,! true ,*ur* w be kn[n by ! ,^w ( ,god be+ /udi$ cle> & unmix$ ) man's additions & ! sacram5ts be+ ma9ta9$ fai?ful to ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition all ^? :o h add$ any?+ to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ & ! apo/les1 z ! ,ca?olic & ,greek *ur*es h done1 are outside ! ,*ur*4 ,& 9 ! ,*ur* !re are only ,prote/ants4 ,! ,ca?olics ass]t t ! ,holy ,gho/ has be5 transmitt$ )\t a break 9 _! prie/hood4 ,! ,or?odox ass]t t ! same ,holy ,gho/ has be5 transmitt$ )\t a break 9 _! prie/hood4 ,! ,arians ass]t$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 transmitt$ 9 _! prie/hood 7!y ass]t$ ?is ) j z mu* "r z ! *ur*es 9 au?ority n[74 ,! ,prote/ants ( e k9d--,lu!rans1 ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 ,presbyt]ians1 ,me?odi/s1 ,sw$5borgians1 ,mormons--ass]t t ! ,holy ,gho/ is only pres5t 9 _! communities4 ,if ! ,ca?olics ass]t t ! ,holy ,gho/1 at ! "t ( ! division ( ! ,*ur* into ,arian & ,greek1 left ! ,*ur* t fell away & rema9$ 9 ! "o true ,*ur*1 ) precisely ! same "r ! ,prote/ants ( e d5om9ation c ass]t t at ! "t ( ! sep>ation ( _! ,*ur* f ! ,ca?olic ! ,holy ,gho/ left ! ,ca?olic & pass$ into ! ,*ur* !y pr(ess$4 ,& ?is is j :at !y d4 ,e *ur* traces its cre$ ?r\gh an un9t]rupt$ transmission f ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les4 ,& truly e ,*ri/ian cre$ t has be5 d]iv$ f ,*ri/ mu/ h come d[n to ! pres5t g5]ation ?r\gh a c]ta9 transmission4 ,b t does n prove t x alone ( all t has be5 transmitt$1 exclud+ all ! re/1 c be ! sole tru?1 admitt+ ( no d\bt4 ,e bran* 9 a tree comes f ! root 9 unbrok5 connection2 b ! fact t ea* bran* comes f ! "o root1 does n prove at all t ea* bran* 0 ! only "o4 ,x is precisely ! same ) ! ,*ur*4 ,e *ur* pres5ts exactly ! same pro(s ( ! succession1 & ev5 ! same miracles1 9 support ( its au!nticity1 z e o!r4 ,s t !re is b "o /rict & exact def9ition ( :at is a *ur* 7n ( some?+ fanta/ic :i* we w\ld wi% x to be1 b ( :at x is & has be5 9 reality7--a *ur* is a body ( m5 :o claim = !mselves t !y are 9 complete & sole possession ( ! tru?4 ,& ^! bodies1 hav+ 9 c\rse ( "t1 aid$ by ! support ( ! temporal au?orities1 develop$ into p[]ful in/itutions1 h be5 ! pr9cipal ob/acles to ! diffusion ( a true compreh5sion ( ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,! *ief peculi>ity :i* di/+ui%$ ,*ri/'s tea*+ f previ\s religions consi/$ 9 ! fact t ^? :o accept$ x /rove ev] m & m to compreh5d & realize its tea*+4 ,b ! ,*ur* doctr9e ass]t$ its own complete & f9al compreh5sion & realization ( x4 ,/range ?\gh x may seem to u :o h be5 br\ght up 9 ! errone\s view ( ! ,*ur* z a ,*ri/ian in/itution1 & 9 contempt = h]esy1 yet ! fact is t only 9 :at 0 call$ h]esy 0 !re any true movem5t1 t is1 true ,*ri/ianity1 & t x only ceas$ to be s :5 ^? h]esies /opp$ %ort 9 _! movem5t & also petrifi$ into ! fix$ =ms ( a *ur*4 ,&1 inde$1 :at is a h]esy8 ,read all ! !ological works "o aft] ano!r4 ,9 all ( !m h]esy is ! subject :i* fir/ pres5ts itself = def9ition2 s9ce e !ological "w deals ) ! true doctr9e ( ,*ri/ z di/+ui%$ f ! errone\s doctr9es :i* surr\nd x1 t is1 h]esies4 ,yet y w n f9d any:]e any?+ l a def9ition ( h]esy4 ,! treatm5t ( ?is subject by ! le>n$ hi/orian ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,e4 de ,press5s1 9 8 ,hi/oire du ,dogme 7,p>is1 #ahfi71 "u ! head+ ,ubi ,*ri/us1 ibi ,ecclesia1 may s]ve z an illu/ration ( ! complete abs5ce ( any?+ l a def9ition ( :at is und]/ood by ! ^w h]esy4 ,"h is :at he says 9 8 introduction 7p4 #c73 ,je sais que l'on n\s conte/e le droit de qualifi] a9si t is1 to call h]esies les t5dances qui fur5t si vivem5t combattues p> les premi]s ,pres4 ,la dsignation mme d'hrsie semble une atte9te porte la lib]t de consci5ce et de p5se4 ,n\s ne p\vons p>tag] ce scrupule1 c> il n'irait ri5 mo9s qu' enlev] au ,*ri/ianisme t\t c>actre di/9ctif4#f #f ,i "k t our "r to qualify ?us ! t5d5cies :i* 7 s actively oppos$ by ! e>ly ,fa!rs is conte/$4 ,! v use ( ! ^w h]esy seems an attack ^u lib]ty ( consci5ce & ?\ght4 ,we _c %>e ?is scruple2 = x w\ld am\nt to no?+ less ?an depriv+ ,*ri/ianity ( all di/9ctive "*4 ,& ?\gh he tells u t aft] ,con/ant9e's "t ! ,*ur* did actually abuse its p[] by designat+ ^? :o diss5t$ f x z h]etics & p]secut+ !m1 yet he says1 :5 speak+ ( e>ly times3 ,l'glise e/ une libre association2 il y a t\t pr(it se sp>] d'elle4 ,la polmique contre l'erreur n'a d'autres ress\rces que la p5se et le s5tim5t4 ,un type doctr9al uni=me n'a pas encore t labor2 les div]g5ces secondaires se produis5t en ,ori5t et en ,occid5t avec une entire lib]t2 la ?ologie n'e/ po9t lie d'inv>iables =mules4 ,si au se9 de cette div]sit app>ait un fonds commun de croyances1 n'e/-on pas en droit d'y voir non pas un sy/me =mul et compos p> les reprs5tants d'une autorit d'cole1 mais la foi elle-mme dans son in/9ct le plus sr et sa manife/ation la plus spontane8 ,si cette mme unanimit qui se rvle dans les croyances ess5tielles1 se retr\ve p\r rep\ss] telles ou telles t5dances1 ne s]ons-n\s pas en droit de conclure que ces t5dances tai5t en dsacord flagrant avec les pr9cipes fondam5taux du *ri/ianisme8 ,cette prsomption ne se trans=m]a-t-elle pas en c]titude si n\s reconnaissons dans la doctr9e univ]sellem5t rep\sse p> l',eglise les traits c>actri/iques de l'une des religions du pass8 ,p\r dire que le gno/icisme ou l'bionitisme sont les =mes lgitimes de la p5se *rti5ne il faut dire h>dim5t qu'il n'y a pas de p5se *rti5ne1 ni de c>actre spcifique qui la fasse reconnatre4 ,s\s prtexte de l'l>gir1 on la diss\t4 ,p]sonne au temps de ,platon n'et os c\vrir de son nom une doctr9e qui n'eut pas fait place la ?orie des ides2 et l'on et excit les ju/es moqu]ies de la ,grce1 en v\lant faire d',epicure ou de ,znon un disciple de l',acadmie4 ,reconnaissons donc que s'il exi/e une religion ou une doctr9e qui s'appelle *ri/ianisme1 elle peut avoir ses hrsies4#g #g ,! ,*ur* is a free association2 !re is mu* to be ga9$ by sep>ation f x4 ,conflict ) error has no weapons o!r ?an ?\ght & feel+4 ,"o uni=m type ( doctr9e has n yet be5 elaborat$2 div]g5cies 9 second>y matt]s arise freely 9 ,ea/ & ,we/2 !ology is n w$d$ to inv>iable =mulas4 ,if 9 ! mid/ ( ?is div]sity a mass ( beliefs common to all is app>5t1 is "o n ju/ifi$ 9 see+ 9 x1 n a =mulat$ sy/em1 fram$ by ! repres5tatives ( p$antic au?ority1 b fai? itself 9 its sure/ in/9ct & its mo/ spontane\s manife/ation8 ,if ! same unanimity :i* is reveal$ 9 ess5tial po9ts ( belief is f\nd also 9 reject+ c]ta9 t5d5cies1 are we n ju/ifi$ 9 conclud+ t ^! t5d5cies 7 9 flagrant opposition to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,& w n ?is presumption be trans=m$ into c]ta9ty if we recognize 9 ! doctr9e univ]sally reject$ by ! ,*ur* ! *>act]i/ic features ( "o ( ! religions ( ! pa/8 ,to say t gno/icism or ebionitism are legitimate =ms ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 "o mu/ boldly d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght at all1 or any specific "* by :i* x c\ld be recogniz$4 ,:ile o/5sibly wid5+ its realm1 "o und]m9es x4 ,no "o 9 ! "t ( ,plato w\ld h v5tur$ to give 8 "n to a doctr9e 9 :i* ! !ory ( ideas _h no place1 & "o w\ld des]v$ly h excit$ ! ridicule ( ,greece by try+ to pass (f ,epicurus or ,z5o z a disciple ( ! ,academy4 ,let u recognize1 !n1 t if a religion or a doctr9e exi/s :i* is call$ ,*ri/ianity1 x may h its h]esies4 ,! au?or's :ole argum5t am\nts to ?is3 t e op9ion :i* diff]s f ! code ( dogmas we believe 9 at a giv5 "t1 is h]esy4 ,b ( c\rse at any giv5 "t & place m5 always believe 9 some?+ or o!r2 & ?is belief 9 some?+1 indef9ite at any place1 at "s "t1 _c be a crit]ion ( tru?4 ,x all am\nts to ?is3 s9ce ubi ,*ri/us ibi ,ecclesia1 !n ,*ri/us is :]e we are4 ,e s-call$ h]esy1 reg>d+1 z x does1 its own cre$ z ! tru?1 c j z easily f9d 9 ,*ur* hi/ory a s]ies ( illu/rations ( its own cre$1 c use all ,press5s's argum5ts on its own behalf1 & c call its own cre$ ! "o truly ,*ri/ian cre$4 ,& t is j :at all h]esies d & h always done4 ,! only def9ition ( h]esy 7! ^w 1 means a "p7 is ?is3 ! "n giv5 by a body ( m5 to any op9ion :i* rejects a "p ( ! ,cre$ pr(ess$ by t body4 ,! m frequ5t mean+1 m (t5 ascrib$ to ! ^w h]esy1 is--t ( an op9ion :i* rejects ! ,*ur* doctr9e f\nd$ & support$ by ! temporal au?orities4 ,!re is a rem>kable & volum9\s "w1 v little kn[n1 ,unp>!yis*e ,kir*5- und ,ketz]-,hi/orie1 #agbi1 by ,gottfri$ ,arnold1 :i* deals ) precisely ?is subject1 & po9ts out all ! unlawfulness1 ! arbitr>9ess1 ! s5selessness1 & ! cruelty ( us+ ! ^w h]etic 9 ! s5se ( reprobate4 ,?is book is an attempt to write ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! =m ( a hi/ory ( h]esy4 ,9 ! introduction ! au?or prop\nds a s]ies ( que/ions3 7#a7 ,( ^? :o make h]etics2 7#b7 ,( ^? :om !y made h]etics2 7#c7 ,( h]etical subjects !mselves2 7#d7 ,( ! me?od ( mak+ h]etics2 & 7#e7 ,( ! object & result ( mak+ h]etics4 ,on ea* ( ^! po9ts he prop\nds t5 m que/ions1 ! answ]s to :i* he gives lat] on f ! works ( well-kn[n !ologians4 ,b he leaves ! read] to draw = himself ! pr9cipal conclusion f ! expositions 9 ! :ole book4 ,z examples ( ^! que/ions1 9 :i* ! answ]s are to "s ext5t includ$ also1 ,i w quote ! foll[+4 ,"u ! #d? head1 ( ! mann] 9 :i* h]etics are made1 he says1 9 "o ( ! que/ions 79 ! #g?73 ,does n all hi/ory %[ t ! greate/ mak]s ( h]etics & ma/]s ( t craft 7 j ^! wise m51 f :om ! ,fa!r hid 8 secrets1 t is1 ! hypocrites1 ! ,ph>isees1 & lawy]s1 m5 utt]ly godless & p]v]t$ 7,"q #bj-ba78 ,& 9 ! corrupt times ( ,*ri/ianity 7 n ^! v m5 ca/ out1 d5\nc$ by ! hypocrites & envi\s1 :o 7 end[$ by ,god ) great gifts & :o w\ld 9 ! days ( pure ,*ri/ianity h be5 held 9 high honor8 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld n ! m5 :o1 9 ! decl9e ( ,*ri/ianity rais$ !mselves above all1 & reg>d$ !mselves z ! tea*]s ( ! pure/ ,*ri/ianity1 w\ld n ^! v m51 9 ! times ( ! apo/les & disciples ( ,*ri/1 h be5 reg>d$ z ! mo/ %ameless h]etics & anti-,*ri/ians8 ,he exp\nds1 among o!r ?+s 9 ^! que/ions1 ! !ory t any v]bal expression ( fai?1 su* z 0 dem&$ by ! ,*ur*1 & ! dep>ture f :i* 0 reckon$ z h]esy1 c\ld nev] fully cov] ! exact religi\s ideas ( a believ]1 & t !re=e ! dem& = an expression ( fai? 9 c]ta9 words 0 ev] productive ( h]esy1 & he says1 9 ,"q #ba3 ,& if heav5ly ?+s & ?\ghts pres5t !mselves to a man's m9d z s great & s pr(\nd t he does n f9d correspond+ words to express !m1 ought "o to call him a h]etic1 because he _c express 8 idea ) p]fect exactness8 ,& 9 ,"q #cc3 ,& is n ! fact t !re 0 no h]esy 9 ! e>lie/ days due to ! fact t ! ,*ri/ians did n judge "o ano!r by v]bal expressions1 b by de$ & by he>t1 s9ce !y _h p]fect lib]ty to express _! ideas )\t ! dread ( be+ call$ h]etics2 0 x n ! easie/ & mo/ ord9>y ecclesia/ical proce$+1 if ! cl]gy want$ to get rid ( or to ru9 anyone1 = !m to ca/ suspicion on ! p]son's belief1 & to ?r[ a cloak ( h]esy ^u him1 & by ?is means to procure 8 condemnation & removal8 ,true ?\gh x may be t !re 7 s9s & errors among ! s-call$ h]etics1 x is no less true & evid5t1 he says f>!r on1 f ! innum]able examples quot$ "h 7i4 e41 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* & ( h]esy71 t !re 0 n a s+le s9c]e & consci5ti\s man ( any importance :om ! ,*ur*m5 w\ld n f envy or o!r causes h ru9$4 ,?us1 almo/ two hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! real mean+ ( h]esy 0 und]/ood4 ,& not)/&+ t1 ! same conception ( x has gone on exi/+ up to n[4 ,& x _c fail to exi/ s long z ! conception ( a *ur* exi/s4 ,h]esy is ! obv]se side ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:]ev] !re is a *ur*1 !re mu/ be ! conception ( h]esy4 ,a *ur* is a body ( m5 :o ass]t t !y are 9 possession ( infallible tru?4 ,h]esy is ! op9ion ( ! m5 :o d n admit ! infallibility ( ! ,*ur*'s tru?4 ,h]esy makes its appe>ance 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,x is ! ef=t to break ?r\gh ! petrifi$ au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,all ef=t aft] a liv+ compreh5sion ( ! doctr9e has be5 made by h]etics4 ,t]tullian1 ,orig51 ,augu/9e1 ,lu!r1 ,huss1 ,savon>ola1 ,hel*itsky1 & ! re/ 7 h]etics4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,! foll[] ( ,*ri/1 ^: s]vice means an ev]-gr[+ und]/&+ ( 8 tea*+1 & an ev]-clos] fulfillm5t ( x1 9 progress t[>d p]fection1 _c1 j because he is a foll[] ( ,*ri/1 claim = himself or any o!r t he und]/&s ,*ri/'s tea*+ fully & fulfills x4 ,/ill less c he claim ?is = any body ( m54 ,to :atev] degree ( und]/&+ & p]fection ! foll[] ( ,*ri/ may h atta9$1 he always feels ! insuffici5cy ( 8 und]/&+ & fulfillm5t ( x1 & is always /riv+ t[>d a full] und]/&+ & fulfillm5t4 ,& !re=e1 to ass]t ( "o's self or ( any body ( m51 t "o is or !y are 9 possession ( p]fect und]/&+ & fulfillm5t ( ,*ri/'s ^w1 is to r5\nce ! v _s ( ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! *ur*es z *ur*es h always be51 & _c b be1 in/itutions n only ali5 9 _s to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 b ev5 directly antagoni/ic to x4 ,) good reason ,voltaire calls ! ,*ur* l'infme2 ) good reason h all or almo/ all s-call$ sects ( ,*ri/ians recogniz$ ! ,*ur* z ! sc>let woman =etold 9 ! ,apocalypse2 ) good reason is ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ! hi/ory ( ! greate/ cruelties & horrors4 ,! *ur*es z *ur*es are n1 z _m p suppose1 in/itutions :i* h ,*ri/ian pr9ciples = _! basis1 ev5 ?\gh !y may h /ray$ a little away f ! /raight pa?4 ,! *ur*es z *ur*es1 z bodies :i* ass]t _! own infallibility1 are in/itutions oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re is n only no?+ 9 common betwe5 ! *ur*es z su* & ,*ri/ianity1 except ! "n1 b !y repres5t two pr9ciples fundam5tally oppos$ & antagoni/ic to "o ano!r4 ,"o repres5ts pride1 viol5ce1 self-ass]tion1 /agnation1 & dea?2 ! o!r1 meekness1 p5it5ce1 humility1 progress1 & life4 ,we _c s]ve ^! two ma/]s2 we h to *oose betwe5 !m4 ,! s]vants ( ! *ur*es ( all d5om9ations1 especially ( lat] times1 try to %[ !mselves *ampions ( progress 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y make concessions1 wi% to correct ! abuses t h slipp$ into ! ,*ur*1 & ma9ta9 t "o _c1 on acc\nt ( ^! abuses1 d5y ! pr9ciple itself ( a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 :i* alone c b9d all m5 toge!r 9 unity & be a m$iator betwe5 m5 & ,god4 ,b ?is is all a mi/ake4 ,n only h ! *ur*es nev] b\nd m5 toge!r 9 unity2 !y h always be5 "o ( ! pr9cipal causes ( division betwe5 m51 ( _! hatr$ ( "o ano!r1 ( w>s1 battles1 inquisitions1 massacres ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 & s on4 ,& ! *ur*es h nev] s]v$ z m$iators betwe5 m5 & ,god4 ,su* m$iation is n want$1 & 0 directly =bidd5 by ,*ri/1 :o has reveal$ 8 tea*+ directly & imm$iately to ea* man4 ,b ! *ur*es set up dead =ms 9 ! place ( ,god1 & f> f reveal+ ,god1 !y obscure him f m5's sight4 ,! *ur*es1 :i* orig9at$ f misund]/&+ ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ & h ma9ta9$ ?is misund]/&+ by _! immovability1 _c b p]secute & refuse to recognize all true und]/&+ ( ,*ri/'s words4 ,!y try to conceal ?is1 b 9 va92 = e /ep =w>d along ! pa? po9t$ out = u by ,*ri/ is a /ep t[>d _! de/ruction4 ,to he> & to read ! s]mons & articles 9 :i* ,*ur* writ]s ( lat] times ( all d5om9ations speak ( ,*ri/ian tru?s & virtues2 to he> or read ^! skillful argum5ts t h be5 elaborat$ dur+ c5turies1 & exhortations & pr(essions1 :i* sometimes seem l s9c]e pr(essions1 "o is ready to d\bt :e!r ! *ur*es c be antagoni/ic to ,*ri/ianity4 ,x _c be1 "o says1 t ^! p :o c po9t to su* m5 z ,*ryso/om1 ,fnelon1 ,butl]1 & o!rs pr(ess+ ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 7 antagoni/ic to ,*ri/ianity4 ,"o is tempt$ to say1 ,! *ur*es may h /ray$ away f ,*ri/ianity1 !y may be 9 error1 b !y _c be ho/ile to x4 ,b we mu/ look to ! fruit to judge ! tree1 z ,*ri/ taught u4 ,& if we see t _! fruits 7 evil1 t ! results ( _! activity 7 antagoni/ic to ,*ri/ianity1 we _c b admit t h[ev] good ! m5 7--! "w ( ! ,*ur* 9 :i* ^! m5 took "p 0 n ,*ri/ian4 ,! goodness & wor? ( ^! m5 :o s]v$ ! *ur*es 0 ! goodness & wor? ( ! m51 & n ( ! in/itution !y s]v$4 ,all ! good m51 su* z ,francis ( ,assisi1 & ,francis ( ,sales1 our ,tihon ,zadonsky1 ,?omas ,kempis1 & o!rs1 7 good m5 9 spite ( _! s]v+ an in/itution ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity1 & !y w\ld h be5 /ill bett] if !y _h n be5 "u ! influ5ce ( ! error :i* !y 7 s]v+4 ,b :y %\ld we speak ( ! pa/ & judge f ! pa/1 :i* may h be5 misrepres5t$ & misund]/ood by u8 ,! *ur*es1 ) _! pr9ciples & _! practice1 are n a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,! *ur*es are be=e u to-day1 & we c judge ( !m to "s purpose by _! practical activity1 _! influ5ce on m54 ,:at is ! practical "w ( ! *ur*es to-day8 ,:at is _! influ5ce ^u m58 ,:at is done by ! *ur*es among u1 among ! ,ca?olics & ! ,prote/ants ( all d5om9ations--:at is _! practical "w8 & :at are ! results ( _! practical "w8 ,! practice ( our ,russian s-call$ ,or?odox ,*ur* is pla9 to all4 ,x is an enorm\s fact :i* !re is no possibility ( hid+ & ab\t :i* !re c be no disput+4 ,:at con/itutes ! practical "w ( ?is ,russian ,*ur*1 ?is imm5se1 int5sely active in/itution1 :i* consi/s ( a regim5t ( half a million m5 & co/s ! p t5s ( millions ( rubles8 ,! practical bus9ess ( ! ,*ur* consi/s 9 in/ill+ by e conceivable means into ! mass ( "o hundr$ millions ( ! ,russian p ^? ext9ct relics ( beliefs = :i* !re is n[adays no k9d ( ju/ification1 9 :i* sc>cely anyone n[ believes1 & (t5 n ev5 ^? ^: duty x is to diffuse ^! false beliefs4 ,to in/ill into ! p ! =mulas ( ,byzant9e !ology1 ( ! ,tr9ity1 ( ! ,"m ( ,god1 ( ,sacram5ts1 ( ,grace1 & s on1 ext9ct conceptions1 =eign to u1 & hav+ no k9d ( mean+ = m5 ( our times1 =ms only "o "p ( ! "w ( ! ,russian ,*ur*4 ,ano!r "p ( its practice consi/s 9 ! ma9t5ance ( idol-wor%ip 9 ! mo/ lit]al mean+ ( ! ^w2 9 ! v5]ation ( holy relics1 & ( ikons1 ! (f]+ ( sacrifices to !m1 & ! expectation ( _! answ]s to pray]4 ,i am n go+ to speak ( :at is prea*$ & :at is writt5 by cl]gy ( sci5tific or lib]al t5d5cies 9 ! !ological j\rnals4 ,i am go+ to speak ( :at is actually done by ! cl]gy ?r\gh ! wide expanse ( ! ,russian l& among a p ( "o hundr$ millions4 ,:at d !y1 dilig5tly1 assidu\sly1 ev]y:]e alike1 )\t int]mission1 tea* ! p8 ,:at d !y dem& f ! p 9 virtue ( _! 7s-call$7 ,*ri/ian fai?8 ,i w beg9 f ! beg9n+ ) ! bir? ( a *ild4 ,at ! bir? ( a *ild !y tea* !m t !y mu/ recite a pray] ov] ! *ild & "m to purify !m1 z ?\gh )\t ?is pray] ! "m ( a newborn *ild 7 unclean4 ,to d ?is ! prie/ holds ! *ild 9 8 arms be=e ! images ( ! sa9ts 7call$ by ! p pla9ly gods7 & reads words ( exorciz+ p[]1 & ?is purifies ! "m4 ,!n x is sugge/$ to ! p>5ts1 & ev5 exact$ ( !m1 "u fe> ( puni%m5t = non-fulfillm5t1 t ! *ild mu/ be baptiz$2 t is1 be dipp$ by ! prie/ ?ree times into ! wat]1 :ile c]ta9 words1 und]/ood by no "o1 are read al\d1 & c]ta9 actions1 /ill less und]/ood1 are p]=m$2 v>i\s p>ts ( ! body are rubb$ ) oil1 & ! hair is cut1 :ile ! sponsors bl[ & spit at an imag9>y devil4 ,all ?is is necess>y to purify ! *ild & to make him a ,*ri/ian4 ,!n x is in/ill$ into ! p>5ts t !y ought to adm9i/] ! sacram5t to ! *ild1 t is1 give him1 9 ! guise ( bread & w9e1 a portion ( ,*ri/'s body to eat1 z a result ( :i* ! *ild receives ! grace ( ,god )9 x1 & s on4 ,!n x is sugge/$ t ! *ild z x gr[s up mu/ be taught to pray4 ,to pray means to place himself directly be=e ! wood5 bo>ds on :i* are pa9t$ ! faces ( ,*ri/1 ! ,"m ( ,god1 & ! sa9ts1 to b[ 8 head & 8 :ole body1 & to t\* 8 =ehead1 8 %\ld]s & 8 /oma* ) 8 "r h&1 hold+ 8 f+]s 9 a c]ta9 position1 & to utt] "s words ( ,slavonic1 ! mo/ usual ( :i* z taught to all *ildr5 are3 ,"m ( ,god1 virg91 rejoice !e1 etc41 etc4 ,!n x is in/ill$ into ! *ild z x is br\ght up t at ! sight ( any *ur* or ikon he mu/ repeat ! same action--i4 e41 cross himself4 ,!n x is in/ill$ into him t on holidays 7holidays are ! days on :i* ,*ri/ 0 born1 ?\gh no "o kn[s :5 t 01 on :i* he 0 circumcis$1 on :i* ! ,"m ( ,god di$1 on :i* ! cross 0 c>ri$ 9 procession1 on :i* ikons h be5 set up1 on :i* a lunatic saw a vision1 & s on7--on holidays he mu/ dress himself 9 8 be/ clo!s & g to *ur*1 & mu/ buy c&les & place !m !re be=e ! images ( ! sa9ts4 ,!n he mu/ give (f]+s & pray]s = ! dead1 & little loaves to be cut up into ?ree-corn]$ pieces1 & mu/ pray _m times = ! heal? & prosp]ity ( ! ,tz> & ! bi%ops1 & = himself & 8 own affairs1 & !n kiss ! cross & ! h& ( ! prie/4 ,besides ^! obs]vances1 x is in/ill$ into him t at lea/ once a ye> he mu/ confess4 ,to confess means to g to ! *ur* & to tell ! prie/ 8 s9s1 on ! !ory t ?is in=m+ a /rang] ( 8 s9s completely purifies him f !m4 ,& aft] t he mu/ eat ) a little spoon a morsel ( bread ) w9e1 :i* w purify him /ill m4 ,next x is in/ill$ into him t if a man & woman want _! physical union to be sanctifi$ !y mu/ g to *ur*1 put on metal cr[ns1 dr9k c]ta9 potions1 walk ?ree times r\nd a table to ! s\nd ( s++1 & t !n ! physical union ( a man & woman becomes sacr$ & altoge!r diff]5t f all o!r su* unions4 ,fur!r x is in/ill$ into him 9 8 life t he mu/ obs]ve ! foll[+ rules3 n to eat butt] or milk on c]ta9 days1 & on c]ta9 o!r days to s+ ,te ,deums & requiems = ! dead1 on holidays to ent]ta9 ! prie/ & give him money1 & sev]al times 9 ! ye> to br+ ! ikons f ! *ur*1 & to c>ry !m slung on 8 %\ld]s ?r\gh ! fields & h\ses4 ,x is in/ill$ into him t on 8 dea?-b$ a man mu/ n fail to eat bread & w9e ) a spoon1 & t x w be /ill bett] if he has "t to be rubb$ ) sacr$ oil4 ,?is w gu>antee 8 welf>e 9 ! future life4 ,aft] 8 dea? x is in/ill$ into 8 relatives t x is a good ?+ = ! salvation ( ! dead man to place a pr9t$ pap] ( pray]s 9 8 h&s2 x is a good ?+ fur!r to read al\d a c]ta9 book ov] ! dead body1 & to pron\nce ! dead man's "n 9 *ur* at a c]ta9 "t4 ,all ?is is reg>d$ z fai? obligatory on ev]yone4 ,b if anyone wants to take p>ticul> c>e ( 8 s\l1 !n accord+ to ?is fai? he is in/ruct$ t ! greate/ security ( ! salvation ( ! s\l 9 ! _w is atta9$ by (f]+ money to ! *ur*es & mona/]ies1 & engag+ ! holy m5 by ?is means to pray = him4 ,ent]+ mona/]ies too1 & kiss+ relics & miracul\s ikons1 are fur!r means ( salvation = ! s\l4 ,accord+ to ?is fai? ikons & relics communicate a special sanctity1 p[]1 & grace1 & ev5 proximity to ^! objects1 t\*+ !m1 kiss+ !m1 putt+ c&les be=e !m1 crawl+ "u !m :ile !y are be+ c>ri$ along1 are all efficaci\s = salvation1 z well z ,te ,deums repeat$ be=e ^! holy ?+s4 ,s ?is1 & no?+ else1 is ! fai? call$ ,or?odox1 t is ! actual fai? :i*1 "u ! guise ( ,*ri/ianity1 has be5 ) all ! =ces ( ! ,*ur*1 & is n[ ) especial zeal1 in/ill$ into ! p4 ,& let no "o say t ! ,or?odox tea*]s place ! ess5tial "p ( _! tea*+ 9 some?+ else1 & t all ^! are only anci5t =ms1 :i* x is n ?\ght necess>y to d away )4 ,t is false4 ,?is1 & no?+ b ?is1 is ! fai? taught ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,russia by ! :ole ( ! ,russian cl]gy1 & ( late ye>s ) especial zeal4 ,!re is no?+ else taught4 ,some?+ diff]5t may be talk$ ( & writt5 ( 9 ! capitals2 b among ! hundr$ millions ( ! p ?is is :at is done1 ?is is :at is taught1 & no?+ m4 ,*ur*m5 may talk ( some?+ else1 b ?is is :at !y tea* by e means 9 _! p[]4 ,all ?is1 & ! wor%ip ( relics & ( ikons1 has be5 introduc$ into works ( !ology & into ! cate*isms4 ,?us !y tea* x to ! p 9 !ory & 9 practice1 us+ e res\rce ( au?ority1 solemnity1 pomp1 & viol5ce to impress !m4 ,!y compel ! p1 by ov]aw+ !m1 to believe 9 ?is1 & jeal\sly gu>d ?is fai? f any attempt to free ! p f ^! b>b>\s sup]/itions4 ,z ,i said :5 ,i publi%$ my book1 ,*ri/'s tea*+ & 8 v words ab\t non-resi/ance to evil 7 = _m ye>s a subject = ridicule & l[ je/+ 9 my eyes1 & ,*ur*m51 f> f oppos+ x1 ev5 enc\rag$ ?is sc(f+ at sacr$ ?+s4 ,b try ! exp]im5t ( say+ a disrespectful ^w ab\t a hide\s idol :i* is c>ri$ sacrilegi\sly ab\t ,mosc[ by drunk5 m5 "u ! "n ( ! ikon ( ! ,iv]sky virg91 & y w raise a groan ( indignation f ^! same ,*ur*m54 ,all t !y prea* is an ext]nal obs]vance ( ! rites ( idolatry4 ,& let x n be said t ! "o does n h9d] ! o!r1 t ,^! ought ye to h done1 & n to leave ! o!r undone4 ,all1 !re=e1 :atsoev] !y bid y obs]ve1 t obs]ve & d2 b d n ye aft] _! works3 = !y say1 & d n 7,matt4 xxiii4 #bc1 #c74 ,?is 0 spok5 ( ! ,ph>isees1 :o fulfill$ all ! ext]nal obs]vances prescrib$ by ! law1 & !re=e ! words :atsoev] !y bid y obs]ve1 t obs]ve & d1 ref] to works ( m]cy & goodness1 & ! words d n ye aft] _! works1 = !y say & d n1 ref] to _! obs]vance ( c]emonies & _! neglect ( good works1 & h exactly ! opposite mean+ to t :i* ! ,*ur*m5 try to give to ! passage1 int]pret+ x z an injunction to obs]ve c]emonies4 ,ext]nal obs]vances & ! s]vice ( tru? & goodness are = ! mo/ "p difficult to comb9e2 ! "o excludes ! o!r4 ,s x 0 ) ! ,ph>isees1 s x is n[ ) ,*ur* ,*ri/ians4 ,if a man c be sav$ by ! r$emption1 by sacram5ts1 & by pray]1 !n he does n ne$ good works4 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 or ! ,cre$4 ,"o _c believe 9 bo?4 ,& ,*ur*m5 h *os5 ! latt]4 ,! ,cre$ is taught & is read z a pray] 9 ! *ur*es1 b ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is exclud$ ev5 f ! ,gospel passages read 9 ! *ur*es1 s t ! congregation nev] he>s x 9 *ur*1 except on ^? days :5 ! :ole ( ! ,gospel is read4 ,inde$1 x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,p :o believe 9 a wick$ & s5seless ,god--:o has curs$ ! human race & devot$ 8 own ,son to sacrifice1 & a "p ( mank9d to et]nal torm5t--_c believe 9 ! ,god ( love4 ,! man :o believes 9 a ,god1 9 a ,*ri/ com+ aga9 9 glory to judge & to puni% ! quick & ! dead1 _c believe 9 ! ,*ri/ :o bade u turn ! left *eek1 judge n1 =give ^? t wrong u1 & love our enemies4 ,! man :o believes 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! sacr$ "* ( ,david1 :o comm&$ on 8 dea?b$ ! murd] ( an old man :o _h curs$ him1 & :om he c\ld n kill himself because he 0 b\nd by an oa? to him1 & ! simil> atrocities ( :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t is full1 _c believe 9 ! holy love ( ,*ri/4 ,! man :o believes 9 ! ,*ur*'s doctr9e ( ! compatibility ( w>f>e & capital puni%m5t ) ,*ri/ianity _c believe 9 ! bro!rhood ( all m54 ,& :at is mo/ important ( all--! man :o believes 9 salvation ?r\gh fai? 9 ! r$emption or ! sacram5ts1 _c devote all 8 p[]s to realiz+ ,*ri/'s moral tea*+ 9 8 life4 ,! man :o has be5 in/ruct$ by ! ,*ur* 9 ! pr(ane doctr9e t a man _c be sav$ by 8 own p[]s1 b t !re is ano!r means ( salvation1 w infallibly rely ^u ?is means & n on 8 own p[]s1 :i*1 !y assure him1 x is s9ful to tru/ 94 ,! tea*+ ( e ,*ur*1 ) its r$emption & sacram5ts1 excludes ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/2 mo/ ( all ! tea*+ ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur* ) its idolatr\s obs]vances4 ,b ! p h always believ$ ( _! own accord z !y believe n[1 w be said 9 answ] to ?is4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,russian p proves x4 ,"o _c deprive ! p ( _! traditions4 ,?is /atem5t1 too1 is mislead+4 ,! p did c]ta9ly at "o "t believe 9 some?+ l :at ! ,*ur* believes 9 n[1 ?\gh x 0 f> f be+ ! same ?+4 ,9 spite ( _! sup]/iti\s reg>d = ikons1 h\se-spirits1 relics1 & fe/ivals ) wrea?s ( bir* leaves1 !re has /ill always be5 9 ! p a pr(\nd moral & liv+ und]/&+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* !re has nev] be5 9 ! ,*ur* z a :ole1 & :i* is only met ) 9 its be/ repres5tatives4 ,b ! p1 not)/&+ all ! prejudices in/ill$ into !m by ! gov]nm5t & ! ,*ur*1 h 9 _! be/ repres5tatives long outgr[n t crude /age ( und]/&+1 a fact :i* is prov$ by ! spr++ up ev]y:]e ( ! rationali/ sects ) :i* ,russia is sw>m+ to-day1 & on :i* ,*ur*m5 are n[ c>ry+ on an ineffectual w>f>e4 ,! p are advanc+ to a consci\sness ( ! moral1 liv+ side ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& !n ! ,*ur* comes =w>d1 n borr[+ f ! p1 b zeal\sly in/ill+ into !m ! petrifi$ =malities ( an ext9ct paganism1 & /riv+ to ?ru/ !m back aga9 into ! d>kness f :i* !y are em]g+ ) su* ef=t4 ,we tea* ! p no?+ new1 no?+ b :at !y believe1 only 9 a m p]fect =m1 say ! ,*ur*m54 ,?is is j :at ! man did :o ti$ up ! full-gr[n *ick5 & ?ru/ x back into ! %ell x _h come out (4 ,i h (t5 be5 irritat$1 ?\gh x w\ld be comic if ! consequ5ces 7 n s awful1 by obs]v+ h[ m5 %ut "o ano!r 9 a delusion & _c get out ( ?is magic circle4 ,! fir/ "q1 ! fir/ d\bt ( a ,russian :o is beg9n+ to ?9k1 is a "q ab\t ! ikons1 & /ill m ! miracul\s relics3 ,is x true t !y are g5u9e1 & t miracles are work$ ?r\gh !m8 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( m5 put ?is "q to !mselves1 & _! pr9cipal difficulty 9 answ]+ x is ! fact t bi%ops1 metropolitans1 & all m5 9 positions ( au?ority kiss ! relics & wond]-work+ ikons4 ,ask ! bi%ops & m5 9 positions ( au?ority :y !y d s1 & !y w say !y d x = ! sake ( ! p1 :ile ! p kiss !m because ! bi%ops & m5 9 au?ority d s4 ,9 spite ( all ! ext]nal v>ni% ( mod]nity1 le>n+1 & spirituality :i* ! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* beg9 n[adays to assume 9 _! works1 _! articles1 _! !ological j\rnals1 & _! s]mons1 ! practical "w ( ! ,russian ,*ur* consi/s ( no?+ m ?an keep+ ! p 9 _! pres5t condition ( co>se & savage idolatry1 & worse /ill1 /r5g!n+ & diffus+ sup]/ition & religi\s ignorance1 & suppress+ t liv+ und]/&+ ( ,*ri/ianity :i* exi/s 9 ! p side by side ) idolatry4 ,i rememb] once be+ pres5t 9 ! monks' book%op ( ! ,opt*y ,h]mitage :ile an old peasant 0 *oos+ books = 8 gr&son1 :o c\ld read4 ,a monk press$ on him acc\nts ( relics1 holidays1 miracul\s ikons1 a psalt]1 etc4 ,i ask$ ! old man1 ,has he ! ,gospel8 ,no4 ,give him ! ,gospel 9 ,russian1 ,i said to ! monk4 ,t w n d = him1 answ]$ ! monk4 ,!re y h an epitome ( ! "w ( our ,*ur*4 ,b ?is is only 9 b>b>\s ,russia1 ! ,european & ,am]ican read] w obs]ve4 ,& su* an obs]vation is j1 b only s f> z x ref]s to ! gov]nm5t1 :i* aids ! ,*ur* 9 its task ( /ultification & corruption 9 ,russia4 ,x is true t !re is n[h]e 9 ,europe a gov]nm5t s despotic & s closely alli$ ) ! rul+ ,*ur*4 ,& !re=e ! %>e ( ! temporal p[] 9 ! corruption ( ! p is greate/ 9 ,russia4 ,b x is untrue t ! ,russian ,*ur* 9 its influ5ce on ! p is 9 any respect diff]5t f any o!r *ur*4 ,! *ur*es are ev]y:]e ! same1 & if ! ,ca?olic1 ! ,anglican1 or ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* has n at h& a gov]nm5t z compliant z ! ,russian1 x is n due to any indisposition to pr(it by su* a gov]nm5t4 ,! ,*ur* z a *ur*1 :atev] x may be--,ca?olic1 ,anglican1 ,lu!ran1 ,presbyt]ian--e *ur*1 9 s f> z x is a *ur*1 _c b /rive = ! same object z ! ,russian ,*ur*4 ,t object is to conceal ! real mean+ ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ & to replace x by _! own1 :i* lays no obligation on !m1 excludes ! possibility ( und]/&+ ! true tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 & :at is ! *ief consid]ation1 ju/ifies ! exi/5ce ( prie/s support$ at ! p's exp5se4 ,:at else has ,ca?olicism done1 :at else is x do+ 9 its prohibition ( read+ ! ,gospel1 & 9 its dem& = unreason+ submission to ,*ur* au?orities & to an infallible ,pope8 ,is ! religion ( ,ca?olicism any o!r ?an t ( ! ,russian ,*ur*8 ,!re is ! same ext]nal ritual1 ! same relics1 miracles1 & wond]-work+ images ( ,notre ,dame1 & ! same processions2 ! same l(tily vague discussions ( ,*ri/ianity 9 books & s]mons1 & :5 x comes to practice1 ! same support+ ( ! pres5t idolatry4 ,& is n ! same ?+ done 9 ,anglicanism1 ,lu!ranism1 & e d5om9ation ( ,prote/antism :i* has be5 =m$ into a *ur*8 ,!re is ! same duty laid on _! congregations to believe 9 ! dogmas express$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 :i* h lo/ all mean+ = m5 ( our times1 & ! same duty ( idolatr\s wor%ip1 if n ( relics & ikons1 !n ( ! ,sabba? ,day & ! lett] ( ! ,bible4 ,!re is always ! same activity direct$ to conceal+ ! real duties ( ,*ri/ianity1 & to putt+ 9 _! place an ext]nal respectability & cant1 z x is s well describ$ by ! ,engli%1 :o are peculi>ly oppress$ by x4 ,9 ,prote/antism ?is t5d5cy is specially rem>kable because x has n ! excuse ( antiquity4 ,& does n exactly ! same ?+ %[ itself ev5 9 contempor>y revivalism--! reviv$ ,calv9ism & ,evangelicalism1 to :i* ! ,salvation ,army owes its orig98 ,uni=m is ! attitude ( all ! *ur*es to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 ^: "n !y assume = _! own advantage4 ,! inconsi/5cy ( all *ur* =ms ( religion ) ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ is1 ( c\rse1 ! reason :y special ef=ts are necess>y to conceal ?is inconsi/5cy f p4 ,truly1 we ne$ only imag9e ourselves 9 ! position ( any gr[n-up man1 n necess>ily educat$1 ev5 ! simple/ man ( ! pres5t day1 :o has pick$ up ! ideas t are ev]y:]e 9 ! air n[adays ( geology1 physics1 *emi/ry1 cosmography1 or hi/ory1 :5 he1 = ! fir/ "t1 consci\sly comp>es !m ) ! articles ( belief in/ill$ into him 9 *ildhood1 & ma9ta9$ by ! *ur*es--t ,god creat$ ! _w 9 six days1 & light be=e ! sun2 t ,noah %ut up all ! animals 9 8 ark1 & s on2 t ,jesus is also ,god ! ,son1 :o creat$ all be=e "t 02 t ?is ,god came d[n ^u e>? to atone = ,adam's s92 t he rose aga91 asc5d$ into heav51 & sitte? on ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 & w come 9 ! cl\ds to judge ! _w1 & s on4 ,all ^! propositions1 elaborat$ by m5 ( ! f\r? c5tury1 _h a c]ta9 mean+ = m5 ( t "t1 b = m5 ( to-day !y h no mean+ :atev]4 ,m5 ( ! pres5t day c repeat ^! words ) _! lips1 b believe !m !y _c4 ,= su* s5t5ces z t ,god lives 9 heav51 t ! heav5s op5$ & a voice f some:]e said some?+1 t ,*ri/ rose aga91 & asc5d$ some:]e 9 heav51 & aga9 w come f some:]e on ! cl\ds1 & s on1 h no mean+ = u4 ,a man :o reg>d$ ! heav5s z a solid1 f9ite vault c\ld believe or disbelieve t ,god creat$ ! heav5s1 t ! heav5s op5$1 t ,*ri/ asc5d$ into heav51 b = u all ^! phrases h no s5se :atev]4 ,m5 ( ! pres5t c only believe1 z inde$ !y d1 t !y ought to believe 9 ?is2 b believe x !y _c1 because x has no mean+ = !m4 ,ev5 if all ^! phrases ought to be int]pret$ 9 a figurative s5se & are allegories1 we "k t 9 ! fir/ place all ,*ur*m5 are n agre$ ab\t x1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! majority /ick to und]/&+ ! ,holy ,scripture 9 its lit]al s5se2 & secondly1 t ^! allegorical int]pretations are v v>i$ & are n support$ by any evid5ce4 ,b ev5 if a man wants to =ce himself to believe 9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* j z !y are taught to him1 ! univ]sal diffusion ( education & ( ! ,gospel & ( communication betwe5 p ( diff]5t =ms ( religion pres5ts a /ill m insurm\ntable ob/acle to 8 do+ s4 ,a man ( ! pres5t day ne$ only buy a ,gospel = ?ree copecks & read ?r\gh ! pla9 words1 admitt+ ( no mis9t]pretation1 t ,*ri/ said to ! ,sam>itan woman t ! ,fa!r seeke? n wor%ip]s at ,j]usalem1 nor 9 ?is m\nta9 nor 9 t1 b wor%ip]s 9 _s & 9 tru?1 or ! say+ t ! ,*ri/ian mu/ n pray l ! hea!n1 nor = %[1 b secretly1 t is1 9 8 closet1 or t ,*ri/'s foll[] mu/ call no man ma/] or fa!r--he ne$ only read ^! words to be ?or\ghly conv9c$ t ! ,*ur* pa/ors1 :o call !mselves tea*]s 9 opposition to ,*ri/'s precept1 & dispute among !mselves1 con/itute no k9d ( au?ority1 & t :at ! ,*ur*m5 tea* u is n ,*ri/ianity4 ,less ev5 ?an t is necess>y4 ,ev5 if a man n[adays did cont9ue to believe 9 miracles & did n read ! ,gospel1 m]e association ) p ( diff]5t =ms ( religion & fai?1 :i* happ5s s easily 9 ^! days1 compels him to d\bt ( ! tru? ( 8 own fai?4 ,x 0 all v well :5 a man did n see m5 ( any o!r =m ( religion ?an 8 own2 he believ$ t 8 =m ( religion 0 ! "o true "o4 ,b a ?9k+ man has only to come into contact--z con/antly happ5s 9 ^! days--) p1 equally good & bad1 ( diff]5t d5om9ations1 :o condemn ea* o!r's beliefs1 to d\bt ( ! tru? ( ! belief he pr(esses himself4 ,9 ^! days only a man :o is absolutely ignorant or absolutely indiff]5t to ! vital que/ions ) :i* religion deals1 c rema9 9 ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:at deceptions & :at /r5u\s ef=ts ! *ur*es mu/ employ to cont9ue1 9 spite ( all ^! t5d5cies subv]sive ( ! fai?1 to build *ur*es1 to p]=m masses1 to prea*1 to tea*1 to conv]t1 &1 mo/ ( all1 to receive = x all imm5se emolum5ts1 z d all ^! prie/s1 pa/ors1 incumb5ts1 sup]9t5d5ts1 abbots1 ar*deacons1 bi%ops1 & ar*bi%ops4 ,!y ne$ special sup]natural ef=ts4 ,& ! *ur*es d1 ) ev]-increas+ int5sity & zeal1 make su* ef=ts4 ,) u 9 ,russia1 besides o!r means1 !y employ simple brute =ce1 z !re ! temporal p[] is will+ to obey ! ,*ur*4 ,m5 :o refuse an ext]nal ass5t to ! fai?1 & say s op5ly1 are ei!r directly puni%$ or depriv$ ( _! rights2 m5 :o /rictly keep ! ext]nal =ms ( religion are rew>d$ & giv5 privileges4 ,t is h[ ! ,or?odox cl]gy proce$2 b inde$ all *ur*es )\t exception avail !mselves ( e means = ! purpose--"o ( ! mo/ important ( :i* is :at is n[ call$ hypnotism4 ,e art1 f ar*itecture to poetry1 is br\ght into requisition to "w its effect on m5's s\ls & to r$uce !m to a /ate ( /upefaction1 & ?is effect is con/antly produc$4 ,?is use ( hypnotiz+ influ5ce on m5 to br+ !m to a /ate ( /upefaction is especially app>5t 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,salvation ,army1 :o employ new practices to :i* we are unaccu/om$3 trumpets1 drums1 songs1 flags1 co/umes1 m>*+1 danc+1 te>s1 & dramatic p]=mances4 ,b ?is only displeases u because ^! are new practices4 ,7 n ! old practices 9 *ur*es ess5tially ! same1 ) _! special light+1 gold1 spl5dor1 c&les1 *oirs1 organ1 bells1 ve/m5ts1 inton+1 etc48 ,b h[ev] p[]ful ?is hypnotic influ5ce may be1 x is n ! *ief nor ! mo/ p]nici\s activity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! *ief & mo/ p]nici\s "w ( ! ,*ur* is t :i* is direct$ to ! deception ( *ildr5--^! v *ildr5 ( :om ,*ri/ said3 ,woe to him t (f5de? "o ( ^! little ones4 ,f ! v fir/ awak5+ ( ! consci\sness ( ! *ild !y beg9 to deceive him1 to in/ill into him ) ! utmo/ solemnity :at !y d n !mselves believe 91 & !y cont9ue to in/ill x into him till ! deception has by habit gr[n into ! *ild's nature4 ,!y /udi\sly deceive ! *ild on ! mo/ important subject 9 life1 & :5 ! deception has s gr[n into 8 life t x w\ld be difficult to uproot x1 !n !y reveal to him ! :ole _w ( sci5ce & reality1 :i* _c by any means be reconcil$ ) ! beliefs t h be5 in/ill$ into him1 leav+ x to him to f9d 8 way z be/ he c out ( ^! contradictions4 ,if "o set oneself ! task ( try+ to confuse a man s t he c\ld n ?9k cle>ly nor free himself f ! p]plexity ( two oppos+ !ories ( life :i* _h be5 in/ill$ into him f *ildhood1 "o c\ld n inv5t any means m effectual ?an ! treatm5t ( e "y man educat$ 9 our s-call$ ,*ri/ian society4 ,x is t]rible to ?9k :at ! *ur*es d to m54 ,b if "o imag9es oneself 9 ! position ( ! m5 :o con/itute ! ,*ur*1 we see !y c\ld n act diff]5tly4 ,! *ur*es are plac$ 9 a dilemma3 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt or ! ,nic5e ,cre$--! "o excludes ! o!r4 ,if a man s9c]ely believes 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$ mu/ inevitably lose all mean+ & significance = him1 & ! ,*ur* & its repres5tatives toge!r ) x4 ,if a man believes 9 ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 t is1 9 ! ,*ur*1 t is1 9 ^? :o call !mselves its repres5tatives1 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt becomes sup]flu\s = him4 ,& !re=e ! *ur*es _c b make e possible ef=t to obscure ! mean+ ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 & to attract m5 to !mselves4 ,x is only due to ! int5se zeal ( ! *ur*es 9 ?is direction t ! influ5ce ( ! *ur*es has la/$ hi!rto4 ,let ! ,*ur* /op its "w ( hypnotiz+ ! masses1 & deceiv+ *ildr5 ev5 = ! briefe/ int]val ( "t1 & m5 w\ld beg9 to und]/& ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,b ?is und]/&+ w be ! end ( ! *ur*es & all _! influ5ce4 ,& !re=e ! *ur*es w n = an in/ant relax _! zeal 9 ! bus9ess ( hypnotiz+ gr[n-up p & deceiv+ *ildr54 ,?is1 !n1 is ! "w ( ! *ur*es3 to in/ill a false int]pretation ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ into m51 & to prev5t a true int]pretation ( x = ! majority ( s-call$ believ]s4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,misund]/ood ,,by ,,m5 ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,attitude ( ,m5 ( ,sci5ce to ,religions 9 ,g5]al--,:at ,religion is1 & ,:at is its ,significance = ! ,life ( ,humanity--,?ree ,conceptions ( ,life--,*ri/ian ,religion ! ,expression ( ! ,div9e ,conception ( ,life--,mis9t]pretation ( ,*ri/ianity by ,m5 ( ,sci5ce1 :o ,/udy x 9 its ,ext]nal ,manife/ations ,due to _! ,criticis+ x f ,/&po9t ( ,social ,conception ( ,life--,op9ion1 ,result+ f ?is ,mis9t]pretation1 t ,*ri/'s ,moral ,tea*+ is ,exagg]at$ & ,_c be put into ,practice--,expression ( ,div9e ,conception ( ,life 9 ! ,gospel--,false ,ideas ( ,m5 ( ,sci5ce on ,*ri/ianity ,proce$ f _! ,conviction t !y h an ,infallible ,me?od ( ,criticism--,f :i* come ,two ,misconceptions 9 ,reg>d to ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e--,fir/ ,misconception1 t ! ,tea*+ ,_c be put into ,practice1 ,due to ! ,*ri/ian ,religion ,direct+ ,life 9 a ,way ,diff]5t f t ( ! ,social ,!ory ( ,life--,*ri/ianity holds up ,ideal1 does n lay d[n ,rules--,to ! ,animal ,=ce ( ,man ,*ri/ ,adds ! ,consci\sness ( a ,div9e ,=ce--,*ri/ianity ,seems to ,de/roy ,possibility ( ,life only :5 ! ,ideal held up is ,mi/ak5 = ,rule--,ideal ,mu/ ,n be ,l[]$--,life1 ,accord+ to ,*ri/'s ,tea*+1 is ,movem5t--,! ,ideal & ! ,precepts--,second ,misconception ,%[n 9 ,replac+ ,love & ,s]vice ( ,god by ,love & ,s]vice ( ,humanity--,m5 ( ,sci5ce ,imag9e _! ,doctr9e ( ,s]vice ( ,humanity & ,*ri/ianity are ,id5tical--,doctr9e ( ,s]vice ( ,humanity ,bas$ on ,social ,conception ( ,life--,love = ,humanity1 ,logically ,d$uc$ f ,love ( ,self1 has ,no ,mean+ because ,humanity is a ,fiction--,*ri/ian ,love ,d$uc$ f ,love ( ,god1 ,f9ds its ,object 9 ! :ole ,_w1 n 9 ,humanity ,alone--,*ri/ianity ,tea*es ,man to ,live 9 ,accordance ) 8 ,div9e ,nature--,x ,%[s t ! ,ess5ce ( ! ,s\l ( ,man is ,love1 & t 8 ,happ9ess ,ensues f ,love ( ,god1 :om he ,recognizes z ,love )9 himself4 ,n[ ,i w speak ( ! o!r view ( ,*ri/ianity :i* h9d]s ! true und]/&+ ( x--! sci5tific view4 ,*ur*m5 sub/itute = ,*ri/ianity ! v]sion !y h fram$ ( x = !mselves1 & ?is view ( ,*ri/ianity !y reg>d z ! "o infallibly true "o4 ,m5 ( sci5ce reg>d z ,*ri/ianity only ! t5ets held by ! diff]5t *ur*es 9 ! pa/ & pres5t2 & f9d+ t ^! t5ets h lo/ all ! significance ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y accept x z a religion :i* has outliv$ its age4 ,to see cle>ly h[ impossible x is to und]/& ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ f su* a po9t ( view1 "o mu/ =m = oneself an idea ( ! place actually held by religions 9 g5]al1 by ! ,*ri/ian religion 9 p>ticul>1 9 ! life ( mank9d1 & ( ! significance attribut$ to !m by sci5ce4 ,j z ! individual man _c live )\t hav+ "s !ory ( ! mean+ ( 8 life1 & is always1 ?\gh (t5 unconsci\sly1 fram+ 8 conduct 9 accordance ) ! mean+ he attributes to 8 life1 s too associations ( m5 liv+ 9 simil> conditions--nations--_c b h !ories ( ! mean+ ( _! associat$ life & conduct ensu+ f ^? !ories4 ,& z ! individual man1 :5 he atta9s a fre% /age ( gr[?1 inevitably *anges 8 philosophy ( life1 & ! gr[n-up man sees a diff]5t mean+ 9 x f ! *ild1 s too associations ( m5--nations--are b\nd to *ange _! philosophy ( life & ! conduct ensu+ f _! philosophy1 to correspond ) _! developm5t4 ,! diff]5ce1 z reg>ds ?is1 betwe5 ! individual man & humanity z a :ole1 lies 9 ! fact t ! individual1 9 =m+ ! view ( life prop] to ! new p]iod ( life on :i* he is ent]+ & ! conduct result+ f x1 b5efits by ! exp]i5ce ( m5 :o h liv$ be=e him1 :o h already pass$ ?r\gh ! /age ( gr[? ^u :i* he is ent]+4 ,b humanity _c h ?is aid1 because x is always mov+ along a hi!rto untrodd5 track1 & has no "o to ask h[ to und]/& life1 & to act 9 ! conditions on :i* x is ent]+ & ?r\gh :i* no "o has ev] pass$ be=e4 ,nev]!less1 j z a man ) wife & *ildr5 _c cont9ue to look at life z he look$ at x :5 he 0 a *ild1 s too 9 ! face ( ! v>i\s *anges t are tak+ place1 ! great] d5sity ( population1 ! e/abli%m5t ( communication betwe5 diff]5t peoples1 ! improvem5ts ( ! me?ods ( ! /ruggle ) nature1 & ! accumulation ( k1 humanity _c cont9ue to look at life z ( old1 & x mu/ frame a new !ory ( life1 f :i* conduct may foll[ adapt$ to ! new conditions on :i* x has ent]$ & is ent]+4 ,to meet ?is ne$ humanity has ! special p[] ( produc+ m5 :o give a new mean+ to ! :ole ( human life--a !ory ( life f :i* foll[ new =ms ( activity q diff]5t f all prec$+ !m4 ,! =mation ( ?is philosophy ( life appropriate to humanity 9 ! new conditions on :i* x is ent]+1 & ( ! practice result+ f x1 is :at is call$ religion4 ,& !re=e1 9 ! fir/ place1 religion is n1 z sci5ce imag9es1 a manife/ation :i* at "o "t correspond$ ) ! developm5t ( humanity1 b is aft]w>d outgr[n by x4 ,x is a manife/ation always inh]5t 9 ! life ( humanity1 & is z indisp5sable1 z inh]5t 9 humanity at ! pres5t "t z at any o!r4 ,secondly1 religion is always ! !ory ( ! practice ( ! future & n ( ! pa/1 & !re=e x is cle> t inve/igation ( pa/ manife/ations _c 9 any case grasp ! ess5ce ( religion4 ,! ess5ce ( e religi\s tea*+ lies n 9 ! desire = a symbolic expression ( ! =ces ( nature1 nor 9 ! dread ( ^! =ces1 nor 9 ! crav+ = ! m>vel\s1 nor 9 ! ext]nal =ms 9 :i* x is manife/$1 z m5 ( sci5ce imag9e2 ! ess5ce ( religion lies 9 ! faculty ( m5 ( =esee+ & po9t+ out ! pa? ( life along :i* humanity mu/ move 9 ! discov]y ( a new !ory ( life1 z a result ( :i* ! :ole future conduct ( humanity is *ang$ & diff]5t f all t has be5 be=e4 ,?is faculty ( =esee+ ! pa? along :i* humanity mu/ move1 is common 9 a great] or less degree to all m54 ,b 9 all times !re h be5 m5 9 :om ?is faculty 0 especially /rong1 & ^! m5 h giv5 cle> & def9ite expression to :at all m5 felt vaguely1 & =m$ a new philosophy ( life f :i* new l9es ( action foll[$ = hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,( su* philosophies ( life we "k ?ree2 two h already be5 pass$ ?r\gh by humanity1 & ! ?ird is t we are pass+ ?r\gh n[ 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,^! philosophies ( life are ?ree 9 numb]1 & only ?ree1 n because we h arbitr>ily br\ght ! v>i\s !ories ( life toge!r "u ^! ?ree heads1 b because all m5's actions are always bas$ on "o ( ^! ?ree views ( life--because we _c view life o!rwise ?an 9 ^! ?ree ways4 ,^! ?ree views ( life are z foll[s3 ,fir/1 embrac+ ! individual1 or ! animal view ( life2 second1 embrac+ ! society1 or ! pagan view ( life2 ?ird1 embrac+ ! :ole _w1 or ! div9e view ( life4 ,9 ! fir/ !ory ( life a man's life is limit$ to 8 "o individuality2 ! aim ( life is ! satisfaction ( ! w ( ?is individuality4 ,9 ! second !ory ( life a man's life is limit$ n to 8 own individuality1 b to c]ta9 societies & classes ( individuals3 to ! tribe1 ! family1 ! clan1 ! nation2 ! aim ( life is limit$ to ! satisfaction ( ! w ( ^? associations ( individuals4 ,9 ! ?ird !ory ( life a man's life is limit$ n to societies & classes ( individuals1 b ext5ds to ! pr9ciple & s\rce ( life--to ,god4 ,^! ?ree conceptions ( life =m ! f\ndation ( all ! religions t exi/ or h exi/$4 ,! savage recognizes life only 9 himself & 8 p]sonal desires4 ,8 int]e/ 9 life is conc5trat$ on himself alone4 ,! highe/ happ9ess = him is ! fulle/ satisfaction ( 8 desires4 ,! motive p[] ( 8 life is p]sonal enjoym5t4 ,8 religion consi/s 9 propitiat+ 8 deity & 9 wor%ip+ 8 gods1 :om he imag9es z p]sons liv+ only = _! p]sonal aims4 ,! civiliz$ pagan recognizes life n 9 himself alone1 b 9 societies ( m5--9 ! tribe1 ! clan1 ! family1 ! k+dom--& sacrifices 8 p]sonal good = ^! societies4 ,! motive p[] ( 8 life is glory4 ,8 religion consi/s 9 ! exaltation ( ! glory ( ^? :o are alli$ to him--! f\nd]s ( 8 family1 8 ance/ors1 8 rul]s--& 9 wor%ip+ gods :o are exclusively protectors ( 8 clan1 8 family1 8 nation1 8 gov]nm5t4#h #h ,! fact t s _m v>i$ =ms ( exi/5ce1 z ! life ( ! family1 ( ! tribe1 ( ! clan1 ( ! /ate1 & ev5 ! life ( humanity !oretically conceiv$ by ! ,positivi/s1 are f\nd$ on ?is social or pagan !ory ( life1 does n de/roy ! unity ( ?is !ory ( life4 ,all ^! v>i$ =ms ( life are f\nd$ on ! same conception1 t ! life ( ! individual is n a suffici5t aim ( life--t ! mean+ ( life c be f\nd only 9 societies ( individuals4 ,! man :o holds ! div9e !ory ( life recognizes life n 9 8 own individuality1 & n 9 societies ( individualities 79 ! family1 ! clan1 ! nation1 ! tribe1 or ! gov]nm5t71 b 9 ! et]nal undy+ s\rce ( life--9 ,god2 & to fulfill ! w ( ,god he is ready to sacrifice 8 individual & family & social welf>e4 ,! motor p[] ( 8 life is love4 ,& 8 religion is ! wor%ip 9 de$ & 9 tru? ( ! pr9ciple ( ! :ole--,god4 ,! :ole hi/oric exi/5ce ( mank9d is no?+ else ?an ! gradual transition f ! p]sonal1 animal conception ( life to ! social conception ( life1 & f ! social conception ( life to ! div9e conception ( life4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! anci5t peoples1 la/+ ?r\gh ?\s&s ( ye>s & end+ ) ! hi/ory ( ,rome1 is ! hi/ory ( ! transition f ! animal1 p]sonal view ( life to ! social view ( life4 ,! :ole ( hi/ory f ! "t ( ! ,roman ,empire & ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ianity is ! hi/ory ( ! transition1 ?r\gh :i* we are /ill pass+ n[1 f ! social view ( life to ! div9e view ( life4 ,?is view ( life is ! la/1 & f\nd$ ^u x is ! ,*ri/ian tea*+1 :i* is a guide = ! :ole ( our life & lies at ! root ( all our activity1 practical & !oretic4 ,yet m5 ( :at is falsely call$ sci5ce1 pseudo-sci5tific m51 look+ at x only 9 its ext]nals1 reg>d x z some?+ outgr[n & hav+ no value = u4 ,r$uc+ x to its dogmatic side only--to ! doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! r$emption1 ! miracles1 ! ,*ur*1 ! sacram5ts1 & s on--m5 ( sci5ce reg>d x z only "o ( an imm5se numb] ( religions :i* h aris5 among mank9d1 & n[1 !y say1 hav+ play$ out its "p 9 hi/ory1 x is outliv+ its own age & fad+ away be=e ! light ( sci5ce & ( true enlight5m5t4 ,we come "h ^u :at1 9 a l>ge proportion ( cases1 =ms ! s\rce ( ! grosse/ errors ( mank9d4 ,m5 on a l[] level ( und]/&+1 :5 br\ght into contact ) ph5om5a ( a high] ord]1 in/ead ( mak+ ef=ts to und]/& !m1 to raise !mselves up to ! po9t ( view f :i* !y mu/ look at ! subject1 judge x f _! l[] /&po9t1 & ! less !y und]/& :at !y are talk+ ab\t1 ! m confid5tly & unhesitat+ly !y pass judgm5t on x4 ,to ! majority ( le>n$ m51 look+ at ! liv+1 moral tea*+ ( ,*ri/ f ! l[] /&po9t ( ! /ate conception ( life1 ?is doctr9e appe>s z no?+ b a v indef9ite & incongru\s comb9ation ( ,indian asceticism1 ,/oic & ,neoplatonic philosophy1 & insub/antial anti-social visions1 :i* h no s]i\s significance = our times4 ,its :ole mean+ is conc5trat$ = !m 9 its ext]nal manife/ations--9 ,ca?olicism1 ,prote/antism1 9 c]ta9 dogmas1 or 9 ! conflict ) ! temporal p[]4 ,e/imat+ ! value ( ,*ri/ianity by ^! ph5om5a is l a deaf man's judg+ ( ! "* & quality ( music by see+ ! movem5ts ( ! musicians4 ,! result ( ?is is t all ^! sci5tific m51 f ,kant1 ,/rauss1 ,sp5c]1 & ,r5an d[n1 d n und]/& ! mean+ ( ,*ri/'s say+s1 d n und]/& ! significance1 ! object1 or ! reason ( _! utt]ance1 d n und]/& ev5 ! "q to :i* !y =m ! answ]4 ,yet1 )\t ev5 tak+ ! pa9s to ent] into _! mean+1 !y refuse1 if unfavorably dispos$1 to recognize any reasonabl5ess 9 8 doctr9es2 or if !y want to treat !m indulg5tly1 !y condesc5d1 f ! height ( _! sup]iority1 to correct !m1 on ! supposition t ,*ri/ meant to express precisely _! own ideas1 b did n succe$ 9 do+ s4 ,!y behave to 8 tea*+ mu* z self-ass]tive p talk to ^? :om !y consid] b5ea? !m1 (t5 supply+ _! companions' words3 ,yes1 y mean to say ?is & t4 ,?is correction is always ) ! aim ( r$uc+ ! tea*+ ( ! high]1 div9e conception ( life to ! level ( ! l[]1 /ate conception ( life4 ,!y usually say t ! moral tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity is v f9e1 b ov]exagg]at$2 t to make x q "r we mu/ reject all 9 x t is sup]flu\s & unnecess>y to our mann] ( life4 ,& ! doctr9e t asks too mu*1 & requires :at _c be p]=m$1 is worse ?an t :i* requires ( m5 :at is possible & consi/5t ) _! p[]s1 ^! le>n$ int]pret]s ( ,*ri/ianity ma9ta91 repeat+ :at 0 long ago ass]t$1 & c\ld n b be ass]t$1 by ^? :o crucifi$ ! ,tea*] because !y did n und]/& him--! ,jews4 ,x seems t 9 ! judgm5t ( ! le>n$ m5 ( our "t ! ,hebrew law--a too? = a too?1 & an eye = an eye--is a law ( j retaliation1 kn[n to mank9d five ?\s& ye>s be=e ! law ( hol9ess :i* ,*ri/ taught 9 its place4 ,x seems t all t has be5 done by ^? m5 :o und]/ood ,*ri/'s tea*+ lit]ally & liv$ 9 accordance ) su* an und]/&+ ( x1 all t has be5 said & done by all true ,*ri/ians1 by all ! ,*ri/ian sa9ts1 all t is n[ re=m+ ! _w 9 ! %ape ( socialism & communism--is simply exagg]ation1 n wor? talk+ ab\t4 ,aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ( education 9 ,*ri/ianity ! civiliz$ _w1 z repres5t$ by its mo/ advanc$ ?9k]s1 holds ! conviction t ! ,*ri/ian religion is a religion ( dogmas2 t its tea*+ 9 relation to life is unreasonable1 & is an exagg]ation1 subv]sive ( ! real lawful obligations ( morality consi/5t ) ! nature ( man2 & t v doctr9e ( retribution :i* ,*ri/ reject$1 & 9 place ( :i* he put 8 tea*+1 is m practically useful = u4 ,to le>n$ m5 ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce is exagg]at$ & ev5 irrational4 ,*ri/ianity is mu* bett] )\t x1 !y ?9k1 n obs]v+ closely :at ,*ri/ianity1 z repres5t$ by !m1 am\nts to4 ,!y d n see t to say t ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance to evil is an exagg]ation 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+ is j l say+ t ! /atem5t ( ! equality ( ! radii ( a circle is an exagg]ation 9 ! def9ition ( a circle4 ,& ^? :o speak ?us are act+ precisely l a man :o1 hav+ no idea ( :at a circle is1 %\ld decl>e t ?is requirem5t1 t e po9t ( ! circumf]5ce %\ld be an equal di/ance f ! c5t]1 is exagg]at$4 ,to advocate ! rejection ( ,*ri/'s comm& ( non-resi/ance to evil1 or its adaptation to ! ne$s ( life1 implies a misund]/&+ ( ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/4 ,& ^? :o d s c]ta9ly d n und]/& x4 ,!y d n und]/& t ?is tea*+ is ! in/itution ( a new !ory ( life1 correspond+ to ! new conditions on :i* m5 h ent]$ n[ = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 & also ! def9ition ( ! new conduct ( life :i* results f x4 ,!y d n believe t ,*ri/ meant to say :at he said2 or he seems to !m to h said :at he said 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & 9 o!r places accid5tally1 or ?r\gh 8 lack ( intellig5ce or ( cultivation4#i #i ,"h1 = example1 is a *>act]i/ic view ( t k9d f ! ,am]ican j\rnal ! ,ar5a 7,octob]1 #ahij73 ,new ,basis ( ,*ur* ,life4 ,treat+ ( ! significance ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt & non-resi/ance to evil 9 p>ticul>1 ! au?or1 be+ "u no necessity1 l ! ,*ur*m51 to hide its significance1 says3 ,*ri/ 9 fact prea*$ complete communism & an>*y2 b "o mu/ le>n to reg>d ,*ri/ always 9 8 hi/orical & psy*ological significance4 ,l e advocate ( ! love ( humanity1 ,*ri/ w5t to ! fur!/ extreme 9 8 tea*+4 ,e /ep =w>d t[>d ! moral p]fection ( humanity is always guid$ by m5 :o see no?+ b _! vocation4 ,*ri/1 9 no disp>ag+ s5se be x said1 _h ! typical temp]am5t ( su* a re=m]4 ,& !re=e we mu/ rememb] t 8 precepts _c be und]/ood lit]ally z a complete philosophy ( life4 ,we ought to analyze 8 words ) respect = !m1 b 9 ! _s ( criticism1 accept+ :at is true1 etc4 ,*ri/ w\ld h be5 happy to say :at he ought1 b he 0 n able to express himself z exactly & cle>ly z we c 9 ! _s ( criticism1 & !re=e let u correct him4 ,all t he said ab\t meekness1 sacrifice1 l[l9ess1 n c>+ = ! morr[1 0 said by accid5t1 ?r\gh lack ( kn[+ h[ to express himself sci5tifically4 ,matt4 vi4 #be-cd3 ,!re=e ,i say unto y1 ,take no ?\ght = y\r life1 :at ye %all eat1 or :at ye %all dr9k2 nor yet = y\r body1 :at ye %all put on4 ,is n ! life m ?an meat1 & ! body ?an raim5t8 ,behold ! f[ls ( ! air2 = !y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap1 nor ga!r into b>ns2 yet y\r heav5ly ,fa!r fe$e? !m4 ,are ye n mu* bett] ?an !y8 ,:i* ( y by tak+ ?\ght c add "o cubit unto 8 /ature8 ,& :y take ye ?\ght = raim5t8 ,consid] ! lilies ( ! field h[ !y gr[2 !y toil n1 nei!r d !y sp92 & yet ,i say unto y1 ,t ev5 ,solomon 9 all 8 glory 0 n array$ l "o ( ^!4 ,:]e=e1 if ,god s clo! ! grass ( ! field1 :i* to-day is1 & to-morr[ is ca/ into ! ov51 %all he n mu* m clo! y1 ,o ye ( little fai?8 ,!re=e take no ?\ght1 say+1 ,:at %all we eat8 or1 ,:at %all we dr9k8 or1 ,:]e-)al %all we be clo!d8 7,= aft] all ^! ?+s d ! ,g5tiles seek71 = y\r heav5ly ,fa!r kn[e? t ye h ne$ ( all ^! ?+s4 ,b seek ye fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & 8 righte\sness1 & all ^! ?+s %all be add$ unto y4 ,take !re=e no ?\ght = ! morr[2 = ! morr[ %all take ?\ght = ! ?+s ( itself4 ,suffici5t unto ! day is ! evil !re(4 ,luke xii4 #cc-cd3 ,sell t ye h1 & give alms2 provide y\rselves bags :i* wax n old1 a treasure 9 ! heav5s t faile? n1 :]e no ?ief approa*e?1 nei!r mo? corrupte?4 ,= :]e y\r treasure is1 !re w y\r he>t be also4 ,sell all ?\ ha/ & foll[ me2 & he :o w n leave fa!r1 or "m1 or *ildr51 or bro!rs1 or fields1 or h\se1 he _c be my disciple4 ,d5y ?yself1 take up ?y cross ea* day & foll[ me4 ,my meat is to d ! w ( him t s5t me1 & to p]=m 8 works4 ,n my w1 b ?9e be done2 n :at ,i w1 b z ?\ wilt4 ,life is to d n "o's w1 b ! w ( ,god4 ,all ^! pr9ciples appe> to m5 :o reg>d !m f ! /&po9t ( a l[] conception ( life z ! expression ( an impulsive en?usiasm1 hav+ no direct application to life4 ,^! pr9ciples1 h[ev]1 foll[ f ! ,*ri/ian !ory ( life1 j z logically z ! pr9ciples ( pay+ a "p ( "o's private ga9s to ! commonweal? & ( sacrific+ "o's life 9 def5se ( "o's c\ntry foll[ f ! /ate !ory ( life4 ,z ! man ( ! /ate conception ( life said to ! savage3 ,reflect1 be?9k y\rself6 ,! life ( y\r individuality _c be true life1 because t life is pitiful & pass+4 ,b ! life ( a society & succession ( individuals1 family1 clan1 tribe1 or /ate1 goes on liv+1 & !re=e a man mu/ sacrifice 8 own individuality = ! life ( ! family or ! /ate4 ,9 exactly ! same way ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e says to ! man ( ! social1 /ate conception ( life1 ,rep5t ye----i4 e41 be?9k y\rself1 or y w be ru9$4 ,und]/& t ?is casual1 p]sonal life :i* n[ comes into be+ & to-morr[ is no m c h no p]man5ce1 t no ext]nal means1 no con/ruction ( x c give x consecutiv5ess & p]man5ce4 ,take ?\ght & und]/& t ! life y are liv+ is n real life--! life ( ! family1 ( society1 ( ! /ate w n save y f annihilation4 ,! true1 ! rational life is only possible = man accord+ to ! measure 9 :i* he c p>ticipate1 n 9 ! family or ! /ate1 b 9 ! s\rce ( life--! ,fa!r2 accord+ to ! measure 9 :i* he c m]ge 8 life 9 ! life ( ! ,fa!r4 ,su* is und\bt$ly ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 visible 9 e utt]ance ( ! ,gospel4 ,"o may n %>e ?is view ( life1 "o may reject x1 "o may %[ its inaccuracy & its errone\sness1 b we _c judge ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ )\t ma/]+ ?is view ( life4 ,/ill less c "o criticise a subject on a high] plane f a l[] po9t ( view4 ,f ! basem5t "o _c judge ( ! effect ( ! spire4 ,b ?is is j :at ! le>n$ critics ( ! day try to d4 ,= !y %>e ! errone\s idea ( ! or?odox believ]s t !y are 9 possession ( c]ta9 infallible means = inve/igat+ a subject4 ,!y fancy if !y apply _! s-call$ sci5tific me?ods ( criticism1 !re c be no d\bt ( _! conclusion be+ correct4 ,?is te/+ ! subject by ! fanci$ infallible me?od ( sci5ce is ! pr9cipal ob/acle to und]/&+ ! ,*ri/ian religion = unbeliev]s1 = s-call$ educat$ p4 ,f ?is foll[ all ! mi/akes made by sci5tific m5 ab\t ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & especially two /range misconceptions :i*1 m ?an ev]y?+ else1 h9d] !m f a correct und]/&+ ( x4 ,"o ( ^! misconceptions is t ! ,*ri/ian moral tea*+ _c be c>ri$ out1 & t !re=e x has ei!r no =ce at all--t is1 x %\ld n be accept$ z ! rule ( conduct--or x mu/ be trans=m$1 adapt$ to ! limits )9 :i* its fulfillm5t is possible 9 our society4 ,ano!r misconception is t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( love ( ,god1 & !re=e ( 8 s]vice1 is an obscure1 my/ic pr9ciple1 :i* gives no def9ite object = love1 & %\ld !re=e be replac$ by ! m exact & compreh5sible pr9ciples ( love = m5 & ! s]vice ( humanity4 ,! fir/ misconception 9 reg>d to ! impossibility ( foll[+ ! pr9ciple is ! result ( m5 ( ! /ate conception ( life unconsci\sly tak+ t conception z ! /&>d by :i* ! ,*ri/ian religion directs m51 & tak+ ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple ( p]fection z ! rule by :i* t life is to be ord]$2 !y ?9k & say t to foll[ ,*ri/'s tea*+ is impossible1 because ! complete fulfilm5t ( all t is requir$ by ?is tea*+ w\ld put an end to life4 ,if a man 7 to c>ry out all t ,*ri/ tea*es1 he w\ld de/roy 8 own life2 & if all m5 c>ri$ x out1 !n ! human race w\ld come to an end1 !y say4 ,if we take no ?\ght = ! morr[1 :at we %all eat & :at we %all dr9k1 & :]e)al we %all be clo!d1 d n def5d our life1 nor resi/ evil by =ce1 lay d[n our life = o!rs1 & obs]ve p]fect *a/ity1 ! human race _c exi/1 !y say4 ,& !y are p]fectly "r if !y take ! pr9ciple ( p]fection giv5 by ,*ri/'s tea*+ z a rule :i* ev]yone is b\nd to fulfill1 j z 9 ! /ate pr9ciples ( life ev]yone is b\nd to c>ry out ! rule ( pay+ taxes1 support+ ! law1 & s on4 ,! misconception is bas$ precisely on ! fact t ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ guides m5 diff]5tly f ! way 9 :i* ! precepts f\nd$ on ! l[] conception ( life guide m54 ,! precepts ( ! /ate conception ( life only guide m5 by requir+ ( !m an exact fulfillm5t ( rules or laws4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ guides m5 by po9t+ !m to ! inf9ite p]fection ( _! heav5ly ,fa!r1 to :i* e man indep5d5tly & volunt>ily /ruggles1 :atev] ! degree ( 8 imp]fection 9 ! pres5t4 ,! misund]/&+ ( m5 :o judge ( ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple f ! po9t ( view ( ! /ate pr9ciple1 consi/s 9 ! fact t on ! supposition t ! p]fection :i* ,*ri/ po9ts to1 c be fully atta9$1 !y ask !mselves 7j z !y ask ! same "q on ! supposition t /ate laws w be c>ri$ out7 :at w be ! result ( all ?is be+ c>ri$ out8 ,?is supposition _c be made1 because ! p]fection held up to ,*ri/ians is inf9ite & c nev] be atta9$2 & ,*ri/ lays d[n 8 pr9ciple1 hav+ 9 view ! fact t absolute p]fection c nev] be atta9$1 b t /riv+ t[>d absolute1 inf9ite p]fection w cont9ually increase ! bless$ness ( m51 & t ?is bless$ness may be increas$ to inf9ity !reby4 ,*ri/ is tea*+ n angels1 b m51 liv+ & mov+ 9 ! animal life4 ,& s to ?is animal =ce ( movem5t ,*ri/1 z x 71 applies ! new =ce--! recognition ( ,div9e p]fection--& !reby directs ! movem5t by ! resultant ( ^! two =ces4 ,to suppose t human life is go+ 9 ! direction to :i* ,*ri/ po9t$ x1 is j l suppos+ t a little boat afloat on a rapid riv]1 & direct+ its c\rse almo/ exactly aga9/ ! curr5t1 w progress 9 t direction4 ,*ri/ recognizes ! exi/5ce ( bo? sides ( ! p>allelogram1 ( bo? et]nal inde/ructible =ces ( :i* ! life ( man is comp\nd$3 ! =ce ( 8 animal nature & ! =ce ( ! consci\sness ( k9%ip to ,god4 ,say+ no?