,,! ,,c]amic ,,art ,,! ,,c]amic ,,art ,a ,,comp5dium ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,manufacture ,,( ,,pott]y ,,& ,,porcela9 ,,by ,,j5nie ,j4 ,,"y ,,) #dfd ,,illu/rations ,argilla quidvis imitab]is uda ,,horace1 ,,epi/41 ,,ii41 #b1 #h ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s ,,frankl9 ,,squ>e #ahgh ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahgh1 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton4 ,,preface4 ,9 writ+ ! pres5t volume1 ! au?or's object has be5 to answ] z t]sely & lucidly z possible ! m important que/ions 9 connection ) ! hi/ory & manufacture ( pott]y & porcela91 & to br+ ! results ( rec5t rese>* to be> ^u "s ( ! unsolv$ problems ( ! 8sci5ce ( c]amics40 ,! lit]ature ( ! subject is =midable 9 dim5sions4 ,au?ors h divid$ ! field into sections1 & h 9 _m cases pres5t$ le>n$ & exhau/ive special treatises4 ,not)/&+ ! solid le>n+ & critical acum5 reflect$ 9 _! pages1 _! =m & volum9\s "*1 h[ev]1 detract$ f _! value z books = famili> & spe$y ref]5ce1 & left ! acquirem5t ( a g5]al k ( ! c]amic art a matt] = wide rese>* & prolong$ /udy on ! "p ( e read] & collector4 ,! attempt has "h be5 made to cond5se ! lead+ po9ts ( ! subject1 to arrange !m aft] a simple & easily intelligible me?od1 & ?us to pres5t 9 "o volume a compreh5sive hi/ory4 ,no hesitation has be5 %[n 9 draw+ ^u =eign au?ors4 ,_m ( ! lat] developm5ts ( ! art h also be5 t\*$ ^u1 & ! results ( ! m rec5t ef=ts ( arti/s & manufactur]s h be5 illu/rat$ & describ$4 ,9 treat+ ( ,am]ica1 ! au?or has endeavor$ to convey "s idea ( its weal? 9 mat]ials & ( ! pres5t condition & t5d5cies ( ! indu/ry1 & to d ju/ice to ^? :o h laid ! f\ndation ( its claim to recognition 9 ! _w ( art4 ,! au?or has incurr$ obligations 9 _m qu>t]s = in=mation & assi/ance4 ,mr4 ,samuel ,p4 ,av]y1 ! ,hon4 ,yo%ida ,kiyon>i1 ,japanese ,m9i/] at ,wa%+ton1 ,g5]al ,di ,cesnola1 & ! _m private collectors ^: cab9ets are repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 gave valuable aid bo? 9 obta9+ illu/rations & 9 o!r respects4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,edw>d ,havil&1 ,mr4 ,!odore ,havil&1 & ,m4 ,bracquemond contribut$ _m valuable h9ts ^u te*nology & ! manufacture & composition ( diff]5t w>es4 ,! deal]s ( ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 ,wa%+ton1 ,albany1 & o!r cities took an active int]e/ bo? 9 direct+ ! au?or to collections & 9 furni%+ specim5s = illu/ration4 ,among ,am]ican manufactur]s1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,c4 ,smi?1 ( ,gre5po9t2 ,mr4 ,james ,c>r1 ( ,new ,york2 ,mr4 ,hugh ,c4 ,rob]tson1 ( ,*elsea1 ,massa*usetts2 & ,mr4 ,j4 ,h>t ,brew]1 ( ,tr5ton1 are especially des]v+ ( ?anks = help+ ! au?or to a true insight into ! pa/ hi/ory1 pres5t condition1 & prospects ( ! art 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 reg>d to ! engrav+s1 :ile x 01 ( c\rse1 f\nd necess>y 9 _m cases to cull f ! ri* accumulations ( c]amic treasures 9 ,europe1 9 ord] to secure ! prop] illu/ration ( ! "w1 ! pref]5ce has inv>iably be5 giv5 to ! collections ( ,am]ica4 ,su* a c\rse recomm5d$ itself = obvi\s reasons4 ,x 0 ?\ght t x w\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 gratify ^? desir\s ( kn[+ :]e1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! be/ repres5tatives ( ! art ( c]ta9 c\ntries are to be f\nd2 & t1 9 ! second place1 x w\ld direct arti/s :]e to /udy ! be/ /yles ( decoration4 ,"o result ( ! au?or's inve/igations 9 ?is matt] has be5 ! conviction t ! ,am]ican collector is cosmopolitan 9 8 ta/es1 & t ! ,am]ican cab9et--9 _m in/ances ! ,am]ican tea-table--repres5ts ! amity ( nations4 ,! arts ( all c\ntries are f\nd array$ side by side 9 a pr(usion ( :i* x w\ld h be5 h>d1 a few ye>s ago1 to f9d a trace4 ,9 *oos+ ! pieces to be engrav$1 a ?reefold aim has be5 kept 9 view3 ! elucidation ( ! text1 ! repres5tation ( ! greate/ numb] ( diff]5t w>es by *>act]i/ic examples1 & ! introduction ( z _m beautiful works ( art z possible consi/5tly ) ! accompli%m5t ( ! two previ\s objects4 ,! requirem5ts ( ! /ud5t ( decorative art h be5 fully consid]$1 & due weight has be5 giv5 to ! fact t ^! requirem5ts c be met bett] by ! p5cil ?an ! p54 ,9 procur+ specim5s1 ! au?or has ackn[l$gm5ts to express bo? to private collectors & to ! curators ( public in/itutions4 ,among ! latt] may be m5tion$ ,g5]al ,lor+1 ( ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 & ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,hut*9s1 ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art 9 ?is city1 bo? ( :om admitt$ ! au?or to a close inspection ( ! collections "u _! *>ge1 & p]sonally sup]9t5d$ ! tak+ ( sket*es & photographs4 ,simil> favors 7 receiv$ f ! tru/ees & ,dr4 ,m#8,leod1 ( ! ,corcoran ,art ,gall]y2 f ,pr(essor ,baird & ,mr4 ,cu%+1 ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 9 ,wa%+ton2 & f ! (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological & ,geographical ,survey ( ! ,t]ritories4 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,bi]/adt ( ,new ,york1 & ,mr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,smillie ( ,wa%+ton1 also grant$ facilities & volunte]$ c\rtesies :i* prov$ invaluable4 ,casual ref]5ce is made 9 ! foll[+ pages to ! m>ks ( factories & arti/s1 b aft] due delib]ation x 0 decid$ n to make !m ! subject ( special treatm5t or illu/ration4 ,sev]al good manuals are already 9 ! h&s ( ! public1 & a book ( m>ks %\ld nev] take any o!r =m4 ,x is comp>atively useless unless easily portable & h&y4 ,!n1 aga91 m>ks are1 & always h be51 imitat$ to su* an ext5t t !y are n ! mo/ tru/wor?y guides to ! p>5tage ( specim5s4 ,collectors :o buy pieces = ! sake ( ! m>k !y be> may be deceiv$2 ^? :o buy = ! sake ( beauty may occasionally be mi/ak52 b a cultivat$ ta/e c nev] be delud$ into f9d+ beauty 9 ! unbeautiful4 ,! art1 & n ! m>k1 %\ld be /udi$2 & ! fact t _m ( ! f9e/ & mo/ highly valu$ specim5s--,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,p]sian1 ,s>ac5ic1 ,greek1 ,italian1 & _m mod]n w>es--h no m>k gives additional po9t to ! obs]vation4 ,if ! pres5t "w %\ld be f\nd defective 9 c]ta9 po9ts1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t x c\ld h>dly be o!rwise1 consid]+ its scope & limits4 ,! au?or w be satisfi$ if1 besides answ]+ its prim>y purpose1 x %\ld increase ! int]e/ already awak5$ 9 ! subject ( :i* x treats1 & lead /ud5ts to appreciate & exam9e ! collections at _! comm& 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,"r ,j4 ,j4 ,y4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction4 ,advantages ( ! ,/udy4--,! ,lo/ ,orig9 ( ! ,art4--,ascrib$ to ! ,gods4--,leg5ds ( ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,egypt1 & ,greece4--,k]amos4--,a ,solution sugge/$4--,h[ ,pott]y illu/rates ,hi/ory4--,h[ x expla9s ! ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5ts4--,its ,be>+s ^u ,religion4--,examples f ,egypt1 ,greece1 & ,*9a4--,! ,art repres5t$ 9 ,pott]y4--,its ,p]man5cy4--,z a ,comb9ation ( ,=m ) ,draw+ & ,color4--,greek ,art4--,its ,m]its & ,defects4--,! ,ori5tals1 & _! ,att5tion to ,color4--,ea/]n ,skill4--,! ,aim ( ,palissy4--,! ,highe/ ,aim ( ! ,c]amic ,arti/4--,pa9t+ on ,porcela94--,rules to be ,obs]v$ 9 ,decorat+4--,:]e ,color alone is a ,wor?y ,object4--,h[ ! ,art af=ds ! ,be/ ,illu/ration ( ! ,useful comb9$ ) ! ,beautiful4--,its ,place 9 ! ,h\sehold44444,page #ai ,,book ,i4--,,nom5clature ,,& ,,me?ods4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,te*nology4 ,confusion 9 ,use ( ,t]ms4--,porcela9 z an ,in/ance4--,d]ivation ( ,c]amic4--,pott]y4--,fai5ce4--,majolica4 --,mezza-,majolica4--,composition ( ,porcela94--,orig9 ( ,^w4--,:]e fir/ made4--,:5 introduc$ into ,europe4--,h>d & ,s(t ,pa/e4--,s(t ,porcela9 ( ,v5ice1 ,flor5ce1 ,engl&1 ,france4--,h>d ,porcela9 inv5t$ at ,meiss5 by ,btt*]4--,vi5na4--,discov]y ( ,kaol9 9 ,france4--,biscuit44444#dh ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,classification4 ,tabulat$ ,view4--,brongni>t's ,division3 ,its ,objections4--,classification adopt$4--,lead+ ,features & ,advantages4--,di/9ctions betwe5 ,diff]5t ,bodies & ,diff]5t ,glazes44444#ed ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,composition ,,( ,,w>es ,,& ,,glazes4 ,h>d & ,s(t ,pott]y & ,porcela94--,,composition ,,( ,,porcela93 ,kaol9--,its ,d]ivation & ,+r$i5ts--,petuntse--,h[ prep>$ 9 ,*9a4--,! ,european ,process4--,diff]5ces betwe5 ,*9ese & ,european ,porcela9s4--,*emical ,analysis4--,engli% ,porcela9 & its ,peculi>ities3 ,its ,av]age ,composition4--,h[ ,engli% ,clay is prep>$4--,fr5* ,artificial ,porcela94--,p>ian4--,,common ,,e>!n-,,w>e3 ,table ( ,+r$i5ts ( diff]5t k9ds4--,g5]al ,table4--,,glazes3 ,classes4--,brongni>t's ,classification4--,diff]5ce betwe5 ,enamel & ,glaze4--,silici\s ,glaze4--,hi/ory4--,use ( ,oxides4--,egyptian ,processes4--,metallic ,lu/re4--,/annif]\s ,enamel3 ,its ,hi/ory44444#ei ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,manufacture ,,& ,,decoration4 ,divisions ( ,*apt]4--,japanese ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,porcela9 ,clay4--,old ,svres ,s(t ,porcela94--,pug-,mill4--,blung]4--,e>ly ,italian ,me?ods4--,%ap+ ! ,clay4--,m\ld+ among ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 ,italians1 & at ! ,pres5t ,day4--,m\ld+ ,porcela94--,japanese ,me?od4--,european4--,?r[+4--,! ,pott]'s ,:eel 9 all ,c\ntries4--,bak+ & ,fir+4--,egyptian1 ,greek1 ,italian1 & ,japanese ,kilns4--,^? ( ,mod]n ,europe & ,am]ica4--,times ( ,fir+4--,glaz+ & ,pa9t+4--,metallic-,lu/re ,majolica4--,japanese ,me?ods4--,glaz+ ,/one-w>e4--,natural & ,artificial ,porcela944444#ff ,,book ,,ii4--,,! ,,ori5t4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,egypt4 ,! ,ea/ ! ,cradle ( ,art4--,! ,antiquity ( ,egypt3 ,its ,claim to ,notice 9 e ,bran* ( ,inquiry4--,! ,f\nta9s ( ,ori5tal & ,greek ,art4--,! ,nile ,clay4--,egypt's ,e>ly ,maturity4--,limitation ( ,mat]ial4--,effect ( ,religion ^u ,art4--,two ,p]iods 9 ,art ,hi/ory4--,anci5t ,religion4--,v>i\s ,symbols4--,,unglaz$ ,,pott]y--,sun-dri$3 ,bricks4--,m\lds1 ,/amps1 etc4--,vessels4--,bak$ ,w>e3 ,its ,e>ly ,date4--,color ( ,vessels & ,bricks4--,c(f9s4--,cones4--,figures4--, sepul*ral ,vases4--,amphor & o!r ,vessels4--,decoration4--,grco-,egyptian ,pott]y4--,,glaz$ ,,w>e1 miscall$ ,porcela93 ,its ,nature1 & h[ ,color$4--,wall ,tiles4--,inlay+ ( ,mummy ,cases4--,p]sonal ,ornam5ts4--,images4--,beads1 etc4--,vases4--,b[ls4--,glaz$ ,s*i/4--,/annif]\s ,enamel44444#hb ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,assyria ,,& ,,babylonia4 ,possible ,priority to ,egyptian ,pott]y4--,simil>ity betwe5 ,assyrian & ,egyptian4--,! ,c\rse foll[$ by bo? ,arts4--,unbak$ ,bricks4--,bak$ ,bricks4--,writ+ ,tablets4--,seals4--,vases4--,t]ra-cotta s4--,porcela94--,glaz+ & ,enamell+4--,t94--,color$ ,enamels4--,babylonian ,bricks4--,glazes44444#ig ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,jud,a4 ,art ,d]iv$ f ,egypt4--,nev] ,rea*$ any ,em95ce4--,pref]5ce = ,metals4--,frequ5t ,allusions 9 ,scripture4--,b\ght ,e>!n-w>e f ,phnicia & ,egypt4--,home ,manufacture4--,decoration4--,necessity = ,di/+ui%+ betwe5 ,home & ,=eign ,w>es44444#ajc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,india ,,& ,,c5tral ,,asia4 ,my/]y ,surr\nd+ ,p4--,hi/ory ( its ,art 9 great measure ,unkn[n4--,que/ions ( its ,exi/5ce & ,orig9ality4--,h[ !y ,arose4--,! ,brahm9s4--,geographical ,position4--,views ( ,e>ly ,travell]s4--,lat] ,inve/igations4--,m ,anci5t ,pott]y4--,clay ,us$4--,k ( ,glaz+3 ,its ,application to ,ar*itecture4--,glaz$ ,bricks4--,t]ra-cotta4--,*ronological ,arrangem5t4--,porcela93 ,its ,decoration4--,use ( ,gold4--,siam44444#aje ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,*9a4 ,art ,diff]5t f t ( ,europe or ,am]ica4--,h[ x mu/ be ,view$4--,religion4--,leg5d4--,hoang-ti ! ,inv5tor ( ,pott]y4--,! ,lead+ ,po9ts ( ,religi\s ,sy/em4--,p]sonifi$ ,pr9ciples4--,lao-tseu1 ,confucius1 & ,buddha4--,kuan-94--,p\sa or ,p\-tai4--,dragons4--,dog ( ,fo4--,ky-l94--,sacr$ ,horse4--,fong-hoang4--,symbols4--,mean+ ( ,colors & ,%apes4--,,pott]y3 ,:5 ,fir/ ,made4--,cladon4--,crackle4--,h[ ,made4--,porcela9 ,crackle4--,decorations on ,crackle4--,h\sehold ,vessels4--,/one-w>e4--,lic\li4--,t[] ( ,nank94--,pipe-clay4--,bocc>o4--,colors & ,decoration ( ,pott]y4--,colors on ,crackle4 ,,porcela93 ,:5 ,inv5t$4--,k+-teh-*94--,all ,class$ z ,h>d1 ,exceptions4--,old ,porcela9s4--,k\an-ki4--,blue-&-:ite4--, p]sian ,/yles4--,turquoise & o!r ,blues4--,lead+ ,ev5ts ( ,m+ ,dyna/y4--,egg-%ell4--,tai-?s+ ,dyna/y4--,m&>9 ,vases4--,families4--,old ,:ite4--,jade4--,purple & ,violet4--,liv] ,r$4--,imp]ial ,yell[4--,*9ese ,ideas ( ,pa9t+4--,s\ffl4--,gra9s ( ,rice4--,articulat$ & ,reticulat$ ,vases4--,cup ( ,tantalus44444#aji ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,corea4 ,geographical ,position4--,successive ,conque/s4--,its ,indep5d5t ,art4--,confus$ ,op9ions reg>d+ x4--,its ,porcela94--,decoration44444#aed ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,japan4 ,h[ to ,/udy ,japanese ,art3 ,its ,orig94--,its ,reviv$ ,indep5d5ce4--,nom9o-,s\k\ne4--,%irozaye mon4--,raku4--,:5 ,porcela9 0 ,fir/ ,made4--,%onsui4--,=m ( ,gov]nm5t4--,! ,gods4--,symbols4--8,l& ( ,great ,peace40--,=eign ,relations4--,g5]al ,features ( ,art4--,*9ese & ,japanese ,porcela9s4--,,pott]y3 ,geographical ,di/ribution4--,classification4--,satsum a4--,difficult ,w>e4--,saki ,cups4--,imitations ( ,satsuma4--,kioto4--,awata4--,awadji4--, banko4 --,kiusiu4--,k>atsu4--,suma4--,,porcela9 3 ,lead+ ,diff]5ces betwe5 ,japanese & ,*9ese4--,sometsuki ,blue4--,w>e = ,export4--,gosai1 or ,ni%ikide4--,arita1 or ,hiz54--,families4--,decoration4--,mod]n ,hiz54--,seidji4--,kioto4--,eraku4--,kag a4--,portraiture4--,ow>i4--,lacqu]4 --,cloisonn4--,rose ,family4--,e>ly ,/yles3 ,indian3 ,dut* ,designs4--,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics ( ,japanese ,art44444#aef ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,p]sia4 ,p]sia1 & its ,influ5ce4--,hi/ory4--,conque/s4--,relig i\s ,revolutions4--,zoroa/]4--,mohamm$4--,ge ographical ,position4--,g5]al ,view ( ,influ5ces be>+ ^u ,art4--,decoration4--,fl[]s & ,symbols4--,conv5tional ,/yles4--,:5ce came ! ,mon/]s ,appe>+ ^u ,w>es4--,metallic ,lu/re4--,,pott]y3 ,composition4--,caution 9 ,look+ at ,specim5s4--,wall-,tiles & _! ,decoration4--,vases4--,,porcela93 ,_h ,p]sia a ,true ,porcela98--,classification1 & ! ,difficulties ,att5d+ ,x4--,decoration4--,classes ,=m$ by ,prevail+ ,color44444#ahi ,,book ,,iii4--,,europe4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,f\nta9s ,,( ,,european ,,art4 ,r\tes by :i* ,art ,travell$4--,_! ,po9t ( ,conv]g5ce4--,cyprus3 ,its ,hi/ory4--,! ,successive ,nations ,gov]n+ ,x4--,! ,/rata ( ,anci5t ,civilization f\nd )9 its ,%ores4--,! ,discov]ies ( ,cesnola4--,l>naca4--,dali4--,a?i5o4--,c urium4--,progress ( ,cypriote ,pott]y4--,e>ly ,greek ,art3 ,its ,connection ) ,assyria & ,egypt4--,phnician & ,assyrian ,art4--,g5]al ,d$uctions4--,asia ,m9or4--,ori5tal ,art turn+ 9 v>i\s ,/reams to ,greece4--,:at ,greece ,reject$1 ,p]sia ,seiz$ ^u4--,p]sia's ,contributions to ,c]amic ,art4--,hi/ory 9 ,ref]5ce to its ,art4--,effect ( ,conque/4--,:at ,p]sia ,taught ! ,arabs4--,spread ( ,p]sian ,art by ! ,s>ac5s4--,rhodes4--,damascus4--,progres s ( ,s>ac5ic ,art4--,! ,nor? ( ,africa4--,metallic ,lu/re & ,/annif]\s ,enamel4--,hispano-,moresque4--,e>ly ,spa94--,p]sian ,influ5ce ^u ,europe44444#aih ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,greece4 ,g5]al ,"* ( ,greek ,c]amics4--,=m & ,color4--,borr[$ f ,egypt & ,phnicia4--,h[ ,orig9al4--,,unbak$ ,,clay3 ,bricks & ,/atues4--,,t]ra-,,cotta3 ,:]e ,us$4--,tiles4--,models4--,vessels4--,pi ?os4--,amphora4--,pigm5ts us$ on ,t]ra-cotta4--,rhyton4--,,glaz$ ,,w>es3 ,quality ( ,glaze4--,pa/e4--,enum]ation & ,description ( ,vessels4--,uses ( ,vases4--,*ronological ,arrangem5t4--,me?ods ( ,mak+ ,vessels4--,successive ,/yles ( ,ornam5tation4--,figures4--,e>lie/ ,/yle4--,ar*aic ,/yle4--,human ,figures4--8,old ,/yle40--,approa* to ,be/ ,art4--8,f9e ,/yle40--8,florid ,/yle40--,decl9e4--,classification accord+ to ,subjects ,repres5t$ on ,vases4--,reliefs & ,/atuettes z ,decoration44444#bai ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ib]ian ,,p59sula4 ,,spa93 ,anci5t ,pott]y4--,val5cia ! ,mo/ ,anci5t ,c5tre4--,! ,roman ,p]iod4--,arabs4--,val5cia "u ! ,moors4--,its ,decl9e4--,malaga ! ,mo/ ,anci5t ,moori% ,settlem5t4--,! ,alhambra ,vase4--,influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4--,majorca4--,azulejos4--,mo d]n ,spa94--,porcela94--,bu5 ,retiro4--,moncloa4--,alcora4--,,portuga l3 ,vi/a ,allegre4--,rato4--,caldas44444#bcc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,italy4 ,italian ,art4--,:5ce ,d]iv$4--,greece & ,p]sia4--,divisions4--,anci5t ,roman & ,etruscan4--,etruria & ,greece4--,que/ions ,result+ f ,discov]ies at ,vulci4--,e>ly ,connection betwe5 ,etruria & ,greece4--,etruscan ,art an ,(f%oot ( ,greek4--,examples4--,be/ ( ,black ,pa/e4--,:y ,etruscan ,art ,decl9$4--,rome4--,no?+ ,orig9al4--,its ,debt to ,etruria & ,greece4--,decl9e ( its ,art4--,unglaz$ ,pott]y & its ,divisions4--,glaz$ ,pott]y4--,samian ,w>e4--,aret9e4--,t]ra-cotta4--,aft] ,rome fell4--,! ,r5aissance4--,s>ac5ic ,influ5ces4--,crusades4--,conque/ ( ,majorca4--,t9 ,enamel & ,metallic ,lu/re4--,bac9i at ,pisa4--,lead ,glaze4--,majolica ,made at ,pes>o4--,sgraffiati4--,luca della ,robbia4--,sket* ( 8 ,life4--,8 ,alleg$ ,discov]y4--,:at he really ,accompli%$4--,:]e he ,acquir$ ! ,secret ( ,enamel4--,8 ,works4--,bas-,reliefs4--,pa9t+s on ! ,flat4--,8 ,successors4--,recapitulation ( ,beg9n+s ( ,italian ,majolica4--,*affagiolo4--,si5a4--,flor5 ce4--,pisa4--,pes>o4--,ca/el-,durante4 --,urb9o4--,gubbio & ,mae/ro ,giorgio4--,fa5za4--,=li1 ,rim9i1 & ,rav5na4--,v5ice4--,f]r>a4--,d]uta4--,na ples4--,%ape & ,color4--,mod]n ,italy4--,,porcela93 ,flor5ce & ,e>lie/ ,artificial ,porcela94--,!ory ( ,japanese ,tea*+4--,la ,doccia4--,v5ice1 & ! ,"q ( its ,fir/ ,mak+ ,european ,porcela94--,le ,nove4--,capo di ,monte44444#bdj ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,france4 ,prospect on approa*+ ,france4--,pres5t & ,pa/4--,! ,anci5t ,celts4--,"u ! ,romans4--,middle ,ages4--,poit\1 ,beauvais1 & ,hesd94--,italian ,influ5ce4--,a ,national ,art4--,b]n>d ,palissy1 ,b>bizet1 ,pull1 & ,avisseau4--,h5ri ,deux ,w>e4--,r\54--,nev]s4--,m\/i]s4--,m>seil les4--,/rasburg4--,limoges4 --,havil&'s ,new ,process4--,examples4--,b\rg-la-,re9e4-- ,laur94--,deck4 --,col9ot4--,creil4 --,mont]eau4--,longwy4--,p>ville4--,gi54 --,s>reguem9es4 --,ni$]vill]4--,luneville4--,nancy4--,/4 ,clem5t4--,/4 ,am&4--,p>is4--,sceaux4 --,,porcela93 ,ef=ts to ,make ,porcela94--,fir/ ,artificial ,porcela94--,/4 ,cl\d4--,lille4--,p>is4--,*antilly4--,m5 necy4--,v9c5nes4--,svres4--,natural1 or ,h>d1 ,porcela94--,discov]y ( ,kaol94--,v>i\s ,factories4--,limoges4 --,deck4--,regnault4--,solon4--,pate ,*angeante4--,pate-sur-,pate44444#bga ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,g]many ,,& ,,c5tral ,,europe4 ,e>ly ,pott]y4--,lake ,dwell]s4--,e>ly ,g]man4--,peculi> ,%apes4--,h[ ,peasants ,acc\nt = ,relics4--,roman ,epo*4--,t9 ,enamel4--,leipsic4--,breslau4--,nuremb] g4--,! ,hirs*vogels4--,vill5g54--,h*/4--,m>burg 4--,bav>ia4--,switz]l&4 --,belgium4--,delft4--,,/one-,,w>e3 ,c\ntess ,jacquel9e4--,teyl+54--,graybe>ds4--,f9e ,/one-w>e4--,grs de ,fl&re4--,creuss54--,,porcela93 ,btt*]4--,8 ,fir/ ,productions4--,meiss5 ,porcela94--,decoration4--,be/ ,days ( ,meiss54--,its ,decl9e4--,vi5na4--,h*/4--,fr/5burg4--,h xt]4--,frank5?al4 --,nymph5burg4--,b]l94--,holl&4--,weesp4 --,loosdre*t4--,! ,hague4--,switz]l&4--,zri*4--,nyon44444# cbg ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,russia1 ,,d5m>k1 ,,& ,,sc&9avia4 ,sc&9avian ,pott]y alli$ to ,teutonic4--,h&-%ap$ ,vessels4--,primitive ,kiln4--,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4--,/4 ,pet]sburg3 ,its ,porcela94--,mosc[4--,ror/r&4--,m>ieb]g4 --,mod]n ,sw$i% ,fai5ce4--,d5m>k4--,kiel4--,cop5hag54--, imitations ( ,greek4--,cop5hag5 ,porcela944444#cdd ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,& ,,irel&4 ,cont9uity ( ,hi/ory4--,e>ly ,briti% ,urns4--,scotti% ,relics4--,iri% ,urns4--,roman ,conque/4--,cai/or ,w>e4--,anglo-,roman ,w>e4--,saxon ,p]iod4--,aft] ! ,norman ,conque/4--,tiles4--,dut* ,pott]ies 9 ,engl&4--,engli% ,delft4--,/one-w>e4--,s&wi*4--,/af=d%ire ,pott]ies4--,e>ly ,products4--,! ,t(ts4--,salt ,glaze4--,broadwell & ! ,el]s ,family4--,use ( ,calc9$ ,fl9t4--,w$gwood4--,8 ,life4--,jasp] ,w>e4--,que5's ,w>e4--,! ,portl& ,vase4--,basaltes4--,w$gwood's ,removal to ,etruria4--,8 ,dea?4--,m9ton ,co4--,_! ,imitations ( ! ,ori5tal4--,pate ,*angeante4--,pate-sur-,pate4--,cloisonn ,enamel on ,porcela94--,o!r ,reproductions4--,_! ,majolica4--,_! ,arti/s4--,m9ton1 ,holl9s ,co4--,lambe?4--,d\lton ,w>e4--,t]ra-cotta & ,/one-w>e4--,george ,t9wor?4--,fulham4--,bri/ol4--,le$s4--,l iv]pool4--,l[e/(t4--,y>m\?4 --,nott+ham4--,%rop%ire4--,york%ire4--,, porcela93 ,plym\? ,h>d ,porcela94--,cookwor?y4--,b[4--,*elsea4- -,d]by4--,worce/]4--,m9ton4 --,pate-sur-,pate4--,spode4--,copel&4--, bri/ol4--,tun/all4--,caughley4 --,nantg>r[4--,swansea4--,colebrookdale4 --,p9xton4--,%elton4--,belleek4--,g5]al ,"* ( ,manufacture 9 ,great ,brita944444#ceb ,,book ,,iv4--,,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,s\? ,,am]ica4 ,antiquity ( ,am]ican ,p4--,scope ( ,inquiry4--,,p]u3 ,its ,old ,inhabitants4--,c\rse ( ,c]amic ,art4--,d\bts reg>d+ ,orig9 ( ,p]uvian ,civilization4--,p]iods4--,! ,incas4--,piz>ro4--,geological ,evid5ce ( ,antiquity4--,unbak$ ,bricks4--,pa*acamac4--,its ,graves4--,opposite ,types4--,effect ( ,religion4--,symbols4--,=ms ( ,pott]y4--,wat]-,vessels4--,human ,=ms4--,lead+ ,features ( ,decoration4--,colors ,employ$4--,processes4--,cu/oms ,le>n$ f ,pott]y4--,,brazil3 ,anci5t ,specim5s4--,mod]n ,w>e4--,bricks & ,tiles4--,talhas4--,mor+ues & o!r ,wat]-,vessels4--,colombia44444#cia ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,c5tral ,,am]ica4 ,connection ) ,p]u4--,nic>agua4--,ometepec4--,mod]n ,pott]s4--,guatemala4--,anci5t ,cities4--,:o ,built ,!m4--,copan4--,quirigua4--,pal5que4--,m itla44444#dah ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,m\nd-,,build]s4 ,:o 7 !y8--,_! suppos$ ,c5tral ,am]ican ,orig94--,! place !y occupy 9 ! pres5t ,hi/ory4--,rec5t ,discov]ies4--,pott]y ( ! ,l[] ,mississippi4--,d$uction f ,comp>ison ) ,p]uvian44444#dbe ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,indian ,,pott]y4 ,successors ( ! ,m\nd-build]s4--,op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,m>%4--,pueblos desc5d$ f ! ,m\nd-build]s4--,nat*ez & ,m&an ,tribes4--,pueblos ( ,colorado1 etc4--,pott]y f\nd at ,el ,moro4--,zuni4--,fur!r ,discov]ies4--,imm5se ,quantities ( ,fragm5t>y ,pott]y4--,corrugat$ ,pott]y ( ,colorado4--,pa9t$ ,pott]y4--,moquis ( ,tegua4--,mod]n ,pueblos4--,trade 9 ,pott]y4--,resemblances betwe5 ,pott]ies ( ,s\?1 ,c5tral1 & ,nor? ,am]ica4--,indian ,pott]y f ,ill9ois4--,l\isiana1 & h[ ,pott]y made4--,new ,j]sey ,indians4--,t5nessee4--,m>yl&4--,o!r ,indian ,tribes44444#dbi ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! ,future ( ,am]ica4--,ob/acles 9 ! ,way ( ,progress4--,comm]cial ,conditions ,illu/rat$ by ,t>iff4--,exp5se ( ,arti/ic ,"w4--,lack ( ,public ,support4--,am]ican ,m>ks4--,misrepres5tation ( ,am]ican ,w>es4--,mat]ials4--,e>ly ,use 9 ,engl& by ,w$gwood1 etc4--,cookwor?y & a ,virg9ian4--,native ,use ( ,clay4--,new ,j]sey4--,value ( ,clay ,deposit ,illu/rat$4--,am]ican ,kaol94--,vague ,use ( ,^w4--,analysis4--,op9ions ( ,am]ican ,deposits4--,,pott]y3 ,dep5d5ce ^u ,engl&4--,w$gwood's ,fe>s ( ,am]ican ,competition4--,norwi*4--,h>t=d4--,/on+t on4--,norwalk4--,h]b]tsville4 --,sayreville4--,s\? ,amboy4--,philadelphia4--,baltimore4--,j ]sey ,city4 --,b5n+ton4--,new ,york ,city ,pott]y4--,tr5ton4--,pres5t ,ext5t ( ,indu/ry4 --,tr5ton ,ivory ,porcela94--,t]ra-cotta4--,bev]ly4--,*el sea4--,portl&4 --,cambridge4--,,porcela93 ,philadelphia4--,william ,ellis ,tuck]4--,b5n+ton4 --,j]sey ,city4--,gre5po9t4--,decorat+ ,e/abli%m5ts4--,metal & ,porcela944444#ddb ,,index44444#dhi ,,illu/rations4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,fig4 ,,c\ntry ,,or ,,subject ,,collection ,,page ,,*apt] ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,introduction #a ,france ,old ,svres ,pate ,teudre ,l4 ,d\ble #bc #b ,greece & ,amphor ,di ,cesnola #be ,phonecia #c ,*9a ,bottles #bf #d ,greece ,diog5es 9 ,pi?os #bg #e 8 ,prize ,vase #bh #f 8 ,rhyton ,trumbull-,prime #bi #g 8 ,kylix #bi #h ,egypt ,sepul*ral ,cone ,trumbull-,prime #cj #i 8 ,pa9t$ ,ball #ca #aj 8 ,glaz$ ,draughtsman #ca #aa ,babylon ,enamell$ ,brick ,l\vre #cb #ab ,japan ,hexagonal ,vase ,r4,h4 ,pruyn #cg #ac ,p]sia ,tile #ch #ad 8 ,mosque ( ,sultaneah #ci #ae ,japan ,porcela9 ,vase ,j4,f4 ,sutton #dj #af ,*9a ,crackle ,vase ,j4,f4 ,sutton #da #ag ,france ,palissy ,di% ,soltyk(f #dc #ah 8 ,limoges ,porcela9 ,mrs ,*>les ,crock] #df #ai 8 ,limoges ,porcela9 ,?omas ,scott #dg ,,te*nology #bj ,egypt ,blue-glaz$ ,pott]y #dh ,,manufacture #ba1bb 44 ,pug-mills #fg #bc ,judea ,pott] at ,"w #gj #bd ,egypt ,a ,pott]y #gb #be ,italy ,v5etian ,pott] #gd #bf-bi 44 ,e>!n-w>e & #gg-gi ,porcela9 ,kilns ,,egypt #cj ,captives mak+ ,bricks #hd #ca ,sc>abu ,way1 ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #hf #cb ,gods ,way1 ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #hg #cc ,e>!n-w>e #hh #cd ,pott]y ,cone ,trumbull-,prime #hi #ce ,t]ra-cotta ,vase ,briti% ,museum #hi #cf ,poli%$ ,t]ra-cotta #ia #cg ,poli%$ ,t]ra-cotta ,briti% ,museum #ia #ch ,glaz$ ,pott]y ,vase #ib #ci ,sc>abi ,way1 ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #ib #dj ,pectoral ,tablets ,way1 ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #ic #da1db ,mummy ,figures ,way1 ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #id1ie #dc ,fragm5t ,t9 ,enamel ,trumbull-,prime #if ,,assyria1 ,etc #dd ,pott]y ,vases #ig #de ,t]ra-cotta ,v5us #ih #df ,cyl9d] ,briti% ,museum #ih #dg ,inscrib$ ,seal #ih #dh ,seal ( ,sabaco #ih #di ,enl>g$ ,impression #ii #ej ,back ( ,assyrian ,seal #ii #ea ,fragm5t3 ,porcela9 787 #ii #eb ,box 9 ,porcela9787 #ii #ec ,enamell$ ,brick ,l\vre #ii #ed ,babylonian ,brick #ajj #ee ,mujellib #ajj #ef ,t]ra-cotta ,tablet ,briti% ,museum #aja #eg ,bak$ ,clay ,ram #ajb #eh ,glaz$ ,c(f9s #ajb ,,judea #ei ,e>!n-w>e ,vessels #ajc #fj ,lamps & ,oil ,vessels #ajd ,,india #fa ,porcela9 ,vases #ajh ,,*9a #fb ,porcela9 ,gr\p ,s4,p4 ,av]y #aji #fc ,*eon-lao #aaa #fd ,kuan-9 ,s4 ,p4 ,av]y #aab #fe ,dog ,fo #aac #ff ,vase ) ,ky-l9 ,augu/ ,belmont #aac #fg ,sacr$ ,horse #aad #fh ,fong-hoang #aad #fi ,vase ) ,fong-hoang ,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr #aae #gj ,crackle ,vase ,s4,p4 ,av]y #aah #ga ,nank9 ,t[] #aai #gb ,bricks f ,nank9 ,t[] ,n4 ,y4 ,metro4 ,museum #aai #gc ,crackle ,vase ,j4,c4 ,runkle #abj #gd ,porcela9 ,lant]n ,s4,p4 ,av]y #aba #ge-hb ,honorific ,m>ks #abd #hc ,blue-&-:ite ,porcela9 ,j4,c4 ,runkle #abe #hd ,blue-&-:ite ,porcela9 ,w4,l4 ,&rews #abe #he ,lancelle ,vase ,w4,l4 ,&rews #abf #hf ,blue-&-:ite ,vase ,j4,c4 ,runkle #abg #hg 8,haw?orn0 ,vase ,s4,p4 ,av]y #abh #hh 8,haw?orn0 ,vase ,j4,c4 ,runkle #abi #hi ,black 8,haw?orn0 ,s4,p4 ,av]y #acj #ij ,a/] ,plaque ,w4,l4 ,&rews #aca #ia ,ew]1 ,p]sian ,/yle ,j4,c4 ,runkle #acb #ib ,turquoise ,vase ,s4,p4 ,av]y #acc #ic ,kieu-long ,gre5 ,j4,c4 ,runkle #ace #id ,m+ ,vase ,g4,r4 ,hall1 ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #acg #ie ,m+ ,vase ,j4,c4 ,runkle #ach #if ,m+ ,vase1 ,gre5 ,f4 ,rob9son #aci #ig ,rose ,family ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #adj #ih ,rose ,plate ,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr #ada #ii ,rose ,b[l ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #adb #ajj ,rose ,egg-%ell ,w4,l4 ,&rews #adc #aja ,:ite ,porcela9 ,cup ,j4,c4 ,runkle #ade #ajb ,five-f+]$ ,rosadon ,g4,w4 ,wales #adi #ajc ,yell[ ,porcela9 ,j4,f4 ,sutton #aej #ajd ,gra9s ( ,rice ,s4,p4 ,av]y #aea #aje ,reticulat$ ,vase ,s4,p4 ,av]y #aeb #ajf ,cup & ,sauc] ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #aec ,,corea #ajg ,e>!n-w>e ,j> ,a4,a4 ,vant9e ,co #aed #ajh ,porcela9 ,cup & ,sauc] ,w4,l4 ,&rews #aee #aji ,porcela9 ,vase #aee ,,japan #aaj ,japanese ,gods #aef #aaa ,raku ,b[l ,a4,a4 ,vant9e ,co #afj #aab ,kiri-mon #afa #aac ,guik-mon #afa #aad ,tycoon's ,arms #afa #aae ,dragon ,b[l ,corcoran ,art ,gall4 #afb #aaf ,satsuma ,vase ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #aff #aag ,satsuma ,vase ,augu/ ,belmont #afg #aah ,satsuma ,vase ,r4,h4 ,pruyn #afh #aai ,satsuma ,vase ,j4,w4 ,paige #afi #abj ,satsuma ,vase ,j4,f4 ,sutton #agj #aba ,kioto ,fai5ce ,a4,a4 ,vant9e ,co #aga #abb ,kioto ,fai5ce ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #aga #abc ,kioto ,fai5ce ,j4,f4 ,sutton #agb #abd ,kius9 ,vase ,a4,a4 ,vant9e ,co #agb #abe ,k>atsu ,vase ,j4,f4 ,sutton #agc #abf ,suma ,vase ,a4,a4 ,vant9e ,co #agc #abg ,satsuma ,vase ,rob]t ,h4 ,pruyn #agd #abh ,porcela9 ,plaque ,w4,l4 ,&rews #age #abi ,old ,hiz51 or ,im>i ,a4,a4 ,vant9e ,co #agg #acj ,porcela9 ,di% ,r4,h4 ,pruyn #agg #aca ,hiz5 ,porcela9 ,vase ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #agh #acb ,japanese ,porcela9 ,vase ,h4,c4 ,gibson #agh #acc ,kaga ,vase ,a4,a4 ,vant9e ,co #agi #acd ,ow>i ,vase ,yo%ida ,kiyon>i #aha #ace ,lacqu] ,vase ,corcoran ,art ,gall]y #ahb #acf ,tokio ,cloisonn ,enamel ,j4,f4 ,sutton #ahb #acg ,ow>i ,cloisonn ,enamel ,j4,f4 ,sutton #ahc #ach ,rose ,family ,vase ,rob]t ,h4 ,pruyn #ahc ,,p]sia #aci ,fai5ce ,plaque ,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr #ahi #adj1ada ,fai5ce ,plaques ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #aib #adb ,%r9e ( ,imam ,husse9 #aid #adc ,porcela9 ,bottle ,jacquem>t #aif #add ,porcela9 ,n>ghili #aif ,,f\nta9s ,,( ,,european ,,art #ade ,g5]al ,di ,cesnola #aii #adf-adi ,phnician ,vases ,di ,cesnola #bjj-bjb #aej ,assyro-,phnician ,vase ,di ,cesnola #bjc #aea ,greek ,vase ,di ,cesnola #bjd #aeb-aeh ,phnician ,pott]y ,di ,cesnola #bje-bji #aei ,greek ,vases & ,cups ,di ,cesnola #baj #afj ,s>ac5 ,tile ,trumbull-,prime #bac #afa ,s>ac5 ,tiles ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #bac #afb1afc ,rhodian ,fai5ce #bad1bae #afd ,maghreb ,urn #baf ,,greece #afe ,e>ly ,greek ,aryballoi ,trumbull-,prime #bai #aff ,e>ly ,greek ,vases #bbj #afg ,greek ,vase ,l\vre #bba #afh ,head ( ,m9]va ,trumbull-,prime #bbb #afi ,/amnos #bbc #agj ,askos #bbc #aga ,skyphos #bbc #agb ,rhyton #bbd #agc1agd ,krat]s #bbd1bbe #age ,holmos #bbe #agf ,kelebe #bbe #agg ,oxybaphon #bbe #agh1agi ,pro*oos #bbf #ahj ,olpe #bbf #aha ,kya?os #bbg #ahb ,kan?>os #bbg #ahc ,kylix ,trumbull-,prime #bbh #ahd ,e>ly ,greek ,o9o*oe ,trumbull-,prime #bbh #ahe ,e>ly ,greek ,o9o*oe ,t4,g4 ,appleton1 #bbi ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #ahf ,bac*ic ,amphora ,t4,g4 ,appleton1 #bbi ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #ahg ,kalpis ,t4,g4 ,appleton1 #bcj ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #ahh ,hydria ,trumbull-,prime #bca #ahi ,amphora ,t4,g4 ,appleton1 #bca ,b4,m4,f4,a4 ,,spa9 #aij ,hispano-,moresque ,vase ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bcc #aia ,hispano-,moresque ,plaque ,j4,w4 ,paige #bcd #aib ,alhambra ,vase #bce #aic ,hispano-,moresque ,plaque ,g4,w4 ,wales1 #bcf ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #aid ,e>ly ,hispano-,moresque ,bo/on ,h\sehold #bcf ,art ,rooms #aie ,moori% ,tile #bcg #aif ,e>ly ,hispano-,moresque ,bo/on ,h\sehold #bcg ,art ,rooms ,,italy #aig ,etruscan ,vase ,j4,j4 ,dixwell #bdc #aih ,roman ,lamps #bde #aii ,samian ,w>e #bde #bjj ,siculo-,moresque ,vase #bdg #bja ,siculo-,moresque ,vases ,ca/ellani #bdh #bjb ,sgraffiato #bdi #bjc ,luca della ,robbia #bej #bjd ,robbia ,m$allion ,htel ,cluny #bea #bje ,robbia ,plaque ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #bea #bjf ,robbia ,m$allion ,s\? ,k5s+ton #beb #bjg ,&rea della ,robbia ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #beb ,plaque #bjh ,imitation ,robbia ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #bec #bji ,/ ,seba/ian1 by ,giorgio ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bec #baj ,*affagiolo ,pit*] ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bed #baa ,si5a ,vase ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bed #bab ,! ,s=za ,di% #bef #bac ,pes>o ,vase ,john ,taylor ,john/on #beg #bad ,ca/el-,durante ,di% ,s\? ,k5s+ton #beh #bae ,ca/el-,durante ,di% ,ca/ellani #beh #baf ,plate by ,xanto ,m>ryat #bei #bag ,urb9o ,vase ,ca/ellani #bfj #bah ,urb9o ,pilgrim's ,bottle ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bfa #bai ,gubbio ,lu/re ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bfa #bbj ,platean by ,giorgio ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bfb #bba ,fa5za ,di% #bfc #bbb ,d]uta ,di% ,s\? ,k5s+ton #bfd #bbc ,m$icean ,porcela9 ,ca/ellani #bff #bbd ,design on ! ,above #bfg #bbe ,nove ,porcela9 #bfi ,,france #bbf ,biscuit ,gr\p1 ,svres ,augu/ ,belmont #bga #bbg ,b]n>d ,palissy #bgd #bbh ,palissy ,di% ,ro?s*ild #bgf #bbi ,palissy ,pit*] ,ro?s*ild #bgg #bcj ,b>bizet ,plaque ,tiffany ,co #bgh #bca ,palissy ,ci/]n #bgi #bcb ,h5ri ,deux ,ew] #bhj #bcc ,h5ri ,deux ,bib]on ,malcolm #bhj #bcd ,r\5 ,fai5ce #bha #bce ,r\5 ,fai5ce ,trumbull-,prime #bhb #bcf1bcg ,m\/i]s ,di%es #bhd1bhe #bch ,havil& ,fai5ce ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #bij #bci ,havil& ,fai5ce ,h5ry ,havemey] #bif #bdj ,havil& ,fai5ce ,g4,w4 ,gibson #big #bda ,havil& ,fai5ce ,:itelaw ,reid #big #bdb ,havil& ,fai5ce ,mrs ,wm4 ,h4 ,dannat #bih #bdc ,havil& ,fai5ce ,mrs ,col ,t4 ,scott #cjj #bdd ,havil& ,fai5ce ,cl>a ,l4 ,kellogg #cjb #bde ,b\rg-la-,re9e ,fai5ce ,g4 ,collamore #cjc #bdf ,b\rg-la-,re9e ,fai5ce ,tiffany ,co #cjc #bdg ,deck ,fai5ce ,corcoran ,art ,gall]y #cjd #bdh1bdi ,deck ,bottle & ,vase ,g4 ,collamore #cje #bej ,col9ot ,fai5ce ,tiffany ,co #cjf #bea ,col9ot ,fai5ce ,g4 ,collamore #cjf #beb ,col9ot ,fai5ce ,tiffany ,co #cjg #bec ,longwy ,fai5ce ,g4 ,collamore #cjh #bed1bee ,longwy ,fai5ce ,tiffany ,co #cjh1cji #bef ,p>ville ,fai5ce ,tiffany ,co #cji #beg ,gi5 ,fai5ce ,d4 ,collamore #caj #beh ,s>reguem9es ,fai5ce ,g4 ,collamore #caj #bei ,/ ,cl\d ,porcela9 ,jacquem>t #cab #bfj ,v9c5nes ,porcela9 ,duke de ,m>t9a #cac #bfa ,svres ,pate ,t5dre ,augu/ ,belmont #cad #bfb ,jewell$ ,svres ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #cae #bfc ,jewell$ ,svres ,h4,c4 ,gibson #cae #bfd ,svres ,vase ,mrs ,c4,b4 ,hosack #caf #bfe ,svres ,vase ,:ite ,h\se #cag #bff ,svres ,porcela9 ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #cag ,c&le/ick #bfg ,svres ,vase ,:ite ,h\se #cah #bfh ,svres ,tea-set ,miss ,m4,f4 ,curtis #cah #bfi1bgj ,wa%+ton's ,svres #cai #bga ,limoges ,porcela9 ,s4,s4 ,conant #cbj #bgb ,limoges ,porcela9 #cbj #bgc ,limoges ,porcela9 ,mrs ,col ,t4 ,scott #cba #bgd ,limoges ,porcela9 ,g5]al ,a4,j4 ,my] #cba #bge ,limoges ,porcela9 ,:itelaw ,reid #cbb #bgf ,limoges ,pate ,t5dre ,h4,j4 ,jewitt #cbb #bgg-bgi ,limoges ,pate ,t5dre #cbc1cbd #bhj1bha ,deck ,vase & ,plaque ,g4 ,collamore #cbe #bhb ,pate-sur-pate1 by ,solon ,g4 ,w4 ,wales1 #cbf ,b4,m4,f4,a4 ,,g]many #bhc ,hut-%ap$ ,vases #cbh #bhd ,hirs*vogel ,vase #ccj #bhe1bhf ,delft ,fai5ce ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #cca1ccb #bhg1bhh ,graybe>ds #ccd #bhi1bij ,f9e ,/one-w>e #cce #bia ,btt*] ,/one-w>e ,d4 ,collamore #ccg #bib ,meiss5 ,porcela9 ,f4 ,rob9son #ccg #bic ,meiss5 ,porcela9 #cch #bid ,meiss5 ,porcela9 ,l4 ,d\ble #cci #bie ,meiss5 ,porcela9 ,augu/ ,belmont #cdj #bif ,meiss5 ,porcela9 ,j4,c4 ,runkle #cdj 7,m>col9i7 #big ,mod]n ,dresd5 ,porcela9 ,d4 ,collamore #cda #bih ,b]l9 ,porcela9 ,d4 ,collamore #cda #bii ,b]l9 ,porcela9 ,vase ,augu/ ,belmont #cdb ,,russia1 ,,d5m>k1 ,,sc&9avia #cjj ,russian ,fai5ce ,d4 ,collamore #cdd #cja1cjb ,sw$i% ,fai5ce ,william ,a/or #cde1cdf #cjc ,norwegian ,fai5ce ,w4,b4 ,dick]man #cdg #cjd-cjf ,ips5 ,t]ra-cotta ,ov+ton ,bro!rs #cdh1cdi #cjg ,w5dri* ,t]ra-cotta ,t4 ,s*midt #cej #cjh ,cop5hag5 ,porcela9 ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #cea ,,great ,,brita9 #cji ,anci5t ,briti% ,vases #cec #caj1caa ,celtic ,pott]y #ced #cab1cac ,romano-,briti% ,w>e #cee #cad ,saxon ,pott]y #cef #cae ,anglo-,norman ,vases #cef #caf-cah ,old ,engli% ,tiles ,bo/4 ,h\sehold #ceg ,art ,rooms #cai ,posset-pot1 #ae? ,c5tury ,bateman #cei #cbj ,/af=d%ire ,tyg #cei #cba ,el]s ,w>e #cfj #cbb ,josiah ,w$gwood #cfj #cbc ,w$gwood ,cameo #cfa #cbd ,w$gwood ,basaltes ,mey] #cfb #cbe ,w$gwood ,jasp] ,b>l[ #cfc #cbf ,w$gwood ,e>!n-w>e ,w4,s4 ,w>d #cfc #cbg ,w$gwood ,portl& ,vase #cfd #cbh ,w$gwood ,jasp] ,vase ,john ,w4 ,britton #cfe #cbi ,w$gwood ,e>!n-w>e ,d4 ,collamore #cfe #ccj ,w$gwood ,plate ,tiffany ,co #cff #cca ,w$gwood ,majolica ,horace ,russell #cfg #ccb ,m9ton ,/one-w>e ,d4 ,collamore #cfh #ccc ,m9ton ,plaque ,tiffany ,co #cfi #ccd ,m9ton ,majolica ,corcoran ,art ,gall]y #cgj #cce1ccf ,d\lton ,w>e ,w4,b4 ,dick]man #cga #ccg ,lambe? ,fai5ce #cgb #cch1cci ,lambe? ,fai5ce ,d4 ,collamore #cgc #cdj ,d\lton ,t]ra-cotta ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #cgd #cda ,lambe? ,fai5ce ,dr ,h4,g4 ,piff>d #cge #cdb ,l[e/(t ,pott]y ,f4 ,rob9son #cge #cdc ,plym\? ,porcela9 #cgg #cdd ,b[ ,porcela9 #cgg #cde ,*elsea ,porcela9 #cgh #cdf ,d]by ,porcela9 ,f4 ,rob9son #cgh #cdg ,bloor-,d]by ,f4 ,rob9son #cgi #cdh ,old ,worce/] ,porcela9 ,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr #cgi #cdi ,worce/] ,porcela9 ,g4 ,collamore #chj #cej1cea ,worce/] ,porcela9 ,d4 ,collamore #chj1cha #ceb ,m9ton ,pate-sur-pate1 ,h4,c4 ,gibson #chb ,solon #cec ,jewell$ ,copel& ,tiffany ,co #chc #ced1cee ,copel& ,p>ian #chd #cef ,copel& ,reticulat$ ,w4,b4 ,dick]man #che ,w>e #ceg ,%elton ,porcela9 ,d4 ,collamore #chh #ceh-cfj ,belleek ,porcela9 ,tiffany ,co #chh1chi ,,s\? ,,am]ica #cfa ,tile-piece1 by #cia ,f4,t4 ,vance #cfb1cfc ,p]uvian ,pott]y #cic1cig #cfd ,p]uvian ,wat]-j> ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #djj #cfe ,p]uvian ,pott]y #djj #cff ,p]uvian ,dr9k+-vessel #dja #cfg ,pott]y f ,cuzco #dja #cfh ,coil$ ,wat]-vessel ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #djb #cfi1cgj ,p]uvian ,pott]y #djc #cga ,p]uvian ,wat]-vessel ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #djd #cgb ,greek ,head-%ap$ ,cup #djd #cgc-cge ,p]uvian ,pott]y #dje1djf #cgf-cgh ,p]uvian ,pott]y ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #djg1djh #cgi-cha ,p]uvian ,pott]y #djh1dji #chb ,p]uvian ,black ,vessel ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #daj #chc ,p]uvian ,pa9t$ ,cup ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #daj #chd1che ,p]uvian ,pott]y #daa #chf-chh ,p]uvian ,pott]y ,b>boza #dab1dac #chi ,brazilian ,bas9 #dad #cij ,burial ,urn #dad #cia1cib ,mod]n ,pott]y #dae1daf #cic ,colombia ,corrugat$ ,w>e ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #dag ,,c5tral ,,am]ica #cid ,vase f ,ometepec ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #dah #cie ,vase f ,ometepec ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #dai #cif ,tripod f ,ometepec ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #dai #cig ,urns f ,ometepec #dbj #cih1cii ,t]ra-cotta ,figures #dbj1dba #djj ,t]ra-cotta ,heads #dba #dja ,guatemala ,urn #dbb #djb ,guatemala ,cup #dbb ,,m\nd- ,,build]s #djc ,vases f ,miss\ri ,mrs ,j4,v4,l4 ,pruyn #dbe #djd ,vase ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #dbf #dje ,vase ,smi?sonian ,in/4 #dbf #djf ,vase ,b4,m4,f4,a4 #dbg #djg ,vases #dbg ,,indian #djh-daj ,corrugat$ ,pott]y ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey #dcb1dcc #daa ,pott]y ,h&le ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey #dcc #dab ,pott]y ,ladle ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey #dcd #dac ,pott]y ,pipe ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey #dcd #dad-dbc ,pa9t$ ,pott]y ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey #dcd-dcf #dbd ,pott]y ) ,relief ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey #dcf #dbe-dbh ,mod]n ,moqui ,u4 ,s4 ,geol4 ,survey #dcf1dcg ,,unit$ ,,/ates #dbi ,gre5po9t ,porcela9 #ddc #dcj ,j]sey ,city ,e>!n-w>e #def #dca ,n4 ,y4 ,city ,porcela9 #deg #dcb ,n4 ,y4 ,iron-/one ,*9a #deh #dcc ,n4 ,y4 ,city ,pott]y #deh #dcd-dch ,tr5ton ,p>ian #dfd-dfg #dci1ddj ,*elsea ,t]ra-cotta #dgj #dda1ddb ,philadelphia ,porcela9 ,trumbull-,prime #dga1dgb #ddc ,b5n+ton ,porcela9 ,trumbull-,prime #dgb #ddd ,gre5po9t ,c5tury ,vase #dgd #dde 8,kramos0 ,vase #dge #ddf ,gre5po9t ,biscuit #dgf ,porcela9 #ddg 8,song ( ! ,%irt0 #dgg #ddh1ddi ,gre5po9t ,porcela9 #dgh1dgi #dej ,gre5po9t ,porcela9 ,e4 ,bi]/adt #dgi #dea ,poets' ,pit*] #dhj #deb-ded ,gre5po9t ,porcela9 #dhj1dha #dee ,gre5po9t ,porcela9 #dhb #def ,engli% ,porcela9 ,d4 ,collamore #dhb #deg ,j]sey ,city ,e>!n-w>e #dhc #deh-dfj ,b5nett ,fai5ce ,d4 ,collamore #dhd1dhe #dfa ,plate by ,j4,m4 ,falcon] #dhe #dfb ,porcela9 & ,silv] ,re$ ,b>ton #dhf #dfc ,porcela9 & ,silv] ,re$ ,b>ton #dhf #dfd ,porcela9 & ,silv] ,j4,w4 ,britton #dhg ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,b4,m4,f4,a4 ,bo/4 ,mus4 ( ,f9e ,arts ,,! ,,c]amic ,,art4 ,,introduction4 ,advantages ( ! ,/udy4--,! ,lo/ ,orig9 ( ! ,art4--,ascrib$ to ! ,gods4--,leg5ds ( ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,egypt1 & ,greece4--,k]amos4--,a ,solution sugge/$4--,h[ ,pott]y illu/rates ,hi/ory4--,h[ x expla9s ! ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5ts4--,its ,be>+s ^u ,religion4--,examples f ,egypt1 ,greece1 & ,*9a4--,! ,art repres5t$ 9 ,pott]y4--,its ,p]man5cy4--,z a ,comb9ation ( ,=m ) ,draw+ & ,color4--,greek ,art4--,its ,m]its & ,defects4--,! ,ori5tals1 & _! ,att5tion to ,color4--,ea/]n ,skill4--,! ,aim ( ,palissy4--,! ,highe/ ,aim ( ! ,c]amic ,arti/4--,pa9t+ on ,porcela94--,rules to be ,obs]v$ 9 ,decorat+4--,:]e ,color alone is a ,wor?y ,object4--,h[ ! ,art af=ds ! ,be/ ,illu/ration ( ! ,useful comb9$ ) ! ,beautiful4--,its ,place 9 ! ,h\sehold4 ,! hi/ory ( c]amic art c>ries u back to ages ( :i* x has furni%$ u ) ! only records4 ,beg9n+ almo/ ) ! appe>ance ( man ^u ! globe1 x br+s u d[n ?r\gh ! intricate pa?s ( 8 migrations to ! "t 9 :i* we live4 ,hi/orically1 !re=e1 ! /udy ( ! art is n only replete ) int]e/1 b promises mu* b5efit to ! /ud5t4 ,! =ms "u :i* x appe>s are s v>i$1 ! circuit\s r\te x has foll[$ leads to s _m l&s & among s _m peoples1 & ! cu/oms x illu/rates are s di/9ctive ( widely sep>at$ nationalities1 t its hi/ory is co-ext5sive ) t ( humanity4 ,9 _m cases x supplies u ) in=mation reg>d+ nations ^: works 9 pott]y are _! only monum5ts4 ,7 we1 !re=e1 to attempt to f9d its orig91 we might g back z f> z writt5 hi/ory c\ld guide u1 & !n f9d pro(s ( its exi/5ce 9 a prehi/oric age4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve t1 z we comp>e ! e>lie/ productions ( diff]5t c\ntries1 we discov] a simil>ity betwe5 ! crude ideas to :i* !y owe _! orig94 ,x is equally rem>kable--& ! fact is wor?y ( notice z po9t+ to ! great antiquity ( ! practice ( work+ 9 clay--t all nations ( ^: e>ly religi\s ideas we h any k ascribe its inception to ! gods4 ,daily habit demon/rat$ its utility1 & gratitude f\nd a cov] = ignorance1 9 be/[+ ^u ! heav5ly p[]s ! cr$it ( inspir+ man ) a k ( ! capabilities ( ! pla/ic clay4 ,reason supplies an easy solution ( ! problem1 b "o n likely to occur to ! unreason+ man ( ! primitive _w4 8,on ! day10 says ,jacquem>t1 8:5 man1 walk+ ^u ! clayey soil1 s(t5$ by inundations or ra91 fir/ obs]v$ t ! e>? reta9$ ! pr9ts ( 8 foot/eps1 ! pla/ic art 0 discov]$2 & :5 light+ a fire to w>m 8 limbs or to cook 8 food1 he rem>k$ t ! surface ( ! he>? *ang$ its nature & its color1 t ! r$d5$ clay became sonor\s1 imp]vi\s1 & h>d5$ 9 its new %ape1 ! art 0 reveal$ to him ( mak+ vessels fit to conta9 liquids40 ,! reason ( ! n9ete5? c5tury conflicts /rangely ) old-_w op9ions ( :at 0 due to b5efic5t deity4 ,( ?is we c easily f9d abundant illu/ration4 ,let u take1 z examples1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,egypt1 & ,greece4 ,we w f9d t ea* rev]ts to ! mi/y b\nd>y betwe5 leg5d & hi/ory1 or to ! e>li] age :5 ! gods _h n des]t$ ! _w--! horizon ( mortal vision or fancy1 :]e heav5 seems to t\* e>?4 ,x is said t ne>ly two ?\s& sev5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era ! pott]'s art 0 discov]$ 9 ,*9a by ,k\5-ou4 ,?is 0 dur+ ! reign ( ! enlight5$ ,emp]or ,hoang-ti4 ,( him x is record$ t aft] _m labors = ! good ( 8 subjects1 ! amelioration ( _! condition1 & ! ext5sion ( _! k1 he 0 translat$ to ! upp] sph]e on ! back ( a huge & :isk]$ dragon4 ,! ,japanese foll[ a precisely simil> c\rse4 ,hav+ no real k1 !y call imag9ation to _! aid1 & solve an hi/orical problem by ! creation ( a leg5d4 ,turn+ back to a p]iod long be=e hi/ory beg9s1 !y affect to f9d ! inv5tor ( pott]y 9 ,oosei-tsumi1 a leg5d>y be+ :o liv$ 9 ! age ( ,oanamu*i-no-mikoto1 & conf]r$ ^u him ! title ( 8,kami10 di/9ctive ( deity4 ,! ,egyptians1 m rev]5tly1 gave ! art directly to ! gods4 ,hav+ a pan!on1 !y m]ely s+l$ out t "o ( its occupants to :om ! honor %\ld be ascrib$4 ,z ,osiris is _! ,bac*us1 & ,?o? _! ,m]cury1 s to ! director ,num1 ! fir/ creature1 !y ascribe ! art ( m\ld+ clay4 ,l ! ,hebrew ,jehovah1 he fir/ made ! heav5s & e>?1 ! firmam5t1 ! sun1 & ! moon1 &1 f ! fact ( 8 hav+ made ! riv]s & m\nta9s1 w\ld appe> also to h evolv$ ord] out ( ! ,egyptian *aos4 ,la/ly1 he made man4 ,turn+ ! clay ( ! ,nile ^u 8 :eel1 he fa%ion$ ! la/ & greate/ ( creat$ ?+s1 & hav+ 8brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( life10 made man ! corn]/one ( ! fabric ( creation4 ,inspiration & mono!ism ap>t1 x w\ld almo/ appe> t ! ,jewi% law-giv] f\nd 9 ! hat$ 8h\se ( bondage0 a f\ndation = 8 cosmogony4 ,9 h[ _m in/ances did ! ,greeks lay ! honors due to "s =gott5 mortal at ! feet ( a god or a semi-div9e h]o8 ,to !m ,ina*us1 :o ab\t #ahjj ,b4,c4 f\nd$ ! k+dom ( ,argos1 0 n ! lead] ( a b& ( adv5tur\s emigrants f ,egypt1 b a *ild ( ! sea ov] :i* he came1 a son ( ,oceanus & ,te?ys4 ,x 0 only :5 ,gelanor1 ! la/ ( ! race ( ,ina*us1 0 depos$ by ,danaus1 t we f9d a ,greek recognition ( ! e>ly connection ( t c\ntry ) ,egypt4 ,danaus 0 ! son ( ,belus1 & bro!r ( gyptus1 jo9tly ) :om he occupi$ ! ?rone ( ,egypt4 ,qu>rell+ ) 8 bro!r1 ,danaus set sail1 &1 arriv+ at ,argos1 rose to ! ?rone by ! means above indicat$4 ,^! /atem5ts are only ( value to our pres5t purpose z %[+ ! close connection betwe5 ,greece & ,egypt1 & po9t+ to ! conclusion t ,egypt dropp$ ! g]ms ( t art :i* ,greece cultivat$ to su* p]fection t x won ! admiration ( ! _w4 ,if we turn to ! orig9 ( pott]y accept$ by ! ,greeks !mselves1 we are confus$ by ! livel9ess ( _! teem+ imag9ation4 ,! ex]cise ( fancy takes ! place ( an undevelop$ hi/orical s5se4 ,:5 ,jupit] wi%$ to puni% ! ra% impiety ( ,prome!us by giv+ him a wife1 ,vulcan made ,p&ora1 ! fir/ ( mortal wom51 out ( clay4 ,prome!us is "o ( ! /range/ figures 9 ,greek my?ology4 ,he laugh$ at ! :ole ,pan!on1 *eat$ ! great ,jove himself1 & 0 yet a b5efactor ( mank9d1 aft] he _h creat$ ! species2 = to him also is ascrib$ ! creation f clay ( ! fir/ man & woman4 ,?us ! gods & h]oes 7 pott]s1 & ! art 0 practis$ by !m be=e mortal life began4 ,to two ,cor9?ians1 "o ,a!nian1 & "o ,cretan1 ! inv5tion ( ! pla/ic art has be5 attribut$2 b1 pass+ ^! by1 let u turn1 = philological reasons1 to ! leg5d ( ,k]amos4 ,! /ory ( ! adv5tures ( ,!seus is pretty well kn[n4 ,by ! help ( ,ariadne1 he kill$ ! ,m9otaur ( ,crete1 & escap$ f ! ,labyr9?1 &1 hav+ subsequ5tly ab&on$ 8 fair assi/ant on ! isl& ( ,naxos1 %e is said by "s to h hang$ h]self 9 despair4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 ass]t--& to _! tale we mu/ li/5--t 9 ! arms ( ,bac*us %e f\nd solace = h] sorr[s4 ,_! son ,k]amos 0 ! patron ( pott]s1 & to 8 "n we owe our ^w 8k]amic0 or 8c]amic40 ,:5 ! ,argives po9t$ out ! tomb ( ,ariadne1 h] a%es 7 deposit$ 9 an urn 9 "o ( _! temples1 s t by means ( ! art attribut$ to ! son1 ! "m's rema9s 7 pres]v$4 ,x is ?us made cle> t ! practice ( mak+ vessels ( clay _h no orig9 to :i* we c n[ turn back4 ,! art 0 born 9 ! 8twilight ( ! gods10 ^: productions are n[ us$ 9 illu/rat+ ! pages ( hi/ory4 ,ev5 9 ^! wild fancies !re is a g]m ( tru?4 ,! fir/ attempts at m\ld+ 9 clay _h a common orig9 9 ! necessities ( man1 & ! prompt+s ( nature to supply !m4 ,! mat]ial 0 on all h&s ready = use2 & :y %\ld ! m5 ( antiquity be held to diff] f ! *ildr5 ( aft]-ages1 or ^? ( our own "t8 ,to "o ! sugge/ion may h come f "o s\rce1 to ano!r x may h come f ano!r2 & unless we *oose to b9d ourselves to ! n>rative ( ! build+ ( ! great ,t[] ( ,babel1 & ! disp]sal ( races1 we may be l$ to ?9k t its orig9 may h be5 manifold1 z its rude/ attempts h c]ta9ly be5 discov]$ 9 places wide ap>t4 ,on ! sea-%ore ! *ild builds its h\se & mill1 giv+ by ! help ( wat] a c]ta9 consi/5cy to ! inadhesive s&4 ,on ! roadside1 or by ! pond's rim1 x %apes ! oozy mud into ! =ms sugge/$ to *ildhood's imitative in/9ct4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ beautiful ( ! leg5ds relat+ to ! y\? ( ,*ri/ has ref]5ce to ?is v matt]4 ,he 0 engag$ ) 8 playmates 9 mak+ e>!n birds4 ,8 ef=ts 7 clumsy & 8 art rude1 & 8 companions je]$ him1 until ! birds he _h made became liv+ ?+s1 & flew away4 ,let u by all means conc$e ?is to h be5 an impossible miracle1 bas$ ^u an idle leg5d4 ,yet x proves t ei!r 9 ! e>ly days ( ,galilee1 or 9 ^? ( ! inv5tor ( ! tale1 ! habits ( *ildr5 diff]$ 9 no degree f ^? ( to-day4 ,a k9d ( in/9ct w\ld almo/ appe> to lead !m to model & imitate 9 clay2 & putt+ primitive man ^u ! level ( *ildhood1 !re is no reason = believ+ t ! pla/ic art _h n sev]al indep5d5t orig9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,old ,svres ,patet5dre4 ,font5oy ,vase1 commemorative ( ! ,battle ( ,font5oy4 ,pa9t$ by ,g5e/4 7,m4 ,l4 ,d\ble ,coll47 ,! mann] 9 :i* pott]y illu/rates hi/ory br+s u to "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features ( ! /udy 7,fig4 #a74 ,:ile ! connoisseur is deep 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art itself1 ! /ud5t pref]s to view x 9 its relation to t ( mank9d4 ,x sugge/s difficulties1 confirms d$uctions1 & (f]s h9ts = ! solution ( ! problems ( hi/ory4 ,! memory ( ext9ct nations is p]petuat$ by ! clay records :i* h surviv$ _! subm]g5ce 9 ! tide ( "t4 ,9 ^! we may read1 z 9 a book1 ( ! gods !y wor%ipp$1 ( _! daily life1 ( _! dea? & burial4 ,hi/orians n[1 9 fact1 consult ! relics ( ! pott]'s art ) z mu* confid5ce & read9ess z !y w\ld turn to ! pages ( an old-_w *ronicle4 ,migrations1 int]c\rse1 & conque/ h all be5 record$ 9 clay4 ,"o might 9 t way def9e ) ! utmo/ exactness ! l9e b\nd+ ! va/ empire ( ,rome4 ,! bricks or tiles1 plac$ ov] ! graves ( ! soldi]s or f\nd 9 _! camps1 %[ ! /ations ( ! legions & ! ext5t ( conque/4 ,:]ev] 8! ,empress ( ! _w ,( yore h] eagle w+s unfurl$10 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,j]usalem1 or else:]e1 !re h be5 f\nd tiles or bricks /amp$ ) ! numb] ( ! legion or its di/9ctive appellation4 ,! tragic end ( ,qu9tilius ,v>us is kn[n to all read]s ( ,roman hi/ory4 ,a ,roman proconsul ( high bir?1 & enri*$ by ! gov]nor%ip ( ,syria1 he 0 appo9t$ to ! comm& ( ! army confront+ ! hordes ( ,g]many4 ,surpris$ by ! ,g]man *ief ,h]mann1 or ,arm9ius1 8 army 0 almo/ annihilat$1 & he1 9 despair1 aft] ! fa%ion ( 8 "t1 s\ght dea? by 8 own h&4 ,! ,emp]or ,augu/us wail$ = mon?s1 8,v>us1 give me back my legions10 ! legions :i* 7 ly+ on ! field1 at ! f>!/ po9t to :i* ! armies ( ,rome _h p5etrat$1 & also ! f>!/ 9 t direction1 at :i* any specim5s ( ,roman pott]y h be5 f\nd4 ,f ! fun]eal urns ( ! ,greeks we are enabl$ to tell h[ f> !y pursu$ _! conque/s 9 any direction4 ,o!r nations left1 9 ! l&s to :i* _! arms 7 c>ri$1 simil> mem5tos ( _! pres5ce1 :i*1 on be+ exhum$1 aft] ly+ = c5turies cov]$ ?ickly ov] by ! du/ "t is cont9ually spread+ ov] ! pa/1 are transf]r$ to ! page ( hi/ory4 ,a v =cible example ( ! hi/orical value ( e>!n-w>e is f\nd almo/ at our v door4 ,irv+ relates1 9 8 8,life ( ,wa%+ton10 t1 n long aft] 8 bir?1 8 fa!r remov$ to ,/af=d ,c\nty1 ne> ,fr$]icksburg4 ,! h\se /ood on a knoll ov]look+ ! ,rappahannock4 ,?is 0 ! home ( ,george's y\?4 ,! mead[ betwe5 ! h\se & ! riv] 0 8 play-gr\nd4 ,b ?is home1 l t 9 :i* he 0 born1 has disappe>$2 ! site is only to be trac$ by fragm5ts ( bricks1 *9a1 & e>!n-w>e4 ,ano!r example may be tak5 f a p>agraph :i* appe>$ 9 ! daily pap]s v rec5tly1 9 :i* x 0 /at$ t two amphor--! "n giv5 to ! ,greek two-h&l$1 oval-bodi$ vases 7,fig4 #b7 ) po9t$ base1 :i* h be5 f\nd :]ev] ,greek comm]ce ext5d$--conta9+ fifty ?\s& co9s ( ! ,emp]or ,galli5us & 8 imm$iate successors1 _h be5 discov]$ at ,v]ona4 ,ne>ly all 7 z fre% z :5 com+ f ! m9t4 ,galli5us assum$ ! purple ,a4,d4 #bfj1 & reign$ = eight ye>s be=e he 0 assass9at$ at ,milan4 ,= ov] fifte5 hundr$ ye>s1 !re=e1 ^! vases pres]v$ _! numismatic treasures4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4--;,greek & ,phnician 7on "r7 ,amphor4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,*9ese ,bottles f\nd 9 ,egyptian ,tombs4 ,/ill ano!r in/ance may be m5tion$ 9 :i* ! close connection betwe5 hi/ory & its h&maid1 pott]y1 is illu/rat$4 ,"s "t ago c]ta9 travell]s 9 ,egypt pur*as$ a numb] ( small j>s 7,fig4 #c7 ( a kaol9ic composition1 :i* !y 7 told _h be5 tak5 f ! tombs4 ,!y 7 evid5tly1 f ! /yle ( decoration & ! *>act]s !y bore1 ( ,*9ese manufacture2 & ! fir/ conclusion 01 t1 z evid5ce 0 n want+ to %[ t "o ( !m _h be5 tak5 f a v old tomb on its be+ fir/ op5$1 !y 7 possess$ ( a highly v5]able antiquity4 ,subsequ5t inve/igations1 h[ev]1 %[$ t !y _h be5 obta9$ f c]ta9 ports on ! ,r$ ,sea1 & 7 to be ascrib$ to a comp>atively rec5t date4 ,! discov]y subtract$ ab\t two ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s f _! age4 ,b h[ came ^! ,*9ese vases to f9d _! way to ! comm]cial cities ( ! ,r$ ,sea8 ,be=e navigators _h le>n$ t ! great highway betwe5 ,europe & ! ,ea/ 0 r\nd ! ,s\? ( ,africa1 int]c\rse 0 ma9ta9$ ei!r by ! ov]l& r\te or ?r\gh ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,?is acc\nts = ! abundance ( ,*9ese porcela9 f\nd 9 ,p]sia4 ,"s ( ! specim5s may h be5 left on ! we/]n side ( ! ,gulf1 & h !nce f\nd _! way across ,arabia to ! %ores ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 :5ce !y 7 obta9$ by ! fraudul5t v5d]s ( ,l[] ,egypt4 ,9 ?is way ! int]c\rse ( nations may frequ5tly be expla9$ by ! help ( pott]y4 ,n only1 be x obs]v$1 may x be tak5 z an indicator ( ! movem5ts or ext5sion ( ! nations !mselves1 b ( ! mann] & ext5t ( _! int]c\rse ) ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,z an expon5t ( ! cu/oms ( antiquity1 its aid is ( ! highe/ value4 ,we le>n1 = in/ance1 t among ! ,greeks ! usual cu/om 0 to mix w9e 9 "o vessel1 cool x 9 ano!r1 draw x f ! latt] into jugs1 & f !m fill & repl5i% ! beak]s or cups ( gue/s4 ,we c see any:]e to-day t9y tea-sets = ! amusem5t ( *ildr54 ,! ,greeks _h some?+ closely ak9 to !m4 ,vases 7 giv5 to *ildr51 z toys are giv5 n[4 ,"s ( ^? discov]$ are s limit$ 9 _! dim5sions t !y c\ld n h be5 us$ = any o!r purpose1 & on o!rs are depict$ ! games 9 :i* *ildr5 engag$4 ,( all ! uses to :i* an e>!n j> c\ld be put1 c]ta9ly ! mo/ s+ul> 0 t discov]$ by ,diog5es1 :5 he *ose "o = 8 habitation 7,fig4 #d74 ,t su* 0 ! case !re is /rong reason = believ+4 ,?is /atem5t is "o :i* may disconc]t popul> belief1 & break (f ! association betwe5 ! philosoph] & a 8tub20 b ! au?orities 9 favor ( 8 home be+ a huge j> are tol]ably decisive4 ,a tub1 moreov]1 sc>cely seems to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! occasion1 :]eas x is easy to imag9e a pi?os satisfy+ ! limit$ dem&s ( ,diog5es 9 ! way ( h\se-keep+4 ,nor 0 ! :im ( ! philosoph] )\t p>allel4 ,x is said t dur+ ! ,peloponnesian w> ! ,a!nians liv$ 9 simil> vessels4 ,! pi?os occupi$ by ,diog5es 0 crack$ & pat*$2 & ^! vessels1 :5 unfit = o!r use1 71 long aft] 8 day1 us$ z dwell+s by ! poor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--;,diog5es 9 ,pi?os4 ,vases 7 pres5t$ z prizes 7,fig4 #e7 to ! victors 9 ! a?letic games2 & x is f ^! & o!r k9ds deposit$ 9 sepul*res1 t we d]ive ! great] "p ( our k ( ,greek c]amic art4 ,n only 7 !y us$--at lea/ aft] ! e>lie/ days ( ,greece--to hold ! a%es ( ! dead1 b 7 evid5tly employ$ z tok5s ( respect or affection4 ,?us1 ! vases ! deceas$ _h mo/ admir$ or us$ 9 life 7 plac$ 9 ! tomb1 along ) o!rs conta9+ ! rema9s ( ! fun]al fea/1 & ^? employ$ 9 ! la/ rites4 ,! amphora 0 devot$ to all k9ds ( dome/ic uses4 ,! rhyton 0 a dr9k+-cup 7,fig4 #f74 ,!re 7 special vessels = oil & ungu5ts2 & ! diff]5t k9ds ( w9e-j>s & dr9k+-cups pres5t an almo/ endless v>iety ( %apes1 &1 especially ! latt]1 a mo/ wond]ful beauty ( =m4 ,( ^!1 ! kylix af=ds a good example 7,fig4 #g74 ,9 ?is way we see t1 f *ildhood to ! grave1 ! cu/oms ( ! ,greeks are illu/rat$ by _! pott]y4 ,we pass by1 9 ! mean "t1 ) a m]e ref]5ce ! numb]less my?ic !mes deciph]able 9 ! decoration ( _! vases4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--;,greek ,prize ,vase4 ,we meet ) a precisely simil> /ate ( ?+s among ! ,*9ese4 ,we c only /udy ! pott]y ( t p aft] famili>iz+ ourselves ) _! religion4 ,h[ o!rwise c we und]/& ! qua9t figures & designs :i* meet u at e turn--! ,god ( ,longevity1 ,p\-tai ! ,god ( ,cont5tm5t1 _! manifold dragons1 ! ,kyl91 ! ,dog ( ,fo1 or ! ,fong-hoang8 ,colors & %apes1 z well z animals1 are employ$ z symbols4 ,z ! crane symboliz$ long life1 s 7 c]ta9 colors & =ms di/9ctive ( social rank4 ,let u take a vase & /udy x closely1 obs]ve its proportions & decoration1 & ^! w guide u to its purpose & to ! rank ( ! individual mak+ use ( x4 ,vases & images tell ( bo? ! public & private wor%ip ( ! ,*9ese1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 conduct$4 ,! excess to :i* ! ,*9ese c>ry ! duties ( hospitality & c\rtesy has be5 frequ5tly comm5t$ on4 ,x w\ld be h>d to imag9e any?+ %[+ bett] ! ref9em5ts ( :i* etiquette is capable1 ?an _! mann] ( decorat+ _! reception-rooms1 s t !y may be fill$ ) ! milde/ inc5se ( flatt]y to ! expect$ gue/4 ,%\ld he be a soldi]1 vases /& on all sides1 decorat$ ) ! w>like sc5es be/ suit$ to 8 pr(essional ta/e4 ,%\ld he be a poet1 w> is *ang$ to lit]ature1 & vases are *os5 :i* recall ! great names ( ! pr(ession4 ,aft] a mann] simil> to t 9 vogue among ! ,greeks1 pott]y & porcela9 7 us$ by ! ,*9ese z m$ia = ! conveyance ( complim5ts & good wi%es1 & z special m>ks ( honor4 ,!y 7 conf]r$ on ! (fic] by 8 sov]eign1 & pass$ betwe5 fri5ds at ! cu/om>y times ( rejoic+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--;,greek ,rhyton4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,we approa* ,egypt1 9 ?is connection1 ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( awe4 ,we exam9e its e>ly pott]y ) a s5sation simil> to t ) :i* we view a mummy4 ,x comprises relics ( a civilization ( s ho>y an antiquity1 t to /udy !m is l pe]+ into ! secrets ( ! grave4 ,x is1 9 fact1 f ! tombs t ! treasures h be5 exhum$ :i* enable u to trace ,egyptian c]amic art4 ,!y tell ( cu/oms foll[$ long be=e ! ,p]sian ,cambyses 8,o'er?rew ,osiris1 ,orus1 ,apis1 ,isis1 ,& %ook ! ,pyramids ) fe> & wond] ,:5 ! gigantic ,memnon fell asund]40 ,"s ( ! specim5s date f ! ,?ird ,dyna/y1 ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,!re is n[ 9 exi/5ce a porcela9 box be>+ "o ( ! names ( ,amasis ,,ii41 ! k+ :om ,cambyses ov]?rew six hundr$ ye>s be=e our era began4 ,! e>lie/ relics may be said to h be5 coeval ) ! inv5tion ( a writt5 language4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4--,kylix1 ) ,gorgon & ,eyes4 ,a v curi\s cu/om may be all[$ to arre/ our att5tion = a mom5t4 ,9 ! tombs previ\s to ! six? c5tury ,b4,c41 h be5 f\nd cones 7,fig4 #h71 hav+ inscriptions on _! base4 ,f ^! we le>n ! occupants' names & (fice1 :e!r scribes1 prie/s1 or nobles4 ,!y s]v$1 9 %ort1 all ! purposes ( ! inscriptions on ! tombs ( our day1 or ( labels = e/abli%+ ! id5tity ( ! dead4 ,t]ra-cotta figures h also be5 f\nd 9 "s graves1 be>+1 l ! cones1 ! "n & title ( ! deceas$4 ,9 ! same connection may be m5tion$ ! peculi>1 & to u revolt+1 usage ( devot+ vases to hold+ ! visc]a ( ! embalm$ body4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,r$ ,e>!n-w>e ,cone4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,! multitud9\s dome/ic uses ( j>s _c "h be enum]at$4 ,we "k t !y 7 devot$ to purposes :i* w\ld n[ be consid]$ some:at at v>iance ) ! legitimate object ( ! manufacture ( e>!n-w>e4 ,we might almo/ say t all ! receptacles design$ 9 mod]n times = dome/ic conv5i5ce1 su* z baskets1 boxes1 & t9 ut5sils1 h _! c\nt]p>ts among ! e>!n fabrics ( ! ,egyptians4 ,nor mu/ we /op !re if we obs]ve ! _m o!r purposes ( ornam5t & religion to :i* _! c]amic w>es 7 devot$4 ,! ,egyptians _h an idea t ! physical wants ( ! deceas$ did n come to an end ) life1 & !y accord+ly plac$ 9 ! tombs j>s ) meat & dr9k = consumption aft] dea?4 ,( ^! j>s1 _m _h unque/ionably be5 previ\sly employ$ 9 ! h\sehold4 ,f su* & o!r s\rces we le>n t e>!n pots 7 employ$ 9 cook+1 z ^? ( metal are ) u1 t c]ta9 vessels 7 us$ = hold+ wat]2 o!rs = ! juice ( ! grape1 = but*]-meat or p\ltry1 = cosmetics1 &1 /rang] ?an any1 = hold+ ! flax :ile x 0 be+ spun4 ,manuscripts1 or papyri1 h also be5 discov]$ 9 !m2 s t x may easily be se5 h[ important a "p pott]y play$ 9 ! e-day life ( ! ,egyptians4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--;,ball ( ,pa9t$ ,e>!n-w>e4 ,egyptian4 ,if we turn to _! glaz$ w>e1 or porcela91 z x has be5 call$1 we f9d x mu* m ext5sively appli$ to decorative purposes4 ,! unglaz$ 0 almo/ exclusively re/rict$ to articles ( a dome/ic k9d4 ,! glaz$ w>e 0 employ$ 9 til+1 & inlay+ c(f9s & boxes1 & 9 ! mak+ ( v>i\s vases & cups4 ,balls1 presumably = ! amusem5t ( *ildr51 & o!r toys sometimes also made ( pott]y 7,fig4 #i71 e>-r+s1 ! pieces = a game ak9 to draughts 7,fig4 #aj7 or *eck]s1 amulets1 beads1 necklaces1 small figures ( ! gods 7p]=at$71 emblematic animals1 f+]-r+s1 & sepul*ral figures1 h all be5 f\nd ( ?is mat]ial4 ,! ext5t to :i* su* discov]ies illu/rate ! cu/oms ( ! ,egyptians ne$ n be enl>g$ ^u4 ,hav+ ?us br\ght =w>d ,*9a1 ,greece1 & ,egypt z in/ances1 x is h>dly necess>y to pursue ?is l9e ( inquiry fur!r4 ,x may be said1 9 ! broade/ language1 t e nation ( ^: c]amic productions we h any specim5s1 h 9 !m reflect$ _! religion & cu/oms1 & ?us furni%$ mo/ important aids to ! con/ruction ( _! national hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--;,draughtsman ( ,glaz$ ,pott]y1 f ,!bes4 ,lit]ature has be5 enri*$ by figures drawn f ! c]amic art4 ,"s ( ! mo/ effective similes ( ,biblical writ]s are ?us d]iv$4 ,x is "u ! type ( a pott] t ,j]emiah repres5ts ,god z %[+ 8 absolute p[] ov] ! ,israelites3 8,behold z ! clay is 9 ! pott]'s h&1 s are ye 9 m9e h&1 ,o h\se ( ,israel40 ,9 a simil> mann]1 ,/4 ,paul typifies ! div9e control ov] man4 8,nay b1 ,o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8 ,%all ! ?+ =m$ say to him t =m$ x1 ,:y ha/ ?\ made me ?us8 ,ha? n ! pott] p[] ov] ! clay1 ( ! same lump to make "o vessel unto honor & ano!r unto di%onor80 ,x is ?is absolute 8p[] ov] ! clay0 :i* l$ m5 to use x = ! conveyance ( _! fir/ conceptions ( ! beautiful4 ,! pott]y ( all c\ntries %[s h[ religion /imulat$ art1 by furni%+ x ) !mes1 & infus+ into x a spiritual signification :i* all c\ld und]/&4 ,! pott]y ( ! ,greeks %[s be/ h[ art may embelli% religion & hi/ory1 & p]petuate ! leg5ds belong+ to nei!r4 ,to ! above may be add$ ! v effective simile employ$ by ,plato 9 *>act]iz+ ,socrates3 8,! outside ( ! vase is scrawl$ ov] ) odd %apes & writ+1 b )9 are preci\s liquors & heal+ m$ic9es1 & r>e mixtures ( f>-ga!r$ h]bs & fl[]s40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4--;,enamell$ ,babylonian ,brick4 7,l\vre47 ,& ?us1 by a %ort /ep1 we rea* ! art repres5t$ 9 pott]y4 ,x supplies1 beyond all "q1 ! be/ means ( obs]v+ ! gr[? ( intellig5ce & ! expansion ( arti/ic ideas4 ,! v qualities ( clay :i* l$ to its be+ us$ 9 ! gratification ( awak5+ necessities1 l$ also to its be+ adopt$ = ! expression ( ! fir/ inspirations ( art4 ,:5 ! ,assyrian pott] fir/ ornam5t$ ! brick he _h m\ld$ 7,fig4 #aa71 ! me*anical pursuit 0 elevat$ to ! sph]e ( art4 ,! same c\rse 0 foll[$ among all nations4 ,:5 ! discov]y 0 rea*$1 t clay c\ld be made s]viceable = build+ or = h\sehold vessels1 decoration soon] or lat] sugge/$ itself4 ,ei!r =ms 7 v>i$ & became 9 !mselves ornam5tal1 or a sup]ficial decoration 0 resort$ to4 ,! useful l$ to ! beautiful1 & _! comb9ation1 z se5 on ! d9n]-tables ( our day1 is ! natural result ( a univ]sal process by :i* nations h advanc$ f rude & unskilful ignorance to art4 ,! aborig9al ,am]ican pott] decorat$ 8 co>se vase ) a few scrat*es made ) a /ick2 8 mod]n successor m\lds 8 porcela9 into graceful =ms1 & br+s to its ornam5tation a palette ( bright colors1 a tra9$ h&1 & a cultivat$ ta/e4 ,! "o is a relic ( b>b>ism1 ! o!r a "w ( civilization1 & bo? are ! fruits ( a comb9ation to :i* all nations h be5 irresi/ibly l$1 viz41 ! useful ) ! beautiful4 ,?is c\rse has be5 univ]sally foll[$1 & may1 = t reason1 be call$ natural4 ,man 9 e "p ( ! _w has giv5 v5t to 8 in/9ctive long+ = t :i*1 to him1 repres5ts beauty 9 ! embelli%m5t ( objects 9 daily use4 ,x is by ! consid]ation ( su* facts t we le>n to appreciate fully ! be>+ ( pott]y ^u art & hi/ory4 ,^u ?is po9t ,dr4 ,bir* says3 8,by ! application ( pa9t+ to vases1 ! ,greeks made !m some?+ m ?an m]e articles ( comm]cial value or daily use4 ,!y h become a reflection ( ! pa9t+s ( ! ,greek s*ools1 & an inexhau/ible s\rce = illu/rat+ ! my?ology1 mann]s1 cu/oms1 & lit]ature ( ,greece4 ,un=tunately1 v few are ornam5t$ ) hi/orical subjects1 yet hi/ory receives occasional illu/ration f !m2 & ! repres5tations ( ! burn+ ( ,crsus1 ! orgies ( ,anacreon1 ! weal? ( ,arcesilaus1 ! tributes ( ,d>ius1 & ! meet+ ( ,alcu & ,sappho1 lead u to hope t future discov]ies may (f] additional examples40 ,?is passage leads directly to ! consid]ation ( ! p]man5cy ( c]amic works z comp>$ ) ^? ( o!r bran*es ( art4 ,! 8reflections ( ! pa9t+s ( ! ,greek s*ools0 h come d[n to u 9 all ! beauty !y possess$ on fir/ leav+ ! arti/'s h&4 ,we may all[ ,mr4 ,rusk9 to /ate ! rev]se case1 & draw ! conclusion4 8,x is surely10 he says1 8a sev]e lesson to u 9 ?is matt]1 t ! be/ works ( ,turn] c\ld n be %[n = six mon?s )\t be+ de/roy$--& t 8 mo/ ambiti\s ones1 = ! mo/ "p1 p]i%$ be=e !y c\ld be %[n4 ,i w break ?r\gh my law ( retic5ce1 h[ev]1 s f> z to tell y t ,i h hope ( "o day int]e/+ y greatly 7) ! help ( ! ,flor5t9e ma/]s7 9 ! /udy ( ! arts ( m\ld+ & pa9t+ porcela92 & to induce "s ( y to use y\r future p[] ( patronage 9 enc\rag+ ! v>i\s bran*es ( ?is art1 & turn+ ! att5tion ( ! workm5 ( ,italy f ! vulg> tricks ( m9ute & p]i%able mosaic to ! exquisite subtleties ( =m & color possible 9 ! p]fectly ductile1 aft]w>d unalt]able clay4 ,& "o ( ! ultimate results ( su* craftsman%ip might be ! production ( pictures z brilliant z pa9t$ glass--z delicate z ! mo/ subtle wat]-colors1 & m p]man5t ?an ! ,pyramids40 ,bo? ^! writ]s ?us ref] to p]man5cy z a feature ( ! pott]'s art1 :i* l5ds x a special importance4 ,:atev] =m ! art may h assum$1 x is1 :5 appli$ to pott]y1 practically imp]i%able4 ,by 8 allusion to ! effect ( "t & exposure ^u ! pa9t+s ( ,turn]1 ,mr4 ,rusk9 inve/s ! results he contemplates ) a c]ta9 k9d ( gr&eur4 ,he has 9 view ! culm9at+ po9t ( c]amic art1 ! apex to :i* ! works ( ! arti/s ( all "t lead up /ep by /ep4 ,:at process he w\ld adopt1 or :at =ms ( ! art he w\ld disc>d1 we ne$ n n[ inquire4 ,x w be suffici5t to take our /& at ! po9t indicat$--! p]fection ( =m & decoration--& obs]ve h[ ! arti/s ( ! pa/ h approa*$ x1 & to m>k ! ideas by :i* !y h be5 influ5c$4 ,! c]amic is ! union ( two bran*es ( art1 ! ar*itectural & ! graphic4 ,x comb9es =m & proportion ) draw+ & color4 ,x is unnecess>y "h to def9e art 9 ! ab/ract2 b !re are c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples :i* may help u to e/imate ! works ( ! c]amic arti/s ( all c\ntries4 ,( ^!1 ! fir/ is ?us /at$ by ,rusk93 8,! entire vitality ( art dep5ds ^u its be+ ei!r full ( tru? or full ( use2 & h[ev] pleasant1 wond]ful1 or impressive x may be 9 itself1 x mu/ yet be ( an inf]ior k9d1 & t5d to deep] inf]iority1 unless x has cle>ly "o ( ^! ma9 objects--ei!r to /ate a true ?+1 or to adorn a s]viceable "o4 ,x mu/ nev] exi/ alone--nev] = itself4444 ,e good piece ( art 444 involves skill1 & ! =mation ( an actually beautiful ?+ by x40 ,! 8/atem5t ( a true ?+0 ref]r$ to 9 ! passage quot$ is ,similitude1 "o ( ! philosoph]-critic's ess5tials 9 ! graphic arts4 ,9 ! ar*itectural arts1 includ+ pott]y1 he dem&s ,skill1 ,beauty1 & ,use2 9 ! graphic arts1 ,skill1 ,beauty1 & ,lik5ess4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we keep 9 m9d :at ,dr4 ,bir* says ( ! vases ( ,greece be+ a reflection ( ! ,greek s*ool ( pa9t+1 & also ,mr4 ,rusk9's desid]atum ( pictures ^u exquisitely m\ld$ porcela91 we %all see t ! ess5tials ( ! c]amic art1 z a special bran*1 comprise ^? ( bo? ! ar*itectural & graphic divisions--,skill1 ,beauty1 ,use1 & ,similitude4 ,9 "o respect1 !re=e1 x may be said to be ! highe/ ( all ! arts4 ,! rule ?us laid d[n c be easily appli$1 & is capable ( v>i\s modifications to suit ! special object ^u :i* x is br\ght to be>4 ,?us1 a "w ( art may repres5t ,skill alone4 ,add1 to equal ,skill1 ! second ess5tial1 ,beauty1 & ! "w w rank high] 9 art4 ,inve/ an object = ,use ) bo? ,skill & ,beauty1 & x is rais$ /ill high]4 ,if to ^! ,similitude be add$1 ! "w w be e/imat$ accord+ to ! degree 9 :i* x possesses ! f\r ess5tials4 ,x is obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! works ( ! c]amic arti/1 x is nei!r always possible nor desirable to aim at br++ ! f\r ess5tials toge!r2 & ?is fact w receive ample illu/ration f :at foll[s4 ,! rule has be5 modifi$ by e nation accord+ to its views ( art & beauty4 ,x is bett] to recognize ! good 9 all1 ?an to accept "o /&>d & exclude all o!rs4 ,ca?olicity ( sympa?y & bread? ( appreciation are z necess>y to ! collector's enjoym5t z to ! /ud5t-arti/'s b5efit4 ,%\ld ! "o raise an inflexible /&>d by :i* to measure 8 admiration1 or ! o!r all[ only "o c>efully def9$ /yle to k9dle 8 emulation1 bo? w %ut out ! great] "p ( ! _w ( art4 ,e "w ( art is an expression ( feel+1 &1 to appreciate x1 x is necess>y to make z ne> an approa* z possible to und]/&+ ! s5tim5t x embodies4 ,! =m ( expression v>ies ) diff]5t nations & ) diff]5t m52 & to cat* all ! f9e & elusive %ades ( feel+ surr\nd+ ! art ( diff]5t times & peoples1 ! cultivation ( a ke5 & s5sitive p]ception ( beauty is bett] ?an volunt>y slav]y "u a despotic & arbitr>y rule4 ,art is ! univ]sal language 9 :i* humanity has c\*$ its ideas ( beauty4 ,! =m ( expression v>ies1 b ! impulse is ev]y:]e fundam5tally ! same4 ,we h endeavor$ to put 9 words r ! common aim ( all1 ?an a rule by :i* to measure individual endeavor4 ,x does n foll[ t all ef=ts are equal4 ,"s h approa*$ ! common object by "o r\te1 & o!rs by ano!r1 & "s h approa*$ x ne>] ?an o!rs2 b 9 no case c "o be s+l$ out z ! only correct c\rse1 to ! condemnation ( all o!rs4 ,! true arti/ w comb9e ! be/ features ( all a*ievem5ts1 & s w9 a place ne>] ! goal ?an 8 pr$ecessors4 ,if we f9d "o arti/ excell+ 9 =m1 & ano!r 9 color1 he :o comb9es excell5ce ( =m ) beauty ( color w surpass bo?4 ,! n>r[ness ( s*ools & ! vag>ies ( fa%ion h be5 a burd5 ^u art2 & ! less we all[ ourselves to be en?rall$ by ei!r1 ! great] w be our enjoym5t ( arti/ic "w4 ,! m rigid our rule1 ! m prec>i\s is its exi/5ce4 ,! /&>d ( ye/]day is to-day look$ ^u ) a feel+ ak9 to contempt4 ,me?ods1 models1 ideals *ange2 & ! wise man is he :o c see ! m]its & %ortcom+s1 ! beauties & defects1 ( all4 ,we h said t diff]5t nations h %[n 9 diff]5t ways _! s5se ( ! aims & possibilities ( c]amic art4 ,! works ( ! ,greeks indicate an absorb+ admiration ( elegance ( =m & figure-draw+4 ,_! vases m>k ! second /ep 9 ! progress ( decoration4 ,fir/ly came l9e> ornam5tation1 & !n light & l9e1 ( :i* all ! ,greek vases are examples4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,greeks 9 _! be/ days _h only rea*$ ! second /ep 9 decoration1 to :at mu/ we ascribe ! wond]ful influ5ce ( _! art8 ,c]ta9ly x is n 9 ! subjects !y *ose to illu/rate t its *>m consi/s4 ,tak+ our /& 9 anci5t ,greece1 we may glance along ! :ole l9e by :i* ! art has progress$ t[>d an approximate p]fection1 & at ! same "t see 9 :at ! ,greeks 7 pre-em95t1 & 9 :at !y 7 defici5t4 8,to ,greece10 says "o writ]1 80 intru/$ ! cultivation ( ! reason & ! ta/e4 ,h] gift to mank9d has be5 sci5ce & art40 ,h] highe/ idea 0 beauty4 ,%e left beh9d h] canons ( ta/e1 beyond :i*1 9 _! special application1 we h n advanc$1 & h little hope ( advanc+4 ,we are n1 !re=e1 surpris$ :5 a writ] on pott]y rem9ds u t 8to e eye famili> ) works ( art ( ! high] ord]1 ! clev]e/ imitations ( nature1 & ! mo/ elegant conceits ( floral ornam5ts1 :e!r exhibit$ 9 ! ef=ts ( ,ori5tal or ,european pott]s1 appe> co>se & vulg> :5 contra/$ ) ! *a/e simplicity ( ! ,greek =ms40 ,if we w\ld appreciate ! full tru? ( ?is1 we h only to make comp>isons 9 any suffici5tly ext5sive collection4 ,! ,greeks took ! articles ( daily use1 & made !m repres5tatives ( _! ideas ( beauty 9 bo? =m & ornam5tation4 ,9 ?is !y foll[$ ! examples set !m ages be=e4 ,9 accompli%m5t only !y 7 alone4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 we /udy "s z m]e examples ( skill1 or curiosities ( design1 we /udy ! ,greek =ms z embody+ our highe/ ideal ( beauty4 ,let u n[ exam9e t 9 :i* !y 7 defici5t1 & see h[ o!rs h tri$ to rem$y x4 ,!re are bran*es ( ! art :i* ! ,greeks ei!r did n /udy1 or /udi$ )\t success4 ,!y give little evid5ce ( hav+ be5 able to appreciate color or to und]/& its uses4 ,!y1 z ,rusk9 says1 pa9t$ any?+ anyh[--gods black1 horses r$1 lips & *eeks :ite4 ,!y atta9$ to a c]ta9 unsurpassable elegance ( %ape1 & ! beautiful outl9es ( _! human-figure ornam5tation c at times h>dly be suffici5tly admir$2 b _! color+ 0 purely conv5tional1 & its application b little und]/ood4 ,its *anges may be notic$ ) "s curiosity4 ,at fir/ ! favorite gr\nd 0 a pale cream-color1 :i*1 lat]1 turn$ to a r$d] t9t1 & human took ! place ( animal =ms4 ,! vases 9 :at is call$ ! 8old /yle10 %[ black figures & ornam5tation 9 mono*rome1 ) ! exception ( female faces1 :i* are :ite1 & eyes r$4 ,! effects ( p]spective are only occasionally tri$4 ,:ite 0 us$ = ! hair & be>d ( old m54 ,com+ d[n next to ! highe/ art ( ,greece1 ! gr\nd is black1 ! figures r$1 & ! ornam5tation :ite4 ,specim5s belong+ to ?is p]iod %[ advance *iefly 9 ! draw+ & expression4 ,we rem>k fur!r1 t1 besides ! use ( conv5tional colors1 ! ,greeks did n c>e to copy nature too closely1 & ?us 9 two di/9ct ways %[$ _! indiff]5ce or inability to introduce into _! art ! elem5t ( lik5ess4 ,:5 ,jacquem>t says t 8no natural object1 be x plant1 bird1 or animal1 is r5d]$ 9 its real =m1 or 9 its intimate details10 he gives expression to a fact :i* %[s ! di/9ction betwe5 ,greek c]amic art & t 9 :i* a ne>] approa* is made to similitude by ! use ( correct draw+ & color4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--;,japanese ,hexagonal ,vase4 ,deep blue gr\nd4 ,figures 9 d>k br[n1 ?ree %ades ( gre51 & yell[4 ,height1 #af 94 7,r4 ,h4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,p]sian ,tile4 ,arabesque ,decoration4 ,! ,ori5tals w5t to ! opposite extreme4 ,!y delight$ 9 bright & gorge\s decoration to an ext5t t1 b = _! _m int5sely reali/ic works1 w\ld lead to ! belief t ! production ( c]ta9 effects 9 color 0 ! highe/ object ( _! arti/s4 ,_! /r5g? lies 9 _! color+4 ,n[h]e else c ! same skill be f\nd 9 ! h>moniz+ ( %ades usually deem$ discordant1 & n[h]e else h colors ! same brilliancy & dep? 7,fig4 #ab74 ,! ,japanese & ,*9ese1 9 p>ticul>1 appe> to h ?or\ghly grasp$ ! true place ( color 9 ! decoration ( curv+ surfaces1 f :i* ! brilliant glaze reflects ! light4 ,! arti/s ( ,svres1 anticipat+ 9 a mann] ,rusk9's idea1 embelli%$ _! vases ) compositions simil> to ^? on canvas4 ,!y made ! mi/ake ( ?9k+ t ! arti/'s "w is indep5d5t ( ! surface on :i* x appe>s1 :]eas p]spective is alt]$ & sometimes de/roy$ by ! curvature ( a vase & ! brilliancy ( ! enamel4 ,! arti/s ( ! ,ori5t1 on ! o!r h&1 ei!r re/rict !mselves to subjects :i* c be treat$ ^u a judici\sly limit$ "p ( ! surface1 or ?r[ aside compositions entirely1 & tru/ to floral designs1 isolat$ figures1 repetiti\s decoration )\t unity ( design1 or to beauty ( colors alone4 ,ev]y?+ contribut$ to exalt _! e/imation ( color = its own sake1 & to x we accord+ly f9d t !y devote ! reg>d ent]ta9$ by ! ,greeks = =m4 ,any ult]ior use ( color1 z = picture-pa9t+ on ! flat surface ( porcela9 plaques1 does n appe> to h occupi$ _! att5tion to any v great ext5t4 ,x is 9 isolat$ figures & fl[]s t we c be/ /udy ! m>vell\s delicacy ( ! ,*9ese or ,japanese bru%1 & ! fidelity ) :i* ! sugge/ions ( nature are foll[$4 ,!re is little absolute imitation4 ,color is p>am\nt1 & its beauty obscures ! incongruities ( ,ori5tal art4 ,! ,p]sians1 l ! ,greeks1 m+l$ ! natural ) ! conv5tional4 ,_! vases & tiles 7,fig4 #ac7 are ornam5t$ ) floral designs1 9 :i*1 :ile "s ( ! fl[]s c be di/+ui%$1 o!rs are alt]$ beyond recognition4 ,among ! ,mussulman ,p]sians ! enamels rea*$ ! highe/ po9t ( gorge\s brilliancy3 gl[+ r$ z a gr\nd-color1 di%es ) bottoms cov]$ ) ri* arabesques--ev]y?+ set 9 t9ts ( ! mo/ pron\nc$ & /rik+ k9d4 ,_! decorations are _m-hu$ z ! ra9b[2 & if at times !y lack its s(tly melt+ %ades1 !y appe> at o!rs z if susp5d$ 9 ! cle> & liquid glaze1 z s(t z ! t9ts ( e>ly spr+4 ,:ite figures on a blue or yell[ gr\nd1 or vice v]sa1 are di/9ctive ( mu* ( ! ornam5tation ( ,p]sia4 ,! mosque at ,sultaneah 7,fig4 #ad7 is describ$ z hav+ its walls entirely 8cas$ ) enamell$ tiles ( deep blue1 ) yell[ & :ite scrolls & devices40 ,! patt]ns are arabesque1 occasionally m+l$ ) animal & floral =ms4 ,! f9e/ specim5s ( ,p]sian til+ at ! ,museum at ,svres are 9 blue & :ite1 ! latt] =m+ ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--,mosque at ,sultaneah4 ,cas$1 inside & out1 ) enamell$ tiles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--;,japanese ,porcela94 ,cl\dy gray1 fleck$ ) gold2 dress1 rose & gold4 7,sutton ,coll47 ,^! te*nical secrets1 kn[n c5turies ago 9 ,p]sia & ! f> ,ea/1 h be5 covet$ by c]ami/s d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,!y h be5 & are ! mo/ jeal\sly gu>d$ possessions ( arti/s & factories1 & hi/ory records _m in/ances ( ! extreme precautions adopt$ to prev5t _! spread4 ,! ,japanese1 = example1 al?\gh indebt$ to ,*9a & ,corea = ! f\ndation ( ! k ^u :i* ! magnific5t /ructure ( _! subsequ5t art 0 built1 gu>d ) ! utmo/ c>e ! borr[$ secrets 9 _! possession4 ,9 a native "w on porcela9 x is said3 8,! pa9t+ & decoration ( vases is a secret t x is n p]mitt$ to reveal40 ,simil> in/ances pres5t !mselves on e h&4 ,! production ( any unusually beautiful color1 al?\gh really only "o-half ( ! difficulty ) :i* ! c]amic arti/ has to cont5d1 is univ]sally reg>d$ z a triumph4 ,su* 7 ! ef=ts ^u :i* ! pott]s ( ,*9a exp5d$ _! skill1 & ^u :i* ! emp]ors ( ! ,fl[]y ,k+dom be/[$ rew>ds4 ,!re are dyna/ic colors1 b no dyna/ic /yle ( ornam5tation ) design4 ,! ability to apply color to an arti/ic creation 0 a second>y matt]1 & w5t )\t recognition4 ,! position ( ! arti/ & ! workman 7 ?us 9 a measure inv]t$1 if we insi/ t ! production ( color is me*anical1 & its application arti/ic4 ,if ! decoration be exam9$1 its execution 9 detail w be f\nd to be almo/ p]fect--birds ( brilliant plumage1 fl[]s ( ri*e/ hue1 m5 & wom5 drap$ 9 ,ori5tal spl5dor 7,fig4 #ae74 ,9 e case ! colors us$ are ^? :i* produce ! subtle/ h>mony4 ,!y gleam ?r\gh ! glaze l gems1 or lie ^u its surface l drops ( pe>l1 ruby1 or em]ald4 ,! draw+ is precise & m9ute4 ,a cyl9drical ,japanese vase1 9 ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,sutton's collection1 is decorat$ ) a flock ( cranes4 ,!y cov] ! upp] "p ( its surface1 fly+1 turn+1 div+1 9 e conceivable attitude--a p]fect :irlw9d ( birds4 ,! decorator has1 ) a/oni%+ skill1 seiz$ ^u ! v>i$ attitudes mo/ sugge/ive ( motion1 & has produc$ :at might be call$ 8a /udy ( cranes10 z f> beyond ! appreh5sion ( a ,european arti/ z ! m9uti are beyond 8 skill4 ,else:]e we may see a ma/]piece ( manual dext]ity4 ,x is reticulat$1 or articulat$2 or has its pa/e p]=at$1 & !n cov]$ ) glaze2 or x may be a grotesque expression ( ,ori5tal humor4 ,o!rs are decorat$ ) designs 9 color1 & _! aspects h no monotony4 ,%\ld "o side we>y1 ! vase may be p>tially turn$1 & an entirely new effect is secur$4 ,9 x1 z 9 t describ$ above1 !re is no repetition4 ,9 ,ori5tal "w1 z a :ole1 we !re=e f9d skill 9 manipulation1 similitude 9 draw+1 & beauty 9 color2 & ! greate/ ( ^! is color4 ,we h se5 h[ x 0 reg>d$ by ! ,*9ese !mselves1 & our collectors foll[ _! lead4 ,!y value "o piece = ! r>ity ( its prevail+ gre51 ano!r = ! dep? ( its turquoise1 a ?ird = ! cle>ness ( its blue & ! transp>5cy ( its :ite1 a f\r? = ! h>mony ( its _m t9ts1 a fif? = ! skill display$ 9 its qua9t =m & decoration4 ,we ?us rea* an int]e/+ po9t :]e "s in/ruction may be ga9$4 ,on ! "o h&1 are ! ,greeks pursu+ beauty ( =m ) assiduity & m>k$ success2 on ! o!r1 are ! ,ori5tals occupy+ !mselves ) me*anical skill & ! beauty result+ f color4 ,bo? 7 "r s f> z !y w5t4 ,m5 w admire ,greek pott]y s long z !y h any s5se ( elegant proportion2 !y w admire ,ori5tal pott]y s long z !y f9d any beauty 9 ! *ang+ colors ( a kaleidoscope or 9 a gem4 ,! aims & ideals ( ! two peoples 7 diff]5t1 & ! _w has n yet se5 ! comb9ation ( a gracefulness ( =m equal to ! ,greek ) ! color+ ( ! ,ori5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--,nank9 ,porcela94 ,br[n b&s2 base1 :ite2 body1 pale gre52 neck1 light br[n4 ,decoration *iefly p9k1 gre51 & blue2 neck & body crackl$4 7,sutton ,coll47 ,9 o!r directions1 especially 9 ,europe1 x is m difficult to unravel ! l9es ( art1 or to specify1 )\t numb]less exceptions & modifications1 ! di/9ctive aims ( arti/s or s*ools4 ,! example ( ! ,ori5tals has l$ "s manufactur]s to *oose ! production ( color z _! great aim4 ,!y h no intellig5t compreh5sion ( its high] uses1 z ^! might be /udi$ 9 ,*9ese decoration4 ,!y =m an exagg]at$ e/imate ( ,ori5tal processes1 & seek to equal ! wond]ful color+ ( ! fai5ce ( ,p]sia or ,rhodes4 ,if !y fail1 z is g5]ally ! case1 !y are 9 no way det]r$ f us+ _! inf]ior colors z ! ,ori5tals us$ ! ri*es ( _! palette4 ,in/ead ( turn+ t[>d a new object )9 ! compass ( _! l[] skill1 !y appeal to ! eye ) works :i*1 by sugge/+ comp>ison ) ! models t inspir$ !m1 are at once condemn$4 ,if a vase ( ,nank9 porcela9 %\ld be plac$ side by side ) a ,delft copy1 ! =ce ( ?is w at once be se54 ,x is comp>atively easy to assign a place to ,palissy4 ,8 c>e] des]ves /udy z an illu/ration ( ! movem5t ( art betwe5 ! conv5tional & ! natural4 ,z we look back ^u 8 works1 we f9d t tru? to nature1 9 bo? =m & color1 0 ! guid+ motive 9 ! production ( 8 mo/ rem>kable pieces4 ,we owe ! romance ( 8 life to 8 e>ne/ness 9 attempt+ to solve ! my/]ies ( enamel4 8,i ?\ght10 he says1 8t if ,i c\ld discov] ! inv5tion ( mak+ enamel1 ,i %\ld be able to make vessels ( e>?1 & o!r ?+s ( beautiful arrangem5ts1 because ,heav5 _h giv5 me to und]/& some?+ ( pa9t+2 & !nce=?1 )\t consid]+ t ,i _h no k ( argillace\s e>?1 ,i set ab\t seek+ enamel l a man :o gropes 9 ! d>k40 ,! /ory ( 8 trials1 8 failures & successes1 8 pov]ty1 honors & p]secutions1 compose ! great romance 9 ! hi/ory ( c]amics4 ,:at he atta9$ 01 fir/1 a :ite enamel2 !n1 jasp] glaze ( w>m t9ts ( blue1 br[n1 & :ite2 la/ly1 8 ,ru/iques figul9es 7,fig4 #ag74 ,! la/ 0 8 cr[n+ ef=t4 ,we reg>d him bo? z ! lead+ repres5tative ( ,fr5* art 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & z a great orig9ator4 ,he _h made1 aft] long /ruggle & endeavor1 a great discov]y 9 enamell+2 b :at we admire m ?an t is ! ideal he _h =m$4 ,he develop$ skill1 & aim$ at bo? beauty & lik5ess4 ,palissy 0 great because1 hav+ *os5 a c]ta9 l9e ( art1 he adopt$ ! only ideal by :i* he c\ld possibly rea* p]fection1 viz41 absolute tru? to nature1 alike 9 =m & color4 ,he nei!r sp>$ himself nor ov]look$ any detail4 ,8 m\lds 7 =m$ f liv+ specim5s4 ,we recognize e ornam5t--%ells ( ! di/rict r\nd ,p>is1 reptiles & plants f ! same places1 & fi% f ! ,se9e4 ,he did n d>e to improve or conv5tionalize4 ,he pref]r$ nature z he f\nd h]2 & 8 wisdom 0 g5ius4 ,:at we wi% *iefly to note is1 t "h 0 an arti/ :o us$ ! beauties ( enamel = ! reproduction ( ! natural4 ,he n only m\ld$ ! clay into ! =ms ( liv+ ?+s1 b reproduc$ ! colors ( 8 models4 ,no bett] examples c be giv5 ( ,similitude4 ,x h>dly seems possible t 8 0 a bran* ( ! same art t we h se5 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ,greece4 ,! fact ( its be+ s m]ely %[s ! wide scope ( c]amic art1 & ! inf9ity ( ! =ms x may assume4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--,palissy ,di%4 7,soltyk(f ,coll47 ,hav+ *os5 repres5tatives ( ?ree diff]5t compon5ts ( :at we h assum$ to be ! highe/ =m ( art1 we may n[ glance at ! end 9 view1 & see to :at ext5t ! l[] =ms may be wor?ily foll[$4 ,let u suppose t a piece ( pott]y or porcela9 has be5 pa9t$1 & t ! action ( ! fire has made ! color+ p]5nial1 s t we f9d on x a portrait or a l&scape ev]la/+ z ! w>e itself4 ,let u suppose1 fur!r1 t ! t9ts are natural1 t1 9 %ort1 ! portrait is all t we n[ und]/& by ! ^w1 & t 9 ! l&scape nature is display$ z on canvas--!n we %\ld h a specim5 ( ! p]fect union ( ! pott]'s & pa9t]'s art4 ,! less5+ ob/ructions 9 ! way ( su* a consummation may be ref]r$ to 9 brief4 ,! colors are m9]al1 & *ange by submission to fire1 diff]5t temp]atures produc+ diff]5t t9ts1 ev5 :5 ! same pigm5t is us$4 ,! pa9t]1 !re=e1 9 apply+ ! colors1 mu/ take into acc\nt ! *ange to be effect$ by ! fire 9 endeavor+ to produce a c]ta9 result4 ,he has n m]ely1 x w be obs]v$1 to lay on giv5 colors1 & h !m made p]petual by glaz+ & fir+4 ,he mu/ e/imate & make all[ance = ! trans=mations effect$ 9 ! process4 ,we are n[ 9 a position to realize ! difficulty att5d+ ! ex]cise ( ! comb9$ skill ( pott] & pa9t]4 ,z a consequ5ce1 al?\gh _m great pa9t]s h turn$ _! g5ius to ! decoration ( e>!n-w>e1 o!rs h be5 det]r$ f do+ s by ! v facts "h m5tion$4 ,!y are unwill+ to submit _! "w to processes unatt5d$ ) c]ta9ty1 & to h _! arti/ic individuality oblit]at$ by ! fire4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 t if by any means d\bt c be *ang$ to c]ta9ty1 & ! f9i% *>act]i/ic ( ! individual arti/ be pres]v$1 arti/s ( e grade w gladly avail !mselves ( ! opportunity to place _! works above ! rea* ( ! defac+ f+]s ( ,"t4 ,! c]amic art w\ld be revolutioniz$4 ,arti/s1 be+ at pres5t less able to foll[ nature1 make a virtue ( necessity1 & lose !mselves among fantasies ( t9t & =m4 ,we f9d elaborately decorat$ pieces1 ! great virtue ( ! floral ornam5tation ( :i* is1 t x is--n true1 b--new4 ,a new leaf or a novelty 9 fl[]s is a valuable discov]y2 & ! rp]toire ( ! pott] is fill$ ) designs 9 :i* nature has no "p4 ,if nature be br\ght )9 ! arti/'s rea*1 x w be foll[$ m closely2 & ! result might be ! realization ( ,rusk9's idea--! r5dition ( absolute similitude 9 outl9e1 color1 & p]spective4 ,! next "q aris+ is1 9 view ( ! re/ra9ts ^u arti/s1 :at /yles ( decoration are ! be/8 ,! subject is wor? consid]+ at l5g?4 ,!re may be a beauty ( a c]ta9 k9d 9 ! w>e itself4 ,z a rule1 porcela9 %\ld nev] be ov]load$ ) gold or any k9d ( decoration or color less beautiful ?an its own enamel4 ,x dem&s lightness ( ornam5tation & gracefulness ( design1 r ?an brilliancy ( decoration4 ,we c1 :5 ^! canons are obs]v$1 f9d some?+ to admire 9 caprici\s floral designs1 ev5 al?\gh !y may n be floral to ! naturali/4 ,! be/ rule is to adapt ! decoration to ! object ^u :i* x is laid4 ,x w\ld be a violation ( good ta/e to dem& pictures ^u plates1 or t a s\p-ture5 %\ld resemble a s>cophagus4 ,if an object be = use1 let its usefulness be ! prim>y consid]ation2 if = ornam5t1 let its beauty be its fir/2 if x be meant to comb9e !m1 let ! ornam5tation be t be/ suit$ to ! useful purpose4 ,:5 we come to consid] color alone1 a di/9ction mu/ aga9 be drawn betwe5 articles = diff]5t purposes4 ,ornam5tation may address ei!r ! eye alone or ! s5sibilities ?r\gh ! eye4 ,re/rict+ ourselves to ! =m]1 ! article w be ! mo/ ornam5tal :i*1 ap>t f %ape1 seems mo/ brilliant1 & reflects ! mo/ light4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 we might reproduce an object 9 diff]5t mat]ials--diamond1 ruby1 topaz1 gold1 iron1 lead1 s&1 & pla/]4 ,%[ x1 9 all ^! mat]ials1 to a savage1 an ignoramus1 an arti/1 a woman1 & ea* w select ! copy 9 preci\s /one z ! mo/ agreeable to ! eye4 ,! pla/] w\ld be ! lea/ likely to attract1 & ! p]son *oos+ x w\ld be at once put d[n z devoid ( ta/e4 ,suppose1 n[1 t a vase is pres5t$ to u duplicat$ 9 diff]5t mat]ials1 we %\ld f9d ! turquoise ( ,japan or ! r$ ( ,*9a m pleas+ to ! eye ?an /annif]\s enamel4 ,x w\ld1 aga91 be l *oos+ betwe5 ruby & pla/]4 ,9 ?is way a rule c\ld be drawn up capable ( univ]sal application1 "o :i* w\ld surm\nt all ! advanc+ & rec$+ waves ( *ang+ fa%ion4 ,9 ! %ape :i* an object int5d$ = ornam5t %\ld assume1 or 9 ! /yle ( its decoration1 !re is1 z we h se51 no absolute rule4 ,individual ta/e is p>am\nt1 s9ce ornam5ts are int5d$ ma9ly to adm9i/] to ! pleasure ( ! possessor1 b "o rule may be consid]$ univ]sal 9 reg>d to ! decoration4 ,if ! object be a vase int5d$ to bright5 a h\se1 !n its ornam5tation %\ld nev] be ( su* an ord] t its greate/ & be/ effect is p]ceiv$ :5 x /&s alone4 ,:at ought to be kept 9 view1 is ! ext5t to :i* x w increase ! attractiv5ess ( ! room 9 :i* x /&s4 ,x is a v curi\s fact t ! mo/ p]fect decoration dem&s isolation = ! appreciation ( its full effect1 & t decoration ( comp>ative m$iocrity w frequ5tly add m to an ap>tm5t4 ,we are ?us l$ to obs]ve t decoration is n an end1 b a way1 a means to ! beautify+ ( a home4 ,e su* object 9 a h\se %\ld be a note1 & f comb9ation ( all ! notes comes h>mony4 ,7 ea* a tune complete1 h[ev] p]fect1 ! result w\ld be a j>r+ discord4 ,= t reason1 a vase ( "o p]fectly simple color may h>monize ) its surr\nd+s z well z1 or ev5 bett] ?an1 ano!r %[+ a ma/]piece ( pa9t+4 ,su* a color mu/1 h[ev]1 be z ne> p]fection z possible1 l t ( a preci\s /one4 ,a vase ( turquoise-blue may produce 9 a room ! effect ( diamonds 9 ! e>s ( a woman4 ,ta/e is n likely to lead h] to c>ry pictures 9 h] e>s1 nor to exclude all b picture-pa9t$ porcela9 f h] rooms4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,limoges ,porcela9 ,plate4 ,pa9t$ by ,m4 ,bracquemond4 7,mrs4 ,*>les ,crock] ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,limoges ,porcela9 ,plate4 ,pa9t$ by ,pallaudre4 7,?omas ,scott ,coll47 ,hav+ ?us se5 h[ c]amic productions illu/rate ! art ideas ( all nations1 hav+ t\*$ ^u ! influ5ce ( pott]y ^u art 9 g5]al1 & hav+ glanc$ at its pres5t aims & possible accompli%m5ts1 x w n be =gott51 aft] :at has j be5 said1 t ! comb9ation ( ! useful & ! beautiful is ! great *>m ( ! c]amic art1 mak+ betwe5 !m a new beauty :i* f9ds its be/ place 9 ! h\sehold4 ,let u look at ! usual appurt5ances ( ! table4 ,!y bo? reflect ta/e & =m x4 ,a wide range is be=e u f :i* to *oose--f ! vulg>ity ( ov]load$ gl>+ colors & gilt1 to ! mo/ exquisite simplicity ( design & p]fection ( workman%ip4 ,e h\se-keep] ought to visit an ext5sive collection1 &1 by comp>+ & contra/+ "o /yle ) ano!r1 le>n 9 :at ! true beauty ( c]amic decoration consi/s4 ,! pa9t+ & m\ld+ ( pott]y & porcela9 are q z important z oil-pa9t+ & sculpture4 ,z we look at ! pictures & /atues 9 a gall]y1 we read ! /ories !y tell1 feel ! s5tim5t !y express1 /udy ! grace !y embody1 or l+] lov+ly ov] ! evid5ces !y pres5t ( arti/ic skill4 ,a plate may appe> an humble ?+ to :i* to turn f !m4 ,b let u consid] ! intimate relations into :i* we are br\ght ) its unobtrusive beauty4 ,x is ! daily contact t l5ds s comp>atively l[ly a matt] its real importance1 & daily contact ) delicately pa9t$ & gracefully m\ld$ cups1 platt]s1 & di%es _c be )\t its influ5ce ^u ta/e4 ,or suppose ! c]amic treasure be an e>!n-w>e j>4 ,x pres5ts u ) gre51 its dep? sugge/ive ( a =e/ glade1 %ad+ (f into blue l t ( ! sky4 ,z we turn x sl[ly r\nd1 a leaf appe>s atta*$ to a t9y /em1 & /ill f>!r lies a fl[]1 color$ ) ! v hue ( nature1 & sugge/+ ! p]fume ( a g>d5 9 summ]4 ,art su* z t is nev] out ( place1 & nev] ?r[n away4 ,or let our att5tion re/ ^u m purely ornam5tal repres5tatives ( ! art4 ,!re are vases :i*1 :ile (f]+ = our admiration a beauty :i* is et]nal1 are yet inve/$ ) a *ameleon-l p[] ( *ange4 ,!y nev] all[ monotony to break _! *>m4 ,x may consi/ ( a m]e color4 ,take ! old turquoise-blue ( ,*9a4 ,! eye c sc>cely cat* ! fleet+ %ades1 to det]m9e :e!r ! vase is blue or gre54 ,:ile daylight la/s1 ! blue is dom9ant1 b :5 ! lamps are lit 9 ! ev5+1 ! blue gives place to a gre5 ( greatly increas$ brilliancy4 ,! same ?+ may be obs]v$ 9 _m fl[]-pa9t$ vases4 ,!y may be exam9$ once )\t reveal+ a ti! ( _! beauty4 ,! sky is ov]ca/ & ! outside _w gloomy1 & ! fl[]s1 z sympa!tic z ?\gh gr[+ 9 ! g>d51 look sombre & droop+4 ,b let a ray ( sun%9e fall across ! vase1 & m>k h[ ! fl[]s are glorifi$4 ,_! hues *ange & bright51 &1 z if end[$ ) life1 !y smile1 & lift up _! heads 9 ! face ( ! sun4 ,,book ,i4--,,nom5clature ,,& ,,me?ods4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,te*nology4 ,confusion 9 ,use ( ,t]ms4--,porcela9 z an ,in/ance4--,d]ivation ( ,c]amic4--,pott]y4--,fai5ce4--,majolica4 --,mezza-,majolica4--,composition ( ,porcela94--,orig9 ( ,^w4--,:]e fir/ made4--,:5 introduc$ into ,europe4--,h>d & ,s(t ,pa/e4--,s(t ,porcela9 ( ,v5ice1 ,flor5ce1 ,engl&1 ,france4--,h>d ,porcela9 inv5t$ at ,meiss5 by ,btt*]4--,vi5na4--,discov]y ( ,kaol9 9 ,france4--,biscuit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--;,blue-glaz$ ,pott]y4 ,egyptian4 ,x w be necess>y z we proce$ to make use ( c]ta9 t]ms1 ! mean+ ( :i* %\ld be def9$ ) z mu* exactness z possible4 ,x may be premis$ t consid]able confusion exi/s 9 ! nom5clature ( ! art4 ,?is has aris5 p>tly f ! want ( precision 9 ! language employ$ by writ]s1 & p>tly f div]sity ( usage4 ,z an illu/ration1 ! ^w 8porcela90 may be adduc$4 ,! mat]ial to :i* ! ,egyptians appli$ a glaze1 & :i* 0 v l>gely us$ 9 mak+ ornam5ts & small images1 has be5 call$1 & is con/antly spok5 (1 z ,egyptian porcela9 7,fig4 #bj74 ,9 reality ! sub/ance is n porcela91 hav+ nei!r ! transp>5cy nor ! h>dness ( t w>e1 b a comp\nd betwe5 porcela9 & e>!n-w>e4 ,! ^w 0 also us$ by ! ,italians 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 to designate _! f9] qualities ( majolica4 ,an equally incongru\s application ( x is made 9 ! case ( ,lambe? fai5ce1 :i* is describ$ by ! manufactur]s z a 8k9d ( porcela940 ,su* words z fai5ce1 h>d & s(t porcela91 majolica1 /one-w>e1 etc41 are 9 cont9ual use by writ]s ^u c]amic art1 & a few ( ! m important w n[ be def9$4 ,allusion has already be5 made to ! d]ivation ( ! ^w 8c]amic40 ,view+ ! subject m prosaically1 ! "n 0 appli$ by ! ,greeks to pott]y 9 g5]al1 & also to a l>ge j>2 & sev]al d]ivatives 7 us$ = ! designation ( diff]5t vessels4 ,! pott] himself 0 call$ 1 & ! pot-m>ket 4 ,al?\gh ! matt] has be5 diff]5tly view$1 x appe>s probable t ! root ( all ! above words is 1 a horn4 ,! horn 0 us$ at a v e>ly p]iod z a dr9k+-cup1 & a m decid$ air ( probability is ?us giv5 to ! above assumption1 s9ce ,bac*us 0 ! reput$ p>5t ( 1 or ,c]amus4 ,h[ev] philologi/s may ultimately settle ?is matt]1 ! ^w 8c]amic0 is n[ employ$ to designate ! pott]'s art & its productions4 ,! ^w 8pott]y0 is v>i\sly us$4 ,its root is ! ,lat9 potum1 a dr9k+-vessel4 ,x is appli$1 accord+ to g5]al ,engli% usage1 to all w>es di/+ui%$ by _! opacity f transluc5t porcela94 ,! ,fr5* ^w pot]ie1 on ! o!r h&1 is appli$ to all vessels1 includ+ ^? made ( porcela94 ,! latt] fact has l$ to a slight confusion 9 ! use ( ! ,engli% ^w4 ,"o writ] makes ! ass]tion 9 "o place1 t ! words 8e>!n-w>e0 & 8pott]y0 h limit$ & di/9ctive mean+s1 ! =m] apply+ only to vessels ( ! co>s] qualities1 ! latt] to ! f9e/ products ( ! fictile art1 8includ+ ev5 porcela940 ,9 ano!r place1 he draws a di/9ction betwe5 pott]y & porcela91 & 9 ! latt] c\rse he is foll[$ by ! pres5t writ]4 ,fai5ce1 fay5ce1 or fayance1 is a ,fr5* ^w appli$ to e k9d ( glaz$ e>!n-w>e4 ,accord+ to ! e>li] ,fr5* usage1 ! t]m includ$ porcela91 b m lately x has be5 appli$ only to pott]y4 ,! ^w 8majolica10 z n[ employ$1 has almo/ ! same mean+ z fai5ce4 ,a m limit$ signification is atta*$ to x by "s4 ,! writ] ( ! article on pott]y 9 8,appleton's ,cyclopdia0 says x is us$ 8to signify all fai5ce ( ,italian manufacture4 ,lately ! ^w has be5 us$ z almo/1 if n q1 synonym\s ) fai5ce40 ,a m rec5t writ] has said1 8,9 its n[ common acceptation1 ! ^w is appli$ to all k9ds ( decorat$ pott]y made 9 ,italy1 or made 9 colors & /yles imitat+ ! old ,italian "w4 ,b :5 y read a book on pott]y writt5 dur+ ! pres5t c5tury by an exp]t1 y w d well to rememb] t ! ^w 9 t book means exclusively ,italian decorat$ pott]y ( ! fifte5?1 sixte5?1 sev5te5?1 & eighte5? c5turies1 9 ! old ,italian /yles4 ,x does n include ,italian vases made 9 imitation ( ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 or ,engli% w>es40 ,! *ang+ mean+ ( ?is ^w is a good illu/ration ( ! c>eless use ( ! t]ms employ$ 9 treat+ ( c]amic art4 ,orig9ally1 majolica1 or maiolica1 _h a mean+ diff]5t f any ( ^? giv5 above4 ,! "n is d]iv$ f ,majorca1 ! l>ge/ ( ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s1 betwe5 :i* & ,italy int]c\rse is kn[n to h tak5 place 9 ! twelf? c5tury2 & two hundr$ ye>s lat]1 ! comm]cial transactions ( ,majorca 7 ( a v ext5sive k9d4 ,! evid5ce 9 favor ( ! above d]ivation ( ! ^w is conclusive4 ,scalig] says di/9ctly t ! ,italian pott]y d]iv$ its "n ( majolica f ,majorca1 :]e ! pott]y 0 mo/ excell5t4 ,f]r>i believes t 8! use ( majolica1 z well z ! "n1 came f ,majorca1 :i* ! anci5t writ]s call$ ,majolica40 ,! 8,diction>y della ,crusca0 adds weight to ^! au?orities4 ,su* be+ ! case1 x seems probable t ! ,italians d]iv$ "p ( _! k ( mak+ majolica f ! place :i* gives x its "n4 ,ev5 admitt+ t ! ,s>ac5s :o settl$ 9 ,sicily1 & ! ,moors expell$ f ,spa9 :o settl$ 9 ,italy1 initiat$ ! ,italians 9 ! art1 no?+ is !reby detract$ f ! importance ( ,majorca4 ,! fact is left unaffect$ t ! int]c\rse ) ! ,bale>ic gr\p enabl$ ! ,italians to f9d a "n = ! w>e !y admir$ s mu*4 ,on try+ to imitate x1 ! w>e call$ 8mezza-majolica0 0 produc$4 ,! r$ clay 0 fir/ ?9ly coat$ ) :ite e>?1 ^u :i* ! colors 7 laid4 ,aft] a p>tial fir+1 lead glaze 0 appli$1 & lu/re pigm5ts gave ! w>e ! iridesc5ce *>act]i/ic ( real majolica4 ,x 0 aft] ?is t t9 enamel 0 us$ 9 place ( a :ite slip2 & ! lu/re pigm5ts be+ appli$ z be=e1 f9e majolica 0 produc$4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! words 8mezza-majolica0 & 8majolica0 7 orig9ally appli$ only to w>es %[+ ! reflet mtallique1 or lu/re4 ,?is limit$ use ( ! ^w 0 obs]v$ d[n to ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,piccolpasso1 writ+ 9 #aedh1 9 no case applies ! "n to ! pa9t$ & glaz$ w>es ( 8 own production4 ,all ! glaz$ e>!n-w>e ( ,italy 0 !reaft] call$ majolica2 & ! application ( ! ^w has be5 gr[+ wid] ev] s9ce4 ,mr4 ,=tnum says1 8,we ?9k1 ) ,m4 ,jacquem>t1 ,m4 ,d>cel1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,rob9son1 & o!rs1 t ! ^w #8maiolica' %\ld be aga9 re/rict$ to lu/r$ w>es40 ,any su* attempt mu/ necess>ily end 9 failure4 ,! popul> employm5t ( a ^w is n to be controll$ by its sci5tific application4 ,! t5d5cy is 9 ! opposite direction--t[>d ! e/abli%m5t ( a univ]sal usage by :i* fai5ce & majolica w become conv]tible t]ms4 ,! diff]5t k9ds ( w>e1 su* z ,lucca della ,robbia1 ,palissy1 ,d\lton1 & ,limoges1 w be f\nd describ$ "u ! c\ntries to :i* !y belong4 ,porcela9 is compos$ ( two +r$i5ts1 "o ( :i*--kaol9--is infusible1 & ! o!r--petuntse--vitrifies1 & envelops ! kaol94 ,x is translucid1 & !re9 diff]s f pott]y1 :i* is opaque4 ,z to ! orig9 ( ! ^w1 we h already se5 t x 01 9 its ,italian =m1 appli$ to majolica 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 & ! ^w 8p\rcela9e0 occurs two c5turies e>li]4 ,x 0 us$ to designate ,ori5tal *9a 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,davis1 9 8 "w on ! ,*9ese 7#ahdj71 quotes ,m>sd5 to ! effect t ! ^w 8porcela910 or porcellana1 0 appli$ by ,europeans to ! w>e ( ,*9a1 f ! resemblance ( its f9e poli%$ surface to t ( ! univalve-%ell s nam$2 :ile ! %ell itself d]iv$ its appellation f ! curv$ or gibb\s %ape ( its upp] surface1 :i* 0 ?\ght to resemble ! rais$ back ( a porcella1 or little hog4 ,:5 porcela9 0 fir/ inv5t$ 9 ,*9a is n exactly kn[n4 ,! comb9ation 0 discov]$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,honan ab\t eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago2 b ! date _c be m specifically fix$4 ,f ,*9a x 0 introduc$ into ,p]sia1 ,egypt1 & ,b>b>y1 at a v e>ly p]iod1 & 0 !nce import$ into ,europe1 :]e1 h[ev]1 x 0 n g5]ally kn[n until #aeah4 ,! fir/ specim5s ( ,ori5tal porcela9 kn[n to h rea*$ ,engl& 7 giv5 by ,philip ( ,au/ria to ,sir ,?omas ,tr5*>d1 ( ,wolv]ton1 9 #aejf4 ,to cont9ue its hi/ory 9 ,europe1 x is necess>y to obs]ve t !re are two k9ds ( porcela9--! natural1 or pate dure1 & ! artificial1 or pate t5dre4 ,! latt] _c /& s high a temp]ature z ! =m]1 & c be scrat*$ ) a knife1 :i* ! h>d porcela9 resi/s4 ,! s(t-pa/e 0 ! fir/ to be discov]$ 9 ,europe4 ,*emi/s1 /ruck ) ! beauty ( ! ,*9ese porcela91 & impell$ by a desire to imitate1 began to exp]im5t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 & ! fir/ success1 ( :i* sub/antial evid5ces n[ exi/1 0 ga9$ at ,flor5ce 9 #aehj4 ,x is said t a ,v5etian pott] made porcela9 sixty or sev5ty ye>s e>li]2 b no specim5 kn[n to be 8 is n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,aft] t ( ,flor5ce1 ! next discov]y 0 made by ,dr4 ,dwight1 ( ,fulham1 ,engl&1 9 #afga2 & 9 #afie ! secret 0 p5etrat$ by ,m4 ,*icanneau1 at ,/4 ,cl\d1 ,france4 ,by t "t ! ,flor5t9e porcela9 & process _h be5 =gott51 & ! ,engli% & ,fr5* c]ami/s pursu$ p]fectly indep5d5t inve/igations4 ,! problem ( mak+ a h>d-pa/e porcela9 resembl+ t ( ! ,ori5t /ill rema9$ unsolv$4 ,no *emi/ry c\ld avail ! exp]im5t]s s long z ! mat]ials 7 want+4 ,to ! accid5tal discov]y ( a b$ ( kaol91 ,europe ow$ its fir/ h>d porcela94 ,?is important ev5t took place ab\t ! ye> #agji1 & ! circum/ances lead+ to x are full ( int]e/4 ,john ,fr$]ic ,bttg]1 or ,btt*]1 0 a *emi/'s assi/ant 9 ,b]l91 & hav+ fall5 "u suspicion z an al*emi/1 he took refuge 9 ,saxony1 :i* 0 !n "u ! electorate ( ,augu/us ,,ii4 ,! elector1 hav+ que/ion$ him z to 8 rese>*es 9 ! =bidd5 sci5ce1 plac$ him 9 ! laboratory ( a *emi/ :o 0 9 se>* ( ! philosoph]'s /one4 ,:ile work+ to t end1 ,btt*] surpris$ himself by produc+ some?+ ak9 to ,*9ese porcela94 ,! c\rse ( 8 exp]im5ts 0 turn$ at once f ! *annel 9 :i* x _h run4 ,! k+ gave him e facility = cont9u+ 8 exp]im5ts & work+ out 8 secret4 ,he 0 fir/ e/abli%$ at ,meiss51 !n at ,knig/e91 & la/ at ,dresd54 ,! fir/ results 7 comp>atively rude2 !n came a r$di% /one-w>e1 & aft]w>d a dull :ite porcela94 ,h[ long 8 exp]im5ts might h be5 cont9u$1 or :at might h be5 _! ultimate result1 _c be e/imat$1 _h n an accid5tal discov]y br\ght ! object at :i* he 0 aim+ sudd5ly )9 8 rea*4 ,john ,s*norr1 a weal?y iron-f\nd]1 rid+ "o day 9 ! vic9ity ( ,aue1 ne> ,s*neeb]g1 ,saxony1 notic$ t 8 horse lift$ 8 feet ) difficulty4 ,on exam9ation he f\nd t ! clay 0 v :ite & peculi>ly adhesive4 ,s*norr1 al?\gh ri*1 w\ld gladly be ri*]1 & av>ice made him +5i\s4 ,:y n use ?is :ite e>? 9 ! mak+ ( hair-p[d]8 0 ! "q :i* occurr$ to him4 ,! commodity 0 de>1 & clay 0 a *eap sub/itute4 ,he took a quantity ) him1 made ! new hair-p[d]1 & 0 successful 9 8 v5ture4 ,9 due c\rse1 ! new p[d] rea*$ ,btt*]1 & he1 9 turn1 f\nd an orig9al use = ! :ite e>?4 ,inquir+ into ! nature ( ! p[d]1 he f\nd x 0 e>?y1 & at once tri$ x 9 8 laboratory4 ,! p[d] 0 kaol91 & h>d porcela9 0 discov]$4 ,a manufactory 0 e/abli%$ at ,meiss51 ( :i* ,btt*] 0 director until 8 dea?1 9 #agai4 ,9 #agbj1 ! manufacture 0 begun at ,vi5na1 :i!r ! secret 0 c>ri$ by an escap$ =eman f ,btt*]'s works at ,meiss54 ,x is v curi\s to note t ! fir/ manufacture ( h>d porcela9 9 ,france 0 due to a *ance discov]y almo/ id5tical ) t made 9 ,g]many4 ,kaol9 _h be5 f\nd at ,al5on1 b ! porcela9 made f x 0 n pure 9 color4 ,9 #agfe1 ! wife ( a surgeon f\nd ne> ,/4 ,yrieix a peculi>ly s(t e>? ( great :it5ess4 ,be+ poor1 ,madame ,d>net 0 also economical4 ,unlike ,s*norr1 h] ?\ghts turn$ 9 ! direction r ( keep+ d[n h\sehold exp5ses ?an ( add+ to h] income4 ,! e>? _h a s(t1 oily t\*1 & ! good lady ?\ght t x might answ] all ! purposes ( soap4 ,h] husb& s5t a sample to a *emi/1 & x 0 soon aft]w>d decid$ to be kaol94 ,! manufacture ( h>d porcela9 0 begun at ,svres 9 #agfi1 ! qu>ries ( ,/4 ,yrieix supply+ bo? ! kaol9 & petuntse4 ,z illu/rat+ ! +ratitude ( ! _w1 x may be m5tion$ t ! humble in/rum5t by ^: aid ,france rea*$ its l(ty em95ce 9 ! manufacture ( porcela9 01 = ab\t sixty ye>s1 left unrew>d$4 ,9 #ahbe1 ,madame ,d>net1 sp5d+ h] old age 9 pov]ty1 receiv$ a p5sion f ,l\is ,,xviii4 ,biscuit is ! te*nical t]m appli$ to bo? pott]y & porcela9 be=e !y are enamell$ or glaz$4 ,9 ?is condition1 porcela9 is ( a dead :ite1 & is n v well suit$ to receive decoration 9 colors :i* require a glaze to br+ out _! full beauty4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,classification4 ,tabulat$ ,view4--,brongni>t's ,division3 ,its ,objections4--,classification adopt$4--,lead+ ,features & ,advantages4--,di/9ctions betwe5 ,diff]5t ,bodies & ,diff]5t ,glazes4 ,9 ord] to avoid repetitions & explanations1 & = ! sake ( lucidity1 tabulat$ views ( ! diff]5t bran*es ( c]amics are "h pres5t$4 ,! fir/ is lea/ detail$1 b gives ! sali5t po9ts ( a sy/ematic arrangem5t4 ,unglaz$ ,common brick4 ,e>!n-w>e4 ,s(t ,lu/r\s ,greek pott]y4 ,,pott]y ,glaz$ ,"s anci5t & mo/ mod]n fai5ce4 ,enamell$ ,robbia w>e4 ,h>d ,/one-w>e4 ,fire-brick4 ,s(t ,naturally s(t ,engli% porcela94 ,artificially s(t ,fr5* porcela91 pate t5dre1 ,,porcela9 su* z old ,svres4 ,*9a4 ,h>d ,dresd54 ,svres4 ,! foll[+ is m full1 & is to be ascrib$ to ,m4 ,brongni>t3 ,,fir/ ,,class1 ,,s(t-,,pa/e4 #a/ ,ord]4 ,bak$ clay )\t glaze4 #b;d ,ord]4 ,lu/r$ w>es ) silico-alkal9e glaze4 #c;d ,ord]4 ,glaz$ pott]y ) plumbif]\s glaze4 #d? ,ord]4 ,enamell$ pott]y1 9 ! enamel ( :i* t9 is us$4 ,,second ,,class1 ,,h>d-,,pa/e 7,,opaque74 #e? ,ord]4 ,f9e fai5ce1 uncolor$ pa/e ) plumbif]\s glaze4 #f? ,ord]4 ,/one-w>e )\t glaze1 or ) salt or plumbif]\s glaze4 ,,?ird ,,class1 ,,h>d-,,pa/e 7,,transluc5t74 #g? ,ord]4 ,h>d porcela91 pa/e & glaze bo? felspa?ic4 #h? ,ord]4 ,engli% natural s(t-pa/e porcela9--pa/e1 argillace\s kaol91 pegmatite1 phosphate ( lime1 etc42 glaze1 boracic4 #i? ,ord]4 ,fr5* artificial s(t-pa/e porcela9--pa/e1 a frit1 m>ly alkal9e2 glaze1 alkal9e conta9+ lead1 alkali1 & silica4 ,if ^! tables be /udi$ c>efully1 x w be f\nd t 9 arrang+ ! n9e ord]s1 a gradual asc5t is made f ! humble/ w>e--bak$ clay left unglaz$--to ! f9e/ ( artificial comp\nds4 ,its only objection--& x is "o v likely to confuse an inexp]i5c$ /ud5t ( ! art--is1 t1 "u ! head ( h>d-pa/e pott]y1 are class$ ! s(t-pa/e porcela9s ( ,engl& & ,france4 ,! "q is1 also1 v likely to sugge/ itself1 :y ! di/9ction %\ld be drawn betwe5 ! s(t-pa/es ( ,engl& & ,france1 & ! "o call$ natural1 ! o!r artificial4 ,! reason is t ! pa/e ( ,engl& is naturally s(t1 :ile t ( ,france is made s(t by ! *emical action ( c]ta9 ( its +r$i5ts4 ,! classification has1 on ! o!r h&1 ! advantage ( be+ 9 g5]al use4 ,t]ms are employ$ 9 its con/ruction :i* h a peculi> b well und]/ood significance2 & ev5 9 its errors !re is a modicum ( tru?4 ,?us1 al?\gh ! artificial porcela9 ( ,france is inv>iably call$ pate t5dre1 or s(t porcela91 x is n improp]ly class$ "u transluc5t h>d-pa/es4 ,! error is 9 ! di/9ctive "n r ?an 9 ! classification4 ,!re is1 9 reality1 v little diff]5ce 9 h>dness betwe5 ! h>d-pa/e & ! s(t-pa/e2 & al?\gh ! glaze ( ! latt] is n s h>d z ! body1 ! appellation s(t-pa/e has be5 adjudg$ a misnom]4 ,! "q !n came to be :e!r x might n be bett] to reta9 ! old t]ms1 ) an explanation ( _! te*nical mean+1 ?an to supplant !m ) some?+ new4 ,! latt] c\rse has be5 adopt$1 ^u ! gr\nd ( obviat+ mean+less & mislead+ di/9ctions4 ,bo? simplicity & a cle> und]/&+ ( "o ( ! mo/ important practical divisions ( our subject po9t t[>d a revision ( ! old sy/em ( gr\p+4 ,pott]y & porcela9 diff] 9 "o ess5tial respect1 & _! v>ieties c also be class$ accord+ to ! lead+ features ( _! composition1 manufacture1 or appe>ance4 ,^! diff]5ces h be5 tak5 z ! basis ( ! foll[+ classification1 aga9/ :i*1 at lea/1 none ( ! objections to t ( ,m4 ,brongni>t c be br\ght4 ,x has be5 prep>$ by a di/+ui%$ ,fr5* arti/ ( ! pres5t "t1 & is (f]$ 9 ! hope t x may be intelligible1 al?\gh x is n claim$ to be ei!r p]fectly exact or altoge!r complete4 ,all w>es are divisible into two great classes1 viz41 transp>5t porcela9 & opaque e>!n-w>e4 ,,porcela9 may be natural or artificial4 ,i4 ,natural porcela9 is made f kaol9ic clay4 ,x may h-- #a4 ,a pure felspa?ic glaze1 su* z porcela9 ( ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,limoges1 ,svres1 ,dresd51 ,b]l92 or1 #b4 ,no glaze1 su* z ! biscuit porcela9 ( ,*9a or ,france4 ,,ii4 ,artificial porcela9 may be made f alkal9e clay1 calc>e\s clay1 or felspa?ic clay4 #a4 ,alkal9e clay may h an alkal9e glaze1 ei!r colorless or color$1 or may be biscuit4 a4 ,alkal9e glaze1 colorless--,p]sia1 ,*9a1 ,/4 ,cl\d1 ,limoges1 ,svres1 ,t\rnay4 b4 ,alkal9e glaze1 color$--,p]sia1 ,*9a1 ,limoges1 ,deck4 c4 ,biscuit--,old ,svres /atuettes4 #b4 ,calc>e\s clay has a colorless boracic glaze1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,engli% *9a ( ,m9ton1 ,copel&1 & ,worce/]4 #c4 ,felspa?ic clay is exemplifi$ 9 ! p>ian ( ,copel&1 ,m9ton1 & ,worce/]4 ,,e>!n-,,w>e is ( two k9ds--t %[+ a non-vitrifi$ fracture1 & t %[+ a vitrifi$ fracture4 ,i4 ,,e>!n-,,w>e ) non-vitrifi$ fracture may h ei!r a transp>5t glaze or an opaque enamel4 #a4 ,transp>5t glaze may be plumbif]\s or alkal9e1 & 9 ei!r case colorless or color$4 a4 ,plumbif]\s4 ,glaze1 colorless--,fai5ce d',oiron or ,h5ri ,deux w>e1 ,w$gwood1 ,meak91 ,creil1 ,mont]eau4 ,glaze1 color$--,palissy1 ,nuremb]g1 ,m9ton's majolica4 b4 ,alkal9e4 ,glaze1 colorless--,p]sian fai5ce1 ,*9ese & ,japanese fai5ce2 ,deck1 ( ,p>is4 ,glaze1 color$--,havil& or ,limoges fai5ce4 #b4 ,opaque enamel is /annif]\s1 & may be ei!r colorless or color$4 ,/annif]\s1 colorless--,della ,robbia1 ,r\51 ,m\/i]s1 ,delft1 ,nev]s4 ,/annif]\s1 color$--,col9ot1 ,p>ville1 ,longwy4 ,,ii4 ,e>!n-w>e ) vitrifi$ fracture may be ei!r glaz$ or 9 biscuit4 ,( ! =m]1 ! ,grs ( ,g]many1 ,beauvais1 & ,d\lton may be tak5 z examples4 ,= conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce1 ! same classification may be giv5 9 tabulat$ =m3 ,,classification ,,( ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,,w>e4 ,*9a1 ,japan1 ,glaze ( ,dresd51 ,b]l91 ,natural ,kaol9ic felspa?1 ,svres1 ,limoges4 pa/e pure ,biscuit ,biscuit porcela9 ( ,limoges & ,*9a4 ,p]sia1 ,*9a1 ,,transluc5t ,/4 ,cl\d1 ,t\rnay ,,porcela94 ,alkal9e ,glaze alkal9e1 ,svres1 ,havil&4 pa/e colorless ,glaze alkal9e1 color$ ,p]sia1 ,*9a1 ,deck1 ,havil&4 ,biscuit ,old ,svres /atuettes4 ,artificial,calc>e\s ,glaze boracic1 color ,engli% *9a1 pa/e ,m9ton1 ,worce/]1 ,copel&4 ,felspa?ic ,p>ian ,copel&1 ,worce/]1 pa/e ,m9ton4 ,glaze1 ,fai5ce ,h5ri ,,ii41 ,plumbif]\s colorless4 ,w$gwood1 ,meak91 glaze ,creil1 ,mont]eau4 ,glaze1 ,palissy1 ,nuremb]g1 ,e>!n body ,transp>5t color$ ,m9ton's majolica4 ) a glaze4 non-vitrifi$ ,alkal9e ,glaze1 ,fai5ce ( ,p]sia1 break glaze colorless4 ,*9a1 & ,japan2 ,deck4 ,limoges fai5ce ( ,havil&1 ,glaze1 ,bracquemond1 color$ & ,*aplet4 ,,opaque ,delia ,robbia1 ,,e>!n ,opaque ,/annif]\s ,colorless ,rovigo1 ,fontana1 ,,body4 enamel ,r\51 ,m\/i]s1 ,nev]s1 ,delft1 ,,t]res4 ,ulysses de ,blois1 ,/4 ,clem5t4 ,color$ ,col9ot1 ,p>ville1 ,longwy4 ,e>!n body1 ,biscuit ,bocc>o1 ,biz54 ) a vitrifi$ break ,glaze ,grs f ,g]many4 ,"u ! above arrangem5t1 x w be obs]v$ t ! di/9ction betwe5 h>d & s(t porcela9 & pott]y is done away )4 ,! fir/ is divid$ into natural & artificial1 ! kaol9ic pa/e be+ ! only "o com+ "u ! =m] head1 & ! 8s(t-pa/es0 ( bo? ,engl& & ,france com+ "u ! latt]4 ,! subdivisions are made accord+ to ! glaze employ$4 ,! division ( pott]y into two classes1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! body z reveal$ by fracture1 is ! mo/ lucid & compreh5sive4 ,! subdivisions1 z 9 ! case ( porcela91 are made accord+ to ! enamel or glaze appli$ to ! w>e4 ,x is presum$ t any "o c di/+ui% betwe5 transp>5t & opaque w>es1 & ?us tell porcela9 f pott]y1 & simil>ly1 tell :e!r ! fracture ( a brok5 specim5 is vitrifi$ or o!rwise1 & ?us di/+ui% /one-w>e1 or grs1 f ord9>y e>!n-w>e4 ,9 ! matt] ( glazes1 x requires a great deal ( skill & long practice to tell "o f ano!r4 ,all are transp>5t1 ) ! exception ( t9 or /annif]\s enamel4 ,felspa?ic glaze is t mo/ readily recogniz$2 b 9 ! case ( ! o!rs--! alkal9e1 plumbif]\s1 & boracic--!y are v (t5 only to be di/+ui%$ by _! diff]5t effects ^u ! colors us$ 9 decoration4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,composition ,,( ,,w>es ,,& ,,glazes4 ,h>d & ,s(t ,pott]y & ,porcela94--,,composition ,,( ,,porcela93 ,kaol9--,its ,d]ivation & ,+r$i5ts--,petuntse--,h[ prep>$ 9 ,*9a4--,! ,european ,process4--,diff]5ces betwe5 ,*9ese & ,european ,porcela9s4--,*emical ,analysis4--,engli% ,porcela9 & its ,peculi>ities3 ,its ,av]age ,composition4--,h[ ,engli% ,clay is prep>$4--,fr5* ,artificial ,porcela94--,p>ian4--,,common ,,e>!n-,,w>e43 ,table ( ,+r$i5ts ( diff]5t k9ds4--,g5]al ,table4--,,glazes3 ,classes4--,brongni>t's ,classification4--,diff]5ce betwe5 ,enamel & ,glaze4--,silici\s ,glaze4--,hi/ory4--,use ( ,oxides4--,egyptian ,processes4--,metallic ,lu/re4--,/annif]\s ,enamel3 ,its ,hi/ory4 ,! division ( pott]y & porcela9 into two great classes1 h>d & s(t1 is bas$ ^u ! diff]5ce ( _! composition1 _! h>dness ( surface1 & _! p[] ( resi/+ ! action ( fire4 ,! simple/ te/ is scrat*+ ) a knife or o!r in/rum5t4 ,h>d porcela9 & pott]y resi/ ! metal1 :ile ! s(t is m>k$4 ,! =m] w also /& a temp]ature 9 ! kiln at :i* ! latt] w\ld crumble or fuse4 ,to und]/& ! composition ( porcela91 x is necess>y to be> 9 m9d t x is a comp\nd ( kaol9 & petuntse1 ! =m] ( :i* is infusible1 & ! latt] fusible at a high temp]ature4 ,! =m] con/itutes ! body ( ! piece1 ! latt] gives x its transluc5cy4 ,! ^w 8kaol90 is d]iv$ f ,kaol+1 ! "n ( a m\nta9 ne> ,k+-teh-*91 "o ( ! great c5tres ( ! manufacture 9 ,*9a4 ,kaol9 is simply ! result ( ! decomposition ( granitic rock1 & silica & alum9a are its *ief +r$i5ts4 ,petuntse is pure felsp>4 ,! conditions 9 :i* ^! mat]ials are f\nd 9 ,*9a may be briefly /at$4 ,!y are ei!r 9 ! =m ( /one or s&1 f :i* ! unsuitable p>ts are remov$ by ! action ( wat]4 ,:5 !y are ?r[n into ! wat]1 ! f9e p>ticles :i* d n s9k are collect$ & dri$4 ,! pa/e1 be=e be+ us$1 is aga9 put into wat] & /ra9$ ?r\gh a sieve1 s t only ! f9e/ is pres]v$1 & us$ 9 mak+ porcela94 ,! mat]ials are obta9$ f diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & bl5d$ accord+ to _! respective qualities1 z asc]ta9$ by ! mo/ sy/ematic inve/igation & exp]im5t4 ,! ,european process is simil>1 ! kaol9 be+ fir/ wa%$ cle> ( all argillace\s impurity1 & !n mix$ ) felsp> & silici\s s&4 ,( ! fur!r simil>ity betwe5 ! two1 ,,mm4 ,ebelman & ,salvetat say3 #a/4 ,! kaol9 & petuntse us$ 9 mak+ pa/e = ,*9ese porcela9 are *emically id5tical ) ! mat]ials us$ 9 ,europe4 ,! ,*9ese kaol9 is evid5tly dis9tegrat$ granite4 ,*emically1 petuntse resembles ! pegmatite ( ,limoges2 m9]alogically1 x is to be class$ ) petrosilici\s felsp>4 #b;d4 ,! me*anical prep>ation ( ! pa/es ( ,*9a & ,europe is bas$ ^u simil> me?ods4 #c;d4 ,! ,*9ese pa/e is ! m fusible ( ! two4 #d?4 ,! ,*9ese glaze is also ! m fusible1 on acc\nt ( ! addition ( lime to ! petuntse1 :i* ! ,fr5* use pure4 ,x may be add$ t ! ,dresd51 ,svres1 & ,limoges porcela9s are bak$ at a high] temp]ature1 & are h>d] ?an ! ,*9ese4 ,! basis ( ! natural pa/es ( ,g]many & ,france is #df4ff p>ts ( silex1 #dj ( alum9\s e>?1 & #ac4cc alkal9e e>?1 al?\gh ! proportions v>y1 & ! foll[+ may be ne>] an av]age3 ,silex1 #ff2 alum9a1 #cj2 pota%1 magnesia1 & lime1 #d4 ,9 ! glaze ! proportions are diff]5t1 ! silica l>gely prepond]at+3 ,silex1 #gc4d2 alum9a1 #ae4g2 pota%1 lime1 & magnesia1 #aj4i4 ,! foll[+ table is giv5 by ,m4 ,a4 ,salvetat z ! result ( analyses made at diff]5t times by himself & o!rs3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,pa/es4 ,silica4,alum9a4 ,oxide ,lime4,magnesia4,pota%4,soda4 ( ,iron4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,*9a1 #a/ quality#fi4jj #bc4fj #a4bj #j4cj #j4jb #c4cj #b4ij ,*9a1 #b;d quality #gj4jj #bb4bj #a4cj #j4hj traces #c4fj #b4gj ,*9a1 #c;d quality #gc4hj #ai4cj #b4jj #j4fj traces #b4ej #b4cj ,*9a1 #d? quality#fh4id #ba4cj #c4dh #a4ad traces #c4db #a4gh ,meiss5 #eh4ej #ce4aj #j4hj #j4cj traces #e4jj 4444 ,vi5na #ei4fj #cd4bj #j4hj #a4gj #a4dj #b4jj 4444 ,b]l9 #fd4cj #bi4jj #j4fj #j4cj #j4de #c4fe 4444 ,limoges #gj4bj #bd4jj #j4gj #j4gj #j4aj #d4cj 4444 ,svres #eh4jj #cd4ej 4444 #d4ej 4444 #c4jj 4444 ,svres 7sculpture7#fd4aj #cj4bd 4444 #b4hb traces #b4hj 4444 ,worce/] #hb4jj #i4aj 44444 #a4cj #g4dj 4444 4444 ,p>is #ga4bj #bb4jj #j4hj #j4hj 4444 #d4ej 4444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,! ,engli% artificial porcela9 diff]s f ! natural pa/e ( ,*9a & ! ,european cont95t *iefly 9 "o p>ticul>4 ,at fir/ ! comp\nd us$ 0 :ite clay1 :ite s&1 & glass1 ! latt] be+ employ$ to imp>t ! necess>y transp>5cy4 ,m rec5tly bone came l>gely into use1 & is n[ "o ( ! di/9ctive +r$i5ts ( ,engli% pa/e4 ,! phosphoric acid ( t mat]ial 0 f\nd to produce1 9 comb9ation ) ! o!r mat]ials1 a cle>1 transluc5t body1 ( less /r5g? ?an natural pa/e1 b less liable to s9k4 ,! foll[+ may be tak5 z ! mean composition3 ,bone1 #dg2 kaol91 #cd2 felsp>1 #ai4 ,! kaol9 is f\nd 9 ,cornwall1 :]e a v l>ge tract is =m$ *iefly ( decompos$ granite4 ,! pure/ rock hav+ be5 select$1 x is plac$ on an incl9$ plane1 ^u :i* wat] c be turn$4 ,x is wa%$ d[n into a tr5*1 & !nce into a cat*-pit1 & aga9 into l[] pits1 9 :i* successively ! impure +r$i5ts are reta9$1 ! wat] lad5 ) ! f9] p>ticles runn+ into tanks1 & !re deposit+ its f9e silt4 ,! clay is p>tially dri$1 & cut into blocks1 & 9 t %ape rea*es ! pott]s4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! kaol9 is prep>$ be>s a v close resemblance to t adopt$ by ! ,*9ese1 z previ\sly describ$4 ,! glaze is compos$ ( felsp>1 c>bonate ( lime1 borax1 & :ite-lead4 ,sometimes ! kaol9 is mix$ ) ! bone & felsp> 9 ! proportions above specifi$1 & sometimes ! bone is made1 9 comb9ation ) silex & pe>la%1 into a frit4 ,! artificial or s(t porcela9 ( ,france1 exemplifi$ 9 ! old *9a ( ,svres1 0 produc$ by a v intricate & +5i\s process4 ,a frit 0 made ( saltpetre1 sea-salt1 burnt alum1 soda-a%1 gypsum1 & s&4 ,?is mixture1 hav+ be5 purifi$ by p>tial vitrification1 0 gr\nd1 & mix$ ) *alk & m>l4 ,! glaze 0 z foll[s3 ,li?>ge1 #ch2 s&1 #bg2 calc9$ fl9t1 #aa2 & ! c>bonates ( soda & pota%1 #ae & #i p>ts respectively4 ,! composition call$ p>ian1 9 :i* ! pott]s ( ,engl& & ,am]ica h execut$ mu* beautiful "w1 v>ies consid]ably4 ,analysis ( "o specim5 result$ ?us3 ,silica1 #eh4eg2 alum9a1 #ba2 oxide ( iron1 #a2 lime1 #j4ad2 magnesia1 #j4e2 pota%1 #aa4dj2 soda1 #e4jh4 ,! clay f :i* common e>!n-w>e is made is compos$ to a great ext5t ( silica & alum9a1 ) admixtures ( iron1 lime1 & magnesia4 ,an av]age comb9ation is #fj p>ts silex1 #cj alum9a1 #g iron1 & #b lime4 ,^! proportions v>y v widely1 c]ta9 sub/ances appe>+ 9 "o place & n 9 ano!r4 ,9 "s1 c>bon is f\nd2 9 o!rs1 qu>tz1 s&1 m>l1 or *alk1 z ! case may be4 ,! "w ( classification1 except 9 a v ext5d$ =m1 is ?us r5d]$ some:at difficult4 ,possibly ! foll[+ s]ies ( tables w s]ve our purpose mo/ intelligibly4 ,column head+s3 ,s3 ,silica4 ,a3 ,alum9a4 ,i3 ,oxide ( ,iron4 ,l3 ,lime4 ,m3 ,magnesia4 ,w3 ,wat]4 ,c3 ,c>bon4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,pott]y4 ,s ,a ,i ,l ,m ,w ,c ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,g]man #fc4ij #ab4gf #aj4bd #a4jd #j4eb #i4ih #a4jb ,sc&9avian #fd4jb #aj4gg #aa4bc #b4dh #j4je #i4ig #a4jj ,old ,gallic #fb4bb #ah4cf #e4ga #a4ag #j4dg #aj4ef #j4gh ,p]uvian #fg4jd #aj4hc #aj4ag #c4bd #j4bh #g4jg #a4jj ,etruscan #fd4jb #ab4di #h4ec #c4jj #a4hc #h4ac #b4jj ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,9 ! foll[+ c>bon does n appe>1 & ! proportion ( silica increases3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,oxide ( ,pott]y4 ,silica4 ,alum9a4 ,iron4 ,lime4 ,magnesia4 ,wat]4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,roman #fd4jj #ag4gg #aj4bc #d4hf 4444 #b4bc ,middle ,ages #gb4ee #bj4bg #b4ed #a4jd 4444 #c4jj ,egypt #ha4jj #ac4ej #a4jj #c4jj 4444 #a4ij ,egypt #ib4jj #d4jj 4444 #b4jj #j4fj #j4dj ,p]sian #ij4jj #a4ej #a4ej #c4jj #j4hj #j4fj ,j]usalem #hg4af #e4ej 4444 #c4jj #j4gh 4444 ,arabian #hi4ie #c4hg 4444 #b4jj #j4ea #c4jj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,! ,egyptian1 comp\nd$ z above1 is t :i* has be5 commonly kn[n z ,egyptian porcela94 ,_m ( ! bett] kn[n w>es ( ,europe & ! ,ea/ h a common *>act]i/ic 9 ! calc>e\s nature ( _! pa/es4 ,! silica decreases & ! lime increases1 :ile c>bonic acid appe>s z a new +r$i5t4 ,column head+s3 ,s3 ,silica4 ,a3 ,alum9a4 ,m3 ,magnesia4 ,i3 ,oxide ( ,iron4 ,c3 ,c>bonic ,acid4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,pott]y4 ,s ,a ,m ,i ,c ,lime4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,lucca della ,robbia #di4fe #ae4ej #j4ag #c4gj #h4eh #bb4dj ,majorca #dh4jj #ag4ej #a4ag #c4ge #i4df #bj4ab ,spa9 7old7 #df4jd #ah4de #j4hg #c4jd #ac4if #ag4fd ,val5cia 7mod]n7 #ea4ee #bj4eb #a4bd #b4fc #aj4db #ac4fd ,delft #di4jg #af4ai #j4hb #b4hb #ac4ji #ah4ja ,p]sian #dh4ed #ab4je #j4cj #c4ad #af4gb #ai4be ,nev]s #ef4di #ai4bb #j4ga #b4ab #f4ej #ad4if ,r\5 #dg4if #ae4jb #j4dd #d4jg #ab4bg #bj4bd ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,( ! pott]ies :i* hold a place betwe5 ! h>d & s(t w>es are ! ,palissy & ,h5ri ,deux4 ,! composition ( ! =m] is #fg4ej silica1 #bh4ea alum9a1 #a4eb lime1 #b4je oxide ( iron1 ) a v slight admixture ( alkalies4 ,t ( ! latt] is #ei4aj silica1 & #dj4bd alum9a4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x w be se5 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 e>!n-w>e1 /one-w>e1 & porcela9 is to be attribut$ to a few m9or +r$i5ts1 to ! prep>ation1 & to ! degree ( heat to :i* !y are subject$4 ,! foll[+ table may be /udi$ = ! sake ( mak+ comp>isons3 ,common e>!n-w>e ,silica1 #fj2 alum9a1 #cj2 iron1 #g2 lime1 #b4 ,blue clay ,silica1 #df2 alum9a1 #ch2 iron1 #a2 lime1 #a4 ,/af=d%ire clay ,pipe-clay1 #dj2 kaol91 #be2 qu>tz1 #bj2 felsp>1 #ae4 ,/one-w>e ,felsp>1 #be2 qu>tz or silex1 #be2 soda1 #be2 pla/ic clay1 #ae2 boracic acid1 #aj4 ,porcela9 ,silica1 #ff2 alum9a1 #cj2 pota%1 #c4d2 magnesia & lime1 #a4a4 ,porcela9 glaze ,silica1 #gc4d2 alum9a1 #ae4g2 pota%1 #g4d2 magnesia & lime1 #b4b4 ,engli% porcela9 ,kaol91 #cd2 bone1 #dg2 felsp>1 #ai2 soda a%1 #cf4 ,old ,svres s(t-pa/e ,saltpetre1 #bb2 sea-salt1 #g4b2 burnt alum1 #c4f2 soda a%1 #c4f2 gypsum1 #c4f2 s&1 #fj4 ,?is 0 made into a frit & mix$--#ge p>ts frit1 #ag *alk1 & #h ( calc>e\s m>l4 ,z to ! glazes appli$ to clay or opaque w>e1 we h se5 t !y are broadly di/+ui%$ z transluc5t plumbif]\s or alkal9e1 opaque /annif]\s1 & salt glaze4 ,! di/9ction is also to be obs]v$ betwe5 glaze & enamel1 al?\gh !y are (t5 conf\nd$4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,m4 ,brongni>t1 !re are ?ree k9ds ( glaze--v>ni%1 enamel1 & c\v]te--all ( :i* are vitrifiable4 ,v>ni% he describes z a transp>5t & plumbif]\s mat]ial1 melt+ at a l[] temp]ature ?an t requir$ = bak+ ! pa/e2 enamel1 an opaque1 g5]ally /annif]\s 7conta9+ t97 sub/ance2 c\v]te1 a sub/ance :i* melts at a temp]ature equal to t requir$ = bak+ ! pa/e4 ,bir*1 on ! o!r h&1 draws a di/9ction betwe5 glaze & enamel4 ,9 "o place he speaks ( 8opaque glasses or enamels10 & aga91 8among ! ,egyptians & ,assyrians1 enamell+ 0 us$ m frequ5tly ?an glaz+40 ,s1 also1 ,=tnum1 :o1 divid+ pott]y into s(t & h>d1 subdivides ! =m] into unglaz$1 lu/r\s1 glaz$1 & enamell$4 ,! glaz$ he aga9 divides into silici\s1 or glass-glaz$1 & plumbe\s1 or lead-glaz$1 bo? ( :i* are transp>5t4 ,! ^w 8glaze0 is ?us m correctly appli$ to ! cov]+1 :i* does n alt] ! color ( ! body ^u :i* x is laid1 & 8enamel0 to t :i* obscures ! body4 ,glass1 or silici\s glaze1 is =m$ by fus+ s& ) an alkali--pota% or soda4 ,:5 to ?is is add$ ! oxide ( lead1 transp>5t plumbif]\s glaze is ! result2 & :5 to bo? ( ^! oxide ( t9 is add$1 we h opaque /annif]\s enamel4 ,! glass & plumbe\s glazes may be color$ ) a v>iety ( o!r oxides1 )\t los+ _! transp>5cy4 ,:5 or :]e glaze 0 fir/ appli$ to clay is n kn[n4 ,l _m o!r bran*es ( k & _m nations1 x has its roots 9 ! ,ea/1 b :e!r we are indebt$ = x to ,india1 ,egypt1 or ,assyria1 _c n[ be decid$4 ,^u ?is "q ,dr4 ,bir* says3 8,! desire ( r5d]+ t]ra-cotta less por\s1 & ( produc+ vases capable ( reta9+ liquids1 gave rise to ! cov]+ x ) a vitre\s enamel or glaze4 ,! inv5tion ( glass has be5 hi!rto g5]ally attribut$ to ! ,phnicians2 b opaque glasses or enamels1 z old z ! eighte5? dyna/y1 & enamell$ objects z e>ly z ! f\r? 7,b4,c4 #cjjj-bjjj71 h be5 f\nd 9 ,egypt4 ,! employm5t ( copp] to produce a brilliant blue-color$ enamel 0 v e>ly bo? 9 ,babylonia & ,assyria1 b ! use ( t9 = a :ite enamel1 z rec5tly discov]$ 9 ! enamell$ bricks & vases ( ,babylonia & ,assyria1 anticipat$ by _m c5turies ! r$iscov]y ( t process 9 ,europe 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & %[s ! e>ly application ( metallic oxides4 ,?is inv5tion app>5tly rema9$ = _m c5turies a secret among ! ,ea/]n nations only1 enamell$ t]ra-cotta & glass =m+ articles ( comm]cial export f ,egypt & ,phnicia to e "p ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,among ! ,egyptians & ,assyrians enamell+ 0 us$ m frequ5tly ?an glaz+1 & _! works are consequ5tly a k9d ( fai5ce1 consi/+ ( a loose frit or body1 to :i* an enamel adh]es aft] only a slight fusion4 ,aft] ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire ! art ( enamell+ t]ra-cotta disappe>$ among ! ,arab & ,moori% races1 :o _h reta9$ a traditional k ( ! process4 ,! application ( a transp>5t vitre\s coat+1 or glaze1 ov] ! entire surface1 l ! v>ni% ( a picture1 is also ref]able to a high antiquity1 & 0 univ]sally adopt$ ei!r to enhance ! beauty ( s+le colors or to promote ! comb9ation ( _m4 ,innum]able fragm5ts & rema9s ( glaz$ vases1 fabricat$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans1 n only prove ! e>ly use ( glaz+1 b also exhibit1 9 ! pres5t day1 _m ( ! noble/ ef=ts ( ! pott]'s art40 ,! use ( oxides is also v anci5t4 ,! ,egyptians employ$ t ( copp] = ! production ( _! turquoise-blue1 & possibly also = _! gre51 manganese = violet1 iron or silv] = yell[s1 etc4 ,! same processes 7 kn[n 9 ,babylon & ,assyria4 ,to ! ,p]sians & ,arabians ! application ( metallic lu/res 0 kn[n at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,plumbif]\s1 or lead-glaze1 0 employ$ by ! ,babylonians1 & ! k ( its composition 0 9 all probability import$ !nce among ! ,greeks1 & by !m may h be5 c>ri$ into ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,! c\rse ( enamel is equally difficult ( def9ition4 ,al?\gh us$ 9 ,egypt1 ,babylon1 & ,assyria1 x does n appe> to h supplant$ ! lead-glaze2 & = a long p]iod all traces ( x are lo/1 until x reappe>$ among ! ,arabs4 ,we next meet ) x z a di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( ! pott]ies ( ,spa94 ,x 0 also kn[n to ! ,s>ac5ic & ,moori% pott]s ( ,sicily1 & f ei!r ( ^! s\rces may h f\nd its way into ,italy4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,manufacture ,,& ,,decoration4 ,divisions ( ,*apt]4--,japanese ,me?od ( ,prep>+ ,porcela9 ,clay4--,old ,svres ,s(t ,porcela94--,pug-,mill4--,blung]4--,e>ly ,italian ,me?ods4--,%ap+ ! ,clay4--,m\ld+ among ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 ,italians1 & at ! ,pres5t ,day4--,m\ld+ ,porcela94--,japanese ,me?od4--,european4--,?r[+4--,! ,pott]'s ,:eel 9 all ,c\ntries4--,bak+ & ,fir+4--,egyptian1 ,greek1 ,italian1 & ,japanese ,kilns4--,^? ( ,mod]n ,europe & ,am]ica4--,times ( ,fir+4--,glaz+ & ,pa9t+4--,metallic-,lu/re ,majolica4--,japanese ,me?ods4--,glaz+ ,/one-w>e4--,natural & ,artificial ,porcela94 ,hav+ ?us glanc$ at ! diff]5t w>es1 & le>n$ ! composition ( ! lead+ k9ds ( pa/e & glaze1 ! att5tion is next attract$ by ! processes ( prep>+ ! mat]ials1 & ! diff]5t me?ods ( manufacture4 ,! levigation ( kaol9 & mak+ ( porcela9 h already be5 t\*$ ^u incid5tally4 ,! subject ( ! pres5t *apt] naturally divides itself into ! foll[+ heads3 ,prep>ation ( ! pa/e2 ,=m+ ! vessel to be made2 ,bak+ or fir+2 ,prep>ation ( ! glaze or enamel2 ,apply+ ! glaze or enamel2 ,lay+ on ! color & pa9t+4 ,to :at has be5 said ab\t ! prep>ation ( ,engli% & ,*9ese kaol9 pa/es1 little ne$ be add$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a peculi>ity ab\t ! ,japanese cu/om n unwor?y ( notice4 ,9 t c\ntry ! raw mat]ial1 :e!r kaol91 qu>tz1 or felsp>1 is r$uc$ to a p[d] by a horizontal balanc+ p\nd] ( primitive con/ruction1 & work$ by wat]-p[]4 ,two long beams are jo9$ toge!r at "o end by an iron-cas$ crossb>1 & a tr\gh is atta*$ to ! o!r4 ,?is frame is !n erect$ ne> a /ream1 s t ! wat] w fall into ! tr\gh4 ,! weight ( ! wat] c>ries ! tr\gh d[n1 & ! o!r end is rais$ to a correspond+ height4 ,:5 ! tr\gh has fall5 s f> t1 by reason ( ! slope1 ! wat] runs out & ?us takes (f ! weight at t end1 ! iron-%od beam at ! o!r desc5ds1 & fall+ into a /one mort> 9 :i* ! raw mat]ial has be5 plac$1 9 a v %ort "t pulv]izes x4 ,! above is ! only ma*9e employ$ by ! ,japanese4 ,aft] be+ pulv]iz$1 ! pa/e is sift$1 mix$ ) wat]1 & decant$1 & ! wat] is f9ally dra9$ (f ?r\gh matt+ & s&4 ,! f9e clay to be us$ 9 mak+ porcela9 is deposit$ on ! mat4 ,= ! old ,svres s(t porcela91 ! frit 0 cru%$1 cle>$ ( salts1 & gr\nd 9 wat]4 ,! pa/e 0 !n mix$ ) ! o!r +r$i5ts1 z previ\sly giv5 9 ! table4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--,v]tical ,pug-,mill1 9 use at ,union ,porcela9 ,works1 ,gre5po9t4 ,to prep>e clay = mak+ e>!n-w>e or /one-w>e1 ma*9es are n[ g5]ally us$4 ,t = ! co>s] k9d ( w>es1 su* z bricks or common /one-w>e j>s1 is a pug-mill 7,figs4 #ba & #bb74 ,! clay1 hav+ be5 br\ght by wat] to a c]ta9 workable consi/5cy1 is put into ! mill4 ,?is is simply a cyl9drical box1 ) blades project+ f ! inside1 & hav+ 9 ! c5tre a %aft also arm$ ) blades4 ,by ! revolv+ ( ! %aft ! clay is work$ into a p]fect pulp1 & 9 t condition issues f a hole 9 ! l[] end ( ! mill4 ,%\ld any h>d sub/ance h resi/$ ! knives1 x is remov$ by h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--;,horizontal ,pug-,mill1 9 use at ,union ,porcela9 ,works1 ,gre5po9t4 ,= ! f9] k9ds ( e>!n-w>e1 into ! composition ( :i* pipe-clay1 kaol91 qu>tz1 & felsp> ent]1 ! +r$i5ts are mix$ 9 a 8blung]40 ,?is ma*9e is n unlike a /eam butt] *urn1 !re be+ a %aft pass+ f end to end1 9 exactly ! same way1 & arm$ ) simil> paddles4 ,wat] is add$ to ! +r$i5ts1 &1 z ! blung] turns1 ^! are all ?or\ghly mix$ into a 8slip10 :i* is drawn (f at ! bottom4 ,x is !n /ra9$ & f9ally pass$ ?r\gh a pug-mill1 & is ready = use4 ,piccolpasso1 or ! ,cavali]e ,cipriano ,piccolpasso ,durant9o1 :o wrote 9 ,italy1 9 #aedh1 gives v m9ute in=mation reg>d+ ! processes ( ! pott]s ( 8 "t & c\ntry4 ,! clay 0 ei!r wa%$ d[n by riv]s or tak5 f pits4 ,9 ! =m] case x 0 tak5 f ! riv]-b$ :5 ! wat] 0 l[1 & 0 plac$ 9 holes 9 ! gr\nd1 ei!r aft] or )\t be+ dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,! object ( keep+ x 0 to all[ all impurities to pass (f4 ,:]e !re 7 no riv]s1 a s]ies ( pits 0 dug 9 any conv5i5t holl[1 & connect$ by a *annel4 ,! e>? 0 wa%$ d[n by ! ra9 into ^! pits1 & purifi$ by ! passage f "o to ano!r4 ,9 "s cases x 0 f\nd necess>y to place ! e>? on sieves expos$ to ! ra91 ?r\gh :i* ! f9] p>ticles 7 wa%$ into receiv]s plac$ bel[4 ,in/ead ( us+ a pug-mill1 ! ,italian pott]s put ! e>? ^u a table1 :]e x 0 beat5 ) an iron in/rum5t1 & ?or\ghly knead$ & clean$ by h&4 ,! next process is ! =mation or %ap+ ( ! vessel4 ,?is may be done ei!r by m\ld+ or by 8?r[+0 ^u ! pott]'s :eel4 ,bo? ( ^! me?ods are v anci5t4 ,! ,egyptians us$ m\lds 9 mak+ bricks be=e !y resort$ to ! use ( fire = bak+ !m4 ,_! lamps1 etc41 also give evid5ce ( hav+ be5 m\ld$4 ,! ,greeks us$ modell+ tools = _! ornam5ts1 & also = pi?oi1 or casks4 ,aft]w>d m\ld+ 0 resort$ to1 & by t means ! pott] made c]ta9 p>ts ( ! vases--! h&les & feet1 = example1 & also ! ornam5ts4 ,! entire vessel 0 sometimes produc$ by m\ld+1 su* z ! rhyta1 or dr9k+-cups1 ) t]m9ations 9 ! =m ( animals' heads4 ,amphor1 cups1 sauc]s1 & vases ( _m %apes 7 =m$ by ! same process4 ,we mu/ ref] to ,piccolpasso aga9 = ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,italian pott]s m\ld$4 ,l ! ,greeks1 !y appe> fir/ to h m\ld$ ! p>ts1 su* z ! h&les1 :i* 7 fix$ to ! body aft] x 0 fa%ion$4 ,!y !n1 aga9 l ! ,greeks1 began to imitate metal vessels1 & ?us 7 br\ght directly to ! process ( m\ld+ ^u _! models1 or %ap$ pieces ornam5t$ 9 relief4 ,! m\lds 7 made ( pla/] ( ,p>is1 &1 :5 ready1 ! clay 0 work$ into a cyl9drical %ape1 & slic$ by draw+ a wire across x4 ,! ?ickness ( ! slice 0 regulat$ & made uni=m by pieces ( wood plac$ at ei!r side ( ! lump ( clay4 ,a slice 0 !n tak5 & press$ into ! m\ld1 & ano!r = ! o!r side into ! o!r half ( ! m\ld4 ,any excess appe>+ ov] ! edges 0 cut away4 ,! feet 7 simil>ly m\ld$1 & subsequ5tly fix$ to ! body by means ( a composition ( clay & f9e wool cutt+s4 ,9 mak+ vases or ew]s1 m\lds 7 made = bo? sides1 & jo9$ at ! front & back4 ,a wire 0 us$ to cut (f ! sup]flu\s clay1 & ! two pieces 7 jo9$ toge!r ) ! composition above m5tion$4 ,! h&le 0 fa/5$ on by ! same means4 ,m\lds are at ! pres5t day us$ 9 e bran* ( ! art1 f ! l[e/ to ! highe/4 ,dra9-pipes are made 9 a cyl9drical m\ld1 ) a small] & solid cyl9d] inside4 ,! clay is press$ betwe5 ! two conc5tric cyl9d]s4 ,9 mak+ e>!n-w>e1 ! clay is sometimes roll$ out & spread ^u a block ( ! desir$ %ape4 ,9 mak+ plates1 ! clay is spread ov] a r\nd block1 & m\ld$ by a =m press$ d[n f above4 ,:5 pla/] ( ,p>is is us$1 ! process is v l t describ$ by ,piccolpasso4 ,! m\ld is 9 two p>ts1 into ea* ( :i* ! clay is press$4 ,! two pieces are !n br\ght toge!r1 & ! seams jo9$4 ,or a pla/] m\ld may be us$1 into :i* ! pa/e is p\r$ 9 a liquid /ate4 ,! absorption ( ! liquid by ! pla/] soon gives ! clay suffici5t consi/5cy to take ! necess>y %ape4 ,subsequ5t %r9kage all[s its removal f ! m\ld4 ,aft] a p>tial dry+1 ! w>e is dress$ or 8%av$40 ,! process is a v delicate "o1 especially 9 ! f9] k9ds ( w>e1 9 :i* a f9ely poli%$ surface is necess>y4 ,! piece is plac$ on a la!1 & cut to ! necess>y ?ickness1 & receives its ornam5tal l9es1 or has ! m\ld+s appli$4 ,! h&les are !n atta*$1 &1 aft] dry+1 ! piece is ready = ! kiln4 ,! m\ld+ ( porcela9 requires v great c>e1 on acc\nt ( ! fragility ( _m ( ! pieces4 ,9 ,japan1 clay m\lds 7 exclusively us$ until )9 ! pa/ ?ree ye>s4 ,aft] be+ ?r[n or m\ld$1 & slightly dri$1 ! pieces are %ap$ by means ( %>p metal in/rum5ts 9 ! same la! on :i* ! ?r[+ is done4 ,a coat ( pure :ite clay is !n laid on = ! purpose ( enhanc+ ! beauty & height5+ ! effect ( ! color4 ,?is hav+ be5 done1 ! piece is ready = ! prelim9>y fir+4 ,:5 l>ge pieces are made1 ! ,european me?od is to p\r ! necess>y ?ickness ( slip ov] ! inside ( ! m\ld1 aga9/ ! side ( :i* x is kept by means ( =c+ air into ! int]ior1 aft] cov]+ ! surface1 or exhau/+ ! air ?r\gh ! m\ld4 ,:5 suffici5tly dry to support its own weight1 ! piece is fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--;,a ,pott] 9 ,pale/9e4 ,! o!r me?od ( =m+ ! w>es is te*nically call$ 8?r[+0 ^u ! pott]'s :eel1 & is suitable = all circul> vessels1 or ^? ) modifications ( ! circul> %ape4 ,! process is v simple4 ,a piece ( clay1 l>ge or small1 z requir$1 is ?r[n d[n on ! revolv+ disk1 &1 z x :irls r\nd1 is =m$ by ! pott]'s h& into ! requisite %ape4 ,! pott]'s :eel is "o ( ! olde/ me*anical appliances 9 exi/5ce4 ,its inv5tion 0 due to ! desire ( rem$y+ ! irregul>ities ( h&iwork1 & z su* 0 a valuable & 9 e way wond]ful a*ievem5t4 ,x br\ght symmetry & all ! v>ieties ( circul> =m )9 ! pott]'s rea*4 ,its inv5tor is unkn[n4 ,! prehi/oric vases ( ,greece 7 made ^u ! :eel4 ,x 0 us$ 9 ,egypt at lea/ f\r ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,9 ,assyria1 & among ! ,jews1 its use is atte/$ by ! frequ5t ref]5ce made to x 9 ,scripture4 ,x is curi\s to f9d a mod]n travell]1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,?omson1 speak+ ?us 9 8,! ,l& & ! ,book0 ( ! pott] ( ,pale/9e4 8,i h be5 out on ! %ore aga9 exam9+ a native manufactory ( pott]y1 & 0 delight$ to f9d ! :ole ,biblical app>atus complete1 & 9 full op]ation4 ,!re 0 ! pott] sitt+ at 8 #8frame1' & turn+ ! #8:eel' ) 8 foot 7,fig4 #bc74 ,he _h a heap ( prep>$ clay ne> him1 & a pan ( wat] by 8 side4 ,tak+ a lump 9 8 h&1 he plac$ x on ! top ( ! :eel 7:i* revolves horizontally7 & smoo!d x into a l[ cone1 l ! upp] end ( a sug>-loaf2 !n1 ?ru/+ 8 ?umb into ! top ( x1 he op5$ a hole d[n ?r\gh ! c5tre1 & ?is he con/antly wid5$ by press+ ! edges ( ! revolv+ cone betwe5 8 h&s4 ,z x enl>g$ & became ?9n]1 he gave x :atev] %ape he pleas$ ) ! utmo/ ease & exp$ition40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4--;,an ,egyptian ,pott]y4 7,f a ,tomb47 a1 e1 i1 p1 ! :eels on :i* ! clay 0 put4 ,fig4 #a =ms ! inside & lip ( ! cup z x turns on ! :eel a4 b1 c1 d are cups already made4 ,fig4 #b =ms ! outside ( ! cup1 ind5t+ x ) ! h& at ! base1 prep>atory to its be+ tak5 (f4 ,fig4 #c has j tak5 (f ! cup f ! clay1 l4 ,fig4 #d puts on a fre% piece ( clay4 ,fig4 #e =ms a r\nd slab ( clay ) 8 two h&s4 ,fig4 #f /irs & prep>es ! ov51 q4 ,at s is ! fire1 :i* rises ?r\gh ! long1 n>r[ tube or *imney ( ! ov51 ^u ! top ( :i* ! cups are plac$ to bake1 z 9 v4 ,fig4 #g h&s ! cup to ! bak]1 #h4 ,fig4 #i c>ries away ! bak$ cups f ! ov54 ,! entire process ( mak+ clay vessels 9 ,egypt has be5 pres]v$ 9 a sc5e depict$ 9 a tomb 7,fig4 #bd74 ,! clay 0 fir/ trampl$ und]foot to give x ev5ness ( consi/5cy & make x m p]fectly pla/ic4 ,x 0 !n prep>$ = work+ by be+ roll$ out1 & 0 !n put on ! :eel4 ,! latt] 0 ei!r r\nd or polygonal & flat4 ,x 0 plac$ ^u a /&1 & 0 turn$ ) "o h&1 :ile ) ! o!r ! pott] %ap$ ! clay1 &1 z he work$1 sat ei!r ^u a l[ /ool or ^u ! gr\nd4 ,bo? ! holl[+ & ext]nal %ap+ 7 done by h&4 ,! furnaces 7 holl[ cyl9d]s1 ab\t six & a half feet high1 9 :i* ! w>es to be bak$ 7 plac$ ab\t half-way up4 ,an ap]ture at ! bottom admitt$ draught suffici5t to drive ! flames out ( ! top ( ! furnace4 ,among ! ,greeks ! :eel 0 also employ$ at a v e>ly p]iod1 s e>ly t its inv5tor or introduc] is =gott54 ,"o ( ! ,grecian leg5ds ascribes ! honor to ,ddalus1 an ,a!nian ( royal desc5t1 & inv5tor ( ! w$ge1 axe1 & o!r me*anical contrivances4 ,ano!r leg5d ascribes x to ,talos1 ! nephew ( ,ddalus1 ^: murd] compell$ ! latt] to seek safety 9 flight4 ,to :atev] individual or city ! cr$it may be due1 ! :eel 0 us$ by ,grecian pott]s f "t immemorial4 ,!y turn$ x ) ! foot--z did ! ,egyptians also at "o p]iod--& x appe>s t ! turn+ 0 sometimes left to an assi/ant4 ,! process 0 almo/ id5tical ) t describ$ above4 ,! clay 0 plac$ ^u ! :eel & %ap$ by ! h&1 & :5 ! vessel 0 ( s l>ge a size z to make x necess>y1 "o h& support$ & %ap$ ! clay f ! inside4 ,9 ?is way ! body ( ! vessel 0 made1 & be=e ! clay dri$1 ! feet1 h&les1 & o!r p>ts 7 fix$ to x4 ,be=e ! :eel 0 kn[n1 ! vessels 7 holl[$ out & %ap$ by ! h&1 & ! l>g] vessels 7 subsequ5tly made 9 ! same way4 ,x is said t ! pott]'s :eel 0 inv5t$ 9 ,japan1 9 ! ye> #gbd1 by a prie/ nam$ ,giyoki1 & ! ev5t at once rais$ ! pott]'s art into v high e/imation4 ,9 ,arita1 ! :eel consi/s ( a fly-:eel & revolv+ disk1 ! latt] plac$ ab\t a foot above ! =m]1 & connect$ ) x by a holl[ wood5 prismatic axle4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! work+ disk1 & betwe5 ! ?ree sides ( ! prism1 a holl[ piece ( porcela9 is ins]t$4 ,! :ole is !n plac$ ^u a po9t$ /ick fix$ firmly 9 ! gr\nd1 9 su* a way t ! entire weight is support$ ^u ! po9t ( ! upright wood4 ,z t po9t comes 9 contact ) ! ins]t$ porcela91 friction is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,vessels ( any size c be ?r[n 9 ?is way--f ! huge bas9 ?ree feet 9 diamet] to ! smalle/ "w :i* ! pott]'s h& has %ap$4 ,a driv+ cord is employ$ = turn+ ! :eel :5 v l>ge pieces are be+ made4 ,! ,italians ( ! sixte5? c5tury us$ ! :eel 9 ! same way1 fa%ion+ ! clay ) ! h&s & c]ta9 tools ( wood & iron 7,fig4 #be74 ,x w\ld ?us appe> t ! pott]'s :eel improv$ 9 due c\rse ( "t4 ,at fir/ x 0 m]ely a horizontal revolv+ disk turn$ by h&2 !n x consi/$ ( a ?ree-feet %aft ) ! disk on ! top1 & a driv+-:eel bel[ to be turn$ by ! pott]'s foot2 lat] /ill1 x 0 turn$ by means ( a foot-bo>d1 l t ( a turn+-la! or pr9t+-press2 aft]w>d ! driv+-:eel 0 sep>at$ f ! disk :i* x turn$ by means ( a connect+ rope or b&1 & 0 work$ by an assi/ant2 m rec5tly1 /eam has be5 br\ght 9 to ! sav+ ( labor1 & 9 _m l>ge factories is ! *ief p[] us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--,v5etian ,pott]s ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,%[+ two k9ds ( pott]'s :eels 9 use among !m4 7,f engrav+ by ,v4 ,bir+uccio47 ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to add t :5 ?r[+ 0 resort$ to 9 place ( m\ld+1 ! subsequ5t op]ations ( %av+1 poli%+1 & atta*+ ! h&les & ornam5ts 7 p]=m$ 9 ! same mann] z t describ$ above4 ,we n[ rea* ! ?ird process1 t ( bak+ or fir+4 ,sun-dri$ bricks h be5 f\nd 9 ne>ly e "p ( ! _w4 ,!y 7 introduc$ into ,spa9 by ! ,arabs1 & 9 ! ,new ,_w h be5 f\nd f ,mexico to ,p]u4 ,9 ,egypt !y repres5t ! e>lie/ works ( ! pott]2 & f t c\ntry1 ,assyria1 & ,babylonia1 relics ( ! rude/ /age ( ! art ( work+ 9 clay h rea*$ our own "t4 ,! climate ( ,egypt 0 su* t unbak$ bricks 7 suffici5tly la/+ = ar*itectural purposes1 & walls1 tombs1 & entire pyramids 7 con/ruct$ ( !m4 ,! use ( sun-dri$ clay 0 re/rict$ 9 ,assyria to bricks & small figures ( an app>5tly religi\s "*4 ,9 ,babylon1 z 9 ,assyria1 simil> bricks 7 us$ z f\ndations = build+s4 ,among ! ,greeks sun-dri$ clay 0 widely employ$4 ,_m ( _! temples & ! walls ( "s ( _! =tifi$ cities 7 con/ruct$ ( bricks dri$ 9 ! sun4 ,ev5 /atues & models 7 made ( unbak$ clay4 ,! k9d ( furnace 9 use among ! ,egyptians at a v e>ly p]iod has already be5 describ$4 ,no remnant ( ^? us$ by ! ,greeks has be5 discov]$1 & all ! in=mation reg>d+ !m has be5 d]iv$ f repres5tations on pott]y or gems4 ,a tol]ably correct idea ( ! m anci5t ones may be convey$ by describ+ !m z tall bak]'s ov5s1 into :i* ! w>es 7 pu%$ & bak$ l loaves4 ,!re are sev]al vases n[ 9 exi/5ce ^u :i* furnaces ( ?is k9d are depict$4 ,a kylix f ,vulci1 & n[ at ,muni*1 is rem>kable = ! sc5e depict$ on x4 ,"o ( ! epigrammata ( ,hom]1 entitl$ #8 --8,! ,furnace10 has be5 translat$ by ,c[p]4 ,! explanatory preface is attribut$ to ,h]odotus4 8,c]ta9 pott]s1 :ile !y 7 busi$ 9 bak+ _! w>e1 see+ ,hom] at a small di/ance1 & hav+ he>d mu* said ( 8 wisdom1 call$ to him1 & promis$ him a pres5t ( _! commodity--& ( su* o!r ?+s z !y c\ld af=d--if he w\ld s+ to !m1 :5 he sang z foll[s3 8#8,pay me my price1 pott]s6 & ,i w s+4 ,att5d1 ,o ,pallas6 & ) lift$ arm ,protect _! ov53 let ! cups & all ,! sacr$ vessels black5 well1 &1 bak$ ,) good success1 yield !m bo? fair r5[n ,& pr(it1 :e!r 9 ! m>ket sold ,or /reets1 & let no /rife ensue betwe5 u4 ,b1 ,o ye pott]s6 if ) %ameless front ,ye falsify y\r promise1 !n ,i leave ,no mis*ief un9vok$ to av5ge ! wrong4 ,come1 ,syntrips1 ,sm>agdus1 ,sabactes1 come1 ,& ,asbe/us2 nor let y\r dire/ dread ,omodamus delay6 ,fire seize y\r h\se6 ,may nei!r h\se nor ve/ibule escape6 ,may ye lam5t to see confusion m> ,& m+le ! :ole labor ( y\r h&s6 ,& may a s\nd fill all y\r ov51 su* ,z ( a horse gr9d+ 8 prov5d]1 ,:ile all y\r pots & flagons b\nce )94 ,come hi!r also daught] ( ! ,sun1 ,circe1 ! sorc]ess1 & ) ?y drugs ,poison !mselves1 & all t !y h made6 ,come also ,*iron1 ) ?y num]\s troop ,( ,c5taurs1 z well ^? :o di$ b5ea? ,! club ( ,h]cules1 z :o escap$1 ,& /amp _! crock]y to du/6 ,d[n fall ,_! *imney6 ,let !m see x ) _! eyes1 ,& h[l to see ! ru9 ( _! art1 ,:ile ,i rejoice3 & if a pott] /oop ,to peep into 8 furnace1 may ! fire ,fla% 9 8 face & scor* x1 t all m5 ,obs]ve !nce=? equity & good fai?4'0 ,! sc5e on ! kylix at ,muni* is suppos$ to repres5t ,hom] among ! pott]s4 ,! furnace is on ! extreme "r1 & has a tall *imney4 ,! fire is se5 bel[4 ,9 front ( x is a man :o has app>5tly be5 plac+ a vase 9 ! ov51 & beh9d him comes ano!r c>ry+ :at may be a l>ge j> on 8 %\ld]4 ,! next figure is t ( ,hom]1 hold+ a /aff2 beh9d him is a vase1 & a y\? c>ry+ ano!r vessel t[>d ! furnace4 ,! next gr\p %[s ! op]ation ( 8?r[+10 a boy turn+ ! :eel :ile an old man %apes ! vessel4 ,on ! left is a "y man sitt+ & hold+ on 8 knees a vase to :i* he seems to be atta*+ ! h&le4 ,! entire composition is int]e/+1 s9ce--assum+ ! old man ) ! crook to be ,hom]1 & n ! proprietor ( ! pott]y--x illu/rates a poem :i* %[s h[ widely1 ev5 at ! e>ly age 9 :i* ! poet liv$1 ! v>i\s op]ations 9 mak+ vases 7 und]/ood4 ,= our pres5t purpose1 h[ev]1 att5tion is *iefly direct$ to ! furnace4 ,! furnaces describ$ by ,piccolpasso z 9 use among ! ,italians 7 ( ?ree k9ds1 "o = oxidiz+ ! t9 & lead1 a second = bak+ glaz$ w>e1 & a ?ird = majolica prop]1 or lu/r$ w>e4 ,9 ! fir/ ! furnace 0 rectangul>1 & 0 divid$ into two p>ts1 "o ( :i* 0 occupi$ by ! fire1 ! o!r by ! tray = ! metals4 ,! latt] 0 rais$ to su* a height t ! flames c\ld play ^u ! metals z !y pass$ ov] !m to ! op5+ at ! o!r side4 ,! bak+ furnace 0 also rectangul>1 & 0 built ( brick4 ,x 0 divid$ by a p]=at$ ar* into an upp] & l[] comp>tm5t4 ,9 ! upp] division ! w>es 7 plac$4 ,x _h f\r op5+s on ei!r side & n9e 9 ! ro(4 ,"u ! l[] *amb] 0 ! a%-pit1 & ea* *amb] _h a door at "o end4 ,at ,ca/el-,durante ! usual dim5sions ( a furnace 7 six feet 9 height & l5g?1 & five 9 wid?4 ,at ,v5ice _! dim5sions 7 sometimes d\ble ^? above /at$4 ,! w>es 7 arrang$ accord+ to _! quality4 ,segg>s--circul> or oval cases ( infusible fire-clay1 bottom$1 b )\t cov]s1 & p]=at$--7 us$ = ^? ( f9e quality4 ,! segg>s1 :i* may be se5 pil$ "o above ano!r 9 ,fig4 #bh & on ! l[] "r h& ( ,fig4 #bi1 7 plac$ z 9 ! fir/ ( ^! engrav+s1 ! bottom ( ! "o above act+ z a lid to t next bel[2 & ! co>s] w>es 7 arrang$ 9 r[s betwe5 ! piles ( segg>s4 ,! op5+s hav+ be5 p>tially clos$1 ! fire 0 appli$ bel[1 & kept up = ab\t twelve h\rs1 :5 ! fir/ fir+ 0 f9i%$4 ,! majolica furnace w be describ$ h]eaft]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--;,common ,pott]y ,kiln4 ,among ! ,japanese ! kilns are arrang$ 9 a peculi> mann]4 ,t 9 :i* ! fir/ fir+ is done is a small furnace1 us$ only previ\s to ! pa9t+4 ,! oxide ( cobalt1 :i* is m ext5sively employ$ ?an any o!r1 is laid ^u ! :ite clay coat+1 & ! piece is !n glaz$1 usually 9 a comp\nd ( felspa? & wood-a%es4 ,! second fir+ !n takes place4 ,! kilns are built 9 t]rac$ r[s ( f f\r to tw5ty1 & rise ab\t ?ree feet above ea* o!r1 gr[+ l>g] 9 size z !y ext5d up ! hill4 ,! gr\nd-plan is trapezoidal1 & ! walls rise v]tically = a few feet1 & are !n r\nd$ (f into an ar*4 ,! front wall1 look+ t[>d ! l[] end ( ! r[1 is pi]c$ ) holes ne> ! gr\nd1 & o!rs are made 9 ! back wall at ab\t ?ree feet above ! gr\nd1 s z to op5 directly ^u ! floor ( ! next kiln above4 ,! draught 9 ?is way ru%es ?r\gh ! entire r[ t[>d ! *imneys beh9d ! l>ge/ & upp]mo/ kiln4 ,! fuel is ?r[n directly into ! kiln1 & n into a fireplace4 ,x is arrang$ along ! l[] side 9 a n>r[ space divid$ f ! re/ ( ! kiln by fire-clay slabs set upright4 ,! fire beg9s 9 a furnace atta*$ to ! l[e/ kiln4 ,! hot air ru%es ?r\gh ! air-holes into ! next kiln1 :i* is ?us heat$ be=e its own fir+ beg9s1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! entire range1 ! kilns fur!/ up ! l9e hav+ ?us to /& ! highe/ temp]ature4 ,ea* "o has ! b5efit ( ! heat ( all ! l[] ones4 ,! ,japanese d n make any ext5sive use ( segg>s4 ,to keep ! pieces free f du/ or fall+ p>ticles ( ! vault1 ! inside ( ea* kiln is glaz$ be=e ! fir+ beg9s4 ,! pieces are plac$ "o above ano!r ^u fire-clay /&s4 ,! small kilns = ! prelim9>y fir+ are 9 ! pott]'s y>d1 b ! kilns above describ$ belong to ! community1 & are r5t$ to ! manufactur]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4--;,h>d ,pott]y ,kiln4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4--,porcela9 ,kiln4 ,! kilns 9 use 9 ,am]ica & ,europe v>y v mu* 9 %ape4 ,m4 ,brongni>t gives repres5tations ( ?ree--t = common pott]y 7,fig4 #bf71 t = h>d pott]y 7,fig4 #bg71 & t = porcela9 7,fig4 #bh74 ,^? us$ 9 ,engl& (t5 take ! %ape ( a l[1 vault$ *amb]1 ) ! fire at "o end1 ! *imney at ! o!r1 & ! fir+ *amb] betwe54 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! usual %ape = bo? e>!n-w>e & /one-w>e is conical1 n unlike a ball-c>tridge4 ,! common pott]y kiln is divid$1 by means ( bak$ plates1 into cells1 9 :i* ! w>es are plac$4 ,! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* !y are kept 9 ! furnace v>ies accord+ to ! nature ( ! w>e4 ,x may be tw5ty-f\r h\rs or1 z 9 ! case ( f9e /one-w>e1 sev]al days4 ,= "s w>es1 segg>s are us$ 9 place ( ! op5 cells2 & ! arrangem5t ( ! segg>s may be se5 9 ! porcela9 kiln4 ,:51 9 ! case ( non-vitrify+ e>!n-w>e1 a comb9ation ( fir+ & glaz+ 9 "o op]ation is n practicable1 ! w>e is kept at a :ite-heat = ab\t ?irty-six h\rs2 & on ! kiln cool+1 ! pieces !n kn[n z 8biscuit0 are remov$ = glaz+4 ,?is op]ation consi/s ( dipp+ x into ! glaze1 compos$ z previ\sly m5tion$1 gr\nd to a p[d]1 & mix$ ) wat] until ( ! "r consi/5cy4 ,! second fir+ melts ! glaze1 & cov]s ! surface ) a ?91 transp>5t coat+4 ,! ,italian pott]s gradually increas$ ! heat = f\r h\rs1 & all[$ ! w>e to rema9 at a :ite-heat = twelve h\rs1 & !n to cool4 ,porcela9 is fir$ accord+ to its composition4 ,= ,engli% porcela91 ! fir/ fir+ la/s ab\t fifty h\rs2 ! second fir+1 aft] ! glaze is appli$1 la/s ab\t tw5ty h\rs or less1 at a l[] temp]ature4 ,s(t-pa/e or artificial ,fr5* porcela9 takes f eighty to a hundr$ h\rs = ! fir/1 & ?irty = ! second1 fir+4 ,! greate/ caution is dem&$ 9 plac+ ! pieces 9 ! segg>s & 9 regulat+ ! heat4 ,! *ief peculi>ity ab\t ! mak+ ( porcela9 is t ! glaze fluxes ) ! pa/e1 & =ms1 ) x1 a transluc5t :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--;,broome's ,improv$ ,porcela9 or ,p>ian ,kiln4 ,a1 a%-pit2 ,g1 grate2 ,f ,f1 flues2 ,b ,b1 bags = ! flames2 ,d1 door = fill+ ! kiln2 ,e1 damp]1 or draught regulator2 ,s ,s ,s1 spy-holes = wat*+1 or trials :ile burn+4 ,mr4 ,isaac ,broome1 ( ,tr5ton1 has inv5t$ a new kiln1 ( :i* an engrav+ is "h giv5 7,fig4 #bi74 ,an equal di/ribution & p]fect regulation ( ! heat are ! features :i* comm5d x to att5tion4 ,v little m ne$ be said "h ab\t ! prep>ation & application ( ! glaze1 & t little c be includ$ 9 :at requires to be add$ ab\t ! lay+ on ( ! colors4 ,! ,italians work$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! biscuit hav+ be5 dipp$ 9 ! enamel ba?1 0 all[$ to dry1 & 0 !n pa9t$ & aga9 dri$4 ,! piece 0 !n dipp$ 9 ! transp>5t glaze1 &1 hav+ be5 = a ?ird "t dri$1 0 ready = ! f9al fir+4 ,piccolpasso gives mu* m9ute in/ruction reg>d+ ! prep>ation ( ! colors & mann] ( pa9t+1 :i* mu/ "h be omitt$4 ,:at he says ab\t pa9t+ majolica1 or lu/r$ w>e1 is1 h[ev]1 int]e/+4 ,! p>ts to receive ! metallic-lu/re pigm5t 7 sket*$ 9 outl9e1 & left :ite :5 ! o!r colors 7 appli$4 ,aft] ! piece 0 fir$ ! lu/re pigm5ts 7 laid on1 & ! piece 0 aga9 plac$ 9 ! kiln4 ,= ?is purpose a special kiln 0 necess>y4 ,x 0 built ) a squ>e fire *amb] int]sect$ by two ar*es1 on :i* 0 plac$ a circul> *amb] l>ge en\gh to t\* ! f\r sides ( ! squ>e kiln1 b necess>ily leav+ ! f\r corn]s uncov]$4 ,?is *amb] 0 p]=at$ 9 all directions1 9 ord] to admit ! flames to direct contact ) ! w>es4 ,dry will[ bran*es 7 us$ = ! fir/ ?ree h\rs1 & !n dry broom 0 ?r[n on ! fire1 :i* 0 kept up = ano!r h\r4 ,! kiln hav+ cool$1 ! pieces 7 remov$1 soak$ 9 soap-&-wat]1 wa%$1 rubb$ dry ) flannel1 & !n poli%$ ) wood-a% & flannel4 ,! object ( ! process is obvi\s4 ,! flames be+ all[$ to play directly ^u ! w>es1 ! c>bon 9 ! smoke decompos$ ! salts conta9$ 9 ! metallic oxide1 & ! metal 0 left glitt]+ & iridesc5t ^u ! surface4 ,! ,japanese porcela9 pa9t$ "u ! glaze ) ! oxide ( cobalt has be5 already describ$4 ,o!r qualities are pa9t$ ov] ! glaze ) color$ enamels made f glass 7or silica1 li?