+ ( ! animal =ce :i* ass]ts itself1 rema9s always ! same1 & is !re=e indep5d5t ( human w1 ,*ri/ speaks only ( ! ,div9e =ce1 call+ ^u a man to "k x m closely1 to set x m free f all t ret>ds x1 & to c>ry x to a high] degree ( int5sity4 ,9 ! process ( lib]at+1 ( /r5g!n+ ?is =ce1 ! true life ( man1 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+1 consi/s4 ,! true life1 accord+ to prec$+ religions1 consi/s 9 c>ry+ out rules1 ! law2 accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+ x consi/s 9 an ev] clos] approximation to ! div9e p]fection held up be=e e man1 & recogniz$ )9 himself by e man1 9 an ev] clos] & clos] approa* to ! p]fect fusion ( 8 w 9 ! w ( ,god1 t fusion t[>d :i* man /rives1 & ! atta9m5t ( :i* w\ld be ! de/ruction ( ! life we "k4 ,! div9e p]fection is ! asymptote ( human life to :i* x is always /riv+1 & always approa*+1 ?\gh x c only be rea*$ 9 inf9ity4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion seems to exclude ! possibility ( life only :5 m5 mi/ake ! po9t+ to an ideal z ! lay+ d[n ( a rule4 ,x is only !n t ! pr9ciples pres5t$ 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+ appe> to be de/ructive ( life4 ,^! pr9ciples1 on ! contr>y1 are ! only ones t make true life possible4 ,)\t ^! pr9ciples true life c\ld n be possible4 ,"o ought n to expect s mu*1 is :at p usually say 9 discuss+ ! requirem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,"o _c expect to take absolutely no ?\ght = ! morr[1 z is said 9 ! ,gospel1 b only n to take too mu* ?\ght = x2 "o _c give away all to ! poor1 b "o mu/ give away a c]ta9 def9ite "p2 "o ne$ n aim at virg9ity1 b "o mu/ avoid debau*]y2 "o ne$ n =sake wife & *ildr51 b "o mu/ n give too great a place to !m 9 "o's he>t1 & s on4 ,b to speak l ?is is j l tell+ a man :o is /ruggl+ on a swift riv] & is direct+ 8 c\rse aga9/ ! curr5t1 t x is impossible to cross ! riv] r[+ aga9/ ! curr5t1 & t to cross x he mu/ float 9 ! direction ( ! po9t he wants to rea*4 ,9 reality1 9 ord] to rea* ! place to :i* he wants to g1 he mu/ r[ ) all 8 /r5g? t[>d a po9t mu* high] up4 ,to let g ! requirem5ts ( ! ideal means n only to dim9i% ! possibility ( p]fection1 b to make an end ( ! ideal itself4 ,! ideal t has p[] ov] m5 is n an ideal inv5t$ by someone1 b ! ideal t e man c>ries )9 8 s\l4 ,only ?is ideal ( complete inf9ite p]fection has p[] ov] m51 & /imulates !m to action4 ,a mod]ate p]fection loses its p[] ( influ5c+ m5's he>ts4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ only has p[] :5 x dem&s absolute p]fection--t is1 ! fusion ( ! div9e nature :i* exi/s 9 e man's s\l ) ! w ( ,god--! union ( ! ,son ) ! ,fa!r4 ,life accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+ consi/s ( no?+ b ?is sett+ free ( ! ,son ( ,god1 exi/+ 9 e man1 f ! animal1 & 9 br++ him clos] to ! ,fa!r4 ,! animal exi/5ce ( a man does n con/itute human life alone4 ,life1 accord+ to ! w ( ,god only1 is also n human life4 ,human life is a comb9ation ( ! animal life & ! div9e life4 ,& ! m ?is comb9ation approa*es to ! div9e life1 ! m life !re is 9 x4 ,life1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 is a progress t[>d ! div9e p]fection4 ,no "o condition1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 c be high] or l[] ?an ano!r4 ,e condition1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 is only a p>ticul> /age1 ( no consequ5ce 9 itself1 on ! way t[>d unatta9able p]fection1 & !re=e 9 itself x does n imply a great] or less] degree ( life4 ,increase ( life1 accord+ to ?is1 consi/s 9 no?+ b ! quick5+ ( ! progress t[>d p]fection4 ,& !re=e ! progress t[>d p]fection ( ! publican ,zac*eus1 ( ! woman t 0 a s9n]1 & ( ! robb] on ! cross1 implies a high] degree ( life ?an ! /agnant righte\sness ( ! ,ph>isee4 ,& !re=e = ?is religion !re _c be rules :i* x is obligatory to obey4 ,! man :o is at a l[] level b is mov+ onw>d t[>d p]fection is liv+ a m moral1 a bett] life1 is m fully c>ry+ out ,*ri/'s tea*+1 ?an ! man on a mu* high] level ( morality :o is n mov+ onw>d t[>d p]fection4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ! lo/ %eep is de>] to ! ,fa!r ?an ^? t 7 n lo/4 ,! prodigal son1 ! piece ( money lo/ & f\nd aga91 7 m preci\s ?an ^? t 7 n lo/4 ,! fulfillm5t ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ consi/s 9 mov+ away f self t[>d ,god4 ,x is obvi\s t !re _c be def9ite laws & rules = ?is fulfillm5t ( ! tea*+4 ,e degree ( p]fection & e degree ( imp]fection are equal 9 x2 no ob$i5ce to laws con/itutes a fulfillm5t ( ?is doctr9e1 & !re=e = x !re c be no b9d+ rules & laws4 ,f ?is fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 ! religion ( ,*ri/ & all prec$+ religions bas$ on ! /ate conception ( life1 foll[s a correspond+ diff]5ce 9 ! special precepts ( ! /ate !ory & ! ,*ri/ian precepts4 ,! precepts ( ! /ate !ory ( life insi/ = ! mo/ "p on c]ta9 practical prescrib$ acts1 by :i* m5 are ju/ifi$ & secure ( be+ "r4 ,! ,*ri/ian precepts 7! comm&m5t ( love is n a precept 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 b ! expression ( ! v ess5ce ( ! religion7 are ! five comm&m5ts ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt--all negative 9 "*4 ,!y %[ only :at at a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t ( humanity m5 may n d4 ,^! comm&m5ts are1 z x 71 signpo/s on ! endless road to p]fection1 t[>d :i* humanity is mov+1 %[+ ! po9t ( p]fection :i* is possible at a c]ta9 p]iod 9 ! developm5t ( humanity4 ,*ri/ has giv5 expression 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt to ! et]nal ideal t[>d :i* m5 are spontane\sly /ruggl+1 & also ! degree ( atta9m5t ( x to :i* m5 may rea* 9 our times4 ,! ideal is n to desire to d ill to anyone1 n to provoke ill w1 to love all m54 ,! precept1 %[+ ! level bel[ :i* we _c fall 9 ! atta9m5t ( ?is ideal1 is ! prohibition ( evil speak+4 ,& t is ! fir/ comm&4 ,! ideal is p]fect *a/ity1 ev5 9 ?\ght4 ,! precept1 %[+ ! level bel[ :i* we _c fall 9 ! atta9m5t ( ?is ideal1 is t ( purity ( m>ri$ life1 avoidance ( debau*]y4 ,t is ! second comm&4 ,! ideal is to take no ?\ght = ! future1 to live 9 ! pres5t mom5t4 ,! precept1 %[+ ! level bel[ :i* we _c fall1 is ! prohibition ( swe>+1 ( promis+ any?+ 9 ! future4 ,& t is ! ?ird comm&4 ,! ideal is nev] = any purpose to use =ce4 ,! precept1 %[+ ! level bel[ :i* we _c fall is t ( return+ good = evil1 be+ pati5t "u wrong1 giv+ ! cloak also4 ,t is ! f\r? comm&4 ,! ideal is to love ! enemies :o hate u4 ,! precept1 %[+ ! level bel[ :i* we _c fall1 is n to d evil to our enemies1 to speak well ( !m1 & to make no diff]5ce betwe5 !m & our neighbors4 ,all ^! precepts are indications ( :at1 on our j\rney to p]fection1 we are already fully able to avoid1 & :at we mu/ labor to atta9 n[1 & :at we ought by degrees to translate into in/9ctive & unconsci\s habits4 ,b ^! precepts1 f> f con/itut+ ! :ole ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ & exhau/+ x1 are simply /ages on ! way to p]fection4 ,^! precepts mu/ & w be foll[$ by high] & high] precepts on ! way to ! p]fection held up by ! religion4 ,& !re=e x is ess5tially a "p ( ! ,*ri/ian religion to make dem&s high] ?an ^? express$ 9 its precepts2 & by no means to dim9i% ! dem&s ei!r ( ! ideal itself1 or ( ! precepts1 z p imag9e :o judge x f ! /&po9t ( ! social conception ( life4 ,s mu* = "o misund]/&+ ( ! sci5tific m51 9 relation to ! import & aim ( ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,ano!r misund]/&+ aris+ f ! same s\rce consi/s 9 sub/itut+ love = m51 ! s]vice ( humanity1 = ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciples ( love = ,god & 8 s]vice4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e to love ,god & s]ve him1 & only z a result ( t love to love & s]ve "o's neighbor1 seems to sci5tific m5 obscure1 my/ic1 & arbitr>y4 ,& !y w\ld absolutely exclude ! obligation ( love & s]vice ( ,god1 hold+ t ! doctr9e ( love = m51 = humanity alone1 is f> m cle>1 tangible1 & reasonable4 ,sci5tific m5 tea* 9 !ory t ! only good & rational life is t :i* is devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! :ole ( humanity4 ,t is = !m ! import ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 & to t !y r$uce ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,!y seek confirmation ( _! own doctr9e 9 ! ,gospel1 on ! supposition t ! two doctr9es are really ! same4 ,?is idea is an absolutely mi/ak5 "o4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e has no?+ 9 common ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,positivi/s1 ,communi/s1 & all ! apo/les ( ! univ]sal bro!rhood ( mank9d1 bas$ on ! g5]al advantage ( su* a bro!rhood4 ,!y diff] f "o ano!r especially 9 ,*ri/ianity's hav+ a firm & cle> basis 9 ! human s\l1 :ile love = humanity is only a !oretical d$uction f analogy4 ,! doctr9e ( love = humanity alone is bas$ on ! social conception ( life4 ,! ess5ce ( ! social conception ( life consi/s 9 ! transf]5ce ( ! aim ( ! individual life to ! life ( societies ( individuals3 family1 clan1 tribe1 or /ate4 ,?is transf]5ce is accompli%$ easily & naturally 9 its e>lie/ =ms1 9 ! transf]5ce ( ! aim ( life f ! individual to ! family & ! clan4 ,! transf]5ce to ! tribe or ! nation is m difficult & requires special tra9+4 ,& ! transf]5ce ( ! s5tim5t to ! /ate is ! fur!/ limit :i* ! process c rea*4 ,to love "o's self is natural to ev]yone1 & no "o ne$s any enc\ragem5t to d s4 ,to love "o's clan :o support & protect "o1 to love "o's wife1 ! joy & help ( "o's exi/5ce1 "o's *ildr51 ! hope & consolation ( "o's life1 & "o's p>5ts1 :o h giv5 "o life & education1 is natural4 ,& su* love1 ?\gh f> f be+ s /rong z love ( self1 is met ) pretty (t54 ,to love--= "o's own sake1 ?r\gh p]sonal pride--"o's tribe1 "o's nation1 ?\gh n s natural1 is nev]!less common4 ,love ( "o's own p :o are ( ! same blood1 ! same tongue1 & ! same religion z "o's self is possible1 ?\gh f> f be+ s /rong z love ( self1 or ev5 love ( family or clan4 ,b love = a /ate1 su* z ,turkey1 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 ,au/ria1 or ,russia is a ?+ almo/ impossible4 ,& ?\gh x is zeal\sly inculcat$1 x is only an imag9$ s5tim5t2 x has no exi/5ce 9 reality4 ,& at t limit man's p[] ( transf]r+ 8 int]e/ ceases1 & he _c feel any direct s5tim5t = t fictiti\s entity4 ,! ,positivi/s1 h[ev]1 & all ! apo/les ( frat]nity on sci5tific pr9ciples1 )\t tak+ into consid]ation ! weak5+ ( s5tim5t 9 proportion to ! ext5sion ( its object1 draw fur!r d$uctions 9 !ory 9 ! same direction4 ,s9ce1 !y say1 x 0 = ! advantage ( ! individual to ext5d 8 p]sonal int]e/ to ! family1 ! tribe1 & subsequ5tly to ! nation & ! /ate1 x w\ld be /ill m advantage\s to ext5d 8 int]e/ 9 societies ( m5 to ! :ole ( mank9d1 & s all to live = humanity j z m5 live = ! family or ! /ate4 ,!oretically x foll[s1 inde$1 hav+ ext5d$ ! love & int]e/ = ! p]sonality to ! family1 ! tribe1 & !nce to ! nation & ! /ate1 x w\ld be p]fectly logical = m5 to save !mselves ! /rife & calamities :i* result f ! division ( mank9d into nations & /ates by ext5d+ _! love to ! :ole ( humanity4 ,?is w\ld be mo/ logical1 & !oretically no?+ w\ld appe> m natural to its advocates1 :o d n obs]ve t love is a s5tim5t :i* may or may n be felt1 b :i* x is useless to advocate2 & moreov]1 t love mu/ h an object1 & t humanity is n an object4 ,x is no?+ b a fiction4 ,! family1 ! tribe1 ev5 ! /ate 7 n inv5t$ by m51 b =m$ !mselves spontane\sly1 l ant-hills or sw>ms ( bees1 & h a real exi/5ce4 ,! man :o1 = ! sake ( 8 own animal p]sonality1 loves 8 family1 kn[s :om he loves3 ,anna1 ,dolly1 ,john1 ,pet]1 & s on4 ,! man :o loves 8 tribe & takes pride 9 x1 kn[s t he loves all ! ,guelphs or all ! ,ghibell9es2 ! man :o loves ! /ate kn[s t he loves ,france b\nd$ by ! ,rh9e1 & ! ,pyr5ees1 & its pr9cipal city ,p>is1 & its hi/ory & s on4 ,b ! man :o loves humanity--:at does he love8 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a /ate1 z a nation2 !re is ! ab/ract conception ( man2 b humanity z a concrete idea does n1 & _c exi/4 ,humanity6 ,:]e is ! def9ition ( humanity8 ,:]e does x end & :]e does x beg98 ,does humanity end ) ! savage1 ! idiot1 ! dipsomaniac1 or ! madman8 ,if we draw a l9e exclud+ f humanity its l[e/ repres5tatives1 :]e are we to draw ! l9e8 ,%all we exclude ! negroes l ! ,am]icans1 or ! ,h9doos l "s ,engli%m51 or ! ,jews l "s o!rs8 ,if we include all m5 )\t exception1 :y %\ld we n include also ! high] animals1 _m ( :om are sup]ior to ! l[e/ specim5s ( ! human race4 ,we "k no?+ ( humanity z an et]nal object1 & we "k no?+ ( its limits4 ,humanity is a fiction1 & x is impossible to love x4 ,x w\ld1 d\btless1 be v advantage\s if m5 c\ld love humanity j z !y love _! family4 ,x w\ld be v advantage\s1 z ,communi/s advocate1 to replace ! competitive1 individuali/ic organization ( m5's activity by a social univ]sal organisation1 s t ea* w\ld be = all & all = ea*4 ,only !re are no motives to lead m5 to d ?is4 ,! ,positivi/s1 ! ,communi/s1 & all ! apo/les ( frat]nity on sci5tific pr9ciples advocate ! ext5sion to ! :ole ( humanity ( ! love m5 feel = !mselves1 _! families1 & ! /ate4 ,!y =get t ! love :i* !y are discuss+ is a p]sonal love1 :i* might exp& 9 a r>efi$ =m to embrace a man's native c\ntry1 b :i* disappe>s be=e x c embrace an artificial /ate su* z ,au/ria1 ,engl&1 or ,turkey1 & :i* we _c ev5 conceive ( 9 relation to all humanity1 an absolutely my/ic conception4 ,a man loves himself 78 animal p]sonality71 he loves 8 family1 he ev5 loves 8 native c\ntry4 ,:y %\ld he n love humanity8 ,t w\ld be su* an excell5t ?+4 ,& by ! way1 x is precisely :at is taught by ,*ri/ianity4 ,s ?9k ! advocates ( ,positivi/1 ,communi/ic1 or ,sociali/ic frat]nity4 ,x w\ld inde$ be an excell5t ?+4 ,b x c nev] be1 = ! love t is bas$ on a p]sonal or social conception ( life c nev] rise beyond love = ! /ate4 ,! fallacy ( ! argum5t lies 9 ! fact t ! social conception ( life1 on :i* love = family & nation is f\nd$1 re/s itself on love ( self1 & t love gr[s weak] & weak] z x is ext5d$ f self to family1 tribe1 nationality1 & /ate2 & 9 ! /ate we rea* ! fur!/ limit beyond :i* x _c g4 ,! necessity ( ext5d+ ! sph]e ( love is beyond dispute4 ,b 9 reality ! possibility ( ?is love is de/roy$ by ! necessity ( ext5d+ its object indef9itely4 ,& ?us ! insuffici5cy ( p]sonal human love is made manife/4 ,& "h ! advocates ( ,positivi/1 ,communi/ic1 ,sociali/ic frat]nity propose to draw ^u ,*ri/ian love to make up ! default ( ?is bankrupt human love2 b ,*ri/ian love only 9 its results1 n 9 its f\ndations1 ,!y propose love = humanity alone1 ap>t f love = ,god4 ,b su* a love _c exi/4 ,!re is no motive to produce x4 ,*ri/ian love is ! result only ( ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 9 :i* ! aim ( life is to love & s]ve ,god4 ,! social conception ( life has l$ m51 by a natural transition f love ( self & !n ( family1 tribe1 nation1 & /ate1 to a consci\sness ( ! necessity ( love = humanity1 a conception :i* has no def9ite limits & ext5ds to all liv+ ?+s4 ,& ?is necessity = love ( :at awak5s no k9d ( s5tim5t 9 a man is a contradiction :i* _c be solv$ by ! social !ory ( life4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e 9 its full significance c alone solve x1 by giv+ a new mean+ to life4 ,*ri/ianity recognizes love ( self1 ( family1 ( nation1 & ( humanity1 & n only ( humanity1 b ( ev]y?+ liv+1 ev]y?+ exi/+2 x recognizes ! necessity ( an inf9ite ext5sion ( ! sph]e ( love4 ,b ! object ( ?is love is n f\nd outside self 9 societies ( individuals1 nor 9 ! ext]nal _w1 b )9 self1 9 ! div9e self ^: ess5ce is t v love1 :i* ! animal self is br\ght to feel ! ne$ ( ?r\gh its consci\sness ( its own p]i%able nature4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e & ^? :i* prec$$ x is t ! social doctr9e said3 ,live 9 opposition to y\r nature und]/&+ by ?is only ! animal nature1 make x subject to ! ext]nal law ( family1 society1 & /ate4 ,*ri/ianity says3 ,live accord+ to y\r nature und]/&+ by ?is ! div9e nature2 d n make x subject to any?+--nei!r y 7an animal self7 nor t ( o!rs--& y w atta9 ! v aim to :i* y are /riv+ :5 y subject y\r ext]nal self4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e br+s a man to ! elem5t>y consci\sness ( self1 only n ( ! animal self1 b ( ! div9e self1 ! div9e sp>k1 ! self z ! ,son ( ,god1 z mu* ,god z ! ,fa!r himself1 ?\gh conf9$ 9 an animal husk4 ,! consci\sness ( be+ ! ,son ( ,god1 ^: *ief *>act]i/ic is love1 satisfies ! ne$ = ! ext5sion ( ! sph]e ( love to :i* ! man ( ! social conception ( life _h be5 br\ght4 ,= ! latt]1 ! welf>e ( ! p]sonality dem&$ an ev]-wid5+ ext5sion ( ! sph]e ( love2 love 0 a necessity & 0 conf9$ to c]ta9 objects--self1 family1 society4 ,) ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 love is n a necessity & is conf9$ to no object2 x is ! ess5tial faculty ( ! human s\l4 ,man loves n because x is 8 int]e/ to love ?is or t1 b because love is ! ess5ce ( 8 s\l1 because he _c b love4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e %[s man t ! ess5ce ( 8 s\l is love--t 8 happ9ess dep5ds n on lov+ ?is or t object1 b on lov+ ! pr9ciple ( ! :ole--,god1 :om he recognizes )9 himself z love1 & !re=e he loves all ?+s & all m54 ,9 ?is is ! fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e & ! doctr9e ( ! ,positivi/s1 & all ! !oriz]s ab\t univ]sal bro!rhood on non-*ri/ian pr9ciples4 ,su* are ! two pr9cipal misund]/&+s relat+ to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 f :i* ! great] numb] ( false reason+s ab\t x proce$4 ,! fir/ consi/s 9 ! belief t ,*ri/'s tea*+ in/ructs m51 l all previ\s religions1 by rules1 :i* !y are b\nd to foll[1 & t ^! rules _c be fulfill$4 ,! second is ! idea t ! :ole purport ( ,*ri/ianity is to tea* m5 to live advantage\sly toge!r1 z "o family1 & t to atta9 ?is we ne$ only foll[ ! rule ( love to humanity1 dismiss+ all ?\ght ( love ( ,god altoge!r4 ,! mi/ak5 notion ( sci5tific m5 t ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity consi/s 9 ! sup]natural1 & t its moral tea*+ is impracticable1 con/itutes ano!r reason ( ! failure ( m5 ( ! pres5t day to und]/& ,*ri/ianity4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,contradiction ,,betwe5 ,,our ,,life ,,& ,,our ,,*ri/ian ,,consci5ce4 ,m5 ,?9k !y c ,accept ,*ri/ianity )\t ,alt]+ _! ,life--,pagan ,conception ( ,life does n ,correspond ) ,pres5t ,/age ( ,developm5t ( ,humanity1 & ,*ri/ian ,conception ,alone ,c ,accord ) x--,*ri/ian ,conception ( ,life n yet ,und]/ood by ,m51 b ! ,progress ( ,life itself w ,lead !m ,inevitably to ,adopt x--,! ,requirem5ts ( a ,new ,!ory ( ,life ,always ,seem ,incompreh5sible1 ,my/ic1 & ,sup]natural--,s ,seem ! ,requirem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,!ory ( ,life to ! ,majority ( ,m5--,! ,absorption ( ! ,*ri/ian ,conception ( ,life w ,inevitably be ,br\ght ,ab\t z ! ,result ( ,mat]ial & ,spiritual ,causes--,! ,fact ( ,m5 ,kn[+ ! ,requirem5ts ( ! ,high] ,view ( ,life1 & yet ,cont9u+ to ,pres]ve ,inf]ior ,organizations ( ,life1 ,leads to ,contradictions & ,suff]+s :i* ,embitt] ,exi/5ce & ,mu/ ,result 9 its ,trans=mation--,! ,contradictions ( our ,life--,! ,economic ,contradiction & ! ,suff]+ ,induc$ by x = ,ri* & ,poor ,alike--,! ,political ,contradiction & ! ,suff]+s ,induc$ by ,ob$i5ce to ! ,laws ( ! ,/ate--,! ,int]national ,contradiction & ! ,recognition ( x by ,contempor>ies3 ,kom>ovsky1 ,f]ri1 ,boo?1 ,passy1 ,lawson1 ,wilson1 ,b>tlett1 ,def\rney1 ,moneta--,! ,/rik+ ,"* ( ! ,milit>y ,contradiction4 ,!re are _m reasons :y ,*ri/'s tea*+ is n und]/ood4 ,"o reason is t p suppose !y h und]/ood x :5 !y h decid$1 z ! ,*ur*m5 d1 t x 0 reveal$ by sup]natural means1 or :5 !y h /udi$1 z ! sci5tific m5 d1 ! ext]nal =ms 9 :i* x has be5 manife/$4 ,ano!r reason is ! mi/ak5 notion t x is impracticable1 & ought to be replac$ by ! doctr9e ( love = humanity4 ,b ! pr9cipal reason1 :i* is ! s\rce ( all ! o!r mi/ak5 ideas ab\t x1 is ! notion t ,*ri/ianity is a doctr9e :i* c be accept$ or reject$ )\t any *ange ( life4 ,m5 :o are us$ to ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 :o l x & dread its be+ *ang$1 try to take ! doctr9e z a collection ( revelations & rules :i* "o c accept )\t _! modify+ "o's life4 ,:ile ,*ri/'s tea*+ is n only a doctr9e :i* gives rules :i* a man mu/ foll[1 x unfolds a new mean+ 9 life1 & def9es a :ole _w ( human activity q diff]5t f all t has prec$$ x & appropriate to ! p]iod on :i* man is ent]+4 ,! life ( humanity *anges & advances1 l ! life ( ! individual1 by /ages1 & e /age has a !ory ( life appropriate to x1 :i* is inevitably absorb$ by m54 ,^? :o d n absorb x consci\sly1 absorb x unconsci\sly4 ,x is ! same ) ! *anges 9 ! beliefs ( peoples & ( all humanity z x is ) ! *anges ( belief ( individuals4 ,if ! fa!r ( a family cont9ues to be guid$ 9 8 conduct by 8 *ildi% conceptions ( life1 life becomes s difficult = him t he involunt>ily seeks ano!r philosophy & readily absorbs t :i* is appropriate to 8 age4 ,t is j :at is happ5+ n[ to humanity at ?is "t ( transition ?r\gh :i* we are pass+1 f ! pagan conception ( life to ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! socializ$ man ( ! pres5t day is br\ght by exp]i5ce ( life itself to ! necessity ( ab&on+ ! pagan conception ( life1 :i* is inappropriate to ! pres5t /age ( humanity1 & ( submitt+ to ! obligation ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9es1 ! tru?s ( :i*1 h[ev] corrupt & mis9t]pret$1 are /ill kn[n to him1 & alone (f] him a solution ( ! contradictions surr\nd+ him4 ,if ! requirem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e seem /range & ev5 al>m+ to ! man ( ! social !ory ( life1 no less /range1 incompreh5sible1 & al>m+ to ! savage ( anci5t times seem$ ! requirem5ts ( ! social doctr9e :5 x 0 n fully und]/ood & c\ld n be =ese5 9 its results4 ,x is unreasonable1 said ! savage1 to sacrifice my peace ( m9d or my life 9 def5se ( some?+ incompreh5sible1 impalpable1 & conv5tional--family1 tribe1 or nation2 & above all x is unsafe to put oneself at ! disposal ( ! p[] ( o!rs4 ,b ! "t came :5 ! savage1 on "o h&1 felt1 ?\gh vaguely1 ! value ( ! social conception ( life1 & ( its *ief motor p[]1 social c5sure1 or social approbation--glory1 & :51 on ! o!r h&1 ! difficulties ( 8 p]sonal life became s great t he c\ld n cont9ue to believe 9 ! value ( 8 old !ory ( life4 ,!n he accept$ ! social1 /ate !ory ( life & submitt$ to x4 ,t is j :at ! man ( ! social !ory ( life is pass+ ?r\gh n[4 ,x is unreasonable1 says ! socializ$ man1 to sacrifice my welf>e & t ( my family & my c\ntry 9 ord] to fulfill "s high] law1 :i* requires me to r5\nce my mo/ natural & virtu\s feel+s ( love ( self1 ( family1 ( k9dr$1 & ( c\ntry2 & above all1 x is unsafe to "p ) ! security ( life af=d$ by ! organization ( gov]nm5t4 ,b ! "t is com+ :51 on "o h&1 ! vague consci\sness 9 8 s\l ( ! high] law1 ( love to ,god & 8 neighbor1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ! suff]+1 result+ f ! contradictions ( life1 w =ce ! man to reject ! social !ory & to assimilate ! new "o prep>$ ready = him1 :i* solves all ! contradictions & removes all 8 suff]+s--! ,*ri/ian !ory ( life4 ,& ?is "t has n[ come4 ,we1 :o ?\s&s ( ye>s ago pass$ ?r\gh ! transition1 f ! p]sonal1 animal view ( life to ! socializ$ view1 imag9e t t transition 0 an inevitable & natural "o2 b ?is transition ?r\gh :i* we h be5 pass+ = ! la/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s seems arbitr>y1 unnatural1 & al>m+4 ,b we only fancy ?is because t fir/ transition has be5 s fully complet$ t ! practice atta9$ by x has become unconsci\s & in/9ctive 9 u1 :ile ! pres5t transition is n yet ov] & we h to complete x consci\sly4 ,x took ages1 ?\s&s ( ye>s1 = ! social conception ( life to p]meate m5's consci\sness4 ,x w5t ?r\gh v>i\s =ms & has n[ pass$ into ! region ( ! in/9ctive ?r\gh inh]itance1 education1 & habit4 ,& !re=e x seems natural to u4 ,b five ?\s& ye>s ago x seem$ z unnatural & al>m+ to m5 z ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e 9 its true s5se seems to-day4 ,we ?9k to-day t ! requirem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e--( univ]sal bro!rhood1 suppression ( national di/9ctions1 abolition ( private prop]ty1 & ! /range injunction ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce--dem& :at is impossible4 ,b x 0 j ! same ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 ) e social or ev5 family duty1 su* z ! duty ( p>5ts to support _! *ildr51 ( ! "y to ma9ta9 ! old1 ( fidelity 9 m>riage4 ,/ill m /range1 & ev5 unreasonable1 seem$ ! /ate duties ( submitt+ to ! appo9t$ au?ority1 & pay+ taxes1 & fight+ 9 def5se ( ! c\ntry1 & s on4 ,all su* requirem5ts seem simple1 compreh5sible1 & natural to u to-day1 & we see no?+ my/]i\s or al>m+ 9 !m4 ,b ?ree or five ?\s& ye>s ago !y seem$ to require :at 0 impossible4 ,! social conception ( life s]v$ z ! basis ( religion because at ! "t :5 x 0 fir/ pres5t$ to m5 x seem$ to !m absolutely incompreh5sible1 my/ic1 & sup]natural4 ,n[ t we h outliv$ t phase ( ! life ( humanity1 we und]/& ! rational gr\nds = unit+ m5 9 families1 communities1 & /ates4 ,b 9 antiquity ! duties involv$ by su* association 7 pres5t$ "u cov] ( ! sup]natural & 7 confirm$ by x4 ,! patri>*al religions exalt$ ! family1 ! tribe1 ! nation4 ,/ate religions deifi$ emp]ors & /ates4 ,ev5 n[ mo/ ignorant p--l our peasants1 :o call ! ,tz> an e>?ly god--obey /ate laws1 n ?r\gh any rational recognition ( _! necessity1 nor because !y h any conception ( ! mean+ ( /ate1 b ?r\gh a religi\s s5tim5t4 ,9 precisely ! same way ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is pres5t$ to m5 ( ! social or hea!n !ory ( life to-day1 9 ! guise ( a sup]natural religion1 ?\gh !re is 9 reality no?+ my/]i\s1 my/ic1 or sup]natural ab\t x4 ,x is simply ! !ory ( life :i* is appropriate to ! pres5t degree ( mat]ial developm5t1 ! pres5t /age ( gr[? ( humanity1 & :i* mu/ !re=e inevitably be accept$4 ,! "t w come--x is already com+--:5 ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciples ( equality & frat]nity1 community ( prop]ty1 non-resi/ance ( evil by =ce1 w appe> j z natural & simple z ! pr9ciples ( family or social life seem to u n[4 ,humanity c no m g backw>d 9 its developm5t ?an ! individual man4 ,m5 h outliv$ ! social1 family1 & /ate conceptions ( life4 ,n[ !y mu/ g =w>d & assimilate ! next & high] conception ( life1 :i* is :at is n[ tak+ place4 ,?is *ange is br\ght ab\t 9 two ways3 consci\sly ?r\gh spiritual causes1 & unconsci\sly ?r\gh mat]ial causes4 ,j z ! individual man v r>ely *anges 8 way ( life at ! dictates ( 8 reason alone1 b g5]ally cont9ues to live z be=e1 9 spite ( ! new int]e/s & aims reveal$ to him by 8 reason1 & only alt]s 8 way ( liv+ :5 x has become absolutely oppos$ to 8 consci5ce1 & consequ5tly intol]able to him2 s1 too1 humanity1 long aft] x has le>nt ?r\gh its religions ! new int]e/s & aims ( life1 t[>d :i* x mu/ /rive1 cont9ues 9 ! majority ( its repres5tatives to live z be=e1 & is only br\ght to accept ! new conception by f9d+ x impossible to g on liv+ its old life z be=e4 ,?\gh ! ne$ ( a *ange ( life is prea*$ by ! religi\s lead]s & recogniz$ & realiz$ by ! mo/ intellig5t m51 ! majority1 9 spite ( _! rev]5tial attitude to _! lead]s1 t is1 _! fai? 9 _! tea*+1 cont9ue to be guid$ by ! old !ory ( life 9 _! pres5t complex exi/5ce4 ,z ?\gh ! fa!r ( a family1 kn[+ h[ he ought to behave at 8 age1 %\ld yet cont9ue ?r\gh habit & ?\ghtlessness to live 9 ! same *ildi% way z he did 9 boyhood4 ,t is j :at is happ5+ 9 ! transition ( humanity f "o /age to ano!r1 ?r\gh :i* we are pass+ n[4 ,humanity has outgr[n its social /age & has ent]$ ^u a new p]iod4 ,x recognizes ! doctr9e :i* ought to be made ! basis ( life 9 ?is new p]iod4 ,b ?r\gh in]tia x cont9ues to keep up ! old =ms ( life4 ,f ?is inconsi/5cy betwe5 ! new conception ( life & practical life foll[s a :ole succession ( contradictions & suff]+s :i* embitt] our life & necessitate its alt]ation4 ,"o ne$ only comp>e ! practice ( life ) ! !ory ( x1 to be dismay$ at ! gl>+ antagonism betwe5 our conditions ( life & our consci5ce4 ,our :ole life is 9 flat contradiction ) all we "k1 & ) all we reg>d z necess>y & "r4 ,?is contradiction runs ?r\gh ev]y?+1 9 economic life1 9 political life1 & 9 int]national life4 ,z ?\gh we _h =gott5 :at we knew & put away = a "t ! pr9ciples we believe 9 7we _c help /ill believ+ 9 !m because !y are ! only f\ndation we h to base our life on7 we d ! v opposite ( all t our consci5ce & our common s5se require ( u4 ,we are guid$ 9 economical1 political1 & int]national que/ions by ! pr9ciples :i* 7 appropriate to m5 ( ?ree or five ?\s& ye>s ago1 ?\gh !y are directly oppos$ to our consci5ce & ! conditions ( life 9 :i* we are plac$ to-day4 ,x 0 v well = ! man ( anci5t times to live 9 a society bas$ on ! division ( mank9d into ma/]s & slaves1 because he believ$ t su* a di/9ction 0 decre$ by ,god & mu/ always exi/4 ,b is su* a belief possible 9 ^! days8 ,! man ( antiquity c\ld believe he _h ! "r to enjoy ! good ?+s ( ?is _w at ! exp5se ( o!r m51 & to keep !m 9 mis]y = g5]ations1 s9ce he believ$ t m5 came f diff]5t orig9s1 7 base or noble 9 blood1 *ildr5 ( ,ham or ( ,japhet4 ,! greate/ sages ( ! _w1 ! tea*]s ( humanity1 ,plato & ,ari/otle1 ju/ifi$ ! exi/5ce ( slaves & demon/rat$ ! lawfulness ( slav]y2 & ev5 ?ree c5turies ago1 ! m5 :o describ$ an imag9>y society ( ! future1 ,utopia1 c\ld n conceive ( x )\t slaves4 ,m5 ( anci5t & m$ival times believ$1 firmly believ$1 t m5 are n equal1 t ! only true m5 are ,p]sians1 or ,greeks1 or ,romans1 or ,franks4 ,b we _c believe t n[4 ,& p :o sacrifice !mselves = ! pr9ciples ( ari/ocracy & ( patriotism to-day1 don't believe & c't believe :at !y ass]t4 ,we all "k & _c help kn[+--ev5 ?\gh we may nev] h he>d ! idea cle>ly express$1 may nev] h read ( x1 & may nev] h put x into words1 /ill ?r\gh unconsci\sly imbib+ ! ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts t are 9 ! air--) our :ole he>t we "k & _c escape kn[+ ! fundam5tal tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 t we are all sons ( "o ,fa!r1 :]ev] we may live & :atev] language we may speak2 we are all bro!rs & are subject to ! same law ( love implant$ by our common ,fa!r 9 our he>ts4 ,:atev] ! op9ions & degree ( education ( a man ( to-day1 :atev] 8 %ade ( lib]alism1 :atev] 8 s*ool ( philosophy1 or ( sci5ce1 or ( economics1 h[ev] ignorant or sup]/iti\s he may be1 e man ( ! pres5t day kn[s t all m5 h an equal "r to life & ! good ?+s ( life1 & t "o set ( p are no bett] nor worse ?an ano!r1 t all are equal4 ,ev]yone kn[s ?is1 beyond d\bt2 ev]yone feels x 9 8 :ole be+4 ,yet at ! same "t ev]yone sees all r\nd him ! division ( m5 into two ca/es--! "o1 labor+1 oppress$1 poor1 & suff]+1 ! o!r idle1 oppress+1 luxuri\s1 & pr(ligate4 ,& ev]yone n only sees ?is1 b volunt>ily or involunt>ily1 9 "o way or ano!r1 he takes "p 9 ma9ta9+ ?is di/9ction :i* 8 consci5ce condemns4 ,& he _c help suff]+ f ! consci\sness ( ?is contradiction & 8 %>e 9 x4 ,:e!r he be ma/] or slave1 ! man ( to-day _c help con/antly feel+ ! pa9ful opposition betwe5 8 consci5ce & actual life1 & ! mis]ies result+ f x4 ,! toil+ masses1 ! imm5se majority ( mank9d :o are suff]+ "u ! incessant1 mean+less1 & hopeless toil & privation 9 :i* _! :ole life is swall[$ up1 /ill f9d _! ke5e/ suff]+ 9 ! gl>+ contra/ betwe5 :at is & :at ought to be1 accord+ to all ! beliefs held by !mselves1 & ^? :o h br\ght !m to t condition & keep !m 9 x4 ,!y "k t !y are 9 slav]y & condemn$ to privation & d>kness to m9i/] to ! lu/s ( ! m9ority :o keep !m d[n4 ,!y "k x1 & !y say s pla9ly4 ,& ?is k increases _! suff]+s & con/itutes its bitt]e/ /+4 ,! slave ( antiquity knew t he 0 a slave by nature1 b our labor]1 :ile he feels he is a slave1 kn[s t he ought n to be1 & s he ta/es ! agony ( ,tantalus1 =ev] desir+ & nev] ga9+ :at might & ought to be 84 ,! suff]+s ( ! work+ classes1 spr++ f ! contradiction betwe5 :at is & :at ought to be1 are increas$ t5fold by ! envy & hatr$ eng5d]$ by _! consci\sness ( x4 ,! labor] ( ! pres5t day w\ld n cease to suff] ev5 if 8 toil 7 mu* light] ?an t ( ! slave ( anci5t times1 ev5 if he ga9$ an eight-h\r work+ day & a wage ( ?ree doll>s a day4 ,= he is work+ at ! manufacture ( ?+s :i* he w n enjoy1 work+ n by 8 own w = 8 own b5efit1 b ?r\gh necessity1 to satisfy ! desires ( luxuri\s & idle p 9 g5]al1 & = ! pr(it ( a s+le ri* man1 ! own] ( a factory or work%op 9 p>ticul>4 ,& he kn[s t all ?is is go+ on 9 a _w 9 :i* x is a recogniz$ sci5tific pr9ciple t labor alone creates weal?1 & t to pr(it by ! labor ( o!rs is immoral1 di%one/1 & puni%able by law2 9 a _w1 moreov]1 :i* pr(esses to believe ,*ri/'s doctr9e t we are all bro!rs1 & t true m]it & dignity is to be f\nd 9 s]v+ "o's neighbor1 n 9 exploit+ him4 ,all ?is he kn[s1 & he _c b suff] ke5ly f ! %>p contra/ betwe5 :at is & :at ought to be4 ,accord+ to all pr9ciples1 accord+ to all ,i "k1 & :at ev]yone pr(esses1 ! workman says to himself4 ,i ought to be free1 equal to ev]yone else1 & lov$2 & ,i am--a slave1 humiliat$ & hat$4 ,& he too is fill$ ) hatr$ & tries to f9d means to escape f 8 position1 to %ake (f ! enemy :o is ov]-rid+ him1 & to oppress him 9 turn4 ,p say1 ,workm5 h no bus9ess to try to become capitali/s1 ! poor to try to put !mselves 9 ! place ( ! ri*4 ,t is a mi/ake4 ,! work+m5 & ! poor w\ld be wrong if !y tri$ to d s 9 a _w 9 :i* slaves & ma/]s 7 reg>d$ z diff]5t species creat$ by ,god2 b !y are liv+ 9 a _w :i* pr(esses ! fai? ( ! ,gospel1 t all are alike sons ( ,god1 & s bro!rs & equal4 ,& h[ev] m5 may try to conceal x1 "o ( ! fir/ conditions ( ,*ri/ian life is love1 n 9 words b 9 de$s4 ,! man ( ! s-call$ educat$ classes lives 9 /ill m gl>+ inconsi/5cy & suff]+4 ,e educat$ man1 if he believes 9 any?+1 believes 9 ! bro!rhood ( all m51 or at lea/ he has a s5tim5t ( humanity1 or else ( ju/ice1 or else he believes 9 sci5ce4 ,& all ! :ile he kn[s t 8 :ole life is fram$ on pr9ciples 9 direct opposition to x all1 to all ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 humanity1 ju/ice1 & sci5ce4 ,he kn[s t all ! habits 9 :i* he has be5 br\ght up1 & :i* he c\ld n give up )\t suff]+1 c only be satisfi$ ?r\gh ! exhau/+1 (t5 fatal1 toil ( oppress$ labor]s1 t is1 ?r\gh ! mo/ obvi\s & brutal violation ( ! pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity1 humanity1 & ju/ice1 & ev5 ( sci5ce 7t is1 economic sci5ce74 ,he advocates ! pr9ciples ( frat]nity1 humanity1 ju/ice1 & sci5ce1 & yet he lives s t he is dep5d5t on ! oppression ( ! work+ classes1 :i* he d5\nces1 & 8 :ole life is bas$ on ! advantages ga9$ by _! oppression4 ,moreov] he is direct+ e ef=t to ma9ta9+ ?is /ate ( ?+s s flatly oppos$ to all 8 beliefs4 ,we are all bro!rs--& yet e morn+ a bro!r or a si/] mu/ empty ! b$room slops = me4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b e morn+ ,i mu/ h a cig>1 a sweetmeat1 an ice1 & su* ?+s1 :i* my bro!rs & si/]s h be5 wa/+ _! heal? 9 manufactur+1 & ,i enjoy ^! ?+s & dem& !m4 ,we are all bro!rs1 yet ,i live by work+ 9 a bank1 or m]cantile h\se1 or %op at mak+ all goods de>] = my bro!rs4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b ,i live on a sal>y paid me = prosecut+1 judg+1 & condemn+ ! ?ief or ! pro/itute ^: exi/5ce ! :ole t5or ( my life t5ds to br+ ab\t1 & :o ,i "k ought n to be puni%$ b re=m$4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b ,i live on ! sal>y ,i ga9 by collect+ taxes f ne$y labor]s to be sp5t on ! luxuries ( ! ri* & idle4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b ,i take a /ip5d = prea*+ a false ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* ,i d n myself believe 91 & :i* only s]ves to h9d] m5 f und]/&+ true ,*ri/ianity4 ,i take a /ip5d z prie/ or bi%op = deceiv+ m5 9 ! matt] ( ! greate/ importance to !m4 ,we are all bro!rs1 b ,i w n give ! poor ! b5efit ( my educational1 m$ical1 or lit]>y labors except = money4 ,we are all bro!rs1 yet ,i take a sal>y = be+ ready to commit murd]1 = tea*+ m5 to murd]1 or mak+ fire>ms1 gunp[d]1 or =tifications4 ,! :ole life ( ! upp] classes is a con/ant inconsi/5cy4 ,! m delicate a man's consci5ce is1 ! m pa9ful ?is contradiction is to him4 ,a man ( s5sitive consci5ce _c b suff] if he lives su* a life4 ,! only means by :i* he c escape f ?is suff]+ is by blunt+ 8 consci5ce1 b ev5 if "s m5 succe$ 9 dull+ _! consci5ce !y _c dull _! fe>s4 ,! m5 ( ! high] dom9at+ classes ^: consci5ce is naturally n s5sitive or has become blunt$1 if !y don't suff] ?r\gh consci5ce1 suff] f fe> & hatr$4 ,!y are b\nd to suff]4 ,!y "k all ! hatr$ ( !m exi/+1 & inevitably exi/+ 9 ! work+ classes4 ,!y are aw>e t ! work+ classes "k t !y are deceiv$ & exploit$1 & t !y are beg9n+ to organize !mselves to %ake (f oppression & rev5ge !mselves on _! oppressors4 ,! high] classes see ! unions1 ! /rikes1 ! ,may ,day ,celebrations1 & feel ! calamity t is ?reat5+ !m1 & _! t]ror passes into an in/9ct ( self-def5se & hatr$4 ,!y "k t if = "o in/ant !y are wor/$ 9 ! /ruggle ) _! oppress$ slaves1 !y w p]i%1 because ! slaves are exasp]at$ & _! exasp]ation is gr[+ m int5se ) e day ( oppression4 ,! oppressors1 ev5 if !y wi%$ to d s1 c\ld n make an end to oppression4 ,!y "k t !y !mselves w p]i% directly !y ev5 relax ! h>%ness ( _! oppression4 ,& !y d n relax x1 9 spite ( all _! pret5d$ c>e = ! welf>e ( ! work+ classes1 = ! eight-h\r day1 = regulation ( ! labor ( m9ors & ( wom51 = sav+s banks & p5sions4 ,all t is humbug1 or else simply anxiety to keep ! slave fit to d 8 "w4 ,b ! slave is /ill a slave1 & ! ma/] :o _c live )\t a slave is less dispos$ to set him free ?an ev]4 ,! attitude ( ! rul+ classes to ! labor]s is t ( a man :o has fell$ 8 adv]s>y to ! e>? & holds him d[n1 n s mu* because he wants to hold him d[n1 z because he kn[s t if he let him g1 ev5 = a second1 he w\ld himself be /abb$1 = 8 adv]s>y is infuriat$ & has a knife 9 8 h&4 ,& !re=e1 :e!r _! consci5ce is t5d] or ! rev]se1 our ri* m5 _c enjoy ! weal? !y h fil*$ f ! poor z ! anci5ts did :o believ$ 9 _! "r to x4 ,_! :ole life & all _! enjoym5ts are embitt]$ ei!r by ! /+s ( consci5ce or by t]ror4 ,s mu* = ! economic contradiction4 ,! political contradiction is ev5 m /rik+4 ,all m5 are br\ght up to ! habit ( obey+ ! laws ( ! /ate be=e ev]y?+4 ,! :ole exi/5ce ( mod]n times is def9$ by laws4 ,a man m>ries & is divorc$1 educates 8 *ildr51 & ev5 79 _m c\ntries7 pr(esses 8 religi\s fai? 9 accordance ) ! law4 ,:at ab\t ! law !n :i* def9es our :ole exi/5ce8 ,d m5 believe 9 x8 ,d !y reg>d x z good8 ,n at all4 ,9 ! majority ( cases p ( ! pres5t "t d n believe 9 ! ju/ice ( ! law1 !y despise x1 b /ill !y obey x4 ,x 0 v well = ! m5 ( ! anci5t _w to obs]ve _! laws4 ,!y firmly believ$ t _! law 7x 0 g5]ally ( a religi\s "*7 0 ! only j law1 :i* ev]yone ought to obey4 ,b is x s ) u8 we "k & _c help kn[+ t ! law ( our c\ntry is n ! "o et]nal law2 t x is only "o ( ! _m laws ( diff]5t c\ntries1 :i* are equally imp]fect1 (t5 obvi\sly wrong & unju/1 & are criticis$ f e po9t ( view 9 ! newspap]s4 ,! ,jew might well obey 8 laws1 s9ce he _h n ! slighte/ d\bt t ,god _h writt5 !m ) 8 f+]2 ! ,roman too might well obey ! laws :i* he ?\ght _h be5 dictat$ by ! nymph ,eg]ia4 ,m5 might well obs]ve ! laws if !y believ$ ! ,tz>s :o made !m 7 ,god's ano9t$1 or ev5 if !y ?\ght !y 7 ! "w ( assemblies ( lawgiv]s :o _h ! p[] & ! desire to make !m z good z possible4 ,b we all "k h[ our laws are made4 ,we h all be5 beh9d ! sc5es1 we "k t !y are ! product ( covet\sness1 trick]y1 & p>ty /ruggles2 t !re is n & _c be any real ju/ice 9 !m4 ,& s mod]n m5 _c believe t ob$i5ce to civic or political laws c satisfy ! dem&s ( ! reason or ( human nature4 ,m5 h long ago recogniz$ t x is irrational to obey a law ! ju/ice ( :i* is v d\btful1 & s !y _c b suff] 9 obey+ a law :i* !y d n accept z judici\s & b9d+4 ,a man _c b suff] :5 8 :ole life is def9$ be=eh& = him by laws1 :i* he mu/ obey "u ?reat ( puni%m5t1 ?\gh he does n believe 9 _! wisdom or ju/ice1 & (t5 cle>ly p]ceives _! inju/ice1 cruelty1 & artificiality4 ,we recognize ! uselessness ( cu/oms & import duties1 & are oblig$ to pay !m4 ,we recognize ! uselessness ( ! exp5diture on ! ma9t5ance ( ! ,c\rt & o!r memb]s ( ,gov]nm5t1 & we reg>d ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* z injuri\s1 b we are oblig$ to be> our %>e ( ! exp5ses ( ^! in/itutions4 ,we reg>d ! puni%m5ts inflict$ by law z cruel & %ameless1 b we mu/ assi/ 9 support+ !m4 ,we reg>d z unju/ & p]nici\s ! di/ribution ( l&$ prop]ty1 b we are oblig$ to submit to x4 ,we see no necessity = w>s & armies1 b we mu/ be> t]ribly heavy burd5s 9 support ( troops & w> exp5ses4 ,b ?is contradiction is no?+ 9 comp>ison ) ! contradiction :i* confronts u :5 we turn to int]national que/ions1 & :i* dem&s a solution "u pa9 ( ! loss ( ! sanity & ev5 ! exi/5ce ( ! human race4 ,t is ! contradiction betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce & w>4 ,we are all ,*ri/ian nations liv+ ! same spiritual life1 s t e noble & pregnant ?\ght1 spr++ up at "o end ( ! _w1 is at once communicat$ to ! :ole ( ,*ri/ian humanity & evokes ev]y:]e ! same emotion ( pride & rejoic+ )\t di/9ction ( nationalities4 ,we :o love ?9k]s1 philan?ropi/s1 poets1 & sci5tific m5 ( =eign orig91 & are z pr\d ( ! exploits ( ,fa!r ,dami5 z if he 7 "o ( ourselves1 we1 :o h a simple love = m5 ( =eign nationalities1 ,fr5*m51 ,g]mans1 ,am]icans1 & ,engli%m51 :o respect _! qualities1 are glad to meet !m & make !m s w>mly welcome1 _c reg>d w> ) !m z any?+ h]oic4 ,we _c ev5 imag9e )\t horror ! possibility ( a disagreem5t betwe5 ^! p & ourselves :i* w\ld call = reciprocal murd]4 ,yet we are all b\nd to take a h& 9 ?is slaught] :i* is b\nd to come to pass to-morr[--if n to-day4 ,x 0 v well = ! ,jew1 ! ,greek1 & ! ,roman to def5d ! indep5d5ce ( 8 nation by murd]4 ,= he pi\sly believ$ t 8 p 0 ! only true1 f9e1 & good p de> to ,god1 & all ! re/ 7 ,phili/9es1 b>b>ians4 ,m5 ( m$ival times--ev5 up to ! end ( ! la/ & beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury--might cont9ue to hold ?is belief4 ,b h[ev] mu* we "w ^u ourselves we _c believe x4 ,& ?is contradiction = m5 ( ! pres5t day has become s full ( horror t )\t its solution life is no long] possible4 ,we live 9 a "t :i* is full ( inconsi/5cies1 writes ,c\nt ,kom>ovsky1 ! pr(essor ( int]national law1 9 8 le>n$ treatise4 ,! press ( all c\ntries is cont9ually express+ ! univ]sal desire = peace1 & ! g5]al s5se ( its necessity = all nations4 ,repres5tatives ( gov]nm5ts1 private p]sons1 & (ficial organs say ! same ?+2 x is repeat$ 9 p>liam5t>y debates1 diplomatic correspond5ce1 & ev5 9 /ate treaties4 ,at ! same "t gov]nm5ts are increas+ ! /r5g? ( _! armies e ye>1 levy+ fre% taxes1 rais+ loans1 & leav+ z a beque/ to future g5]ations ! duty ( repair+ ! blund]s ( ! s5seless policy ( ! pres5t4 ,:at a /rik+ contra/ betwe5 words & de$s6 ,( c\rse gov]nm5ts w plead 9 ju/ification ( ^! measures t all _! exp5diture & armam5t are exclusively = purposes ( def5se4 ,b x rema9s a my/]y to e dis9t]e/$ man :5ce !y c expect attacks if all ! great p[]s are s+le-he>t$ 9 _! policy1 9 pursu+ no?+ b self-def5se4 ,9 reality x looks z if ea* ( ! great p[]s 7 e in/ant anticipat+ an attack on ! "p ( ! o!rs4 ,& ?is results 9 a g5]al feel+ ( insecurity & sup]human ef=ts on ! "p ( ea* gov]nm5t to increase _! =ces beyond ^? ( ! o!r p[]s4 ,su* a competition ( itself increases ! dang] ( w>4 ,nations _c endure ! con/ant increase ( armies = long1 & soon] or lat] !y w pref] w> to all ! disadvantages ( _! pres5t position & ! con/ant m5ace ( w>4 ,!n ! mo/ trifl+ pretext w be suffici5t to ?r[ ! :ole ( ,europe into ! fire ( univ]sal w>4 ,& x is a mi/ak5 idea t su* a crisis might deliv] u f ! political & economical tr\bles t are cru%+ u4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! w>s ( latt] ye>s tea*es u t e w> has only int5sifi$ national hatr$s1 made milit>y burd5s m cru%+ & insupportable1 & r5d]$ ! political & economical position ( ,europe m griev\s & insoluble4 ,mod]n ,europe keeps "u arms an active army ( n9e millions ( m51 writes ,enrico ,f]ri1 besides fifte5 millions ( res]ve1 ) an outlay ( f\r hundr$ millions ( francs p] annum4 ,by cont9ual increase ( ! arm$ =ce1 ! s\rces ( social & individual prosp]ity are p>alyz$1 & ! /ate ( ! mod]n _w may be comp>$ to t ( a man :o condemns himself to wa/+ f lack ( nutrition 9 ord] to provide himself ) arms1 los+ !reby ! /r5g? to use ! arms he provides1 "u ! weight ( :i* he w at la/ succumb4 ,*>les ,boo?1 9 8 pap] read 9 ,london be=e ! ,association = ! ,re=m & ,codification ( ! ,law ( ,nations1 ,june #bf1 #ahhg1 says ! same ?+4 ,aft] ref]r+ to ! same numb]1 n9e millions ( ! active army & fifte5 millions ( res]ve1 & ! enorm\s exp5diture ( gov]nm5ts on ! support & arm+ ( ^! =ces1 he says3 ,^! figures repres5t only a small "p ( ! real co/1 because besides ! recogniz$ exp5diture ( ! w> budget ( ! v>i\s nations1 we ought also to take into acc\nt ! enorm\s loss to society involv$ 9 )draw+ f x su* an imm5se numb] ( its mo/ vigor\s m51 :o are tak5 f indu/rial pursuits & e k9d ( labor1 z well z ! enorm\s int]e/ on ! sums exp5d$ on milit>y prep>ations )\t any return4 ,! inevitable result ( ?is exp5diture on w> & prep>ations = w> is a cont9ually gr[+ national debt4 ,! great] numb] ( loans rais$ by ! gov]nm5ts ( ,europe 7 ) a view to w>4 ,_! total sum am\nts to f\r hundr$ millions /]l+1 & ^! debts are increas+ e ye>4 ,! same ,pr(essor ,kom>ovsky says 9 ano!r place3 ,we live 9 tr\bl$ times4 ,ev]y:]e we he> compla9ts ( ! depression ( trade & manufactures1 & ! wret*$ness ( ! economic position g5]ally1 ! mis]able conditions ( exi/5ce ( ! work+ classes1 & ! univ]sal impov]i%m5t ( ! masses4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is1 gov]nm5ts 9 _! ef=ts to ma9ta9 _! indep5d5ce ru% to ! greate/ extremes ( s5selessness4 ,new taxes & duties are be+ devis$ ev]y:]e1 & ! f9ancial oppression ( ! nations kn[s no limits4 ,if we glance at ! budgets ( ! /ates ( ,europe = ! la/ hundr$ ye>s1 :at /rikes u mo/ ( all is _! rapid & cont9ually gr[+ increase4 ,h[ c we expla9 ?is extraord9>y ph5om5on1 :i* soon] or lat] ?reat5s u all ) inevitable bankruptcy8 ,x is caus$ beyond dispute by ! exp5diture = ! ma9t5ance ( armam5ts :i* swall[s up a ?ird & ev5 a half ( all ! exp5diture ( ,european /ates4 ,& ! mo/ melan*oly ?+ is t "o c =esee no limit to ?is augm5tation ( ! budget & impov]i%m5t ( ! masses4 ,:at is socialism b a prote/ aga9/ ?is abnormal position 9 :i* ! great] proportion ( ! population ( our _w is plac$8 ,we are ru9+ ourselves1 says ,fr$]ick ,passy 9 a lett] read be=e ! la/ ,congress ( ,univ]sal ,peace 79 #ahij7 9 ,london1 we are ru9+ ourselves 9 ord] to be able to take "p 9 ! s5seless w>s ( ! future or to pay ! int]e/ on debts we h incurr$ by ! s5seless & crim9al w>s ( ! pa/4 ,we are dy+ ( hung] s z to secure ! means ( kill+ ea* o!r4 ,speak+ lat] on ( ! way ! subject is look$ at 9 ,france1 he says3 ,we believe t1 a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,decl>ation ( ! ,rights ( ,man & ( ! citiz51 ! "t has come to recognize ! rights ( nations & to r5\nce at once & =ev] all ^? und]tak+s bas$ on fraud & =ce1 :i*1 "u ! "n ( conque/s1 are v]itable crimes aga9/ humanity1 & :i*1 :atev] ! vanity ( mon>*s & ! pride ( nations may ?9k ( !m1 only weak5 ev5 ^? :o are triumphant ov] !m4 ,i am surpris$ at ! way religion is c>ri$ on 9 ?is c\ntry1 said ,sir ,wilfrid ,lawson at ! same congress4 ,y s5d a boy to ,sunday s*ool1 & y tell him3 ',de> boy1 y mu/ love y\r enemies4 ,if ano!r boy /rikes y1 y mu/n't hit him back1 b try to re=m him by lov+ him4' ,well4 ,! boy /ays 9 ! ,sunday s*ool till he is f\rte5 or fifte51 & !n 8 fri5ds s5d him into ! army4 ,:at has he to d 9 ! army8 ,he c]ta9ly won't love 8 enemy2 q ! contr>y1 if he c only get at him1 he w run him ?r\gh ) 8 bayonet4 ,t is ! nature ( all religi\s tea*+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i d n ?9k t t is a v good way ( c>ry+ out ! precepts ( religion4 ,i ?9k if x is a good ?+ = a boy to love 8 enemy1 x is good = a gr[n-up man4 ,!re are 9 ,europe tw5ty-eight millions ( m5 "u arms1 says ,wilson1 to decide disputes1 n by discussion1 b by murd]+ "o ano!r4 ,t is ! accept$ me?od = decid+ disputes among ,*ri/ian nations4 ,?is me?od is1 at ! same "t1 v exp5sive1 =1 accord+ to ! /ati/ics ,i h read1 ! nations ( ,europe sp5t 9 ! ye> #ahgb a hundr$ & fifty millions /]l+ on prep>ations = decid+ disputes by means ( murd]4 ,x seems to me1 !re=e1 t 9 su* a /ate ( ?+s "o ( two alt]natives mu/ be admitt$3 ei!r ,*ri/ianity is a failure1 or ^? :o h und]tak5 to exp\nd x h fail$ 9 do+ s4 ,until our w>riors are dis>m$ & our armies disb&$1 we h n ! "r to call ourselves a ,*ri/ian nation4 ,9 a conf]5ce on ! subject ( ! duty ( ,*ri/ian m9i/]s to prea* aga9/ w>1 ,g4 ,d4 ,b>tlett said among o!r ?+s3 ,if ,i und]/& ! ,scriptures1 ,i say t m5 are only play+ ) ,*ri/ianity s long z !y ignore ! "q ( w>4 ,i h liv$ a longi% life & h he>d our m9i/]s prea* on univ]sal peace h>dly half a doz5 times4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago1 9 a draw+ room1 ,i d>$ 9 ! pres5ce ( =ty p]sons to moot ! proposition t w> 0 incompatible ) ,*ri/ianity2 ,i 0 reg>d$ z an arrant fanatic4 ,! idea t we c\ld get on )\t w> 0 reg>d$ z unmitigat$ weakness & folly4 ,! ,ca?olic prie/ ,def\rney has express$ himself 9 ! same _s4 ,"o ( ! fir/ precepts ( ! et]nal law inscrib$ 9 ! consci5ces ( all m51 says ! ,abb ,def\rney1 is ! prohibition ( tak+ ! life or %$d+ ! blood ( a fell[-creature )\t suffici5t cause1 )\t be+ =c$ into ! necessity ( x4 ,?is is "o ( ! comm&m5ts :i* is mo/ deeply /amp$ 9 ! he>t ( man4 ,b s soon z x is a "q ( w>1 t is1 ( %$d+ blood 9 torr5ts1 m5 ( ! pres5t day d n tr\ble !mselves ab\t a suffici5t cause4 ,^? :o take "p 9 w>s d n ev5 ?9k ( ask+ !mselves :e!r !re is any ju/ification = ^! innum]able murd]s1 :e!r !y are ju/ifiable or unju/ifiable1 lawful or unlawful1 innoc5t or crim9al2 :e!r !y are break+ t fundam5tal comm&m5t t =bids kill+ )\t lawful cause4 ,b _! consci5ce is mute4 ,w> has ceas$ to be some?+ dep5d5t on moral consid]ations4 ,9 w>f>e m5 h 9 all ! toil & dang]s !y endure no o!r pleasure ?an t ( be+ conqu]ors1 no sorr[ o!r ?an t ( be+ conqu]$4 ,don't tell me t !y are s]v+ _! c\ntry4 ,a great g5ius answ]$ t long ago 9 ! words t h become a prov]b3 ',)\t ju/ice1 :at is an empire b a great b& ( brig&s8' ,& is n e b& ( brig&s a little empire8 ,!y too h _! laws2 & !y too make w> to ga9 booty1 & ev5 = honor4 ,! aim ( ! propos$ in/itution ! in/itution ( an int]national bo>d ( arbitration is t ! nations ( ,europe may cease to be nations ( robb]s1 & _! armies1 b&s ( brig&s4 ,& "o mu/ add1 n only brig&s1 b slaves4 ,= our armies are simply gangs ( slaves at ! disposal ( "o or two comm&]s or m9i/]s1 :o ex]cise a despotic control ov] !m )\t any real responsibility1 z we v well "k4 ,! peculi>ity ( a slave is t he is a m]e tool 9 ! h&s ( 8 ma/]1 a ?+1 n a man4 ,t is j :at soldi]s1 (fic]s1 & g5]als are1 go+ to murd] & be murd]$ at ! w ( a rul] or rul]s4 ,milit>y slav]y is an actual fact1 & x is ! wor/ =m ( slav]y1 especially n[ :5 by means ( compulsory s]vice x lays its fett]s on ! necks ( all ! /rong & capable m5 ( a nation1 to make !m in/rum5ts ( murd]1 but*]s ( human fle%1 = t is all !y are tak5 & tra9$ to d4 ,! rul]s1 two or ?ree 9 numb]1 meet toge!r 9 cab9ets1 secretly delib]ate )\t regi/]s1 )\t publicity1 & consequ5tly )\t responsibility1 & s5d m5 to be murd]$4 ,prote/s aga9/ armam5ts1 burd5some to ! p1 h n orig9at$ 9 our times1 says ,signor ,e4 ,g4 ,moneta4 ,he> :at ,montesquieu wrote 9 8 day4 ',france & "o might say1 ,europe w be ru9$ by soldi]s4 ,a new plague is spread+ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,x attacks sov]eigns & =ces !m to ma9ta9 an incr$ible numb] ( arm$ m54 ,?is plague is infecti\s & spreads1 because directly "o gov]nm5t increases its armam5t1 all ! o!rs d likewise4 ,s t no?+ is ga9$ by x b g5]al ru94 ',e gov]nm5t ma9ta9s z great an army z x possibly c\ld ma9ta9 if its p 7 ?reat5$ ) ext]m9ation1 & p call peace ?is /ate ( t5sion ( all aga9/ all4 ,& !re=e ,europe is s ru9$ t if private p]sons 7 9 ! position ( ! gov]nm5ts ( our cont95t1 ! ri*e/ ( !m w\ld n h en\gh to live on4 ,we are poor ?\gh we h ! weal? & trade ( ! :ole _w4' ,t 0 writt5 almo/ #aej ye>s ago4 ,! picture seems drawn f ! _w ( to-day4 ,"o ?+ only has *ang$--! =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,9 ,montesquieu's "t x 0 said t ! cause ( ! ma9t5ance ( great armam5ts 0 ! despotic p[] ( k+s1 :o made w> 9 ! hope ( augm5t+ by conque/ _! p]sonal rev5ues & ga9+ glory4 ,p us$ to say !n3 ',ah1 if only p c\ld elect ^? :o w\ld h ! "r to refuse gov]nm5ts ! soldi]s & ! money--!n !re w\ld be an end to milit>y politics4' ,n[ !re are repres5tative gov]nm5ts 9 almo/ ! :ole ( ,europe1 & 9 spite ( t1 w> exp5ditures & ! prep>ations = w> h increas$ to al>m+ proportions4 ,x is evid5t t ! insanity ( sov]eigns has ga9$ possession ( ! rul+ classes4 ,w> is n made n[ because "o k+ has be5 want+ 9 civility to ! mi/ress ( ano!r k+1 z x 0 9 ,l\is ,,xiv4's "t4 ,b ! natural & honorable s5tim5ts ( national honor & patriotism are s exagg]at$1 & ! public op9ion ( "o nation s excit$ aga9/ ano!r1 t x is en\gh = a /atem5t to be made 7ev5 ?\gh x may be a false report7 t ! ambassador ( "o /ate 0 n receiv$ by ! pr9cipal p]sonage ( ano!r /ate to cause ! outbreak ( ! mo/ awful & de/ructive w> !re has ev] be5 se54 ,europe keeps m soldi]s "u arms to-day ?an 9 ! "t ( ! great ,napoleonic w>s4 ,all citiz5s ) few exceptions are =c$ to sp5d "s ye>s 9 b>racks4 ,=tresses1 ars5als1 & %ips are built1 new weapons are con/antly be+ inv5t$1 to be replac$ 9 a %ort "t by fre% ones1 =1 sad to say1 sci5ce1 :i* ought always to be aim+ at ! good ( humanity1 assi/s 9 ! "w ( de/ruction1 & is con/antly inv5t+ new means = kill+ ! greate/ numb] ( m5 9 ! %orte/ "t4 ,& to ma9ta9 s great a multitude ( soldi]s & to make su* va/ prep>ations = murd]1 hundr$s ( millions are sp5t annually1 sums :i* w\ld be suffici5t = ! education ( ! p & = imm5se works ( public utility1 & :i* w\ld make x possible to f9d a peaceful solution ( ! social "q4 ,europe1 !n1 is1 9 ?is respect1 9 spite ( all ! conque/s ( sci5ce1 9 ! same position z 9 ! d>ke/ & mo/ b>b>\s days ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,all deplore ?is /ate ( ?+s--nei!r peace nor w>--& all w\ld be glad to escape f x4 ,! heads ( gov]nm5ts all decl>e t !y all wi% = peace1 & vie ) "o ano!r 9 ! mo/ solemn prote/ations ( peaceful int5tions4 ,b ! same day or ! next !y w lay a s*eme = ! increase ( ! armam5t be=e _! legislative assembly1 say+ t ^! are ! prev5tive measures !y take = ! v purpose ( secur+ peace4 ,b ?is is n ! k9d ( peace we want4 ,& ! nations are n deceiv$ by x4 ,true peace is bas$ on mutual confid5ce1 :ile ^! huge armam5ts %[ op5 & utt] lack ( confid5ce1 if n conceal$ ho/ility1 betwe5 /ates4 ,:at %\ld we say ( a man :o1 want+ to %[ 8 fri5dly feel+s = 8 neighbor1 %\ld invite him to discuss _! diff]5ces ) a load$ revolv] 9 8 h&8 ,x is j ?is flagrant contradiction betwe5 ! peaceful pr(essions & ! w>like policy ( gov]nm5ts :i* all good citiz5s desire to put an end to1 at any co/4 ,p are a/oni%$ t e ye> !re are sixty ?\s& cases ( suicide 9 ,europe1 & ^? only ! recogniz$ & record$ cases--& exclud+ ,russia & ,turkey2 b "o ought r to be surpris$ t !re are s few4 ,e man ( ! pres5t day1 if we g deep en\gh into ! contradiction betwe5 8 consci5ce & 8 life1 is 9 a /ate ( despair4 ,n to speak ( all ! o!r contradictions betwe5 mod]n life & ! consci5ce1 ! p]man5tly arm$ condition ( ,europe toge!r ) its pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity is alone en\gh to drive any man to despair1 to d\bt ( ! sanity ( mank9d1 & to t]m9ate an exi/5ce 9 ?is s5seless & brutal _w4 ,?is contradiction1 :i* is a qu9tess5ce ( all ! o!r contradictions1 is s t]rible t to live & to take "p 9 x is only possible if "o does n ?9k ( x--if "o is able to =get x4 ,:at6 all ( u1 ,*ri/ians1 n only pr(ess to love "o ano!r1 b d actually live "o common life2 we ^: social exi/5ce beats ) "o common pulse--we aid "o ano!r1 le>n f "o ano!r1 draw ev] clos] to "o ano!r to our mutual happ9ess1 & f9d 9 ?is clos5ess ! :ole mean+ ( life6--& to-morr[ "s crazy rul] w say "s /upidity1 & ano!r w answ] 9 ! same _s1 & !n ,i mu/ g expose myself to be+ murd]$1 & murd] m5--:o h done me no h>m--& m ?an t1 :om ,i love4 ,& ?is is n a remote cont+5cy1 b ! v ?+ we are all prep>+ =1 :i* is n only probable1 b an inevitable c]ta9ty4 ,to recognize ?is cle>ly is en\gh to drive a man out ( 8 s5ses or to make him %oot himself4 ,& ?is is j :at does happ51 & especially (t5 among milit>y m54 ,a man ne$ only come to himself = an in/ant to be impell$ inevitably to su* an end4 ,& ?is is ! only explanation ( ! dreadful int5sity ) :i* m5 ( mod]n times /rive to /upefy !mselves1 ) spirits1 tobacco1 opium1 c>ds1 read+ newspap]s1 travel+1 & all k9ds ( spectacles & amusem5ts4 ,^! pursuits are foll[$ up z an important1 s]i\s bus9ess4 ,& inde$ !y are a s]i\s bus9ess4 ,if !re 7 no ext]nal means ( dull+ _! s5sibilities1 half ( mank9d w\ld %oot !mselves )\t delay1 = to live 9 opposition to "o's reason is ! mo/ intol]able condition4 ,& t is ! condition ( all m5 ( ! pres5t day4 ,all m5 ( ! mod]n _w exi/ 9 a /ate ( cont9ual & flagrant antagonism betwe5 _! consci5ce & _! way ( life4 ,?is antagonism is app>5t 9 economic z well z political life4 ,b mo/ /rik+ ( all is ! contradiction betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian law ( ! bro!rhood ( m5 exi/+ 9 ! consci5ce & ! necessity "u :i* all m5 are plac$ by compulsory milit>y s]vice ( be+ prep>$ = hatr$ & murd]--( be+ at ! same "t a ,*ri/ian & a gladiator4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,attitude ,,( ,,m5 ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day ,,to ,,w>4 ,p d n ,try to ,remove ! ,contradiction betwe5 ,life & ,consci5ce by a ,*ange ( ,life1 b _! ,cultivat$ ,lead]s ,ex]t ,e ,ef=t to ,obscure ! ,dem&s ( ,consci5ce1 & ,ju/ify _! ,life2 9 ?is ,way !y ,degrade ,society bel[ ,paganism to a ,/ate ( ,primeval ,b>b>ism--,undef9$ ,attitude ( ,mod]n ,lead]s ( ,?\ght to ,w>1 to ,univ]sal ,milit>ism1 & to ,compulsory ,s]vice 9 ,army--,"o ,section ,reg>ds ,w> z an ,accid5tal ,political ,ph5om5on1 to be ,avoid$ by ,ext]nal ,measures only--,peace ,congress--,! ,article 9 ! ,revue des ,revues--,proposition ( ,maxime du ,camp--,value ( ,bo>ds ( ,arbitration & ,suppression ( ,armies--,attitude ( ,gov]nm5ts to ,m5 ( ?is ,op9ion & ,:at !y ,d--,ano!r ,section ,reg>ds ,w> z ,cruel1 b ,inevitable--,maupassant--,rod--,a ,?ird ,section ,reg>d ,w> z ,necess>y1 & n )\t its ,advantages--,d\cet--,cl>etie--,zola--,v og4 ,! antagonism betwe5 life & ! consci5ce may be remov$ 9 two ways3 by a *ange ( life or by a *ange ( consci5ce4 ,& !re w\ld seem !re c be no d\bt z to ^! alt]natives4 ,a man may cease to d :at he reg>ds z wrong1 b he _c cease to consid] wrong :at is wrong4 ,j 9 ! same way all humanity may cease to d :at x reg>ds z wrong1 b f> f be+ able to *ange1 x _c ev5 ret>d = a "t ! cont9ual gr[? ( a cle>] recognition ( :at is wrong & !re=e ought n to be4 ,& !re=e x w\ld seem inevitable = ,*ri/ian m5 to ab&on ! pagan =ms ( society :i* !y condemn1 & to recon/ruct _! social exi/5ce on ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciples !y pr(ess4 ,s x w\ld be 7 x n = ! law ( in]tia1 z immutable a =ce 9 m5 & nations z 9 inanimate bodies4 ,9 m5 x takes ! =m ( ! psy*ological pr9ciple1 s truly express$ 9 ! words ( ! ,gospel1 ,!y h lov$ d>kness bett] ?an light because _! de$s 7 evil4 ,?is pr9ciple %[s itself 9 m5 n try+ to recognize ! tru?1 b to p]suade !mselves t ! life !y are lead+1 :i* is :at !y l & are us$ to1 is a life p]fectly consi/5t ) tru?4 ,slav]y 0 oppos$ to all ! moral pr9ciples advocat$ by ,plato & ,ari/otle1 yet nei!r ( !m saw t1 because to r5\nce slav]y w\ld h meant ! break up ( ! life !y 7 liv+4 ,we see ! same ?+ 9 our mod]n _w4 ,! division ( m5 into two ca/es1 z well z ! use ( =ce 9 gov]nm5t & w>1 are oppos$ to e moral pr9ciple pr(ess$ by our mod]n society4 ,yet ! cultivat$ & advanc$ m5 ( ! day seem n to see x4 ,! majority1 if n all1 ( ! cultivat$ m5 ( our day try unconsci\sly to ma9ta9 ! old social conception ( life1 :i* ju/ifies _! position1 & to hide f !mselves & o!rs its insuffici5cy1 & above all ! necessity ( adopt+ ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 :i* w mean ! break up ( ! :ole exi/+ social ord]4 ,!y /ruggle to keep up ! organization bas$ on ! social conception ( life1 b d n believe 9 x !mselves1 because x is ext9ct & x is impossible to believe 9 x4 ,all mod]n lit]ature--philosophical1 political1 & arti/ic--is /rik+ 9 ?is respect4 ,:at weal? ( idea1 ( =m1 ( color1 :at erudition1 :at art1 b :at a lack ( s]i\s matt]1 :at dread ( any exactitude ( ?\ght or expression6 ,subtleties1 allegories1 humor\s fancies1 ! wide/ g5]alizations1 b no?+ simple & cle>1 no?+ go+ /raight to ! po9t1 t is1 to ! problem ( life4 ,b t is n all2 besides ^! graceful frivolities1 our lit]ature is full ( simple na/9ess & brutality1 ( argum5ts :i* w\ld lead m5 back 9 ! mo/ ref9$ way to primeval b>b>ism1 to ! pr9ciples n only ( ! pagan1 b ev5 ( ! animal life1 :i* we h left beh9d u five ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,& x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,9 _! dread ( ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life :i* w de/roy ! social ord]1 :i* "s cl+ to only f habit1 o!rs also f int]e/1 m5 _c b be ?r[n back ^u ! pagan conception ( life & ! pr9ciples bas$ on x4 ,n[adays we see advocat$ n only patriotism & ari/ocratic pr9ciples j z !y 7 advocat$ two ?\s& ye>s ago1 b ev5 ! co>se/ epicureanism & animalism1 only ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! m5 :o !n pr(ess$ ^? views believ$ 9 !m1 :ile n[adays ev5 ! advocates ( su* views d n believe 9 !m1 = !y h no mean+ = ! pres5t day4 ,no "o c /& /ill :5 ! e>? is %ak+ "u 8 feet4 ,if we d n g =w>d we mu/ g back4 ,& /range & t]rible to say1 ! cultivat$ m5 ( our day1 ! lead]s ( ?\ght1 are 9 reality ) _! subtle reason+ draw+ society back1 n to paganism ev51 b to a /ate ( primitive b>b>ism4 ,?is t5d5cy on ! "p ( ! lead+ ?9k]s ( ! day is n[h]e m app>5t ?an 9 _! attitude to ! ph5om5on 9 :i* all ! insuffici5cy ( ! social conception ( life is pres5t$ 9 ! mo/ conc5trat$ =m--9 _! attitude1 t is1 to w>1 to ! g5]al arm+ ( nations1 & to univ]sal compulsory s]vice4 ,! undef9$1 if n dis+5u\s1 attitude ( mod]n ?9k]s to ?is ph5om5on is /rik+4 ,x takes ?ree =ms 9 cultivat$ society4 ,"o section look at x z an incid5tal ph5om5on1 aris+ out ( ! special political situation ( ,europe1 & consid] t ?is /ate ( ?