>ge1 & nitre7 & :ite-lead4 ,! color+ oxides are gold = c>m9e1 copp]1 antimony1 manganese1 r$ oxide ( iron1 & oxide ( cobalt4 ,^! are mix$ & appli$ directly by ! pa9t] )\t any previ\s prep>ation1 s t ! colors d n %[ !mselves until br\ght out by ! fire4 ,! me?od ( decoration is peculi>4 ,! design is fir/ sket*$ 9 black l9es1 ) /rokes = ! %ades4 ,:5 ! enamel colors are opaque1 !y are laid on ?9ly2 :5 transluc5t or resembl+ color$ glass1 s t ! design appe>s "u1 !y are laid on m ?ickly4 ,occasionally a :ite opaque enamel--b conta9+ no admixture ( t9--is fir/ appli$1 & ! colors are laid ^u x4 ,/one-w>e is v seldom glaz$ by a 8dip40 ,! usual me?od is to comb9e ! fir+ & glaz+4 ,:5 ! w>e has be5 expos$ to ! maximum heat = ! necess>y "t1 salt is ?r[n into ! kiln4 ,! heat vaporizes ! salt1 & ( its con/itu5t p>ts "o1 ! *lor9e1 escapes2 :ile ! o!r1 ! soda1 is1 on com+ 9 contact ) ! silex 9 ! r$-hot w>e1 =m$ into a silicate ( soda1 a p]fectly transp>5t & int5sely h>d glaze4 ,9 reg>d to ! colors1 ! only ones n[ kn[n :i* w be> ! fir/ fir+--c\leurs de gr& feu--& are !re=e put on be=e glaz+1 are blue f cobalt1 br[ns f iron1 manganese1 & *romate ( iron1 gre5 f *rome1 & yell[s f titanium & uranium4 ,betwe5 ^! & ! m delicate c\leurs de m\fle1 or enamel colors1 are violets1 r$s1 & br[ns f manganese1 copp]1 & iron1 :i* are designat$ z c\leurs au demi gr& feu4 ,beyond ^!1 ! colors us$ 9 decorat+ h>d or natural porcela9 are laid on ! glaze1 to :i* !y adh]e )\t incorporat+ !mselves4 ,! great difficulties att5d+ ! manufacture ( porcela9 may n[ be e/imat$4 ,! piece mu/ pass ?r\gh ! kiln z _m times z !re are colors requir+ diff]5t temp]atures4 ,too mu* heat w blot out ! delicate colors1 too little w leave !m dull4 ,^? on artificial or s(t porcela9 s9k into ! glaze1 & ?us pres5t a s(tness & creamy delicacy nev] se5 on any o!r k9d ( w>e4 ,! results are g5]ally a suffici5t rew>d = ! difficulty ( ! process4 ,?is is altoge!r exceptional 9 ! case ( pate t5dre4 ,z its alkal9e +r$i5ts volatilize at a c]ta9 heat1 ! fire mu/ be /opp$ be=e t temp]ature is rea*$4 ,! glaze1 also alkal9e1 is !n appli$ 9 ! =m ( du/1 & n1 z ) h>d porcela91 9 ! =m ( a dip4 ,! second fir+ melts ! glaze4 ,if ! heat be too /rong1 ! alkalies w fly (f2 if too weak1 ! surface w be unev54 ,= a ?ird "t ! same dang] is incurr$1 :5 ! fir+ = fix+ ! colors takes place4 ,,book ,,ii4--,,! ,,ori5t4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,egypt4 ,! ,ea/ ! ,cradle ( ,art4--,! ,antiquity ( ,egypt3 ,its ,claim to ,notice 9 e ,bran* ( ,inquiry4--,! ,f\nta9s ( ,ori5tal & ,greek ,art4--,! ,nile ,clay4--,egypt's ,e>ly ,maturity4--,limitation ( ,mat]ial4--,effect ( ,religion ^u ,art4--,two ,p]iods 9 ,art ,hi/ory4--,anci5t ,religion4--,v>i\s ,symbols4--,,unglaz$ ,,pott]y--,sun-dri$3 ,bricks4--,m\lds1 ,/amps1 etc4--,vessels4--,bak$ ,w>e3 ,its ,e>ly ,date4--,color ( ,vessels & ,bricks4--,c(f9s4--,cones4--,figures4--, sepul*ral ,vases4--,amphor & o!r ,vessels4--,decoration4--,grco-,egyptian ,pott]y4--,,glaz$ ,,w>e1 miscall$ ,porcela93 ,its ,nature1 & h[ ,color$4--,wall ,tiles4--,inlay+ ( ,mummy ,cases4--,p]sonal ,ornam5ts4--,images4--,beads1 etc4--,vases4--,b[ls4--,glaz$ ,s*i/4--,/annif]\s ,enamel4 ,to ! ,ori5t we look = ! bir?place ( man1 & 9 x we also f9d ! cradle ( ,art4 ,h[ x spread ea/w>d to ,*9a & we/w>d to ,egypt1 we may n be able1 ) precise accuracy1 to tell2 b ?is we "k1 t 9 & betwe5 ^! two c\ntries ! c]amic art _h be5 c>ri$ to a l(ty em95ce long be=e ,europe _h awak5$ f b>b>ic slumb]4 ,we/]n hi/ory 01 9 fact1 sc>cely beg9n+1 :5 ,ea/]n civilization 0 9 "o direction fad+1 & 9 ano!r 0 tott]+ to its fall4 ,9 beg9n+ ) ,egypt1 ! mo/ anci5t relics ( primitive art pass fir/ 9 review4 ,to t wond]ful c\ntry1 long hidd5 "u a ?ick cl\d ( my/]y1 we mu/1 9 fact1 fir/ turn1 no matt] :at may be ! subject dem&+ inve/igation4 ,x _h rea*$ antiquity be=e ! olde/ c\ntries ( ! ,we/ 7 born4 ,9 ! c]amic art1 x appe>s z ! c5tre f :i* radiat$ ! two great bran*es1 _m c5turies aft]w>d conv]g+ 9 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,on ! "o h& is ! silici\s-glaz$ pott]y1 :i*1 aft] mov+ ea/w>d1 rea*$ ,europe 9 a slightly alt]$ =m2 on ! o!r is ! glaz$ & unglaz$ t]ra-cotta1 :i* ! ,greeks took up & c>ri$ =w>d to a new & high] p]fection4 ,egypt ?us appe>s z ! f\nta9-head ( anci5t art4 ,! progress x made t[>d comp>ative p]fection w be h]eaft] ref]r$ to4 ,meantime x may be po9t$ out1 t1 :ile =tunate 9 "o respect1 ,egypt 0 un=tunate 9 ano!r4 ,! banks ( ! ,nile gave a nev]-fail+ supply ( pure & pla/ic clay1 admirably suit$ to all ! purposes ( ! pott]4 ,:5 ! p]iodical inundations took place1 !y left a deposit ( exceptionally pure silt ext5d+ f ! banks ( ! riv] to ! fur!/ m>g9 ( ! flood4 ,! mat]ial 0 ?us ready to ! pott]'s h&4 ,! c\nt] disadvantage 0 ! abs5ce ( ! mat]ials requir$ = ! f9e/ w>e1 or _! pres5ce 9 su* =m z sc>cely to sugge/ _! comb9ation4 ,! ,egyptians appe> to h c>ri$ _! c]amic art to a full developm5t at a v remote /age ( _! hi/ory1 or1 9 o!r words1 !y soon arriv$ at ! po9t beyond :i* !y nev] pass$4 ,! limitation laid ^u !m 0 t ( mat]ial4 ,! result ( ?is is %[n by ! o!r directions 9 :i* _! art bran*$ (f4 ,x seem$ impossible to accompli% any?+ 9 clay to vie ) ! preci\s metals & /ones4 ,= purposes ( ornam5t1 !re=e1 clay 0 disc>d$4 ,x 0 work$ by slaves 7,fig4 #cj71 & fa%ion$ into dome/ic vessels & bricks2 & :5 ! ne>e/ approa* to porcela9 0 made1 !n only d we meet ) ornam5tal works1 or ^? ( a m /rictly arti/ic "*4 ,_! religion also appe>s to h dead5$ _! ambition to rea* a high] excell5ce4 ,!re 7 two p]iods 9 _! art hi/ory4 ,9 /udy+ ! works belong+ to ! fir/1 ! obs]v] w frequ5tly be impress$ by ! desire ev9c$ to foll[ ! =ms (f]$ by nature = imitation4 ,su* is ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( :at may be call$ ! fir/ s*ool4 ,x aim$ at ! reproduction ( natural =ms 9 ! mo/ lit]al mann]4 ,aft]w>d1 :5 ! emblematic s*ool took its rise1 ! =ms 7 /ill ^? ( nature1 ) a religi\s or spiritual significance sup]add$4 ,! idea is evid5tly fatal to art1 t x c climb to no?+ high] ?an ! figure symbolical ( a god4 ,9 _! ef=ts t[>d ! production ( :at 0 graceful & beautiful1 ! ,egyptians are n1 h[ev]1 to be despis$4 ,be=e =eign influ5ces made !mselves felt1 ! ,egyptian =ms 7 simple1 & frequ5tly display$ ideas ( beauty :i*1 if rud] ?an ^? ( ! ,greeks1 are indep5d5t4 ,! ,egyptians 7 necess>ily orig9al4 ,!y _h no pr$ecessors ^: works !y c\ld copy2 & 9 appeal+ to nature = models1 !y took ! only c\rse op5 to !m4 ,f _! orig9ality ! ,greeks borr[$ & improv$ ^u _! models1 & x is 9 ?is view ( its be+ a />t+-po9t = subsequ5t art t ,egyptian pott]y dem&s c>eful /udy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--;,=eign ,captives mak+ ,bricks 9 ,egypt4 #a1 ,man return+ f c>ry+ load2 #b1 #g1 & #aj c>ry ! clay1 aft] x has be5 dug by #i1 #aa1 #ab1 & #ac1 & ?r[ x d[n at #g & j1 = ! brickmak]s1 #h & #af2 #d & #e c>ry !m away to ! dry+-place or furnace2 #c & #f are taskma/]s2 #ad & #ae are c>ry+ wat] f ! tank1 h4 ,at c & a are inscriptions to ! effect t ! bricks 7 s made = ! ,temple ( ,amun-,ra1 at ,!bes4 ,x is indisp5sable1 9 ord] to und]/& ! highe/ =ms ( ! art 9 ,egypt1 t some?+ %\ld be kn[n ( its religion4 ,9 t /range l& we f9d an answ]--possibly ! fir/--to ! "q1 8,! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 ! seas1 ! hills1 & ! pla9s-- ,are n ^!1 ,o s\l1 ! vision ( ,him :o reigns80 ,accord+ to ,buns51 8! my?ological sy/em proce$$ f #8! conceal$ god1' ,ammon1 to ! creat+ god4 ,! latt] appe>s fir/ ( all z ! g5]ative p[] ( nature 9 ! ,phallic god ,khem1 :o is aft]w>d m]g$ into ,ammon-ra4 ,!n sprung up ! idea ( a creative p[] 9 ,kneph4 ,he =ms ! limbs ( ,osiris 7! primitive s\l7 9 contradi/9ction to ,ptah1 :o1 z ! /rictly demiurgic pr9ciple1 =ms ! visible _w4 ,nei? is ! creative pr9ciple z nature repres5t$ "u a female =m4 ,f9ally h] son1 ,ra ,helios1 appe>s z ! la/ ( ! s]ies 9 ! "* ( fa!r & n\ri%] ( t]re/rial ?+s4 ,x is he :om an anci5t monum5t repres5ts z ! demiurgic pr9ciple creat+ ! mundane egg40 ,at ! head ( ?is ,pan!on /&s ,ammon1 ! conceal$ & invisible4 ,! o!r figures are p]sonifications ( 8 attributes1 & appe> z sep>ate & individual gods4 ,9 ord] to make ! !ogony intelligible to ! p1 ^! gods are repres5t$ by symbols4 ,!re is ?us a regul> gradation f ! symbol to ! div9e attribute1 & !nce to ! ,unkn[n ,greate/4 ,x is ! sublimity ( paganism1 pres5t+ u ) "o god c>ry+ on ! inf9ite works ( ! univ]se by means ( 8 v>i\s attributes4 ,! symbols 7 *os5 f nature1 & are g5]ally expressive1 if n always dignifi$4 ,fir/ly1 z to ! symbols prop]1 ! lotus & sc>abu may be m5tion$ z ( mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! =m]1 ! sacr$ fl[]1 is (t5 met ) 9 connection ) ! figures ( ! div9ities1 & symbolizes ! b5efic5ce ( nature's revivify+ p[]s1 wat] & heat4 ,! sc>abu 7,fig4 #ca7 is ! symbol ( creation1 & :5 repres5t$ ) out-spread w+s1 ( immortality4 ,x may appe> s+ul> t a loa?some insect %\ld ?us h be5 honor$1 b ! explanation is simple4 ,x is to be f\nd 9 ! habits ( ! insect itself4 ,plac+ its egg 9 a ball1 x buri$ ! latt] 9 ! s&1 :]e x 0 hat*$ by ! rays ( ! sun1 & ! ball op5+ ) ! break+ ( ! egg1 ! "y insect appe>$4 ,x 0 to ! ,egyptian a p]fect symbol ( creation1 & h5ce ( ! creative god ,ph?a4 ,:5 f\nd ) out/ret*$ w+s1 x is an ornam5t ( ! dead1 & symbolizes ! app>5t circuit ( ! sun sett+ at night to rise 9 ! morn+4 ,?us ! sun ( life sets 9 dea? to reappe> 9 immortality1 z ! sc>abu1 "u ! influ5ce ( its div9e w>m?1 breaks f its egg into insect life4 ,! sun 0 ! symbol ( ,ra1 ! sun-god1 8! fa!r & n\ri%] ( t]re/rial ?+s40 ,9 repres5t+ ! gods1 ! figures select$ 7 to a great ext5t arbitr>y4 ,! ,egyptians honor$ !mselves by discov]+ t 9 ! humble/ =m ( nature !re 0 some?+ wor?y ( honor4 ,!y accord+ly took ! plants & animals ( _! l& & wove !m into _! religion1 by adopt+ a sy/em ( natural symbols too intricate to be "h giv5 9 detail4 ,! foll[+ may1 h[ev]1 be f\nd useful3 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--,sc>abu4 ,d>k-blue ,glaz$ ,pott]y4 7,way ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! vulture 0 ! symbol ( div9e mat]nity1 because ?\ght to conceive spontane\sly2 & h5ce ,s\van1 ! "m ( all1 is repres5t$ ) a vulture's head4 ,?is s+le in/ance furni%es a key to ! sy/em4 ,! symbol is *os5 :i* mo/ ne>ly repres5ts ! pr9ciple1 & ?us becomes a "p ( ! embodi$ =m ( ! deity possess+ ! pr9ciple z 8 or h] peculi> attribute4 ,! dog & jackal 7 emblems ( ,anubis1 ! gu>dian ( ! tombs1 & ! deity presid+ ov] embalmm5t4 ,! sc>abu 0 ! emblem ( ! demiurgic god ,ph?a4 ,! lion 0 also ! emblem ( ,ph?a & ( ! goddess ,pa%t4 ,cynocephali 7 emblems ( ,*\s & ,?o?4 ,?r\gh\t ! entire sy/em1 ! birds1 fi%es1 l& animals1 & plants ( ,egypt1 ! hawk1 vulture1 ibis1 uri snakes1 ! cat1 pig1 c[1 & s on1 are all us$ z symbols4 ,x w be suffici5t n[ to glance at ! conv]se1 & note ! =ms "u :i* ! deities are repres5t$4 ,ra1 ! sun-god1 appe>s ) ! head ( a hawk2 ,a?or1 ! ,egyptian ,v5us1 ) horns & e>s ( a c[2 ,anubis ) head ( a jackal2 ,?o? ) head ( an ibis2 ,amun-ra1 a man ) sol> disk on head1 & plum$2 ,mut1 ! "m goddess1 cr[n$2 ,*\s1 s\ ( ,amun-ra & ,mut1 ) moon disk1 occasionally hawk-head$2 ,ph?a ) sc>abu on head1 sometimes ) two heads1 "o ( :i* is t ( a hawk2 ,pa%t1 ,ba/1 & ,tafne are all lion-head$ goddesses2 ,h] has a lion's head2 ,taur appe>s z a hippopotamus2 ,osiris sits en?ron$ ) ! cap ( tru?1 & holds a /aff & sc\rge2 ,isis1 l ! ,roman ,luna or ,diana1 appe>s 9 two =ms1 sitt+ z a t]re/rial goddess1 suckl+ ,horus or kneel+1 or sitt+ 9 h] cele/ial "*1 ) disk & horns1 nurs+ h] son ,horus4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--;,egyptian ,gods4 7,way ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,we are n[ 9 a position to give names to ! gr\p 7,fig4 #cb71 ea* piece 9 :i* is ( ! blue or gre5 glaz$ pott]y to be notic$ h]eaft]4 ,x may be said1 h[ev]1 t no engrav+ c\ld give an idea ( ! exquisite f9i% ( ^! pieces1 especially ( ! two 9 ! middle4 ,! l[] c5tral figure is ! plum$ ,amun4 ,x is turquoise-blue1 & is "o & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 height4 ,! upp] c5tral figure is ! lion-head$ ,pa%t1 surm\nt$ by ! sol> disk & ! asp4 ,to ! left is ibis-head$ ,?o?1 a flat figure int5d$ to be sewn into a mummy cov]+4 ,on ! "r are ,isis & ,nep?ys1 ) ,horus betwe5 !m4 ,f ! comb9ation ( symbols1 ! /udy ( ! my?ology ( ! ,egyptians z f\nd illu/rat$ on _! pott]y is ( deep int]e/1 & ( great importance bo? to ! c]ami/ & ! /ud5t ( ! sci5ce ( religion4 ,! c]amic productions ( ,egypt are divisible into two great classes1 unglaz$ & glaz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--;,e>!n-w>e ,vessels f\nd at ,!bes4 ,,unglaz$ ,,pott]y4--,?is may aga9 be divid$ into ! unbak$1 or sun-dri$1 & bak$4 ,( ^! ! =m] is unque/ionably ! m anci5t1 & ,egypt is "o ( ! ?ree c\ntries ^: sun-dri$ pott]y has la/$ until ! pres5t "t4 ,unbak$ bricks are ! olde/ examples4 ,"s ( ^? discov]$ recall ! bondage & wrongs ( ! ,israelites "u ! 8new k+ ov] ,egypt :i* knew n ,joseph40 ,! comm& ( ,ph>aoh w be rememb]$3 8,ye %all no m give ! p /raw to make brick z h]et(ore2 let !m g & ga!r /raw = !mselves40 ,! /raw 0 us$ to b9d !m toge!r4 ,!y 7 m\ld$ g5]ally 9 a rectangul> %ape1 & 7 ext5sively us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( pyramids ( v>i\s ages4 ,!y v>y 9 size 9 diff]5t edifices1 & are m>k$ accord+ to _! composition or de/9$ use4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! m>ks 7 us$ m]ely to di/+ui% ! quality2 9 ! latt]1 ! m>ks indicate ei!r ! individual's tomb 9 ! con/ruction ( :i* !y 7 to be employ$1 or ! k+ 9 ^: reign !y 7 made = public build+s4 ,! :ole process c be /udi$ 9 ! engrav+ 7,fig4 #cj74 ,! /amp = bricks 0 n us$ until ! fifte5? c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! vessels ( unbak$ clay :i* h be5 pres]v$ are few 9 numb]1 & are ei!r religi\s 9 "*1 or devot$ to sepul*ral uses4 ,! ornam5tation is ( ! simple/ k9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--,r$ ,pott]y ,cone4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--;,fi%-%ap$ ,vase ( ,r$ ,t]ra-cotta4 ,egyptian4 7,briti% ,museum47 ,egypt 0 exceptionally favor$ by nature = advanc+ 9 ! pott]'s art4 ,! ,nile mud 0 abundant & pla/ic1 & 0 suitable = ei!r m\ld+ or ?r[+4 ,specim5s ( bak$ e>!n-w>e 7,fig4 #cc7 h accord+ly be5 f\nd belong+ to a v remote p]iod4 ,!y repres5t ! second /ep 9 ! manufacture1 :i* 0 rea*$ ne>ly ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e our era4 ,f ! tombs ( t p]iod h be5 exhum$ vessels ( v>i\s k9ds1 su* z 7 employ$ by ! ,egyptians 9 _! h\seholds2 & tak+ ^! z a />t+-po9t1 ! art c be trac$ to its decl9e "u import$ ideas & =eign dom9ation4 ,?is w>e is mo/ly ( a dull r$ color1 v]g+ at times t[>d purple or yell[1 accord+ to ! temp]ature at :i* x 0 bak$4 ,! bak$ bricks 7 ( ! same r$ color4 ,!y 7 us$1 app>5tly1 = purposes = :i* ! less la/+ unbak$ bricks 7 n suitable1 b 7 n g5]ally employ$4 ,( ! same mat]ial c(f9s1 al?\gh r>e1 h also be5 f\nd4 ,_m ( ! objects connect$ ) ! ,egyptian cu/oms reg>d+ ! burial ( ! dead 7 made ( ?is clay4 ,among ^! 7 ! cones 7,fig4 #cd71 ) inscriptions 9 hi]oglyphics /amp$ on ! base1 & giv+ ! "n ( ! deceas$4 ,!y indicate ! re/+-places ( _m civil & ecclesia/ical function>ies--cl]ks or scribes1 prie/s1 *amb]la9s1 soldi]s1 & seldom ( wom54 ,!y appe> to h fall5 into desuetude 9 ! six? c5tury be=e our era4 ,figures h also be5 f\nd 9 ! sepul*res ( a lat] p]iod4 ,! vases = hold+ ! entrails ( ! embalm$ dead 7 ( ! same w>e1 & br+ up = notice a v s+ul> cu/om4 ,! visc]a 7 divid$ into f\r p>ts1 & deposit$ 9 sep>ate j>s hav+ ! %apes ( ! g5ii ( ! ,egyptian ,hades1 ,amset1 ,hapi1 ,tuautmutf1 & ,kebhsnuf4 ,! ibis mummy pots belong to ! same class4 ,!y 7 us$ = hold+ ! embalm$ body ( ! sacr$ bird1 & are v frequ5tly ( a conical %ape1 ) a slightly convex lid4 ,( dome/ic vases 9 ?is w>e1 ! %apes & uses are v num]\s4 ,great numb]s h be5 f\nd 9 ! tombs1 v>y+ z mu* 9 size z 9 purpose4 ,! latt] may (t5 be div9$ f ! %ape ( ! vessel3 ?us ^? = liquids are wide-m\!d = conv5i5ce 9 draw+ ! cont5ts2 ^? = bread & fle%-meats are wid] & m %all[4 ,o9tm5t pots & oil j>s are also fa%ion$ 9 view ( _! respective purposes4 ,ano!r k9d ( unglaz$ w>e is ( a light gray color1 & 0 common to ,egypt & "s ( ! c\ntries ( ,asia4 ,amphor h be5 f\nd ( ?is mat]ial1 ) long bodies ornam5t$ ) horizontal grooves4 ,( ^! ! l>g] ones appe> to h be5 int5d$ = liquids1 & ! small] ones1 "s ( :i* are v dim9utive1 = solids4 ,! bases ( ! =m] are po9t$1 :ile ^? ( ! latt] are occasionally r\nd$4 ,! h&les are bo? small & l>ge1 & ! necks op5 or contract$1 accord+ to _! use4 ,^! are well des]v+ ( notice = ! sake ( comp>ison ) ! amphor ( ! ,greeks2 & = ! same reason ref]5ce may be made to ! vessels ) ?ree h&les1 :i* 7 9 all probability ! prototypes ( ! ,greek hydrai1 & to o!rs ) only "o h&le1 :i* 7 also reproduc$ 9 ,greece4 ,! =m] are v frequ5tly oval-bodi$1 & ! position ( ! h&le is arbitr>y4 ,! latt] 7 jugs ( v>i\s %apes1 ) po9t$ bases4 ,! fur!r we come d[n1 ! m di/9ct become ! pro(s ( ,egypt's hav+ suppli$ models to ! ,grecian pott]s4 ,x w\ld be impossible to specify all ! %apes1 b ref]5ce may be made to ^? ) h&le ar*+ ! top f side to side1 & ( s small a size t !y are ?\ght to h be5 us$ by *ildr5 z toys4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--;,egyptian ,r$-poli%$ ,t]ra-cotta4 ,! l>g] vessels1 :i* answ]$ all ! purposes ( a mod]n meat-safe1 h no h&le1 & h ! usual po9t$ base = fix+ !m upright 9 ! floor ( ! cell>4 ,!y tap] gradually f ! base upw>d1 until _! greate/ gir? is rea*$1 :5 !y curve m sudd5ly inw>d to a %ort neck4 ,f ^! ! =ms v>y ?r\gh ! int]m$iate %apes ( oval j>s1 bottles ) long necks1 & n>r[ oil vases1 to wide b[ls or di%es & plates4 ,ref]5ce 0 made 9 ! introduction to ! multitud9\s purposes to :i* clay vessels 7 put by ! ,egyptians4 ,!y us$ _! w>e 9 _m ways :i* to u appe> v primitive & /range--= /or+ all mann] ( eatables & dr9kables1 = cook+ & smelt+4 ,9 fact1 :atev] "o may ?9k ( _! ideas ( beauty 9 pott]y1 !re c be no d\bt t !y took a v wide view ( its inf9ite usefulness4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--;,egyptian ,r$-poli%$ ,t]ra-cotta ,bottle4 7,briti% ,mus47 ,decoration ( a simple k9d is occasionally f\nd on bo? dome/ic & sepul*ral vessels4 ,color$ b&s 7 ! usual ornam5t1 & v r>ely ! entire body 0 pa9t$ ) a gr\nd color ^u :i* b&s 7 laid1 & ! :ole 0 !n v>ni%$4 ,x is r>ely t a leaf or lotus fl[] is f\nd4 ,! use ( v>ni% po9ts to a /ep 9 advance4 ,x has n yet be5 det]m9$ :e!r x is really v>ni% or a glaze appli$ by fir+1 b 9 ei!r case x is f\nd ^u ! f9] & h>d] k9ds ( w>e4 ,! body color is black1 br[n1 or r$1 ( diff]5t %ades 7,fig4 #cf74 ,to ?is class belong ! s+le & d\ble cruses1 g5]ally ( pale r$ pa/e1 b sometimes black1 us$ app>5tly = hold+ oil or o9tm5t4 ,! be/ examples ( poli%$ w>e are r$4 ,!y %[ bo? ornam5tation ( a high] ord] & m arti/ic %apes ?an ! o!rs4 ,! %ape ( "o ( ^! vases resembles ! goddess ,isis suckl+ ,horus1 9 ! attitude previ\sly m5tion$2 ano!r is 9 ! =m ( a woman play+ ^u a /r+$ in/rum5t 7,fig4 #cg72 a ?ird is %ap$ l a fi%2 & _m dome/ic vessels1 cups1 jugs1 & vases are ( ! same mat]ial4 ,! ,grco-,egyptian pott]y =ms a di/9ct class1 diff]+ 9 pa/e1 color1 & decoration4 ,! outside %[s v>y+ %ades ( gray & r$1 & ! ornam5tation consi/s ( l9es & animal & floral =ms1 9 colors capable ( /&+ ! kiln4 ,at ! same p]iod 0 introduc$ ! cu/om ( mak+ writ+ tablets ( ?is w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--;,glaz$ ,pott]y ,vase4 ,egyptian4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4--;,egyptian ,sc>abi us$ z ,signets4 ,av]age1 in* 9 l5g?4 ,pale & d>k gre54 7,way ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4--;,egyptian ,pectoral ,tablets4 7,way ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,,glaz$ ,,w>e4--,leav+ ! unglaz$ & poli%$ w>es1 !re yet falls to be consid]$ t ) an und\bt$ glaze1 to :i* belong ! mo/ arti/ic works ( ! ,egyptian pott]s4 ,?is is ! w>e :i* has be5 miscall$ porcela9 7,fig4 #ch72 & z ! unglaz$ w>e 0 nev] employ$ = purely ornam5tal purposes1 s we f9d ! glaz$ seldom us$ = dome/ic vessels4 ,contr>y to :at might be expect$1 specim5s h be5 f\nd z old z ! ,six? ,dyna/y1 or ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! w>e is n at all close 9 texture1 & ! silici\s glaze 0 color$ by metallic oxides1 ( ! prop]ties ( :i* ! ,egyptians _h an intimate k4 ,*ief among ! colors ?us produc$ are ! blue & gre51 exemplifi$ 9 "s ( ! f9e/ relics ( ,egyptian art4 ,_! beauty is occasionally v rem>kable1 & l$ to _! be+ highly valu$ bo? by ! ,egyptians & o!rs1 & to ! w>e itself be+ appli$ to special purposes ( ornam5tation4 ,x is f\nd1 = example1 9 ! =m ( tiles z a wall decoration1 & z a mat]ial = inlay+4 ,tiles ) figures 9 relief1 hav+ p>ts su* z ! hair1 be>d1 eyes1 or extremities inlaid ) glaz$ w>e1 are among ! mo/ curi\s specim5s discov]$4 ,deta*$ be>ds are n unlike spirally ribb$ hose4 ,c(f9s1 or mummy cases1 are simil>ly inlaid4 ,! =ms ! glaz$ pott]y assumes1 :5 employ$ = ?is purpose & = figures to be atta*$ to o!r sub/ances1 are v num]\s4 ,! m\ld$ ornam5ts & amulets ( bo? ! liv+ & ! dead 7 mo/ frequ5tly ( ! same mat]ial4 ,^! take ! %ape ( f+] & e> r+s 7,fig4 #ci71 small images ( ! gods & ( _! symbols1 & v>i\s o!r ornam5ts1 su* z bracelets1 necklaces1 & hairp9s4 ,! nature ( ! pa/e leads to ! belief t ^! 7 m g5]ally devot$ to sepul*ral purposes1 ) a religi\s significance1 ?an to any o!r4 ,all ! m9ute beads1 9 a net-"w ( :i* ! dead 7 (t5 encas$1 & also ! pectoral or brea/plates1 7 ( ?is mat]ial 7,fig4 #dj74 ,9 ! l[] specim51 ,ra is repres5t$ by ! sc>ab4 ,9 ! b>ge1 on ei!r side1 are ,isis & ,nep?ys4 ,?is tablet be>s ! inscription1 8,he t is wor?y goes ov] 9 ! b>ge ( ,ra40 ,( ! upp] specim5 only "o-half is pres]v$1 %[+ ! figure ( ,isis4 ,9 ! holl[ c5tre has be5 a sc>ab1 probably ( jasp]1 & 9 ! bord]s color$ /ones or glass h be5 set4 ,! l[] bord] consi/s ( a s]ies ( lotus fl[]s1 & ! wavy l9es repres5t ! wat] 9 :i* !y gr[4 ,above 0 ! w+$ disk ( ! sun4 ,figures ( ! gods & goddesses & _! emblems1 & sacr$ animals & plants1 :i* 7 deposit$ ) ! dead1 af=d "s ( ! mo/ exquisite examples ( ,egyptian glaz$ pott]y4 ,! images h ei!r a p]=at$ upright support beh9d1 or are o!rwise p]=at$ = atta*m5t to ! necklaces ( ! mummies4 ,! sc>abu is v (t5 met ) on ! brea/plates4 ,all ^! symbols & images 7 employ$ = ! suppos$ b5efit ( ! dead1 ei!r to save !m f evil1 or z a direct means ( br++ good1 & c only be und]/ood ?r\gh an acqua9tance ) my?ology4 ,r+s ( v>i\s colors appe> prop]ly to belong to ! same category ( ornam5ts ( ! dead4 ,o!r sepul*ral figures 7 deposit$ ) ! deceas$1 besides ^? ( ! protect+ gods4 ,^! 7 suppos$ to aid ! dep>t$ 9 8 labors 9 ! future /ate1 & are inv>iably small repres5tations ( a mummi$ figure1 p>tially cov]$ ) hi]oglyphics4 ,l _m ( ! o!r figures & objects1 !y are g5]ally ( ! beautiful ,egyptian blue4 ,9 ! example 7,fig4 #da7 giv5 on ! foll[+ page1 ! figure ( a bird ) human head1 appe>s ^u ! brea/4 ,x is an emblem ( ! s\l leav+ or return+ to ! body4 ,! m usual =m is t se5 9 ! c5tral figure 9 ! engrav+ 7,fig4 #db71 ) long be>d1 a pickaxe & hoe 9 ei!r h&1 & hav+ a cord 9 ! "r h& :i* is cross$ to ! left1 & all[s ! cord to pass ov] ! left %\ld]4 ,at ! end ( ?is cord is a bag or basket1 :i* is fa9tly disc]nible on ! %\ld] ( ! figure on ! "r4 ,! hi]oglyphics are passages f ! ,ritual1 9 compliance ) :i* ^! figures 7 made4 ,balls1 draughtsm51 & toys 7 also made ( glaz$ pott]y4 ,all ! figures & ornam5ts to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made 7 turn$ out ( m\lds1 ! friability ( ! pa/e n p]mitt+ its be+ ?r[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4--;,egyptian ,mummy ,figure4 ,/yle1 ,x,i,xth ,dyna/y4 7,way ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,= ! same reason ! glaz$ vases are dim9utive1 b (t5 v beautiful1 & int5d$ = purely ornam5tal purposes4 ,!y are ( diff]5t %apes & sizes1 g5]ally a few in*es 9 height1 & "s ( !m illu/rate ! peculi> ideas ent]ta9$ by ! ,egyptians ( p]sonal beauty4 ,"o ( _! cu/oms 0 t ( d>k5+ ! eyes ) a black p[d]1 sometimes held 9 a small case resembl+ a s]ies ( re$s4 ,! toilet is o!rwise repres5t$ by a v>iety ( boxes1 j>s1 bottles1 small vases1 & oil flasks4 ,! latt] are unique1 & sometimes elegant 9 %ape1 & supply good examples ( ! gre5i% glaz$-w>e to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made4 ,_m ( ! b[ls evid5tly us$ by ! weal?y are ( a f9] & clos] pa/e1 & be> v *>act]i/ic ornam5tation ( fl[]s1 fi%1 hi]oglyphics1 or ( l9es only4 ,_! uses c only be conjectur$ f _! %apes4 ,! inscriptions sometimes po9t to _! own]s1 & at o!rs to ! place ( fabrication4 ,! ,egyptians also resort$ to a process ( glaz+ vases1 figures1 r+s1 & o!r articles = :i* pott]y 0 usually employ$1 made ( a v>iety ( h>d s*i/s4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 z n be+ prop]ly pott]'s w>e1 are "h pass$ ov]4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! ,egyptians did n c>ry ! art to a v high po9t4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 successful 9 creat+ a =eign dem& = ! productions ( _! pott]ies4 ,f discov]ies made 9 ,ea/]n ,greece1 ,n9eveh1 & else:]e1 x w\ld appe> t ! f9e pott]y ornam5ts ( ,egypt 7 9 consid]able repute 9 neighbor+ c\ntries2 &1 z we %all h]eaft] see1 ,egypt contribut$ its full %>e to ! fur!rance ( ! art by supply+ sugge/ions & models4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4--;,egyptian ,mummy ,figures4 ,blue or ,gre5i%-blue ,enamell$ ,pott]y4 7,way ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,"o important matt] rema9s to be dispos$ (4 ,x has long be5 a subject ( d\bt :e!r or n ,egypt possess$ ! secret ( /annif]\s enamel4 ,x has be5 already intimat$ t ! discov]y ( ! use ( t9 = a pott]y enamel is due to ei!r t c\ntry or ,assyria4 ,! honor may probably be ascrib$ to ,egypt4 ,9 ! loan collection ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,new ,york is a fragm5t 7,fig4 #dc7 ( a vase exhibit$ 9 ! ,egyptian section1 & ref]able to a v remote antiquity1 cov]$ ) :at is app>5tly t9 enamel1 be>+ purple decorations4 ,%\ld ?is be ! case1 !n ?is solit>y fragm5t w settle ! matt]1 & we mu/ believe t ! ,egyptians possess$ ?is secret ( ! art f\r ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,9 t ev5t1 ! ,assyrians probably acquir$ x f ,egypt4 ,! fact supplies u ) ! means ( arriv+ at a v cle> idea ( ! gr& antiquity ( t civilization "u :i* a valuable art 0 practis$1 to :i* ,europe 0 a /rang] = m ?an ?ree ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s aft]w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4--;,fragm5t ) ,:ite ,enamel4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,x is1 z we h se51 long s9ce ! art purely its own rea*$ its culm9ation4 ,! ,egypt ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 ?is respect sc>cely sugge/s t ( ! ,pyramids4 ,if we 7 to take t c\ntry z x appe>$ at ! ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 we w\ld h>dly be prep>$ to look ^u its c]amic products z ^? ( a c\ntry 9 :i* ! art has be5 practis$ = f\r ?\s& ye>s4 ,a few pieces exhibit$ 7 ( light1 slate-color$ body1 unglaz$1 & s brittle t doz5s 7 brok5 9 transit4 ,! ornam5tation 0 laid on ! b>e surface1 & 01 z a rule1 bright to ! v]ge ( gaud9ess4 ,! great] portion ( ! pa9t+ 0 ! "w ( an ,italian arti/ resid5t 9 ,cairo4 ,"s ( ! r$ t]ra-cotta 0 m satisfactory2 b all t c be said 9 favor ( ei!r k9d is t x 01 9 its way1 *>act]i/ically ,egyptian4 ,"o specim5 ( pale gre5 8porcela90 0 s5t by ! ,museum at ,cairo4 ,! la/ is m5tion$ because x repres5t$ ! f>!/ po9t :i* ! ,egyptians rea*$ on ! way t[>d a true porcela94 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,assyria ,,& ,,babylonia4 ,possible ,priority to ,egyptian ,pott]y4--,simil>ity betwe5 ,assyrian & ,egyptian4--,! ,c\rse foll[$ by bo? ,arts4--,unbak$ ,bricks4--,bak$ ,bricks4--,writ+ ,tablets4--,seals4--,vases4--,t]ra-cotta s4--,porcela94--,glaz+ & ,enamell+4--,t94--,color$ ,enamels4--,babylonian ,bricks4--,glazes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4--,pott]y f\nd 9 ! ,tombs above ! ,palaces ( ,nimr\d4 ,al?\gh we h tak5 ,egypt z our />t+-po9t1 !re may h be5 a pott]y antec$5t to t we h consid]$4 ,look+ f>!r ea/ = ! cradle ( ! human race1 k & art may h spread ea/ & we/ f ! ,euphrates1 ! great riv] ( ,babylon4 ,egypt hav+ be5 fir/ inhabit$ by settl]s w&]+ f ! prov9ce ( :i* t city became ! capital1 :o f\nd 9 ! ,nile a riv] resembl+1 9 _m respects1 t :i* !y _h left1 ^! coloni/s may h c>ri$ ) !m "s k ( ! uses ( clay4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is beyond "q t ! olde/ pott]y ( :i* ! age is kn[n is ,egyptian1 & t ! k acquir$ f ! ,ea/ 0 return$ ) int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4--,t]ra-cotta ,assyrian ,v5us4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4--;,assyrian ,cyl9d]1 inscrib$ ) ! ,records ( a ,k+'s ,reign4 7,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4--;,inscrib$ ,seal4 7,assyrian47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4--,seal ( ,sabaco & ,s5na*]ib4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4--;,impression ( ,sabaco's ,seal1 enl>g$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4--;,back ( ,assyrian ,seal1 %[+ ,m>ks ( ,f+]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4--;,fragm5t 9 ,porcela9 7874 7,nimr\d47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4--;,box 9 ,porcela9 7874 7,nimr\d47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4--;,enamell$ ,brick4 7,l\vre47 ,assyria & ,babylonia are almo/ necess>ily consid]$ 9 conjunction4 ,! latt] hav+ be5 a prov9ce ( ,assyria prior to its ass]tion ( indep5d5ce1 we anticipate1 :at is actually ! case1 a close simil>ity betwe5 ! c]amic productions ( ! two c\ntries4 ,9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( _! pott]y1 we n only discov] _m po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 x & t ( ,egypt1 b advance along an exactly p>allel l9e4 ,f sun-dri$ bricks we pass to burnt bricks1 !nce to unglaz$ pott]y possess$ ( an arti/ic "*1 !nce aga9 to glaz$ specim5s & enamel4 ,9 bo? c\ntries unbak$ bricks 7 made use ( 9 ! con/ruction ( m\nd-l f\ndations = build+s4 ,walls1 h\ses1 & tombs 7 built ( simil> mat]ials4 ,9 ,assyria1 bricks 7 sometimes fac$ ) m>ble1 ei!r ext]nally1 = ! sake ( /r5g?1 or to give great] beauty to an int]ior4 ,"s 7 gild$ & o!rs color$4 ,small figures ( bo? bak$ & unbak$ clay1 & ( a religi\s "*1 7 also made by ! ,assyrians 7,fig4 #de74 ,f ! /amp$ & bak$ bricks mu* has be5 le>n$ ( ,assyrian hi/ory & topography1 ! sites ( cities & names ( k+s hav+ be5 ?us discov]$ or sub/antiat$4 ,by ! same p writ+ tablets ( rectangul>1 cyl9drical1 or prismatic %apes 7 v commonly made ( t]ra-cotta 7,fig4 #df74 ,!y =m a v curi\s remnant ( anci5t lit]ature1 :i*1 ?anks to ! inde/ructibility ( ! mat]ial ^u :i* x 0 writt51 is /ill op5 to ! /udy ( ! hi/orian4 ,all k9ds ( records h ?us be5 pres]v$--religi\s1 legal1 & a/ronomical4 ,! ,assyrians & ,egyptians bo? us$ seals 7,figs4 #dg1 #dh1 #di1 & #ej7 ( bak$ & unbak$ clay1 9 ! same way t wax seals are /ill occasionally app5d$ or atta*$ to docum5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4--;,babylonian ,bak$ ,brick1 ) ,nebu*adnezz>'s ,"n4 ,twelve in*es squ>e1 ?ree in*es ?ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4--,! ,mnjellib1 or ,kasr4 ,%[+ brickwork4 ,_m ( ! vases discov]$ 9 ! ru9$ cities ( ,assyria are cle>ly to be attribut$ to =eign occupants1 & are !re=e ( comp>atively late date4 ,to ?is class belong _m ( ! c9]>y urns exhum$ f ! tombs4 ,anci5t & really ,assyrian vessels h be5 discov]$ ( a pale br[n clay 7,fig4 #dd71 unglaz$1 & ( v>i\s %apes1 b seldom pa9t$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 difficult1 9 _m cases1 to discov] ! nationality ( ! pott] or ! age ( ! piece4 ,( t]ra-cotta figures ( ! gods1 sev]al h be5 f\nd1 al?\gh ^! mu/ h exi/$ 9 f> great] numb]s4 ,porcela91 or f9e glaz$ pott]y 7,figs4 #ea1 #eb71 is r>ely met )1 & ! specim5s f\nd are inf]ior to ! ,egyptian4 ,! sev]al uses ( ! w>e appe> to h be5 ! same 9 ! two c\ntries4 ,= a k ( glaz+ & enamell+1 ! ,assyrians 7 9 all likelihood indebt$ to ! ,egyptians4 ,bricks subject$ to ^! processes1 & ornam5t$ ) fl[]s1 leaves1 & animals1 7 employ$ 9 decorat+ int]iors & ev5 9 build+ walls 7,fig4 #ec74 ,^! bricks reveal ! fact t ! ,assyrians 7 aw>e ( ! peculi> suitabl5ess ( t9 = mak+ a :ite enamel4 ,! o!r enamels employ$ 7 yell[1 br[n1 blue1 & gre51 & 7 produc$ f metals almo/ id5tical ) ^? employ$ by ! ,egyptians4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4--,t]ra-cotta ,tablet1 f ,babylon4 7,briti% ,museum47 ,l ! ,assyrian & ,egyptian1 ! ,babylonian bricks1 :e!r unbak$ or bak$1 7 m\ld$1 & ! latt] 7 /amp$4 ,hundr$s ( ^! 7,fig4 #ed7 be> ! /amp ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! sites :]e !y 7 f\nd indicat+ ) tol]able exactness ! b\nds ( 8 k+dom4 ,! ext5sive use ( bricks by ! ,babylonians may be tak5 z *>act]i/ic ( a p inhabit+ ! c\ntry :]e ! ,t[] ( ,babel 0 built 7,fig4 #ee74 ,9 _m respects ! vessels f\nd 9 ,babylonia resemble ^? ( ,assyria1 s closely1 9 fact1 t !y ne$ n "h be sep>ately treat$4 ,z 9 ! latt] c\ntry1 ! ,babylonians us$ t]ra-cotta writ+ tablets4 ,sev]al t]ra-cotta bas-reliefs h be5 discov]$1 ( "o ( ! m rem>kable examples ( :i*1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 we give ! prec$+ engrav+ 7,fig4 #ef74 ,?is tablet 0 f\nd ne> ,babylon4 ,! dog is ( ! huge ,?ibet bre$1 & bo? figures h be5 modell$4 ,! small size ( ! pieces w\ld almo/ preclude _! use z ornam5ts2 & ,dr4 ,bir* v5tures ! conjecture t !y may h be5 an arti/'s /udies = l>g] works4 ,! f9e pa/e is ! same z t us$ = ! writ+ cyl9d]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4--,ram 9 ,bak$ ,clay1 f ,niff]4 ,9 reg>d to ! e>!n-w>e vessels & figures1 ! same difficulty 9 det]m9+ _! age is enc\nt]$ "h t 0 met ) 9 ,assyria4 ,!y h be5 tak5 f ! m\nds 9 l>ge quantities4 ,to ?is class belongs ! ram 7,fig4 #eg7 f\nd at ,niff]1 on ! suppos$ site ( anci5t ,babylon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4--;,glaz$ ,c(f9s1 f ,w>ka4 ,! ,babylonian glazes resemble ! ,assyrian1 & x may be p>ticul>ly m5tion$ t ! oxide ( t9 0 employ$ 9 mak+ enamel4 ,^! glazes are f\nd ^u bo? bricks & vases1 & 7 appli$ ext5sively to ar*itectural decoration4 ,at ,w>ka1 id5tifi$ ) ! anci5t ,ur ( ! ,*aldees1 ?\s&s ( c(f9s made ( glaz$ w>e h be5 exhum$1 v>i\sly decorat$ ) figures4 ,( ^! "o specim5 is giv5 7,fig4 #eh74 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,jud,a4 ,art ,d]iv$ f ,egypt4--,nev] ,rea*$ any ,em95ce4--,pref]5ce = ,metals4--,frequ5t ,allusions 9 ,scripture4--,b\ght ,e>!n-w>e f ,phnicia & ,egypt4--,home ,manufacture4--,decoration4--,necessity = ,di/+ui%+ betwe5 ,home & ,=eign ,w>es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4--;,e>!n-w>e ,j>s & ,wat]-pots4 ,we n[ turn we/w>d to ,juda1 9 ord] t1 be=e p5etrat+ f>!r into ,asia & to ! extreme ,ea/1 we may glance at a c\ntry %[+ 9 its c]amic rema9s unmi/akable signs ( ,egyptian tea*+1 b ex]cis+ 9 its turn no recognizable influ5ce ^u ! art :i* f all sides ( x 0 diffus$ ov] ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,! art nev] rea*$ any em95ce among ! ,jews4 ,!y pref]r$ ! ri*] beauty ( ! preci\s metals4 ,pott]s did1 no d\bt1 exi/ among !m 9 consid]able numb]s1 & 7 acqua9t$ ) ! diff]5t processes ( ?r[+1 fir+1 & glaz+2 b ! =mation ( su* a guild z t ( :i* ,scripture speaks is n ( itself a pro( t ! occupation 0 held 9 high e/eem4 ,! few relics :i* c be ascrib$ to a purely ,jewi% orig9 might be pass$ ov] z immat]ial to obs]v]s ( ! progress ( ! art1 7 x n t ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to ! l& once call$ t ( ,promise1 & n[ designat$ by all ,*ri/5dom z ,holy1 possesses an int]e/ altoge!r indep5d5t ( its arti/ic m]it4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4--,t]ra-cotta ,lamps & ,oil ,vessels4 ,= su* e>!n-w>e vessels z !y requir$1 ! ,jews appe> to h appli$ on ! "o h& to ! ,phnicians1 & on ! o!r to ! ,egyptians4 ,! manufacture among !mselves 0 re/rict$ to dome/ic articles4 ,^! resemble ! ,egyptian 9 bo? /yle & f9i%1 ! body be+ ( a some:at co>se pa/e1 & ! glaze ( t peculi> k9d :i* is h>dly di/+ui%able f v>ni% or me*anical poli%4 ,a fragm5t n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 ( blue-glaz$ e>!n-w>e1 resembl+ ! f9] w>e ( ,egypt1 & f\nd 9 ,juda1 fur!r sub/antiates ! close simil>ity betwe5 ! pott]y ( ! ,jordan & t ( ! ,nile4 ,9 ornam5tation1 h[ev]1 ! ,israelites h "s claim to orig9ality & indep5d5ce4 ,associat+ ! lotus1 papyrus1 & ! symbols ( ,egypt ) idolatry1 ! ,jewi% pott]s sub/itut$ grapes1 leaves1 & pomegranates4 ,9 ! description ( ! build+ ( ! ,temple1 9 ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,k+s1 ! decoration )9 ! oracle ( 8c>v$ figures ( *]ubim & palm-trees & op5 fl[]s10 0 repeat$ on ! walls & doors2 & on ! *apit]s ( ! pill>s made by ,hiram ( ,tyre 7 long r[s ( pomegranates4 ,a simil> /yle ( ornam5tation 0 adopt$ by ! pott]s4 ,we h already se5 t bo? ,egyptian & ,phnician w>es 7 import$ into ! c\ntry1 & 9 addition to ^! !re h be5 f\nd at ,j]usalem & else:]e sev]al examples ( ! r$ ,roman1 or ,samian w>e4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,india ,,& ,,c5tral ,,asia4 ,my/]y ,surr\nd+ ,p4--,hi/ory ( its ,art 9 great measure ,unkn[n4--,que/ions ( its ,exi/5ce & ,orig9ality4--,h[ !y ,arose4--,! ,brahm9s4--,geographical ,position4--,views ( ,e>ly ,travell]s4--,lat] ,inve/igations4--,m ,anci5t ,pott]y4--,clay ,us$4--,k ( ,glaz+3 ,its ,application to ,ar*itecture4--,glaz$ ,bricks4--,t]ra-cotta4--,*ronological ,arrangem5t4--,porcela93 ,its ,decoration4--,use ( ,gold4--,siam4 ,! antiquity claim$ = ! ,h9doos z a p _c1 un=tunately1 be elucidat$ ei!r by ! help ( su* *ronicles z ! granite records ( ,egypt1 ! t]ra-cotta tablets ( ,babylon1 or ! writ+s ( ,*9a4 ,! hi/ory ( ,indian art has be5 surr\nd$ by a m or less imp5etrable my/]y4 ,two que/ions accord+ly arise z to its c]amic productions3 fir/ly1 ,did ,india possess any k ( ! pla/ic art8 secondly--t "q hav+ be5 answ]$ 9 ! affirmative--,0 x orig9al or borr[$8 ,^! d\bts1 9 all probability1 arose f ! success ( ! ,brahm9ical endeavors to inve/ e bran* ( ,h9doo k ) a veil ( secrecy1 & f ! geographical position ( ,h9do/an4 ,occupy+ a p59sula ab\t half-way on ! r\te by sea betwe5 ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,europe1 x became ! recogniz$ m>t = ! ex*ange ( m]cantile commodities4 ,european trad]s f\nd 9 x a conv5i5t halt+-place1 ev5 be=e !y fully realiz$ its actual comm]cial importance4 ,simil>ly1 on ! nor?1 x int]cept$ a portion ( ! ov]l& traffic1 & ultimately became ! c5tre t[>d :i* gravitat$ ! productions ( ,p]sia & ,arabia on ! we/1 & ( ,*9a & ,japan on ! ea/4 ,travell]s :o did n /op to exam9e ?+s v closely1 accord+ly decl>$ ,india a /rang] to c]amic art4 ,recogniz+ its importance z an ex*ange1 f ! abundance ( imports f abroad1 !y did n pi]ce ! comm]cial conditions :i* hid its productiv5ess & orig9ality4 ,lat] rese>*es h %[n n only t ,india 0 n dep5d5t ^u o!r c\ntries1 b t x _h develop$ an exceptional skill 9 ! application ( porcela9 to ! embelli%m5t ( ar*itecture4 ,z if completely to subv]t ! /atem5ts ( ! fir/ visitors to ,h9do/an1 ,*9a1 ! great seat ( ! porcela9 manufacture1 has ackn[l$g$ its indebt$ness to t c\ntry1 & ! ext5t to :i* x has imitat$ its /yles4 ,!re is no reason = suppos+ t a c\ntry :i* _h e>ly %[n a wond]ful capacity = rea*+ ! highe/ =ms ( ar*itectural magnific5ce1 & = execut+ "w ( ! nice/ delicacy 9 ! preci\s metals & gems1 l5t to ,*9a alone its ideas ( c]amic beauty4 ,! abs5ce ( ?or\gh inve/igation on ! "o h&1 & ! pres5ce ( a t5d5cy to take refuge 9 secrecy 9 reg>d to bo? me?ods & results1 r ?an to c\rt obs]vation on ! o!r1 may1 h[ev]1 h _h _! effect 9 less5+ ! influ5ce ,india might o!rwise h ex]cis$ on ! art4 ,t %e borr[$ & adapt$ /yles orig9at+ 9 bo? ,p]sia & ,japan1 aft] h] m>ts _h be5 flood$ ) imports f ^! c\ntries1 !re is e reason = believ+1 ev5 :5 %e pres]v$ /yles suffici5tly di/9ctive to enable u to di/+ui% ! =eign f ! native "w4 ,( ! m anci5t =ms ( pott]y1 specim5s exi/ :i* are upw>d ( two ?\s& ye>s old4 ,! clay v>ies f r$ to a gray color1 & ! ornam5tation1 :5 us$1 is simple & *a/e4 ,a fun]al urn ( ?is class has a r\nd body )\t decoration1 %ort1 ?ick neck1 project+ lip1 & is accompani$ by a lid4 ,ano!r1 ( ! same r$ clay1 in/ead ( ! r\nd$ base ( ! =m]1 has a wide1 flat bottom4 ,a b& is drawn r\nd ! wide/ "p ( ! body1 f :i* x curves rapidly inw>d to ! neck1 & on ?is upp] "p1 betwe5 ! greate/ circumf]5ce & ! neck1 a simple ornam5t is laid4 ,al?\gh r clumsy 9 appe>ance1 ?is urn does n lack a c]ta9 primitive symmetry4 ,l ! o!r anci5t nations ( :i* we h already treat$1 ,india 0 intimately acqua9t$ ) ! processes ( enamell+ & glaz+1 &1 bett] ?an t1 br\ght a cultivat$ ta/e to be> ^u _! employm5t 9 bo? ar*itecture & ! decoration ( pott]y4 ,glaz$ bricks1 ( _m colors1 7 us$ ) great effect 9 ! build+ ( temples & o!r edifices4 ,!y are ( mu* h>d] & f9] mat]ial ?an ! bricks ( ei!r ,egypt or ,babylonia4 ,! application ( colors & glaze to t]ra-cotta 0 productive ( ! mo/ a/oni%+ & beautiful effects4 ,! specim5s pres]v$ ( a monum5tal "* sub/antiate ! "r ( ! ,indian pott]s to a v high rank4 ,n only is ! color+ ( _! t]ra-cotta friezes brilliant1 b ! floral & animal =ms1 introduc$ ei!r = _! symbolical significance or by way ( ornam5t1 are ma/]pieces ( art4 ,arrang+ ^! products *ronologically1 ! w>es belong+ to ! second or ?ird c5tury be=e our era w take prec$5ce4 ,! build+s 9 :i* glaz$ bricks 7 us$ br+ u d[n to f five hundr$ to upw>d ( a ?\s& ye>s lat]4 ,aft] !m come ! specim5s ( glaz$ t]ra-cotta4 ,subsequ5tly a k9d ( fai5ce 0 made :i* has be5 v g5]ally ascrib$ to ,p]sia1 b :i* may1 f ! int]nal evid5ce suppli$ by a comp>ison ) purely ,indian "w1 be safely attribut$ to ,india4 ,la/ly1 !re is ! fai5ce ( ! pres5t "t1 s intimately alli$ ) ! m anci5t 9 bo? ornam5tation & ! prevail+ %apes1 z to be confid5tly pron\nc$ its legitimate successor4 ,fl[]s & ornam5ts1 incis$ or 9 relief1 & gr\nds ( blue1 gre51 or yell[1 are design$ & m+l$ 9 ! mo/ arti/ic & effective mann]4 ,! porcela9 ( ,india has be5 ascrib$1 on ! "o h&1 to ,p]sia1 &1 on ! o!r1 to ,*9a or ,japan1 :ile a clos] exam9ation w\ld h reveal$ ! fact t1 ?\gh hav+ _m qualities 9 common ) !m1 x is yet radically di/9ct4 ,x seems probable t 9 sev]al processes :i* ! ,indian arti/ borr[$1 he foll[$ ,japan1 )\t all[+ himself slavi%ly to copy4 ,! art ( ,india z repres5t$ 9 porcela9 manife/s itself 9 a high te*nical skill1 9 ! mo/ exquisite delicacy1 & 9 a close att5tion to all ! m9uti ( detail4 ,indian figure-pa9t+ owes to ^! ?ree qualities its sup]iority alike ov] ^? ( ,p]sia & ( ! extreme ,ea/4 ,9 ! beauty consi/+ ( delicacy & c>eful precision ( f9i%1 nei!r c\ntry makes ev5 an approa* to an equality ) x4 ,?is tru? is "o1 h[ev]1 :i* c only be fully und]/ood by actual comp>ison4 ,a simil>ly pa9/ak+ c>e & consci5ti\s lit]alness ( int]pretation *>act]ize ! floral ornam5tation ( ,indian porcela94 ,ev5 :5 we f9d traces ( ,ea/]n inspiration 9 ! ,h9doo deep-blue or gre51 ! ,indian arti/ ass]ts 8 sup]iority 9 work+ out details4 ,9 _m cases we detect m ref9$ p]ception comb9$ ) a great] te*nical skill4 ,a deep b[l has floral decoration 9 gre51 blue1 & r$1 on a :ite gr\nd1 ! fl[]s be+ alt]nately r$ & blue4 ,ano!r has a gr\nd ( pale gre51 divid$ into sections by ar*es ( gold1 imm$iately "u ! outw>d curv+ lip4 ,^u ?is are laid l>g] sections ( a ri* r$ color1 & fill$ ) fl[]s4 ,! contra/s are /rong1 & ! effect is magnific5t4 ,9 "o respect ! ,indian arti/s are p>ticul>ly skilful1 & t is 9 ! use ( gold4 ,x is employ$ g5]ally ) res]ve1 & always ) ri* effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4--,wa%+ton's 8,indian0 ,porcela9 ,vases4 ,deep blue & gold4 ,a specim5 ( ,indian porcela9 7,fig4 #fa71 ( exceptional int]e/ to ,am]icans1 z hav+ once belong$ to ,george ,wa%+ton1 =m$ "p ( ! collection at ,arl+ton ,h\se4 ,x consi/s ( a set ( ?ree vases1 pres5t$ to ,wa%+ton by ,mr4 ,samuel ,vaughan1 ( ,london4 ,_! value1 = our pres5t purpose1 is some:at less5$ by ! fact t1 ?\gh made 9 ,india1 ! vases 7 pa9t$ 9 ,london4 ,9 ,siam1 a /yle common to t c\ntry ) ,india is preval5t1 & is ! result ( imitat+ cloisonn enamel 9 porcela94 ,! practice has _h "o result 9 bo? c\ntries4 ,x has l$ to a comp>ison ( ! native porcela9 ) native "w 9 metal1 & ! orig9ality ( ! decoration ( ! =m] has ?us be5 sub/antiat$ & its s\rce expla9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4--;,gr\p ( ,*9ese ,porcela94 7,f ! ,av]y ,coll47 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,*9a4 ,art ,diff]5t f t ( ,europe or ,am]ica4--,h[ x mu/ be ,view$4--,religion4--,leg5d4--,hoang-ti ! ,inv5tor ( ,pott]y4--,! ,lead+ ,po9ts ( ,religi\s ,sy/em4--,p]sonifi$ ,pr9ciples4--,lao-ts51 ,confucius1 & ,buddha4--,kuan-94--,p\sa or ,p\-tai4--,dragons4--,dog ( ,fo4--,ky-l94--,sacr$ ,horse4--,fong-hoang4--,symbols4--,mean+ ( ,colors & ,%apes4 ,z we approa* ,*9a1 we mu/ prep>e ourselves = ! consid]ation ( its c]amic products1 by once & = all giv+ up ! attempt to judge !m by ,european or ,am]ican /&>ds4 ,:e!r or n art may h travell$ to ,*9a ea/w>d f ! cradle ( ! human race1 x c]ta9ly cry/alliz$ 9 ,*9a into di/9ctive =ms4 ,?is fact mu/ be con/antly kept 9 m9d1 if we w\ld succe$ 9 appreciat+ at its true value ! art ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire4 ,z 9 criticis+ a book1 x is less ess5tial to measure ! diff]5ce betwe5 "o's own ideas & ^? ( ! au?or1 ?an to look at ! subject f ! au?or's /&-po9t1 & to exam9e ! result f ! inside1 s1 9 e/imat+ art1 x is equally ess5tial to ent] into ! arti/'s views1 & to /udy n only ! ideal he means to portray or ! real he tries to imitate1 b also :at he consid]s ess5tial to imitation & portrayal1 & ! intellig5ce to :i* he addresses himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4--;,*e\-lao1 ,god ( ,longevity4 ,we h se5 t ! ,egyptians honor$ ! gods ?r\gh _! works4 ,! ,*9ese pres5t u ) a religion bas$1 l t ( ! ,greeks1 ,sc&9avians1 & _m o!r nations1 ^u h]o-wor%ip4 ,we rec$e f mank9d backw>d to ! "t :5 h]oes & gods are comm+l$1 & rea* ! horizon :]e humanity & div9ity are "o4 ,x is claim$ = ! ,*9ese t !y are ! only possessors ( a correct1 or at lea/ an exact1 *ronology1 b ev5 x does n sub/antiate ! exi/5ce ( ! fir/ ( human creatures1 :o is said to h liv$ well-nigh a hundr$ millions ( ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,f\-,hi 0 ! fir/ man ( :om we c take cognizance1 & he liv$ ,b4,c4 #cdfh4 ,ne>ly eight hundr$ ye>s aft]w>d1 ,hoang-ti inv5t$ pott]y & 0 translat$1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! manufacture may reasonably be fix$ at t date4 ,he did _m o!r useful ?+s besides inv5t+ pott]y2 b :at is n[ to be *iefly not$ is t he 0 rais$ to ! ,*9ese heav5 = 8 b5efic5ce4 ,beh9d ?is simple & almo/ univ]sal h]o-wor%ip 0 a religion comp\nd$ ( pan!ism & a peculi> k9d ( spiritualism4 ,*ang-ti be>s "s resemblance to ! ,egyptian conceal$ god ,ammon1 & ^? :o *oose may f9d simil> c\nt]p>ts to ! creative & productive pr9ciples ( ! ,*9ese !ogony4 ,^! 7 call$ ! 8yang0 & ! 8yn10 & appe> to be ! active & passive pr9ciples p]sonifi$ 9 ,ti & ,*e1 ! presid+ p[]s ( heav5 & e>?4 ,9 pott]y1 !y frequ5tly appe> 9 connection ) ! ,pa-kwa1 or eight diagrams ( ,fo or ,buddha1 a s]ies ( comb9ations ( ?ree l9es by :i* nature's *anges 7 repres5t$4 ,?us on ea* side ( a squ>e vase are ! yang & yn1 ) "o ( ! diagrams above & "o bel[4 ,on ano!r piece ( porcela9 ! yang & yn occupy ! c5tre1 r\nd :i*1 9 a circle1 ! diagrams are arrang$4 ,) su* a f\ndation ,*9ese religion is divisible into ?ree compon5t p>ts--t bas$ ^u ! tea*+s ( ,lao-tseu1 t ( ,confucius1 & ,buddhism4 ,lao-tseu & ! leg5d ( 8 bir? are especially int]e/+ to ! /ud5t ( ,*9ese c]amics4 ,! /ory goes t1 aft] a pregnancy ( eighty-"o ye>s 8 "m br\ght him into ! _w1 :ile %e 0 a w&]] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,:5 born1 8 hair 0 z :ite z t ( an old man1 & h5ce 8 "n1 ,lao-tseu1 ! old man-*ild4 ,:5 he grew up1 he became a recluse1 & sp5t ye>s 9 ! /udy ( ab/ract religion1 out ( :i* /udies grew ! 8,tao-te-k+10 an exposition ( 8 views ( religion & morality4 ,8 foll[]s deifi$ him1 & 9 c\rse ( "t he 0 reg>d$ z id5tical ) ,*ang-ti4 ,9 ?is =m ! pott]s repres5t him1 & also z ! ,god ( ,longevity4 ,he is call$ alt]natively ,lao-tseu & ,*e\-lao4 ,z ! ,god ( ,longevity he is repres5t$ 7,fig4 #fc7 ) long :ite be>d & l(ty1 conical1 bald head4 ,8 face we>s a broad smile1 & 9 8 h& is ! fruit ( ! fantao1 a fabul\s tree symbolical ( long life1 because x 0 said to bloom only once 9 ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 & to be> fruit a ?\s& ye>s aft]w>d4 ,z ,*ang-ti1 ! supreme god1 he is rid+ or lean+ ^u a de]1 is dress$ 9 yell[1 & ar\nd him are clu/]s ( ! immortaliz+ ag>ic1 l+-t*y4 ,confucius1 or ,k\ng-tseu1 :o foll[$ ,lao-tseu1 0 a cons]vative philosoph]1 :o l$ 8 c\ntrym5 back to old =ms & ance/ral h]o-wor%ip4 ,he appe>s z ! repres5tative ( ,buddhism alt]natively ) ,fo or ,buddha1 & z su* holds a roll ( manuscript or a sceptre 9 8 h&4 ,kuan-9 7,fig4 #fd7 0 fir/ tak5 to be ! ,*9ese ,v5us4 ,%e is repres5t$ 9 v>i\s attitudes--/&+ ) d[nca/ eyes1 or sitt+1 & hold+ ei!r a *ild or a ros>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4--,kuan-94 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll47 ,p\sa1 or ,p\-tai1 ! ,god ( ,cont5tm5t1 is also /yl$ ! pott]'s god4 ,h[ he came to be ! latt]1 or to be a god at all1 is expla9$ by a good /ory4 ,! emp]or = ! "t be+ dem&$ porcela91 ! fabrication ( :i* 0 repres5t$ to him z an impossibility4 ,?is in=mation only s]v$ to :et 8 appetite2 & to gratify 8 imp]ial :im1 ! workm5 7 oppress$ by _! ov]se]s1 & driv5 by ?reats & bl[s to make all k9ds ( sacrifices & ex]tions to rea* ! unatta9able4 ,at l5g? "o ( !m gave up ! /ruggle1 & 9 despair ?rew himself into ! furnace4 ,:5 ! cont5ts ( ! kiln 7 tak5 out1 !y 7 f\nd to be all t ! emp]or desir$1 & ! rigor f :i* ! pott]s _h suff]$ 0 abat$4 ,! workm5 app>5tly conclud$ t su* a result 0 due to "s prop]ty unkn[n to al*emy 9 ! body ( _! comrade4 ,gratitude l$ !m to respect 8 memory1 & 9 due c\rse he became a h]o & a god4 ,images ( him ab\nd 9 ! work%ops ( ,k+-teh-*94 ,full ( s5suality & good-humor1 8 face we>s ! laugh ( cont5tm5t1 & 8 heavy1 corpul5t body is support$ by ! w9esk9 ^u :i* he leans4 ,)\t resort+ to ! explanation to be f\nd 9 ! /ory1 "o c readily und]/& :y su* a god z ,p\-tai %\ld comm5d himself to ! slavi% & impov]i%$ pott]4 ,9 e collection ( ,*9ese w>e w be se5 c]ta9 =ms made use ( = decorative purposes1 & :i* h also a symbolical significance requir+ explanation4 ,)\t go+ into ! "q ( ! orig9 ( ! wond]ful dragons ( ! ,cele/ials1 _! pres5ce1 9 v>i\s degrees ( hide\sness1 on vases & else:]e1 _c fail to attract att5tion & sugge/ inquiry4 ,!y are _m-%ap$1 z ! devils :i* beset ! good ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,!re are ! ,long1 dragon ( heav52 ! ,kan1 dragon ( ! m\nta92 ,li1 dragon ( ! sea1 & _m o!rs1 scal$1 w+$1 horn$1 & hornless4 ,"u ! =m ( a dragon _m ( ! immortals are repres5t$1 & x only appe>s 9 our mundane sph]e on "s great occasion1 :51 = in/ance1 ,hoang-ti 0 call$ ^u to jo9 ! p[]s above4 ,z emblems1 ! dragons require att5tion1 s9ce _! significance v>ies ) ! numb] ( _! claws4 ,t ) five claws is se5 ^u ! imp]ial /&>d1 & is ! emblem ( ! emp]or & pr9ces ( ! fir/ & second class4 ,! f\r-claw$ dragon is ! emblem ( pr9ces ( ! ?ird & f\r? rank4 ,! ,japanese dragon is a trip$al repres5tative ( ! species4 ,*9ese pr9ces ( ! fif? rank & m&>9s h ! f\r-claw$ s]p5t1 ,mang4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4--,! ,dog ( ,fo4 ,ano!r figure v (t5 se5 ^u ,*9ese vases1 & n[1 alas6 on "s ,european vases also1 is ! ,dog ( ,fo 7,fig4 #fe74 ,x frequ5tly does duty z a h&le1 b occasionally x =ms an ornam5t1 ei!r by itself or sport+ ) ano!r ( ! species4 ,9 ! latt] cases its lion-l appe>ance deg5]ates into a hide\s ugl9ess ?or\ghly ,*9ese1 & illu/rates ! peculi> t5d5cy ( t p to be/[ ^u _! fanta/ic mon/]s a massive bread? ( jaw & cav]n\s oral capacity1 su* z we f9d 9 _! dragons & 9 ! ,ky-l9 next to be notic$4 ,! ,dog ( ,fo is ! ,buddhic gu>dian ( temples & alt>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4--,vase1 surm\nt$ by ,ky-l94 ,fl[]s 9 ,relief4 7,a4 ,belmont ,coll47 ,! ,ky-l9 7,fig4 #ff7 is "o ( ! mo/ =bidd+ *im]as ev] *os5 z an om5 ( good4 ,its scaly body1 its wide m\? fully arm$ ) =midable tee?1 its dragon-l head & ho($ feet1 make up a mon/] z horrible 9 aspect z x is g5tle 9 disposition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4--,! ,sacr$ ,horse4 ,! ,sacr$ ,horse 7,fig4 #fg7 is pres]v$ by ! ,*9ese among _! symbols1 because by ! m>ks on ! sk9 ( a horse :i* sudd5ly rose f ! riv]1 ! philosoph] ,fo 0 inspir$ ) 8 diagramic solution ( ! me?ods ( nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4--,! ,fong-hoang4 ,! ,fong-hoang 7,figs4 #fh & #fi71 ! immortal bird1 h>b+] ( good1 v (t5 resembles a peacock on ! w+4 ,:5 repres5t$ 9 front1 its ar*+ neck is turn$ to "o side1 & ! long tail fea!rs are fanta/ically drawn high ov] its body4 ,=m]ly x 0 ! imp]ial emblem2 b on ! adoption ( ! dragon x 0 relegat$ to ! empress1 ^: emblem x became4 ,! symbols ( longevity are ! :ite /ag1 ! axis de]1 ! bat1 & ! crane2 ( filial piety1 ! /ork2 ( happy m>riage1 ! m&>9 duck4 ,! mon?s are repres5t$ z foll[s3 ,janu>y1 tig] ,febru>y1 rabbit2 ,m>*1 dragon2 ,april1 s]p5t2 ,may1 horse2 ,june1 h>e2 ,july1 ape2 ,augu/1 h52 ,septemb]1 dog2 ,octob]1 wild-bo>2 ,novemb]1 rat2 ,decemb]1 ox4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4--,vase ) ,fong-hoang4 7,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr41 ,coll47 ,9 ,*9a1 almo/ e usage is regulat$ by a specific rule2 & we are n a/oni%$1 !re=e1 to f9d t colors & %apes 9 porcela9 & pott]y are di/9ctive ( ! rank ( ! possessor1 & h1 besides1 a symbolical signification4 ,?us "o dyna/y1 ! ,ts9 7,a4,d4 #bfe71 took blue z its imp]ial color2 ! ,s\i 7#eha-fah7 took gre52 ! ,?ang 7#fah-ijg7 took :ite2 ! ,m+1 gre52 ! ,tai-?s+1 yell[4 ,! colors ?us frequ5tly give a clue to ! age ( pieces4 ,! fir/ dyna/y began ,b4,c4 #bbje2 ! tw5ty-fir/1 or ,m+1 ,a4,d4 #acfh2 & ! tw5ty-second1 or ,tai-,?s+1 9 #afaf4 ,ap>t f ! dyna/ic significance ( colors1 !y ent] l>gely into ! complex sy/em ( ,*9ese symbolism4 ,?us ! po9ts ( ! compass & ! elem5ts are repres5t$ z foll[s3 ,r$ ,fire ,s\?4 ,black ,wat] ,nor?4 ,gre5 ,wood ,ea/4 ,:ite ,metal ,we/4 ,! e>? 0 figur$ by a squ>e1 fire by a circle1 wat] by a dragon1 m\nta9s by a de]4 ,! =m ( a vase is also ( value 9 det]m9+ its use4 ,besides ! complim5t>y mann] already allud$ to1 9 :i* vases 7 employ$1 !y 7 be/[$ z rew>ds ^u des]v+ public function>ies1 & pass$ betwe5 fri5ds z tok5s ( good wi%es4 ,!y also occupi$ a prom95t place 9 religi\s rites4 ,we may n[ proce$ to a division ( ,*9ese w>es into pott]y & porcela94 ,,pott]y4 ,:5 ,fir/ ,made4--,cladon4--,crackle4--,h[ ,made4--,porcela9 ,crackle4--,decorations on ,crackle4--,h\sehold ,vessels4--,/one-w>e4--,lic\li4--,t[] ( ,nank94--,pipe-clay4--,bocc>o4--,colors & ,decoration ( ,pott]y4--,colors on ,crackle4 ,al?\gh we may n accept )\t "q ! /atem5t t pott]y 0 fir/ inv5t$ ei!r by ! ,emp]or ,hoang-ti1 or dur+ 8 reign by ,k\5-ou1 x may at lea/ be tak5 = grant$ t pott]y prec$$ porcela94 ,to def9e ! "* ( ! e>lie/ w>e is n unatt5d$ ) difficulty4 ,"o fact :i* _h a great influ5ce ^u ,*9ese art may "h be ref]r$ to4 ,s soon z pott]y 0 inv5t$1 x 0 tak5 "u gov]nm5t sup]vision4 ,subsequ5tly1 :5 porcela9 0 discov]$1 ! manufacture = _m ye>s made v little progress4 ,x 0 n until x came "u imp]ial protection & patronage t x rose to its greate/ height4 ,x w be se5 h]eaft] t 9 ,cont95tal ,europe also ! be/ works 9 c]amic art 71 z a rule1 produc$ "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! sov]eign p[]4 ,! olde/ ,*9ese pott]y is v h>d1 opaque1 closely ak9 to /one-w>e1 & cov]$ ) a p>tially transluc5t enamel4 ,! latt] call$ ,cladon1 & made by mix+ ! colors ) ! glaze1 v>ies f ! old1 & n[ v r>e1 sea-gre5 to a br[n-gray4 ,! t]m cladon 0 orig9ally re/rict$ to ! sea-gre5 v>iety1 b 0 ultimately appli$ to all w>es1 ( :atev] color1 made 9 ! same mann]4 ,! mo/ anci5t specim5s are ( ! co>se body above ref]r$ to4 ,occasionally !y are decorat$ ) incisions 9 ! pa/e "u ! glaze1 or ) /uds & o!r reliefs1 or ) fl[]$ designs 7cladon fleuri71 & are call$ by ! ,*9ese ,t*\i4 ,!re is also a cladon ( a deep] gre5 ?an t la/ ref]r$ to1 :i*1 ) t ( ! gray v>ieties1 is v (t5 cov]$ ) an inextricable net-"w ( cracks4 ,?is is ! k9d kn[n z crackle4 ,! process :i* ! ,*9ese succe$$ 9 br++ to ! mo/ exact precision 9 reg>d to ! size ( ! cracks is n ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,sev]al !ories h be5 advanc$ to expla9 x4 ,exam9ation %[s t ! pa/e or body ( ! w>e & ! glaze diff]$ 9 consi/5cy1 ! "o be+ m or less expansive ?an ! o!r4 ,to p]=m ! op]ation successfully1 ! vessel is :ile hot1 plung$ into cold wat]1 or br\ght sudd5ly into contact ) cold air1 :5 ! glaze is at once brok5 up into ! mu* admir$ net-"w ( m9ute fissures4 ,f ?is x w\ld appe> t ! desir$ effect is caus$ by ! %r9kage ( ! glaze on be+ sudd5ly expos$ to cold4 ,ano!r explanation is t !re are two lay]s ( pa/e ( diff]5t composition1 & t ! cracks appe> 9 ! out] "o4 ,:5 ! piece is glaz$1 ! cracks are cov]$ ov]1 & ! surface made p]fectly smoo?1 unless ! cracks are v co>se & l>ge1 9 :i* case !y are p]ceptible to ! t\*4 ,?r\gh ! cracks ! fus$ pa/e or inn] core appe>$1 & made !m m di/9ctly visible2 or1 to rea* ! same effect1 o*re1 ink1 or o!r color+ mat]ial 0 rubb$ into ! cracks4 ,to produce !m ) ! absolute precision to :i* ! ,*9ese atta9$1 !y mu/ h ?or\ghly /udi$ ! composition ( ! pa/e & glaze employ$1 z we frequ5tly f9d diff]5t k9ds ( crackle on ! same vase4 ,/eatite 0 sometimes mix$ ) ! glaze1 & _h ! same effect z a sudd5 imm]sion4 ,x w\ld naturally foll[ t no su* ornam5tation c\ld be appli$ to porcela91 ! pa/e & glaze be+ too closely alli$ 9 composition4 ,to surm\nt ?is difficulty1 ! glaze 0 comb9$ ) mat]ials de/ructive ( its close aff9ity ) ! kaol9ic pa/e4 ,a simultane\s %r9kage be+ ?us made impossible1 ! glaze crack$4 ,al?\gh bo? ,*9ese & =eign]s place a high value ^u good specim5s ( crackle1 admiration ( su* a /yle ( ornam5t involves a decid$ p]v]sion ( ta/e4 ,x is safe to say t n9e p]sons out ( t5 w\ld1 if left to ex]t _! own un9flu5c$ judgm5t1 condemn a crackle vase z devoid ( all pret5sion to ornam5t4 ,x is :5 we f9d t ! de=mity is ! result ( design1 t ! piece is a curiosity ( workman%ip1 & repres5ts ! me*anical +5uity ( ! pott]1 t x becomes an object ( int]e/ & a desirable possession4 ,crackle-w>e has be5 made by ! ,*9ese s9ce ! ,song ,dyna/y1 :i* ext5d$ f ,a4,d4 #ifj to #abgi1 & probably f a mu* e>li] date4 ,ornam5tation is sometimes laid above ! glaze4 ,"o v old /yle ( decoration 9 relief ^u ! crackle 7,fig4 #gj7 consi/s ( m$allions & b&s ( a br[n pa/e1 ( :i* imitations1 hav+ lions' heads hold+ r+s 9 ! c5tre ( ! m$allions1 are abundant4 ,pott]y is us$ by ! ,*9ese 9 ! mak+ ( h\sehold vessels & ut5sils ( all k9ds--z ext5sively1 9 fact1 z by ! ,egyptians4 ,!y h e>!n-w>e res]voirs & bas9s1 lamps1 cook+-pots1 wat]-filt]]s1 teapots1 & toys4 ,ornam5tal vases are also made ( e>!n-w>e1 & "s specim5s %[ t ! ,*9ese lavi%$ ^u _! comp>atively humble w>es--accord+ to our ideas--ornam5tation z beautiful & elaborate z t ^u porcela94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj4--,rice-color$ ,crackle1 ) ,br[n ,zones4 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,_! /one-w>e1 cov]$ ) porcela91 pres5ts u ) "s ( _! mo/ wond]ful works4 ,?is w>e is made into j>s1 seats1 ci/]ns1 & _m o!r ut5sils & objects4 ,x is said to h be5 9 attempt+ to make plaques ( ?is k9d t ,p\sa or ,p\-tai met ) 8 tragic end z be=e told4 ,! plaques1 ,lic\-li1 or glaz$ tiles1 are devot$ to ! embelli%m5t ( imp]ial & religi\s edifices1 & by ! brilliancy ( _! _m colors1 yell[1 blue1 gre51 r$1 & violet1 produce a dazzl+ & gorge\s effect4 ,! fam\s porcela9 t[] ( ,nank9 7,fig4 #ga71 or1 z x is alt]natively call$ by ! ,*9ese1 ,t[] ( ! ,lic\-li1 or ,poa-en-ssi1 ! ,conv5t ( ,gratitude1 0 cov]$ ) tiles ( ! above description4 ,?is build+ has be5 repeat$ly de/roy$ & rebuilt4 ,! orig9al consi/$ ( ?ree /ories1 & 0 erect$ ,b4,c4 #hcc4 ,hav+ be5 demoli%$1 x 0 rebuilt ,a4,d4 #cga-cgc4 ,x 0 aga9 de/roy$1 & aga9 rebuilt by "o ( ! ,m+ emp]ors1 :o1 aft] n9ete5 ye>s' "w1 f9i%$ x 9 #adca4 ,once m x 0 demoli%$ dur+ ! insurrection ( ! ,taep+s2 & al?\gh travell]s--includ+ "s ,am]icans--h )9 ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s be5 =tunate en\gh to secure a few fragm5ts z relics 7,fig4 #gb71 no?+ n[ rema9s to m>k its site4 ,x 0 ?is la/ t[] :i* 0 kn[n z ! ,conv5t ( ,gratitude4 ,x consi/$ ( n9e /ories1 & 0 ?ree hundr$ & fifty-?ree feet 9 height4 ,x 0 cov]$ ) enamell$ bricks ( r$1 :ite1 blue1 br[n1 & gre5 colors2 b :e!r ! previ\s t[]s 7 s decorat$ is n kn[n1 s t ! ,t[] ( ,nank9 _c be br\ght =w>d z prov+ ! ar*itectural use ( enamell$ /one-w>e at a v remote age4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga4--,t[] ( ,nank94 ,a mat]ial :i* is nei!r /one-w>e nor porcela91 b resembles v f9e pipe-clay1 is us$ 9 mak+ opium pipes4 ,! b[l is enamell$1 & decorat$ ) fl[]s or o!r =ms1 & is n unfrequ5tly almo/ p]fect z a "w ( art4 ,! ,*9ese bocc>o rema9s "o ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( a grs kn[n to c]ami/s1 & f> above any ( ! /one-w>es ( ,europe4 ,"s specim5s are z p]fect 9 _! beauty z jewels4 ,! pa/e is sometimes br[n ( a r$di% t+e1 sometimes a gray fa9tly color$ ) yell[4 ,x is made into s+le pieces & s]vices1 occasionally ( fanta/ic design4 ,:5 cov]$ ) color$ enamels1 ! bocc>o is at once s delicate & brilliant z to be lik5$ to no?+ b a gem4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gb4--;,enamell$ ,bricks f ! ,t[] ( ,nank94 7,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,at a v e>ly p]iod ! ,*9ese atta9$ to t wond]ful ma/]y ( ! secrets ( color :i* made !m ! envy ( ! arti/s ( all subsequ5t "t1 & has l$ to ! adoption ( c]ta9 ( _! colors z univ]sal /&>ds ( beauty & excell5ce4 ,comb9$ ) ! c]ta9ty ( _! op]ations 9 crackle1 _! skill 9 color l$ to _m rem>kable effects 9 w>es1 ! precise nature ( :i* _c be def9$4 ,^u a ri* gold5 crackle1 :ite-&-blue figures are occasionally impos$ 7,fig4 #gc74 ,9 "s cases ! enamels us$ = ?is sup]-ornam5tation are s transp>5t t ! cracks c be se5 ?r\gh !m4 ,possibly ! mo/ curi\s k9d is t 9 :i* ! vase is encircl$ by b&s ( crackle1 "s co>se & irregul>1 alt]nat+ ) o!rs f9e & regul>1 & divid$ by /amp$ zones ( br[n f]rug9\s pa/e4 ,bo? ,japanese & ,*9ese place a v high value ^u ! anci5t specim5s1 ! priority 9 po9t ( "t be+ accord$ to ! light blue4 ,besides ! colors already m5tion$1 turquoise-blue1 yell[1 & a bright r$ are f\nd ^u crackle1 to ! fir/ ( :i* a special value is atta*$4 ,! f9e crackle1 call$ by ! ,fr5* truit1 is mo/ frequ5tly appli$ to vases ( pale & olive-gre5 n o!rwise decorat$4 ,"o _c look at ! exquisite color+ ( "s ( ! r>e old pieces1 )\t be+ l$ to ! conclusion t ! ,*9ese plac$ a value ^u _! c]amic productions n m ?an comm5surate ) ! arti/ic skill develop$ among !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4--;,crackle ,vase1 ) ,crabs 9 ,blue4 #g 94 high4 7,j4 ,c4 ,rankle ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4--;,*9ese ,porcela9 ,lant]n4 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll47 ,,porcela94 ,:5 ,inv5t$4--,k+-teh-*94--,all ,class$ z ,h>d1 ,exceptions4--,old ,porcela9s4--,k\an-ki4--,blue-&-:ite4--, p]sian ,/yles4--,turquoise & o!r ,blues4--,lead+ ,ev5ts ( ,m+ ,dyna/y4--,egg-%ell4--,tai-?s+ ,dyna/y4--,m&>9 ,vases4--,families4--,old ,:ite4--,jade4--,purple & ,violet4--,liv] ,r$4--,imp]ial ,yell[4--,*9ese ,ideas ( ,pa9t+4--,s\ffl4--,gra9s ( ,rice4--,articulat$ & ,reticulat$ ,vases4--,cup ( ,tantalus4 ,porcela9 hav+ be5 inv5t$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ho-nan1 dur+ ! ,han ,dyna/y1 betwe5 ! ye>s ,b4,c4 #ahe & ,a4,d4 #hh1 0 manufactur$ = upw>d ( fifte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e x 0 g5]ally kn[n 9 ,europe4 ,= ab\t five or six hundr$ ye>s ! indu/ry made comp>atively little progress1 b aft] ,a4,d4 #ehc x advanc$ ) great rapidity4 ,9 t ye> ! imp]ial patronage 0 be/[$ ^u ,k+-teh-*91 a city 9 ! di/rict ( ,faul+1 & prov9ce ( ,kiang-si4 ,!re 7 "h at "o "t1 9 #agag1 ?ree ?\s& furnaces4 ,x is said by "s rec5t au?orities t all ! kilns & pott]ies 7 de/roy$ by ! ,taep+s1 & t ! entire city 0 r$uc$ to ru9s4 ,accord+ to ! (ficial catalogue ( ! ,*9ese dep>tm5t at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 ! city mu/ h be5 rebuilt4 ,bo? ! l>ge/ quantity & f9e/ quality ( porcela9 are said /ill to be made at ! imp]ial pott]ies at ,k+-teh-*91 & out ( upw>d ( sev5te5 hundr$ & fifty pieces exhibit$1 all 7 f t city1 ) ! exception ( t5 f ,n+po1 ,nank91 & ,pek94 ,"s ( ! o!rs1 al?\gh pa9t$ at & s5t f ,canton1 7 manufactur$ at ,k+-teh-*94 ,all ,*9ese porcela9 has be5 class$ z h>d4 ,! only k9d ab\t :i* any d\bt has be5 ent]ta9$ is ! :ite1 v>i\sly ornam5t$ 9 relief4 ,to ?is ought1 h[ev]1 to be add$ c]ta9 r>e b sup]b specim5s :i* come f ,*9a z well z f ,p]sia4 ,! process by :i* !y 7 manufactur$ is n kn[n1 b x seems cle> t !y belong to ! same family z ! pate t5dre ( ,france1 t is to say1 t _! vitrification is due to an alkal9e frit1 & t ! glaze is also alkal9e4 ,( ! dyna/ic colors ! azure-blue adopt$ by ! ,t*e\1 9 #ide1 is ! mo/ celebrat$4 ,x 0 v highly valu$1 & aft] ! secret ( mak+ x pass$ out ( sight1 :i* x did at a v e>ly date1 x 0 nev] r$iscov]$4 ,x is kn[n z ,t*'a porcela91 & 9 color resembl$ ! 8blue ( ! sky aft] ra940 ,"u ! ,song ,dyna/y f\r v valuable k9ds ( porcela9 7 made4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! ,j\-yao1 a v f9e blue1 produc$ at ,j\-t*eon1 :]e crackle porcela9 0 also made 9 great p]fection2 ! second 7#aajg-aaag7 0 ! fam\s ,k\an-yao1 or porcela9 = magi/rates1 ( two %ades ( blue1 ) a slightly r$di% t9t2 ! ?ird takes its "n f ! ,t*ang family ( pott]s1 & 0 pale blue & rice-color$ crackle2 ! f\r?1 ! ,t+-yao1 0 ( diff]5t colors--r$1 :ite1 br[n1 & black1 & 0 ( great value4 ,^!1 ) ! ,t*e\ blue1 are ! five anci5t qualities held 9 highe/ e/imation4 ,!re 7 _m o!r k9ds1 too num]\s to be "h giv5 9 detail1 includ+ ! 8porcela9 ( conceal$ color10 s call$ because design$ = imp]ial use1 & o!rs ( v>y+ t9ts ( violet1 br[n1 purple1 & blue4 ,at ,k+-teh-*9 jade-color$ porcela9 0 made be=e ! t5? c5tury1 & a hundr$ ye>s lat] ! entire empire 0 int]e/$ 9 ! manufacture4 ,) a m]e ref]5ce1 9 ! mean "t1 to ! blue-&-:ite porcela9 ( ! ,y\5 ,dyna/y1 we pass to t ( ! ,m+1 to :i* "s ( ! porcela9 mo/ highly priz$ by collectors belongs4 ,:51 9 #acfi1 a factory 0 />t$ at ,k+-teh-*9 to supply ! imp]ial wants exclusively--an ev5t n to be conf\nd$ ) ! f\ndation ( ! ,k+-teh-*9 manufactory1 :i* took place dur+ ! ,song ,dyna/y1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s previ\sly--! vases ( blue camaeu1 call$ ,k\an-ki1 or magi/rate's vases1 7 made 9 t city4 ,^! valuable works 7 probably int5d$ to foll[ z ne>ly z possible ! m anci5t ,t*e\ porcela91 :i* _h rea*$ s great a value t ev5 fragm5ts ( x 7 employ$ l preci\s /ones4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! e>li] magi/rates' porcela9 0 made "u ! ,song1 & ! explanation is giv5 t ! ,m+ ,k\an-ki 7 s call$ to di/+ui% ! porcela9 made at ! royal factory f ^? made = vulg> use4 ,x may be add$ t ! old turquoise blue 0 made f copp]1 & ! sky-blue f cobalt4 ,! blue-&-:ite 8,nank90 is a comp>atively mod]n w>e made at ,k+-teh-*94 ,x takes its "n f ! place ( export4 ,x is1 9 ! /rict application ( ! t]m1 n old] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,*9ese began to use import$ cobalt2 b z n[ employ$1 x includes all ,*9ese porcela9 ) blue-&-:ite decoration4 ,! folly ( su* an unmean+ subdivision f9ds its rew>d 9 ! confusion ( ! /ud5t4 ,! blue-&-:ite is n only ! olde/ ( all ,*9ese decoration 9 colors1 b is f\nd ^u "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & valuable works4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4--,pe>l4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4--,sonor\s ,/one4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4--,tablet ( ,honor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh4--,sacr$ ,axe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gi4--;,celosia4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4--,treasures ( ,writ+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4--,outang4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4--;,a ,%ell4 ,! be/ pieces1 :e!r anci5t or mod]n1 are di/+ui%$ by ! purity ( ! :ite & ! cle>ness ( ! blue4 ,to ?is class belong ! ,k\an-ki already ref]r$ to z hav+ be5 made soon aft] ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury at ,k+-teh-*94 ,^! productions frequ5tly be> c]ta9 honorific m>ks1 f :i* _! de/9ation c be inf]r$4 ,! lead+ symbols are eight 9 numb]2 & :51 z is v (t5 ! case1 !y h a ribbon atta*$1 ! pieces are design$ = sacr$ use4 ,?us ! pe>l 7,fig4 #ge7 m>ks pieces de/9$ = poets or lit]ati1 & is ! symbol ( tal5t4 ,x v>ies slightly 9 =m1 be+ 9 "s cases v small1 ) a conical top1 & 9 o!rs resembl+ a flatt5$ sph]e4 ,! 8sonor\s /one0 7,fig4 #gf7 is = judges or magi/rates1 & 0 hung above _! door or at ! temple gates1 to be /ruck by ^? seek+ an audi5ce4 ,pieces ) ?is m>k 71 !re=e1 exclusively = ! use ( judges4 ,! ,k\ei1 or tablet ( honor 7,fig4 #gg71 is ! symbol ( (fice4 ,x 0 giv5 by ! emp]or to 8 noble function>ies1 :o 7 requir$ to hold x :5 dis*>g+ ! duties ( _! (fice1 & dur+ an audi5ce4 ,! sacr$ axe 7,fig4 #gh7 is ! m>k ( w>riors4 ,! cockscomb 7,fig4 #gi7 is ! symbol ( longevity4 ,! 8sacr$ ?+s0 or 8treasures ( writ+0 7,fig4 #hj7 are ! emblems ( ! le>n$1 & consi/ ( pap]1 p5cil or bru%1 ink & pumice-/one4 ,! outang 7,fig4 #ha7 is a leaf1 ! significance ( :i* is n und]/ood4 ,x is frequ5tly f\nd on ! bottom ( pieces4 ,! mean+ ( ! univalve %ell 7,fig4 #hb7 is also unkn[n4 ,^! m>ks & _m o!rs are f\nd v>i\sly dispos$ ^u blue-&-:ite porcela94 ,9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #hc7 ! pe>l1 ! sonor\s /one1 & ! ,k\ei are se5 9 comb9ation ) o!rs1 & ! inf]5ce is t ! piece 0 int5d$ = a man ( lett]s1 ( noble rank1 :o also held ! (fice ( magi/rate4 ,! lace or lambrequ9 decoration r\nd ! bord] is exce$+ly ri* & f9e1 & %[s at once :5ce ! arti/s ( ,r\5 borr[$ _! favorite design4 ,9 o!r pieces ! honorific m>ks are introduc$ 9 ! design1 or appe> ^u ! neck ( vases1 or are s dispos$ z to con/itute ! *ief ornam5ts4 ,! latt] arrangem5t is exemplifi$ 9 a small vase1 also 9 ,mr4 ,runkle's collection1 :]e ! symbols are susp5d$ "o above ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hc4--;,blue-&-:ite ,plaque1 ) ,honorific ,m>ks4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,!re is 9 ,mr4 ,av]y's collection a ,m+ b[l1 or cup ( 8! le>n$10 :i* closely resembles "o describ$ by ,jacquem>t4 ,! rim projects slightly1 & 9 panels res]v$ 9 ! bord] are ! honorific m>ks4 ,! au?or is repres5t$ seat$ at a table1 deep 9 m$itation1 9 ! v ?roes ( composition4 ,f 8 =ehead issues a scroll :i* exp&s into ! semblance ( a cl\d1 :]e9 are depict$ by ! arti/ ! sc5es ( ! drama :i* ! poet is compos+4 ,?is me?od ( repres5t+ lit]>y travail is 9 our "t left to ! c>icaturi/2 b x is1 nev]!less1 a vivid way ( giv+ arti/ic =m to ! ?\ghts pass+ 9 ! bra9 ( 8! le>n$40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hd4--;,blue-&-:ite4 ,eight ,*9ese ,cele/ials /&+ on ,cl\ds4 7,w4 ,l4 ,&rews ,coll47 ,! blue-&-:ite w amply repay ! mo/ c>eful & critical /udy4 ,?is is absolutely necess>y if we w\ld di/+ui% n only ! art :i* is ,*9ese1 b ! be/ ( ! ,*9ese--t emanat+ f ,k+-teh-t*9--f ! works ( o!r factories4 ,! influ5ce ( ! imp]ial factory is felt ?r\gh\t ! empire4 ,its /yles & me?ods are copi$ & adopt$1 b imp]ial patronage1 & ! res\rces ( a factory c>ri$ on "u ! highe/ political auspices1 make ! "w ( prov9cial imitators difficult4 ,!n1 aga91 ! blue-&-:ite ( ,japan is sometimes mi/ak5 = t ( ,*9a1 & x mu/ be confess$ t ! diff]5ce is n always easily detect$4 ,close obs]vation1 h[ev]1 %[s t ! :ite ( ! ,japanese diff]s f ! ,*9ese1 & t ! blue is less s(t4 ,! :ite ( ,japanese pieces is pur]1 & sometimes x is :at we und]/& by ! phrase 8dead :ite20 t is1 x resembles *alk1 & lacks cle>ness4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! color does n d]ive f ! glaze ! s(tness & transp>5cy ( ! ,nank9 blue1 b appe>s to lie ^u ! surface 9 h>d] outl9e & ) less dep?4 ,besides ! ,japanese1 !re are qualities ( blue f ,india1 ,p]sia1 & o!r c\ntries1 :i* require c>eful exam9ation to prev5t _! be+ conf\nd$ ) ^? ( ,*9a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #he4--;,blue-&-:ite ,lancelle ,vase1 ,m+ ,dyna/y4 7,w4 ,l4 ,&rews ,coll47 ,an exceptional /yle ( decorat+ blue-&-:ite ,*9ese porcela9 is t 9 :i* a light buff1 v>y+ at times to a cle> br[n1 is m+l$ ) ! blue4 ,?is is se5 9 b&s surr\nd+ ! necks ( bottles & simil>ly %ap$ pieces1 & is also occasionally m+l$ ) ! blue on ! necks ( vases4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf4--;,blue-&-:ite ,*9ese4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,z to ! =ms & /yles ( decoration ( blue-&-:ite porcela91 !y are too v>i$ to p]mit ( classification4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ %apes are to be f\nd 9 ?is class1 & also "s ( ! mo/ unique & curi\s4 ,beak]s1 ) gracefully exp&+ necks alt]nate ) clumsy pieces )\t any claim to beauty ( =m1 & ^!1 aga91 ) su* elegant %apes z ! ,lancelle 7,fig4 #he74 ,! decoration includes e /yle kn[n to ,*9ese art4 ,on ! ,k\an-tse are dragons wri?+ 9 tortu\s folds among ! cl\ds or 9 ! wat]1 & fl[]s pr(usely scatt]$ )\t any attempt at ord]ly disposal4 ,on o!rs are hi/orical sc5es1 lang liz5--! long "y ladies ( ,dut* trad]s--lace or lambrequ9 patt]ns1 & _m o!r designs4 ,! palm-leaf is v effectively us$4 ,9 a beak] 9 ,mr4 ,runkle's collection1 ! conical leaves are arrang$ r\nd ! body1 :5ce !y rise t[>d ! top & desc5d t[>d ! bottom1 & !reby give emphasis to ! %ape z x exp&s to ! lip & base4 ,9 su* an arrangem5t ! ta/e ( ! ,*9ese arti/ is infallible4 ,! disposition ( ! decoration1 :i* at fir/ seems /iff & =mal1 is n only 9 h>mony ) ! %ape ( ! beak]1 b is ! only "o by :i* its beauty ( =m c\ld be fully br\ght out4 ,:5 hi/orical incid5ts are ! subjects ( ! pa9t+1 ! execution ( ! figures is admirable4 ,x is 9 su* pieces t we c be/ appreciate ! accuracy ( ! arti/1 & 8 admirable control ( 8 bru%4 ,he und]/&s t a few judici\s /rokes may h a f9]1 &1 by _! sugge/iv5ess1 a full]1 effect ?an cr[d$ detail & ! mo/ delicate %ad+4 ,!y %[1 fur!r1 t ! art ( decorat+ a vase ) human figures consi/s 9 judgm5t z mu* z 9 execution4 ,?us1 :]e ! =ms are di/ort$ & ! unity ( ! composition de/roy$ by ! %ape ( ! vase & ! disposition ( ! figures1 n only is ! decoration unpleas+1 b ! arti/ fails 9 rea*+ ! effect aim$ at4 ,^! are faults ( :i* ! ,*9ese arti/s are seldom guilty1 & _! skill 9 ov]com+ ! difficulties pres5t$ by ! curves or angles ( ! object to be decorat$ c be bett] /udi$ 9 a collection ( blue-&-:ite ?an among ! porcela9 ( any o!r family4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t only "o color is employ$1 ! div]sity ( ! results is wond]ful4 ,9 _m cases ?is is effect$ by app>5tly v>y+ ! application ( ! pigm5t1 & lay+ x on m ?ickly 9 "s places ?an 9 o!rs4 ,we h se5 ?is exemplifi$ on a vase :]e ! ornam5tation 0 *iefly floral1 & ! fl[]s 7 pa9t$ s ?9ly z to give ! effect ( a di/9ct & pal] %ade ( color4 ,we h also se5 pieces :]e ! diff]5ces ( %ade 7 s regul> & /rik+ z to leave little d\bt t two di/9ct qualities ( blue 7 us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hg4--;,blue-&-:ite ,*9ese1 8,haw?orn0 ,patt]n4 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,:5 ! ,*9ese arti/ condesc5ds to adopt a regul> patt]n1 8 att5tion is direct$ to reliev+ ! monotony ( repetition by div]sity ( detail4 ,9 ! vase 7,fig4 #hf7 !re are at lea/ six di/9ct /yles ( edg+1 & a slight *ange 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! same patt]n on ! body & neck gives all ! v>iety ( two di/9ct designs4 ,a well-kn[n b r>e patt]n is t call$ ,haw?orn 7,fig4 #hg7 by ,europeans1 on ! lucus a non luc5do pr9ciple1 s9ce ! s-call$ 8haw?orn0 is ! blossom ( c]ta9 fruit-trees bett] kn[n to ! ,cele/ials4 ,9 ?is ! blue is ! gr\nd-color1 & 9 x ! decoration1 consi/+ ( sprigs ( bud & blossom1 is res]v$4 ,! gr\nd is v>i$ ) d>k blue l9es1 z if to simulate crackle1 & ! sections are %ad$ s z to h ! appe>ance ( ov]lapp+ ea* o!r4 ,! irregul> l9es & *ang+ t9ts n only relieve ! gr\nd ( monotony1 b enri* ! g5]al effect1 & give ! blue additional dep? & transp>5cy4 ,! illu/ration gives a good idea ( ! fre$om ) :i* ! spray is dispos$1 & ! good ta/e ) :i* its arrangem5t is adapt$ to ! %ape ( ! vase4 ,! decoration is g5]ally appli$ to vases & pots ( ! %ape giv5 above4 ,fur!r examples are 9 ! collections ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr41 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,&rews4 ,!re are also _m small] pieces1 su* z plates1 n>r[ cyl9drical beak]s1 & o!rs1 ^u :i* x may be se54 ,^! are repres5t$ 9 ! collections ( ,mr4 ,francis ,rob9son & ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,walt]s4 ,9 su* pieces z ^? la/ m5tion$ ! gr\nd is less brok5 up by l9es1 & 9 "s cases ! :ite is res]v$ 9 a gr\nd ( unbrok5 pale blue4 ,9 ! second specim5 7,fig4 #hh7 ! :ite blossom is us$ ) a m sp>+ h& ?an 9 ! o!rs1 & ! eye m readily appreciates ! wond]fully beautiful %ad+ ( ! ov]lapp+ sections4 ,! unev5ness ( surface is also m p]ceptible to ! t\*1 &1 to use a famili> illu/ration1 resembles ! ov]lapp+ ( slates ^u a ro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hh4--;,blue-&-:ite 8,haw?orn0 ,vase4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,al?\gh n belong+ to ! same family1 we may "h ref] to a r>e vase 7,fig4 #hi71 :i* supplies u ) a rem>kably f9e specim5 ( a k9dr$ /yle ( ornam5tation4 ,9 ?is case ! gr\nd is black1 & ! 8haw?orn10 or plum-tree1 sprays1 ) :ite fl[]s1 are wrea!d gracefully ov] its surface4 ,! gre5 ( ! leaves w\ld lead u to class x ) ! ,gre5 family4 ,! piece is1 h[ev]1 exceptional1 s9ce black is1 z a rule1 seldom introduc$ to any great ext5t 9 decoration4 ,to :at fabric or age %all we attribute x8 ,x is possibly a specim5 ( ! skill ( ,?ang-kong1 :o liv$ betwe5 #agcf & #agie1 & 0 director ( ! ,imp]ial works4 ,?ang n only reproduc$ "s ( ! anci5t colors1 su* z ! d>k-blue & r$1 b gave full sway to 8 own inv5tive g5ius4 ,among 8 orig9al works are a purple1 a black enamel1 & a black enamel ) :ite fl[]s1 :i* suits ! description ( ! unique specim5 ref]r$ to4 ,x is1 9 any ev5t1 by reason bo? ( its graceful %ape & decoration1 des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4--;,*9ese ,porcela94 ,:ite 8,haw?orn0 on ,black4 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,to return to ! blue-&-:ite1 !re are specim5s1 g5]ally plaques1 ) fl[]s resembl+ a/]s1 pa9t$ 9 blue 7,fig4 #ij74 ,"o has "s difficulty 9 br++ ! =mal arrangem5t ( ^! fl[]s into accord ) ,*9ese art z we f9d x else:]e4 ,! fl[]s are regul>ly dispos$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! plaques1 & repeat$1 9 small] size1 9 a s+le r[ r\nd ! rim4 ,x seems m ?an probable t ! /yle is borr[$ or slightly modifi$1 & "o is /r5g!n$ 9 su* a supposition by ! fact t x is seldom1 if ev]1 f\nd ^u pieces z pure 9 pa/e z ! av]age ,*9ese porcela94 ,possibly1 ) ! int5tion ( foll[+ 8 model m closely1 ! ,*9ese arti/ design$ly resort$ to an inf]ior body1 su* z might h rea*$ ,*9a f ,p]sia4 ,!re are c]ta9 pieces ( blue-&-:ite 9 :i* bo? ,p]sian =ms & ,p]sian /yles ( decoration h be5 foll[$1 & ^! introduce ! g5]al subject ( ,p]sian influ5ce z felt 9 ,*9a4 ,x fir/ manife/$ itself z f> back z ! ,si\5-te p]iod 7#adbf7 ( ! ,m+ dyna/y1 & is fur!r repres5t$ by pieces belong+ to ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4 ,! mo/ easily recogniz$ are ^? 9 :i* ! ,p]sian =m is adopt$1 al?\gh ! pa/e alone w\ld lead "o to ascribe !m to ,*9a1 z x is inv>iably f9] ?an any?+ kn[n to h come f ,p]sia4 ,!re is 9 ,mr4 ,runkle's collection a ew] decorat$ ) fl[]s 9 light-blue1 resembl+ t ( ,t*'a porcela91 ! fam\s 8blue ( ! sky aft] ra940 ,real examples ( ?is old blue mu/ ne$s be r>e1 s9ce ! porcela91 v>i\sly call$ ,t*'a1 ,t*e\1 & ,t*i-tsong1 01 l ! old :ite1 valu$1 ev5 9 fragm5ts1 z highly z jewels4 ,a second f ! same collection is giv5 on ! foll[+ page 7,fig4 #ia74 ,! panels are black1 ! fl[] & bord] decoration are 9 p9k1 gre51 & yell[1 & %[ ! v>iety & execution di/9ctive ( ,*9ese "w4 ,!re are _m pieces ( ! same class 9 :i* ! arti/ has attempt$ to foll[ ! ,p]sian /yles m closely1 b ev5 a slight exam9ation c leave little d\bt ( _! ,*9ese orig94 ,9 connection ) ! blue-&-:ite decoration may be m5tion$ ! vases ( sea-gre5 cladon1 9 :i* panels ( :ite are res]v$4 ,on ^! are figures ( m5 & animals1 l&scapes or fl[]s1 9 blue4 ,a favorite =m1 & "o well suit$ to ?is /yle ( decoration1 is a squ>e bottle or vase1 ! sides ( :i* enable ! arti/ to pa9t ! design 9 blue ^u ! flat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4--;,a/] ,decoration4 ,blue-&-:ite4 7,w4 ,l4 ,&rews ,coll47 ,( ! o!r blues :i* 7 us$ z gr\nd colors1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s is ! turquoise obta9$ f copp]4 ,x has all ! cle> dep? ( ! /one f :i* x takes its "n1 a liquid transp>5cy else:]e unequall$4 ,x appe>s on a great v>iety ( pieces--gods1 kyl9s1 birds1 dogs1 & vases4 ,! latt] are v (t5 grav$ 9 ! pa/e1 aft] designs m or less ornate4 ,9 ! specim5 giv5 7,fig4 #ib71 :i* is v f9ely crackl$1 ! leaves are b\nd toge!r by a zone decorat$ ) ! ,greek fret4 ,! lapis lazuli blue has a deep] t9t1 & is usually decorat$ ) gold4 ,x is us$ z a gr\nd color1 & f9e specim5s lead "o to "q ! appropriat5ess ( ! "n1 z ! porcela9 s decorat$ has a brilliancy & dep? f> 9 advance ( ! comp>atively dull /one4 ,! color is occasionally employ$ 9 ,p]sian decoration1 & v>ies 9 %ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia4--;,*9ese ,porcela94 ,p]sian ,/yle4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,! maz>9e blue is simil>ly treat$1 & is also effectively height5$ by a sup]-ornam5tation ( gold ( diff]5t %ades4 ,!re are _m o!r t9ts to :i* x is h>d to give ev5 a di/9ctive "n4 ,!y illu/rate ! extreme p>tiality ( ! ,*9ese = ?is color1 a p>tiality :i* has nev] wav]$ = at lea/ sixte5 c5turies4 ,x has be5 ! means ( giv+ to ! _w a great] numb] ( beautiful works ( art ?an w\ld o!rwise seem to be )9 ! rea* ( ! mo/ skilful manipulation & ! mo/ prolific fancy1 :5 re/rict$ to a s+le color4 ,! s\ffl porcela9 w be h]eaft] notic$1 b 9 ! mean "t1 to prev5t misappreh5sion1 ref]5ce may be made to ! bleu f\ett1 a /yle sometimes conf\nd$ ) ! s\ffl4 ,x is less deep 9 %ade ?an ! lapis lazuli1 & has a mottl$ appe>ance4 ,x is us$ z a gr\nd color1 9 :i* are sections ( :ite1 & on ! latt] are brilliant designs 9 r$1 gre51 & gold4 ,! effect is ri*1 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! panel pa9t+ & ! m sombre gr\nd color is v /rik+4 ,!re are also blues spla%$ ov] ) spots ( r$ & lilac1 & _m o!rs1 su* z ! 8transmutation0 or fla%$ glaze1 illu/rative ( ! magical dext]ity ( ! ,*9ese workman4 ,:at on fir/ sight seems ! result ( an accid5t 9 ! kiln1 w (t5 prove to be t ( a c>efully conduct$ op]ation & delib]ate int5tion4 ,we may n[ glance briefly at ! v>i\s fabrics ( ! ,m+ ,dyna/y1 9 _! *ronological ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4--,turquoise-blue ,*9ese ,porcela94 ,truit ,crackle4 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll41 ,new ,york ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,! e/abli%m5t ( an imp]ial factory at ,k+-teh-*91 z above /at$1 m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ! ,m+1 dur+ :i* 7#acfh-afdi7 ! art rose to its highe/ level4 ,aft] ! blue ,k\an-ki came vases & vessels ( v>i\s colors & /yles ( decoration4 ,betwe5 #adjc & #adbd1 egg-%ell porcela91 s call$ f its rem>kable ?9ness1 0 fir/ issu$ f ,k+-teh-*91 & betwe5 #adfe & #adhg rea*$ its greate/ excell5ce & f95ess4 ,x 0 made z ?9 z pap]1 & 0 s favorably reg>d$ by ! emp]ors t !y gave rew>ds to ^? mak+ ! f9e/ pieces4 ,its gauzy transp>5t t5uity is effect$ by gr9d+ x d[n aft] glaz+4 ,vases1 z well z cups1 etc41 7 made ( egg-%ell1 :i* at a lat] date 0 pa9t$ 9 colors4 ,! fifte5? c5tury saw ! greate/ triumphs ( ,*9ese arti/s4 ,f #adbf to #adce1 ! ,si\5-te p]iod1 v brilliant blue1 r$1 :ite1 & ve9$ crackle 0 made4 ,repres5tations ( crickets 7 a fa%ionable /yle ( ornam5tation4 ,aft]w>d1 betwe5 #adfe & #adhg1 al?\gh ! colors det]iorat$1 ! beauty ( ! ornam5tation increas$ t[>d its arti/ic extreme4 ,) ! sixte5? c5tury1 we h se5 t =eign mat]ial = ornam5tation began to be introduc$2 & al?\gh _m orig9al arti/s cont9u$ to appe>1 o!rs re/rict$ !mselves almo/ exclusively to ! imitation ( anci5t w>es4 ,t*e\1 :o liv$ betwe5 #aefg & #afai1 took p>ticul> delight 9 puzzl+ collectors by skilful c\nt]feits ( ! mo/ fam\s1 r>e1 & valuable old w>es4 ,accord+ to a /ory told by ,juli51 he imitat$ ! anci5t ,t+ :ite1 made f ?ree to six hundr$ ye>s be=e 8 "t1 s closely1 t he dup$ ! mo/ acute collectors4 ,m ?an a c5tury lat]1 betwe5 #agce & #agie1 ,?ang-kong1 already ref]r$ to1 display$ great imitative skill4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 evid5t1 & a matt] ( regret1 t1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! c]amic art ( ,*9a decl9$4 ,:ile ! mat]ials employ$ are /ill equal to ! mo/ anci5t1 ! ornam5tation aft] t date became1 z a rule1 manife/ly inf]ior4 ,to :at ext5t a m intimate int]c\rse ) =eign]s & ! m ext5d$ dem&s ( trade result+ !refrom may h contribut$ to su* a result1 we ne$ n n[ inquire4 ,! great] rapidity ( execution necessitat$ by increas+ ord]s f abroad1 & ! influ5ce ( ,european models1 _h no d\bt _! effect4 ,all ! be/ pieces 7 reta9$ = native use1 & only ! inf]ior qualities 7 export$4 ,! e/imation 9 :i* ! ,*9ese hold ! r>] pieces is fur!r illu/rat$ by ! fact t specim5s :i* h f\nd _! way to ,europe h be5 s5t back to ,*9a to be sold1 because !re !y w\ld realize high] prices4 ,_m ( ! bett] k9ds h nev] be5 se5 9 ,europe2 & :5 9 addition to ?is x is rememb]$ t1 :ile skill$ 9 production1 ! ,*9ese 7 equally clev] 9 imitation ) fraudul5t int5t1 _m o!r k9ds are 9 all likelihood really unkn[n beyond ! b\nds ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire4 ,!re are1 besides ! works ( su* an arti/ z ,?ang-kong1 exceptional pieces ( ! ,tai-?s+ ,dyna/y1 especially ^? ( ! ,ki5-long p]iod1 dur+ :i* ,?ang-kong liv$1 t are 9 e way admirable4 ,"o example ( ?is p]iod 7,fig4 #ic7 has a gr\nd color ( light gre51 ov]run ) a graceful floriat$ design grav$ 9 ! pa/e1 & hav+ res]v$ panels1 9 :i* are a l&scape on "o side & a tree & bird on ! o!r4 ,9 ano!r ! gr\nd is a delicate p9k1 & ! figures are rais$4 ,examples might be multipli$ to any ext5t1 :i* %[ t1 h[ev] faulty ! lat] specim5s may be1 !re is no lack ( v>iety4 ,! arti/s resort$ to e /yle ( decoration )9 ! rea* ( _! skill1 & "s exce$+ly beautiful porcela9 ( v>i\s families w be f\nd to belong to ! ,ki5-long p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ic--,ki5-long ,gre5 ,porcela9 ,vase4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,! ,tai-?s+ ,dyna/y is also m>k$ by ! production ( ! vases call$ 8,m&>910 usually1 b 9 our op9ion mi/ak5ly1 ascrib$ to ,japan4 ,! hi/ory ( ,*9a at ?is "t is = our pres5t purpose valuable4 ,s long z ! two dyna/ies 7 at w>1 art 0 neglect$2 & we !re=e f9d t1 = sev]al ye>s prior to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,t>t> ,dyna/y1 ! manufactories gave out no works ( note4 ,:5 ! ,tai-?s+s 7 firmly seat$ on ! ?rone ! art receiv$ a new impulse4 ,:ile ,khang-hi reign$ 7#affa-agbb71 ,?ang-+-si\5 0 director ( ! imp]ial factory1 & made two yell[s1 a gre5 & blue4 ,he 0 succe$$ 9 #agbb by ,ni51 :o 0 equally successful1 & 9 #agcf 0 associat$ ) ! arti/ ,?ang-kong be=e m5tion$4 ,aft] ,ki5-long1 ! f\r? ( ! ,t>t> ,dyna/y1 ! art w5t rapidly d[nw>d4 ,x w be obs]v$ f ^! few facts t :5 ! decl9e ( ,*9ese art is spok5 ( z beg9n+ ) ! eighte5? c5tury1 all[ance mu/ be made = ! *eck exp]i5c$ "u ,ki5-long 7#agcf-agie74 ,:5 he asc5d$ ! ?rone !re 71 accord+ to ,m4 ,juli51 fifty-sev5 manufactories ( porcela9 9 ,*9a1 ( :i* sev5 besides t ( ,k+-teh-*9 7 9 ! prov9ce ( ,kiang-si4 ,:atev] condition art may h be5 91 !re 0 pla9ly no /agnation 9 production4 ,& n[ z to ! m&>9 vases1 :i* /rictly reflect ! hi/ory ( ,*9a3 ! ^w 8m&>90 is appli$ to all ! public function>ies ( ,*9a1 &1 9 ! decoration ( porcela91 includes all ! figures ) toque & ve/ se5 on ! vases ( ?is p]iod4 ,:5 ! ,t>t> ,dyna/y came 91 "o ( ! fir/ imp]ial acts 0 to issue an ord] t c]ta9 new cu/oms %\ld be adh]$ to1 & old ones r5\nc$4 ,?\gh politic1 9 t5d+ to erase ev5 ! remembrance ( ! de?ron$ ,m+s1 ! act 0 9 c]ta9 p>ticul>s a cruelty to ! cons]vative ,*9ese4 ,x involv$ 9 _! eyes degradation to ! level ( ! victori\s ,t>t>2 & r ?an con=m to ! ord] requir+ ! head to be %av$1 _m 7 will+ t x %\ld be cut (f4 ,con=mity came 9 "t1 & ! pigtail 0 an accept$ necessity4 ,*anges 9 co/ume 7 also gradually effect$4 ,( ^! ! mo/ m>k$ features are ! roll$-up cap or toque & ! %ort coat4 ,to di/+ui% ! n9e ord]s ( public (fic]s1 ! mo/ m9ute regulations 7 issu$4 ,^! affect$ *iefly ! button on ! toque1 ! squ>es on ! front & back ( ! coat1 & ! decoration ( ! belt4 ,! m&>9 vases ^u :i* ^! co/umes are se51 are ?ick 9 ! pa/e & frequ5tly unev5 on ! surface4 ,! hexagonal =m1 z well z ! g5]al features ( ! decoration1 7 foll[$ & made famili> to ,europeans by ! pott]s ( ,delft4 ,! decoration is s v>i$ t ! gr\p is divid$ by ,jacquem>t into six sections4 ,! *ief colors are p9k1 lilac1 gre51 iron r$1 ,indian ink1 gold & black4 ,! pa9t+ is n execut$ aft] ! usual ,*9ese fa%ion1 & ! faces 9 p>ticul> are f9i%$ ) a m9ute c>e sugge/ive ( an influ5ce n felt be=e ?is p]iod4 ,:at conc]ns u *iefly at pres5t is ! reason giv5 by ,jacquem>t = assign+ ! entire gr\p to ,japanese workman%ip4 ,he says3 8,! special "* ( ?is co/ume m>ks out p]fectly ! gr\p ( porcela9 ^u :i* x is to be f\nd4 ,x (f]s1 besides1 ! advantage ( r5d]+ inconte/able ! ,japanese orig9 ( ^! porcela9s4 ,! arti/s ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire h nev] repres5t$ m&>9s 9 _! lacqu]-"w1 c>v$ wood or ivories1 vases1 bronzes1 h>d or s(t /ones2 no au!ntic ni5-hao piece has depict$ any?+ besides ! h]oes ( anci5t times & ! subjects ( anci5t hi/ory4 ,x 0 left to neighbor+ nations1 at ! same "t inquisitive & comm]cial1 to multiply ^u ! vases ?is execrat$ co/ume1 impos$ only aft] a "t by =ce40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id4--;,*9ese ,m+ ,vases4 ,:ite ,gr\nd4 ,9 m$allions1 gre5 & br[n *>act]s & figures4 ,d>k] "p r$ & :ite1 ) gre5 fl[]s4 7,geo4 ,r4 ,hall ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,?is appe>s r a slight reason = giv+ ! entire gr\p to ,japan4 ,let u look back to hi/ory4 ,f ! ,wan-li p]iod ( ! ,m+ 7#afai7 to ! f9al fall ( ! dyna/y 9 #afdg1 or f ! irruption ( ! ,t>t>s 9 #afaf d[n to #affb1 ! ,khang-hi p]iod ( ! ,tai-?s+s1 we "k ( no porcela9 hav+ be5 made2 b 9 t p]iod1 z we h se51 ! indu/ry reviv$4 ,x is !n t we aga9 f9d a director at ,k+-teh-*91 & sev5ty ye>s lat] ,?ang-kong 0 reviv+ ! bright r$ & devis+ ! gold ornam5tation on black :i* we f9d on ! m&>9 vases4 ,jacquem>t sugge/s 8"s ye>s0 aft] #afaf z ! date :5 ! ,t>t> co/ume 0 appli$ to vases4 ,x is probable t x 0 at lea/ f fifty to sev5ty ye>s aft] t date1 & t ! be/ specim5s belong to ! ,ki5-long p]iod1 :i* began 9 #agcf4 ,aft] #affb ! imp]ial factory 0 app>5tly z mu* "u ! ,emp]or's control z x _h be5 "u ! ,m+s2 9 :i* case he c\ld1 x is presum$1 ord] su* pa9t+s & figures 9 su* co/umes z he pleas$4 ,we "k1 fur!r1 t 9 #afih two =eign arti/s--an ,italian & a ,fr5*man--7 at ! palace giv+ ! ,*9ese sev]al new ideas ab\t art1 especially1 z we %all see1 ab\t p]spective4 ,?is may1 9 "p1 acc\nt = ! m9iature appe>ance ( ! face pa9t+s on ! m&>9 vases4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 no o/5sible reason = assign+ to ! ,japanese ! orig9ation ( a /yle ( decoration at v>iance ) ev]y?+ else we "k ( ! e>ly traditions ( _! art1 al?\gh !y foll[$ x aft]w>d4 ,we might r look to ,india4 ,we "k1 at lea/1 t dur+ ! ,ki5-long p]iod ! ,*9ese incurr$ & ackn[l$g$ c]ta9 debts to ,india1 & x is 9 ! same c\ntry t we f9d ! be/ m9iature pa9t+ ( ! ,ea/4 ,su* a supposition w\ld also acc\nt = ! unusual type pres5t$ by "s ( ! m&>9s ) long po9t$ be>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie4--,m+ ,vase4 ,hi/orical ,subject4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,an app>5tly fanciful gr\p+ ( ,*9ese porcela9 orig9at$ ) ,alb]t ,jacquem>t & ,edmond ,le ,blant4 ,!y divide x into f\r families1 ! ,ar*aic1 ! ,*rysan!mo-,ponian1 ! ,gre51 & ! ,rose3 ,cladon1 ,crackle1 ,:ite1 ,blue1 ,turquoise-blue1 ,violet1 ,bronze1 & ,lacqu] are class$ z exceptional4 ,! ,*rysan!mo-,ponian is s call$ f ! preval5ce ( *rysan!mums & ponies on ! gr\nd1 & ! ,gre5 & ,rose f ! pr$om9at+ colors4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! h\sehold ornam5ts ( ,*9a1 g>d5 vases1 & table-w>es belong to ! fir/ ( ^! classes4 ,blues1 r$1 & gold m+le ) ea* o!r1 & are reliev$ by gre51 & sometimes black4 ,r$ & blue gr\nds w be f\nd ) designs 9 :ite1 gre51 & yell[2 or a ri* gold w be ov]spread ) gre51 pale buff1 & :ite2 or ! gr\nd itself w be :ite1 on :i* are designs 9 black1 fill$ ) gorge\s fl[]s4 ,^! are ! works ( arti/s ^: skill & +5uity are almo/ z limitless z _! fancy4 ,!re is no law b ! h>mony dem&$ by a florid ta/e1 no aim b effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4--;,gre5 ,family4 ,m+ ,dyna/y4 7,f4 ,rob9son ,coll47 ,gre5 0 ! imp]ial color "u ! ,m+ ,dyna/y 7#acfh71 & ! great] portion ( ! ornam5tation ( ?is family has ei!r a religi\s or a political significance4 ,! bright copp]-gre5 lies p]fectly transp>5t ^u ! pure :ite pa/e4 ,we h already se5 ! eight immortals rid+ ^u cl\ds1 9 a piece ( blue-&-:ite1 & ! design is repeat$ly met ^u pieces ( ! ,gre5 family4 ,x is "h1 9 %ort1 t we h ! be/ opportunity ( /udy+ ! religi\s sy/em & symbols ( ,*9a4 ,dragons are repres5t$ ) diabolical f]ocity2 cranes1 kyl9s1 fong-hoangs1 are int]m+l$ ) floral designs1 9 :i* are a/]s & o!r fl[]s1 & insects4 ,on ! sacrificial cups ( ?is family1 dragons ) =k$ tails climb ! h&les1 or hang head d[nw>d f ! lip1 :ile a hide\s dragon-head is introduc$ 9 ! sides4 ,f ^! grotesque & t]rible figures we turn to ! pieces ( a hi/orical "*4 ,! sc5es depict$ are *iefly tak5 f ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,*9a1 :i* 0 z prolific a s\rce ( ideas to ! ,*9ese arti/ z classical hi/ory & leg5d to ! poets ( ,europe4 ,vases ( ?is "* are also des]v+ ( /udy1 z illu/rat+ to a f>!r ext5t ?an 0 done 9 ! ,introduction t aspect ( ! pott]'s art 9 :i* x appe>s z ! h&maid & illum9ator ( hi/ory4 ,! ,*9ese arti/ is r>ely se5 to bett] advantage ?an :5 pa9t+ vases ( ?is family4 ,) a ri* palette compris+ ! prevail+ gre51 blues ( e %ade1 violet1 r$1 yell[1 gold1 & black1 he produces effects ( ! mo/ *>m+ beauty4 ,:5 gre5 is us$ z a gr\nd color1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,ki5-long vase ref]r$ to 7,fig4 #ic71 ei!r x cov]s ! entire surface1 or res]ves are left = ! l&scape or trees4 ,9 ! =m] case ! fruit1 fl[]s1 & leaves lie ^u ! bright-gre5 enamel4 ,to ! pieces 9 :i* gre5 is m+l$ ) yell[ & blue ^u a :ite gr\nd1 produc+ ! effect ( v>iegat$ m>ble1 ! ,*9ese give ! "n ( ,ouan-l\-hoang4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4--;,*9ese ,plate4 ,rose ,family4 ,sixte5? ,c5tury 7874 7,mrs4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,! ,rose family 7,fig4 #ig7 is di/+ui%$ by ! preval5ce ( ! color to :i* x owes its "n--a pale r$ appli$ ov] ! glaze4 ,x comprises :at may mo/ emphatically be call$ ! decorative porcela9 ( ,*9a4 ,! body is ! p]fection ( ,*9ese pa/e1 & ! decoration p>takes to ! full ( ! va/ weal? ( ,*9ese color4 ,) reg>d to =m1 ?is family repres5ts ! mo/ p]fect pieces 9 ! art ( ,*9a4 ,) ! exception ( ! old :ite & ! mod]n decorat$ ) blue1 ! ,?o-tai-khi1 8porcela9 )\t embryo10 or egg-%ell1 belongs almo/ exclusively to ?is family1 :i* is admirably repres5t$ 9 ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,&rews's collection4 ,9 su* pieces we fully appreh5d ! beauty ( ! 8rose-back0 decoration4 ,! ruby color is laid ^u ! back ( ! edge or rim ( plates & sauc]s1 & %9es ?r\gh ! ?9 pa/e ) ! s(tness ( ! p9k l9+ ( a %ell4 ,x w\ld be impossible to specify all ! me?ods ( decorat+ ! egg-%ell belong+ to ! ,rose family4 ,we see bord]s ( p9k & rais$ :ite enamel1 o!rs trac$ z delicately z ! f9e/ lace1 & /ill o!rs ) res]vations fill$ ) b\quets4 ,! decoration sometimes takes ! =m ( exquisite pa9t+s ( birds1 insects1 & fl[]s2 & :5 sc5es ) figures are introduc$1 !y are ( a totally diff]5t "* f ! religi\s & hi/orical subjects f\nd 9 ! ,gre5 family4 ,!y are drawn 9 "p f lit]ature1 & 9 "p f ! home life ( ! p4 ,!re is 9 ,mr4 ,av]y's collection at ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 a plate hav+ a rose bord] ) rais$ fl[]s1 & o!r objects 9 res]v$ sections4 ,9 ! c5tre is a "y girl surpris$1 z %e walks ! g>d5 at night1 by h] lov]1 :o1 hav+ ?r[n 8 %oes 9 advance1 is m\nt+ ! wall4 ,m4 ,jacquem>t in=ms u t ! incid5t is tak5 f ! 8,si-siang-ki10 or1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,pavilion ( ! ,we/1 a lyric drama compos$ by ,wang-*i-f\ ab\t ,a4,d4 #aaaj4 ,a frequ5t design is a home sc5e1 9 :i* a lady sits ne> a table att5d$ by two *ildr51 & ) "o or two vases /&+ r\nd4 ,^! glimpses ( dome/ic life af=d "s little insight into ! usages ( ! p1 ! c\rtesies ( society1 & ! occupation & pa/imes ( ! "y4 ,:5 ! pieces are l>g] 9 size1 ! subjects are tak5 f c\rt life1 & v r>ely f religion4 ,:5 /rong contra/s are resort$ to--z by color+ ! inside gre5 & ! outside rose--! effect is no less pleas+4 ,! comb9ations are almo/ confus+ 9 _! multiplicity1 & 9 ! ess5tial diff]5ces ( _! "*4 ,"o piece may h fl[]s & v>i\s h\sehold articles 7,fig4 #ii7 ^u a :ite gr\nd1 or rose may m+le ) turquoise & m>oon 9 ! bord]4 ,no?+ is too bold = ! ,*9ese arti/1 & no effect appe>s to be unatta9able or untri$4 ,he is equally at home pa9t+ on :ite enamel a delicate bord]1 or rivall+ ! ri* hues ( a gaudy butt]fly 9 a life-l imitation ( ! flutt]+ insect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih4--;,*9ese ,rose ,family4 7,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr41 ,coll47 ,be=e leav+ ! ,rose family1 let u glance at a few ( ! pieces ascrib$ to ,japan1 & :i* ought to be re/or$ to ,*9a4 ,to illu/rate ! difficulty ( assign+ !m1 ) positive c]ta9ty1 to ei!r c\ntry1 ! plate giv5 on page #adc may be ref]r$ to 7,fig4 #ajj74 ,mr4 ,&rews consid]s 8 piece ,japanese1 & 8 op9ion is support$ by ! fact t o!r specim5s1 also claim$ = ,japan1 h ! same subject pa9t$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,:5 a photograph ( ! piece 0 submitt$ to ! ,hon4 ,ju%ie ,yo%ida ,kiyon>i1 ! ,japanese ,m9i/] at ,wa%+ton1 he repli$3 8,x seems to me c]ta9 t ! subject1 z well z ! /yle ( ! pa9t+1 are /rictly ,*9ese2 & ?is mu* ,i w\ld say1 if ,i _h ! piece 9 my possession1 ,i c\ld n b consid] x z a good ,*9ese specim540 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ii4--;,*9ese ,b[l4 ,ri* ,decoration1 *iefly ,yell[ & ,rose4 ,height1 #aa 942 circumf]5ce1 #e ft4 #h 94 7,mrs4 ,john ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,:5 ,jacquem>t tries to f9d an orig9 = ! ,*9ese ,rose family1 he says3 8,does x issue f ! accid5tal discov]y ( ! r$ ( ,cassius8 ,is x contempor>y ) o!r porcela9s8 ,does x come f a p>ticul> c5tre8 ,we ?9k its creation is to be attribut$ to ! wi% ( imitat+ ! admirable porcela9 ( ,japan40 ,! same writ]1 9 treat+ ( :at he calls 8arti/ic0 porcela9 ( ! ,japanese ,rose family1 says3 8,if we requir$ to seek ! cause ( ^! modifications & ( ! p>ticul> /yle ( arti/ic porcela91 we %\ld f9d x 9 a desire ( rivall+ ! ,*9ese porcela9 ( ! ,rose family40 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,japanese ,rose sugge/$ ! ,*9ese ,rose1 & ! ,*9ese ,rose sugge/$ ! ,japanese ,rose--a /age at :i* ! discussion becomes nei!r lucid nor satisfactory4 ,! circum/ances lead+ to ! conf\nd+ ( ,*9ese & ,japanese porcela9 arose *iefly f trade4 ,! ,japanese are said to h gone to ,k+-teh-*91 ev5 9 e>ly times1 to buy porcela94 ,accord+ to ,duhalde1 ! ,*9ese repaid ! complim5t by load+ _! vessels ) ,japanese porcela9 on return+ f t c\ntry4 ,?is is corroborat$ by ! mission>ies at ,pek91 :o /ate t ! p !re highly priz$ ! ,japanese porcela91 :i* 01 9 consequ5ce1 bo? r>e & de>4 ,!y ev5 us$ x 9 pref]5ce to _! own 9 mak+ pres5ts to ! emp]or & gr&ees4 ,de ,p]e /ates t :5 ! ,emp]or wi%$ to s5d a pres5t ( porcela9 to ,pet] ! ,great1 he *ose t ( ,japan1 :]e1 says ! writ]1 ! p surpass ^? ( ,*9a 9 all ! arts & indu/ries4 ,we "k1 moreov]1 t ! ,japanese import ,*9ese egg-%ell = decoration1 t ! ,*9ese h borr[$ ! designs ( ! ,japanese1 & t ! ,japanese h borr[$ ^? ( ,*9a4 ,! mo/ skilful imitators 9 ! _w1 liv+ next door to ea* o!r1 complim5t$ ea* o!r's skill by mutual imitation4 ,!re are two *ronological po9ts t may help u to ?r[ "s light into ?is confusion1 :i* writ]s h succe$$ 9 mak+ twice conf\nd$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajj4--,rose-back ,egg-%ell4 7,w4 ,l4 ,&rews ,coll47 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! porcela9 ( ! ,rose family 0 at its be/ ab\t ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury & beg9n+ ( ! sixte5?4 ,jacquem>t1 !re=e1 argues t ! ,japanese imitations w\ld date f ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ! vitre\s enamell$ pieces w\ld g back1 at lea/1 to ! fifte5?4 ,he labors "u a v s]i\s mi/ake1 :i* evid5tly takes its rise 9 ! assumption t ! w>e made by ! ,japanese 9 ! sev5? c5tury 0 transluc5t pott]y1 or t ,kato-siro-ouye-mon1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 _h acquir$ ! art ( mak+ porcela94 ,we %all h&le ?is subject m 9 detail :5 treat+ ( ,japan2 b mean:ile let x be not$ t ! ,japanese !mselves call ! ?irte5? c5tury w>e /one-w>e1 & t !re is no reason = believ+ t porcela9 0 made 9 ,japan until ne> ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 or ab\t ! date assign$ by ,jacquem>t to ! s-call$ ,japanese imitations ( ! ,rose family ( ,*9a4 ,if ?is be admitt$1 x mu/ be suppos$ t ,japan began by imitat+ "s ( ! *oice/ works ( ,*9a1 & ^? pres5t+ ! greate/ difficulty to a beg9n] n p]fectly sure ( 8 practice4 ,! necess>y result ( ?is1 s f> z ,m4 ,jacquem>t is conc]n$1 w\ld be to transf] :at he calls arti/ic porcela9 to ,*9a4 ,9 any ev5t1 x is cle> t all repres5tatives ( t family :i* c be ascrib$ to a date e>li] ?an ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? or ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury are ,*9ese4 ,_m ye>s mu/ h elaps$ be=e ! ,japanese c\ld1 ) ,%onsui's assi/ance1 atta9 to su* p]fection 9 work+ a new mat]ial t _! w>e c\ld be mi/ak5 = t ( _! tea*]s4 ,! difficulties ( collectors are ?us re/rict$ to pieces :i* are comp>atively mod]n4 ,no?+ is m natural ?an t1 :5 ! manufacture 0 tempor>ily p>alyz$ 9 ,*9a by ! di/urbances att5d+ ! *ange f ! ,m+ to ! ,t>t> dyna/y1 = sev]al ye>s prior to #affb ! ,japanese %\ld h be/irr$ !mselves to supply ! dem& creat$ by ! regul> trade 9 ,*9a4 ,x is ( ?is p]iod1 & d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 t ! mission>ies write :5 !y speak ( ! dem& = ,japanese porcela94 ,x mu/ h be5 e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 also1 t ! imp]ial pres5t ( ,japanese porcela9 0 s5t to ,russia4 ,japanese art 0 ris+ z t ( ,*9a decl9$2 & s f> f sugge/+ ! ,rose decoration to ,*9a1 ! ,japanese ,rose 0 m]ely /riv+ to take its place1 :5 ! orig9al 0 pass+ away4 ,! ,japanese f\nd ! ,*9ese patronage valuable1 & !re=e !y tri$ to please _! cu/om]s by p]petuat+ ! /yles ( decoration ) :i* !y 7 famili>4 ,_! imitative skill makes ! task ( di/+ui%+ ! two fabrics "o ( consid]able difficulty1 ev5 ) ! limitations 9 po9t ( "t to :i* we h allud$4 ,! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics ( ,japanese porcela9 w be ref]r$ to 9 _! prop] place "u ,japan2 b1 9 ! mean "t1 x is evid5t t _m ( ! suppos$ ,japanese pieces1 ) dome/ic sc5es1 or ) fan-%ap$ res]vations 9 wide bord]s ( geometrical patt]ns1 & conta9+ brilliantly fea!r$ birds1 are ,*9ese4 ,we h n[ glanc$ at ! ?ree lead+ families1 ev5 :ile dispos$ to call 9 "q ! utility ( ! arrangem5t4 ,a classification ( ! above k9d has ! "o great objection1 t ! exceptions are s num]\s z to leave ! rule inapplicable to a va/ numb] ( ! mo/ int]e/+ specim5s4 ,&1 fur!r1 no p]fect arrangem5t is practicable4 ,! ,*9ese h always be5 imitators4 ,! pott]s & arti/s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury imitat$ ^? ( ! t5?2 ^? ( ! f\rte5? imitat$ _! pr$ecessors ( ! ?irte5?1 & s on4 ,any attempt at a *ronological arrangem5t1 ) any pret5sions to absolute tru?1 is1 = ?is & o!r reasons1 out ( ! "q4 ,! classification by families1 besides its necess>y defici5cies1 gives no assi/ance to "o /udy+ & try+ to ma/] ! pr9ciples ( ,*9ese art4 ,to su* an "o1 !re=e1 ! only c\rse is to take e specim5 at its arti/ic wor?4 ,he may f9d a l>ge proportion ( table-w>e ( ! ,*rysan!mo-ponian family1 b he w also f9d mu* t is n ( t family4 ,he may f9d mu* ( ! ,gre5 family1 especially "u ! ,m+ ,dyna/y1 ) a political or a religi\s significance1 b he w also fail 9 discov]+ any su* mean+ 9 _m ( its repres5tatives4 ,he w f9d *rysan!mums on memb]s ( ! ,gre5 family1 & ponies on memb]s ( ! ,rose4 ,9 %ort1 ! bett] plan is1 z we h said1 to admire :at is admirable1 & to be too curi\s nei!r ab\t *ronology nor ! relation%ip ( color4 ,o!rwise1 9 ! latt] case1 he w come ^u incongruities4 ,! weak & ! beautiful w be plac$ side by side1 z 9 ! human family a dw>f may be full bro!r to an ,adonis4 ,f :at has be5 said x w be inf]r$ t ! ,*9ese held 9 ! highe/ admiration ! beauty to be f\nd 9 color alone4 ,9 produc+ x1 !y /& at ! head ( ! c]amic arti/s ( ! _w4 ,! old :ite porcela9--t is1 porcela9 decorat$ ) :ite1 & n ! undecorat$ w>e--is by "s consid]$ ! mo/ anci5t quality1 & is mo/ c>efully pres]v$ by ! ,*9ese4 ,x 0 decorat$ ) designs ei!r grav$ 9 ! pa/e or pa9t$ 9 relief1 or ) figures ins]t$ betwe5 two lam9 ( pa/e4 ,9 ! latt] case ! design rema9$ invisible until ! cup 0 fill$ ) liquid4 ,o!rs requir$ to be held up to ! light be=e ! design reveal$ itself4 ,! be/ :ite porcela9 0 made dur+ ! ,song ,dyna/y 7#ifj-abgh74 ,m5tion is made ( :ite porcela9 manufactur$ = ! ,emp]or dur+ ! ,wei ,dyna/y 7,a4,d4 #bbj-bfd71 & we h already se5 t :ite 0 ! dyna/ic color ( ! ,?ang ,dyna/y 7#fah-ijg71 b little or no?+ is directly kn[n ( ^! fabrics4 ,t ( ! ,song ,dyna/y 0 ! ,t+-yao1 already ref]r$ to z "o ( ! five great qualities ( anci5t porcela94 ,a cup 7,fig4 #aja7 ( great beauty1 v ?9 & transp>5t1 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,runkle1 gives a good idea ( ! old :ite4 ,its purity & brilliancy give a f9e effect to ! decoration 9 relief4 ,! latt] consi/s ( small sprays ( blossoms delicately m\ld$ or c>v$1 & %[+ ?r\gh ! cle> glaze ! f9e/ t\*es ( ! modell] or c>v]4 ,?is is "o ( ! me?ods foll[$ 9 decorat+ ! ,t+ porcela9 ) fl[]s1 :i* 7 ei!r grav$ 9 ! pa/e1 appli$ 9 relief1 or pa9t$4 ,! :ite ( ! ,yong-lo p]iod 7#adjc-adbd7 ( ! ,m+ ,dyna/y 0 also decorat$ ) engrav+s 9 ! pa/e4 ,t[>d ! beg9n+ ( ! ,m+ ,dyna/y1 ab\t #achj1 a peculi> quality ( :ite 0 made ^u ! same pr9ciple z ! egg-%ell1 i4 e41 by gr9d+ d[n ! pa/e1 by :i* means ! piece assum$ an unctu\s1 %9+ appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aja4--,:ite ,*9ese ,porcela91 ) ,blossom 9 ,relief4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,) ! :ite !re naturally falls to be consid]$ ! porcela9 comp>$ by writ]s & by ! ,*9ese !mselves ) jade1 ! mo/ preci\s ( /ones 9 ! eyes ( ! ,ori5tals4 ,x is lik5$ 9 ! ,li-ki1 or ,book ( ,rites1 to ! ra9b[ solidifi$ & turn$ into /one2 & 9 ano!r "w occurs ! passage1 8,:5 ,i m$itate on t wise man1 8 ?\ghts appe> to me l ! jade40 ,?is applies to ! disc\rse ( ,confucius4 ,! philosoph]'s language is qua9t & figurative3 8,x is n10 he says1 8because ! jade is r>e t x is valu$1 b because f all "t ! sages h comp>$ virtue to jade4 ,9 _! eyes ! poli% & brilliant hues ( jade repres5t virtue & humanity4 ,its p]fect compactness & extreme h>dness indicate exactness ( /atem5t2 its angles or corn]s1 :i* are n incisive1 h[ev] %>p !y seem1 are emblematic ( ju/ice2 ! pe>l-l jades susp5d$ f ! hat or ! girdle1 z if fall+1 repres5t c]emony & polit5ess2 ! pure s\nd :i* x emits :5 /ruck1 & :i* sudd5ly /ops1 figures music2 z x is impossible = ! ugly %ades ( color to obscure ! h&some ones1 or = ! f9e colors to cov] up ! poor ones1 s loyalty is prefigur$2 ! cracks :i* exi/ 9 ! int]ior ( ! /one1 & c be se5 f ! outside1 are figurative ( s9c]ity2 its iridesc5t lu/re1 simil> to t ( ! ra9b[1 is symbolic ( ! p]man5t2 its wond]ful sub/ance1 extract$ f m\nta9s or f riv]s1 repres5ts ! e>?2 :5 cut z knei or *on1 )\t o!r embelli%m5t1 x indicates virtue2 & ! high value atta*$ to x by ! :ole _w1 )\t exception1 is figurative ( tru?40 ,x is fur!r us$ ?r\gh\t ,*9ese lit]ature z a simile = ! highe/ qualities ( virtue & purity4 ,! /one is call$ yu by ! ,*9ese1 & is obta9$ f ,tai-?ong1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,*5n-si1 & 9 l>g] quantities f ,khotan1 :]e an entire m\nta9 is said to be compos$ ( x4 ,x has be5 held 9 ! highe/ e/imation among ! ,*9ese f anci5t times1 & not)/&+ its extreme h>dness1 x is made into ! mo/ beautiful & curi\s objects1 su* z vases1 cups1 inc5se-burn]s1 flasks2 & ev5 in/rum5ts ( music4 ,^! facts w enable u to appreciate ! comp>ison s (t5 drawn betwe5 porcela9 & jade4 ,?us1 ! ,?ang :ite made by ,ho is said to h be5 8brilliant z jade10 & a contempor>y 0 mak+ vases ( artificial jade4 ,aga91 9 ! ,song ,dyna/y1 a r$ porcela9 0 made at ,t+-t*e\1 decorat$ ) fl[]s1 grav$1 pa9t$1 or 9 relief1 & said to resemble 8sculptur$ r$ jade40 ,com+ d[n to ! ,si\5-te p]iod ( ! ,m+ ,dyna/y 7#adbf-adce71 we aga9 meet ) cups 8z :ite & brilliant z jade10 ) _! surfaces slightly punctur$4 ,^! appe> to h be5 imitat$ 9 ! ,wan-li p]iod 7#aege-afai71 :5 beautiful cups ( ! :it5ess ( jade figure 9 ! alt> s]vices ( ! ,emp]or4 ,! same description w apply to ! porcela9 ( bo? p]iods4 ,! glaze is lik5$ to 8a lay] ( congeal$ fat10 & has a pure ivory-l appe>ance & a s(t unctu\s t\*1 m ne>ly resembl+ t ( ,fr5* pate t5dre ?an any o!r mod]n w>e4 ,?is feel+ is height5$ r ?an dim9i%$ by ! slight r\ghness1 or r1 irregul>ity ( ! surface1 su* z might be caus$ by s9k+ m9ute gra9s 9 ! glaze4 ,let u n[ see h[ f> ^! comp>isons ) jade are w>rant$ by ! /one itself4 ,let x fir/ be not$ t _m travell]s br+ f ,canton a gre5 & d>k-gre5 quality ( *alc$ony1 "u ! impression t ! wily m]*ants h giv5 !m g5u9e jade4 ,!re are also c]ta9 k9ds ( felsp>1 call$ nephrite1 :i* h be5 mi/ak5ly call$ jade4 ,! g5u9e yu v>ies 9 color f an ivory :ite to a d>k gre54 ,x is v h>d1 v heavy1 & f9e 9 gra94 ,ev5 aft] x is poli%$ x has ! appe>ance ( wax1 & ! impression made ^u ! eye is confirm$ by ! smoo?1 greasy t\*4 ,! exceptional colors are r$1 black1 orange1 citron yell[1 turquoise & a deep] blue4 ,! :ite v>iety call$1 p> excell5ce1 ,ori5tal jade1 reflects a pure milky light ne>ly resembl+ t ( ! opal4 ,japan & ,india supply a quality ( :ite ) ! fa9te/ possible t+e ( gre54 ,ano!r v beautiful v>iety is ! 8imp]ial jade10 or em]ald gre51 :i* is occasionally f\nd mix$ ) :ite1 l ! colors 9 agate4 ,! value atta*$ to jade 0 s great1 t 9 ,*9a a special (fic] 0 appo9t$ to take *>ge ( ! jade us$ 9 ! p]sonal decoration ( ! emp]or1 :o wore sev]al pieces atta*$ to 8 girdle4 ,e description ( jewel 0 made ( jade1 includ+ ^? worn 9 ! hair4 ,f ^! facts1 & ^? previ\sly n>rat$1 x is evid5t t to comp>e porcela9 ) jade is to complim5t x 9 t]ms beyond :i* ,*9ese language _c g4 ,no?+ high] or m laudatory c be said ( x1 & we c ?us =m "s idea ( ! extreme beauty ( ! almo/ opalesc5t :ite porcela9 ( ! ,si\5-te & ,wan-li p]iods4 ,! admiration ( ! ,*9ese = ?is /one 9 colors n[ unkn[n may possibly also h inspir$ !m to attempt its imitation 9 _m ( ! f9e/ colors :i* claim our admiration4 ,! passage quot$ f ,confucius fur!r sugge/s t ev5 crackle may h orig9at$ 9 try+ to reproduce 9 pott]y & porcela9 ! crack$ v>iety ( jade4 ,equal to ! turquoise 9 purity is ! violet obta9$ f ! oxide ( manganese4 ,two arti/s 7fa!r & daught]7 nam$ ,*\1 made v beautiful porcela9 ( ?is color dur+ ! ,song ,dyna/y4 ,specim5s are n[ v r>e1 _! brilliancy & ri*ness lead+ collectors to grasp ) avidity at any opportunity ( becom+ possessors ( a good example4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajb4--;,*9ese ,five-f+]$ ,rosadon4 ,blood color1 %ad+ f crimson to sc>let4 ,upp] rim1 cl\dy :ite4 7,g4 ,w4 ,wales ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! aub]g9e1 or purple egg-plant violet1 0 also made "u ! ,song1 & is "o ( ! celebrat$ productions ( ,kiun1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ho-nan4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 inf]ior 9 beauty to ! manganese violet4 ,!re is a ?ird t9t1 ( great s(tness & beauty4 ,! violet is (t5 us$ 9 conjunction ) turquoise blue1 z 9 a crackle teapot 9 ! ,av]y collection 9 ! %ape ( ! pea* ( longevity1 9 :i* ! body is violet1 & ! sp\t & decorat+ leaves1 :i* are 9 relief1 are 9 turquoise blue4 ,! colors are also f\nd int]m+l$ 9 su* gr\ps z ! ,dogs ( ,fo sport+4 ,v curi\s effects are produc$ by %ad+ ! violet on ei!r h& to blue & r$4 ,9 pieces ( ?is "* ! blue w be f\nd on ! base1 & ! color *anges z x asc5ds1 becom+ a ri* violet on ! body & r$ on ! top4 ,! violet is treat$ 9 a mann] precisely simil> to ! turquoise1 ! pieces be+ frequ5tly decorat$ ) incis$ designs4 ,! %ad$ violet specim5s allud$ to rem9d u ( o!rs1 9 a ri* liv]-r$1 :]e ! color becomes pal] z x asc5ds4 ,?us1 9 ! five-f+]$ rosadon 7,fig4 #ajb7 ! base is a deep crimson1 :i* turns to sc>let on ! body1 & f9i%es on ! tips ( ! f+]s 9 a cl\dy :ite4 ,?is color1 l ! aub]g9e violet1 & a bright r$ 7 f\nd ^u "s ( ! works made at ,kiun 9 ! t5? c5tury2 nor mu/ we =get ! pieces l 8r$ jade0 made at ,t+-t*eon ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,x does n appe> to h be5 us$ at ,k+-teh-*9 until ! ,yong-lo p]iod1 e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! bright r$ 0 reproduc$ by ,?ang-kong1 ! arti/ already m5tion$1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x is difficult to foll[ ! ,*9ese 9 ! h&l+ ( colors s ne>ly ak91 & yet diff]5tly treat$1 & produc+ effects s v>i$4 ,! liv]-r$ (t5 appe>s z a true cladon ^u pieces closely resembl+ 9 pa/e ! h>d opaque body ( ! old sea-gre54 ,^! h r>ely any decoration1 & resemble 9 ?is respect _m small objects1 su* z n>r[-neck$ bottles1 to :i* a bright r$ l5ds a color t 9 vivid brilliancy & cle>ness involunt>ily recalls ! comp>ison ( ! ,t+ porcela9 ) r$ jade4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajc4--;,*9ese ,yell[2 ,gre5 ,decoration4 7,sutton ,coll47 ,( ! yell[ call$ 8,imp]ial10 f its be+ ! color adopt$ by ! ,tai-?s+ ,dyna/y1 little is kn[n4 ,! %ades v>y f a deep orange to a light /raw color1 b t call$ ,imp]ial is said to be ! citron yell[4 ,mr4 ,m>ryat says t he has se5 g5u9e specim5s 9 only two collections--! late ,mr4 ,beck=d's & ! ,japan palace at ,dresd54 ,he adds1 t imitations h be5 made at ,canton & export$4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,p4 ,av]y1 ( ,new ,york1 has a numb] ( pieces ( diff]5t t9ts--*rome1 citron1 lemon1 pale & deep yell[1 "s ( :i* are v curi\s 9 bo? =m & decoration4 ,! diff]5t %ades are also well illu/rat$ 9 ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,walt]s's collection4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajd4--;,gra9s ( ,rice4 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll47 ,! ,*9ese h ideas ( pa9t+ peculi> to !mselves4 ,!y h little reg>d = p]spective1 & 9 anci5t times _h none :atev]4 ,ev5 s late z ! sev5te5? c5tury p]spective 0 at direct v>iance ) ! rules guid+ _! art4 ,we c1 = example1 see vases--p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! ,m+ ,dyna/y--9 :i* ! p]sonages 9 a sc5e appe> to be pil$ directly "o above ano!r1 or m\nt /airs1 l upright ladd]s1 9 ord] to rea* o!r p]sonages evid5tly "s di/ance (f1 b z mu* 9 ! =egr\nd ( ! picture z ^? ne>] at h&4 ,com+ d[n less ?an half a c5tury lat]1 !re is a *ange4 ,9 ! ,ki5-long vase be=e giv5 ! view rec$es1 & ! f>-(f hills are p>tially %r\d$ 9 %ad[y vapor1 :i* adds to ! dimness ( di/ance4 ,! p]spective is p]fect4 ,! *ange is1 no d\bt1 due to ,european int]c\rse4 ,we may1 !re=e1 9 cases ( d\bt d]ive f ?is feature a h9t ( ! age ( c]ta9 pieces4 ,b h[ acc\nt = ! old] usage8 ,x is said t1 :5 %[n ! effect ( p]spective1 ! ,*9ese argu$ aga9/ x4 ,!re is n1 & _c be1 di/ance on a flat surface1 !y said2 !re=e p]spective is contr>y to nature4 ,!y did n see t _! art %\ld take cognizance ( ! delusions ( vision1 & repres5t ?+s z !y appe>1 n z !y are4 ,to expla9 ?is f>!r1 we h only to look at ! ,*9ese practice 9 decorat+ porcela94 ,! pa9t+ is reg>d$ z a purely me*anical process1 & ! same piece may pass ?r\gh sev5ty or eighty diff]5t h&s1 ea* arti/ contribut+ 8 specialty to ! g5]al result1 & kn[+ little or no?+ ( ! subject z a :ole4 ,c we wond]1 !n1 t he did n le>n to appreciate p]spective1 if he pa9t$ 8 figures )\t any idea ( _! relation to ea* o!r or to ! re/ ( ! composition8 ,! mo/ rem>kable feature ( ! case is1 t 9 ?is prejudice aga9/ p]spective1 & suppos$ con/ancy to nature1 ! ,*9ese arti/s take up an attitude altoge!r diff]5t f t 9 :i* !y usually appe>4 ,ev]y:]e !y give a free re9 to fancy4 ,!y are p]fectly unconsci\s ( anomaly1 or incongruity 91 = in/ance1 pa9t+ a /ag yell[ or a horse gre54 ,!y pa9t birds1 butt]flies1 fl[]s1 9 hues :i* nature nev] wore4 ,_! ta/e = t h>mony ( t9ts :i* is ! p]fection ( surface decoration dem&s ! abnormal colors1 & !y nev] hesitate ab\t us+ !m4 ,_! v>iety is z wond]ful z ! weal? ( _! res\rces4 ,"o may turn f a vase1 repres5t+ ! ex]cise ( ! mo/ fe>less & riot\s fancy1 to ano!r 9 :i* ! details are z reali/ic z ! liz>ds ( ,palissy4 ,or1 aga91 a vase :i* looks z ?\gh x might h be5 cut out ( a preci\s /one1 ) no decoration b its inimitable color1 may /& side by side ) ano!r cov]$ ) fl[]s s t5d]ly treat$ & delicately color$1 t "o is incl9$ to pron\nce ! pa9/ak+ ,cele/ial ! pr9ce ( arti/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aje4--;,*9ese ,reticulat$ ,vase4 7,s4 ,p4 ,av]y ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,conceits 9 %ape or design & victory ov] te*nical difficulties are 8 delight4 ,! s\ffl decoration is *>act]i/ic4 ,! color is ins]t$ 9 a tube hav+ "o end cov]$ ) f9e gauze1 & :5 bl[n ^u ! piece to be decorat$1 falls 9 m9ute air-bells1 :i* break into little circles4 ,r$ & blue are ?us appli$ ^u a pale grayi%-blue1 & ! effect is beautiful & entirely unique4 ,:51 z frequ5tly happ5s1 ! bubbles d n break1 ! result is h>dly less attractive1 ! color runn+ into ! gr\nd & giv+ x ! appe>ance ( jasp]4 ,ano!r me?od ( decorat+ porcela91 is t call$ 8gra9s ( rice "w0 7,fig4 #ajd71 & is ( ,p]sian orig94 ,! design is cut ?r\gh ! ?9 pa/e1 & on ! piece be+ dipp$ 9 ! glaze1 ! latt] fills up or cov]s ov] ! int]/ices1 leav+ ! design di/9ctly traceable & p]fectly transp>5t4 ,among ! curiosities ( workman%ip ! mo/ notable are ! reticulat$ & articulat$ vases & ! 8surprise hydraulique10 or ,cup ( ,tantalus4 ,! outside ( ! reticulat$ vase 7,fig4 #aje7 is p]=at$ 9 diff]5t patt]ns & cov]s ! inn] vase )\t t\*+ x1 except at ! neck & possibly also ! bottom4 ,ornam5ts are (t5 atta*$ to ! outside ( ! op5-"w4 ,m wond]ful ?an ! vases are ! s]vices ( ! same k9d1 9 :i* ! out] & inn] p>ts come s closely toge!r z to r5d] ! bak+ ( ! pieces extremely difficult & unc]ta94 ,! articulat$1 or jo9t$1 vases repres5t a simil> victory ov] ! difficulties ( workman%ip4 ,! vase is cut into two sections1 :i*1 al?\gh sep>ate1 _c be tak5 ap>t4 ,! 8,cup ( ,tantalus0 is s con/ruct$ t :5 rais$ to ! lips ! expectant dr9k] f9ds himself delug$ ) ! cont5ts4 ,x is a ,*9ese practical joke1 play$ by means ( a syphon conceal$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! vessel4 ,our enum]ation may conclude ) ?is specim5 ( manual dext]ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf4--,ori5tal ,porcela94 ,br\ght to ,albany by ,capta9 ,dean ab\t #aggg4 7,mrs4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,to an ,am]ican or ,european tak+ a wide view ( ! c]amics ( ! ,*9ese1 :ile x is evid5t t !y h produc$ a va/ am\nt ( v beautiful "w1 ! "q w no d\bt pres5t itself1 :e!r !y d n sometimes conf\nd +5uity ) g5ius1 & value ! me*anical m highly ?an ! arti/ic4 ,t !y 7 skilful & rejoic$ 9 ex]cis+ _! skill is evid5t2 b no "o c look )\t admiration ^u _! exquisite color+ & fl[] decoration4 ,if "o c\ld f9d any:]e a complete collection ( ,*9ese pott]y1 /one-w>e1 & porcela91 x w\ld be f\nd to conta9 ne>ly ev]y?+ admirable 9 c]amics1 al?\gh occasionally h>d to appreciate or und]/&4 ,x w\ld be f\nd to illu/rate ! entire art hi/ory ( a p pati5t1 labori\s1 ke5 to obs]ve1 & swift to imitate1 & :om1 curi\sly en\gh1 _m ( u w\ld r he> f ?r\gh ! *9a m]*ant or collector1 ?an meet 9 m direct int]c\rse4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,corea4 ,geographical ,position4--,successive ,conque/s4--,its ,indep5d5t ,art4--,confus$ ,op9ions reg>d+ x4--,its ,porcela94--,decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajg4--,old ,corean ,e>!n-w>e ,five-h&l$ ,j>4 ,yell[ on ,gre54 7,a4 ,a4 ,vaut9e ,co47 ,to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,*9a1 across ! ,yell[ ,sea1 & adjo9+ ! ,*9ese prov9ce ( ,%5gk+1 lies ! p59sula ( ,corea4 ,situat$ betwe5 ,*9a & ,japan1 x 0 alt]nately "u ! dom9ation ( its m p[]ful neighbors1 & has giv51 9 its c]amic productions1 abundant evid5ces ( _! sway4 ,at fir/ its works 7 attribut$ to ,japan1 f :i* c\ntry !y 7 c>ri$ to ,europe4 ,fur!r inquiry l$ to ! discov]y t ,corea _h an indep5d5t arti/ic exi/5ce1 & t1 :ile borr[+ f ei!r side ( x1 x imp>t$ to bo? ,*9a & ,japan ! secrets x _h ma/]$ 9 ! art ( pa9t+ porcela94 ,! confusion reg>d+ ,corean c]amics is entirely due to ! comm]cial int]c\rse betwe5 x & its neighbors1 ^: /yles x adopt$ & occasionally m+l$4 ,its w>es 7 also s5t into _! m>kets4 ,x long ago ceas$ to produce any k9d ( porcela94 ,describ+ "s specim5s ( ,corean porcela91 ,julliot1 a deal] ( ! la/ c5tury1 speaks ( 8! f9e gra9 ( its beautiful :ite pa/e1 ! attractive lightness & s(tness ( its dead r$1 ! velvet ( its bright-gre5 & d>k sky-blue colors40 ,! decoration consi/s ( conv5tional =ms1 ei!r floral or animal4 ,! peacock1 pheasant1 & dragon are met )4 ,! colors are limit$ to r$1 black1 gold1 & pale %ades ( gre5 & yell[1 & ! glaze is less vitre\s ?an ei!r ! ,japanese or ,*9ese4 ,! ,coreans adapt$ ! decoration to ! de/9ation ( ! "w4 ,! pieces ) ,japanese ornam5tation 7 int5d$ = ! m>kets ( ,japan1 ^? ) ,*9ese = ,*9a4 ,on "s ( ! pieces ! /yles are mix$1 ,*9ese figures be+ accompani$ by ,japanese m>ks1 or vice v]sa4 ,_m ( ! pieces display v f9e workman%ip & simplicity ( design4 ,f9d+ _! way to ,europe 9 ! c>goes ( ,dut* trad]s1 !y 7 highly valu$ by collectors1 & = a long "t s]v$ z models to bo? ,fr5* & ,g]man arti/s4 ,_! simple /yle & ! *a/e employm5t ( a few colors r5d]$ !m peculi>ly liable to k9dle ! emulation ( unpractic$ ,european decorators4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajh4--;,corean ,porcela94 7,w4 ,l4 ,&rews ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aji4--;,corean ,porcela92 ,p]sian ,decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,yebis4 ,%i\-ro4 ,bis-jamon4 ,b5t54 ,tossi-toku4 ,daikoku4 ,hotei4 ,fig4 #aaj4--,picnic ( ! ,h\sehold ,gods ( ,japan4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,japan4 ,h[ to ,/udy ,japanese ,art3 ,its ,orig94--,its ,reviv$ ,indep5d5ce4--,nom9o-,s\k\ne4--,%irozaye mon4--,raku4--,:5 ,porcela9 0 ,fir/ ,made4--,%onsui4--,=m ( ,gov]nm5t4--,! ,gods4--,symbols4--8,l& ( ,great ,peace40--,=eign ,relations4--,g5]al ,features ( ,art4--,*9ese & ,japanese ,porcela9s4 ,on com+ to ! l& ( ,nippon1 8s\rce ( ! sun10 kn[n to ! outside _w z ,japan1 we mu/ /ill keep 9 m9d ! w>n+ ) :i* we ent]$ ,*9a4 ,japanese art is ( ,*9ese orig91 b 0 modifi$ z x develop$4 ,x adapt$ itself to ,japanese ta/es1 & to ! ideas ( a p quick to imitate1 b possess+ a m>k$ national individuality ^u :i* to modify _! imitations4 ,:5 ,*9ese art began to fall "u =eign influ5ce & to r5\nce its own national *>act]i/ics1 ! m cons]vative ,japanese (f]$ a great] resi/ance to ! ov]:elm+ influx ( ideas f abroad4 ,t :i* _h be5 ! /r5g? ( ,*9ese arti/s n[ became _! weakness4 ,=eign models gave !m new subjects ^u :i* to ex]cise _! m>vell\s me*anical skill & imitative dext]ity1 & _! arti/ic nationality 0 9 a measure lo/4 ,! ,japanese appe>$ doom$ to a simil> fate4 ,we/]n aggressiv5ess made its impression1 & ,europe seem$ to h l$ ! extreme ,ea/ captive4 ,! dea? ( an art di/9ctively ,japanese 0 pr$ict$ by "s1 & by o!rs x 0 said to h already tak5 place4 ,^! are ! views ( extremi/s4 ,x is j possible t ! ,japanese d]iv$ a h9t ( :at _! own imitations 7 likely to be consid]$ by ! m fa/idi\s ,europeans1 f _! own op9ion ( ,european imitations ( ! decorations ( ,*9a & ,japan4 ,= x mu/ n be imag9$ t ! imitation 0 all p]petrat$ on "o side4 ,x is no unusual ?+ = ! frequ5t] ( deal]s' emporiums to f9d a ,european vase surm\nt$ by ! ,dog ( ,fo1 or decorat$ by birds n[h]e visible except to ! imag9ation ( a ,cele/ial arti/4 ,art _c exi/ 9 slav]y4 ,! ,european borr[$1 & made himself ridicul\s2 ! ,japanese imitat$1 & ) s]vility f\nd degradation4 ,f 8 tempor>y ab]ration x is to be hop$ he w ?or\ghly r\se himself4 ,! contact ) ,europe :i* l$ him to foll[ aft] /range gods 0 n )\t its lessons4 ,9 lat] times he has %[n "s capacity = /udy+ & pr(it+ by !m4 ,x is ! ,japanese side ( ,japanese art t =eign]s admire1 & n ! produce ( a fooli% comb9ation ( ! ,ori5tal ) ! ,european4 ,x is idle1 9 view ( :at may be a la/+ return to native models1 to bemoan _! des]tion4 ,! ,japanese h already %[n a capacity = appreciat+ _! neighbors' faults & _! own m]its at a prop] value4 ,comp>ison is lead+ !m to adopt a /&>d ( criticism2 & if !y w only p]si/ 9 *]i%+ _! own good traditions1 & 9 giv+ play to _! di/9ctively national g5ius1 x w c]ta9ly be bett] = _! art1 & probably = _! comm]ce also4 ,at ! ,vi5na ,exhibition !y made ! discov]y t ! imitation ( ! ,european _h bett] be ab&on$4 ,at ,philadelphia !y gave pro(s ( an almo/ complete emancipation f =eign dom9ation 9 c]amic art4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 abundant reason = ! ent]ta9m5t ( su* a hope 9 ! evid5t enlight5m5t p]vad+ ! c\ncils ( ! ,mikado4 ,! foll[+ is ! language ( a ,japanese writ]1 & x %[s t ! press reflects an intellig5ce :i* ev5 t ( ,am]ica or ,great ,brita9 _c af=d to contemn3 8,! ,am]icans & ,europeans are enlight5$ p1 & d n )\t cause call u semi-civiliz$4 ,b :at is ! mean+ ( civilization8 ,x surely is n limit$ to ! possession ( f9e h\ses1 f9e dresses1 & to sumptu\s liv+4 ,x is n conf9$ to a fl\ri%+ /ate ( its manufactures or ma*9]y4 ,x means an advance 9 k & politics1 a rev]5ce = religion1 ! prop] e/imation ( good "*1 & ! obs]vance ( good cu/oms40 ,! press :i* c convey su* tru?s z ^! is n likely to neglect ! national evid5ces ( civilization furni%$ by ! arts & manufactures4 ,if x w n all[ its read]s to look = ! signs ( civilization ^u ! outside ( =eign in/itutions1 x is z little likely to ov]look ! be/ elem5ts at home1 :e!r 9 religi\s rev]5ce1 good cu/oms1 or 9 art4 ,to beg9 ) ! rise ( ! art 9 ,japan1 al?\gh leg5d w\ld c>ry u back to ! era ( ,oanamu*i-no-mikoto1 & ! inv5tor ,oosei-tsumi1 long be=e hi/ory beg9s1 we may cont5t ourselves ) a less ho>y antiquity4 ,x is said t 9 ! six? c5tury be=e ,*ri/ c]ta9 k9ds ( pott]y 7 ord]$ by ! ,emp]or ,j9mu = religi\s purposes4 ,! next five hundr$ ye>s give no additional k1 b 9 ,b4,c4 #bi we le>n t 9 ! prov9ce ( ,id-s\mi !re liv$ a c]ta9 work] 9 /one & pott]y call$ ,nom9o-,s\k\ne4 ,! cu/om at t "t 0 = slaves to be buri$ ) _! dead ma/]s1 presumably t ! latt] might h "s "o to wait ^u !m 9 ! next _w4 ,:5 ,nom9o-,s\k\ne he>d ( ! dea? ( ! ,empress1 he quickly made "s images ( /one or e>!n-w>e1 &1 tak+ !m to ! ,emp]or1 induc$ him to bury !m ) ! ,empress z sub/itutes = h] favorite att5dants4 ,! cruel rite 0 !reaft] aboli%$1 & ! pott] & sculptor1 z a rew>d & di/9ction1 0 all[$ to take = 8 surname ,haji1 ! arti/ 9 clay4 ,two ye>s lat]1 ,b4,c4 #bg1 a ,corean pr9ce1 a son ( ! ,k+ ( ,s9-sa1 l&$ 9 8,! ,l& ( ,great ,peace10 & settl$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,omi1 :]e 8 foll[]s f\nd$ a pott]s' guild4 ,x is said t bo? ,haji & ! visitors f ,corea made porcela94 ,b ?is is extremely improbable1 z x 0 only ab\t ! same p]iod t porcela9 0 inv5t$ 9 ,*9a1 & all ! evid5ce goes to %[ t ! k ( mak+ a transluc5t w>e pass$ f ,*9a to ,japan4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n at all likely t a secret jeal\sly gu>d$ by ! ,*9ese %\ld at once h pass$ to a neighbor+ c\ntry4 ,aft] ! above date ! acc\nts op5 to u become slightly contradictory4 ,a mak] ( tiles is said to h come f ,corea1 ab\t ! ye> #eij1 to ,japan1 to tea* 8 bus9ess2 t ab\t sixty ye>s lat] ! exp]im5t ( til+ a temple ro( 0 fir/ tri$1 & t ! pagoda ( a temple 9 ,yamato 0 built ( brick4 ,^! ass]tions po9t to a relatively backw>d /ate ( c]amic art 9 ,japan z comp>$ ) ,*9a2 & if tiles & bricks 7 /ill novelties 9 ! =m] c\ntry1 we are q prep>$ to he> t x 0 only 9 ! ye> #gbd t ! monk or prie/ ,giyoki introduc$ ! pott]s' :eel4 ,?is same individual app>5tly figures 9 ano!r acc\nt1 "u ! "n ,gyoguy1 z a ,corean prie/ ( ,buddha1 :o spread ! k ( mak+ 8porcela940 ,9 ! n9? c5tury ! numb] ( factories _h greatly increas$2 b native skill does n appe> to h develop$ to any great ext5t1 al?\gh an imp]ial (ficial sup]9t5d$ ! trade4 ,t[>d ! e>li] "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,kato ,%irozayemon1 n be+ cont5t ) ! rude works he 0 turn+ out1 call$ ,k\tsi fakata1 pieces ) worn orifice1 und]took ! j\rney to ,*9a1 9 ! company ( a prie/ nam$ ,fog51 to acquire1 if possible1 additional skill4 ,9 ?is he 0 successful1 & on 8 return settl$ at ,seto1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ow>i1 n[ celebrat$ = its porcela94 ,sev]al au?ors speak ( ! e>li] w>es ( ,japan z porcela92 & ,jacquem>t says t ,kato ,%irozayemon return$ ) all ! secrets ( ! art4 ,! "q occurs1 ,is x likely1 t1 if ,japan 0 at ! beg9n+ ( our era acqua9t$ to any ext5t ) mak+ porcela91 x w\ld1 aft] exp]im5t+ = twelve c5turies1 be s dep5d5t ^u ,*9ese tea*+ z to make ,kato ,%iro's j\rney necess>y8 ,! probability is ! o!r way4 ,m ?an t1 ev5 ! la/ nam$ travell] _c1 )\t "q1 be conc$$ to h ma/]$ ! secret ( mak+ porcela94 ,! ,japanese say t he only made /one-w>e4 ,evid5ce to ! same effect is d$ucible f a ,japanese cu/om4 ,tea 0 n introduc$ f ,*9a until ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ab\t ! "t ( ,kato ,%iro's j\rney4 ,9 or ab\t #adej1 ! ,%iogun1 or ,tycoon1 in/itut$ ! 8,tea-p>ties0 call$ ,*a-no-yu4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 "u ,hide-yo%i1 ! c]emonial 0 improv$4 ,! gue/s drank out ( a b[l ( common pott]y4 ,^! b[ls 7 sometimes import$ f ,siam & o!r c\ntries1 & vessels ( 8raku0 7 made = ! same purpose4 ,?is 8raku0 0 a w>e introduc$ by a ,corean call$ ,ameya1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is said t 8 desc5dants ( ! elev5? g5]ation /ill pursue ! trade 9 ,kioto4 ,raku is no?+ m ?an a lead-glaz$ e>!n-w>e 7,fig4 #aaa72 & if porcela9 0 kn[n ev5 at t late date1 x is h>d to und]/& :y ! ,tycoon %\ld h honor$ ,ameya ) a gold seal = introduc+ ! comp>atively co>se raku4 ,x is equally h>d to und]/& :y raku %\ld h be5 pref]r$ to porcela9 = ?is special c]emonial4 ,! fact t raku b[ls are /ill us$ at ! ,*a-no-yu is probably to be cr$it$ to ! reg>d = a cu/om in/itut$ by a ,tycoon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaa4--,raku ,b[l2 ,gre5 & ,gold4 7,a4 ,a4 ,vant9e ,co47 ,x may1 fur!r1 be po9t$ out t ! exi/+ samples ( ! w>e made by ,giyoki1 or ,gyoguy1 9 ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury1 & n[ 9 ! temple ( ,todaiji1 ,yamato1 are said to be e>!n-w>e4 ,^u ! :ole1 x is mo/ probable t ! secrets acquir$ by ,kato ,%irozayemon did n c>ry him f>!r ?an ! mak+ ( /one-w>e1 & t real porcela9 0 n made 9 ,japan until betwe5 ! ye>s #aecj & #aedj1 or ab\t fifty ye>s prior to ! date ( ! discov]y ( artificial porcela9 9 ,europe4 ,ab\t t "t ,goro-dayu ,%onsui1 a native ( ,ise1 w5t to ,*9a1 &1 on return+ f a l5g!n$ inve/igation1 settl$ 9 ,hiz51 & in/itut$ ! manufacture ( porcela94 ,s ?or\ghly _h he ma/]$ ! processes ( ,*9a1 t he succe$$ 9 produc+ all ! w>es :i* to-day give ,hiz5 its pre-em95ce1 viz43 ,sometsuki1 porcela9 decorat$ ) blue pa9t+s "u ! glaze2 crackle2 cladon w>e2 r$ ,akai w>e2 & 8,ni%ikide0 porcela91 decorat$ ) vitrifiable colors ^u ! glaze4 ,japan incurr$1 h[ev]1 /ill fur!r debts to ,corea4 ,9 #aeib a numb] ( ,corean porcela9 mak]s 7 tak5 to ,japan1 & _! desc5dants /ill live 9 ,arita4 ,ab\t ! same "t ! ,pr9ce ( ,satsuma invad$ ,corea1 & took sev]al families engag$ 9 ! porcela9 indu/ry back ) him4 ,to ^! settl]s ,japan is indebt$ = its well-kn[n ,satsuma w>e4 ,?r\gh all ^! diff]5t *annels ,japan d]iv$ its k ( c]amic processes f ,*9a & ,corea1 & 0 enabl$ n only to equal1 b 9 _m respects to surpass1 bo? its tea*]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4--,kiri-mon4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4--;,guik-mon4 ,x is unnecess>y = our purpose to ent] fully into an exam9ation ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,japan4 ,! c5tral p[] is ! ,mikado1 desc5dant ( ! gods1 political & ecclesia/ical head ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! ,tycoon 0 ! executive head1 b 0 expell$ a few ye>s ago4 ,:at is "h to be *iefly obs]v$ is1 t 9 ! ,mikado c5tres ! loyalty ( 8 p1 a loyalty bas$ ^u tradition & sanctifi$ by religion4 ,! ,mikado's arms are tw(old1 ! 7,fig4 #aab7 ,kiri-mon--(ficial1 & ! 7,fig4 #aac7 ,guik-mon--p]sonal1 ! =m] be+ ! fl[] & leaves ( ! ,paull[nia imp]ialis1 ! latt] t ( ! *rysan!mum4 ,! ,tycoon's arms 7,fig4 #aad7 consi/$ ( ?ree mall[ leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aad4--;,arms ( ! ,tycoon4 ,! religion ( ,japan1 ap>t f its symbolism1 has little appreciable influ5ce ^u its pott]y1 possibly on acc\nt ( ! comp>atively late & rapid gr[? ( ! c]amic art4 ,! orig9al religion 0 ,kamism or ,%9toism1 ! wor%ip ( ance/ors4 ,?is is ! religion upheld by ! ,mikados4 ,^u x ,buddhism 0 9-graft$1 & support$ by ! ,tycoons4 ,! two h>moniz$ well1 ?anks to ,japanese tol]ation1 b _! comb9ation pres5ts _m a curi\s puzzle4 ,! ,japanese cosmogony is simple4 ,heav5 & e>? 7 evolv$ out ( *aos1 & !n ! pres5ce ( controll+ p[] be+ necess>y1 ! gods came4 ,at fir/ !re 7 only ?ree1 b aft]w>d sev5 g5]ations ( gods & goddesses succe$$ ea* o!r1 & f ! la/ pair ( ^! came ,s9-mon1 ! f\nd] ( ,japan4 ,! sev5 h\sehold gods conc]n u m 9 look+ at ,japanese c]amics4 ,^! repres5t ! physical wants ( ! p1 & correspond ) ! ,*9ese god ( longevity & 8 compe]s4 ,! fir/1 ,b5-zai-t5-njo1 or ,b5t51 is ! ,madonna ( ,japan1 ! ideal matron2 ,quamon1 que5 ( heav51 appe>s to be ! ideal ( happ9ess2 ,yebis is a jovial m>9e god1 ! food provid]1 & is g5]ally repres5t$ ) long legs1 claws1 drap]y ( m>9e orig91 & rid+ on a dolph94 ,hotei1 a portly1 complac5t deity1 is ! v picture & god ( cont5tm5t4 ,a totally diff]5t be+1 %ort1 ?ick1 & almo/ lo/ 9 8 clo!s & "u ! burd5 ( 8 weal?1 is ,daikoku1 ! god ( ri*es4 ,%ion-ro1 ) long be>d1 placid face1 & t[]+ cranium1 is ! god ( longevity4 ,he leans ^u a /aff1 & is att5d$ by ei!r a tortoise or a /ork4 ,he is evid5tly a relative ( ! ,*9ese ,*e\-lao4 ,tossi-toku1 ) /aff & fawn1 is ! disp5s] ( k4 ,! la/ & lea/ e/eem$ ( ! sev5 is ! /rong1 armor-clad ,bis-ja-mon1 god ( glory4 ,:o %all say t !re is n philosophy 9 a religion :i* ?us holds up milit>y glory almo/ to contempt1 & discrim9ates betwe5 ri*es & cont5tm5t8 ,besides ! gods "h m5tion$ !re is a ho/ ( demons :i* ne$ n be enum]at$1 & :i*1 ) ! h\sehold deities1 are met ) "u ! mo/ fanta/ic =ms & 9 ! mo/ ridicul\s situations1 =1 accord+ to ,japanese ideas1 ridicule did n necess>ily involve impiety4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aae4--;,japanese ,porcela9 ,b[l4 ,diamet]1 #c ft4 #g 94 7,corcoran ,art ,gall]y47 ,! symbols ( ,japan are ne>ly all tak5 f ,*9a4 ,! imp]ial dragon1 ?\gh hav+ only ?ree claws1 is closely alli$ to ! f\r & five claw$ dragons ( ,*9a4 ,! ,ky-l9 & ,dog ( ,fo bo? reappe>1 & ! ,fong-hoang1 or ,foo1 aga9 pres5ts itself ) add$ elegance ( =m & supreme beauty ( plumage4 ,ano!r bird1 resembl+ an eagle1 des]ves its title ( imp]ial f its maje/y ( gait & expression1 & seems 9 p]fect keep+ ) its accompany+ noble emblems4 ,! sacr$ tortoise has a long fea!ry & fan-l tail1 & appe>s 9 numb]less compositions4 ,! crane1 turtle1 p9e1 & bamboo are ! emblems ( longevity4 ,9 view ( all t ,japan owes to ,*9a & ,corea--a great "p ( its religion1 its k ( art processes1 & its symbols1 "o w\ld expect to f9d little t is orig9al 9 its c]amics4 ,!re is1 on ! o!r h&1 (t5 visible a decid$ individuality & indep5d5ce4 ,japan absorb$ & transmut$1 :ile app>5tly engross$ 9 copy+4 ,! process ( assimilation1 ( br++ ! =eign sugge/ion into subjection to native pr9ciples1 took "t2 b ev5 :ile ,japan 0 9 its pupilage1 its national "* 0 ass]t+ itself4 ,its hi/ory & position %[ alike ! favorable conditions "u :i* its art grew up4 ,aft] ! aborig9al ,a9os _h be5 once subdu$ by _! ,asiatic conqu]ors1 hi/ory sub/antiates ! claim ( ,japan to ! title ( 8,! ,l& ( ,great ,peace40 ,x is true t revolution has ( late ye>s *ang$ ! =m ( gov]nm5t by ! removal ( ! ,tycoon2 b f ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/orical p]iod1 ,b4,c4 #ffj1 to ! civil w>s :i* prec$$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,tycoons ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 !re 0 no w> ( any consequ5ce4 ,aft] t ev5t1 & d[n to ! return ( ! executive au?ority into ! h&s ( ! ,mikado1 !re 0 ano!r long peace4 ,! ,japanese1 be x aga9 obs]v$1 c>$ little = _! god ( glory1 ,bis-ja-mon4 ,isolation & fre$om f ! di/urb+ consequ5ces ( w> gave ! ,japanese an opportunity ( cultivat+ ! arts ( peace ) a con/antly increas+ %[ ( indep5d5ce1 ev5 :5 ! art 0 bas$ ^u a =eign f\ndation4 ,9 view+ _! e>lie/ c]amic productions1 !re is "s difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ !m f ^? ( ,*9a & ,corea1 & ?is difficulty is increas$ :5 we f9d ^u _! vases sc5es f ! c\rt life ( ,*9a1 & a great deal ( borr[$ ornam5tation4 ,9 bo? c\ntries x is said t ! c]amic art rose to its highe/ po9t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & !n1 we are told1 decl9$4 ,?is date may1 9 ! case ( ,japan1 be safely advanc$ to ! sev5te5? or eighte5? c5tury4 ,japan 0 ev5 !n n indep5d5t ( its tea*]s1 & suff]$ f ! influ5ces adv]se to art :i* affect$ !m4 ,! ,portuguese 7 ! fir/ nation to trade ) ,japan1 & 7 expell$ 9 #afcg4 ,! tol]ant ,japanese1 :o 7 will+ to make room = any religion conta9+ ! se$s ( good1 c\ld brook nei!r intol]ance nor int]f]5ce ) _! civil gov]nm5t4 ,portuguese intrigue accord+ly l$ to expulsion & ! massacre ( =ty ?\s& conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity4 ,specim5s ( 8,*ri/ian0 porcela91 made app>5tly by ! ,*9ese = ! p]secut$ ( ,japan1 are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & may be se5 9 _m ,am]ican collections4 ,aft] ! ,portuguese came ! ,dut*4 ,_h ! latt] re/rict$ !mselves to trad+ 9 porcela91 x w\ld h be5 bett] = ,japanese art4 ,in/ead ( do+ s1 !y tri$ to imitate ! native w>es1 &1 :i* 0 f> worse1 commission$ ! native arti/s to adopt ,european /yles & to attempt to gratify ! :ims ( ,european ta/e & fa%ion4 ,we _c wond] t art decl9$1 b are r l$ to be surpris$ t ! decl9e 0 n m spe$y & p]man5t4 ,! po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! porcela9 ( ,*9a & ,japan may be briefly /at$ aft] ! g5]al features ( ,japanese art h be5 exam9$4 ,x is to ! ,am]ican a peculi> art4 ,x does n t\* our admiration l ! ,greek = ! tru?ful work+ out ( its ideal =ms1 nor = ! ideals !mselves4 ,x does n imbue u ) a s5se ( ! my/]i\s l t ( ,egypt4 ,we c all admire its wond]ful color+ & its p]fection ( f9i%2 b besides ^! !re is a fasc9ation 9 ! exub]ant fancy1 ri*ness ( inv5tion1 & happy bl5d+ ( t9ts4 ,! ,japanese are true to nature1 f> m s ?an ! ,*9ese2 b !y d n copy nature 9 e detail4 ,9 _! be/ "w we w (t5 f9d t1 ) a peculi> delicacy1 ! arti/ m]ely indicates :at an ,am]ican or ,european arti/ w\ld feel x incumb5t ^u him to repres5t4 ,! =m] holds our att5tion by leav+ x to ! imag9ation to make 8 "w complete4 ,?is w sugge/ :at is actually ! case--t1 z a rule1 =m is second>y to color4 ,japanese porcela9 & pott]y diff] f ^? ( ,*9a 9 ! foll[+ g5]al respects3 p]spective is p]missible 9 pa9t+2 z a rule1 !re is great] simplicity ( design1 & ! ornam5tation is m *a/e & less pr(use2 &1 z already notic$1 nature is m closely foll[$4 ,to expla9 ! great] purity & ref9em5t ( ,japanese art1 !re are ?ree po9ts to be notic$4 ,:ile ! ,*9ese degrad$ art by degrad+ ! arti/s1 ! be/ & noble/ ,japanese 7 !mselves arti/s4 ,pr9ces are said to h engag$ 9 lacqu]-"w4 ,! ,*9ese l[]$ c]amic art into a m]ely me*anical pursuit1 by divid+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ornam5tation among sev]al workm54 ,arti/ic conception 0 almo/ lo/ sight ( :]e me*anical f9i% 0 ?us pa9fully s\ght4 ,! ,japanese give u ! creations ( individual m51 :o br+ _! own m>vell\s indu/rial skill to ! expression ( _! own ideas4 ,! ?ird advantage :i* !y possess$ 0 t already incid5tally ref]r$ to1 viz41 ! preval5ce ( h]$it>y occupations4 ,x has be5 se5 t desc5dants1 ( ! elev5? g5]ation1 ( ,coreans :o settl$ 9 ,japan z work]s 9 /one-w>e are n[ engag$ 9 ! same pursuit4 ,! transmission ( te*nical k 0 ?us amply provid$ =4 ,possess+ su* advantages & t5d5cies1 ! ,japanese surpass$ ! ,*9ese 9 sev]al respects4 ,t !y d s to-day1 ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 ev5 mak+ a due all[ance = ! sup]ior organization ( ! ,japanese section z a gov]nm5t repres5tation1 plac$ beyond all "q or cavil4 ,?is tru? is "o to :i* c]ami/s1 undeceiv$ by ! exaltation ( ,*9a & ! treatm5t ( ,japan z a m]e (f%oot1 %\ld n be /rang]s4 ,9 lacqu]-"w ! ,japanese h always be5 sup]ior1 & at ! ,exhibition "o ( ! be/ specim5s 9 ! ,*9ese section 0 f ,japan4 ,! lacqu] 0 s laid on t ! ornam5tation on ! und]ly+ porcela9 disclos$ itself1 & animal =ms 9 r$ & gold decorat$ ! lacqu]4 ,simil> ackn[l$gm5ts ( ! excell5ce ( ,japanese porcela9 h be5 o!rwise made4 ,! ,*9ese sometimes copy ,japanese decoration4 ,fur!r evid5ce is n want+1 & has be5 ref]r$ to "u ,*9a1 ( ! r>ity & high value ( ,japanese porcela9 9 ,*9a4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! "t = s]vile imitation has pass$ ) all t 0 wor? imitat+4 ,in/ead ( devot+ !mselves1 z ! ,*9ese h done = two hundr$ ye>s1 to va9 attempts at rivall+ ! atta9m5ts ( _! ance/ors1 ! ,japanese h %[n an incl9ation to return to _! old & r5\nc$ /&>ds z bases f :i* to rea* a new orig9ality4 ,!y are1 9 "o ^w1 progressive 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,in/ead ( n9ete5? c5tury repres5tations ( ! works ( ! sev5te5?1 x may reasonably be hop$ t ! pres5t day w disclose an art at once national & its own4 ,,pott]y4 ,geographical ,di/ribution4--,classification4--,satsum a4--,difficult ,w>e4--,saki ,cups4--,imitations ( ,satsuma4--,kioto4--,awata4--,awadji4--, banko4--,kiusiu4--,k>atsu4--,suma4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4--,satsuma ,vase4 ,dragon 9 ,r$ & ,gold4 ,height1 #af 94 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! c]amic indu/ry ( ,japan is *iefly1 if n entirely1 conf9$ to ! s\!rn half ( ! empire4 ,a l9e drawn f ,tokio 7,y$do7 to ,kaga is its nor!rn limit1 & betwe5 t l9e & ,satsuma1 "o ( ! two mo/ s\!rly prov9ces ( ! isl& ( ,kiusiu1 ! manufacture is pretty ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,! great c5tres are ,kiusiu1 9 :i* are ,hiz5 & ,satsuma2 ,kioto1 r\nd :i* are clu/]$ ! prom95t names ( ,awadji1 ,hiogo1 ,idsumi1 & ,n>a2 ,ow>i & ,m9o2 ,kaga1 includ+ ,kutani1 ,yama%iro1 & 9 ! adjo9+ prov9ce ( ,e*iz51 ! village ( ,ota2 &1 la/ly1 ,tokio1 includ+ ,yokohama4 ,f ^! five c5tres come ne>ly all ! w>es :i* h ( late ye>s become s famili> 9 ! ,am]ican m>kets4 ,^! w>es are n[ kn[n exclusively by ! "n ( ! place ( manufacture or ! inv5tor4 ,:atev] rule may h be5 foll[$ 9 ! pa/1 x is n[ !re=e evid5t1 t h]eaft] ,japanese pott]y & porcela9 mu/ be treat$ aft] a me?od precisely simil> to t foll[$ 9 discuss+ ! w>es ( ,france or ( ,engl&1 :]e1 in/ead ( families1 we h ,svres1 ,limoges1 ,palissy1 ,worce/]1 ,d]by1 & ,w$gwood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4--,satsuma ,vase4 7,a4 ,belmont ,coll47 ,! ,japanese h an endless v>iety ( e>!n-w>e made = h\sehold use4 ,( ?is class "s pieces are left unglaz$1 & o!rs h a v fusible plumbe\s glaze1 "u :i* pa9t$ decorations are sometimes to be se54 ,( _! semi-porcellane\s1 highly refractory pott]ies1 ! two be/ kn[n 9 ,am]ica are ! ,satsuma & ,awata4 ,! =m] 7,fig4 #aaf7 is s call$ f ! prov9ce ( t "n1 9 ! s\? ( ! isl& ( ,kiusiu1 :]e x has be5 made at or ne> ,kago%ima = ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,! latt] is made 9 "o ( ! suburbs ( ,kioto1 9 ,c5tral ,japan4 ,! clay is kaol9ic1 & ! glaze felspa?ic1 b n ( ! purity ( porcela92 &1 z a consequ5ce1 !y d n fuse to ! same ext5t4 ,! body & glaze n be+ p]fectly homog5e\s1 ! latt] pres5ts a f9e net-"w ( cracks4 ,! beautiful & s(t buff color ( ! ,satsuma w>e is its fir/ *>act]i/ic4 ,! ornam5tation g5]ally consi/s ( birds & fl[]s delicately outl9$ & color$4 ,! *rysan!mum1 ! ponia1 pheasants1 & peacocks are especially abundant4 ,?is w>e is ext5sively us$ 9 ! mak+ ( tea-sets1 *>m+ alike 9 =m & color4 ,s light are ! pieces t x is difficult to p]suade "o's self t !y are n porcela94 ,! %apes are qua9t1 & sugge/ive ( fl[]-cups & leaves4 ,"o /yle ( decoration may be tak5 z typical4 ,! delici\s creamy buff pa/e1 cov]$ ) crackle glaze1 is spr9kl$ ) gold1 aft] a mann] 9 :i* ! ,japanese h no equals4 ,on ?is ri* b delicate gr\nd are _m-color$ fl[]s1 birds1 or insects1 :i* h>monize admirably ) ! %ape ( ! cups4 ,9 ,am]ica s mu* beauty c\ld be possess$ only by ! ri*4 ,9 ,japan almo/ any "o may be its own]4 ,a feature di/9ctive ( ,japanese art is1 t x attempts to rea* e grade1 high z well z l[2 & t art1 be+ valu$ = its own sake1 & n purely = its comm]cial value1 is br\ght to ! embelli%m5t ( ! l[ly object z well z ( ! intr9sically ri*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aah4--,satsuma ,vase4 ,v ,f9e ,crackle4 ,decoration3 leaves br[n1 ve9$ ) gold4 ,height1 #ae 94 7,r4 ,h4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,ano!r product ( ,satsuma is call$ 8difficult w>e10 f ! extreme nicety ( ! op]ation p]=m$ 9 mak+ x4 ,9 ?is ! body is co>s] ?an 9 t la/ m5tion$4 ,! gr\nd is simil>ly prep>$1 & ^u x are laid 9 relief fl[]s & birds ( f9e porcellane\s pa/e4 ,! te*nical difficulties att5d+ ! production ( su* w>e are obvi\s4 ,by :at +5uity does ! ,japanese arti/ ov]come ! diff]5ce betwe5 decorat+ mat]ial & body8 ,a precisely simil> /yle ( decoration is employ$ on _m h\sehold vessels ( e>!n-w>e or majolica4 ,9 ^! v f9e effects are secur$ by ! *oice ( a sombre gr\nd1 f :i* ! porcela9 fl[]s & animals /& out 9 cle> & bold relief4 ,! be/ ,satsuma w>e & crackle are p]fect m>vels ( color4 ,! decoration be>s a g5]al resemblance to t already describ$1 b is f9]4 ,! cracks are sc>cely visible1 ! gold is m cl\d-l & fleet+1 & ! floral ornam5tation is m tropically luxuriant4 ,9 ! high] qualities ( crackle1 ! pa/e & glaze diff] widely 9 composition1 9 ord] t deep] & m di/9ct cracks may be produc$2 & tangl$ 9 ! web are wrea?s ( gre51 purple1 crimson1 & blue fl[]s m+l$ ) gold4 ,a totally diff]5t /yle ( decoration is se5 on _m cyl9drical vases1 & %[s t ! ,japanese arti/s h a cle> p]ception ( ! subtle h>mony exi/+ betwe5 =m & ornam5t4 ,9 ^!1 to be 9 sympa?y ) ! simple %ape1 ! designs are bold]1 & ! colors are laid on ) a fre] h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aai4--,satsuma ,vase4 ,height1 #g 94 7,j4 ,w4 ,paige ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! ,satsuma pa/e v>ies 9 t9t f buff to a cold & d>k %ade ( br[n2 b ! decoration ( ! latt] is1 z a rule1 decid$ly inf]ior4 ,! %apes are manifold1 & are g5]ally *>act]iz$ by simplicity & elegance4 ,:5 ! pott] turns to intricate designs1 8 skill 9 manipulat+ ! clay seems almo/ b\ndless4 ,?is feature is m rem>kable 9 ! old] pieces ?an 9 ^? ( m rec5t date1 & is well illu/rat$ 9 ! vase on page #afg 7,fig4 #aag71 :]e a s]ies ( ?9 loose r+s gives ! piece an appe>ance altoge!r unique4 ,! vase f ,mr4 ,rob]t ,h4 ,pruyn's collection 7,fig4 #aah7 is presumably f ! ,pr9ce's work%op1 & is an excell5t example ( ! ref9em5t ( ,japanese ta/e4 ,full effect is giv5 to ! admirable workman%ip display$ 9 ! basket-"w m\ld+1 :i* is reliev$1 b n conceal$1 by ! ivy decoration4 ,a m preval5t /yle is exemplifi$ by ! vase 7,fig4 #aai7 9 ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts4 ,! fl[]s appe> to gr[ f ! base to ! neck1 :]e a s+le fl[] & a few gre5 leaves are left to f9i% ! b\quet4 ,! piece is a r>e specim5 bo? 9 reg>d to f95ess ( pa/e & ! delicate treatm5t ( ! fl[] decoration4 ,x belongs to ! l>ge class :i* is illu/rative ( ! ,japanese pref]5ce ( fl[]s be=e figures1 & ( ! c>eful fidelity ) :i* ! =m] are treat$4 ,!y lead "o to ?9k t 9 ! ,japanese work%op ! 8,fea/ ( ,fl[]s0 knew no end4 ,a s+ul> example ( ,satsuma w>e--s s+ul> bo? 9 body & ornam5tation z almo/ inevitably to sugge/ a d\bt ( its com+ f ! same work%op--is ! ,sutton vase 7,fig4 #abj74 ,! decoration is 9 high relief1 & /&s out /rongly aga9/ ! br[n gr\nd4 ,!re are _m f9e examples ( designs execut$ 9 relief4 ,^! assume ! =ms ( turtles1 fi%es1 frogs1 liz>ds1 & crabs1 c>efully modell$ & tru?fully color$4 ,on pieces ( a religi\s "* ! gods ( ! ,japanese pan!on are m\ld$ 9 bold relief4 ,! same idea is occasionally c>ri$ out to a full] ext5t by m\ld+ ! piece itself aft] a natural =m4 ,?us we f9d trays %ap$ l leaves1 cups l lotus leaves1 teapots l melons1 & "o rem>kable specim5 9 ! =m ( an elephant1 ) a saddle brilliantly pa9t$ on gr\nds ( r$ & gold4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4--,satsuma ,fai5ce4 ,buff & ,gold2 ,decoration 9 ,relief4 7,j4 ,f4 ,sutton ,coll47 ,! religi\s vessels are v (t5 elaborately decorat$4 ,inc5se j>s h figures ( ! gods2 ! turtle1 symbolical ( longevity2 & m$allions ( fl[]s surr\nd$ by bord]s ( gre51 crimson1 & gold2 or we may f9d ! gods ,%i\-ro & ,tossi-toku1 ( longevity & wisdom1 9 a l&scape2 or combats betwe5 gods & demons2 or a mix$ assemblage ( prie/s & gods4 ,:5 ! figures ( ! gods are pa9t$ on ! inside1 ! value ( ! piece may be e/imat$ by ! delicacy ( ! figure-pa9t+4 ,hotei1 ! god ( cont5tm5t1 & ,yebis1 are ?us figur$ on ! inside ( b[ls2 & sometimes !re are prie/s & wom52 or gods & dragons may be se5 on ! inside & prie/s on ! outside4 ,satsuma w>e is also f\nd 9 r\nd1 oval1 or leaf-l plaques1 on :i* are religi\s & o!r subjects4 ,m frequ5tly 9 ,kaga or ,kutani porcela91 b sometimes also 9 ,satsuma w>e1 w be f\nd :at are call$ 8,saki0 cups4 ,saki1 or ,sake1 is ! *ief alcoholic dr9k ( ,japan1 & is made f rice4 ,x is drunk hot at meals f ! cups kn[n by its "n4 ,! size ( ^! pieces precludes excessive decoration1 & ! arti/ conc5trates 8 ef=ts ^u f95ess ( execution & f9i%4 ,satsuma w>e is imitat$ at ,kioto1 ,yokohama1 & else:]e2 & !re is little d\bt t pieces f ^! & o!r c5tres make _! appe>ance 9 ,am]ica "u ! adopt$ & bett] kn[n "n4 ,!re are no safegu>ds aga9/ deception b ! "* ( ! deal] & ! good ta/e & judgm5t ( ! collector4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba4--,kioto ,fai5ce ,c5s]4 7,a4 ,a4 ,vant9e ,co47 ,! ,kioto pott]y is sc>cely inf]ior to ! ,satsuma4 ,9 ! specim5 giv5 bel[ 7,fig4 #abb7 ! creamy gr\nd is cov]$ ) a kaleidoscopic m+l+ ( colors--yell[ & purple *rysan!mums & cl\dy masses ( gold--& 9 ! =egr\nd is a cock ) brilliant plumage4 ,o!r specim5s are se5 9 ,figs4 #aba & #abc4 ,awata w>e is made at ,kioto1 & is ( m rec5t orig9 ?an ! ,satsuma1 f :i* x diff]s *iefly 9 ! m pron\nc$ t9t ( its prevail+ yell[ color4 ,f ! latt] *>act]i/ic x has be5 call$ 8egg pott]y40 ,9 ! old] pieces ! /yle ( decoration is entirely diff]5t f ! ,satsuma4 ,! colors us$ 7 few 9 numb] & neutral 9 tone4 ,m rec5tly ! arti/s ( ,kioto h resort$ to imitations ( ,satsuma & porcela9 decorations1 & ( ,european /yles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb4--,kioto ,vase4 ,v ,brilliant ,colors4 ,height1 #ah 94 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,awadji1 an isl& ly+ betwe5 ,%ikoku & ,hiogo on ! ma9-l&1 produces a w>e closely alli$ to ! ,satsuma4 ,! glaze is simil>1 & ! kaol9ic pa/e is made f gr\nd granite f\nd on ! isl&4 ,! body-t9t is an extremely s(t yell[1 ! cracks are usually f9e1 & ! pa9t+1 outl9$ 9 black1 is decid$ 9 "*4 ,f ! same place comes a /rong /one-w>e1 ei!r ) a glaze conta9+ oxide ( copp] or cov]$ ) a slip4 ,! cracks are few 9 numb]1 & ! prevail+ colors are gre5 & russet4 ,! above names1 x w be obs]v$1 are tak5 f ! places ( manufacture4 ,! ,banko-yaki is s call$ f ! inv5tor1 & is made 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ise4 ,! pa/e is a /rong1 t\gh br[n clay1 on ! unglaz$ surface ( :i* enamel pa9t+ is laid4 ,v curi\s tea-sets1 wond]fully light & ?91 consid]+ ! quality ( ! pa/e1 are made ( ?is mat]ial4 ,!y are f9i%$ by h&1 & ! m>ks ( ! pott]'s f+]s are di/9ctly visible on ! clay4 ,^! sets are favorites ) ! tea-dr9k]s ( ,japan4 ,! :ite clay ( ,ise is also us$ = pieces :i* come 9 biscuit4 ,:5 m+l$ ) br[n clay1 ! result is a peculi> mottl$ w>e :i* has be5 ext5sively made )9 ! pa/ few ye>s4 ,! ,banko tea-sets are sometimes m\ld$ into imitations ( ! lotus leaf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc4--,kioto ,fai5ce4 ,br[n1 ,r$1 & ,gre5 on ,buff4 7,j4 ,f4 ,sutton ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abd4--,kiusiu ,e>!n-w>e4 ,blue on ,purple4 ,height1 #ae 94 7,a4 ,a4 ,vant9e ,co47 ,! w>e call$ 8,kiusiu0 takes its "n f ! isl& already m5tion$1 b ! exact place ( its manufacture is n m specifically /at$4 ,! illu/ration 7,fig4 #abd7 exemplifies a l>ge division ( ?is pott]y1 :i* has designs m or less intricate grav$ 9 ! pa/e1 & pa9t$ purple or plum & turquoise blue4 ,"s ( ! f9] pieces h floral & emblematic incisions1 & ^u ! m+l$ blue & plum are *rysan!mums & v9es 9 lacqu]4 ,k>atsu is a t[n 9 ! prov9ce ( ,hiz51 & gives its "n to a buff w>e1 some:at resembl+ 9 appe>ance ! d>k] qualities ( ,satsuma4 ,x is f9ely crackl$1 & ! designs are exce$+ly v>i$4 ,! t5acity ( ! f9e pa/e is exemplifi$ 9 ! reticulat$ vase 7,fig4 #abe71 9 :i* frequ5t *anges 9 ! patt]n light51 by v>iety1 ! sombre "* ( ! piece4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! inn] surface is also decorat$1 & we are ?us furni%$ ) ano!r ( ! frequ5tly recurr+ evid5ces ( inexhau/ible ,ori5tal pati5ce4 ,all ! examples ( ?is w>e t we h se5 are cov]$ ) v m9ute cracks l ^? ov]spread+ ! ,satsuma4 ,! pa9t+s on tea-j>s & inc5se-pots consi/ usually ( fl[]s1 insects1 v9es1 or bamboos sometimes arrang$ 9 panels or m$allions4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abe4--,k>atsu ,vase4 ,reticulat$ ,buff ,crackle4 7,j4 ,f4 ,sutton ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abf4--,suma ,e>!n-w>e4 ,blue ,slate ,color2 ,black1 ,r$1 & ,r$di%-br[n ,decoration4 7,a4 ,a4 ,vant9e ,co47 ,x is unnecess>y to d m ?an enum]ate ! w>es ( ,suma1 or ,soma1 ,n>a1 ,ota1 ,idsumi1 & ,kaga1 or ,kutani1 "s ( :i* approa* transluc5t porcela9 s ne>ly z to be entitl$ to be class$ ) x4 ,! specim5 7,fig4 #abf7 is *os5 = illu/ration = a v simple reason4 ,! body is a common co>se e>!n-w>e1 manipulat$ ) v mod]ate skill1 & ! color is 9 no respect rem>kable4 ,b 9 ! disposal ( ! grape-v9e decoration1 & ! draw+ & attitude ( ! bird1 !re is no?