+s c be re=m$ )\t a revolution 9 ! :ole int]nal social ord] ( nations1 by ext]nal measures ( int]national diplomacy4 ,ano!r section reg>d x z some?+ cruel & hide\s1 b at ! same "t fat$ & inevitable1 l disease & dea?4 ,a ?ird p>ty ) cool indiff]5ce consid] w> z an inevitable ph5om5on1 b5eficial 9 its effects & !re=e desirable4 ,m5 look at ! subject f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 b all alike talk ( w> z ?\gh x 7 some?+ absolutely indep5d5t ( ! w ( ^? :o take "p 9 x4 ,& consequ5tly !y d n ev5 admit ! natural "q :i* pres5ts itself to e simple man3 ,h[ ab\t me--ought ,i to take any "p 9 x8 ,9 _! view no "q ( ?is k9d ev5 exi/s1 & e man1 h[ev] he may reg>d w> f a p]sonal /&po9t1 mu/ slavi%ly submit to ! requirem5ts ( ! au?orities on ! subject4 ,! attitude ( ! fir/ section ( ?9k]s1 ^? :o see a way out ( w> 9 int]national diplomatic measures1 is well express$ 9 ! report ( ! la/ ,peace ,congress 9 ,london1 & ! articles & lett]s ^u w> t appe>$ 9 ,no4 #h ( ! ,revue des ,revues1 #ahia4 ,! congress aft] ga!r+ toge!r f v>i\s qu>t]s ! v]bal & writt5 op9ion ( le>n$ m5 op5$ ! proce$+s by a religi\s s]vice1 & aft] li/5+ to addresses = five :ole days1 conclud$ !m by a public d9n] & spee*es4 ,!y adopt$ ! foll[+ resolutions3 #a4 ,! congress affirms its belief t ! bro!rhood ( man involves z a necess>y consequ5ce a bro!rhood ( nations4 #b4 ,! congress recognizes ! important influ5ce t ,*ri/ianity ex]cises on ! moral & political progress ( mank9d1 & e>ne/ly urges ^u m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel & o!r religi\s tea*]s ! duty ( sett+ =? ! pr9ciples ( peace & good w t[>d m54 ,& x recomm5ds t ! ?ird ,sunday 9 ,decemb] be set ap>t = t purpose4 #c4 ,! congress expresses ! op9ion t all tea*]s ( hi/ory %\ld call ! att5tion ( ! "y to ! grave evils inflict$ on mank9d 9 all ages by w>1 & to ! fact t su* w> has be5 wag$ = mo/ inadequate causes4 #d4 ,! congress prote/s aga9/ ! use ( milit>y drill 9 s*ools by way ( physical ex]cise1 & sugge/s ! =mation ( brigades = sav+ life r ?an ( a quasi-milit>y "*2 & urges ! desirability ( impress+ on ! ,bo>d ( ,exam9]s :o =mulate ! que/ions = exam9ation ! propriety ( guid+ ! m9ds ( *ildr5 9 ! pr9ciples ( peace4 #e4 ,! congress holds t ! doctr9e ( ! ,rights ( ,man requires t ! aborig9al & weak] races1 _! t]ritories & lib]ties1 %all be gu>d$ f inju/ice & fraud1 & t ^! races %all be %ield$ aga9/ ! vices s preval5t among ! s-call$ advanc$ races ( m54 ,x fur!r expresses its conviction t !re %\ld be conc]t ( action among ! nations = ! accompli%m5t ( ^! ends4 ,! congress expresses its he>ty appreciation ( ! resolutions ( ! ,anti-slav]y ,conf]5ce held rec5tly at ,brussels = ! amelioration ( ! condition ( ! peoples ( ,africa4 #f4 ,! congress believes t ! w>like prejudices & traditions :i* are /ill fo/]$ 9 ! v>i\s nationalities1 & ! misrepres5tations by lead]s ( public op9ion 9 legislative assemblies or ?r\gh ! press1 are (t5 indirect causes ( w>1 & t ^! evils %\ld be c\nt]act$ by ! publication ( accurate in=mation t5d+ to ! removal ( misund]/&+ betwe5 nations1 & recomm5ds ! importance ( consid]+ ! "q ( comm5c+ an int]national newspap] ) su* a purpose4 #g4 ,! congress proposes to ! ,int]-p>liam5t>y ,conf]5ce t ! utmo/ support %\ld be giv5 to e project = unification ( weights & measures1 co9age1 t>iff1 po/age1 & telegraphic arrangem5ts1 etc41 :i* w\ld assi/ 9 con/itut+ a comm]cial1 indu/rial1 & sci5tific union ( ! peoples4 #h4 ,! congress1 9 view ( ! va/ social & moral influ5ce ( woman1 urges ^u e woman to su/a9 ! ?+s t make = peace1 z o!rwise %e incurs grave responsibility = ! cont9uance ( ! sy/ems ( milit>ism4 #i4 ,! congress expresses ! hope t ! ,f9ancial ,re=m ,association & o!r simil> societies 9 ,europe & ,am]ica %\ld unite 9 consid]+ means = e/abli%+ equitable comm]cial relations betwe5 /ates1 by ! r$uction ( import duties4 ,! congress feels t x c affirm t ! :ole ( ,europe desires peace1 & awaits ) impati5ce ! suppression ( armam5ts1 :i*1 "u ! plea ( def5se1 become 9 _! turn a dang] by keep+ alive mutual di/ru/1 & are1 at ! same "t1 ! cause ( t g5]al economic di/urbance :i* /&s 9 ! way ( settl+ 9 a satisfactory mann] ! problems ( labor & pov]ty1 :i* ought to take prec$5ce ( all o!rs4 #aj4 ,! congress1 recogniz+ t a g5]al dis>mam5t w\ld be ! be/ gu>antee ( peace & w\ld lead to ! solution ( ! que/ions :i* n[ mo/ divide /ates1 expresses ! wi% t a congress ( repres5tatives ( all ! /ates ( ,europe may be assembl$ z soon z possible to consid] ! means ( effect+ a gradual g5]al dis>mam5t4 #aa4 ,! congress1 9 consid]ation ( ! fact t ! timidity ( a s+le p[] might delay ! convocation ( ! above-m5tion$ congress1 is ( op9ion t ! gov]nm5t :i* %\ld fir/ dismiss any consid]able numb] ( soldi]s w\ld conf] a signal b5efit on ,europe & mank9d1 because x w\ld1 by public op9ion1 oblige o!r gov]nm5ts to foll[ its example1 & by ! moral =ce ( ?is accompli%$ fact w\ld h increas$ r ?an dim9i%$ ! conditions ( its national def5se4 #ab4 ,! congress1 consid]+ ! "q ( dis>mam5t1 z ( peace 9 g5]al1 dep5ds on public op9ion1 recomm5ds ! peace societies1 z well z all fri5ds ( peace1 to be active 9 its propag&a1 especially at ! "t ( p>liam5t>y elections1 9 ord] t ! electors %\ld give _! votes to c&idates :o are pl$g$ to support ,peace1 ,dis>mam5t1 & ,arbitration4 #ac4 ,! congress congratulates ! fri5ds ( peace on ! resolution adopt$ by ! ,int]national ,am]ican ,conf]5ce1 held at ,wa%+ton 9 ,april la/1 by :i* x 0 recomm5d$ t arbitration %\ld be obligatory 9 all controv]sies1 :atev] _! orig91 except only ^? :i* may imp]il ! indep5d5ce ( "o ( ! nations involv$4 #ad4 ,! congress recomm5ds ?is resolution to ! att5tion ( ,european /atesm51 & expresses ! ard5t desire t simil> treaties may spe$ily be ent]$ into betwe5 ! o!r nations ( ! _w4 #ae4 ,! congress expresses its satisfaction at ! adoption by ! ,spani% ,s5ate on ,june #af la/ ( a project ( law au?oriz+ ! gov]nm5t to negotiate g5]al or special treaties ( arbitration = ! settlem5t ( all disputes except ^? relat+ to ! indep5d5ce or int]nal gov]nm5t ( ! /ates affect$2 also at ! adoption ( resolutions to a l effect by ! ,norwegian ,/or?+ & by ! ,italian ,*amb]4 #af4 ,! congress resolves t a committee be appo9t$ to address communications to ! pr9cipal political1 religi\s1 comm]cial1 & labor & peace organizations1 reque/+ !m to s5d petitions to ! gov]nm5tal au?orities pray+ t measures be tak5 = ! =mation ( suitable tribunals = ! adjudicature ( int]national que/ions s z to avoid ! resort to w>4 #ag4 ,see+ 7#a7 t ! object pursu$ by all peace societies is ! e/abli%m5t ( judicial ord] betwe5 nations1 & 7#b7 t neutralization by int]national treaties con/itutes a /ep t[>d ?is judicial /ate & less5s ! numb] ( di/ricts 9 :i* w> c be c>ri$ on1 ! congress recomm5ds a l>g] ext5sion ( ! rule ( neutralization1 & expresses ! wi%1 7#a7 t all treaties :i* at pres5t assure to c]ta9 /ates ! b5efit ( neutrality rema9 9 =ce1 or if necess>y be am5d$ 9 a mann] to r5d] ! neutrality m effective1 ei!r by ext5d+ neutralization to ! :ole ( ! /ate or by ord]+ ! demolition ( =tresses1 :i* con/itute r a p]il ?an a gu>antee = neutrality2 7#b7 t new treaties 9 h>mony ) ! wi%es ( ! populations conc]n$ be conclud$ = e/abli%+ ! neutralization ( o!r /ates4 #ah4 ,! sub-committee proposes1 7#a7 t ! annual ,peace ,congress %\ld be held ei!r imm$iately be=e ! meet+ ( ! annual ,sub-p>liam5t>y ,conf]5ce1 or imm$iately aft] x 9 ! same t[n2 7#b7 t ! "q ( an int]national peace emblem be po/pon$ s9e die2 7#c7 t ! foll[+ resolutions be adopt$3 a4 ,to express satisfaction at ! (ficial ov]tures ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates address$ to ! highe/ repres5tatives ( ea* *ur* organization 9 ,*ri/5dom to unite 9 a g5]al conf]5ce to promote ! sub/itution ( int]national arbitration = w>4 b4 ,to express 9 ! "n ( ! congress its pr(\nd rev]5ce = ! memory ( ,aurelio ,saffi1 ! great ,italian juri/1 a memb] ( ! committee ( ! ,int]national ,league ( ,peace & ,lib]ty4 7#d7 ,t ! memorial adopt$ by ?is congress & sign$ by ! presid5t to ! heads ( ! civiliz$ /ates %\ld1 z f> z practicable1 be pres5t$ to ea* p[] by influ5tial deputations4 7#e7 ,t ! foll[+ resolutions be adopt$3 a4 ,a resolution ( ?anks to ! presid5ts ( ! v>i\s sitt+s ( ! congress4 b4 ,a resolution ( ?anks to ! *airman1 ! secret>ies1 & ! memb]s ( ! bureau ( ! congress4 c4 ,a resolution ( ?anks to ! conv5]s & memb]s ( ! sectional committees4 d4 ,a resolution ( ?anks to ,rev4 ,canon ,scott ,holl&1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,reu5 ,?omas1 & ,rev4 ,j4 ,morgan ,gibbon = _! pulpit addresses be=e ! congress1 & also to ! au?orities ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 ! ,city ,temple1 & ,/am=d ,hill ,congregational ,*ur* = ! use ( ^? build+s = public s]vices4 e4 ,a lett] ( ?anks to h] ,maje/y = p]mission to visit ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 f4 ,& also a resolution ( ?anks to ! ,"l ,mayor & ,lady ,mayoress1 to ,mr4 ,passmore ,edw>ds1 & o!r fri5ds :o h ext5d$ _! hospitality to ! memb]s ( ! congress4 #ai4 ,! congress places on record a he>tfelt expression ( gratitude to ,almighty ,god = ! rem>kable h>mony & concord :i* h *>act]iz$ ! meet+s ( ! assembly1 9 :i* s _m m5 & wom5 ( v>i$ nations1 cre$s1 tongues1 & races h ga!r$ 9 close/ co-op]ation1 & = ! conclusion ( ! labors ( ! congress2 & expresses its firm & un%ak5 belief 9 ! ultimate triumph ( ! cause ( peace & ( ! pr9ciples advocat$ at ^! meet+s4 ,! fundam5tal idea ( ! congress is ! necessity 7#a7 ( diffus+ among all p by all means ! conviction ( ! disadvantages ( w> & ! great bless+ ( peace1 & 7#b7 ( r\s+ gov]nm5ts to ! s5se ( ! sup]iority ( int]national arbitration ov] w> & ( ! consequ5t advisability & necessity ( dis>mam5t4 ,to atta9 ! fir/ aim ! congress has rec\rse to tea*]s ( hi/ory1 to wom51 & to ! cl]gy1 ) ! advice to ! latt] to prea* on ! evil ( w> & ! bless+ ( peace e ?ird ,sunday 9 ,decemb]4 ,to atta9 ! second object ! congress appeals to gov]nm5ts ) ! sugge/ion t !y %\ld disb& _! armies & replace w> by arbitration4 ,to prea* to m5 ( ! evil ( w> & ! bless+ ( peace6 ,b ! bless+ ( peace is s well kn[n to m5 t1 ev] s9ce !re h be5 m5 at all1 _! be/ wi% has be5 express$ 9 ! greet+1 ,peace be ) y4 ,s :y prea* ab\t x8 ,n only ,*ri/ians1 b pagans1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 all recogniz$ ! evil ( w> & ! bless+ ( peace4 ,s t ! recomm5dation to m9i/]s ( ! ,gospel to prea* on ! evil ( w> & ! bless+ ( peace e ?ird ,sunday 9 ,decemb] is q sup]flu\s4 ,! ,*ri/ian _c b prea* on t subject e day ( 8 life4 ,if ,*ri/ians & prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity d n d s1 !re mu/ be reasons = x4 ,& until ^! h be5 remov$ no recomm5dations w be effective4 ,/ill less effective w be ! recomm5dations to gov]nm5ts to disb& _! armies & replace !m by int]national bo>ds ( arbitration4 ,gov]nm5ts1 too1 "k v well ! difficulty & ! burd5som5ess ( rais+ & ma9ta9+ =ces1 & if 9 spite ( t k !y d1 at ! co/ ( t]rible /ra9 & ef=t1 raise & ma9ta9 =ces1 x is evid5t t !y _c d o!rwise1 & ! recomm5dation ( ! congress c nev] *ange x4 ,b ! le>n$ g5tlem5 are unwill+ to see t1 & keep hop+ to f9d a political comb9ation1 ?r\gh :i* gov]nm5ts %all be induc$ to limit _! p[]s !mselves4 ,c we get rid ( w>8 asks a le>n$ writ] 9 ! ,revue des ,revues4 ,all are agre$ t if x 7 to break out 9 ,europe1 its consequ5ces w\ld be l ^? ( ! great inroads ( b>b>ians4 ,! exi/5ce ( :ole nationalities w\ld be at /ake1 & !re=e ! w> w\ld be desp]ate1 bloody1 atroci\s4 ,?is consid]ation1 toge!r ) ! t]rible eng9es ( de/ruction inv5t$ by mod]n sci5ce1 ret>ds ! mom5t ( decl>+ w>1 & ma9ta9s ! pres5t tempor>y situation1 :i* might cont9ue = an indef9ite p]iod1 except = ! fe>ful co/ ( ma9ta9+ armam5ts :i* are exhau/+ ! ,european /ates & ?reat5+ to r$uce nations to a /ate ( mis]y h>dly less ?an t ( w> itself4 ,/ruck by ?is reflection1 m5 ( v>i\s c\ntries h tri$ to f9d means = prev5t+1 or at lea/ = s(t5+1 ! results ( ! t]rible slaught] ) :i* we are ?reat5$4 ,su* are ! que/ions br\ght =w>d by ! ,peace ,congress %ortly to be held 9 ,rome1 & ! publication ( a pamphlet1 ',sur le ,ds>mem5t'4 ,x is unhappily beyond d\bt t ) ! pres5t organization ( ! majority ( ,european /ates1 isolat$ f "o ano!r & guid$ by di/9ct int]e/s1 ! absolute suppression ( w> is an illusion ) :i* x w\ld be dang]\s to *eat ourselves4 ,wis] rules & regulations impos$ on ^! duels betwe5 nations might1 h[ev]1 at lea/ limit its horrors4 ,x is equally *im]ical to reckon on projects ( dis>mam5t1 ! execution ( :i* is r5d]$ almo/ impossible by consid]ations ( a popul> "* pres5t to ! m9d ( all our read]s4 ,?is probably means t ,france _c disb& its army be=e tak+ its rev5ge4 ,public op9ion is n prep>$ to accept !m1 & moreov]1 ! int]national relations betwe5 diff]5t peoples are n su* z to make _! acceptance possible4 ,dis>mam5t impos$ on "o nation by ano!r 9 circum/ances ?reat5+ its security w\ld be equival5t to a decl>ation ( w>4 ,h[ev]1 "o may admit t an ex*ange ( ideas betwe5 ! nations int]e/$ c\ld aid1 to a c]ta9 degree1 9 br++ ab\t ! good und]/&+ indisp5sable to any negotiations1 & w\ld r5d] possible a consid]able r$uction ( ! milit>y exp5diture :i* is cru%+ ! nations ( ,europe & greatly h9d]+ ! solution ( ! social "q1 :i* ea* individually mu/ solve on pa9 ( hav+ int]nal w> z ! price = escap+ x ext]nally4 ,we might at lea/ dem& ! r$uction ( ! enorm\s exp5ses ( w> organiz$ z x is at pres5t ) a view to ! p[] ( invasion )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs & a decisive battle )9 a week ( ! decl>ation ( w>4 ,we ought to manage s t /ates c\ld n make ! attack sudd5ly & invade ea* o!r's t]ritories )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,?is practical notion has be5 put =? by ,maxime du ,camp1 & 8 article concludes ) x4 ,! propositions ( ,m4 du ,camp are z foll[s3 #a4 ,a diplomatic congress to be held e ye>4 #b4 ,no w> to be decl>$ till two mon?s aft] ! incid5t :i* provok$ x4 7,! difficulty "h w\ld be to decide precisely :at incid5t did provoke ! w>1 s9ce :5ev] w> is decl>$ !re are v _m su* incid5ts1 & "o w\ld h to decide f :i* to reckon ! two mon?s' int]val47 #c4 ,no w> to be decl>$ be=e x has be5 submitt$ to a plebiscitum ( ! nations prep>+ to take "p 9 x4 #d4 ,no ho/ilities to be comm5c$ till a mon? aft] ! (ficial decl>ation ( w>4 ,no w> to be decl>$4 ,no ho/ilities to be comm5c$1 etc4 ,b :o is to arrange t no w> is to be decl>$8 ,:o is to compel p to d ?is & t8 ,:o is to =ce /ates to delay _! op]ations = a c]ta9 fix$ "t8 ,all ! o!r /ates4 ,b all ^! o!rs are also /ates :i* want hold+ 9 *eck & keep+ )9 limits1 & =c+1 too4 ,:o is to =ce !m1 & h[8 ,public op9ion4 ,b if !re is a public op9ion :i* c =ce gov]nm5ts to delay _! op]ations = a fix$ p]iod1 ! same public op9ion c =ce gov]nm5ts n to decl>e w> at all4 ,b1 x w be repli$1 !re may be su* a balance ( p[]1 su* a pondration de =ces1 z w\ld lead /ates to hold back ( _! own accord4 ,well1 t has be5 tri$ & is be+ tri$ ev5 n[4 ,! ,holy ,alliance 0 no?+ b t1 ! ,league ( ,peace 0 ano!r attempt at ! same ?+1 & s on4 ,b1 x w be answ]$1 suppose all 7 agre$4 ,if all 7 agre$ !re w\ld be no m w> c]ta9ly1 & no ne$ = arbitration ei!r4 ,a c\rt ( arbitration6 ,arbitration %all replace w>4 ,que/ions %all be decid$ by a c\rt ( arbitration4 ,! ,alabama "q 0 decid$ by a c\rt ( arbitration1 & ! "q ( ! ,c>ol9e ,isl&s 0 submitt$ to ! decision ( ! ,pope4 ,switz]l&1 ,belgium1 ,d5m>k1 & ,holl& h all decl>$ t !y pref] arbitration to w>4 ,i d>e say ,monaco has express$ ! same pref]5ce4 ,! only un=tunate ?+ is t ,g]many1 ,russia1 ,au/ria1 & ,france h n s f> %[n ! same incl9ation4 ,x is amaz+ h[ m5 c deceive !mselves :5 !y f9d x necess>y6 ,gov]nm5ts cons5t to decide _! disagreem5ts by arbitration & to disb& _! armies6 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ,russia & ,pol&1 betwe5 ,engl& & ,irel&1 betwe5 ,au/ria & ,bohemia1 betwe5 ,turkey & ! ,slavonic /ates1 betwe5 ,france & ,g]many1 to be soo!d away by amiable conciliation6 ,"o might z well sugge/ to m]*ants & bank]s t !y %\ld sell no?+ = a great] price ?an !y gave = x1 %\ld und]take ! di/ribution ( weal? = no pr(it1 & %\ld aboli% money1 z x w\ld ?us be r5d]$ unnecess>y4 ,b s9ce comm]cial & bank+ op]ations consi/ 9 no?+ b sell+ = m ?an ! co/ price1 ?is w\ld be equival5t to an invitation to suppress !mselves4 ,x is ! same 9 reg>d to gov]nm5ts4 ,to sugge/ to gov]nm5ts t !y %\ld n h rec\rse to viol5ce1 b %\ld decide _! misund]/&+s 9 accordance ) equity1 is invit+ !m to aboli% !mselves z rul]s1 & t no gov]nm5t c ev] cons5t to d4 ,! le>n$ m5 =m societies 7!re are m ?an a hundr$ su* societies71 assemble 9 congresses 7su* z ^? rec5tly held 9 ,london & ,p>is1 & %ortly to be held 9 ,rome71 deliv] addresses1 eat public d9n]s & make spee*es1 publi% j\rnals1 & prove by e means possible t ! nations =c$ to support millions ( troops are /ra9$ to ! fur!/ limits ( _! endurance1 t ! ma9t5ance ( ^! huge arm$ =ces is 9 opposition to all ! aims1 ! int]e/s1 & ! wi%es ( ! p1 & t x is possible1 moreov]1 by writ+ num]\s pap]s1 & utt]+ a great _m words1 to br+ all m5 into agreem5t & to arrange s t !y %all h no antagoni/ic int]e/s1 & !n !re w be no m w>4 ,:5 ,i 0 a little boy !y told me if ,i want$ to cat* a bird ,i mu/ put salt on its tail4 ,i ran aft] ! birds ) ! salt 9 my h&1 b ,i soon conv9c$ myself t if ,i c\ld put salt on a bird's tail1 ,i c\ld cat* x1 & realiz$ t ,i _h be5 hoax$4 ,p ought to realize ! same fact :5 !y read books & articles on arbitration & dis>mam5t4 ,if "o c\ld put salt on a bird's tail1 x w\ld be because x c\ld n fly & !re w\ld be no difficulty 9 cat*+ x4 ,if ! bird _h w+s & did n want to be caught1 x w\ld n let "o put salt on its tail1 because ! specialty ( a bird is to fly4 ,9 precisely ! same way ! specialty ( gov]nm5t is n to obey1 b to en=ce ob$i5ce4 ,& a gov]nm5t is only a gov]nm5t s long z x c make itself obey$1 & !re=e x always /rives = t & w nev] will+ly ab&on its p[]4 ,b s9ce x is on ! army t ! p[] ( gov]nm5t re/s1 x w nev] give up ! army1 & ! use ( ! army 9 w>4 ,! error arises f ! le>n$ juri/s deceiv+ !mselves & o!rs1 by ass]t+ t gov]nm5t is n :at x really is1 "o set ( m5 b&$ toge!r to oppress ano!r set ( m51 b1 z %[n by sci5ce1 is ! repres5tation ( ! citiz5s 9 _! collective capacity4 ,!y h s long be5 p]suad+ o!r p ( ?is t at la/ !y h p]suad$ !mselves ( x2 & ?us !y (t5 s]i\sly suppose t gov]nm5t c be b\nd by consid]ations ( ju/ice4 ,b hi/ory %[s t f ,cs> to ,napoleon1 & f ,napoleon to ,bism>ck1 gov]nm5t is 9 its ess5ce always a =ce act+ 9 violation ( ju/ice1 & t x _c be o!rwise4 ,ju/ice c h no b9d+ =ce on a rul] or rul]s :o keep m51 delud$ & drill$ 9 read9ess = acts ( viol5ce--soldi]s1 & by means ( !m control o!rs4 ,& s gov]nm5ts c nev] be br\ght to cons5t to dim9i% ! numb] ( ^! drill$ slaves1 :o con/itute _! :ole p[] & importance4 ,su* is ! attitude ( c]ta9 le>n$ m5 to ! contradiction "u :i* our society is be+ cru%$1 & su* are _! me?ods ( solv+ x4 ,tell ^! p t ! :ole matt] re/s on ! p]sonal attitude ( ea* man to ! moral & religi\s "q put n[adays to ev]yone1 ! "q1 t is1 :e!r x is lawful or unlawful = him to take 8 %>e ( milit>y s]vice1 & ^! le>n$ g5tlem5 w %rug _! %\ld]s & n condesc5d to li/5 or to answ] y4 ,! solution ( ! "q 9 _! idea is to be f\nd 9 read+ addresses1 writ+ books1 elect+ presid5ts1 vice-presid5ts1 & secret>ies1 & meet+ & speak+ fir/ 9 "o t[n & !n 9 ano!r4 ,f all ?is spee*ify+ & writ+ x w come to pass1 accord+ to _! notions1 t gov]nm5ts w cease to levy ! soldi]s1 on :om _! :ole /r5g? dep5ds1 w li/5 to _! disc\rses1 & w disb& _! =ces1 leav+ !mselves )\t any def5se1 n only aga9/ _! neighbors1 b also aga9/ _! own subjects4 ,z ?\gh a b& ( brig&s1 :o h "s un>m$ travel]s b\nd & ready to be plund]$1 %\ld be s t\*$ by _! compla9ts ( ! pa9 caus$ by ! cords !y are fa/5$ ) z to let !m g aga94 ,/ill !re are p :o believe 9 ?is1 busy !mselves ov] peace congresses1 read addresses1 & write books4 ,& gov]nm5ts1 we may be q sure1 express _! sympa?y & make a %[ ( enc\rag+ !m4 ,9 ! same way !y pret5d to support temp]ance societies1 :ile !y are liv+ pr9cipally on ! drunk5ness ( ! p2 & pret5d to enc\rage education1 :5 _! :ole /r5g? is bas$ on ignorance2 & to support con/itutional fre$om1 :5 _! /r5g? re/s on ! abs5ce ( fre$om2 & to be anxi\s = ! improvem5t ( ! condition ( ! work+ classes1 :5 _! v exi/5ce dep5ds on _! oppression2 & to support ,*ri/ianity1 :5 ,*ri/ianity de/roys all gov]nm5t4 ,to be able to d ?is !y h long ago elaborat$ me?ods enc\rag+ temp]ance1 :i* _c suppress drunk5ness2 me?ods ( support+ education1 :i* n only fail to prev5t ignorance1 b ev5 increase x2 me?ods ( aim+ at fre$om & con/itutionalism1 :i* are no h9drance to despotism2 me?ods ( protect+ ! work+ classes1 :i* w n free !m f slav]y2 & a ,*ri/ianity1 too1 !y h elaborat$1 :i* does n de/roy1 b supports gov]nm5ts4 ,n[ !re is some?+ m = ! gov]nm5t to enc\rage--peace4 ,! sov]eigns1 :o n[adays take c\nsel ) _! m9i/]s1 decide by _! w alone :e!r ! but*]y ( millions is to be begun ?is ye> or next4 ,!y "k v well t all ^! disc\rses ^u peace w n h9d] !m f s5d+ millions ( m5 to but*]y :5 x seems good to !m4 ,!y li/5 ev5 ) satisfaction to ^! disc\rses1 enc\rage !m1 & take "p 9 !m4 ,all ?is1 f> f be+ detrim5tal1 is ev5 ( s]vice to gov]nm5ts1 by turn+ p's att5tion f ! mo/ important & press+ "q3 ,ought or ought n ea* man call$ ^u = milit>y s]vice to submit to s]ve 9 ! army8 ,peace w soon be arrang$1 ?anks to alliances & congresses1 to books & pamphlets2 meantime g & put on y\r uni=m1 & prep>e to cause suff]+ & to endure x = our b5efit1 is ! gov]nm5t's l9e ( argum5t4 ,& ! le>n$ g5tlem5 :o get up congresses & write articles are 9 p]fect agreem5t ) x4 ,?is is ! attitude ( "o set ( ?9k]s4 ,& s9ce x is t mo/ b5eficial to gov]nm5ts1 x is also ! mo/ enc\rag$ by all intellig5t gov]nm5ts4 ,ano!r attitude to w> has some?+ tragical 9 x4 ,!re are m5 :o ma9ta9 t ! love = peace & ! inevitability ( w> =m a hide\s contradiction1 & t su* is ! fate ( man4 ,^! are mo/ly gift$ & s5sitive m51 :o see & realize all ! horror & imbecility & cruelty ( w>1 b ?r\gh "s /range p]v]sion ( m9d nei!r see nor seek to f9d any way out ( ?is position1 & seem to take pleasure 9 teas+ ! w\nd by dwell+ on ! desp]ate position ( humanity4 ,a notable example ( su* an attitude to w> is to be f\nd 9 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* writ] ,guy de ,maupassant4 ,look+ f 8 ya*t at ! drill & fir+ practice ( ! ,fr5* soldi]s ! foll[+ reflections occur to him3 ,:5 ,i ?9k only ( ?is ^w w>1 a k9d ( t]ror seizes ^u me1 z ?\gh ,i 7 li/5+ to "s tale ( sorc]y1 ( ! ,inquisition1 "s long pa/1 remote abom9ation1 mon/r\s1 unnatural4 ,:5 cannibalism is spok5 (1 we smile ) pride1 proclaim+ our sup]iority to ^! savages4 ,:i* are ! savages1 ! real savages8 ,^? :o fight to eat ! conqu]$1 or ^? :o fight to kill1 = no?+ b to kill8 ,! "y recruits1 mov+ ab\t 9 l9es yond]1 are de/9$ to dea? l ! flocks ( %eep driv5 by ! but*] along ! road4 ,!y w fall 9 "s pla9 ) a sab] cut 9 ! head1 or a bullet ?r\gh ! brea/4 ,& ^! are "y m5 :o might "w1 be productive & useful4 ,_! fa!rs are old & poor4 ,_! mo!rs1 :o h lov$ !m = tw5ty ye>s1 wor%ip$ !m z none b mo!rs c1 w le>n 9 six mon?s' "t1 or a ye> p]haps1 t _! son1 _! boy1 ! big boy re>$ ) s mu* labor1 s mu* exp5se1 s mu* love1 has be5 ?r[n 9 a hole l "s dead dog1 aft] be+ disemb[el$ by a bullet1 & trampl$1 cru%$1 to a mass ( pulp by ! *>ges ( cavalry4 ,:y h !y kill$ h] boy1 h] h&some boy1 h] "o hope1 h] pride1 h] life8 ,%e does n "k4 ,ah1 :y8 ,w>6 fight+6 slaught]6 massacres ( m56 ,& we h n[1 9 our c5tury1 ) our civilization1 ) ! spread ( sci5ce1 & ! degree ( philosophy :i* ! g5ius ( man is suppos$ to h atta9$1 s*ools = tra9+ to kill1 to kill v f> (f1 to p]fection1 great numb]s at once1 to kill poor devils ( innoc5t m5 ) families & )\t any k9d ( trial4 ,& :at is mo/ bewild]+ is t ! p d n rise aga9/ _! gov]nm5ts4 ,= :at diff]5ce is !re betwe5 mon>*ies & republics8 ,! mo/ bewild]+ ?+ is t ! :ole ( society is n 9 revolt at ! ^w w>4 ,ah6 we %all always live "u ! burd5 ( ! anci5t & odi\s cu/oms1 ! crim9al prejudices1 ! f]oci\s ideas ( our b>b>\s ance/ors1 = we are bea/s1 & bea/s we %all rema91 dom9at$ by in/9ct & *ang$ by no?+4 ,w\ld n any o!r man ?an ,victor ,hugo h be5 exil$ = t mighty cry ( deliv]ance & tru?8 ',to-day =ce is call$ viol5ce1 & is be+ br\ght to judgm5t2 w> has be5 put on its trial4 ,at ! plea ( ! human race1 civilization arraigns w>f>e1 & draws up ! great li/ ( crimes laid at ! *>ge ( conqu]ors & g5]als4 ,! nations are com+ to und]/& t ! magnitude ( a crime _c be its ext5uation2 t if kill+ is a crime1 kill+ _m c be no ext5uat+ circum/ance2 t if robb]y is disgraceful1 invasion _c be glori\s4 ,ah6 let u proclaim ^! absolute tru?s2 let u di%onor w>6' ,va9 wra?1 cont9ues ,maupassant1 a poet's indignation4 ,w> is held 9 m v5]ation ?an ev]4 ,a skill$ pr(ici5t 9 t l9e1 a slaught]] ( g5ius1 ,von ,moltke1 9 reply to ! peace delegates1 once utt]$ ^! /range words3 ',w> is holy1 w> is orda9$ ( ,god4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ laws ( ! _w4 ,x ma9ta9s among m5 all ! great & noble s5tim5ts--honor1 devotion1 virtue1 & c\rage1 & saves !m 9 %ort f fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4' ,s1 !n1 br++ millions ( m5 toge!r into h]ds1 m>*+ by day & by night )\t re/1 ?9k+ ( no?+1 /udy+ no?+1 le>n+ no?+1 read+ no?+1 be+ useful to no "o1 wall[+ 9 fil?1 sleep+ 9 mud1 liv+ l brutes 9 a cont9ual /ate ( /upefaction1 sack+ t[ns1 burn+ villages1 ru9+ :ole populations1 !n meet+ ano!r mass ( human fle%1 fall+ ^u !m1 mak+ pools ( blood1 & pla9s ( fle% mix$ ) trodd5 mire & r$ ) heaps ( corpses1 hav+ y\r arms or legs c>ri$ (f1 y\r bra9s bl[n out = no advantage to anyone1 & dy+ 9 "s corn] ( a field :ile y\r old p>5ts1 y\r wife & *ildr5 are p]i%+ ( hung]--t is :at is meant by n fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism6 ,w>riors are ! sc\rge ( ! _w4 ,we /ruggle aga9/ nature & ignorance & ob/acles ( all k9ds to make our wret*$ life less h>d4 ,le>n$ m5--b5efactors ( all--sp5d _! lives 9 work+1 9 seek+ :at c aid1 :at be ( use1 :at c alleviate ! lot ( _! fell[s4 ,!y devote !mselves unsp>+ly to _! task ( usefulness1 mak+ "o discov]y aft] ano!r1 enl>g+ ! sph]e ( human intellig5ce1 ext5d+ ! b\nds ( sci5ce1 add+ ea* day "s new /ore to ! sum ( k1 ga9+ ea* day prosp]ity1 ease1 /r5g? = _! c\ntry4 ,w> breaks out4 ,9 six mon?s ! g5]als h de/roy$ ! "w ( tw5ty ye>s ( ef=t1 ( pati5ce1 & ( g5ius4 ,t is :at is meant by n fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4 ,we h se5 x1 w>4 ,we h se5 m5 turn$ to brutes1 fr5zi$1 kill+ = fun1 = t]ror1 = bravado1 = o/5tation4 ,!n :5 "r is no m1 law is dead1 e notion ( ju/ice has disappe>$4 ,we h se5 m5 %oot innoc5t creatures f\nd on ! road1 & suspect$ because !y 7 afraid4 ,we h se5 !m kill dogs *a9$ at _! ma/]s' doors to try _! new revolv]s4 ,we h se5 !m fire on c[s ly+ 9 a field = no reason :atev]1 simply = ! sake ( %oot+1 = a joke4 ,t is :at is meant by n fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4 ,go+ into a c\ntry1 cutt+ ! man's ?roat :o def5ds 8 h\se because he we>s a bl\se & has n a milit>y cap on 8 head1 burn+ ! dwell+s ( wret*$ be+s :o h no?+ to eat1 break+ furniture & /eal+ goods1 dr9k+ ! w9e f\nd 9 ! cell>s1 violat+ ! wom5 9 ! /reets1 burn+ ?\s&s ( francs' wor? ( p[d]1 & leav+ mis]y & *ol]a 9 "o's track-- ,t is :at is meant by n fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism4 ,:at h !y done1 ^? w>riors1 t proves ! lea/ intellig5ce8 ,no?+4 ,:at h !y inv5t$8 ,cannons & muskets4 ,t is all4 ,:at rema9s to u f ,greece8 ,books & /atues4 ,is ,greece great f h] conque/s or h] creations8 ,0 x ! invasions ( ! ,p]sians :i* sav$ ,greece f fall+ into ! mo/ hide\s mat]ialism8 ,7 ! invasions ( ! b>b>ians :at sav$ & reg5]at$ ,rome8 ,0 x ,napoleon ,i4 :o c>ri$ =w>d ! great intellectual movem5t />t$ by ! philosoph]s ( ! end ( la/ c5tury8 ,yes1 inde$1 s9ce gov]nm5t assumes ! "r ( annihilat+ peoples ?us1 !re is no?+ surpris+ 9 ! fact t ! peoples assume ! "r ( annihilat+ gov]nm5ts4 ,!y def5d !mselves4 ,!y are "r4 ,no "o has an absolute "r to gov]n o!rs4 ,x ought only to be done = ! b5efit ( ^? :o are gov]n$4 ,& x is z mu* ! duty ( anyone :o gov]ns to avoid w> z x is ! duty ( a capta9 ( a %ip to avoid %ipwreck4 ,:5 a capta9 has let 8 %ip come to ru91 he is judg$ & condemn$1 if he is f\nd guilty ( neglig5ce or ev5 incapacity4 ,:y %\ld n ! gov]nm5t be put on its trial aft] e decl>ation ( w>8 ,if ! p und]/ood t1 if !y !mselves pass$ judgm5t on murd]\s gov]nm5ts1 if !y refus$ to let !mselves be kill$ = no?+1 if !y w\ld only turn _! arms aga9/ ^? :o h giv5 !m to !m = massacre1 on t day w> w\ld be no m4 ,b t day w nev] come4#aj #aj ,sur l',eau1 pp4 #ga-hj4 ,! au?or sees all ! horror ( w>4 ,he sees t x is caus$ by gov]nm5ts =c+ m5 by deception to g out to slaught] & be sla9 )\t any advantage to !mselves4 ,& he sees1 too1 t ! m5 :o make up ! armies c\ld turn _! arms aga9/ ! gov]nm5ts & br+ !m to judgm5t4 ,b he ?9ks t t w nev] come to pass1 & t !re is1 !re=e1 no escape f ! pres5t position4 ,i ?9k w> is t]rible1 b t x is inevitable2 t compulsory milit>y s]vice is z inevitable z dea?1 & t s9ce gov]nm5t w always desire x1 w> w always exi/4 ,s writes ?is tal5t$ & s9c]e writ]1 :o is end[$ ) t p[] ( p5etrat+ to ! inn]mo/ core ( ! subjects :i* is ! ess5ce ( ! poetic faculty4 ,he br+s be=e u all ! cruelty ( ! inconsi/5cy betwe5 m5's moral s5se & _! actions1 b )\t try+ to remove x2 seems to admit t ?is inconsi/5cy mu/ exi/ & t x is ! poetic trag$y ( life4 ,ano!r no less gift$ writ]1 ,ed\>d ,rod1 pa9ts 9 /ill m vivid colors ! cruelty & madness ( ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,he too only aims at pres5t+ its tragic features1 )\t sugge/+ or =see+ any issue f ! position4 ,:at is ! good ( do+ any?+8 ,:at is ! good ( und]tak+ any ent]prise8 ,& h[ are we to love m5 9 ^! tr\bl$ times :5 e fre% day is a m5ace ( dang]8444 ,all we h begun1 ! plans we are develop+1 our s*emes ( "w1 ! little good we may h be5 able to d1 w x n all be swept away by ! tempe/ t is 9 prep>ation8444 ,e :]e ! e>? is %ak+ "u our feet & /orm-cl\ds are ga!r+ on our horizon :i* w h no pity on u4 ,ah6 if all we _h to dread 7 ! revolution :i* is held up z a spect] to t]rify u6 ,s9ce ,i _c imag9e a society m dete/able ?an ours1 ,i feel m skeptical ?an al>m$ 9 reg>d to t :i* w replace x4 ,if ,i %\ld h to suff] f ! *ange1 ,i %\ld be consol$ by ?9k+ t ! execution]s ( t day 7 ! victims ( ! previ\s "t1 & ! hope ( some?+ bett] w\ld help u to endure ! wor/4 ,b x is n t remote p]il :i* fright5s me4 ,i see ano!r dang]1 ne>] & f> m cruel2 m cruel because !re is no excuse = x1 because x is absurd1 because x c lead to no good4 ,e day "o balances ! *ances ( w> on ! morr[1 e day !y become m m]ciless4 ,! imag9ation revolts be=e ! cata/rophe :i* is com+ at ! end ( our c5tury z ! goal ( ! progress ( our era1 & yet we mu/ get us$ to fac+ x4 ,= tw5ty ye>s pa/ e res\rce ( sci5ce has be5 exhau/$ 9 ! inv5tion ( eng9es ( de/ruction1 & soon a few *>ges ( cannon w suffice to annihilate a :ole army4 ,no long] a few ?\s&s ( poor devils1 :o 7 paid a price = _! blood1 are kept "u arms1 b :ole nations are "u arms to cut ea* o!r's ?roats4 ,!y are robb$ ( _! "t n[ 7by compulsory s]vice7 t !y may be robb$ ( _! lives lat]4 ,to prep>e !m = ! "w ( massacre1 _! hatr$ is k9dl$ by p]suad+ !m t !y are hat$4 ,& peaceable m5 let !mselves be play$ on ?us & g & fall on "o ano!r ) ! f]ocity ( wild bea/s2 furi\s troops ( peaceful citiz5s tak+ up arms at an empty ^w ( comm&1 = "s ridicul\s "q ( fronti]s or colonial trade int]e/s--,heav5 only kn[s :at4444 ,!y w g l %eep to ! slaught]1 kn[+ all ! :ile :]e !y are go+1 kn[+ t !y are leav+ _! wives1 kn[+ t _! *ildr5 w want = food1 full ( misgiv+s1 yet intoxicat$ by ! f9e-s\nd+ lies t are d9n$ into _! e>s4 ,!y w m>* )\t revolt1 passive1 resign$--?\gh ! numb]s & ! /r5g? are !irs1 & !y might1 if !y knew h[ to co-op]ate toge!r1 e/abli% ! reign ( good s5se & frat]nity1 in/ead ( ! b>b>\s trick]y ( diplomacy4 ,!y w m>* to battle s delud$1 s dup$1 t !y w believe slaught] to be a duty1 & w ask ! b5$iction ( ,god on _! lu/ = blood4 ,!y w m>* to battle trampl+ und]foot ! h>ve/s !y h s[n1 burn+ ! t[ns !y h built--) songs ( triumph1 fe/ive music1 & cries ( jubilation4 ,& _! sons w raise /atues to ^? :o h done mo/ 9 _! slaught]4 ,! de/9y ( a :ole g5]ation dep5ds on ! h\r 9 :i* "s ill-fat$ politician may give ! signal t w be foll[$4 ,we "k t ! be/ ( u w be cut d[n & our "w w be de/roy$ 9 embryo4 ,we "k x & tremble ) rage1 b we c d no?+4 ,we are held fa/ 9 ! toils ( (ficialdom & r$ tape1 & too rude a %ock w\ld be ne$$ to set u free4 ,we are enslav$ by ! laws we set up = our protection1 :i* h become our oppression4 ,we are b ! tools ( t autocratic ab/raction ! /ate1 :i* enslaves ea* individual 9 ! "n ( ! w ( all1 :o w\ld all1 tak5 individually1 desire exactly ! opposite ( :at !y w be made to d4 ,& if x 7 only a g5]ation t mu/ be sacrific$6 ,b !re are grav] int]e/s at /ake4 ,! paid politicians1 ! ambiti\s /atesm51 :o exploit ! evil passions ( ! populace1 & ! imbeciles :o are delud$ by f9e-s\nd+ phrases1 h s embitt]$ national feuds t ! exi/5ce ( a :ole race w be at /ake 9 ! w> ( ! morr[4 ,"o ( ! elem5ts t con/itute ! mod]n _w is ?reat5$1 ! conqu]$ p w be wip$ out ( exi/5ce1 & :i*ev] x may be1 we %all see a moral =ce annihilat$1 z if !re 7 too _m =ces to "w = good--we %all h a new ,europe =m$ on f\ndations s unju/1 s brutal1 s sangu9>y1 /a9$ ) s mon/r\s a crime1 t x _c b be worse ?an ! ,europe ( to-day--m iniquit\s1 m b>b>\s1 m viol5t4 ,?us "o feels cru%$ "u ! weight ( an imm5se disc\ragem5t4 ,we are /ruggl+ 9 a cul de sac ) muskets aim$ at u f ! h\setops4 ,our labor is l t ( sailors execut+ _! la/ task z ! %ip beg9s to s9k4 ,our pleasures are ^? ( ! condemn$ victim1 :o is (f]$ 8 *oice ( da9ties a qu>t] ( an h\r be=e 8 execution4 ,?\ght is p>alyz$ by angui%1 & ! mo/ x is capable ( is to calculate--int]pret+ ! vague phrases ( m9i/]s1 spell+ out ! s5se ( ! spee*es ( sov]eigns1 & rum9at+ on ! words attribut$ to diplomati/s report$ on ! unc]ta9 au?ority ( ! newspap]s--:e!r x is to be to-morr[ or ! day aft]1 ?is ye> or ! next1 t we are to be murd]$4 ,s t "o might seek 9 va9 9 hi/ory an epo* m insecure1 m cru%$ "u ! weight ( suff]+4#aa #aa ,le ,s5s de la ,vie1 pp4 #bjh-ac4 ,"h x is po9t$ out t ! =ce is 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o "w _! own de/ruction1 9 ! h&s ( ! individual m5 :o make up ! masses2 x is po9t$ out t ! s\rce ( ! evil is ! gov]nm5t4 ,x w\ld seem evid5t t ! contradiction betwe5 life & consci5ce _h rea*$ ! limit beyond :i* x _c g1 & aft] rea*+ ?is limit "s solution ( x mu/ be f\nd4 ,b ! au?or does n ?9k s4 ,he sees 9 ?is ! trag$y ( human life1 & aft] depict+ all ! horror ( ! position he concludes t human life mu/ be sp5t 9 ! mid/ ( ?is horror4 ,s mu* = ! attitude to w> ( ^? :o reg>d x z some?+ tragic & fat$ by de/9y4 ,! ?ird category consi/s ( m5 :o h lo/ all consci5ce &1 consequ5tly1 all common s5se & feel+ ( humanity4 ,to ?is category belongs ,moltke1 ^: op9ion has be5 quot$ above by ,maupassant1 & ! majority ( milit>y m51 :o h be5 educat$ 9 ?is cruel sup]/ition1 live by x1 & consequ5tly are (t5 9 all simplicity conv9c$ t w> is n only an inevitable1 b ev5 a necess>y & b5eficial ?+4 ,?is is also ! view ( "s civilians1 s-call$ educat$ & cultivat$ p4 ,"h is :at ! celebrat$ academician ,camille ,d\cet writes 9 reply to ! editor ( ! ,revue des ,revues1 :]e sev]al lett]s on w> 7 publi%$ toge!r3 ,,de> ,,sir3 ,:5 y ask ! lea/ w>like ( academicians :e!r he is a p>tisan ( w>1 8 answ] is kn[n be=eh&4 ,alas6 sir1 y y\rself speak ( ! pacific ideal inspir+ y\r g5]\s compatriots z a dream4 ,dur+ my life ,i h he>d a great _m good p prote/ aga9/ ?is frightful cu/om ( int]national but*]y1 :i* all admit & deplore2 b h[ is x to be rem$i$8 ,(t51 too1 !re h be5 attempts to suppress duel+2 "o w\ld fancy t seem$ an easy task3 b n at all6 ,all t has be5 done hi!rto ) t noble object has nev] be5 & nev] w be ( use4 ,all ! congresses ( bo? hemisph]es may vote aga9/ w>1 & aga9/ duel+ too1 b above all arbitrations1 conv5tions1 & legislations !re w always be ! p]sonal honor ( individual m51 :i* has always dem&$ duel+1 & ! int]e/s ( nations1 :i* w always dem& w>4 ,i wi% none ! less f ! dep?s ( my he>t t ! ,congress ( ,univ]sal ,peace may succe$ at la/ 9 its v honorable & difficult ent]prise4 ,i am1 de> sir1 etc41 ,,camille ,,d\cet4 ,! up%ot ( ?is is t p]sonal honor requires m5 to fight1 & ! int]e/s ( nations require !m to ru9 & ext]m9ate ea* o!r4 ,z = ! ef=ts to aboli% w>1 !y call = no?+ b a smile4 ,! op9ion ( ano!r well-kn[n academician1 ,jules ,cl>etie1 is ( ! same k9d4 ,,de> ,,sir he writes3 ,= a man ( s5se !re c be b "o op9ion on ! subject ( peace & w>4 ,humanity is creat$ to live1 to live free1 to p]fect & ameliorate its fate by peaceful labor4 ,! g5]al h>mony prea*$ by ! ,univ]sal ,peace ,congress is b a dream p]haps1 b at lea/ x is ! faire/ ( all dreams4 ,man is always look+ t[>d ! ,promis$ ,l&1 & !re ! h>ve/s are to rip5 ) no fe> ( _! be+ torn up by %ells or cru%$ by cannon :eels4444 ,b6 ,ah6 b--s9ce philosoph]s & philan?ropi/s are n ! controll+ p[]s1 x is well = our soldi]s to gu>d our fronti] & homes1 & _! arms1 skillfully us$1 are p]haps ! sure/ gu>antee ( ! peace we all love4 ,peace is a gift only grant$ to ! /rong & ! resolute4 ,i am1 de> sir1 etc41 ,,jules ,,cl>etie4 ,! up%ot ( ?is lett] is t !re is no h>m 9 talk+ ab\t :at no "o int5ds or feels oblig$ to d4 ,b :5 x comes to practice1 we mu/ fight4 ,& "h n[ is ! view lately express$ by ! mo/ popul> noveli/ 9 ,europe1 mile ,zola3 ,i reg>d w> z a fatal necessity1 :i* appe>s inevitable = u f its close connection ) human nature & ! :ole con/itution ( ! _w4 ,i %\ld wi% t w> c\ld be put (f = ! longe/ possible "t4 ,nev]!less1 ! mom5t w come :5 we %all be =c$ to g to w>4 ,i am consid]+ x at ?is mom5t f ! /&po9t ( univ]sal humanity1 & mak+ no ref]5ce to our misund]/&+ ) ,g]many--a mo/ trivial incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,i say t w> is necess>y & b5eficial1 s9ce x seems "o ( ! conditions ( exi/5ce = humanity4 ,w> confronts u ev]y:]e1 n only w> betwe5 diff]5t races & peoples1 b w> too1 9 private & family life4 ,x seems "o ( ! pr9cipal elem5ts ( progress1 & e /ep 9 advance t humanity has tak5 hi!rto has be5 att5d$ by blood%$4 ,m5 h talk$1 & /ill talk1 ( dis>mam5t1 :ile dis>mam5t is some?+ impossible1 to :i*1 ev5 if x 7 possible1 we ought n to cons5t4 ,i am conv9c$ t a g5]al dis>mam5t ?r\gh\t ! _w w\ld involve some?+ l a moral decad5ce1 :i* w\ld %[ itself 9 g5]al feebl5ess1 & w\ld h9d] ! progressive advancem5t ( humanity4 ,a w>like nation has always be5 /rong & fl\ri%+4 ,! art ( w> has l$ to ! developm5t ( all ! o!r arts4 ,hi/ory be>s witness to x4 ,s 9 ,a!ns & 9 ,rome1 comm]ce1 manufactures1 & lit]ature nev] atta9$ s high a po9t ( developm5t z :5 ^? cities 7 ma/]s ( ! :ole _w by =ce ( arms4 ,to take an example f times ne>] our own1 we may recall ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! w>s ( ! ,gr& ,mon>que 7 n only no h9drance to ! progress ( ! arts & sci5ces1 b ev51 on ! contr>y1 seem to h promot$ & favor$ _! developm5t4 ,s w> is a b5eficial ?+6 ,b ! be/ expression ( ?is attitude is ! view ( ! mo/ gift$ ( ! writ]s ( ?is s*ool1 ! academician de ,vog4 ,?is is :at he writes 9 an article on ! ,milit>y ,section ( ! ,exhibition ( #ahhi3 ,on ! ,esplanade des ,invalides1 among ! exotic & colonial encampm5ts1 a build+ 9 a m sev]e /yle ov]awes ! picturesque baza>2 all ^! fragm5ts ( ! globe h come to ga!r r\nd ! ,palace ( ,w>1 & 9 turn our gue/s m\nt gu>d submissively be=e ! "m build+1 b = :om !y w\ld n be "h4 ,f9e subject = ! anti!sis ( rhetoric1 ( humanit>ians :o c\ld n fail to :imp] ov] ?is juxtaposition1 & to say t 'ceci tu]a cela1'#ab t ! union ( ! nations ?r\gh sci5ce & labor w ov]come ! in/9ct ( w>4 ,let u leave !m to *]i% ! *im]a ( a gold5 age1 :i* w\ld soon become1 if x c\ld be realiz$1 an age ( mud4 ,all hi/ory tea*es u t ! "o is creat$ = ! o!r1 t blood is ne$$ to ha/5 & cem5t ! union ( ! nations4 ,natural sci5ce has ratifi$ 9 our day ! my/]i\s law reveal$ to ,joseph de ,mai/re by ! intuition ( 8 g5ius & by m$itation on fundam5tal tru?s2 he saw ! _w r$eem+ itself f h]$it>y deg5]ations by sacrifice2 sci5ce %[s x advanc+ to p]fection ?r\gh /ruggle & viol5t selection2 !re is ! /atem5t ( ! same law 9 bo?1 express$ 9 diff]5t =mulas4 ,! /atem5t is disagreeable1 no d\bt2 b ! laws ( ! _w are n made = our pleasure1 !y are made = our progress4 ,let u ent] ?is inevitable1 necess>y palace ( w>2 we %all be able to obs]ve !re h[ ! mo/ t5aci\s ( our in/9cts1 )\t los+ any ( its vigor1 is trans=m$ & adapt$ to ! v>y+ exig5cies ( hi/orical epo*s4 #ab ,phrase quot$ f ,victor-,hugo1 ,notre-,dame de ,p>is4 ,m4 de ,vog f9ds ! necessity = w>1 accord+ to 8 views1 well express$ by ! two great writ]s1 ,joseph de ,mai/re & ,d>w91 ^: /atem5ts he likes s mu* t he quotes !m aga94 ,,de> ,,sir he writes to ! editor ( ! ,revue des ,revues3 ,y ask me my view z to ! possible success ( ! ,univ]sal ,congress ( ,peace4 ,i hold ) ,d>w9 t viol5t /ruggle is a law ( nature :i* ov]rules all o!r laws2 ,i hold ) ,joseph de ,mai/re t x is a div9e law2 two diff]5t ways ( describ+ ! same ?+4 ,if by "s impossible *ance a fraction ( human society--all ! civiliz$ ,we/1 let u suppose--7 to succe$ 9 susp5d+ ! action ( ?is law1 "s races ( /rong] in/9cts w\ld und]take ! task ( putt+ x into action aga9/ u3 ^? races w\ld v9dicate nature's reason+ aga9/ human reason2 !y w\ld be successful1 because ! c]ta9ty ( peace--,i d n say peace1 ,i say ! c]ta9ty ( peace--w\ld1 9 half a c5tury1 eng5d] a corruption & a decad5ce m de/ructive = mank9d ?an ! wor/ ( w>s4 ,i believe t we mu/ d ) w>--! crim9al law ( humanity--z ) all our crim9al laws1 t is1 s(t5 !m1 put !m 9 =ce z r>ely z possible2 use e ef=t to make _! application unnecess>y4 ,b all ! exp]i5ce ( hi/ory tea*es u t !y _c be altoge!r suppress$ s long z two m5 are left on e>?1 ) bread1 money1 & a woman betwe5 !m4 ,i %\ld be v happy if ! ,congress w\ld prove me 9 error4 ,b ,i d\bt if x c prove hi/ory1 nature1 & ,god 9 error also4 ,i am1 de> sir1 etc41 ,e4 ,m4 ,,de ,,vog4 ,?is am\nts to say+ t hi/ory1 human nature1 & ,god %[ u t s long z !re are two m51 & bread1 money & a woman--!re w be w>4 ,t is to say t no progress w lead m5 to rise above ! savage conception ( life1 :i* reg>ds no p>ticipation ( bread1 money 7money is good 9 ?is context7 & woman possible )\t fight+4 ,!y are /range p1 ^! m5 :o assemble 9 ,congresses1 & make spee*es to %[ u h[ to cat* birds by putt+ salt on _! tails1 ?\gh !y mu/ "k x is impossible to d x4 ,& amaz+ are !y too1 :o1 l ,maupassant1 ,rod1 & _m o!rs1 see cle>ly all ! horror ( w>1 all ! inconsi/5cy ( m5 n do+ :at is ne$ful1 "r1 & b5eficial = !m to d2 :o lam5t ov] ! trag$y ( life1 & d n see t ! :ole trag$y is at an end directly m51 ceas+ to take acc\nt ( any unnecess>y consid]ations1 refuse to d :at is hateful & disa/r\s to !m4 ,!y are amaz+ p truly1 b ^? :o1 l ,de ,vog & o!rs1 :o1 pr(ess+ ! doctr9e ( evolution1 reg>d w> z n only inevitable1 b b5eficial1 & !re=e desirable--!y are t]rible1 hide\s1 9 _! moral p]v]sion4 ,! o!rs1 at lea/1 say t !y hate evil1 & love good1 b ^! op5ly decl>e t good & evil d n exi/4 ,all discussion ( ! possibility ( re-e/abli%+ peace in/ead ( ev]la/+ w>--is ! p]nici\s s5tim5tality ( phrasemong]s4 ,!re is a law ( evolution by :i* x foll[s t ,i mu/ live & act 9 an evil way2 :at is to be done8 ,i am an educat$ man1 ,i "k ! law ( evolution1 & !re=e ,i w act 9 an evil way4 ,entrons au palais de la gu]re4 ,!re is ! law ( evolution1 & !re=e !re is nei!r good nor evil1 & "o mu/ live = ! sake ( "o's p]sonal exi/5ce1 leav+ ! re/ to ! action ( ! law ( evolution4 ,?is is ! la/ ^w ( ref9$ culture1 & ) x1 ( t ov]%ad[+ ( consci5ce :i* has come ^u ! educat$ classes ( our times4 ,! desire ( ! educat$ classes to support ! ideas !y pref]1 & ! ord] ( exi/5ce bas$ on !m1 has atta9$ its fur!/ limits4 ,!y lie1 & delude !mselves1 & "o ano!r1 ) ! subtle/ =ms ( deception1 simply to obscure1 to dead5 consci5ce4 ,in/ead ( trans=m+ _! life into h>mony ) _! consci5ce1 !y try by e means to /ifle its voice4 ,b x is 9 d>kness t ! light beg9s to %9e1 & s ! light is ris+ ^u our epo*4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,significance ,,( ,,compulsory ,,s]vice4 ,univ]sal ,compulsory ,s]vice is n a ,political ,accid5t1 b ! ,fur!/ ,limit ( ! ,contradiction ,inh]5t 9 ! ,social ,conception ( ,life--,orig9 ( ,au?ority 9 ,society--,basis ( ,au?ority is ,physical ,viol5ce--,to be ,able to ,p]=m its ,acts ( ,viol5ce ,au?ority ,ne$s a ,special ,organization--,! ,army--,au?ority1 t is1 ,viol5ce1 is ! ,pr9ciple :i* is ,de/roy+ ! ,social ,conception ( ,life--,attitude ( ,au?ority to ! ,masses1 t is1 ,attitude ( ,gov]nm5t to ,work+ ,oppress$ ,classes--,gov]nm5ts ,try to ,fo/] 9 ,work+ ,classes ! ,idea t ,/ate ,=ce is ,necess>y to ,def5d ,!m f ,ext]nal ,enemies--,b ! ,army is ,pr9cipally ,ne$$ to ,pres]ve ,gov]nm5t f its own ,subjects--,! ,work+ ,classes--,spee* ( ,m4 de ,caprivi--,all ,privileges ( ,rul+ ,classes ,bas$ on ,viol5ce--,! ,increase ( ,armies up to ,po9t ( ,univ]sal ,s]vice--,univ]sal ,compulsory ,s]vice ,de/roys all ! ,advantages ( ,social ,life1 :i* ,gov]nm5t is ,int5d$ to ,pres]ve--,compulsory ,s]vice is ! ,fur!/ ,limit ( ,submission1 s9ce 9 ,"n ( ! ,/ate x ,requires ,sacrifice ( all t c be ,preci\s to a ,man--,is ,gov]nm5t ,necess>y8--,! ,sacrifices ,dem&$ by ,gov]nm5t 9 ,compulsory ,s]vice h ,no ,long] any ,reasonable ,basis--,& !re is ,m ,advantage to be ,ga9$ by n ,submitt+ to ! ,dem&s ( ! ,/ate ?an by ,submitt+ to ,!m4 ,educat$ p ( ! upp] classes are try+ to /ifle ! ev]-gr[+ s5se ( ! necessity ( trans=m+ ! exi/+ social ord]4 ,b life1 :i* goes on gr[+ m complex1 & develop+ 9 ! same direction1 & increases ! inconsi/5cies & ! suff]+s ( m51 br+s !m to ! limit beyond :i* !y _c g4 ,?is fur!/ limit ( inconsi/5cy is univ]sal compulsory milit>y s]vice4 ,x is usually suppos$ t univ]sal milit>y s]vice & ! increas$ armam5ts connect$ ) x1 z well z ! result+ increase ( taxes & national debts1 are a pass+ ph5om5on1 produc$ by ! p>ticul> political situation ( ,europe1 & t x may be remov$ by c]ta9 political comb9ations )\t any modification ( ! inn] ord] ( life4 ,?is is absolutely incorrect4 ,univ]sal milit>y s]vice is only ! int]nal inconsi/5cy inh]5t 9 ! social conception ( life1 c>ri$ to its fur!/ limits1 & becom+ evid5t :5 a c]ta9 /age ( mat]ial developm5t is rea*$4 ,! social conception ( life1 we h se51 consi/s 9 ! transf] ( ! aim ( life f ! individual to gr\ps & _! ma9t5ance--to ! tribe1 family1 race1 or /ate4 ,9 ! social conception ( life x is suppos$ t s9ce ! aim ( life is f\nd 9 gr\ps ( individuals1 individuals w volunt>ily sacrifice _! own int]e/s = ! int]e/s ( ! gr\p4 ,& s x has be51 & /ill is1 9 fact1 9 c]ta9 gr\ps1 ! di/9ction be+ t !y are ! mo/ primitive =ms ( association 9 ! family or tribe or race1 or ev5 9 ! patri>*al /ate4 ,?r\gh tradition h&$ d[n by education & support$ by religi\s s5tim5t1 individuals )\t compulsion m]g$ _! int]e/s 9 ! int]e/ ( ! gr\p & sacrific$ _! own good = ! g5]al welf>e4 ,b ! m complex & ! l>g] societies become1 & especially ! m (t5 conque/ becomes ! cause ( ! amalgamation ( p into a /ate1 ! m (t5 individuals /rive to atta9 _! own aims at ! public exp5se1 & ! m (t5 x becomes necess>y to re/ra9 ^! insubord9ate individuals by rec\rse to au?ority1 t is1 to viol5ce4 ,! *ampions ( ! social conception ( life usually try to connect ! idea ( au?ority1 t is1 ( viol5ce1 ) ! idea ( moral influ5ce1 b ?is connection is q impossible4 ,! effect ( moral influ5ce on a man is to *ange 8 desires & to b5d !m 9 ! direction ( ! duty requir$ ( him4 ,! man :o is controll$ by moral influ5ce acts 9 accordance ) 8 own desires4 ,au?ority1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is ord9>ily und]/ood1 is a means ( =c+ a man to act 9 opposition to 8 desires4 ,! man :o submits to au?ority does n d z he *ooses b z he is oblig$ by au?ority4 ,no?+ c oblige a man to d :at he does n *oose except physical =ce1 or ! ?reat ( x1 t is--deprivation ( fre$om1 bl[s1 imprisonm5t1 or ?reats--easily c>ri$ out--( su* puni%m5ts4 ,?is is :at au?ority consi/s ( & always has consi/$ (4 ,9 spite ( ! unceas+ ef=ts ( ^? :o happ5 to be 9 au?ority to conceal ?is & attribute "s o!r significance to x1 au?ority has always meant = man ! cord1 ! *a9 ) :i* he is b\nd & fett]$1 or ! kn\t ) :i* he is to be flogg$1 or ! ax ) :i* he is to h h&s1 e>s1 nose1 or head cut (f1 or at ! v lea/1 ! ?reat ( ^! t]rors4 ,s x 0 "u ,n]o & ,gh5ghis ,khan1 & s x is to-day1 ev5 "u ! mo/ lib]al gov]nm5t 9 ! ,republics ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( ,france4 ,if m5 submit to au?ority1 x is only because !y are liable to ^! puni%m5ts 9 case ( non-submission4 ,all /ate obligations1 paym5t ( taxes1 fulfillm5t ( /ate duties1 & submission to puni%m5ts1 exile1 f9es1 etc41 to :i* p appe> to submit volunt>ily1 are always bas$ on bodily viol5ce or ! ?reat ( x4 ,! basis ( au?ority is bodily viol5ce4 ,! possibility ( apply+ bodily viol5ce to p is provid$ above all by an organization ( arm$ m51 tra9$ to act 9 unison 9 submission to "o w4 ,^! b&s ( arm$ m51 submissive to a s+le w1 are :at con/itute ! army4 ,! army has always be5 & /ill is ! basis ( p[]4 ,p[] is always 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o control ! army1 & all m5 9 p[]--f ! ,roman ,cs>s to ! ,russian & ,g]man ,emp]ors--take m int]e/ 9 _! army ?an 9 any?+1 & c\rt popul>ity 9 ! army1 kn[+ t if t is on _! side _! p[] is secure4 ,! =mation & aggr&izem5t ( ! army1 indisp5sable to ! ma9t5ance ( au?ority1 is :at has introduc$ into ! social conception ( life ! pr9ciple t is de/roy+ x4 ,! object ( au?ority & ! ju/ification = its exi/5ce lie 9 ! re/ra9t ( ^? :o aim at atta9+ _! p]sonal int]e/s to ! detrim5t ( ! int]e/s ( society4 ,b h[ev] p[] has be5 ga9$1 ^? :o possess x are 9 no way diff]5t f o!r m51 & !re=e no m dispos$ ?an o!rs to subord9ate _! own int]e/s to ^? ( ! society4 ,on ! contr>y1 hav+ ! p[] to d s at _! disposal1 !y are m dispos$ ?an o!rs to subord9ate ! public int]e/s to _! own4 ,:atev] means m5 h devis$ = prev5t+ ^? 9 au?ority f ov]-rid+ public int]e/s = _! own b5efit1 or = intru/+ p[] only to ! mo/ faultless p1 !y h n s f> succe$$ 9 ei!r ( ^? aims4 ,all ! me?ods ( appo9t+ au?orities t h be5 tri$1 div9e "r1 & election1 & h]$ity1 & ballot+1 & assemblies & p>liam5ts & s5ate--h all prov$ ineffectual4 ,ev]yone kn[s t n "o ( ^! me?ods atta9s ! aim ei!r ( intru/+ p[] only to ! incorruptible1 or ( prev5t+ p[] f be+ abus$4 ,ev]yone kn[s on ! contr>y t m5 9 au?ority--be !y emp]ors1 m9i/]s1 gov]nors1 or police (fic]s--are always1 simply f ! possession ( p[]1 m liable to be demoraliz$1 t is1 to subord9ate public int]e/s to _! p]sonal aims ?an ^? :o h n ! p[] to d s4 ,inde$1 x c\ld n be o!rwise4 ,! /ate conception ( life c\ld be ju/ifi$ only s long z all m5 volunt>ily sacrific$ _! p]sonal int]e/s to ! public welf>e4 ,b s soon z !re 7 individuals :o w\ld n volunt>ily sacrifice _! own int]e/s1 & au?ority1 t is1 viol5ce1 0 ne$$ to re/ra9 !m1 !n ! dis9tegrat+ pr9ciple ( ! co]cion ( "o set ( p by ano!r set ent]$ into ! social conception ( ! organization bas$ on x4 ,= ! au?ority ( "o set ( m5 ov] ano!r to atta9 its object ( re/ra9+ ^? :o ov]ride public int]e/s = _! p]sonal ends1 p[] ought only to be put into ! h&s ( ! impeccable1 z x is suppos$ to be among ! ,*9ese1 & z x 0 suppos$ to be 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & is ev5 n[ suppos$ to be by ^? :o believe 9 ! consecration by ano9t+4 ,only "u ^? conditions c\ld ! social organization be ju/ifi$4 ,b s9ce ?is is n ! case1 & on ! contr>y m5 9 p[] are always f> f be+ sa9ts1 ?r\gh ! v fact ( _! possession ( p[]1 ! social organization bas$ on p[] has no ju/ification4 ,ev5 if !re 0 once a "t :51 ow+ to ! l[ /&>d ( morals1 & ! disposition ( m5 to viol5ce1 ! exi/5ce ( an au?ority to re/ra9 su* viol5ce 0 an advantage1 because ! viol5ce ( gov]nm5t 0 less ?an ! viol5ce ( individuals1 "o _c b see t ?is advantage c\ld n be la/+4 ,z ! disposition ( individuals to viol5ce dim9i%$1 & z ! habits ( ! p became m civiliz$1 & z p[] grew m demoraliz$ ?r\gh lack ( re/ra9t1 ?is advantage disappe>$4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! la/ two ?\s& ye>s is no?+ b ! hi/ory ( ?is gradual *ange ( relation betwe5 ! moral developm5t ( ! masses on ! "o h& & ! demoralization ( gov]nm5ts on ! o!r4 ,?is1 put simply1 is h[ x has come to pass4 ,m5 liv$ 9 families1 tribes1 & races1 at feud ) "o ano!r1 plund]+1 outrag+1 & kill+ "o ano!r4 ,^! viol5t ho/ilities 7 c>ri$ on on a l>ge & on a small scale3 man aga9/ man1 family aga9/ family1 tribe aga9/ tribe1 race aga9/ race1 & p aga9/ p4 ,! l>g] & /rong] gr\ps conqu]$ & absorb$ ! weak]1 & ! l>g] & /rong] !y became1 ! m int]nal feuds disappe>$ & ! m ! cont9uity ( ! gr\p seem$ assur$4 ,! memb]s ( a family or tribe1 unit$ into "o community1 are less ho/ile among !mselves1 & families & tribes d n die l "o man1 b h a cont9uity ( exi/5ce4 ,betwe5 ! memb]s ( "o /ate1 subject to a s+le au?ority1 ! /rife betwe5 individuals seems /ill less & ! life ( ! /ate seems ev5 m secure4 ,_! association into l>g] & l>g] gr\ps 0 n ! result ( ! consci\s recognition ( ! b5efits ( su* associations1 z x is said to be 9 ! /ory ( ! ,v>yagi4 ,x 0 produc$1 on "o h&1 by ! natural gr[? ( population1 &1 on ! o!r1 by /ruggle & conque/4 ,aft] conque/ ! p[] ( ! emp]or puts an end to int]nal diss5sions1 & s ! /ate conception ( life ju/ifies itself4 ,b ?is ju/ification is nev] m ?an tempor>y4 ,int]nal diss5sions disappe> only 9 proportion to ! degree ( oppression ex]t$ by ! au?ority ov] ! diss5ti5t individuals4 ,! viol5ce ( int]nal feud cru%$ by au?ority reappe>s 9 au?ority itself1 :i* falls into ! h&s ( m5 :o1 l ! re/1 are frequ5tly or always ready to sacrifice ! public welf>e to _! p]sonal int]e/1 ) ! diff]5ce t _! subjects _c resi/ !m1 & ?us !y are expos$ to all ! demoraliz+ influ5ce ( au?ority4 ,& ?us ! evil ( viol5ce1 :5 x passes into ! h&s ( au?ority1 is always gr[+ & gr[+1 & 9 "t becomes great] ?an ! evil x is suppos$ to suppress1 :ile1 at ! same "t1 ! t5d5cy to viol5ce 9 ! memb]s ( ! society becomes weak] & weak]1 s t ! viol5ce ( au?ority is less & less ne$$4 ,gov]nm5t au?ority1 ev5 if x does suppress private viol5ce1 always introduces into ! life ( m5 fre% =ms ( viol5ce1 :i* t5d to become great] & great] 9 proportion to ! duration & /r5g? ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,s t ?\gh ! viol5ce ( p[] is less noticeable 9 gov]nm5t ?an :5 x is employ$ by memb]s ( society aga9/ "o ano!r1 because x f9ds expression 9 submission1 & n 9 /rife1 x nev]!less exi/s1 & (t5 to a great] degree ?an 9 =m] days4 ,& x c\ld n be o!rwise1 s9ce1 ap>t f ! demoraliz+ influ5ce ( p[]1 ! policy or ev5 ! unconsci\s t5d5cy ( ^? 9 p[] w always be to r$uce _! subjects to ! extreme ( weakness1 = ! weak] ! oppress$1 ! less ef=t ne$ be made to keep him 9 subjection4 ,& !re=e ! oppression ( ! oppress$ always goes on gr[+ up to ! fur!/ limit1 beyond :i* x _c g )\t kill+ ! goose ) ! gold5 eggs4 ,& if ! goose lays no m eggs1 l ! ,am]ican ,indians1 negroes1 & ,fijians1 !n x is kill$ 9 spite ( ! s9c]e prote/s ( philan?ropi/s4 ,! mo/ conv9c+ example ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! condition ( ! work+ classes ( our epo*1 :o are 9 reality no bett] ?an ! slaves ( anci5t times subdu$ by conque/4 ,9 spite ( ! pret5d$ ef=ts ( ! high] classes to ameliorate ! position ( ! work]s1 all ! work+ classes ( ! pres5t day are kept d[n by ! inflexible iron law by :i* !y only get j :at is b>ely necess>y1 s t !y are =c$ to "w )\t ceas+ :ile /ill reta9+ /r5g? en\gh to labor = _! employ]s1 :o are really ^? :o h conqu]$ & enslav$ !m4 ,s x has always be54 ,9 ratio to ! duration & increas+ /r5g? ( au?ority its advantages = its subjects disappe> & its disadvantages increase4 ,& ?is has be5 s1 indep5d5tly ( ! =ms ( gov]nm5t "u :i* nations h liv$4 ,! only diff]5ce is t "u a despotic =m ( gov]nm5t ! au?ority is conc5trat$ 9 a small numb] ( oppressors & viol5ce takes a crud] =m2 "u con/itutional mon>*ies & republics z 9 ,france & ,am]ica au?ority is divid$ among a great numb] ( oppressors & ! =ms assum$ by viol5ce is less crude1 b its effect ( mak+ ! disadvantages ( au?ority great] ?an its advantages1 & ( enfeebl+ ! oppress$ to ! fur!/ extreme to :i* !y c be r$uc$ ) advantage to ! oppressors1 rema9s always ! same4 ,su* has be5 & /ill is ! condition ( all ! oppress$1 b hi!rto !y h n recogniz$ ! fact4 ,9 ! majority ( in/ances !y h believ$ 9 all simplicity t gov]nm5ts exi/ = _! b5efit2 t !y w\ld be lo/ )\t a gov]nm5t2 t ! v idea ( liv+ )\t a gov]nm5t is a blasphemy :i* "o h>dly d>e put into words2 t ?is is !--= "s reason t]rible--doctr9e ( an>*ism1 ) :i* a m5tal picture ( all k9ds ( horrors is associat$4 ,p h believ$1 z ?\gh x 7 some?+ fully prov$1 & s ne$+ no pro(1 t s9ce all nations h hi!rto develop$ 9 ! =m ( /ates1 t =m ( organization is an indisp5sable condition ( ! developm5t ( humanity4 ,& 9 t way x has la/$ = hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & gov]nm5ts--^? :o happ5$ to be 9 p[]--h tri$ x1 & are n[ try+ m zeal\sly ?an ev] to keep _! subjects 9 ?is error4 ,s x 0 "u ! ,roman emp]ors & s x is n[4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t ! s5se ( ! uselessness & ev5 injuri\s effects ( /ate viol5ce is m & m p5etrat+ into m5's consci\sness1 ?+s might h gone on 9 ! same way =ev] if gov]nm5ts 7 n "u ! necessity ( con/antly increas+ _! armies 9 ord] to ma9ta9 _! p[]4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ t gov]nm5ts /r5g!n _! =ces only to def5d ! /ate f o!r /ates1 9 oblivion ( ! fact t armies are necess>y1 be=e all ?+s1 = ! def5se ( gov]nm5ts f _! own oppress$ & enslav$ subjects4 ,t has always be5 necess>y1 & has become m & m necess>y ) ! increas$ diffusion ( education among ! masses1 ) ! improv$ communication betwe5 p ( ! same & ( diff]5t nationalities4 ,x has become p>ticul>ly indisp5sable n[ 9 ! face ( communism1 socialism1 an>*ism1 & ! labor movem5t g5]ally4 ,gov]nm5ts feel t x is s1 & /r5g!n ! =ce ( _! discipl9$ armies4#ac #ac ,! fact t 9 ,am]ica ! abuses ( au?ority exi/ 9 spite ( ! small numb] ( _! troops n only fails to disprove ?is position1 b positively confirms x4 ,9 ,am]ica !re are few] soldi]s ?an 9 o!r /ates4 ,t is :y !re is n[h]e else s little oppression ( ! work+ classes1 & no c\ntry :]e ! end ( ! abuses ( gov]nm5t & ( gov]nm5t itself seems s ne>4 ,( late z ! comb9ations ( labor]s ga9 9 /r5g?1 "o he>s m & m frequ5tly ! cry rais$ = ! increase ( ! army1 ?\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates are n ?reat5$ ) any attack f )\t4 ,! upp] classes "k t an army ( fifty ?\s& w soon be insuffici5t1 & no long] rely+ on ,p9k]ton's m51 !y feel t ! security ( _! position dep5ds on ! increas$ /r5g? ( ! army4 ,9 ! ,g]man ,rei*/ag n long ago1 9 reply to a "q :y funds 7 ne$$ = rais+ ! sal>ies ( ! "u-(fic]s1 ! ,g]man ,*ancellor op5ly decl>$ t tru/wor?y "u-(fic]s 7 necess>y to cont5d aga9/ socialism4 ,caprivi only said al\d :at e /atesman kn[s & assidu\sly conceals f ! p4 ,! reason to :i* he gave expression is ess5tially ! same z t :i* made ! ,fr5* k+s & ! popes engage ,swiss & ,scot* gu>ds1 & makes ! ,russian au?orities ( to-day s c>efully di/ribute ! recruits1 s t ! regim5ts f ! fronti]s are /ation$ 9 c5tral di/ricts1 & ! regim5ts f ! c5t] are /ation$ on ! fronti]s4 ,! mean+ ( ,caprivi's spee*1 put into pla9 language1 is t funds are ne$$1 n to resi/ =eign foes1 b to buy "u-(fic]s to be ready to act aga9/ ! enslav$ toil+ masses4 ,caprivi incauti\sly gave utt]ance to :at ev]yone kn[s p]fectly well1 or at lea/ feels vaguely if he does n recognize x1 t is1 t ! exi/+ ord] ( life is z x is1 n1 z w\ld be natural & "r1 because ! p wi% x to be s1 b because x is s ma9ta9$ by /ate viol5ce1 by ! army ) its b\ght "u-(fic]s & g5]als4 ,if ! labor] has no l&1 if he _c use ! natural "r ( e man to d]ive subsi/5ce = himself & 8 family out ( ! l&1 t is n because ! p wi% x to be s1 b because a c]ta9 set ( m51 ! l&-own]s1 h appropriat$ ! "r ( giv+ or refus+ admittance to ! l& to ! labor]s4 ,& ?is abnormal ord] ( ?