+ m simple & ta/eful to be se5 on ! f9e/ ,hiz5 porcela94 ,9 spite ( ! humble mat]ial1 ! arti/ compels our admiration4 ,x is ! same :]ev] we turn4 ,art is = all1 ! l[ly z well z ! ri*1 & embelli%es e object1 ! humble z well z ! mo/ co/ly4 ,!re are simple vessels1 teapots1 & cups ( clay1 ?9 z ,banko w>e1 & left unglaz$1 :i* = v oddity & p]fection ( workman%ip are wor?y ( a place 9 any collection4 ,mr4 ,sutton has two pieces ( ?is "*4 ,"o is a teapot %ap$ l a p>tially fold$ leaf1 hav+ its sides drawn toge!r to =m ! sp\t4 ,! lid is l an elongat$ %ell1 & is ?9 & light z a leaf4 ,! o!r is also a teapot1 & resembles a transv]se section ( ! trunk ( a tree4 ,9 su* cases ! arti/ is lo/ sight ( 9 ! workman4 ,! pieces h nei!r grace ( =m nor beauty ( color1 b !y attract u by ! evid5ces !y pres5t ( human skill cont5d+ ) difficulty = ! m]e satisfaction ( ov]com+ x4 ,!y are triumphs ( dext]ity & curiosities ( design1 &1 ?\gh r>e1 are ?or\ghly repres5tative ( a l>ge section ( ,japanese c]amic art4 ,9 its simple/ z well z its mo/ beautiful =ms1 nature is ! promptress ( ! ,japanese arti/ 7,fig4 #abg74 ,we see x 9 su* works z ^? la/ describ$ equally ) ! gorge\s fl[]s & droop+ v9e1 & 9 x h ! key to ! inf9ite v>iety ( ! art ( ,japan4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abg4--,satsuma ,vase4 ,decoration1 ,gre5 & ,r$4 ,height1 #ac 94 7,rob]t ,h4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,,porcela94 ,lead+ ,diff]5ces betwe5 ,japanese & ,*9ese4--,sometsuki ,blue4--,w>e = ,export4--,gosai1 or ,ni%ikide4--,arita1 or ,hiz54--,families4--,decoration4--,mod]n ,hiz54--,seidji4--,kioto4--,eraku4--,kag a4--,portraiture4--,ow>i4 --,lacqu]4--,cloisonn4--,rose ,family4--,e>ly ,/yles3 ,indian3 ,dut* ,designs4--,g5]al ,*>act]i/ics ( ,japanese ,art4 ,9 porcela91 ev5 to a m m>k$ degree ?an 9 pott]y1 ! peculi>ities ( ,japanese art are noticeable4 ,x br+s be=e u1 9 _! greate/ p]fection1 ! c>eful att5tion to f9i%1 ! h>moniz+ ( ! mo/ m9ute detail ) ! g5]al design1 ! b\ndless v>iety ( =m1 & ! g5]al t5d5cy to subord9ate ! latt] to ornam5tation & color4 ,! porcela9 is less capable ( resi/+ heat ?an t ( ! ,*9ese4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abh4--;,japanese ,porcela9 ,plaque4 7,w4 ,l4 ,&rews ,coll47 ,! lead+ diff]5ces betwe5 ! porcela9s ( ! two c\ntries are t ! ,japanese is ( a pur] :ite & f9] quality1 t its glaze has a blui% t9t1 t ! ,japanese =ms are usually bett]1 & t ! extravagancies ( ,*9ese decoration are ton$ d[n4 ,! *ief k9ds ( porcela9 are ! ,hiz5 7also call$ ,im>i & ,arita71 ! ,ow>i1 ,kioto1 ,m9o1 & ,kaga4 ,t made at all ^! places1 except ,kaga1 belongs *iefly to ! k9d call$ ,blue ,sometsuki1 9 :i* ! body is decorat$ be=e glaz+ ) pa9t+ 9 blue d]iv$ f cobalt4 ,?is is ! lead+ w>e = home consumption4 ,two ( ! l>ge/ & f9e/ specim5s t ev] rea*$ ,am]ica 7 ! imm5se vases & bas9s s5t to ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made1 "u ,*9a1 to ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! blue-&-:ite ( ,nank9 & t ( ,japan1 viz41 t ! :ite ( ! latt] is pur] & ! blue less transp>5t4 ,?is may be acc\nt$ = 9 "p by ! inf]iority ( ! cobaltif]\s ore ( ,japan1 a circum/ance :i* has l$ to ! importation ( ,*9ese mat]ial1 & 9 "p by ! prep>ation ( ! pa/e4 ,aft] be+ ?r[n or m\ld$1 dri$ & turn$1 ! piece is cov]$ ) pure :ite clay1 & !n fir$4 ,! blue is aft]w>d laid ^u ! clay coat+1 & ! piece is !n glaz$ & fir$ a second "t4 ,by ! use ( ! engobe1 ! brilliancy ( ! blue is ?\ght to be enhanc$1 & ! purity ( ! :ite mu/ c]ta9ly be height5$4 ,! glaze is always felspa?ic1 & is said to be less vitre\s ?an t ( ,*9a4 ,l ! ,*9ese1 :o made a specific w>e = ! 8,sea-devils0--a euphoni\s title "u :i* all ,europeans 7 class$--! ,japanese export f ,hiz5 ! same k9d ( porcela9 z t above describ$1 b decorat$ ) bright enamel colors on ! glaze1 & specially design$ = ! =eign trade4 ,! prep>ation & application ( ! enamels h be5 describ$ else:]e4 ,pa9t+s 9 relief are produc$ by fir/ lay+ on ! p>ts to be color$ a :ite enamel ( p[d]$ glass & /one1 & :ite-lead4 ,?is w>e1 once call$ 8,gosai10 & n[ 8,ni%ikide10 is made at ,arita1 & 0 tak5 to ,nagasaki1 & !nce to ! isl& ( ,desima1 at ! "t :5 ! old ,dut* trad]s _h _! settlem5t !re4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ?is porcela9 t ! ,dut* fir/ c>ri$ to ,europe4 ,t we may h a cle> view ( ! e>ly condition ( ! indu/ry1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t x 0 9 ,hiz5 ,%onsui put 9 practice ! k he _h acquir$ 9 ,*9a4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be expect$ t ! old] specim5s w %[ signs ( ,*9ese tea*+4 ,t su* is ! case may be inf]r$ f ! gr\p+ usually resort$ to 9 divid+ ,japanese porcela9 into ,*rysan!mo-,ponian & ,rose families4 ,! place ( manufacture ( _m ( ! pieces belong+ to ! fir/ ( ^! families is au!nticat$ by ! peculi> ,japanese symbols1 su* z ! ,imp]ial bird1 ! guikmon1 ! ,imp]ial ?ree-claw$ dragon1 ! crane1 bamboo1 & o!r emblems ( longevity2 & also occasionally by ! pieces be+ decorat$ ) leg5d>y subjects4 ,"o ( ! latt] is decorat$ 9 "p ) a wat]-fall1 & a c>p leap+ upw>d4 ,! latt] is a symbol borr[$ f ,*9a4 ,mr4 ,griffis says ( x3 8,! koi 7c>p7 leap+ ! wat]-fall is a symbol ( aspiration & ambition1 & an augury ( r5[n4 ,! orig9 ( ! symbol is ,*9ese4 ,9 an old book x is said t ! /urgeon ( ! ,yell[ ,riv] make an asc5t ( ! /ream 9 ! ?ird moon ( ea* ye>1 :5 ^? :i* succe$ 9 pass+ above ! rapids ( ! ,lung ,m5 become trans=m$ into 7:ite7 dragons40 ,! same writ] relates t :5 ,kiyomori 0 on 8 way to view ,kumano wat]-fall1 a c>p leap$ out ( ! riv] ^u ! deck ( 8 /ate b>ge1 & gave rise to mu* rejoic+ z an auspici\s om54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abi4--,old ,im>i ,porcela94 7,a4 ,a4 ,vant9e ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acj4--;,japanese ,di%4 ,gr\nd1 ,r$ & ,blue2 ,figures1 ,gre5 & ,gold4 ,diamet]1 #aa 94 7,rob]t ,h4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,! pa/e & glaze ( ! old] examples ( ,hiz5 are inf]ior to ! ,*9ese1 ! =m] be+ ?ick & comp>atively co>se1 z we f9d x 9 ! accompany+ specim5 7,fig4 #abi74 ,su* are ! e>ly vases ( ! ,*rysan!mo-,ponian family4 ,!y repres5t1 app>5tly1 ! /ruggles ( workm5 attempt+ to apply rec5tly acquir$ k to native mat]ial3 a fur!r pro( t :5 ! ,dut* op5$ _! trade ) ,japan ! porcela9 indu/ry 0 /ill 9 its infancy4 ,t ! manufacture improv$ ) great rapidity is evid5t f su* examples z ! di% 7,fig4 #acj71 an admirable specim5 ( e>ly ,gosai1 or ,ni%ikide4 ,only five colors 7 employ$ 9 its decoration3 black = ! outl9es2 r$1 gre51 gold1 & blue1 z we f9d !m on ,mr4 ,pruyn's di%1 :]e ! design 9 gre5 & gold is laid ^u a gr\nd ( r$ & blue4 ,9 mod]n times ! porcela9 ( ,hiz5 includes "s ( ! be/ com+ f ,japan4 ,to x we owe ^? exquisite specim5s ( a d\ble art1 trays & vessels ( porcela91 decorat$ ) fl[]s & birds 9 rais$ enamels1 encas$ 9 a cov] ( bamboo wick]-"w4 ,! ri* beauty ( ! color+ ( ,hiz5 porcela9 is indescribable4 ,"o vase has birds & fl[]s freely dispos$ ov] its surface2 ano!r has res]v$ panels ) birds & *rysan!mums 9 relief1 & a ?ird has birds & fl[]s on a gr\nd ( gold1 & set 9 an op5 bord]4 ,! desire to imitate objects 9 %ape z well z color animates ! porcela9 mak]s ( ,hiz5 equally ) ! pott]s ( ,satsuma4 ,we f9d b[ls 9 ! =m ( *rysan!mums1 ) ! turtle1 emblem ( longevity1 on ! cov]4 ,"o ( ^! is decorat$ ) /ripes ( blue1 r$1 gre51 & yell[1 & ! favorite fl[]s & insects 9 enamel colors4 ,! r>e & v h&some example ( ! /rip$ /yle ( decoration "h giv5 7,fig4 #aca7 0 obta9$ at ! ,lyons sale1 & is presum$ to be ,hiz54 ,! gr\nd is a ri*1 cle> blue1 & ! cranes1 foam ( ! sea1 & /ripes on ! neck are 9 :ite relief4 ,"o is anxi\s to f9d ! s5tim5t embodi$ 9 su* admirable "w2 & x is possible t ! piece may orig9ally h be5 meant to convey a wi% = long life--by its symbol1 ! crane--amid/ ! mutations ( life1 symboliz$ by ! foam ( ! ev]-*ang+ sea4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aca4--;,hiz5 ,vase4 ,blue ,gr\nd2 ,:ite ,decoration4 ,height1 #ac 94 7,mrs4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acb4--;,japanese ,porcela9 ,vase4 7,h4 ,c4 ,gibson ,coll47 ,ano!r piece1 ab\t :i* no?+ c]ta9 is kn[n1 is ! vase 7,fig4 #acb7 f ,mr4 ,gibson's collection4 ,x is a m>vel ( pati5t & skilful labor1 & tells its /ory1 no d\bt1 if ! means ( read+ x 7 only )9 rea*4 ,! lattice ( gold hangs z f9e z gossam] ov] ! figures1 ) suffici5t transp>5cy to leave ! inside sc5e di/9ctly visible4 ,to return to ! mod]n pieces kn[n to be ,hiz51 ! b[ls above m5tion$ are supplem5t$ by o!rs %ap$ l pomegranates1 & pr(usely decorat$1 sometimes bo? inside & outside1 ) fl[]s1 insignia1 & ! imp]ial bird1 or ) v9es & fl[]s 9 gold & crimson4 ,all family relation%ip is =gott5 9 ! b\ndless v>iety ( ! designs4 ,a *>m+ illu/ration ( ! ref9$ ta/e ( ! porcela9 manufactur]s ( ,arita 0 %[n at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition4 ,x consi/$ ( a set ( ?ree small ovi=m vases ( a v delicate blue t9t1 & hav+ :ite dragons = h&les4 ,! w>e call$ ,seidji is ! ,japanese cladon1 & is decorat$ aft] ! /yle se5 9 ,*9a1 i4 e41 ) designs grav$ 9 ! pa/e4 ,x has be5 made 9 ,hiz5 ev] s9ce ,%onsui settl$ 9 t prov9ce 7,a4,d4 #aehj74 ,leav+ ,arita1 9 ! mean "t1 !re are sev]al o!r c5tres dem&+ notice4 ,! blue ,sometsuki is also made 9 ,ow>i & ,kioto4 ,) ! latt] is associat$ a di/9ctive w>e call$ ,eraku1 f its inv5tor1 9 :i* gold decoration is laid ^u a r$ gr\nd4 ,:5 ,indian-ink & ! colors ( ! ,ni%ikide are f\nd on ,kioto porcela91 x resembles v closely t ( ,hiz54 ,gre51 blue1 & gold are frequ5tly m+l$4 ,z 9 o!r ,japanese c5tres1 ! t5d5cy to seek nature1 ei!r = sugge/ion or imitation1 manife/s itself at ,kioto4 ,vases ) crabs & %ells1 m\ld$ & pa9t$ f nature1 rem9d u ( ! 8,palissy pott]y1 ) rais$ fi%es & fruit10 ( :i* ,sir ,r4 ,alcock speaks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acc4--,kaga ,w>e4 ,decoration1 ,r$ & ,gold4 7,a4 ,a4 ,vant9e ,co47 ,some:at simil> to ,eraku is ! porcela9 ( ,kaga4 ,"o quality 7,fig4 #acc7 ( ! latt] has gold decorations on r$ or black gr\nds1 m+l$ ) fl[]s or birds trac$ ei!r 9 r$ or black1 accord+ to ! gr\nd4 ,on ano!r quality ! pa9t+ outl9$ 9 black is execut$ 9 enamel colors1 resembl+ ^? already describ$ z 9 use at ,arita4 ,! result is exce$+ly ri*4 ,"o specim5 is describ$ by ,mr4 ,j>ves 78,art ( ,japan071 & is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,sutton1 ( ,new ,york4 ,on ! outside are two m5 hold+ a conv]sation on ! bank ( a /ream4 ,9 ! inside1 9 ,*9ese *>act]s--adopt$ by ! ,japanese 9 ! ?ird c5tury--( ! m9ute/ size1 is ! foll[+ explanatory leg5d3 8,kutz5 _h already tak5 8 leave1 & 0 w&]+ by ! side ( ! riv]1 9 a sorr[ful & deject$ mann]1 :5 he met a fi%]man1 :o said1 #8,:y d y come "h8 ,y are ! *ief reta9] ( ,k+ ,s4' ,!n ,kutz5 repli$1 #8,! m5 ( ! _w are all alike1 & z impure wat]1 b ,i am pure2 !y are all drunk1 b ,i am sob]2 !re=e ,i come "h4' ,!n ! fi%]man said1 #8,an anci5t sage has said1 t if we mix & associate ) ! m5 ( ! _w1 we %all become z impure z !y are2 if !y are all drunk1 we %all be drunk also1 & dr9k ! s$im5t ( _! dr9k2 if !y are dirty1 we %all be dirty also1 & /ir up ! mud4' ,!n ,kutz5 repli$1 #8,x is an anci5t say+1 t :5 we dress our hair1 we necess>ily rub ! du/ (f our cap2 :5 we ba! 9 hot wat]1 we necess>ily %ake ! du/ (f our clo!s2 ?us1 :5 our he>ts become pure1 we %ake (f all defilem5t4 ,i w\ld r ?r[ myself into ! riv]1 & become food = ! fi%es1 ?an to be defil$ by !e6' ,!n ! fi%]man w5t away smil+1 &1 /rik+ ! gunwale ( 8 boat1 sang3 #8,s1 :5 ! wat]s ( ,soro are clean1 ,i w wa% my cap-/r+s2 :5 ! wat]s ( ,soro are dirty1 ,i w wa% my feet4'0 ,ano!r cup1 also 9 ,mr4 ,sutton's collection1 ( a some:at simil> %ape1 i4 e41 n>r[ & high1 has ! inside almo/ entirely cov]$ ) ^! m9ute *>act]s4 ,x is well-nigh impossible to trace ) ! eye ^? ne> ! bottom1 & an e/imate c ?us be made ( ! difficulty ( =m+ !m ) ! bru%4 ,! decoration p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ,kaga porcela9 is ! multiplication ( portraits4 ,occasionally we f9d m$allions ( fl[]s set 9 color$ bord]s1 or fi%es on ! inside ( bo? vessel & cov]1 & v9es & fl[]s on ! outside2 b ! /yle mo/ intimately associat$ ) ,kaga is ! m>vell\sly m9ute & highly f9i%$ pa9t+ ( a cr[d ( faces4 ,we h se5 :ole tea-sets ?us cov]$ ) :at 7 said to be portraits ( ! poets ( ! ,mikado's empire1 execut$ ) ! mo/ p]fect f9i% ^u a gr\nd ( pure gold4 ,on ! inside ( "o %all[ di% !re 7 no few] ?an sixty-five portraits1 on a gr\nd ( gold1 & on ! outside 0 a l&scape set 9 fl[]s4 ,a plaque ( ! same w>e _h eighty figures1 on a gold gr\nd1 surr\nd+ a m$allion ) fly+ birds4 ,! porcela9 *os5 = ^! curi\s & wond]ful works is g5]ally ?ick & ( inf]ior quality1 b ! effect ( ! r$ & gold gr\nds1 occasionally alt]nat$ ) blue1 is unque/ionably ri*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acd4--,ow>i ,porcela91 decorat$ at ,y$do4 7,yo%ida ,kiyon>i ,coll47 ,at ,ow>i1 ! favorite colors w\ld appe> to be deep-blue & :ite1 ! =m] be+ g5]ally us$ z a gr\nd1 ! latt] = ornam5tation4 ,! seat ( ! manufacture is ,seto1 a village ne> ,nagoya1 ! *ief t[n ( ! prov9ce ( ,ow>i4 ,_m ( ! heavy vessels n[ manufactur$ at ,seto h no arti/ic quality to recomm5d !m1 b small] specim5s ( great beauty may occasionally be met )4 ,a small vase1 = example1 has ! base ( deep blue1 ! body ( a pal] %ade1 & ! upp] "p deep5+ into a purpli% t9t4 ,9 "s cases ! :ite decoration is 9 relief4 ,! porcela9 & pott]y rea*+ u f ,y$do 7,fig4 #acd71 or ,tokio1 is l>gely compos$ ( ! diff]5t prov9cial products4 ,!y are tak5 to t city to be decorat$1 & x is almo/ impossible 9 ! great majority ( cases to specify ! place ( manufacture4 ,two rem>kable me?ods ( decorat+ porcela9 br+ u to lacqu]-"w & cloisonn enamel4 ,lacqu] is a sap or gum drawn by tapp+ f ! ,rhus v]nicif]a1 a tree cultivat$ = ?is special purpose ?r\gh\t ! entire s\!rn half ( ,japan4 ,aft] settl+1 ! lacqu] is mix$ ) c]ta9 color+ & h>d5+ p[d]s1 & /ra9$4 ,! black quality is made by expos+ ! visc\s gum = a few days to ! op5 air1 & !n dilut+ x ) wat] :i* has be5 = "s "t mix$ ) iron fil+s4 ,! great] "p ( ! wat] is !n all[$ to evaporate1 & ! process hav+ be5 complet$1 ! lacqu] is ready = use4 ,! ornam5tation consi/s ei!r ( "m-(-pe>l1 ivory1 or metal sunk into ! lacqu] be=e x h>d5s1 or ( pa9t+4 ,a pair ( tall ,arita vases 7,fig4 #ace7 :i* 7 exhibit$ at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition are examples ( ?is "w4 ,cloisonn enamel on porcela9 7,figs4 #acf & #acg7 is to be reg>d$ *iefly z a curiosity ( workman%ip1 & z an example ( ! irresi/ible t5d5cy discov]able 9 ,japanese arti/s to cope ) me*anical difficulty1 s9ce ! v same effects are produc$ ) great] ease ^u a metal base4 ,f9e metallic l9es divide ! surface into spaces or cells %ap$ accord+ to ! details ( ! design1 & are fix$ to ! biscuit by means ( a fusible glass4 ,! comp>tm5ts are !n fill$ ) vitrifiable enamels4 ,^! adh]e aft] fir+1 & help 9 keep+ ! cells 9 position4 ,! *ief places ( manufacture are ,ow>i1 ,kioto1 ,osaka1 & ,tokio4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ace4--,lacqu] on ,arita ,porcela94 ,height1 #h ft4 #h 94 7,corcoran ,art ,gall]y47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acf4--,tokio ,cloisonn ,enamel4 7,sutton ,coll47 ,! sy/em ( classification :i* has hi!rto be5 foll[$ has be5 adopt$ ma9ly 9 view ( ! mod]n manufactures ( ,japan4 ,9 look+ at its m anci5t w>es1 ! place ( manufacture be+1 u a rule1 unkn[n1 ! me?od ( assortm5t usually adopt$ is t bas$ ^u g5]al *>act]i/ics & m>k$ features ( resemblance4 ,foll[+ ! ,*9ese p>allel1 !re are1 z we h said1 ,*rysan!mo-,ponian & ,rose families1 b no ,gre54 ,! symbols1 :e!r consi/+ ( fl[]s or animals1 are ! be/ & safe/ indications ( ! orig9 ( ! piece4 ,_m ( ! f9e/ specim5s belong to ! ,rose family1 & x may z well be /at$ at ! outset t1 9 spite ( ! mo/ c>eful exam9ation1 x is sometimes impossible to ascribe its repres5tatives to a c]ta9 orig91 & to discrim9ate betwe5 ! works belong+ to ,*9a & ^? ( ,japan4 ,x foll[s1 t ! f9] pieces are at lea/ equal to any?+ ,*9a has produc$4 ,! ,japanese us$ to say t human bones =m$ "o ( ! +r$i5ts ( ! pa/e1 & a mean+ c easily be f\nd = ! phrase 9 ! va/ am\nt ( labor dem&$ by its prep>ation4 ,specim5s ( ! be/ qualities are z pl5tiful 9 ,europe z 9 ,japan3 p]haps !y may become m s1 %\ld ! revival n[ expect$ n fulfil ! hopes ent]ta9$ reg>d+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #acg4--,ow>i ,cloisonn ,enamel4 7,sutton ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ach4--;,japanese ,vase4 ,:ite1 ,r$1 ,rose1 & ,gre54 ,blossoms on ,left2 ,:ite ,enamel ,rais$4 ,height1 #f 94 7,rob]t ,h4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,jacquem>t classes all ! f9e porcela9 ( ,japan "u ! ,rose family1 to :i* w\ld1 !re=e1 belong ! vase 7,fig4 #ach7 ) :ite enamel decoration 9 relief4 ,! subdivision ( ! family into vitre\s & arti/ic porcela91 leads u to exam9e ! gr\nds ^u :i* x is made4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! two classes is bas$ ^u ! /yles ( decoration4 ,9 bo? qualities ! pa/e is v transluc5t1 & ! colors are pure & cle>4 ,! decoration ( ! vitre\s is sp>+1 & ( mo/ c>eful execution1 z ?\gh ! arti/ 7 desir\s ( giv+ full effect to ! natural beauty ( ! w>e 9 its unadorn$ purity4 ,decorations ( ?is k9d gradually m]ge into m elaborate designs1 9 :i* fl[]s are /rewn 9 c>eless grace ov] ! opalesc5t pa/e1 or animals are repres5t$ 9 gold & r$4 ,9 ! arti/ic porcela9 ! decoration p>takes m ( ! ,*9ese intricacy & ri*ness ( color4 ,r$1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 & black m+le 9 sc5es 9 :i* appe> birds1 figures1 & fl[]s surr\nd$ by deep & delicately %ad$ bord]s4 ,x is inf]r$1 f ! gradually increas+ elaboration ( ! designs1 t ! vitre\s prec$$ ! arti/ic1 & t ! latt]1 :ile tol]ably di/9ct f ! ,*9ese ,rose1 is ! result ( ,*9ese influ5ce4 ,by reason ( 8 faulty *ronology1 ,m4 ,jacquem>t's inf]5ce is op5 to "q1 al?\gh 9 ! pres5t case he appe>s to h rea*$ a p>tial tru?4 ,! condition ( bo? ,*9a & ,japan1 z x c be glean$ f hi/ory1 detracts some:at f ! probability ( ! assumptions ( ! au?or m5tion$4 ,europeans fir/ l&$ 9 ,japan 9 #aedb--;almo/ contemporane\sly ) ! e>lie/ manufacture ( porcela9--&1 9 #aedi1 ! fir/ mission>ies foll[$4 ,9 ab\t ?irty ye>s 7#aeha7 "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& conv]ts _h be5 made1 &1 9 #aehc1 an embassy 0 s5t to ! ,pope by ! daimios ( ,kiusiu4 ,?is is ! ,japanese embassy ref]r$ to by ,mr4 ,m>ryat1 z hav+ tak5 place 9 #aehd1 on :i* occasion /atuettes ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 made by ! ,*9ese = ! ,japanese ,*ri/ians1 7 s5t to ,europe4 ,b =eign intrigue & sect>ianism soon culm9at$1 &1 9 #aehg1 ,hideyo%i bani%$ all =eign mission>ies4 ,! "w ( proselytism 0 /ill c>ri$ on 9 private by ! ,jesuits1 &1 9 #aeif1 a numb] ( mission>ies & conv]ts 7 crucifi$ at ,nagasaki1 9 ,hiz54 ,! hi/ory ( ! next =ty ye>s is a n>rative ( desp]ate cont5tion betwe5 ! mission>ies & conv]ts on ! "o side1 & ! gov]nm5t on ! o!r4 ,! drama may be said to close ) ! massacre already ref]r$ to1 :i* took place 9 #afcg1 :5 ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians 7 put to ! sword1 & ?\s&s m 7 dr[n$ 9 ! h>bor ( ,nagasaki4 ,mr4 ,m>ryat says t ! int]f]5ce ( ! mission>ies ) ! decoration ( porcela91 by sub/itut+ scriptural subjects = ! 8anci5t or?odox native patt]ns :i* _h exi/$ f "t immemorial10 is suppos$ to h contribut$ to ! massacre4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject ! same au?or quotes f ,d',entrecolles1 :o /ates t a plate ) a biblical subject 0 br\ght to him1 & t he 0 told ?is porcela9 0 =m]ly c>ri$ to ,japan1 b t none _h be5 made = sixte5 or sev5te5 ye>s2 t app>5tly ! ,*ri/ians ( ,japan _h made use ( ?is manufacture dur+ ! p]secution1 b t discov]y l$ to a /oppage ( ! traffic1 & t1 9 consequ5ce1 ^! works _h be5 discont9u$ at ,k+-teh*94 ,mr4 ,m>ryat !n ref]s to ! ,*9ese pieces s5t ) ! ,japanese embassy to ,europe4 ,assum+ ! /atem5ts 9 ^! passages to be correct1 x is well to be> 9 m9d t !y ref] to ?ree di/9ct fabrics4 ,to arrange !m *ronologically1 ! la/ m5tion$ is ! porcela9 made by ,*9a = ,japan1 be=e its own porcela9 indu/ry 0 well e/abli%$1 or be=e x _h1 at lea/1 be5 fully develop$4 ,?is supports ! /atem5t t porcela9 0 n made 9 ,japan until %ortly be=e ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,o!rwise1 ! "q w at once occur1 ,:y1 if porcela9 _h be5 made 9 ,japan s9ce ! ?irte5? c5tury1 %\ld ,*9a be supply+ x ) religi\s figures be=e any /eps _h be5 tak5 9 ,japan aga9/ ! new religion8 ,! fir/ ( ^! measures1 z we h se51 0 ! decree ( ,hideyo%i1 pass$ 9 #aehg4 ,! porcela9 fir/ ref]r$ to by ,mr4 ,m>ryat comes second 9 po9t ( "t1 & is ! porcela9 assum$ to h be5 made 9 ,japan1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 = ! ,*ri/ian conv]ts4 ,! second is1 *ronologically1 ! la/1 & is ! porcela9 made 9 ,*9a1 ab\t #agee1 = ! same p1 secretly adh]+ to _! religion "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s aft] ! suppos$ extirpation ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan4 ,pre d',entrecolles 0 atta*$ to ! ,k+-teh-*9 mission1 ab\t #aggj4 ,:ile ! religi\s tr\bles above detail$ 7 keep+ ,japan 9 a cont9ual f]m5t1 ,*9a 0 di/urb$ by ! incursion ( ! ,t>t>s & ! usurpation ( ! ,tai-?s+ ,dyna/y4 ,9 ,japan we h1 !re=e1 an undi/urb$ p]iod ( n m ?an fifty ye>s 7#aedj-aehg7 favorable to ! developm5t ( t orig9ality :i*1 accord+ to ,jacquem>t1 prec$$ ! imitations ( ,*9ese "w4 ,"s s+ul> evid5ce1 :i* may be read1 9 "o s5se1 to ! same g5]al effect1 has be5 br\ght toge!r by ,mr4 ,b4 ,phillips1 9 ! ,art ,j\rnal1 9 an article devot$ to ! ,m$icean porcela9 9 ! ,ca/ellani collection4 ,he says t two ,japanese exp]ts exam9$ ! specim5 engrav$ 7,fig4 #bbc71 & pron\nc$ ! decoration ,japanese4 ,! /yle !y attribut$ to ,%onsui1 & said t x 0 9 use t[>d ! middle & close ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,a piece made by ,%onsui bore out ! /atem5t1 x hav+ simil> decorations1 ev5 to ! flut+s1 :i* _h be5 %ad$ aft] ! same me?od4 ,if ! ,m$icean b[l be exam9$1 simplicity w be f\nd to be ! mo/ m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ! decoration2 & x is cle> t x mu/ h be5 copi$ f "s ,japanese porcela9 made n lat] ?an #aehj4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be accept$ z an inconte/able fact1 t !re 0 an ess5tially ,japanese /yle ( decoration1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 appli$ to ! blue ,sometsuki1 ! porcela9 de/9$ = ! home m>ket4 ,?is leaves ! "q ( prec$5ce betwe5 ! vitre\s & arti/ic porcela9s ( ! ,rose family practically unaffect$4 ,! probabilities are all aga9/ ,m4 ,jacquem>t's1 or any o!r unqualifi$1 !ory ( *ronological sequ5ce4 ,! natural c\rse is to proce$ f copy+ to orig9ality4 ,japan _h acquir$ ! c]amic art f ,*9a4 ,0 x n likely to occupy its att5tion fir/ ) copy+ ! simpl] /yles ( its exp]i5c$ neighbor1 :ile feel+ aft] an equally simple orig9ality1 su* z ! ,italians copi$ 9 _! turn8 ,f ! fir/ x may h _h =eign ta/e to cont5d )1 al?\gh v little is said ( a ,portuguese trade 9 porcela94 ,!n came religi\s tr\bles to delay ! developm5t ( a national art1 &1 be=e !y 7 ov]1 ! dyna/ic w> 9 ,*9a1 caus+ a susp5sion ( production 9 t c\ntry1 (f]$ an inducem5t to supply a new m>ket1 & ?us aga9 delay$ ! national developm5t4 ,"o hi/orical fact rema9s to be add$3 ,9 ! 8,ambassades ,mmorables10 publi%$ at ,am/]dam 9 #afhj1 we f9d allusion made to porcela9 s5t f ! ,dut* trad+-po/ at ,de%ima1 :i* did n sell well1 because x _h n fl[]s en\gh ^u x4 ,?is cle>ly _c ref] to ! 8arti/ic0 porcela9 ( ,jacquem>t1 ) its ri* bord]s & cr[d$ fl[]s4 ,! only inf]5ce f all t c be said & legitimately assum$ is1 t ! ,hiz5 porcela9 ( ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury is t :i* mo/ ne>ly resembles ! ,*9ese4 ,to t p]iod1 !re=e1 may *iefly be assign$ ^? ri* pieces ( ,japanese ,rose :i* h be5 conf\nd$ ) ! ,*9ese4 ,:51 aft]w>d1 ! native ta/e = simplicity 0 /riv+ to reass]t itself1 x 0 aga9 ob/ruct$ by ! dem&s ( ,dut* trade1 & ! requirem5ts ( su* connoisseurs z ,wag5a>1 :o object$ to a paucity ( fl[]s4 ,x foll[s t _m specim5s ( ! vitre\s class mu/ h be5 subsequ5t to ! arti/ic4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/ory ( ,japanese porcela9 ext]nal influ5ces 7 at w> ) native ta/e1 &1 9 det]m9+ ! sequ5ce ( /yles1 ! only data op5 to consultation are ! ev5ts o/5sibly giv+ rise to !m--! dem& creat+ ! supply--& ! probable condition ( ! skill requir$ to meet t dem&4 ,! porcela9 long call$ 8,indian0 belongs to ! same p]iod ( ,japanese art1 & 0 tak5 home 9 %ip-loads by ! ,dut* monopoli/s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! =eign]s1 n cont5t ) compell+1 by ! influ5ce ( trade1 a b5d+ ( ,japanese /yles to _! ta/e1 suppli$ special designs4 ,^! 7 reproduc$ by ! ,japanese arti/s ) ! mo/ exact & fai?ful precision4 ,a /ory is told by ,capta9 ,fr5*1 ( ,new ,york1 t :5 9 ,*9a "s ye>s ago1 he saw fit to increase 8 w>drobe to ! ext5t ( a new coat4 ,he _h "s difficulty ) ! native arti/ ( ! %e>s1 & ultimately decid$ to s5d him an old coat z a patt]n4 ,9 due "t ! new g>m5t 0 f9i%$1 & s closely _h ! patt]n be5 foll[$1 t ! sleeves 7 adorn$ ) a c\ple ( pat*es :i* _h be5 appli$ to ! old coat to prolong its natural t]m ( s]vice to ! end ( a protract$ voyage4 ,! ,japanese arti/s 7 equally unreason+ 9 _! adh]5ce to designs suppli$ f ,holl&4 ,!y laid !m ^u ! porcela9 9 all _! crudity & r\ghness1 & treat$ imp]fections z ! tailor did ! pat*es--reproduc$ !m ) ! mo/ s]i\s & unwav]+ fidelity to _! model4 ,contact ) =eign nations has nev] _h any o!r ?an a bad effect ^u ,japanese art1 except+1 ( c\rse1 its e>ly int]c\rse ) ,*9a4 ,! g5ius ( ! p has be5 div]t$ f its natural *annel4 ,art has be5 9 a mann] subjugat$ by comm]ce4 ,h5ce came gloomy =ebod+s & ?reat5$ ru94 ,:5ev] x _h an opportunity ( seek+ free expression x *ang$ its "*4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( classify+ ,japanese porcela9 accord+ to ! families above m5tion$1 a bett] me?od might be to divide x into two great gr\ps1 ! national & ! comm]cial4 ,a great "p ( ! s-call$ arti/ic porcela9 ( ! ,rose family w belong to ! latt] class4 ,x c only be di/+ui%$ f ! ,*9ese by obs]v+ ! po9ts already notic$3 ! pa/e1 ! glaze1 ! great] purity ( ! enamel colors1 ! insignia1 symbols1 & fl[]s4 ,ev5 ^! w fail at times1 z ! ,*9ese1 l$ away by ! improvem5ts effect$ by ! ,japanese 9 imitat+ _! /yles1 did n hesitate to appropriate ^? ( ,japan2 :ile ,japan1 we are told1 imports ,*9ese egg-%ell = decoration4 ,ap>t f ^! d\btful pieces1 we c see1 9 bo? ! old & mod]n porcela9 ( ,japan1 national *>act]i/ics /ruggl+ ) _m difficulties to rea* arti/ic expression4 ,we f9d te*nical skill h&l+ ! f9e/ mat]ial1 %ap+ x into graceful =m1 & decorat+ x ) c>efully comp\nd$ colors ( ! greate/ beauty4 ,! true hi/ory ( ,japanese art is ! hi/ory ( ! art we h call$ national2 all else is b ! pro/itution ( individual g5ius to comm]ce4 ,9 ! =m] we f9d simplicity & piety m+l$ ) a humor (t5 qua9tly clo!d 9 clay4 ,!re is abundant mat]ial = rese>*1 = /udy & close exam9ation4 ,! art ( ,japan has _m peculi>ities1 & w give an obs]v] ideas ( arti/ic beauty & /hetic ta/e :i* an ,am]ican or ,european education w\ld nev] sugge/4 ,9 x we f9d1 above all ?+s1 a deep love & admiration ( nature4 ,all ?is is conta9$ 9 ! l9es ( ! ,laureate ( ! ,pott]1 :i* are *>g$ ) ! v ess5ce ( ,japanese art3 8,all ! bright fl[]s t fill ! l&1 ,ripple ( waves on rock or s&1 ,! sn[ on ,fusiyama's cone1 ,! midnight heav51 s ?ickly s[n ,) con/ellations ( bright />s1 ,! leaves t ru/le1 ! re$s t make ,a :isp] by ea* /ream & lake1 ,! saffron dawn1 ! sunset r$1 ,are pa9t$ on ^! lovely j>s4 ,aga9 ! skyl>k s+s1 aga9 ,! /ork1 ! h]on1 & ! crane ,float ?r\gh ! azure ov]head1 ,! c\nt]feit & c\nt]p>t ,( nature reproduc$ 9 art40 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,p]sia4 ,p]sia1 & its ,influ5ce4--,hi/ory4--,conque/s4--,relig i\s ,revolutions4--,zoroa/]4--,mohamm$4--,ge ographical ,position4--,g5]al ,view ( ,influ5ces be>+ ^u ,art4--,decoration4--,fl[]s & ,symbols4--,conv5tional ,/yles4--,:5ce came ! ,mon/]s ,appe>+ ^u ,w>es4--,metallic ,lu/re4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aci4--,p]sian ,fai5ce ,plaque4 7,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jr41 ,coll47 ,x is un=tunate1 consid]+ ! great importance ( ,p]sia 9 ! hi/ory ( c]amic art1 t x %\ld h be5 a debatable gr\nd to travell]s & c]ami/s4 ,( ! ext5d$ influ5ce ( ,p]sia ^u neighbor+ c\ntries !re c be no d\bt4 ,! ,arabs acquir$ f t p mu* ( ! k :i* !y subsequ5tly br\ght to ,europe1 & :i* w be treat$ ( m fully z ,s>ac5ic & ,mauresque4 ,p]sia gave a language to ! ,mussulmans ( ,india1 & suppli$ h] ) at lea/ sugge/ions 9 ! pla/ic art4 ,h] art1 9 fact1 spread f> beyond ! wide b\nds ( t empire1 :i* ext5d$ f ,india on ! ea/ to ! ,m$it]ranean on ! we/1 & f ! ,black ,sea & ,caucasian range on ! nor? to ! ,p]sian ,gulf & ,arabian ,sea4 ,to h an exact k ( ! problems ) :i* we h n[ to deal1 ! sev]al great revolutions record$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,p]sia may be briefly summ>iz$4 ,^! *anges 7 bo? religi\s & political 9 "*4 ,beg9n+ ) ,cyrus ! ,great1 we f9d ! empire z above describ$1 ab\t ! ye> ,b4,c4 #eei1 :5 ,m$ia became tribut>y to ,p]sia1 into :i* o!r k+doms 7 aft]w>d m]g$ 9 quick succession4 ,! empire la/$ until ,b4,c4 #cca1 :5 ,alex&] ! ,great includ$ ,p]sia 9 8 gr& s]ies ( ,asiatic conque/s4 ,on ,alex&]'s dea?1 :5 ! tribut>ies ( ,mac$onia 7 divid$1 ,seleucus ,nicanor obta9$ ,p]sia = 8 %>e2 & ! ,grecian dyna/y la/$ until ! ,p>?ians revolt$1 & met ) su* success t a ,p>?ian dyna/y 0 f\nd$ :i* la/$ = ne>ly five hundr$ ye>s4 ,?is br+s u d[n to ! ye> #bbi ( our era1 :5 ,artax]xes head$ a revolt & laid ! f\ndation ( ! second ,p]sian empire4 ,?is is kn[n z ! ,sassanian ,dyna/y1 :i* held ! sov]eignty until ! incursion ( ! ,arabs1 m ?an f\r hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,p]sian indep5d5ce 0 reass]t$ aft] ! lapse ( a second p]iod ( f\r hundr$ ye>s1 & la/$ until ,g5ghis ,khan & ,tam]lane successively br\ght x "u ,mogul dom9ation4 ,! succe$+ w>s ) ,afghans1 ,turks1 & ,russians ne$ n "h be detail$4 ,! two great religi\s revolutions 7 occasion$ by ! adoption ( ! doctr9es ( ,zoroa/] & ,mohamm$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! appe>s to h sudd5ly em]g$ f ! comp>ative obscurity ( ! c\rt ( ,bactria--a c\ntry situat$ ^u ! ea/]n conf9es ( anci5t ,p]sia--& to h l$ ! ,p]sians to r5\nce _! gross idolatry4 ,! lead+ t5ets ( 8 cre$ 7 ! exi/5ce ( a supreme be+1 et]nity1 & ! cont5d+ pr9ciples ,ormuzd & ,ahriman1 good symboliz$ by light & evil by d>kness4 ,! nev]-ceas+ cont5tion betwe5 ^! two opposite pr9ciples is (t5 repres5t$ by a bull & a lion 9 conflict4 ,! cypress 0 ,zoroa/]'s emblem4 ,?is religion took a deep hold ^u ! ,p]sians1 & ! fir/ s]i\s %ock :i* x su/a9$ 0 f ! religion f\nd$ by ,mohamm$ 9 ! wilds ( ,arabia ,petra4 ,( ! two ,mussulman sects1 ,s*iites & ,sunnites1 creat$ by ! diss5sions foll[+ ^u ! ,prophet's dea?1 z to ! *oice ( a successor1 ! ,p]sians pref]r$ ! =m]1 & are believ]s 9 ,ali4 ,! ,turks1 on ! o!r h&1 are ,sunnites1 believ]s 9 ! legitimate succession ( ,abubek]1 ,om>1 & ,osman4 ,propag&ism by ! help ( ! sword be+ ! privilege & virtue ( ! believ]s 9 ! ,prophet1 x is n a/oni%+ t ,turk & ,p]sian %\ld h met 9 ! argum5t ( battle4 ,com+ next to ! geographical position ( ,p]sia1 x int]cept$1 9 its anci5t ext5t1 all communication betwe5 ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,! va/ ext5t ( t]ritory own+ its sway1 /ret*+ ne>ly ?ree ?\s& miles ea/ & we/1 & two ?\s& miles nor? & s\?1 mu/ ne$s be trav]s$ by travell]s betwe5 ,europe & ! extreme ,ea/4 ,long be=e navigators _h f\nd ! ocean highway r\nd ! ,cape1 ,p]sia receiv$ all ! traffic f ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan pass+ ?r\gh ! ,p]sian ,gulf to ,europe4 ,let u n[ take 9 all t has "h be5 /at$1 at "o glance1 & we %all see cle>ly :y ,p]sian c]amic art has be5 view$ ) d\bt4 ,ov]run successively by ,greeks1 ,p>?ians1 ,arabs1 ,moguls1 & ,turks2 wid5+ & contract+ its b\nd>ies z ! tide ( conque/ ebb$ & fl[$2 l5d+ to ,india1 & probably borr[+ f x2 tak+ "p1 at "o "t1 9 ! ,zoroa/rian wor%ip ( fire1 &1 at ano!r1 9 ! ,mohamm$an praise ( ,allah2 connect$1 ?r\gh trade1 ) ! f> ,ea/ on ! "o h& & ) ,europe on ! o!r1 ,p]sia 0 pre-em95tly a c\ntry to confuse ! inve/igator by ! m+l$ types1 symbols1 & ideas :i* x d]iv$ alike f conqu]or & trad]4 ,"o fact ( peculi> int]e/ rema9s to be add$4 ,:51 9 ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,hulaku ,khan came to ,p]sia1 he br\ght among 8 ,mogul foll[]s a numb] ( ,*9ese artisans4 ,! ,mogul t]ritory t\*$ ! we/]n b\nd>ies ( ,*9a1 s t x is q possible1 t to ! specim5s ( ,*9ese porcela9 br\ght to ,p]sia by sea may h be5 add$ a numb] ( ,*9ese arti/s & pott]s arriv+ ) ! ,moguls by l&4 ,9 view ( ^! facts x is n difficult to acc\nt = ! preval5ce 9 ,p]sia ( imitations ( ! ,*9ese1 nor is x altoge!r incompreh5sible t a "q %\ld h be5 rais$ :e!r :at is call$ ,p]sian porcela9 is n 9 reality ,*9ese4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adj4--,p]sian ,plaque4 ,crimson ,pony 9 ,c5tre2 ,foliage & ,gr\nd 9 v>i\s ,%ades ( ,gre54 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,p]sian decoration is ri* 9 fl[]s 7,fig4 #adj71 = :i* t p ent]ta9$ a lik+ am\nt+ almo/ to a passion4 ,! tulip meant love4 ,( ! o!r symbolical =ms f\nd on pott]y1 ! lion & bull & ! cypress h already be5 expla9$4 ,! sun 0 ! ,zoroa/rian emblem ( div9ity1 & ! royal arms consi/$ ( ! lion c\*ant1 ) its head turn$ t[>d ! ris+ sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ada4--,p]sian ,plaque4 ,c5tral ,section1 ,blue2 ,side ,section1 ,gre52 ,scroll-"w1 ,br[n4 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! v>i\s /yles ( decoration may all be qualifi$ by "o ^w--conv5tional4 ,al?\gh on ! e>li] pieces ! human figure is f\nd1 ) ! ,mussulman sway x disappe>s1 to make way = hybrid mon/]s resembl+ ! half-human be+s ( my?ology--comp\nds ( wom5 & birds1 m5 ) horns & tails1 l ! satyrs ( ,greece1 & numb]less o!r sup]natural mon/]s illu/rative ( ! arti/s' compromise ) ! ,mohamm$an behe/ =bidd+ ! repres5tation ( ! human =m or ( liv+ be+s4 ,ev5 ! greatly lov$ fl[]s suff] 9 bo? t9t & =m f ! arti/s ( ,p]sia4 ,colors 7 us$ 9 a precisely simil> _s4 ,nature 0 s\ght = sugge/ion1 n = imitation4 ,! "q ( color 0 decid$ solely ) an eye to effect2 & if a violet horse %\ld h>monize ) its surr\nd+s bett] ?an a black1 gray1 sorrel1 or bay1 ! fact t 9 nature no su* color is f\nd on horses 0 n held to be a legitimate objection to its use4 ,9 ,p]sia1 !re=e1 we are pres5t$ ) a peculi> phase ( art4 ,nature1 be+ foll[$ nei!r 9 =m nor color1 nor 9 ! sugge/ive mann] ( ! ,japanese1 :i* f9ds ! highe/ art 9 ! comb9ation ( resemblance & imag9ation1 is relegat$ to ! position ( a promptress1 & n ( a guide4 ,9 ri*ness & h>moni\s bl5d+ ( arbitr>y colors1 ! ,p]sian arti/ realiz$ 8 highe/ dream1 & nev] =got t1 no matt] :at natural object might ent] into 8 design1 ! ornam5tation ( pott]y 0 surface decoration1 & no?+ m4 ,be=e proce$+ to ! usual divisions hi!rto obs]v$1 !re is "o po9t dem&+ special att5tion1 viz41 ! ,p]sian reflet mtallique1 or metallic lu/re4 ,! use ( metallic-lu/re pigm5ts 01 z has be5 already /at$1 kn[n 9 ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s1 & gave ! orig9al majolica its di/9ctive appe>ance4 ,long be=e t date ! process 0 kn[n to ! ,p]sians 9 connection ) silici\s glaze4 ,! metallic lu/re has also be5 f\nd on ,arabian specim5s4 ,x is 9 ,p]sia1 h[ev]1 t we mu/1 9 all likelihood1 look = its orig94 ,! date ( its inv5tion _c be fix$ ) ev5 an approximation to precision4 ,! probability is t x 0 nev] v ext5sively us$1 & ! specim5s obta9$ are mo/ly fragm5t>y4 ,_m ( ^! are f ! ru9s ( ,rhages1 a city :i* /ood ab\t sev5ty miles s\? ( ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,e>?quake & conque/ successively laid ?is city 9 ru9s1 & ea* "t t x 0 rebuilt its limits became m contract$4 ,x 0 f9ally de/roy$ dur+ ! ,mogul irruption "u ,hulaku ,khan1 9 #abej1 & x is f ! ru9s beyond ! city ( t era t ! above m5tion$ fragm5ts h be5 tak54 ,9 fix+ ! orig91 !re=e1 ( metallic lu/re1 ! late/ date w\ld be six hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ago1 ! mo/ remote p]haps ov] two ?\s&4 ,! metallic-lu/re pigm5ts 7 made use ( z late z ! "t ( ,%ah ,abbas1 :o reign$ f #aeee to #afbh1 & :om ,jacquem>t calls ! 8,l\is ,,xiv4 ( ,iran40 ,,pott]y4 ,composition4--,caution 9 ,look+ at ,specim5s4--,wall-,tiles & _! ,decoration4--,vases4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adb4--,%r9e ( ,imam ,husse91 at ,k]bela4 ,%[+ ! ,use ( ,tiles 9 ,p]sian ,ar*itecture4 ,*emical exp]im5ts h %[n t 9 "o k9d ( ,p]sian pa/e !re is a l>ge prepond]ance ( silex1 t :5 fir$ = a c]ta9 "t ! result is a fai5ce1 & t a cont9u$ exposure to ! kiln r$uces x to a p>tially transluc5t body resembl+ porcela94 ,"s ( ! tiles %[ silica rang+ ab\t n9ety p] c5t41 & ! rema9+ fraction consi/+ ( alum9a & iron1 lime1 magnesia1 & pota%4 ,by comp>ison ) ! porcela9 /&>d adopt$ 9 ! table 7,book ,i41 ,*apt] iii471 x w be se5 t ?is pa/e diff]s 9 ! great] proportion ( silica & 9 ! pres5ce ( iron4 ,x diff]s f e>!n-w>e1 on ! o!r h&1 by its conta9+ magnesia & pota%4 ,! fai5ce ( ,p]sia mu/1 !re=e1 be treat$ ) extreme caution2 & ! au?orities mu/ be consult$ ) c>e1 s9ce :at "o calls pott]y1 ano!r treats ( z s(t porcela94 ,( t com+ mo/ ne>ly to :at we und]/& by ! ^w 8fai5ce0--t is1 a p]fectly opaque w>e--"s ( ! specim5s are glaz$1 & o!rs are cov]$ ) only a ?9 lu/re or v>ni%4 ,v f9e examples are f\nd 9 ! wall-tiles tak5 f ! diff]5t mosques4 ,! same /yle ( ornam5t 0 appli$ to ^! & to vases1 & its g5]al "* has already be5 designat$4 ,arabesques & fl[]s--"s imitations ( ! natural & o!rs altoge!r conv5tional--are pr(usely spread ^u bo?1 ) a b\ndless weal? ( ri* color4 ,! =ms assum$ by ! v>i\s vessels diff] v widely f ea* o!r4 ,cups1 op5 di%es ) rims ( v>y+ bread?1 & a numb] ( wat]-vessels illu/rate c]ta9 mann]s ( ! ,p]sians4 ,! color & ornam5tation are di/9ctive4 ,! favorite gr\nd colors 7 ! blues ( copp] & cobalt1 & ^! alt]nate ) r$1 & yell[ t+$ ) r$4 ,! ornam5tation is v (t5 :ite4 ,! ,mosque ( ,sultaneah has already be5 describ$ 7see page #ci74 ,9 o!rs ! colors are rev]s$1 i4 e41 :ite is us$ = ! gr\nd & blue = ! decoration4 ,at times we see ! ,p]sian love ( ! *ase triumph+ ov] ! ,mohamm$an prohibition ( ! employm5t ( animal figures1 by ! introduction ( h>es or gazelles1 g5]ally ^u gr\nds ( light %ades ( gre5 & blue4 ,"s ( ! mo/ rem>kable plaques belong to ! same p]iod1 & 9 bo? ! e>li] & lat] examples ! color+ is exce$+ly ri* & effective4 ,:at ! latt] lose 9 simplicity !y ga9 9 brilliancy4 ,"s pieces1 app>5tly ( great age1 h a close resemblance to ! cladon ( ,*9a4 ,! vases a reflet mtallique are ei!r blue1 or :ite ) yell[ ornam5tation4 ,! art ( apply+ ! lu/re seems to h disappe>$ ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! tiles ( ?is k9d date mo/ly f ! "t ( ! ,mogul ,dyna/y4 ,! l>g] plaques measure sometimes six feet by eight feet2 ! small] tiles )\t inscriptions are /> & cross %ap$ fitt$ toge!r 9 a mosaic4 ,,porcela94 ,_h ,p]sia a ,true ,porcela98--,classification1 & ! ,difficulties ,att5d+ ,x4--,decoration4--,classes ,=m$ by ,prevail+ ,color4 ,al?\gh ! discussion 0 long ma9ta9$1 :e!r or n ,p]sia produc$ a true kaol9ic porcela91 !re seems to be no real gr\nd = d\bt+ t su* 0 ! case4 ,t ,india produc$ porcela9 we h already se51 & x becomes a "q :e!r ! art 0 n practis$ else:]e 9 ,c5tral ,asia4 ,! evid5ce be>+ ^u ! po9t cle>ly %[s t ,p]sia possess$ ! mat]ials = mak+ a pure kaol9ic porcela94 ,! pres5ce ( ,*9ese works & /yles does n affect ! "q4 ,^! may ei!r h be5 ! "w ( ,p]sian arti/s imitat+ ,*9ese models1 or ( ,*9ese arti/s work+ 9 ,p]sian mat]ial4 ,! ,p]sians call porcela9 t*9i1 a "n cle>ly indicat+ t 9 "o ( ! above ways !y 7 indebt$ to ! ,*9ese4 ,by reason ( ! qualities ( ! pa/e already not$1 ! classification ( ,p]sian porcela9 is a matt] ( "s difficulty4 ,! analysis :i* c\ld alone decide ! class to :i* ! specim5s belong is 9 a great measure want+4 ,x may be inf]r$ t two pieces1 app>5tly di/9ct 9 composition1 may be really id5tical1 & repres5tative m]ely ( ! successive *anges effect$ by fir+ ^u ! silici\s pa/e4 ,! mo/ anci5t k9d is n old] ?an ! ,mussulman incursion4 ,:5 subject$ to a great heat x melts l glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adc4--,p]sian ,porcela9 ,w9e ,bottle4 ,decoration 9 ,blue4 7,jacquem>t ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #add4--,porcela9 ,n>ghili4 ,:at is call$ 8s(t porcela90 is n1 prop]ly speak+1 a di/9ct v>iety4 ,x diff]s f ! o!rs 9 decoration1 b n to any p]ceptible ext5t 9 composition4 ,! pa/e is v transluc5t1 & ! glaze ev54 ,! ext]nal decoration is frequ5tly blue or a t9t ( mix$ br[n & yell[1 ^u :i* appe> fl[]s & arabesques 7,fig4 #adc74 ,cups & bas9s are ! %apes mo/ frequ5tly occurr+1 & ! fir/ decorative feature is t ! outside & inside are seldom alike4 ,! latt] may be :ite1 ) copp]-lu/ re decoration1 & ! outside may be 9 ei!r ( ! two colors above m5tion$4 ,a /yle ( decoration v widely foll[$ consi/s ( a s]ies ( holes cut 9 ! pa/e r\nd ! rim ( ! bas9 or b[l1 & fill$ 9 ) ! glaze4 ,?is me?od 0 adopt$ at a v e>ly p]iod1 & reappe>s 9 ! 8gra9s ( rice0 "w ( ,*9a4 ,a lat] specim5--probably n m ?an two hundr$ ye>s old--( ,p]sian 8s(t0 porcela9 has its upp] & l[] p>ts 9 blue & :ite1 ) lu/r$ ornam5tation4 ,p]sian natural porcela91 ab\t :i* writ]s h disput$1 & call$ by ! ,p]sians t*9i1 is closely relat$ to ! ,*9ese4 ,an entire class is *>act]iz$ by its decoration ( incis$ l9es & blue pa9t+ "u ! glaze4 ,! pa/e is some:at co>se1 & lacks cohesion4 ,z to ! antiquity ( ?is quality1 all t c be said is t x 0 produc$ a long "t prior to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,r$ & gold are seldom employ$ ) blue1 b r *>act]ize a di/9ct class4 ,gre5 0 mu* m indiscrim9ately employ$1 z1 = example1 ) blue1 br[n1 r$1 & gold4 ,! cladons are to be di/+ui%$ f ! ,*9ese1 n by ! color--= !y %[ ! beautiful old gre5 ( _! ,*9ese c\nt]p>ts--b by ! design & =m4 ,all t rema9s to be add$ is1 t1 l e o!r p to :om ! high] secrets ( c]amic art 7 op51 ! ,p]sians atta*$ a v great value to ! be/ works 9 bo? porcela9 & pott]y4 ,! =m] is1 9 _! lit]ature1 con/antly associat$ ) gold & o!r preci\s mat]ials4 ,,book ,,iii4--,,europe4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,f\nta9s ,,( ,,european ,,art4 ,r\tes by :i* ,art ,travell$4--,_! ,po9t ( ,conv]g5ce4--,cyprus3 ,its ,hi/ory4--,! ,successive ,nations ,gov]n+ ,x4--,! ,/rata ( ,anci5t ,civilization f\nd )9 its ,%ores4--,! ,discov]ies ( ,cesnola4--,l>naca4--,dali4--,a?i5o4--,c urium4--,progress ( ,cypriote ,pott]y4--,e>ly ,greek ,art3 ,its ,connection ) ,assyria & ,egypt4--,phnician & ,assyrian ,art4--,g5]al ,d$uctions4--,asia ,m9or4--,ori5tal ,art turn+ 9 v>i\s ,/reams to ,greece4--,:at ,greece ,reject$1 ,p]sia ,seiz$ ^u4--,p]sia's ,contributions to ,c]amic ,art4--,hi/ory 9 ,ref]5ce to its ,art4--,effect ( ,conque/4--,:at ,p]sia ,taught ! ,arabs4--,spread ( ,p]sian ,art by ! ,s>ac5s4--,rhodes4--,damascus4--,progres s ( ,s>ac5ic ,art4--,! ,nor? ( ,africa4--,metallic ,lu/re & ,/annif]\s ,enamel4--,hispano-,moresque4--,e>ly ,spa94--,p]sian ,influ5ce ^u ,europe4 ,we n[ approa* a po9t 9 our hi/ory :i* /&s )9 sight bo? ( ! wond]s ( e>ly ,greece & ( ! beg9n+s 9 ! ,middle ,ages ( ! be/ c]amic art ( ,europe4 ,f ,p]sia1 z a c5tre1 art travell$ nor? & we/ by _m devi\s r\tes ere x t\*$ ! ,european %ores4 ,b beh9d ! ,p]sian is ! old] civilization ( ,babylonia & ,assyria1 to ^: glories x succe$$4 ,we are ?us once m br\ght back to ,egypt & ,egyptian influ5ces4 ,aft] spread+ to ! ea/ !y ext5d$ nor?w>d1 & 9 ,greece are met by o!rs transmut$ by a passage ?r\gh ,assyria & ,phnicia1 b spr++ f ! same prolific s\rce on ! banks ( ! ,nile4 ,p]sia1 aft] acquir+ f ,egypt's ea/]n pupils h] e>lie/ k1 adapt$ ! lessons ?us d]iv$ to h] own ideas1 & spread x across ! tracts already foll[$ by o!rs :o _h le>n$ directly f h] tea*]s4 ,f bo? ! s\? & ea/ ^! l9es ( orig9al & d]ivative art conv]g$ t[>d "o po9t1 ! ea/]n %ores & isl&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean & ,greece4 ,to %[ h[ difficult x is to dis5tangle ! web ( footpr9ts1 let u glance at ,cyprus1 z reveal$ to u by ! discov]ies ( ,g5]al ,luigi ,palma di ,cesnola 7,fig4 #ade71 & describ$ 9 8 "w ^u 8,its ,anci5t ,cities1 ,tombs1 & ,temples40 ,! record may be read by all :o visit ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,new ,york4 ,we *oose ,cyprus because x 0 virtually ! meet+-place ( ! ,ea/ ) ! ,we/4 ,assyrian1 ,egyptian1 ,phnician1 & ,greek influ5ces cont5d = ! ma/]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ade4--;,g5]al ,luigi ,palma di ,cesnola4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adf4--,phnician ,vase1 ) ,figure4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,!re is no c]ta9ty z to ! d]ivation ( ! fir/ settl]s4 ,!y may h be5 ei!r ,phnicians or ,cilicians1 & ?us only ano!r bran* ( ! great ,semitic family to :i* ! ,phnicians belong$4 ,or coloni/s may h arriv$ f ,cilicia & ,phnicia at ab\t ! same "t4 ,!re is less reason = believ+ t any settl]s came f ,egypt1 al?\gh ! fir/ hi/orical conque/ ( ! isl& 0 effect$ by ! ,egyptians4 ,?is ev5t took place ab\t ,b4,c4 #addj1 dur+ ! reign ( ,?o?mes ,,iii4 ,h[ long x rema9$ "u ,egyptian control does n exactly appe>1 b x next pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,tyrians at a date prior to ,b4,c4 #ajjj4 ,x 0 next conqu]$ by ,s>gon1 ,k+ ( ,assyria1 & :51 ab\t ,b4,c4 #fjj1 ,apries1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 took ,sidon1 he includ$ ,cyprus 9 8 conque/4 ,amasis1 ! successor & murd]] ( ,apries1 complet$ ! "w ( ! latt]4 ,! ,cypriotes !n turn$ = deliv]ance to ,cambyses ( ,p]sia1 & ,cyprus became a dep5d5cy ( ! great ea/]n p[]4 ,aga9 ! isl& 0 %ak5 by revolt1 & ! great] "p ( its p jo9$ ! ,ionians 9 an unsuccessful attempt to ?r[ (f ! ,p]sian yoke4 ,! ,a!nians & ,lac$monians1 aft] tak+ a portion ( ,cyprus 7,b4,c4 #dgg71 ab&on$ _! conque/s4 ,!n came ! rebellion ( ,evagoras1 ,k+ ( ,salamis1 ^: fa!r _h be5 dispossess$ by ! ,p]sians1 ! result ( :i* 0 t ,evagoras recov]$ 8 own k+dom1 b ! isl& /ill rema9$ tribut>y to ,p]sia4 ,x !n fell "u ! control ( ,alex&] ( ,mac$on1 & 0 held by 8 g5]als = a few ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,ptolemy ,lagus1 or ,sot]1 aga9 br\ght ,cyprus "u ,egyptian rule1 & la/ly came ! arms ( all-conqu]+ ,rome4 ,we ne$ g no f>!r4 ,we /& 9 ,cyprus1 ^u a battle-field cross$ by ! armies ( e nation ( antiquity ) any claim to w>like r5[n1 & f9d 9 x at once ! !me ( anci5t poets & ! prize ( anci5t w>riors4 ,s f> we may travel 9 ! track ( w>1 b ! hi/ory ( art is affect$ less by ! conque/ ( battle ?an by p]man5t occupancy & ! m peaceful conque/ ( colonization4 ,?us we f9d ,phnician art leav+ a deep] impress ^u ,cyprus ?an any o!r1 & "o to be detect$ ev5 amid/ ! confusion ( ,semitic & ,hell5ic rema9s4 ,?is art develop$1 on ! "o h&1 into some?+ be>+ a semblance ( an indep5d5t ,cypriote "*1 &1 on ! o!r1 into a =m m di/9ctively ,greek4 ,phnicia 0 ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! ,assyrian & ,egyptian elem5ts ( decorative art 7 comb9$1 & be+ br\ght on ! o!r side into contact ) ,greece1 ! hi/ory ( ,greek art is ?us cont9u$ backw>d into a remote antiquity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adg4--,phnician ,vase1 f ,curium4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,mus47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adh4--,phnician ,vase1 f ,dali1 ) ,phnician ,inscription4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,! e>ly ,phnician settl]s locat$ !mselves *iefly on ! s\!rn & ea/]n sides ( ! isl&2 ! ,greeks *ose ! nor? & we/4 ,bo? 7 evid5tly actuat$ by ! same motive1 viz41 to give ! pref]5ce to ! localities ne>e/ ! l& f :i* !y _h come4 ,! ,phnicians f\nd$ ,paphos1 ,ama?us1 & ,citium2 ! ,greeks f\nd$ ,salamis1 ,curium1 ,neo-,paphos1 & sev]al o!r t[ns4 ,t5c] & ,agap5or1 two ( ! ,greek h]oes f ! ,trojan w>1 settl$ 9 ,cyprus1 & ! isl& is ?us introduc$ into ,grecian leg5d4 ,z "t pass$1 ! ,greek & ,phnician elem5ts und]w5t a m or less complete amalgamation4 ,! ,greek language became ! prevail+ tongue1 & ! ,phnician religion became ! common cre$4 ,aphrodite1 :o sprung f ! foam ( ! sea1 & 0 waft$ to ! %ore ( ,cyprus1 0 ! ,tyrian ,a/>te1 ! ,assyrian ,mylitta4 ,h] wor%ip ext5d$ ov] ! :ole isl&1 & 0 engag$ 9 ) all ! lic5ti\s impurity ( ! ,ori5tal orig9al4 ,greece rose z ,phnicia decl9$1 & h] p spread beyond ! limits ( _! ance/ral settlem5ts4 ,"o civilization rose ^u ! ru9s ( ano!r1 & di$ 9 its turn2 & ,cesnola f\nd !m pil$ "o ^u ano!r 9 /rata1 to be op5$ up & read l ! /ony leaves ( ! geologi/'s book4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #adi4--,phnician ,vase1 f ,curium4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,t ?is is lit]ally ! case c be v easily %[n4 ,g5]al di ,cesnola began 8 excavations at ,l>naca1 on ! s\!rn %ore ( ! isl&1 or ne> ! anci5t ,citium1 or ,kittim1 a ,phnician city4 ,ne> ?is city h be5 f\nd a numb] ( t]ra-cotta /atuettes1 :i* ,g5]al ,cesnola ascribes to ! f\r? c5tury be=e our era4 ,he ?9ks !y 7 import$ f ,greece4 ,!y 7 accompani$ by o!rs1 poorly execut$1 & "s figures sugge/ive ( ,phnicia & ,egypt4 ,x 0 "h t ! vase1 ,fig4 #aej1 0 discov]$4 ,cross+ ! ,santa ,croce range1 he f\nd1 at ,dali1 on ! pla9 ( ,mess>ia1 ! necropolis ( ! ,phnician city ,idalium4 ,he began 8 excavations among ! ,phnician tombs1 & exhum$ a great quantity ( pott]y ( sev]al %apes4 ,! vases are ( light-color$ clay1 & are v>i\sly decorat$ ) geometric patt]ns & conc5tric circles 9 br[n color4 ,"o ( !m 7,fig4 #adh7 has a ,phnician inscription1 & all ! o!rs 7 evid5tly ,phnician4 ,above ! ti] ( tombs f :i* ^! 7 tak51 a second ti] 0 discov]$1 ( a diff]5t epo*1 & conta9+ objects ( a totally diff]5t "*4 ,e>!n-w>e gave place to glass 9 all ! %apes f\nd 9 ,greek pott]y1 ! amphora1 leky?os1 krat]1 kylix1 & o!rs4 ,_m 7 ( a =mation s evid5tly late t ! discov]] ascribes !m to ! ,grco-,roman p]iod4 ,"h !n1 0 ,greek & ,phnician "w repos+ 9 juxtaposition4 ,an explanation 0 f\nd by return+ to ! ,greek tomb :i* _h be5 fir/ op5$1 & "u x 0 discov]$ ! cont9uation ( ^? ( ! ,phnicians4 ,! ,greek ,idalium _h gr[n ^u ! ru9s ( a ,phnician pr$ecessor1 & hidd5 "u ! a%es ( ! "o ,cesnola f\nd ! necropolis ( ! o!r4 ,on prosecut+ 8 rese>*es 9 ! latt]1 ! type ( pott]y aga9 alt]$1 & ! decoration ( conc5tric r+s reappe>$4 ,at ,alambra1 we/ ( ,dali1 he f\nd a numb] ( small clay images--horsem51 w>riors1 *>iots1 a repres5tation ( a procession1 & vases ( two k9ds4 ,he made excavations 9 five bury+-gr\nds1 all app>5tly belong+ to ! ,phnician ,idalium2 & f a m\nd 9 ! same di/rict he obta9$ a collection :i*1 f ! comb9ation ( ,egyptian & ,assyrian =ms & decoration1 may be assum$ to conta9 "s ( ! mo/ anci5t relics ( ,phnician art4 ,two gre5-glaz$ b[ls h ,egyptian pa9t+s1 & ! vases occasionally take ! =m ( animals & birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aej4--;,assyro-,phnician ,vase1 f ,l>naca4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,/rik+ ea/w>d f ,dali1 ! explor] rea*$ ,a?i5o1 ne> ! anci5t ,golgoi1 & !re came ^u a necropolis & an anci5t temple ( ,v5us4 ,! mo/ rem>kable fact conc]n+ ! /atu>y br\ght f ?is locality is t ! l9es ( nationality are s broad & well def9$4 ,g5]al ,cesnola !n det]m9$ to pu% 8 explorations t[>d ! ,ea/1 &1 aft] visit+ ,salamis1 turn$ we/w>d to ,paphos1 ,neo-,paphos1 & !n nor?w>d to ,soli & o!r places on ! nor!rn %ore4 ,return+ to ! s\!rn %ore1 a numb] ( t]ra-cotta vases & figures ( ! ,phnician type & ,egyptian gre5-glaz$ vessels 7 exhum$ at ,ama?us4 ,a /atuette ( ,a/>te & figures ( ,egyptian deities 7 f\nd almo/ toge!r4 ,la/ly1 ,g5]al ,cesnola visit$ ,curium1 a city said to h be5 f\nd$ by an ,argive colony4 ,!re he f\nd pott]y ( ! usual mix$ types1 includ+ vases1 t]ra-cotta figures1 & "o l>ge vase 7,fig4 #aea71 s /rongly m>k$ ) ,greek influ5ces t he ascribes x to ! e>li] p]iod ( ,greek art4 ,bo? ,g5]al ,cesnola & ,mr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,murray ?9k t x may h be5 tak5 to ,curium f ,greece4 ,its f\r h&les1 its great size1 & its elaborate decoration make x unequall$ among ! va/ numb] ( ,cypriote relics 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aea4--;,greek ,vase1 f ,curium4 ,height1 #d ft4 #i 94 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,9 con/ruct+ a !ory ( ! progression ( ,cypriote pott]y x is necess>y to exam9e closely ! diff]5t /yles ( ornam5tation4 ,on "s we f9d ,assyrian symbols & *>act]i/ic /yles ( decoration2 on o!rs ! figures are z evid5tly ,egyptian4 ,?us ! ar*aic vase f ,l>naca 7,fig4 #aej7 is j su* a "w z might be expect$ f ! ,phnician f\nd]s ( ,kittim :ile /ill directly "u ! dom9ation ( ,assyrian ideas4 ,! patt]n betwe5 ! animals is di/9ctively ,assyrian4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! vase 7,fig4 #adf7 is decorat$ ) an ,egyptian figure1 b 9 ! subsidi>y decoration--! plait$ patt]n on ! sides & ! conc5tric circles arrang$ v]tically--!re is no?+ indicative ( ,egyptian influ5ce4 ,we see 9 x ! "w ( a pott] :o comb9$ an ,egyptian sugge/ion ) a m indep5d5t =m ( ornam5t4 ,x has already be5 said t1 ( all ! nations ( antiquity1 ! ,phnicians are mo/ /rongly m>k$ by influ5ces emanat+ f ,egypt1 on ! "o h&1 & f ,assyria on ! o!r4 ,to ?is p1 !re=e1 we may attribute ! two vases la/ ref]r$ to4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeb4--,phnician ,vase1 f ,curium4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,x is also necess>y to be> 9 m9d t1 :ile c]ta9 symptoms ( indep5d5ce on ! "p ( ,cypriote pott]s mu/ be appreciat$ at _! full value1 !re are no evid5ces ( ! pott]'s art ev] hav+ develop$ among !m to any great ext5t4 ,x is possible t ! effem9ate1 voluptu\s nature ( ! p prev5t$ ! atta9m5t ( arti/ic sup]iority4 ,x is also possible t _! skill 9 work+ metal may h di/ract$ _! att5tion f clay4 ,9 ei!r ev5t we discov] no well-def9$ gradation f ! l[] to ! high]1 su* z we f9d 9 ,greece4 ,cyprus may h be5 /ill wrapp$ 9 slumb]1 :ile ,greece 0 /rid+ =w>d 9 ! full vigor ( its "y life4 ,x may h be5 foll[+ its anci5t models1 :ile ,greece 0 turn+ f ! old to ! new & orig9al4 ,x is difficult1 !re=e1 to ascribe ) precision ! ,cypriote pott]y to any giv5 age4 ,a rule by :i* to det]m9e su* que/ions has be5 laid d[n 9 ?is way3 vases pa9t$ ) l9e> designs are ! mo/ anci5t2 !n foll[ ^? ) animal figures2 la/ly come ^? ) human =ms4 ,cypriote pott]y makes ! application ( su* a rule extremely haz>d\s & difficult4 ,h[ apply x to ! vase ) v]tical r+s & human =m & head 7,fig4 #adf78 ,! figure is ,egyptian1 & might1 = t reason1 c>ry u back to ! conque/ by ,?o?mes ,,iii41 7 x n t x repres5ts ! late/ /yle ( decoration accord+ to ! accept$ rule1 :ile ! rema9d] ( ! decoration belongs to ! e>lie/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aec4--,phnician ,pott]y1 f ,curium4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aed4--,phnician ,vase1 f ,curium4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,mus47 ,! practice ( ornam5t+ ) conc5tric r+s is an application to pott]y ( a patt]n borr[$ f work+ 9 metal4 ,cyprus 0 fam$ = its copp]1 &1 f ! leg5d>y age d[nw>d1 export$ armor & weapons ( bronze4 ,x is n s+ul>1 !re=e1 if on "s ( ! rud] relics ( ! pott] we %\ld f9d ?is ornam5t4 ,9 ! curi\s circle ( vases 7,fig4 #aec7 we see arrang$ r\nd ! base ! conc5tric r+s1 :i* 7 9 "t trans=m$ into ! ,greek spiral4 ,! same patt]n is exemplifi$ 9 ! specim5 f ,curium 7,fig4 #aed71 f :i*1 & f sev]al o!rs 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 x might almo/ be inf]r$ t ! vessel _h be5 %ap$ to suit ! favorite /yle ( decoration4 ,a cognate /yle1 also hav+ its orig9 9 metal-work+1 is t repres5t$ 9 ! vase f ,dali 7,fig4 #adh71 suffici5tly au!nticat$ by its ,phnician inscription4 ,x belongs to a v l>ge class1 :i* appe>s to ext5d f ! e>lie/ times d[n to ! beg9n+ ( purely ,greek art4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! squ>es run bo? horizontally & p]p5dicul>ly1 an arrangem5t mu* m noticeable 9 _m o!r specim5s4 ,"o ( ! e>li] examples is se5 on ! bird-%ap$ vase 9 ! illu/ration ,fig4 #aee4 ,9 :at is probably a mu* lat] vessel1 a swan ) circul> body & triangul> w+s makes its appe>ance4 ,?is is ! rude attempt at decorat+ ) figures ( an arti/ skill$ only 9 geometrical designs4 ,"o po9t is to be p>ticul>ly not$ be=e leav+ ^! vases1 viz41 t 9 t be>+ ! ,phnician inscription1 ! v]tical l9es or b&s give place to horizontal b&s r\nd ! upp] "p ( ! body & neck4 ,! ,greeks inv>iably make use ( ! horizontal b&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aee4--,phnician ,vases1 f\nd at ,dali4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aef4--,phnician ,vase1 f ,curium4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,mus47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeg4--,phnician ,vase1 f ,curium4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,mus47 ,! approa* to ,greek art is m>k$ by ! introduction ( sev]al new features4 ,9 ! vases f ,curium 7,figs4 #adi1 #aef1 & #aeg71 ! l9es are horizontal1 ! %apes improve1 & ! sp\t1 consi/+ ( a woman hold+ a pit*]1 is indicative ( a skill 9 m\ld+ & an orig9ality 9 design+1 hav+ little 9 common ) ! rud] =ms f ! same city4 ,?is is "o ( ! ideas :i* seems nev] to h occurr$ to ! mod]n pott]1 ^: mo/ fanta/ically turn$ & sev]ely %ap$ sp\ts contra/ mo/ unfavorably ) ! simple yet apt design ( 8 old ,phnician pr$ecessor4 ,! ,phnician vase ) animal figures f ,dali 7,fig4 #aeh71 is ! ance/or ( a l>ge class ( e>ly ,greek pott]y simil>ly decorat$4 ,! %ape & ! encircl+ horizontal b&s recall e>ly ,greek "w1 & ! animal =ms po9t to an ,asiatic influ5ce transmitt$ 9 "p ?r\gh ,phnicia1 b probably also ?r\gh o!r *annels1 to ,greece4 ,! /yle is r>e among ,cypriote vases4 ,x is c>ri$ f>!r 9 ! l>ge vase f ,curium 7,fig4 #aea71 :i* is rem>kable z a comb9ation ( ! ,cypriote rectil9e> me?od ( decoration1 ! e>li] =m ( ! ,greek fret1 ! ,asiatic /yle ( animal decoration1 & ! culm9ation ( ! ,cypriote r[s ( conc5tric r+s f\nd 9 ! b&s ( spirals4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable vases 9 ! ,cesnola collection1 & also "o ( ! mo/ important l9ks betwe5 ! art ( ,greece & ^? ( ,phnicia & ! ,ea/4 ,ev5 admitt+ x to h be5 made 9 ,greece1 & !nce tak5 to ,curium1 x is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! ,phnician vase la/ ref]r$ to1 on ! "o h&1 & ) t be>+ ! ,phnician inscription on ! o!r4 ,! ,greek vase & cups f ,dali 7,fig4 #aei7 %[ a new motive 9 ! decoration4 ,! spirals give place on ! vase to a runn+ scroll1 pa9t$ ) a free h&2 & 9 ! kylix on ! left1 ! conc5tric circles become semicircles1 fe/oon$ r\nd ! lip aft] ! fa%ion ( lambrequ9s4 ,9 ! kylix on ! "r1 ! rectil9e> designs & enclos$ squ>es become ! fret4 ,x w be se5 h]eaft]1 :5 we come to speak ( ,greece1 h[ ! =ms ( ! kylix improve4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aeh4--,phnician ,vase1 f\nd at ,dali4 7,cesnola ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,:ile we _c assign an exact age to any ( ^! works1 we c see h[ ! beg9n+s ( ! art ( ,greece c be trac$ to a mu* m remote antiquity ?an 0 previ\sly appreh5d$4 ,m+l+ 9 ! h]oic age ) a p unit+ 9 itself mu* ( ! civilization ( ,assyria & ,egypt1 ! ,greeks 7 acquir+ ! k :i* _! own arti/ic g5ius subsequ5tly turn$ to su* brilliant acc\nt4 ,! highway is complete f ,greece to untold antiquity4 ,we le>n1 !re=e1 f ! relics br\ght toge!r by ,g5]al ,cesnola1 t ! view tak5 ( ! devi\s c\rse foll[$ by c]amic art is correct4 ,egypt gave in/ruction to all4 ,9 h] is ! spr+ ( anci5t art4 ,! ,phnicians /udi$ "u h] ,assyrian pupils1 & ! two bran*es1 f ,phnicia & ,egypt1 met 9 ,greece1 & !re appe>$ 9 a new =m1 m ref9$1 & reflect+ a high] ideality & a ke5] s5sitiv5ess to ! subtle/ l9es ( beauty4 ,di ,cesnola has f\nd 9 ,cyprus _! po9t ( contact1 & has disclos$ to our eyes ! tea*] & s*ol> sleep+ 9 a common grave4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aei4--;,greek ,vase & ,cups1 f\nd at ,dali4 ,cesnola ,coll41 7,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,%\ld x be ask$ if 9 ,cyprus alone we mu/ look = ! c]amic rema9s ( ,phnicia1 ! ,l& ( ,palms1 ! answ] mu/ be negative4 ,x is true t few relics h come d[n to u f ! sites ( h] dome/ic indu/ries4 ,b let u glance briefly at ! hi/ory ( t wond]ful c\ntry1 wond]ful alike 9 ent]prise & 9 sci5ce4 ,ptolemy ,claudius1 writ+ 9 ! second c5tury1 says t ,phnicia ext5d$ f ,egypt on ! s\? to ! ,eleu!rus on ! nor?1 & ea/w>d to ! conf9es ( ,syria2 or1 9 o!r words1 t to x belong$ ! entire ea/]n %ore ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,l all o!r ea/]n nations1 x *ang$ its b\nd>ies z ! successive waves ( w> swept ov] x4 ,fir/ came ! ,p]sians1 !n ! ,greeks1 &1 la/ly1 ! ,romans4 ,:5 enjoy+ its indep5d5ce1 9 an e>li] age1 x 0 ! dissem9ator ( ! k :i*1 to a great ext5t1 x acquir$ 9 ,egypt4 ,to ,greece x gave its alphabet1 ! f\ndation ( ! lit]ature :i* has k9dl$ ! admiration ( ! s*ol>s ( all times4 ,its navigators pass$ ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules & rea*$ ! %ores ( ,engl&4 ,phnician colonies 7 f\nd$ all along ! ,m$it]ranean1 at ,utica & ,c>?age on ! s\?1 & at ,m>seilles 9 ,gaul4 ,"h1 !n1 0 a p ga!r+ 9 f e side all t ! _w c\ld give ( art & sci5ce1 & spread+ its k ) e keel :i*1 f ! great ports ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 furr[$ ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,z might be expect$1 !re=e1 ! rema9s ( its c]amic art & ! evid5ces ( its influ5ce are f\nd 9 ,cyprus1 ,malta1 ,egypt1 ,c>?age1 ,greece1 ,sicily1 ,rome1 & ,etruria4 ,! c]amic rema9s f\nd on ! ,phnician coa/ are ne>ly all ref]able to h] lat] conqu]ors4 ,"o specim5 is s+ul> & sugge/ive4 ,x 0 f\nd at ,tyre1 & is a poli%$ cruse1 ) r\nd body1 long neck1 wide lips1 & a h&le jo9+ ! neck & body4 ,x resembles ! ,egyptian too closely to leave any d\bt ( ! orig9 ( its /yle & manufacture4 ,aft] our previ\s exp]i5ces we are q prep>$ to meet a my?ical ,phnician work] 9 clay2 b 8 pres5ce does n di/urb our inf]5ces4 ,x m]ely pu%es back to a prehi/oric age ! date :5 ! fir/ ( ,phnicia's debts to ,egypt 0 incurr$4 ,o!r examples1 fragm5ts ) ,phnician inscriptions1 give fur!r h9ts ( ! imm$iate well-spr+ ( ,grecian art4 ,phnician vases are f\nd 9 ,sicily4 ,egypt & ,c>?age tea* ! same lesson1 & illu/rate ! wide-rea*+ ent]prise ( ! ,tyrian f\nd]s ( ,c>?age4 ,turn+ nor?w>d f ,phnicia to ,asia ,m9or1 ! evid5ces ( c]amic skill po9t to id5tically ! same conclusion4 ,let u take ! old] fir/4 ,!re1 z 9 ,cyprus1 we meet ) e>ly traces ( ,hell5ic art4 ,across ! gean sea1 on ! %ores ( ,asia ,m9or1 ,greece aga9 t\*$ ! old] arts ( ,assyria & ,egypt4 ,! c(f9s f\nd 9 ,mesopotamia are aft] ! ,assyrian type4 ,f ,t>sus come t]ra-cotta works ornam5t$ ) gre51 9 a simple /yle1 closely alli$ to ! ,greek4 ,at ,rhodes has be5 f\nd a vase or pit*] ( turquoise blue1 ribb$ p]p5dicul>ly1 & cross$ at int]vals by horizontal b&s4 ,su* specim5s take u back aga9 to ,egypt4 ,9 %ort1 ! hi/ory ( ,asia ,m9or1 its exi/5ce successively "u ,scy?ians1 ,m$es1 & ,p]sians1 :ile x 0 receiv+ ! surplus population ( ,greece f ! we/1 w\ld lead u to look = :at we only f\nd 9 "p 9 ,cyprus1 namely1 native /yles m\ld$ by influ5ces f ea/1 we/1 & s\?4 ,^! g5]alizations are (f]$ z a sub/itute = a m connect$ hi/ory1 = ! con/ruction ( :i* intelligibly ! mat]ials are want+4 ,en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ?r\gh _m diff]5t *annels ! arts ( ,egypt & ! ,ea/ set1 9 a long & /eady /ream1 t[>d ,europe2 t !re1 meet+ ) ! ris+ ,hell5ic civilization1 !y 7 transmut$ & purifi$1 & t f ! ,hell5iz+ process em]g$ ! admirable art n[ call$ ,greek4 ,mean:ile x is to be not$ t1 s f>1 we h made allusion to only "o-half ( ! debt :i* ,europe owes to ! ,ea/4 ,greece reject$ ! ri* color+ & fanta/ic =ms :i* rea*$ h] f ! c5tre ( all t 0 mo/ brilliant 9 c]amics--! l& betwe5 ! ,tigris & ,euphrates4 ,^! 7 seiz$ ) avidity by ,p]sia1 ! only survivor1 9 our "t1 ( ! f\r great mon>*ies ( ! ,ea/4 ,bright colors & gorge\s comb9ations 7 grateful to ! eye revell+ 9 ! spl5dor almo/ unconsci\sly associat$ ) ! ^w 8,ori5tal40 ,to ,p]sia1 !re=e1 we mu/ look1 n only z ! great cons]vator ( previ\s skill1 b z ! m$ium ( its developm5t into a high] =m4 ,t "p ( h] inh]itance f ,assyria & ,babylonia :i* conc]ns u n[1 0 ! k ( processes1 ( ! deft m+l+ ( colors1 ! production ( t9ts1 & ! skilful application ( enamels4 ,we h se5 to :at purpose ?is k 0 cultivat$1 9 s f> z ! evid5ces f\nd )9 h] own bord]s c %[4 ,we h se5 :at may "h be especially recall$1 enamels & metallic lu/re appli$ to pott]y1 ) an almo/ bewild]+ brilliancy4 ,we n[ approa* ! "q ( ,p]sia's contributions to ! art4 ,c1 = example1 none ( ! rema9s exhum$ by ,cesnola be claim$ = ,p]sia8 ,x appe>s n1 at lea/ n ) c]ta9ty1 al?\gh c]ta9 plaques convey a h9t ( ,p]sian workman%ip4 ,:atev] %e left 9 ,cyprus1 if any?+1 is h>dly to be di/+ui%$ f ! old] works ( ,assyria & ,phnicia4 ,_h ,p]sia1 !n1 no orig9ality1 & :]e beyond h] own limits mu/ we look = its di/9ctive impress4 ,let u return = a mom5t to ,p]sian hi/ory4 ,we h already se5 t ! c\ntry 0 occasionally ov]run by surr\nd+ nations1 b ! fact is noticeable t :5 x c\ld n resi/1 x absorb$ its assailants4 ,its nationality 0 pres]v$ ev5 9 conque/4 ,a simil> capacity = assimilation & indep5d5ce is se5 9 its art4 ,!re c be no d\bt ( its hav+ drawn f ,assyria & ,babylonia4 ,its mo/ anci5t ar*itecture is suffici5t to settle t po9t4 ,b ap>t f t1 & keep+ 9 view ! influ5ce ( ,mohamm$anism & ! influx ( ,*9ese w>es & possibly workm5 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! art ( ,p]sia is m>k$ ?r\gh\t its entire c\rse by c]ta9 di/+ui%+ features :i* invasion c\ld n oblit]ate4 ,! arti/ic in/9ct 0 /rong 9 ! p z a :ole2 & conque/ ret>d$ ! progress ( art only to see x rise aga9 9 all its fir/ vigor1 to be spread f> & wide ev5 by ^? :o _h = a "t h9d]$ its native gr[?4 ,9 ?is way we c trace its advance to ,asia ,m9or & ,rhodes1 ?r\gh ,egypt1 along ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,africa1 & !nce to diff]5t po9ts 9 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afj4--,s>ac5 ,tile4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afa4--,s>ac5ic ,tiles4 ,gre5 & ,d>k-blue on ,:ite4 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! tracks we n[ foll[ are ^? ( ,ea/]n art 9 its second & m mod]n progress t[>d ! we/4 ,p]sia 0 its real s\rce4 ,:5 ! ,mohamm$an ,arabs ov]ran ,iran1 !y f\nd art ! h&maid to beauty & luxury1 to :i* !y _h be5 /rang]s4 ,ess5tially nomadic1 ! wild fanatics f ,arabia _h giv5 little att5tion to /hetic culture4 ,!y 7 captivat$ by :at !y f\nd 9 ,p]sia4 ,if !y modifi$ x1 x 0 only to make x con=mable to ! behe/s ( _! religion4 ,we f9d1 = example1 a fai5ce tile repres5t+ ! sacr$ ,temple ( ,mecca1 9 two %ades ( blue1 r$1 black1 & pale-gre51 & ) a bord] ( :ite & r$4 ,x is easy to imag9e ! caliphs ( ,bagdad call+ to _! assi/ance ! m5 ^: works !y _h se51 to complete ! embelli%m5t ( _! capital4 ,! /yle call$ arabesque is 9 all probability ( ,p]sian orig94 ,9 e collection ( note are examples ( :at is call$ ,s>ac5ic pott]y4 ,! ,arabs 7 call$ ,s>ac5s :5 !y came to ,europe1 or met ! arms ( ! ,crusad]s 9 ,pale/9e4 ,s>ac5 pott]y1 !re=e1 is ,p]sian modifi$ by ,arabian ta/e or local /yle4 ,& "h1 to save mu* tr\ble1 & avoid ! confusion into :i* disputants ov] ! w>es ( ,damascus1 ,rhodes1 ,cairo1 & o!r localities might lead u1 x may be z well1 once = all1 to und]/& t at no place ( :i* we h any k 7 ! ,s>ac5s ! fir/ to introduce a rudim5t>y k ( pott]y4 ,:at !y did 0 to br+ ) !m c]ta9 di/9ctive /yles2 & n[1 :5 all pro(s ( an e>li] fabric are want+1 we may safely take x = grant$ t x exi/$1 & t ! invad]s & coloni/s only sup]impos$ a sup]ior art4 ,?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 because x w\ld be impossible to acc\nt = ! abundant rema9s f\nd on c]ta9 sites by attribut+ !m all to ! ,s>ac5s4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s to :i* ! ,arabs turn$ _! att5tion 9 ea* c\ntry to :i* !y c>ri$ _! arms1 0 to raise mosques = ! religions obs]vances atta*+ to _! fai?4 ,! tomb ( ,mohamm$1 at ,m$9a1 is cov]$ ) tiles s closely resembl+ ^? ( ,p]sia z to sugge/ n only ,p]sian inspiration1 b ,p]sian workm54 ,9 ,asia ,m9or tiles belong+ to ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies are abundant1 ( a precisely simil> "*4 ,hi/ory expla9s _! pres5ce !re by tell+ u t ! ,arabian or ,s>ac5ic conqu]ors s5t = arti/s f ,p]sia to br+ _! skill to ! embelli%m5t ( ! new doma94 ,9 ?is we h ! key to mu* ( ! c]amic art ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afb4--;,fai5ce ,jug1 f ,rhodes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afc4--;,fai5ce ,jug1 f ,rhodes4 ,z to ,rhodes & ! orig9 ( its fai5ce 7,fig4 #afb71 we are tol]ably c]ta9 t 9 ,p]sia 0 ! s\rce ( ! skill !re develop$4 ,hi/ory & tradition po9t to ! same conclusion4 ,leg5d says t a vessel b\nd = ,v5ice1 & hav+ "s ,p]sian pott]s on bo>d1 0 wreck$ on ! isl&1 & t !re a manufactory 0 f\nd$ 7,fig4 #afc74 ,possibly on ?is tradition ! conjecture 0 bas$ t a ,p]sian colony _h settl$ !re4 ,9 any case1 ,rhodes 0 occupi$ by ,p]sians 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & !n by ! ,greeks4 ,:5 ! crusad+ fev] 0 at its height1 ! knights ( ,/4 ,john held ! isl& until expell$ by ! ,turks4 ,x 0 probably ^! knights :o captur$ a vessel lad5 ) ,p]sian pott]y & arti/s1 & compell$ ! latt] to f\nd ! manufacture at ,rhodes4 ,at ! ,muse de ,cluny are specim5s ( _! "w1 pla9ly ,p]sian1 b adapt$ to ! *ang$ condition & limit$ appliances ( ! pott]s4 ,! ,rhodian diff]s little f ! ,p]sian4 ,! colors are less brilliant1 & ! ornam5tation 9 relief is l t f\nd on vases & tiles 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,! pr$om9at+ colors are :ite & blue = gr\nds & r$ = designs4 ,simil>ly z to ,damascus1 x is beyond reasonable d\bt t pott]ies exi/$ !re4 ,_! ru9s are said to h be5 f\nd2 & x is probable t1 s f> f import+ ! w>es1 ,damascus suppli$ ord]s f )\t4 ,^! facts lead to ! conclusion t ,p]sian art 0 c>ri$ by ! ,s>ac5s or _! ,*ri/ian oppon5ts to ! same c\ntries t ,egyptian & ,assyrian art _h rea*$ c5turies be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afd4--,maghreb ,urn4 ,turn+ n[ to ! s\? & we/1 we foll[ ! l9e ( ,s>ac5ic conque/ along ! nor? coa/ ( ,africa until x rea*$ ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,egypt fir/ fell "u ,mussulman control1 & ! /&>d ( ,islam 0 c>ri$ we/w>d f ! ,nile4 ,?irte5 hundr$ ye>s aft] ,battus f\nd$ ,cyr5e1 ! ,mussulman ,keironan 0 built ^u its ru9s4 ,9 ,tunisia1 ,alg]ia1 & ,morocco ! ,s>ac5ic works multiply4 ,"o travell] 9 ,tunisia describes a mosque ) ! walls ov]laid ) tiles ( _m patt]ns4 ,ano!r1 cross+ ,alg]ia1 visits ! mosque at ,teleme51 & f9ds azulejos 7f ! ,arabic = 8v>ni%$ tile07 equal to ^? ( ,granada1 & til+ 9 blue1 r$1 & yell[1 aga9 compell+ a comp>ison ) ! works ( ! ,moors 9 ,spa94 ,! brilliant domes & mosaic pavem5ts ( mosques & h\ses m>k ! ,s>ac5ic progress4 ,besides ^!1 _m examples ( urns & o!r vessels ( ,s>ac5ic fabrication h be5 f\nd1 color$ 9 br[n1 yell[1 blue1 & gre51 9 /yles n f> remov$ f ! ,p]sian4 ,view$ compreh5sively1 ! pott]y ( ,nor!rn ,africa 7,fig4 #afd7 w\ld %[ pieces ( local fabrication1 & ,p]sian /yles & processes modifi$ by removal f _! ea/]n c5tre4 ,:at conc]ns u *iefly is t ! ,s>ac5ic pr$om9ates4 ,x is reasonable to suppose t ! invad]s1 9 ord] to decorate ! edifices :i* quickly gave indication ( _! pres5ce1 s5t = tiles to ! seats ( ! indu/ry 9 ! ,ea/4 ,aft]w>d1 :5 ! ,mussulman p[] _h be5 firmly e/abli%$1 factories 7 built1 & a new indu/ry rose among ! conqu]$ p4 ,imitations are m+l$ ) works %[+ a develop+ orig9ality4 ,! ,mussulman & ,p]sian traditions become modifi$1 & ! symbolical mean+ ( ! animals pa9t$ on ! di%es & bas9s appe>s to h become obscure to ! arti/s employ+ !m z decoration4 ,a great deal ( ! ,african pott]y c only be tak5 z a basis = conjecture4 ,its place ( manufacture is unkn[n4 ,its /yle is peculi> & its color+ unique4 ,x is n impossible t ,european art 0 pay+ ! debt x _h incurr$ to ,s\!rn tea*]s4 ,c]amic art travell$ ) ! ,s>ac5s :]ev] !y w5t4 ,h[ f> t 0 may be e/imat$ f ! fact t !y conqu]$ )9 eighty ye>s z mu* t]ritory z x _h tak5 ,rome f\r hundr$ ye>s to br+ into subjection4 ,!y cross$ into ,spa91 ,sicily1 & ,italy1 & !re plant$ settlem5ts4 ,a great deal has be5 said ( ! reflet mtallique & /annif]\s enamel1 & notably ( ! discov]y ( ! latt] 9 ,italy4 ,bo? came f ! ,ea/1 & rea*$ ,europe ?r\gh ! ,s>ac5s4 ,! employm5t ( t9 9 produc+ a :ite opaque enamel 01 z we h se51 kn[n to ! ,egyptians1 ! ,babylonians1 & ,assyrians4 ,x does n appe> to h be5 s highly e/eem$ z ! silici\s glaze by means ( :i* ! ,p]sians work$ _! greate/ c]amic wond]s1 b x 0 n =gott54 ,fragm5t>y evid5ces ( its use by ! ,s>ac5s are f\nd 9 ! places :i* !y pass$1 & x is1 at lea/1 m reasonable to suppose t ?r\gh !m ! process rea*$ ,europe1 ?an t x 0 r$iscov]$ !re4 ,"o is almo/ we>i$ ) ! endless conjectures on ^! matt]s4 ,we f9d a c]ta9 art 9 ! ,ea/4 ,we trace ! diff]5t *annels ( communication ) ,europe4 ,we f9d ,greece t\*+ ,asia ,m9or1 trade b9d+ ,phnicia ) e port 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,etruria br++ to h] own ports ! manufactures ( ,ea/]n exp]ts1 colonies settl+ 9 all mann] ( places & com+ f _m s\rces4 ,x has be5 pla9ly demon/rat$ t ! l9es ( int]c\rse cross & recross 9 a hundr$ diff]5t ways & directions4 ,:51 !re=e1 we h x prov$ to a demon/ration t analog\s k 0 transmitt$ by c]ta9 r\tes1 x is h>dly wor? "o's :ile to discuss ! ,european discov]y ( a process :i* we "k did n orig9ate !re1 h[ev] mu* x may h be5 improv$4 ,! art :i* we call ,hispano-,moresque might1 !re=e1 ) equal propriety1 be call$ ,p]sico-,spani% or ,hispano-,s>ac5ic4 ,spa9 0 twice ov]run by ,mohamm$an conqu]ors4 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury 7#gaa7 ! ,arabs subdu$ ! ,go?s & f\nd$ ! ,caliphate ( ,cordova4 ,x is bo? s+ul> & disappo9t+ t no c]amic relic ( ?is p]iod has be5 f\nd4 ,! ,spani%1 ev5 "u ! sway ( ,rome1 _h atta9$ to a comp>ative excell5ce 9 ! art1 & ! productions result+ f ! union ( orig9al traditions ) ,arabian influ5ces w\ld h =m$ an int]e/+ l9k 9 our hi/ory4 ,! ,arabians rema9$ = ab\t five hundr$ ye>s1 :51 9 #abce ! ,moors ov]turn$ ! ,arab rule1 & f\nd$ ! k+dom ( ,granada4 ,! ,moors succumb$1 9 _! turn1 to ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 9 #adib1 & betwe5 ^! two dates1 #abce & #adib1 0 ! gold5 era ( ! c]amic art ( ,spa94 ,meantime x is to be obs]v$1 z %[+ ! possible & actual ext5t ( ,p]sian influ5ce3 ,fir/ly4--,t "u ! ,moori% sway a colony ( ,p]sians exi/$ 9 ,spa94 ,?is1 accord+ to ,major ,r4 ,murdo* ,smi?1 is atte/$ by a docum5t rec5tly br\ght to notice by a ,spani% travell] 9 ,p]sia1 assign+ ! t[n ,rioja to ! ,p]sians z _! place ( resid5ce4 ,secondly4--,t mosaic "w has be5 f\nd 9 ,p]sia1 compos$ ( /> & cross %ap$ tiles ( diff]5t colors fitt$ toge!r1 & t simil> tiles are made 9 ,spa9 at ! pres5t "t4 ,?irdly4--,t 9 ,p]sia are f\nd ! prototypes ( ! ,spani% /yle ( ornam5t+ vaults ) hang+-"w1 l pla/] /alactites4 ,f\r?ly4--,t1 accord+ to ,piot1 8num]\s ,p]sian fai5ce plaques & pieces ( vases1 resembl+ ^? ( our own "t1 are f\nd encru/$ 9 ! :ite m>ble ( a *ur* 9 ,naples40 ,fif?ly4--,t ,mr4 ,drury ,c4 ,=tnum has f\nd a specim5 ( ,p]sian w>e 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,cecilia1 at ,pisa4 ,! piece is cle>ly ,p]sian 9 /yle1 black arabesques on a blue gr\nd1 simil> to o!rs f\nd at ,rhages4 ,six?ly4--,t ! ,s>ac5s ov]ran ,sicily 9 ! n9? c5tury1 & t a ,moori% colony l&$ !re "s c5turies lat]4 ,! coroll>y d$ucible f ^! facts is cle>1 viz41 t 9 ,p]sian art1 z br\ght into ,europe by ! ,moors1 ,arabs1 or ,s>ac5s1 & by ! ,p]sians !mselves1 we mu/ f9d ! bridge ^u :i* to cross f ! anci5t arts ( ,assyria & ,babylonia to ^? ( ,italy & ,spa94 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,greece4 ,g5]al ,"* ( ,greek ,c]amics4--,=m & ,color4--,borr[$ f ,egypt & ,phnicia4--,h[ ,orig9al4--,,unbak$ ,,clay3 ,bricks & ,/atues4--,,t]ra-,,cotta3 ,:]e ,us$4--,tiles4--,models4--,vessels4--,pi ?os4--,amphora4--,pigm5ts us$ on ,t]ra-cotta4--,rhyton4--,,glaz$ ,,w>es3 ,quality ( ,glaze4--,pa/e4--,enum]ation & ,description ( ,vessels4--,uses ( ,vases4--,*ronological ,arrangem5t4--,me?ods ( ,mak+ ,vessels4--,successive ,/yles ( ,ornam5tation4--,figures4--,e>lie/ ,/yle4--,ar*aic ,/yle4--,human ,figures4--8,old ,/yle40--,approa* to ,be/ ,art4--8,f9e ,/yle40--8,florid ,/yle40--,decl9e4--,classification accord+ to ,subjects ,repres5t$ on ,vases4--,reliefs & ,/atuettes z ,decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afe4--;,e>ly ,greek ,aryballoi4 ,egypto-,phnician ,/yle4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,7 we to be guid$ solely by cont9uity 9 po9t ( "t & ! succession ( ideas1 our next subject w\ld be ! art ( ,spa9 & ,italy4 ,we turn1 9 pref]5ce1 to t ( ,greece4 ,x claims ! prec$5ce due to priority ( date4 ,x holds also a position ( :at might be call$ isolation4 ,its g5]al "* has be5 indicat$ 9 ! ,introduction4 ,! sev]ity & simplicity ( ! ta/e ( ! ,greek1 & 8 indiff]5ce to effects 9 color1 :ile p]mitt+ him to receive sugge/ions f ,egypt & ! ,ea/1 l$ him to disreg>d ^? adjuncts ( art :i* !y held 9 highe/ e/eem4 ,to him beauty ( =m 0 ev]y?+1 color little or no?+4 ,! =m] he br\ght to su* p]fection t no advance has be5 made beyond ! po9t he rea*$4 ,greek =m embodies all t c be said ( grace & proportion4 ,we may imitate1 b we c h>dly hope to excel1 :at ,greece accompli%$ 9 h] e>ly bloom4 ,we may f9d prototypes 9 ,egypt = "s ( h] vessels 7,fig4 #afe71 b /ill h] art1 ! culm9ation ( all t 0 be/ 9 prec$+ =ms1 is pre-em95tly h] own4 ,we say ?is )\t disp>agem5t to ^? :o 7 h] tea*]s4 ,to ,egypt1 9 p>ticul>1 ,greece turn$1 at a remote age1 = in/ruction1 & le>n$ f ,phnicia & ! o!r nations ) :i* trade br\ght h] into contact4 ,9 ?is connection ! gr\p 7,fig4 #aff7 ( vases f ,a!ns may be comp>$ ) ! ,phnician f ,cyprus4 ,!re are 9 ! decoration ! same geometrical designs1 ! same v]tical conc5tric circles1 ! same animal figures :i* ! ,phnicians drew f ,assyria4 ,b aft] mak+ e all[ance = sugge/ions f abroad1 aft] conc$+ t ,grecian art is ! developm5t ( t :i* prec$$ x1 & t x occupies a well-def9$ place 9 progressive hi/ory1 we fail to f9d any:]e ! equals ( ! be/ c]amic works ( ,greece4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aff4--,primitive ,vessels1 f ,a!ns & ,argos4 ,tak+ !m z a :ole1 !y are divisible into unbak$2 t]ra-cotta1 or burnt clay1 )\t a glaze2 & glaz$4 ,! ,greeks employ$ unbak$ clay = bricks1 /atues1 & sev]al k9ds ( decoration4 ,! =m] 7 us$ = city walls & build+s4 ,t]ra-cotta 0 devot$ to simil> purposes4 ,x is n improbable t we may yet return1 to a v consid]able ext5t1 to ! anci5t employm5t ( ?is mat]ial 9 ar*itecture4 ,! ,greeks made use ( x = pill>s1 ro(s1 pav+1 bricks1 friezes1 cornices1 lamps1 /atues1 fl[]-pots1 & numb]less dome/ic & sepul*ral vessels & ornam5ts4 ,bricks d n appe> to h be5 held 9 v high e/eem 9 build+1 b ! cu/om ( ro(+ ) t]ra-cotta tiles 0 widely preval5t & ( great antiquity4 ,^! tiles 7 occasionally embelli%$ ) pa9t$ fl[]s1 & designs 9 blue1 r$1 & yell[4 ,! t]ra-cotta figures v>y 9 color f r$ to bright yell[1 & are s(t 9 texture & easily m>k$4 ,t]ra-cotta models 7 us$ 9 ca/+1 & 9 ! same mat]ial 7 made copies ( /atues1 l ^? 9 pla/] ( ,p>is ( our own "t2 & "s pa9t]s 7 ev5 accu/om$ to make t]ra-cotta models ( ! figures !y aft]w>d pa9t$4 ,( ! specim5s :i* h come d[n to u a v great numb] consi/s ( small /atuettes ( ! gods4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afg4--;,greek ,vase1 f ,apulia4 7,l\vre47 ,! vessels ( t]ra-cotta are ei!r dome/ic or sepul*ral4 ,! l>ge/ 0 ! pi?os1 :i*1 z we h se51 0 l>ge en\gh to hold a man satisfi$ ) su* limit$ dome/ic conv5i5ces z ,diog5es4 ,!re 7 also amphor1 l>ge vases1 some:at small] ?an ! pi?oi2 phialai1 or sauc]s1 plates1 pots1 & jugs4 ,( ^! ! amphora occurs mo/ frequ5tly4 ,its "n is d]iv$ f amphis--on bo? sides1 & ph]e9--to c>ry1 & x is s call$ because x _h two h&les1 "o on ea* side1 to be grasp$ by ! p]son c>ry+ x4 ,x is easily recogniz$ 7see ,fig4 #b7 by its %>p base--s made to be /uck 9 ! gr\nd--its oval body1 its long neck1 & its g5]ally heavy lip4 ,! cov] 0 conical1 & sometimes ! base is surr\nd$ by a r+ ( clay to keep x m easily 9 an upright position4 ,! height ( ! amphora rang$ f ?ree feet to ov] six feet1 & x 0 us$ = hold+ w9e1 wat]1 oil1 & = /or+ figs & o!r edibles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afh4--;,head ( ,m9]va1 ) ,figure ( ,nike4 7,prime ,coll41 ,n4,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,v>i\s pigm5ts 7 appli$ to t]ra-cotta1 includ+ :ite1 r$1 gre51 & blue1 ! use ( :i*1 9 pa9t+ /atues & ar*itectural decorations1 =m$ a di/9ct bran* ( art4 ,colors are also f\nd on sepul*ral vases1 "s ( :i* are fur!r ornam5t$ ) appli$ bas-reliefs2 t is1 made sep>ately1 & fix$ to ! vase be=e dry+4 ,?is practice 0 c>ri$ to su* an ext5t z to repres5t a comb9ation ( ! arts ( pott]1 pa9t]1 & sculptor 7,fig4 #afg74 ,closely alli$ to ! c9]>y urns 7 ! vases int5d$ solely = ornam5tal purposes4 ,9 "o ( extraord9>y beauty1 a l>ge & f9ely m\ld$ head ( ,pallas ,a!ne is se5 surm\nt$ by a full figure ( ,victory4 ,!re are _m ( a simil> "*1 repres5t+ female & animal heads4 ,! latt] are f\nd 9 ! rhyta1 or dr9k+ cups4 ,! ornam5tal vases 7 (t5 pa9t$ aft] be+ cov]$ ) a :ite slip3 evid5tly ! case ) ! piece 7,fig4 #afh7 9 ,dr4 ,prime's collection4 ,be=e treat+ ( glaz$ vases we %all give ! lead+ d5om9ations ( all vases glaz$ & unglaz$1 & !n ! /yles ( decoration ( ! =m] z ne>ly z may be 9 _! *ronological ord]4 ,!y are said to be glaz$1 al?\gh ! glaze is s slight t1 z ,mr4 ,=tnum says1 8x leaves a b>ely appreciable effect ^u ! eye1 beyond t :i* might be produc$ by a me*anical poli%40 ,x is altoge!r a v inf]ior k9d ( glaze1 & is suppos$ to h be5 made f an alkali )\t any admixture ( lead4 ,! pa/e resembles t]ra-cotta1 & v>ies 9 d5sity1 be+ 9 "s cases scrat*$ ) ease1 9 o!rs ) difficulty4 ,x c always be m>k$ ) iron4 ,^! facts are wor? not+1 7 x only t t art may be ?or\ghly appreciat$ :i*1 out ( ! poore/ & commone/ mat]ials1 has wr\ght =ms ( ! mo/ wond]ful beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #afi4--,/amnos4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agj4--;,askos4 ,! *ief names ) :i* we %all h to deal are ! pi?os1 pi?akne1 /amnos1 *]\lion1 bikos1 hyr*e1 lagynos1 askos1 amphor5s1 kados1 hydria1 kalpis1 krossos1 skyphos1 or ko?on1 rhyton1 leky?os1 alaba/ros1 krat]1 holmos1 kelebe1 oxybaphon1 psykt]1 d9os1 *ytrai1 trip\s1 o9o*oe1 pro*oos1 aryballos1 epi*ysis1 kotylos1 kya?os1 skaphe1 kan?>os1 k>*esion1 kylix1 phiale1 kan\n1 p9ax1 & diskos4 ,! pi?os1 already describ$ 9 "p1 0 a l>ge1 op5-m\!d cask or j> ( unglaz$ e>!n-w>e1 :i* 0 us$ ma9ly = ! pres]vation ( victuals & w9es4 ,! pi?akne 0 a pi?os ( small] size us$ = hold+ w9e4 ,! /amnos 7,fig4 #afi7 0 an op5-m\!d j> ) two h&les1 & a body incl9$ to be oval1 b ( great rotundity1 curv+ inw>d to a comp>atively n>r[ base4 ,x held liquids4 ,! *]\lia & bikoi 7 modifications ( ! /amnos1 ! latt] be+ us$ = hold+ w9e & solids4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aga4--,skyphos1 or ,ko?on4 ,! hyr*e is n v well kn[n1 ei!r 9 reg>d to its %ape or purpose1 b appe>s to h _h a n>r[ neck1 & to h be5 us$ 9 convey+ goods a long di/ance4 ,its n>r[ neck is a tol]ably sure indication t x 0 n int5d$ to be /ation>y4 ,! lagynos also appe>s to h _h a v n>r[ neck1 & to h be5 ( consid]able size1 v>y+ accord+ to circum/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agb4--;,greek ,rhyton4 ,! askos 7,fig4 #agj71 lit]ally a w9esk91 :i* x resembl$ 9 %ape1 _h an ap]ture & neck on "o side1 f :i* a h&le pass$ ov] a holl[ on ! body to ! o!r side4 ,bo? ! askos & /amnos are frequ5tly pa9t$ ) r$ figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agc4--,krat]1 ) ,volute ,h&les4 ,! amphora1 already describ$ 9 ! =m x commonly took1 may be call$ a g5]al receptacle1 al?\gh usually employ$ = hold+ provisions & liquors4 ,!re 7 _m diff]5t %apes1 :i* v>i$ accord+ to ! di/rict :]e made1 & ! special purpose = :i* !y 7 de/9$4 ,! *ief k9ds are ! ,egyptian1 ,apulian1 ,tyrrh5ian1 ,pana!naic1 ,bac*ic 7,fig4 #ahf71 & ,nolan1 ! la/ m5tion$ be+ ! mo/ p]fectly f9i%$1 & unexcell$ 9 gracefulness ( %ape4 ,!y 7 decorat$ ) ei!r r$ or black pa9t+s4 ,! kados is ! fir/ ( ! vessels = draw+ liquids1 ( :i* class ! hydria 7,fig4 #ahh7 is ! be/ kn[n4 ,its "n implies its purpose z a wat]-pit*]4 ,x _h two small side h&les1 & "o l>g] "o1 some:at simil> to t ( ! mod]n ew]4 ,! kalpis 7,fig4 #ahg7 & krossos 7 modifications ( ! hydria4 ,! ko?on 7,fig4 #aga7 is suppos$ to h be5 a dr9k+-cup4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agd4--,krat]4 ,! rhyton 7,fig4 #agb7 belongs to ! lat] /yle ( dr9k+-cups1 & its peculi>ity is t x c\ld n be set d[n except :5 empty4 ,! base is modell$ aft] ! head ( a dog1 goat1 de]1 or o!r animal1 & ! neck or cup prop] is ei!r cyl9drical or elongat$ & slop$4 ,! leky?os 7,fig4 #cje7 0 an oil-j> ( an elongat$ %ape1 neck 9 proportion1 cup-l orifice1 & "o h&le4 ,x is decorat$ 9 all ! /yles ( ,grecian art1 & is g5]ally ab\t "o foot 9 height4 ,x 0 sometimes made ( metal or m>ble4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #age4--;,holmos4 ,! alaba/ros 0 a dim9utive leky?os1 us$ = toilet ungu5ts1 ) two small e>s by :i* to susp5d x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agf4--,kelebe4 ,! krat] 7,figs4 #agc & #agd7 0 ! vessel 9 :i* ! ,greeks cool$ & mix$ _! w9e1 ( :i* x w\ld hold ab\t ?ree gallons4 ,x is ! lat] =m ( a class ( vessels ( :i* ! holmos 7,fig4 #age71 kelebe 7,fig4 #agf71 & oxybaphon 7,fig4 #agg7 are ! e>li] repres5tatives4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agg4--,oxybaphon4 ,! psykt]1 or w9e-cool]1 0 a d\ble-wall$ vessel ( ! amphora type1 rotund 9 %ape4 ,! d9os 0 ano!r =m ( ! w9e vessel1 op5-m\!d1 r\nd 9 body & base1 & alli$ to ! krat]4 ,! *ytrai 7 w>m+-pots ) two h&les4 ,! trip\s1 or ?ree-foot$ pot1 0 employ$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,! o9o*oe1 9 ! %ape mo/ frequ5tly occurr+1 resembl$ a jug ) a lip ei!r r\nd or p9*$ 9 at ! sides1 & ) a h&le ris+ above ! orifice4 ,! o9o*oe 0 us$ 9 s]v+ ! gue/s f ! krat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agh4--,pro*oos4 ,! pro*oos 7,figs4 #agh & #agi7 0 also a jug1 ei!r ) or )\t a h&le1 = ei!r wat] or w9e4 ,! olpe 7,fig4 #ahj7 belongs to ! same class4 ,! aryballos 7,fig4 #afe7 0 r\nd or bladd]-%ap$ & %ort-neck$1 & bore a close resemblance to "o ( ! toilet vases ( ! ,egyptians4 ,! ary/i*os 0 also us$ = s]v+ f ! krat]1 a usage :i* gave rise to sev]al o!r %apes4 ,( ! cups design$ = ! same purpose1 ! kotylos may be m5tion$1 al?\gh its %ape is d\btful4 ,! kya?os 7,fig4 #aha71 or ladle1 belongs to ! same class4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #agi4--,pro*oos4 ,! dr9k+-cups 7 ( _m %apes & assum$ great elegance ( =m4 ,! sev]al v>ieties _c n[ be specifi$ by description4 ,! skyphos 0 ! g5]ic "n appli$ also to a few special %apes n[ unkn[n4 ,! kan?>os 7,fig4 #ahb7 0 wide1 some:at %all[1 ) two h&les ris+ well above ! lip1 & ei!r ) or )\t a /em4 ,! kylix 7,fig4 #ahc7 0 ! cup mo/ g5]ally us$1 & v>i$ 9 %ape4 ,9 ! e>lie/ specim5s x has a long /em1 two h&les1 & is %all[ & wide4 ,! lat] =ms are wid]1 & %ort] 9 ! /em1 :i* ultimately disappe>s entirely4 ,! phiale 0 ! religi\s c\nt]p>t ( ! kylix4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahj4--,olpe4 ,! kan\n1 diskos1 & p9ax 7 = table use1 ! two latt] correspond+ ) our plates1 ) ! exception t ! diskos /ood ^u a /em or foot4 ,( ! vessels nam$ ^? des]v+ close/ att5tion1 z mo/ frequ5tly pres5t+ !mselves1 are ! kylix1 o9o*oe1 krat]1 aryballos1 kya?os1 leky?os1 rhyton1 hydria1 amphora1 & pi?os4 ,! kylix is to be specially comm5d$ = its beauty ( %ape1 & its decoration ) r$ figures exemplifies "s ( ! be/ art ( ,greece4 ,f ! descriptions giv5 ( ! v>i\s vessels1 x w be se5 t _m ( !m 7 devot$ to h\sehold use4 ,vases 7 also made z toys = *ildr51 z prizes to victori\s a?letes1 = hold+ ! vi&s & liquids plac$ beside ! dead1 & m rec5tly = ! a%es ( ! dead4 ,among ! exceptional uses ( pott]y by ! ,greeks may be m5tion$ ! giv+ ( receipts on pot%]ds1 ! record+ on fragm5ts ( pott]y ( votes = o/raciz+ 7f o/rakon1 a pot%]d7 a citiz51 & = decid+ ! side to be tak5 by ! entrants = ! game call$ o/rak9on4 ,?is la/ 0 decid$ by 8toss+ up0 a piece ( pott]y1 & assign+ a side to ! play] accord+ to its fall+ ) ! r$ or black side upp]mo/4 ,vases 7 also made 9 honor ( great m5 & au?ors1 ^: names are inscrib$ on !m4 ,all ! vases n[ 9 museums1 numb]+1 accord+ to diff]5t e/imates1 f tw5ty to fifty ?\s&1 7 tak5 f ! tombs ( ,greece1 ,s\!rn ,italy1 & ,etruria4 ,x 0 ! cu/om to place beside ! dead ! vessels necess>y = ! religi\s rites1 ! favorite vases & prizes ( ! deceas$2 & 9 ?is way !y h be5 pres]v$ to illu/rate 9 our age ! bran* ( ,greek art to :i* !y belong4 ,no precise age c be ascrib$ to any "o specim54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aha4--,kya?os ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahb4--,kan?>os4 ,! fir/ glaz$ vases date probably f ! n9? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 & f ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ! art decl9$4 ,x _h probably rea*$ its highe/ po9t f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e our era4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahc4--,kylix4 ,black on ,r$4 ,female ,faces & ,feet ,:ite4 ,nak$ ,satyrs4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,mus47 ,! e>lie/ vases 7 made by h&1 & ev5 aft] glaz+ 0 introduc$ t me?od 0 cont9u$4 ,x 0 also resort$ to 9 mak+ ! gigantic pi?oi1 :i* 7 too l>ge to be turn$ on ! :eel4 ,! f9] vases 7 made on ! :eel or m\ld$4 ,aft] be+ m\ld$ !y 7 dri$ & pa9t$4 ,!re 7 two me?ods ( pa9t+4 ,by ! fir/ ! figures 7 outl9$ & !n fill$ 91 leav+ !m black on a r$ or pale gr\nd4 ,! vase 0 !n glaz$ & fir$4 ,by ! second ! figures 7 left unt\*$ & ( ! color ( ! pa/e1 by pa9t+ ! gr\nd black4 ,a color slightly diff]5t f t ( ! body 0 employ$ = ! f9] l9es ( ! figures4 ,! vase 0 !n glaz$ & fir$ z be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahd4--;,e>ly ,greek ,o9o*oe1 %[+ ,phnician ,influ5ces4 ,ab\t ,b4,c4 #gjj-ejj4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,we n[ come to ! successive /yles ( ornam5tation4 ,! natural ord] w\ld give ! fir/ place to ! uncolor$ vases1 ! second to ^? pa9t$ all ov] 9 black1 ! next to ! diff]5t /yles ( figures4 ,9 addition to :at has be5 said 9 ! ,introduction1 & to g m deeply into details1 ! foll[+ po9ts may be not$ 9 reg>d to ! la/ ( ! above /ages--! ornam5tation by means ( figures4 ,^! fir/ took ! =m ( simple belts ( color drawn r\nd ! body ( ! piece4 ,a vase ( a lat] b /ill v e>ly p]iod has ! space betwe5 ! two zones pass+ r\nd ! wide/ "p ( ! body fill$ 9 ) v]tical designs1 alt]nat+ ) small r+s1 ea* conta9+ a cross 7see ,fig4 #aff74 ,:5 animal & floral decoration 0 fir/ attempt$1 ! arti/'s "w 0 rude & ! =ms 7 unnatural4 ,:ite ^u black gr\nds indicate ! e>lie/ /yle4 ,ano!r v anci5t /yle has ! figures1 :i* are all ^? ( animals1 pa9t$ 9 d>k l9es ^u ! pale r$ pa/e 7,fig4 #ahd74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahe4--;,greek ,o9o*oe4 ,pa9t+1 ,black & ,r$di% ,br[n4 ,height1 #g 94 7,appleton ,coll41 ,bo/on ,mus4 ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! vases ( ! next1 or ,ar*aic1 gr\p v>y 9 color f a pale yell[ to a deep r$1 on :i* ! figures are pa9t$ 9 a d>k] color4 ,"o ( its lead+ features is ! pr(usion ( fl[]s4 ,! pres5ce ( human =ms1 m or less skilfully drawn1 may be tak5 z ! crit]ion by :i* to det]m9e ! lat] memb]s ( ?is gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahf4--;,bac*ic ,amphora4 ,black on ,r$ ,gr\nd4 ,height1 #ae 94 7,appleton ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,9 ! next /yle 7,fig4 #ahf7 human figures become m prom95t 9 ! designs1 & are p]fectly black1 ) ! exception ( ! fle% ( females1 :i* is pa9t$ :ite or r$4 ,_m ( ! subjects are tak5 f my?ology & ! h]oic leg5ds4 ,?is develop$ into ! 8old /yle10 :]e ! black appe>s greatly improv$2 & :ile ! h&s1 face1 & expos$ p>ts ( ! females are pure :ite1 _! eyes are r$4 ,! draw+ is /ill /iff & con/ra9$1 & :]e attempts at p]spective are made1 !y are em95tly unskilful4 ,:ite is also m pl5tifully di/ribut$1 & is se5 9 ! hair & be>d ( old m51 9 horses1 & 9 _m accessories1 = :i* r$ is also occasionally employ$4 ,z ! art develop$1 r$ figures 7 m frequ5tly introduc$ among ^? 9 black2 & we also f9d ! arti/ entirely obscur+ ! natural color ( ! pa/e by means ( a :ite slip1 or coat1 ^u :i* he pa9t$ ! black figures4 ,z we approa* ! be/ art ( ,greece ! colors are inv]t$4 ,! figures are drawn ^u ! pa/e ( ! r$ or yell[ color ( :i* !y appe>1 & ! re/ ( ! vase is pa9t$ black 7,fig4 #ahg74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahg4--;,greek ,kalpis4 ,r$ ,figures on ,black ,gr\nd4 7,appleton ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! 8f9e /yle10 ! culm9ation ( ,greek art1 0 a developm5t ( t la/ describ$4 ,! black gr\nd1 r$ figures1 & :ite ornam5ts %[ ! highe/ po9t to :i* previ\s /yles gradually l$ upw>d4 ,draw+ & composition are "h at _! be/4 ,! e>ly /iffness has giv5 place to a full] grace1 & !re is a nobility 9 ! figures & faces to :i* ! e>li] arti/s nev] atta9$4 ,! limbs lose _! unnatural di/ortion1 ! muscles are less rigid--!re is1 9 "o ^w1 m life 9 ! draw+4 ,! accessories also ga9 by ! great] fre$om ( treatm5t4 ,! drap]y hangs m gracefully1 its /raight-l9$ /iffness giv+ place to a m natural arrangem5t4 ,9 ! lat] specim5s ( ?is /yle--s m>k$ly diff]5t f ! e>li] ones t !y h be5 class$ toge!r z ! florid /yle--!re is a m m9ute att5tion to f9i%1 a great] elaboration ( dresses & o!r accessories1 & a decid$ t5d5cy t[>d f9d+ ! ideal human =m 9 t :i* is mo/ graceful4 ,gold appe>s 9 ! ornam5tation 7,fig4 #ahh71 & arabesques encircle ! necks4 ,poly*rome vases 7 made at ! same "t1 "s ( !m %[+ ! utmo/ excell5ce ( figure-draw+1 & drap]ies ( blue1 gre51 or purple4 ,:5 ! art began to decl9e1 ta/e & execution bo? det]iorat$4 ,! figures lose _! graceful proportions1 & acquire a heavi] appe>ance4 ,!y are also m cr[d$1 & ! dresses become m g>i%1 until at la/ all ref9em5t1 bo? ( conception & treatm5t1 0 lo/ 9 co>s5ess & grotesque pu]ility4 ,! amphora 7,fig4 #ahi7 illu/rates ! decad5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahh4--;,hydria4 ,black1 ) ,gilt on ,neck1 & ,r$ ,rim ) ,black ,/uds4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ahi4--;,greek ,amphora1 ) ,column> ,h&les4 ,r$ on ,black4 ,f ,canosa4 ,height1 #bj 94 7,appleton ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! classification ( vases by ! subjects repres5t$ ^u !m is unsatisfactory & confus+4 ,sc5es are tak5 f my?ology1 h]oic leg5ds1 fun]al c]emonies1 f civil life1 & f ! gymnasium1 :i* p]mit nei!r ( a *ronological arrangem5t ( ! vases nor ( "o bas$ ^u _! position 9 ! scale ( art4 ,a di/9ct gr\p might1 )\t any loss ( lucidity1 be made ( vases decorat$ ) subjects 9 relief1 or ) /atuettes arrang$ ^u ! body & neck4 ,?is 0 a union ( sculpture & pott]y occasionally embelli%$ by ! pa9t]'s art 9 ! color+ ( ! drap]y & subsidi>y ornam5ts4 ,color 0 also appli$ to sculptur$ reliefs4 ,a vase n[ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg is ?us describ$3 8,x is a piece ( v l>ge size1 ) ?ree h&les1 & ( ! f9e/ & mo/ lu/r\s glaze4 ,x is ornam5t$ at sev]al heights ) sculptur$ friezes 9 t]ra-cotta1 & gild$2 b t :i* gives x its priceless value is a frieze ( figures f f\r to five in*es high1 sculptur$ 9 bas-relief1 ) ! heads1 feet1 & h&s gild$1 & ! ve/m5ts pa9t$ 9 bright colors--blue1 r$1 & gre5--9 ! f9e/ ,greek /yle imag9able4 ,sev]al heads f :i* ! gild+ has become deta*$ %[ ! modell+1 :i* is z f9e & z f9i%$ z t ( ! f9e/ anci5t cameo40 ,cups or vases ) two heads1 "o on ea* side1 su* z ,h]cules & ,omphale1 illu/rate ! same bran* ( art4 ,su* features z ^!1 beautifully modell$ relievos1 ideal heads1 figure sc5es 9 :i* draw+ & composition are almo/ above criticism1 n less ?an its elegance ( %ape1 h made ! ,greek vase a model = all "t4 ,we c trace ,assyrian ideas 9 ! decoration ( "s ( ! e>li] vases1 & ,egyptian influ5ces may also occasionally be detect$4 ,we c ev5 f9d =eign models = a few ( ! ,greek =ms2 b ! ,hell5iz+ process has oblit]at$ e antec$5t1 & ! art :i* ,greece gave ! _w is z purely ,grecian z if 9 e p>ticul> x 7 indig5\s to ! soil ( t favor$ l&4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ib]ian ,,p59sula4 ,,spa93 ,anci5t ,pott]y4--,val5cia ! ,mo/ ,anci5t ,c5tre4--,! ,roman ,p]iod4--,arabs4--,val5cia "u ! ,moors4--,its ,decl9e4--,malaga ! ,mo/ ,anci5t ,moori% ,settlem5t4--,! ,alhambra ,vase4--,influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4--,majorca4--,azulejos4--,mo d]n ,spa94--,porcela94--,bu5 ,retiro4--,moncloa4--,alcora4--,,portuga l3 ,vi/a ,allegre4--,rato4--,caldas4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aij4--;,hispano-,moresque ,vase4 ,end ( #ac? ,c5tury4 7,s4 ,k5s+ton ,mus47 ,a m]e glance is all t is necess>y to be/[ ^u ! anci5t pott]y ( ,spa9 be=e we resume ! hi/ory ( ! ,moori% fabrications 9 t c\ntry4 ,val5cia is ! c5tre to :i* ! greate/ antiquity mu/ be accord$4 ,pl9y alludes to ,saguntum1 n[ call$ ,murvi$ro1 z hav+ twelve hundr$ pott]ies1 & ,m>tial is n /9t$ 9 8 praises ( _! "w4 ,all ! rema9s f\nd !re are ( ! ,roman p]iod1 & are class$ "u r$ ,samian w>e1 & ?ree o!r gr\ps1 ( :i* "o 0 ( a yell[i% color & ano!r ( pale t]ra-cotta4 ,f t "t we mu/ make a great leap across ! *asm betwe5 ! d[nfall ( ,roman civilization & ! fir/ ,s>ac5ic occupation ( ! ,ib]ian ,p59sula 9 ! eigh? c5tury4 ,ev5 !n !re is little to guide rese>*4 ,arabian azulejos h be5 met )1 & 9 #abci1 f\r ye>s aft] ! ,moori% k+dom ( ,granada _h be5 f\nd$1 a *>t] 0 grant$ by ,james ,i4 ( ,aragon to ! ,s>ac5 pott]s ( ,xativa 7,san ,felipe7 reliev+ !m f s]vitude on paym5t ye>ly ( "o besant = ea* kiln4 ,we h no means ( id5tify+ ! e>ly works ( ^! ,s>ac5ic workm51 & x is n until #aeag t !y are ref]r$ to 9 lit]ature z produc+ well-work$ & well-gild$ fai5ces1 m highly e/eem$ ?an any o!r ( ,spani% manufacture4 ,sev]al writ]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury praise ! ,val5cian pott]y1 b 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury x began to decl9e4 ,*ri/ian designs 7,fig4 #aia7 take ! place ( ,moresque2 & at ! pres5t day1 accord+ to ,m>ryat1 ! metallic-lu/r$ w>es ( ,manises1 ne> ,val5cia1 are made by an innkeep]1 :o ?us sp5ds ! "t ly+ heavy on 8 h&s by reason ( a lack ( gue/s 9 8 inn4 ,9 ! old5 "t ! pott]y ( ,manises 0 ex*ang$ ) ,italy = t ( ,pisa1 & 0 ord]$ by 8! ,pope1 c>d9als & pr9ces admir+ t ) simple e>? su* ?+s c be made40 ,su* is ! diff]5ce betwe5 n[ & !n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aia4--,spani% ,majolica4 ,d>k-blue & ,br[n ,pa9t+ on ,:ite4 7,j4 ,w4 ,paige ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,f ! /yle ( ! decoration x w\ld appe> t mo/ ( ! ,val5cian rema9s are to be attribut$ to ! ,*ri/ian p]iod1 i4 e41 aft] ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! g5]al color is yell[ ) "m-(-pe>l lu/re4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ,/4 ,john 7 highly v5]at$ 9 ,val5cia1 & ?is v5]ation appe>s 9 ! frequ5cy ( _! repres5tation1 ei!r actually1 or by _! emblems1 or 9 invocations & passages f ! gospel ( ! f\r? evangeli/4 ,! eagle--! emblem ( ,/4 ,john--& ! op5+ words ( 8 gospel appe> also1 h[ev]1 on w>es f ,malaga & ,majorca2 &1 fur!r1 ! yell[ lu/re 0 produc$ at ,b>celona4 ,x is1 !re=e1 evid5tly unsafe to ascribe1 aft] an exam9ation ( g5]al *>act]i/ics1 individual specim5s to a specific s\rce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aib4--,! ,alhambra ,vase4 ,( ! ,moresque pott]y x is probable t ,malaga 0 ! mo/ anci5t c5tre4 ,its gold5 pott]y is spok5 ( z an article ( export z f> back z #acej4 ,!re also we are br\ght into contact ) ! fam\s & beautiful vases ( ! ,alhambra 7,fig4 #aib74 ,! palace itself 0 built by ,mohamm$-b5-,alham>1 ! fir/ ,moori% k+ ( ,granada1 9 #abgc1 ) ! int5tion1 possibly ( rivall+ ! ri*ly decorat$ mosques ( ! ,mussulman ,arabs4 ,! ,alhambra vase is ! only survivor ( ?ree ( simil> /yle f\nd "u ! palace pavem5t4 ,! o!rs fell victims to ! ,v&alism ( mem5to or relic hunt]s4 ,! "o /ill 9 exi/5ce is sev5 feet 9 circumf]5ce & f\r feet ?ree in*es 9 height4 ,x is suppos$ to belong to ab\t ! ye> #acbj4 ,x is made ( e>!n-w>e1 & is decorat$ 9 ?ree colors4 ,! gr\nd is :ite & ! decorations are a gold5 yell[ lu/re & blue4 ,! vase is n only a ma/]piece ( ,moresque art1 b a magnific5t example ( ! decorative g5ius ( ! ,moors1 :i* sp5t itself 9 devis+ qua9t comb9ations ( l9es & 9 a weal? ( arabesque4 ,!re are _m o!r pieces :i*1 f _! metallic lu/re & blue ornam5tation1 are also cr$it$ to ,malaga1 & date f ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x is un=tunate t ?is exquisite art soon det]iorat$4 ,z we approa* ! ,*ri/ian epo* we come ^u ! works ( copyi/s devoid ( intellig5ce1 9 ^: h&s ! decoration !y /rove to foll[ loses its delicacy & mean+4 ,! ,val5cian art ) :i* we are acqua9t$ 0 ?us ris+ z t ( ,malaga 0 gradually1 s9k+ out ( sight4 ,fai5ce 0 made at ! latt] place 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,= a "t ! ,ca?olic conqu]ors "u ,f]d9& tol]at$ ! art4 ,b intol]ant zeal ass]t$ itself1 ,moori% cu/oms 7 suppress$1 & at l5g? ! ,moori% settl]s 7 driv5 into exile4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aic4--;,hispano-,moresque ,plaque 9 ,frame4 ,diamet]1 #af 94 ,copp] ,color on ,:ite3 ,metallic ,lu/re4 7,wales ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! ?ird great c5tre ( ! c]amic art 0 at ,ynca1 9 ,majorca1 ! l>ge/ ( ! ,bale>ic gr\p ( isl&s4 ,majorca 0 conqu]$ by ,james ,i41 9 #abcj1 n9e ye>s be=e he took ,val5cia2 & no ,moresque specim5 n[ kn[n c be ascrib$ to a p]iod prec$+ t date4 ,! lu/re ( ,majorca 0 v bright1 & ! ornam5tation consi/$ ma9ly ( scrolls & fl[]s4 ,! o!r isl&s ( ! gr\p1 ,m9orca & ,ivia1 7 also seats ( ! manufacture4 ,we %all aft]w>d see h[ closely ,majorca 0 connect$ by its comm]ce ) ,italy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aid4--;,e>ly ,hispano-,moresque4 7,bo/on ,h\sehold ,art ,rooms47 ,we h res]v$ ! azulejos1 or tiles 7,fig4 #aid71 ! be/ indicators ( ! progress ( ,arabian art1 = sep>ate treatm5t4 ,we f9d 9 ! tiles ( ! ,alhambra1 9 ! build+s ( ,seville & ! ,cu>to ,real ( ,granada 7,fig4 #aie71 ! products ( ! same skill :i* embelli%$ ! edifices ( ,p]sia1 ,arabia1 & ! ,maghreb4 ,!y are made ( light-color$ clay1 cov]$ ) a /annif]\s enamel1 ^u :i* are laid intricate designs 9 blue or gold5 lu/re4 ,! brilliant & dazzl+ beauty !y l5t to ! int]ior ( ! ,alhambra1 f pavem5t1 walls1 & ro(1 c n[ only be imag9$4 ,s mu* did ! ,spani>ds admire ! azulejos1 t !y 7 employ$1 n only = ! embelli%m5t ( public & royal edifices1 b = ! h\ses ( ! weal?y4 ,_! manufacture is cont9u$ 9 ,val5cia d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,f :at has be5 said1 ! *ronological sequ5ce ( ! ,hispano-,moresque pott]ies may1 9 "p1 be inf]r$4 ,! mo/ anci5t is t resembl+ ! ,alhambra vase1 decorat$ ) blue & yell[ lu/re4 ,z we come lat] d[n1 ! lu/re assumes m ( a gold5 hue1 & becomes exce$+ly brilliant1 z we f9d x at ,val5cia1 :5 ! less dazzl+ w>es ( ,malaga 7 fall+ into disfavor4 ,! ruddi] copp] lu/res are ! f>!/ remov$ f ! e>ly w>es4 ,!y excel 9 brightness1 & %[ less re/ra9t & *a/5ess ( ta/e1 & m>k ! decl9e f ^? works :i* h giv5 celebrity to ,hispano-,moresque pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aie--,moori% ,tile1 f ! ,cu>to ,real4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aif4--;,e>ly ,hispano-,moresque4 7,bo/on ,h\sehold ,art ,rooms47 ,! ,spa9 ( our day reta9s n ev5 a semblance ( its =m] greatness4 ,:at is be/ 9 its mod]n art1 su* z ! t]ra-cotta ( ,b>celona1 conta9s no tradition ( anci5t times4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 x 01 z comp>$ ) lead+ ,european c\ntries1 poorly repres5t$4 ,x may be assum$ t ,seville1 fam\s = its azulejos f ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ,val5cia1 :i* has an unwritt5 cont9u\s c]amic hi/ory f ! ,roman epo* to ! pres5t day1 w\ld n s5d _! inf]ior works to ,am]ica4 ,! =m] city 0 repres5t$ by a pyramid ( w>es %[+ great div]sity ( design & decoration4 ,a l>ge vase1 be/ describ$ z aft] ! ,alhambra type1 0 ( a yell[ lu/re1 & surr\nd$ by n>r[ gilt b&s4 ,!re 7 also a few small] pieces ( iridesc5t blue1 gre51 & gold4 ,a pair ( vases ) floral decoration on a r$ gr\nd & black base h>dly sugge/$ relation%ip ) ! works exemplify+ ! exquisite ta/e ( anci5t ,spa94 ,! ,val5cian til+ 01 z a rule1 co>se & in>ti/ic4 ,on a s]ies ( wall-pieces 7 figures ( "s ( ! apo/les1 & a l&scape1 fairly drawn1 b weak 9 color4 ,! arti/ manife/$ an un=tunate pr$ilection = a %ad+ ( br[ni% purple1 :i* enhanc$ nei!r 8 figures nor l&scapes4 ,! old /yle ( mosaic til+ 0 repres5t$ by "s specim5s compos$ ( small />-%ap$ & elongat$ hexagonal tiles4 ,!re 0 no sign ( ! pres]vation ( ev5 a tradition ( ,hispano-,moresque art4 ,we may turn to ,spani% hi/ory = an explanation ( ?is decad5ce1 & f9d 9 ! latt] an illu/ration ( its hi/ory4 ,its art 0 ess5tially =eign2 & :5 x fell entirely into ! h&s ( ! ,spani%1 on ! expulsion ( ! ,moors by ! bigotry ( ,philip ,,ii41 its doom 0 seal$4 ,we read ! hi/ory ( ! c]amic art dur+ its be/ days 9 ,spa9 z an additional *apt] to ! ,s>ac5ic & ,maghrebrian1 & z t ( a bran* :i*1 by ! accid5t ( location1 & n f its hav+ any elem5t really ,spani%1 came to be kn[n z ,hispano-,moresque4 ,we n[h]e f9d any lit]>y evid5ce t ! ,p]sians :o settl$ 9 ,spa9 ex]cis$ any practical influ5ce ^u its c]amics4 ,v likely !y did2 &1 fur!r1 x is n improbable t comm]ce may h br\ght ,spa9 into a clos] connection ) ! ,ea/ ?an is g5]ally suspect$4 ,! e>ly ,hispano-,moresque works are s cle>ly sugge/ive ( ,ea/]n influ5ce1 t "o is almo/ l$ at times to "q _! "r to ! "n conf]r$ ^u !m4 ,z if to give ! half-%ap$ d\bt a m decid$ =m1 we rememb] also t z ! art becomes m purely ,spani% x decl9es f its anci5t beauty4 ,we c only admire & criticise ! odd comb9ations ( color & =m2 & :ile indulg+ 9 conjectures z to ! imm$iate fabrication ( ! pott]y "u consid]ation1 we mu/ reg>d x z illu/rative ( ! developm5t ( an art ( ,ori5tal orig94 ,! manufacture ( artificial porcela9 9 ,spa9 0 in/itut$1 ab\t #agfj1 by ,*>les ,,iii41 :o took ) him a numb] ( workm5 & arti/s f ,naples4 ,?is acc\nts = ! simil>ity betwe5 ! ,spani% & ,neapolitan productions4 ,! works 7 situat$ 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,bu5 ,retiro at ,madrid1 & 7 kept /rictly seclud$ f visitors4 ,! w>e 0 ( f9e quality1 & 0 said by "s writ]s :o _h se5 specim5s at ! palace1 to rival t ( ,svres4 ,la ,*9a1 z ! ,royal ,manufactory 0 call$1 0 bl[n up by ,"l ,hill dur+ ! ,p59sul> ,w>1 9 #ahab4 ,a second manufactory 0 e/abli%$ at ,moncloa1 ne> ,madrid1 9 #ahbg4 ,m5tion is also made ( a factory ( natural porcela9 at ,alcora1 9 #agef1 b ! ref]5ce mu/ be accept$ ) hesitation4 ,( ! c]amics ( ,portugal v little is kn[n2 b t little is suffici5t to lead u to wi% = m exact k4 ,9 ?is matt]1 ,portugal has n yet1 9 fact1 be5 appo9t$ to any recogniz$ place 9 hi/ory4 ,h] c]amic art has n be5 kn[n to ,europeans = m ?an t5 ye>s1 & to ,am]icans = little m ?an "o2 & we h no means ( tell+ :5ce x 0 d]iv$4 ,probably x came f ,spa91 z we le>n t ! ,portuguese use azulejos z ext5sively z ! ,spani>ds4 ,we are fur!r told t _m ( _! imitations are exce$+ly clev]4 ,( ! tru? ( ?is we h _h ample evid5ce4 ,none ( ! imitation ,palissy w>e exhibit$ at ! ,c5t5nial 0 m reali/ic & full ( life ?an t ( ,portugal4 ,"s majolica vases1 ) coil$ snake h&les1 7 v cr$itable4 ,! snake evid5tly plays an important "p 9 ,portuguese c]amics1 z we met ) x else:]e1 & notably z ! h&le ( a fi%-%ap$ di%4 ,v rem>kable 7 ! unique & droll little figures ( pa9t$ pott]y1 sometimes gr\p$ into a humor\s sc5e1 sometimes s+le1 & illu/rative ( ! national co/umes4 ,! humor :i* ! ,portuguese contriv$ to infuse into _! art evid5tly l5t ! pott]y section ( _! dep>tm5t at ! ,c5t5nial its greate/ attraction2 & comb9$ z x 0 ) excell5t modell+ & colors1 ! nature ( :i* we c h>dly specify1 x excit$ our curiosity to le>n :at hi/orical backgr\nd !re may be to ! art :i* n[ *ooses su* expression4 ,a natural porcela9 factory at ,vi/a ,allegre1 ne> ,oporto1 is m5tion$1 & ! fai5ce fabrics ( ,rato & ,caldas4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,italy4 ,italian ,art4--,:5ce ,d]iv$4--,greece & ,p]sia4--,divisions4--,anci5t ,roman & ,etruscan4--,etruria & ,greece4--,que/ions ,result+ f ,discov]ies at ,vulci4--,e>ly ,connection betwe5 ,etruria & ,greece4--,etruscan ,art an ,(f%oot ( ,greek4--,examples4--,be/ ( ,black ,pa/e4--,:y ,etruscan ,art ,decl9$4--,rome4--,no?+ ,orig9al4--,its ,debt to ,etruria & ,greece4--,decl9e ( its ,art4--,unglaz$ ,pott]y & its ,divisions4--,glaz$ ,pott]y4--,samian ,w>e4--,aret9e4--,t]ra-cotta4--,aft] ,rome fell4--,! ,r5aissance4--,s>ac5ic ,influ5ces4--,crusades4--,conque/ ( ,majorca4--,t9 ,enamel & ,metallic ,lu/re4--,bac9i at ,pisa4--,lead ,glaze4--,majolica ,made at ,pes>o4--,sgraffiati4--,luca della ,robbia4--,sket* ( 8 ,life4--,8 ,alleg$ ,discov]y4--,:at he really ,accompli%$4--,:]e he ,acquir$ ! ,secret ( ,enamel4--,8 ,works4--,bas-,reliefs4--,pa9t+s on ! ,flat4--,8 ,successors4--,recapitulation ( ,beg9n+s ( ,italian ,majolica4--,*affagiolo4--,si5a4--,flor5 ce4--,pisa4--,pes>o4 --,ca/el-,durante4--,urb9o4--,gubbio & ,mae/ro ,giorgio4--,fa5za4 --,=li1 ,rim9i1 & ,rav5na4--,v5ice4--,f]r>a4--,d]uta4--,na ples4 --,%ape & ,color4--,mod]n ,italy4 ,! c]amic art ( ,italy1 beg9n+ ) ! ,roman & ,etruscan1 & com+ d[n to ! ,r5aissance 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 is ! successor ( ^? ( ,greece & ! ,ea/1 on ! "o h&1 & ( ! ,s>ac5ic & ,hispano-,moresque on ! o!r4 ,!re h be5 two que/ions "u discussion 9 ref]5ce to ! latt] p]iod1 viz41 ,:]e did ,italy acquire h] k ( ! use ( /annif]\s enamel8 &1 ,:5ce did %e draw h] skill 9 ! application ( metallic lu/re8 ,we %all f9d1 on exam9+ ! evid5ce1 t ! great works ( h] arti/ic prime 7 ! results ( a d]ivative & n ( an orig9al art4 ,!y are only orig9al 9 s f> z !y indicate a po9t 9 advance ( ,italy's pr$ecessors4 ,we h said t ,ori5tal art culm9at$ 9 ,greece4 ,italy pres5ts u ) a lat] po9t ( union betwe5 two l9es issu+ f ! ,ea/4 ,we f9d subjects & =ms recall+ at once ! ideals ( ,greece & ! ri* my?ological & leg5d>y s\rces f :i* 7 drawn ! aids to h] prolific imag9ation4 ,we also f9d t ! ,greek re/ra9t 9 ! use ( colors is ?r[n aside1 & t ,italy avail$ h]self to ! full ( ! skilful processes & me?ods ( embelli%m5t br\ght to h] %ores f ,p]sia1 & by ! ,s>ac5s & ,moors f _! settlem5ts 9 ,africa & ,spa94 ,!re are ?us two great divisions ( ,italian pott]y3 ! anci5t ,roman & ,etruscan1 & t ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,betwe5 ^! two !re is a long p]iod ( d>kness1 ext5d+ f ! la/ sm\ld]+ gl[ ( ! art ( ,italy1 aft] ,con/ant9e took ! seat ( ! imp]ial p[] to ,byzantium1 to ! entrance ( ! ,s>ac5s into ,europe4 ,9 consid]+ ! anci5t epo*1 "o p]t95t fact may be borne 9 m9d1 viz41 t ! be/ rema9s ( ! art ( ,greece h be5 f\nd beyond its own bord]s1 & t its hi/ory might be writt5 f ^? discov]$ 9 ,italy alone4 ,divid+ ,italy into ?ree sections1 we %all h ,magna ,grcia1 ,campania1 & ,etruria4 ,( ^! ! latt] has ! great] antiquity1 9 s f> z its c]amic rema9s are conc]n$4 ,greek colonies settl$ all along ! s\!rn "p ( ! p59sula & 9 ,sicily1 & su* relics z are f\nd !re may1 9 ! mean "t1 be dismiss$ z correspond+ 9 /yle ) ^? ( ! same dates produc$ 9 ,greece4 ,al?\gh ! same rule might be held 9 a less broad s5se to apply to ,etruria1 x is des]v+ ( m l5g!n$ consid]ation4 ,:51 9 #ahbe1 ! great discov]ies 7 made at ,vulci1 ! le>n$ _w 0 divid$ z to ! places to :i* ! vases %\ld be cr$it$4 ,"s ma9ta9$ t !y 7 made 9 ,greece & import$2 o!rs1 t !y 7 made 9 ,etruria by ,greek workm52 o!rs1 t !y 7 really ,etruscan2 o!rs1 t !y 7 p>tly native & p>tly import$ f ,greece2 & /ill o!rs1 t _m ( !m came f ,magna ,grcia & ,sicily4 ,to reconcile ^! suppositions1 )\t affect+ ! ea/]n orig9 ( ,etruscan art1 we are rem9d$ t ! ,pelasgi--! "n giv5 to ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,greece--f\nd$ ,agyllos1 on ! coa/ ( ,etruria4 ,buns5 places ! fir/ introduction ( art into ,etruria at ?is remote p]iod4 ,we come next to ! arrival ( ,dem>atus 9 ,t>qu9ii1 ab\t ! ye> ,b4,c4 #fee4 ,dem>atus 0 a weal?y ,cor9?ian1 ( ! family ( ! ,bac*iad4 ,on ! usurpation by ,cypselus ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,cor9?1 ,dem>atus fl$1 accompani$ by all 8 family1 &1 l&+ 9 ! above nam$ fl\ri%+ city1 m>ri$ an ,etruscan bride1 & by h] _h a son1 ,lucumon1 :o aft]w>d occupi$ ! ?rone ( ,rome "u ! "n ( ,t>qu9ius ,priscus1 ! fif? k+ ( ! ,romans & ! fir/ ( ! ,t>qu9s4 ,dem>atus 0 ei!r accompani$ or foll[$ by c]ta9 ( ! arti/s :o _h br\ght celebrity to ,cor9? = its pott]y1 & ?us ! art ( ,greece1 z x 0 at t p]iod1 might h be5 introduc$ into ,etruria4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be admitt$ t ! /ory ( ,dem>atus is n z cle> z might be wi%$1 ! au?orities diff]+ z to 8 /atus 9 ,cor9?1 & z to ,lucumon1 :o is consid]$ by "s z hav+ be5 m]ely "o ( 8 companions4 ,! ,tyrrh5o-,pelasgians 7 driv5 f ! sea-coa/ probably 9 ! six? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,we w\ld f ^! facts be l$ to expect specim5s ( c]amic art1 fir/ly1 rude & indig5\s2 secondly1 %[+ signs ( ! same ,ori5tal orig9 f :i* ,greece d]iv$ its fir/ lessons2 & ?irdly1 examples ( pure ,greek fabrication m+l$ ) ,etruscan imitations4 ,9 reg>d to su* a collection z t f\nd at ,vulci1 x may ?us be assum$ t !re is a modicum ( tru? 9 ea* ( ! suppositions above ref]r$ to4 ,!re _c1 9 any case1 be any reason = call+ 9 "q ! /atem5t t1 9 ! ma91 ,etruscan c]amic art 0 ( ,grecian bir?4 ,we are speak+ ( ! productions ( #bcjj ye>s ago4 ,etruria 0 op5 to ! little _w surr\nd+ ! ea/]n end ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,its %ips br\ght enamell$ bottles f ,egypt1 :i* its citiz5s set 9 gold & plac$ 9 _! tombs4 ,x _h m>itime connections ) ,spa91 ,phnicia1 & p]haps ) ,engl&1 & ) ! s\!rn ports ( ! ,italian p59sula1 & ^? ( ,sicily4 ,x import$ bo? pott]s & _! w>es1 & turn$ f its own anci5t /&>ds to a high]4 ,:ile ! immigrant ,greeks 7 mak+ su* w>es z !y _h made at home1 ! native ,etruscan arti/s 7 imitat+1 clumsily & awkw>dly at times1 b gradually improv+ & approa*+ _! tea*]s m ne>ly4 ,etruscan art1 ) ! exception ( ! e>li] specim5s ( rude aborig9al skill1 mu/1 !re=e1 be /udi$ z an (f%oot ( t ( ,greece4 ,! olde/ examples1 m di/9ctly indig5\s ?an any ( ! succe$+ /yles1 are ( a br[ni% color & rude %ape1 & are decorat$ ) b&s & knobs or /uds 9 relief4 ,"o peculi> %ape be>s a resemblance to a m9iature ru/ic cottage1 & belongs to ! sepul*ral class4 ,o!rs1 :i* are pa9t$1 recall ! art ( ,greece 9 its fir/ devotion to ,phnician or ,egyptian models4 ,!y may1 !re=e1 be ref]r$ to ! age :5 ! ,tyrrh5o-,pelasgians /ill held _! settlem5ts 9 ,etruria1 & are probably ! "w ( ^! settl]s & ( ! aborig9al inhabitants :o prec$$ !m4 ,:5 ! ,etruscans ov]ran ! settlem5ts ( ! ,pelasgi1 a r$ & black w>e 0 introduc$1 & soon aft]w>d we are br\ght m directly into contact ) ,grecian art by importations4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aig4--;,anci5t ,etruscan ,vase4 ,height1 #ba 94 7,j4,j4 ,dixwell ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! be/ ,etruscan works are ( black pa/e 7,fig4 #aig71 t[>d :i* ! br[n *ang$ z x improv$4 ,! ornam5ts are incis$ fl[]s1 & bas-reliefs ( animals & human faces1 execut$1 design$1 & arrang$ 9 /yles decid$ly ,ori5tal4 ,on "o f\nd at ,vulci are mon/]s l ! ,egyptian sph9x1 w+$ & woman-head$4 ,x is probable t1 ( ! two /yles ( ornam5tation1 ! incis$ is ! m anci5t1 & t ! black w>e1 z a :ole1 belongs to betwe5 ! sev5? & ?ird c5turies be=e ,*ri/4 ,! preval5ce ( ,egyptian =ms & symbols 9 connection ) ?is class1 su* z ! sc>abu & o/ri* eggs pa9t$ ) /range w+$ mon/]s1 gives additional probability to our e/imate ( _! age1 & %[s h[ f> ,etruria avail$ h]self ( ! act ( ,psammeti*us ,i4 ( ,egypt1 :o1 ,b4,c4 #fed1 ?rew op5 ! ports ( t c\ntry to =eign trad]s4 ,contemporane\s ) ^! are l>ge vases ( r$ w>e correspond+ ) ! ,greek pi?oi4 ,! decoration displays a k ( ! art ( ,egypt & ! ,ea/1 m+l$ ) examples ( t ( ,greece4 ,! yell[ w>e is alli$ to ! ,doric2 & specim5s ( a /ill pal] color1 ornam5t$ ) ,grecian subjects1 modifi$ & adapt$ to ,etruscan ideas1 m>k ! close ( ! art4 ,x at no "t atta9$ to any v great excell5ce1 & decl9$ e>ly4 ,bo? ( ^! facts are easily expla9$4 ,9 ! wond]ful collection ( ,signor ,ales&ro ,ca/ellani are _m beautiful specim5s ( ,etruscan bronze1 c>v$ gems1 & "w 9 gold4 ,^! are ascrib$ to ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era2 & x is only natural to suppose t ! delicate skill acquir$ 9 ! manipulation ( su* mat]ials %\ld h giv5 rise to a di/a/e = ! humbl] ?\gh m ob$i5t clay4 ,_m ( ! vases sugge/ ! transition f pott]y to bronze 9 ! evid5ce :i* _! decoration gives ( hav+ be5 imitat$ f metal4 ,:5 we turn to ,rome1 little inve/igation is requir$ to satisfy u t !re is no su* ?+ z an indep5d5t ,roman c]amic art4 ,:atev] ,rome possess$ 0 acquir$ f )\t1 n develop$ f )94 ,"o c\ld expect no arti/ic s5se to manife/ itself among ! horde ( refugees1 outca/s1 & crim9als :o surr\nd$ ,romulus 9 8 little ca/le on ! ,palat9e hill4 ,8 successor1 ,numa ,pompilius1 9 aim+ a bl[ at idolatry1 may h also ret>d$ ! gr[? ( art4 ,he =bade ! use ( images1 & = "o hundr$ & sixty ye>s aft] 8 dea? no /atue appe>$ 9 ! temples ( ,rome4 ,?is br+s u d[n to ! ,etruscan mon>*1 ,t>qu9ius ,priscus1 :o plac$ 9 ! ,roman capitol a t]ra-cotta /atue ( ,jupit]1 by an ,etruscan arti/4 ,:atev] ! ,romans requir$ !y obta9$ f ,etruria1 until !y f\nd a new s\rce ( supply 9 ,magna ,grcia4 ,t !y made v sl[ progress 9 ! arts may be inf]r$ f "o incid5t :i* happ5$ ne>ly five hundr$ ye>s aft] ,numa _h issu$ 8 ord] aga9/ idolatry4 ,:ile ! second ,punic w> 0 rag+1 ! ,roman consul1 ,m>cellus1 besieg$ ,syracuse1 a ,cor9?ian city 9 ,sicily1 &1 aft] tak+ x1 s5t its pa9t+s & /atues to ,rome1 9 ord] t 8 c\ntrym5 might le>n f ! art ( ,greece1 & acquire a ta/e = su* works4 ,syracuse fell ,b4,c4 #bab1 & elev5 ye>s aft]w>d ! w> 0 br\ght to an end4 ,x 0 by ?us acqua9t+ !mselves ) ! beauty ( ,grecian art t ! ,romans began to display a desire = ! arti/ic embelli%m5t ( _! homes & capital4 ,:5 _! arms 7 direct$ aga9/ ,greece1 & ,a!ns fell "u _! assaults1 9 ! fir/ c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 ,greek arti/s flock$ to ,rome1 & = a "t made x ! work%op 9 :i* !y labor$ & ! s*ool 9 :i* !y taught4 ,b ) ! sun itself its rays ( gold5 light mu/ disappe>1 ?\gh = a "t !y gild ! e>? & cl\ds ) _! dep>t+ glory4 ,greece 0 enslav$4 ,h] anci5t _s 0 cru%$4 ,%e _h taught ! _w ! lesson intru/$ to h]1 & ) political indep5d5ce sank art & lit]ature1 ?\gh n )\t leav+ imp]i%able monum5ts beh9d4 ,z ! tree )]$1 s did ! bran*es2 & ! expatriat$ ,greeks 9 ,rome & ! long-subdu$ colonies ( ,magna ,grcia1 d]iv+ no long] any w>m? f ! c5tre f :i* !y came1 7 quickly lo/ to sight4 ,!re also1 z 9 ,etruria1 ri*ness took ! place ( beauty4 ,gold1 silv]1 & gems 7 m to ! luxuri\s ,romans ( ! empire ?an c]amic art1 & t :i* _h embelli%$ ! palaces ( k+s 0 left to ! gods & ! poor4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aih4--,roman ,t]ra-cotta ,lamps4 ,! diff]5t k9ds ( unglaz$ ,roman w>e may be divid$1 accord+ to ! color ( _! pa/es1 into yell[i% :ite1 r$1 gray1 & black4 ,! yell[ pa/e 0 ! co>se/1 & 0 us$ = l>ge pieces1 su* z ! dolia & amphor4 ,! small] pieces ( ?is color are ( a bett] quality4 ,_m ( ! h\sehold vessels 7 ( r$ w>e1 su* z plates1 bottles1 & j>s4 ,"s ( x1 z1 = example1 ! false ,samian1 0 dipp$ 9 a slip4 ,! gray class comprises amphor1 & flat cook+-pans1 & includes "s specim5s :i* h all ! *>act]i/ics ( mod]n /one-w>e4 ,! black pa/e 0 l>gely employ$ 9 mak+ di%es & o!r table ut5sils1 su* z cups & c&le-/icks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aii4--,roman ,b[l ( ,samian ,w>e4 ,! lead+ k9ds ( glaz$ pott]y 7 ! ,aret9e & r$ ,samian w>es4 ,! latt] ( ^! is ! m celebrat$ 7,fig4 #aii74 ,its prototype is to be f\nd 9 ! r$ w>e ( ! ,greek isl&s4 ,! pa/e is close & f9e1 & ! glaze is cle> & v ?94 ,! simil>ity 9 texture ( all ! specim5s po9ts to ! conclusion t !y 7 made 9 "o place4 ,! ,samian w>e has1 l ! legion>y tiles1 be5 f\nd :]ev] ! arms ( ,rome 7 c>ri$4 ,l ! unglaz$ r$ pott]y1 x 0 ext5sively us$ = table s]vices1 & may broadly be said to h be5 ! *ief dome/ic w>e ( ! ,romans4 ,! ornam5tation consi/s ( m\ld+s 9 relief1 incis$ r+s1 & intaglio patt]ns4 ,! ,aret9e w>e is also r$1 & is v l ! ,samian 9 _m respects1 b ( a light] %ade1 & m f9ely decorat$1 *iefly 9 relief4 ,!re are also two k9ds ( black ,roman w>e1 "o ( d>k pa/e1 ! o!r ( r$ pa/e color$ black4 ,! ornam5tation ( ! fir/ is g5]ally v simple1 :ile t ( ! latt]1 9 "s cases1 resembles ! m\ld+s on r$ w>e4 ,l ! ,samian1 x is f\nd ov] ! great] "p ( ,europe4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ bran*es ( ,roman c]amics--! v>i\s uses ( t]ra-cotta1 we pass ) a brief ref]5ce4 ,! olde/ /atues are t]ra-cotta1 & ( ! same mat]ial are wat] sp\ts1 w9d[ frames1 friezes1 capitals1 & pill>s4 ,t]ra-cotta /atues 7 made f ! e>ly days1 :5 ,etruria 0 ! c5tre f :i* ,rome suppli$ itself1 d[n to ! ,empire1 al?\gh 9 ! int]im ! conque/ ( ,magna ,grcia & ,greece _h r5d]$ ! beautiful ,greek m>bles & bronzes accessible to ! ,romans4 ,! ar*itectural bas-reliefs 7 highly e/eem$ by ! ,romans !mselves1 & %[ t ! ,greeks1 bo? at home & resid+ 9 ,italy1 appli$ !mselves to ?is p>ticul> bran* ( art ) devotion & success4 ,! subjects are g5]ally ,greek1 & are tak5 f bo? my?ology & hi/ory4 ,! gods ( bo? great] & less] ord]s appe> "u _m ( ! *>act]s ascrib$ to !m1 & ! adv5tures ( ,ulysses & ,a*illes1 ! feats ( ,!seus1 & ! labors ( ,h]cules1 are a nev]-fail+ treasury ( effective subjects4 ,! result ( all our inquiries may be summ$ up 9 ?is contradiction1 t ,roman c]amic art des]v+ ( ! "n is ,greek1 & t ! pott]s :o 7 ,roman h left little beyond h\sehold w>es to atte/ _! skill4 ,) ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire ! art1 :i* _h long be5 decl9+1 disappe>$ f view4 ,pott]y mu/1 no d\bt1 h be5 produc$4 ,! h\sehold necessities ( ! p mu/ h be5 satisfi$1 ev5 amid/ int]nal disruption & b>b>ian invasions2 b !re is no evid5ce t any?+ wor?y ( be+ call$ an art 0 kept alive4 ,! revival ( ! c]amic art ( ,italy mu/ be dat$ f ! "t ( ,luca della ,robbia1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,to acc\nt = ! =ms x took1 an endeavor mu/ be made to jo9 x on to ! diff]5t bran*es :i* prec$$ x else:]e4 ,! only dang] to be incurr$ is t ( be+ confus$ by ! multiplicity & yet sub/antial unity ( its s\rces4 ,)\t repeat+ :at has be5 said 9 ! *apt] devot$ to ! f\nta9s ( ,european art1 let x be rememb]$ t1 9 ! ye> #hbg1 ! ,s>ac5s conqu]$ ,sicily1 & t !y introduc$ into t isl& a manufacture simil> to t f\nd 9 ,spa94 ,!y embelli%$ ! mosque ( ,pal]mo ) tiles l ^? ( ! ,alhambra1 & ^! tiles 7 aft]w>d imitat$ 9 works produc$ 9 ,sicily itself4 ,aft]w>d1 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,moori% works 7 e/abli%$ at ,calata ,girone1 or ,caltagirone1 9 ,sicily1 & "s pieces attribut$ to !m are decorat$ ) copp] lu/re ^u /annif]\s enamel4 ,to ?is p]iod belong ! ,siculo-,moresque vases 9 ! ,ca/ellani collection1 :i* date f ! f\rte5? c5tury d[nw>d 7,fig4 #bja74 ,x is obs]vable t ! metallic lu/re does n appe> 9 ! e>li] pieces1 :i* h an unmi/akably ,p]sian /yle ( decoration4 ,"o specim5 w suffice1 viz41 an oval vase cov]$ ) a silici\s glaze1 & decorat$ 9 blue & black1 ) gazelles & inscriptions4 ,mean:ile ,v5ice & o!r m>itime cities on bo? sides ( ! ,italian p59sula 7 develop+ an ext5sive trade ) ! ,ea/4 ,! ,crusad]s _h be5 conv]t+ ! old battle-gr\nd ( ! ,jews into ! sc5e ( ano!r /rife1 9 :i* ,judaism 0 ignor$4 ,mohamm$ prea*$ ! gospel ( ! sword1 & ! ,*ri/ians took up ! gauntlet ?r[n d[n by ! ,s>ac5s4 ,is x n possible t by ^! two c\rses--trade1 & ! movem5ts ( foll[]s ( ! ,cross--"s inkl+s ( ,p]sian art may h crept into ,italy8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjj4--,siculo-,moresque ,vase4 ,! crusad+ _s ( ! twelf? c5tury 0 a mo/ pot5t ag5cy4 ,9 #aaac ! ,pisans 7 r\s$ to a s5se ( ! wrongs suff]$ by ,*ri/ians f ! piratical ,s>ac5s ( ,majorca4 ,!y set sail1 & 9 #aaae ! isl& 0 9 _! p[]2 & _! galleys return$ home freight$ ) ! spoils ( w>4 ,an ext5sive trade betwe5 ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s & ,italy 0 ma9ta9$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,look+ at ^! facts1 does x appe> improbable t ,moori% w>es & ,moori% pott]s may h rea*$ ,italy f ,majorca8 ,com+ /ill lat]1 we f9d ,moori% refugees f ,spa9 flock+ t[>d ,italy 9 va/ numb]s4 ,leav+ ! ,s>ac5s & ,moors entirely out ( ! "q1 ! art ( enamell+ might h rea*$ ,italy f ! ,byzant9e ,greeks4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bja4--,siculo-,moresque ,vases4 7,ca/ellani ,coll47 ,) all ^! facts be=e u1 ! bac9i1 or plates f\nd incru/$ 9 ! walls ( ! old *ur*es ( ,pisa1 ne$ give u little tr\ble4 ,mr4 ,=tnum f\nd "o ,p]sian piece4 ,mr4 ,m>ryat ?9ks !m ( ,moori% orig94 ,mr4 ,=tnum is ( ! fur!r op9ion t _m ( ! bac9i1 bo? ( ,pisa & o!r ,italian cities1 are ( native ,italian manufacture4 ,ea* specim5 mu/ be judg$ sep>ately1 & x may be po9t$ out t ) ! highway ( ! sea op5 to ! ,ea/ & to ! ,s>ac5ic settlem5ts 9 ,africa & ,spa91 ) ,s>ac5s already settl$ 9 ,sicily1 & ) ! kn[n e>ly connection by comm]ce betwe5 ,italy & ,spa91 x is difficult to specify ! r\te by :i* any special w>e or process mu/ h rea*$ ,italy4 ,we %all aft]w>d see t 9 ,g]many t9 enamel 0 kn[n 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,if x %\ld be ask$1 ,h[ did x get !re8 ! "q w\ld illu/rate a good deal ( idle speculation indulg$ 9 reg>d+ its introduction into ,italy4 ,! same rule w apply to ! metallic lu/re4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjb4--,sgraffiato ( ! #ae? ,c5tury4 ,! ,italians us$ lead glaze on _! pott]y f a v e>ly p]iod4 ,accord+ to ,pass]i1 mezza-majolica cov]$ ) m>zacotto 0 made at ,pes>o z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,sgraffiato w>e 0 made 9 a simil> mann]1 & d]iv$ its "n f ! incis$ ornam5ts :i* 7 cut into ! :ite engobe or slip 7) :i* ! w>e 0 cov]$71 s z to %[ ! orig9al color bel[ ! slip4 ,9 ! example "h giv5 7,fig4 #bjb7 ! incis$ decoration is comb9$ ) figures & fl[]s 9 relief4 ,b ! brilliant importations f ,spa9 made a deep impression ^u ! public ta/e4 ,! w>es ( ,majorca 7 ^? be/ & mo/ g5]ally kn[n1 & its "n1 z *ang$ to majolica1 _h be5 giv5 to ! entire class ( lu/r$ w>es1 al?\gh ! art ( lu/r+ 0 already kn[n 9 ,italy4 ,x is well to discrim9ate betwe5 ! "n & ! article4 ,x is q possible t ! "n ( ! be/ kn[n type %\ld come to be appli$ to ! entire class4 ,jacquem>t f9ds ! e>ly w>es ( ,pes>o v sugge/ive ( ,p]sian influ5ce4 ,he concludes1 also1 t ! art ( apply+ ! metallic lu/re may h be5 communicat$ by ,p]sian pott]s1 or by o!rs :o _h le>n$ x f !m1 to ! ea/]n pott]ies ( ,italy4 ,we may conclude t1 z ! ,majorca w>e surpass$ t ( ! e>ly ,italian pott]ies1 ! pott]s ( ,italy endeavor$ to d]ive :at b5efit !y c\ld f call+ _! own productions by ! same "n4 ,metallic lu/res 7 us$ be=e /annif]\s enamel 0 adopt$4 ,! inv5tion ( ! latt] 9 ,italy has be5 g5]ally ascrib$ to ,luca della ,robbia1 b !re is e reason = believ+ t ?is is incorrect4 ,x is impossible to suppose t ! ,s>ac5 & ,moori% pott]s 9 ,italy 7 unacqua9t$ ) x4 ,x is mu* m likely t1 be+ satisfi$ ) ! results ( ! processes to :i* !y 7 accu/om$1 & ! beauty ( lead glaze1 !y did n c>e to use x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjc4--,luca della ,robbia4 ,to tell :at ,robbia did accompli% we mu/ glance at 8 p]sonal hi/ory4 ,luca della ,robbia 7,fig4 #bjc7 0 born at ,flor5ce 9 ! ye> #acii or #adjj4 ,at fir/ he turn$ 8 att5tion to ! bus9ess ( a goldsmi?1 b aft]w>d aspir$ to sculpture4 ,ab\t #adch 8 m>ble bas-relief ( 8,! ,s++ ,boys0 0 plac$ 9 ! ,duomo ( ,flor5ce1 & 0 s great a success t ord]s quickly multipli$4 ,he _h also done "s "w 9 bronze1 b nei!r *isell+ nor ca/+ 0 suffici5tly spe$y4 ,/atues mu/ be copi$ f a clay model4 ,! model 0 8 own2 ! copy 01 9 ! g5]al case1 ! "w ( an assi/ant2 & probably1 ev5 if he *isell$ ! m>ble himself1 he c\ld n reproduce ! effects s easily rea*$ 9 ! pla/ic clay4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjd4--;,holy ,family4 ,m$allion by ,luca della ,robbia4 7,htel ,cluny1 ,p>is7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bje4--,luca della ,robbia4 ,infant ,savi\r & ,virg94 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,luca 0 an ent]pris+ arti/1 & x occurr$ to him t if he c\ld only disp5se ) ! *isell+ & ca/+1 8 art & pr(it w\ld bo? improve4 ,b h[ c\ld he make ! clay z h>d z bronze & z :ite z m>ble8 ,rememb] t ,luca 0 a sculptor1 n a pott]4 ,:atev] he did aft]w>d1 !re c be no d\bt t 8 att5tion 0 fir/ turn$ to /atu>y4 ,he probably decid$ ^u apply+ to ! m5 :o 7 accu/om$ to work+ 9 clay1 to color+ x & glaz+ x1 to help him 9 8 difficulty4 ,he inquir$1 & le>n$ t by dipp+ 8 /atu>y 9 t9 enamel & fir+ x1 8 object w\ld be accompli%$4 ,^! consid]ations give 8 suppos$ discov]y a new aspect4 ,if we consid] t = c5turies /annif]\s enamel _h be5 9 use by ,ea/]n pott]s1 & t ! ,s>ac5s 7 p]fectly famili> ) x1 ! secret is dive/$ ( all my/]y4 ,luca probably acquir$ 8 k 9 "o or o!r ( ! ,italian pott]ies4 ,:at1 !n1 are we to cr$it to him8 ,he mu/ be admitt$ to h improv$ ! enamel aft] a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 & to h succe$$ 9 br++ x to ! degree ( f95ess & opacity dem&$ by 8 purpose 7,fig4 #bjd74 ,8 fir/ "w 0 a bas-relief ( ! ,resurrection1 made ab\t ! ye> #addj1 & /ill /&+ 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,flor5ce4 ,?is piece is ( blue & :ite1 ! latt] = ! figures1 ! =m] = ! gr\nd4 ,he aft]w>d introduc$ gre5 & yell[1 b ^! colors are v sp>+ly us$4 ,8 be/ works are 9 & ar\nd ,flor5ce4 ,( a ,madonna 9 ! circle above a *apel door1 ,rusk91 9 8 8,morn+s 9 ,flor5ce10 says3 8,nev] pass ne> ! m>ket )\t look+ at x2 & glance f ! vegetables und]nea? to ,luca's leaves & lilies1 t y may see h[ hone/ly he 0 try+ to make 8 clay l ! g>d5 /uff40 ,! same colors are introduc$ 9 a bas-relief 9 ! ,ca/ellani collection1 9 :i* ! ,madonna kneels be=e ! ,infant ,savi\r1 & angels look d[n f above4 ,! figures are :ite1 ! gr\nd blue1 & gre5 is introduc$ 9 ! grass4 ,( ! same class is ! prec$+ example 7,fig4 #bje7 f ,bo/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjf4--,m$allion by ,luca della ,robbia4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjg4--;,&rea della ,robbia4 ,holy ,family4 7,bo/on ,mus4 ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,:ile produc+ ^! works 9 enamell$ e>!n-w>e1 ,robbia also pa9t$ on ! flat4 ,( ?is "w !re are twelve circul> m$allions 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & sev]al specim5s 9 ,flor5ce--a tondo1 "s tiles1 & a lunette4 ,! m$allions are enamell$1 & ! pa9t+s are allegorical repres5tations ( ! mon?s 7,fig4 #bjf74 ,vas>i says 9 reg>d to ! tiles3 8,= ! bi%op ( ,fiesole1 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,brancazio1 he also made a m>ble tomb1 on :i* are ! recumb5t effigy ( ! bi%op & ?ree o!r half-l5g? figures besides2 & on ! pila/]s ( t "w he pa9t$1 on ! flat1 c]ta9 fe/oons & clu/]s ( fruit & foliage s skilfully & naturally1 t 7 !y ev5 pa9t$ 9 oil on panel1 !y c\ld n be m beautifully or =cibly r5d]$40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bjh4--,mod]n ,imitation ,robbia ,w>e4 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bji4--,s4 ,seba/ian1 by ,giorgio4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,luca di$ 9 #adha1 leav+ ! full k ( ! process he _h p]fect$ to 8 nephew ,&rea1 :o1 h[ev]1 0 less successful ?an 8 uncle4 ,8 art is less pure 7,fig4 #bjg74 ,he becomes elaborate :]e ,luca 0 simple1 especially 9 8 heavy bord]s ( fruit4 ,&rea 0 born 9 #adeg1 & di$ 9 #aebh1 & left ! transmissible "p ( 8 art to 8 f\r sons1 ,giovanni1 ,luca1 ,ambrosio1 & ,girolamo4 ,( ^!1 ,girolamo became a monk1 & "o specim5 ( 8 "w is said to be at ,si5a4 ,giovanni's works are sign$1 & _c1 !re=e1 lead to any confusion4 ,luca1 junior1 settl$ 9 ,rome1 & ,girolamo w5t to ,france1 :]e he execut$ sev]al works4 ,luca1 ! eld]1 _h also two assi/ants1 ,ago/9o & ,ottaviano1 ! =m] ( :om display$ great tal5t1 & work$ 9 ,p]ugia4 ,! special art 0 c>ri$ to ,spa9 by ,nicoloso ,francesco1 ( ,pisa1 :o made "s bas-reliefs = a *ur* 9 ,seville4 ,( ! o!r successors ( ,luca we ne$ only ref] to ,mae/ro ,giorgio ,&reoli1 ( ,gubbio1 :o is said to h produc$ "s pieces aft] ! ,della ,robbia type 7,fig4 #bji74 ,! /yle f9ally pass$ away 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! dem& = x appe>s to h fail$ ab\t t "t4 ,/annif]\s enamel cont9u$ to be us$ "h & !re aft] ,luca's dea?1 & aft] ! lapse ( "s ye>s came gradually into g5]al use4 ,! olde/ piece n ( 8 /yle is dat$ #adge4 ,= ! sake ( lucidity x may also be "h m5tion$1 t ! metallic lu/re1 = :i* ! fir/ pressure ( public dem& 0 felt t[>d ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 pass$ into oblivion 9 less ?an a hundr$ ye>s1 until reviv$ 9 m mod]n times4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baj4--;,*affagiolo ,pit*]4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,besides t ( p]fect+ a special process1 to ,luca della ,robbia mu/ be assign$ ! cr$it ( pav+ ! way to ! revival :i* culm9at$ 9 ! products ( ,gubbio4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 mezza-majolica & majolica mu/ n be =gott51 viz41 t ! =m] "n 0 orig9ally appli$ to w>es cov]$ ) a :ite slip1 !n pa9t$1 lead-glaz$1 & lu/r$1 & ! latt] to t9-enamell$ w>e simil>ly lu/r$4 ,! latt] 0 ?us ! highe/ repres5tative ( ! comb9ation ( two processes1 bo? ( ,ori5tal orig94 ,! application ( metallic lu/re 0 ,p]sian4 ,/annif]\s enamel 0 successively ,egyptian1 ,babylonian1 & ,s>ac5ic--! ,s>ac5s und\bt$ly acquir+ a k ( x 9 ,p]sia1 :]e ! beautiful silici\s glaze kept x 9 subord9ation4 ,! ,moors 9 ,spa9 br\ght x m freely into use 9 decoration1 & ) ,luca della ,robbia1 :o p]fect$ ! process /ill f>!r1 rais$ x f ! desuetude into :i* x _h fall5 9 ,italy1 :]e1 h[ev]1 x 0 already kn[n to ,s>ac5ic settl]s & _! pupils4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baa4--,si5a ,vase4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,) ?is recapitulation ( ! beg9n+s ( real ,italian majolica1 we may n[ cont9ue our hi/ory4 ,! impetus ,italian c]amic art receiv$ f =eign contact1 & f ! k acquir$ by trade1 0 kept up by ! wisdom & devotion to ! cause ( art manife/$ by sev]al ( ! ducal h\ses4 ,f ,pes>o1 "u ! h\se ( ,s=za1 f ,urb9o1 "u t ( ,montefeltro1 & f ,flor5ce & ,*affagiolo1 "u ! ,m$icis1 & f o!r c5tres1 ! art spread ov] all ,italy4 ,x is1 !re=e1 by inquiries at ^! places t our inve/igations mu/ be cont9u$4 ,leav+ out ( view ! que/ions z to ! priority ( ,*affagiolo to ,fa5za & ,pes>o's prec$5ce 9 metallic lu/r+1 we may beg9 ) ,tuscany4 ,! lead+ ,tuscan t[ns 7 ,*affagiolo1 ,flor5ce1 ,si5a1 & ,pisa4 ,! fir/ ( ^! produc$ ! e>lie/ ,tuscan majolica4 ,its lead+ features are a ?ick d>k blue1 made f cobalt2 a bright orange & yell[2 a f9e cle> gre51 r$1 br[n1 & purple4 ,be=e ! arti/s ( ,*affagiolo _h awak5$ to ! _s ( ! ,r5aissance1 !y issu$ "s works enamell$ on "o side1 ) c5tral designs ( a ,go?ic "*1 & bord]s ( orange1 :ite1 & blue4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury a m>k$ improvem5t 0 made1 b x 0 n until ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury t ! be/ ,*affagiolo w>e 0 made4 ,_! colors !n become m brilliant1 & are m d>+ly h&l$4 ,"s ( ^! pieces are dat$ #aejg & #aeji4 ,metallic lu/res 7 us$ ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,lat]1 ! brilliancy ( ! enamels is ton$ d[n1 & ! execution ( ! designs is m c>eful & ref9$4 ,*affagiolo cont9u$ to make majolica to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! pieces frequ5tly %[ h]aldic designs 7,fig4 #baj7 & mottoes1 ! lett]s ,s4 ,p4 ,q4 ,f4 7! s5ate & p ( ,flor5ce71 & ! lett]s ,p4 ,s4 sometimes ) ,i4 & sometimes )\t4 ,! works made at ,si5a 7,fig4 #baa7 are 9 _m cases undi/+ui%able f ^? ( ,*affagiolo4 ,an arti/ nam$ ,b5$etto produc$ at ,si5a "s v f9e pieces4 ,! majolica ( ,flor5ce1 if su* 7 ev] made1 is n[ unkn[n4 ,laz>i /ates t an arti/ 0 br\ght by ! ,gr& ,duke ,francesco ,m>ia to decorate ,flor5t9e vases2 b assum+ ! tru? ( ! /atem5t1 8 works are n[ ei!r de/roy$ or lo/ among ^? ascrib$ to o!r places4 ,we h already le>n$ some?+ ( ,pisa z fitt+ out a ,bale>ic crusade & ex*ang+ pott]y ) ,spa94 ,probably ! w>es x export$ came f o!r p>ts ( ,tuscany1 al?\gh x _h a majolica manufactory ( its own4 ,! ,pisan decoration closely resembles t ( ,urb9o4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bab--,! ,s=za ,di%4 ,pes>o4 ,9 ! ,du*y ( ,urb9o1 ,pes>o1 ,ca/el-,durante1 ,urb9o1 & ,gubbio are ! lead+ c5tres1 & absorb a l>ge %>e ( ! int]e/ surr\nd+ ! pott]y ( ,italy4 ,:5 ! ,s=za family acquir$ ! lord%ip ( ,pes>o1 !y in/itut$ pott]y works !re1 & 9 #adhf & #aejh pass$ edicts aga9/ ! importation ( e>!n-w>e into ,pes>o4 ,! fir/ ( ^! protective measures 0 grant$ by ,giovanni ,s=za & ,camilla1 8 fa!r's wid[1 & 0 commemorat$ by a di% call$ ! ,s=za di%1 a v wond]ful specim5 ( majolica 7,fig4 #bab74 ,! c5tre is occupi$ by portraits ( ! grant]s ( ! edict1 %ad$ ) blue on an indigo gr\nd1 & hav+ gold & ruby lu/r$ hair1 dresses1 & head-dresses4 ,a scroll repres5t+ ! edict =ms a :ite back-gr\nd to ! faces1 & is f9i%$ ) ruby lu/re4 ,! bord]s are blue1 ) ruby & gold lu/re4 ,"u ! h\se ( ,s=za ! manufacture ( mezza-majolica improv$1 & 9 #aejj f9e1 or t9-enamell$1 majolica 0 introduc$4 ,up to #aecj x /eadily improv$1 & 9 t ye> ! wife ( ! reign+ ,duke ( ,urb9o1 :o _h succe$$ ! ,s=za lords ( ,pes>o1 erect$ a palace ne> ,pes>o4 ,f #aedj to #aefh1 "u ,duke ,guidobaldo ,,ii41 ! art cont9u$ to rise1 until x rea*$ its highe/ po9t ( p]fection4 ,! duke fir/ employ$ ,batti/o ,franco1 an em95t ,v5etian arti/1 & ,raffaelle del ,borgo4 ,girolamo ,lanfranco & ,giacomo ,lanfranco 7 also employ$ z arti/s at ,pes>o4 ,aft] #aefj ! art began to decl9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bac--,pes>o ,vase4 7,john ,taylor ,john/on ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metrop4 ,museum47 ,! e>lie/ ,pes>ese works v closely resemble ! ,p]sian1 & are ! be/ indications to be f\nd ( ! pres5ce ( an art br\ght directly f ,iran to ,italy4 ,^! are lu/r$ & pa9t$ 9 gre5 & blue4 ,at ,pes>o we fir/ meet ) pieces %[+ ! portraits & love mottoes by :i* ! lov]s ( ! day celebrat$ ! beauty ( _! mi/resses & gave la/+ tok5s ( _! passion4 ,if we seek peculi> features 9 ?is majolica1 we %all f9d !m 9 ! /rong execution & f9ely bl5d$ t9ts ( ! e>ly pieces1 & 9 ! yell[ ( ! madrep]la lu/re comb9$ ) blue4 ,z ! art rose "u ! second ,guidobaldo1 hi/orical sc5es aft] ! great ma/]s pres5t !mselves1 tak5 f bo? pr(ane & sacr$ hi/ory--! brave ,horatius def5d+ ! bridge at ,rome aga9/ ! army ( ,l>s ,pors5na1 ,samson1 ,br5nus1 ,mutius ,scvola1 ,judi?1 & o!r *>act]s4 ,9 #aefg ! ,giacomo ,lanfranco already m5tion$ appli$ real gold to majolica1 & sev]al ( 8 pieces ?us decorat$ are /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,ca/el-,durante appe>s to h produc$ fai5ce z e>ly z #acfa1 b none ( its pott]y c be recogniz$ until we come d[n to #aejh1 aft] :i* ! specim5s multiply4 ,) ! ye> #aehj ! art pass$ its m]idian1 & decl9$ /eadily = ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s4 ,! *>act]i/ic decoration consi/s ( scrolls ) fanta/ic *im]ical t]m9ations4 ,! colors are at fir/ a dull gre5 ^u blue1 & ab\t #aeej lu/r\s ri* yell[s appe>1 & l$ to ! decl9e ?irty ye>s lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bad4--;,ca/el-,durante ,portrait ,plaque4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bae4--;,ca/el-,durante ,di%4 7,ca/ellani ,coll47 ,! city ( ,urb9o 0 ! great c5tre at once ( majolica pa9t+ & ( ! ducal patronage1 :i* gave ! entire du*y its pre-em95ce4 ,f #adgg1 :5 ,g>ducci 0 work+ 9 a comp>atively humble way1 d[n to #aecj1 ! hi/ory ( ,urb9o h>dly dem&s notice4 ,its highe/ glory came ) ,francesco ,xanto 7,fig4 #baf71 ^: broad & g5]ally true draw+ & ma/]ly composition m>k him z "o ( ! great arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,8 subjects are tak5 f ! ,lat9 classical & ! lat] ,italian poets1 & f ,raffaelle4 ,liv+ at ! "t :5 ! dem& = metallic lu/re 0 at its height1 he applies x ) a boldness & effectiv5ess 9 h>mony ) 8 brilliant color+4 ,all 8 works are sign$4 ,f him we turn to ! equally illu/ri\s ,fontana family--,guido1 ,camillo1 & ,orazio1 ! latt] ( :om is specially des]v+ ( /udy4 ,he atta9$ to a high] me*anical excell5ce ?an any ( 8 pr$ecessors1 8 be/ works dat+ f aft] #aedj1 :5 ,xanto's c>e] 0 clos+2 & 8 pa9t+s are 9 consequ5ce *>act]iz$ by a s(tness ( color & a f95ess ( glaze :i* leave him )\t a pe]4 ,few pieces by ! ,fontana family are sign$4 ,_! mo/ fam\s works are ! vases = ! ,spezi]ia1 ord]$ by ! ,duke ,guidobaldo ,,ii41 & pa9t$ f designs by ,raffaelle ,batti/a ,franco1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,giulio ,romano1 & o!rs4 ,nicola da ,urb9o & ,francesco ,durant9o are among ! o!r arti/s :o contribut$ to ! fame ( ,urb9o4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #baf4--,urb9o ,plate1 by ,xanto4 ,sc5e1 ! ,/orm+ ( ,goleta4 7,m>ryat ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bag4--,urb9o ,vase4 ,figure ( ,ju/ice ) ,sword4 7,ca/ellani ,coll47 ,! lu/res ( ,gubbio 7,fig4 #bai7 are insep>ably associat$ ) ! "o great "n ( ,giorgio ,&reoli1 or1 z he is usually call$1 ,mae/ro ,giorgio4 ,he 0 a native ( ,pavia1 & 0 orig9ally a sculptor2 & aft] he w5t to ,gubbio1 9 #adih1 execut$ "s works 9 ! ,della ,robbia /yle 7,fig4 #bji74 ,a piece dat$ #adhi1 & sign$ 8,don ,giorgio10 is ascrib$ to him :ile he 0 /ill at ,pavia1 b ! fir/ piece *>act]i/ic ( ! ma/]1 sign$ & lu/r$1 is dat$ #aeai1 & ! la/ #aeda4 ,we h said t ,xanto ( ,urb9o lu/r$ 8 own pieces1 b ! matt] is n free f d\bt4 ,mae/ro ,giorgio c]ta9ly 0 ma/] ( ! art ( lu/r+1 & ! brilliancy ( 8 ruby r$s1 copp]1 & "m-(-pe>l is unrivall$4 ,b ! /atem5t ( _m writ]s t arti/s at o!r places s5t _! works to ,gubbio to be lu/r$1 & all[$ ,giorgio to affix 8 "n to !m1 is too repulsive to be accept$ )\t prote/ or res]vation4 ,"o c h>dly imag9e a m unwor?y c\rse ?an t ascrib$ to ,giorgio1 ( lay+ aside 8 prop] arti/ic functions & becom+ m]ely a decorator ) lu/res1 8indiff]5t10 z ,m>ryat says1 8by ^: h&s !y 7 execut$ or f :at fabric !y proce$$40 ,x is 9 ?is capacity ( decorator t ! o!rwise f9i%$ pa9t+s ( ,xanto & o!rs are said to h be5 s5t to him to be enri*$ ) lu/re4 ,! e>li] ,gubbio w>es g5]ally h a pale-blue gr\nd1 ) grotesques & scrolls t]m9at+ 9 animals' heads1 & m+l$ occasionally ) *]ubs' heads4 ,! gr\nds aft]w>d became m brilliant1 & ! designs include mottoes & bu/s 9 celebration ei!r ( ! great m5 ( ! "t or ( its fair ladies4 ,x is to be not$ t ,giorgio liv$ be=e ! accession ( ,guidobaldo ,,ii41 & consequ5tly did n p>take ( ! b5efits enjoy$ by ! ,fontana family at ,urb9o4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bah4--,urb9o ,pilgrim's ,bottle4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bai4--,lu/r$ ,gubbio ,vase1 ( ab\t ,a4,d4 #aejj4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,f ! ,du*y ( ,urb9o we may turn to ,fa5za4 ,x has already be5 ref]r$ to z supply+ an etymology = ! ^w fai5ce4 ,ganzoni1 writ+ 9 #adhe1 speaks ( ! :it5ess & poli% ( ! ,fa5za majolica1 & ,laz>i praises its s(t t9ts & good draw+1 :i* manife/$ !mselves aft] ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! e>li] fabrics be> /rong evid5ces ( ,ori5tal influ5ces1 &1 z se5 9 ! ,ca/ellani collection1 w\ld c>ry u back to a v e>ly /age ( ! art4 ,! glaze is ei!r lead or li?>ge1 & "s ( ! designs consi/ ( geometrical comb9ations 9 manganese & copp]4 ,o!r primitive pieces are ( a v pale blue or :ite1 *ang+ at times to a blue bord] surr\nd+ heads ) be>ds t]m9at+ 9 acan?us leaves & scrolls atta*$4 ,a slight exam9ation ( ^! pieces %[s t ! /r5g? ( ! arti/s ( ?is p]iod lay 9 ! accessories1 & t !y 7 weak & unc]ta9 9 _! attempts at figure-draw+4 ,! pieces ascrib$ to ,casa ,pirota1 ( :i* ,signor ,ca/ellani has "s notable examples1 are ^? 9 :i* we discov] ! po9t ( ,laz>i's encomiums4 ,^! date f #aebe d[nw>d1 & %[ ! excell5ce ( draw+ & brightness ( decoration :i* gave ! ,fa5t9e majolica its celebrity4 ,! bord]s frequ5tly consi/ ( grotesques 9 %ad$ :ite on pale or d>k blue or gray gr\nds4 ,di%es ) *i>oscuro arabesques on gr\nds ( blue1 surr\nd+ figures1 bu/s1 or h]aldic designs1 repres5t a prevail+ ,fa5t9e /yle4 ,a plate belong+ to ,signor ,ca/ellani has a blue gr\nd 9 ! c5tre1 on :i* a coat-(-arms is laid 9 yell[1 & ! broad bord] ( pale gray f9i%es ) a rim ( gre5 & yell[4 ,an exceptional piece is describ$ z black ) :ite res]v$ arabesques4 ,=li1 ,rim9i1 & ,rav5na may be dismiss$ briefly4 ,=li produc$ pott]y at lea/ z e>ly z #acif2 b x 0 n until ! sixte5? c5tury t x made any majolica :i* we c recognize1 & ev5 !n x might easily be conf\nd$ ) ! productions ( ,*affagiolo & ,fa5za4 ,! ,rim9i majolica is *iefly rem>kable = its wond]ful glaze4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbj4--,plateau by ,giorgio4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,v5ice _h majolica factories at lea/ z e>ly z #aebj1 & probably half a c5tury be=e t date4 ,! e>li] w>es are illu/rat$ by c]ta9 pieces ( fai5ce pavem5t4 ,( ! sixte5? c5tury ! e>lie/ specim5s are dat$ #aedj & #aedc1 & ( ?is p]iod ! designs are *iefly 9 blue & :ite1 sometimes s(t & undecid$4 ,! w>e is ?9 & h>d1 & ! rims ( plates are frequ5tly decorat$ ) fruit & fl[]s 9 relief4 ,scrolls on a deep blue gr\nd1 & oak leaves on pale blue1 are also met )4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bba4--;,fa5za ,fruit ,di%4 ,) ,f]r>a1 ,d]uta1 & ,naples we may conclude our enum]ation4 ,f]r>a 0 an (f%oot ( ,fa5za1 :5ce we f9d ,fra ,mel*iorre com+ 9 #adie1 ,biagio 9 #aeja1 ,antonio 9 #aebb1 & ,catto 9 #aebh4 ,! arti/ ,camillo :o pa9t$ vases1 ! ,dossi bro!rs :o design$1 8,el ,frate10 ,grosso1 & ,zaff>9o are among ^? :o gave ,f]r>a its reputation4 ,x is probably to ! ,dossis t ! grotesques on a :ite gr\nd are to be attribut$4 ,d]uta takes u back to ,robbia1 ^: pupil1 ,ago/9o di ,antonio di ,duccio1 w5t to ,p]ugia 9 #adfa1 & !nce c]ta9ly influ5c$ ! ,d]uta s*ool4 ,) su* tea*+ ,d]uta produc$1 e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 majolica ( a v high ord] ( m]it1 ) blue gr\nds & yell[ lu/r$ *]ubs' heads 9 relief1 & arabesques4 ,)9 su* bord]s are :ite enamell$ inn] circles1 ) scrolls m+l$ ) birds & *im]as1 surr\nd+ a rais$ c5tre ( deep blue be>+ a bu/ or head4 ,sev]al pieces subsequ5t to #aedd are sign$ 8,el ,frate10 & are1 z a :ole1 weak & unpleas+1 al?\gh "s o!rs are /rong & beautiful4 ,z a rule1 ! arti/s ( ,d]uta appe> to h be5 ! direct opposites ( ^? ( e>ly ,fa5za1 i4 e41 !y exp5d _! res\rces ^u _! pr9cipal figures1 & make ! details entirely second>y4 ,! e>lie/ ,d]uta vases are conical1 & decorat$ 9 lu/re & :ite enamel ) blue4 ,naples & ,ca/elli are bo? surr\nd$ ) m or less my/]y1 al?\gh evid5ce is n want+ t ! latt] at lea/ produc$ excell5t majolica4 ,) ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury appe> "s l>ge vases ( ,naples1 pa9t$ 9 d>k colors ) religi\s subjects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbb4--;,d]uta ,di%4 7,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum47 ,! %apes :i* engag$ s mu* ( our att5tion 9 ,greece1 are 9 ,italy too manifold & v>i$ = classification4 ,we are 9 pres5ce ( an entirely new ord] ( ?+s1 :5 we f9d arti/s exp5d+ _! be/ ef=ts ^u decoration ) enamels1 lu/res1 arabesques1 grotesques1 & wond]ful scrolls turn+ 9 _! sweep+ folds r\nd all mann] ( impossible mon/]s1 ( a pla91 broad-bord]$ di%1 ) no pret5sion to =m4 ,:5 ! ,italian arti/s conc$e some?+ to %ape1 !y frequ5tly become wilful1 embelli%+ a vase rem9d+ u ( ,greece ) s]p5t h&les1 or runn+ (f into elaborate ink/&s or qua9t table w>es4 ,9 ! ,italy ( ! ,r5aissance we are 9 ! pres5ce ( ! triumph ( decoration1 & x is ^u decoration t we1 9 common ) all inquir]s1 mu/ conc5trate att5tion1 ?ankful if at times we detect a h>mony betwe5 ! gracefulness ( a vase & ! beauty ( its brilliant colors4 ,possibly x may be res]v$ = ! ,unit$ ,italy ( ! n9ete5? c5tury to turn back to ! e>li] pages 9 h] c]amic hi/ory1 &1 hav+ fill$ h]self ) ! _s ( ! pott]s ( ,magna ,grcia & ,apulia1 to pass d[n to ! brilliancy ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 &1 ) bo? 9 full view1 to execute some?+ wor?y ( ! lat] prime ( h] unity4 ,endless repetitions ( ! fam\s fabrics ( ! ,r5aissance h l$ h] into spiritless imitation & b\ndless fraud4 ,"s ( ! pieces display$ at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition 7 by no means de/itute ( m]it4 ,fa5za c /ill produce good draw+ & effective color+1 & ,della ,robbia w>e is /ill manufactur$ ) t9-enamell$ figures1 :i* look consid]ably bett] ?an :itewa%$ t]ra-cotta4 ,b let u imag9e ! en]gy & skill devot$ to imitation ) int5t to deceive1 & ! pa9/ak+ labor ( hone/ m5 :o make no attempt to rise above ! rank ( copyi/s1 to be toge!r ?r[n into an endeavor to rea* a new orig9ality4 ,might n ,italy be rais$ f ! rank ( a c\ntry re/+ ^u a brilliant pa/ into t ( "o work+ 9 ! pres5t to rea* an equally brilliant future8 ,,porcela94 ,flor5ce & ,e>lie/ ,artificial ,porcela94--,!ory ( ,japanese ,tea*+4--,la ,doccia4--,v5ice1 & ! ,"q ( its ,fir/ ,mak+ ,european ,porcela94--,le ,nove4--,capo di ,monte4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbc4--,m$icean ,porcela9 7,ca/ellani ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbd4--;,design at ,bottom ( ,b[l1 ,fig4 #bbc4 ,to ,italy & to ! family ( ! ,m$ici1 z we h se51 belongs ! honor ( mak+ ! fir/ artificial ,european porcela9 ( :i* any specim5s h come d[n to our "t4 ,! result ( rec5t rese>*es has be5 to ?r[ mu* light ^u ! int]e/+ discov]y made at ,flor5ce4 ,dr4 ,=esi1 ( t city1 0 ! fir/ ^: att5tion 0 drawn to ! matt]4 ,he collect$ sev]al pieces ( porcela91 evid5tly ( ,european manufacture2 & 8 curiosity hav+ be5 ar\s$ z to _! orig91 he f\nd t ! ,gr& ,duke ,francis ,i4 _h a private factory 9 ! ,boboli g>d5s1 t !re exp]im5ts _h be5 made ) a view to discov]+ ! composition ( porcela91 & t success _h be5 atta9$4 ,! m>ks on ! pieces are ! lett] ,f4 & a dome1 ! arms ( ! ,m$ici1 & on "o1 ! arms1 ! lett]s ,f4 ,m4 ,m4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,ii4--! initials ( ,franciscus ,m$ici ,magnus ,etruri ,dux ,secundus--! lett] ,f4 & ! dome4 ,! latt] ( ^! 