+s is ma9ta9$ by ! army4 ,if ! imm5se weal? produc$ by ! labor ( ! work+ classes is n reg>d$ z ! prop]ty ( all1 b z ! prop]ty ( a few exceptional p]sons2 if labor is tax$ by au?ority & ! taxes sp5t by a few on :at !y ?9k fit2 if /rikes on ! "p ( labor]s are repress$1 :ile on ! "p ( capitali/s !y are enc\rag$2 if c]ta9 p]sons appropriate ! "r ( *oos+ ! =m ( ! education1 religi\s & secul>1 ( *ildr51 & c]ta9 p]sons monopolize ! "r ( mak+ ! laws all mu/ obey1 & s dispose ( ! lives & prop]ties ( o!r p--all ?is is n done because ! p wi% x & because x is :at is natural & "r1 b because ! gov]nm5t & rul+ classes wi% ?is to be s = _! own b5efit1 & insi/ on its be+ s ev5 by physical viol5ce4 ,ev]yone1 if he does n recognize ?is n[1 w "k t x is s at ! fir/ attempt at insubord9ation or at a revolution ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,armies1 !n1 are ne$$ by gov]nm5ts & by ! rul+ classes above all to support ! pres5t ord]1 :i*1 f> f be+ ! result ( ! p's ne$s1 is (t5 9 direct antagonism to !m1 & is only b5eficial to ! gov]nm5t & rul+ classes4 ,to keep _! subjects 9 oppression & to be able to enjoy ! fruits ( _! labor ! gov]nm5t mu/ h arm$ =ces4 ,b !re is n only "o gov]nm5t4 ,!re are o!r gov]nm5ts1 exploit+ _! subjects by viol5ce 9 ! same way1 & always ready to p\nce d[n on any o!r gov]nm5t & c>ry (f ! fruits ( ! toil ( its enslav$ subjects4 ,& s e gov]nm5t ne$s an army also to protect its booty f its neighbor brig&s4 ,e gov]nm5t is ?us involunt>ily r$uc$ to ! necessity ( emulat+ "o ano!r 9 ! increase ( _! armies4 ,?is increase is contagi\s1 z ,montesquieu po9t$ out #aej ye>s ago4 ,e increase 9 ! army ( "o /ate1 ) ! aim ( self-def5se aga9/ its subjects1 becomes a s\rce ( dang] = neighbor+ /ates & calls = a simil> increase 9 _! armies4 ,! arm$ =ces h rea*$ _! pres5t numb] ( millions n only ?r\gh ! m5ace ( dang] f neighbor+ /ates1 b pr9cipally ?r\gh ! necessity ( subdu+ e ef=t at revolt on ! "p ( ! subjects4 ,bo? causes1 mutually dep5d5t1 contribute to ! same result at once2 troops are requir$ aga9/ int]nal =ces & also to keep up a position ) o!r /ates4 ,"o is ! result ( ! o!r4 ,! despotism ( a gov]nm5t always increases ) ! /r5g? ( ! army & its ext]nal successes1 & ! aggressiv5ess ( a gov]nm5t increases ) its int]nal despotism4 ,! rivalry ( ! ,european /ates 9 con/antly increas+ _! =ces has r$uc$ !m to ! necessity ( hav+ rec\rse to univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 s9ce by t means ! greate/ possible numb] ( soldi]s is obta9$ at ! lea/ possible exp5se4 ,g]many fir/ hit on ?is device4 ,& directly "o /ate adopt$ x ! o!rs 7 oblig$ to d ! same4 ,& by ?is means all citiz5s are "u arms to support ! iniquities practic$ ^u !m2 all citiz5s h become _! own oppressors4 ,univ]sal milit>y s]vice 0 an inevitable logical necessity1 to :i* we 7 b\nd to come4 ,b x is also ! la/ expression ( ! inconsi/5cy inh]5t 9 ! social conception ( life1 :5 viol5ce is ne$$ to ma9ta9 x4 ,?is inconsi/5cy has become obvi\s 9 univ]sal milit>y s]vice4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole significance ( ! social conception ( life consi/s 9 man's recognition ( ! b>b>ity ( /rife betwe5 individuals1 & ! transitor9ess ( p]sonal life itself1 & ! transf]5ce ( ! aim ( life to gr\ps ( p]sons4 ,b ) univ]sal milit>y s]vice x comes to pass t m51 aft] mak+ e sacrifice to get rid ( ! cruelty ( /rife & ! insecurity ( exi/5ce1 are call$ ^u to face all ! p]ils !y _h meant to avoid4 ,& 9 addition to ?is ! /ate1 = ^: sake individuals r5\nc$ _! p]sonal advantages1 is expos$ aga9 to ! same risks ( insecurity & lack ( p]man5ce z ! individual himself 0 9 previ\s times4 ,gov]nm5ts 7 to give m5 fre$om f ! cruelty ( p]sonal /rife & security 9 ! p]man5ce ( ! /ate ord] ( exi/5ce4 ,b in/ead ( do+ t !y expose ! individuals to ! same necessity ( /rife1 sub/itut+ /rife ) individuals ( o!r /ates = /rife ) neighbors4 ,& ! dang] ( de/ruction = ! individual1 & ! /ate too1 !y leave j z x 04 ,univ]sal milit>y s]vice may be comp>$ to ! ef=ts ( a man to prop up 8 fall+ h\se :o s surr\nds x & fills x ) props & buttresses & planks & scaffold+ t he manages to keep ! h\se /&+ only by mak+ x impossible to live 9 x4 ,9 ! same way univ]sal milit>y s]vice de/roys all ! b5efits ( ! social ord] ( life :i* x is employ$ to ma9ta94 ,! advantages ( social organization are security ( prop]ty & labor & associat$ action = ! improvem5t ( exi/5ce--univ]sal milit>y s]vice de/roys all ?is4 ,! taxes rais$ f ! p = w> prep>ations absorb ! great] "p ( ! produce ( labor :i* ! army ought to def5d4 ,! )draw+ ( all m5 f ! ord9>y c\rse ( life de/roys ! possibility ( labor itself4 ,! dang] ( w>1 ev] ready to break out1 r5d]s all re=ms ( social life va9 & fruitless4 ,9 =m] days if a man 7 told t if he did n ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( ! /ate1 he w\ld be expos$ to attack f enemies dome/ic & =eign1 t he w\ld h to resi/ !m alone1 & w\ld be liable to be kill$1 & t !re=e x w\ld be to 8 advantage to put up ) "s h>d%ips to secure himself f ^! calamities1 he might well believe x1 see+ t ! sacrifices he made to ! /ate 7 only p>tial & gave him ! hope ( a tranquil exi/5ce 9 a p]man5t /ate4 ,b n[1 :5 ! sacrifices h be5 increas$ t5fold & ! promis$ advantages are disappe>+1 x w\ld be a natural reflection t submission to au?ority is absolutely useless4 ,b ! fatal significance ( univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 z ! manife/ation ( ! contradiction inh]5t 9 ! social conception ( life1 is n only app>5t 9 t4 ,! greate/ manife/ation ( ?is contradiction consi/s 9 ! fact t e citiz5 9 be+ made a soldi] becomes a prop ( ! gov]nm5t organization1 & %>es ! responsibility ( ev]y?+ ! gov]nm5t does1 ev5 ?\gh he may n admit its legitimacy4 ,gov]nm5ts ass]t t armies are ne$$ above all = ext]nal def5se1 b t is n true4 ,!y are ne$$ pr9cipally aga9/ _! subjects1 & e man1 "u univ]sal milit>y s]vice1 becomes an accomplice 9 all ! acts ( viol5ce ( ! gov]nm5t aga9/ ! citiz5s )\t any *oice ( 8 own4 ,to conv9ce oneself ( ?is "o ne$ only rememb] :at ?+s are done 9 e /ate1 9 ! "n ( ord] & ! public welf>e1 ( :i* ! execution always falls to ! army4 ,all civil outbreaks = dyna/ic or o!r p>ty reasons1 all ! executions t foll[ on su* di/urbances1 all repression ( insurrections1 & milit>y int]v5tion to break up meet+s & to suppress /rikes1 all =c$ extortion ( taxes1 all ! iniquit\s di/ributions ( l&1 all ! re/rictions on labor--are ei!r c>ri$ out directly by ! milit>y or by ! police ) ! army at _! back4 ,anyone :o s]ves 8 "t 9 ! army %>es ! responsibility ( all ^! ?+s1 ab\t :i* he is1 9 "s cases1 dubi\s1 :ile v (t5 !y are directly oppos$ to 8 consci5ce4 ,p are unwill+ to be turn$ out ( ! l& !y h cultivat$ = g5]ations1 or !y are unwill+ to disp]se :5 ! gov]nm5t au?ority ord]s !m1 or !y are unwill+ to pay ! taxes requir$ ( !m1 or to recognize laws z b9d+ on !m :5 !y h _h no h& 9 mak+ !m1 or to be depriv$ ( _! nationality--& ,i1 9 ! fulfillm5t ( my milit>y duty1 mu/ g & %oot !m = x4 ,h[ c ,i help ask+ myself :5 ,i take "p 9 su* puni%m5ts1 :e!r !y are j1 & :e!r ,i ought to assi/ 9 c>ry+ !m out8 ,univ]sal s]vice is ! extreme limit ( viol5ce necess>y = ! support ( ! :ole /ate organization1 & x is ! extreme limit to :i* submission on ! "p ( ! subjects c g4 ,x is ! key/one ( ! :ole edifice1 & its fall w br+ x all d[n4 ,! "t has come :5 ! ev]-gr[+ abuse ( p[] by gov]nm5ts & _! /ruggles ) "o ano!r has l$ to _! dem&+ su* mat]ial & ev5 moral sacrifices f _! subjects t ev]yone is =c$ to reflect & ask himself1 ,c ,i make ^! sacrifices8 ,& = ! sake ( :at am ,i mak+ !m8 ,i am expect$ = ! sake ( ! /ate to make ^! sacrifices1 to r5\nce ev]y?+ t c be preci\s to man--peace1 family1 security1 & human dignity4 ,:at is ?is /ate1 = ^: sake su* t]rible sacrifices h to be made8 ,& :y is x s indisp5sably necess>y8 ,! /ate1 !y tell u1 is indisp5sably ne$$1 9 ! fir/ place1 because )\t x we %\ld n be protect$ aga9/ ! attacks ( evil-dispos$ p]sons2 & secondly1 except = ! /ate we %\ld be savages & %\ld h nei!r religion1 culture1 education1 nor comm]ce1 nor means ( communication1 nor o!r social in/itutions2 & ?irdly1 )\t ! /ate to def5d u we %\ld be liable to be conqu]$ & enslav$ by neighbor+ peoples4 ,except = ! /ate1 !y say1 we %\ld be expos$ to ! attacks ( evil-dispos$ p]sons 9 our own c\ntry4 ,b :o are ^! evil-dispos$ p]sons 9 our mid/ f ^: attacks we are pres]v$ by ! /ate & its army8 ,ev5 if1 ?ree or f\r c5turies ago1 :5 m5 prid$ !mselves on _! w>like pr[ess1 :5 kill+ m5 0 consid]$ an h]oic a*ievem5t1 !re 7 su* p]sons2 we "k v well t !re are no su* p]sons n[1 t we d n n[adays c>ry or use fire>ms1 b ev]yone pr(esses humane pr9ciples & feels sympa?y = 8 fell[s1 & wants no?+ m ?an we all d--t is1 to be left 9 peace to enjoy 8 exi/5ce undi/urb$4 ,s t n[adays !re are no special malefactors f :om ! /ate c\ld def5d u4 ,if by ^! evil-dispos$ p]sons is meant ! m5 :o are puni%$ z crim9als1 we "k v well t !y are n a diff]5t k9d ( be+ l wild bea/s among %eep1 b are m5 j l ourselves1 & no m naturally incl9$ to crimes ?an ^? aga9/ :om !y commit !m4 ,we "k n[ t ?reats & puni%m5ts _c dim9i% _! numb]2 t t c only be done by *ange ( environm5t & moral influ5ce4 ,s t ! ju/ification ( /ate viol5ce on ! gr\nd ( ! protection x gives u f evil-dispos$ p]sons1 ev5 if x _h "s f\ndation ?ree or f\r c5turies ago1 has none :atev] n[4 ,at pres5t "o w\ld r say on ! contr>y t ! action ( ! /ate ) its cruel me?ods ( puni%m5t1 beh9d ! g5]al moral /&>d ( ! age1 su* z prisons1 galleys1 gibbets1 & guillot9es1 t5ds r to brutalize ! p ?an to civilize !m1 & consequ5tly r to increase ?an dim9i% ! numb] ( malefactors4 ,except = ! /ate1 !y tell u1 we %\ld n h any religion1 education1 culture1 means ( communication1 & s on4 ,)\t ! /ate m5 w\ld n h be5 able to =m ! social in/itutions ne$$ = do+ any?+4 ,?is argum5t too 0 well f\nd$ only "s c5turies ago4 ,if !re 0 a "t :5 p 7 s disunit$1 :5 !y _h s little means ( communication & int]*ange ( ideas1 t !y c\ld n co-op]ate & agree toge!r 9 any common action 9 comm]ce1 economics1 or education )\t ! /ate z a c5t]1 ?is want ( common action exi/s no long]4 ,! great ext5sion ( means ( communication & int]*ange ( ideas has made m5 completely able to disp5se ) /ate aid 9 =m+ societies1 associations1 corporations1 & congresses = sci5tific1 economic1 & political objects4 ,inde$ gov]nm5t is m (t5 an ob/acle ?an an assi/ance 9 atta9+ ^! aims4 ,f ! end ( la/ c5tury !re has h>dly be5 a s+le progressive movem5t ( humanity :i* has n be5 ret>d$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,s x has be5 ) abolition ( corporal puni%m5t1 ( trial by torture1 & ( slav]y1 z well z ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! lib]ty ( ! press & ! "r ( public meet+4 ,9 our day gov]nm5ts n only fail to enc\rage1 b directly h9d] e movem5t by :i* p try to "w out new =ms ( life = !mselves4 ,e attempt at ! solution ( ! problems ( labor1 l&1 politics1 & religion meets ) direct opposition on ! "p ( gov]nm5t4 ,)\t gov]nm5ts nations w\ld be enslav$ by _! neighbors4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to refute ?is la/ argum5t4 ,x c>ries its refutation on ! face ( x4 ,! gov]nm5t1 !y tell u1 ) its army1 is necess>y to def5d u f neighbor+ /ates :o might enslave u4 ,b we "k ?is is :at all gov]nm5ts say ( "o ano!r1 & yet we "k t all ! ,european nations pr(ess ! same pr9ciples ( lib]ty & frat]nity1 & !re=e /& 9 no ne$ ( protection aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,& if def5se aga9/ b>b>\s nations is meant1 "o-?\s&? "p ( ! troops n[ "u arms w\ld be amply suffici5t = t purpose4 ,we see t x is really ! v opposite ( :at we h be5 told4 ,! p[] ( ! /ate1 f> f be+ a security aga9/ ! attacks ( our neighbors1 exposes u1 on ! contr>y1 to mu* great] dang] ( su* attacks4 ,s t e man :o is l$1 ?r\gh 8 compulsory s]vice 9 ! army1 to reflect on ! value ( ! /ate = ^: sake he is expect$ to be ready to sacrifice 8 peace1 security1 & life1 _c fail to p]ceive t !re is no k9d ( ju/ification 9 mod]n times = su* a sacrifice4 ,& x is n only f ! !oretical /&po9t t e man mu/ see t ! sacrifices dem&$ by ! /ate h no ju/ification4 ,ev5 look+ at x practically1 weigh+1 t is to say1 all ! burd5s laid on him by ! /ate1 no man c fail to see t = him p]sonally to comply ) /ate dem&s & s]ve 9 ! army1 w\ld1 9 ! majority ( cases1 be m disadvantage\s ?an to refuse to d s4 ,if ! majority ( m5 *oose to submit r ?an to refuse1 x is n ! result ( sob] balanc+ ( advantages & disadvantages1 b because !y are induc$ by a k9d ( hypnotiz+ process practic$ ^u !m4 ,9 submitt+ !y simply yield to ! sugge/ions giv5 !m z ord]s1 )\t ?\ght or ef=t ( w4 ,to resi/ w\ld ne$ indep5d5t ?\ght & ef=t ( :i* e man is n capable4 ,ev5 ap>t f ! moral significance ( compliance or non-compliance1 consid]+ mat]ial advantage only1 non-compliance w be m advantage\s 9 g5]al4 ,:oev] ,i may be1 :e!r ,i belong to ! well-to-d class ( ! oppressors1 or ! work+ class ( ! oppress$1 9 ei!r case ! disadvantages ( non-compliance are less & its advantages great] ?an ^? ( compliance4 ,if ,i belong to ! m9ority ( oppressors ! disadvantages ( non-compliance w consi/ 9 my be+ br\ght to judgm5t = refus+ to p]=m my duties to ! /ate1 & if ,i am lucky1 be+ acquitt$ or1 z is done 9 ! case ( ! ,m5nonites 9 ,russia1 be+ set to "w out my milit>y s]vice at "s civil occupation = ! /ate2 :ile if ,i am unlucky1 ,i may be condemn$ to exile or imprisonm5t = two or ?ree ye>s 7,i judge by ! cases t h occurr$ 9 ,russia71 possibly to ev5 long] imprisonm5t1 or possibly to dea?1 ?\gh ! probability ( t latt] is v remote4 ,s mu* = ! disadvantages ( non-compliance4 ,! disadvantages ( compliance w be z foll[s3 if ,i am lucky ,i %all n be s5t to murd] my fell[-creatures1 & %all n be expos$ to great dang] ( be+ maim$ & kill$1 b %all only be enroll$ into milit>y slav]y4 ,i %all be dress$ up l a cl[n1 ,i %all be at ! beck & call ( e man ( a high] grade ?an my own f corporal to field-m>%al1 %all be put ?r\gh any bodily contortions at _! pleasure1 & aft] be+ kept f "o to five ye>s ,i %all h = t5 ye>s aft]w>d to be 9 read9ess to und]take all ( x aga9 at any m9ute4 ,if ,i am unlucky ,i may1 9 addition1 be s5t to w>1 :]e ,i %all be =c$ to kill m5 ( =eign nations :o h done me no h>m1 :]e ,i may be maim$ or kill$1 or s5t to c]ta9 de/ruction z 9 ! case ( ! g>rison ( ,seva/opol1 & o!r cases 9 e w>1 or :at w\ld be mo/ t]rible ( all1 ,i may be s5t aga9/ my own compatriots & h to kill my own bro!rs = "s dyna/ic or o!r /ate int]e/s :i* h absolutely no?+ to d ) me4 ,s mu* = ! comp>ative disadvantages4 ,! comp>ative advantages ( compliance & non-compliance are z foll[s3 ,= ! man :o submits1 ! advantages w be t1 aft] expos+ himself to all ! humiliation & p]=m+ all ! b>b>ities requir$ ( him1 he may1 if he escapes be+ kill$1 get a decoration ( r$ or gold t9sel to /ick on 8 cl[n's dress2 he may1 if he is v lucky1 be put 9 comm& ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( o!rs z brutaliz$ z himself2 be call$ a field-m>%al1 & get a lot ( money4 ,! advantages ( ! man :o refuses to obey w consi/ 9 pres]v+ 8 dignity z a man1 ga9+ ! approbation ( good m51 & above all kn[+ t he is do+ ! "w ( ,god1 & s und\bt$ly do+ good to 8 fell[-m54 ,s mu* = ! advantages & disadvantages ( bo? l9es ( conduct = a man ( ! weal?y classes1 an oppressor4 ,= a man ( ! poor work+ class ! advantages & disadvantages w be ! same1 b ) a great increase ( disadvantages4 ,! disadvantages = ! poor man :o submits w be aggravat$ by ! fact t he w by tak+ "p 9 x1 &1 z x 71 ass5t+ to x /r5g!n ! /ate ( subjection 9 :i* he is held himself4 ,b no consid]ations z to h[ f> ! /ate is useful or b5eficial to ! m5 :o help to support x by s]v+ 9 ! army1 nor ( ! advantages or disadvantages = ! individual ( compliance or non-compliance ) /ate dem&s1 w decide ! "q ( ! cont9u$ exi/5ce or ! abolition ( gov]nm5t4 ,?is "q w be f9ally decid$ beyond appeal by ! religi\s consci\sness or consci5ce ( e man :o is =c$1 :e!r he w or no1 ?r\gh univ]sal conscription1 to face ! "q :e!r ! /ate is to cont9ue to exi/ or n4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,non-,,resi/ance ,,to ,,evil ,,by ,,=ce ,,mu/ ,,inevitably ,,be ,,accept$ ,,by ,,m5 ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day4 ,*ri/ianity is ,n a ,sy/em ( ,rules1 b a ,new ,conception ( ,life1 & !re=e x 0 ,n ,obligatory & 0 ,n ,accept$ 9 its ,true ,significance by ,all1 b only by a ,few--,*ri/ianity is1 ,moreov]1 ,prophetic ( ! ,de/ruction ( ! ,pagan ,life1 & !re=e ( ,necessity ( ! ,acceptance ( ! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9es--,non-resi/ance ( ,evil by ,=ce is ,"o ,aspect ( ! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 :i* mu/ ,inevitably 9 ,our ,times be ,accept$ by ,m5--,two ,me?ods ( ,decid+ ,e ,qu>rel--,fir/ ,me?od is to ,f9d a ,univ]sal ,def9ition ( ,evil1 :i* ,all ,mu/ ,accept1 & to ,resi/ ?is ,evil by ,=ce--,second ,me?od is ! ,*ri/ian ,"o ( ,complete ,non-resi/ance by ,=ce--,?\gh ! ,failure ( ! ,fir/ ,me?od 0 ,recogniz$ s9ce ! ,e>ly ,days ( ,*ri/ianity1 x 0 ,/ill ,propos$1 & only z ,mank9d has ,progress$ x has ,become ,m & ,m ,evid5t t !re ,_c be any ,univ]sal ,def9ition ( ,evil--,?is is ,recogniz$ by ,all at ! ,pres5t ,day1 & if ,=ce is ,/ill ,us$ to ,resi/ ,evil1 x is ,n ,because x is ,n[ ,reg>d$ z ,"r1 b ,because ,p ,don't ,"k ,h[ to ,avoid ,x--,! ,difficulty ( ,avoid+ ,x is ! ,result ( ! ,subtle & ,complex ,"* ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,use ( ,=ce--,=ce is ,us$ 9 ,f\r ,ways3 ,intimidation1 ,brib]y1 ,hypnotism1 & ,co]cion by ,=ce ( ,arms--,/ate ,viol5ce ,c ,nev] be ,suppress$ by ! ,=cible ,ov]?r[ ( ! ,gov]nm5t--,m5 are ,l$ by ! ,suff]+s ( ! ,pagan ,mode ( ,life to ! ,necessity ( ,accept+ ,*ri/'s ,tea*+ ) its ,doctr9e ( ,non-resi/ance by ,=ce--,! ,consci\sness ( its ,tru? :i* is ,diffus$ ,?r\gh\t ,our ,society1 ,w also ,br+ ,ab\t its ,acceptance--,?is ,consci\sness is 9 ,complete ,contradiction ) ,our ,life--,?is is ,specially ,obvi\s 9 ,compulsory ,milit>y ,s]vice1 b ,?r\gh ,habit & ! ,application ( ! ,f\r ,me?ods ( ,viol5ce by ! ,/ate1 ,m5 d n ,see ?is ,inconsi/5cy ( ,*ri/ianity ) ,life ( a ,soldi]--,!y d ,n ev5 ,see ,x1 ?\gh ! ,au?orities ,!mselves ,%[ all ! ,immorality ( a ,soldi]'s ,duties ) ,p]fect ,cle>ness--,! ,call to ,milit>y ,s]vice is ! ,supreme ,te/ = ,e ,man1 :5 ! ,*oice is ,(f]$ ,him1 betwe5 ,adopt+ ! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,non-resi/ance1 or ,slavi%ly ,submitt+ to ! ,exi/+ ,/ate ,organization--,m5 ,usually ,r5\nce ,all ,!y ,hold ,sacr$1 & ,submit to ! ,dem&s ( ,gov]nm5t1 ,seem+ to ,see ,no ,o!r ,c\rse ,op5 to ,!m--,= ,m5 ( ! ,pagan ,conception ( ,life !re is ,no ,o!r ,c\rse ,op51 & ,nev] ,w ,be1 9 ,spite ( ! ,gr[+ ,horrors ( ,w>--,society1 ,made ,up ( ,su* ,m51 ,mu/ ,p]i%1 & ,no ,social ,reorganization ,c ,save ,x--,pagan ,life ,has ,rea*$ ,its ,extreme ,limit1 & ,w ,annihilate ,itself4 ,x is (t5 said t if ,*ri/ianity is a tru?1 x ought to h be5 accept$ by ev]yone directly x appe>$1 & ought to h trans=m$ m5's lives = ! bett]4 ,b ?is is l say+ t if ! se$ 7 ripe x ought at once to br+ =? /alk1 fl[]1 & fruit4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion is n a legal sy/em :i*1 be+ impos$ by viol5ce1 may trans=m m5's lives4 ,*ri/ianity is a new & high] conception ( life4 ,a new conception ( life _c be impos$ on m52 x c only be freely assimilat$4 ,& x c only be freely assimilat$ 9 two ways3 "o spiritual & int]nal1 ! o!r exp]im5tal & ext]nal4 ,"s p--a m9ority--by a k9d ( prophetic in/9ct div9e ! tru? ( ! doctr9e1 surr5d] !mselves to x & adopt x4 ,o!rs--! majority--only ?r\gh a long c\rse ( mi/akes1 exp]im5ts1 & suff]+ are br\ght to recognize ! tru? ( ! doctr9e & ! necessity ( adopt+ x4 ,& by ?is exp]im5tal ext]nal me?od ! majority ( ,*ri/ian m5 h n[ be5 br\ght to ?is necessity ( assimilat+ ! doctr9e4 ,"o sometimes wond]s :at necessitat$ ! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity :i* is n[ ! greate/ ob/acle to its acceptance 9 its true significance4 ,if ,*ri/ianity _h be5 pres5t$ to m5 9 its true1 uncorrupt$ =m1 x w\ld n h be5 accept$ by ! majority1 :o w\ld h be5 z unt\*$ by x z ! nations ( ,asia are n[4 ,! peoples :o accept$ x 9 its corrupt =m 7 subject$ to its sl[ b c]ta9 influ5ce1 & by a long c\rse ( errors & exp]im5ts & _! resultant suff]+s h n[ be5 br\ght to ! necessity ( assimulat+ x 9 its true significance4 ,! corruption ( ,*ri/ianity & its acceptance 9 its corrupt =m by ! majority ( m5 0 z necess>y z x is t ! se$ %\ld rema9 hidd5 = a c]ta9 "t 9 ! e>? 9 ord] to g]m9ate4 ,*ri/ianity is at once a doctr9e ( tru? & a prophecy4 ,eighte5 c5turies ago ,*ri/ianity reveal$ to m5 ! tru? 9 :i* !y ought to live1 & at ! same "t =etold :at human life w\ld become if m5 w\ld n live by x b cont9u$ to live by _! previ\s pr9ciples1 & :at x w\ld become if !y accept$ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e & c>ri$ x out 9 _! lives4 ,lay+ d[n 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt ! pr9ciples by :i* to guide m5's lives1 ,*ri/ said3 ,:osoev] he>e? ^! say+s ( m9e1 & doe? !m1 ,i w lik5 him unto a wise man1 :o built 8 h\se ^u a rock2 & ! ra9 desc5d$1 & ! floods came1 & ! w9ds blew1 & beat ^u t h\se2 & x fell n1 = x 0 f\nd$ ^u a rock4 ,& ev]yone t he>e? ^! say+s1 & doe? !m n1 %all be lik5$ unto a fooli% man1 :o built 8 h\se ^u ! s&2 & ! ra9 desc5d$1 & ! floods came1 & ! w9ds blew1 & beat ^u t h\se2 & x fell3 & great 0 ! fall ( x 7,matt4 vii4 #bd-bg74 ,& n[ aft] eighte5 c5turies ! prophecy has be5 fulfill$4 ,n hav+ foll[$ ,*ri/'s tea*+ g5]ally & its application to social life 9 non-resi/ance to evil1 m5 h be5 br\ght 9 spite ( !mselves to ! inevitable de/ruction =etold by ,*ri/ = ^? :o d n fulfill 8 tea*+4 ,p (t5 ?9k ! "q ( non-resi/ance to evil by =ce is a !oretical "o1 :i* c be neglect$4 ,yet ?is "q is pres5t$ by life itself to all m51 & calls = "s answ] f e ?9k+ man4 ,ev] s9ce ,*ri/ianity has be5 outw>dly pr(ess$1 ?is "q is = m5 9 _! social life l ! "q :i* pres5ts itself to a travel] :5 ! road on :i* he has be5 j\rney+ divides into two bran*es4 ,he mu/ g on & he _c say3 ,i w n ?9k ab\t x1 b w g on j z ,i did be=e4 ,!re 0 "o road1 n[ !re are two1 & he mu/ make 8 *oice4 ,9 ! same way s9ce ,*ri/'s tea*+ has be5 kn[n by m5 !y _c say3 ,i w live z be=e & w n decide ! "q ( resi/ance or non-resi/ance to evil by =ce4 ,at e new /ruggle t arises "o mu/ inevitably decide2 am ,i1 or am ,i n1 to resi/ by =ce :at ,i reg>d z evil4 ,! "q ( resi/ance or non-resi/ance to evil arose :5 ! fir/ conflict betwe5 m5 took place1 s9ce e conflict is no?+ else ?an resi/ance by =ce to :at ea* ( ! combatants reg>ds z evil4 ,b be=e ,*ri/1 m5 did n see t resi/ance by =ce to :at ea* reg>ds z evil1 simply because "o ?9ks evil :at ! o!r ?9ks good1 is only "o ( ! me?ods ( settl+ ! dispute1 & t !re is ano!r me?od1 t ( n resi/+ evil by =ce at all4 ,be=e ,*ri/'s tea*+1 x seem$ to m5 t ! "o only means ( settl+ a dispute 0 by resi/ance to evil by =ce4 ,& !y act$ accord+ly1 ea* ( ! combatants try+ to conv9ce himself & o!rs t :at ea* respectively reg>ds z evil1 is actually1 absolutely evil4 ,& to d ?is f ! e>lie/ "t m5 h devis$ def9itions ( evil & tri$ to make !m b9d+ on ev]yone4 ,& su* def9itions ( evil sometimes took ! =m ( laws1 suppos$ to h be5 receiv$ by sup]natural means1 sometimes ( ! comm&s ( rul]s or assemblies to :om infallibility 0 attribut$4 ,m5 resort$ to viol5ce aga9/ o!rs1 & conv9c$ !mselves & o!rs t !y 7 direct+ _! viol5ce aga9/ evil recogniz$ z su* by all4 ,?is means 0 employ$ f ! e>lie/ times1 especially by ^? :o _h ga9$ possession ( au?ority1 & = a long :ile its irrationality 0 n detect$4 ,b ! long] m5 liv$ 9 ! _w & ! m complex _! relations became1 ! m evid5t x 0 t to resi/ by =ce :at ea* reg>d$ z evil 0 irrational1 t conflict 0 9 no way less5$ !reby1 & t no human def9itions c succe$ 9 mak+ :at "s reg>d z evil be accept$ z su* by o!rs4 ,already at ! "t ,*ri/ianity arose1 x 0 evid5t to a great numb] ( p 9 ! ,roman ,empire :]e x arose1 t :at 0 reg>d$ z evil by ,n]o & ,caligula c\ld n be reg>d$ z evil by o!rs4 ,ev5 at t "t m5 _h begun to und]/& t human laws1 ?\gh giv5 out = div9e laws1 7 compil$ by m51 & _c be infallible1 :atev] ! ext]nal maje/y ) :i* !y are inve/$1 & t err+ m5 are n r5d]$ infallible by assembl+ toge!r & call+ !mselves a s5ate or any o!r "n4 ,ev5 at t "t ?is 0 felt & und]/ood by _m4 ,& x 0 !n t ,*ri/ prea*$ 8 doctr9e1 :i* consi/$ n only ( ! prohibition ( resi/ance to evil by =ce1 b gave a new conception ( life & a means ( putt+ an end to conflict betwe5 all m51 n by mak+ x ! duty ( "o section only ( mank9d to submit )\t conflict to :at is prescrib$ to !m by c]ta9 au?orities1 b by mak+ x ! duty ( all--& consequ5tly ( ^? 9 au?ority--n to resort to =ce aga9/ anyone 9 any circum/ances4 ,?is doctr9e 0 accept$ at ! "t by only a v small numb] ( disciples4 ,! majority ( m51 especially all :o 7 9 p[]1 ev5 aft] ! nom9al acceptance ( ,*ri/ianity1 cont9u$ to ma9ta9 = !mselves ! pr9ciple ( resi/ance by =ce to :at !y reg>d$ z evil4 ,s x 0 "u ! ,roman & ,byzant9e emp]ors1 & s x cont9u$ to be lat]4 ,! insuffici5cy ( ! pr9ciple ( ! au?oritative def9ition ( evil & resi/ance to x by =ce1 evid5t z x 0 9 ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 becomes /ill m obvi\s ?r\gh ! division ( ! ,roman ,empire into _m /ates ( equal au?ority1 ?r\gh _! ho/ilities & ! int]nal conflicts t broke out )9 !m4 ,b m5 7 n ready to accept ! solution giv5 by ,*ri/1 & ! old def9itions ( evil1 :i* ought to be resi/$1 cont9u$ to be laid d[n by means ( mak+ laws b9d+ on all & en=c$ by =cible means4 ,! au?ority :o decid$ :at ought to be reg>d$ z evil & resi/$ by =ce 0 at "o "t ! ,pope1 at ano!r an emp]or or k+1 an elective assembly or a :ole nation4 ,b bo? )9 & )\t ! /ate !re 7 always m5 to be f\nd :o did n accept z b9d+ on !mselves ! laws giv5 out z ! decrees ( a god1 or made by m5 inve/$ ) a sacr$ "*1 or ! in/itutions suppos$ to repres5t ! w ( ! nation2 & !re 7 m5 :o ?\ght good :at ! exi/+ au?orities reg>d$ z bad1 & :o /ruggl$ aga9/ ! au?orities ) ! same viol5ce z 0 employ$ aga9/ !m4 ,! m5 inve/$ ) religi\s au?ority reg>d$ z evil :at ! m5 & in/itutions inve/$ ) temporal au?ority reg>d$ z good & vice v]sa1 & ! /ruggle grew m & m int5se4 ,& ! long] m5 us$ viol5ce z ! means ( settl+ _! disputes1 ! m obvi\s x became t x 0 an unsuitable means1 s9ce !re c\ld be no ext]nal au?ority able to def9e evil recogniz$ by all4 ,?+s w5t on l ?is = eighte5 c5turies1 & at la/ rea*$ ! pres5t position 9 :i* x is absolutely obvi\s t !re is1 & c be1 no ext]nal def9ition ( evil b9d+ ^u all4 ,m5 h come to ! po9t ( ceas+ to believe 9 ! possibility or ev5 desirability ( f9d+ & e/abli%+ su* a g5]al def9ition4 ,x has come to m5 9 p[] ceas+ to attempt to prove t :at !y reg>d z evil is evil1 & simply decl>+ t !y reg>d z evil :at !y don't l1 :ile _! subjects no long] obey !m because !y accept ! def9ition ( evil laid d[n by !m1 b simply obey because !y _c help !mselves4 ,x 0 n because x 0 a good ?+1 necess>y & b5eficial to m51 & ! contr>y c\rse w\ld h be5 an evil1 b simply because x 0 ! w ( ^? 9 p[] t ,nice 0 incorporat$ into ,france1 & ,lorra9e into ,g]many1 & ,bohemia into ,au/ria1 & t ,pol& 0 divid$1 & ,irel& & ,india rul$ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t1 & t ! ,*9ese are attack$ & ! ,africans slaught]$1 & ! ,*9ese prev5t$ f immigrat+ by ! ,am]icans1 & ! ,jews p]secut$ by ! ,russians1 & t l&[n]s appropriate l&s !y d n cultivate & capitali/s enjoy ! fruits ( ! labor ( o!rs4 ,x has come to ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s2 "o set ( m5 commit acts ( viol5ce no long] on ! pretext ( resi/ance to evil1 b simply = _! pr(it or _! caprice1 & ano!r set submit to viol5ce1 n because !y suppose1 z 0 suppos$ 9 =m] times1 t ?is viol5ce 0 practis$ ^u !m = ! sake ( secur+ !m f evil1 b simply because !y _c avoid x4 ,if ! ,roman1 or ! man ( m$ival times1 or ! av]age ,russian ( fifty ye>s ago1 z ,i rememb] him1 0 conv9c$ )\t a %ade ( d\bt t ! viol5ce ( au?ority 0 indisp5sable to pres]ve him f evil2 t taxes1 dues1 s]fage1 prisons1 sc\rg+1 kn\ts1 executions1 ! army & w> 7 :at ought to be--we "k n[ t "o c seldom f9d a man :o believes t all ^! means ( viol5ce pres]ve anyone f any evil :atev]1 & inde$ does n cle>ly p]ceive t mo/ ( ^! acts ( viol5ce to :i* he is expos$1 & 9 :i* he has "s %>e1 are 9 !mselves a great & useless evil4 ,!re is no "o to-day :o does n see ! uselessness & inju/ice ( collect+ taxes f ! toil+ masses to enri* idle (ficials2 or ! s5selessness ( inflict+ puni%m5ts on weak or deprav$ p]sons 9 ! %ape ( transportation f "o place to ano!r1 or ( imprisonm5t 9 a =tress :]e1 liv+ 9 security & indol5ce1 !y only become weak] & m deprav$2 or ! worse ?an uselessness & inju/ice1 ! positive insanity & b>b>ity ( prep>ations = w> & ( w>s1 caus+ deva/ation & ru91 & hav+ no k9d ( ju/ification4 ,yet ^! =ms ( viol5ce cont9ue & are support$ by ! v p :o see _! uselessness1 inju/ice1 & cruelty1 & suff] f !m4 ,if fifty ye>s ago ! idle ri* man & ! illit]ate labor] 7 bo? alike conv9c$ t _! /ate ( ev]la/+ holiday = "o & ev]la/+ toil = ! o!r 0 orda9$ by ,god himself1 we "k v well t n[adays1 ?anks to ! gr[? ( population & ! diffusion ( books & education1 x w\ld be h>d to f9d 9 ,europe or ev5 9 ,russia1 ei!r among ri* or poor1 a man to :om 9 "o %ape or ano!r a d\bt z to ! ju/ice ( ?is /ate ( ?+s _h nev] pres5t$ itself4 ,! ri* "k t !y are guilty 9 ! v fact ( be+ ri*1 & try to expiate _! guilt by sacrifices to art & sci5ce1 z ( old !y expiat$ _! s9s by sacrifices to ! ,*ur*4 ,& ev5 ! l>g] half ( ! work+ p op5ly decl>e t ! exi/+ ord] is iniquit\s & b\nd to be de/roy$ or re=m$4 ,"o set ( religi\s p ( :om !re are millions 9 ,russia1 ! s-call$ sect>ies1 consid] ! exi/+ social ord] z unju/ & to be de/roy$ on ! gr\nd ( ! ,gospel tea*+ tak5 9 its true s5se4 ,o!rs reg>d x z unju/ on ! gr\nd ( ! sociali/ic1 communi/ic1 or an>*i/ic !ories1 :i* are spr++ up 9 ! l[] /rata ( ! work+ p4 ,viol5ce no long] re/s on ! belief 9 its utility1 b only on ! fact ( its hav+ exi/$ s long1 & be+ organiz$ by ! rul+ classes :o pr(it by x1 s t ^? :o are "u _! au?ority _c extricate !mselves f x4 ,! gov]nm5ts ( our day--all ( !m1 ! mo/ despotic & ! lib]al alike--h become :at ,h]z5 s well call$ ,gh5ghis ,khan ) ! telegraph2 t is to say1 organizations ( viol5ce bas$ on no pr9ciple b ! grosse/ tyranny1 & at ! same "t tak+ advantage ( all ! means inv5t$ by sci5ce = ! peaceful collective social activity ( free & equal m51 us$ by !m to enslave & oppress _! fell[s4 ,gov]nm5ts & ! rul+ classes no long] take _! /& on "r or ev5 on ! semblance ( ju/ice1 b on a skillful organization c>ri$ to su* a po9t ( p]fection by ! aid ( sci5ce t ev]yone is caught 9 ! circle ( viol5ce & has no *ance ( escap+ f x4 ,?is circle is made up n[ ( f\r me?ods ( work+ ^u m51 jo9$ toge!r l ! l9ks ( a *a9 r+4 ,! fir/ & olde/ me?od is intimidation4 ,?is consi/s 9 repres5t+ ! exi/+ /ate organization--:atev] x may be1 free republic or ! mo/ savage despotism--z some?+ sacr$ & immutable1 & !re=e foll[+ any ef=ts to alt] x ) ! cruelle/ puni%m5ts4 ,?is me?od is 9 use n[--z x has be5 f old5 times--:]ev] !re is a gov]nm5t3 9 ,russia aga9/ ! s-call$ ,nihili/s1 9 ,am]ica aga9/ ,an>*i/s1 9 ,france aga9/ ,imp]iali/s1 ,legitimi/s1 ,commun>ds1 & ,an>*i/s4 ,railways1 telegraphs1 telephones1 photographs1 & ! great p]fection ( ! means ( gett+ rid ( m5 = ye>s1 )\t kill+ !m1 by solit>y conf9em5t1 :]e1 hidd5 f ! _w1 !y p]i% & are =gott51 & ! _m o!r mod]n inv5tions employ$ by gov]nm5t1 give su* p[] t :5 once au?ority has come into c]ta9 h&s1 ! police1 op5 & secret1 ! adm9i/ration & prosecutors1 jail]s & execution]s ( all k9ds1 d _! "w s zeal\sly t !re is no *ance ( ov]turn+ ! gov]nm5t1 h[ev] cruel & s5seless x may be4 ,! second me?od is corruption4 ,x consi/s 9 plund]+ ! indu/ri\s work+ p ( _! weal? by means ( taxes & di/ribut+ x 9 satisfy+ ! gre$ ( (ficials1 :o are b\nd 9 return to support & keep up ! oppression ( ! p4 ,^! b\ght (ficials1 f ! highe/ m9i/]s to ! poore/ copy+ cl]ks1 make up an unbrok5 network ( m5 b\nd toge!r by ! same int]e/--t ( liv+ at ! exp5se ( ! p4 ,!y become ! ri*] ! m submissively !y c>ry out ! w ( ! gov]nm5t2 & at all times & places1 /ick+ at no?+1 9 all dep>tm5ts support by ^w & de$ ! viol5ce ( gov]nm5t1 on :i* _! own prosp]ity also re/s4 ,! ?ird me?od is :at ,i c only describe z hypnotiz+ ! p4 ,?is consi/s 9 *eck+ ! moral developm5t ( m51 & by v>i\s sugge/ions keep+ !m back 9 ! ideal ( life1 outgr[n by mank9d at l>ge1 on :i* ! p[] ( gov]nm5t re/s4 ,?is hypnotiz+ process is organiz$ at ! pres5t 9 ! mo/ complex mann]1 & />t+ f _! e>lie/ *ildhood1 cont9ues to act on m5 till ! day ( _! dea?4 ,x beg9s 9 _! e>lie/ ye>s 9 ! compulsory s*ools1 creat$ = ?is purpose1 9 :i* ! *ildr5 h in/ill$ into !m ! ideas ( life ( _! ance/ors1 :i* are 9 direct antagonism ) ! consci5ce ( ! mod]n _w4 ,9 c\ntries :]e !re is a /ate religion1 !y tea* ! *ildr5 ! s5seless blasphemies ( ! ,*ur* cate*isms1 toge!r ) ! duty ( ob$i5ce to _! sup]iors4 ,9 republican /ates !y tea* !m ! savage sup]/ition ( patriotism & ! same pret5d$ ob$i5ce to ! gov]n+ au?orities4 ,! process is kept up dur+ lat] ye>s by ! enc\ragem5t ( religi\s & patriotic sup]/itions4 ,! religi\s sup]/ition is enc\rag$ by e/abli%+1 ) money tak5 f ! p1 temples1 processions1 memorials1 & fe/ivals1 :i*1 aid$ by pa9t+1 ar*itecture1 music1 & inc5se1 intoxicate ! p1 & above all by ! support ( ! cl]gy1 ^: duty consi/s 9 brutaliz+ ! p & keep+ !m 9 a p]man5t /ate ( /upefaction by _! tea*+1 ! solemnity ( _! s]vices1 _! s]mons1 & _! int]f]5ce 9 private life--at bir?s1 dea?s1 & m>riages4 ,! patriotic sup]/ition is enc\rag$ by ! creation1 ) money tak5 f ! p1 ( national ftes1 spectacles1 monum5ts1 & fe/ivals to dispose m5 to atta* importance to _! own nation1 & to ! aggr&izem5t ( ! /ate & its rul]s1 & to feel antagonism & ev5 hatr$ = o!r nations4 ,) ^! objects "u despotic gov]nm5ts !re is direct prohibition aga9/ pr9t+ & dissem9at+ books to enlight5 ! p1 & ev]yone :o might r\se ! p f _! le?>gy is exil$ or imprison$4 ,moreov]1 "u e gov]nm5t )\t exception ev]y?+ is kept back t might emancipate & ev]y?+ enc\rag$ t t5ds to corrupt ! p1 su* z lit]>y works t5d+ to keep !m 9 ! b>b>ism ( religi\s & patriotic sup]/ition1 all k9ds ( s5sual amusem5ts1 spectacles1 circuses1 !at]s1 & ev5 ! physical means ( induc+ /upefaction1 z tobacco & alcohol1 :i* =m ! pr9cipal s\rce ( rev5ue ( /ates4 ,ev5 pro/itution is enc\rag$1 & n only recogniz$1 b ev5 organiz$ by ! gov]nm5t 9 ! majority ( /ates4 ,s mu* = ! ?ird me?od4 ,! f\r? me?od consi/s 9 select+ f all ! m5 :o h be5 /upefi$ & enslav$ by ! ?ree =m] me?ods a c]ta9 numb]1 expos+ !m to special & int5sifi$ means ( /upefaction & brutalization1 & s mak+ !m into a passive in/rum5t = c>ry+ out all ! cruelties & brutalities ne$$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,?is result is atta9$ by tak+ !m at ! y\?ful age :5 m5 h n _h "t to =m cle> & def9ite pr9ciples ( morals1 & remov+ !m f all natural & human conditions ( life1 home1 family & k9dr$1 & useful labor4 ,!y are %ut up toge!r 9 b>racks1 dress$ 9 special clo!s1 & work$ ^u by cries1 drums1 music1 & %9+ objects to g ?r\gh c]ta9 daily actions inv5t$ = ?is purpose1 & by ?is means are br\ght into an hypnotic condition 9 :i* !y cease to be m5 & become m]e s5seless ma*9es1 submissive to ! hypnotiz]4 ,^! physically vigor\s "y m5 79 ^! days ( univ]sal conscription1 all "y m571 hypnotiz$1 arm$ ) murd]\s weapons1 always ob$i5t to ! gov]n+ au?orities & ready = any act ( viol5ce at _! comm&1 con/itute ! f\r? & pr9cipal me?od ( enslav+ m54 ,by ?is me?od ! circle ( viol5ce is complet$4 ,intimidation1 corruption1 & hypnotiz+ br+ p into a condition 9 :i* !y are will+ to be soldi]s2 ! soldi]s give ! p[] ( puni%+ & plund]+ !m 7& pur*as+ (ficials ) ! spoils71 & hypnotiz+ !m & conv]t+ !m 9 "t into ^! same soldi]s aga94 ,! circle is complete1 & !re is no *ance ( break+ ?r\gh x by =ce4 ,"s p]sons ma9ta9 t fre$om f viol5ce1 or at lea/ a great dim9ution ( x1 may be ga9$ by ! oppress$ =cibly ov]turn+ ! oppressive gov]nm5t & replac+ x by a new "o "u :i* su* viol5ce & oppression w be unnecess>y1 b !y deceive !mselves & o!rs1 & _! ef=ts d n bett] ! position ( ! oppress$1 b only make x worse4 ,_! conduct only t5ds to increase ! despotism ( gov]nm5t4 ,_! ef=ts only af=d a plausible pretext = gov]nm5t to /r5g!n _! p[]4 ,ev5 if we admit t "u a comb9ation ( circum/ances specially unfavorable = ! gov]nm5t1 z 9 ,france 9 #ahgj1 any gov]nm5t might be =cibly ov]turn$ & ! p[] transf]r$ to o!r h&s1 ! new au?ority w\ld r>ely be less oppressive ?an ! old "o2 on ! contr>y1 always hav+ to def5d itself aga9/ its dispossess$ & exasp]at$ enemies1 x w\ld be m despotic & cruel1 z has always be5 ! rule 9 all revolutions4 ,:ile sociali/s & communi/s reg>d ! individuali/ic1 capitali/ic organization ( society z an evil1 & ! an>*i/s reg>d z an evil all gov]nm5t :atev]1 !re are royali/s1 cons]vatives1 & capitali/s :o consid] any sociali/ic or communi/ic organization or an>*y z an evil1 & all ^! p>ties h no means o!r ?an viol5ce to br+ m5 to agreem5t4 ,:i*ev] ( ^! p>ties 7 successful 9 br++ _! s*emes to pass1 mu/ resort to support its au?ority to all ! exi/+ me?ods ( viol5ce1 & ev5 inv5t new ones4 ,! oppress$ w\ld be ano!r set ( p1 & co]cion w\ld take "s new =m2 b ! viol5ce & oppression w\ld be un*ang$ or ev5 m cruel1 s9ce hatr$ w\ld be int5sifi$ by ! /ruggle1 & new =ms ( oppression w\ld h be5 devis$4 ,s x has always be5 aft] all revolutions & all attempts at revolution1 all conspiracies1 & all viol5t *anges ( gov]nm5t4 ,e conflict only /r5g!ns ! means ( oppression 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o happ5 at a giv5 mom5t to be 9 p[]4 ,! position ( our ,*ri/ian society1 & especially ! ideals mo/ curr5t 9 x1 prove ?is 9 a /rik+ly conv9c+ way4 ,!re rema9s n[ only "o sph]e ( human life n encroa*$ ^u by gov]nm5t au?ority--t is ! dome/ic1 economic sph]e1 ! sph]e ( private life & labor4 ,& ev5 ?is is n[--?anks to ! ef=ts ( communi/s & sociali/s--be+ gradually encroa*$ ^u by gov]nm5t1 s t labor & recreation1 dwell+s1 dress1 & food w gradually1 if ! hopes ( ! re=m]s are successful1 be prescrib$ & regulat$ by gov]nm5t4 ,! sl[ progress ( eighte5 c5turies has br\ght ! ,*ri/ian nations aga9 to ! necessity ( decid+ ! "q !y h evad$--! "q ( ! acceptance or non-acceptance ( ,*ri/'s tea*+1 & ! "q foll[+ ^u x 9 social life ( resi/ance or non-resi/ance to evil by =ce4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce1 t :]eas =m]ly m5 c\ld accept or refuse to accept ! solution giv5 by ,*ri/1 n[ t solution _c be avoid$1 s9ce x alone c save m5 f ! slav]y 9 :i* !y are caught l a net4 ,b x is n only ! mis]y ( ! position :i* makes ?is inevitable4 ,:ile ! pagan organization has be5 prov$ m & m false1 ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion has be5 gr[+ m & m evid5t4 ,n 9 va9 h ! be/ m5 ( ,*ri/ian humanity1 :o appreh5d$ ! tru? by spiritual intuition1 = eighte5 c5turies te/ifi$ to x 9 spite ( e m5ace1 e privation1 & e suff]+4 ,by _! m>tyrdom !y pass$ on ! tru? to ! masses1 & impress$ x on _! he>ts4 ,*ri/ianity has p5etrat$ into ! consci\sness ( humanity1 n only negatively by ! demon/ration ( ! impossibility ( cont9u+ 9 ! pagan life1 b also ?r\gh its simplification1 its increas$ cle>ness & fre$om f ! sup]/itions int]m+l$ ) x1 & its diffusion ?r\gh all classes ( ! population4 ,eighte5 c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity h n pass$ )\t an effect ev5 on ^? :o accept$ x only ext]nally4 ,^! eighte5 c5turies h br\ght m5 s f> t ev5 :ile !y cont9ue to live ! pagan life :i* is no long] consi/5t ) ! developm5t ( humanity1 !y n only see cle>ly all ! wret*$ness ( _! position1 b 9 ! dep?s ( _! s\ls !y believe 7!y c only live ?r\gh ?is belief7 t ! only salvation f ?is position is to be f\nd 9 fulfill+ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e 9 its true significance4 ,z to ! "t & mann] ( salvation1 op9ions are divid$ accord+ to ! intellectual developm5t & ! prejudices ( ea* society4 ,b e man ( ! mod]n _w recognizes t our salvation lies 9 fulfill+ ! law ( ,*ri/4 ,"s believ]s 9 ! sup]natural "* ( ,*ri/ianity hold t salvation w come :5 all m5 are br\ght to believe 9 ,*ri/1 ^: second com+ is at h&4 ,o!r believ]s 9 sup]natural ,*ri/ianity hold t salvation w come ?r\gh ! ,*ur*1 :i* w draw all m5 into its fold1 tra9 !m 9 ! ,*ri/ian virtues1 & trans=m _! life4 ,a ?ird section1 :o d n admit ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 hold t ! salvation ( mank9d w be br\ght ab\t by sl[ & gradual progress1 ?r\gh :i* ! pagan pr9ciples ( our exi/5ce w be replac$ by ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity--t is1 by ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4 ,a f\r? section1 :o believe 9 ! social revolution1 hold t salvation w come :5 ?r\gh a viol5t revolution m5 are =c$ into community ( prop]ty1 abolition ( gov]nm5t1 & collective in/ead ( individual indu/ry--t is to say1 ! realization ( "o side ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,9 "o way or ano!r all m5 ( our day 9 _! inn] consci\sness condemn ! exi/+ effete pagan ord]1 & admit1 (t5 unconsci\sly & :ile reg>d+ !mselves z ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity1 t our salvation is only to be f\nd 9 ! application ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 or p>ts ( x1 9 its true significance to our daily life4 ,*ri/ianity _c1 z its ,f\nd] said1 be realiz$ by ! majority ( m5 all at once2 x mu/ gr[ l a huge tree f a t9y se$4 ,& s x has gr[n1 & n[ has rea*$ its full developm5t1 n yet 9 actual life1 b 9 ! consci5ce ( m5 ( to-day4 ,n[ n only ! m9ority1 :o h always compreh5d$ ,*ri/ianity by spiritual intuition1 b all ! va/ majority :o seem s f> f x 9 _! social exi/5ce recognize its true significance4 ,look at individual m5 9 _! private life1 li/5 to _! /&>ds ( conduct 9 _! judgm5t ( "o ano!r2 he> n only _! public utt]ances1 b ! c\nsels giv5 by p>5ts & gu>dians to ! "y 9 _! *>ge2 & y w see t1 f> z _! social life bas$ on viol5ce may be f realiz+ ,*ri/ian tru?1 9 _! private life :at is consid]$ good by all )\t exception is no?+ b ! ,*ri/ian virtues2 :at is consid]$ z bad is no?+ b ! anti*ri/ian vices4 ,^? :o consecrate _! lives self-sacrific+ly to ! s]vice ( humanity are reg>d$ z ! be/ m54 ,! selfi%1 :o make use ( ! mis=tunes ( o!rs = _! own advantage1 are reg>d$ z ! wor/ ( m54 ,?\gh "s non-,*ri/ian ideals1 su* z /r5g?1 c\rage1 & weal?1 are /ill wor%ip$ by a few :o h n be5 p5etrat$ by ! ,*ri/ian _s1 ^! ideals are out ( date & are ab&on$1 if n by all1 at lea/ by all ^? reg>d$ z ! be/ p4 ,!re are no ideals1 o!r ?an ! ,*ri/ian ideals1 :i* are accept$ by all & reg>d$ z b9d+ on all4 ,! position ( our ,*ri/ian humanity1 if y look at x f ! outside ) all its cruelty & degradation ( m51 is t]rible inde$4 ,b if "o looks at x )91 9 its inn] consci\sness1 ! spectacle x pres5ts is absolutely diff]5t4 ,all ! evil ( our life seems to exi/ only because x has be5 s = s long2 ^? :o d ! evil h n _h "t yet to le>n h[ to act o!rwise1 ?\gh !y d n want to act z !y d4 ,all ! evil seems to exi/ ?r\gh "s cause indep5d5t ( ! consci5ce ( m54 ,/range & contradictory z x seems1 all m5 ( ! pres5t day hate ! v social ord] !y are !mselves support+4 ,i ?9k x is ,max ,mll] :o describes ! amazem5t ( an ,indian conv]t to ,*ri/ianity1 :o aft] absorb+ ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e came to ,europe & saw ! actual life ( ,*ri/ians4 ,he c\ld n recov] f 8 a/oni%m5t at ! complete contra/ betwe5 ! reality & :at he _h expect$ to f9d among ,*ri/ian nations4 ,if we feel no a/oni%m5t at ! contra/ betwe5 our convictions & our conduct1 t is because ! influ5ces1 t5d+ to obscure ! contra/1 produce an effect ^u u too4 ,we ne$ only look at our life f ! po9t ( view ( t ,indian1 :o und]/ood ,*ri/ianity 9 its true significance1 )\t any compromises or concessions1 we ne$ b look at ! savage brutalities ( :i* our life is full1 to be appall$ at ! contradictions 9 ! mid/ ( :i* we live (t5 )\t obs]v+ !m4 ,we ne$ only recall ! prep>ations = w>1 ! mitrailleuses1 ! silv]-gilt bullets1 ! torp$oes1 &--! ,r$ ,cross2 ! solit>y prison cells1 ! exp]im5ts ( execution by electricity--& ! c>e ( ! hygi5ic welf>e ( prison]s2 ! philan?ropy ( ! ri*1 & _! life1 :i* produces ! poor !y are b5efit+4 ,& ^! inconsi/5cies are n1 z x might seem1 because m5 pret5d to be ,*ri/ians :ile !y are really pagans1 b because ( some?+ lack+ 9 m51 or "s k9d ( =ce h9d]+ !m f be+ :at !y already feel !mselves to be 9 _! consci\sness1 & :at !y g5u9ely wi% to be4 ,m5 ( ! pres5t day d n m]ely pret5d to hate oppression1 inequality1 class di/9ction1 & e k9d ( cruelty to animals z well z human be+s4 ,!y g5u9ely dete/ all ?is1 b !y d n "k h[ to put a /op to x1 or p]haps _c decide to give up :at pres]ves x all1 & seems to !m necess>y4 ,inde$1 ask e man sep>ately :e!r he ?9ks x laudable & wor?y ( a man ( ?is age to hold a position f :i* he receives a sal>y disproportionate to 8 "w2 to take f ! p--(t5 9 pov]ty--taxes to be sp5t on con/ruct+ cannon1 torp$oes1 & o!r in/rum5ts ( but*]y1 s z to make w> on p ) :om we wi% to be at peace1 & :o feel ! same wi% 9 reg>d to u2 or to receive a sal>y = devot+ "o's :ole life to con/ruct+ ^! in/rum5ts ( but*]y1 or to prep>+ oneself & o!rs = ! "w ( murd]4 ,& ask him :e!r x is laudable & wor?y ( a man1 & suitable = a ,*ri/ian1 to employ himself1 = a sal>y1 9 seiz+ wret*$1 misguid$1 (t5 illit]ate & drunk51 creatures because !y appropriate ! prop]ty ( o!rs--on a mu* small] scale ?an we d--or because !y kill m5 9 a diff]5t fa%ion f t 9 :i* we und]take to d x--& %utt+ !m 9 prison = x1 ill treat+ !m & kill+ !m2 & :e!r x is laudable & wor?y ( a man & a ,*ri/ian to prea* = a sal>y to ! p n ,*ri/ianity1 b sup]/itions :i* "o kn[s to be /upid & p]nici\s2 & :e!r x is laudable & wor?y ( a man to rob 8 neighbor = 8 gratification ( :at he wants to satisfy 8 simple/ ne$s1 z ! great l&[n]s d2 or to =ce him to exhau/+ labor beyond 8 /r5g? to augm5t "o's weal?1 z d factory own]s & manufactur]s2 or to pr(it by ! pov]ty ( m5 to increase "o's ga9s1 z m]*ants d4 ,& ev]yone tak5 sep>ately1 especially if "o's rem>ks are direct$ at someone else1 n himself1 w answ]1 ,no6 ,& yet ! v man :o sees all ! bas5ess ( ^? actions1 ( 8 own free w1 unco]c$ by anyone1 (t5 ev5 = no pecuni>y pr(it1 b only f *ildi% vanity1 = a *9a cross1 a scrap ( ribbon1 a bit ( fr+e he is all[$ to we>1 w ent] milit>y s]vice1 become a magi/rate or ju/ice ( ! peace1 commission]1 ar*bi%op1 or beadle1 ?\gh 9 fulfill+ ^! (fices he mu/ commit acts ! bas5ess & %amefulness ( :i* he _c fail to recognize4 ,i "k t _m ( ^! m5 w confid5tly try to prove t !y h reasons = reg>d+ _! position z legitimate & q indisp5sable4 ,!y w say 9 _! def5se t au?ority is giv5 by ,god1 t ! functions ( ! /ate are indisp5sable = ! welf>e ( humanity1 t prop]ty is n oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity1 t ! ri* "y man 0 only comm&$ to sell all he _h & give to ! poor if he wi%$ to be p]fect1 t ! exi/+ di/ribution ( prop]ty & our comm]cial sy/em mu/ always rema9 z !y are1 & are to ! advantage ( all1 & s on4 ,b1 h[ev] mu* !y try to deceive !mselves & o!rs1 !y all "k t :at !y are do+ is oppos$ to all ! beliefs :i* !y pr(ess1 & 9 ! dep?s ( _! s\ls1 :5 !y are left alone ) _! consci5ce1 !y are a%am$ & mis]able at ! recollection ( x1 especially if ! bas5ess ( _! action has be5 po9t$ out to !m4 ,a man ( ! pres5t day1 :e!r he believes 9 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ or n1 _c fail to see t to assi/ 9 ! capacity ( tz>1 m9i/]1 gov]nor1 or commission] 9 tak+ f a poor family its la/ c[ = taxes to be sp5t on cannons1 or on ! pay & p5sions ( idle (ficials1 :o live 9 luxury & are worse ?an useless2 or 9 putt+ into prison "s man we h ourselves corrupt$1 & ?r[+ 8 family on ! /reets2 or 9 plund]+ & but*]+ 9 w>2 or 9 inculcat+ savage & idolatr\s sup]/itions 9 ! place ( ! law ( ,*ri/2 or 9 imp\nd+ ! c[ f\nd on "o's l&1 ?\gh x belongs to a man :o has no l&2 or to *eat ! workman 9 a factory1 by impos+ f9es = accid5tally spoil$ articles2 or mak+ a poor man pay d\ble ! value = any?+ simply because he is 9 ! dire/ pov]ty2--n a man ( ! pres5t day c fail to "k t all ^! actions are base & disgraceful1 & t !y ne$ n d !m4 ,!y all "k x4 ,!y "k t :at !y are do+ is wrong1 & w\ld n d x = any?+ 9 ! _w if !y _h ! p[] ( resi/+ ! =ces :i* %ut _! eyes to ! crim9ality ( _! actions & impel !m to commit !m4 ,9 no?+ is ! pit* ( inconsi/5cy mod]n life has atta9$ to s evid5t z 9 univ]sal conscription1 :i* is ! la/ res\rce & ! f9al expression ( viol5ce4 ,inde$1 x is only because ?is /ate ( univ]sal armam5t has be5 br\ght ab\t gradually & imp]ceptibly1 & because gov]nm5ts h ex]t$1 9 ma9ta9+ x1 e res\rce ( intimidation1 corruption1 brutalization1 & viol5ce1 t we d n see its flagrant inconsi/5cy ) ! ,*ri/ian ideas & s5tim5ts by :i* ! mod]n _w is p]meat$4 ,we are s accu/om$ to ! inconsi/5cy t we d n see all ! hide\s folly & immorality ( m5 volunt>ily *oos+ ! pr(ession ( but*]y z ?\gh x 7 an honorable c>e]1 ( poor wret*es submitt+ to conscription1 or 9 c\ntries :]e compulsory s]vice has n be5 introduc$1 ( p volunt>ily ab&on+ a life ( indu/ry to recruit soldi]s & tra9 !m z murd]]s4 ,we "k t all ( ^! m5 are ei!r ,*ri/ians1 or pr(ess humane & lib]al pr9ciples1 & !y "k t !y ?us become p>tly responsible--?r\gh univ]sal conscription1 p]sonally responsible--= ! mo/ insane1 aimless1 & brutal murd]s4 ,& yet !y all d x4 ,m ?an t1 9 ,g]many1 :]e compulsory s]vice fir/ orig9at$1 ,caprivi has giv5 expression to :at _h be5 hi!rto s assidu\sly conceal$--t is1 t ! m5 t ! soldi]s w h to kill are n =eign]s alone1 b _! own c\ntrym51 ! v work+ p f :om !y !mselves are tak54 ,& ?is admission has n op5$ p's eyes1 has n horrifi$ !m6 ,!y /ill g l %eep to ! slaught]1 & submit to ev]y?+ requir$ ( !m4 ,& t is n all3 ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many has lately %[n /ill m cle>ly ! duties ( ! army1 by ?ank+ & rew>d+ a soldi] = kill+ a def5seless citiz5 :o made 8 approa* incauti\sly4 ,by rew>d+ an action always reg>d$ z base & c[>dly ev5 by m5 on ! l[e/ level ( morality1 ,william has %[n t a soldi]'s *ief duty--! "o mo/ appreciat$ by ! au?orities--is t ( execution]2 & n a pr(essional execution] :o kills only condemn$ crim9als1 b "o ready to but*] any innoc5t man at ! ^w ( comm&4 ,& ev5 t is n all4 ,9 #ahib1 ! same ,william1 ! enfant t]rible ( /ate au?ority1 :o says pla9ly :at o!r p only ?9k1 9 address+ "s soldi]s gave public utt]ance to ! foll[+ spee*1 :i* 0 report$ next day 9 ?\s&s ( newspap]s3 ,conscripts6 he said1 y h sworn fidelity to me be=e ! alt> & ! m9i/] ( ,god6 ,y are /ill too "y to und]/& all ! importance ( :at has be5 said "h2 let y\r c>e be=e all ?+s be to obey ! ord]s & in/ructions giv5 y4 ,y h sworn fidelity to me1 lads ( my gu>d2 t means t y are n[ my soldi]s1 t y h giv5 y\rselves to me body & s\l4 ,= y !re is n[ b "o enemy1 my enemy4 ,9 ^! days ( sociali/ic s$ition x may come to pass t ,i comm& y to fire on y\r own k9dr$1 y\r bro!rs1 ev5 y\r own fa!rs & mo!rs--:i* ,god =bid6--ev5 !n y are b\nd to obey my ord]s )\t hesitation4 ,?is man expresses :at all s5sible rul]s ?9k1 b /udi\sly conceal4 ,he says op5ly t ! soldi]s are 9 8 s]vice1 at 8 disposal1 & mu/ be ready = 8 advantage to murd] ev5 _! bro!rs & fa!rs4 ,9 ! mo/ brutal words he frankly exposes all ! horrors & crim9ality = :i* m5 prep>e !mselves 9 ent]+ ! army1 & ! dep?s ( ignom9y to :i* !y fall 9 promis+ ob$i5ce4 ,l a bold hypnotiz]1 he te/s ! degree ( ins5sibility ( ! hypnotiz$ subject4 ,he t\*es 8 sk9 ) a r$-hot iron2 ! sk9 smokes & scor*es1 b ! sleep] does n awake4 ,?is mis]able man1 imbecile & drunk ) p[]1 outrages 9 ?is utt]ance ev]y?+ t c be sacr$ = a man ( ! mod]n _w4 ,& yet all ! ,*ri/ians1 lib]als1 & cultivat$ p1 f> f res5t+ ?is outrage1 did n ev5 obs]ve x4 ,! la/1 ! mo/ extreme te/ is put be=e m5 9 its co>se/ =m4 ,& !y d n seem ev5 to notice t x is a te/1 t !re is any *oice ab\t x4 ,!y seem to ?9k !re is no c\rse op5 b slavi% submission4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght ^! insane words1 :i* outrage ev]y?+ a man ( ! pres5t day holds sacr$1 mu/ r\se indignation4 ,b !re has be5 no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,all ! "y m5 ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,europe are expos$ ye> aft] ye> to ?is te/1 & ) v few exceptions !y r5\nce all t a man c hold sacr$1 all express _! read9ess to kill _! bro!rs1 ev5 _! fa!rs1 at ! bidd+ ( ! fir/ crazy creature dress$ up 9 a liv]y ) r$ & gold trimm+1 & only wait to be told :]e & :5 !y are to kill4 ,& !y actually are ready4 ,e savage has some?+ he holds sacr$1 some?+ = :i* he is ready to suff]1 some?+ he w n cons5t to d4 ,b :at is x t is sacr$ to ! civiliz$ man ( to-day8 ,!y say to him3 ,y mu/ become my slave1 & ?is slav]y may =ce y to kill ev5 y\r own fa!r2 & he1 (t5 v well educat$1 tra9$ 9 all ! sci5ces at ! univ]sity1 quietly puts 8 head "u ! yoke4 ,!y dress him up 9 a cl[n's co/ume1 & ord] him to cut cap]s1 turn & twi/ & b[1 & kill--he does x all submissively4 ,& :5 !y let him g1 he seems to %ake himself & g back to 8 =m] life1 & he cont9ues to disc\rse ^u ! dignity ( man1 lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity z be=e4 ,yes1 b :at is "o to d8 p (t5 ask 9 g5u9e p]plexity4 ,if ev]yone w\ld /& out x w\ld be some?+1 b by myself1 ,i %all only suff] )\t do+ any good to anyone4 ,& t is true4 ,a man ) ! social conception ( life _c resi/4 ,! aim ( 8 life is 8 p]sonal welf>e4 ,x is bett] = 8 p]sonal welf>e = him to submit1 & he submits4 ,:atev] !y d to him1 h[ev] !y torture or humiliate him1 he w submit1 =1 alone1 he c d no?+2 he has no pr9ciple = ! sake ( :i* he c\ld resi/ viol5ce alone4 ,& ^? :o control !m nev] all[ !m to unite toge!r4 ,x is (t5 said t ! inv5tion ( t]rible weapons ( de/ruction w put an end to w>4 ,t is an error4 ,z ! means ( ext]m9ation are improv$1 ! means ( r$uc+ m5 :o hold ! /ate conception ( life to submission c be improv$ to correspond4 ,!y may slaught] !m by ?\s&s1 by millions1 !y may te> !m to pieces1 /ill !y w m>* to w> l s5seless cattle4 ,"s w want beat+ to make !m move1 o!rs w be pr\d to g if !y are all[$ to we> a scrap ( ribbon or gold lace4 ,& ( ?is mass ( m5 s brutaliz$ z to be ready to promise to kill _! own p>5ts1 ! social re=m]s--cons]vatives1 lib]als1 sociali/s1 & an>*i/s--propose to =m a rational & moral society4 ,:at sort ( moral & rational society c be =m$ out ( su* elem5ts8 ,) w>p$ & rott5 planks y _c build a h\se1 h[ev] y put !m toge!r4 ,& to =m a rational moral society ( su* m5 is j z impossible a task4 ,!y c be =m$ into no?+ b a h]d ( cattle1 driv5 by ! %\ts & :ips ( ! h]dsm54 ,z inde$ !y are4 ,s1 !n1 we h on "o side m5 call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians1 & pr(ess+ ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity1 & along ) t ready1 9 ! "n ( lib]ty1 to submit to ! mo/ slavi% degradation2 9 ! "n ( equality1 to accept ! crude/1 mo/ s5seless division ( m5 by ext]nals m]ely into high] & l[] classes1 allies & enemies2 &1 9 ! "n ( frat]nity1 ready to murd] _! bro!rs4#ad #ad ,! fact t among c]ta9 nations1 z ! ,engli% & ! ,am]ican1 milit>y s]vice is n compulsory 7?\gh already "o he>s !re are "s :o advocate t x %\ld be made s7 does n affect ! s]vility ( ! citiz5s to ! gov]nm5t 9 pr9ciple4 ,"h we h ea* to g & kill or be kill$1 !re !y h ea* to give ! fruit ( _! toil to pay = ! recruit+ & tra9+ ( soldi]s4 ,! contradiction betwe5 life & consci5ce & ! mis]y result+ f x h rea*$ ! extreme limit & c g no fur!r4 ,! /ate organization ( life bas$ on viol5ce1 ! aim ( :i* 0 ! security ( p]sonal1 family1 & social welf>e1 has come to ! po9t ( r5\nc+ ! v objects = :i* x 0 f\nd$--x has r$uc$ m5 to absolute r5unciation & loss ( ! welf>e x 0 to secure4 ,! fir/ half ( ! prophecy has be5 fulfill$ 9 ! g5]ation ( m5 :o h n accept$ ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,_! desc5dants h be5 br\ght n[ to ! absolute necessity ( putt+ ! tru? ( ! second half to ! te/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,acceptance ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,conception ,,( ,,life ,,w ,,emancipate ,,m5 ,,f ,,! ,,mis]ies ,,( ,,our ,,pagan ,,life4 ,! ,ext]nal ,life ( ,*ri/ian ,peoples ,rema9s ,pagan ,?\gh !y are ,p5etrat$ by ,*ri/ian ,consci\sness--,! ,way ,out ( ?is ,contradiction is by ! ,acceptance ( ! ,*ri/ian ,!ory ( ,life--,only ,?r\gh ,*ri/ianity is ,e ,man ,free1 & ,emancipat$ ( ,all ,human ,au?ority--,?is ,emancipation c be ,effect$ by no ,*ange 9 ,ext]nal ,conditions ( ,life1 b ,only by a ,*ange 9 ! ,conception ( ,life--,! ,*ri/ian ,ideal ( ,life ,requires ,r5unciation ( all ,viol5ce1 & 9 ,emancipat+ ! ,man :o ,accepts x1 ,emancipates ! ,:ole ,_w f ,all ,ext]nal ,au?orities--,! ,way ,out ( ! ,pres5t ,app>5tly ,hopeless ,position is = ,e ,man :o is ,capable ( ,assimilat+ ! ,*ri/ian ,conception ( ,life1 to ,accept x & ,live 9 ,accordance ) x--,b ,m5 ,consid] ?is ,way too ,sl[1 & ,look = ,deliv]ance ,?r\gh ,*anges 9 ,mat]ial ,conditions ( ,life ,aid$ by ,gov]nm5t--,t ,w ,lead to ,no ,improvem5t1 z x is simply ,increas+ ! ,evil "u :i* ,m5 are ,suff]+--,a ,/rik+ ,in/ance ( ?is is ! ,submission to ,compulsory ,milit>y ,s]vice1 :i* x w\ld be ,m ,advantage\s = ,e ,man to ,refuse ?an to ,submit to--,! ,emancipation ( ,m5 ,c ,only be ,br\ght ,ab\t by ea* ,individual ,emancipat+ ,himself1 & ! ,examples ( ?is ,self-emancipation :i* are already ,appe>+ ,?reat5 ! ,de/ruction ( ,gov]nm5tal ,au?ority--,refusal to ,comply ) ! ,un*ri/ian ,dem&s ( ,gov]nm5t ,und]m9es ! ,au?ority ( ! ,/ate & ,emancipates ,m5--,& !re=e ,cases ( su* ,non-compliance are ,reg>d$ ) m ,dread by ,/ate ,au?orities ?an any ,conspiracies or ,acts ( ,viol5ce--,examples ( ,non-compliance 9 ,russia1 9 ,reg>d to ,oa? ( ,allegiance1 ,paym5t ( ,taxes1 ,passports1 ,police ,duties1 & ,milit>y ,s]vice--,examples ( su* ,non-compliance 9 o!r ,/ates--,gov]nm5ts d n ,"k h[ to ,treat ,m5 :o ,refuse to ,comply ) _! ,dem&s on ,*ri/ian ,gr\nds--,su* ,p1 )\t ,/rik+ a ,bl[1 ,und]m9e ! v ,basis ( ,gov]nm5t f ,)9--,to ,puni% !m is ,equival5t to ,op5ly ,r5\nc+ ,*ri/ianity1 & ,assi/+ 9 ,diffus+ ! ,v ,pr9ciple by :i* ^! ,m5 ,ju/ify _! ,non-compliance--,s ,gov]nm5ts are 9 a ,helpless ,position--,m5 :o ,ma9ta9 ! ,uselessness ( ,p]sonal ,indep5d5ce1 only ,ret>d ! ,dissolution ( ! ,pres5t ,/ate ,organization ,bas$ on ,=ce4 ,! position ( ! ,*ri/ian peoples 9 our days has rema9$ j z cruel z x 0 9 ! times ( paganism4 ,9 _m respects1 especially 9 ! oppression ( ! masses1 x has become ev5 m cruel ?an x 0 9 ! days ( paganism4 ,b betwe5 ! condition ( m5 9 anci5t times & _! condition 9 our days !re is j ! diff]5ce t we see 9 ! _w ( vegetation betwe5 ! la/ days ( autumn & ! fir/ days ( spr+4 ,9 ! autumn ! ext]nal lifelessness 9 nature corresponds ) its inw>d condition ( dea?1 :ile 9 ! spr+ ! ext]nal lifelessness is 9 %>p contra/ ) ! int]nal /ate ( reviv+ & pass+ into new =ms ( life4 ,9 ! same way ! simil>ity betwe5 ! anci5t hea!n life & ! life ( to-day is m]ely ext]nal3 ! inw>d condition ( m5 9 ! times ( hea!nism 0 absolutely diff]5t f _! inw>d condition at ! pres5t "t4 ,!n ! outw>d condition ( cruelty & ( slav]y 0 9 complete h>mony ) ! inn] consci5ce ( m51 & e /ep 9 advance int5sifi$ ?is h>mony2 n[ ! outw>d condition ( cruelty & ( slav]y is completely contradictory to ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness ( m51 & e /ep 9 advance only int5sifies ?is contradiction4 ,humanity is pass+ ?r\gh seem+ly unnecess>y1 fruitless agonies4 ,x is pass+ ?r\gh some?+ l ! ?roes ( bir?4 ,ev]y?+ is ready = ! new life1 b /ill ! new life does n come4 ,!re seems no way out ( ! position4 ,& !re w\ld be none1 except t a man 7& !reby all m57 is gift$ ) ! p[] ( =m+ a diff]5t1 high] !ory ( life1 :i* at once frees him f all ! bonds by :i* he seems indissolubly fett]$4 ,& su* a !ory is ! ,*ri/ian view ( life made kn[n to mank9d eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,a man ne$ only make ?is !ory ( life 8 own1 = ! fett]s :i* seem$ s indissolubly =g$ ^u him to drop (f ( !mselves1 & = him to feel himself absolutely free1 j z a bird w\ld feel itself free 9 a f5c$-9 place directly x took to its w+s4 ,p talk ab\t ! lib]ty ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ab\t giv+ or n giv+ fre$om to ,*ri/ians4 ,und]ly+ all ^! ideas & expressions !re is "s /range misconception4 ,fre$om _c be be/[$ on or tak5 f a ,*ri/ian or ,*ri/ians4 ,fre$om is an inali5able possession ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,if we talk ( be/[+ fre$om on ,*ri/ians or )hold+ x f !m1 we are obvi\sly talk+ n ( real ,*ri/ians b ( p :o only call !mselves ,*ri/ians4 ,a ,*ri/ian _c fail to be free1 because ! atta9m5t ( ! aim he sets be=e himself _c be prev5t$ or ev5 h9d]$ by anyone or any?+4 ,let a man only und]/& 8 life z ,*ri/ianity tea*es him to und]/& x1 let him und]/&1 t is1 t 8 life belongs n to him--n to 8 own individuality1 nor to 8 family1 nor to ! /ate--b to him :o has s5t him into ! _w1 & let him once und]/& t he mu/ !re=e fulfill n ! law ( 8 own individuality1 nor 8 family1 nor ( ! /ate1 b ! inf9ite law ( him f :om he has come2 & he w n only feel himself absolutely free f e human p[]1 b w ev5 cease to reg>d su* p[] z at all able to hamp] anyone4 ,let a man b realize t ! aim ( 8 life is ! fulfillm5t ( ,god's law1 & t law w replace all o!r laws = him1 & he w give x 8 sole allegiance1 s t by t v allegiance e human law w lose all b9d+ & controll+ p[] 9 8 eyes4 ,! ,*ri/ian is indep5d5t ( e human au?ority by ! fact t he reg>ds ! div9e law ( love1 implant$ 9 ! s\l ( e man1 & br\ght be=e 8 consci\sness by ,*ri/1 z ! sole guide ( 8 life & o!r m5's also4 ,! ,*ri/ian may be subject$ to ext]nal viol5ce1 he may be depriv$ ( bodily fre$om1 he may be 9 bondage to 8 passions 7he :o commits s9 is ! slave ( s971 b he _c be 9 bondage 9 ! s5se ( be+ =c$ by any dang] or by any ?reat ( ext]nal h>m to p]=m an act :i* is aga9/ 8 consci5ce4 ,he _c be compell$ to d ?is1 because ! deprivations & suff]+s :i* =m su* a p[]ful weapon aga9/ m5 ( ! /ate conception ( life1 h n ! lea/ p[] to compel him4 ,deprivations & suff]+s take f !m ! happ9ess = :i* !y live2 b f> f di/urb+ ! happ9ess ( ! ,*ri/ian1 :i* consi/s 9 ! consci\sness ( fulfill+ ! w ( ,god1 !y may ev5 int5sify x1 :5 !y are inflict$ on him = fulfill+ 8 w4 ,& !re=e ! ,*ri/ian1 :o is subject only to ! inn] div9e law1 n only _c c>ry out ! enactm5ts ( ! ext]nal law1 :5 !y are n 9 agreem5t ) ! div9e law ( love :i* he ackn[l$ges 7z is usually ! case ) /ate obligations71 he _c ev5 recognize ! duty ( ob$i5ce to anyone or any?+ :atev]1 he _c recognize ! duty ( :at is call$ allegiance4 ,= a ,*ri/ian ! oa? ( allegiance to any gov]nm5t :atev]--! v act :i* is reg>d$ z ! f\ndation ( ! exi/5ce ( a /ate--is a direct r5unciation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= ! man :o promises unconditional ob$i5ce 9 ! future to laws1 made or to be made1 by t v promise is 9 ! mo/ positive mann] r5\nc+ ,*ri/ianity1 :i* means obey+ 9 e circum/ance ( life only ! div9e law ( love he recognizes )9 him4 ,"u ! pagan conception ( life x 0 possible to c>ry out ! w ( ! temporal au?orities1 )\t infr++ ! law ( ,god express$ 9 circumcisions1 ,sabba?s1 fix$ times ( pray]1 ab/5tion f c]ta9 k9ds ( food1 & s on4 ,! "o law 0 n oppos$ to ! o!r4 ,b t is j ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian religion & hea!n religion4 ,*ri/ianity does n require ( a man c]ta9 def9ite negative acts1 b puts him 9 a new1 diff]5t relation to m51 f :i* may result ! mo/ div]se acts1 :i* _c be def9$ be=eh&4 ,& !re=e ! ,*ri/ian n only _c promise to obey ! w ( any o!r man1 )\t kn[+ :at w be requir$ by t w2 he n only _c obey ! *ang+ laws ( man1 b he _c ev5 promise to d any?+ def9ite at a c]ta9 "t1 or to ab/a9 f do+ any?+ = a c]ta9 "t4 ,= he _c "k :at at any "t w be requir$ ( him by t ,*ri/ian law ( love1 ob$i5ce to :i* con/itutes ! mean+ ( life = him4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 9 promis+ unconditional fulfillm5t ( ! laws ( m5 9 ! future1 w\ld %[ pla9ly by t promise t ! inn] law ( ,god does n con/itute = him ! sole law ( 8 life4 ,= a ,*ri/ian to promise ob$i5ce to m51 or ! laws ( m51 is j z ?\gh a workman b\nd to "o employ] %\ld also promise to c>ry out e ord] t might be giv5 him by outsid]s4 ,"o _c s]ve two ma/]s4 ,! ,*ri/ian is indep5d5t ( human au?ority1 because he ackn[l$ges ,god's au?ority alone4 ,8 law1 reveal$ by ,*ri/1 he recognizes 9 himself1 & volunt>ily obeys x4 ,& ?is indep5d5ce is ga9$1 n by means ( /rife1 n by ! de/ruction ( exi/+ =ms ( life1 b only by a *ange 9 ! int]pretation ( life4 ,?is indep5d5ce results fir/ f ! ,*ri/ian recogniz+ ! law ( love1 reveal$ to him by 8 tea*]1 z p]fectly suffici5t = all human relations1 & !re=e he reg>ds e use ( =ce z unnecess>y & unlawful2 & secondly1 f ! fact t ^? deprivations & suff]+s1 or ?reats ( deprivations & suff]+s 7:i* r$uce ! man ( ! social conception ( life to ! necessity ( obey+7 to ! ,*ri/ian f 8 diff]5t conception ( life1 pres5t !mselves m]ely z ! inevitable conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,& ^! conditions1 )\t /riv+ aga9/ !m by =ce1 he pati5tly endures1 l sickness1 hung]1 & e o!r h>d%ip1 b !y _c s]ve him z a guide = 8 actions4 ,! only guide = ! ,*ri/ian's actions is to be f\nd 9 ! div9e pr9ciple liv+ )9 him1 :i* _c be *eck$ or gov]n$ by any?+4 ,! ,*ri/ian acts accord+ to ! words ( ! prophecy appli$ to 8 tea*]3 ,he %all n /rive1 nor cry2 nei!r %all any man he> 8 voice 9 ! /reets4 ,a bruis$ re$ %all he n break1 & smok+ flax %all he n qu5*1 till he s5d =? judgm5t unto victory4 7,matt4 xii4 #ai1 #bj47 ,! ,*ri/ian w n dispute ) anyone1 nor attack anyone1 nor use viol5ce aga9/ anyone4 ,on ! contr>y1 he w be> viol5ce )\t oppos+ x4 ,b by ?is v attitude to viol5ce1 he w n only himself be free1 b w free ! :ole _w f all ext]nal p[]4 ,ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free4 ,if !re 7 any d\bt ( ,*ri/ianity be+ ! tru?1 ! p]fect lib]ty1 t no?+ c curtail1 :i* a man exp]i5ces directly he makes ! ,*ri/ian !ory ( life 8 own1 w\ld be an unmi/akable pro( ( its tru?4 ,m5 9 _! pres5t condition are l a sw>m ( bees hang+ 9 a clu/] to a bran*4 ,! position ( ! bees on ! bran* is tempor>y1 & mu/ inevitably be *ang$4 ,!y mu/ />t (f & f9d !mselves a habitation4 ,ea* ( ! bees kn[s ?is1 & desires to *ange h] own & ! o!rs' position1 b no "o ( !m c d x till ! re/ ( !m d x4 ,!y _c all />t (f at once1 because "o hangs on to ano!r & h9d]s h] f sep>at+ f ! sw>m1 & !re=e !y all cont9ue to hang !re4 ,x w\ld seem t ! bees c\ld nev] escape f _! position1 j z x seems t worldly m51 caught 9 ! toils ( ! /ate conception ( life1 c nev] escape4 ,& !re w\ld be no escape = ! bees1 if ea* ( !m 7 n a liv+1 sep>ate creature1 end[$ ) w+s ( its own4 ,simil>ly !re w\ld be no escape = m51 if ea* 7 n a liv+ be+ end[$ ) ! faculty ( ent]+ into ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life4 ,if e bee :o c\ld fly1 did n try to fly1 ! o!rs1 too1 w\ld nev] be /irr$1 & ! sw>m w\ld nev] *ange its position4 ,& if ! man :o has ma/]$ ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life w\ld n1 )\t wait+ = o!r p1 beg9 to live 9 accordance ) ?is conception1 mank9d w\ld nev] *ange its position4 ,b only let "o bee spread h] w+s1 />t (f1 & fly away1 & aft] h] ano!r1 & ano!r1 & ! cl++1 in]t clu/] w\ld become a freely fly+ sw>m ( bees4 ,j 9 ! same way1 only let "o man look at life z ,*ri/ianity tea*es him to look at x1 & aft] him let ano!r & ano!r d ! same1 & ! en*ant$ circle ( exi/5ce 9 ! /ate conception ( life1 f :i* !re seem$ no escape1 w be brok5 ?r\gh4 ,b m5 ?9k t to set all m5 free by ?is means is too sl[ a process1 t !y mu/ f9d "s o!r means by :i* !y c\ld set all m5 free at once4 ,x is j z ?\gh ! bees :o want to />t & fly away %\ld consid] x too long a process to wait = all ! sw>m to />t "o by "o2 & %\ld ?9k !y ought to f9d "s means by :i* x w\ld n be necess>y = e sep>ate bee to spread h] w+s & fly (f1 b by :i* ! :ole sw>m c\ld fly at once :]e x want$ to4 ,b t is n possible2 till a fir/1 a second1 a ?ird1 a hundr$? bee spreads h] w+s & flies (f ( h] own accord1 ! sw>m w n fly (f & w n beg9 its new life4 ,till e individual man makes ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life 8 own1 & beg9s to live 9 accord ) x1 !re c be no solution ( ! problem ( human life1 & no e/abli%m5t ( a new =m ( life4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5a ( our times is precisely ?is advocacy ( slav]y1 :i* is promulgat$ among ! masses1 n by gov]nm5ts1 9 :om x is inevitable1 b by m5 :o1 9 advocat+ sociali/ic !ories1 reg>d !mselves z ! *ampions ( fre$om4 ,^! p advance ! op9ion t ! amelioration ( life1 ! br++ ( ! facts ( life into h>mony ) ! consci5ce1 w come1 n z ! result ( ! p]sonal ef=ts ( individual m51 b ( itself z ! result ( a c]ta9 possible recon/ruction ( society effect$ 9 "s way or o!r4 ,! idea is promulgat$ t m5 ought n to walk on _! own legs :]e !y want & ought to g1 b t a k9d ( floor "u _! feet w be mov$ someh[1 s t on x !y c rea* :]e !y ought to g )\t mov+ _! own legs4 ,&1 !re=e1 all _! ef=ts ought to be direct$1 n to go+ s f> z _! /r5g? all[s 9 ! direction !y ought to g1 b to /&+ /ill & con/ruct+ su* a floor4 ,9 ! sph]e ( political economy a !ory is prop\nd$ :i* am\nts to say+ t ! worse ?+s are ! bett] !y are2 t ! great] ! accumulation ( capital1 & !re=e ! oppression ( ! workman1 ! ne>] ! day ( emancipation1 &1 !re=e1 e p]sonal ef=t on ! "p ( a man to free himself f ! oppression ( capital is useless4 ,9 ! sph]e ( gov]nm5t x is ma9ta9$ t ! great] ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t1 :i*1 accord+ to ?is !ory1 ought to int]v5e 9 e dep>tm5t ( private life 9 :i* x has n yet int]v5$1 ! bett] x w be1 & t !re=e we ought to invoke ! int]f]5ce ( gov]nm5t 9 private life4 ,9 politics & int]national que/ions x is ma9ta9$ t ! improvem5t ( ! means ( de/ruction1 ! multiplication ( armam5ts1 w lead to ! necessity ( mak+ w> by means ( congresses1 arbitration1 & s on4 ,&1 m>vel\s to say1 s great is ! dullness ( m51 t !y believe 9 ^! !ories1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! :ole c\rse ( life1 e /ep !y take1 %[s h[ unwor?y !y are ( belief4 ,! p are suff]+ f oppression1 & to deliv] !m f ?is oppression !y are advis$ to frame g5]al measures = ! improvem5t ( _! position1 :i* measures are to be intru/$ to ! au?orities1 & !mselves to cont9ue to yield ob$i5ce to ! au?orities4 ,& obvi\sly all t results f ?is is only great] p[] 9 ! h&s ( ! au?orities1 & great] oppression result+ f x4 ,n "o ( ! errors ( m5 c>ries !m s f> away f ! aim t[>d :i* !y are /ruggl+ z ?is v "o4 ,!y d all k9ds ( diff]5t ?+s = ! atta9m5t ( _! aim1 b n ! "o simple obvi\s ?+ :i* is )9 rea* ( ev]yone4 ,!y devise ! subtle/ means = *ang+ ! position :i* is irksome to !m1 b n t simple/ means1 t ev]yone %\ld refra9 f do+ :at leads to t position4 ,i h be5 told a /ory ( a gallant police (fic]1 :o came to a village :]e ! peasants 7 9 insurrection & ! milit>y _h be5 call$ out1 & he und]took to pacify ! insurrection 9 ! _s ( ,ni*olas ,i41 by 8 p]sonal influ5ce alone4 ,he ord]$ "s loads ( rods to be br\ght1 & collect+ all ! peasants toge!r into a b>n1 he w5t 9 ) !m1 lock+ ! door aft] him4 ,to beg9 )1 he s t]rifi$ ! peasants by 8 l\d ?reats t1 r$uc$ to submission by him1 !y set to "w to flog "o ano!r at 8 comm&4 ,& s !y flogg$ "o ano!r until a simpleton 0 f\nd :o w\ld n all[ himself to be flogg$1 & %\t$ to 8 companions n to flog "o ano!r4 ,only !n ! flogg+ ceas$1 & ! police (fic] made 8 escape4 ,well1 ?is simpleton's advice w\ld nev] be foll[$ by m5 ( ! /ate conception ( life1 :o cont9ue to flog "o ano!r1 & tea* p t ?is v act ( self-ca/igation is ! la/ ^w ( human wisdom4 ,inde$1 c "o imag9e a m /rik+ in/ance ( m5 flogg+ !mselves ?an ! submissiv5ess ) :i* m5 ( our times w p]=m ! v duties requir$ ( !m to keep !m 9 slav]y1 especially ! duty ( milit>y s]vice8 ,we see p enslav+ !mselves1 suff]+ f ?is slav]y1 & believ+ t x mu/ be s1 t x does n matt]1 & w n h9d] ! emancipation ( m51 :i* is be+ prep>$ some:]e1 someh[1 9 spite ( ! ev]-increas+ gr[? ( slav]y4 ,9 fact1 take any man ( ! pres5t "t :atev] 7,i don't mean a true ,*ri/ian1 b an av]age man ( ! pres5t day71 educat$ or un$ucat$1 believ+ or unbeliev+1 ri* or poor1 m>ri$ or unm>ri$4 ,su* a man lives work+ at 8 "w1 or enjoy+ 8 amusem5ts1 sp5d+ ! fruits ( 8 labors on himself or on ^? ne> to him1 &1 l ev]yone1 hat+ e k9d ( re/riction & deprivation1 diss5sion & suff]+4 ,su* a man is go+ 8 way peaceably1 :5 sudd5ly p come & say to him3 ,fir/1 promise & swe> to u t y w slavi%ly obey u 9 ev]y?+ we dictate to y1 & w consid] absolutely good & au?oritative ev]y?+ we plan1 decide1 & call law4 ,secondly1 h& ov] a "p ( ! fruits ( y\r labors = u to dispose (--we w use ! money to keep y 9 slav]y1 & to h9d] y f =cibly oppos+ our ord]s4 ,?irdly1 elect o!rs1 or be y\rself elect$1 to take a pret5d$ %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t1 kn[+ all ! :ile t ! gov]nm5t w proce$ q )\t reg>d to ! fooli% spee*es y1 & ^? l y1 may utt]1 & kn[+ t its proce$+s w be accord+ to our w1 ! w ( ^? :o h ! army 9 _! h&s4 ,f\r?ly1 come at a c]ta9 "t to ! law c\rts & take y\r %>e 9 ^? s5seless cruelties :i* we p]petrate on s9n]s1 & ^? :om we h corrupt$1 9 ! %ape ( p5al s]vitude1 exile1 solit>y conf9em5t1 & dea?4 ,& fif?ly & la/ly1 m ?an all ?is1 9 spite ( ! fact t y may be on ! fri5dlie/ t]ms ) p ( o!r nations1 be ready1 directly we ord] y to d s1 to reg>d ^? :om we indicate to y z y\r enemies2 & be ready to assi/1 ei!r 9 p]son or by proxy1 9 deva/ation1 plund]1 & murd] ( _! m51 wom51 *ildr51 & ag$ alike--possibly y\r own k9sm5 or relations--if t is necess>y to u4 ,"o w\ld expect t e man ( ! pres5t day :o has a gra9 ( s5se left1 might reply to su* requirem5ts1 ,b :y %\ld ,i d all ?is8 ,"o w\ld ?9k e "r-m9d$ man mu/ say 9 amazem5t3 ,:y %\ld ,i promise to yield ob$i5ce to ev]y?+ t has be5 decre$ fir/ by ,salisbury1 !n by ,glad/one2 "o day by ,b\lang]1 & ano!r by ,p>liam5t2 "o day by ,pet] ,,iii41 ! next by ,ca!r9e1 & ! day aft] by ,p\ga*ef2 "o day by a mad k+ ( ,bav>ia1 ano!r by ,william8 ,:y %\ld ,i promise to obey !m1 kn[+ !m to be wick$ or fooli% p1 or else n kn[+ !m at all8 ,:y am ,i to h& ov] ! fruits ( my labors to !m 9 ! %ape ( taxes1 kn[+ t ! money w be sp5t on ! support ( (ficials1 prisons1 *ur*es1 armies1 on ?+s t are h>mful1 & on my own enslavem5t8 ,:y %\ld ,i puni% myself8 ,:y %\ld ,i g wa/+ my "t & hoodw9k+ myself1 giv+ to miscreant evildo]s a semblance ( legality1 by tak+ "p 9 elections1 & pret5d+ t ,i am tak+ "p 9 ! gov]nm5t1 :5 ,i "k v well t ! real control ( ! gov]nm5t is 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o h got hold ( ! army8 ,:y %\ld ,i g to ! law c\rts to take "p 9 ! trial & puni%m5t ( m5 because !y h s9n$1 kn[+1 if ,i am a ,*ri/ian1 t ! law ( v5g5ce is replac$ by ! law ( love1 &1 if ,i am an educat$ man1 t puni%m5ts d n re=m1 b only deprave ^? on :om !y are inflict$8 ,& :y1 mo/ ( all1 am ,i to consid] z enemies ! p ( a neighbor+ nation1 ) :om ,i h hi!rto liv$ & ) :om ,i wi% to live 9 love & h>mony1 & to kill & rob !m1 or to br+ !m to mis]y1 simply 9 ord] t ! keys ( ! temple at ,j]usalem may be 9 ! h&s ( "o ar*bi%op & n ano!r1 t "o ,g]man & n ano!r may be pr9ce 9 ,bulg>ia1 or t ! ,engli% r ?an ! ,am]ican m]*ants may capture seals8 ,& :y1 mo/ ( all1 %\ld ,i take "p 9 p]son or hire o!rs to murd] my own bro!rs & k9sm58 ,:y %\ld ,i flog myself8 ,x is altoge!r unnecess>y = me2 x is hurtful to me1 & f e po9t ( view x is immoral1 base1 & vile4 ,s :y %\ld ,i d ?is8 ,if y tell me t if ,i d x n ,i %all receive "s injury f someone1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i _c anticipate f anyone an injury s great z ! injury y br+ on me if ,i obey y2 & secondly1 x is p]fectly cle> to me t if we our own selves d n flog ourselves1 no "o w flog u4 ,z = ! gov]nm5t--t means ! tz>s1 m9i/]s1 & (ficials ) p5s 9 _! h&s1 :o _c =ce u into do+ any?+1 z t (fic] ( police compell$ ! peasants2 ! m5 :o w drag u to ! law c\rt1 to prison1 & to execution1 are n tz>s or (ficials ) p5s 9 _! h&s1 b ! v p :o are 9 ! same position z we are4 ,& x is j z unpr(itable & h>mful & unpleasant to !m to be flogg$ z to me1 & !re=e !re is e likelihood t if ,i op5 _! eyes !y n only w\ld n treat me ) viol5ce1 b w\ld d j z ,i am do+4 ,?irdly1 ev5 if x %\ld come to pass t ,i _h to suff] = x1 ev5 !n x w\ld be bett] = me to be exil$ or s5t to prison = /&+ up = common s5se & "r--:i*1 if n to-day1 at lea/ )9 a v %ort "t1 mu/ be triumphant--?an to suff] = folly & wrong :i* mu/ come to an end directly4 ,& !re=e1 ev5 9 t case1 x is bett] to run ! risk ( _! bani%+ me1 %utt+ me up 9 prison1 or execut+ me1 ?an ( my liv+ all my life 9 bondage1 ?r\gh my own fault1 to wick$ m54 ,bett] is ?is ?an ! possibility ( be+ de/roy$ by victori\s enemies1 & be+ /upidly tortur$ & kill$ by !m1 9 fight+ = a cannon1 or a piece ( l& ( no use to anyone1 or = a s5seless rag call$ a bann]4 ,i don't want to flog myself & ,i won't d x4 ,i h no reason to d x4 ,d x y\rselves1 if y want x done2 b ,i won't d x4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght t n religi\s or moral feel+ alone1 b ! simple/ common s5se & =esight %\ld impel e man ( ! pres5t day to answ] & to act 9 t way4 ,b n s4 ,m5 ( ! /ate conception ( life are ( ! op9ion t to act 9 t way is n necess>y1 & is ev5 prejudicial to ! atta9m5t ( _! object1 ! emancipation ( m5 f slav]y4 ,!y hold t we mu/ cont9ue1 l ! police (fic]'s peasants1 to flog "o ano!r1 consol+ ourselves ) ! reflection t we are talk+ away 9 ! assemblies & meet+s1 f\nd+ trades unions1 m>*+ ?r\gh ! /reets on ! #a/ ( ,may1 gett+ up conspiracies1 & /eal?ily teas+ ! gov]nm5t t is flogg+ u1 & t ?r\gh all ?is x w be br\ght to pass t1 by enslav+ ourselves 9 clos] & clos] bondage1 we %all v soon be free4 ,no?+ h9d]s ! emancipation ( m5 f slav]y s mu* z ?is amaz+ error4 ,in/ead ( e man direct+ 8 en]gies to free+ himself1 to trans=m+ 8 conception ( life1 p seek = an ext]nal unit$ me?od ( ga9+ fre$om1 & cont9ue to rivet _! *a9s fa/] & fa/]4 ,x is mu* z if m5 7 to ma9ta9 t to make up a fire !re 0 no ne$ to k9dle any ( ! coals1 b t all t 0 necess>y 0 to arrange ! coals 9 a c]ta9 ord]4 ,yet ! fact t ! fre$om ( all m5 w be br\ght ab\t only ?r\gh ! fre$om ( individual p]sons1 becomes m & m cle> z "t goes on4 ,! fre$om ( individual m51 9 ! "n ( ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 f /ate dom9ation1 :i* 0 =m]ly an exceptional & unnotic$ ph5om5on1 has ( late acquir$ ?reat5+ significance = /ate au?orities4 ,if 9 a =m] age1 9 ! ,roman times1 x happ5$ t a ,*ri/ian confess$ 8 religion & refus$ to take "p 9 sacrifices1 & to wor%ip ! emp]ors or ! gods2 or 9 ! ,middle ,ages a ,*ri/ian refus$ to wor%ip images1 or to ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( ! ,pope--^! cases 7 9 ! fir/ place a matt] ( *ance4 ,a man might be plac$ "u ! necessity ( confess+ 8 fai?1 or he might live all 8 life )\t be+ plac$ "u ?is necessity4 ,b n[ all m51 )\t exception1 are subject$ to ?is trial ( _! fai?4 ,e man ( ! pres5t day is "u ! necessity ( tak+ "p 9 ! cruelties ( pagan life1 or ( refus+ all p>ticipation 9 !m4 ,& secondly1 9 ^? days cases ( refusal to wor%ip ! gods or ! images or ! ,pope 7 n incid5ts t _h any mat]ial be>+ on ! /ate4 ,:e!r m5 wor%ip$ or did n wor%ip ! gods or ! images or ! ,pope1 ! /ate rema9$ j z p[]ful4 ,b n[ cases ( refus+ to comply ) ! un*ri/ian dem&s ( ! gov]nm5t are /rik+ at ! v root ( /ate au?ority1 because ! :ole au?ority ( ! /ate is bas$ on ! compliance ) ^! un*ri/ian dem&s4 ,! sov]eign p[]s ( ! _w h 9 ! c\rse ( "t be5 br\ght into a position 9 :i*1 = _! own pres]vation1 !y mu/ require f all m5 actions :i* _c be p]=m$ by m5 :o pr(ess true ,*ri/ianity4 ,& !re=e 9 our days e pr(ession ( true ,*ri/ianity1 by any individual man1 /rikes at ! mo/ ess5tial p[] ( ! /ate1 & inevitably leads ! way = ! emancipation ( all4 ,:at importance1 "o might ?9k1 c "o atta* to su* an incid5t z "s doz5s ( crazy fell[s1 z p w call !m1 refus+ to take ! oa? ( allegiance to ! gov]nm5t1 refus+ to pay taxes1 to take "p 9 law proce$+s or 9 milit>y s]vice8 ,^! p are puni%$ & exil$ to a di/ance1 & life goes on 9 its old way4 ,"o might ?9k !re 0 no importance 9 su* incid5ts2 b yet1 x is j ^? incid5ts1 m ?an any?+ else1 t w und]m9e ! p[] ( ! /ate & prep>e ! way = ! fre$om ( m54 ,^! are ! individual bees1 :o are beg9n+ to sep>ate f ! sw>m1 & are fly+ ne> x1 wait+ till ! :ole sw>m c no long] be prev5t$ f />t+ (f aft] !m4 ,& ! gov]nm5ts "k ?is1 & fe> su* incid5ts m ?an all ! sociali/s1 communi/s1 & an>*i/s1 & _! plots & dynamite bombs4 ,a new reign is beg9n+4 ,accord+ to ! univ]sal rule & e/abli%$ ord] x is requir$ t all ! subjects %\ld take ! oa? ( allegiance to ! new gov]nm5t4 ,!re is a g5]al decree to t effect1 & all are summon$ to ! c\ncil-h\ses to take ! oa?4 ,all at once "o man 9 ,p]m1 ano!r 9 ,tula1 a ?ird 9 ,mosc[1 & a f\r? 9 ,kal\ga decl>e t !y w n take ! oa?1 & ?\gh !re is no communication betwe5 !m1 !y all expla9 _! refusal on ! same gr\nds--namely1 t swe>+ is =bidd5 by ! law ( ,*ri/1 & t ev5 if swe>+ _h n be5 =bidd51 !y c\ld n1 9 ! _s ( ! law ( ,*ri/1 promise to p]=m ! evil actions requir$ ( !m 9 ! oa?1 su* z in=m+ aga9/ all su* z may act aga9/ ! int]e/s ( ! gov]nm5t1 or def5d+ _! gov]nm5t ) fire>ms or attack+ its enemies4 ,!y are br\ght be=e rural police (fic]s1 di/rict police capta9s1 prie/s1 & gov]nors4 ,!y are admoni%$1 que/ion$1 ?reat5$1 & puni%$2 b !y adh]e to _! resolution1 & d n take ! oa?4 ,& among ! millions ( ^? :o did take ! oa?1 ^? doz5s g on liv+ :o did n take ! oa?4 ,& !y are que/ion$3 ,:at1 didn't y take ! oa?8 ,no1 ,i didn't take ! oa?4 ,& :at happ5$--no?+8 ,no?+4 ,! subjects ( a /ate are all b\nd to pay taxes4 ,& ev]yone pays taxes1 till sudd5ly "o man 9 ,kh>kov1 ano!r 9 ,tv]1 & a ?ird 9 ,sam>a refuse to pay taxes--all1 z ?\gh 9 collusion1 say+ ! same ?+4 ,"o says he w only pay :5 !y tell him :at object ! money tak5 f him w be sp5t on4 ,if x is = good de$s1 he says1 he w give x ( 8 own accord1 & m ev5 ?an is requir$ ( him4 ,if = evil de$s1 !n he w give no?+ volunt>ily1 because by ! law ( ,*ri/1 ^: foll[] he is1 he _c take "p 9 evil de$s4 ,! o!rs1 too1 say ! same 9 o!r words1 & w n volunt>ily pay ! taxes4 ,^? :o h any?+ to be tak5 h _! prop]ty tak5 f !m by =ce2 z = ^? :o h no?+1 !y are left alone4 ,:at1 didn't y pay ! tax8 ,no1 ,i didn't pay x4 ,& :at happ5$--no?+8 ,no?+4 ,!re is ! in/itution ( passports4 ,ev]yone mov+ f 8 place ( resid5ce is b\nd to c>ry "o1 & to pay a duty on x4 ,sudd5ly p are to be f\nd 9 v>i\s places decl>+ t to c>ry a passport is n necess>y1 t "o ought n to recognize "o's dep5d5ce on a /ate :i* exi/s by means ( =ce2 & ^! p d n c>ry passports1 or pay ! duty on !m4 ,& aga91 x's impossible to =ce ^? p by any means to d :at is requir$4 ,!y s5d !m to jail1 & let !m out aga91 & ^! p live )\t passports4 ,all peasants are b\nd to fill c]ta9 police (fices--t ( village con/able1 & ( wat*man1 & s on4 ,sudd5ly 9 ,kh>kov a peasant refuses to p]=m ?is duty1 ju/ify+ 8 refusal on ! gr\nd t by ! law ( ,*ri/1 ( :i* he is a foll[]1 he _c put any man 9 fett]s1 lock him up1 or drag him f place to place4 ,! same decl>ation is made by a peasant 9 ,tv]1 ano!r 9 ,tambov4 ,^! peasants are abus$1 beat51 %ut up 9 prison1 b !y /ick to _! resolution & don't fill ^! (fices aga9/ _! convictions4 ,& at la/ !y cease to appo9t !m z con/ables4 ,& aga9 no?+ happ5s4 ,all citiz5s are oblig$ to take a %>e 9 law proce$+s 9 ! "* ( jurym54 ,sudd5ly ! mo/ diff]5t p--me*anics1 pr(essors1 tradesm51 peasants1 s]vants1 z ?\gh by agreem5t refuse to fill ?is (fice1 & n on ! gr\nds all[$ z suffici5t by law1 b because any process at law is1 accord+ to _! views1 un*ri/ian4 ,!y f9e ^! p1 try+ n to let !m h an opportunity ( expla9+ _! motives 9 public1 & replace !m by o!rs4 ,& aga9 no?+ c be done4 ,all "y m5 ( tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age are oblig$ to draw lots = s]vice 9 ! army4 ,all at once "o "y man 9 ,mosc[1 ano!r 9 ,tv]1 a ?ird 9 ,kh>kov1 & a f\r? 9 ,kiev pres5t !mselves be=e ! au?orities1 &1 z ?\gh by previ\s agreem5t1 decl>e t !y w n take ! oa?1 !y w n s]ve because !y are ,*ri/ians4 ,i w give ! details ( "o ( ! fir/ cases1 s9ce !y h become m frequ5t1 :i* ,i happ5 to "k ab\t4#ae ,! same treatm5t has be5 repeat$ 9 e o!r case4 ,a "y man ( fair education refuses 9 ! ,mosc[ ,t[nhall to take ! oa?4 ,no att5tion is paid to :at he says1 & x is reque/$ t he %\ld pron\nce ! words ( ! oa? l ! re/4 ,he decl9es1 quot+ a p>ticul> passage ( ! ,gospel 9 :i* swe>+ is =bidd54 ,no att5tion is paid to 8 argum5ts1 & he is aga9 reque/$ to comply ) ! ord]1 b he does n comply ) x4 ,!n x is suppos$ t he is a sect>y & !re=e does n und]/& ,*ri/ianity 9 ! "r s5se1 t is to say1 n 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! prie/s 9 ! pay ( ! gov]nm5t und]/& x4 ,& ! "y man is conduct$ "u escort to ! prie/s1 t !y may br+ him to reason4 ,! prie/s beg9 to reason ) him1 b _! ef=ts 9 ,*ri/'s "n to p]suade him to r5\nce ,*ri/ obvi\sly h no influ5ce on him2 he is pron\nc$ incorrigible & s5t back aga9 to ! army4 ,he p]si/s 9 n tak+ ! oa? & op5ly refuses to p]=m any milit>y duties4 ,x is a case t has n be5 provid$ = by ! laws4 ,to ov]look su* a refusal to comply ) ! dem&s ( ! au?orities is out ( ! "q1 b to put su* a case on a p> ) simple brea* ( discipl9e is also out ( ! "q4 #ae ,all ! details ( ?is case1 z well z ^? prec$+ x1 are au!ntic4 ,aft] delib]ation among !mselves1 ! milit>y au?orities decide to get rid ( ! tr\blesome "y man1 to consid] him z a revolutioni/1 & !y dispat* him "u escort to ! committee ( ! secret police4 ,! police au?orities & g5d>mes cross-"q him1 b no?+ t he says c be br\ght "u ! head ( any ( ! misdemeanors :i* come "u _! jurisdiction4 ,& !re is no possibility ( accus+ him ei!r ( revolution>y acts or revolution>y plott+1 s9ce he decl>es t he does n wi% to attack any?+1 b1 on ! contr>y1 is oppos$ to any use ( =ce1 &1 f> f plott+ 9 secret1 he seeks e opportunity ( say+ & do+ all t he says & does 9 ! mo/ op5 mann]4 ,& ! g5d>mes1 ?\gh !y are b\nd by no h>d-&-fa/ rules1 /ill f9d no gr\nd = a crim9al *>ge 9 ! "y man1 &1 l ! cl]gy1 !y s5d him back to ! army4 ,aga9 ! au?orities delib]ate toge!r1 & decide to accept him ?\gh he has n tak5 ! oa?1 & to enrol him among ! soldi]s4 ,!y put him into ! uni=m1 enrol him1 & s5d him "u gu>d to ! place :]e ! army is qu>t]$4 ,!re ! *ief (fic] ( ! division :i* he ent]s aga9 expects ! "y man to p]=m 8 milit>y duties1 & aga9 he refuses to obey1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( o!r soldi]s expla9s ! reason ( 8 refusal1 say+ t he z a ,*ri/ian _c volunt>ily prep>e himself to commit murd]1 :i* is =bidd5 by ! law ( ,moses4 ,?is incid5t occurs 9 a prov9cial t[n4 ,! case awak5s ! int]e/1 & ev5 ! sympa?y1 n only ( outsid]s1 b ev5 ( ! (fic]s4 ,& ! *ief (fic]s consequ5tly d n decide to puni% ?is refusal ( ob$i5ce ) discipl9>y measures4 ,to save appe>ances1 ?\gh1 !y %ut ! "y man up 9 prison1 & write to ! highe/ milit>y au?orities to inquire :at !y are to d4 ,to refuse to s]ve 9 ! army1 9 :i* ! ,tz> himself s]ves1 & :i* enjoys ! bless+ ( ! ,*ur*1 seems insanity f ! (ficial po9t ( view4 ,consequ5tly !y write f ,pet]sburg t1 s9ce ! "y man mu/ be out ( 8 m9d1 !y mu/ n use any sev]e treatm5t ) him1 b mu/ s5d him to a lunatic asylum1 t 8 m5tal condition may be inquir$ into & be sci5tifically treat$4 ,!y s5d him to ! asylum 9 ! hope t he w rema9 !re1 l ano!r "y man1 :o refus$ t5 ye>s ago at ,tv] to s]ve 9 ! army1 & :o 0 tortur$ 9 ! asylum till he submitt$4 ,b ev5 ?is /ep does n rid ! milit>y au?orities ( ! inconv5i5t man4 ,! doctors exam9e him1 int]e/ !mselves w>mly 9 8 case1 & naturally f9d+ 9 him no symptoms ( m5tal disease1 s5d him back to ! army4 ,!re !y receive him1 & mak+ believe to h =gott5 8 refusal1 & 8 motives = x1 !y aga9 reque/ him to g to drill1 & aga9 9 ! pres5ce ( ! o!r soldi]s he refuses & expla9s ! reason ( 8 refusal4 ,! affair cont9ues to attract m & m att5tion1 bo? among ! soldi]s & ! inhabitants ( ! t[n4 ,aga9 !y write to ,pet]sburg1 & !nce comes ! decree to transf] ! "y man to "s division ( ! army /ation$ on ! fronti]1 9 "s place :]e ! army is "u m>tial law1 :]e he c be %ot = refus+ to obey1 & :]e ! matt] c proce$ )\t attract+ obs]vation1 see+ t !re are few ,russians & ,*ri/ians 9 su* a di/ant "p1 b ! majority are =eign]s & ,mohamm$ans4 ,?is is accord+ly done4 ,!y transf] him to a division /ation$ on ! ,zacaspian bord]1 & 9 company ) convicts s5d him to a *ief (fic] :o is notori\s = 8 h>%ness & sev]ity4 ,all ?is "t1 ?r\gh all ^! *anges f place to place1 ! "y man is r\ghly treat$1 kept 9 cold1 hung]1 & fil?1 & life is made burd5some to him g5]ally4 ,b all ^! suff]+s d n compel him to *ange 8 resolution4 ,on ! ,zacaspian bord]1 :]e he is aga9 reque/$ to g on gu>d fully arm$1 he aga9 decl9es to obey4 ,he does n refuse to g & /& ne> ! hay/acks :]e !y place him1 b refuses to take 8 arms1 decl>+ t he w n use viol5ce 9 any case aga9/ anyone4 ,all ?is takes place 9 ! pres5ce ( ! o!r soldi]s4 ,to let su* a refusal pass unpuni%$ is impossible1 & ! "y man is put on 8 trial = brea* ( discipl9e4 ,! trial takes place1 & he is s5t5c$ to conf9em5t 9 ! milit>y prison = two ye>s4 ,he is aga9 transf]r$1 9 company ) convicts1 by tape1 to ,caucasus1 & !re he is %ut up 9 prison & falls "u ! irresponsible p[] ( ! jail]4 ,!re he is p]secut$ = a ye> & a half1 b he does n = all t alt] 8 decision n to be> arms1 & he expla9s :y he w n d ?is to ev]yone ) :om he is br\ght 9 contact4 ,at ! end ( ! second ye> !y set him free1 be=e ! end ( 8 t]m ( imprisonm5t1 reckon+ x contr>y to law to keep him 9 prison aft] 8 "t ( milit>y s]vice 0 ov]1 & only too glad to get rid ( him z soon z possible4 ,o!r m5 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,russia behave1 z ?\gh by agreem5t1 precisely 9 ! same way z ?is "y man1 & 9 all ^! cases ! gov]nm5t has adopt$ ! same timor\s1 undecid$1 & secretive c\rse ( action4 ,"s ( ^! m5 are s5t to ! lunatic asylum1 "s are enroll$ z cl]ks & transf]r$ to ,sib]ia1 "s are s5t to "w 9 ! =e/s1 "s are s5t to prison1 "s are f9$4 ,& at ?is v "t "s m5 ( ?is k9d are 9 prison1 n *>g$ ) _! real (f5se--t is1 d5y+ ! lawfulness ( ! action ( ! gov]nm5t1 b = non-fulfillm5t ( special obligations impos$ by gov]nm5t4 ,?us an (fic] ( res]ve1 :o did n report 8 *ange ( resid5ce1 & ju/ifi$ ?is on ! gr\nd t he w\ld n s]ve 9 ! army any long]1 0 f9$ ?irty rubles = non-compliance ) ! ord]s ( ! sup]ior au?ority4 ,?is f9e he also decl9$ volunt>ily to pay4 ,9 ! same way "s peasants & soldi]s :o h refus$ to be drill$ & to be> arms h be5 plac$ "u arre/ on a *>ge ( brea* ( discipl9e & insol5ce4 ,& cases ( refus+ to comply ) ! dem&s ( gov]nm5t :5 !y are oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity1 & especially cases ( refus+ to s]ve 9 ! army1 are occurr+ ( late n 9 ,russia only1 b ev]y:]e4 ,?us ,i happ5 to "k t 9 ,s]via m5 ( ! s-call$ sect ( ,naz>5es /eadily refuse to s]ve 9 ! army1 & ! ,au/rian ,gov]nm5t has be5 c>ry+ on a fruitless conte/ ) !m = ye>s1 puni%+ !m ) imprisonm5t4 ,9 ! ye> #ahhe !re 7 #acj su* cases4 ,i "k t 9 ,switz]l& 9 ! ye> #ahij !re 7 m5 9 prison 9 ! ca/le ( ,*illon = decl9+ to s]ve 9 ! army1 ^: resolution 0 n %ak5 by _! puni%m5t4 ,!re h be5 su* cases 9 ,sw$51 & ! m5 :o refus$ ob$i5ce 7 s5t to prison 9 exactly ! same way1 & ! gov]nm5t /udi\sly conceal$ ^! cases f ! p4 ,!re h be5 simil> cases also 9 ,prussia4 ,i "k ( ! case ( a sub-lieut5ant ( ! ,gu>ds1 :o 9 #ahia decl>$ to ! au?orities 9 ,b]l9 t he w\ld n1 z a ,*ri/ian1 cont9ue to s]ve1 & 9 spite ( all admonitions1 ?reats1 & puni%m5ts he /uck to 8 resolution4 ,9 ! s\? ( ,france a society has aris5 ( late be>+ ! "n ( ! ,h9s*i/s 7^! facts are tak5 f ! ,peace ,h]ald1 ,july1 #ahia71 ! memb]s ( :i* refuse to ent] milit>y s]vice on ! gr\nds ( _! ,*ri/ian pr9ciples4 ,at fir/ !y 7 enroll$ 9 ! ambulance corps1 b n[1 z _! numb]s increase1 !y are subject$ to puni%m5t = non-compliance1 b !y /ill refuse to be> arms j ! same4 ,! sociali/s1 ! communi/s1 ! an>*i/s1 ) _! bombs & riots & revolutions1 are n ne>ly s mu* dread$ by gov]nm5ts z ^! disconnect$ individuals com+ f diff]5t p>ts1 & all ju/ify+ _! non-compliance on ! gr\nds ( ! same religion1 :i* is kn[n to all ! _w4 ,e gov]nm5t kn[s by :at means & 9 :at mann] to def5d itself f revolutioni/s1 & has res\rces = do+ s1 & !re=e does n dread ^! ext]nal foes4 ,b :at are gov]nm5ts to d aga9/ m5 :o %[ ! uselessness1 sup]flu\sness1 & p]nici\sness ( all gov]nm5ts1 & :o d n cont5d aga9/ !m1 b simply d n ne$ !m & d )\t !m1 & !re=e are unwill+ to take any "p 9 !m8 ,! revolutioni/s say3 ,! =m ( gov]nm5t is bad 9 ?is respect & t respect2 we mu/ ov]turn x & sub/itute ?is or t =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,! ,*ri/ian says3 ,i "k no?+ ab\t ! =m ( gov]nm5t1 ,i don't "k :e!r x is good or bad1 & ,i don't want to ov]turn x precisely because ,i don't "k :e!r x's good or bad1 b = ! v same reason ,i don't want to support x ei!r4 ,& ,i n only don't want to1 b ,i c't1 because :at x dem&s ( me is aga9/ my consci5ce4 ,all /ate obligations are aga9/ ! consci5ce ( a ,*ri/ian--! oa? ( allegiance1 taxes1 law proce$+s1 & milit>y s]vice4 ,& ! :ole p[] ( ! gov]nm5t re/s on ^! v obligations4 ,revolution>y enemies attack ! gov]nm5t f )\t4 ,*ri/ianity does n attack x at all1 b1 f )91 x de/roys all ! f\ndations on :i* gov]nm5t re/s4 ,among ! ,russian p1 especially s9ce ! age ( ,pet] ,i41 ! prote/ ( ,*ri/ianity aga9/ ! gov]nm5t has nev] ceas$1 & ! social organization has be5 su* t m5 emigrate 9 communes to ,turkey1 to ,*9a1 & to un9habit$ l&s1 & n only feel no ne$ ( /ate aid1 b always reg>d ! /ate z a useless burd51 only to be endur$ z a mis=tune1 :e!r x happ5s to be ,turki%1 ,russian1 or ,*9ese4 ,& s1 too1 among ! ,russian p m & m frequ5t examples h ( late appe>$ ( consci\s ,*ri/ian fre$om f subjection to ! /ate4 ,& ^! examples are ! m al>m+ = ! gov]nm5t f ! fact t ^! non-compliant p]sons (t5 belong n to ! s-call$ l[] un$ucat$ classes1 b are m5 ( fair or good education2 & also f ! fact t !y d n 9 ^! days ju/ify _! position by any my/ic & exceptional views1 z 9 =m] times1 d n associate !mselves ) any sup]/iti\s or fanatic rites1 l ! sects :o practice self-immolation by fire1 or ! w&]+ pilgrims1 b put _! refusal on ! v simple/ & cle>e/ gr\nds1 compreh5sible to all1 & recogniz$ z true by all4 ,?us !y refuse ! volunt>y paym5t ( taxes1 because taxes are sp5t on de$s ( viol5ce--on ! pay ( m5 ( viol5ce--soldi]s1 on ! con/ruction ( prisons1 =tresses1 & cannons4 ,!y z ,*ri/ians reg>d x z s9ful & immoral to h any h& 9 su* de$s4 ,^? :o refuse to take ! oa? ( allegiance refuse because to promise ob$i5ce to au?orities1 t is1 to m5 :o are giv5 to de$s ( viol5ce1 is contr>y to ! s5se ( ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,!y refuse to take ! oa? 9 ! law c\rts1 because oa?s are directly =bidd5 by ! ,gospel4 ,!y refuse to p]=m police duties1 because 9 ! p]=mance ( ^! duties !y mu/ use =ce aga9/ _! bro!rs & ill treat !m1 & a ,*ri/ian _c d t4 ,!y refuse to take "p 9 trials at law1 because !y consid] e appeal to law is fulfill+ ! law ( v5geance1 :i* is inconsi/5t ) ! ,*ri/ian law ( =giv5ess & love4 ,!y refuse to take any "p 9 milit>y prep>ations & 9 ! army1 because !y _c be execution]s1 & !y are unwill+ to prep>e !mselves to be s4 ,! motives 9 all ^! cases are s excell5t t1 h[ev] despotic gov]nm5ts may be1 !y c\ld h>dly puni% !m op5ly4 ,to puni% m5 = refus+ to act aga9/ _! consci5ce ! gov]nm5t mu/ r5\nce all claim to good s5se & b5evol5ce4 ,& !y assure p t !y only rule 9 ! "n ( good s5se & b5evol5ce4 ,:at are gov]nm5ts to d aga9/ su* p8 ,gov]nm5ts c ( c\rse flog to dea? or execute or keep 9 p]petual imprisonm5t all enemies :o want to ov]turn !m by viol5ce1 !y c lavi% gold on t section ( ! p :o are ready to de/roy _! enemies4 ,b :at c !y d aga9/ m5 :o1 )\t wi%+ to ov]turn or de/roy any?+1 desire simply = _! "p to d no?+ aga9/ ! law ( ,*ri/1 & :o1 !re=e1 refuse to p]=m ! commone/ /ate requirem5ts1 :i* are1 !re=e1 ! mo/ indisp5sable to ! ma9t5ance ( ! /ate8 ,if !y _h be5 revolutioni/s1 advocat+ & practic+ viol5ce & murd]1 _! suppression w\ld h be5 an easy matt]2 "s ( !m c\ld h be5 b\ght ov]1 "s c\ld h be5 dup$1 "s c\ld h be5 ov]aw$1 & ^! :o c\ld n be b\ght ov]1 dup$1 or ov]aw$ w\ld h be5 treat$ z crim9als1 enemies ( society1 w\ld h be5 execut$ or imprison$1 & ! cr[d w\ld h approv$ ( ! action ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,if !y _h be5 fanatics1 pr(ess+ "s peculi> belief1 x might h be5 possible1 9 disprov+ ! sup]/iti\s errors mix$ 9 ) _! religion1 to attack also ! tru? !y advocate4 ,b :at is to be done ) m5 :o pr(ess no revolution>y ideas nor any peculi> religi\s dogmas1 b m]ely because !y are unwill+ to d evil to any man1 refuse to take ! oa?1 to pay taxes1 to take "p 9 law proce$+s1 to s]ve 9 ! army1 to fulfill1 9 fact1 any ( ! obligations ^u :i* ! :ole fabric ( a /ate re/s8 ,:at is to done ) su* p8 ,to buy !m ov] ) bribes is impossible2 ! v risks to :i* !y volunt>ily expose !mselves %[ t !y are incorruptible4 ,to dupe !m into believ+ t ?is is _! duty to ,god is also impossible1 s9ce _! refusal is bas$ on ! cle>1 unmi/akable law ( ,god1 recogniz$ ev5 by ^? :o are try+ to compel m5 to act aga9/ x4 ,to t]rify !m by ?reats is /ill less possible1 because ! deprivations & suff]+s to :i* !y are subject$ only /r5g!n _! desire to foll[ ! fai? by :i* !y are comm&$3 to obey ,god r ?an m51 & n to fe> ^? :o c de/roy ! body1 b to fe> him :o c de/roy body & s\l4 ,to kill !m or keep !m 9 p]petual imprisonm5t is also impossible4 ,^! m5 h fri5ds1 & a pa/2 _! way ( ?9k+ & act+ is well kn[n2 !y are kn[n by ev]yone = good1 g5tle1 peaceable p1 & !y _c be reg>d$ z crim9als :o mu/ be remov$ = ! safety ( society4 ,& to put m5 to dea? :o are reg>d$ z good m5 is to provoke o!rs to *ampion !m & ju/ify _! refusal4 ,& x is only necess>y to expla9 ! reasons ( _! refusal to make cle> to ev]yone t ^! reasons h ! same =ce = all o!r m51 & t !y all ought to h done ! same long ago4 ,^! cases put ! rul+ p[]s into a desp]ate position4 ,!y see t ! prophecy ( ,*ri/ianity is com+ to pass1 t x is loos5+ ! fett]s ( ^? 9 *a9s1 & sett+ free !m t are 9 bondage1 & t ?is mu/ inevitably be ! end ( all oppressors4 ,! rul+ au?orities see ?is1 !y "k t _! h\rs are numb]$1 & !y c d no?+4 ,all t !y c d to save !mselves is only def]r+ ! h\r ( _! d[nfall4 ,& ?is !y d1 b _! position is none ! less desp]ate4 ,x is l ! position ( a conqu]or :o is try+ to save a t[n :i* has be5 be5 set on fire by its own inhabitants4 ,directly he puts out ! conflagration 9 "o place1 x is alight 9 two o!r places2 directly he gives 9 to ! fire & cuts (f :at is on fire f a l>ge build+1 ! build+ itself is alight at bo? ends4 ,^! sep>ate fires may be few1 b !y are burn+ ) a flame :i*1 h[ev] small a sp>k x />ts f1 nev] ceases till x has set ! :ole ablaze4 ,?us x is t ! rul+ au?orities are 9 su* a def5seless position be=e m5 :o advocate ,*ri/ianity1 t b little is necess>y to ov]?r[ ?is sov]eign p[] :i* seems s p[]ful1 & has held su* an exalt$ position = s _m c5turies4 ,& yet social re=m]s are busy promulgat+ ! idea t x is n necess>y & is ev5 p]nici\s & immoral = e man sep>ately to "w out 8 own fre$om4 ,z ?\gh1 :ile "o set ( m5 h be5 at "w a long :ile turn+ a riv] into a new *annel1 & _h dug out a complete wat]-c\rse & _h only to op5 ! floodgates = ! wat] to ru% 9 & d ! re/1 ano!r set ( m5 %\ld come along & beg9 to advise !m t x w\ld be mu* bett]1 in/ead ( lett+ ! wat] out1 to con/ruct a ma*9e :i* w\ld ladle ! wat] up f "o side & p\r x ov] ! o!r side4 ,b ! ?+ has gone too f>4 ,already rul+ gov]nm5ts feel _! weak & def5seless position1 & m5 ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples are awak5+ f _! apa?y1 & already beg9 to feel _! p[]4 ,i am come to s5d a fire on ! e>?1 said ,*ri/1 & :at w ,i1 if x be already k9dl$8 ,& ?is fire is beg9n+ to burn4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,evil ,,_c ,,be ,,suppress$ ,,by ,,! ,,physical ,,=ce ,,( ,,! ,,gov]nm5t--,,! ,,moral ,,progress ,,( ,,humanity ,,is ,,br\ght ,,ab\t ,,n ,,only ,,by ,,individual ,,recognition ,,( ,,tru?1 ,,b ,,also ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,e/abli%m5t ,,( ,a ,,public ,,op9ion4 ,*ri/ianity ,de/roys ! ,/ate--,b ,:i* is ,mo/ ,necess>y3 ,*ri/ianity or ! ,/ate8--,!re are ,"s :o ,ass]t ! ,necessity ( a ,/ate ,organization1 & ,o!rs :o ,d5y x1 bo? ,argu+ f same ,fir/ ,pr9ciples--,nei!r ,cont5tion c be ,prov$ by ,ab/ract ,argum5t--,! ,"q mu/ be ,decid$ by ! ,/age 9 ! ,developm5t ( ,consci5ce ( ,ea* ,man1 :i* w ei!r ,prev5t or ,all[ him to ,support a ,gov]nm5t ,organization--,recognition ( ! ,futility & ,immorality ( ,support+ a ,/ate ,organization ,contr>y to ,*ri/ian ,pr9ciples w ,decide ! ,"q = ,e ,man1 9 ,spite ( any ,action on ,"p ( ! ,/ate--,argum5t ( ^? :o ,def5d ! ,gov]nm5t1 t x is a ,=m ( ,social ,life1 ,ne$$ to ,protect ! ,good f ! ,wick$1 till all ,nations & all ,memb]s ( ea* ,nation h ,become ,*ri/ians--,! ,mo/ ,wick$ are ,always ^? 9 ,p[]--,! :ole ,hi/ory ( ,humanity is ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,=cible ,appropriation ( ,p[] by ! ,wick$ & _! ,oppression ( ! ,good--,! ,recognition by ,gov]nm5ts ( ! ,necessity ( ,oppos+ ,evil by ,=ce is ,equival5t to ,suicide on _! ,"p--,! ,abolition ( ,/ate-viol5ce _c ,increase ! ,sum ,total ( ,acts ( ,viol5ce--,! ,suppression ( ! ,use ( ,=ce is n only ,possible1 b is ev5 ,tak+ ,place be=e ,our ,eyes--,b x w ,nev] be ,suppress$ by ! ,viol5ce ( ,gov]nm5t1 b ?r\gh ,m5 :o h ,atta9$ ,p[] by ,evid5ce ,recogniz+ its ,empt9ess & ,becom+ ,bett] & ,less ,capable ( ,us+ ,=ce--,individual ,m5 & also ,:ole ,nations ,pass ,?r\gh ?is ,process--,by ?is ,means ,*ri/ianity is ,diffus$ ,?r\gh ,consci\sness ( ,m51 n only 9 ,spite ( ,use ( ,viol5ce by ,gov]nm5t1 b ev5 ,?r\gh its ,action1 & !re=e ! ,suppression is n to be ,dread$1 b is ,br\ght ,ab\t by ! ,national ,progress ( ,life--,objection ( ^? :o ,def5d ,/ate ,organization t ,univ]sal ,adoption ( ,*ri/ianity is h>dly ,likely to be ,realiz$ at any ,"t--,! ,g5]al ,adoption ( ! ,tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity is be+ ,br\ght ,ab\t n only by ! ,gradual & ,inw>d ,means1 t is1 by ,k ( ! ,tru?1 ,prophetic ,insight1 & ,recognition ( ! ,empt9ess ( ,p[]1 & ,r5unciation ( x by ,individuals1 b also by ,ano!r ,ext]nal ,means1 ! ,acceptance ( a ,new ,tru? by ,:ole ,masses ( ,m5 on a ,l[] ,level ( ,developm5t ,?r\gh ,simple ,confid5ce 9 _! ,lead]s--,:5 a ,c]ta9 ,/age 9 ! ,diffusion ( a ,tru? has be5 ,rea*$1 a ,public ,op9ion is ,creat$ :i* ,impels a ,:ole ,mass ( ,m51 =m]ly ,antagoni/ic to ! ,new ,tru?1 to ,accept x--,& !re=e all ,m5 may ,quickly be ,br\ght to ,r5\nce ! use ( ,viol5ce :5 once a ,*ri/ian ,public ,op9ion is ,e/abli%$--,! ,conviction ( ,=ce be+ ,necess>y ,h9d]s ! ,e/abli%m5t ( a ,*ri/ian ,public ,op9ion--,! ,use ( ,viol5ce ,leads ,m5 to ,di/ru/ ! ,spiritual ,=ce :i* is ! ,only ,=ce by :i* !y ,advance--,nei!r ,nations nor ,individuals h be5 really ,subjugat$ by ,=ce1 b only by ,public ,op9ion1 :i* no ,=ce c ,resi/--,savage ,nations & ,savage ,m5 c only be ,subdu$ by ! ,diffusion ( a ,*ri/ian ,/&>d among !m1 :ile actually ,*ri/ian ,nations 9 ord] to ,subdue !m d all !y c to ,de/roy a ,*ri/ian ,/&>d--,^! ,fruitless ,attempts to ,civilize ,savages ,_c be ,adduc$ z ,pro(s t ,m5 ,_c be ,subdu$ by ,*ri/ianity--,viol5ce by ,corrupt+ ,public ,op9ion1 only ,h9d]s ! ,social ,organization f be+ ,:at x ,ought to ,be--,& by ! ,use ( ,viol5ce be+ ,suppress$1 a ,*ri/ian ,public ,op9ion w\ld be ,e/abli%$--,:atev] might be ! ,result ( ! ,suppression ( ,use ( ,=ce1 ?is ,unkn[n ,future c\ld n be ,worse ?an ! ,pres5t ,condition1 & s !re is no ,ne$ to ,dread x--,to ,atta9 ,k ( ! ,unkn[n1 & to ,move ,t[>d x1 is ! ,ess5ce ( ,life4 ,*ri/ianity 9 its true s5se puts an end to gov]nm5t4 ,s x 0 und]/ood at its v comm5cem5t2 x 0 = t cause t ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$4 ,s x has always be5 und]/ood by p :o 7 n "u ! necessity ( ju/ify+ a ,*ri/ian gov]nm5t4 ,only f ! "t t ! heads ( gov]nm5t assum$ an ext]nal & nom9al ,*ri/ianity1 m5 began to inv5t all ! impossible1 cunn+ly devis$ !ories by means ( :i* ,*ri/ianity c be reconcil$ ) gov]nm5t4 ,b no hone/ & s]i\s-m9d$ man ( our day c help see+ ! incompatibility ( true ,*ri/ianity--! doctr9e ( meekness1 =giv5ess ( injuries1 & love--) gov]nm5t1 ) its pomp1 acts ( viol5ce1 executions1 & w>s4 ,! pr(ession ( true ,*ri/ianity n only excludes ! possibility ( recogniz+ gov]nm5t1 b ev5 de/roys its v f\ndations4 ,b if x is s1 & we are "r 9 say+ t ,*ri/ianity is incompatible ) gov]nm5t1 !n ! "q naturally pres5ts itself3 :i* is m necess>y to ! good ( humanity1 9 :i* way is m5's happ9ess be/ to be secur$1 by ma9ta9+ ! organization ( gov]nm5t or by de/roy+ x & replac+ x by ,*ri/ianity8 ,"s p ma9ta9 t gov]nm5t is m necess>y = humanity1 t ! de/ruction ( ! /ate organization w\ld involve ! de/ruction ( all t humanity has ga9$1 t ! /ate has be5 & /ill is ! only =m 9 :i* humanity c develop4 ,! evil :i* we see among peoples liv+ "u a gov]nm5t organization !y attribute n to t type ( society1 b to its abuses1 :i*1 !y say1 c be correct$ )\t de/roy+ x1 & ?us humanity1 )\t disc>d+ ! /ate organization1 c develop & atta9 a high degree ( happ9ess4 ,& m5 ( ?is way ( ?9k+ br+ =w>d 9 support ( _! views argum5ts :i* !y ?9k irrefutable drawn f hi/ory1 philosophy1 & ev5 religion4 ,b !re are m5 :o hold on ! contr>y t1 z !re 0 a "t :5 humanity liv$ )\t gov]nm5t1 su* an organization is tempor>y1 & t a "t mu/ come :5 m5 ne$ a new organization1 & t t "t has come n[4 ,& m5 ( ?is way ( ?9k+ also br+ =w>d 9 support ( _! views argum5ts :i* !y ?9k irrefutable f philosophy1 hi/ory1 & religion4 ,volumes may be writt5 9 def5se ( ! =m] view 7& volumes inde$ h long ago be5 writt5 & m w /ill be writt5 on t side71 b mu* also c be writt5 aga9/ x 7& mu* also1 & mo/ briliantly1 has be5 writt5--?\gh m rec5tly--on ?is side74 ,& x _c be prov$1 z ! *ampions ( ! /ate ma9ta91 t ! de/ruction ( gov]nm5t involves a social *aos1 mutual spoliation & murd]1 ! de/ruction ( all social in/itutions1 & ! return ( mank9d to b>b>ism4 ,nor c x be prov$ z ! oppon5ts ( gov]nm5t ma9ta9 t m5 h already become s wise & good t !y w n spoil or murd] "o ano!r1 b w pref] peaceful associations to ho/ilities2 t ( _! own accord1 unaid$ by ! /ate1 !y w make all ! arrangem5ts t !y ne$1 & t !re=e gov]nm5t1 f> f be+ any aid1 "u %[ ( gu>d+ m5 ex]ts a p]nici\s & brutaliz+ influ5ce ov] !m4 ,x is impossible to prove ei!r ( ^! cont5tions by ab/ract reason+4 ,/ill less possible is x to prove !m by exp]im5t1 s9ce ! :ole matt] turns on ! "q1 ought we to try ! exp]im5t8 ,! "q :e!r or n ! "t has come to make an end ( gov]nm5t w\ld be unansw]able1 except t !re exi/s ano!r liv+ means ( settl+ x beyond dispute4 ,we may dispute ^u ! "q :e!r ! ne/l+s are ready to d )\t ! "m-h5 & to come out ( ! eggs1 or :e!r !y are n yet advanc$ en\gh4 ,b ! "y birds w decide ! "q )\t any reg>d = our argum5ts :5 !y f9d !mselves cramp$ = space 9 ! eggs4 ,!n !y w beg9 to try !m ) _! beaks & come out ( !m ( _! own accord4 ,x is ! same ) ! "q :e!r ! "t has come to d away ) ! gov]nm5tal type ( society & to replace x by a new type4 ,if a man1 ?r\gh ! gr[? ( a high] consci5ce1 c no long] comply ) ! dem&s ( gov]nm5t1 he f9ds himself cramp$ by x & at ! same "t no long] ne$s its protection4 ,:5 ?is comes to pass1 ! "q :e!r m5 are ready to disc>d ! gov]nm5tal type is solv$4 ,& ! conclusion w be z f9al = !m z = ! "y birds hat*$ out ( ! eggs4 ,j z no p[] 9 ! _w c put !m back into ! %ells1 s c no p[] 9 ! _w br+ m5 aga9 "u ! gov]nm5tal type ( society :5 once !y h outgr[n x4 ,x may well be t gov]nm5t 0 necess>y & is /ill necess>y = all ! advantages :i* y attribute to x1 says ! man :o has ma/]$ ! ,*ri/ian !ory ( life4 ,i only "k t on ! "o h&1 gov]nm5t is no long] necess>y = me1 & on ! o!r h&1 ,i c no long] c>ry out ! measures t are necess>y to ! exi/5ce ( a gov]nm5t4 ,settle = y\rselves :at y ne$ = y\r life4 ,i _c prove ! ne$ or ! h>m ( gov]nm5ts 9 g5]al4 ,i "k only :at ,i ne$ & d n ne$1 :at ,i c d & :at ,i _c4 ,i "k t ,i d n ne$ to divide myself (f f o!r nations1 & !re=e ,i _c admit t ,i belong exclusively to any /ate or nation1 or t ,i owe allegiance to any gov]nm5t4 ,i "k t ,i d n ne$ all ! gov]nm5t in/itutions organiz$ )9 ! /ate1 & !re=e ,i _c deprive p :o ne$ my labor to give x 9 ! =m ( taxes to in/itutions :i* ,i d n ne$1 :i* = all ,i "k may be p]nici\s4 ,i "k t ,i h no ne$ ( ! adm9i/ration or ( c\rts ( ju/ice f\nd$ ^u =ce1 & !re=e ,i c take no "p 9 ei!r4 ,i "k t ,i d n ne$ to attack & slaught] o!r nations or to def5d myself f !m ) arms1 & !re=e ,i c take no "p 9 w>s or prep>ations = w>s4 ,x may well be t !re are p :o _c help reg>d+ all ?is z necess>y & indisp5sable4 ,i _c dispute ! "q ) !m1 ,i c only speak = myself2 b ,i c say ) absolute c]ta9ty t ,i d n ne$ x1 & t ,i _c d x4 ,& ,i d n ne$ ?is & ,i _c d x1 n because su* is my own1 my p]sonal w1 b because su* is ! w ( him :o s5t me into life1 & gave me an indubitable law = my conduct ?r\gh life4 ,:atev] argum5ts may be advanc$ 9 support ( ! cont5tion t ! suppression ( gov]nm5t au?ority w\ld be injuri\s & w\ld lead to great calamities1 m5 :o h once outgr[n ! gov]nm5tal =m ( society _c g back to x aga94 ,& all ! reason+ 9 ! _w _c make ! man :o has outgr[n ! gov]nm5tal =m ( society take "p 9 actions disall[$ by 8 consci5ce1 any m ?an ! full-gr[n bird c be made to return into ! egg-%ell4 ,b ev5 x be s1 say ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 /ill ! suppression ( gov]nm5t viol5ce c only be possible & desirable :5 all m5 h become ,*ri/ians4 ,s long z among p nom9ally ,*ri/ians !re are un*ri/ian wick$ m51 :o = ! gratification ( _! own lu/s are ready to d h>m to o!rs1 ! suppression ( gov]nm5t au?ority1 f> f be+ a bless+ to o!rs1 w\ld only increase _! mis]ies4 ,! suppression ( ! gov]nm5tal type ( society is n only undesirable s long z !re is only a m9ority ( true ,*ri/ians2 x w\ld n ev5 be desirable if ! :ole ( a nation 7 ,*ri/ians1 b among & ar\nd !m 7 /ill un*ri/ian m5 ( o!r nations4 ,= ^! un*ri/ian m5 w\ld rob1 outrage1 & kill ! ,*ri/ians ) impunity & w\ld make _! lives mis]able4 ,all t w\ld result1 w\ld be t ! bad w\ld oppress & outrage ! good ) impunity4 ,& !re=e ! au?ority ( gov]nm5t mu/ n be suppress$ till all ! wick$ & rapaci\s p 9 ! _w are ext9ct4 ,& s9ce ?is w ei!r nev] be1 or at lea/ _c be = a long "t to come1 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( individual ,*ri/ians to be indep5d5t ( gov]nm5t au?ority1 x ought to be ma9ta9$ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! majority4 ,! *ampions ( gov]nm5t ass]t t )\t x ! wick$ w oppress & outrage ! good1 & t ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t enables ! good to resi/ ! wick$4 ,b 9 ?is ass]tion ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s take = grant$ ! proposition !y want to prove4 ,:5 !y say t except = ! gov]nm5t ! bad w\ld oppress ! good1 !y take x = grant$ t ! good are ^? :o at ! pres5t "t are 9 possession ( p[]1 & ! bad are ^? :o are 9 subjection to x4 ,b ?is is j :at wants prov+4 ,x w\ld only be true if ! cu/om ( our society 7 :at is1 or r is suppos$ to be1 ! cu/om 9 ,*9a2 t is1 t ! good always rule1 & t directly ^? at ! head ( gov]nm5t cease to be bett] ?an ^? !y rule ov]1 ! citiz5s are b\nd to remove !m4 ,?is is suppos$ to be ! cu/om 9 ,*9a4 ,9 reality x is n s & c nev] be s4 ,= to remove ! heads ( a gov]nm5t rul+ by =ce1 x is n ! "r alone1 b ! p[] to d s t is ne$$4 ,s t ev5 9 ,*9a ?is is only an imag9>y cu/om4 ,& 9 our ,*ri/ian _w we d n ev5 suppose su* a cu/om1 & we h no?+ on :i* to build up ! supposition t x is ! good or ! sup]ior :o are 9 p[]2 9 reality x is ^? :o h seiz$ p[] & :o keep x = _! own & _! reta9]s' b5efit4 ,! good _c seize p[]1 nor reta9 x2 to d ?is m5 mu/ love p[]4 ,& love ( p[] is inconsi/5t ) goodness2 b q consi/5t ) ! v opposite qualities--pride1 cunn+1 cruelty4 ,)\t ! aggr&izem5t ( self & ! abasem5t ( o!rs1 )\t hypocrisies & deceptions1 )\t prisons1 =tresses1 executions1 & murd]s1 no p[] c come into exi/5ce or be ma9ta9$4 ,if ! p[] ( gov]nm5t is suppress$ ! m wick$ w oppress ! less wick$1 say ! *ampions ( /ate au?ority4 ,b :5 ! ,egyptians conqu]$ ! ,jews1 ! ,romans conqu]$ ! ,greeks1 & ! ,b>b>ians conqu]$ ! ,romans1 is x possible t all ! conqu]ors 7 always bett] ?an ^? !y conqu]$8 ,& ! same ) ! transitions ( p[] )9 a /ate f "o p]sonage to ano!r3 has ! p[] always pass$ f a worse p]son to a bett] "o8 ,:5 ,l\is ,,xvi4 0 remov$ & ,robespi]re came to p[]1 & aft]w>d ,napoleon--:o rul$ !n1 a bett] man or a worse8 ,& :5 7 bett] m5 9 p[]1 :5 ! ,v]sailli/ p>ty or :5 ! ,commune 0 9 p[]8 ,:5 ,*>les ,i4 0 rul]1 or :5 ,cromwell8 ,& :5 ,pet] ,,iii4 0 ,tz>1 or :5 he 0 kill$ & ,ca!r9e 0 ,tz>itsa 9 "o-half ( ,russia & ,p\ga*ef rul$ ! o!r8 ,:i* 0 bad !n1 & :i* 0 good8 ,all m5 :o happ5 to be 9 au?ority ass]t t _! au?ority is necess>y to keep ! bad f oppress+ ! good1 assum+ t !y !mselves are ! good p> excell5ce1 :o protect o!r good p f ! bad4 ,b rul+ means us+ =ce1 & us+ =ce means do+ to him to :om =ce is us$1 :at he does n l & :at he :o uses ! =ce w\ld c]ta9ly n l done to himself4 ,consequ5tly rul+ means do+ to o!rs :at we w\ld n !y %\ld d unto u1 t is1 do+ wrong4 ,to submit means to pref] suff]+ to us+ =ce4 ,& to pref] suff]+ to us+ =ce means to be good1 or at lea/ less wick$ ?an ^? :o d unto o!rs :at !y w\ld n l !mselves4 ,& !re=e1 9 all probability1 n ! bett] b ! worse h always rul$ & are rul+ n[4 ,!re may be bad m5 among ^? :o are rul$1 b x _c be t ^? :o are bett] h g5]ally rul$ ^? :o are worse4 ,x might be possible to suppose ?is ) ! inexact hea!n def9ition ( good2 b ) ! cle> ,*ri/ian def9ition ( good & evil1 x is impossible to imag9e x4 ,if ! m or less good1 & ! m or less bad _c be di/+ui%$ 9 ! hea!n _w1 ! ,*ri/ian conception ( good & evil has s cle>ly def9$ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! good & ! wick$1 t x is impossible to conf\nd !m4 ,accord+ to ,*ri/'s tea*+ ! good are ^? :o are meek & long-suff]+1 d n resi/ evil by =ce1 =give injuries1 & love _! enemies2 ^? are wick$ :o exalt !mselves1 oppress1 /rive1 & use =ce4 ,!re=e by ,*ri/'s tea*+ !re c be no d\bt :e!r ! good are to be f\nd among rul]s or rul$1 & :e!r ! wick$ are among ! rul$ or ! rul]s4 ,inde$ x is absurd ev5 to speak ( ,*ri/ians rul+4 ,non-,*ri/ians1 t is ^? :o f9d ! aim ( _! lives 9 e>?ly happ9ess1 mu/ always rule ,*ri/ians1 ! aim ( ^: lives is ! r5unciation ( su* e>?ly happ9ess4 ,?is diff]5ce has always exi/$ & has become m & m def9$ z ! ,*ri/ian religion has be5 m widely diffus$ & m correctly und]/ood4 ,! m widely true ,*ri/ianity 0 diffus$ & ! m x p5etrat$ m5's consci5ce1 ! m impossible x 0 = ,*ri/ians to be rul]s1 & ! easi] x became = non-,*ri/ians to rule !m4 ,to get rid ( gov]nm5tal viol5ce 9 a society 9 :i* all are n true ,*ri/ians1 w only result 9 ! wick$ dom9at+ ! good & oppress+ !m ) impunity1 say ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s4 ,b x has nev] be51 & _c be o!rwise4 ,s x has always be5 f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 & s x is /ill4 ,! wick$ w always dom9ate ! good1 & w always oppress !m4 ,ca9 ov]p[]$ ,abel1 ! cunn+ ,jacob oppress$ ! guileless ,esau & 0 9 8 turn deceiv$ by ,laban1 ,caiaphas & ,pilate oppress$ ,*ri/1 ! ,roman emp]ors oppress$ ,s5eca1 ,epictetus1 & ! good ,romans :o liv$ 9 _! times4 ,john ,,iv4 ) 8 favorites1 ! syphilitic drunk5 ,pet] ) 8 buffoons1 ! vici\s ,ca!r9e ) h] p>am\rs1 rul$ & oppress$ ! indu/ri\s religi\s ,russians ( _! times4 ,william is rul+ ov] ! ,g]mans1 ,/amb\l(f ov] ! ,bulg>ians1 ! ,russian (ficials ov] ! ,russian p4 ,! ,g]mans h dom9at$ ! ,italians1 n[ !y dom9ate ! ,hung>ians & ,slavonians2 ! ,turks h dom9at$ & /ill dom9ate ! ,slavonians & ,greeks2 ! ,engli% dom9ate ! ,h9doos1 ! ,mongolians dom9ate ! ,*9ese4 ,s t :e!r gov]nm5tal viol5ce is suppress$ or n1 ! position ( good m51 9 be+ oppress$ by ! wick$1 w be un*ang$4 ,to t]rify m5 ) ! prospect ( ! wick$ dom9at+ ! good is impossible1 = t is j :at has always be51 & is n[1 & _c b be4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( pagan times is no?+ b a recital ( ! incid5ts & means by :i* ! m wick$ ga9$ possession ( p[] ov] ! less wick$1 & reta9$ x by cruelties & deceptions1 rul+ ov] ! good "u ! pret5se ( gu>d+ ! "r & protect+ ! good f ! wick$4 ,all ! revolutions 9 hi/ory are only examples ( ! m wick$ seiz+ p[] & oppress+ ! good4 ,9 decl>+ t if _! au?ority did n exi/ ! m wick$ w\ld oppress ! good1 ! rul+ au?orities only %[ _! dis9cl9ation to let o!r oppressors come to p[] :o w\ld l to snat* x f !m4 ,b 9 ass]t+ ?is !y only accuse !mselves4 ,!y say t _! p[]1 i4 e41 viol5ce1 is ne$$ to def5d m5 f o!r possible oppressors 9 ! pres5t or ! future4#af #af ,i may quote 9 ?is connection ! amaz+ly naive & comic decl>ation ( ! ,russian au?orities1 ! oppressors ( o!r nationalities--! ,poles1 ! ,g]mans ( ! ,baltic prov9ces1 & ! ,jews4 ,! ,russian ,gov]nm5t has oppress$ its subjects = c5turies1 & has nev] tr\bl$ itself ab\t ! ,little ,russians ( ,pol&1 or ! ,letts ( ! ,baltic prov9ces1 or ! ,russian peasants1 exploit$ by ev]yone4 ,& n[ x has all ( a sudd5 become ! *ampion ( ! oppress$--! v oppress$ :om x is itself oppress+4 ,! weakness ( ! use ( viol5ce lies 9 ! fact t all ! argum5ts br\ght =w>d by oppressors 9 _! own def5se c ) ev5 bett] reason be advanc$ aga9/ !m4 ,!y plead ! dang] ( viol5ce--mo/ (t5 imag9$ 9 ! future--b !y are all ! :ile cont9u+ to practice actual viol5ce !mselves4 ,y say t m5 us$ to pillage & murd] 9 ! pa/1 & t y are afraid t !y w pillage & murd] "o ano!r if y\r p[] 7 no m4 ,t may happ5--or x may n happ54 ,b ! fact t y ru9 ?\s&s ( m5 9 prisons1 =tresses1 galleys1 & exile1 break up millions ( families & ru9 millions ( m51 physically z well z morally1 9 ! army1 t fact is n an imag9>y b a real act ( viol5ce1 :i*1 accord+ to y\r own argum5t1 "o ought to oppose by viol5ce4 ,& s y are y\rselves ^! wick$ m5 aga9/ :om1 accord+ to y\r own argum5t1 x is absolutely necess>y to use viol5ce1 ! oppress$ are sure to say to _! oppressors4 ,& non-,*ri/ian m5 always d say1 & ?9k & act on ?is reason+4 ,if ! oppress$ are m wick$ ?an _! oppressors1 !y attack !m & try to ov]?r[ !m2 & 9 favorable circum/ances !y succe$ 9 ov]?r[+ !m1 or :at is m common1 !y rise into ! ranks ( ! oppressors & assi/ 9 _! acts ( viol5ce4 ,s t ! v viol5ce :i* ! *ampions ( gov]nm5t hold up z a t]ror--pret5d+ t except = its oppressive p[] ! wick$ w\ld oppress ! good--has really always exi/$ & w exi/ 9 human society4 ,& !re=e ! suppression ( /ate viol5ce _c 9 any case be ! cause ( increas$ oppression ( ! good by ! wick$4 ,if /ate viol5ce ceas$1 !re w\ld be acts ( viol5ce p]haps on ! "p ( diff]5t p1 o!r ?an ^? :o _h done de$s ( viol5ce be=e4 ,b ! total am\nt ( viol5ce c\ld n 9 any case be increas$ by ! m]e fact ( p[] pass+ f "o set ( m5 to ano!r4 ,/ate viol5ce c only cease :5 !re are no m wick$ m5 9 society1 say ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 assum+ 9 ?is ( c\rse t s9ce !re w always be wick$ m51 x c nev] cease4 ,& t w\ld be "r en\gh if x 7 ! case1 z !y assume1 t ! oppressors are always ! be/ ( m51 & t ! sole means ( sav+ m5 f evil is by viol5ce4 ,!n1 inde$1 viol5ce c\ld nev] cease4 ,b s9ce ?is is n ! case1 b q ! contr>y1 t x is n ! bett] oppress ! worse1 b ! worse oppress ! bett]1 & s9ce viol5ce w nev] put an end to evil1 & !re is1 moreov]1 ano!r means ( putt+ an end to x1 ! ass]tion t viol5ce w nev] cease is incorrect4 ,! use ( viol5ce gr[s less & less & evid5tly mu/ disappe>4 ,b ?is w n come to pass1 z "s *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord] imag9e1 ?r\gh ! oppress$ becom+ bett] & bett] "u ! influ5ce ( gov]nm5t 7on ! contr>y1 its influ5ce causes _! cont9ual degradation71 b ?r\gh ! fact t all m5 are con/antly gr[+ bett] & bett] ( !mselves1 s t ev5 ! mo/ wick$1 :o are 9 p[]1 w become less & less wick$1 till at la/ !y are s good z to be incapable ( us+ viol5ce4 ,! progressive movem5t ( humanity does n proce$ f ! bett] elem5ts 9 society seiz+ p[] & mak+ ^? :o are subject to !m bett]1 by =cible means1 z bo? cons]vatives & revolutioni/s imag9e4 ,x proce$s fir/ & pr9cipally f ! fact t all m5 9 g5]al are advanc+ /eadily & undeviat+ly t[>d a m & m consci\s assimilation ( ! ,*ri/ian !ory ( life2 & secondly1 f ! fact t1 ev5 ap>t f consci\s spiritual life1 m5 are unconsci\sly br\ght into a m ,*ri/ian attitude to life by ! v process ( "o set ( m5 grasp+ ! p[]1 & aga9 be+ replac$ by o!rs4 ,! worse elem5ts ( society1 ga9+ possession ( p[]1 "u ! sob]+ influ5ce :i* always accompanies p[]1 gr[ less & less cruel1 & become incapable ( us+ cruel =ms ( viol5ce4 ,consequ5tly o!rs are able to seize _! place1 & ! same process ( s(t5+ &1 s to say1 unconsci\s ,*ri/ianiz+ goes on ) !m4 ,x is some?+ l ! process ( ebullition4 ,! majority ( m51 hav+ ! non-,*ri/ian view ( life1 always /rive = p[] & /ruggle to obta9 x4 ,9 ?is /ruggle ! mo/ cruel1 ! co>se/1 ! lea/ ,*ri/ian elem5ts ( society ov]p[] ! mo/ g5tle1 well-dispos$1 & ,*ri/ian1 & rise by means ( _! viol5ce to ! upp] ranks ( society4 ,& 9 !m is ,*ri/'s prophecy fulfill$3 ,woe to y t are ri*6 woe unto y t are full6 woe unto y :5 all m5 %all speak well ( y6 ,= ! m5 :o are 9 possession ( p[] & all t results f x--glory & weal?--& h atta9$ ! v>i\s aims !y set be=e !mselves1 recognize ! vanity ( x all & return to ! position f :i* !y came4 ,*>les ,v41 ,john ,,iv41 ,alex&] ,i41 recogniz+ ! empt9ess & ! evil ( p[]1 r5\nc$ x because !y 7 incapable ( us+ viol5ce = _! own b5efit z !y _h done4 ,b !y are n ! solit>y examples ( ?is recognition ( ! empt9ess & evil ( p[]4 ,ev]yone :o ga9s a position ( p[] he has /riv5 =1 e g5]al1 e m9i/]1 e millionaire1 e petty (ficial :o has ga9$ ! place he has covet$ = t5 ye>s1 e ri* peasant :o has laid by "s hundr$ rubles1 passes ?r\gh ?is unconsci\s process ( s(t5+4 ,& n only individual m51 b societies ( m51 :ole nations1 pass ?r\gh ?is process4 ,! s$uctions ( p[]1 & all ! weal?1 honor1 & luxury x gives1 seem a suffici5t aim = m5's ef=ts only s long z !y are unatta9$4 ,directly a man rea*es !m he sees all _! vanity1 & !y gradually lose all _! p[] ( attraction4 ,!y are l cl\ds :i* h =m & beauty only f ! di/ance2 directly "o asc5ds into !m1 all _! spl5dor vani%es4 ,m5 :o are 9 possession ( p[] & weal?1 sometimes ev5 ^? :o h ga9$ = !mselves _! p[] & weal?1 b m (t5 _! heirs1 cease to be s eag] = p[]1 & s cruel 9 _! ef=ts to obta9 x4 ,hav+ le>nt by exp]i5ce1 "u ! op]ation ( ,*ri/ian influ5ce1 ! vanity ( all t is ga9$ by viol5ce1 m5 sometimes 9 "o1 sometimes 9 sev]al g5]ations lose ! vices :i* are g5]at$ by ! passion = p[] & weal?4 ,!y become less cruel & s _c ma9ta9 _! position1 & are expell$ f p[] by o!rs less ,*ri/ian & m wick$4 ,?us !y return to a rank ( society l[] 9 position1 b high] 9 morality1 rais+ !reby ! av]age level ( ,*ri/ian consci\sness 9 m54 ,b directly aft] !m aga9 ! wor/1 co>se/1 lea/ ,*ri/ian elem5ts ( society rise to ! top1 & are subject$ to ! same process z _! pr$ecessors1 & aga9 9 a g5]ation or s1 see+ ! vanity ( :at is ga9$ by viol5ce1 & hav+ imbib$ ,*ri/ianity1 !y come d[n aga9 among ! oppress$1 & _! place is aga9 fill$ by new oppressors1 less brutal ?an =m] oppressors1 ?\gh m s ?an ^? !y oppress4 ,s t1 al?\gh p[] rema9s ext]nally ! same z x 01 ) e *ange ( ! m5 9 p[] !re is a con/ant increase ( ! numb] ( m5 :o h be5 br\ght by exp]i5ce to ! necessity ( assimilat+ ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 & ) e *ange--?\gh x is ! co>se/1 cruele/1 & lea/ ,*ri/ian :o come into possession ( p[]1 !y are less co>se & cruel & m ,*ri/ian ?an _! pr$ecessors :5 !y ga9$ possession ( p[]4 ,p[] selects & attracts ! wor/ elem5ts ( society1 trans=ms !m1 improves & s(t5s !m1 & returns !m to society4 ,su* is ! process by means ( :i* ,*ri/ianity1 9 spite ( ! h9drances to human progress result+ f ! viol5ce ( p[]1 ga9s m & m hold ( m54 ,*ri/ianity p5etrates to ! consci\sness ( m51 n only 9 spite ( ! viol5ce ( p[]1 b also by means ( x4 ,& !re=e ! ass]tion ( ! *ampions ( ! /ate1 t if ! p[] ( gov]nm5t 7 suppress$ ! wick$ w\ld oppress ! good1 n only fails to %[ t t is to be dread$1 s9ce x is j :at happ5s n[1 b proves1 on ! contr>y1 t x is gov]nm5tal p[] :i* enables ! wick$ to oppress ! good1 & is ! evil mo/ desirable to suppress1 & t x is be+ gradually suppress$ 9 ! natural c\rse ( ?+s4 ,b if x be true t gov]nm5tal p[] w disappe> :5 ^? 9 p[] become s ,*ri/ian t !y r5\nce p[] ( _! own accord1 & !re are no m5 f\nd will+ to take _! place1 & ev5 if ?is process is already go+ on1 say ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord]1 :5 w t come to pass8 ,if1 aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 !re are /ill s _m eag] = p[]1 & s few anxi\s to obey1 !re seems no likelihood ( its happ5+ v soon--or inde$ ( its ev] happ5+ at all4 ,ev5 if !re are1 z !re h always be51 "s m5 :o pref] r5\nc+ p[] to enjoy+ x1 ! mass ( m5 9 res]ve1 :o pref] dom9ion to subjection1 is s great t x is difficult to imag9e a "t :5 ! numb] w be exhau/$4 ,be=e ?is ,*ri/ianiz+ process c\ld s affect all m5 "o aft] ano!r t !y w\ld pass f ! hea!n to ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life1 & w\ld volunt>ily ab&on p[] & weal?1 x w\ld be necess>y t all ! co>se1 half-savage m51 completely incapable ( appreciat+ ,*ri/ianity or act+ ^u x1 ( :om !re are always a great _m 9 e ,*ri/ian society1 %\ld be conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,m ?an ?is1 all ! savage & absolutely non-,*ri/ian peoples1 :o are s num]\s outside ! ,*ri/ian _w1 mu/ also be conv]t$4 ,& !re=e1 ev5 if we admit t ?is ,*ri/ianiz+ process w "s day affect ev]yone1 /ill1 judg+ by ! am\nt ( progress x has made 9 eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 x w be _m times eighte5 c5turies be=e x w d s4 ,& x is !re=e impossible & unpr(itable to ?9k at pres5t ( any?