7 cle>ly ! initial lett] ( ,flor5ce or ( ,francis1 & ! dome ( ! city's magnific5t ca!dral4 ,a f9e specim5 ( ! ,flor5t9e porcela9 0 br\ght to ,am]ica 9 ! ,ca/ellani collection 7,fig4 #bbc74 ,x is a flut$ di%1 ) ! figure ( ,/4 ,m>k & ! lion pa9t$ 9 blue on ! bottom 7,fig4 #bbd74 ,"u ! lion's paw is a volume be>+ ! lett]s ,g4 & ,p41 suppos$ to be ! arti/'s initials1 & on ! rev]se are ! lett] ,f4 & ! dome4 ,9 ! same collection is a plate1 also decorat$ 9 ! ,japanese /yle1 light blue & :ite1 & hav+ ! dome & lett] on ! "u side4 ,!re are n ?irty pieces ( ?is w>e kn[n4 ,9 connection ) ! fact t ! decoration1 z we po9t$ out :5 speak+ ( ?is w>e "u ,japan1 is und\bt$ly ,japanese1 an int]e/+ "q has be5 rais$ by ,mr4 ,b4 ,phillips4 ,he expresses ! belief t ! pres5ce ( ,japanese--compos+ ! embassy to ! ,pope--9 ,italy may h _h a direct influ5ce1 n only on ! ornam5tation b on ! manufacture ( ! ,m$icean porcela94 ,he !n says3 8,t ^! ,japanese nobles visit$ ! ,gr& ,duke 9 ,flor5ce _c be d\bt$4 ,n[1 z to ! ,m$icean porcela91 we h be5 c>eful n to use ! ^w #8discov]y' 9 connection ) its e>ly manufacture 9 ,flor5ce4 ,we are /rongly ( ! op9ion t ! me?od ( select+ & prep>+ ! mat]ial f :i* porcela9 _h to be made 0 d]iv$ directly f ! ,japanese4 ,if ! decoration1 z we believe has be5 und\bt$ly prov$1 0 tak5 f ! ,japanese1 might n ! me?od ( mak+ porcela9 h be5 d]iv$ f ! same s\rce80 ,t ,italy may h full cr$it = ! ,gr& ,duke's success1 x may be po9t$ out t !re are two objections to ! above !ory4 ,x is n[h]e /at$ t ! ,japanese 7 acqua9t$ ) any o!r ?an natural kaol9ic porcela91 & x is exce$+ly improbable t ! memb]s ( an embassy _h any k ( ! comb9ation ( mat]ials 9 an artificial pa/e4 ,! ,m$icean 0 n a pure kaol9ic porcela91 b 8a composite pa/e hav+ = basis qu>tz & a vitre\s frit1 ) a small quantity ( ! kaol9 ( ,vic5za40 ,9 ! second place1 ! embassy did n leave ,japan until #aehc1 & only rea*$ ,italy 9 #aehe4 8,9 #aeha10 says ,jacquem>t1 8! exp]im5ts ( ! ,gr& ,duke _h produc$ _! fruits1 & he already s5t pres5ts ( 8 transluc5t pott]y to ! o!r sov]eigns ( ,europe40 ,! porcela9 01 !re=e1 made be=e ! ,japanese arriv$ 9 ,italy4 ,7 any?+ fur!r ne$$ to pres]ve = ,italy ! exclusive cr$it ( "o ( ! greate/ contributions to c]amic art1 x may be f\nd 9 ! /yles ( decoration ( ! ,m$icean porcela94 ,^! are divisible into two classes3 ! ,ori5tal & ! ,italian4 ,! latt] resembles t ( fai5ce1 & consi/s *iefly ( grotesques4 ,su* are ! pieces ^u :i* appe> ! arms ( ! ,m$icean family1 = ^: use !y 7 res]v$4 ,! specim5s ) ,ori5tal decoration 7 gifts made to spread abroad ! r5[n ( ! ,gr& ,duke's laboratory4 ,su* a purpose c\ld c]ta9ly n h be5 fulfill$ ) inf]ior works1 & ?is class1 to :i* ! ,ca/ellani porcela9 belongs1 may be tak5 z repres5t+ ! be/ ,m$icean pa/e4 ,9 ?is view ! fabric 0 at its highe/ be=e ! ,japanese left _! own c\ntry1 z we h se5 t pieces ( ?is "* 7 be+ s5t ov] ,europe 9 #aeha4 ,! probability is t ! ,gr& ,duke1 or ,b]n>do ,buontal5ti1 :o really made ! discov]y1 arriv$ at x by indep5d5t inve/igations prompt$ by ,ori5tal porcela91 & t ! latt] & ! f9] specim5s ( majolica sugge/$ ! decoration4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s lat]1 or 9 #agce1 ! ,m>quis ,c>lo ,g9ori e/abli%$ a manufactory at ,la ,doccia1 ne> ,flor5ce4 ,! ent]prise ( ! f\nd] 0 s great1 manife/+ itself 9 ! introduction ( ! *emi/ ,w&ele9 z director1 & ! importation ( mat]ial f ,*9a1 t 9 a few ye>s ! ,doccia porcela9 _h become fam\s4 ,! e>li] pieces be> a close resemblance to ! ,*9ese4 ,! arti/s ( ,doccia excell$ 9 modell+1 & _m ( _! gr\ps are beautifully execut$4 ,x is un=tunate t f an e>ly p]iod ( ! exi/5ce ( ! work%op its arti/s %\ld h engag$ 9 imitation4 ,aft] foll[+ ,*9ese models !y turn$ to ,svres1 & !n to ,capo di ,monte4 ,m lately1 ,doccia has won an un5viable notoriety by its spuri\s imitation ( old majolica & ! w>es ( ,luca della ,robbia4 ,e>ly 9 ! la/ c5tury ,doccia became possess$ ( "s ( ! m\lds ( ,capo di ,monte1 & z ! ,doccia m>k does n appe> ^u ! pieces made f !m1 a wide op5+ 0 (f]$ = fraud4 ,x is wor? not+1 h[ev]1 t x is by its copies & imitations t ! ,doccia manufactory rea*$ its greate/ f9ancial success4 ,! success ( ! c\nt]feit has de/roy$ ! g5u9e1 & ! arti/ic is ov]%ad[$ by ! comm]cial4 ,9 ,v5etia1 porcela9 0 made at ,v5ice & ,le ,nove4 ,! hi/ory ( ! manufacture 9 ,v5ice is some:at obscure4 ,e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury--&1 !re=e1 be=e ! ,m$icean w>e 0 produc$--exp]im5ts1 ! success ( :i* _c n[ be measur$1 7 made by a ,v5etian arti/4 ,he seems1 aft] mak+ a few pieces1 to h rel9qui%$ ! ent]prise = lack ( support & patronage4 ,8 /ory is ?us told3 8,!re 0 an old pott] 9 ,v5ice ab\t #aejd-aeai1 ^: "n is unkn[n1 ( :om1 9 fact1 we "k no?+ except f a few notes discov]$ by ! ,m>quis ,campori among ! relics ( ! ,duke ,alphonso ,i4 ( ,f]r>a1 b ^: "n ought to be blazon$ 9 gold z ! fir/ ,european :o made porcela94 ,9 #aejd ! ,duke 0 9 ,v5ice1 & 8 book ( exp5ses %[s an item ( two liri & a fraction1 paid = a piece ( porcela94 ,fifte5 ye>s aft]w>d 8 ambassador 9 ,v5ice wrote him a lett]1 s5d+ ) x a plate & b[l ( porcela91 f ! #8ma/]1' f :om ! ,duke _h ord]$ !m4 ,& ! ambassador goes on to say t ! ma/] decl9$ to take m1 z 8 exp]im5ts co/ him too mu* "t & money2 &1 fur!r1 he decl9es to accept an invitation ( ! ,duke to remove to ,f]r>a & make porcela9 !re1 plead+ t he is too old1 & does n want to leave ,v5ice4 ,en?usia/ic collectors imag9e t a few specim5s to :i* !y c assign no o!r orig9 are works ( ! old ,v5etian1 b !re is no satisfactory evid5ce t any ( 8 "w rema9s40 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any relics ( ?is anci5t ,v5etian to sub/antiate 8 claim to ! inv5tion ( a true porcela91 ! honor w probably cont9ue to be ascrib$ to ,flor5ce4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! exi/5ce ( ,v5etian specim5s ) decoration sugge/ive ( sev5te5? c5tury /yles1 w\ld indicate t ! indu/ry 0 at lea/ kept alive1 & t !re 7 sev]al pr$ecessors to ! manufactory f\nd$ by ,francesco ,vezzi e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,"s v beautiful works are attribut$ to ! ,casa ,vezzi4 ,9 or ab\t #agfe ano!r manufactory 0 e/abli%$ by ,gem9iano ,cozzi1 & f x 7 turn$ out table-sets1 gr\ps1 /atuettes1 & vases4 ,! e/abli%m5t at ,le ,nove1 f\nd$ 9 #ageb by ,pasquale ,antonibon1 produc$ majolica1 t]raglia--a mix$ composition ( pott]y & porcela9--& artificial porcela94 ,( ! latt] 7,fig4 #bbe7 "s magnific5t examples h be5 pres]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbe4--,nove ,porcela9 ,vase4 ,! mo/ fam\s ,italian porcela9 is t ( ,capo di ,monte4 ,?is manufactory 0 f\nd$ 9 #agcf by ,*>les ,,iii41 :om we h already se5 introduc+ ! art into ,madrid1 aft] he left ,naples to m\nt ! ?rone ( ,spa94 ,! f\nd] does n appe> to h be5 indebt$ to any ext5t :atev] to ! discov]ies made at ,meiss51 b to h set on foot a p]fectly indep5d5t & national indu/ry4 ,! k+ frequ5tly work$ 9 ! factory1 & "u 8 guidance & ! favor ( 8 consort1 ,que5 ,amelia ( ,saxony1 its products rapidly improv$ aft] ! fir/ essays1 :i* closely foll[$ ! ,japanese4 ,! ,capo di ,monte =ms assume a di/9ctive "*4 ,h] arti/s turn$ to ! sea1 z became citiz5s ( ! ,que5 ( ! ,sea1 & !re f\nd inspiration4 ,!y took ! %ells ( ! ,m$it]ranean = _! models1 & by comb9+ !m ) coral & sea-plants1 & color+ all aft] nature1 produc$ "s ( _! mo/ beautiful works4 ,a v h&some ew] is ?us compos$1 ! body repres5t+ an +5i\s comb9ation ( %ells set 9 a foot ( coral1 a bran* ( :i* climbs up ! side1 &1 ar*+ to ! lip1 =ms ! h&le4 ,a bas9 is simil>ly design$1 & is dott$ ) small] %ells4 ,or aga91 a salt-cell> is modell$ aft] a boat /e]$ by a y\?4 ,^! examples w suffice to %[ t n ! lea/ m]it ( ! arti/s ( ,capo di ,monte is _! orig9ality4 ,! table s]vices pres5t u ) "s ( ! f9e/ porcela9 made 9 ,europe4 ,! pa/e is f9e & transp>5t1 & _m ( ! pieces are z ?9 & light z ! egg-%ell ( ,*9a4 ,:5 ,*>les ,,iii4 set out = ,spa91 he took a numb] ( ! arti/s ) him1 & left to 8 successor 9 ,naples ! "w ( ma9ta9+ ! indu/ry4 ,9 ?is ,f]d9& 0 n successful1 & ,capo di ,monte rapidly sank1 & disappe>$ altoge!r 9 #ahba4 ,! porcela9 made at all ! places nam$ 0 artificial4 ,! only ,italian manufactory ( natural porcela9 0 t ( ,v9euf1 ne> ,tur91 :i* began to "w t[>d ! end ( la/ c5tury4 ,! body conta9s magnesia4 ,! work%op 0 f\nd$ by ,dr4 ,gioanetti4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbf4--,old ,svres ,biscuit4 ,judgm5t ( ,p>is4 7,augu/ ,belmont ,coll47 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,france4 ,prospect on approa*+ ,france4--,pres5t & ,pa/4--,! ,anci5t ,celts4--,"u ! ,romans4--,middle ,ages4--,poit\1 ,beauvais1 & ,hesd94--,italian ,influ5ce4--,a ,national ,art4--,b]n>d ,palissy1 ,b>bizet1 ,pull1 & ,avisseau4--,h5ri ,deux ,w>e4--,r\54--,nev]s4--,m\/i]s4--,m>seil les4--,/rasburg4--,limoges4 --,havil&'s ,new ,process4--,examples4--,b\rg-la-,re9e4-- ,laur94--,deck4 --,col9ot4--,creil4--,mont]eau4--,longwy 4--,p>ville4--,gi54--,s>reguem9es4 --,ni$]vill]4--,luneville4--,nancy4--,/4 ,clem5t4--,/4 ,am&4 --,p>is4--,sceaux4 ,turn+ z we leave ,italy we seem to look back across a wide1 unbrok5 pla91 f ! mid/ ( :i* rises a m\nta9 range1 its summits gl[+ ) ! rays ( ! sett+ sun beh9d u4 ,x is ?us we rev]t across comp>ative b>r5ness to ! ,r5aissance1 beyond :i*1 & hidd51 lie ! e>li] glories ( ,etruria & ,grco-,italy4 ,z we turn to ,france ! sun is 9 front ( u1 /rik+ full ^u a height /ill cl\d-capt & unreveal$1 & ba?+ ! int]v5+ undulat+ l&scape 9 ! fulness ( its undimm$ spl5dor4 ,) ,france ! pres5t %$s lu/re1 life1 & light ^u a long pa/ beg9n+ ) pre-,roman ,gallia1 & ext5d+ ?r\gh ,roman dom9ation1 ! d>kness ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! ,r5aissance to ! pres5t "t4 ,! e>ly pott]y ( ,gallia has be5 v>i\sly view$1 b !re seems no reason = )hold+ f ! anci5t ,celtic pott]s ! cr$it ( hav+ adopt$ a high & pure /&>d ( art be=e ! ,roman p[] 0 e/abli%$4 ,x has ev5 be5 que/ion$1 9 ! light ( a full k ( ! subject1 if ! ,romans did n1 by ! introduction ( new models1 ret>d ! gr[? ( native skill & de/roy an art sup]ior to _! own4 ,judg+ f ! examples /ill rema9+1 x is at lea/ unque/ionable t ! ,celts _h1 at a v e>ly date1 arriv$ at ideas ( simplicity & elegance ( =m f> 9 advance ( ^? ent]ta9$ by contempor>y nations4 ,^! works1 moreov]1 give no indication ( =eign influ5ce1 & probably repres5t ! la/ /age ( native art1 be=e x 0 di/urb$ by ! entrance ( ! invad]4 ,! ornam5tation is *a/e almo/ to sev]ity1 & al?\gh 9 "s in/ances x %[s a community ( /yle ) ! e>ly ,g]man pott]y1 x is g5]ally indep5d5t & di/9ctive4 ,we d n assign an age to ^! pieces1 b x appe>s probable t !y 7 prec$$ by a rud] pott]y also ref]able to ! anci5t ,celts4 ,! e>li] rema9s1 suppos$ to belong to ! pre-,roman era1 h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,nor?1 & are ( a v primitive "*1 evid5tly made entirely by h&1 )\t ! assi/ance ( ei!r m\ld or :eel4 ,! pa/e is d>k-color$ & co>se4 ,!re is also a class equally rude1 9 s f> z ! composition is conc]n$1 b giv+ 9 ! %apes a sugge/ion ( ,roman influ5ce4 ,r$ ,roman w>e has be5 f\nd 9 e "p ( ,gaul1 & a furnace 0 discov]$ 9 ,auv]gne4 ,at ,bordeaux r$1 black1 :ite1 & yell[ ,roman pott]y has be5 exhum$1 & sev]al localities are indicat$ at :i* pott]ies exi/$4 ,z we approa* ! ,middle ,ages1 & beg9 to detect evid5ces 9 ,france ( a k ( processes ) :i* we are already famili>1 & to "q ourselves z to _! special orig91 x may be well to keep ! foll[+ facts 9 view3 fir/ly1 t ,m>seilles 0 f\nd$ by a ,phnician colony2 secondly1 t pott]y ( ! ,s\? ( ,france1 aft] ! ,arabs _h spread ov] ! ,/ates ( ,b>b>y1 s closely resembl$ ! ,arabian z to sugge/ at once communication ) ! ,nor? ( ,africa2 ?irdly1 t ,france 0 op5 to ! same influ5ces ( trade1 int]c\rse1 & immigration :i* _h s p[]ful an effect ^u ,italy4 ,let u allude to "o po9t1 ! probable transmission ( lead-glaze f ,greece to ,rome1 & ?us to ! ,gauls1 = an illu/ration ( ! untraceable r\te by :i* k 0 spread1 & = an explanation ( ! ph5om5on s (t5 witness$ ( a c]ta9 product reveal+ itself 9 ! mo/ incompreh5sible mann] at a po9t f> remov$ f ! accept$ c5tre ( works ( its class4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury ,ori5tal ideas 9 ,france beg9 to sup]s$e ^? ( ,go?ic inspiration1 & ,*ri/ianity & *ivalry toge!r op]ate a decid$ *ange 9 c]amic ornam5tation4 ,processes gradually improv$4 ,at ,poit\1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 gre5-glaz$ conical urns 7 made1 & ,beauvais _h already rea*$ celebrity4 ,m int]e/+ is ! fact t1 at ,hesd91 ,jehan de ,voleur 01 t[>d ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 acqua9t$ ) /annif]\s enamel4 ,9 ,france1 !re=e1 z 9 ,italy1 ?is secret 0 kn[n long prior to ! suppos$ discov]y by ,luca della ,robbia4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to ,italy t ,france is indebt$ = ! access ( _s infus$ into its c]amic art 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,italy suppli$ models to ! ,fr5* pott]s1 :o _h be5 busy+ !mselves ) ornam5tation ( ,go?ic orig9 & ,*ri/ian devices & leg5ds4 ,&1 fur!r1 ,italian arti/s flock$ to ,france betwe5 ! close ( ! fifte5? & ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & settl$ at ,lyons1 ,amboise1 ,nantes1 & else:]e4 ,aft] a "t ! ,italian ta/e !y repres5t$ & _! te*nical skill 7 turn$ into a *annel m ?or\ghly ,fr5*1 & to ! build+ up ( an art purely national4 ,among ^? :o assi/$ 9 ?is great "w no "n is m em95t ?an t ( ,b]n>d ,palissy 7,fig4 #bbg74 ,we h already *>act]iz$ 8 life z ! great romance 9 ! hi/ory ( c]amics1 & c]ta9ly x reads m l a romance ?an sob] fact4 ,let u look at x a little 9 detail4 ,8 fa!r 0 a humble artisan1 & ! honor ( 8 bir?place is ascrib$ to ,la ,*apelle ,biron1 betwe5 ! ye>s #aejf & #aeaj4 ,8 education 0 ( ! mo/ limit$ k9d1 includ+ m]ely read+ & writ+2 & at an e>ly age he began pr(essional life z a work] 9 glass1 a comb9ation ( ! glazi] & pa9t]4 ,8 arti/ic in/9cts 7 ?us k9dl$2 & besides acqua9t+ himself ) draw+1 pa9t+1 modell+1 & geometry1 he /udi$ ! ,italian ma/]s1 copi$ _! works1 & devot$ "p ( 8 "t to lit]ature4 ,!reaft]1 to add to 8 /ock ( k & wid5 8 exp]i5ce1 he began to travel1 & visit$ ,g]many1 ,fl&]s1 & ! sev]al prov9ces ( 8 native c\ntry4 ,z he travell$1 he work$ z surveyor & glass-pa9t]1 & /udi$ *emi/ry & natural hi/ory4 ,x is ) "s a/oni%m5t t we f9d ?is man1 unkn[n to ! _w at l>ge except z a pott]1 inve/igat+ ! subjects ^u :i* ! noble sci5ce ( geology 0 aft]w>d built1 & !oriz+ ^u ! ela/icity & p[] ( /eam4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbg4--;,b]n>d ,palissy4 7,f a ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,htel ,cluny1 ,p>is47 ,he f9i%$ 8 travels 9 #aeci1 settl$ at ,sa9tes1 m>ri$1 & devot$ himself to 8 orig9al pr(ession & to l&-measur+4 ,a few ye>s lat] he saw ! beautiful enamell$ e>!n cup--:e!r ,ori5tal1 ,g]man1 or :ite ,f]r>ese ne$ n conc]n u--:i* turn$ ! entire c\rse ( 8 life4 ,he wi%$ to imitate ! enamel )\t kn[+ any?+ ( its composition1 & emb>k$ ^u ! long s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* l$ him1 ?r\gh numb]less trials1 to em95ce & fame4 ,he pres5ts at ?is p]iod "o ( ! mo/ curi\s figures possibly 9 all hi/ory1 t ( a man app>5tly b5t ^u %utt+ out all b5efit t might h be5 d]iv$ f ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 lit]ally 8grop+ 9 ! d>k10 z he says ( himself1 & det]m9$ to make up = lack ( te*nical k by assidu\s exp]im5t4 ,he gr\nd1 built furnaces & fir$ !m1 tri$ ! pott]'s ov5 ( ,*apelle-des-pots--all to no purpose4 ,hav+ accept$ a survey+ mission he return$ ) treasury repl5i%$ & ardor unabat$4 ,surely1 no man ev] knock$ ) su* p]t9acity at ! door ( k4 ,he met 8 fir/ success by try+ a glass-mak]'s furnace4 ,"o ( ! pieces came out 8:ite & poli%$40 ,?is 0 food to live ^u1 & he began to build a furnace ( 8 own1 do+ all ! "w himself--?ree masons 9 "o4 ,at l5g? x 0 f9i%$1 & ! fir/ attempt end$ 9 failure4 ,he tri$ aga91 becom+ poor] & poor]1 s t he c\ld n buy wood = 8 furnace4 ,9 8 /rait1 he took ! tree-props f 8 g>d51 8 furniture1 & h\se-floor+ = fuel4 8,my %irt _h n be5 dry = m ?an a mon?2 & also1 to console me1 !y laugh$ at me1 & ev5 ^? :o ought to h help$ me w5t cry+ ab\t ! t[n t ,i 0 burn+ my floor1 & by ^! means made me lose my cr$it2 & !y ?\ght me mad40 ,he 0 evid5tly 9 a bad way :5 he dropp$ into we>+ a wet %irt = a mon?1 & ?9k+ t any "o ought to h help$ him4 ,aft] a %ort re/1 he turn$ 8 att5tion to ! prep>ation ( a new furnace4 ,to c>ry out ?is new plan1 he 0 compell$ to mortgage 8 cr$it by employ+ a pott] to assi/ him4 ,8 assi/ant he kept 9 food by ! fri5dly (fices ( a tav]n-keep]1 :o seems n to h %>$ 9 ! madness !ory4 ,aft] six mon?s he felt himself oblig$ to pay (f 8 help1 & did s--9 clo!s1 "p ( 8 own scanty w>drobe4 ,/ill he 0 n to be beat54 ,he f9i%$ 8 furnace s+le-h&$1 put 9 8 pieces1 & />t$ ! fire2 b /ill ! gods 7 inexorable4 ,! pebbles 9 ! mort> us$ 9 build+ ! furnace crack$ "u ! heat & flew 9 spl9t]s1 /ick+ 9 ! glaze ( 8 pieces1 & spoil+ !m4 ,remorselessly1 he broke !m all1 decl9+ ev5 to give 8 importunate cr$itors a s+le specim5 9 "p paym5t ( 8 debts4 ,"o c imag9e ! /orm su* conduct rais$1 & to make matt]s worse1 8,i met ) no?+ 9 my h\se b reproa*es1 & receiv$ mal$ictions in/ead ( consolation40 ,! a%es spoil$ 8 next bat*1 & :5 he resort$ to segg>s ! unequally di/ribut$ heat m>r$ ! enamels4 ,he 0 n[1 h[ev]1 too ne> victory to be altoge!r disc\rag$1 & f9ally1 aft] fifte5 or sixte5 ye>s ( unhe>d-( /ruggle & mis]y1 ?is indomitable g5ius produc$ ! long-s\ght enamel1 & ! secret ( 8 well-kn[n ru/ic pott]y 0 discov]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbh4--,palissy ,di%4 7,ro?s*ild ,coll47 ,fame & patronage came ) success1 b ,palissy's tr\bles 7 by no means end$4 ,hav+ embrac$ ,prote/antism1 he fell "u ! edict ( #aeei1 saw 8 work%op de/roy$1 & 0 only sav$ f dea? by ! int]v5tion ( ! k+4 ,"u ! protection ( ,que5 ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici1 he fir/ w5t to ,ro*elle1 b 0 aft]w>d summon$ to ,p>is1 & !re1 9 a work%op erect$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies1 produc$ "s ( 8 be/ works4 ,sav$ by c\rt influ5ce f ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 he aft]w>d1 9 #aehh1 fell into ! h&s ( ! ,leagu]s1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 at ! age ( eighty1 di$ 9 ! ,ba/ille4 ,8 fir/ success 0 ! production ( ! :ite enamel1 :i* appe>s to h engross$ 8 entire att5tion4 ,8 second atta9m5t 0 a jasp] glaze1 ! examples ( :i* %[ a mixture ( br[n1 :ite1 & blue1 & :i* he deem$ only wor?y ( us+ z a means ( tempor>y subsi/5ce4 ,8 ?ird & mo/ fam\s a*ievem5t 0 ! ,ru/iques figul9es 7,fig4 #bbh71 ) :i* 8 "n is mo/ intimately associat$4 ,^! are kn[n by imitations almo/ ev]y:]e1 & consi/ ( v>i\sly %ap$ di%es & vases ornam5t$ ) %ells1 frogs1 liz>ds1 snakes1 fi% ( sev]al v>ieties1 & leaves 7,fig4 #bbi74 ,he 0 succe$$ by c]ta9 memb]s ( 8 family1 ^u ^: dea? 8 specialty 0 lo/4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition sev]al imitations 7 %[n 9 ! ,fr5*1 ,sw$i%1 & ,portuguese dep>tm5ts4 ,( ^! ! be/ 7 ^? ( ,m4 ,b>bizet 7,fig4 #bcj71 ( ,p>is1 ! son ( an arti/ :o is said to h r$iscov]$ ,palissy's me?od1 "s fifty ye>s ago1 & :o introduc$ 8 fa!r's discov]y into comm]ce 9 #ahej4 ,pull1 ( ,p>is1 & ,avisseau1 ( ,t\rs1 are also mod]n imitators :o h be5 v successful 9 approa*+ _! model4 ,pull began to produce 8 imitations 9 #ahef1 & has ev5 deceiv$ connoisseurs4 ,"o ( 8 pieces has be5 sold at z high a figure z #bdj4 ,mr4 ,walt]s1 ( ,baltimore1 has an excell5t example by ! eld] ,avisseau4 ,) ! exception ( ! works ( ,avisseau1 ,pull1 & ,b>bizet1 ! imitations ( ,palissy w>e are nei!r skilful nor 9 any way attractive2 z indep5d5t works ( art1 accompli%$ on ! sugge/ion suppli$ by him1 !y are h>dly des]v+ ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bbi4--,pit*] by ,palissy4 7,ro?s*ild ,coll47 ,:at is to be admir$ or condemn$ 9 ,palissy z a man requires no m5tion2 ! admirable 9 him z a pott] has be5 already po9t$ out 7see ,introduction1 page #db74 ,pass+ n[ f 8 ru/iques figul9es1 we f9d him1 aft] 8 settlem5t 9 ,p>is1 c>ry+ 8 peculi> /yle into works ( a totally diff]5t g5]al "*4 ,9 "o piece a figure repres5t+ ,*>ity is surr\nd$ by a ru/ic frame1 & a ,magdal5 kneels 9 ano!r among %ells & plants4 ,9 ^!1 z 9 8 ru/ic pott]y1 ! figures are admirably execut$ & ! color+ vigor\s4 ,8 palette 0 limit$ to a few colors1 ( :i* yell[1 blue1 & gray 7 ! *ief1 al?\gh sometimes we f9d him introduc+ violet1 gre51 & br[n4 ,"s tiles are attribut$ to him1 b ! /atuettes =m]ly ascrib$ to him are n[ g5]ally conc$$ to be ! works ( o!r h&s4 ,8 vases1 bas9s1 & di%es are extremely v>i$1 & are decorat$ ) subjects tak5 f contempor>y life & f hi/ory4 ,a v rem>kable vase n[ 9 ! ,l\vre is blue1 ) yell[ ornam5ts 9 relief1 & n less *>act]i/ic are 8 l>ge oval ci/]ns1 ) masques1 foliage1 fruit1 & %ells = ornam5ts4 ,"o ( ^! 7,fig4 #bca7 is a p]fect m>vel ( s(t & h>moni\s color+4 ,! heads are :ite2 ! drap]y :ite1 ) yell[ fr+e1 & 9 its heavi] folds blue2 ! fruit & fea!rs :ite1 gray1 r$1 yell[1 & blue2 ! gr\nd gray 9 tone1 & compos$ ( blue1 m>oon1 & gre54 ,9 two specim5s ( di%es ! gr\nd is :ite1 ^u :i* reptiles lie 9 /rong relief4 ,none ( 8 pieces are sign$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcj4--;,b>bizet's 8,palissy ,w>e40 7,tiffany ,co47 ,"o w\ld imag9e ! idea to be preval5t t ,palissy execut$ no?+ b ,ru/iques figul9es1 if we are to judge f ! t5d5cy ( imitators to produce pieces ( t "*1 & f ! prevail+ ta/e ( collectors1 :o appe> to dem& liz>ds & fi% z ess5tial to ! correct imitation ( ! ma/]4 ,hav+ giv5 z full a view ( 8 great works z may be necess>y to appreciate _! v>iety & beauty1 let u rev]t once m to ! fact t ,palissy 0 orig9al 9 two respects3 fir/ly1 9 8 me?ods2 secondly1 9 8 adoption ( natural objects z models4 ,he delib]ately %ut out all influ5ces :i* might consci\sly or unconsci\sly h affect$ 8 aim2 & z a consequ5ce1 al?\gh t9 enamel & reliefs 7 9 vogue all ov] ,france1 he em]g$ f 8 obscurity1 & liv$ ?r\gh ! p]iod ( 8 em95ce )\t be+ affect$ by ei!r ,g]man or ,italian ideas or processes4 ,he mu/ be accept$ z ! expon5t ( an art emphatically ,fr5*4 ,8 imitators h us$ 8 m\lds1 & 8 pupils h foll[$ 8 /yles2 b ev5 :5 possess+ ! secrets & skill1 copyi/s seldom cat* ! intellig5ce ( _! ma/]1 & ?us we f9d t on 8 dea? 8 art decl9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bca4--,palissy ,ci/]n4 ,:ile ,palissy 0 /ill 9 e>ly manhood1 ! fam\s & wond]ful ,h5ri ,deux w>e1 or ,fai5ce d',oiron1 _h be5 made4 ,!re are only sixty-sev5 pieces 9 exi/5ce2 & ! my/]y :i* = a long "t envelop$ its manufacture1 its r>ity1 & its beauty1 h bo? surr\nd$ x ) a peculi> int]e/ & r5d]$ specim5s almo/ fabul\sly valuable4 ,at a sale 9 #ahfe1 no less a sum ?an #eejj 0 giv5 = a bib]on4 ,?is w>e 0 made ab\t #aecj1 by a pott] nam$ ,franois ,*]p5ti]1 & ,jehan ,b]n>t1 secret>y & libr>ian1 bo? 9 ! s]vice ( ,hlne de ,hange/1 wid[ ( ,artus ,g\ffi]1 ,sieur de ,boisy4 ,h[ ?is lady came to acquire a ta/e = c]amics1 x is n1 9 view ( :at h]etics call ,*9a-mania1 h>d to imag9e4 ,9 any case1 %e built = ,*]p5ti] & ,b]n>t a work%op & furnace ne> ! *teau ( ,oiron1 & !re ! admirable ,h5ri ,deux w>e 0 made4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,hlne de ,hange/1 9 #aecg1 ,b]n>t appe>s to h cont9u$ 8 labors "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( h] son4 ,?is fai5ce1 !re=e1 :i* has creat$ m curiosity--! place ( its manufacture 0 n kn[n until #ahfb--?an any o!r1 & be5 m lavi%ly prais$1 owes its exi/5ce to ! :im or en?usiasm ( a woman4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcb4--;,h5ri ,deux ,ew]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcc4--;,bib]on4 ,h5ri ,deux ,w>e4 7,malcolm ,coll47 ,x is an entirely exceptional w>e4 ,! pa/e is a pipe-clay1 pure1 f9e1 & :ite4 ,^u ! fir/ or inn] lay]1 a second lay] ( a /ill f9] & :it] clay 0 laid1 9 :i* ! design 0 engrav$4 ,color$ pa/es 7 !n us$ = fill+ 9 ! cavities1 & ! surface 0 !n made level4 ,s closely did ! "w resemble niello 9 metal t ! "n 8,fai5ce ,niellure0 0 giv5 to ! w>e 7,fig4 #bcc74 ,on ! e>li] works arabesques 9 zones1 initials1 & h]aldic designs 7 ?us engrav$1 *iefly 9 black1 br[n1 & r$4 ,! zones are also frequ5tly yell[1 & ! bord]s br[n4 ,a fur!r ornam5tation consi/s ( frogs1 %ells1 liz>ds1 & wrea?s 9 relief4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,hlne de ,hange/ ! decoration assum$ an ar*itectural "*1 & soon aft]w>d ! colors lo/ _! beauty1 ! =ms _! elegance1 & ! art1 z a :ole1 deg5]at$4 ,= a p]iod ( ab\t tw5ty ye>s ! fai5ce 0 made :i* puzzl$ c]ami/s = ov] ?ree c5turies4 ,copies ( ?is w>e1 by ,m9ton ( ,engl&1 are 9 ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 & 9 ! collections ( ,mr4 ,walt]s1 ( ,baltimore1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,&rews1 ,new ,york4 ,hav+ ref]r$ to ! specialties ( ,sa9tes & ,oiron1 we n[ turn to ! o!r c5tres ( ,fr5* c]amics1 gr\p+ all its porcela9 toge!r 9 a sep>ate section4 ,beauvais1 ,poit\1 & ,hesd9 h be5 already allud$ to incid5tally4 ,( ! rema9+ seats ( ! fai5ce manufactory 9 ,france1 a few are select$ = _! importance z produc+ /yles m or less di/9ctive1 su* z ,r\51 ,nev]s1 ,m\/i]s1 & ,limoges4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcd4--,r\5 ,cup4 ,lambrequ9 ,decoration4 ,r\5 may be tak5 z repres5t+ indep5d5t ,norman art4 ,m>reot ,abaquesne 0 engag$ !re 9 enamell+ f #aece1 & two tile pictures f ! *teau ( ,ec\51 dat$ #aedb1 are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 repres5t+1 9 blue1 gre51 yell[1 & :ite1 ,mutius ,scvola & ,m>cus ,curtius4 ,abaquesne work$ until #aeeg1 & aft] t date ! manufacture ( tiles 0 cont9u$ by o!rs4 ,9 #afdf ,nicolas ,poirel1 ,sieur de ,gr&val1 obta9$ a privilege or pat5t = mak+ fai5ce1 & imm$iately transf]r$ x to ,edme ,pot]at1 already e/abli%$ 9 ! bus9ess 9 ,sa9t-,sev]4 ,to ?is pott] is1 9 all probability1 due ! mo/ di/9ctive /yles ( decoration practis$ at ,r\51 ^? resembl+ lambrequ9s & lace 7,fig4 #bcd47 ,^! are modifications ( ! ,ori5tal type4 ,9 #afgc ano!r pat5t 0 grant$ to ,l\is ,pot]at1 a son ( ! =m]1 = ! mak+ ( 8porcela9 simil> to t ( ,*9a1 & ( violet fai5ce pa9t$ ) :ite & blue & o!r colors1 9 ! mann] ( t ( ,holl&40 ,aft] ! expiry1 ab\t #agjj1 ( ,poirel's pat5t1 manufactories multipli$ rapidly1 & rea*$ an aggregate ( eighte51 f :i* "s e/imate may be =m$ ( ! numb] ( arti/s & pott]s engag$ at ,r\54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bce4--,r\5 ,fai5ce4 ,decoration1 la corne4 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,n4 ,y4 ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,z to ! successive /yles1 !re is no d\bt t design]s drew l>gely f ! works ( ! gold & silv] smi?4 ,fl[]s 9 wrea?s & b\quets surr\nd l&scapes pa9t$ on :ite4 ,!n came ! s5ior ,pot]at's adaptation ( ,ori5tal designs 9 ! lace & cognate /yles already m5tion$1 at fir/ 9 blue camaeu1 & aft]w>d m+l$ ) r$4 ,equally well kn[n is ! brilliant decoration la corne 7,fig4 #bce71 9 :i* _m-hu$ fl[]s issue f a cornucopia1 & dazzl+ insects fill 9 ! int]/ices betwe5 ! fl[]s4 ,all ^! /yles h be5 imitat$ bo? ?r\gh\t ,france & 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,no fai5ce ( ! eighte5? c5tury 0 m ri* & arti/ic ?an t ( ,r\54 ,_m ( ! pieces are ( l>ge size & highly ornate 9 "*4 ,to ,nev]s x has be5 usual to accord ! honor ( be+ ! e>lie/ produc] ( enamell$ pott]y 9 ,france1 b )\t good reason4 ,! evid5ce appe>s to be r 9 favor ( ,r\54 ,:5 ,l\is ,gonzaga became ,duke ( ,nev]s1 he s5t = a numb] ( ,italian arti/s1 & f t date1 ab\t #aefe1 ! production ( fai5ce at ,nev]s took its rise4 ,9 #aegh ! bro!rs ,conrade came f ,albissola1 ne> ,g5oa1 &1 settl+ at ,nev]s1 7 patroniz$ by ! ducal family4 ,_! works date f #afjb1 & x 0 n until ?irty ye>s lat] t a second manufactory 0 e/abli%$4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,conrades ^u ! art is v d\btful1 not)/&+ ! monopoly !y appe> to h enjoy$4 ,"o ?+ may be accept$ z c]ta91 t !re exi/$ a ,niv]nais /yle prior to t introduc$ by !m4 ,l\is ,gonzaga1 ! patron1 z we h se51 ( c]amic art1 di$ 9 #aeie2 & z ! ,conrades did n e/abli% !mselves until #afjh1 al?\gh !y _h be5 work+ = a few ye>s previ\sly1 we h a p]iod ( =ty-?ree ye>s to acc\nt =1 dat+ f ! accession ( ,gonzaga1 dur+ ?irty ( :i* t pr9ce 0 alive4 ,! ,niv]nais /yles may1 !re=e1 be divid$ into ! ,franco-,urb9o prior to ! ,conrade1 ! ,italo-,*9ese :i* exi/$ "u !m1 ! ,italo-,niv]nais1 & ! ,franco-,niv]nais4 ,! ,franco-,urb9o is m>k$ by a pr$om9ance ( blue & yell[1 by violet trac+s1 a yell[i% fle% t9t1 a peculi> copp]-gre51 & a sc>city ( r$4 ,a favorite =m ( vase h&le is ! dragon1 & ! sea is repres5t$ 9 l9es ( wavy blue4 ,! /yles ( ,p]sia1 ,japan1 & ,*9a began to manife/ !mselves "u ! ,conrades1 & cont9u$ d[n to ne> ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,we h1 aft] ! ,p]sian1 blue gr\nds ) :ite & yell[ ornam5tation1 & :ite gr\nds ) poly*rome & blue decoration4 ,at ! same "t we f9d m+l+s ( ,italian & ,ori5tal designs4 ,aft] #afdj1 h[ev]1 ! traces ( ,italian influ5ce become less di/9ct4 ,! ,italian s*ool is disappe>+1 =eign arti/s are giv+ place to natives1 & d[n to ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury !re are obvi\s traces ( ! /yles ( ,r\5 & ,m\/i]s4 ,f t "t ,nev]s decl9$4 ,m\/i]s has only be5 kn[n = a few ye>s1 b facts h be5 discov]$ :i* prove x to h held a highly important place 9 c]amic art4 ,situat$ 9 ! ,l[] ,alps1 its works 7 long attribut$ to o!r places1 al?\gh its geographical position ne> ,m>seilles & ,italy w\ld naturally po9t to x z "o ( ! mo/ favor$ c5tres ( ,prov5al art4 ,x is *iefly kn[n by ! productions ( ! ,cl]issy family & ( ,joseph ,ol]y4 ,pi]re ,cl]issy's works ext5d$ f #afhf to #agbh1 & to ?is p]iod "s ( ! f9e/ specim5s belong4 ,! pieces are g5]ally l>ge oval or r\nd di%es1 ) hunt+ or scriptural sc5es z c5tral decorations1 & bord]s ei!r ( fl[]s or masks & fabul\s mon/]s & arabesques4 ,! pa9t+s are 9 blue1 ^u a v pure :ite enamel4 ,9 ! succe$+ /yles ! c5tre sc5es aft] ,tempe/a 7 ab&on$4 ,"o piece has 9 ! c5tre a small m$allion repres5t+ ,diana1 ! huntress1 equipp$ = ! *ase & accompani$ by h] dogs4 ,surr\nd+ x are arabesques1 grotesque figures1 heads1 bu/s1 & amor9i1 & = an out] bord] !re is a n>r[ edg+ ( ! lace-l patt]n ( ,r\54 ,ol]y 7,fig4 #bcf7 seems to h ab&on$ entirely ! /yles ( ,cl]issy4 ,he enri*$ 8 palette ) violet1 gre51 br[n1 & yell[1 & revell$ 9 floral decoration4 ,heavy wrea?s ( fl[]s surr\nd+ a s]ies ( m$allions1 ) b\quets betwe51 =m a deep bord] = sc5es f my?ology & ! classics4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcf4--,m\/i]s ,fai5ce ,di%4 ,by ,ol]y4 ,int]c\rse aft]w>d oblit]at$ ! l9es betwe5 di/9ctive /yles4 ,ol]y w5t to ,spa91 & probably acquir$ !re 8 ta/e = poly*rome decoration 7,fig4 #bcg74 ,spani% arti/s accompani$ him on 8 return1 & work$1 no d\bt1 9 ! light ( _! national traditions2 & t[>d ! end ( ! c5tury x is impossible to recognize ! /yles ( ei!r individual arti/s or s*ools4 ,cl]issy's work%op 0 cont9u$ aft] 8 dea? by 8 p>tn]1 ,joseph ,f\que1 ^: family reta9s x to ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bcg4--,m\/i]s ,di%4 ,poly*rome4 ,alli$ to ,m\/i]s1 z repres5t+ ! art ( ,s\!rn ,france1 is ,m>seilles1 a city 9 e way favorably situat$ = ! prosecution ( ! fai5ce indu/ry4 ,( its e>li] works1 dat+ z f> back z ! fifte5? c5tury1 no?+ is kn[n2 b t[>d ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury a work%op 0 f\nd$1 9 :i* 0 made an au!nticat$ fai5ce4 ,! di/+ui%+ feature ( ! decoration is ! comb9ation ( violet f manganese ) cobalt blue4 ,! /yle be>s a g5]al resemblance to t ( ,m\/i]s1 & x is probable t ! works ( ! two factories are frequ5tly conf\nd$4 ,ab\t #agej ! ,m>seilles fai5ce 0 export$ 9 imm5se quantities2 & f t date1 :5 ! "n ( ,honor ,savy appe>s 9 ! li/ ( pott]s1 poly*rome decoration became m preval5t4 ,savy 01 9 #aggg1 on ! visit ( ! future ,l\is ,,xviii41 au?oriz$ to call 8 work%op 8,manufacture de ,monsieur1 ,frre du ,roi10 & is said to h !n adopt$ ! fleur-de-lis z 8 m>k4 ,! m>k alone _c1 h[ev]1 be accept$ z indicat+ ) absolute c]ta9ty a "w ( ,savy4 ,! same pott] is said to h inv5t$ a p>ticul> gre52 b x appe>s to h be5 common to ! o!r pott]s ( ,m>seilles1 z x is f\nd ^u pieces by ,joseph ,gasp>d ,rob]t & ,mme4 ,p]r94 ,rob]t ranks next to ,savy 9 fai5ce1 & 0 mak+ porcela9 at ! "t ( ! royal visit4 ,9 ,/rasburg we f9d ! orig9 ( a /yle ( fai5ce pa9t+ :i*1 al?\gh display+ unque/ionable excell5ce ( workman%ip1 0 c>ri$ to su* an ext5t t ! suitabl5ess ( ! decoration to ! e>!n-w>e body 0 completely lo/ sight (4 ,ref]5ce is made to ! porcela9 /yle1 by :i* decoration m prop]ly res]v$ = porcela9 0 appli$ to fai5ce4 ,! ,/rasburg pa/e is ( comp>ative f95ess1 ! glaze is excell5t1 & ! colors brilliant4 ,! fir/ factory 0 e/abli%$ by ,*>les ,franois ,hannong 9 #agji4 ,9 #agba ,hannong associat$ himself ) a ,g]man pott] f ,anspa*1 nam$ ,wack5field1 & 9 #agbd />t$ a second work%op at ,hagu5au4 ,! latt] ultimately fell to ,bal?as> ,hannong1 a son ( ,*>les2 & ! ,/rasburg e/abli%m5t 0 c>ri$ on by ano!r son1 ,paul ,anto9e4 ,! latt] work$ indu/ri\sly1 & br\ght ! e/abli%m5t up to a v high position4 ,on 8 dea?1 9 #agfj1 x 0 c>ri$ on by 8 son ,pi]re ,anto9e1 :o transf]r$ x to ,joseph ,adam1 8 bro!r1 & 9 #aghj ! production ceas$4 ,! be/ p]iod 0 t betwe5 #agdj & #agfj1 :5 ,paul ,anto9e 0 proprietor4 ,! places m5tion$1 ,nev]s1 ,r\51 ,m\/i]s1 ,m>seilles1 & ,/rasburg1 are ! c5tres f :i* emanat$ ! lead+ old /yles ( decoration4 ,an exact classification is impossible1 s9ce1 z ,m>seilles fai5ce (t5 be>s a /rik+ resemblance to t ( ,m\/i]s1 ! works ( ,/rasburg1 on ! o!r h&1 are closely relat$ to ^? f ,m>seilles4 ,aft] !m comes a c5tre1 m int]e/+ because v rec5tly arriv+ at em95ce1 f :i* has emanat$ a /yle diff]5t f t ( any ( its pr$ecessors4 ,limoges is z yet sc>cely kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( pott]y1 al?\gh !re is a probability1 almo/ am\nt+ to a c]ta9ty1 t x w h]eaft] be accept$ z "o ( ! lead+ repres5tatives ( ! c]amic art ( ,france 9 our day4 ,we f9d1 9 #agcg1 a decree grant$ 9 favor ( ,sieur ,massie1 emp[]+ him to e/abli% a work%op ( fai5ce at ,limoges4 ,! discov]y ( kaol9 at ,/4 ,yrieix appe>s to h direct$ ! att5tion ( pott]s f fai5ce to porcela94 ,"o piece ( ! ,massie p]iod1 dat$ #agda1 is n[ 9 ,limoges4 ,a bord]1 resembl+ ^? ( ,m\/i]s1 surr\nds ! figure ( ,ju/ice en?ron$ & hold+ ! sword & scales4 ,religion1 ,tru?1 & ,law att5d h]1 & ,crime is cru%$ "u h] foot4 ,o!r equally rem>kable pieces may be 9 exi/5ce1 b ,limoges n[h]e appe>s 9 ! records z produc+ any fai5ce ( importance or ( a v high ord] ( art4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s ! aspect ( affairs has *ang$1 & ! ,havil&s ( ,new ,york h made = ,limoges--9 conjunction ) ,auteuil1 ne> ,p>is1 :]e mu* ( ! m\ld+ & decorat+ is execut$--a place 9 ! hi/ory ( pott]y z l(ty z t :i* x occupies 9 ! hi/ory ( enamell+4 ,not)/&+ all t has be5 said ( ,s>ac5ic & ,italian decoration1 we believe t x 0 res]v$ = ,havil& to %[ ! real decorative capacity ( fai5ce1 & to demon/rate ! possible h>mony betwe5 decoration & its excipi5t4 ,= a long "t ,limoges 0 kn[n solely z a seat ( ! porcela9 indu/ry4 ,x 0 9 ?is way t ,am]icans fir/ became famili> ) its "n4 ,:5 ! "t came = ,havil& to turn 8 att5tion to fai5ce ! *ange above ref]r$ to set 94 ,he did m ?an m]ely in/itute a revival ( an obscure indu/ry4 ,:ile ,montagnon ( ,nev]s 0 foll[+ closely 9 ! track ( 8 pr$ecessors1 & o!r manufactur]s1 bo? ,fr5* & ,italian1 7 busy ) imitations ( dead /yles1 ,havil& set a gigantic task be=e himself1 & x is to ! cr$it ( ,am]icans t !y h be5 among ! readie/ to appreciate 8 works & to enc\rage 8 ef=ts4 ,8 fai5ce is rem>kable by reason ( its comb9+ ?ree v important qualities--novelty ( process1 orig9ality ( decoration1 & ! /r5g? ( draw+ & color :i* are mo/ p]fectly 9 keep+ ) ! mat]ial on :i* !y appe>4 ,we h already po9t$ out ! difficulties ) :i* arti/s on clay h cont5d$4 ,! action ( ! fire made ! result1 9 s f> z ! color+ is conc]n$1 always m or less ( a problem4 ,too mu* or too little heat *ang$ ! entire aspect ( ! piece4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 we f9d 9 ,italy & else:]e great pa9t]s furni%+ designs = ! decoration ( pott]y1 we seldom f9d !m actually engag$ ^u ! w>e itself4 ,arti/s naturally pref] ! m$ium :i* pres]ves _! individuality ( t\* & f9i%4 ,?is p]sonality ! fire de/roy$4 ,all t 0 di/9ctive ( ! individual palette & bru% vani%$ "u ! heat4 ,:at ! exact nature ( ! ,havil&s' new process & ! composition ( _! palette may be we h n ! means ( discov]+4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 t ! pa9t+ is laid ^u ! clay be=e x is fir$1 t ! piece is !n glaz$1 & is aft]w>d bak$ = betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty h\rs4 ,body1 glaze1 & colors are !re=e subject$ to ! fire toge!r4 ,! glaze is alkal9e1 & is simil> 9 its g5]al "* to t us$ on pate t5dre porcela94 ,we ne$ n inquire into ! prep>ation ( ! colors4 ,x is claim$ t ! possession ( ! latt] br+s ! result ( any op]ation )9 su* b\nds t x c be calculat$ ) a reasonable approa* to c]ta9ty4 ,let x be fully und]/ood :at ?is implies4 ,x means t ) palette practically unlimit$1 any arti/ c apply himself to ! decoration ( e>!n-w>e1 & f9d 8 "w em]g+ f ! furnace /amp$ z cle>ly ) ! individuality ( 8 design & execution z if he _h appli$ x to a pa9t+ ^u a panel or canvas4 ,among ! arti/s engag$ ^u ! ,havil& fai5ce are ,m4 & ,mme4 ,bracquemond1 ,,mm4 ,l9d5eh]1 ,noel1 ,*aplet1 ,dam\sse1 ,lafond1 & ,delaplan*e4 ,) ,messrs4 ,*aplet1 ,laur91 & ,lafond1 ! new enamell+ process may be said to h accid5tally orig9at$ at ,b\rg-la-,re9e 9 #ahgc1 & ,m4 ,bracquemond 0 ! fir/ to appreciate its value & to br+ x "u ! notice ( ! ,messrs4 ,havil&4 ,! latt] at once saw its m]it1 & by f>!r exp]im5t & ! use ( ! res\rces at _! comm&1 br\ght x to p]fection4 ,! works ( _! arti/s h made ,am]ica z famili> ) _! fai5ce z x =m]ly 0 ) _! porcela94 ,! process hav+ be5 discov]$1 ! second /ep 0 ! adoption ( a /yle4 ,"h we meet ) a peculi>ity ( ! w>e4 ,we speak ( s*ools ( pa9t+1 & our language implies a limitation1 a peculi>ity ( te*nique4 ,all arti/s :o foll[ nature closely mu/ ne$s belong to ! same s*ool4 ,_! success 9 ! reproduction ( natural effects is a bond ( union1 :i* br+s !m toge!r across ! b\nd>ies ( special me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,ea* ( ,havil&s' arti/s may h 8 specialty1 b we f9d no broad divid+ l9es4 ,_! subjects are tak5 f nature or f imag9ation1 :i* is only a wid] field bas$ ^u ! natural4 ,! sympa?y betwe5 !m lies 9 ! new s5se ( ! capabilities ( _! art4 ,! bru% is wield$ ) a /rong] h&1 & ! designs appe> bold]1 at times almo/ reckless4 ,!re is no /riv+ aft] :at might be call$ 8prett9ess ( /yle40 ,:]e we h be5 accu/om$ to re/ra9t we f9d l>g5ess & lib]ty4 ,!re are no long] m9ute divisions ( surfaces to be cov]$ 9 detail ) graceful precision1 b designs ( full arti/ic complet5ess & /rong simplicity4 ,color is appli$ ) a comm5surate boldness1 :i* c>ries ! conviction t "h at la/ we f9d a decoration suit$ to its basis ( e>!n-w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bch4--,memorial ,vase4 ,havil& ,fai5ce4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itute47 ,a rec5t visitor to ! work%op ( ,havil& ,co41 ne> ,p>is1 :]e mu* ( _! fai5ce is pa9t$1 ?us describes :at he saw3 8,:ile 9 ,p>is1 ,i /udi$ ! way 9 :i* ! vases are pa9t$1 & 0 surpris$ to f9d :at an am\nt ( c>e is exp5d$ ^u !m4 ,!y dem& m exact treatm5t ?an ,*9a or ,engli% fai5ce4 ,! arti/ works z if ! mat]ial 7 canvas4 ,a b\quet ( fl[]s1 = in/ance1 is m9utely pa9t$1 & ! %ades ( ! gr\nds are all c>efully /udi$4 ,no?+ is left to *ance4 ,dur+ ! process ( fir+ ev]y?+ fuses1 & x is !n t ! appe>ance ( boldness is produc$4 ,if a vase 7 pa9t$1 z on a cursory exam9ation x appe>s to be1 ) a bold bru% & c>eless h&1 ! result w\ld be a m]e daub ( no value4 ,! peculi> tal5t ( ! arti/s consi/s 9 produc+ an effect ( boldness & c>elessness ) a great deal ( "w & a close imitation ( nature4 ,c\ld all ! "w actually be/[$ ^u "o ( ^! vases1 & z x c be se5 be=e fir+1 be se5 aft] fir+1 ! fai5ce ( ,limoges w\ld resemble t ( ,engl& or any o!r pott]y :i* is pa9t$ on ! glaze4 ,b ! process is diff]5t1 & aft] ! fir+ ! detail ( ! "w melts away1 leav+ beh9d t fasc9at+ h>mony ( colors :i* has nev] be=e be5 produc$ on any pott]y4 ,no?+ has z yet be5 inv5t$ to replace "w & c>e2 & :5 any?+ y may see pres5ts some?+ pleas+1 be c]ta9 t bo? h be5 lavi%$ ^u x4 ,no writ+ or music seems s easy to imitate z t :i* _c be imitat$2 & x is ! "p ( a good au?or to conceal ! me?od he employs40 ,!re are n[ 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute at ,wa%+ton ?ree pieces ( ,havil& fai5ce :i* may be tak5 z exemplify+ mu* ( :at has be5 said4 ,^! are ! ,memorial ,vases 7,fig4 #bch7 & ,bracquemond's tile-piece allegoriz+ ,human ,progress4 ,let u take ! vases fir/4 ,!y are ! jo9t productions ( ,,mm4 ,bracquemond1 design]1 & ,delaplan*e1 sculptor1 & are int5d$ to commemorate ! ,c5t5nial ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4 ,! broad & easily und]/ood conception is int5sely ,am]ican1 & 01 9 fact1 due to ,am]ican inspiration4 ,!y fitly /& 9 ! capital1 n only z la/+ memorials ( ! hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ,am]ica's entrance into ! great commonweal? ( nations1 b z a congratulatory complim5t f ! c]amic arti/s ( ,france4 ,view$ 9 ! light ( hi/ory & ( hi/orical usage1 !y bo? acquire a fre% int]e/1 & are bett] und]/ood4 ,!y are exceptions1 9 ! idea !y repres5t1 to ! myriad ornam5tal vases :i* load our cab9ets & %elves4 ,we h already se5 t1 f ! mo/ anci5t days ( ,egypt d[nw>d1 vases 7 employ$ = ! conveyance ( religi\s s5tim5ts4 ,! ,*9ese foll[$ ! same c\rse1 & jo9$ ) x ! cu/om ( us+ pott]y z a rew>d1 or = ! purpose ( conf]r+ a m>k ( imp]ial di/9ction ^u (fic]s des]v+ well ( ! /ate4 ,vases 7 also made ! m$ia betwe5 fri5ds = ! conveyance ( complim5ts or congratulations4 ,we might1 9 ?is connection1 rev]t once m to ! ,greeks1 :o c>ri$ ! ,ori5tal practice /ill f>!r4 ,by t p vases 71 z we h se51 us$ z prizes1 z w$d+ pres5ts1 z pl$ges ( love or fri5d%ip1 ! leg5ds !y be> enabl+ u at ?is di/ant day to li/5 to ! :isp]+s ( passions :i* burn$ & di$ ov] two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,we also f9d su* commemorative vases z t :i* be>s ! leg5d1 8,! beautiful horse1 twice conqu]or at ! ,py?ian games40 ,on _m o!rs are inscrib$ ! names ( ! great m5 ( antiquity1 its k+s & its poets4 ,"s ( ^! belong to times po/]ior to ^? 9 :i* ! p]sons !y 7 int5d$ to honor liv$1 & may1 !re=e1 be call$ commemorative 9 ! same mann] z /atues4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages we f9d ! same usage m widely preval5t4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! arti/s ( ,france decid$ ^u commemorat+ ! ,am]ican ,c5t5nial1 !y _h1 z a prec$5t = mak+ a memorial di/9ctive ( _! art1 ! usage ( ! pott]s ( all c\ntries back to ! mo/ remote times4 ,9 reg>d to design & decoration1 ^! vases w be> consid]ation 9 detail4 ,!re is "o v l>ge class ( ,greek vases :i* repres5t :at we h call$ ! union ( pott]y & sculpture4 ,9 "o we h ! helmet$ head ( ,pallas ,a!ne surm\nt$ by a figure ( ,nike1 or ,victory4 ,on o!rs are ,tritons be>+ ,n]eds1 ,m$usa's head1 p5nate figures1 & ! w+$ /e$s ( ,aurora4 ,! arti/ _h no ?\ght ( utility to hamp] him 9 design+ accessories4 ,x is said t ,m4 ,bracquemond1 :ile 9 ! ,l\vre1 0 attract$ by "o ( ! ,grecian vases ( ?is class f\nd 9 ,apulia 7see ,fig4 #afg74 ,! /yle is full ( gr&eur & pomp4 ,! =m ( ! vase w\ld be heavy & clumsy 7 its outl9e unreliev$ by ! decorat+ figures4 ,on ! neck /&s a div9ity 9 graceful drap]y4 ,l[] d[n1 on ! sides1 are two /atuettes ( deities1 & on ei!r side ( ,m9]va's head surm\nt$ by ,nike 9 front are two ,tritons1 ) _! horse-feet paw+ ! air4 ,?is vase sugge/$ to ,m4 ,bracquemond a design = ! ,memorial ,vases 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,all t he ?us d]iv$1 h[ev]1 0 m]ely a sugge/ion4 ,! details ( ! design may be ga!r$ f a description ( ! vases !mselves4 ,"o is int5d$ to repres5t ! ye> 9 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates won indep5d5ce2 ! o!r ! hundr$? anniv]s>y ( t ev5t4 ,betwe5 !m is a :ole c5tury ( hi/ory4 ,! vase 8#aggf0 rises f a base consi/+ ( gre5i%1 foamy waves1 la%+ angrily aga9/ rocks surm\nt$ by a circlet ( cannon modell$ aft] ! ordnance ( ,revolution>y times4 ,9 ?is we h ! :ole /ory ( ! /ruggle = indep5d5ce1 & ( ! turmoil & confusion ( ! /rife4 ,x is wor? not+ t ?is symbolical use ( ! wave ornam5tation is /rictly classical4 ,:5 ! pott]s ( ,greece s\ght a symbol ( caprice & mutation1 !y c\ld f9d none m expressive ?an ! foam-cre/$ waves ( ! sea4 ,f ! cannon ! body ( ! vase swells gracefully outw>d1 & atta9s its wide/ gir? ne> ! top1 :]e x curves rapidly inw>d to ! upp] rim4 ,! orifice is clos$ by a />-cov]$ dome ( blue1 f ei!r side ( :i* spr+ /atuettes ( ,fame & ,victory4 ,on a p$e/al on ! rim 9 front /&s a bu/ ( ,wa%+ton1 modell$ by ,h\don1 aft] "o =m]ly own$ by ,lafayette1 & n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! ornam5tation on ! body is simple & expressive4 ,gre5 fronds cross ea* o!r above ! cannon1 & small] bran*es & />s are spr9kl$ ov] ! :ole surface4 ,on ! front is ! ,am]ican eagle ) out/ret*$ w+s1 ) ! national colors on ei!r side4 ,above x1 & imm$iately "u ! bu/ ( ,wa%+ton1 9 small gilt lett]s1 are ! names ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,! base ( ! ,c5t5nial vase1 8#ahgf10 symbolizes peace & prosp]ity by means ( fruit1 c]eals1 & ! implem5ts ( husb&ry4 ,above ! eagle1 9 place ( ! names ( ! sign]s ( ! ,decl>ation1 are ^? ( ! ,presid5ts1 f ,wa%+ton to ,grant1 & ! surm\nt+ bu/ repres5ts ,columbia4 ,9 o!r respects ! two vases are alike4 ,! /ory !y tell is pla91 & = e obs]v] to read4 ,out ( ! /ruggle ( a hundr$ ye>s ago h come lib]ty1 peace1 & prosp]ity4 ,! design] 0 expos$ to dang]s :i* he has cop$ ) successfully4 ,he has a*iev$ some?+ grateful to ,am]ican patriotism )\t ?r[+ orig9ality aside4 ,! ,am]ican flag1 ! eagle1 ,wa%+ton1 & ! ,goddess ( ,lib]ty1 compose a gr\p :i*1 b = _! arti/ic comb9ation1 might h be5 view$ ) ! indiff]5ce begott5 ( famili>ity4 ,z !y /&1 x becomes h>d to conceive h[ o!rwise1 9 equally intelligible language1 a great hi/orical ev5t c\ld h be5 commemorat$ 9 ! ev]la/+ record suppli$ by clay4 ,!y are records1 & n m]e ornam5ts4 ,!y mirror ! fir/ c5tury ( ,am]ica's life z a nation4 ,!y tell all or ne>ly all t hi/ory c tell ( ! passage f ! /ruggle ( #aggf to ! prosp]ity ( #ahgf4 ,! /ory ( _! =mation is int]e/+1 t ( "o apply+ to bo?4 ,! body 0 modell$ by ,m4 ,r5>d1 *ief modell] at ,svres4 ,he work$ incessantly on ! inside = ?irty-f\r h\rs )\t re/+ m ?an a few m9utes at a "t1 9 ord] t 8 "w might be f9i%$ be=e ! clay lo/ any ( its pla/icity by ! evaporation ( ! moi/ure4 ,:5 ?is op]ation 0 complet$ ! body 0 all[$ to dry = fifte5 days4 ,a kiln 0 !n built r\nd x1 its great size--! vases are twelve feet high1 & ! l>ge/ ev] made 9 ,europe--r5d]+ removal impossible4 ,x 0 fir$ = eight days at a l[ temp]ature1 & !n = ?ree days at a high degree ( heat1 & ! result ( ! /up5d\s "w 0 9 e way successful4 ,! furnace requir$ eight days to cool4 ,if any?+ m is ne$$ to enable u to e/imate ! imm5se labor involv$ 9 su* a "w1 x may be summ$ up 9 ?is1 t ^! vases dem&$ ?irte5 mon?s' "w ( "s ( ! able/ arti/s & pott]s ( ,france4 ,x is difficult to criticise !m ap>t f ! s5tim5t !y embody1 & :i* inve/s !m ) a nev]-fad+ int]e/4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a t\* ( g5ius to get away f imm$iate usage to a /yle ( ornam5tation ) :i* ! arti/s ( ,magna ,grcia & ,apulia embelli%$ _! vases4 ,x is ! /yle be/ suit$ to _! enorm\s size4 ,! enamel is appli$ only to ! ornam5tation1 ! body1 bu/s1 & /atuettes be+ all left unglaz$ & %[+ ! natural color ( ! clay4 ,e detail is made expressive1 :ile ! /ricte/ simplicity is reta9$4 ,! size ( ! "w =bade m9ute ornam5tation ( a symbolical "*1 & !re is ?us a h>mony betwe5 ! entire "w & ! details4 ,! colors are brilliant1 & ! g5]al effect1 ?\gh sombre1 is impos+ & f9e4 ,!y w be view$ h]eaft] ) increas+ int]e/1 z m>k+ ! revival ( an old complim5t>y usage "u p>ticul>ly gratify+ conditions2 & ! gr&eur & beauty ( ! art !y repres5t is n likely to be =gott5 9 ! contemplation ( ! s5tim5t !y express4 ,we turn to ! tile-piece 9 :i*1 ^u ne>ly a ?\s& tiles1 ,m4 ,bracquemond pres5ts 8 allegory ( ,human ,progress1 ) a m+l$ feel+ ( dislike & attraction4 ,x also /&s 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute4 ,! repell5t influ5ce is fir/ exp]i5c$1 & arises1 probably1 f an app>5t absurdity ( design & ! peculi> color+4 ,a figure ( gigantic size occupies ! c5tre1 trampl+ fire und]foot1 & hav+ a gre5i% bronze /atuette 9 ! "r h& & a vase 9 ! o!r4 ,on ! left are ! *imneys & smoke ( a factory1 & on ! opposite side is a railway tra94 ,a fla% ( lightn+ /rikes 9 f ! "r1 & above ! c5tral figure is ! recumb5t =m ( a woman p>tially envelop$ 9 cl\d4 ,! picture1 z we h said1 is allegorical1 & repres5ts ! g5ius ( man utiliz+ ! wat]s ( ! rebelli\s /ream & /orm1 ! fires ( ! volcano & lightn+1 & mak+ !m subs]vi5t to progress4 ,z x is m closely /udi$1 its true place 9 art is bett] und]/ood1 & we ultimately accept ! piece z an indication ( ! possibilities ( ,m4 ,bracquemond's art4 ,we feel t ano!r /age has be5 pass$ on ! way t[>d ! p]fect union ( ! pott]'s & pa9t]'s skill1 & t[>d ! picture 8p]man5t z ! ,pyramids0 ( :i* ,rusk9 writes4 ,_m ( ! o!r tile-pieces1 panels1 & plaques 7,fig4 #bci7 f ,limoges & ,auteuil are m absolutely excell5t4 ,on a circul> plaque appe>s a drap$ female head1 9 :i* ! fle% t9t1 cle> & ruddy1 is simply wond]ful4 ,! delicacy :i* x lacks is f\nd on two panels1 p]fect rural pictures1 ) s+le female figures4 ,^! pieces illu/rate ! f95ess ( l&scape effect & ! nicety ( t\* to :i* ! arti/ 9 possession ( ,havil&'s palette c atta94 ,! trees /& out well aga9/ ! sky1 its blue slightly %ad$ ) cl\dy gray2 & if we turn f ^! to ! figure-draw+1 ! arrangem5t ( ! drap]y1 ev5 ! f9i% ( ! embroid]y1 we feel t we are 9 pres5ce ( an art ( ! decorative & arti/ic capacity ( :i* we are only cat*+ ! fir/ glimpses4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bci--;,havil& ,fai5ce4 7,h4 ,havemey] ,coll47 ,if we pass n[ to ! vases ( ?is w>e1 we are /ruck by ! orig9ality ( _! %apes1 ! fre$om ( _! designs1 & ! rem>kable dep? & beauty ( _! color+4 ,!re is n[h]e visible any symptom ( ! n]v\s feel+ aft] a d\btful result *>act]i/ic ( an arti/ )\t confid5ce 9 himself & 8 process4 ,ev]y?+ indicates /r5g?1 assurance1 & p[]2 & if !re is weakness any:]e1 x is evid5tly ! result ( a boldness :i* is ov]-ha/y or too c>eless ( f9i% & detail4 ,we f9d no prec$5t = ! decoration4 ,x is z f> remov$ z possible f all t is associat$ ) ,*9a or ,japan1 f ! majolica ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,b]l91 f ! /one-w>e ( ,engl&1 or ! fai5ce ( ,sw$54 ,! =ms ( ! vases are ( b\ndless v>iety1 & sugge/ orig9ality by _! v multiplicity4 ,"o w\ld c>ry u back to ! pott]y ( anci5t ,gaul be=e x _h felt ! heavy h& ( ,rome4 ,ano!r recalls ! ,anglo-,saxon vases ( ,engl&4 ,a ?ird w\ld lead u1 9 se>*+ = a prec$5t1 to ! clumsy1 rotund urns ( anci5t ,g]many4 ,^! w\ld all be equally fanciful1 no d\bt2 & 9 t suspicion "o is confirm$ by ! exquisite =ms ( a small pi*et1 a qua9t c>d-receiv]1 & a vase ris+ to its slightly out-turn$ lip z gracefully z ! cup ( a fl[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdj4--;,havil& ,fai5ce4 7,g4 ,w4 ,gibson ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bda4--;,havil& ,fai5ce4 7,:itelaw ,reid ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdb4--,luna ,vase4 ,havil& ,fai5ce4 7,mrs4 ,william ,h4 ,dannat ,coll47 ,we may take a few examples 9 ord] to illu/rate ! decoration4 ,x consi/s ( pa9t+ on ! surface1 ( c>v$ figures 9 unglaz$ relief1 & ( =ms glaz$ & atta*$ to ! surface4 ,( ! fir/ ( ^! ! *oice is wide4 ,on "s appe> hunt+ dogs full ( life & action & 9 _m attitudes4 ,on ano!r is a ,cupid ) full-drawn b[1 rosy & *ubby1 & evid5tly b5t ^u deal+ a fatal w\nd4 ,on a ?ird is a nymph & satyr 7,fig4 #bda74 ,a f\r? %[s u a b>n-y>d pair1 a duck & drake1 ! latt] pre5+ himself 9 ! sun1 "u :i* 8 _m-hu$ plumage glitt]s ) a lu/re almo/ iridesc5t4 ,on a fif? a gayly fea!r$ op5-?roat$ song/] appe>s to be w>bl+ 8 ev5-song ^u a t9y spray4 ,fl[]s are pa9t$ ) all ! spl5dor ( nature1 & cl+ r\nd ! =ms ) gracefully sweep+ /em4 ,"o 9 p>ticul> is made attractive simply by its color1 a mottl$ gray1 into ! dep?s ( :i* we look z into ! cl\ds hang+ ov] ! c\* ( ! sun 9 ! e>ly morn+s ( summ]4 ,its beauty is 9 its sugge/iv5ess1 :i* /rikes u aga9 9 _m ( ! fl[]-wrea!d vases :]e !re are op5+s ( gre51 into :i* "o c look z into a =e/ glade4 ,! m9d creates :at ! eye _c see1 & ! glade is peopl$ ) be+s ^: =ms are nev] caught4 ,?is is1 no d\bt1 an example ( fancy help+ out ! arti/1 b ! arti/ is none ! less =tunate & skilful :o c ?us induce ! fancy to take w+4 ,he leaves h] room to take flight1 & ! vase he has decorat$ ) a simple fl[] becomes a poem sugge/+ f> m ?an x tells4 ,( ! vases %[+ unglaz$ c>v+s 9 bas-relief !re is a s+le pair1 suffici5t = illu/ration4 ,on "o is repres5t$ ,phbus1 ! gold5-hair$ god ( day1 & on ! o!r ! tri=m goddess ,luna4 ,phbus /&s ) b[ drawn full to ! %\ld]1 j z we picture him 9 ,hom]4 ,x w be rememb]$ t :5 ,lyrnessus 0 tak5 by ! ,greeks & ! spoils divid$1 ,*ryseis1 ! wife ( ! k+ ( ! captur$ place1 & daught] ( ,*ryses1 "o ( ! prie/s ( ,apollo1 fell to ! %>e ( ,agamemnon4 ,h] fa!r s\ght h] re/oration f ! 8k+ ( m510 & on 8 reque/ be+ refus$1 ask$ aid f ! god he s]v$4 ,we "h h ,apollo 9 ! attitude ( return+ an answ] to 8 suppliant prie/4 8,b5t 0 8 b[1 ! ,grecian he>ts to w\nd1 ,fi]ce1 z he mov$1 8 silv] %afts res\nd2 ,brea?+ rev5ge1 a sudd5 night he spread1 ,& gloomy d>kness roll$ ar\nd 8 head4 ,! fleet 9 view1 he twang'd 8 deadly b[1 ,&1 hiss+1 fly ! fea!r'd fates bel[4 ,on mules & dogs ! infection fir/ began1 ,& la/1 ! v5geful arr[s fix$ 9 man40 ,on ! companion vase 7,fig4 #bdb7 is ! figure ( ! goddess ( night1 ,luna1 ,diana1 or ,hecate1 9 h] "* ( ,luna1 ) ! cresc5t "u h] feet1 & ?r[+ back a mantle f h] graceful =m4 ,9 bo? vases ! beauty ( ! conception is skilfully c>ri$ out 9 ! execution4 ,! figures are admirably modell$1 &1 be+ ( a light pa/e & left unglaz$1 /& out 9 bold relief aga9/ ! gr\nd4 ,! d>+ ( ! latt] innovation is amply ju/ifi$ by ! result4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdc4--;,fai5ce ,vase4 7,mrs4 ,colonel ,t4 ,scott ,coll47 ,( ! ?ird class ( vases ) glaz$ ornam5ts appli$ to ! body !re are _m f9e specim5s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ *>m+ 7,fig4 #bdc7 is wrea!d by fl[] sprays tw9$ naturally & gracefully r\nd ! body4 ,! fl[] is 9 full bloom1 & its l>ge leaves are spread out above x & bel[4 ,= h&les !re are snakes turn+ 9 _! *angeless coil r\nd ! fl[] /em4 ,on ano!r ! h&les consi/ ( butt]flies beautifully m\ld$ & color$1 & plac$ z ?\gh !y might h be5 trans=m$ into clay z !y alight$ on ! vase4 ,ano!r1 ( small size & qua9tly rotund =m1 has a mass ( leaves & fl[]s 9 relief clu/]+ r\nd ! body4 ,a pit*] ) a s(t gray gr\nd is lightly ov]run ) an ivy bran*1 :i* tw9es itself r\nd ! neck & h&le z naturally z ! plant creeps up & w9ds itself r\nd ! /em ( a tree4 ,c any?+ be m simple ?an ! sugge/ions to :i* ^! creations are due8 ,d we ne$ to be rem9d$ ( ! fable :i* expla9s h[ ,callima*us 0 inspir$ to produce ! ,cor9?ian capital8 ,we are told t he 0 walk+ 9 ! c\ntry1 & z he travell$ he came to ! grave ( a *ild1 ^u :i*1 9 a basket1 "s relative--its "m1 probably--_h plac$ ! cu/om>y (f]+ ( food4 ,to keep (f ! birds & small animals1 a tile _h be5 laid ^u ! basket4 ,9 c\rse ( "t an acan?us appe>$2 & z x grew1 its /alk 0 press$ back by ! tile & turn$ r\nd spirally "u its edge4 ,no?+ m 0 ne$$4 ,callima*us f\nd 9 ! little basket on ! fl[]-gr[n grave a sugge/ion = ! ord] ( ar*itecture :i* has nev] be5 surpass$ to ?is day4 ,we h simil>ly1 9 ! fai5ce vases ( ,havil& n[ "u consid]ation1 con/ant h9ts ( inspiration drawn f ! simple/ =ms ( nature4 ,a bran* falls ^u a vase & becomes its ornam5t4 ,a butt]fly hangs = a mom5t on flutt]+ w+ & drops f its flight1 & x too becomes an ornam5t4 ,! workman leaves 8 unf9i%$ "w at night1 & :5 he returns at day-break1 f9ds t a liz>d or an asp has crept ^u ! /ill slimy vase to bask itself 9 ! fir/ rays ( ! morn+ sun4 ,x d>ts out ( sight1 b x has left an idea :i* appe>s 9 ! decoration2 & on ! spot f :i* x glid$ :5 di/urb$ a snake displays its spiral convolutions4 ,:]e b 9 nature %all we see any?+ sugge/ive ( su* decoration8 ,we d n f9d x 9 ,japan1 = ! symbolical & semi-imag9ative1 semi-reali/ic /yle ( ! extreme ,ea/ has no?+ 9 common ) ?is naturalism4 ,z little d we f9d x among ! brilliant colors & fanta/ic =ms ( ,p]sia4 ,if we come ne>] home1 to ,italy1 ev5 to ! ,fr5* c5tres we h already visit$1 !re is no?+ 9 _! classical sc5es & floral wrea?s & b\quets to prep>e u to f9d 9 ,limoges _! ord]ly successor4 ,9 a ^w1 ! /yle is orig9al4 ,!re is no cr[d+ ( t9ts = ! sake ( _! ri* beauty4 ,a s+le fl[] ly+ on a gr\nd ( "o prevail+ tone is suffici5t ornam5tation = a vase2 or a h&ful ( fl[]s may be scatt]$ ^u ! surface 9 tumbl$ pr(usion1 or wov5 into a wrea?4 ,havil& has ent]$ ^u a hi!rto undiscov]$ pa?1 & let u pray t he may nev] be tempt$ to try ! porcela9 decoration :i* ?reat5$ to ru9 fai5ce1 nor to give u any?+ m m]etrici\s ?an ! beauty ( a g>d5 fl[] or ( ! _m o!r admirably conceiv$ =ms :i* he has end[$ ) life4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdd4--;,havil& ,fai5ce4 7,miss ,cl>a ,l\ise ,kellogg ,coll47 ,! be/ pieces h be5 *os5 = comm5dation & to illu/rate ! highe/ results to be expect$ f ! new process4 ,x is unque/ionable1 h[ev]1 t !re are _m pieces ( ?is fai5ce :i* c\ld be dispos$ ( )\t seek+ words = ! expression ( en?usia/ic praise4 ,?is gives ^? desir+ specim5s e opportunity = ! ex]cise ( a judici\s discrim9ation4 ,9 "s pieces ! simultane\s melt+ ( ! color & glaze has result$ 9 a haz9ess ( outl9e & confusion ( colors by no means *>act]i/ic ( ! bett] examples4 ,on o!rs ) figure decoration ! draw+ has be5 completely de/roy$1 & ! figure left 9 obscurity4 ,^! inf]ior pieces are useful1 h[ev]1 = %[+ h[ c>eful mu/ be ! "w :i* produces ! bold effects secur+ our admiration4 ,:5 ,havil& took up ! process discov]$ by ,,mm4 ,*aplet1 ,laur91 & ,lafond1 at ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 he secur$ ! s]vices ( two ( ^! arti/s4 ,! ?ird1 ,m4 ,laur91 c>ri$ out ! process at ! place ( its discov]y4 ,_m ( ?is arti/'s works come to u be>+ 8 m>k & ! "n ( ! factory1 ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 9 full4 ,l t ( ,havil&1 8 "w is occasionally irregul>2 b1 z a rule1 x is entitl$ to v high comm5dation4 ,! fl[] decoration is extremely beautiful1 & :5 laid ^u a s(t gr\nd1 su* z ! gray1 :i* ,laur9 produces to p]fection1 is entitl$ to ne>ly all ! praise be/[$ ^u ! correspond+ works f ,havil&'s factory4 ,! ,b\rg-la-,re9e fai5ce is *iefly pa9t$ on ! flat1 & ! lead+ decoration consi/s ( fl[] & figure pa9t+4 ,we meet ) _m well-select$ subjects & mu* /rong & reali/ic treatm5t4 ,on "o vase appe> an eagle & a s]p5t on an excell5t gr\nd ( gray & blue1 ! =m] ( :i* is also employ$ ) f9e effect 9 a v>iety ( fl[] pieces4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bde4--;,b\rg-la-,re9e ,fai5ce4 7,g4 ,collamore47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdf4--;,b\rg-la-,re9e ,plaque4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,a v common mi/ake is made reg>d+ ?is fai5ce4 ,x is (t5 conf\nd$ ) t ( ,havil&1 al?\gh ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! two fabrics are obvi\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! m>ks c be consult$4 ,t ( ,limoges is /amp$ 8,h4 ,co40--or1 ,havil& ,co4--) or )\t ! place ( manufacture4 ,! arti/'s m>k also is g5]ally atta*$4 ,! ,b\rg-la-,re9e is m>k$ ei!r ) ! "n 8,laur90 or 8,b4-la-,r410 or ) bo?4 ,9 ! second place1 ! alkal9e glaze ( ! ,havil& fai5ce gives ! pa9t+s1 especially ( fl[]s1 a life-l appe>ance peculi> to itself4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t ! processes ( decoration are id5tical 9 e p>ticul>4 ,9 "o respect only !y are alike4 ,9 bo?1 ! colors are laid ^u ! unbak$ clay4 ,9 ! mix+ ( ! colors & 9 ! glaze !y are di/9ct4 ,laur9's decoration is h>d] 9 outl9e ?an ! ,limoges1 & nev] possesses ! m+l$ s(tness & /r5g? :i* con/itute ! great *>m ( ! latt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdg4--;,deck ,fai5ce4 7,corcoran ,art ,gall]y47 ,( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,b\rg-la-,re9e little ( g5]al int]e/ is kn[n4 ,x appe>s t ,julli5 & ,jacques ( ,m5necy f\nd$ a work%op !re ab\t ! ye> #aggc4 ,julli5 di$ 9 #aggd1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 son1 :o resign$ 8 %>e 9 ! bus9ess to ,jacques4 ,:5 ,jacques di$1 9 #agii1 8 son1 ,c4 ,s4 ,jacques1 cont9u$ ! fabrication4 ,at a lat] p]iod f9e :ite fai5ce 0 made4 ,x is ^u ,laur9 alone t1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! reputation ( ! place dep5ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdh4--;,deck ,bottle4 7,gilman ,collamore47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bdi4--;,deck ,vase4 7,gilman ,collamore47 ,! "n ( ,deck1 ( ,p>is1 br+s be=e u mu* t is beautiful 9 ! rec5t c]amics ( ,france4 ,= a long "t1 9 fact1 8 "n 0 suppos$ to repres5t ne>ly all t 0 excell5t 9 ! color & decoration ( ,european pott]y4 ,hav+ enri*$ 8 palette ) a weal? ( colors :i* made him ! envy ( 8 cotempor>ies1 he turn$ 8 att5tion to reviv+ ,ori5tal /yles 9 hues rivall+ ^? ( ! ,ea/4 ,he 0 fir/ attract$ to ,p]sia1 & ) m>vell\s skill appli$ 8 ri* enamel colors to ! reproduction ( ! fai5ce ( t c\ntry4 ,9 o!r cases he is manife/ly inspir$ by ,japanese art4 ,8 te*nical skill enables him to rea* widely v>i$ effects1 & s9ce to ?is are add$ tru?ful draw+ & a f9e ta/e 9 ! assortm5t ( t9ts1 we c easily und]/& 8 em95ce 9 ! art4 ,specim5s ( 8 be/ "w are comp>atively r>e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! fai5ce vase f ! ,corcoran ,art ,gall]y 7,fig4 #bdg7 is *>act]i/ic1 & is an excell5t example ( ,m4 ,deck's color+4 ,! gr\nd is a s(t yell[ or buff1 & ! plumage ( ! pheasant is brilliant & ri*4 ,! blue t9ts are especially f9e1 & ! glaze1 :i* is judg$ to be alkal9e1 gives ! color+ t peculi> s(tness :i* is f\nd 9 ! greate/ p]fection on pate t5dre4 ,!re is consid]able d\bt z to ! body us$ by ,deck4 ,x v>ies v mu* 9 diff]5t pieces1 approa*+ 9 "s cases ! h>dness & compactness ( porcela94 ,( ?is "* is ! bottle1 ,fig4 #bdh4 ,! gr\nd color ( ?is specim5 is a cle> blue1 & 9 x ! :ite blossoms appe> 9 ?ick clu/]s4 ,a vase & plaque1 ) a some:at simil>1 b possibly ev5 a f9] body1 are %[n at page #cbe 7,figs4 #bhj & #bha74 ,t giv5 "h 7,fig4 #bdi71 s+ul> alike 9 =m & color1 has a gr\nd ( undecid$ %ades ( br[n & yell[4 ,deck's violet is s(t & ri*1 approa*+ at times ! velvety violet ( ,*9a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bej4--;,col9ot ,fai5ce4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,! o!r names mo/ famili> to ,am]icans are ^? ( ,col9ot1 ,p>ville1 ,longwy1 ,creil1 ,s>reguem9es1 & ,mont]eau4 ,_! products illu/rate ! ta/e = ,ori5tal /yles :i* sprung up a few ye>s ago1 & to ! gratification ( :i* mu* ( ! +5uity ( ,fr5* mak]s has be5 devot$4 ,col9ot1 ( ,p>is1 has employ$ ) great skill color$ enamels 9 ! imitation ( ,japanese "w4 ,on "o cyl9drical vase 7,fig4 #bej7 he has laid 9 /rong relief1 ^u a d>k-buff gr\nd1 fl[]s & leaves exactly aft] ! models suppli$ by ,satsuma & ,kioto4 ,on o!r specim5s ! decoration is outl9$ ^u a :ite gr\nd1 & fill$ 9 ) enamel colors4 ,! me?od is productive ( a cle> h>dness ( outl9e1 b ! results are seldom unpleas+ & (t5 v attractive4 ,col9ot has succe$$ 9 obta9+ sev]al excell5t colors4 ,! vase 7,fig4 #bea7 is a ri* purple1 on :i* ! fl[]s are laid 9 :ite & gre54 ,! treatm5t is simil> to t ( ,deck1 b ! gr\nd is less brilliant & cle>4 ,col9ot also acquir$ consid]able reputation by 8 fai5ce ) color$ /annif]\s enamel4 ,we give an example 7,fig4 #beb7 ( 8 treatm5t ( l>ge pieces4 ,! gr\nd is a pale blue1 & ! m$allions are admirably pa9t$4 ,! color is subdu$ ?r\gh\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bea4--;,col9ot ,vase4 7,gilman ,collamore47 ,! ,creil work%op 0 e/abli%$ "s "t dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 probably ab\t #aghj1 by a numb] ( ,engli% pott]s4 ,its e>lie/ works appe> to h consi/$ *iefly ( s]vices ( a semi-porcelane\s pa/e4 ,! ,worce/] me?od ( transf]-pr9t+ & !n pa9t+ ! design 9 colors 0 adopt$1 & successfully h&l$4 ,! f\nd]s transf]r$ ! e/abli%m5t to ,le ,buf1 ,milliet ,co4 & ,de ,/4 ,criq ,co4 ,porcela9 0 made until #ahfj1 aft] :i* ! production 0 re/rict$ to ,engli% fai5ce4 ,! pa/e _c1 h[ev]1 be di/9ctly qualifi$1 z x v>ies f ! orig9al semi-porcela9 to cream-color$ w>e4 ,! latt] has a wide reputation1 bo? = its quality & its decoration "u ! glaze4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beb4--;,col9ot ,fai5ce4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,! ,mont]eau e/abli%m5t 01 l t ( ,creil1 f\nd$ by ,engli%m54 ,lett]s pat5t 7 grant$ on ,m>* #ae?1 #agge1 to ,cl>k1 ,%aw ,co41 to make ,engli% fai5ce & que5's-w>e4 ,! firm />t$ "u v favorable auspices1 receiv+ an annual all[ance ( #abjj francs = t5 ye>s1 probably = ! purpose ( naturaliz+ ! indu/ry4 ,its w>es help$ to ov]turn ! manufacture ( ,fr5* fai5ce1 & 7 imitat$ at sev]al places1 includ+ ,t\l\se & ,s>reguem9es4 ,9 #agij !re 7 two e/abli%m5ts at ,mont]eau4 ,z at ,creil1 ,m4 ,de ,/4 ,criq1 9 #ahaj1 acquir$ ! "r ( protection1 & 9 #ahbi assign$ x to ,lebuf ,!baut4 ,at ,longwy ! manufacture ( fai5ce 0 begun ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 :5 ,m4 ,hu>t de ,nor?comb 0 proprietor ( a work%op4 ,its "n is n[ f\nd ^u _m excell5t specim5s ( fai5ce ) color$ /annif]\s enamel4 ,9 ! bottle & tray 7,fig4 #bec7 a ri* effect is produc$ by ! employm5t ( two %ades ( blue 9 ! scaly gr\nd4 ,! oval m$allions & o!r ornam5tation are yell[1 ) leaves & fl[]s 9 gre5 & p9k4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ examples we h se5 f ?is factory1 :i* is "o ( ! l>ge/ ( its k9d 9 ,france4 ,! pit*] 7,fig4 #bed7 has a gr\nd ( undecid$ v pale yell[1 & ! leaves1 fl[]s1 & birds are v>i\sly color$4 ,our ?ird specim51 an oval plaque 7,fig4 #bee71 has1 9 its design & ! brilliancy ( its color+1 a decid$ly ,ori5tal appe>ance4 ,9 ! o!r examples ! gr\nd is brok5 up by a crackle m or less op5 & irregul>2 b 9 ! plaque ! :ite enamel is ve9$ ) f9e & regul> d>kly color$ cracks1 :i* br+ ! gr\nd to a s(t & pleas+ gray4 ,! fl[]s are r$ & p9k1 & ! foliage gre51 turn+ at times to blue4 ,! bird is brightly plumag$ ) blue & o!r colors4 ,9 ?is z 9 ! o!r pieces1 ! gr\nd alone is crackl$1 & ! decoration has ! appe>ance ( be+ grav$ 9 ! enamel & !n fill$ 9 ) ! requisite colors4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bec--,longwy ,fai5ce4 7,gilman ,collamore47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bed4--,longwy ,fai5ce4 ,crackle4 7,g4 ,collamore47 ,p>ville1 ( ,p>is1 makes enamell$ fai5ce ( ! same g5]al description2 & ! vase *os5 to repres5t x 7,fig4 #bef7 des]ves att5tion bo? = ! peculi>ity ( its =m & = ! illu/ration x gives ( a ,fr5* modification ( ! ,p]sian /yle ( decorat+4 ,! gr\nd is a dull & sombre %ade ( d>k-blue1 ^u :i* ! ornam5tation is laid 9 light-blue1 :ite1 r$1 & two %ades ( yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bee4--,longwy ,fai5ce4 ,crackle4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bef4--,p>ville ,fai5ce4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,gi5 fai5ce1 l ^? ( ,creil & ,mont]eau1 belongs to ! class ( w>e ) a colorless plumbif]\s glaze1 & its decoration is (t5 rem>kable bo? 9 design & color4 ,9 ! vase ) :i* we repres5t ?is fai5ce 7,fig4 #beg7 ! design is outl9$ on ! biscuit1 & ! colors are !n appli$4 ,! e>li] products ( ,gi5 are said to be imitations ( ! /yles ( ,m>seilles4 ,a m arti/ic fai5ce1 resembl+ ! ,gi51 is made by ,m4 ,elysse at ,blois1 9 ! old ,italian /yles ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,! ,s>reguem9es factory 0 f\nd$ 9 #aggj1 by ,paul ,utz*neid]1 & is n[ c>ri$ on "u ! firm ( ,utz*neid] ,co4 ,x turns out bo? fai5ce & porcela94 ,figures & gr\ps 9 porcela9 biscuit & artificial porcela9 are made4 ,! factory is also kn[n by a f9e :ite /one-w>e4 ,9 ! f9e fai5ce ( ,s>reguem9es1 c]ta9 works may be f\nd :i* are1 9 _m respects1 ! mo/ extraord9>y ( ! pres5t "t4 ,imitations ( jasp]1 m>ble1 granite1 & porphyry1 are produc$ ( ! mo/ beautiful description1 & o!r pieces resemble ! jasp]-w>e ( ,w$gwood1 ) :ite decoration on a blue gr\nd4 ,! vase 7,fig4 #beh7 c h>dly be describ$ 9 words4 ,among ! v>i$ cont5ts ( ,mr4 ,collamore's collection1 x is p]fectly unique4 ,! gr\nd is a deep & brilliant black1 ^u :i* ! decoration is laid 9 :ite1 gold1 & blue1 dott$ ) drops ( jewel-l enamels4 ,! h&les are blue & gold4 ,! design c be di/9ctly foll[$ 9 ! engrav+1 b ev5 a color$ plate c\ld h>dly d ju/ice to ! enamels1 or give an idea ( ! g5]al effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beg4--;,gi5 ,fai5ce4 7,davis ,collamore ,coll47 ,ni$]vill] has made fai5ce 9 ! ,/rasburg /yle s9ce at lea/ ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ab\t #agfj 0 produc+ pieces ) delicate fl[] pa9t+s4 ,x 0 !n "u ! patronage ( ,b>on de ,bey]l1 & aft]w>d ( ,c\nt ,cu/9e1 "u ^: proprietor%ip ! porcela9 /yle 0 f>!r develop$4 ,a curi\s specim5 is giv5 by ,jacquem>t1 9 :i* ! gr\nd ( ! plate is pa9t$ to imitate wood1 & 9 ! c5tre is a res]vation simulat+ a %eet ( :ite pap] ) a l&scape 9 p9k4 ,9 #agfh ! ,b>on de ,bey]l 0 mak+ a good quality ( porcela9 f ,g]man mat]ial4 ,"u ,c\nt ,cu/9e1 ,franois ,lanfrey 0 engag$ z manag]4 ,*>les ,sauvage1 or ,lemire1 made small figures & gr\ps 9 biscuit1 & ,cyffl also execut$ "s ( 8 works at ,ni$]vill]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #beh--,s>reguem9es ,fai5ce4 7,g4 ,collamore47 ,! "n ( ?is arti/1 ,paul ,l\is ,cyffl1 is1 h[ev]1 m intimately associat$ ) ,luneville4 ,! fai5ce work%op ( ,luneville 0 f\nd$ ab\t #agbi1 by ,jacques ,*ambrette4 ,9 #aggh x 0 acquir$ by ,kell] ,gur94 ,! /yles ( ,nev]s & ,/rasburg 7 bo? successfully foll[$4 ,x 0 "h t ,cyffl made 8 /atuettes ( f9e 8t]re de ,lorra9e40 ,9 ! same di/rict are ! factories ( ,nancy & ,/4 ,clem5t4 ,! =m] produc$ fai5ce 9 #aggd1 & a peculi> k9d ( biscuit :i* takes its "n f ! place4 ,! factory 0 f\nd$ by ,nicolas ,lelong4 ,v little is kn[n ( ! ,/4 ,clem5t works1 ?\gh !y are said to h be5 9 op]ation 9 #agej4 ,9 #ahce !y 7 "u ! director%ip ( ,m4 ,aubry4 ,bo? ,luneville & ,/4 ,clem5t h be5 m rec5tly kn[n by _! /annif]\s fai5ce4 ,/4 ,am& holds an important position 9 ! hi/ory ( ,fr5* art4 ,x is "o ( ! places1 includ+ ,lille1 ,dunkirk1 ,val5ci5nes1 & ! o!r fai5ce-produc+ t[ns ( ,fl&]s1 :i* enabl$ ,france to dome/icate1 9 a measure1 ! manufacture ( w>e resembl+ t ( ,delft4 ,! pa/e ( ^! fai5ces is id5tical ) t us$ 9 ! great ,dut* e/abli%m5t1 ) :i* !y v soon came into competition4 ,! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,am& ext5ds f #agdj d[n to ! ,revolution4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,pi]re ,joseph ,fauquez1 0 cont9u$ by 8 son1 ,pi]re ,franois ,joseph1 until #aggc1 & by 8 gr&son1 ,jean ,bapti/e ,joseph1 until ! ,revolution4 ,! e>li] /yle ( decoration is bas$ ^u t ( ,r\52 ! second is aft] t ( ,/rasburg4 ,"o ( ! di/+ui%+ features ( ?is fai5ce is ! use ( :ite enamel 9 relief ^u ! glaze1 :i* is fa9tly t+$ ) blue4 ,hav+ already t\*$ ^u a few ( ! lead+ names ( mod]n ,p>is1 !re yet rema9s to be said some?+ ( its previ\s hi/ory4 ,! relics discov]$ )9 ! city belong to e p]iod1 f ! ,roman d[nw>d2 & x may !re=e be said t ! metropolitan pott]s h be5 z busy1 comp>atively speak+1 9 ! pa/ z !y are to-day4 ,fai5ce 0 made f ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ,rv]5d 01 9 #affd1 mak+ imitations ( ,delft1 8?91 ) a :ite enamel1 ) cle> poly*rome colors1 (t5 excessively pure40 ,?is is ,m4 ,jacquem>t's description4 ,not)/&+ ! privilege accord$ to ,rv]5d1 _m o!r work%ops appe> to h made fai5ce ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & x is g5]ally impossible to tell !m f ! w>es ( ,r\5 & else:]e1 :i* !y imitat$4 ,arti/ic fai5ce 0 made at ,sceaux = ab\t =ty-five ye>s previ\s to #agie1 by ,*apelle & ,glot successively4 ,gros-,caill\1 ,/4 ,d5is1 ,v9c5nes1 ,/4 ,cl\d1 & ,svres 7 all m or less engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( fai5ce4 ,we f9d ,pi]re ,anto9e ,hannong1 f ,/rasburg1 at ,v9c5nes 9 #agfg1 b he met ) little success4 ,!re are _m o!r places at :i* fai5ce 0 made1 "s1 l ,nantes1 ,bordeaux1 & ,orleans1 ( importance1 & o!rs ( :i* little is kn[n besides _! names4 ,a li/ ( !m w\ld add no?+ to our real k ( ,fr5* art1 :i* has be5 *iefly influ5c$ by ! /yles ( :i* we h mo/ fully treat$4 ,to ! acc\nts ( !m has be5 add$ all t c\ld be le>n$ reg>d+ ,limoges1 ,creil1 ,s>reguem9es1 & a few ,p>isian & o!r work%ops especially int]e/+ to ! collectors ( ! pres5t day4 ,,porcela94 ,ef=ts to ,make ,porcela94--,fir/ ,artificial ,porcela94--,/4 ,cl\d4--,lille4--,p>is4--,*antilly1--,m5 necy4--,v9c5nes4--,svres4--,natural1 or ,h>d1 ,porcela94--,discov]y ( ,kaol94--,v>i\s ,factories4--,limoges4--,deck4--,regnaul t4--,solon4--,pate ,*angeante4--,pate-sur-,pate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bei4--,/4 ,cl\d ,porcela9 ,salt-cell>4 7,jacquem>t ,coll47 ,we h already se5 t ! discov]y ( artificial porcela9 prec$$ t ( natural1 or kaol9ic1 porcela94 ,9 treat+ ( ! fai5ce ( ,r\51 we quot$1 f ! lett]s pat5t grant$ to ,l\is ,pot]at on ! #ca/ ( ,octob]1 #afgc1 a passage to %[ t he m$itat$ ! production ( porcela9 simil> to ! ,*9ese4 ,a privilege 0 also grant$ to ,claude ,rv]5d1 ( ,p>is1 9 #affd1 :i* be>s t he possess$ ! secret ( mak+ a 8c\nt]feit porcela91 z f9e & f9] ?an t :i* comes f ! ,ea/ ,indies40 ,all t ,rv]5d a*iev$ 0 a v f9e fai5ce2 & ,pot]at1 hav+ met ) success z a mak] ( fai5ce1 probably r5\nc$ ! prosecution ( ! se>* = porcela91 al?\gh he may be said to h arriv$ at or v ne> success4 ,! fir/ ,fr5* artificial1 or s(t1 porcela9 kn[n to comm]ce 0 t made by ! ,*icanneau family at ,/4 ,cl\d 9 #afie 7,fig4 #bei74 ,x is fir/ notic$ by ,m>t9 ,li/]1 a travell]1 9 #afih4 ,h5ry ,tr\1 hav+ m>ri$ ! wid[ ( ,pi]re ,*icanneau1 became head ( ! manufactory ( ,/4 ,cl\d2 & a family qu>rel hav+ tak5 place1 ,m>ie ,moreau1 wid[ ( "o ( ! ,*icanneaus1 e/abli%$ h]self 9 ,p>is4 ,! e>lie/ m>ks ( ,/4 ,cl\d porcela9 are ! sun & ! lett]s ,s4 ,c4 & ,t41 ! =m] dat+ f #agjb to #agae1 ! latt] f #agae to #agcj4 ,! sun 0 ! device ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & ! lett]s aft]w>d us$ 7 ! initials ( ,/4 ,cl\d & ,tr\4 ,! pa/e 0 close & :ite1 & ! glaze unev54 ,! decoration soon became v>i$ 9 "*1 "s pieces1 ) birds & fl[]s 9 relief1 resembl+ ! ,*9ese1 & o!rs ( ,fr5* patt]ns 9 blue1 ) arabesques or lace bord]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfj4--,v9c5nes ,porcela9 ,cool]4 7,duke de ,m>t9a ,coll47 ,! attempts ( ,pot]at & ,rv]5d1 & ! m p]fect success ( ,*icanneau1 indicate ! preval5ce ( ! desire to solve ! my/]y ( ,*9ese porcela94 ,exp]im5ts 7 be+ conduct$ almo/ ev]y:]e1 & ! success ( ! pott]s ( ,/4 ,cl\d gave a new ze/ to ! se>*4 ,a manufactory 0 f\nd$ at ,lille 9 #agaa2 at ,p>is1 by ! (f%oot ( ! ,/4 ,cl\d family1 9 #agbb2 & at ,*antilly 9 #agbe1 :]e ! porcela9 ( ,corea 0 tak5 z a model4 ,t5 ye>s lat] ,b>b9 0 e/abli%$ at ,m5necy1 & 9 #agci ! philosoph] ,raumur1 l$ away by ! univ]sal se>*1 arriv$ at a devitrifi$ glass1 :i* w5t "u ! "n ( 8,raumur's porcela910 ?\gh 9 no s5se des]v+ su* a "n4 ,) #agdj we rea* ! e/abli%m5t ( ! royal manufactory at ,v9c5nes 7,fig4 #bfj74 ,two bro!rs nam$ ,dubois1 =m]ly ( ,/4 ,cl\d1 (f]$ to sell _! secret to ! ,int5dant ( ,f9ance1 & 7 giv5 ! necess>y means to c>ry on ! production at ,v9c5nes4 ,^! m5 did n fulfil _! promise1 & 7 succe$$ by "o ( _! workm51 nam$ ,gravant4 ,! celebrat$ ,madame de ,pompad\r us$ h] influ5ce ) ! k+ to induce him to favor an ent]prise ! success ( :i* w\ld make ,france indep5d5t ( ,saxony4 ,! result 0 t ! manufacture quickly rose to em95ce4 ,*emi/s1 arti/s1 & goldsmi?s 7 engag$ 9 design+ & decorat+4 ,fl[]s 7 modell$ & pa9t$ 9 a /yle s closely resembl+ ! natural t ! k+ is said1 ^u "o occasion1 to h mi/ak5 ! artificial = ! real4 ,9 #agec1 ! position ( manag] 0 giv5 to ,eloi ,bri*>d4 ,l\is ,,xv4 took a ?ird ( ! capital ^u himself1 & ! "n ( 8,! ,royal ,porcela9 ,manufactory ( ,france0 0 conf]r$ ^u ! e/abli%m5t4 ,! work%ops at ,v9c5nes became too small1 & 9 #agef a removal 0 made to a new build+ erect$ specially = ! purpose at ,svres4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfa4--,old ,svres ,pate ,t5dre4 7,augu/ ,belmont ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfb4--,old ,jewell$ ,svres ,pate ,t5dre4 ,cup diamet]1 #b 942 ,sauc] circumf]5ce1 #ah 94 7,mrs4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfc4--;,jewell$ ,svres4 7,h4 ,c4 ,gibson ,coll47 ,! imitations :i* _h annoy$ ,adam1 ! director :o prec$$ ,bri*>d1 cont9u$ "u ! adm9i/ration ( ! latt]4 ,! k+ !n took ! entire e/abli%m5t into 8 own h&s1 & appo9t$ ,m4 ,boileau director4 ,su* 0 an eighte5? c5tury toy ( royalty4 ,! k+1 accompani$ by ! ,pompad\r1 paid regul> visits to ,svres1 :i* 0 well wor?y ( be+ a royal possession4 ,ev]y?