+ s impracticable z ! suppression ( au?ority4 ,we ought only to try to put au?ority into ! be/ h&s4 ,& ?is criticism w\ld be p]fectly j1 if ! transition f "o conception ( life to ano!r 7 only accompli%$ by ! s+le process ( all m51 sep>ately & successively1 realiz+1 ea* = himself1 ! empt9ess ( p[]1 & rea*+ ,*ri/ian tru? by ! inn] spiritual pa?4 ,t process goes on unceas+ly1 & m5 are pass+ ov] to ,*ri/ianity "o aft] ano!r by ?is inn] way4 ,b !re is also ano!r ext]nal means by :i* m5 rea* ,*ri/ianity & by :i* ! transition is less gradual4 ,?is transition f "o organization ( life to ano!r is n accompli%$ by degrees l ! s& runn+ ?r\gh ! h\rglass gra9 aft] gra94 ,x is m l ! wat] fill+ a vessel float+ on wat]4 ,at fir/ ! wat] only runs 9 sl[ly on "o side1 b z ! vessel gr[s heavi] x sudd5ly beg9s to s9k1 & almo/ in/antane\sly fills ) wat]4 ,x is j ! same ) ! transitions ( mank9d f "o conception--& s f "o organization ( life--to ano!r4 ,at fir/ only gradually & sl[ly1 "o aft] ano!r1 m5 atta9 to ! new tru? by ! inn] spiritual way1 & foll[ x out 9 life4 ,b :5 a c]ta9 po9t 9 ! diffusion ( ! tru? has be5 rea*$1 x is sudd5ly assimilat$ by ev]yone1 n by ! inn] way1 b1 z x 71 involunt>ily4 ,t is :y ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord] are wrong 9 argu+ t1 s9ce only a small section ( mank9d has pass$ ov] to ,*ri/ianity 9 eighte5 c5turies1 x mu/ be _m times eighte5 c5turies be=e all ! rema9d] d ! same4 ,= 9 t argum5t !y d n take into acc\nt any o!r means1 besides ! inw>d spiritual "o1 by :i* m5 assimilate a new tru? & pass f "o ord] ( life to ano!r4 ,m5 d n only assimilate a tru? ?r\gh recogniz+ x by prophetic insight1 or by exp]i5ce ( life4 ,:5 ! tru? has become suffici5tly widely diffus$1 m5 at a l[] /age ( developm5t accept x all at once simply ?r\gh confid5ce 9 ^? :o h rea*$ x by ! inn] spiritual way1 & are apply+ x to life4 ,e new tru?1 by :i* ! ord] ( human life is *ang$ & humanity is advanc$1 is at fir/ accept$ by only a v small numb] ( m5 :o und]/& x ?r\gh inn] spiritual intuition4 ,! rema9d] ( mank9d :o accept$ on tru/ ! prec$+ tru? on :i* ! exi/+ ord] is bas$1 are always oppos$ to ! diffusion ( ! new tru?4 ,b see+ t1 to beg9 )1 m5 d n /& /ill1 b are /eadily advanc+ to a great] recognition ( ! tru? & a clos] adaptation ( _! life to x1 & secondly1 all m5 9 v>y+ degrees accord+ to _! age1 _! education1 & _! race are capable ( und]/&+ ! new tru?s1 at fir/ ^? :o are ne>e/ to ! m5 :o h atta9$ ! new tru? by spiritual intuition1 sl[ly & "o by "o1 b aft]w>d m & m quickly1 pass ov] to ! new tru?4 ,?us ! numb] ( m5 :o accept ! new tru? becomes great] & great]1 & ! tru? becomes m & m compreh5sible4 ,& ?us m confid5ce is ar\s$ 9 ! rema9d]1 :o are at a less advanc$ /age ( capacity = und]/&+ ! tru?4 ,& x becomes easi] = !m to grasp x1 & an increas+ numb] accept x4 ,& s ! movem5t goes on m & m quickly1 & on an ev]-increas+ scale1 l a sn[ball1 till at la/ a public op9ion 9 h>mony ) ! new tru? is creat$1 & !n ! :ole mass ( m5 is c>ri$ ov] all at once by its mom5tum to ! new tru? & e/abli%es a new social ord] 9 accordance ) x4 ,^? m5 :o accept a new tru? :5 x has ga9$ a c]ta9 degree ( acceptance1 always pass ov] all at once 9 masses4 ,!y are l ! balla/ ) :i* e %ip is always load$1 at once to keep x upright & enable x to sail prop]ly4 ,if !re 7 no balla/1 ! %ip w\ld n be l[ en\gh 9 ! wat]1 & w\ld %ift its position at ! slighte/ *ange 9 its conditions4 ,?is balla/1 :i* /rikes "o at fir/ z sup]flu\s & ev5 z h9d]+ ! progress ( ! vessel1 is really indisp5sable to its good navigation4 ,x is ! same ) ! mass ( mank9d1 :o n individually1 b always 9 a mass1 "u ! influ5ce ( a new social idea pass all at once f "o organization ( life to ano!r4 ,?is mass always h9d]s1 by its in]tia1 frequ5t & rapid revolutions 9 ! social ord] :i* h n be5 suffici5tly prov$ by human exp]i5ce4 ,& x delays e tru? a long :ile till x has /ood ! te/ ( prolong$ /ruggles1 & has ?or\ghly p]meat$ ! consci\sness ( humanity4 ,& t is :y x is a mi/ake to say t because only a v small m9ority ( m5 has assimilat$ ,*ri/ianity 9 eighte5 c5turies1 x mu/ take _m times z _m c5turies = all mank9d to assimilate x1 & t s9ce t "t is s f> (f1 we :o live 9 ! pres5t ne$ n ev5 ?9k ab\t x4 ,x is a mi/ake1 because ! m5 at a l[] /age ( culture1 ! m5 & ! nations :o are repres5t$ z ! ob/acle to ! realization ( ! ,*ri/ian ord] ( life1 are ! v p :o always pass ov] 9 masses all at once to any tru? t has once be5 recogniz$ by public op9ion4 ,& !re=e ! trans=mation ( human life1 ?r\gh :i* m5 9 p[] w r5\nce x1 & !re w be none anxi\s to take _! place1 w n come only by all m5 consci\sly & sep>ately assimilat+ ! ,*ri/ian conception ( life4 ,x w come :5 a ,*ri/ian public op9ion has aris51 s def9ite & easily compreh5sible z to rea* ! :ole ( ! in]t mass1 :i* is n able to atta9 tru? by its own intuition1 & !re=e is always "u ! sway ( public op9ion4 ,public op9ion arises spontane\sly & spreads = hundr$s & ?\s&s ( ye>s1 b x has ! p[] ( work+ on m5 by infection1 & ) great rapidity ga9s a hold on great numb]s ( m54 ,b1 say ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord]1 ev5 if x is true t public op9ion1 :5 x has atta9$ a c]ta9 degree ( def9it5ess & precision1 c conv]t ! in]t mass ( m5 outside ! ,*ri/ian _w--! non-,*ri/ian races--z well z ! co>se & deprav$ :o are liv+ 9 its mid/1 :at pro(s h we t ?is ,*ri/ian public op9ion has aris5 & is able to replace =ce & r5d] x unnecess>y4 ,we mu/ n give up =ce1 by :i* ! exi/+ ord] is ma9ta9$1 & by rely+ on ! vague & impalpable influ5ce ( public op9ion expose ,*ri/ians to ! risk ( be+ pillag$1 murd]$1 & outrag$ 9 e way by ! savages inside & outside ( civiliz$ society4 ,s9ce1 ev5 support$ by ! use ( =ce1 we c h>dly control ! non-,*ri/ian elem5ts :i* are always ready to p\r d[n on u & to de/roy all t has be5 ga9$ by civilization1 is x likely t public op9ion c\ld take ! place ( =ce & r5d] u secure8 ,& besides1 h[ are we to f9d ! mom5t :5 public op9ion has become /rong en\gh to be able to replace ! use ( =ce8 ,to reject ! use ( =ce & tru/ to public op9ion to def5d u w\ld be z insane z to remove all weapons ( def5se 9 a m5ag]ie1 & !n to let loose all ! lions & tig]s1 rely+ on ! fact t ! animals seem$ peaceable :5 kept 9 _! cages & held 9 *eck by r$-hot irons4 ,& !re=e p 9 p[]1 :o h be5 put 9 positions ( au?ority by fate or by ,god1 h n ! "r to run ! risk1 ru9+ all t has be5 ga9$ by civilization1 j because !y want to try an exp]im5t to see :e!r public op9ion is or is n able to replace ! protection giv5 by au?ority4 ,a ,fr5* writ]1 =gott5 n[1 ,alphonse ,k>r1 said some:]e1 try+ to %[ ! impossibility ( do+ away ) ! dea? p5alty3 ,que messieurs les assass9s comm5c5t p> n\s donn] l'exemple4 ,(t5 h ,i he>d ?is bon mot repeat$ by m5 :o ?\ght t ^! words 7 a witty & conv9c+ argum5t aga9/ ! abolition ( capital puni%m5t4 ,& yet all ! errone\sness ( ! argum5t ( ^? :o consid] t gov]nm5ts _c give up ! use ( =ce till all p are capable ( do+ ! same1 c\ld n be m cle>ly express$ ?an x is 9 t epigram4 ,let ! murd]]s1 say ! *ampions ( /ate viol5ce1 set u ! example by giv+ up murd] & !n we w give x up4 ,b ! murd]]s say j ! same1 only ) mu* m "r4 ,!y say3 ,let ^? :o h und]tak5 to tea* u & guide u set u ! example ( giv+ up legal murd]1 & !n we w imitate !m4 ,& !y say ?is1 n z a je/1 b s]i\sly1 because x is ! actual /ate ( ! case4 ,we _c give up ! use ( viol5ce1 because we are surr\nd$ by viol5t ruffians4 ,no?+ 9 our days h9d]s ! progress ( humanity & ! e/abli%m5t ( ! organization correspond+ to its pres5t developm5t m ?an ?is false reason+4 ,^? 9 au?ority are conv9c$ t m5 are only guid$ & only progress ?r\gh ! use ( =ce1 & !re=e !y confid5tly make use ( x to support ! exi/+ organization4 ,! exi/+ ord] is ma9ta9$1 n by =ce1 b by public op9ion1 ! action ( :i* is di/urb$ by ! use ( =ce4 ,s t ! effect ( us+ =ce is to di/urb & to weak5 ! v ?+ x tries to ma9ta94 ,viol5ce1 ev5 9 ! mo/ favorable case1 :5 x is n us$ simply = "s p]sonal aims ( ^? 9 p[]1 always puni%es "u ! "o inela/ic =mula ( ! law :at has long be=e be5 condemn$ by public op9ion4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce1 t :ile public op9ion c5sures & condemns all ! acts oppos$ to ! moral law1 includ+ ! mo/ v>i$ cases 9 its reprobation1 ! law :i* re/s on viol5ce only condemns & puni%es a c]ta9 v limit$ range ( acts1 & by s do+ seems to ju/ify all o!r acts ( ! same k9d :i* d n come "u its scope4 ,public op9ion ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,moses has reg>d$ covet\sness1 pr(ligacy1 & cruelty z wrong1 & c5sur$ !m accord+ly4 ,& x condemns e k9d ( manife/ation ( covet\sness1 n only ! appropriation ( ! prop]ty ( o!rs by =ce or fraud or trick]y1 b ev5 ! cruel abuse ( weal?2 x condemns e =m ( pr(ligacy1 :e!r ) concub9e1 slave1 divorc$ woman1 or ev5 "o's own wife2 x condemns e k9d ( cruelty1 :e!r %[n 9 bl[s1 9 ill-treatm5t1 or 9 murd]1 n only ( m51 b ev5 ( animals4 ,! law re/+ on =ce only puni%es c]ta9 =ms ( covet\sness1 su* z robb]y & sw9dl+1 c]ta9 =ms ( pr(ligacy & cruelty1 su* z conjugal infidelity1 murd]1 & w\nd+4 ,& 9 ?is way x seems to c\nt5ance all ! manife/ations ( covet\sness1 pr(ligacy1 & cruelty :i* d n come "u its n>r[ def9ition4 ,b besides corrupt+ public op9ion1 ! use ( =ce leads m5 to ! fatal conviction t !y progress1 n ?r\gh ! spiritual impulse :i* impels !m to ! atta9m5t ( tru? & its realization 9 life1 & :i* con/itutes ! only s\rce ( e progressive movem5t ( humanity1 b by means ( viol5ce1 ! v =ce :i*1 f> f lead+ m5 to tru?1 always c>ries !m fur!r away f x4 ,?is is a fatal error1 because x leads m5 to neglect ! *ief =ce und]ly+ _! life--_! spiritual activity--& to turn all _! att5tion & en]gy to ! use ( viol5ce1 :i* is sup]ficial1 sluggi%1 & mo/ g5]ally p]nici\s 9 its action4 ,!y make ! same mi/ake z m5 :o1 try+ to set a /eam eng9e 9 motion1 %\ld turn its :eels r\nd ) _! h&s1 n suspect+ t ! und]ly+ cause ( its movem5t 0 ! expansion ( ! /eam1 & n ! motion ( ! :eels4 ,by turn+ ! :eels by h& & by lev]s !y c\ld only produce a semblance ( movem5t1 & meantime !y w\ld be wr5*+ ! :eels & s prev5t+ _! be+ fit = real movem5t4 ,t is j :at p are do+ :o ?9k to make m5 advance by means ( ext]nal =ce4 ,!y say t ! ,*ri/ian life _c be e/abli%$ )\t ! use ( viol5ce1 because !re are savage races outside ! pale ( ,*ri/ian societies 9 ,africa & 9 ,asia 7!re are "s :o ev5 repres5t ! ,*9ese z a dang] to civilization71 & t 9 ! mid/ ( ,*ri/ian societies !re are savage1 corrupt1 &1 accord+ to ! new !ory ( h]$ity1 cong5ital crim9als4 ,& viol5ce1 !y say1 is necess>y to keep savages & crim9als f annihilat+ our civilization4 ,b ^! savages )9 & )\t ,*ri/ian society1 :o are su* a t]ror to u1 h nev] be5 subjugat$ by viol5ce1 & are n subjugat$ by x n[4 ,nations h nev] subjugat$ o!r nations by viol5ce alone4 ,if a nation :i* subjugat$ ano!r 0 on a l[] level ( civilization1 x has nev] happ5$ t x succe$$ 9 introduc+ its organization ( life by viol5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 always =c$ to adopt ! organization ( life exi/+ 9 ! conqu]$ nation4 ,if ev] any ( ! nations conqu]$ by =ce h be5 really subjugat$1 or ev5 ne>ly s1 x has always be5 by ! action ( public op9ion1 & nev] by viol5ce1 :i* only t5ds to drive a p to fur!r rebellion4 ,:5 :ole nations h be5 subjugat$ by a new religion1 & h become ,*ri/ian or ,mohamm$an1 su* a conv]sion has nev] be5 br\ght ab\t because ! au?orities made x obligatory 7on ! contr>y1 viol5ce has mu* (t5] act$ 9 ! opposite direction71 b because public op9ion made su* a *ange inevitable4 ,nations1 on ! contr>y1 :o h be5 driv5 by =ce to accept ! fai? ( _! conqu]ors h always rema9$ antagoni/ic to x4 ,x is j ! same ) ! savage elem5ts exi/+ 9 ! mid/ ( our civiliz$ societies4 ,nei!r ! increas$ nor ! dim9i%$ sev]ity ( puni%m5t1 nor ! modifications ( prisons1 nor ! increase ( police w increase or dim9i% ! numb] ( crim9als4 ,_! numb] w only be dim9i%$ by ! *ange ( ! moral /&>d ( society4 ,no sev]ities c\ld put an end to duels & v5dettas 9 c]ta9 di/ricts4 ,9 spite ( ! numb] ( ,t*]kesses execut$ = robb]y1 !y cont9ue to be robb]s f _! y\? up1 = no maid5 w m>ry a ,t*]kess y\? till he has giv5 pro( ( 8 brav]y by c>ry+ (f a horse1 or at lea/ a %eep4 ,if m5 cease to fight duels1 & ! ,t*]kesses cease to be robb]s1 x w n be f fe> ( puni%m5t 7inde$1 t inve/s ! crime ) additional *>m = y\?71 b ?r\gh a *ange 9 ! moral /&>d ( public op9ion4 ,x is ! same ) all o!r crimes4 ,=ce c nev] suppress :at is sanction$ by public op9ion4 ,on ! contr>y1 public op9ion ne$ only be 9 direct opposition to =ce to neutralize ! :ole effect ( ! use ( =ce4 ,x has always be5 s & always w be 9 e case ( m>tyrdom4 ,:at w\ld happ5 if =ce 7 n us$ aga9/ ho/ile nations & ! crim9al elem5ts ( society we d n "k4 ,b we d "k by prolong$ exp]i5ce t nei!r enemies nor crim9als h be5 successfully suppress$ by =ce4 ,& inde$ h[ c\ld nations be subjugat$ by viol5ce :o are l$ by _! :ole education1 _! traditions1 & ev5 _! religion to see ! l(tie/ virtue 9 w>r+ ) _! oppressors & fight+ = fre$om8 ,& h[ are we to suppress by =ce acts committ$ 9 ! mid/ ( our society :i* are reg>d$ z crimes by ! gov]nm5t & z d>+ exploits by ! p8 ,to ext]m9ate su* nations & su* crim9als by viol5ce is possible1 & inde$ is done1 b to subdue !m is impossible4 ,! sole guide :i* directs m5 & nations has always be5 & is ! unse51 intangible1 und]ly+ =ce1 ! resultant ( all ! spiritual =ces ( a c]ta9 p1 or ( all humanity1 :i* f9ds its outw>d expression 9 public op9ion4 ,! use ( viol5ce only weak5s ?is =ce1 h9d]s x & corrupts x1 & tries to replace x by ano!r :i*1 f> f be+ conducive to ! progress ( humanity1 is detrim5tal to x4 ,to br+ "u ! sway ( ,*ri/ianity all ! savage nations outside ! pale ( ! ,*ri/ian _w--all ! ,zulus1 ,m&*oos1 & ,*9ese1 :om _m reg>d z savages--& ! savages :o live 9 our mid/1 !re is only "o means4 ,t means is ! propagation among ^! nations ( ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( society1 :i* c only be realiz$ by a ,*ri/ian life1 ,*ri/ian actions1 & ,*ri/ian examples4 ,& mean:ile1 ?\gh ?is is ! "o only means ( ga9+ a hold ov] ! p :o h rema9$ non-,*ri/ian1 ! m5 ( our day set to "w 9 ! directly opposite fa%ion to atta9 ?is result4 ,to br+ "u ! sway ( ,*ri/ianity savage nations :o d n attack u & :om we h !re=e no excuse = oppress+1 we ought be=e all ?+s to leave !m 9 peace1 & 9 case we ne$ or wi% to ent] into clos] relations ) !m1 we ought only to influ5ce !m by ,*ri/ian mann]s & ,*ri/ian tea*+1 sett+ !m ! example ( ! ,*ri/ian virtues ( pati5ce1 meekness1 endurance1 purity1 bro!rhood1 & love4 ,in/ead ( t we beg9 by e/abli%+ among !m new m>kets = our comm]ce1 ) ! sole aim ( our own pr(it2 !n we appropriate _! l&s1 i4 e41 rob !m2 !n we sell !m spirits1 tobacco1 & opium1 i4 e41 corrupt !m2 !n we e/abli% our morals among !m1 tea* !m ! use ( viol5ce & new me?ods ( de/ruction1 i4 e41 we tea* !m no?+ b ! animal law ( /rife1 bel[ :i* man _c s9k1 & we d all we c to conceal f !m all t is ,*ri/ian 9 u4 ,aft] ?is we s5d "s doz5s ( mission>ies prat+ to !m ( ! hypocritical absurdities ( ! ,*ur*1 & !n quote ! failure ( our ef=ts to turn ! hea!n to ,*ri/ianity z an incontrov]tible pro( ( ! impossibility ( apply+ ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity 9 practical life4 ,x is j ! same ) ! s-call$ crim9als liv+ 9 our mid/4 ,to br+ ^! p "u ! sway ( ,*ri/ianity !re is "o only means1 t is1 ! ,*ri/ian social ideal1 :i* c only be realiz$ among !m by true ,*ri/ian tea*+ & support$ by a true example ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,& to prea* ?is ,*ri/ian tru? & to support x by ,*ri/ian example we set up among !m prisons1 guillot9es1 gall[s1 prep>ations = murd]2 we diffuse among ! common h]d idolatr\s sup]/itions to /upefy !m2 we sell !m spirits1 tobacco1 & opium to brutalize !m2 we ev5 organize legaliz$ pro/itution2 we give l& to ^? :o d n ne$ x2 we make a display ( s5seless luxury 9 ! mid/ ( suff]+ pov]ty2 we de/roy ! possibility ( any?+ l a ,*ri/ian public op9ion1 & /udi\sly try to suppress :at ,*ri/ian public op9ion is exi/+4 ,& !n1 aft] hav+ ourselves assidu\sly corrupt$ m51 we %ut !m up l wild bea/s 9 places f :i* !y _c escape1 & :]e !y become /ill m brutaliz$1 or else we kill !m4 ,& ^! v m5 :om we h corrupt$ & brutaliz$ by e means1 we br+ =w>d z a pro( t "o _c deal ) crim9als except by brute =ce4 ,we are j l ignorant doctors :o put a man1 recov]+ f illness by ! =ce ( nature1 into ! mo/ unfavorable conditions ( hygi5e1 & dose him ) ! mo/ delet]i\s drugs1 & !n ass]t triumphantly t _! hygi5e & _! drugs sav$ 8 life1 :5 ! pati5t w\ld h be5 well long be=e if !y _h left him alone4 ,viol5ce1 :i* is held up z ! means ( support+ ! ,*ri/ian organization ( life1 n only fails to produce t effect1 x ev5 h9d]s ! social organization ( life f be+ :at x might & ought to be4 ,! social organization is z good z x is n z a result ( =ce1 b 9 spite ( x4 ,& !re=e ! *ampions ( ! exi/+ ord] are mi/ak5 9 argu+ t s9ce1 ev5 ) ! aid ( =ce1 ! bad & non-,*ri/ian elem5ts ( humanity c h>dly be kept f attack+ u1 ! abolition ( ! use ( =ce & ! sub/itution ( public op9ion = x w\ld leave humanity q unprotect$4 ,!y are mi/ak51 because =ce does n protect humanity1 b1 on ! contr>y1 deprives x ( ! only possible means ( really protect+ itself1 t is1 ! e/abli%m5t & diffusion ( a ,*ri/ian public op9ion4 ,only by ! suppression ( viol5ce w a ,*ri/ian public op9ion cease to be corrupt$1 & be enabl$ to be diffus$ )\t h9drance1 & m5 w !n turn _! ef=ts 9 ! spiritual direction by :i* alone !y c advance4 ,b h[ are we to ca/ (f ! visible tangible protection ( an arm$ policeman1 & tru/ to some?+ s intangible z public op9ion8 ,does x yet exi/8 ,moreov]1 ! condition ( ?+s 9 :i* we are liv+ n[1 we "k1 good or bad2 we "k its %ortcom+s & are us$ to x1 we "k :at to d1 & h[ to behave "u pres5t conditions4 ,b :at w happ5 :5 we give x up & tru/ ourselves to some?+ invisible & intangible1 & altoge!r unkn[n8 ,! unkn[n _w on :i* !y are ent]+ 9 r5\nc+ _! habitual ways ( life appe>s itself z dreadful to !m4 ,x is all v well to dread ! unkn[n :5 our habitual position is s\nd & secure4 ,b our position is s f> f be+ secure t we "k1 beyond all d\bt1 t we are /&+ on ! br9k ( a precipice4 ,if we mu/ be afraid let u be afraid ( :at is really al>m+1 & n :at we imag9e z al>m+4 ,fe>+ to make ! ef=t to deta* ourselves f our p]il\s position because ! future is n fully cle> to u1 we are l pass5g]s 9 a f\nd]+ %ip :o1 ?r\gh be+ afraid to tru/ !mselves to ! boat :i* w\ld c>ry !m to ! %ore1 %ut !mselves up 9 ! cab9 & refuse to come out ( x2 or l %eep1 :o1 t]rifi$ by _! b>n be+ on fire1 huddle 9 a corn] & d n g out ( ! wide-op5 door4 ,we are /&+ on ! ?re%old ( ! murd]\s w> ( social revolution1 t]rific 9 its mis]ies1 beside :i*1 z ^? :o are prep>+ x tell u1 ! horrors ( #agic w be *ild's play4 ,& c we talk ( ! dang] ?reat5+ u f ! w>riors ( ,dahomey1 ! ,zulus1 & su*1 :o live s f> away & are n dream+ ( attack+ u1 & f "s ?\s&s ( sw9dl]s1 ?ieves1 & murd]]s1 brutaliz$ & corrupt$ by ourselves1 ^: numb] is 9 no way less5$ by all our s5t5ces1 prisons1 & executions8 ,moreov] ?is dread ( ! suppression ( ! visible protection ( ! policeman is ess5tially a s5tim5t ( t[nspeople1 t is1 ( p :o are liv+ 9 abnormal & artificial conditions4 ,p liv+ 9 natural conditions ( life1 n 9 t[ns1 b 9 ! mid/ ( nature1 & c>ry+ on ! /ruggle ) nature1 live )\t ?is protection & "k h[ little =ce c protect u f ! real dang]s ) :i* we are surr\nd$4 ,!re is some?+ sickly 9 ?is dread1 :i* is ess5tially dep5d5t on ! artificial conditions 9 :i* _m ( u live & h be5 br\ght up4 ,a doctor1 a speciali/ 9 insanity1 told a /ory t "o summ] day :5 he 0 leav+ ! asylum1 ! lunatics accompani$ him to ! /reet door4 ,come = a walk 9 ! t[n ) me8 ! doctor sugge/$ to !m4 ,! lunatics agre$1 & a small b& foll[$ ! doctor4 ,b ! fur!r !y proce$$ along ! /reet :]e heal?y p 7 freely mov+ ab\t1 ! m timid !y became1 & !y press$ clos] & clos] to ! doctor1 h9d]+ him f walk+4 ,at la/ !y all began to beg him to take !m back to ! asylum1 to _! mean+less b cu/om>y way ( life1 to _! keep]s1 to bl[s1 /rait wai/coats1 & solit>y cells4 ,?is is j h[ m5 ( to-day huddle 9 t]ror & draw back to _! irrational mann] ( life1 _! factories1 law c\rts1 prisons1 executions1 & w>s1 :5 ,*ri/ianity calls !m to lib]ty1 to ! free1 rational life ( ! future com+ age4 ,p ask1 ,h[ w our security be gu>ante$ :5 ! exi/+ organization is suppress$8 ,:at precisely w ! new organization be t is to replace x8 ,s long z we d n "k precisely h[ our life w be organiz$1 we w n /ir a /ep =w>d4 ,an explor] go+ to an unkn[n c\ntry might z well ask = a detail$ map ( ! c\ntry be=e he w\ld />t4 ,if a man1 be=e he pass$ f "o /age to ano!r1 c\ld "k 8 future life 9 full detail1 he w\ld h no?+ to live =4 ,x is ! same ) ! life ( humanity4 ,if x _h a programme ( ! life :i* await$ x be=e ent]+ a new /age1 x w\ld be ! sure/ sign t x 0 n liv+1 nor advanc+1 b simply rotat+ 9 ! same place4 ,! conditions ( ! new ord] ( life _c be kn[n by u because we h to create !m by our own labors4 ,t is all t life is1 to le>n ! unkn[n1 & to adapt our actions to ?is new k4 ,t is ! life ( ea* individual man1 & t is ! life ( human societies & ( humanity4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,conception ,,( ,,life ,,has ,,already ,,aris5 ,,9 ,,our ,,society1 ,,& ,,w ,,infallibly ,,put ,,an ,,end ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,organization ,,( ,,our ,,life ,,bas$ ,,on ,,=ce--,,:5 ,,t ,,w ,,be4 ,! ,condition & ,organization ( our ,society are ,t]rible1 b !y ,re/ only on ,public ,op9ion1 & c be ,de/roy$ by x--,already ,viol5ce is ,reg>d$ f a ,diff]5t ,po9t ( ,view2 ! ,numb] ( ^? :o are ,ready to ,s]ve ! ,gov]nm5t is ,dim9i%+2 & ev5 ! ,s]vants ( ,gov]nm5t are ,a%am$ ( _! ,position1 & s (t5 ,d ,n ,p]=m _! ,duties--,^! ,facts are all ,signs ( ! ,rise ( a ,public ,op9ion1 :i* ,cont9ually ,gr[+ w ,lead to ,no ,"o be+ ,will+ to ,ent] ,gov]nm5t ,s]vice--,moreov]1 x ,becomes ,m & ,m ,evid5t t ^? ,(fices are ( ,no ,practical ,use--,m5 already ,beg9 to ,und]/& ! ,futility ( all ,in/itutions ,bas$ on ,viol5ce1 & if a ,few already ,und]/& x1 ,all w ,"o ,day ,und]/& x--,! ,day ( ,deliv]ance is ,unkn[n1 b x ,dep5ds on ,m5 ,!mselves1 on h[ f> ,ea* ,man ,lives ,accord+ to ! ,light t is 9 ,him4 ,! position ( ,*ri/ian humanity ) its prisons1 galleys1 gibbets1 its factories & accumulation ( capital1 its taxes1 *ur*es1 g9-palaces1 lic5s$ bro!ls1 its ev]-increas+ armam5t & its millions ( brutaliz$ m51 ready1 l *a9$ dogs1 to attack anyone aga9/ :om _! ma/] incites !m1 w\ld be t]rible inde$ if x 7 ! product ( viol5ce1 b x is pre-em95tly ! product ( public op9ion4 ,& :at has be5 e/abli%$ by public op9ion c be de/roy$ by public op9ion--&1 inde$1 is be+ de/roy$ by public op9ion4 ,money lavi%$ by hundr$s ( millions1 t5s ( millions ( discipl9$ troops1 weapons ( a/\nd+ de/ructive p[]1 all organizations c>ri$ to ! highe/ po9t ( p]fection1 a :ole army ( m5 *>g$ ) ! task ( delud+ & hypnotiz+ ! p1 & all ?is1 by means ( electricity :i* annihilates di/ance1 "u ! direct control ( m5 :o reg>d su* an organization ( society n only z necess>y = pr(it1 b ev5 = self-pres]vation1 & !re=e ex]t e ef=t ( _! +5uity to pres]ve x--:at an inv9cible p[] x w\ld seem6 ,& yet we ne$ only imag9e = a mom5t :at w really inevitably come to pass1 t is1 ! ,*ri/ian social /&>d replac+ ! hea!n social /&>d & e/abli%$ ) ! same p[] & univ]sality1 & ! majority ( m5 z mu* a%am$ ( tak+ any "p 9 viol5ce or 9 pr(it+ by x1 z !y are to-day ( ?iev+1 sw9dl+1 begg+1 & c[>dice2 & at once we see ! :ole ( ?is complex1 & seem+ly p[]ful organization ( society falls into ru9s ( itself )\t a /ruggle4 ,& to br+ ?is to pass1 no?+ new ne$ be br\ght be=e m5's m9ds4 ,only let ! mi/1 :i* veils f m5's eyes ! true mean+ ( c]ta9 acts ( viol5ce1 pass away1 & ! ,*ri/ian public op9ion :i* is spr++ up w\ld ov]p[] ! ext9ct public op9ion :i* p]mitt$ & ju/ifi$ acts ( viol5ce4 ,p ne$ only come to be z mu* a%am$ to d de$s ( viol5ce1 to assi/ 9 !m or to pr(it by !m1 z !y n[ are ( be+1 or be+ reput$ a sw9dl]1 a ?ief1 a c[>d1 or a begg>4 ,& already ?is *ange is beg9n+ to take place4 ,we d n notice x j z we d n notice ! movem5t ( ! e>?1 because we are mov$ toge!r ) ev]y?+ ar\nd u4 ,x is true t ! organization ( society rema9s 9 its pr9cipal features j z mu* an organization bas$ on viol5ce z x 0 "o ?\s& ye>s ago1 & ev5 9 "s respects1 especially 9 ! prep>ation = w> & 9 w> itself1 x appe>s /ill m brutal4 ,b ! ris+ ,*ri/ian ideal1 :i* mu/ at a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t replace ! hea!n ideal ( life1 already makes its influ5ce felt4 ,a dead tree /&s app>5tly z firmly z ev]--x may ev5 seem firm] because x is h>d]--b x is rott5 at ! core1 & soon mu/ fall4 ,x is j s ) ! pres5t ord] ( society1 bas$ on =ce4 ,! ext]nal aspect is un*ang$4 ,!re is ! same division ( oppressors & oppress$1 b _! view ( ! significance & dignity ( _! respective positions is no long] :at x once 04 ,! oppressors1 t is1 ^? :o take "p 9 gov]nm5t1 & ^? :o pr(it by oppression1 t is1 ! ri*1 no long] imag9e1 z !y once did1 t !y are ! elect ( ! _w1 & t !y con/itute ! ideal ( human happ9ess & greatness1 to atta9 :i* 0 once ! highe/ aim ( ! oppress$4 ,v (t5 n[ x is n ! oppress$ :o /rive to atta9 ! position ( ! oppressors1 & try to imitate !m1 b on ! contr>y ! oppressors :o volunt>ily ab&on ! advantages ( _! position1 pref] ! condition ( ! oppress$1 & try to resemble !m 9 ! simplicity ( _! life4 ,n to speak ( ! duties & occupations n[ op5ly despis$1 su* z t ( spy1 ag5t ( secret police1 money-l5d]1 & publican1 !re are a great numb] ( pr(essions =m]ly reg>d$ z honorable1 su* z ^? ( police (ficials1 c\rti]s1 judges1 & adm9i/rative function>ies1 cl]gym51 milit>y (fic]s1 speculators1 & bank]s1 :i* are no long] consid]$ desirable positions by ev]yone1 & are ev5 despis$ by a special circle ( ! mo/ respect$ p4 ,!re are already m5 :o volunt>ily ab&on ^! pr(essions :i* 7 once reckon$ irreproa*able1 & pref] less lucrative call+s :i* are 9 no way connect$ ) ! use ( =ce4 ,& !re are ev5 ri* m5 :o1 n ?r\gh religi\s s5tim5t1 b simply ?r\gh special s5sitiv5ess to ! social /&>d t is spr++ up1 rel9qui% _! inh]it$ prop]ty1 believ+ t a man c only ju/ly consume :at he has ga9$ by 8 own labor4 ,! position ( a gov]nm5t (ficial or ( a ri* man is no long]1 z x once 01 & /ill is among non-,*ri/ian peoples1 reg>d$ z necess>ily honorable & des]v+ ( respect1 & "u ! special bless+ ( ,god4 ,! mo/ delicate & moral p 7!y are g5]ally also ! mo/ cultivat$7 avoid su* positions & pref] m humble call+s t are n dep5d5t on ! use ( =ce4 ,! be/ ( our "y p1 at ! age :5 !y are /ill uncorrupt$ by life & are *oos+ a c>e]1 pref] ! call+ ( doctor1 eng9e]1 tea*]1 arti/1 writ]1 or ev5 t ( simple f>m] liv+ on 8 own labor1 to legal1 adm9i/rative1 cl]ical1 & milit>y positions 9 ! pay ( gov]nm5t1 or to an idle exi/5ce liv+ on _! incomes4 ,monum5ts & memorials 9 ^! days are mo/ly n erect$ 9 honor ( gov]nm5t dignit>ies1 or g5]als1 or /ill less ( ri* m51 b r ( arti/s1 m5 ( sci5ce1 & inv5tors1 p]sons :o h no?+ 9 common ) ! gov]nm5t1 & (t5 h ev5 be5 9 conflict ) x4 ,!y are ! m5 ^: praises are celebrat$ 9 poetry1 :o are honor$ by sculpture & receiv$ ) triumphant jubilations4 ,! be/ m5 ( our day are all /riv+ = su* places ( honor4 ,consequ5tly ! class f :i* ! weal?y & ! gov]nm5t (ficials are drawn gr[s less 9 numb] & l[] 9 intellig5ce & education1 & /ill m 9 moral qualities4 ,s t n[adays ! weal?y class & m5 at ! head ( gov]nm5t d n con/itute1 z !y did 9 =m] days1 ! lite ( society2 on ! contr>y1 !y are inf]ior to ! middle class4 ,9 ,russia & ,turkey z 9 ,am]ica & ,france1 h[ev] (t5 ! gov]nm5t *ange its (ficials1 ! majority ( !m are self-seek+ & corrupt1 ( s l[ a moral /&>d t !y d n ev5 come up ! elem5t>y requirem5ts ( common hone/y expect$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,"o may (t5 n[adays he> f p]sons 9 au?ority ! nave compla9t t ! be/ p are always1 by "s /range--z x seems to !m--fatality1 to be f\nd 9 ! camp ( ! opposition4 ,z ?\gh m5 7 to compla9 t ^? :o accept$ ! (fice ( hangman 7--by "s /range fatality--all p]sons ( v little ref9em5t or beauty ( "*4 ,! mo/ cultivat$ & ref9$ p ( our society are n n[adays to be f\nd among ! v ri*1 z us$ =m]ly to be ! rule4 ,! ri* are mo/ly co>se money grubb]s1 absorb$ only1 9 increas+ _! ho>d1 g5]ally by di%one/ means1 or else ! deg5]ate heirs ( su* money grubb]s1 :o1 f> f play+ any prom95t "p 9 society1 are mo/ly treat$ ) g5]al contempt4 ,& besides ! fact t ! class f :i* ! s]vants ( gov]nm5t & ! weal?y are drawn gr[s less 9 numb] & l[] 9 calib]1 !y no long] !mselves atta* ! same importance to _! positions z !y once did2 (t5 !y are a%am$ ( ! ignom9y ( _! call+ & d n p]=m ! duties !y are b\nd to p]=m 9 _! position4 ,k+s & emp]ors sc>cely gov]n at all2 !y sc>cely ev] decide ^u an int]nal re=m or a new dep>ture 9 =eign politics4 ,!y mo/ly leave ! decision ( su* que/ions to gov]nm5t in/itutions or to public op9ion4 ,all _! duties are r$uc$ to repres5t+ ! unity & maje/y ( gov]nm5t4 ,& ev5 ?is duty !y p]=m less & less successfully4 ,! majority ( !m d n keep up _! old unapproa*able maje/y1 b become m & m democratiz$ & ev5 vulg>iz$1 ca/+ aside ! ext]nal pre/ige t rema9$ to !m1 & !reby de/roy+ ! v ?+ x 0 _! function to ma9ta94 ,x is j ! same ) ! army4 ,milit>y (fic]s ( ! highe/ rank1 in/ead ( enc\rag+ 9 _! soldi]s ! brutality & f]ocity necess>y = _! "w1 diffuse education among ! soldi]s1 inculcate humanity1 & (t5 ev5 !mselves %>e ! sociali/ic ideas ( ! masses & d5\nce w>4 ,9 ! la/ plots aga9/ ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t _m ( ! conspirators 7 9 ! army4 ,& ! numb] ( ! disaffect$ 9 ! army is always increas+4 ,& x (t5 happ5s 7!re 0 a case1 inde$1 )9 ! la/ few days7 t :5 call$ ^u to quell di/urbances !y refuse to fire ^u ! p4 ,milit>y exploits are op5ly reprobat$ by ! milit>y !mselves1 & are (t5 ! subject ( je/s among !m4 ,x is ! same ) judges & public prosecutors4 ,! judges1 ^: duty x is to judge & condemn crim9als1 conduct ! proce$+s s z to :itewa% !m z f> z possible4 ,s t ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t1 to procure ! condemnation ( ^? :om !y want to puni%1 nev] intru/ !m to ! ord9>y tribunals1 b h !m tri$ be=e a c\rt m>tial1 :i* is only a p>ody ( ju/ice4 ,! prosecutors !mselves (t5 refuse to proce$1 & ev5 :5 !y d proce$1 (t5 9 spite ( ! law1 really def5d ^? !y ought to be accus+4 ,! le>n$ juri/s ^: bus9ess x is to ju/ify ! viol5ce ( au?ority1 are m & m dispos$ to d5y ! "r ( puni%m5t & to replace x by !ories ( irresponsibility & ev5 ( moral insanity1 propos+ to deal ) ^? !y call crim9als by m$ical treatm5t only4 ,jail]s & ov]se]s ( galleys g5]ally become ! *ampions ( ^? :om !y ought to torture4 ,police (fic]s & detectives are cont9ually assi/+ ! escape ( ^? !y ought to arre/4 ,! cl]gy prea* tol]ance1 & ev5 sometimes condemn ! use ( =ce1 & ! m educat$ among !m try 9 _! s]mons to avoid ! v deception :i* is ! basis ( _! position & :i* x is _! duty to support4 ,execution]s refuse to p]=m _! functions1 s t 9 ,russia ! dea? p5alty _c be c>ri$ out = want ( execution]s4 ,& 9 spite ( all ! advantages be/[$ on ^! m51 :o are select$ f convicts1 !re is a con/antly dim9i%+ numb] ( volunte]s = ! po/4 ,gov]nors1 police (ficials1 tax collectors (t5 h compassion on ! p & try to f9d pretexts = n collect+ ! tax f !m4 ,! ri* are n at ease 9 sp5d+ _! weal? only on !mselves1 & lavi% x on works ( public utility4 ,l&[n]s build s*ools & hospitals on _! prop]ty1 & "s ev5 give up ! own]%ip ( _! l& & transf] x to ! cultivators1 or e/abli% communities ^u x4 ,mill[n]s & manufactur]s build hospitals1 s*ools1 sav+s banks1 asylums1 & dwell+s = _! workpeople4 ,"s ( !m =m co-op]ative associations 9 :i* !y h %>es on ! same t]ms z ! o!rs4 ,capitali/s exp5d a "p ( _! capital on educational1 arti/ic1 philan?ropic1 & o!r public in/itutions4 ,& _m1 :o are n equal to p>t+ ) _! weal? 9 _! lifetime1 leave x 9 _! wills to public in/itutions4 ,all ^! ph5om5a might seem to be m]e exceptions1 except t !y c all be ref]r$ to "o common cause4 ,j z "o might fancy ! fir/ leaves on ! budd+ trees 9 ,april 7 exceptional if we did n "k t !y all h a common cause1 ! spr+1 & t if we see ! bran*es on "s trees %oot+ & turn+ gre51 x is c]ta9 t x w soon be s ) all4 ,s x is ) ! manife/ation ( ! ,*ri/ian /&>d ( op9ion on =ce & all t is bas$ on =ce4 ,if ?is /&>d already influ5ces "s1 ! mo/ impressionable1 & impels ea* 9 8 own sph]e to ab&on advantages bas$ on ! use ( =ce1 !n its influ5ce w ext5d fur!r & fur!r till x trans=ms ! :ole ord] ( m5's actions & puts x into accord ) ! ,*ri/ian ideal :i* is already a liv+ =ce 9 ! vangu>d ( humanity4 ,& if !re are n[ rul]s1 :o d n decide on any /ep on _! own au?ority1 :o try to be z unlike mon>*s1 & z l pla9 mortals z possible1 :o /ate _! read9ess to give up _! pr]ogatives & become simply ! fir/ citiz5s ( a republic2 if !re are already soldi]s :o realize all ! s9 & h>m ( w>1 & are n will+ to fire on m5 ei!r ( _! own or a =eign c\ntry2 judges & prosecutors :o d n l to try & to condemn crim9als2 prie/s1 :o abjure deception2 tax-ga!r]s :o try to p]=m z little z !y c ( _! duties1 & ri* m5 r5\nc+ _! weal?--!n ! same ?+ w inevitably happ5 to o!r rul]s1 o!r soldi]s1 o!r judges1 prie/s1 tax-ga!r]s1 & ri* m54 ,& :5 !re are no long] m5 will+ to fill ^! (fices1 ^! (fices !mselves w disappe> too4 ,b ?is is n ! only way 9 :i* public op9ion is lead+ m5 to ! abolition ( ! prevail+ ord] & ! sub/itution ( a new ord]4 ,z ! positions bas$ on ! rule ( =ce become less attractive & few] m5 are f\nd will+ to fill !m1 ! m w _! uselessness be app>5t4 ,ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian _w ! same rul]s1 & ! same gov]nm5ts1 ! same armies1 ! same law c\rts1 ! same tax-ga!r]s1 ! same prie/s1 ! same ri* m51 l&[n]s1 manufactur]s1 & capitali/s1 z ev]1 b ! attitude ( ! _w to !m1 & _! attitude to !mselves is altoge!r *ang$4 ,! same sov]eigns h /ill ! same audi5ces & int]views1 hunts & banquets1 & balls & uni=ms2 !re are ! same diplomats & ! same delib]ations on alliances & w>s2 !re are /ill ! same p>liam5ts1 ) ! same debates on ! ,ea/]n "q & ,africa1 on treaties & violations ( treaties1 & ,home ,rule & ! eight-h\r day2 & "o set ( m9i/]s replac+ ano!r 9 ! same way1 & ! same spee*es & ! same incid5ts4 ,b = m5 :o obs]ve h[ "o newspap] article has m effect on ! position ( affairs ?an doz5s ( royal audi5ces or p>liam5t>y sessions1 x becomes m & m evid5t t ^! audi5ces & int]views & debates 9 p>liam5ts d n direct ! c\rse ( affairs1 b some?+ indep5d5t ( all t1 :i* _c be conc5trat$ 9 "o place4 ,! same g5]als & (fic]s & soldi]s1 & cannons & =tresses1 & reviews & maneuv]s1 b no w> breaks out4 ,"o ye>1 t51 tw5ty ye>s pass by4 ,& x becomes less & less possible to rely on ! army = ! pacification ( riots1 & m & m evid5t1 consequ5tly1 t g5]als1 & (fic]s1 & soldi]s are only figures 9 solemn processions--objects ( amusem5t = gov]nm5ts--a sort ( imm5se--& f> too exp5sive--corps de ballet4 ,! same lawy]s & judges1 & ! same assizes1 b x becomes m & m evid5t t ! civil c\rts decide cases on ! mo/ div]se gr\nds1 b reg>dless ( ju/ice1 & t crim9al trials are q s5seless1 because ! puni%m5ts d n atta9 ! objects aim$ at by ! judges !mselves4 ,^! in/itutions !re=e s]ve no o!r purpose ?an to provide a means ( livelihood = m5 :o are n capable ( do+ any?+ m useful4 ,! same prie/s & ar*bi%ops & *ur*es & synods1 b x becomes m & m evid5t t !y h long ago ceas$ to believe 9 :at !y prea*1 & !re=e !y c conv9ce no "o ( ! necessity ( believ+ :at !y don't believe !mselves4 ,! same tax collectors1 b !y are less & less capable ( tak+ m5's prop]ty f !m by =ce1 & x becomes m & m evid5t t p c collect all t is necess>y by volunt>y subscription )\t _! aid4 ,! same ri* m51 b x becomes m & m evid5t t !y c only be ( use by ceas+ to adm9i/] _! prop]ty 9 p]son & giv+ up to society ! :ole or at lea/ a "p ( _! weal?4 ,& :5 all ?is has become absolutely evid5t to ev]yone1 x w be natural = m5 to ask !mselves3 ,b :y %\ld we keep & ma9ta9 all ^! k+s1 emp]ors1 presid5ts1 & memb]s ( all sorts ( s5ates & m9i/ries1 s9ce no?+ comes ( all _! debates & audi5ces8 ,w\ldn't x be bett]1 z "s humori/ sugge/$1 to make a que5 ( india-rubb]8 ,& :at good to u are ^! armies ) _! g5]als & b&s & horses & drums8 ,& :at ne$ is !re ( !m :5 !re is no w>1 & no "o wants to make w>8 & if !re 7 a w>1 o!r nations w\ld n let u ga9 any advantage f x2 :ile ! soldi]s refuse to fire on _! fell[-c\ntrym54 ,& :at is ! use ( ^! lawy]s & judges :o don't decide civil cases ) ju/ice & recognize !mselves ! uselessness ( puni%m5ts 9 crim9al cases8 ,& :at is ! use ( tax collectors :o collect ! taxes unwill+ly1 :5 x is easy to raise all t is want$ )\t !m8 ,:at is ! use ( ! cl]gy1 :o don't believe 9 :at !y prea*8 ,& :at is ! use ( capital 9 ! h&s ( private p]sons1 :5 x c only be ( use z ! prop]ty ( all8 ,& :5 once p h ask$ !mselves ^! que/ions !y _c help com+ to "s decision & ceas+ to support all ^! in/itutions :i* are no long] ( use4 ,b ev5 be=e ^? :o support ^! in/itutions decide to aboli% !m1 ! m5 :o occupy ^! positions w be r$uc$ to ! necessity ( ?r[+ !m up4 ,public op9ion m & m condemns ! use ( =ce1 & !re=e m5 are less & less will+ to fill positions :i* re/ on ! use ( =ce1 & if !y d occupy !m1 are less & less able to make use ( =ce 9 !m4 ,& h5ce !y mu/ become m & m sup]flu\s4 ,i once took "p 9 ,mosc[ 9 a religi\s meet+ :i* us$ to take place g5]ally 9 ! week aft] ,ea/] ne> ! *ur* 9 ! ,ohotny ,r[4 ,a little knot ( "s tw5ty m5 7 collect$ toge!r on ! pavem5t1 engag$ 9 s]i\s religi\s discussion4 ,at ! same "t !re 0 a k9d ( conc]t go+ on 9 ! build+s ( ! ,c\rt ,club 9 ! same /reet1 & a police (fic] notic+ ! little gr\p collect$ ne> ! *ur* s5t a m\nt$ policeman to disp]se x4 ,x 0 absolutely unnecess>y = ! (fic] to disp]se x4 ,a gr\p ( tw5ty m5 0 no ob/ruction to anyone1 b he _h be5 /&+ !re ! :ole morn+1 & he want$ to d some?+4 ,! policeman1 a "y fell[1 ) a resolute fl\ri% ( 8 "r arm & a cl9k ( 8 sab]1 came up to u & comm&$ u sev]ely3 ,move on6 :at's ?is meet+ ab\t8 ,ev]yone look$ at ! policeman1 & "o ( ! speak]s1 a quiet man 9 a peasant's dress1 answ]$ ) a calm & graci\s air1 ,we are speak+ ( s]i\s matt]s1 & !re is no ne$ = u to move on2 y w\ld d bett]1 "y man1 to get (f y\r horse & li/54 ,x might d y good2 & turn+ r\nd he cont9u$ 8 disc\rse4 ,! policeman turn$ 8 horse & w5t (f )\t a ^w4 ,t is j :at %\ld be done 9 all cases ( viol5ce4 ,! (fic] 0 bor$1 he _h no?+ to d4 ,he _h be5 put1 poor fell[1 9 a position 9 :i* he _h no *oice b to give ord]s4 ,he 0 %ut (f f all human exi/5ce2 he c\ld d no?+ b sup]9t5d & give ord]s1 & give ord]s & sup]9t5d1 ?\gh 8 sup]9t5d5ce & 8 ord]s s]v$ no useful purpose :atev]4 ,& ?is is ! position 9 :i* all ^! unlucky rul]s1 m9i/]s1 memb]s ( p>liam5t1 gov]nors1 g5]als1 (fic]s1 ar*bi%ops1 prie/s1 & ev5 ri* m5 f9d !mselves to "s ext5t already1 & w f9d !mselves altoge!r z "t goes on4 ,!y c d no?+ b give ord]s1 & !y give ord]s & s5d _! mess5g]s1 z ! (fic] s5t ! policeman1 to int]f]e ) p4 ,& because ! p !y h9d] turn to !m & reque/ !m n to int]f]e1 !y fancy !y are v useful inde$4 ,b ! "t w come & is com+ :5 x w be p]fectly evid5t to ev]yone t !y are n ( any use at all1 & only a h9drance1 & ^? :om !y int]f]e ) w say g5tly & quietly to !m1 l my fri5d 9 ! /reet meet+1 ,pray don't int]f]e ) u4 ,& all ! mess5g]s & ^? :o s5d !m too w be oblig$ to foll[ ?is good advice1 t is to say1 w leave (f gallop+ ab\t1 ) _! arms akimbo1 int]f]+ ) p1 & gett+ (f _! horses & remov+ _! spurs1 w li/5 to :at is be+ said1 & mix+ ) o!rs1 w take _! place ) !m 9 "s real human "w4 ,! "t w come & is inevitably com+ :5 all in/itutions bas$ on =ce w disappe> ?r\gh _! uselessness1 /upidity1 & ev5 inconv5i5ce becom+ obvi\s to all4 ,! "t mu/ come :5 ! m5 ( our mod]n _w :o fill (fices bas$ ^u viol5ce w f9d !mselves 9 ! position ( ! emp]or 9 ,&]s5's tale ( ,! ,emp]or's ,new ,clo!s1 :5 ! *ild see+ ! emp]or undress$1 cri$ 9 all simplicity1 ,look1 he is nak$6 ,& !n all ! re/1 :o _h se5 him & said no?+1 c\ld n help recogniz+ x too4 ,! /ory is t !re 0 once an emp]or1 v fond ( new clo!s4 ,& to him came two tailors1 :o promis$ to make him "s extraord9>y clo!s4 ,! emp]or engages !m & !y beg9 to sew at !m1 b !y expla9 t ! clo!s h ! extraord9>y prop]ty ( rema9+ invisible to anyone :o is unfit = 8 position4 ,! c\rti]s come to look at ! tailors' "w & see no?+1 = ! m5 are ply+ _! ne$les 9 empty space4 ,b rememb]+ ! extraord9>y prop]ty ( ! clo!s1 !y all decl>e !y see !m & are l\d 9 _! admiration4 ,! emp]or does ! same himself4 ,! day ( ! procession comes 9 :i* ! emp]or is to g out 9 8 new clo!s4 ,! emp]or undresses & puts on 8 new clo!s1 t is to say1 rema9s nak$1 & nak$ he walks ?r\gh ! t[n4 ,b rememb]+ ! magic prop]ty ( ! clo!s1 no "o v5tures to say t he has no?+ on till a little *ild cries out3 ,look1 he is nak$6 ,?is w be exactly ! situation ( all :o cont9ue ?r\gh in]tia to fill (fices :i* h long become useless directly someone :o has no int]e/ 9 conceal+ _! uselessness exclaims 9 all simplicity3 ,b ^! p h be5 ( no use to anyone = a long "t pa/6 ,! condition ( ,*ri/ian humanity ) its =tresses1 cannons1 dynamite1 guns1 torp$oes1 prisons1 gall[s1 *ur*es1 factories1 cu/oms (fices1 & palaces is really t]rible4 ,b /ill cannons & guns w n fire !mselves1 prisons w n %ut m5 up ( !mselves1 gall[s w n hang !m1 *ur*es w n delude !m1 nor cu/oms (fices h9d] !m1 & palaces & factories are n built nor kept up ( !mselves4 ,all ^? ?+s are ! "w ( m54 ,if m5 come to und]/& t !y ought n to d ^! ?+s1 !n !y w cease to be4 ,& already !y are beg9n+ to und]/& x4 ,?\gh all d n und]/& x yet1 ! advanc$ gu>d und]/& & ! re/ w foll[ !m4 ,& ! advanc$ gu>d _c cease to und]/& :at !y h once und]/ood2 & :at !y und]/& ! re/ n only c b mu/ inevitably und]/& h]eaft]4 ,s t ! prophecy t ! "t w come :5 m5 w be taught ( ,god1 w le>n w> no m1 w beat _! swords into pl[%>es & _! spe>s into reap+-hooks1 :i* means1 translat+ x into our language1 ! =tresses1 prisons1 b>racks1 palaces1 & *ur*es w rema9 empty1 & all ! gibbets & guns & cannons w be left unus$1 is no long] a dream1 b ! def9ite new =m ( life to :i* mank9d is approa*+ ) ev]-increas+ rapidity4 ,b :5 w x be8 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago to ?is "q ,*ri/ answ]$ t ! end ( ! _w 7t is1 ( ! pagan organization ( life7 %all come :5 ! tribulation ( m5 is great] ?an x has ev] be51 & :5 ! ,gospel ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 t is1 ! possibility ( a new organization ( life1 %all be prea*$ 9 ! _w unto all nations4 7,matt4 xxiv4 #c-bh47 ,b ( t day & h\r kn[e? no man b ! ,fa!r only 7,matt4 xxiv4 #c-f71 said ,*ri/4 ,= x may come any "t1 9 su* an h\r z ye ?9k n4 ,to ! "q :5 ?is h\r come? ,*ri/ answ]s t we _c "k1 b j because we _c "k :5 t h\r is com+ we ought to be always ready to meet x1 j z ! ma/] ought to wat* :o gu>ds 8 h\se f ?ieves1 z ! virg9s ought to wat* ) lamps alight = ! bridegroom2 & fur!r1 we ought to "w ) all ! p[]s giv5 u to br+ t h\r to pass1 z ! s]vants ought to "w ) ! tal5ts intru/$ to !m4 7,matt4 xxiv4 #dc1 & xxvi4 #ac1 #ad-cj47 ,& !re c\ld be no answ] b ?is "o4 ,m5 _c "k :5 ! day & ! h\r ( ! k+dom ( ,god w come1 because its com+ dep5ds on !mselves alone4 ,! answ] is l t ( ! wise man :o1 :5 ask$ :e!r x 0 f> to ! t[n1 answ]$1 ,walk6 ,h[ c we tell :e!r x is f> to ! goal :i* humanity is approa*+1 :5 we d n "k h[ m5 are go+ t[>d x1 :ile x dep5ds on !m :e!r !y g or d n g1 /& /ill1 slack5 _! pace or ha/5 x8 ,all we c "k is :at we :o make up mank9d ought to d1 & n to d1 to br+ ab\t ! com+ ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,& t we all "k4 ,& we ne$ only ea* beg9 to d :at we ought to d1 we ne$ only ea* live ) all ! light t is 9 u1 to br+ ab\t at once ! promis$ k+dom ( ,god to :i* e man's he>t is ye>n+4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,conclusion--,,rep5t ,,ye1 ,,= ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,heav5 ,,is ,,at ,,h&4 #a4 ,*ance ,meet+ ) a ,tra9 ,c>ry+ ,soldi]s to ,re/ore ,ord] ,among ! ,fami%+ ,peasants--,reason ( ! ,exp$ition--,h[ ! ,decisions ( ! ,high] ,au?orities are ,en=c$ 9 ,cases ( ,insubord9ation on ,"p ( ! ,peasants--,:at ,happ5$ at ,orel1 z an ,example ( ,h[ ! ,rights ( ! ,prop]ti$ ,classes are ,ma9ta9$ by ,murd] & ,torture--,all ! ,privileges ( ! ,weal?y are ,bas$ on ,simil> ,acts ( ,viol5ce4 #b4 ,! ,elem5ts t ,made up ! ,=ce ,s5t to ,t\la1 & ! ,conduct ( ! ,m5 ,compos+ x--,h[ ^! ,m5 ,c\ld ,c>ry ,out su* ,acts--,! ,explanation is ,n to be ,f\nd 9 ,ignorance1 ,conviction1 ,cruelty1 ,he>tlessness1 or ,want ( ,moral ,s5se--,!y d ^! ,?+s ,because !y are ,necess>y to ,support ! ,exi/+ ,ord]1 :i* !y ,consid] x ,e ,man's ,duty to ,support--,! ,basis ( ?is ,conviction t ! ,exi/+ ,ord] is ,necess>y & ,inevitable--,9 ! ,upp] ,classes ?is ,conviction is ,bas$ on ! ,advantages ( ! ,exi/+ ,ord] = ,!mselves--,b :at ,=ces ,m5 ( ! ,l[] ,classes to ,believe 9 ! ,immutability ( ! ,exi/+ ,ord]1 f :i* !y ,d]ive no ,advantage1 & :i* !y ,aid 9 ,ma9ta9+1 ,facts ,contr>y to _! ,consci5ce8--,?is is ! ,result ( ! ,l[] ,classes be+ ,delud$ by ! ,upp]1 ,bo? z to ! ,inevitability ( ! ,exi/+ ,ord] & ! ,lawfulness ( ! ,acts ( ,viol5ce ,ne$$ to ,ma9ta9 x--,deception 9 ,g5]al--,special ,=m ( ,deception 9 ,reg>d to ,milit>y ,s]vice--,conscription4 #c4 ,h[ c ,m5 ,all[ t ,murd] is ,p]missible :ile !y ,prea* ,pr9ciples ( ,morality1 & ,h[ c !y ,all[ ( ! ,exi/5ce 9 _! ,mid/ ( a ,milit>y ,organization ( ,physical ,=ce :i* is a ,con/ant ,m5ace to ,public ,security8--,x is only ,all[$ by ! ,upp] ,classes1 :o ,pr(it by ?is ,organization1 ,because _! ,privileges are ,ma9ta9$ by x--,! ,upp] ,classes ,all[ x1 & ! ,l[] ,classes ,c>ry x into ,effect 9 ,spite ( _! ,consci\sness ( ! ,immorality ( ! ,de$s ( ,viol5ce1 ! ,m ,readily ,because ,?r\gh ! ,arrangem5ts ( ! ,gov]nm5t ! ,moral ,responsibility = su* ,de$s is ,divid$ among a ,great ,numb] ( ,p>ticipants 9 x1 & ,ev]yone ,?r[s ! ,responsibility on ,someone ,else--,moreov]1 ! ,s5se ( ,moral ,responsibility is ,lo/ ?r\gh ! ,delusion ( ,inequality1 & ! ,consequ5t ,intoxication ( ,p[] on ! ,"p ( ,sup]iors1 & ,s]vility on ! ,"p ( ,inf]iors--,! ,condition ( ^! ,m51 ,act+ aga9/ ! ,dictates ( _! ,consci5ce1 is ,l t ( ,hypnotiz$ ,subjects ,act+ by ,sugge/ion--,! ,diff]5ce betwe5 ?is ,ob$i5ce to ,gov]nm5t ,sugge/ion1 & ,ob$i5ce to ,public ,op9ion1 & to ! ,guidance ( ,m5 ( a ,high] ,moral ,s5se--,! ,exi/+ ,ord] ( ,society1 :i* is ! ,result ( an ,ext9ct ,public ,op9ion & is ,inconsi/5t ) ! ,already ,exi/+ ,public ,op9ion ( ! ,future1 is only ,ma9ta9$ by ! ,/upefaction ( ! ,consci5ce1 ,produc$ ,spontane\sly by ,self-int]e/ 9 ! ,upp] ,classes & ,?r\gh ,hypnotiz+ 9 ! ,l[] ,classes--,! ,consci5ce or ! ,common ,s5se ( su* ,m5 may ,awak51 & !re are ,examples ( its ,sudd5 ,awak5+1 s t "o c ,nev] be ,sure ( ! ,de$s ( ,viol5ce !y are ,prep>$ =--,x ,dep5ds ,entirely on ! ,po9t :i* ! ,s5se ( ! ,unlawfulness ( ,acts ( ,viol5ce has ,rea*$1 & ?is ,s5se may ,spontane\sly ,awak5 9 ,m51 or may be ,reawak5$ by ! ,influ5ce ( ,m5 ( m ,consci5ce4 #d4 ,ev]y?+ ,dep5ds on ! ,/r5g? ( ! ,consci\sness ( ,*ri/ian ,tru?s 9 ,ea* ,individual ,man--,! ,lead+ ,m5 ( ,mod]n ,times1 h[ev]1 d n ,?9k x ,necess>y to ,prea* or ,practice ! ,tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 b ,reg>d ! ,modification ( ! ,ext]nal ,conditions ( ,exi/5ce )9 ! ,limit ,impos$ by ,gov]nm5ts z ,suffici5t to ,re=m ! ,life ( ,humanity--,on ?is ,sci5tific ,!ory ( ,hypocrisy1 :i* has ,replac$ ! ,hypocrisy ( ,religion1 ,m5 ( ! ,weal?y ,classes ,base _! ,ju/ification ( _! ,position--,?r\gh ?is ,hypocrisy !y c ,enjoy ! ,exclusive ,privileges ( _! ,position by ,=ce & ,fraud1 & ,/ill ,pret5d to be ,*ri/ians to ,"o ,ano!r & be ,easy 9 _! ,m9ds--,?is ,hypocrisy ,all[s ,m5 :o ,prea* ,*ri/ianity to ,take ,"p 9 ,in/itutions ,bas$ on ,viol5ce--,no ,ext]nal ,re=mation ( ,life w ,r5d] x ,less ,mis]able--,its ,mis]y ! ,result ( ,disunion ,caus$ by ,foll[+ ,lies1 n ! ,tru?--,union only ,possible 9 ,tru?--,hypocrisy ,h9d]s ?is ,union1 s9ce ,hypocrites ,conceal f !mselves & ,o!rs ! ,tru? !y ,"k--,hypocrisy ,turns all ,re=ms ( ,life to ,evil--,hypocrisy ,di/orts ! ,idea ( ,good & ,evil1 & s ,/&s 9 ! ,way ( ! ,progress ( ,m5 t[>d ,p]fection--,undisguis$ ,crim9als & ,malefactors d ,less ,h>m ?an ^? :o ,live by ,legaliz$ ,viol5ce1 ,disguis$ by ,hypocrisy--,all ,m5 ,feel ! ,iniquity ( our ,life1 & w\ld ,long ,ago h ,trans=m$ x if x _h n be5 ,dissimulat$ by ,hypocrisy--,b ,seem to h ,rea*$ ! ,extreme ,limits ( ,hypocrisy1 & we ,ne$ only ,make an ,ef=t ( ,consci5ce to ,awak5 z f a ,nightm>e to a ,diff]5t ,reality4 #e4 ,c ,man ,make ?is ,ef=t8--,accord+ to ! ,hypocritical ,!ory ( ! ,day1 ,man is n ,free to ,trans=m 8 ,life--,man is n ,free 9 8 ,actions1 b he is ,free to ,admit or to ,d5y ! ,tru? he ,kn[s--,:5 ,tru? is ,once ,admitt$1 x ,becomes ! ,basis ( ,action--,man's ,?reefold ,relation to ,tru?--,! ,reason ( ! ,app>5t ,insolubility ( ! ,problem ( ,free ,w--,man's ,fre$om ,consi/s 9 ! ,recognition ( ! ,tru? ,reveal$ to him4 ,!re is no ,o!r ,fre$om--,recognition ( ,tru? ,gives ,fre$om1 & ,%[s ! ,pa? ,along :i*1 ,will+ly or ,unwill+ly by ,mank9d1 ,man ,mu/ ,advance--,! ,recognition ( ,tru? & ,real ,fre$om ,enables ,man to ,%>e 9 ! ,"w ( ,god1 n z ! ,slave1 b z ! ,creator ( ,life--,m5 ,ne$ only ,make ! ,ef=t to ,r5\nce all ,?\ght ( ,bett]+ ! ,ext]nal ,conditions ( ,life & ,b5d all _! ,ef=ts to ,recogniz+ & ,prea*+ ! ,tru? !y ,"k1 to put an ,end to ! ,exi/+ ,mis]able ,/ate ( ,?+s1 & to ,ent] ^u ! ,k+dom ( ,god s f> z x is yet ,accessible to ,man--,all t is ,ne$$ is to ,make an ,end ( ,ly+ & ,hypocrisy--,b !n :at ,awaits u 9 ! ,future8--,:at w ,happ5 to ,humanity if ,m5 ,foll[ ! ,dictates ( _! ,consci5ce1 & h[ c ,life g on ) ! ,conditions ( ,civiliz$ ,life to :i* we are ,accu/om$8--,all ,uneas9ess on ^! ,po9ts may be ,remov$ by ! ,reflection t ,no?+ ,true & ,good c be ,de/roy$ by ! ,realization ( ,tru?1 b w only be ,fre$ f ! ,alloy ( ,falsehood4 #f4 ,our ,life has ,rea*$ ! ,extreme ,limit ( ,mis]y & ,_c be ,improv$ by any ,sy/ems ( ,organization--,all our ,life & all our ,in/itutions are ,q ,mean+less--,are we ,do+ :at ,god ,wills ( u by ,pres]v+ our ,privileges & ,duties to ,gov]nm5t8--,we are put 9 ?is ,position n ,because ! ,_w is s ,made & x is ,inevitable1 b ,because we ,wi% x to be s1 ,because x is to ! ,advantage ( ,"s ( u--,our ,consci5ce is 9 ,opposition to our ,position & all our ,conduct1 & ! ,way ,out ( ! ,contradiction is to be ,f\nd 9 ! ,recognition ( ! ,*ri/ian ,tru?3 ,d ,n unto ,o!rs :at y ,w\ld ,n !y %\ld ,d unto ,y--,z our ,duties to ,self ,mu/ be ,subord9at$ to our ,duties to ,o!rs1 s ,mu/ our ,duties to ,o!rs be ,subord9at$ to our ,duties to ,god--,! ,only ,way ,out ( our ,position ,lies1 if n 9 ,r5\nc+ our ,position & our ,privileges1 at ,lea/ 9 ,recogniz+ our ,s9 & n ,ju/ify+ x nor ,disguis+ x--,! ,only ,object ( ,life is to ,le>n ! ,tru? & to ,act on x--,acceptance ( ! ,position & ( ,/ate ,action ,deprives ,life ( all ,object--,x is ,god's ,w t we %\ld ,s]ve ,him 9 our ,life1 t is1 t we %\ld ,br+ ,ab\t ! ,greate/ ,unity ( all t has ,life1 a ,unity only ,possible 9 ,tru?4 ,i 0 f9i%+ ?is book1 :i* ,i _h be5 work+ at = two ye>s1 :5 ,i happ5$ on ! #i? ( ,septemb] to be travel+ by rail ?r\gh ! gov]nm5ts ( ,t\la & ,riazan1 :]e ! peasants 7 />v+ la/ ye> & :]e ! fam9e is ev5 m sev]e n[4 ,at "o ( ! railway /ations my tra9 pass$ an extra tra9 :i* 0 tak+ a troop ( soldi]s "u ! conduct ( ! gov]nor ( ! prov9ce1 toge!r ) muskets1 c>tridges1 & rods1 to flog & murd] ^! same fami%+ peasants4 ,! puni%m5t ( flogg+ by way ( c>ry+ ! decrees ( ! au?orities into effect has be5 m & m frequ5tly adopt$ ( late 9 ,russia1 9 spite ( ! fact t corporal puni%m5t 0 aboli%$ by law ?irty ye>s ago4 ,i _h he>d ( ?is1 ,i _h ev5 read 9 ! newspap]s ( ! fe>ful flogg+s :i* _h be5 inflict$ 9 ,t*]nigov1 ,tambov1 ,s>atov1 ,a/rakhan1 & ,orel1 & ( ^? ( :i* ! gov]nor ( ,nijni-,novgorod1 ,g5]al ,b>anov1 _h boa/$4 ,b ,i _h nev] be=e happ5$ to see m5 9 ! process ( c>ry+ out ^! puni%m5ts4 ,& "h ,i saw ! spectacle ( good ,russians full ( ! ,*ri/ian _s travel+ ) guns & rods to torture & kill _! />v+ bre?r54 ,! reason = _! exp$ition 0 z foll[s3 ,on "o ( ! e/ates ( a ri* l&[n] ! peasants _h common rights on ! =e/1 & hav+ always enjoy$ ^! rights1 reg>d$ ! =e/ z _! own1 or at lea/ z !irs 9 common ) ! own]4 ,! l&[n] wi%$ to keep ! =e/ entirely to himself & began to fell ! trees4 ,! peasants lodg$ a compla9t4 ,! judges 9 ! fir/ in/ance gave an unju/ decision 7,i say unju/ on ! au?ority ( ! lawy] & gov]nor1 :o ought to und]/& ! matt]71 & decid$ ! case 9 favor ( ! l&[n]4 ,all ! lat] decisions1 ev5 t ( ! s5ate1 ?\gh !y c\ld see t ! matt] _h be5 unju/ly decid$1 confirm$ ! judgm5t & adjudg$ ! =e/ to ! l&[n]4 ,he began to cut d[n ! trees1 b ! peasants1 unable to believe t su* obvi\s inju/ice c\ld be done !m by ! high] au?orities1 did n submit to ! decision & drove away ! m5 s5t to cut d[n ! trees1 decl>+ t ! =e/ belong$ to !m & !y w\ld g to ! ,tz> be=e !y w\ld let !m cut x d[n4 ,! matt] 0 ref]r$ to ,pet]sburg1 & ! ord] 0 transmitt$ to ! gov]nor to c>ry ! decision ( ! c\rt into effect4 ,! gov]nor ask$ = a troop ( soldi]s4 ,& "h 7 ! soldi]s ) bayonets & c>tridges1 & moreov]1 a supply ( rods1 expressly prep>$ = ! purpose & heap$ up 9 "o ( ! trucks1 go+ to c>ry ! decision ( ! high] au?orities into effect4 ,! decisions ( ! high] au?orities are c>ri$ into effect by means ( murd] or torture1 or ?reats ( "o or ! o!r1 accord+ to :e!r !y (f] resi/ance or n4 ,9 ! fir/ case if ! peasants (f] resi/ance ! practice is 9 ,russia1 & x is ! same ev]y:]e :]e a /ate organization & private prop]ty exi/1 z foll[s3 ,! gov]nor deliv]s an address 9 :i* he dem&s submission4 ,! excit$ cr[d1 g5]ally delud$ by _! lead]s1 don't und]/& a ^w ( :at ! repres5tative ( au?ority is say+ 9 ! pomp\s (ficial language1 & _! excitem5t cont9ues4 ,!n ! gov]nor ann\nces t if !y d n submit & disp]se1 he w be oblig$ to h rec\rse to =ce4 ,if ! cr[d does n disp]se ev5 on ?is1 ! gov]nor gives ! ord] to fire ov] ! heads ( ! cr[d4 ,if ! cr[d does n ev5 !n disp]se1 ! gov]nor gives ! ord] to fire /raight into ! cr[d2 ! soldi]s fire & ! kill$ & w\nd$ fall ab\t ! /reet4 ,!n ! cr[d usually runs away 9 all directions1 & ! troops at ! gov]nor's comm& take ^? :o are suppos$ to be ! r+lead]s & lead !m (f "u escort4 ,!n !y pick up ! dy+1 ! w\nd$1 & ! dead1 cov]$ ) blood1 sometimes wom5 & *ildr5 among !m4 ,! dead !y bury & ! w\nd$ !y c>ry to ! hospital4 ,^? :om !y reg>d z ! r+lead]s !y take to ! t[n hall & h !m tri$ by a special c\rt-m>tial4 ,& if !y h _h rec\rse to viol5ce on _! side1 !y are condemn$ to be hang$4 ,& !n ! gall[s is erect$4 ,& !y solemnly /rangle a few def5seless creatures4 ,?is is :at has (t5 be5 done 9 ,russia1 & is & mu/ always be done :]e ! social ord] is bas$ on =ce4 ,b 9 ! second case1 :5 ! peasants d submit1 some?+ q special1 peculi> to ,russia1 takes place4 ,! gov]nor arrives on ! sc5e ( action & deliv]s an h>angue to ! p1 reproa*+ !m = _! insubord9ation1 & ei!r /ations troops 9 ! h\ses ( ! villages1 :]e sometimes = a :ole mon? ! soldi]s dra9 ! res\rces ( ! peasants1 or cont5t+ himself ) ?reats1 he m]cifully takes leave ( ! p1 or :at is ! mo/ frequ5t c\rse1 he ann\nces t ! r+lead]s mu/ be puni%$1 & q arbitr>ily )\t any trial selects a c]ta9 numb] ( m51 reg>d$ z r+lead]s1 & comm&s !m to be flogg$ 9 8 pres5ce4 ,9 ord] to give an idea ( h[ su* ?+s are done ,i w describe a proce$+ ( ! k9d :i* took place 9 ,orel1 & receiv$ ! full approval ( ! highe/ au?orities4 ,?is is :at took place 9 ,orel4 ,j z "h 9 ! ,t\la prov9ce1 a l&lord want$ to appropriate ! prop]ty ( ! peasants & j 9 ! same way ! peasants oppos$ x4 ,! matt] 9 dispute 0 a fall ( wat]1 :i* irrigat$ ! peasants' fields1 & :i* ! l&[n] want$ to cut (f & div]t to turn 8 mill4 ,! peasants rebell$ aga9/ ?is be+ done4 ,! l&[n] laid a compla9t be=e ! di/rict comm&]1 :o illegally 7z 0 recogniz$ lat] ev5 by a legal decision7 decid$ ! matt] 9 favor ( ! l&[n]1 & all[$ him to div]t ! wat] c\rse4 ,! l&[n] s5t workm5 to dig ! conduit by :i* ! wat] 0 to be let (f to turn ! mill4 ,! peasants 7 indignant at ?is unju/ decision1 & s5t _! wom5 to prev5t ! l&[n]'s m5 f digg+ ?is conduit4 ,! wom5 w5t to ! dykes1 ov]turn$ ! c>ts1 & drove away ! m54 ,! l&[n] made a compla9t aga9/ ! wom5 = ?us tak+ ! law into _! own h&s4 ,! di/rict comm&] made out an ord] t f e h\se ?r\gh\t ! village "o woman 0 to be tak5 & put 9 prison4 ,! ord] 0 n easily execut$4 ,= 9 e h\sehold !re 7 sev]al wom51 & x 0 impossible to "k :i* "o 0 to be arre/$4 ,consequ5tly ! police did n c>ry out ! ord]4 ,! l&[n] compla9$ to ! gov]nor ( ! neglect on ! "p ( ! police1 & ! latt]1 )\t exam9+ into ! affair1 gave ! *ief (ficial ( ! police /rict ord]s to c>ry out ! in/ructions ( ! di/rict comm&] )\t delay4 ,! police (ficial1 9 ob$i5ce to 8 sup]ior1 w5t to ! village & ) ! insol5ce peculi> to ,russian (ficials ord]$ 8 policem5 to take "o woman out ( ea* h\se4 ,b s9ce !re 7 m ?an "o woman 9 ea* h\se1 & !re 0 no kn[+ :i* "o 0 s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t1 disputes & opposition arose4 ,9 spite ( ^! disputes & opposition1 h[ev]1 ! (fic] ( police gave ord]s t "s woman1 :i*ev] came fir/1 %\ld be tak5 f ea* h\sehold & l$ away to prison4 ,! peasants began to def5d _! wives & mo!rs1 w\ld n let !m g1 & beat ! police & _! (fic]4 ,?is 0 a fre% & t]rible crime3 resi/ance 0 (f]$ to ! au?orities4 ,a report ( ?is new (f5se 0 s5t to ! t[n4 ,& s ?is gov]nor--precisely z ! gov]nor ( ,t\la 0 do+ on t day--) a battalion ( soldi]s ) guns & rods1 ha/ily br\ght toge!r by means ( telegraphs & telephones & railways1 proce$$ by a special tra9 to ! sc5e ( action1 ) a le>n$ doctor ^: duty x 0 to insure ! flogg+ be+ ( an hygi5ic "*4 ,h]z5's prophecy ( ! mod]n ,gh5ghis ,khan ) 8 telegrams is completely realiz$ by ?is gov]nor4 ,be=e ! t[n hall ( ! di/rict 7 ! soldi]y1 a battalion ( police ) _! revolv]s slung r\nd !m ) r$ cords1 ! p]sons ( mo/ importance among ! peasants1 & ! culprits4 ,a cr[d ( "o ?\s& or m p 7 /&+ r\nd4 ,! gov]nor1 on arriv+1 /epp$ out ( 8 c>riage1 deliv]$ a prep>$ h>angue1 & ask$ = ! culprits & a b5*4 ,! latt] dem& 0 at fir/ n und]/ood4 ,b a police con/able :om ! gov]nor always took ab\t ) him1 & :o und]took to organize su* executions--by no means exceptional 9 t prov9ce--expla9$ t :at 0 meant 0 a b5* = flogg+4 ,a b5* 0 br\ght z well z ! rods1 & !n ! execution]s 7 summon$ 7! latt] _h be5 select$ be=eh& f "s horse/eal]s ( ! same village1 z ! soldi]s refus$ ! (fice74 ,:5 ev]y?+ 0 ready1 ! gov]nor ord]$ ! fir/ ( ! twelve culprits po9t$ out by ! l&[n] z ! mo/ guilty to come =w>d4 ,! fir/ to come =w>d 0 ! head ( a family1 a man ( =ty :o _h always /ood up manfully = ! rights ( 8 class1 & !re=e 0 held 9 ! greate/ e/eem by all ! villag]s4 ,he 0 l$ to ! b5* & /ripp$1 & !n ord]$ to lie d[n4 ,! peasant attempt$ to supplicate = m]cy1 b see+ x 0 useless1 he cross$ himself & lay d[n4 ,two police con/ables ha/5$ to hold him d[n4 ,! le>n$ doctor /ood by1 9 read9ess to give 8 aid & 8 m$ical sci5ce :5 !y %\ld be ne$$4 ,! convicts spit into _! h&s1 br&i%$ ! rods1 & began to flog4 ,x seem$1 h[ev]1 t ! b5* 0 too n>r[1 & x 0 difficult to keep ! victim wri?+ 9 torture ^u x4 ,!n ! gov]nor ord]$ !m to br+ ano!r b5* & to put a plank across !m4 ,soldi]s1 ) _! h&s rais$ to _! caps1 & respectful murmurs ( ,yes1 y\r ,excell5cy1 ha/5 ob$i5tly to c>ry out ?is ord]4 ,mean:ile ! tortur$ man1 half nak$1 pale & sc[l+1 /ood wait+1 8 eyes fix$ on ! gr\nd & 8 tee? *att]+4 ,:5 ano!r b5* _h be5 br\ght !y aga9 made him lie d[n1 & ! convict$ ?ieves aga9 began to flog him4 ,! victim's back & ?ighs & legs1 & ev5 8 sides1 became m & m cov]$ ) sc>s & :eals1 & at e bl[ !re came ! s\nd ( ! deep groans :i* he c\ld no long] re/ra94 ,9 ! cr[d /&+ r\nd 7 he>d ! sobs ( wives1 mo!rs1 *ildr51 ! families ( ! tortur$ man & ( all ! o!rs pick$ out = puni%m5t4 ,! mis]able gov]nor1 intoxicat$ ) p[]1 0 c\nt+ ! /rokes on 8 f+]s1 & nev] left (f smok+ cig>ettes1 :ile sev]al (fici\s p]sons ha/5$ on e opportunity to (f] him a burn+ mat* to light !m4 ,:5 m ?an fifty /rokes _h be5 giv51 ! peasant ceas$ to %riek & wri!1 & ! doctor1 :o _h be5 educat$ 9 a gov]nm5t in/itution to s]ve 8 sov]eign & 8 c\ntry ) 8 sci5tific atta9m5ts1 w5t up to ! victim1 felt 8 pulse1 li/5$ to 8 he>t1 & ann\nc$ to ! repres5tative ( au?ority t ! man und]go+ puni%m5t _h lo/ consci\sness1 & t1 9 accordance ) ! conclusions ( sci5ce1 to cont9ue ! puni%m5t w\ld endang] ! victim's life4 ,b ! mis]able gov]nor1 n[ completely intoxicat$ by ! sight ( blood1 gave ord]s t ! puni%m5t %\ld g on1 & ! flogg+ 0 cont9u$ up to sev5ty /rokes1 ! numb] :i* ! gov]nor _h = "s reason fix$ ^u z necess>y4 ,:5 ! sev5tie? /roke _h be5 rea*$1 ! gov]nor said ,en\gh6 ,next "o6 ,& ! mutilat$ victim1 8 back cov]$ ) blood1 0 lift$ up & c>ri$ away unconsci\s1 & ano!r 0 l$ up4 ,! sobs & groans ( ! cr[d grew l\d]4 ,b ! repres5tative ( ! /ate cont9u$ ! torture4 ,?us !y flogg$ ea* ( !m up to ! twelf?1 & ea* ( !m receiv$ sev5ty /rokes4 ,!y all implor$ m]cy1 %riek$ & groan$4 ,! sobs & cries ( ! cr[d ( wom5 grew l\d] & m he>t-r5d+1 & ! m5's faces grew d>k] & d>k]4 ,b !y 7 surr\nd$ by troops1 & ! torture did n cease till x _h rea*$ ! limit :i* _h be5 fix$ by ! caprice ( ! mis]able half-drunk5 & insane creature !y call$ ! gov]nor4 ,! (ficials1 & (fic]s1 & soldi]s n only assi/$ 9 x1 b 7 ev5 p>tly responsible = ! affair1 s9ce by _! pres5ce !y prev5t$ any int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! cr[d4 ,:5 ,i inquir$ ( "o ( ! gov]nors :y !y made use ( ?is k9d ( torture :5 p _h already submitt$ & soldi]s 7 /ation$ 9 ! village1 he repli$ ) ! important air ( a man :o ?or\ghly und]/&s all ! subtleties ( /atecraft1 t if ! peasants 7 n ?or\ghly subdu$ by flogg+1 !y w\ld beg9 (f]+ opposition to ! decisions ( au?orities aga94 ,:5 "s ( !m _h be5 ?or\ghly tortur$1 ! au?ority ( ! /ate w\ld be secur$ =ev] among !m4 ,& s t 0 :y ! ,gov]nor ( ,t\la 0 go+ 9 8 turn ) 8 subord9ate (ficials1 (fic]s1 & soldi]s to c>ry out a simil> measure4 ,by precisely ! same means1 i4 e41 by murd] & torture1 ob$i5ce to ! decision ( ! high] au?orities 0 to be secur$4 ,& ?is decision 0 to enable a "y l&[n]1 :o _h an income ( "o hundr$ ?\s&1 to ga9 ?ree ?\s& rubles m by /eal+ a =e/ f a :ole community ( cold & fami%$ peasants1 to sp5d x1 9 two or ?ree weeks 9 ! saloons ( ,mosc[1 ,pet]sburg1 or ,p>is4 ,t 0 :at ^? p :om ,i met 7 go+ to d4 ,aft] my ?\ghts _h = two ye>s be5 turn$ 9 ! same direction1 fate seem$ expressly to h br\ght me face to face = ! fir/ "t 9 my life ) a fact :i* %[$ me absolutely unmi/akably 9 practice :at _h long be5 cle> to me 9 !ory1 t ! organization ( our society re/s1 n z p int]e/$ 9 ma9ta9+ ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s l to imag9e1 on c]ta9 pr9ciples ( jurisprud5ce1 b on simple brute =ce1 on ! murd] & torture ( m54 ,p :o own great e/ates or =tunes1 or :o receive great rev5ues drawn f ! class :o are 9 want ev5 ( necessities1 ! work+ class1 z well z all ^? :o l m]*ants1 doctors1 arti/s1 cl]ks1 le>n$ pr(essors1 coa*m51 cooks1 writ]s1 valets1 & b>ri/]s1 make _! liv+ ab\t ^! ri* p1 l to believe t ! privileges !y enjoy are n ! result ( =ce1 b ( absolutely free & j int]*ange ( s]vices1 & t _! advantages1 f> f be+ ga9$ by su* puni%m5ts & murd]s z took place 9 ,orel & sev]al p>ts ( ,russia ?is ye>1 & are always tak+ place all ov] ,europe & ,am]ica1 h no k9d ( connection ) ^! acts ( viol5ce4 ,!y l to believe t _! privileges exi/ ap>t & are ! result ( free contract among p2 & t ! viol5t cruelties p]petrat$ on ! p also exi/ ap>t & are ! result ( "s g5]al judicial1 political1 or economical laws4 ,!y try n to see t !y all enjoy _! privileges z a result ( ! same fact :i* =ces ! peasants :o h t5d$ ! =e/1 & :o are 9 ! direct ne$ ( x = fuel1 to give x up to a ri* l&[n] :o has tak5 no "p 9 c>+ = its gr[? & has no ne$ ( x :atev]--! fact1 t is1 t if !y don't give x up !y w be flogg$ or kill$4 ,& yet if x is cle> t x 0 only by means ( m5aces1 bl[s1 or murd]1 t ! mill 9 ,orel 0 enabl$ to yield a l>g] income1 or t ! =e/ :i* ! peasants _h plant$ became ! prop]ty ( a l&[n]1 x %\ld be equally cle> t all ! o!r exclusive rights enjoy$ by ! ri*1 by robb+ ! poor ( _! necessities1 re/ on ! same basis ( viol5ce4 ,if ! peasants1 :o ne$ l& to ma9ta9 _! families1 may n cultivate ! l& ab\t _! h\ses1 b "o man1 a ,russian1 ,engli%1 ,au/rian1 or any o!r great l&[n]1 possesses l& en\gh to ma9ta9 a ?\s& families1 ?\gh he does n cultivate x himself1 & if a m]*ant pr(it+ by ! mis]y ( ! cultivators1 tak+ corn f !m at a ?ird ( its value1 c keep ?is corn 9 8 gran>ies ) p]fect security :ile m5 are />v+ all ar\nd him1 & sell x aga9 = ?ree times its value to ! v cultivators he b\ght x f1 x is evid5t t all ?is too comes f ! same cause4 ,& if "o man may n buy ( ano!r a commodity f ! o!r side ( a c]ta9 fix$ l9e1 call$ ! fronti]1 )\t pay+ c]ta9 duties on x to m5 :o h tak5 no "p :atev] 9 its production--& if m5 are driv5 to sell _! la/ c[ to pay taxes :i* ! gov]nm5t di/ributes among its function>ies1 & sp5ds on ma9ta9+ soldi]s to murd] ^! v taxpay]s--x w\ld appe> self-evid5t t all ?is does n come ab\t z ! result ( any ab/ract laws1 b is bas$ on j :at 0 done 9 ,orel1 & :i* may be done 9 ,t\la1 & is done p]iodically 9 "o =m or ano!r ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w :]ev] !re is a gov]nm5t1 & :]e !re are ri* & poor4 ,simply because torture & murd] are n employ$ 9 e in/ance ( oppression by =ce1 ^? :o enjoy ! exclusive privileges ( ! rul+ classes p]suade !mselves & o!rs t _! privileges are n bas$ on torture & murd]1 b on "s my/]i\s g5]al causes1 ab/ract laws1 & s on4 ,yet "o w\ld ?9k x 0 p]fectly cle> t if m51 :o consid] x unju/ 7& all ! work+ classes d consid] x s n[adays71 /ill pay ! pr9cipal "p ( ! produce ( _! labor away to ! capitali/ & ! l&[n]1 & pay taxes1 ?\gh !y "k to :at a bad use ^! taxes are put1 !y d s n f recognition ( ab/ract laws ( :i* !y h nev] he>d1 b only because !y "k !y w be beat5 & kill$ if !y don't d s4 ,& if !re is no ne$ to imprison1 beat1 & kill m5 e "t ! l&lord collects 8 r5ts1 e "t ^? :o are 9 want ( bread h to pay a sw9dl+ m]*ant ?ree times its value1 e "t ! factory h& has to be cont5t ) a wage less ?an half ( ! pr(it made by ! employ]1 & e "t a poor man pays 8 la/ ruble 9 taxes1 x is because s _m m5 h be5 beat5 & kill$ = try+ to resi/ ^! dem&s1 t ! lesson has n[ be5 le>nt v ?or\ghly4 ,j z a tra9$ tig]1 :o does n eat meat put "u 8 nose1 & jumps ov] a /ick at ! ^w ( comm&1 does n act ?us because he likes x1 b because he rememb]s ! r$-hot irons or ! fa/ ) :i* he 0 puni%$ e "t he did n obey2 s m5 submitt+ to :at is disadvantage\s or ev5 ru9\s to !m1 & consid]$ by !m z unju/1 act ?us because !y rememb] :at !y suff]$ = resi/+ x4 ,z = ^? :o pr(it by ! privileges ga9$ by previ\s acts ( viol5ce1 !y (t5 =get & l to =get h[ ^! privileges 7 obta9$4 ,b "o ne$ only recall ! facts ( hi/ory1 n ! hi/ory ( ! exploits ( diff]5t dyna/ies ( rul]s1 b real hi/ory1 ! hi/ory ( ! oppression ( ! majority by a small numb] ( m51 to see t all ! advantages ! ri* h ov] ! poor are bas$ on no?+ b flogg+1 imprisonm5t1 & murd]4 ,"o ne$ b reflect on ! unceas+1 p]si/5t /ruggle ( all to bett] _! mat]ial position1 :i* is ! guid+ motive ( m5 ( ! pres5t day1 to be conv9c$ t ! advantages ( ! ri* ov] ! poor c\ld nev] & c nev] be ma9ta9$ by any?+ b =ce4 ,!re may be cases ( oppression1 ( viol5ce1 & ( puni%m5ts1 ?\gh !y are r>e1 ! aim ( :i* is n to secure ! privileges ( ! prop]ti$ classes4 ,b "o may confid5tly ass]t t 9 any society :]e1 = e man liv+ 9 ease1 !re are t5 exhau/$ by labor1 envi\s1 covet\s1 & (t5 suff]+ ) _! families f direct privation1 all ! privileges ( ! ri*1 all _! luxuries & sup]fluities1 are obta9$ & ma9ta9$ only by tortures1 imprisonm5t1 & murd]4 ,! tra9 ,i met on ! #i? ( ,septemb] go+ ) soldi]s1 guns1 c>tridges1 & rods1 to confirm ! ri* l&[n] 9 ! possession ( a small =e/ :i* he _h tak5 f ! />v+ peasants1 :i* !y 7 9 ! dire/ ne$ (1 & he 0 9 no ne$ ( at all1 0 a /rik+ pro( ( h[ m5 are capable ( do+ de$s directly oppos$ to _! pr9ciples & _! consci5ce )\t p]ceiv+ x4 ,! special tra9 consi/$ ( "o fir/-class c>riage = ! gov]nor1 ! (ficials1 & (fic]s1 & sev]al luggage vans cramm$ full ( soldi]s4 ,! latt]1 sm>t "y fell[s 9 _! clean new uni=ms1 7 /&+ ab\t 9 gr\ps or sitt+ sw++ _! legs 9 ! wide op5 doorways ( ! luggage vans4 ,"s 7 smok+1 nudg+ ea* o!r1 jok+1 gr9n+1 & laugh+1 o!rs 7 mun*+ sunfl[] se$s & spitt+ out ! husks ) an air ( dignity4 ,"s ( !m ran along ! plat=m to dr9k "s wat] f a tub !re1 & :5 !y met ! (fic]s !y slack5$ _! pace1 made _! /upid ge/ure ( salutation1 rais+ _! h&s to _! heads ) s]i\s faces z ?\gh !y 7 do+ some?+ ( ! greate/ importance4 ,!y kept _! eyes on !m till !y _h pass$ by !m1 & !n set (f runn+ /ill m m]rily1 /amp+ _! heels on ! plat=m1 laugh+ & *att]+ aft] ! mann] ( heal?y1 good-natur$ "y fell[s1 travel+ 9 lively company4 ,!y 7 go+ to assi/ at ! murd] ( _! fa!rs or gr&fa!rs j z if !y 7 go+ on a p>ty ( pleasure1 or at any rate on "s q ord9>y bus9ess4 ,! same impression 0 produc$ by ! well-dress$ function>ies & (fic]s :o 7 scatt]$ ab\t ! plat=m & 9 ! fir/-class c>riage4 ,at a table cov]$ ) bottles 0 sitt+ ! gov]nor1 :o 0 responsible = ! :ole exp$ition1 dress$ 9 8 half-milit>y uni=m & eat+ some?+ :ile he *att$ tranquilly ab\t ! wea!r ) "s acqua9tances he _h met1 z ?\gh ! bus9ess he 0 ^u 0 ( s simple & ord9>y a "* t x c\ld n di/urb 8 s]5ity & 8 int]e/ 9 ! *ange ( wea!r4 ,at a little di/ance f ! table sat ! g5]al ( ! police4 ,he 0 n tak+ any refre%m5t1 & _h an imp5etrable bor$ expression1 z ?\gh he 7 we>y ( ! =malities to be gone ?r\gh4 ,on all sides (fic]s 7 bu/l+ noisily ab\t 9 _! r$ uni=ms trimm$ ) gold2 "o sat at a table f9i%+ 8 bottle ( be]1 ano!r /ood at ! buffet eat+ a cake1 & bru%+ ! crumbs (f 8 uni=m1 ?rew d[n 8 money ) a self-confid5t air2 ano!r 0 saunt]+ be=e ! c>riages ( our tra91 />+ at ! faces ( ! wom54 ,all ^! m5 :o 7 go+ to murd] or to torture ! fami%+ & def5seless creatures :o provide !m _! su/5ance _h ! air ( m5 :o knew v well t !y 7 do+ _! duty1 & "s 7 ev5 pr\d1 7 glory+ 9 :at !y 7 do+4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( x8 ,all ^! p are )9 half an h\r ( rea*+ ! place :]e1 9 ord] to provide a weal?y "y man ) ?ree ?\s& rubles /ol5 f a :ole community ( fami%+ peasants1 !y may be =c$ to commit ! mo/ horrible acts "o c conceive1 to murd] or torture1 z 0 done 9 ,orel1 innoc5t be+s1 _! bro!rs4 ,& !y see ! place & "t approa*+ ) untr\bl$ s]5ity4 ,to say t all ^! gov]nm5t (ficials1 (fic]s1 & soldi]s d n "k :at is be=e !m is impossible1 = !y are prep>$ = x4 ,! gov]nor mu/ h giv5 directions ab\t ! rods1 ! (ficials mu/ h s5t an ord] = !m1 pur*as$ !m1 & ent]$ ! item 9 _! acc\nts4 ,! milit>y (fic]s h giv5 & receiv$ ord]s ab\t c>tridges4 ,!y all "k t !y are go+ to torture1 p]haps to kill1 _! fami%+ fell[-creatures1 & t !y mu/ set to "w )9 an h\r4 ,to say1 z is usually said1 & z !y w\ld !mselves repeat1 t !y are act+ f conviction ( ! necessity = support+ ! /ate organization1 w\ld be a mi/ake4 ,= 9 ! fir/ place1 ^! m5 h probably nev] ev5 ?\ght ab\t /ate organization & ! necessity ( x2 9 ! second place1 !y _c possibly be conv9c$ t ! act 9 :i* !y are tak+ "p w t5d to support r ?an to ru9 ! /ate2 & ?irdly1 9 reality ! majority1 if n all1 ( ^! m51 f> f ev] sacrific+ _! own pleasure or tranquillity to support ! /ate1 nev] let slip an opportunity ( pr(it+ at ! exp5se ( ! /ate 9 e way !y c increase _! own pleasure & ease4 ,s t !y are n act+ ?us = ! sake ( ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( ! /ate4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( x8 ,yet ,i "k all ^! m54 ,if ,i don't "k all ( !m p]sonally1 ,i "k _! *>act]s pretty ne>ly1 _! pa/1 & _! way ( ?9k+4 ,!y c]ta9ly all h mo!rs1 "s ( !m wives & *ildr54 ,!y are c]ta9ly = ! mo/ "p good1 k9d1 ev5 t5d]-he>t$ fell[s1 :o hate e sort ( cruelty1 n to speak ( murd]2 _m ( !m w\ld n kill or hurt an animal4 ,moreov]1 !y are all pr(ess$ ,*ri/ians & reg>d all viol5ce direct$ aga9/ ! def5seless z base & disgraceful4 ,c]ta9ly n "o ( !m w\ld be capable 9 ev]yday life1 = 8 own p]sonal pr(it1 ( do+ a hundr$? "p ( :at ! ,gov]nor ( ,orel did4 ,e "o ( !m w\ld be insult$ at ! supposition t he 0 capable ( do+ any?+ ( ! k9d 9 private life4 ,& yet !y are )9 half an h\r ( rea*+ ! place :]e !y may be r$uc$ to ! inevitable necessity ( committ+ ?is crime4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( x8 ,b x is n only ^! m5 :o are go+ by tra9 prep>$ = murd] & torture4 ,h[ c\ld ! m5 :o began ! :ole bus9ess1 ! l&[n]1 ! commission]1 ! judges1 & ^? :o gave ! ord] & are responsible = x1 ! m9i/]s1 ! ,tz>1 :o are also good m51 pr(ess$ ,*ri/ians1 h[ c\ld !y elaborate su* a plan & ass5t to x1 kn[+ its consequ5ces8 ,! spectators ev51 :o took no "p 9 ! affair1 h[ c\ld !y1 :o are indignant at ! sight ( any cruelty 9 private life1 ev5 ! ov]tax+ ( a horse1 all[ su* a horrible de$ to be p]petrat$8 ,h[ 0 x !y did n rise 9 indignation & b> ! roads1 %\t+1 ,no2 flog & kill />v+ m5 because !y won't let _! la/ possession be /ol5 f !m )\t resi/ance1 t we won't all[6 ,b f> f anyone do+ ?is1 ! majority1 ev5 ( ^? :o 7 ! cause ( ! affair1 su* z ! commission]1 ! l&[n]1 ! judge1 & ^? :o took "p 9 x & arrang$ x1 z ! gov]nor1 ! m9i/]s1 & ! ,tz>1 are p]fectly tranquil & d n ev5 feel a prick ( consci5ce4 ,& app>5tly all ! m5 :o are go+ to c>ry out ?is crime are equally undi/urb$4 ,! spectators1 :o "o w\ld suppose c\ld h no p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! affair1 look$ r ) sympa?y ?an ) disapproval at all ^! p prep>+ to c>ry out ?is infam\s action4 ,9 ! same comp>tm5t ) me 0 a wood m]*ant1 :o _h ris5 f a peasant4 ,he op5ly express$ al\d 8 sympa?y ) su* puni%m5ts4 ,!y c't disobey ! au?orities1 he said2 t's :at ! au?orities are =4 ,let !m h a lesson2 s5d _! fleas fly+6 ,!y'll give ov] mak+ commotions1 ,i w>rant y4 ,t's :at !y want4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( x8 ,x is n possible to say t all ^! p :o h provok$ or aid$ or all[$ ?is de$ are su* wor?less creatures t1 kn[+ all ! infamy ( :at !y are do+1 !y d x aga9/ _! pr9ciples1 "s = pay & = pr(it1 o!rs ?r\gh fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,all ( !m 9 c]ta9 circum/ances "k h[ to /& up = _! pr9ciples4 ,n "o ( ^! (ficials w\ld /eal a purse1 read ano!r man's lett]1 or put up ) an affront )\t dem&+ satisfaction4 ,n "o ( ^! (fic]s w\ld cons5t to *eat at c>ds1 w\ld refuse to pay a debt ( honor1 w\ld betray a comrade1 run away on ! field ( battle1 or des]t ! flag4 ,n "o ( ^! soldi]s w\ld spit out ! holy sacram5t or eat meat on ,good ,friday4 ,all ^! m5 are ready to face any k9d ( privation1 suff]+1 or dang] r ?an cons5t to d :at !y reg>d z wrong4 ,!y h !re=e ! /r5g? to resi/ do+ :at is aga9/ _! pr9ciples4 ,x is ev5 less possible to ass]t t all ^! m5 are su* brutes t x is natural & n di/a/eful to !m to d su* de$s4 ,"o ne$ only talk to ^! p a little to see t all ( !m1 ! l&[n] ev51 & ! judge1 & ! m9i/] & ! ,tz> & ! gov]nm5t1 ! (fic]s & ! soldi]s1 n only disapprove ( su* ?+s 9 ! dep? ( _! s\l1 b suff] f ! consci\sness ( _! p>ticipation 9 !m :5 !y recollect :at !y imply4 ,b !y try n to ?9k ab\t x4 ,"o ne$ only talk to any ( ^! :o are tak+ "p 9 ! affair f ! l&[n] to ! l[e/ policeman or soldi] to see t 9 ! dep? ( _! s\l !y all "k x is a wick$ ?+1 t x w\ld be bett] to h no?+ to d ) x1 & are suff]+ f ! k4 ,a lady ( lib]al views1 :o 0 travel+ 9 ! same tra9 ) u1 see+ ! gov]nor & ! (fic]s 9 ! fir/-class saloon & le>n+ ! object ( ! exp$ition1 began1 int5tionally rais+ h] voice s t !y %\ld he>1 to abuse ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s & to cry %ame on m5 :o w\ld take "p 9 su* proce$+s4 ,ev]yone felt awkw>d1 none knew :]e to look1 b no "o contradict$ h]4 ,!y tri$ to look z ?\gh su* rem>ks 7 n wor? answ]+4 ,b "o c\ld see by _! faces & _! av]t$ eyes t !y 7 a%am$4 ,i notic$ ! same ?+ 9 ! soldi]s4 ,!y too knew t :at !y 7 s5t to d 0 a %ameful ?+1 b !y did n want to ?9k ab\t :at 0 be=e !m4 ,:5 ! wood m]*ant1 z ,i suspect ins9c]ely only to %[ t he 0 a man ( education1 began to speak ( ! necessity ( su* measures1 ! soldi]s :o he>d him all turn$ away f him1 sc[l+ & pret5d+ n to he>4 ,all ! m5 :o1 l ! l&[n]1 ! commission]1 ! m9i/]1 & ! ,tz>1 7 responsible = ! p]petration ( ?is act1 z well z ^? :o 7 n[ go+ to execute x1 & ev5 ^? :o 7 m]e spectators ( x1 knew t x 0 a wick$ness1 & 7 a%am$ ( tak+ any %>e 9 x1 & ev5 ( be+ pres5t at x4 ,!n :y did !y d x1 or all[ x to be done8 ,ask !m ! "q4 ,& ! l&[n] :o />t$ ! affair1 & ! judge :o pron\nc$ a cle>ly unju/ ev5 ?\gh =mally legal decision1 & ^? :o comm&$ ! execution ( ! decision1 & ^? :o1 l ! policem51 soldi]s1 & peasants1 w execute ! de$ ) _! own h&s1 flogg+ & kill+ _! bro!rs1 all :o h devis$1 abett$1 decre$1 execut$1 or all[$ su* crimes1 w make sub/antially ! same reply4 ,! au?orities1 ^? :o h />t$1 devis$1 & decre$ ! matt]1 w say t su* acts are necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ ord]2 ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ ord] is necess>y = ! welf>e ( ! c\ntry & ( humanity1 = ! possibility ( social exi/5ce & human progress4 ,m5 ( ! poor] class1 peasants & soldi]s1 :o w h to execute ! de$ ( viol5ce ) _! own h&s1 say t !y d s because x is ! comm& ( _! sup]ior au?ority1 & ! sup]ior au?ority kn[s :at he is ab\t4 ,t ^? are 9 au?ority :o ought to be 9 au?ority1 & t !y "k :at !y are do+ appe>s to !m a tru? ( :i* !re c be no d\bt4 ,if !y c\ld admit ! possibility ( mi/ake or error1 x w\ld only be 9 function>ies ( a l[] grade2 ! highe/ au?ority on :i* all ! re/ dep5ds seems to !m immaculate beyond suspicion4 ,?\gh express+ ! motives ( _! conduct diff]5tly1 bo? ^? 9 comm& & _! subord9ates are agre$ 9 say+ t !y act ?us because ! exi/+ ord] is ! ord] :i* mu/ & ought to exi/ at ! pres5t "t1 & t !re=e to support x is ! sacr$ duty ( e man4 ,on ?is acceptance ( ! necessity & !re=e immutability ( ! exi/+ ord]1 all :o take "p 9 acts ( viol5ce on ! "p ( gov]nm5t base ! argum5t always advanc$ 9 _! ju/ification4 ,s9ce ! exi/+ ord] is immutable1 !y say1 ! refusal ( a s+le individual to p]=m ! duties laid ^u him w effect no *ange 9 ?+s1 & w only mean t "s o!r man w be put 9 8 place :o may d ! "w worse1 t is to say1 m cruelly1 to ! /ill great] injury ( ! victims ( ! act ( viol5ce4 ,?is conviction t ! exi/+ ord] is ! necess>y & !re=e immutable ord]1 :i* x is a sacr$ duty = e man to support1 enables good m51 ( high pr9ciples 9 private life1 to take "p ) consci5ce m or less untr\bl$ 9 crimes su* z t p]petrat$ 9 ,orel1 & t :i* ! m5 9 ! ,t\la tra9 7 go+ to p]petrate4 ,b :at is ?is conviction bas$ on8 ,x is easy to und]/& t ! l&[n] pref]s to believe t ! exi/+ ord] is inevitable & immutable1 because ?is exi/+ ord] secures him an income f 8 hundr$s & ?\s&s ( acres1 by means ( :i* he c lead 8 habitual indol5t & luxuri\s life4 ,x is easy to und]/& t ! judge readily believes 9 ! necessity ( an ord] ( ?+s ?r\gh :i* he receives a wage fifty times z great z ! mo/ indu/ri\s labor] c e>n1 & ! same applies to all ! high] (ficials4 ,x is only "u ! exi/+ rgime t z gov]nor1 prosecutor1 s5ator1 memb]s ( ! v>i\s c\ncils1 !y c receive _! sev]al ?\s&s ( rubles a ye>1 )\t :i* !y & _! families w\ld at once s9k into ru91 s9ce if x 7 n = ! position !y occupy !y w\ld nev] by _! own abilities1 indu/ry1 or acquirem5ts get a ?\s&? "p ( _! sal>ies4 ,! m9i/]1 ! ,tz>1 & all ! high] au?orities are 9 ! same position4 ,! only di/9ction is t ! high] & ! m exceptional _! position1 ! m necess>y x is = !m to believe t ! exi/+ ord] is ! only possible ord] ( ?+s4 ,= )\t x !y w\ld n only be unable to ga9 an equal position1 b w\ld be f\nd to fall l[] ?an all o!r p4 ,a man :o has ( 8 own free w ent]$ ! police =ce at a wage ( t5 rubles1 :i* he c\ld easily e>n 9 any o!r position1 is h>dly dep5d5t on ! pres]vation ( ! exi/+ rgime1 & s he may n believe 9 its immutability4 ,b a k+ or an emp]or1 :o receives millions = 8 po/1 & kn[s t !re are ?\s&s ( p r\nd him :o w\ld l to de?rone him & take 8 place1 :o kn[s t he w nev] receive su* a rev5ue or s mu* honor 9 any o!r position1 :o kn[s1 9 mo/ cases ?r\gh 8 m or less despotic rule1 t if he 7 de?ron$ he w\ld h to answ] = all 8 abuse ( p[]--he _c b believe 9 ! necessity & ev5 sacr$ness ( ! exi/+ ord]4 ,! high] & ! m pr(itable a man's position1 ! m un/able x becomes1 & ! m t]rible & dang]\s a fall f x = him1 ! m firmly ! man believes 9 ! exi/+ ord]1 & !re=e ) ! m ease ( consci5ce c su* a man p]petrate cruel & wick$ acts1 z ?\gh !y 7 n 9 8 own int]e/1 b = ! ma9t5ance ( t ord]4 ,?is is ! case ) all m5 9 au?ority1 :o occupy positions m pr(itable ?an !y c\ld occupy except = ! pres5t rgime1 f ! l[e/ police (fic] to ! ,tz>4 ,all ( !m are m or less conv9c$ t ! exi/+ ord] is immutable1 because--! *ief consid]ation--x is to _! advantage4 ,b ! peasants1 ! soldi]s1 :o are at ! bottom ( ! social scale1 :o h no k9d ( advantage f ! exi/+ ord]1 :o are 9 ! v l[e/ position ( subjection & humiliation1 :at =ces !m to believe t ! exi/+ ord] 9 :i* !y are 9 _! humble & disadvantage\s position is ! ord] :i* ought to exi/1 & :i* !y ought to support ev5 at ! co/ ( evil actions contr>y to _! consci5ce8 ,:at =ces ^! m5 to ! false reason+ t ! exi/+ ord] is un*ang+1 & t !re=e !y ought to support x1 :5 x is s obvi\s1 on ! contr>y1 t x is only un*ang+ because !y !mselves support x8 ,:at =ces ^! peasants1 tak5 only ye/]day f ! pl[ & dress$ 9 ugly & unseemly co/umes ) blue coll>s & gilt buttons1 to g ) guns & sab]s & murd] _! fami%+ fa!rs & bro!rs8 ,!y ga9 no k9d ( advantage & c be 9 no fe> ( los+ ! position !y occupy1 because x is worse ?an t f :i* !y h be5 tak54 ,! p]sons 9 au?ority ( ! high] ord]s--l&[n]s1 m]*ants1 judges1 s5ators1 gov]nors1 m9i/]s1 tz>s1 & (fic]s--take "p 9 su* do+s because ! exi/+ ord] is to _! advantage4 ,9 o!r respects !y are (t5 good & k9d-he>t$ m51 & !y are m able to take "p 9 su* do+s because _! %>e 9 !m is limit$ to sugge/ions1 decisions1 & ord]s4 ,^! p]sons 9 au?ority nev] d !mselves :at !y sugge/1 decide1 or comm& to be done4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y d n ev5 see h[ all ! atroci\s de$s !y h sugge/$ & au?oriz$ are c>ri$ out4 ,b ! un=tunate m5 ( ! l[] ord]s1 :o ga9 no k9d ( advantage f ! exi/+ rgime1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are treat$ ) ! utmo/ contempt1 support x ev5 by dragg+ p ) _! own h&s f _! families1 h&cuff+ !m1 ?r[+ !m 9 prison1 gu>d+ !m1 %oot+ !m4 ,:y d !y d x8 ,:at =ces !m to believe t ! exi/+ ord] is un*ang+ & !y mu/ support x8 ,all viol5ce re/s1 we "k1 on ^? :o d ! beat+1 ! h&cuff+1 ! imprison+1 & ! kill+ ) _! own h&s4 ,if !re 7 no soldi]s or arm$ policem51 ready to kill or outrage anyone z !y are ord]$1 n "o ( ^? p :o sign s5t5ces ( dea?1 imprisonm5t1 or galley-slav]y = life w\ld make up 8 m9d to hang1 imprison1 or torture a ?\s&? "p ( ^? :om1 quietly sitt+ 9 8 /udy1 he n[ ord]s to be tortur$ 9 all k9ds ( ways1 simply because he does n see x nor d x himself1 b only gets x done at a di/ance by ^! s]vile tools4 ,all ! acts ( inju/ice & cruelty :i* are committ$ 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( daily life h only become habitual because !re are ^! m5 always ready to c>ry out su* acts ( inju/ice & cruelty4 ,if x 7 n = !m1 f> f anyone us+ viol5ce aga9/ ! imm5se masses :o are n[ ill-treat$1 ^? :o n[ comm& _! puni%m5t w\ld n v5ture to s5t5ce !m1 w\ld n ev5 d>e to dream ( ! s5t5ces !y decree ) su* easy confid5ce at pres5t4 ,& if x 7 n = ^! m51 ready to kill or torture anyone at _! comm&]'s w1 no "o w\ld d>e to claim1 z all ! idle l&[n]s claim ) su* assurance1 t a piece ( l&1 surr\nd$ by peasants1 :o are 9 wret*$ness f want ( l&1 is ! prop]ty ( a man :o does n cultivate x1 or t /ores ( corn tak5 by sw9dl+ f ! peasants ought to rema9 unt\*$ 9 ! mid/ ( a population dy+ ( hung] because ! m]*ants mu/ make _! pr(it4 ,if x 7 n = ^! s]vile in/rum5ts at ! disposal ( ! au?orities1 x c\ld nev] h ent]$ ! head ( ! l&[n] to rob ! peasants ( ! =e/ !y _h t5d$1 nor ( ! (ficials to ?9k !y are entitl$ to _! sal>ies1 tak5 f ! fami%+ p1 ! price ( _! oppression2 lea/ ( all c\ld anyone dream ( kill+ or exil+ m5 = expos+ falsehood & tell+ ! tru?4 ,all ?is c only be done because ! au?orities are confid5tly assur$ t !y h always ^! s]vile tools at h&1 ready to c>ry all _! dem&s into effect by means ( torture & murd]4 ,all ! de$s ( viol5ce ( tyrants f ,napoleon to ! l[e/ comm&] ( a company :o fires ^u a cr[d1 c only be expla9$ by ! intoxicat+ effect ( _! absolute p[] ov] ^! slaves4 ,all =ce1 !re=e1 re/s on ^! m51 :o c>ry out ! de$s ( viol5ce ) _! own h&s1 ! m5 :o s]ve 9 ! police or ! army1 especially ! army1 = ! police only v5ture to d _! "w because ! army is at _! back4 ,:at1 !n1 has br\ght ^! masses ( hone/ m51 on :om ! :ole ?+ dep5ds1 :o ga9 no?+ by x1 & :o h to d ^! atroci\s de$s ) _! own h&s1 :at has br\ght !m to accept ! amaz+ delusion t ! exi/+ ord]1 unpr(itable1 ru9\s1 & fatal z x is = !m1 is ! ord] :i* ought to exi/8 ,:o has l$ !m into ?is amaz+ delusion8 ,!y c nev] h p]suad$ !mselves t !y ought to d :at is aga9/ _! consci5ce1 & also ! s\rce ( mis]y & ru9 = !mselves1 & all _! class1 :o make up n9e-t5?s ( ! population4 ,h[ c y kill p1 :5 x is writt5 9 ,god's comm&m5t3 ',?\ %alt n kill'8 ,i h (t5 inquir$ ( diff]5t soldi]s4 ,& ,i always drove !m to emb>rassm5t & confusion by rem9d+ !m ( :at !y did n want to ?9k ab\t4 ,!y knew !y 7 b\nd by ! law ( ,god1 ,?\ %alt n kill1 & knew too t !y 7 b\nd by _! duty z soldi]s1 b _h nev] reflect$ on ! contradiction betwe5 ^! duties4 ,! drift ( ! timid answ]s ,i receiv$ to ?is "q 0 always approximately ?is3 t kill+ 9 w> & execut+ crim9als by comm& ( ! gov]nm5t are n includ$ 9 ! g5]al prohibition ( murd]4 ,b :5 ,i said ?is di/9ction 0 n made 9 ! law ( ,god1 & rem9d$ !m ( ! ,*ri/ian duty ( frat]nity1 =giv5ess ( injuries1 & love1 :i* c\ld n be reconcil$ ) murd]1 ! peasants usually agre$1 b 9 _! turn began to ask me que/ions4 ,h[ does x happ51 !y inquir$1 t ! gov]nm5t :i* accord+ to _! ideas _c d wrong s5ds ! army to w> & ord]s crim9als to be execut$4 ,:5 ,i answ]$ t ! gov]nm5t does wrong 9 giv+ su* ord]s1 ! peasants fell into /ill great] confusion1 & ei!r broke (f ! conv]sation or else got angry ) me4 ,!y mu/ h f\nd a law = x4 ,! ar*bi%ops "k z mu* ab\t x z we d1 ,i %\ld hope1 a ,russian soldi] once obs]v$ to me4 ,& 9 say+ ?is ! soldi] obvi\sly set 8 m9d at re/1 9 ! full conviction t 8 spiritual guides _h f\nd a law :i* au?oriz$ 8 ance/ors1 & ! tz>s & _! desc5dants1 & millions ( m51 to s]ve z he 0 do+ himself1 & t ! "q ,i _h put him 0 a k9d ( hoax or conundrum on my "p4 ,ev]yone 9 our ,*ri/ian society kn[s1 ei!r by tradition or by revelation or by ! voice ( consci5ce1 t murd] is "o ( ! mo/ fe>ful crimes a man c commit1 z ! ,gospel tells u1 & t ! s9 ( murd] _c be limit$ to c]ta9 p]sons1 t is1 murd] _c be a s9 = "s & n a s9 = o!rs4 ,ev]yone kn[s t if murd] is a s91 x is always a s91 :oev] are ! victims murd]$1 j l ! s9 ( adult]y1 !ft1 or any o!r4 ,at ! same "t f _! *ildhood up m5 see t murd] is n only p]mitt$1 b ev5 sanction$ by ! bless+ ( ^? :om !y are accu/om$ to reg>d z _! div9ely appo9t$ spiritual guides1 & see _! secul> lead]s ) calm assurance organiz+ murd]1 pr\d to we> murd]\s arms1 & dem&+ ( o!rs 9 ! "n ( ! laws ( ! c\ntry1 & ev5 ( ,god1 t !y %\ld take "p 9 murd]4 ,m5 see t !re is "s inconsi/5cy "h1 b n be+ able to analyze x1 involunt>ily assume t ?is app>5t inconsi/5cy is only ! result ( _! ignorance4 ,! v grossness & obvi\sness ( ! inconsi/5cy confirms !m 9 ?is conviction4 ,!y _c imag9e t ! lead]s ( civilization1 ! educat$ classes1 c\ld s confid5tly prea* two su* oppos$ pr9ciples z ! law ( ,*ri/ & murd]4 ,a simple uncorrupt$ y\? _c imag9e t ^? :o /& s high 9 8 op9ion1 :om he reg>ds z holy or le>n$ m51 c\ld = any object :atev] mislead him s %amefully4 ,b ?is is j :at has always be5 & always is done to him4 ,x is done 7#a7 by in/ill+1 by example & direct in/ruction1 f *ildhood up1 into ! work+ p1 :o h n "t to /udy moral & religi\s que/ions = !mselves1 ! idea t torture & murd] are compatible ) ,*ri/ianity1 & t = c]ta9 objects ( /ate1 torture & murd] are n only admissible1 b ought to be employ$2 & 7#b7 by in/ill+ into c]ta9 ( ! p1 :o h ei!r volunt>ily enli/$ or be5 tak5 by compulsion into ! army1 ! idea t ! p]petration ( murd] & torture ) _! own h&s is a sacr$ duty1 & ev5 a glori\s exploit1 wor?y ( praise & rew>d4 ,! g5]al delusion is diffus$ among all p by means ( ! cate*isms or books1 :i* n[adays replace !m1 9 use = ! compulsory education ( *ildr54 ,9 !m x is /at$ t viol5ce1 t is1 imprisonm5t & execution1 z well z murd] 9 civil or =eign w> 9 ! def5se & ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ /ate organization 7:atev] t may be1 absolute or limit$ mon>*y1 conv5tion1 consulate1 empire ( ?is or t ,napoleon or ,b\lang]1 con/itutional mon>*y1 commune or republic7 is absolutely lawful & n oppos$ to morality & ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is is /at$ 9 all cate*isms or books us$ 9 s*ools4 ,& m5 are s ?or\ghly p]suad$ ( x t !y gr[ up1 live & die 9 t conviction )\t once ent]ta9+ a d\bt ab\t x4 ,?is is "o =m ( deception1 ! g5]al deception in/ill$ into ev]yone1 b !re is ano!r special deception practic$ ^u ! soldi]s or police :o are pick$ out by "o means or ano!r to d ! tortur+ & murd]+ necess>y to def5d & ma9ta9 ! exi/+ rgime4 ,9 all milit>y in/ructions !re appe>s 9 "o =m or ano!r :at is express$ 9 ! ,russian milit>y code 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,article #hg4 ,to c>ry out exactly & )\t comm5t ! ord]s ( a sup]ior (fic] means3 to c>ry out an ord] receiv$ f a sup]ior (fic] exactly )\t consid]+ :e!r x is good or n1 & :e!r x is possible to c>ry x out4 ,! sup]ior (fic] is responsible = ! consequ5ces ( ! ord] he gives4 ,article #hh4 ,! subord9ate ought nev] to refuse to c>ry out ! ord]s ( a sup]ior (fic] except :5 he sees cle>ly t 9 c>ry+ out 8 sup]ior (fic]'s comm&1 he breaks ! law ( ,god1 "o involunt>ily expects2 n at all 8 oa? ( fidelity & allegiance to ! ,tz>4 ,x is "h said t ! man :o is a soldi] c & ought to c>ry out all ! ord]s ( 8 sup]ior )\t exception4 ,& z ^! ord]s = ! mo/ "p involve murd]1 x foll[s t he ought to break all ! laws ( ,god & man4 ,! "o law he may n break is t ( fidelity & allegiance to ! man :o happ5s at a giv5 mom5t to be 9 p[]4 ,precisely ! same ?+ is said 9 o!r words 9 all codes ( milit>y in/ruction4 ,& x c\ld n be o!rwise1 s9ce ! :ole p[] ( ! army & ! /ate is bas$ 9 reality on ?is delusive emancipation ( m5 f _! duty to ,god & _! consci5ce1 & ! sub/itution ( duty to _! sup]ior (fic] = all o!r duties4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! f\ndation ( ! belief ( ! l[] classes t ! exi/+ rgime s fatal = !m is ! rgime :i* ought to exi/1 & :i* !y ought !re=e to support ev5 by torture & murd]4 ,?is belief is f\nd$ on a consci\s deception practic$ on !m by ! high] classes4 ,& x _c be o!rwise4 ,to compel ! l[] classes1 :i* are m num]\s1 to oppress & ill treat !mselves1 ev5 at ! co/ ( actions oppos$ to _! consci5ce1 x 0 necess>y to deceive !m4 ,& x has be5 done accord+ly4 ,n _m days ago ,i saw once m ?is %ameless deception be+ op5ly practic$1 & once m ,i m>vel$ t x c\ld be practic$ s easily & impud5tly4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 z ,i 0 pass+ ?r\gh ,t\la1 ,i saw once aga9 at ! gates ( ! ,zemsky ,c\rt-h\se ! cr[d ( peasants ,i _h s (t5 se5 be=e1 & he>d ! drunk5 %\ts ( ! m5 m+l$ ) ! pitiful lam5tations ( _! wives & mo!rs4 ,x 0 ! recruit+ session4 ,i c nev] pass by ! spectacle4 ,x attracts me by a k9d ( fasc9ation ( repulsion4 ,i aga9 w5t into ! cr[d1 took my /& among ! peasants1 look$ ab\t & ask$ que/ions4 ,& once aga9 ,i 0 amaz$ t ?is hide\s crime c be p]petrat$ s easily 9 broad daylight & 9 ! mid/ ( a l>ge t[n4 ,z ! cu/om is e ye>1 9 all ! villages & hamlets ( ! "o hundr$ millions ( ,russians1 on ! #a/ ( ,novemb]1 ! village eld]s _h assembl$ ! "y m5 inscrib$ on ! li/s1 (t5 _! own sons among !m1 & _h br\ght !m to ! t[n4 ,on ! road ! recruits h be5 dr9k+ )\t int]mission1 un*eck$ by ! eld]s1 :o feel t go+ on su* an insane err&1 ab&on+ _! wives & mo!rs & r5\nc+ all !y hold sacr$ 9 ord] to become a s5seless in/rum5t ( de/ruction1 w\ld be too agoniz+ if !y 7 n /upefi$ ) spirits4 ,& s !y h come1 dr9k+1 swe>+1 s++1 fight+ & scuffl+ ) "o ano!r4 ,!y h sp5t ! night 9 tav]ns4 ,9 ! morn+ !y h slept (f _! drunk5ness & h ga!r$ toge!r at ! ,zemsky ,c\rt-h\se4 ,"s ( !m1 9 new %eepsk9 pelisses1 ) knitt$ sc>ves r\nd _! necks1 _! eyes swoll5 f dr9k+1 are %\t+ wildly to "o ano!r to %[ _! c\rage2 o!rs1 cr[d$ ne> ! door1 are quietly & m\rnfully wait+ _! turn1 betwe5 _! weep+ wives & mo!rs 7,i _h *anc$ ^u ! day ( ! actual enroll+1 t is1 ! exam9ation ( ^? ^: names are on ! li/72 o!rs meantime 7 cr[d+ into ! hall ( ! recruit+ (fice4 ,inside ! (fice ! "w 0 go+ on rapidly4 ,! door is op5$ & ! gu>d calls ,piotr ,sidorov4 ,piotr ,sidorov />ts1 crosses himself1 & goes into a little room ) a glass door1 :]e ! conscripts undress4 ,a comrade ( ,piotr ,sidorov's1 :o has j be5 pass$ = s]vice1 & come nak$ out ( ! revision (fice1 is dress+ hurri$ly1 8 tee? *att]+4 ,sidorov has already he>d ! news1 & c see f 8 face too t he has be5 tak54 ,he wants to ask him que/ions1 b !y hurry him & tell him to make ha/e & undress4 ,he ?r[s (f 8 pelisse1 slips 8 boots (f 8 feet1 takes (f 8 wai/coat & draws 8 %irt ov] 8 head1 & nak$1 trembl+ all ov]1 & exhal+ an odor ( tobacco1 spirits1 & sweat1 goes into ! revision (fice1 n kn[+ :at to d ) 8 brawny b>e arms4 ,directly fac+ him 9 ! revision (fice hangs 9 a great gold frame a portrait ( ! ,tz> 9 full uni=m ) decorations1 & 9 ! corn] a little portrait ( ,*ri/ 9 a %irt & a cr[n ( ?orns4 ,9 ! middle ( ! room is a table cov]$ ) gre5 clo?1 on :i* !re are pap]s ly+ & a ?ree-corn]$ ornam5t surm\nt$ by an eagle--! z]tzal4 ,r\nd ! table are sitt+ ! revis+ (fic]s1 look+ collect$ & indiff]5t4 ,"o is smok+ a cig>ette2 ano!r is look+ ?r\gh "s pap]s4 ,directly ,sidorov comes 91 a gu>d goes up to him1 places him "u ! measur+ frame1 rais+ him "u 8 *91 & /raight5+ 8 legs4 ,! man ) ! cig>ette--he is ! doctor--comes up1 & )\t look+ at ! recruit's face1 b some:]e beyond x1 feels 8 body ov] ) an air ( disgu/1 measures him1 te/s him1 tells ! gu>d to op5 8 m\?1 tells him to brea!1 to speak4 ,someone notes some?+ d[n4 ,at la/ )\t hav+ once look$ him 9 ! face ! doctor says1 ,"r4 ,next "o6 & ) a we>y air sits d[n aga9 at ! table4 ,! soldi]s aga9 hu/le & hurry ! lad4 ,he someh[ gets into 8 tr\s]s1 wraps 8 feet 9 rags1 puts on 8 boots1 looks = 8 sc>f & cap1 & bundles 8 pelisse "u 8 arm4 ,!n !y lead him into ! ma9 hall1 %utt+ him (f ap>t f ! re/ by a b5*1 beh9d :i* all ! conscripts :o h be5 pass$ = s]vice are wait+4 ,ano!r village lad l himself1 b f a di/ant prov9ce1 n[ a soldi] arm$ ) a gun ) a %>p-po9t$ bayonet at ! end1 keeps wat* ov] him1 ready to run him ?r\gh ! body if he %\ld ?9k ( try+ to escape4 ,meantime ! cr[d ( fa!rs1 mo!rs1 & wives1 hu/l$ by ! police1 are press+ r\nd ! doors to he> ^: lad has be5 tak51 ^: is let (f4 ,"o ( ! reject$ comes out & ann\nces t ,piotr is tak51 & at once a %rill cry is he>d f ,piotr's "y wife1 = :om ?is ^w tak5 means sep>ation = f\r or five ye>s1 ! life ( a soldi]'s wife z a s]vant1 (t5 a pro/itute4 ,b "h comes a man along ! /reet ) fl[+ hair & 9 a peculi> dress1 :o gets out ( 8 droskhy & goes into ! ,zemsky ,c\rt-h\se4 ,! police cle> a way = him ?r\gh ! cr[d4 ,x is ! rev]5d fa!r come to adm9i/] ! oa?1 ,& ?is fa!r1 :o has be5 p]suad$ t he is specially & exclusively devot$ to ! s]vice ( ,*ri/1 & :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 does n himself see ! deception 9 :i* he lives1 goes into ! hall :]e ! conscripts are wait+4 ,he ?r[s r\nd him a k9d ( curta9 ( brocade1 pulls 8 long hair out ov] x1 op5s ! v ,gospel 9 :i* swe>+ is =bidd51 takes ! cross1 ! v cross on :i* ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$ because he w\ld n d :at ?is false s]vant ( 8 is tell+ m5 to d1 & puts !m on ! lect]n4 ,& all ^! unhappy1 def5seless1 & delud$ lads repeat aft] him ! lie1 :i* he utt]s ) ! assurance ( famili>ity4 ,he reads & !y repeat aft] him3 ,i promise & swe> by ,almighty ,god ^u 8 holy ,gospel1 etc41 to def5d1 etc41 & t is1 to murd] anyone ,i am told to1 & to d ev]y?+ ,i am told by m5 ,i "k no?+ (1 & :o c>e no?+ = me except z an in/rum5t = p]petrat+ ! crimes by :i* !y are kept 9 _! position ( p[]1 & my bro!rs 9 _! condition ( mis]y4 ,all ! conscripts repeat ^! f]oci\s words )\t ?9k+4 ,& !n ! s-call$ fa!r goes away ) a s5se ( hav+ correctly & consci5ti\sly done 8 duty4 ,& all ^! poor delud$ lads believe t ^! nons5sical & incompreh5sible words :i* !y h j utt]$ set !m free = ! :ole "t ( _! s]vice f _! duties z m51 & lay ^u !m fre% & m b9d+ duties z soldi]s4 ,& ?is crime is p]petrat$ publicly & no "o cries out to ! deceiv+ & ! deceiv$3 ,?9k :at y are do+2 ?is is ! base/1 false/ lie1 by :i* n bodies only1 b s\ls too1 are de/roy$4 ,no "o does ?is4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 all h be5 enroll$1 & !y are to be let out aga91 ! milit>y (fic] goes ) a confid5t & maje/ic air into ! hall :]e ! drunk51 *eat$ lads are %ut up1 & cries 9 a bold1 milit>y voice3 ,y\r heal?1 my lads6 ,i congratulate y on 's]v+ ! ,tz>6' ,& !y1 poor fell[s 7someone has giv5 !m a h9t be=eh&71 mutt] awkw>dly1 _! voices ?ick ) dr9k1 some?+ to ! effect t !y are glad4 ,meantime ! cr[d ( fa!rs1 mo!rs1 & wives is /&+ at ! doors wait+4 ,! wom5 keep _! te>ful eyes fix$ on ! doors4 ,!y op5 at la/1 & out come ! conscripts1 un/eady1 b try+ to put a good face on x4 ,"h are ,piotr & ,vania & ,mak> try+ n to look _! de> ones 9 ! face4 ,no?+ is he>d b ! wail+ ( ! wives & mo!rs4 ,"s ( ! lads embrace !m & weep ) !m1 o!rs make a %[ ( c\rage1 & o!rs try to com=t !m4 ,! wives & mo!rs1 kn[+ t !y w be left = ?ree1 f\r1 or five ye>s )\t _! breadw9n]s1 weep & rehe>se _! woes al\d4 ,! fa!rs say little4 ,!y only utt] a cluck+ s\nd ) _! tongues & sigh m\rnfully1 kn[+ t !y w see no m ( ! /eady lads !y h re>$ & tra9$ to help !m1 t !y w come back n ! same quiet h>d-work+ labor]s1 b = ! mo/ "p conceit$ & demoraliz$1 unfitt$ = _! simple life4 ,& !n all ! cr[d get into _! sl$ges aga9 & move away d[n ! /reet to ! tav]ns & pot-h\ses1 & l\d] ?an ev] s\nds ! m$ley ( s++ & sobb+1 drunk5 %\ts1 & ! wail+ ( ! wives & mo!rs1 ! s\nds ( ! accordeon & oa?s4 ,!y all turn into ! tav]ns1 ^: rev5ues g to ! gov]nm5t1 & ! dr9k+ b\t beg9s1 :i* /ifles _! s5se ( ! wrong :i* is be+ done !m4 ,= two or ?ree weeks !y g on liv+ at home1 & mo/ ( t "t !y are jaunt+1 t is1 dr9k+4 ,on a fix$ day !y collect !m1 drive !m toge!r l a flock ( %eep1 & beg9 to tra9 !m 9 ! milit>y ex]cises & drill4 ,_! tea*]s are fell[s l !mselves1 only deceiv$ & brutaliz$ two or ?ree ye>s soon]4 ,! means ( in/ruction are3 deception1 /upefaction1 bl[s1 & vodka4 ,& be=e a ye> has pass$ ^! good1 intellig5t1 heal?y-m9d$ lads w be z brutal be+s z _! in/ructors4 ,come1 n[1 suppose y\r fa!r 7 arre/$ & tri$ to make 8 escape8 ,i ask$ a "y soldi]4 ,i %\ld run him ?r\gh ) my bayonet1 he answ]$ ) ! fooli% intonation peculi> to soldi]s2 & if he made (f1 ,i ought to %oot him1 he add$1 obvi\sly pr\d ( kn[+ :at he mu/ d if 8 fa!r 7 escap+4 ,& :5 a good-he>t$ lad has be5 br\ght to a /ate l[] ?an t ( a brute1 he is j :at is want$ by ^? :o use him z an in/rum5t ( viol5ce4 ,he is ready2 ! man has be5 de/roy$ & a new in/rum5t ( viol5ce has be5 creat$4 ,& all ?is is done e ye>1 e autumn1 ev]y:]e1 ?r\gh all ,russia 9 broad daylight 9 ! mid/ ( l>ge t[ns1 :]e all may see x1 & ! deception is s clev]1 s skillful1 t ?\gh all m5 "k ! infamy ( x 9 _! he>ts1 & see all its horrible results1 !y _c ?r[ x (f & be free4 ,:5 "o's eyes are op5$ to ?is awful deception practic$ ^u u1 "o m>vels t ! tea*]s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion & ( morals1 ! in/ructors ( y\?1 or ev5 ! good-he>t$ & intellig5t p>5ts :o are to be f\nd 9 e society1 c tea* any k9d ( morality 9 a society 9 :i* x is op5ly admitt$ 7x is s admitt$1 "u all gov]nm5ts & all *ur*es7 t murd] & torture =m an indisp5sable elem5t 9 ! life ( all1 & t !re mu/ always be special m5 tra9$ to kill _! fell[s1 & t any "o ( u may h to become su* a tra9$ assass94 ,h[ c *ildr51 y\?s1 & p g5]ally be taught any k9d ( morality--n to speak ( tea*+ 9 ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity--side by side ) ! doctr9e t murd] is necess>y = ! public weal1 & !re=e legitimate1 & t !re are m51 ( :om ea* ( u may h to be "o1 ^: duty is to murd] & torture & commit all sorts ( crimes at ! w ( ^? :o are 9 possession ( au?ority4 ,if ?is is s1 & "o c & ought to murd] & torture1 !re is n1 & _c be1 any k9d ( moral law1 b only ! law t might is "r4 ,& ?is is j h[ x is4 ,9 reality t is ! doctr9e--ju/ifi$ to "s by ! !ory ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce--:i* reigns 9 our society4 ,&1 inde$1 :at sort ( e?ical doctr9e c\ld admit ! legitimacy ( murd] = any object :atev]8 ,x is z impossible z a !ory ( ma!matics admitt+ t two is equal to ?ree4 ,!re may be a semblance ( ma!matics admitt+ t two is equal to ?ree1 b !re c be no real sci5ce ( ma!matics4 ,& !re c only be a semblance ( e?ics 9 :i* murd] 9 ! %ape ( w> & ! execution ( crim9als is all[$1 b no true e?ics4 ,! recognition ( ! life ( e man z sacr$ is ! fir/ & only basis ( all e?ics4 ,! doctr9e ( an eye = an eye & a too? = a too? has be5 abrogat$ by ,*ri/ianity1 because x is ! ju/ification ( immorality1 & a m]e semblance ( equity1 & has no real mean+4 ,life is a value :i* has no weight nor size1 & _c be comp>$ to any o!r1 & s !re is no s5se 9 de/roy+ a life = a life4 ,besides1 e social law aims at ! amelioration ( man's life4 ,:at way1 !n1 c ! annihilation ( ! life ( "s m5 ameliorate m5's life8 ,annihilation ( life _c be a means ( ! amelioration ( life2 x is a suicidal act4 ,to de/roy ano!r life = ! sake ( ju/ice is z ?\gh a man1 to repair ! mis=tune ( los+ "o arm1 %\ld cut (f ! o!r arm = ! sake ( equity4 ,b putt+ aside ! s9 ( delud+ m5 into reg>d+ ! mo/ awful crime z a duty1 putt+ aside ! revolt+ s9 ( us+ ! "n & au?ority ( ,*ri/ to sanction :at he mo/ condemn$1 n to speak ( ! curse on ^? :o cause ^! little ones to (f5d--h[ c p :o *]i% _! own way ( life1 _! progress1 ev5 f ! po9t ( view ( _! p]sonal security1 all[ ! =mation 9 _! mid/ ( an ov]:elm+ =ce z s5seless1 cruel1 & de/ructive z e gov]nm5t is organiz$ on ! basis ( an army8 ,ev5 ! mo/ cruel b& ( brig&s is n s mu* to be dread$ z su* a gov]nm5t4 ,! p[] ( e brig& *ief is at lea/ s f> limit$ t ! m5 ( 8 b& pres]ve at lea/ "s human lib]ty1 & c refuse to commit acts oppos$ to _! consci5ce4 ,b1 ow+ to ! p]fection to :i* ! discipl9e ( ! army has be5 br\ght1 !re is no limit to *eck m5 :o =m "p ( a regul>ly organiz$ gov]nm5t4 ,!re are no crimes s revolt+ t !y w\ld n readily be committ$ by m5 :o =m "p ( a gov]nm5t or army1 at ! w ( anyone 7su* z ,b\lang]1 ,napoleon1 or ,p\ga*ef7 :o may *ance to be at _! head4 ,(t5 :5 "o sees conscription levies1 milit>y drills & maneuv]s1 police (fic]s ) load$ revolv]s1 & s5t9els at _! po/s ) bayonets on _! rifles2 :5 "o he>s = :ole days at a "t 7z ,i he> x 9 ,hamovniky :]e ,i live7 ! :i/le ( balls & ! dull ?ud z !y fall 9 ! s&2 :5 "o sees 9 ! mid/ ( a t[n :]e any ef=t at viol5ce 9 self-def5se is =bidd51 :]e ! sale ( p[d] & ( *emicals1 :]e furi\s driv+ & practic+ z a doctor )\t a diploma1 & s on1 are n all[$1 ?\s&s ( discipl9$ troops1 tra9$ to murd]1 & subject to "o man's w2 "o asks oneself h[ c p :o prize _! security quietly all[ x1 & put up ) x8 ,ap>t f ! immorality & evil effects ( x1 no?+ c possibly be m unsafe4 ,:at are p ?9k+ ab\t8 ,i don't mean n[ ,*ri/ians1 m9i/]s ( religion1 philan?ropi/s1 & morali/s1 b simply p :o value _! life1 _! security1 & _! com=t4 ,?is organization1 we "k1 w "w j z well 9 "o man's h&s z ano!r's4 ,to-day1 let u assume1 p[] is 9 ! h&s ( a rul] :o c be endur$1 b to-morr[ x may be seiz$ by a ,biron1 an ,elizabe?1 a ,ca!r9e1 a ,p\ga*ef1 a ,napoleon ,i41 or a ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,& ! man 9 au?ority1 endurable to-day1 may become a brute to-morr[1 or may be succe$$ by a mad or imbecile heir1 l ! ,k+ ( ,bav>ia or our ,paul ,i4 ,& n only ! highe/ au?orities1 b all little satraps scatt]$ ov] ev]y:]e1 l s _m ,g5]al ,b>anovs1 gov]nors1 police (fic]s ev51 & comm&]s ( companies1 c p]petrate ! mo/ awful crimes be=e !re is "t = !m to be remov$ f (fice4 ,& ?is is :at is con/antly happ5+4 ,"o involunt>ily asks h[ c m5 let x g on1 n f high] consid]ations only1 b f reg>d to _! own safety8 ,! answ] to ?is "q is t x is n all p :o d tol]ate x 7"s--! great] proportion--delud$ & submissive1 h no *oice & h to tol]ate any?+74 ,x is tol]at$ by ^? :o only "u su* an organization c occupy a position ( pr(it4 ,!y tol]ate x1 because = !m ! risks ( suff]+ f a fooli% or cruel man be+ at ! head ( ! gov]nm5t or ! army are always less ?an ! disadvantages to :i* !y w\ld be expos$ by ! de/ruction ( ! organization itself4 ,a judge1 a comm&] ( police1 a gov]nor1 or an (fic] w keep 8 position j ! same "u ,b\lang] or ! republic1 "u ,p\ga*ef or ,ca!r9e4 ,he w lose 8 pr(itable position = c]ta91 if ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s :i* secur$ x to him is de/roy$4 ,& s all ^! p feel no uneas9ess z to :o is at ! head ( ! organization1 !y w adapt !mselves to anyone2 !y only dread ! d[nfall ( ! organization itself1 & t is ! reason--?\gh (t5 an unconsci\s "o--t !y support x4 ,"o (t5 wond]s :y indep5d5t p1 :o are n =c$ to d s 9 any way1 ! s-call$ lite ( society1 %\ld g into ! army 9 ,russia1 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 & ev5 ,france1 & seek opportunities ( becom+ murd]]s4 ,:y d ev5 high-pr9cipl$ p>5ts s5d _! boys to milit>y s*ools8 ,:y d mo!rs buy _! *ildr5 toy helmets1 guns1 & swords z play?+s8 7,! peasant's *ildr5 nev] play at soldi]s1 by ! way74 ,:y d good m5 & ev5 wom51 :o h c]ta9ly no int]e/ 9 w>1 g into raptures ov] ! v>i\s exploits ( ,skobel(f & o!rs1 & vie ) "o ano!r 9 glorify+ !m8 ,:y d m51 :o are n oblig$ to d s1 & get no fee = x1 devote1 l ! m>%als ( nobility 9 ,russia1 :ole mon?s ( toil to a bus9ess physically disagreeable & morally pa9ful--! enroll+ ( conscripts8 ,:y d all k+s & emp]ors we> ! milit>y uni=m8 ,:y d !y all hold milit>y reviews1 :y d !y organize maneuv]s1 di/ribute rew>ds to ! milit>y1 & raise monum5ts to g5]als & successful comm&]s8 ,:y d ri* m5 ( indep5d5t position consid] x an honor to p]=m a valet's duties 9 att5dance on cr[n$ p]sonages1 flatt]+ !m & cr++ to !m & pret5d+ to believe 9 _! peculi> sup]iority8 ,:y d m5 :o h ceas$ to believe 9 ! sup]/itions ( ! m$ival ,*ur*1 & :o c\ld n possibly believe 9 !m s]i\sly & consi/5tly1 pret5d to believe 9 & give _! support to ! demoraliz+ & blasphem\s in/itution ( ! *ur*8 ,:y is x t n only gov]nm5ts b private p]sons ( ! high] classes1 try s jeal\sly to ma9ta9 ! ignorance ( ! p8 ,:y d !y fall ) su* fury on any ef=t at break+ d[n religi\s sup]/itions or really enlight5+ ! p8 ,:y d hi/orians1 noveli/s1 & poets1 :o h no hope ( ga9+ any?+ by _! flatt]ies1 make h]oes ( k+s1 emp]ors1 & conqu]ors ( pa/ times8 ,:y d m51 :o call !mselves le>n$1 d$icate :ole lifetimes to mak+ !ories to prove t viol5ce employ$ by au?ority aga9/ ! p is n viol5ce at all1 b a special "r8 ,"o (t5 wond]s :y a fa%ionable lady or an arti/1 :o1 "o w\ld ?9k1 w\ld take no int]e/ 9 political or milit>y que/ions1 %\ld always condemn /rikes ( work+ p1 & def5d w>2 & %\ld always be f\nd )\t hesitation oppos$ to ! "o1 favorable to ! o!r4 ,b "o no long] wond]s :5 "o realizes t 9 ! high] classes !re is an un]r+ in/9ct ( :at t5ds to ma9ta9 & ( :at t5ds to de/roy ! organization by virtue ( :i* !y enjoy _! privileges4 ,! fa%ionable lady _h c]ta9ly n reason$ out t if !re 7 no capitali/s & no army to def5d !m1 h] husb& w\ld h no =tune1 & %e c\ld n h h] ent]ta9m5ts & h] ball-dresses4 ,& ! arti/ c]ta9ly does n argue t he ne$s ! capitali/s & ! troops to def5d !m1 s t !y may buy 8 pictures4 ,b in/9ct1 replac+ reason 9 ?is in/ance1 guides !m un]r+ly4 ,& x is precisely ?is in/9ct :i* leads all m51 ) few exceptions1 to support all ! religi\s1 political1 & economic in/itutions :i* are to _! advantage4 ,b is x possible t ! high] classes support ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s simply because x is to _! advantage8 ,_c !y see t ?is ord] ( ?+s is ess5tially irrational1 t x is no long] consi/5t ) ! /age ( moral developm5t atta9$ by p1 & ) public op9ion1 & t x is fraught ) p]ils8 ,! gov]n+ classes1 or at lea/ ! good1 hone/1 & intellig5t p ( !m1 _c b suff] f ^! fundam5tal inconsi/5cies1 & see ! dang]s ) :i* !y are ?reat5$4 ,& is x possible t all ! millions ( ! l[] classes c feel easy 9 consci5ce :5 !y commit su* obvi\sly evil de$s z torture & murd] f fe> ( puni%m5t8 ,inde$1 x c\ld n be s1 nei!r ! =m] nor ! latt] c\ld fail to see ! irrationality ( _! conduct1 if ! complexity ( gov]nm5t organization did n obscure ! unnatural s5selessness ( _! actions4 ,s _m in/igate1 assi/1 or sanction ! commission ( e "o ( ^! actions t no "o :o has a h& 9 !m feels himself morally responsible = x4 ,x is ! cu/om among assass9s to oblige all ! witnesses ( a murd] to /rike ! murd]$ victim1 t ! responsibility may be divid$ among z l>ge a numb] ( p z possible4 ,! same pr9ciple 9 diff]5t =ms is appli$ "u ! gov]nm5t organization 9 ! p]petration ( ! crimes1 )\t :i* no gov]nm5t organization c\ld exi/4 ,rul]s always try to implicate z _m citiz5s z possible 9 all ! crimes committ$ 9 _! support4 ,( late ?is t5d5cy has be5 express$ 9 a v obvi\s mann] by ! obligation ( all citiz5s to take "p 9 legal processes z jurors1 9 ! army z soldi]s1 9 ! local gov]nm5t1 or legislative assembly1 z electors or memb]s4 ,j z 9 a wick] basket all ! ends are s hidd5 away t x is h>d to f9d !m1 9 ! /ate organization ! responsibility = ! crimes committ$ is s hidd5 away t m5 w commit ! mo/ atroci\s acts )\t see+ _! responsibility = !m4 ,9 anci5t times tyrants got cr$it = ! crimes !y committ$1 b 9 our day ! mo/ atroci\s infamies1 inconceivable "u ! ,n]os1 are p]petrat$ & no "o gets blam$ = !m4 ,"o set ( p h sugge/$1 ano!r set h propos$1 a ?ird h report$1 a f\r? h decid$1 a fif? h confirm$1 a six? h giv5 ! ord]1 & a sev5? set ( m5 h c>ri$ x out4 ,!y hang1 !y flog to dea? wom51 old m51 & innoc5t p1 z 0 done rec5tly among u 9 ,russia at ! ,yuzovsky factory1 & is always be+ done ev]y:]e 9 ,europe & ,am]ica 9 ! /ruggle ) ! an>*i/s & all o!r rebels aga9/ ! exi/+ ord]2 !y %oot & hang m5 by hundr$s & ?\s&s1 or massacre millions 9 w>1 or break m5's he>ts 9 solit>y conf9em5t1 & ru9 _! s\ls 9 ! corruption ( a soldi]'s life1 & no "o is responsible4 ,at ! bottom ( ! social scale soldi]s1 arm$ ) guns1 pi/ols1 & sab]s1 injure & murd] p1 & compel m5 ?r\gh ^! means to ent] ! army1 & are absolutely conv9c$ t ! responsibility = ! actions re/s solely on ! (fic]s :o comm& !m4 ,at ! top ( ! scale--! ,tz>s1 presid5ts1 m9i/]s1 & p>liam5ts decree ^! tortures & murd]s & milit>y conscription1 & are fully conv9c$ t s9ce !y are ei!r plac$ 9 au?ority by ! grace ( ,god or by ! society !y gov]n1 :i* dem&s su* decrees f !m1 !y _c be held responsible4 ,betwe5 ^! two extremes are ! int]m$i>y p]sonages :o sup]9t5d ! murd]s & o!r acts ( viol5ce1 & are fully conv9c$ t ! responsibility is tak5 (f _! %\ld]s p>tly by _! sup]iors :o h giv5 ! ord]1 p>tly by ! fact t su* ord]s are expect$ f !m by all :o are at ! bottom ( ! scale4 ,! au?ority :o gives ! ord]s & ! au?ority :o executes !m at ! two extreme ends ( ! /ate organization1 meet toge!r l ! two ends ( a r+2 !y support & re/ on "o ano!r & inclose all t lies )9 ! r+4 ,)\t ! conviction t !re is a p]son or p]sons :o w take ! :ole responsibility ( 8 acts1 n "o soldi] w\ld ev] lift a h& to commit a murd] or o!r de$ ( viol5ce4 ,)\t ! conviction t x is expect$ by ! :ole p n a s+le k+1 emp]or1 presid5t1 or p>liam5t w\ld ord] murd]s or acts ( viol5ce4 ,)\t ! conviction t !re are p]sons ( a high] grade :o w take ! responsibility1 & p ( a l[] grade :o require su* acts = _! welf>e1 n "o ( ! int]m$iate class w\ld sup]9t5d su* de$s4 ,! /ate is s organiz$ t :]ev] a man is plac$ 9 ! social scale1 8 irresponsibility is ! same4 ,! high] 8 grade ! m he is "u ! influ5ce ( dem&s f bel[1 & ! less he is controll$ by ord]s f above1 & vice v]sa4 ,all m51 !n1 b\nd toge!r by /ate organization1 ?r[ ! responsibility ( _! acts on "o ano!r1 ! peasant soldi] on ! nobleman or m]*ant :o is 8 (fic]1 & ! (fic] on ! nobleman :o has be5 appo9t$ gov]nor1 ! gov]nor on ! nobleman or son ( an (ficial :o is m9i/]1 ! m9i/] on ! memb] ( ! royal family :o occupies ! po/ ( ,tz>1 & ! ,tz> aga9 on all ^! (ficials1 noblem51 m]*ants1 & peasants4 ,b t is n all4 ,besides ! fact t m5 get rid ( ! s5se ( responsibility = _! actions 9 ?is way1 !y lose _! moral s5se ( responsibility also1 by ! fact t 9 =m+ !mselves into a /ate organization !y p]suade !mselves & ea* o!r s cont9ually1 & s indefatigably1 t !y are n all equal1 b z ! />s ap>t1 t !y come to believe x g5u9ely !mselves4 ,?us "s are p]suad$ t !y are n simple p l ev]yone else1 b special p :o are to be specially honor$4 ,x is in/ill$ into ano!r set ( m5 by e possible means t !y are inf]ior to o!rs1 & !re=e mu/ submit )\t a murmur to e ord] giv5 !m by _! sup]iors4 ,on ?is inequality1 above all1 on ! elevation ( "s & ! degradation ( o!rs1 re/s ! capacity m5 h ( be+ bl9d to ! insanity ( ! exi/+ ord] ( life1 & all ! cruelty & crim9ality ( ! deception practic$ by "o set ( m5 on ano!r4 ,^? 9 :om ! idea has be5 in/ill$ t !y are inve/$ ) a special sup]natural gr&eur & consequ5ce1 are s intoxicat$ ) a s5se ( _! own imag9>y dignity t !y cease to feel _! responsibility = :at !y d4 ,:ile ^?1 on ! o!r h&1 9 :om ! idea is fo/]$ t !y are inf]ior animals1 b\nd to obey _! sup]iors 9 ev]y?+1 fall1 ?r\gh ?is p]petual humiliation1 into a /range condition ( /upefi$ s]vility1 & 9 ?is /upefi$ /ate d n see ! significance ( _! actions & lose all consci\sness ( responsibility = :at !y d4 ,! int]m$iate class1 :o obey ! ord]s ( _! sup]iors on ! "o h& & reg>d !mselves z sup]ior be+s on ! o!r1 are intoxicat$ by p[] & /upefi$ by s]vility at ! same "t & s lose ! s5se ( _! responsibility4 ,"o ne$ only glance dur+ a review at ! comm&]-9-*ief1 intoxicat$ ) self-importance1 foll[$ by 8 ret9ue1 all on magnific5t & gayly app>el$ horses1 9 spl5did uni=ms & we>+ decorations1 & see h[ !y ride to ! h>moni\s & solemn /ra9s ( music be=e ! ranks ( soldi]s1 all pres5t+ arms & petrifi$ ) s]vility4 ,"o ne$ only glance at ?is spectacle to und]/& t at su* mom5ts1 :5 !y are 9 a /ate ( ! mo/ complete intoxication1 comm&]-9-*ief1 soldi]s1 & int]m$iate (fic]s alike1 w\ld be capable ( committ+ crimes ( :i* !y w\ld nev] dream "u o!r conditions4 ,! intoxication produc$ by su* /imulants z p>ades1 reviews1 religi\s solemnities1 & coronations1 is1 h[ev]1 an acute & tempor>y condition2 b !re are o!r =ms ( *ronic1 p]man5t intoxication1 to :i* ^? are liable :o h any k9d ( au?ority1 f t ( ! ,tz> to t ( ! l[e/ police (fic] at ! /reet corn]1 & also ^? :o are 9 subjection to au?ority & 9 a /ate ( /upefi$ s]vility4 ,! latt]1 l all slaves1 always f9d a ju/ification = _! own s]vility1 9 ascrib+ ! greate/ possible dignity & importance to ^? !y s]ve4 ,x is pr9cipally ?r\gh ?is false idea ( inequality1 & ! intoxication ( p[] & ( s]vility result+ f x1 t m5 associat$ 9 a /ate organization are enabl$ to commit acts oppos$ to _! consci5ce )\t ! lea/ scruple or remorse4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ?is intoxication1 m5 imag9e !mselves no long] simply m5 z !y are1 b "s special be+s--noblem51 m]*ants1 gov]nors1 judges1 (fic]s1 tz>s1 m9i/]s1 or soldi]s--no long] b\nd by ord9>y human duties1 b by o!r duties f> m weighty--! peculi> duties ( a nobleman1 m]*ant1 gov]nor1 judge1 (fic]1 tz>1 m9i/]1 or soldi]4 ,?us ! l&[n]1 :o claim$ ! =e/1 act$ z he did only because he fanci$ himself n a simple man1 hav+ ! same rights to life z ! peasants liv+ beside him & ev]yone else1 b a great l&[n]1 a memb] ( ! nobility1 & "u ! influ5ce ( ! intoxication ( p[] he felt 8 dignity (f5d$ by ! peasants' claims4 ,x 0 only ?r\gh ?is feel+ t1 )\t consid]+ ! consequ5ces t might foll[1 he s5t 9 a claim to be re9/at$ 9 8 pret5d$ rights4 ,9 ! same way ! judges1 :o wrongfully adjudg$ ! =e/ to ! proprietor1 did s simply because !y fanci$ !mselves n simply m5 l ev]yone else1 & s b\nd to be guid$ 9 ev]y?+ only by :at !y consid] "r1 b1 "u ! intoxicat+ influ5ce ( p[]1 imag9$ !mselves ! repres5tatives ( ! ju/ice :i* _c err2 :ile "u ! intoxicat+ influ5ce ( s]vility !y imag9$ !mselves b\nd to c>ry out to ! lett] ! in/ructions inscrib$ 9 a c]ta9 book1 ! s-call$ law4 ,9 ! same way all :o take "p 9 su* an affair1 f ! highe/ repres5tative ( au?ority :o signs 8 ass5t to ! report1 f ! sup]9t5d5t presid+ at ! recruit+ sessions1 & ! prie/ :o deludes ! recruits1 to ! l[e/ soldi] :o is ready n[ to fire on 8 own bro!rs1 imag9e1 9 ! intoxication ( p[] or ( s]vility1 t !y are "s conv5tional *>act]s4 ,!y d n face ! "q t is pres5t$ to !m1 :e!r or n !y ought to take "p 9 :at _! consci5ce judges an evil act1 b fancy !mselves v>i\s conv5tional p]sonages--"o z ! ,tz>1 ,god's ano9t$1 an exceptional be+1 call$ to wat* ov] ! happ9ess ( "o hundr$ millions ( m52 ano!r z ! repres5tative ( nobility2 ano!r z a prie/1 :o has receiv$ special grace by 8 ord9ation2 ano!r z a soldi]1 b\nd by 8 milit>y oa? to c>ry out all he is comm&$ )\t reflection4 ,only "u ! intoxication ( ! p[] or ! s]vility ( _! imag9$ positions c\ld all ^! p act z !y d4 ,7 n !y all firmly conv9c$ t _! respective vocations ( tz>1 m9i/]1 gov]nor1 judge1 nobleman1 l&[n]1 sup]9t5d5t1 (fic]1 & soldi] are some?+ real & important1 n "o ( !m w\ld ev5 ?9k )\t horror & av]sion ( tak+ "p 9 :at !y d n[4 ,! conv5tional positions1 e/abli%$ hundr$s ( ye>s1 recogniz$ = c5turies & by ev]yone1 di/+ui%$ by special names & dresses1 &1 moreov]1 confirm$ by e k9d ( solemnity1 h s p5etrat$ into m5's m9ds ?r\gh _! s5ses1 t1 =gett+ ! ord9>y conditions ( life common to all1 !y look at !mselves & ev]yone only f ?is conv5tional po9t ( view1 & are guid$ 9 _! e/imation ( _! own actions & ^? ( o!rs by ?is conv5tional /&>d4 ,?us we see a man ( p]fect sanity & ripe age1 simply because he is deck$ out ) "s fr+e1 or embroid]$ keys on 8 coat tails1 or a color$ ribbon only fit = "s gayly dress$ girl1 & is told t he is a g5]al1 a *amb]la91 a knight ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,&rew1 or "s simil> nons5se1 sudd5ly become self-important1 pr\d1 & ev5 happy1 or1 on ! contr>y1 gr[ melan*oly & unhappy to ! po9t ( fall+ ill1 because he has fail$ to obta9 ! expect$ decoration or title4 ,or :at is /ill m /rik+1 a "y man1 p]fectly sane 9 e o!r matt]1 indep5d5t & beyond ! fe> ( want1 simply because he has be5 appo9t$ judicial prosecutor or di/rict comm&]1 sep>ates a poor wid[ f h] little *ildr51 & %uts h] up 9 prison1 leav+ h] *ildr5 unc>$ =1 all because ! unhappy woman c>ri$ on a secret trade 9 spirits1 & s depriv$ ! rev5ue ( tw5ty-five rubles1 & he does n feel ! lea/ pang ( remorse4 ,or :at is /ill m amaz+2 a man1 o!rwise s5sible & good-he>t$1 simply because he is giv5 a badge or a uni=m to we>1 & told t he is a gu>d or cu/oms (fic]1 is ready to fire on p1 & nei!r he nor ^? ar\nd him reg>d him z to blame = x1 b1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld reg>d him z to blame if he did n fire4 ,to say no?+ ( judges & juries :o condemn m5 to dea?1 & soldi]s :o kill m5 by ?\s&s )\t ! slighte/ scruple m]ely because x has be5 in/ill$ into !m t !y are n simply m51 b jurors1 judges1 g5]als1 & soldi]s4 ,?is /range & abnormal condition ( m5 "u /ate organization is usually express$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,z a man1 ,i pity him2 b z gu>d1 judge1 g5]al1 gov]nor1 tz>1 or soldi]1 x is my duty to kill or torture him4 ,j z ?\gh !re 7 "s positions conf]r$ & recogniz$1 :i* w\ld exon]ate u f ! obligations laid on ea* ( u by ! fact ( our common humanity4 ,s1 = example1 9 ! case be=e u1 m5 are go+ to murd] & torture ! fami%+1 & !y admit t 9 ! dispute betwe5 ! peasants & ! l&[n] ! peasants are "r 7all ^? 9 comm& said z mu* to me74 ,!y "k t ! peasants are wret*$1 poor1 & hungry1 & ! l&[n] is ri* & inspires no sympa?y4 ,yet !y are all go+ to kill ! peasants to secure ?ree ?\s& rubles = ! l&[n]1 only because at t mom5t !y fancy !mselves n m5 b gov]nor1 (ficial1 g5]al ( police1 (fic]1 & soldi]1 respectively1 & consid] !mselves b\nd to obey1 n ! et]nal dem&s ( ! consci5ce ( man1 b ! casual1 tempor>y dem&s ( _! positions z (fic]s or soldi]s4 ,/range z x may seem1 ! sole explanation ( ?is a/oni%+ ph5om5on is t !y are 9 ! condition ( ! hypnotiz$1 :o1 !y say1 feel & act l ! creatures !y are comm&$ by ! hypnotiz] to repres5t4 ,:51 = in/ance1 x is sugge/$ to ! hypnotiz$ subject t he is lame1 he beg9s to walk lame1 t he is bl9d1 & he _c see1 t he is a wild bea/1 & he beg9s to bite4 ,?is is ! /ate1 n only ( ^? :o 7 go+ on ?is exp$ition1 b ( all m5 :o fulfill _! /ate & social duties 9 pref]5ce to & 9 detrim5t ( _! human duties4 ,! ess5ce ( ?is /ate is t "u ! influ5ce ( "o sugge/ion !y lose ! p[] ( criticis+ _! actions1 & !re=e d1 )\t ?9k+1 ev]y?+ consi/5t ) ! sugge/ion to :i* !y are l$ by example1 precept1 or ins9uation4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^? hypnotiz$ by sci5tific m5 & ^? "u ! influ5ce ( ! /ate hypnotism1 is t an imag9>y position is sugge/$ to ! =m] sudd5ly by "o p]son 9 a v brief space ( "t1 & s ! hypnotiz$ /ate appe>s to u 9 a /rik+ & surpris+ =m1 :ile ! imag9>y position sugge/$ by /ate influ5ce is induc$ sl[ly1 little by little1 imp]ceptibly f *ildhood1 sometimes dur+ ye>s1 or ev5 g5]ations1 & n 9 "o p]son alone b 9 a :ole society4 ,b1 x w be said1 at all times1 9 all societies1 ! majority ( p]sons--all ! *ildr51 all ! wom5 absorb$ 9 ! be>+ & re>+ ( ! "y1 all ! great mass ( ! labor+ population1 :o are "u ! necessity ( incessant & fatigu+ physical labor1 all ^? ( weak "* by nature1 all ^? :o are abnormally enfeebl$ intellectually by ! effects ( nicot9e1 alcohol1 opium1 or o!r intoxicants--are always 9 a condition ( incapacity = indep5d5t ?\ght1 & are ei!r 9 subjection to ^? :o are on a high] intellectual level1 or else "u ! influ5ce ( family or social traditions1 ( :at is call$ public op9ion1 & !re is no?+ unnatural or incongru\s 9 _! subjection4 ,& truly !re is no?+ unnatural 9 x1 & ! t5d5cy ( m5 ( small intellectual p[] to foll[ ! lead ( ^? on a high] level ( intellig5ce is a con/ant law1 & x is ow+ to x t m5 c live 9 societies & on ! same pr9ciples at all4 ,! m9ority consci\sly adopt c]ta9 rational pr9ciples ?r\gh _! correspond5ce ) reason1 :ile ! majority act on ! same pr9ciples unconsci\sly because x is requir$ by public op9ion4 ,su* subjection to public op9ion on ! "p ( ! un9tellectual does n assume an unnatural "* till ! public op9ion is split into two4 ,b !re are times :5 a high] tru?1 reveal$ at fir/ to a few p]sons1 gradually ga9s gr\nd till x has tak5 hold ( su* a numb] ( p]sons t ! old public op9ion1 f\nd$ on a l[] ord] ( tru?s1 beg9s to tott] & ! new is ready to take its place1 b has n yet be5 firmly e/abli%$4 ,x is l ! spr+1 ?is "t ( transition1 :5 ! old ord] ( ideas has n q brok5 up & ! new has n q ga9$ a foot+4 ,m5 beg9 to criticise _! actions 9 ! light ( ! new tru?1 b 9 ! meantime 9 practice1 ?r\gh in]tia & tradition1 !y cont9ue to foll[ ! pr9ciples :i* once repres5t$ ! highe/ po9t ( rational consci\sness1 b are n[ 9 flagrant contradiction ) x4 ,!n m5 are 9 an abnormal1 wav]+ condition1 feel+ ! necessity ( foll[+ ! new ideal1 & yet n bold en\gh to break ) ! old-e/abli%$ traditions4 ,su* is ! attitude 9 reg>d to ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity n only ( ! m5 9 ! ,t\la tra91 b ( ! majority ( m5 ( our times1 alike ( ! high] & ! l[] ord]s4 ,^? ( ! rul+ classes1 hav+ no long] any reasonable ju/ification = ! pr(itable positions !y occupy1 are =c$1 9 ord] to keep !m1 to /ifle _! high] rational faculty ( lov+1 & to p]suade !mselves t _! positions are indisp5sable4 ,& ^? ( ! l[] classes1 exhau/$ by toil & brutaliz$ ( set purpose1 are kept 9 a p]man5t deception1 practic$ delib]ately & cont9u\sly by ! high] classes ^u !m4 ,only 9 ?is way c "o expla9 ! amaz+ contradictions ) :i* our life is full1 & ( :i* a /rik+ example 0 pres5t$ to me by ! exp$ition ,i met on ! #i? ( ,septemb]2 good1 peaceful m51 kn[n to me p]sonally1 go+ ) untr\bl$ tranquillity to p]petrate ! mo/ bea/ly1 s5seless1 & vile ( crimes4 ,_h n !y "s means ( /ifl+ _! consci5ce1 n "o ( !m w\ld be capable ( committ+ a hundr$? "p ( su* a villa9y4 ,x is n t !y h n a consci5ce :i* =bids !m f act+ ?us1 j z1 ev5 ?ree or f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 p burnt m5 at ! /ake & put !m to ! rack !y _h a consci5ce :i* prohibit$ x2 ! consci5ce is !re1 b x has be5 put to sleep--9 ^? 9 comm& by :at ! psy*ologi/s call auto-sugge/ion2 9 ! soldi]s1 by ! direct consci\s hypnotiz+ ex]t$ by ! high] classes4 ,?\gh asleep1 ! consci5ce is !re1 & 9 spite ( ! hypnotism x is already speak+ 9 !m1 & x may awake4 ,all ^! m5 are 9 a position l t ( a man "u hypnotism1 comm&$ to d some?+ oppos$ to ev]y?+ he reg>ds z good & rational1 su* z to kill 8 "m or 8 *ild4 ,! hypnotiz$ subject feels himself b\nd to c>ry out ! sugge/ion--he ?9ks he _c /op--b ! ne>] he gets to ! "t & ! place ( ! action1 ! m ! b5umb$ consci5ce beg9s to /ir1 to resi/1 & to try to awake4 ,& no "o c say be=eh& :e!r he w c>ry out ! sugge/ion or n2 :i* w ga9 ! upp] h&1 ! rational consci5ce or ! irrational sugge/ion4 ,x all dep5ds on _! relative /r5g?4 ,t is j ! case ) ! m5 9 ! ,t\la tra9 & 9 g5]al ) ev]yone c>ry+ out acts ( /ate viol5ce 9 our day4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 m5 :o set out ) ! object ( murd] & viol5ce1 to make an example1 did n return till !y _h c>ri$ out _! object1 & !n1 untr\bl$ by d\bts or scruples1 hav+ calmly flogg$ m5 to dea?1 !y return$ home & c>ess$ _! *ildr51 laugh$1 amus$ !mselves1 & enjoy$ ! peaceful pleasures ( family life4 ,9 ^? days x nev] /ruck ! l&[n]s & weal?y m5 :o pr(it$ by ^! crimes1 t ! privileges !y enjoy$ _h any direct connection ) ^! atrocities4 ,b n[ x is no long] s4 ,m5 "k n[1 or are n f> f kn[+1 :at !y are do+ & = :at object !y d x4 ,!y c %ut _! eyes & =ce _! consci5ce to be /ill1 b s long z _! eyes are op5$ & _! consci5ce undull$1 !y mu/ all--^? :o c>ry out & ^? :o pr(it by ^! crimes alike--see ! import ( !m4 ,sometimes !y realize x only aft] ! crime has be5 p]petrat$1 sometimes !y realize x j be=e its p]petration4 ,?us ^? :o comm&$ ! rec5t acts ( viol5ce 9 ,nijni-,novgorod1 ,s>atov1 ,orel1 & ! ,yuzovsky factory realiz$ _! significance only aft] _! p]petration1 & n[ ^? :o comm&$ & ^? :o c>ri$ out ^! crimes are a%am$ be=e public op9ion & _! consci5ce4 ,i h talk$ to soldi]s :o _h tak5 "p 9 ^! crimes1 & !y always /udi\sly turn$ ! conv]sation (f ! subject1 & :5 !y spoke ( x x 0 ) horror & bewild]m5t4 ,!re are cases1 too1 :5 m5 come to !mselves j be=e ! p]petration ( ! crime4 ,?us ,i "k ! case ( a s]geant-major :o _h be5 beat5 by two peasants dur+ ! repression ( disord] & _h made a compla9t4 ,! next day1 aft] see+ ! atrocities p]petrat$ on ! o!r peasants1 he entreat$ ! comm&] ( 8 company to te> up 8 compla9t & let (f ! two peasants4 ,i "k cases :5 soldi]s1 comm&$ to fire1 h refus$ to obey1 & ,i "k _m cases ( (fic]s :o h refus$ to comm& exp$itions = torture & murd]4 ,s t m5 sometimes come to _! s5ses long be=e p]petrat+ ! sugge/$ crime1 sometimes at ! v mom5t be=e p]petrat+ x1 sometimes only aft]w>d4 ,! m5 travel+ 9 ! ,t\la tra9 7 go+ ) ! object ( kill+ & injur+ _! fell[-creatures1 b none c\ld tell :e!r !y w\ld c>ry out _! object or n4 ,h[ev] obscure 8 responsibility = ! affair is to ea*1 & h[ev] /rong ! idea in/ill$ into all ( !m t !y are n m51 b gov]nors1 (ficials1 (fic]s1 & soldi]s1 & z su* be+s c violate e human duty1 ! ne>] !y approa* ! place ( ! execution1 ! /rong] _! d\bts z to its be+ "r1 & ?is d\bt w rea* its highe/ po9t :5 ! v mom5t = c>ry+ x out has come4 ,! gov]nor1 9 spite ( all ! /upefy+ effect ( 8 surr\nd+s1 _c help hesitat+ :5 ! mom5t comes to give f9al decisive comm&4 ,he kn[s t ! action ( ! ,gov]nor ( ,orel has call$ d[n ^u him ! disapproval ( ! be/ p1 & he himself1 influ5c$ by ! public op9ion ( ! circles 9 :i* he moves1 has m ?an once express$ 8 disapprobation ( him4 ,he kn[s t ! prosecutor1 :o ought to h come1 flatly refus$ to h any?+ to d ) x1 because he reg>d$ x z disgraceful4 ,he kn[s1 too1 t !re may be *anges any day 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & t :at 0 a gr\nd = advancem5t ye/]day may be ! cause ( disgrace to-morr[4 ,& he kn[s t !re is a press1 if n 9 ,russia1 at lea/ abroad1 :i* may report ! affair & cov] him ) ignom9y =ev]4 ,he is already consci\s ( a *ange 9 public op9ion :i* condemns :at 0 =m]ly a duty4 ,moreov]1 he _c feel fully assur$ t 8 soldi]s w at ! la/ mom5t obey him4 ,he is wav]+1 & none c say be=eh& :at he w d4 ,all ! (fic]s & function>ies :o accompany him exp]i5ce 9 great] or less degree ! same emotions4 ,9 ! dep?s ( _! he>ts !y all "k t :at !y are do+ is %ameful1 t to take "p 9 x is a discr$it & blemi% 9 ! eyes ( "s p ^: op9ion !y value4 ,!y "k t aft] murd]+ & tortur+ ! def5seless1 ea* ( !m w be a%am$ to face 8 betro!d or ! woman he is c\rt+4 ,& besides1 !y too1 l ! gov]nor1 are d\btful :e!r ! soldi]s' ob$i5ce to ord]s c be reckon$ on4 ,:at a contra/ ) ! confid5t air !y all put on z !y saunt]$ ab\t ! /ation & plat=m6 ,inw>dly !y 7 n only 9 a /ate ( suff]+ b ev5 ( susp5se4 ,inde$ !y only assum$ ?is bold & compos$ mann] to conceal ! wav]+ )94 ,& ?is feel+ increas$ z !y drew ne> ! sc5e ( action4 ,& imp]ceptible z x 01 & /range z x seems to say s1 all t mass ( lads1 ! soldi]s1 :o seem$ s submissive1 7 9 precisely ! same condition4 ,^! are n ! soldi]s ( =m] days1 :o gave up ! natural life ( indu/ry & devot$ _! :ole exi/5ce to debau*]y1 plund]1 & murd]1 l ! ,roman legion>ies or ! w>riors ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 or ev5 ! soldi]s ( m rec5t times :o s]v$ = tw5ty-five ye>s 9 ! army4 ,!y h mo/ly be5 only lately tak5 f _! families1 & are full ( ! recollections ( ! good1 rational1 natural life !y h left beh9d !m4 ,all ^! lads1 peasants = ! mo/ "p1 "k :at is ! bus9ess !y h come ab\t2 !y "k t ! l&[n]s always oppress _! bro!rs ! peasants1 & t !re=e x is mo/ likely ! same ?+ "h4 ,moreov]1 a majority ( !m c n[ read1 & ! books !y read are n all su* z exalt a milit>y life2 !re are "s :i* po9t out its immorality4 ,among !m are (t5 free-?9k+ comrades--:o h enli/$ volunt>ily--or "y (fic]s ( lib]al ideas1 & already ! fir/ g]m ( d\bt has be5 s[n 9 reg>d to ! unconditional legitimacy & glory ( _! occupation4 ,x is true t !y h all pass$ ?r\gh t t]rible1 skillful education1 elaborat$ ?r\gh c5turies1 :i* kills all initiative 9 a man1 & t !y are s tra9$ to me*anical ob$i5ce t at ! ^w ( comm&3 ,fire6--,all ! l9e6--,fire6 & s on1 _! guns w rise ( !mselves & ! habitual movem5ts w be p]=m$4 ,b ,fire6 n[ does n mean %oot+ into ! s& = amusem5t1 x means fir+ on _! brok5-d[n1 exploit$ fa!rs & bro!rs :om !y see !re 9 ! cr[d1 ) wom5 & *ildr5 %\t+ & wav+ _! arms4 ,"h !y are--"o ) 8 scanty be>d & pat*$ coat & plait$ %oes ( re$1 j l ! fa!r left at home 9 ,kazan or ,riazan prov9ce2 "o ) gray be>d & b5t back1 lean+ on a /aff l ! old gr&-fa!r2 "o1 a "y fell[ 9 boots & a r$ %irt1 j z he 0 himself a ye> ago--he1 ! soldi] :o mu/ fire ^u him4 ,!re1 too1 a woman 9 re$ %oes & panyova1 j l ! "m left at home4 ,is x possible !y mu/ fire on !m8 ,& no "o kn[s :at ea* soldi] w d at ! la/ m9ute4 ,! lea/ ^w1 ! slighte/ allusion w\ld be en\gh to /op !m4 ,at ! la/ mom5t !y w all f9d !mselves 9 ! position ( a hypnotiz$ man to :om x has be5 sugge/$ to *op a log1 :o com+ up to :at has be5 indicat$ to him z a log1 ) ! ax already lift$ to /rike1 sees t x is n a log b 8 sleep+ bro!r4 ,he may p]=m ! act t has be5 sugge/$ to him1 & he may come to 8 s5ses at ! mom5t ( p]=m+ x4 ,9 ! same way all ^! m5 may come to !mselves 9 "t or !y may g on to ! end4 ,if !y d n come to !mselves1 ! mo/ fe>ful crime w be committ$1 z 9 ,orel1 & !n ! hypnotic sugge/ion "u :i* !y act w be /r5g!n$ 9 all o!r m54 ,if !y d come to !mselves1 n only ?is t]rible crime w n be p]petrat$1 b _m also :o he> ( ! turn ! affair has tak5 w be emancipat$ f ! hypnotic influ5ce 9 :i* !y 7 held1 or at lea/ w be ne>] be+ emancipat$ f x4 ,ev5 if a few only come to !mselves1 & boldly expla9 to ! o!rs all ! wick$ness ( su* a crime1 ! influ5ce ( ^! few may r\se ! o!rs to %ake (f ! controll+ sugge/ion1 & ! atrocity w n be p]petrat$4 ,m ?an t1 if a few m51 ev5 ( ^? :o are n tak+ "p 9 ! affair b are only pres5t at ! prep>ations = x1 or h he>d ( su* ?+s be+ done 9 ! pa/1 d n rema9 indiff]5t b boldly & pla9ly express _! dete/ation ( su* crimes to ^? :o h to execute !m1 & po9t out to !m all ! s5selessness1 cruelty1 & wick$ness ( su* acts1 t alone w be productive ( good4 ,t 0 :at took place 9 ! in/ance be=e u4 ,x 0 en\gh = a few m51 "s p]sonally conc]n$ 9 ! affair & o!rs simply outsid]s1 to express _! disapproval ( flogg+s t _h tak5 place else:]e1 & _! contempt & loa?+ = ^? :o _h tak5 "p 9 inflict+ !m1 = a few p]sons 9 ! ,t\la case to express _! repugnance to hav+ any %>e 9 x2 = a lady travel+ by ! tra91 & a few o!r by/&]s at ! /ation1 to express to ^? :o =m$ ! exp$ition _! disgu/ at :at !y 7 do+2 = "o ( ! comm&]s ( a company1 :o 0 ask$ = troops = ! re/oration ( ord]1 to reply t soldi]s ought n to be but*]s--& ?anks to ^! & a few o!r seem+ly insignificant influ5ces br\ght to be> on ^! hypnotiz$ m51 ! affair took a completely diff]5t turn1 & ! troops1 :5 !y rea*$ ! place1 did n inflict any puni%m5t1 b cont5t$ !mselves ) cutt+ d[n ! =e/ & giv+ x to ! l&[n]4 ,_h n a few p]sons _h a cle> consci\sness t :at !y 7 do+ 0 wrong1 & consequ5tly influ5c$ "o ano!r 9 t direction1 :at 0 done at ,orel w\ld h tak5 place at ,t\la4 ,_h ?is consci\sness be5 /ill /rong]1 & _h ! influ5ce ex]t$ be5 !re=e great] ?an x 01 x might well h be5 t ! gov]nor ) 8 troops w\ld n ev5 h v5tur$ to cut d[n ! =e/ & give x to ! l&[n]4 ,_h t consci\sness be5 /rong] /ill1 x might well h be5 t ! gov]nor w\ld n h v5tur$ to g to ! sc5e ( action at all2 ev5 t ! m9i/] w\ld n h v5tur$ to =m ?is decision or ! ,tz> to ratify x4 ,all dep5ds1 !re=e1 on ! /r5g? ( ! consci\sness ( ,*ri/ian tru? on ! "p ( ea* individual man4 ,&1 !re=e1 "o w\ld h ?\ght t ! ef=ts ( all m5 ( ! pres5t day :o pr(ess to wi% to "w = ! welf>e ( humanity w\ld h be5 direct$ to /r5g!n+ ?is consci\sness ( ,*ri/ian tru? 9 !mselves & o!rs4 ,b1 /range to say1 x is precisely ^? p :o pr(ess mo/ anxiety = ! amelioration ( human life1 & are reg>d$ z ! lead]s ( public op9ion1 :o ass]t t !re is no ne$ to d t1 & t !re are o!r m effective means = ! amelioration ( m5's condition4 ,!y affirm t ! amelioration ( human life is effect$ n by ! ef=ts ( individual m51 to recognize & propagate ! tru?1 b by ! gradual modification ( ! g5]al conditions ( life1 & t !re=e ! ef=ts ( individuals %\ld be direct$ to ! gradual modification ( ext]nal conditions = ! bett]4 ,= e advocacy ( a tru? inconsi/5t ) ! exi/+ ord] by an individual is1 !y ma9ta91 n only useless b injuri\s1 s9ce x provokes co]cive measures on ! "p ( ! au?orities1 re/rict+ ^! individuals f cont9u+ any action useful to society4 ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e all modifications 9 human life are br\ght ab\t by precisely ! same laws z 9 ! life ( ! animals4 ,s t1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 all ! f\nd]s ( religions1 su* z ,moses & ! prophets1 ,confucius1 ,lao-,tse1 ,buddha1 ,*ri/1 & o!rs1 prea*$ _! doctr9es & _! foll[]s accept$ !m1 n because !y lov$ ! tru?1 b because ! political1 social1 & above all economic conditions ( ! peoples among :om ^! religions arose 7 favorable = _! orig9ation & developm5t4 ,& !re=e ! *ief ef=ts ( ! man :o wi%es to s]ve society & improve ! condition ( humanity ought1 accord+ to ?is doctr9e1 to be direct$ n to ! elucidation & propagation ( tru?1 b to ! improvem5t ( ! ext]nal political1 social1 & above all economic conditions4 ,& ! modification ( ^! conditions is p>tly effect$ by s]v+ ! gov]nm5t & introduc+ lib]al & progressive pr9ciples into x1 p>tly 9 promot+ ! developm5t ( indu/ry & ! propagation ( sociali/ic ideas1 & mo/ ( all by ! diffusion ( sci5ce4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r y pr(ess ! tru? reveal$ to y1 & !re=e realize x 9 y\r life1 or at lea/ refra9 f committ+ actions oppos$ to ! tru?1 su* z s]v+ ! gov]nm5t & /r5g!n+ its au?ority :5 y reg>d x z injuri\s1 pr(it+ by ! capitali/ic sy/em :5 y reg>d x z wrong1 %[+ v5]ation = v>i\s c]emonies :i* y believe to be degrad+ sup]/itions1 giv+ support to ! law :5 y believe x to be f\nd$ on error1 s]v+ z a soldi]1 tak+ oa?s1 & ly+1 & l[]+ y\rself g5]ally4 ,x is useless to refra9 f all t2 :at is ( use is n alt]+ ! exi/+ =ms ( life1 b submitt+ to !m aga9/ y\r own convictions1 introduc+ lib]alism into ! exi/+ in/itutions1 promot+ comm]ce1 ! propag&a ( socialism1 & ! triumphs ( :at is call$ sci5ce1 & ! diffusion ( education4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory "o c rema9 a l&[n]1 m]*ant1 manufactur]1 judge1 (ficial 9 gov]nm5t pay1 (fic] or soldi]1 & /ill be n only a humane man1 b ev5 a sociali/ & revolutioni/4 ,hypocrisy1 :i* _h =m]ly only a religi\s basis 9 ! doctr9e ( orig9al s91 ! r$emption1 & ! ,*ur*1 has 9 our day ga9$ a new sci5tific basis & has consequ5tly caught 9 its nets all ^? :o _h rea*$ too high a /age ( developm5t to be able to f9d support 9 religi\s hypocrisy4 ,s t :ile 9 =m] days a man :o pr(ess$ ! religion ( ! ,*ur* c\ld take "p 9 all ! crimes ( ! /ate1 & pr(it by !m1 & /ill reg>d himself z free f any ta9t ( s91 s long z he fulfill$ ! ext]nal obs]vances ( 8 cre$1 n[adays all :o d n believe 9 ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,*ur*1 f9d simil> well-f\nd$ irrefutable reasons 9 sci5ce = reg>d+ !mselves z blameless & ev5 highly moral 9 spite ( _! p>ticipation 9 ! misde$s ( gov]nm5t & ! advantages !y ga9 f !m4 ,a ri* l&[n]--n only 9 ,russia1 b 9 ,france1 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 or ,am]ica--lives on ! r5ts exact$ f ! p liv+ on 8 l&1 & robs ^! g5]ally pov]ty-/rick5 p ( all he c get f !m4 ,?is man's "r ( prop]ty 9 ! l& re/s on ! fact t at e ef=t on ! "p ( ! oppress$ p1 )\t 8 cons5t1 to make use ( ! l& he consid]s 81 troops are call$ out to subject !m to puni%m5t & murd]4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght t x 0 obvi\s t a man liv+ 9 ?is way 0 an evil1 egoi/ic creature & c\ld n possibly consid] himself a ,*ri/ian or a lib]al4 ,"o w\ld h suppos$ x evid5t t ! fir/ ?+ su* a man mu/ d1 if he wi%es to approximate to ,*ri/ianity or lib]alism1 w\ld be to cease to plund] & ru9 m5 by means ( acts ( /ate viol5ce 9 support ( 8 claim to ! l&4 ,& s x w\ld be if x 7 n = ! logic ( hypocrisy1 :i* reasons t f a religi\s po9t ( view possession or non-possession ( l& is ( no consequ5ce = salvation1 & f ! sci5tific po9t ( view1 giv+ up ! own]%ip ( l& is a useless individual r5unciation1 & t ! welf>e ( mank9d is n promot$ 9 t way1 b by a gradual modification ( ext]nal =ms4 ,& s we see ?is man1 )\t ! lea/ tr\ble ( m9d or d\bt t p w believe 9 8 s9c]ity1 organiz+ an agricultural exhibition1 or a temp]ance society1 or s5d+ "s s\p & /ock+s by 8 wife or *ildr5 to ?ree old wom51 & boldly 9 8 family1 9 draw+ rooms1 9 committees1 & 9 ! press1 advocat+ ! ,gospel or humanit>ian doctr9e ( love = "o's neighbor 9 g5]al & ! agricultural labor+ population 9 p>ticul> :om he is cont9ually exploit+ & oppress+4 ,& o!r p :o are 9 ! same position z he believe him1 comm5d him1 & solemnly discuss ) him measures = ameliorat+ ! condition ( ! work+-class1 on ^: exploitation _! :ole life re/s1 devis+ all k9ds ( possible me?ods = ?is1 except ! "o )\t :i* all improvem5t ( _! condition is impossible1 i4 e41 refra9+ f tak+ f !m ! l& necess>y = _! subsi/5ce4 7,a /rik+ example ( ?is hypocrisy 0 ! solicitude display$ by ! ,russian l&[n]s la/ ye>1 _! ef=ts to combat ! fam9e :i* !y _h caus$1 & by :i* !y pr(it$1 sell+ n only bread at ! highe/ price1 b ev5 potato haulm at five rubles ! dessiat9e 7ab\t #b-d_/e acres7 = fuel to ! freez+ peasants47 ,or take a m]*ant ^: :ole trade--l all trade inde$--is f\nd$ on a s]ies ( trick]y1 by means ( :i*1 pr(it+ by ! ignorance or ne$ ( o!rs1 he buys goods bel[ _! value & sells !m aga9 above _! value4 ,"o w\ld h fanci$ x obvi\s t a man ^: :ole occupation 0 bas$ on :at 9 8 own language is call$ sw9dl+1 if x is done "u o!r conditions1 ought to be a%am$ ( 8 position1 & c\ld n any way1 :ile he cont9ues a m]*ant1 pr(ess himself a ,*ri/ian or a lib]al4 ,b ! sophi/ry ( hypocrisy reasons t ! m]*ant c pass = a virtu\s man )\t giv+ up 8 p]nici\s c\rse ( action2 a religi\s man ne$ only h fai? & a lib]al man ne$ only promote ! modification ( ext]nal conditions--! progress ( indu/ry4 ,& s we see ! m]*ant 7:o (t5 goes fur!r & commits acts ( direct di%one/y1 sell+ adult]at$ goods1 us+ false weights & measures1 & trad+ 9 products injuri\s to heal?1 su* z alcohol & opium7 boldly reg>d+ himself & be+ reg>d$ by o!rs1 s long z he does n directly deceive 8 colleagues 9 bus9ess1 z a patt]n ( probity & virtue4 ,& if he sp5ds a ?\s&? "p ( 8 /ol5 weal? on "s public in/itution1 a hospital or museum or s*ool1 !n he is ev5 reg>d$ z ! b5efactor ( ! p on ! exploitation & corruption ( :om 8 :ole prosp]ity has be5 f\nd$3 if he sacrifices1 too1 a portion ( 8 ill-gott5 ga9s on a ,*ur* & ! poor1 !n he is an exempl>y ,*ri/ian4 ,a manufactur] is a man ^: :ole income consi/s ( value squeez$ out ( ! workm51 & ^: :ole occupation is bas$ on =c$1 unnatural labor1 exhau/+ :ole g5]ations ( m54 ,x w\ld seem obvi\s t if ?is man pr(esses any ,*ri/ian or lib]al pr9ciples1 he mu/ fir/ ( all give up ru9+ human lives = 8 own pr(it4 ,b by ! exi/+ !ory he is promot+ indu/ry1 & he ought n to ab&on 8 pursuit4 ,x w\ld ev5 be injur+ society = him to d s4 ,& s we see ?is man1 ! h>% slave-driv] ( ?\s&s ( m51 build+ alm%\ses ) little g>d5s two y>ds squ>e = ! workm5 brok5 d[n 9 toil+ = him1 & a bank1 & a poorh\se1 & a hospital--fully p]suad$ t he has amply expiat$ 9 ?is way = all ! human lives morally & physically ru9$ by him--& calmly go+ on ) 8 bus9ess1 tak+ pride 9 x4 ,any civil1 religi\s1 or milit>y (ficial 9 gov]nm5t employ1 :o s]ves ! /ate f vanity1 or1 z is mo/ (t5 ! case1 simply = ! sake ( ! pay wrung f ! h>ass$ & toilworn work+ classes 7all taxes1 h[ev] rais$1 always fall on labor71 if he1 z is v seldom ! case1 does n directly rob ! gov]nm5t 9 ! usual way1 consid]s himself1 & is consid]$ by 8 fell[s1 z a mo/ useful & virtu\s memb] ( society4 ,a judge or a public prosecutor kn[s t ?r\gh 8 s5t5ce or 8 prosecution hundr$s or ?\s&s ( poor wret*es are at once torn f _! families & ?r[n into prison1 :]e !y may g out ( _! m9ds1 kill !mselves ) pieces ( brok5 glass1 or />ve !mselves2 he kn[s t !y h wives & mo!rs & *ildr51 disgrac$ & made mis]able by sep>ation f !m1 va9ly begg+ = p>don = !m or "s alleviation ( _! s5t5ce1 & ?is judge or ?is prosecutor is s h>d5$ 9 8 hypocrisy t he & 8 fell[s & 8 wife & 8 h\sehold are all fully conv9c$ t he may be a mo/ exempl>y man4 ,accord+ to ! metaphysics ( hypocrisy x is held t he is do+ a "w ( public utility4 ,& ?is man :o has ru9$ hundr$s1 ?\s&s ( m51 :o curse him & are driv5 to desp]ation by 8 action1 goes to mass1 a smile ( %9+ b5evol5ce on 8 smoo? face1 9 p]fect fai? 9 good & 9 ,god1 li/5s to ! ,gospel1 c>esses 8 *ildr51 prea*es moral pr9ciples to !m1 & is mov$ by imag9>y suff]+s4 ,all ^! m5 & ^? :o dep5d on !m1 _! wives1 tutors1 *ildr51 cooks1 actors1 jockeys1 & s on1 are liv+ on ! blood :i* by "o means or ano!r1 ?r\gh "o set ( blood-suck]s or ano!r1 is drawn out ( ! work+ class1 & e day _! pleasures co/ hundr$s or ?\s&s ( days ( labor4 ,!y see ! suff]+s & privations ( ^! labor]s & _! *ildr51 _! ag$1 _! wives1 & _! sick1 !y "k ! puni%m5ts inflict$ on ^? :o resi/ ?is organiz$ plund]1 & f> f decreas+1 f> f conceal+ _! luxury1 !y insol5tly display x be=e ^! oppress$ labor]s :o hate !m1 z ?\gh int5tionally provok+ !m ) ! pomp ( _! p>ks & palaces1 _! !at]s1 hunts1 & races4 ,at ! same "t !y cont9ue to p]suade !mselves & o!rs t !y are all mu* conc]n$ ab\t ! welf>e ( ^! work+ classes1 :om !y h always trampl$ "u _! feet1 & on ,sundays1 ri*ly dress$1 !y drive 9 sumptu\s c>riages to ! h\ses ( ,god built 9 v mock]y ( ,*ri/ianity1 & !re li/5 to m51 tra9$ to ?is "w ( deception1 :o 9 :ite neckties or 9 brocad$ ve/m5ts1 accord+ to _! d5om9ation1 prea* ! love = _! neighbor :i* !y all ga9say 9 _! lives4 ,& ^! p h s ent]$ into _! "p t !y s]i\sly believe t !y really are :at !y pret5d to be4 ,! univ]sal hypocrisy has s ent]$ into ! fle% & blood ( all classes ( our mod]n society1 x has rea*$ su* a pit* t no?+ 9 t way c r\se indignation4 ,hypocrisy 9 ! ,greek means act+1 & act+--play+ a "p--is always possible4 ,! repres5tatives ( ,*ri/ give _! bless+ to ! ranks ( murd]]s hold+ _! guns load$ aga9/ _! bro!rs2 = pray] prie/s1 m9i/]s ( v>i\s ,*ri/ian sects are always pres5t1 z indisp5sably z ! hangman1 at executions1 & sanction by _! pres5ce ! compatibility ( murd] ) ,*ri/ianity 7a cl]gyman assi/$ at ! attempt at murd] by electricity 9 ,am]ica7--b su* facts cause no "o any surprise4 ,!re 0 rec5tly held at ,pet]sburg an int]national exhibition ( in/rum5ts ( torture1 h&cuffs1 models ( solit>y cells1 t is to say in/rum5ts ( torture worse ?an kn\ts or rods1 & s5sitive ladies & g5tlem5 w5t & amus$ !mselves by look+ at !m4 ,no "o is surpris$ t toge!r ) its recognition ( lib]ty1 equality1 & frat]nity1 lib]al sci5ce %\ld prove ! necessity ( w>1 puni%m5t1 cu/oms1 ! c5sure1 ! regulation ( pro/itution1 ! exclusion ( *eap =eign labor]s1 ! h9drance ( emigration1 ! ju/ifiabl5ess ( colonization1 bas$ on poison+ & de/roy+ :ole races ( m5 call$ savages1 & s on4 ,p talk ( ! "t :5 all m5 %all pr(ess :at is call$ ,*ri/ianity 7t is1 v>i\s pr(essions ( fai? ho/ile to "o ano!r71 :5 all %all be well-f$ & clo!d1 :5 all %all be unit$ f "o end ( ! _w to ! o!r by telegraphs & telephones1 & be able to communicate by balloons1 :5 all ! work+ classes are p]meat$ by sociali/ic doctr9es1 :5 ! ,trades ,unions possess s _m millions ( memb]s & s _m millions ( rubles1 :5 ev]yone is educat$ & all c read newspap]s & le>n all ! sci5ces4 ,b :at good or useful ?+ c come ( all ^! improvem5ts1 if m5 d n speak & act 9 accordance ) :at !y believe to be ! tru?8 ,! condition ( m5 is ! result ( _! disunion4 ,_! disunion results f _! n foll[+ ! tru? :i* is "o1 b falsehoods :i* are _m4 ,! sole means ( unit+ m5 is _! union 9 ! tru?4 ,& !re=e ! m s9c]ely m5 /rive t[>d ! tru?1 ! ne>] !y get to unity4 ,b h[ c m5 be unit$ 9 ! tru? or ev5 approximate to x1 if !y d n ev5 express ! tru? !y "k1 b hold t !re is no ne$ to d s1 & pret5d to reg>d z tru? :at !y believe to be false8 ,& !re=e no improvem5t is possible s long z m5 are hypocritical & hide ! tru? f !mselves1 s long z !y d n recognize t _! union & !re=e _! welf>e is only possible 9 ! tru?1 & d n put ! recognition & pr(ession ( ! tru? reveal$ to !m high] ?an ev]y?+ else4 ,all ! mat]ial improvem5ts t religi\s & sci5tific m5 c dream ( may be accompli%$2 all m5 may accept ,*ri/ianity1 & all ! re=ms desir$ by ! ,bellamys may be br\ght ab\t ) e possible addition & improvem5t1 b if ! hypocrisy :i* rules n[adays /ill exi/s1 if m5 d n pr(ess ! tru? !y "k1 b cont9ue to feign belief 9 :at !y d n believe & v5]ation = :at !y d n respect1 _! condition w rema9 ! same1 or ev5 gr[ worse & worse4 ,! m m5 are fre$ f privation2 ! m telegraphs1 telephones1 books1 pap]s1 & j\rnals !re are2 ! m means !re w be ( diffus+ inconsi/5t lies & hypocrisies1 & ! m disunit$ & consequ5tly mis]able w m5 become1 :i* inde$ is :at we see actually tak+ place4 ,all ^! mat]ial re=ms may be realiz$1 b ! position ( humanity w n be improv$4 ,b only let ea* man1 accord+ to 8 p[]s1 at once realize 9 8 life ! tru? he kn[s1 or at lea/ cease to support ! falsehoods he is support+ 9 ! place ( ! tru?1 & at once1 9 ?is ye> #ahic1 we %\ld see su* re=ms z we d n d>e to hope = )9 a c5tury--! emancipation ( m5 & ! reign ( tru? ^u e>?4 ,n )\t good reason 0 ,*ri/'s only h>% & ?reat5+ repro( direct$ aga9/ hypocrites & hypocrisy4 ,x is n !ft nor robb]y nor murd] nor =nication1 b falsehood1 ! special falsehood ( hypocrisy1 :i* corrupts m51 brutalizes !m & makes !m v9dictive1 de/roys all di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong 9 _! consci5ce1 deprives !m ( :at is ! true mean+ ( all real human life1 & deb>s !m f all progress t[>d p]fection4 ,^? :o d evil ?r\gh ignorance ( ! tru? provoke sympa?y ) _! victims & repugnance = _! actions1 !y d h>m only to ^? !y attack2 b ^? :o "k ! tru? & d evil mask$ by hypocrisy1 injure !mselves & _! victims1 & ?\s&s ( o!r m5 z well :o are l$ a/ray by ! falsehood ) :i* ! wrongdo+ is disguis$4 ,?ieves1 robb]s1 murd]]s1 & *eats1 :o commit crimes recogniz$ by !mselves & ev]yone else z evil1 s]ve z an example ( :at ought n to be done1 & det] o!rs f simil> crimes4 ,b ^? :o commit ! same !fts1 robb]ies1 murd]s1 & o!r crimes1 disguis+ !m "u all k9ds ( religi\s or sci5tific or humanit>ian ju/ifications1 z all l&[n]s1 m]*ants1 manufactur]s1 & gov]nm5t (ficials d1 provoke o!rs to imitation1 & s d h>m n only to ^? :o are directly ! victims ( _! crimes1 b to ?\s&s & millions ( m5 :om !y corrupt by oblit]at+ _! s5se ( ! di/9ction betwe5 "r & wrong4 ,a s+le =tune ga9$ by trad+ 9 goods necess>y to ! p or 9 goods p]nici\s 9 _! effects1 or by f9ancial speculations1 or by acquir+ l& at a l[ price ! value ( :i* is increas$ by ! ne$s ( ! population1 or by an indu/ry ru9\s to ! heal? & life ( ^? employ$ 9 x1 or by milit>y or civil s]vice ( ! /ate1 or by any employm5t :i* trades on m5's evil in/9cts--a s+le =tune acquir$ 9 any ( ^! ways1 n only ) ! sanction1 b ev5 ) ! approbation ( ! lead+ m5 9 society1 & mask$ ) an o/5tation ( philan?ropy1 corrupts m5 incomp>ably m ?an millions ( !fts & robb]ies committ$ aga9/ ! recogniz$ =ms ( law & puni%able z crimes4 ,a s+le execution c>ri$ out by prosp]\s educat$ m5 un9flu5c$ by passion1 ) ! approbation & assi/ance ( ,*ri/ian m9i/]s1 & repres5t$ z some?+ necess>y & ev5 j1 is inf9itely m corrupt+ & brutaliz+ to m5 ?an ?\s&s ( murd]s committ$ by un$ucat$ work+ p "u ! influ5ce ( passion4 ,an execution su* z 0 propos$ by ,j\kovsky1 :i* w\ld produce ev5 a s5tim5t ( religi\s emotion 9 ! spectators1 w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ p]v]t+ actions imag9able4 7,see vol4 iv4 ( ! works ( ,j\kovsky47 ,e w>1 ev5 ! mo/ humanely conduct$1 ) all its ord9>y consequ5ces1 ! de/ruction ( h>ve/s1 robb]ies1 ! lic5se & debau*]y1 & ! murd] ) ! ju/ifications ( its necessity & ju/ice1 ! exaltation & glorification ( milit>y exploits1 ! wor%ip ( ! flag1 ! patriotic s5tim5ts1 ! feign$ solicitude = ! w\nd$1 & s on1 does m 9 "o ye> to p]v]t m5's m9ds ?an ?\s&s ( robb]ies1 murd]s1 & arsons p]petrat$ dur+ hundr$s ( ye>s by individual m5 "u ! influ5ce ( passion4 ,! luxuri\s exp5diture ( a s+le respectable & s-call$ honorable family1 ev5 )9 ! conv5tional limits1 consum+ z x does ! produce ( z _m days ( labor z w\ld suffice to provide = ?\s&s liv+ 9 privation ne>1 does m to p]v]t m5's m9ds ?an ?\s&s ( ! viol5t orgies ( co>se tradespeople1 (fic]s1 & workm5 ( drunk5 & debau*$ habits1 :o sma% up glasses & crock]y = amusem5t4 ,"o solemn religi\s procession1 "o s]vice1 "o s]mon f ! alt>-/eps or ! pulpit1 9 :i* ! prea*] does n believe1 produces incomp>ably m evil ?an ?\s&s ( sw9dl+ tricks1 adult]ation ( food1 & s on4 ,we talk ( ! hypocrisy ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,b ! hypocrisy ( our society f> surpasses ! comp>atively innoc5t hypocrisy ( ! ,ph>isees4 ,!y _h at lea/ an ext]nal religi\s law1 ! fulfillm5t ( :i* h9d]$ !m f see+ _! obligations to _! neighbors4 ,moreov]1 ^! obligations 7 n ne>ly s cle>ly def9$ 9 _! day4 ,n[adays we h no su* religi\s law to exon]ate u f our duties to our neighbors 7,i am n speak+ n[ ( ! co>se & ignorant p]sons :o /ill fancy _! s9s c be absolv$ by confession to a prie/ or by ! absolution ( ! ,pope74 ,on ! contr>y1 ! law ( ! ,gospel :i* we all pr(ess 9 "o =m or ano!r directly def9es ^! duties4 ,besides1 ! duties :i* _h !n be5 only vaguely & my/ically express$ by a few prophets h n[ be5 s cle>ly =mulat$1 h become su* truisms1 t !y are repeat$ ev5 by s*oolboys & j\rnali/s4 ,& s x w\ld seem t m5 ( to-day _c pret5d t !y d n "k ^! duties4 ,a man ( ! mod]n _w :o pr(its by ! ord] ( ?+s bas$ on viol5ce1 & at ! same "t prote/s t he loves 8 neighbor & does n obs]ve :at he is do+ 9 8 daily life to 8 neighbor1 is l a brig& :o has sp5t 8 life 9 robb+ m51 & :o1 caught at la/1 knife 9 h&1 9 ! v act ( /rik+ 8 %riek+ victim1 %\ld decl>e t he _h no idea t :at he 0 do+ 0 disagreeable to ! man he _h robb$ & 0 prep>$ to murd]4 ,j z ?is robb] & murd]] c\ld n d5y :at 0 evid5t to ev]yone1 s x w\ld seem t a man liv+ ^u ! privations ( ! oppress$ classes _c p]suade himself & o!rs t he desires ! welf>e ( ^? he plund]s1 & t he does n "k h[ ! advantages he enjoys are obta9$4 ,x is impossible to conv9ce ourselves t we d n "k t !re are a hundr$ ?\s& m5 9 prison 9 ,russia alone to gu>antee ! security ( our prop]ty & tranquillity1 & t we d n "k ( ! law tribunals 9 :i* we take "p1 & :i*1 at our initiative1 condemn ^? :o h attack$ our prop]ty or our security to prison1 exile1 or =c$ labor1 :]eby m5 no worse ?an ^? :o condemn !m are ru9$ & corrupt$2 or t we d n "k t we only possess all t we d possess because x has be5 acquir$ & is def5d$ = u by murd] & viol5ce4 ,we _c pret5d t we d n see ! arm$ policeman :o m>*es up & d[n b5ea? our w9d[s to gu>antee our security :ile we eat our luxuri\s d9n]1 or look at ! new piece at ! !at]1 or t we are unaw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ! soldi]s :o w make _! appe>ance ) guns & c>tridges directly our prop]ty is attack$4 ,we "k v well t we are only all[$ to g on eat+ our d9n]1 to f9i% see+ ! new play1 or to enjoy to ! end ! ball1 ! ,*ri/mas fte1 ! prom5ade1 ! races or ! hunt1 ?anks to ! policeman's revolv] or ! soldi]'s rifle1 :i* w %oot d[n ! fami%$ outca/ :o has be5 robb$ ( 8 %>e1 & :o looks r\nd ! corn] ) covet\s eyes at our pleasures1 ready to int]rupt !m in/antly1 7 n ! policeman & ! soldi] !re prep>$ to run up at our fir/ call = help4 ,& !re=e j z a brig& caught 9 broad daylight 9 ! act _c p]suade u t he did n lift 8 knife 9 ord] to rob 8 victim ( 8 purse1 & _h no ?\ght ( kill+ him1 we too1 x w\ld seem1 _c p]suade ourselves or o!rs t ! soldi]s & policem5 ar\nd u are n to gu>d u1 b only = def5se aga9/ =eign foes1 & to regulate traffic & ftes & reviews2 we _c p]suade ourselves & o!rs t we d n "k t m5 d n l dy+ ( hung]1 b]eft ( ! "r to ga9 _! subsi/5ce f ! e>? on :i* !y live2 t !y d n l work+ und]gr\nd1 9 ! wat]1 or 9 /ifl+ heat1 = t5 to f\rte5 h\rs a day1 at night 9 factories to manufacture objects = our pleasure4 ,"o w\ld imag9e x impossible to d5y :at is s obvi\s4 ,yet x is d5i$4 ,/ill1 !re are1 among ! ri*1 especially among ! "y1 & among wom51 p]sons :om ,i am glad to meet m & m frequ5tly1 :o1 :5 !y are %[n 9 :at way & at :at co/ _! pleasures are pur*as$1 d n try to conceal ! tru?1 b hid+ _! heads 9 _! h&s1 cry3 ,ah6 don't speak ( t4 ,if x is s1 life is impossible4 ,b ?\gh !re are su* s9c]e p :o ev5 ?\gh !y _c r5\nce _! fault1 at lea/ see x1 ! va/ majority ( ! m5 ( ! mod]n _w h s ent]$ into ! p>ts !y play 9 _! hypocrisy t !y boldly d5y :at is />+ ev]yone 9 ! face4 ,all t is unju/1 !y say2 no "o =ces ! p to "w = ! l&[n]s & manufactur]s4 ,t is an affair ( free contract4 ,great prop]ties & =tunes are necess>y1 because !y provide & organize "w = ! work+ classes4 ,& labor 9 ! factories & work%ops is n at all ! t]rible ?+ y make x out to be4 ,ev5 if !re are "s abuses 9 factories1 ! gov]nm5t & ! public are tak+ /eps to obviate !m & to make ! labor ( ! factory work]s mu* easi]1 & ev5 agreeable4 ,! work+ classes are accu/om$ to physical labor1 & are1 s f>1 fit = no?+ else4 ,! pov]ty ( ! p is n ! result ( private prop]ty 9 l&1 nor ( capitali/ic oppression1 b ( o!r causes3 x is ! result ( ! ignorance1 brutality1 & intemp]ance ( ! p4 ,& we m5 9 au?ority :o are /riv+ aga9/ ?is impov]i%m5t ( ! p by wise legislation1 we capitali/s :o are combat+ x by ! ext5sion ( useful inv5tions1 we cl]gym5 by religi\s in/ruction1 & we lib]als by ! =mation ( trades unions1 & ! diffusion ( education1 are 9 ?is way increas+ ! prosp]ity ( ! p )\t *ang+ our own positions4 ,we d n want all to be z poor z ! poor2 we want all to be z ri* z ! ri*4 ,z = ! ass]tion t m5 are ill treat$ & murd]$ to =ce !m to "w = ! pr(it ( ! ri*1 t is a sophism4 ,! army is only call$ out aga9/ ! mob1 :5 ! p1 9 ignorance ( _! own int]e/s1 make di/urbances & de/roy ! tranquillity necess>y = ! public welf>e4 ,9 ! same way1 too1 x is necess>y to keep 9 re/ra9t ! malefactors = :om ! prisons & gall[s are e/abli%$4 ,we ourselves wi% to suppress ^! =ms ( puni%m5t & are work+ 9 t direction4 ,hypocrisy 9 our day is support$ on two sides3 by false religion & by false sci5ce4 ,& x has rea*$ su* proportions t if we 7 n liv+ 9 its mid/1 we c\ld n believe t m5 c\ld atta9 su* a pit* ( self-deception4 ,m5 ( ! pres5t day h come into su* an extraord9>y condition1 _! he>ts are s h>d5$1 t see+ !y see n1 he>+ !y d n he>1 & und]/& n4 ,m5 h long be5 liv+ 9 antagonism to _! consci5ce4 ,if x 7 n = hypocrisy !y c\ld n g on liv+ su* a life4 ,?is social organization 9 opposition to _! consci5ce only cont9ues to exi/ because x is disguis$ by hypocrisy4 ,& ! great] ! div]g5ce betwe5 actual life & m5's consci5ce1 ! great] ! ext5sion ( hypocrisy4 ,b ev5 hypocrisy has its limits4 ,& x seems to me t we h rea*$ ^? limits 9 ! pres5t day4 ,e man ( ! pres5t day ) ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciples assimilat$ involunt>ily 9 8 consci5ce1 f9ds himself 9 precisely ! position ( a man asleep :o dreams t he is oblig$ to d some?+ :i* ev5 9 8 dream he kn[s he ought n to d4 ,he kn[s ?is 9 ! dep?s ( 8 consci5ce1 & all ! same he seems unable to *ange 8 position2 he _c /op & cease do+ :at he ought n to d4 ,& j z 9 a dream1 8 position becom+ m & m pa9ful1 at la/ rea*es su* a pit* ( int5sity t he beg9s sometimes to d\bt ! reality ( :at is pass+ & makes a moral ef=t to %ake (f ! nightm>e :i* is oppress+ him4 ,?is is j ! condition ( ! av]age man ( our ,*ri/ian society4 ,he feels t all t he does himself & t is done ar\nd him is some?+ absurd1 hide\s1 impossible1 & oppos$ to 8 consci5ce2 he feels t 8 position is becom+ m & m un5durable & rea*+ a crisis ( int5sity4 ,x is n possible t we mod]n m51 ) ! ,*ri/ian s5se ( human dignity & equality p]meat+ u s\l & body1 ) our ne$ = peaceful association & unity betwe5 nations1 %\ld really g on liv+ 9 su* a way t e joy1 e gratification we h is b\ght by ! suff]+s1 by ! lives ( our bro!r m51 & moreov]1 t we %\ld be e in/ant )9 a hair's-bread? ( fall+ on "o ano!r1 nation aga9/ nation1 l wild bea/s1 m]cilessly de/roy+ m5's lives & labor1 only because "s b5ight$ diplomati/ or rul] says or writes "s /upidity to ano!r equally b5ight$ diplomati/ or rul]4 ,x is impossible4 ,yet e man ( our day sees t ?is is s & awaits ! calamity4 ,& ! situation becomes m & m insupportable4 ,& z ! man :o is dream+ does n believe t :at appe>s to him c be truly ! reality & tries to wake up to ! actual real _w aga91 s ! av]age man ( mod]n days _c 9 ! bottom ( 8 he>t believe t ! awful position 9 :i* he is plac$ & :i* is gr[+ worse & worse c be ! reality1 & tries to wake up to a true1 real life1 z x exi/s 9 8 consci5ce4 ,& j z ! dream] ne$ only make a moral ef=t & ask himself1 ,isn't x a dream8 & ! situation :i* seem$ to him s hopeless w in/antly disappe>1 & he w wake up to peaceful & happy reality1 s ! man ( ! mod]n _w ne$ only make a moral ef=t to d\bt ! reality pres5t$ to him by 8 own hypocrisy & ! g5]al hypocrisy ar\nd him1 & to ask himself1 ,isn't x all a delusion8 & he w at once1 l ! dream] awak5$1 feel himself transport$ f an imag9>y & dreadful _w to ! true1 calm1 & happy reality4 ,& to d ?is a man ne$ accompli% no great feats or exploits4 ,he ne$ only make a moral ef=t4 ,b c a man make ?is ef=t8 ,accord+ to ! exi/+ !ory s ess5tial to support hypocrisy1 man is n free & _c *ange 8 life4 ,man _c *ange 8 life1 because he is n free4 ,he is n free1 because all 8 actions are condition$ by previ\sly exi/+ causes4 ,& :atev] ! man may d !re are always "s causes or o!r ?r\gh :i* he does ^! or ^? acts1 & !re=e man _c be free & *ange 8 life1 say ! *ampions ( ! metaphysics ( hypocrisy4 ,& !y w\ld be p]fectly "r if man 7 a creature )\t consci5ce & incapable ( mov+ t[>d ! tru?2 t is to say1 if aft] recogniz+ a new tru?1 man always rema9$ at ! same /age ( moral developm5t4 ,b man is a creature ) a consci5ce & capable ( atta9+ a high] & high] degree ( tru?4 ,& !re=e ev5 if man is n free z reg>ds p]=m+ ^! or ^? acts because !re exi/s a previ\s cause = e act1 ! v causes ( 8 acts1 consi/+ z !y d = ! man ( consci5ce ( ! recognition ( ?is or t tru?1 are )9 8 own control4 ,s t ?\gh man may n be free z reg>ds ! p]=mance ( 8 actions1 he is free z reg>ds ! f\ndation on :i* !y are p]=m$4 ,j z ! me*anician :o is n free to modify ! movem5t ( 8 locomotive :5 x is 9 motion1 is free to regulate ! ma*9e be=eh& s z to det]m9e :at ! movem5t is to be4 ,:atev] ! consci\s man does1 he acts j z he does1 & n o!rwise1 only because he recognizes t to act z he is act+ is 9 accord ) ! tru?1 or because he has recogniz$ x at "s previ\s "t1 & is n[ only ?r\gh in]tia1 ?r\gh habit1 act+ 9 accordance ) 8 previ\s recognition ( tru?4 ,9 any case1 ! cause ( 8 action is n to be f\nd 9 any giv5 previ\s fact1 b 9 ! consci\sness ( a giv5 relation to tru?1 & ! consequ5t recognition ( ?is or t fact z a suffici5t basis = action4 ,:e!r a man eats or does n eat1 works or re/s1 runs risks or avoids !m1 if he has a consci5ce he acts ?us only because he consid]s x "r & rational1 because he consid]s t to act ?us is 9 h>mony ) tru?1 or else because he has made ?is reflection 9 ! pa/4 ,! recognition or non-recognition ( a c]ta9 tru? dep5ds n on ext]nal causes1 b on c]ta9 o!r causes )9 ! man himself4 ,s t at times "u ext]nal conditions app>5tly v favorable = ! recognition ( tru?1 "o man w n recognize x1 & ano!r1 on ! contr>y1 "u ! mo/ unfavorable conditions w1 )\t app>5t cause1 recognize x4 ,z x is said 9 ! ,gospel1 ,no man c come unto me1 except ! ,fa!r :i* ha? s5t me draw him4 ,t is to say1 ! recognition ( tru?1 :i* is ! cause ( all ! manife/ations ( human life1 does n dep5d on ext]nal ph5om5a1 b on c]ta9 inn] spiritual *>act]i/ics ( ! man :i* escape our obs]vation4 ,& !re=e man1 ?\gh n free 9 8 acts1 always feels himself free 9 :at is ! motive ( 8 acts--! recognition or non-recognition ( tru?4 ,& he feels himself indep5d5t n only ( facts ext]nal to 8 own p]sonality1 b ev5 ( 8 own actions4 ,?us a man :o "u ! influ5ce ( passion has committ$ an act contr>y to ! tru? he recognizes1 rema9s none ! less free to recognize x or n to recognize x2 t is1 he c by refus+ to recognize ! tru? reg>d 8 action z necess>y & ju/ifiable1 or he may recognize ! tru? & reg>d 8 act z wrong & c5sure himself = x4 ,?us a gambl] or a drunk>d :o does n resi/ temptation & yields to 8 passion is /ill free to recognize gambl+ & drunk5ness z wrong or to reg>d !m z a h>mless pa/ime4 ,9 ! fir/ case ev5 if he does n at once get ov] 8 passion1 he gets ! m free f x ! m s9c]ely he recognizes ! tru? ab\t x2 9 ! second case he w be /r5g!n$ 9 8 vice & w deprive himself ( e possibility ( %ak+ x (f4 ,9 ! same way a man :o has made 8 escape alone f a h\se on fire1 n hav+ _h ! c\rage to save 8 fri5d1 rema9s free1 recogniz+ ! tru? t a man ought to save ! life ( ano!r ev5 at ! risk ( 8 own1 to reg>d 8 action z bad & to c5sure himself = x1 or1 n recogniz+ ?is tru?1 to reg>d 8 action z natural & necess>y & to ju/ify x to himself4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 if he recognizes ! tru? 9 spite ( 8 dep>ture f x1 he prep>es = himself 9 ! future a :ole s]ies ( acts ( self-sacrifice necess>ily fl[+ f ?is recognition ( ! tru?2 9 ! second case1 a :ole s]ies ( egoi/ic acts4 ,n t a man is always free to recognize or to refuse to recognize e tru?4 ,!re are tru?s :i* he has recogniz$ long be=e or :i* h be5 h&$ d[n to him by education & tradition & accept$ by him on fai?1 & to foll[ ^! tru?s has become a habit1 a second nature ) him2 & !re are tru?s1 only vaguely1 z x 7 di/antly1 appreh5d$ by him4 ,! man is n free to refuse to recognize ! fir/1 nor to recognize ! second class ( tru?s4 ,b !re are tru?s ( a ?ird k9d1 :i* h n yet become an unconsci\s motive ( action1 b yet h be5 reveal$ s cle>ly to him t he _c pass !m by1 & is inevitably oblig$ to d "o ?+ or ! o!r1 to recognize or n to recognize !m4 ,& x is 9 reg>d to ^! tru?s t ! man's fre$om manife/s itself4 ,e man dur+ 8 life f9ds himself 9 reg>d to tru? 9 ! position ( a man walk+ 9 ! d>kness ) light ?r[n be=e him by ! lant]n he c>ries4 ,he does n see :at is n yet light$ up by ! lant]n2 he does n see :at he has pass$ :i* is hidd5 9 ! d>kness2 b at e /age ( 8 j\rney he sees :at is light$ up by ! lant]n1 & he c always *oose "o side or ! o!r ( ! road4 ,!re are always unse5 tru?s n yet reveal$ to ! man's intellectual vision1 & !re are o!r tru?s outliv$1 =gott51 & assimilat$ by him1 & !re are also c]ta9 tru?s t rise up be=e ! light ( 8 reason & require 8 recognition4 ,& x is 9 ! recognition or non-recognition ( ^! tru?s t :at we call 8 fre$om is manife/$4 ,all ! difficulty & seem+ insolubility ( ! "q ( ! fre$om ( man results f ^? :o tri$ to solve ! "q imag9+ man z /ation>y 9 8 relation to ! tru?4 ,man is c]ta9ly n free if we imag9e him /ation>y1 & if we =get t ! life ( a man & ( humanity is no?+ b a cont9ual movem5t f d>kness into light1 f a l[] /age ( tru? to a high]1 f a tru? m alloy$ ) errors to a tru? m purifi$ f !m4 ,man w\ld n be free if he knew no tru? at all1 & 9 ! same way he w\ld n be free & w\ld n ev5 h any idea ( fre$om if ! :ole tru? :i* 0 to guide him 9 life _h be5 reveal$ once = all to him 9 all its purity )\t any admixture ( error4 ,b man is n /ation>y 9 reg>d to tru?1 b e individual man z he passes ?r\gh life1 & humanity z a :ole 9 ! same way1 is cont9ually le>n+ to "k a great] & great] degree ( tru?1 & gr[+ m & m free f error4 ,& !re=e m5 are 9 a ?reefold relation to tru?4 ,"s tru?s h be5 s assimilat$ by !m t !y h become ! unconsci\s basis ( action1 o!rs are only j on ! po9t ( be+ reveal$ to him1 & a ?ird class1 ?\gh n yet assimilat$ by him1 h be5 reveal$ to him ) suffici5t cle>ness to =ce him to decide ei!r to recognize !m or to refuse to recognize !m4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! tru?s :i* man is free to recognize or to refuse to recognize4 ,! lib]ty ( man does n consi/ 9 ! p[] ( act+ indep5d5tly ( ! progress ( life & ! influ5ces aris+ f x1 b 9 ! capacity = recogniz+ & ackn[l$g+ ! tru? reveal$ to him1 & becom+ ! free & joyful p>ticipator 9 ! et]nal & inf9ite "w ( ,god1 ! life ( ! _w2 or on ! o!r h& = refus+ to recognize ! tru?1 & s be+ a mis]able & reluctant slave dragg$ :i!r he has no desire to g4 ,tru? n only po9ts out ! way along :i* human life ought to move1 b reveals also ! only way along :i* x c move4 ,& !re=e all m5 mu/ will+ly or unwill+ly move along ! way ( tru?1 "s spontane\sly accompli%+ ! task set !m 9 life1 o!rs submitt+ involunt>ily to ! law ( life4 ,man's fre$om lies 9 ! p[] ( ?is *oice4 ,?is fre$om )9 ^! n>r[ limits seems s insignificant to m5 t !y d n notice x4 ,"s--! det]m9i/s--consid] ?is am\nt ( fre$om s trifl+ t !y d n recognize x at all4 ,o!rs--! *ampions ( complete free w--keep _! eyes fix$ on _! hypo!tical free w & neglect ?is :i* seem$ to !m su* a trivial degree ( fre$om4 ,?is fre$om1 conf9$ betwe5 ! limits ( complete ignorance ( ! tru? & a recognition ( a "p ( ! tru?1 seems h>dly fre$om at all1 especially s9ce1 :e!r a man is will+ or unwill+ to recognize ! tru? reveal$ to him1 he w be inevitably =c$ to c>ry x out 9 life4 ,a horse h>ness$ ) o!rs to a c>t is n free to refra9 f mov+ ! c>t4 ,if he does n move =w>d ! c>t w knock him d[n & g on dragg+ him ) x1 :e!r he w or n4 ,b ! horse is free to drag ! c>t himself or to be dragg$ ) x4 ,& s x is ) man4 ,:e!r ?is is a great or small degree ( fre$om 9 comp>ison ) ! fanta/ic lib]ty we %\ld l to h1 x is ! only fre$om t really exi/s1 & 9 x consi/s ! only happ9ess atta9able by man4 ,& m ?an t1 ?is fre$om is ! sole means ( accompli%+ ! div9e "w ( ! life ( ! _w4 ,accord+ to ,*ri/'s doctr9e1 ! man :o sees ! significance ( life 9 ! doma9 9 :i* x is n free1 9 ! doma9 ( effects1 t is1 ( acts1 has n ! true life4 ,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 t man is liv+ 9 ! tru? :o has transport$ 8 life to ! doma9 9 :i* x is free--! doma9 ( causes1 t is1 ! k & recognition1 ! pr(ession & realization 9 life ( reveal$ tru?4 ,devot+ 8 life to works ( ! fle%1 a man busies himself ) actions dep5d+ on tempor>y causes outside himself4 ,he himself does no?+ really1 he m]ely seems to be do+ some?+4 ,9 reality all ! acts :i* seem to be 8 are ! "w ( a high] p[]1 & he is n ! creator ( 8 own life1 b ! slave ( x4 ,devot+ 8 life to ! recognition & fulfillm5t ( ! tru? reveal$ to him1 he id5tifies himself ) ! s\rce ( univ]sal life & accompli%es acts n p]sonal1 & dep5d5t on conditions ( space & "t1 b acts uncondition$ by previ\s causes1 acts :i* con/itute ! causes ( ev]y?+ else1 & h an inf9ite1 unlimit$ significance4 ,! k+dom ( heav5 suff]e? viol5ce1 & ! viol5t take x by =ce4 7,matt4 xi4 #ab47 ,x is ?is viol5t ef=t to rise above ext]nal conditions to ! recognition & realization ( tru? by :i* ! k+dom ( heav5 is tak51 & x is ?is ef=t ( viol5ce :i* mu/ & c be made 9 our times4 ,m5 ne$ only und]/& ?is1 !y ne$ only cease to tr\ble !mselves ab\t ! g5]al ext]nal conditions 9 :i* !y are n free1 & devote "o-hundr$? "p ( ! en]gy !y wa/e on ^? mat]ial ?+s to t 9 :i* !y are free1 to ! recognition & realization ( ! tru? :i* is be=e !m1 & to ! lib]ation ( !mselves & o!rs f deception & hypocrisy1 &1 )\t ef=t or conflict1 !re w\ld be an end at once ( ! false organization ( life :i* makes m5 mis]able1 & ?reat5s !m ) worse calamities 9 ! future4 ,& !n ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld be realiz$1 or at lea/ t fir/ /age ( x = :i* m5 are ready n[ by ! degree ( developm5t ( _! consci5ce4 ,j z a s+le %ock may be suffici5t1 :5 a liquid is saturat$ ) "s salt1 to precipitate x at once 9 cry/als1 a slight ef=t may be p]haps all t is ne$$ n[ t ! tru? already reveal$ to m5 may ga9 a ma/]y ov] hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 millions ( m51 t a public op9ion consi/5t ) consci5ce may be e/abli%$1 & ?r\gh ?is *ange ( public op9ion ! :ole ord] ( life may be trans=m$4 ,& x dep5ds ^u u to make ?is ef=t4 ,let ea* ( u only try to und]/& & accept ! ,*ri/ian tru? :i* 9 ! mo/ v>i$ =ms surr\nds u on all sides & =ces itself ^u u2 let u only cease f ly+ & pret5d+ t we d n see ?is tru? or wi% to realize x1 at lea/ 9 :at x dem&s f u above all else2 only let u accept & boldly pr(ess ! tru? to :i* we are call$1 & we %\ld f9d at once t hundr$s1 ?\s&s1 millions ( m5 are 9 ! same position z we1 t !y see ! tru? z we d1 & dread z we d to /& alone 9 recogniz+ x1 & l u are only wait+ = o!rs to recognize x also4 ,only let m5 cease to be hypocrites1 & !y w\ld at once see t ?is cruel social organization1 :i* holds !m 9 bondage1 & is repres5t$ to !m z some?+ /able1 necess>y1 & orda9$ ( ,god1 is already tott]+ & is only propp$ up by ! falsehood ( hypocrisy1 ) :i* we1 & o!rs l u1 support x4 ,b if ?is is s1 if x is true t x dep5ds on u to break d[n ! exi/+ organization ( life1 h we ! "r to de/roy x1 )\t kn[+ cle>ly :at we %all set up 9 its place8 ,:at w become ( human society :5 ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s is at an end8 ,:at %all we f9d ! o!r side ( ! walls ( ! _w we are ab&on+8 ,fe> w come ^u u--a void1 a va/ empt9ess1 fre$om--h[ are we to g =w>d n kn[+ :i!r1 h[ face loss1 n see+ hope ( ga98444 ,if ,columbus _h reason$ ?us he w\ld nev] h weigh$ an*or4 ,x 0 madness to set (f ^u ! ocean1 n kn[+ ! r\te1 on ! ocean on :i* no "o _h sail$1 to sail t[>d a l& ^: exi/5ce 0 d\btful4 ,by ?is madness he discov]$ a new _w4 ,d\btless if ! peoples ( ! _w c\ld simply transf] !mselves f "o furni%$ mansion to ano!r & bett] "o--x w\ld make x mu* easi]2 b unluckily !re is no "o to get humanity's new dwell+ ready = x4 ,! future is ev5 worse ?an ! ocean--!re is no?+ !re--x w be :at m5 & circum/ances make x4 ,if y are cont5t ) ! old _w1 try to pres]ve x1 x is v sick & _c hold out mu* long]4 ,b if y _c be> to live 9 ev]la/+ dissonance betwe5 y\r beliefs & y\r life1 ?9k+ "o ?+ & do+ ano!r1 get out ( ! m$ival :it$ sepul*]s1 & face y\r fe>s4 ,i "k v well x is n easy4 ,x is n a little ?+ to cut "o's self (f f all to :i* a man has be5 accu/om$ f 8 bir?1 ) :i* he has gr[n up to maturity4 ,m5 are ready = trem5d\s sacrifices1 b n = ^? :i* life dem&s ( !m4 ,are !y ready to sacrifice mod]n civilization1 _! mann] ( life1 _! religion1 ! receiv$ conv5tional morality8 ,are we ready to give up all ! results we h atta9$ ) su* ef=t1 results ( :i* we h be5 boa/+ = ?ree c5turies2 to give up e conv5i5ce & *>m ( our exi/5ce1 to pref] savage y\? to ! s5ile decay ( civilization1 to pull d[n ! palace rais$ = u by our ance/ors only = ! pleasure ( hav+ a h& 9 ! f\nd+ ( a new h\se1 :i* w d\btless be built long aft] we are gone8 7,h]z51 vol4 v4 p4 #ee47 ,?us wrote almo/ half a c5tury ago ! ,russian writ]1 :o ) prophetic insight saw cle>ly !n1 :at ev5 ! mo/ unreflect+ man sees to-day1 ! impossibility1 t is1 ( life cont9u+ on its old basis1 & ! necessity ( e/abli%+ new =ms ( life4 ,x is cle> n[ f ! v simple/1 mo/ commonplace po9t ( view1 t x is madness to rema9 "u ! ro( ( a build+ :i* _c support its weight1 & t we mu/ leave x4 ,& inde$ x is difficult to imag9e a position m wret*$ ?an t ( ! ,*ri/ian _w to-day1 ) its nations arm$ aga9/ "o ano!r1 ) its con/antly increas+ taxation to ma9ta9 its armies1 ) ! hatr$ ( ! work+ class = ! ri* ev] gr[+ m int5se1 ) ! ,damocles sword ( w> =ev] hang+ ov] ! heads ( all1 ready e in/ant to fall1 c]ta9 to fall soon] or lat]4 ,h>dly c\ld any revolution be m disa/r\s = ! great mass ( ! population ?an ! pres5t ord] or r disord] ( our life1 ) its daily sacrifices to exhau/+ & unnatural toil1 to pov]ty1 drunk5ness1 & pr(ligacy1 ) all ! horrors ( ! w> t is at h&1 :i* w swall[ up 9 "o ye> m victims ?an all ! revolutions ( ! c5tury4 ,:at w become ( humanity if ea* ( u p]=ms ! duty ,god dem&s ( u ?r\gh ! consci5ce implant$ )9 u8 ,w n h>m come if1 be+ :olly 9 ! p[] ( a ma/]1 ,i c>ry out1 9 ! work%op erect$ & direct$ by him1 ! ord]s he gives me1 /range ?\gh !y may seem to me :o d n "k ! ,ma/]'s f9al aims8 ,b x is n ev5 ?is "q ,:at w happ58 t agitates m5 :5 !y hesitate to fulfill ! ,ma/]'s w4 ,!y are tr\bl$ by ! "q h[ to live )\t ^? habitual conditions ( life :i* we call civilization1 culture1 art1 & sci5ce4 ,we feel ourselves all ! burd5som5ess ( life z x is2 we see also t ?is organization ( life mu/ inevitably be our ru91 if x cont9ues4 ,at ! same "t we want ! conditions ( our life :i* arise out ( ?is organization--our civilization1 culture1 art1 & sci5ce--to rema9 intact4 ,x is z ?\gh a man1 liv+ 9 an old h\se & suff]+ f cold & all sorts ( inconv5i5ce 9 x1 kn[+1 too1 t x is on ! po9t ( fall+ to pieces1 %\ld cons5t to its be+ rebuilt1 b only on ! condition t he %\ld n be requir$ to leave x3 a condition :i* is equival5t to refus+ to h x rebuilt at all4 ,b :at if ,i leave ! h\se & give up e conv5i5ce = a "t1 & ! new h\se is n built1 or is built on a diff]5t plan s t ,i d n f9d 9 x ! com=ts to :i* ,i am accu/om$8 ,b see+ t ! mat]ials & ! build]s are "h1 !re is e likelihood t ! new h\se w on ! contr>y be bett] built ?an ! old "o4 ,& at ! same "t1 !re is n only ! likelihood b ! c]ta9ty t ! old h\se w fall d[n & cru% ^? :o rema9 )9 x4 ,:e!r ! old habitual conditions ( life are support$1 or :e!r !y are aboli%$ & altoge!r new & bett] conditions arise2 9 any case1 !re is no d\bt we %all be =c$ to leave ! old =ms ( life :i* h become impossible & fatal1 & mu/ g =w>d to meet ! future4 ,civilization1 art1 sci5ce1 culture1 w disappe>6 ,yes1 b all ^! we "k are only v>i\s manife/ations ( tru?1 & ! *ange t is be=e u is only to be made = ! sake ( a clos] atta9m5t & realization ( tru?4 ,h[ !n c ! manife/ations ( tru? disappe> ?r\gh our realiz+ x8 ,^! manife/ations w be diff]5t1 high]1 bett]1 b !y w n cease to be4 ,only :at is false 9 !m w be de/roy$2 all ! tru? !re 0 9 !m w only be /rong] & m fl\ri%+4 ,take ?\ght1 oh1 m51 & h fai? 9 ! ,gospel1 9 ^: tea*+ is y\r happ9ess4 ,if y d n take ?\ght1 y w p]i% j z ! m5 p]i%$1 sla9 by ,pilate1 or cru%$ by ! t[] ( ,siloam2 z millions ( m5 h p]i%$1 slay]s & sla91 execut+ & execut$1 tortur]s & tortur$ alike1 & z ! man fooli%ly p]i%$1 :o fill$ 8 gran>ies full & made ready = a long life & di$ ! v night t he plann$ to beg9 8 life4 ,take ?\ght & h fai? 9 ! ,gospel1 ,*ri/ said eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 & he says x ) ev5 great] =ce n[ t ! calamities =etold by him h come to pass1 & ! s5selessness ( our life has rea*$ ! fur!/ po9t ( suff]+ & madness4 ,n[adays1 aft] s _m c5turies ( fruitless ef=ts to make our life secure by ! pagan organization ( life1 x mu/ be evid5t to ev]yone t all ef=ts 9 t direction only introduce fre% dang]s into p]sonal & social life1 & d n r5d] x m secure 9 any way4 ,:atev] names we dignify ourselves )1 :atev] uni=ms we we>1 :atev] prie/s we ano9t ourselves be=e1 h[ev] _m millions we possess1 h[ev] _m gu>ds are /ation$ along our road1 h[ev] _m policem5 gu>d our weal?1 h[ev] _m s-call$ crim9als1 revolutioni/s1 & an>*i/s we puni%1 :atev] exploits we h p]=m$1 :atev] /ates we may h f\nd$1 =tresses & t[]s we may h erect$--f ,babel to ! ,eiffel ,t[]--!re are two inevitable conditions ( life1 confront+ all ( u1 :i* de/roy its :ole mean+2 7#a7 dea?1 :i* may at any mom5t p\nce ^u ea* ( u2 & 7#b7 ! transitor9ess ( all our works1 :i* s soon pass away & leave no trace4 ,:atev] we may d--f\nd companies1 build palaces & monum5ts1 write songs & poems--x is all n = long "t4 ,soon x passes away1 leav+ no trace4 ,& !re=e1 h[ev] we may conceal x f ourselves1 we _c help see+ t ! significance ( our life _c lie 9 our p]sonal fle%ly exi/5ce1 ! prey ( incurable suff]+ & inevitable dea?1 nor 9 any social in/itution or organization4 ,:oev] y may be :o are read+ ^! l9es1 ?9k ( y\r position & ( y\r duties--n ( y\r position z l&[n]1 m]*ant1 judge1 emp]or1 presid5t1 m9i/]1 prie/1 soldi]1 :i* has be5 tempor>ily allott$ y by m51 & n ( ! imag9>y duties laid on y by ^? positions1 b ( y\r real positions 9 et]nity z a creature :o at ! w ( ,someone has be5 call$ out ( unconsci\sness aft] an et]nity ( non-exi/5ce to :i* y may return at any mom5t at 8 w4 ,?9k ( y\r duties--n y\r suppos$ duties z a l&[n] to y\r e/ate1 z a m]*ant to y\r bus9ess1 z emp]or1 m9i/]1 or (ficial to ! /ate1 b ( y\r real duties1 ! duties t foll[ f y\r real position z a be+ call$ into life & end[$ ) reason & love4 ,are y do+ :at he dem&s ( y :o has s5t y into ! _w1 & to :om y w soon return8 ,are y do+ :at he wills8 ,are y do+ 8 w1 :5 z l&[n] or manufactur] y rob ! poor ( ! fruits ( _! toil1 bas+ y\r life on ?is plund] ( ! work]s1 or :51 z judge or gov]nor1 y ill treat m51 s5t5ce !m to execution1 or :5 z soldi]s y prep>e = w>1 kill & plund]8 ,y w say t ! _w is s made t ?is is inevitable1 & t y d n d ?is ( y\r own free w1 b because y are =c$ to d s4 ,b c x be t y h su* a /rong av]sion to m5's suff]+s1 ill treatm5t1 & murd]1 t y h su* an int5se ne$ ( love & co-op]ation ) y\r fell[s t y see cle>ly t only by ! recognition ( ! equality ( all1 & by mutual s]vices1 c ! greate/ possible happ9ess be realiz$2 t y\r head & y\r he>t1 ! fai? y pr(ess1 & ev5 sci5ce itself tell y ! same ?+1 & yet t 9 spite ( x all y c be =c$ by "s confus$ & complicat$ reason+ to act 9 direct opposition to all ?is2 t z l&[n] or capitali/ y are b\nd to base y\r :ole life on ! oppression ( ! p2 t z emp]or or presid5t y are to comm& armies1 t is1 to be ! head & comm&] ( murd]]s2 or t z gov]nm5t (ficial y are =c$ to take f ! poor _! la/ p5ce = ri* m5 to pr(it & %>e !m among !mselves2 or t z judge or juryman y c\ld be =c$ to s5t5ce err+ m5 to ill treatm5t & dea? because ! tru? 0 n reveal$ to !m1 or above all1 = t is ! basis ( all ! evil1 t y c\ld be =c$ to become a soldi]1 & r5\nc+ y\r free w & y\r human s5tim5ts1 c\ld und]take to kill anyone at ! comm& ( o!r m58 ,x _c be4 ,ev5 if y are told t all ?is is necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 & t ?is social ord] ) its paup]ism1 fam9es1 prisons1 gall[s1 armies1 & w>s is necess>y to society2 t /ill great] disa/]s w\ld ensue if ?is organization 7 de/roy$2 all t is said only by ^? :o pr(it by ?is organization1 :ile ^? :o suff] f x--& !y are t5 times z num]\s--?9k & say q ! contr>y4 ,& at ! bottom ( y\r he>t y "k y\rself t x is n true1 t ! exi/+ organization has outliv$ its "t1 & mu/ inevitably be recon/ruct$ on new pr9ciples1 & t consequ5tly !re is no obligation ^u y to sacrifice y\r s5tim5ts ( humanity to support x4 ,above all1 ev5 if y all[ t ?is organization is necess>y1 :y d y believe x to be y\r duty to ma9ta9 x at ! co/ ( y\r be/ feel+s8 ,:o has made y ! nurse 9 *>ge ( ?is sick & moribund organization8 ,n society nor ! /ate nor anyone2 no "o has ask$ y to und]take ?is2 y :o fill y\r position ( l&[n]1 m]*ant1 tz>1 prie/1 or soldi] "k v well t y occupy t position by no means ) ! unselfi% aim ( ma9ta9+ ! organization ( life necess>y to m5's happ9ess1 b simply 9 y\r own int]e/s1 to satisfy y\r own covet\sness or vanity or ambition or indol5ce or c[>dice4 ,if y did n desire t position1 y w\ld n be do+ y\r utmo/ to reta9 x4 ,try ! exp]im5t ( ceas+ to commit ! cruel1 trea*]\s1 & base actions t y are con/antly committ+ 9 ord] to reta9 y\r position1 & y w lose x at once4 ,try ! simple exp]im5t1 z a gov]nm5t (ficial1 ( giv+ up ly+1 & refus+ to take a "p 9 executions & acts ( viol5ce2 z a prie/1 ( giv+ up deception2 z a soldi]1 ( giv+ up murd]2 z l&[n] or manufactur]1 ( giv+ up def5d+ y\r prop]ty by fraud & =ce2 & y w at once lose ! position :i* y pret5d is =c$ ^u y1 & :i* seems burd5some to y4 ,a man _c be plac$ aga9/ 8 w 9 a situation oppos$ to 8 consci5ce4 ,if y f9d y\rself 9 su* a position x is n because x is necess>y to anyone :atev]1 b simply because y wi% x4 ,& !re=e kn[+ t y\r position is repugnant to y\r he>t & y\r head1 & to y\r fai?1 & ev5 to ! sci5ce 9 :i* y believe1 y _c help reflect+ ^u ! "q :e!r 9 reta9+ x1 & above all try+ to ju/ify x1 y are do+ :at y ought to d4 ,y might risk mak+ a mi/ake if y _h "t to see & retrieve y\r fault1 & if y ran ! risk = some?+ ( "s value4 ,b :5 y "k beyond all d\bt t y may disappe> any m9ute1 )\t ! lea/ possibility ei!r = y\rself or ^? y draw aft] y into y\r error1 ( retriev+ ! mi/ake1 :5 y "k t :atev] y may d 9 ! ext]nal organization ( life x w all disappe> z quickly & surely z y w y\rself1 & w leave no trace beh9d1 x is cle> t y h no reasonable gr\nd = runn+ ! risk ( su* a fe>ful mi/ake4 ,x w\ld be p]fectly simple & cle> if y did n by y\r hypocrisy disguise ! tru? :i* has s unmi/akably be5 reveal$ to u4 ,%>e all t y h ) o!rs1 d n heap up ri*es1 d n /eal1 d n cause suff]+1 d n kill1 d n unto o!rs :at y w\ld n !y %\ld d unto y1 all t has be5 said n eighte5 hundr$1 b five ?\s& ye>s ago1 & !re c\ld be no d\bt ( ! tru? ( ?is law if x 7 n = hypocrisy4 ,except = hypocrisy m5 c\ld n h fail$1 if n to put ! law 9 practice1 at lea/ to recognize x1 & admit t x is wrong n to put x 9 practice4 ,b y w say t !re is ! public good to be consid]$1 & t on t acc\nt "o mu/ n & ought n to con=m to ^! pr9ciples2 = ! public good "o may commit acts ( viol5ce & murd]4 ,x is bett] = "o man to die ?an t ! :ole p p]i%1 y w say l ,caiaphas1 & y sign ! s5t5ce ( dea? ( "o man1 ( a second1 & a ?ird2 y load y\r gun aga9/ ?is man :o is to p]i% = ! public good1 y imprison him1 y take 8 possessions4 ,y say t y commit ^! acts ( cruelty because y are a "p ( ! society & ( ! /ate2 t x is y\r duty to s]ve !m1 & z l&[n]1 judge1 emp]or1 or soldi] to con=m to _! laws4 ,b besides belong+ to ! /ate & hav+ duties creat$ by t position1 y belong also to et]nity & to ,god1 :o also lays duties ^u y4 ,& j z y\r duties to y\r family & to society are subord9ate to y\r sup]ior duties to ! /ate1 9 ! same way ! latt] mu/ necess>ily be subord9at$ to ! duties dictat$ to y by ! et]nal life & by ,god4 ,& j z x w\ld be s5seless to pull up ! telegraph po/s = fuel = a family or society & ?us to increase its welf>e at ! exp5se ( public int]e/s1 9 ! same way x is s5seless to d viol5ce1 to execute1 & to murd] to increase ! welf>e ( ! nation1 because t is at ! exp5se ( ! int]e/s ( humanity4 ,y\r duties z a citiz5 _c b be subord9at$ to ! sup]ior obligations ( ! et]nal life ( ,god1 & _c be 9 opposition to !m4 ,z ,*ri/'s disciples said eighte5 c5turies ago3 ,:e!r x be "r 9 ! sight ( ,god to he>k5 unto y m ?an unto ,god1 judge ye 7,acts iv4 #ai72 &1 ,we ought to obey ,god r ?an m5 7,acts v4 #bi74 ,x is ass]t$ t1 9 ord] t ! un/able ord] ( ?+s1 e/abli%$ 9 "o corn] ( ! _w = a few m51 may n be de/roy$1 y ought to commit acts ( viol5ce :i* de/roy ! et]nal & immutable ord] e/abli%$ by ,god & by reason4 ,c t possibly be8 ,& !re=e y _c b reflect on y\r position z l&[n]1 manufactur]1 judge1 emp]or1 presid5t1 m9i/]1 prie/1 & soldi]1 :i* is b\nd up ) viol5ce1 deception1 & murd]1 & recognize its unlawfulness4 ,i d n say t if y are a l&[n] y are b\nd to give up y\r l&s imm$iately to ! poor2 if a capitali/ or manufactur]1 y\r money to y\r workpeople2 or t if y are ,tz>1 m9i/]1 (ficial1 judge1 or g5]al1 y are b\nd to r5\nce imm$iately ! advantages ( y\r position2 or if a soldi]1 on :om all ! sy/em ( viol5ce is bas$1 to refuse imm$iately to obey 9 spite ( all ! dang]s ( insubord9ation4 ,if y d s1 y w be do+ ! be/ ?+ possible4 ,b x may happ51 & x is mo/ likely1 t y w n h ! /r5g? to d s4 ,y h relations1 a family1 subord9ates & sup]iors2 y are "u an influ5ce s p[]ful t y _c %ake x (f2 b y c always recognize ! tru? & refuse to tell a lie ab\t x4 ,y ne$ n decl>e t y are rema9+ a l&[n]1 manufactur]1 m]*ant1 arti/1 or writ] because x is useful to mank9d2 t y are gov]nor1 prosecutor1 or tz>1 n because x is agreeable to y1 because y are us$ to x1 b = ! public good2 t y cont9ue to be a soldi]1 n f fe> ( puni%m5t1 b because y consid] ! army necess>y to society4 ,y c always avoid ly+ 9 ?is way to y\rself & to o!rs1 & y ought to d s2 because ! "o aim ( y\r life ought to be to purify y\rself f falsehood & to confess ! tru?4 ,& y ne$ only d t & y\r situation w *ange directly ( itself4 ,!re is "o ?+1 & only "o ?+1 9 :i* x is grant$ to y to be free 9 life1 all else be+ beyond y\r p[]3 t is to recognize & pr(ess ! tru?4 ,& yet simply f ! fact t o!r m5 z misguid$ & z pitiful creatures z y\rself h made y soldi]1 tz>1 l&[n]1 capitali/1 prie/1 or g5]al1 y und]take to commit acts ( viol5ce obvi\sly oppos$ to y\r reason & y\r he>t1 to base y\r exi/5ce on ! mis=tunes ( o!rs1 & above all1 in/ead ( fill+ ! "o duty ( y\r life1 recogniz+ & pr(ess+ ! tru?1 y feign n to recognize x & disguise x f y\rself & o!rs4 ,& :at are ! conditions 9 :i* y are do+ ?is8 ,y :o may die any in/ant1 y sign s5t5ces ( dea?1 y decl>e w>1 y take "p 9 x1 y judge1 y puni%1 y plund] ! work+ p1 y live luxuri\sly 9 ! mid/ ( ! poor1 & tea* weak m5 :o h confid5ce 9 y t ?is mu/ be s1 t ! duty ( m5 is to d ?is1 & yet x may happ5 at ! mom5t :5 y are act+ ?us t a bact]ium or a bull may attack y & y w fall & die1 los+ =ev] ! *ance ( repair+ ! h>m y h done to o!rs1 & above all to y\rself1 9 uselessly wa/+ a life :i* has be5 giv5 y only once 9 et]nity1 )\t hav+ accompli%$ ! only ?+ y ought to h done4 ,h[ev] commonplace & out ( date x may seem to u1 h[ev] confus$ we may be by hypocrisy & by ! hypnotic sugge/ion :i* results f x1 no?+ c de/roy ! c]ta9ty ( ?is simple & cle>ly def9$ tru?4 ,no ext]nal conditions c gu>antee our life1 :i* is att5d$ ) inevitable suff]+s & infallibly t]m9at$ by dea?1 & :i* consequ5tly c h no significance except 9 ! con/ant accompli%m5t ( :at is dem&$ by ! ,p[] :i* has plac$ u 9 life ) a sole c]ta9 guide--! rational consci5ce4 ,t is :y t ,p[] _c require ( u :at is irrational & impossible3 ! organization ( our tempor>y ext]nal life1 ! life ( society or ( ! /ate4 ,t ,p[] dem&s ( u only :at is reasonable1 c]ta91 & possible3 to s]ve ! k+dom ( ,god1 t is1 to contribute to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! greate/ possible union betwe5 all liv+ be+s--a union possible only 9 ! tru?2 & to recognize & to pr(ess ! reveal$ tru?1 :i* is always 9 our p[]4 ,b seek ye fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & 8 righte\sness1 & all ^! ?+s %all be add$ unto y4 7,matt4 vi4 #cc47 ,! sole mean+ ( life is to s]ve humanity by contribut+ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 :i* c only be done by ! recognition & pr(ession ( ! tru? by e man4 ,! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) outw>d %[2 nei!r %all !y say1 ,lo "h6 or1 ,lo !re6 = behold1 ! k+dom ( ,god is )9 y4 7,luke xvii4 #bj1 #ba47 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,small capital text has be5 replac$ ) all capitals4 ,text enclos$ by plus signs 7,greek7 is a transil]ation ( ,greek4 ,v>iations 9 spell+1 punctuation & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$ except 9 obvi\s cases ( typographical error4 ,! transcrib] has *ang$ ! page numb] = ,*apt] ,,xii 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts f #bgi to #bgh4