+ t art c\ld sugge/ 9 ! =m ( g>d5s & groves _h be5 done to embelli% x4 ,ev5 a private *ase 0 provid$ = ! arti/s1 :]e1 9 hunt+ ! bo> & /ag1 !y reliev$ ! labors ( ! /udio4 ,nev]1 possibly1 7 arti/s s favor$ by patronage & place1 & ! productions ( ,svres 7 wor?y ( ! sun%9e 9 :i* x bask$4 ,its fl[]s & vases admit ( no classification4 ,figures 7 also made 9 biscuit 7see ,fig4 #bbf74 ,*emi/s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! inv5tion ( colors1 & ! bleu de roi1 ,hellot's turquoise blue 7#ageb71 ! ,pompad\r p9k 7#ageg71 violet1 gre5s1 yell[1 & iron-r$ foll[$ ea* o!r 9 rapid succession1 & 7 employ$ ) dazzl+ effect4 ,special m5tion ne$ only be made ( ! jewell$ porcela9 7,figs4 #bfb & #bfc7 on a bleu de roi gr\nd4 ,! successive directors aft] ,boileau 73 ,p>5t1 #aggc-aggi2 ,regni]1 #aggi-agic2 ,commission]s1 ) ,*an\ & aft]w>d ,salmon1 ,ettl+]1 & ,mey]1 jo9tly z inspectors1 d[n to #ahjj2 ,brongni>t1 #ahjj-ahdg2 & !n ,,mm4 ,ebelman1 ,regnault1 & ,rob]t 9 succession4 ,! specim5 "h giv5 7,fig4 #bfd7 is "o ( a pair dat$ #aggb & #agha respectively1 :i* =m]ly belong$ to ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,on 8 reque/ !y 7 sold by ,gov]nor ,morris1 9 ord] to raise money1 & 7 b\ght by ,dr4 ,hosack1 ( ,new ,york4 ,! sc5e 9 ! m$allion repres5ts ,l\is ,,xvi4 9 8 cab9et1 & ! nurse br++ 9 ! newly born ,dauph94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfd4--,svres ,pate ,t5dre 7#aggb-agha74 ,bleu de ,roi ,gr\nd4 7,mrs4 ,c4 ,b4 ,hosack ,coll47 ,meantime ! pa/e 0 /ill artificial1 & ! rese>*es = a natural1 or h>d1 porcela9 7 n relax$4 ,9 #agfi ! discov]y ( kaol9 & petuntse at ,/4 ,yrieix1 ne> ,limoges1 l$ to ! introduction ( h>d pa/e into ,svres4 ,9 #ahjd ,m4 ,brongni>t decid$ to ab&on ! manufacture ( artificial porcela91 & soon aft]w>d regrett$ hav+ tak5 su* a /ep4 ,9 #ahdg ,m4 ,ebelman1 ,brongni>t's pupil & successor1 decid$ to revive ! pate t5dre1 & = f\r ye>s made use ( a body :i* _h be5 prep>$ by ,brongni>t =ty-five ye>s previ\sly4 ,! clay1 in/ead ( be+ ?r[n away1 z ,brongni>t ?\ght1 _h be5 /or$ ?r\gh\t ! long p]iod ( its neglect1 & bo? sav$ ! new director any tr\ble 9 exp]im5t+1 & suppli$ a /&>d = ! future4 ,! production ( s(t pa/e has be5 cont9u$1 b ! quantity is inconsid]able4 ,mr4 ,walt]s1 ( ,baltimore1 has 9 8 collection a valuable pate t5dre vase dat$ #ahfj4 ,to give 9 detail ! ev5ts :i* l$ to ! introduction ( natural porcela9 into ! royal factory1 we mu/ turn back to ! ye> #agba1 :5 ,wack5feld 0 attempt+ to utilize at ,/rasburg ! k he _h br\ght f ,g]many4 ,hannong 0 engag$ 9 ! same ent]prise2 & 8 son1 ,paul ,anto9e1 aft] endeavor+ 9 va9 to c>ry on ! production 9 competition ) ! artificial porcela9 ( ! royal factory1 & engag+ 9 fruitless negotiations ) ,director ,boileau1 at la/ retir$ to ,frank5?al4 ,8 son aft]w>d took ! ,/rasburg works 9 h&1 b fail$4 ,all ?is porcela9 0 made f import$ mat]ial4 ,t ( ,paul ,anto9e resembles 9 decoration ! works ( ,meiss51 & 8 son foll[$ bo? ! ,saxon & ,svres /yles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfe4--;,*>lotte ,corday ,vase2 ,svres ,porcela91 ,m\nt$4 ,r$ & ,gold4 7,:ite ,h\se47 ,9 #ageh an ev5t happ5$ ( ! fir/ importance to ! mak+ ( a true ,fr5* natural porcela94 ,?is 0 ! discov]y by ! ,c\nt de ,brancas ,lauraguais ( an inf]ior quality ( kaol9 ne> ,al5on4 ,! specim5s ( ! w>e 9 :i* x 0 us$ %[ a co>se body1 & decoration aft] ! ,*9ese & ,japanese types4 ,%ortly aft]w>d ,grault1 or to give 8 "n 9 full1 ,*>les ,claude ,grault ,d>anb]t1 ! proprietor ( a fai5ce e/abli%m5t at ,orleans1 engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( porcela94 ,a privilege _h be5 grant$ to ! ,orleans work%op1 9 #agee1 to make a :ite fai5ce1 & ! mak+ ( porcela9 appe>s to h begun ab\t #agfd1 on ! acquisition by ,grault ( a kaol9 m9e at ,/4 ,yrieix-la-,p]*e4 ,9 #agfe ,guett>d1 *emi/ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,duke ( ,orleans at ,bagnolet1 came ^u ! kaol9 deposit at ,al5on orig9ally discov]$ by ! ,c\nt ,lauraguais4 ,)9 a few ye>s1 also1 ,rob]t 0 mak+ porcela9 at ,m>seilles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bff4--,old ,svres1 ,m\nt$ 9 ,metal4 ,d>k-blue ,gr\nd4 ,height1 #i 94 7,mrs4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,! next ev5ts ( importance are ,madame ,d>net's discov]y ( kaol9 at ,/4 ,yrieix1 & ,macqu]'s exp]im5ts ) x at ,svres4 ,z at ,/rasburg1 ! mi/ake 0 made at ,svres ( mix+ ! kaol9 & petuntse 9 ! wrong proportions1 & ! result ( ! excess ( felsp> 0 a v transluc5t glassy body4 ,! fir/ pieces & ^? ( artificial pa/e 7 s ne>ly alike t1 to di/+ui% ! =m]1 !y 7 m>k$ ) ! well kn[n d\ble ,l & cr[n4 ,!y may also be kn[n by ! color be+ laid ^u ! glaze4 ,9 ! s(t pa/e ! colors appe> to be sunk 9 ! glaze4 ,:5 ,brongni>t1 9 #ahjd1 /opp$ ! production ( pate t5dre1 ! works ( ! royal factory began to assume ! =ms & to be decorat$ 9 ! /yles ) :i* ! _w has be5 famili> = ! la/ sev5ty ye>s4 8,! l>ge/ pieces10 says ,jacquem>t1 87 und]tak51 & sculpture & pa9t+ unit$ to enri* gigantic vases4 ,plaques ( =ty-six by ?irty-six in*es 7 giv5 to di/+ui%$ arti/s1 :o reproduc$ 9 unalt]able colors ! frescoes ( ,raffaelle1 ! ma/]pieces ( ,v&yke1 ,titian1 & ( ! mod]n s*ool40 ,( mod]n ,svres we give "o example 7,fig4 #bfh71 to :i* "s int]e/ atta*es z belong+ to a s]vice pres5t$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t to ,miss ,m4 ,f4 ,curtis1 di/ributor ( funds s5t f ,bo/on = ! relief ( suff]]s by ! w> ) ,g]many 9 #ahgj-ahga4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfg4--;,frankl9 ,vase4 ,svres4 ,blue & ,gold4 ,inscription on ,vase1 8,vue de la ,maison de ,frankl9 ,passy40 7,:ite ,h\se47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfh4--,svres ,porcela9 ,tea-,set4 7,curtis ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,to give an idea ( ! value ( ! ,svres porcela91 x may be m5tion$ t ,napoleon1 foll[+ an example set by ,l\is ,,xv41 s5t to ! ,k+ ( ,etruria a vase wor? ab\t sixty ?\s& doll>s4 ,tea-sets wor? #ajjj1 vases at #aejj & #ejjj1 are m5tion$ z be+ 9 ! royal collection 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bfi4--,wa%+ton's 8,c9c9nati0 ,svres4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgj4--,mrs4 ,wa%+ton's ,svres ,tea-,s]vice4 ,!re are sev]al specim5s ( ,svres porcela91 =m]ly pres]v$ at ,arl+ton ,h\se1 & n[ 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice at ,wa%+ton1 to :i* a hi/orical int]e/ atta*es4 ,!re are1 fir/ly1 "s pieces ( ! 8,c9c9nati ,*9a0 7,fig4 #bfi7 pres5t$ to ,george ,wa%+ton by ! ,fr5* (fic]s :o f\ght 9 ! cont95tal army4 ,!y are :ite1 ) deep-blue b&s ( leaves & scroll-"w1 & h on ! bottoms or sides ! figure ( ,fame hold+ 9 h] left h& ! ,ord] ( ! ,c9c9nati4 ,!re are1 secondly1 sev]al remnants ( ! set pres5t$ at ! same "t1 & by ! same g5tlem51 to ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton 7,fig4 #bgj74 ,! rim ( ea* piece is surr\nd$ by a *a9 ( ?irte5 l9ks1 9 ea* ( :i* is ! "n ( "o ( ! orig9al ,/ates4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* plate & sauc]1 & on ! side ( ea* ( ! o!r pieces1 is ! monogram ( ,m>?a ,wa%+ton1 surr\nd$ by a gre5 wrea? ( laurel & olive leaves4 ,a gold5 aureole surr\nds ! wrea?1 b5ea? :i* is a ribbon scroll ) ! motto1 ,decus et tutam5 ab illo4 ,! colors are at once delicate & brilliant1 & ! pa9t+ admirable4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bga4--,limoges ,porcela94 ,cup & ,sauc]4 ,pa9t$ by ,pall&re4 7,s4 ,s4 ,conant ,coll47 ,manufactories rapidly sprung up 9 o!r ,fr5* t[ns--at ,ni$]vill]1 :]e ,g]man kaol9 0 us$2 at sev]al places 9 ,p>is2 at ,bordeaux1 ,clignanc\rt1 ,lille1 ,val5ci5nes1 ,v9c5nes1 ,limoges1 & else:]e4 ,fauquez made porcela9 at ,val5ci5nes 9 #aghe1 & ! works 7 tak5 by ,lamon9>y 9 #aghg4 ,hannong 0 employ$ at ,v9c5nes 9 #aghf1 & m>k$ 8 pieces ) two pipes cross$1 ) or )\t ! lett] ,h4 ,! indu/ry 0 aft]w>d protect$ by ! ,duke ( ,*>tres1 :5 ! monogram ,l4 ,p4 0 adopt$ z ! m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgb4--,limoges ,porcela9 ,plate4 ,pa9t$ by ,pall&re4 ,! porcela9 ( ,limoges is probably bett] kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry ?an any o!r1 ?r\gh ! ent]prise ( ! mak]s1 ^: works 9 fai5ce h already arre/$ our att5tion4 ,! proximity ( ,limoges to ,/4 ,yrieix w\ld alone lead u to view x z an important c5tre4 ,aft] ! discov]y ( kaol91 ! bro!rs ,grellet1 ,massi1 & ,f\rni]a e/abli%$ a porcela9 work%op 9 #aggc4 ,! m>k ,c4 ,d4 occurs on _m rem>kable works4 ,9 #aghd ! manufactory 0 absorb$ by ,svres1 ,gabriel ,grellet act+ z director4 ,! pa/e 0 !n v pure & :ite1 b det]iorat$2 & ,alluaud succe$$ ,grellet 9 #aghh4 ,ano!r *ange 0 made 9 #agic1 & ! works 7 aga9 c>ri$ on z a private ent]prise 9 ! h&s ( ,,mm4 ,j\b]t & ,cancate4 ,9 #agid ! conv5t at ,limoges 0 conv]t$ into a manufactory1 & ano!r rose 9 #agih1 9 ! h&s ( ! eld] ,alluaud1 :o 0 succe$$ by 8 son4 ,?\gh highly comm5dable 9 purity ( glaze & compactness & :it5ess ( pa/e1 8 porcela9 0 inf]ior 9 decoration4 ,! next we he> ( ,limoges is ?r\gh ,david ,havil&1 ( ,new ,york1 :o w5t f ?is c\ntry to ,limoges upw>d ( =ty ye>s ago4 ,8 firm work$ /eadily 9 ! manufacture ( porcela91 *iefly ( a dome/ic "*1 be=e !y conjo9$ x ) t ( fai5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgc4--,limoges ,porcela94 7,mrs4 ,colonel ,t4 ,scott ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgd4--,limoges ,porcela94 7,g54 ,a4 ,j4 ,mey]s ,coll47 ,at ! pres5t "t ,havil& ,co4 make a dome/ic w>e ( exceptional purity & ( great beauty ( design4 ,"o set is modell$ aft] & decorat$ ) ! wat]-lily1 & o!rs are ( equal simplicity & beauty4 ,! rule 9 ^! & 9 m /rictly ornam5tal pieces is1 to foll[ a *a/e & ref9$ /yle1 m>k$ by a limit$ use ( color4 ,! rule we laid d[n = ! decoration ( porcela9--t x %\ld nev] be load$ ) colors less beautiful ?an its own glaze--is "h m closely foll[$ ?an any:]e else occurr+ to u4 ,"h1 = example1 is a set ( plates pa9t$ ) diff]5t sc5es1 su* z a sn[-/orm1 morn+1 night1 be=e a %[]1 dur+ a %[]1 & o!r simil> subjects4 ,! details are n wr\ght 9 ) obtrusive precision4 ,some?+ is left to imag9ation1 & ! effect ( e view is p]fect4 ,!y are pa9t$ by ,m4 ,bracquemond4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bge4--,limoges ,porcela94 7,:itelaw ,reid ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgf4--,limoges ,pate ,t5dre4 7,h4 ,j4 ,jewitt ,coll47 ,we n[h]e f9d a bett] successor to ! 8egg-%ell0 ( ,*9a ?an 9 ! delicate1 pure1 & fragile specim5s ( ?9 porcela9 f ,limoges4 ,?is is an exceptional fabric1 b !re is else:]e to be se5 en\gh to sub/antiate ! excell5ce ( ,fr5* porcela9 = dome/ic use1 9 po9t ( bo? beauty & /r5g?4 ,we h se5 c]ta9 small c(fee-cups s f9ely wr\ght1 exquisitely modell$1 & *a/ely color$1 t :5 n 9 use !y might s]ve z ornam5ts4 ,! po9t to :i* pa9t+ on porcela9 has be5 br\ght is fur!r illu/rat$ by a s]ies ( dess]t plates ornam5t$ ) diff]5t k9ds ( fruit--grapes1 pea*es1 & o!r v>ieties4 ,! supreme delicacy ) :i* ! requisite t9ts are "h appli$ is admirable4 ,on o!rs are diff]5t k9ds ( seawe$ & o!r m>9e objects1 9 :i* ! arti/ has caught ! natural hues ) wond]ful precision4 ,! porcela9 vases are1 z a rule1 small 9 size4 ,no attempt1 s f> z we are aw>e1 has be5 made to foll[ ! gigantic works ( ,svres1 ,meiss51 & ,b]l91 & we d n regret ! fact4 ,! works ) :i* we are pres5t$ %[ great skill 9 ! colors obta9$1 & ! %apes are simple & sometimes sev]e4 ,! dome/ic porcela9 ( ,limoges des]ves c>eful /udy = ! sake ( ! ref9$ ta/e :i* x inv>iably reflects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgg4--;,d9n]-set 9 ,limoges ,pate ,t5dre4 ,! mo/ highly arti/ic pieces are 9 pate t5dre1 or artificial pa/e4 ,consid]+ ! difficulty ( manipulat+ ! body & its liability to s9k 9 ! furnace1 _m ( ! old ,svres pieces mu/ be reg>d$ z m>vels ( workman%ip4 ,we look ) a simil> int]e/ ^u ! examples com+ to u f ,limoges4 ,x has ! honor ( hav+ produc$ ! only complete d9n]-set ev] made ( ?is w>e 7,fig4 #bgg74 ,its beauty is p>allel ) its value1 :i* we h>dly d>e e/imate4 ,beautifully modell$ & plumag$ birds =m ! di% h&les1 & a simple accessory decoration on ! body reveals to p]fection ! peculi> appe>ance pres5t$ by pate t5dre ( hav+ ! colors sunk 9 ! s(t & creamy glaze4 ,havil& ,co4 h atta9$ an exceptional success 9 colors4 ,a complete toilet-set ( pate t5dre is turquoise blue ( great ri*ness & transp>5t dep?4 ,! modell+ corresponds ) an a*ievem5t 9 color :i* has be5 ! despair ( c]amic arti/s = c5turies4 ,deck is ! only ,fr5* mak] :o1 be=e ! ,havil&s1 approa*$ ! old turquoise ( ,*9a4 ,! art has long be5 lo/ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,deck's pieces1 h[ev]1 are apt to craze or crack 9 irregul> breaks1 & ?is 0 ?\ght to be unavoidable until ,havil& made crackle closely resembl+ 9 color ! r>e old ,*9ese4 ,( ! same mat]ial are two recumb5t ,psy*es 7,fig4 #bgh71 "o 9 blue1 ! o!r 9 p9k4 ,9 no m poetic =m d we rememb] to h met ! w+$ nymph :o turn$ aga9/ ,cupid ! d>ts ) :i* he 0 wont to afflict humanity4 ,a set ( ?ree graceful vases 7,fig4 #bgi7 ) reticulat$ necks1 & ea* support$ on a tripod ( goats' feet1 is pa9t$ 9 blue1 gold1 & p9k4 ,! =ms are graceful & ! color+ ref9$4 ,! pa9t+s ( ,poitev9 & ,du ,liege on ^! & o!r pieces are *>act]iz$ by ! mo/ exquisite delicacy4 ,m4 ,pall&re1 ! ,p>isian fl[]-pa9t]1 has also l5t to ! porcela9 ( ,havil& ,co4 ! beauty conf]r$ by 8 dext]\s bru%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgh4--,psy*e1 9 ,blue ,pate ,t5dre4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bgi4--,pate-t5dre ,vase4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhj4--;,deck ,vase4 7,g4 ,collamore47 ,an excell5t dome/ic w>e1 also made at ,limoges1 is l>gely import$ by ! manufactur]s1 ,*>les ,field ,havil& ,co41 ( ,new ,york4 ,! great] portion ( x is undecorat$2 b lately ! mak]s h be5 turn+ _! att5tion to decoration1 & arti/ic "w ( consid]able m]it n[ comes f _! e/abli%m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bha4--;,deck ,plaque4 7,g4 ,collamore47 ,be=e leav+ ,france1 ! names ( ,deck1 ,solon1 & ,regnault may be all[$ to /ay our progress4 ,! ,messrs4 ,deck1 ( ,p>is1 h1 z we h se51 made a special /udy ( color1 & 7 ! fir/1 or among ! fir/1 to revive ,ori5tal decoration4 ,_! ,p]sian w>e1 or imitation ( ! old art ( ,p]sia1 is *>act]iz$ by mu* ( ! beauty ( ! orig9al4 ,_! blue1 z we h se51 is especially comm5dable1 & enabl$ !m to compete ) ! ent]pris+ imitators ( ,engl&1 ! ,m9tons1 :o h = sev]al ye>s be5 9 possession ( a blue v little inf]ior to ! turquoise4 ,x is to be regrett$ t ,deck 0 n repres5t$ at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 :]e1 by ! ri*ness ( 8 palette1 he w\ld h _h an opportunity ( ext5d+ 8 reputation 9 ,am]ica4 ,m4 ,regnault1 :o succe$$ ,m4 ,ebelman 9 ! directorate ( ,svres1 0 ! inv5tor1 :ile at ! ,svres manufactory1 ( pate *angeante4 ,! w>e appe>s1 dur+ ! day1 l gray cladon1 & at night1 "u artificial light1 *anges to a beautiful p9k1 :5ce its "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhb4--,m9ton ,porcela94 ,pate-sur-pate1 by ,solon4 7,wales ,coll41 ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! "n ( ,m4 ,solon recalls at once ! peculi> /yle ( decoration call$ 8,pate-sur-pate10 or pa/e ^u pa/e4 ,! process has be5 long kn[n 9 ,*9a1 & 0 fir/ attempt$ 9 ,europe by ,m4 ,ebelman at ,svres ab\t ?irty ye>s ago4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 successful1 & "s v f9e works 7 issu$4 ,! process 0 tak5 to ,engl& f ,svres by ,m4 ,solon1 :o 0 engag$ a few ye>s ago by ! ,messrs4 ,m9ton 7,fig4 #bhb74 ,9 ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4 ,daniells's collection at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 "s examples ( pate-sur-pate by ,m4 ,solon attract$ g5]al att5tion4 ,!re 7 two pairs ( vases ( a pure ,greek %ape1 ) a body ( a ri* bronze or *ocolate color4 ,on ?is1 9 :ite relief1 7 figures symboliz+ ,fire & ,wat]1 & a gr\p ( ! ,graces accompani$ by ,cupid 9 a race4 ,! =ms 7 exquisitely drawn1 & 7 half reveal$ by ! semi-transp>5t drap]y4 ,m usual gr\nds are a d>k gre5 & a grayi% t9t1 ei!r ( :i* has a s(t effect4 ,a second specim5 is giv5 at ,fig4 #ceb4 ,?is me?od ( treatm5t consi/s 9 apply+ to ! surface to be decorat$ :ite liquid porcela9 z a pigm5t4 ,! application is repeat$ until ! necess>y relief is obta9$1 :5 ! figures are f9i%$ by c>v+ or scrap+4 ,repeat$ fir+s are necess>y be=e glaz+1 & ! decoration1 :i* is opaque :ile wet1 becomes m or less transp>5t1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! pigm5t4 ,! process is "o ( ! nice/ & mo/ difficult 9 ! entire range ( c]amic art1 z a mi/ake once made _c be rem$i$1 & ! glaze has a t5d5cy to de/roy ! f9e outl9es ( ! figures4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,g]many ,,& ,,c5tral ,,europe4 ,e>ly ,pott]y4--,lake ,dwell]s4--,e>ly ,g]man4--,peculi> ,%apes4--,h[ ,peasants ,acc\nt = ,relics4--,roman ,epo*4--,t9 ,enamel4--,leipsic4--,breslau4--,nuremb] g4--,! ,hirs*vogels4--,vill5g54--,h*/4--,m>burg 4--,bav>ia4--,switz]l&4 --,belgium4--,delft4 ,! e>ly pott]y ( ,g]many & ,c5tral ,europe dates f ! ,/one ,age d[n to ! ,roman incursion1 :5 ! types *ange1 & ! evid5ces ( m p]fect me*anical appliances become app>5t4 ,! ,lake ,dwell]s1 :o built _! huts on piles 9 ! lakes ( ,switz]l&1 h commemorat$ !mselves by h&-wr\ght vessels1 to ! embelli%m5t ( :i* a decoration ( ! rude/ k9d 0 br\ght4 ,rema9s h be5 f\nd ?r\gh\t ,g]many1 ( :i* "s are h&-made1 :ile o!rs are evid5tly ?r[n ^u ! :eel4 ,^! are bo? pre-,roman & contemporane\s ) ! ,roman occupation4 ,! pa/e v>ies f a friable clay to a h>d1 r++ /one-w>e4 ,vases ( a great v>iety ( %ape h be5 f\nd along ) cups1 plates1 sauc]s1 & j>s4 ,"s ( ! vases are divid$1 l boxes1 into comp>tm5ts4 ,! ornam5ts are pa9t+s1 m\ld+s1 & incis$ l9es4 ,! pa9t+ consi/s ( p>allel l9es ( r$1 yell[1 & black4 ,"s ( ! small] pieces 7 app>5tly us$ z toys4 ,o!rs1 ( a sepul*ral "*1 are ?\ght to resemble ! huts ( ! lacu/r9e dwell]s4 ,"o f\nd at ,a*]sleb5 has a tall1 conical cov]1 l a high-?at*$ ro(1 & ! orifice 9 front is cov]$ ) a plate hav+ a r+ 9 ! c5tre1 ?r\gh :i* a p9 be+ pass$ fa/5$ x on ! outside4 ,! orifice 0 9 ?is way clos$ aft] ! a%es ( ! dead _h be5 introduc$ 7,fig4 #bhc74 ,^! & simil> rema9s h be5 f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,g]many1 & h giv5 rise to _m sup]/iti\s /ories among ! peasantry4 ,by "s !y are said to be ! natural produce ( ! soil4 ,o!rs ascribe !m to ! all-p[]ful fairies4 ,o!rs consid] !m possess$ ( wond]ful pres]vative prop]ties4 ,z to ! art !y repres5t1 we are conv9c$ "h1 z we are 9 a p>allel mann]1 ?\gh m =cibly amid/ ! rema9s belong+ to anci5t ,gaul1 t ! ,romans 7 n ! fir/ to inspire ! ,teutonic population ) a desire = ! expression ( arti/ic ideas4 ,we f9d bo? an awak5+ s5sitiv5ess to ! graces ( =m1 & a gr[+ appreciation ( ! possible beauty ( surface decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhc4--;,anci5t ,g]man ,hut-%ap$ ,vases4 ,) ! ,romans we f9d pott]y bo? made on ! spots :]e !y settl$ & import$ f ! seats ( ! c]amic indu/ry 9 ,italy4 ,^! display ! usual ,roman *>act]i/ics1 & ne$ n be "h consid]$4 ,cross+ ! ,d>k ,ages1 we f9d1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,g]many 9 possession ( processes = ! pres5ce ( :i*--s f> remov$ f _! accept$ c5tres & f ! regul> r\tes by :i* !y travell$--x might be h>d to acc\nt if x 7 absolutely necess>y to travel by ! regul> r\te4 ,we h se5 ?is already 9 ! case ( e>ly ,france4 ,we see x aga9 9 ,g]many4 ,possibly ! ,romans may h taught _! b>b>ian subjects some?+ ab\t glaz+4 ,possibly "s w&]] to ,pale/9e & ! ,ea/ or to ! ,s>ac5ic settlem5ts 9 ! ,s\? ( ,europe1 or "s /rang] f ^! 8=eign p>ts10 may h initiat$ ! ,g]man pott]s 9 ! high] secrets ( ! art4 ,9 any ev5t1 ,g]many 0 mak+ enamell$ fai5ce at lea/ two c5turies be=e ,luca della ,robbia _h p]fect$ 8 process 9 ,italy4 ,a pott] ( ,s*ele/adt1 9 ,alsace1 is said by ! ,g]mans to h discov]$ t9 enamel4 ,ev5 8 "n is n[ =gott51 al?\gh 8 dea? is said to h occurr$ 9 #abhc4 ,at ,leipsic is a glaz$ frieze1 dat$ #abjg1 & at ,breslau1 9 #abcj1 ar*itectural reliefs ( great excell5ce 7 produc$4 ,two hundr$ ye>s lat]1 9 #adda1 ,veit ,hirs*vogel 0 us+ /annif]\s enamel4 ,at ,/rehla1 9 #aefe1 ! pott]s 7 s well skill$ 9 ! work+ ( t]ra-cotta1 t !y _h made a pulpit ( t mat]ial4 ,"o is almo/ l$ by ^! facts to "q if ,g]many did n lead bo? ,italy & ,france1 & to regret t ! hi/ory ( ,g]man c]amics has n be5 m fully op5$ up to u4 ,"o dang] let u gu>d aga9/1 = ! sake ( secur+ ! intellig5t und]/&+ ( ,g]many1 incompatible ) ei!r p>tiality or prejudice4 ,we ne$ n conf\nd cons]vative ta/es ) a 8v sl[ m>* ( ideas40 ,"o r loves to f9d an arti/ s impress$ ) :at is good 9 8 own art1 t he is 9 no ha/e to leave x 9 ord] to cat* ! fir/ :iff ( =eign inspiration4 ,ideas evid5tly circulat$ at a tol]ably high rate ( spe$ 9 a c\ntry :]e ! enamell$ friezes & monum5tal bas-reliefs ( ,leipsic & ,breslau exi/$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,to ,leipsic1 !re=e1 ,g]many is indebt$ = its fir/ enamell$ w>e4 ,! friezes above m5tion$ consi/$ ( tiles ) alto-relievo heads ( ,*ri/ & ! ,apo/les4 ,! enamel is d>k gre54 ,:at occurs to u at once is t no art ev] began ) su* works1 & t 9 !m we h ! successful results ( long exp]im5t4 ,breslau is made fam\s by a l>ge "w ( ! same c5tury1 repres5t+ ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( ,silesia1 :o di$ 9 #abij4 ,! mon>* lies /ret*$ ^u a tomb surr\nd$ by tw5ty-"o bas-reliefs4 ,! ,hirs*vogels ( ,nuremb]g h ?r[n a lu/re ^u _! bir?place by _! fai5ce decorat$ ) enamell$ reliefs4 ,! f\nd] ( ! family1 ,veit ,hirs*vogel1 0 born 9 #adda1 & di$ 9 #aebe2 & "o ( 8 sons1 ,augu/9e1 has left "s v arti/ic works 9 ! prevail+ /yle ( ornam5tation1 ) m$allions & decorations 9 relief4 ,"o vase has gre5 dragon h&les 7,fig4 #bhd72 & ! fact t ?is /yle exi/$ 9 ,nuremb]g at ! "t :5 ,palissy 0 travell+ 9 ,g]many1 has l$ to ! supposition t he may h acquir$ ! rudim5ts ( 8 art "u ,hirs*vogel4 ,! same city 0 des]v$ly celebrat$ = its tiles ornam5t$ ) bas-reliefs1 g5]ally ( ! deep gre5 di/9ctive ( ! great] proportion ( ,g]man pott]y4 ,! /yle 0 at a lat] p]iod c>ri$ to a great] ext5t1 z we f9d ^u diff]5t vessels sev]al animal =ms 9 high relief1 & ev5 ! vessels !mselves modell$ aft] ! animals ( ! c\ntry4 ,at ,vill+51 9 ! ,black ,=e/1 ,hans ,kraut1 :o di$ 9 #aeij1 c>ri$ ! same bran* ( art to great p]fection1 8 tiles & bas-reliefs m>k+ him z a successful & tal5t$ disciple ( ! s*ool ( ,nuremb]g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhd4--;,g]man ,enamell$ 8,surprise0 ,vase4 ,by ,hirs*vogel4 ,h*/ & ,m>burg 7 bo? important seats ( ! indu/ry1 & at ! =m] we f9d a vase hav+ its neck ornam5t$ ) :ite reliefs1 l ! cameos ( ,w$gwood4 ,dur+ ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies ! indu/ry 0 e/abli%$ 9 _m places ?r\gh\t ,g]many1 & /yles ( we/]n & s\!rn orig9 make _! appe>ance4 ,! fai5ce ( ,anspa*1 ,bav>ia1 foll[s ! /yle ( ,r\51 & at ,nuremb]g1 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! e>ly ,fa5t9e /yle is mak+ itself felt4 ,! ,bav>ian t[ns ( ,ggg+5 & ,baireu? bo? produc$ pieces ( great beauty & ref9em5t4 ,on "s f ! =m] appe> b\quets1 birds1 & arabesques1 & "o f ! latt] is ornam5t$--) :at delicacy ( effect may be imag9$--) a figure & m$allion surr\nd$ by blue arabesques laid ^u ! :ite enamel4 ,be=e ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury ,nuremb]g _h in/itut$ its mod]n /yle1 blue arabesque bord]s on a blui% glaze surr\nd+ c5tre-pieces ( fruit1 etc4 ,,switz]l&4 ,9 ,switz]l& we "k ,zri*1 ,s*affhaus51 ,w9t]?ur1 & "o or two o!r places4 ,( ^!1 ,w9t]?ur is probably ! m anci5t1 pieces occurr+ dat$ #afgh & #afhi4 ,! /yles are ak9 to ! ,italian--deep-bord]$ di%es ) regul>ly arrang$ gr\ps ( fruit or fl[]s1 or blue arabesques runn+ r\nd ! m>g94 ,escut*eons or =tifi$ ca/les =m ! c5tre decoration4 ,precision & /iff1 scrupul\s c>e *>act]ize ! draw+4 ,,belgium4 ,belgium1 9 at lea/ two ( ! seats ( its c]amic w>es1 has be5 closely alli$ ) ,france4 ,f ,antw]p1 ! great c5tre ( ,belgian art1 issu$ majolica ( ,italian /yles 9 blue & yell[1 violet & gre51 & ano!r quality aft] ! ,ori5tal porcela9 patt]ns4 ,t[>d ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 if n e>li]1 ,antw]p 0 9 close relations ) ,france4 ,t\rnay 0 ( ,fr5* orig9 9 s f> z its fai5ce is conc]n$1 & x 0 n until its work%op pass$ into ! h&s ( ,pet]ynck1 ( ,lille1 t x rose to em95ce4 ,! pieces attribut$ to x %[ a comp\nd ( ,r\5nais1 ,flemi%1 & ,*9ese decoration4 ,brussels _h c>ri$ ! art 9 #agfa to su* a height1 t its fai5ce 0 said to be pref]able to t ( ,delft & ,r\51 ) :i* x is possible x may sometimes be conf\nd$ by collectors4 ,at ,t]vu]51 ne> ! capital1 "s pieces /ill 9 exi/5ce 7 made :i* are decorat$ ) wrea?s & b\quets & armorial be>+s execut$ 9 colors ( mod]ate purity4 ,,holl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhe4--;,delft ,blue-&-:ite4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,*9ese ,/yle4 ,height1 #ag 94 7,mrs4 ,john ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,= our pres5t purpose1 all ,holl& may be said to be compris$ 9 ! s+le t[n ( ,delft4 ,its works date f #acaj1 & may be divid$ into two eras1 t prec$+ ! mak+ ( 8porcela910 & t dur+ & aft] ! fabrication miscall$ by t "n4 ,! ,delft fai5ce is ?9 & h>d1 & 0 decorat$ ) l&scapes & sc5es by ! be/ pa9t]s ( ! "t4 ,x 0 made into tiles1 l>ge plaques1 baskets1 vases1 /atuettes1 & _m o!r =ms4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! sixte5? & beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5turies1 :5 ! ,dut* 7 lay+ ! f\ndation ( _! trade ) ,japan1 ! f9e quality ( fai5ce1 :i* has nev] be5 equall$ by any o!r c\ntry1 began to be produc$4 ,we f9d ?is imitation ( ,ori5tal porcela9 (ficially recogniz$ 9 #afad1 & = a hundr$ & fifty ye>s x 0 curr5tly ref]r$ to z porcela94 ,9 reality x 0 a f9e fai5ce1 modell$ & decorat$ aft] ! peculi> =ms & patt]ns ) :i* _! trade ) ,japan _h made ! ,dut* almo/ exclusively famili>4 ,! pa/e1 :i* consi/$ *iefly ( ! clay ( ,bruyelle1 ne> ,t\rnay1 0 skilfully mix$ ) s& & c>efully manipulat$4 ,! s& made x h>d1 & gave x a capacity = be+ wr\ght into ?9 pieces suitable = table s]vices4 ,! blui% enamel 0 p]fectly smoo? & ev52 & ! decoration1 *iefly 9 blue & iron-r$1 aft] ! ,ori5tal designs1 imp>t$ to x mu* ( ! appe>ance ( ,japanese porcela94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhf4--;,delft ,blue-&-:ite4 ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,size1 #ba 94 by #ah 94 7,mrs4 ,john ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t1 z ! processes 7 p]fect$1 ! reputation ( ,delft increas$1 & its comm]ce grew 9 proportion1 & t no symptoms ( decay manife/ !mselves until t[>d ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! g5ius ( bo? pott]s & pa9t]s ran riot among curi\s =ms & decorations4 ,"o au?or m5tions d9n] s]vices ) di% cov]s resembl+ 9 =m & color ! birds to be s]v$ 9 !m2 a spice cupbo>d resembl+ a ,*9ese ,m&>91 & o!r curiosities4 ,ano!r /range =m 0 t ( a viol91 "o ( :i* is pa9t$ 9 blue camaeu1 ) figures engag$ 9 a dance1 & musicians4 ,,/one-,,w>e4 ,c\ntess ,jacquel9e4--,teyl+54--,graybe>ds4--,f9e ,/one-w>e4--,grs de ,fl&re4--,creuss54 ,?is w>e1 di/+ui%$1 z we h se51 by its vitrifi$ fracture1 al?\gh long kn[n 9 ! ,ea/1 does n appe> 9 ,europe until betwe5 ! ?irte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,:5 x 0 fir/ made 9 ,france has n be5 asc]ta9$ ) suffici5t exactness1 & to ,g]many ! cr$it ( in/itut+ ! fabrication has g5]ally be5 accord$4 ,we f9d x ?r\gh\t ! prov9ces on ! ,rh9e at a v e>ly p]iod1 & x probably pass$ d[n ! ,rh9e to ,holl& & !nce to ,engl&4 ,! "n ( ! beautiful & un=tunate ,jacquel9e ( ,bav>ia1 ,c\ntess ( ,ha9ault & ,holl&1 is connect$ ) ! mak+ ( /one-w>e by a v curi\s tradition4 ,jacquel9e 0 ! daught] ( ,william ,,iv41 ,c\nt ( ,ha9ault & ,holl&1 at ^: reque/ %e m>ri$ ,john1 ,duke ( ,brabant4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( h] tr\bles4 ,a jeal\s & disappo9t$ suitor1 ,john ( ,bav>ia1 ,bi%op ( ,liege1 m>*$ aga9/ ,holl&1 & hav+ compell$ ! c\ntess to nom9ate him z h] successor1 brib$ h] husb& to transf] to him ! managem5t ( h] e/ates = a t]m ( ye>s4 ,! c\ntess1 hav+ good reason to be disgu/$ ) m5 9 g5]al1 & ) h] husb& & quondam suitor 9 p>ticul>1 fl$ to ,engl& aft] appeal+ 9 va9 to ,rome = a divorce4 ,9 ,engl& h] beauty captivat$ ! ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o esp\s$ h] cause z a prelim9>y to esp\s+ h]self4 ,! duke m>*$ aga9/ h] husb& ( ,brabant1 :o1 assi/$ by 8 c\s9 ( ,burgundy1 defeat$ ! invad]4 ,gl\ce/] des]t$ ,jacquel9e1 fl$ to ,engl&1 & took a less involv$ bride4 ,! c\ntess 9 ! mean "t 0 imprison$2 b %e escap$1 & on ! dea?1 9 #adbe1 ( ! prelate ( ,liege1 resum$ h] rightful position4 ,!n %e 0 reliev$ by dea? ( h] husb&1 & 0 aga9 involv$ 9 w> by ! ,duke ( ,burgundy1 :om %e 0 =c$ to decl>e h] heir4 ,a second m>riage into :i* %e ent]$ s enrag$ ,philip--:o1 by-!-way1 is kn[n 9 hi/ory z1 p> excell5ce1 8,! ,good0--t he arre/$ h] husb&1 & w\ld h execut$ him1 _h n ,jacquel9e h&$ ov] h] covet$ prop]ty to 8,! ,good10 & 9 #adcc retir$ to ! privacy ( ! ,ca/le ( ,teyl+54 ,?ree ye>s aft]w>d %e di$1 at ! age ( ?irty-six4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhg4--;,graybe>d4 ,br[n ,g]man ,/one-w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhh4--;,g]man ,graybe>d1 f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,f :at we c make out1 ! c\ntess 0 twice an occupant ( ,teyl+51 once 9 #adbd1 on escap+ f imprisonm5t at ,gh5t1 & ! second "t1 z above m5tion$1 9 #adcc4 ,on bo? ^! occasions %e appe>s to h occupi$ h]self ) ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! /one-w>e works1 & ev5 ) fa%ion+ ! vessels ) h] own da9ty h&s4 ,aft] !y 7 made1 we are told--al?\gh x is altoge!r incr$ible--t ! flagons 7 ?r[n into ! ,rh9e1 ei!r z mem5tos ( h] imprisonm5t1 or 8t !y might 9 aft]-ages be deem$ works ( antiquity40 ,provid+ = po/]ity 9 t peculi> mann] does n comm5d itself to "o's reason1 z 9 any way 9 keep+ ) ! c>e] ( ! ,c\ntess ,jacquel9e4 ,!re 0 a cu/om 9 ,p>is = patriotic citiz5s to assemble 9 ! g>d5s adjo9+ ! ,se9e1 & !re to relieve !mselves by toa/+ & s++ & fl++ ! empty flasks into ! riv]4 ,^! h be5 f\nd1 ) ! leg5d 8,vive le ,roi60 inscrib$ on !m1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,moy5age pott]s4 ,! ,g]mans _h a simil> mann] ( keep+ ! toa/ f future impurity by ?r[+ away ! vessels 9 :i* x 0 drunk4 ,probably 9 ?is way ! 8,vr\w ,jacoba's ,kannetjes0 f\nd _! way into ! ,rh9e & ! moat ( ,teyl+54 ,x is easy to imag9e ! pott]s toa/+ _! lovely co-work] & sup]9t5d5t1 &1 9 ! excess ( _! admiration & loyalty1 toss+ away ! flagons1 t !y might nev] be dra9$ to a less wor?y toa/4 ,! /ory is attractive en\gh1 & x is almo/ a pity t ! pots :i* h be5 f\nd are n ( a high arti/ic rank4 ,none ( !m is ornam5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bhi4--;,f9e ,g]man ,/one-w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bij4--;,f9e ,g]man ,/one-w>e4 ,to ! 8common /one-w>e0 belong ! pots call$ ,graybe>ds 7,fig4 #bhg71 f ! be>d$ heads m\ld$ on ! necks4 ,_m ( ^!1 ?\gh well =m$1 are rudely ornam5t$1 & are ( a v co>se composition 7,fig4 #bhh74 ,! f9] w>e1 :i* 0 made aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 is divisible into two classes1 ! old] belong+ exclusively to ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ( a gray :ite or pale yell[1 ! o!r ( a blui% & gray t9t1 made d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,?is is ! w>e commonly call$ ,grs de ,fl&re1 al?\gh1 s f> z we "k1 ,fl&]s nev] produc$ any1 & ! w>e s designat$ is a purely ,g]man fabrication4 ,! canettes1 or tall cups1 ( a ne>ly cyl9drical %ape1 slop+ slightly inw>d t[>d ! top1 & belong+ to ! fir/ class ( yell[i% :ite /one-w>e1 are ( v elegant =m1 & are beautifully ornam5t$ ) reliefs1 made f m\lds ( wood & admirably execut$4 ,! subjects are sometimes scriptural1 sometimes h]aldic4 ,to ! second class ( blue & gray /one-w>e ) salt glaze belong "s ( ! be/ specim5s ( ! art 7,figs4 #bhi & #bij74 ,!y date f #aejj to #afbj1 aft] :i* came ! decl9e4 ,! ,bav>ian t[n ( ,creuss5 made a peculi> /one-w>e ornam5t$ ) color$ reliefs4 ,( ?is we h samples 9 ! 8,apo/le0 mugs1 s call$ f ! reliefs surr\nd+ !m1 & 9 a s]ies ( jugs ) hunt+ sc5es4 ,^! belong to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! ,btt*] /one-w>e w be notic$ "u porcela91 to ! inv5tion ( :i* 9 ,g]many x 0 ! fir/ /ep4 ,,porcela94 ,btt*]4--,8 ,fir/ ,productions4--,meiss5 ,porcela94--,decoration4--,be/ ,days ( ,meiss54--,its ,decl9e4--,vi5na4--,h*/4--,fr/5burg4--,h xt]4--,frank5?al4 --,nymph5burg4--,b]l94--,holl&4--,weesp4 --,loosdre*t4--,! ,hague4--,switz]l&4--,zri*4--,nyon4 ,x w always be ! di/+ui%+ honor ( ,g]many t ! ,saxon ,bttg]1 or ,btt*]1 0 ! discov]]1 = ,europe1 ( a true kaol9ic natural porcela94 ,! circum/ances h already be5 detail$ 7see p4 #eb74 ,:ile ,btt*] 0 prosecut+ 8 exp]im5ts 9 #agjh1 he _h ! furnace fill$ ) trial pieces1 :i* 7 fir$ = sev]al days be=e a piece 0 )drawn4 ,a teapot 0 at l5g? tak5 out & ?r[n into cold wat]4 ,x 0 n porcela91 h[ev]1 b a r$ /one-w>e1 v h>d1 & ) a metallic r+ :5 /ruck4 ,x 0 call$ 8r$ porcela910 probably to suit ! wi%es ( ! exp]im5t] & ( 8 royal patron4 ,a teapot ( ?is w>e has be5 sold 9 ,engl& = sixte5 p\nds /]l+4 ,a v good example ( x is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,davis ,collamore1 ( ,new ,york 7,fig4 #bia71 :o 0 =tunate en\gh to pick x up 9 "o ( 8 ,european t\rs 9 que/ ( r>e 8bits40 ,x is undecorat$1 & %[s admirably ! ru/y r$ color ( ,btt*]'s exp]im5tal /one-w>e4 ,o!rs ( 8 e>ly essays are almo/ black 9 color & are pa9t$ 9 relief4 ,sev]al pieces are 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bia4--;,btt*] ,/one-w>e4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bib4--,meiss5 ,porcela94 ,blue ,fe/oon1 ,p9k ,rosette4 #agji-agbf4 7,f4 ,rob9son ,coll47 ,:5ev] ! kaol9 ( ,aue 0 discov]$1 ,btt*]1 on 8 fir/ attempt1 succe$$ 9 mak+ natural porcela94 ,?\gh ,meiss51 :]e a work%op 0 erect$ )\t delay aft] ! discov]y1 0 kept l a prison or =tress1 & e precaution obs]v$ to insure secrecy1 al?\gh e man connect$ ) ! works 0 "u oa? to keep sil5ce 9 reg>d to any?+ he might see or discov]1 ! precautions 7 all 9 va94 ,! k ooz$ out1 & 9 a v few ye>s ,meiss5 _h sev]al rivals4 ,:ite w>e 0 made d[n to #agah4 ,! ,nank9 blue 0 ! fir/ color$ w>e imitat$1 & aft] #agah o!r colors 7 introduc$4 ,btt*] di$ 9 #agai1 & 0 succe$$ 9 ! directorate by ,horoldt 7,fig4 #bic71 :o c>ri$ out sev]al great improvem5ts1 & m+l$ ! previ\s exclusively ,ori5tal designs ) "s ( a m purely ,european "*4 ,heavy gilt bord]s surr\nd$ figures1 fl[]s1 or ! royal arms4 ,9 #agca1 :ile ! k+ himself 0 director1 ,k&l]1 a sculptor1 introduc$1 z an ornam5tation = vases1 fl[] wrea?s 9 relief1 & aft]w>d attempt$ figures ) great success4 ,f #agbe to #agde ,l9d5ir1 or ,l9d]]1 0 pa9t+ ! beautiful insects & birds :i* 7 8 specialty4 ,!n came1 also dur+ ,k&l]'s "t1 ! exquisite pa9t+s by ,european arti/s :i* br\ght ! ,*9ese /yle effectually to a close4 ,! brighte/ days ( ,meiss5's hi/ory 7 ^? f #agca to #agef1 be=e ,fr$]ick ! ,great robb$ x1 = ! enri*m5t ( ,b]l91 ( m51 m\lds1 models1 & clay4 ,peace came too late to re/ore ,meiss5 to its pre-em95ce1 z x n[ _h rivals bo? at home & abroad 9 ,france & ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bic4--;,dresd5 ,porcela94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bid4--,old ,dresd5 ,porcela94 7,l4 ,d\ble ,coll47 ,! successive directors aft] ,horoldt 7 ! k+1 ,augu/us ,,ii41 f #agca to #agcc2 ,c\nt ,brhl f #agcc2 ! c\nt's wid[ f #agfc2 ! k+1 ,augu/us ,,iii41 f #aggh2 ,c\nt ,m>col9i f #agif to #ahad2 ,b5gra? ,oppal f #ahad to #ahcc4 ,! factory 01 = ! second "t1 plund]$ 9 #agei1 & al?\gh x subsequ5tly atta9$ to a high position1 x nev] rea*$ its =m] prosp]ity4 ,a m>k$ *ange 9 /yle is noticeable dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! =ms & ornam5ts bo? assume m ( a classical "*4 ,?is /yle1 borr[$ mo/ likely f ,france1 0 adopt$ by ,m>col9i1 & entirely sup]s$$ its pr$ecessors4 ,! manufacture 0 n[ 9 its decl9e4 ,meiss5 _h lo/ its pre/ige1 & gradually sank 9 importance4 ,f ab\t fifty ye>s ago ! decoration became co>se & ! works no long] paid exp5ses1 & at ! pres5t "t ,dresd5 w>e is a decid$ly inf]ior fabrication4 ,accord+ to ,jacquem>t1 ! manufactory is busy c\nt]feit+ its own old productions & its old m>ks4 ,9 comp>+ ,dresd5 ) its =m] self1 its pres5t position relative to o!r factories mu/ n be lo/ sight (4 ,x /ill gives to comm]ce _m works :i* are valuable ei!r = _! hi/orical associations or = _! intr9sic m]it4 ,! c&elabrum "h giv5 7,fig4 #big7 repres5ts a /yle ( "w once v mu* 9 vogue at ,dresd54 ,x 0 ,k&l] :o1 :ile sup]9t5d+ ! modell+ dep>tm5t "u ,augu/us ,,ii41 betwe5 #agca & #agcc1 introduc$ ! beautifully fa%ion$ fl[]s 9 relief1 ( :i* "s idea may be =m$ f our specim54 ,ano!r1 & a v curi\s "w1 is /ill reproduc$1 & specim5s c occasionally be pick$ up 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,ref]5ce is made to ! figures 8,c\nt ,brhl's ,tailor0 & 88 ,wife40 ,! orig9als ( ^! pieces 7 made by ,k&l] 9 #agfj1 "u ! c\nt's directorate4 ,) all 8 pr(ligacy1 ,c\nt ,brhl 0 a good deal ( a wit1 & hav+ be5 repeat$ly reque/$ by 8 tailor to accord him p]mission to look ?r\gh ! manufactory1 at l5g? cons5t$4 ,! tailor pres5t$ himself at ! works 9 due "t1 & 0 !re1 to give him an appetite = f>!r exploration1 pres5t$ ) ! two figures ref]r$ to4 ,9 "o he saw himself a/ride ( a he-goat1 br&i%+ 8 pr(essional %e>s & c>ry+ ! o!r appurt5ances ( 8 bus9ess on 8 back1 :ile ! goat c>ries 8 8goose0 9 its m\?4 ,! o!r figure 0 t ( 8 wife1 ) a baby 9 h] arms1 sitt+ ^u a %e-goat4 ,! discomfit$ tailor saw no m ( ! porcela9 manufactory4 ,! _m elegant =ms & /yles ( ,dresd5 are too num]\s to be detail$4 ,!y embrace vases1 c&le/icks1 snuff-boxes1 butt]flies1 fl[]s1 clock-cases1 & animal figures4 ,! m9iature pa9t+s on "s ( ! small] pieces are exquisitely f9i%$ & wond]fully t9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bie4--;,e>ly ,meiss54 7,a4 ,belmont ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bif4--;,dresd5 ,cup & ,sauc]4 ,m>col9i ,p]iod1 #agif4 7,j4 ,c4 ,runkle ,coll47 ,! annals ( ! la/ c5tury conta9 _m curi\s /ories ( runaway workm5 sell+ _! secrets1 & ( ! /eps tak5 to keep d[n opposition & to acquire a k ( ! manufacture by any means t (f]$4 ,a runaway f ,meiss5 l$ to ! e/abli%m5t at ,vi5na ( a factory 9 #agbj4 ,aft] tw5ty ye>s x rose to consid]able em95ce1 al?\gh 9 bo? pa/e & glaze x is inf]ior to ,dresd54 ,its rais$ gold decorations h br\ght x 9 mod]n times a c]ta9 celebrity4 ,x came to an end dur+ ! directorate ( ,alex&] ,l[e1 :o 0 appo9t$ 9 #ahef4 ,"s excell5t specim5s are 9 ! collections ( ,mr4 ,walt]s1 ( ,baltimore1 & ,mr4 ,gibson1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,f ,vi5na ! secret spread to ,h*/1 :i!r x 0 convey$ by a workman nam$ ,r+l]4 ,r+l] 0 9 ! habit ( c>ry+ ) him writt5 notes reg>d+ ! manufacture4 ,8 fell[-workm5 at ,h*/ made him drunk1 copi$ 8 notes1 & (f]$ ! secret ?us obta9$ = sale at o!r c5tres4 ,"o ( ^! runaways f\nd$ ! work%op ( ,fr/5burg4 ,a few ( ! ,fr/5burg workm5 attempt$ to e/abli% a manufactory at ,neuhaus1 b1 on discov]y1 7 s5t out ( ,brunswick4 ,ano!r ,fr/5burg]1 a fl[] pa9t]1 tri$ to />t ! indu/ry at ,hxt]1 :i!r he _h fl$1 b fail$1 & 0 foll[$ 9 ! endeavor by "o ( ! defraud]s ( poor ,r+l]4 ,?is man's "n 0 ,beck]1 & he succe$$ 9 ,hxt]1 aft] fruitlessly hawk+ 8 secret ?r\gh ,belgium1 ,holl&1 & ,france4 ,he 0 b\ght up by ! (f] ( a p5sion1 & 8 competition 0 ?us br\ght to an end4 ,:5 ,r+l] awoke to a full realization ( ! consequ5ces ( 8 folly at ,h*/1 he w5t to ,frank5?al1 ,bav>ia1 :]e ! factory f\nd$ by ,hannong1 ( ,/rasburg1 made porcela9 9 #agee4 ,?is exi/$ d[n to #ahjj4 ,9 ! mean "t1 h[ev]1 ,r+l] _h left1 z we f9d him fir/ at ,neudeck-,nymph5burg1 9 ,bav>ia1 & !n1 9 #ageh1 f\nd+ a factory at ,ludwigsburg1 ,wrtemb]g1 :i* 0 work$ until #ahba4 ,! porcela9 made "h 0 ( excell5t quality1 & ! figure pieces 7 admirably modell$4 ,aft] ?is we he> no m ( ,r+l]4 ,9 ?is way ! indu/ry spread ov] ! :ole ( ,c5tral ,europe--to ,anspa*1 ,baireu?1 ,bad51 to ,hesse-,cassel1 ,d>m/adt1 & ,?ur+ia1 ea* new work%op becom+ ! c5tre = a numb] ( (f%oots4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #big4--,rec5t ,dresd5 ,porcela9 ,c&elabrum4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bih4--;,b]l9 ,porcela94 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,b]l9 obta9$ a k ( porcela9 by ! pur*ase ( "o ( ! copies ( ! indiscreet ,r+l]'s notes1 & ! indu/ry 0 f\nd$ 9 #agej4 ,let u be> 9 m9d h[ ,fr$]ick c>ri$ (f workm51 arti/s1 tools1 & mat]ial f ,meiss51 & x is n difficult to und]/& ! rise ( ,b]l94 ,! works 7 tak5 by ! ,cr[n 9 #agfc1 & 7 v soon yield+ a h&some income4 ,b]l9 has be5 comp>$ ) ,dresd5 9 its be/ days1 & its works are c]ta9ly ( a high ord]4 ,! ,b]l9 rose-color is peculi> to ! royal factory4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition ! ,knigli* ,preussis*e ,porzellan-manufactur ( ,b]l9 0 almo/ ! sole repres5tative ( ! porcela9 indu/ry ( ,g]many4 ,! majority ( ! pieces 7 ( an ornam5tal "*1 l>ge vases & plaques4 ,a m]e li/ ( !m w %[ 9 :at ! workm5 are n[ busy+ !mselves4 ,!re 7 a ,victoria vase ) a picture ( ,aurora1 aft] ,guido ,r5i2 ,g]mania vase ) pictures ( ,g]mania cultivat+ ! arts & sci5ces1 & ,prussia ! %ield & protectress ( ! empire1 aft] ,von ,heyd52 ,crat] vase ) 8,triumphal ,procession ( ,k+ ,w9e10 aft] ,s*rdt]2 ,crat] vase ) picture ( ,helios1 aft] ,s*9kel2 vases 9 ,neogrec /yle ) pa9t+s aft] ,b5demann2 ,victoria vase ) 8,music10 aft] ,klb]2 ,urb9o vases1 amphora vases1 & sev]al sets 9 ! ,p]sian1 ,*9ese1 & ,japanese /yles4 ,all ^! pieces 7 ( l>ge size1 ! l>ge/ ab\t six feet 9 height4 ,besides ^! !re 7 c&elabra1 pictures on *9a enamel1 table s]vices1 bu/s1 & "s beautiful specim5s 9 biscuit4 ,! collection probably repres5t$ v fairly ! ext5t ( ! art practis$ at ,b]l91 & ! be/ "w ( ! ,g]many ( to-day4 ,9 e case !re 7 to be f\nd great ri*ness & admirable h&l+ ( colors1 b x requires "t to become accu/om$ to ! ,g]man /yles ( draw+4 ,_m ( ! figures pa9t$ on ! surface1 ev5 ^? %[+ ! utmo/ delicacy ( t9t1 7 h>dly entitl$ to be describ$ z graceful4 ,o!rs 7 absolutely clumsy4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bii4--;,b]l9 ,porcela9 ,vase4 7,a4 ,belmont ,coll47 ,! vase f ,mr4 ,augu/ ,belmont's collection 7,fig4 #bii7 is 9 bo? =m & color a good example ( ! art workman%ip ( ,b]l94 ,! gr\nd color is a s(t & beautiful %ade ( gre52 & ! h&les1 base1 neck1 & frame ( ! m$allion are 9 gold4 ,! portrait 9 ! latt] is t ( ! ,que5 ( ,prussia1 ! "m ( ,william1 ! pres5t ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 & is said to be a v correct lik5ess4 ,,holl&4 ,! fir/ natural porcela9 factory 9 ,holl& 0 f\nd$ 9 #agfd1 at ,weesp1 ne> ! capital4 ,x 0 clos$ 9 #agga4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! bus9ess 0 recomm5c$ at ,loosdre*t1 ne> ,utre*t1 & 0 c>ri$ on !re1 & aft] #aghb at ,am/el1 ) mod]ate success until ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,sev]al o!r e/abli%m5ts1 notably "o 9 #aggh at ! ,hague1 rose1 & 9 a few ye>s fell4 ,! entire hi/ory ( porcela9 9 ! c\ntry may be compris$ 9 tw5ty-five ye>s1 f #agfj to #aghe4 ,9 ,belgium !re 01 9 #agia1 a factory ( natural pa/e at ,brussels4 ,,switz]l&4 ,switz]l& ow$ its fir/ work%op at ,zri* to "o ( ,r+l]'s workm5 f ,h*/4 ,x 0 c>ri$ on = five ye>s1 until #agfh1 & ! productions are aft] ! ,g]man /yle4 ,imitations ( ! ,fr5* /yle ( ,svres came = a "t f ,nyon1 :]e a ,fr5*man e/abli%$ a work%op4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,russia1 ,,d5m>k1 ,,& ,,sc&9avia4 ,sc&9avian ,pott]y alli$ to ,teutonic4--,h&-%ap$ ,vessels4--,primitive ,kiln4--,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4--,/4 ,pet]sburg3 ,its ,porcela94--,mosc[4--,ror/r&4--,m>ieb]g4 --,mod]n ,sw$i% ,fai5ce4--,d5m>k4--,kiel4--,cop5hag54--, imitations ( ,greek4--,cop5hag5 ,porcela94 ,! prehi/oric pott]y ( ! ,sc&9avians is1 9 its g5]al "*1 alli$ to ! ,teutonic4 ,x is curi\s to f9d ,brongni>t describ+ me?ods ( %ap+ vessels by h& & burn+ !m 9 a hole1 ) hay = fuel1 z be+ /ill practis$ 9 ,sc&9avia1 :i* x is q probable h be5 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation = untold c5turies4 ,a d>k-gray1 calc>e\s1 co>se pa/e & h]r+-bone decoration are met ) 9 ! vessels ( ! ,/one ,age4 ,o!rs app>5tly ( ! same age 7 ?r[n on ! :eel4 ,! hut-%ap$ urn also occurs1 & r>e specim5s are surm\nt$ by a cov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cjj4--,russian ,fai5ce4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,f ^! anci5t times we may desc5d at once to ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 #agjj ,pet] ! ,great e/abli%$ "s ,delft pott]s at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & a private work%op is m5tion$ z exi/+ at ,revel1 b little is kn[n ( ei!r4 ,pet] ! ,great 0 also desir\s ( f\nd+ ! porcela9 indu/ry )9 8 dom9ions1 b does n appe> to h made any f>!r progress ?an br++ toge!r a collection ( ,*9ese porcela9 ) ,russian decoration4 ,9 #agef ,elizabe? e/abli%$ a work%op ne> ! capital1 & "s ye>s lat] x 0 enl>g$ by ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ,ab\t sixty ye>s ago a numb] ( ,svres arti/s 7 import$1 & f t "t d[n to ! pres5t a v sup]ior natural porcela9 has be5 made4 ,9 #agef an e/abli%m5t1 also = mak+ natural porcela91 0 f\nd$ ne> ,mosc[4 ,! royal works made no contribution to ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 b "s porcela9 0 exhibit$ ( f9e transluc5t pa/e & mo/ extravagant price4 ,s+le cups & sauc]s1 ( f9e body1 b n *>act]iz$ ei!r by rem>kable elegance ( %ape or beauty ( decoration1 7 (f]$ = #bj4 ,"s small plaques ( majolica 7 also exhibit$1 ( c>eful workman%ip & ta/eful ornam5tation4 ,! ,/4 ,pet]sburg porcela9 made at ! royal works is s high 9 price t x is said to be b\ght only = ! ,c\rt4 ,! ,russian fai5ce 7,fig4 #cjj7 ( ! pres5t "t is decorat$ 9 /yles altoge!r peculi>4 ,x illu/rates ! ard5t desire manife/$ = "s ye>s pa/ ?r\gh\t ,russia to re> a di/9ctively ,muscovite s*ool ( art4 ,natural porcela9 has be5 made at ,korzec1 9 ,pol&1 s9ce #agbc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cja4--,sw$i% ,fai5ce ,/ove4 7,wm4 ,a/or ,coll47 ,! fir/ ,sw$i% fai5ce factory 0 e/abli%$ at ,ror/r& 9 #agbg1 & is /ill runn+2 & 9 #agej a second ent]prise 0 set on foot at ,m>ieb]g1 also 9 ! neighborhood ( ,/ockholm4 ,! e>li] ,ror/r& w>es resemble ^? ( ,delft4 ,! decorations are 9 "s cases delicate & well design$4 ,m lately ,sw$5 has produc$ a great v>iety ( v beautiful fai5ce4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition we _h an opportunity ( mak+ acqua9tance ) ! ,/ockholm pott]s ?r\gh works n less surpris+ ?an arti/ic4 ,! imitations ( ,palissy's ,ru/iques figul9es may be pass$ ov]4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ pieces 7 ( :at 0 call$ 8black nor!rn fai5ce10 ! pa/e ( :i* is a skilfully manipulat$ f9e d>k-br[n clay4 ,_m ( ! tea-sets & vases might easily h be5 mi/ak5 = porcela94 ,a peculi> & v effective ornam5tation consi/$ ( blue1 gilt1 r$1 & :ite floral designs1 ! :ite enamel hav+ a *>m+ pe>ly appe>ance1 & ! blue /uds resembl+ turquoises4 ,"o ( ! be/ specim5s ( ?is fai5ce 0 a fireplace 7,fig4 #cja7 elaborately decorat$ ) pale-blue & gre51 ( delicate %ades m+l$ ) gilt4 ,9 bo? design & color ?is "w 0 ( itself suffici5t to e/abli% ! "* ( ,sw$i% c]amic art4 ,x 0 accompani$ by a pair ( gigantic c&elabra 7,fig4 #cjb7 ( a simil> /yle4 ,a qua9tly =m$ vase 0 surr\nd$ by m$allions illu/rative ( ! life ( ! old ,vik+s1 f ! "t :5 ! boy play$ ) 8 fa!r's sword to t :5 ! w>-worn h]o 0 laid 9 8 grave4 ,! design 0 excell5t 9 conception & execution4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cjb4--,sw$i% ,fai5ce ,c&elabrum4 7,wm4 ,a/or ,coll47 ,x is n improbable t ! ,sw$i% works may be involv$ 9 "s su* confusion z t :i* surr\nd$ ! e>ly w>es ( ,delft4 ,?us we f9d1 9 #agbi1 ,ror/r& inve/$ ) ! monopoly ( mak+ porcela9 ( delft1 i4 e41 fai5ce4 ,9 #agce ! privilege includ$ fay5ce f9e et pate dure1 & 9 #agei ,dr4 ,ehr5ri* 0 privileg$ to make porcela9 & fai5ce at ,m>ieb]g4 ,"s ( ! ,m>ieb]g w>es are 9 excell5t ta/e1 %[+ exquisitely modell$ fl[]s & fruit 9 relief4 ,x is s+ul> t :51 9 #aghj1 ! /ock at ,m>ieb]g 0 sold (f1 "s ( x 0 dispos$ ( 9 ,london "u ! "n ( delft4 ,! works at ,ror/r& clos$ 9 #aghh4 ,a k9d ( fai5ce hav+ a resemblance to ! ,sw$i% is manufactur$ ne> ,*ri/iania1 9 ,norway 7,fig4 #cjc74 ,x is made into table s]vices1 & ! decoration p>takes l>gely ( ! classical "* s widely preval5t 9 ! ,nor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cjc4--,norwegian ,fai5ce1 ,s*w>z5horn4 7,w4 ,b4 ,dick]man ,coll47 ,d5m>k 0 fir/ kn[n by ! productions ( ,kiel1 ( :i* ! ?9 pa/e is c>efully prep>$1 & ! pa9t+s are highly comm5dable4 ,! ,greek imitations by ,madame ,ips51 ( ,cop5hag51 h be5 an agreeable surprise to ,am]icans4 ,greek vases are imitat$ at ?is e/abli%m5t ) equal fidelity & beauty4 ,! _w appe>s nev] to tire ( ^! =ms1 & ! amateurs ( ,am]ica are to-day busily engag$ 9 attempt+ to foll[ ! pott]s ( ,d5m>k1 ,engl&1 ,brazil1 & we "k n ( :at o!r c\ntries4 ,! wid[ ,ips5's works are c]ta9ly well execut$2 & /&+ among !m at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 x 0 h>d to realize t "o 0 "u ! flag ( ,d5m>k4 ,!re 7 _m !re :i* we might h address$1 ) ,keats3 8,:at leaf-fr+$ leg5d haunts ab\t y\r %ape ,( deities or mortals1 or ( bo?1 ,9 ,tempe or ! vales ( ,arcady8 ,:at m5 or gods are ^!80 ,bo? =m & ornam5tation 7 z purely ,greek z ^? ( any pott]y une>!d by ! antiqu>y4 ,! biga1 quadriga1 sc5es f ! ,iliad & my?ology1 appe> j z !y d on ! works ( ! ma/] pott]s ( antiquity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cjd4--;,ips5 ,t]ra-cotta4 7,ov+ton ,bros4 ,coll47 ,:at has be5 said ( ! ,ips5 factory might be appli$ ) equal tru? to ! t]ra-cotta works ( ,w5dri* ,sons1 also ( ,cop5hag54 ,greek vessels ( e description1 & illu/rat+ bo? anci5t ,greek & mod]n ,dani% /yles ( decoration1 be> _! "n1 & c be fully /udi$ 9 su* a collection z t ( ,mr4 ,t4 ,s*midt1 at ! ,dani% ,consulate1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,dani% imitators1 9 rivall+ ea* o!r1 h left mo/1 if n all1 ( _! competitors f> beh9d1 & ! fact leads u to consid] at great] l5g? ! circum/ances :i* l$ a p app>5tly s di/antly remov$ f ! ,greeks 9 g5ius1 to foll[ !m 9 ?is p>ticul> bran* ( art4 ,fir/ among ^! 0 ! weighty influ5ce ev]y:]e felt ( ! greate/ ( ,dani% arti/s1 ! sculptor ,?orvalds54 ,9 him we h an in/ance ( a s+le man turn+1 9 a measure1 ! curr5t ( ?\ght ( an entire p4 ,! titles ( 8 works %[ ! subjects :i* t\* 8 arti/ic sympa?y4 ,in/ead ( ! ,sc&9avian ,od91 ,?or1 ,baldur1 ,sigurd1 ,freia1 ,brunhild1 or ,gudrun1 we h ,apollo1 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,hebe1 ,ganym$e1 & ! h]oes ( ! ,iliad4 ,?orvalds5 0 fasc9at$ by ! classic art ( ,greece1 & x oblit]at$ f 8 memory ! my?ology & leg5ds ( ! ,nor?4 ,:ile he gave u ,hebe1 x 0 res]v$ = 8 pupil & successor1 ,biss51 to give u ! m truly national ,valkyrie4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cje4--;,ips5 ,t]ra-cotta ,leky?os4 7,ov+ton ,bros4 ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cjf4--;,dani% ,t]ra-cotta4 7,ov+ton ,bros4 ,coll47 ,a second reason may h be5 ! possession ( a f9e pale-buff clay admirably adapt$ = imitat+ ! antiques ( ,greece4 8,9 texture10 says ,b\tell1 8x is s f9e t x is capable ( produc+ bas-relief m$allions n l>g] ?an cameo gems1 9 :i* ! figures h ! %>pness ( ! gems !mselves1 ) a surface ( exquisite & silk-l s(tness40 ,on ! "o h& 0 ! mat]ial1 on ! o!r ! ,?orvalds5 museum pres5t+ 8! noble/ models = us+ x ) ! happie/ effect40 ,! way to antiquity hav+ ?us be5 op5$ up1 ! ,dani% pott]s wid5$ ! range ( _! art1 & f\nd 9 ,etruria & ,egypt abundant models = imitation4 ,our classification mu/ be ( ! mo/ g5]al "*4 ,=ms are reproduc$ ) ! mo/ p]fect fidelity1 & ! natural color ( ! buff clay *anges ?r\gh t9ts ( w>m br[n & r$ to black1 accord+ to ! orig9al4 ,! ornam5tation is exce$+ly v>i$4 ,on "s ( ! vases are subjects1 tak5 f ! pott]y ( ,greece1 pa9t$ 9 r$ ^u a black gr\nd1 or 9 black ^u buff1 z we f9d !m 9 ,greece4 ,^! comprise ! fir/ class1 & are 9 ! /ricte/ s5se reproductions ( ! antique4 ,9 o!rs1 :ile ! accessory decoration is ,greek1 ! subjects are tak5 f ! sculptures or bas-reliefs ( ,?orvalds5 or ,flaxman4 ,! 8,triumph ( ,neptune0 ( ! latt]1 & ! _m works ( ! =m]1 be+ purely classical 9 conception & feel+1 are 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! motive animat+ ! arti/s ( ,d5m>k4 ,!re is a ?ird class1 9 :i* ! lead+ designs are ess5tially mod]n1 & no /rict rule is foll[$ 9 accessory decoration4 ,?us1 an amphora aft] ! ,greek1 9 =m & accessories1 has a c5tral design tak5 f ,?orvalds5's bas-relief 8,autumn40 ,egyptian amphor & o!r black-glaz$ vases are pa9t$ ) naturally t9t$ b\quets ( fl[]s1 & ?us 9 =m & gr\nd-color alone sugge/ ! antique4 ,at times ! sev]al /yles are m+l$4 ,! colors mo/ ext5sively us$ are r$ ( sev]al %ades1 gold1 blue1 :ite1 buff1 & black4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cjg--,w5dri* ,t]ra-cotta4 7,t4 ,s*midt ,coll47 ,leav+ ! s\!rn antique1 ! ,dani% pott]s h also reproduc$ ! prehi/oric vessels ( _! native l& 9 sev]al simple & elegant =ms4 ,! orig9als 7 f\nd 9 ! tombs ( ! anci5t ,danes1 & supply _! desc5dants ) an opportunity ( p]petuat+ an art ess5tially ,norse4 ,! national side ( ,dani% art is also se5 9 _m ( ! t]ra-cotta /atuettes & m$allions4 ,we pass ov] ! copies ( ,?orvalds5's classical sculptures 9 ord] to rea* ! comical figures1 full ( humor1 "*1 & feel+1 ( ! elfi% ,niss] ( ! old ,norsem54 ,! /atuettes ( ^! elves1 & _m qua9t little figures ( peasants1 fi%]m51 & ! l1 are v attractive1 bo? intr9sically & z reflections ( ,dani% old-"t sup]/ition & ,dani% life4 ,"o ( ! ,niss] appe>s ^u ! top ( a fl[]-/&1 & we meet ) !m aga9 9 ! pa9t+s ^u porcela94 ,a w>m1 satisfy+ quietude & an elevation ( tone p]vade ^! works 9 t]ra-cotta1 :i*1 add$ to _! arti/ic m]its1 comm5d !m to ! /ud5t ( h\sehold decoration1 & insure a welcome f all :o c appreciate _! m+l$ s(tness & *a/e dignity4 ,tak+ ,dani% porcela9 z a :ole1 x is bo? ( good quality & ta/efully decorat$4 ,! pa/e is pure1 f9e 9 texture1 & c>efully work$4 ,9 ?9 pieces1 :i* approa* v ne>ly ! egg-%ell ( ! ,ea/1 ! body is extremely transluc5t1 & ! glaze is smoo?1 h>d1 & ev54 ,?is quality comes 9 flut$ s]vices1 decorat$ "u ! glaze ) delicate patt]ns1 g5]ally floral1 9 blue camaeu4 ,9 ?ick] pieces great] /r5g? is ga9$ )\t any sacrifice ( quality4 ,/yles ( decoration m peculi>ly ,european occur 9 great v>iety1 & illu/rate ! ,dani% arti/'s capacity = h&l+ ! ri*] colors ( ! porcela9 pa9t]'s palette4 ,fl[]s1 birds1 insects1 & l&scapes are se5 9 m$allions edg$ ) gold2 & cupids or ,niss]1 z grotesque z ^? 9 t]ra-cotta1 are repres5t$ 9 e conceivable attitude4 ,! fl[] pieces are drawn ) feel+1 & ! color+ foll[s t ( nature z closely z ! m$ium w all[4 ,9 ! figure pieces ! attitudes are1 z a rule1 expressive1 & sugge/ive ( life & motion4 ,_m ( ,?orvalds5's works1 & "s ( ^? ( ,biss5 & ,j]i*au1 h be5 reproduc$ 9 biscuit /atuettes & bas-relief m$allions4 ,:ile lack+ ! w>m? ( t]ra-cotta1 ! porcela9 biscuit is %>p 9 outl9e & s(t 9 color4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cjh4--;,cop5hag5 ,porcela94 ,:ite1 ,%ad$ ) ,blue4 7,mrs4 ,john ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,porcela9 0 made at ,cop5hag5 7,fig4 #cjh7 9 #agfj1 :]e a ,fr5*man nam$ ,f\rni] e/abli%$ a work%op4 ,9 #aggb ano!r e/abli%m5t 0 f\nd$1 or t ( ,f\rni] 0 reviv$1 by ! ,m9i/] ( ,ju/ice1 ,mull]1 assi/$ by a fugitive f ,fr/5burg1 nam$ ,von ,lang4 ,9 #agge x 0 tak5 into ! h&s ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & is n[ call$ ! ,royal ,porcela9 ,works4 ,_m ornam5tal pieces & works 9 biscuit are issu$ ( diff]5t decrees ( m]it4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,& ,,irel&4 ,cont9uity ( ,hi/ory4--,e>ly ,briti% ,urns4--,scotti% ,relics4--,iri% ,urns4--,roman ,conque/4--,cai/or ,w>e4--,anglo-,roman ,w>e4--,saxon ,p]iod4--,aft] ! ,norman ,conque/4--,tiles4--,dut* ,pott]ies 9 ,engl&4--,engli% ,delft4--,/one-w>e4--,s&wi*4--,/af=d%ire ,pott]ies4--,e>ly ,products4--,! ,t(ts4--,salt ,glaze4--,broadwell & ! ,el]s ,family4--,use ( ,calc9$ ,fl9t4--,w$gwood4--,8 ,life4--,jasp] ,w>e4--,que5's ,w>e4--,! ,portl& ,vase4--,basaltes4--,w$gwood's ,removal to ,etruria4--,8 ,dea?4--,m9ton ,co4--,_! ,imitations ( ! ,ori5tal4--,pate ,*angeante4--,pate-sur-,pate4--,cloisonn ,enamel on ,porcela94--,o!r ,reproductions4--,_! ,majolica4--,_! ,arti/s4--,m9ton1 ,holl9s ,co4--,lambe?4--,d\lton ,w>e4--,t]ra-cotta & ,/one-w>e4--,george ,t9wor?4--,fulham4 --,bri/ol4--,le$s4--,liv]pool4--,l[e/(t4 --,y>m\?4--,nott+ham4 --,%rop%ire4--,york%ire4 ,! c]amic hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,isles is inve/$ ) a peculi> int]e/ by reason ( its ne>ly p]fect cont9uity f ! e>ly ,celtic works to ! ,romano-,briti% w>es1 ! e>ly ,saxon1 ! ,norman m$ival imitations ( ,s>ac5ic til+1 ! lead-glaz$ w>es ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! /one-w>e ( ! same p]iod1 ! pott]y ( ,/af=d%ire & ,w$gwood1 ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,engli% porcela91 & s on1 d[nw>d1 to ! works ( ,m9ton1 ,d\lton1 & o!rs at ! pres5t "t4 ,9 no o!r c\ntry d we f9d mat]ial = an equally lucid illu/ration ( ! regul> advance ( ! art f ! primitive & rude to ! elaborate1 beautiful1 & skilful4 ,engl& supplies u ) a wond]ful & 9 e way admirable picture ( ! efficacy ( p]si/5t skill$ endeavor 9 cont5d+ ) te*nical difficulty4 ,f ! old tumuli1 or b>r[s1 h be5 exhum$ urns 9 :i* 7 held ! c9]>y rema9s ( ! dead 7,fig4 #cji74 ,! diff]5ces exi/+ among !m are su*1 9 reg>d to bo? composition1 %ape1 & ornam5t1 t !y evid5tly belong to diff]5t p]iods & to diff]5t bran*es or tribes ( ! e>ly ,briti% population4 ,!y h be5 f\nd all ov] ,engl&1 f ! ,*annel ,isl&s to ,nor?umb]l&4 ,!y are sun-dri$ & h&-made1 & h wide orifices1 (t5 exp&+ gradually f a comp>atively n>r[ base to ! lip4 ,!y are pale 9 color1 ei!r yell[ or gray1 & ! ornam5tation consi/s ( zigzags1 frets1 & /uds4 ,9 ,scotl& ! g5]al "* ( ! rema9s is ! same z t ( ! ,engli%4 ,! appe>ance ( a numb] ( !m sugge/s1 h[ev]1 ! use ( ! :eel4 ,!y h be5 exhum$ 9 e "p ( ,scotl&1 f ! ,twe$ to ! ,orkney ,isl&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cji4--;,gr\p ( ,anci5t ,briti% ,vases4 ,! ,iri% urns are some:at 9 advance ( ^? f\nd 9 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,! r$ pa/e %[s t consid]able c>e 0 be/[$ ^u its prep>ation1 & ! entire body is v (t5 cov]$ ) ornam5ts ( l9es & zigzags4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! ,engli% & ,scot*1 we are indebt$ = ! pres]vation ( ^! relics ( ! ,iri% ,celts to a usage :i* our rese>*es h %[n to be almo/ univ]sal1 t ( employ+ urns 9 connection ) ! int]m5t ( ! dead4 ,cremation 0 n resort$ to 9 e in/ance4 ,! ,celts put ! a%es 9 ! urns1 or cov]$ !m by inv]t+ ! urns ov] ! spot :]e ! a%es 7 laid1 or plac$ _! sepul*ral vases r\nd ! unburnt rema9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #caj4--;,celtic ,urn4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #caa4--;,celtic ,pott]y1 f\nd 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,9 ! fir/ c5tury be=e ,*ri/ ! tide ( ,roman conque/ pass$ ! :ite cliffs ( ,albion1 & a new elem5t 0 introduc$ into its c]amics4 ,!re1 z else:]e1 ! ,romans made & import$ ! w>e1 ( :i* examples h be5 br\ght to light all ov] ! old ,roman ,empire1 f ,engl& to ,j]usalem4 ,! ext5t to :i* ! manufacture 0 c>ri$ 9 ,engl& may be e/imat$ f "o fact /at$ by ,dr4 ,bir*1 t ! ,roman pott]ies h be5 trac$ = tw5ty miles along ! gravel banks ( ! ,n51 9 ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,cai/or1 9 ! same c\nty1 is an exceptionally int]e/+ locality1 z bo? e>ly ,celtic w>es & ! rema9s ( a ,roman kiln h be5 f\nd !re4 ,"u ! ,romans x mu/ h be5 an important seat ( ! manufacture1 z its productions h be5 une>!d at sev]al places on ! ,cont95t--9 ,france & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,! ,cai/or w>e is v (t5 ornam5t$ ) unusual skill & ta/e by means ( reliefs4 ,! ,roman ,samian w>e is f\nd 9 _m sections ( ,engl&1 :i!r x 0 probably import$4 ,"s ( ! specim5s belong+ to ! latt] "p ( ! ,roman p]iod1 & to be class$ z ,anglo-,roman1 are ( a ?9 black pa/e1 c>efully wr\ght & totally devoid ( ornam5t4 ,aft] ! arrival ( ! ,saxons ! pott]y 0 m closely alli$ to ! ,teutonic f\nd 9 ,g]many 7,fig4 #cad74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cab4--,romano-,briti% ,w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cac4--,romano-,briti% ,up*ur* ,w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cad4--,saxon ,vase4 ,! urns are black1 h&-made1 & /amp$ ) a v>iety ( decorative designs4 ,! %apes are heavy1 & ! appliances = fir+ 7 app>5tly ( a rude k9d4 ,( ! ,anglo-,saxon p]iod few relics h be5 discov]$1 & little is 9 consequ5ce kn[n4 ,"o fragm5t ( ! elev5? c5tury1 or possibly e>li]1 is describ$ by ,mr4 ,m>ryat z 8( a yell[ color1 co>sely made & unglaz$40 ,x seems probable t ! di/urbances att5dant ^u ! ,norman invasion 9 #ajff di/ract$ ! popul> att5tion f ! pla/ic art1 z ! next evid5ces ( its pursuit belong *iefly to ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,^! are ! tiles employ$ 9 pav+ ! ecclesia/ical edifices ( ! day4 ,9 ! great] numb] ! patt]ns are inlaid1 or fill$ 9 ) :ite pa/e1 & ! :ole !n glaz$ yell[4 ,to ?is class belong ! ?irte5? c5tury tiles f ,*]tsey ,abbey1 9 ,surrey1 & ^? ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies f ,malmesbury ,abbey & ,malv]n4 ,^? f ,*]tsey are peculi>ly elaborate4 ,"o has a sc5e repres5t+ a k+ & a female h>p]1 surr\nd$ by a circul> bord]1 ! :ole =m+ ! inside ( a squ>e ri*ly ornam5t$ 9 ! corn]s & on ! sides4 ,! ,malv]n tiles are also v elaborately decorat$ ) designs ( an app>5tly h]aldic "*4 ,ano!r /yle ( tile decoration1 foll[$ f ! ?irte5? to ! eighte5? c5tury1 consi/$ ( m\ld+s 9 relief4 ,! glaze is gre5 or br[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cae4--;,anglo-,norman ,vases4 ,9 o!rs ! patt]ns are incis$1 b n fill$ 94 ,a v good example ( ?is /yle is to be se5 9 ,craud5's *apel at ,ely4 ,! f\r? /yle ( decoration 0 ^u ! pate-sur-pate pr9ciple--a :ite pa/e be+ employ$ z a pigm5t ^u ! body ( ! tile1 aft] :i* ! piece 0 glaz$4 ,! introduction ( til+ = pavem5ts & walls 0 evid5tly 9 a great measure due to ,engli% int]c\rse ) ,spa9 & ! ,ea/4 ,t[>d ! close ( ! elev5? c5tury1 :ile ,engl& _h n yet recov]$ f ! fir/ %ock ( ! ,norman invasion1 ,pet] ! ,h]mit 0 c>ry+ f l& to l& ! anti-,s>ac5ic ,gospel ( ! ,sword1 :i* l$ to ! ,fir/ ,crusade4 ,fifty ye>s lat]1 9 #aadg1 ! ,second ,crusade 0 organiz$1 :ile ,engl& 0 /ill groan+ "u ! oppression ( h] rul]s4 ,9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! twelf? c5tury ! ,saxon *ronicl] says3 8,god sees ! wret*$ p mo/ unju/ly oppress$3 fir/ !y are despoil$ ( _! possessions1 !n but*]$40 ,"u ,/eph51 8,m5 said op5ly t ,*ri/ & 8 sa9ts 7 asleep40 ,cle>ly ?is 0 no "t ei!r = jo9+ 9 crusades or cultivat+ art4 ,:51 9 #aahi1 ! ,?ird ,crusade 0 arrang$1 ,ri*>d ! ,lion-he>t$ 0 "o ( ! ?ree sov]eigns :o jo9$ 9 ! ineffectual ent]prise4 ,) 8 foll[]s may h be5 br\ght back ! inc5tives to art cultivation :i* make _! effects app>5t 9 ! next c5tury4 ,! gov]nm5t 01 9 ! mean "t1 tak+ ! =m :i* x assum$ be=e ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & :i* x has reta9$ ev] s9ce4 ,political & art hi/ory "h run exactly p>allel4 ,giv5 disord] & despair+ apa?y1 & art is unkn[n4 ,b let ord] take ! place ( *aos1 & con/itutional rule t ( despotism1 & ! disc>d$ arts aga9 blossom into fl[]4 ,ea/]n influ5ces manife/$ !mselves 9 ,engl& almo/ contemporane\sly ) ! revival ( ! c]amic art4 ,on "o specim5 f ,ely1 a scriptural subject--,eve (f]+ ! apple to ,adam1 :ile a human-head$ s]p5t coils itself r\nd ! tree--is surr\nd$ by sev]al designs ( cle>ly ,s>ac5ic or ,moori% inspiration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #caf4--,old ,tile f ,salisbury4 7,bo/on ,h\sehold ,art ,rooms47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cag4--,old ,tile f ,milton ,abbey4 7,bo/on ,h\sehold ,art ,rooms47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cah4--,old ,tile f ,*e/]4 7,bo/on ,h\sehold ,art ,rooms47 ,= at lea/ f\r c5turies tiles =m$ ! /aple production ( ! pott]s ( ,engl&4 ,! annals indicate a popul> indiff]5ce to ! dome/ic use ( e>!n-w>e1 :i* contra/s /rongly ) m s\!rn pref]5ces4 ,9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,i4 a *ance c>go f ,spa91 conta9+ "s plates & o!r h\sehold table-w>es1 rea*$ ,engl&1 b fail$ to affect ! national use ( wood5 tr5*]s1 lea!rn jugs1 & metal4 ,lead-glaz$ pott]y 01 h[ev]1 made z e>ly z ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ?\gh n to a great ext5t4 ,! specim5s :i* h be5 pres]v$ are g5]ally co>se 9 texture1 & are cov]$ ) gre5 or yell[ glaze4 ,a ew] ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury is rudely design$ to repres5t a m\nt$ knight4 ,o!r examples ( ! same p]iod are jugs1 ( :i* "s are in>ti/ically =m$1 :ile o!rs are n devoid ( a c]ta9 gracefulness ( %ape4 ,co/rels1 or co/rils 7elongat$ bottles :i* answ]$ ! purpose ( ! mod]n flask71 occur ( a r$ pa/e ) r$ & :ite glaze4 ,a c&le/ick ) :ite /uds = ornam5ts has be5 f\nd ( ! same r$ color4 ,z we pass to ! lat] works ( ,engli% pott]s1 we become consci\s ( ! difficulty ( foll[+ our usual plan ( divid+ !m into pott]y1 /one-w>e ) vitrifi$ fracture1 & porcela94 ,! treatm5t ( ! "n ( ,w$gwood alone w\ld make su* an arrangem5t undesirable1 z t5d+ to break ! cont9uity ( our n>rative4 ,/one-w>e & e>!n-w>e w !re=e be consid]$ toge!r4 ,! mak+ ( bo? enamell$ pott]y & /one-w>e appe>s to h be5 an import$ indu/ry4 ,dut* pott]s are said to h settl$ at bo? ,lambe? & ,fulham 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & to h !re orig9at$ ! manufacture ( :at 0 call$ 8,delft10 aft] ! "n ( ! seat ( ! indu/ry 9 ,holl&4 ,:ite w9e-pots ( ?is w>e date f ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,plates1 oval & r\nd di%es1 mugs & cups1 ( ! same w>e appe> 9 v>i\s collections1 "s ) figures 9 relief1 o!rs ) pa9t+s 9 br[n1 blue1 yell[1 & gre51 & o!rs ) m$allions or mottoes4 ,!y g5]ally date f betwe5 #afej & #afij4 ,delft 0 also made 9 ,liv]pool & 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( /one-w>e occurs 9 #aeha1 9 ! petition ( a c]ta9 ,william ,simpson1 = 8full p[] & onlie lic5ce to provyde1 transport1 & br+ into ?is realm1 dr9k+ /one pottes0 made at ,cologne & transport$ into ,engl& by a deal] liv+ 9 ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,z a reason :y 8 pray] %\ld be grant$1 ,simpson /at$ t he w\ld1 8z mu* z 9 him lie?1 drawe ! mak+ ( su* l pottes into "s decay$ t[n )9 ?is realm1 :]eby _m hundr$ poore m5 may be sett a "w40 ,:e!r he f\nd "s decay$ t[n suitable = ! c>ry+ out ( 8 philan?ropic int5t does n appe>2 b 9 #aehh a ,delft pott] 0 c>ry+ on 8 bus9ess at ,s&wi*4 ,lambe?1 ,fulham1 & ! ,/af=d%ire pott]ies appe> among ! lat] produc]s ( /one-w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cai4--,posset-pot4 ,/af=d%ire4 ,fifte5? c5tury4 7,bateman ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbj4--,/af=d%ire ,tyg1 or ,dr9k+-cup4 ,! lead+ ,engli% c5tres are ! ,/af=d%ire ,pott]ies1 includ+ ,tun/all1 ,burslem1 ,hanley1 ! ,f5tons1 & o!r t[ns compris+ ,/oke-^u-,tr5t1 ,lambe?1 ,fulham1 ,liv]pool1 ,le$s1 ,l[e/(t1 ,bri/ol1 ,y>m\?1 & ,nott+ham4 ,( ^! ! place ( honor mu/ be accord$ to ,/af=d%ire4 ,x has be5 associat$ ) ! c]amic art ev] s9ce ! ,roman invasion2 & ! "n ( a family 9 ! di/rict 7,tellwright7 is adduc$ z a pro( t "u ! ,saxons ! advantages ( ! locality = ! mak+ ( pott]y 7 fully recogniz$4 ,! "n is a corruption ( tile-wright1 or pott]4 ,_m int]e/+ facts relat+ to ,engli% pott]y 9 g5]al1 & to t ( ,/af=d%ire 9 p>ticul>1 are br\ght toge!r by ,mr4 ,m>ryat1 ^: able "w des]ves ! /udy ( all desir\s ( foll[+ ! gradual developm5t ( ! art 9 ,engl&4 ,e>ly specim5s ( ,/af=d%ire w>e are ! butt]-pots ( ! p]iod1 & ! tall vessels 7,fig4 #cbj7 call$ 8,tygs40 ,ab\t #afej1 ,?omas & ,ralph ,t(t & ,?omas ,sans 7 mak+ r\nd di%es ) "s pret5sions to an ornam5tal "*4 ,! ye> #afhj 0 made memorable by ! discov]y ( salt glaze4 ,! /ory goes t a s]vant ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,yates1 occupant ( ,/anley ,f>m1 ne> ,palm]'s ,pott]y1 ,bagnall1 0 boil+ salt 9 wat] prep>atory to us+ x 9 cur+ pork4 ,an e>!n pot 0 us$ z a pan1 & ! s]vant hav+ left x = a "t1 ! wat] boil$ ov]1 & w\ld also appe> to h all boil$ away1 s9ce ! pan became r$ hot4 ,:5 x cool$ x 0 f\nd to be cov]$ ) :at 0 aft]w>d kn[n z salt glaze4 ,! h9t 0 quickly tak5 by ! pott]s 9 ! neighborhood1 & ! process soon became common4 ,! ,burslem mak]s adopt$ x 9 #afij1 & call$ ! salt-glaz$ w>e 8,cr\*-w>e40 ,five ye>s e>li]1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,miles 0 mak+ /one-w>e at ,%elton1 & ! di/rict production f ab\t t "t increas$ v rapidly4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cba4--,teapot4 ,el]s ,w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbb4--,m$allion ( ,w$gwood1 by ,flaxman4 ,on ,monum5t 9 ,/oke ,p>i% ,*ur*4 ,at ,bradwell1 9 #afij1 ! ,el]s bro!rs1 f ,nuremb]g1 :o _h cross$ ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 set up "o ( ! fir/ e/abli%m5ts work$ ^u a regul> m]cantile basis4 ,x _h be5 = "s "t ! object ( bo? native & ,dut* pott]s to imitate ! r$ w>e ( ,*9a1 & ! ,el]s 7 ! fir/ to rea* approximate success4 ,hav+ discov]$ a b$ ( r$ clay1 !y set ab\t work+ x 9 conjunction ) gray /one-w>e1 ) :i* !y produc$ v f9e reliefs 7,fig4 #cba74 ,not)/&+ ! /ricte/ wat*fulness1 & ! employm5t ( semi-idiotic workm51 _! secret 0 /ol5 by "o ,a/bury1 :o = sev]al ye>s feign$ idiocy 9 ord] to be all[$ to "w 9 _! place1 & 9 t way secure possession ( _! me?ods4 ,! competition !n became s great 9 _! neighborhood t 9 tw5ty ye>s !y clos$ _! e/abli%m5t4 ,_! reliefs 7 rem>kably %>p 9 outl9e1 & ! pa/e 0 ( f9e quality4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbc4--;,cameo ,m$allion1 by ,flaxman4 ,mrs4 ,siddons z ,lady ,macbe?4 ,x is curi\s to f9d t to ano!r accid5t ! ,/af=d%ire pott]s 7 indebt$ = ! discov]y ( ! value ( calc9$ fl9t mix$ 9 ! pa/e4 ,a son ( ! above nam$ ,a/bury 0 rid+ ?r\gh ,dun/able 9 #agbj1 :5 he notic$ symptoms ( disord] 9 8 horse's eyes4 ,! ho/l] at ! inn :]e he /opp$ und]took to cure ! animal by burn+ "s fl9t & bl[+ ! p[d] ?us produc$ into ! horse's eyes4 ,a/bury saw ! du/1 & x at once occurr$ to him t x might be useful 9 8 bus9ess4 ,f calc9$ fl9t1 s&1 & pipe-clay color$ by means ( oxides1 7 made ! w>es call$ 8,agate0 & 8,tortoise-%ell40 ,!n foll[$ ! adoption ( pla/] ( ,p>is m\lds & a m g5]al resort to m\ld+s 9 bas-relief4 ,we n[ approa* ! era made illu/ri\s by ! "n ( ,mr4 ,josiah ,w$gwood 7,fig4 #cbb71 ! greate/ ( ,engli% pott]s1 ( :om x has be5 said1 9 ! mo/ unqualifi$ t]ms3 8,) him ! c]amic art receiv$ its highe/ developm5t 9 anci5t or mod]n times2 = :ile great] beauty ( decoration 9 pa9t+ *>act]iz$ o!r w>es1 he produc$ ! noble/ arti/ic results ( ! m\ld+ 9 clay40 ,h[ev] mu* o!rs may be l$ by individual pref]5ce to qualify ?is encomium1 !re is no d\bt t ,w$gwood ranks among ! highe/ names kn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% c]amic art4 ,born at ,burslem1 9 ,/af=d%ire1 9 #agcj1 ( a family :i* _h be5 engag$ 9 ! mak+ ( pott]y = _m ye>s1 ,josiah enjoy$ 9 e>ly life none ( ! educational advantages :i* might h develop$ 9 him ! promise ( 8 future brilliant c>e]4 ,x is highly probable t 8 s*ool+ did n c>ry him f>!r ?an read+ & writ+1 & at ! age ( elev5 we f9d him engag$ z a ?r[] 9 8 bro!r's work%op4 ,!n came sickness 9 ! wor/ ( all its =ms1 smallpox1 :i* left him s lame t amputation ( "o leg became necess>y1 & end$ 8 c>e] at ! :eel4 ,x is possible t1 9 curr5t phraseology1 ?is mis=tune may h be5 a bless+ 9 disguise4 ,he at once turn$ 8 att5tion to ! production ( ornam5tal pott]y & ! imitation ( preci\s /ones1 mix+ v>i\sly comp\nd$ clays ) oxides1 & o!rwise exp]im5t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbd4--;,black ,basaltes4 7,mey] ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbe4--;,black & ,:ite ,jasp]4 7,b>l[ ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbf4--;,e>ly ,w$gwood4 ,blue2 ,m\ld$4 7,w4 ,s4 ,w>d ,coll47 ,! idea mu/ h got abroad t he _h tal5t1 z1 at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 we f9d him 9 p>tn]%ip ) a ,mr4 ,h>rison1 & !n1 9 #aged1 ) ,mr4 ,?omas ,:eildon1 ( ,f5ton4 ,?is g5tleman lack$ 8 p>tn]'s ent]prise1 & 9 #agei ,w$gwood 0 9 bus9ess = himself1 at ,burslem1 at fir/ 9 a small way1 !n 9 a l>g]1 & aga9 9 a /ill l>g] manufactory4 ,9 ! la/ he made ! w>e call$ 8,que5's-w>e0--a cream-color$ fabric ( v delicate color1 compos$ ( :ite clay mix$ ) fl9t1 & brilliantly glaz$4 ,x d]iv$ its "n f a specim5 s]vice hav+ be5 accept$ by ,que5 ,*>lotte4 ,8 =tune 0 n[ practically gu>ante$1 & 8 c>e] an assur$ success4 ,c\rt patronage made him ! fa%ion 9 ,engl&1 & we also f9d him engag$ 9 an export bus9ess4 ,prosp]ity did n rob him ( any ( 8 e>ly ent]prise1 b r act$ ^u him z an inc5tive to f>!r & great] ex]tion4 ,he cont9u$ /udy+1 inve/igat+1 & exp]im5t+1 & ) ! assi/ance ( 8 p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,b5tley1 pu%$ 8 bus9ess 9 all directions4 ,sev]al k9ds ( e>!n-w>e & /one-w>e 7 produc$ by him 7,fig4 #cbf71 & aft] effect+ v>i\s improvem5ts ^u 8 table w>e1 he turn$ 8 att5tion to ^? imitations ( ! antique1 & ( cameos1 intaglios1 & seals1 ) :i* 8 "n is indissolubly associat$4 ,) ^! are to be class$ 8 fifty copies ( ! ,b>b]9i1 or ,portl& vase 7,fig4 #cbg74 ,! orig9al is glass 9 two /rata--d>k blue & opaque :ite--& is an example ( ,roman "w ( ! second or ?ird c5tury4 ,x 0 b\ght by ! ,duke ( ,portl& = #ajbi4 ,^! works admit ( no classification4 ,"s are e>!n-w>e1 o!rs /one-w>e1 & o!rs are ( su* a composition t !y may be mo/ correctly class$ ) porcela94 ,! "n 8,basaltes0 0 giv5 to a s]ies ( imitations ( ,egyptian /yles 9 black biscuit1 ) reliefs 9 :ite & r$ 7,figs4 #cbd & #cbe74 ,m *>m+ ?an ^! is ! jasp] or onyx w>e f ! blue or s(t gre5 gr\nd ( :i* ! :ite bu/s 7,fig4 #cbh71 figures1 & fl[]s /& out 9 ! mo/ exquisite relief4 ,! biscuit is a porcelane\s /one-w>e1 color$ all ?r\gh by means ( oxides4 ,w$gwood made 9 all m ?an two ?\s& copies ( antique gems4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbg4--,! ,b>b]9i1 or ,portl& ,vase4 ,9 #agga ,w$gwood remov$ f ,burslem to ,etruria1 a village :i* he erect$ 9 proximity to 8 works1 & = ! accommodation ( 8 workm54 ,!re he also built = himself a h&some resid5ce1 :i* he occupi$ until 8 dea?1 9 #agie1 9 ! sixty-fif? ye> ( 8 age4 ,8 decorat$ cream-color$ w>e _h1 9 ! mean "t1 become kn[n all ov] ,europe1 9 ,india1 & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 #agge he made a s]vice = ! ,empress ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 ( ,russia1 und]valu$ at fifte5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,we close our brief sket* ( 8 rem>kable c>e] by not+ t ! success ( ! ,etruria ( 8 f\ndation 0 bas$ ^u comm]ce1 & n ^u royal patronage2 t 8 humble/ works are m>k$ by a ?or\ghness & fitness p>allel ) ! arti/ic qualities ( 8 high] pieces2 & t excell5ce ( workman%ip 0 9 all cases 8 prim>y aim4 ,"o ( 8 contempor>ies & successors 0 ,mr4 ,eno* ,wood1 :o e/abli%$ a work%op at ,burslem 9 #aggj1 & 0 succe$$ by ,messrs4 ,caldwell ,wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbh4--,w$gwood ,jasp]-w>e4 7,john ,w4 ,britton ,coll47 ,! lat] products ( ! ,w$gwood factory are h>dly less v>i$ ?an ^? ( its f\nd]'s lifetime4 ,! jasp]-w>e is /ill produc$1 & al?\gh "s ( ! pieces lack ! exquisite f9i% ( ! orig9al1 o!rs %[ little1 if any1 inf]iority4 ,! plate ( blue jasp]1 ) :ite decoration1 giv5 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ccj71 is a rem>kably f9e example ( rec5t "w4 ,! ,w$gwood majolica is1 bo? 9 reg>d to color & ! modell+ ( ! ornam5ts & figures1 unsurpass$ by any simil> w>e ( ! pres5t "t4 ,( ?is ! vase 7,fig4 #cca7 is an excell5t illu/ration4 ,! body is a cle> deep blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cbi4--,rec5t ,w$gwood ,e>!n-w>e4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,9 our "t ! ,/af=d%ire ,pott]ies ma9ta9 _! old repute4 ,"o well-kn[n "n is t ( ,m9ton4 ,x occurs 9 ?ree firms1 all locat$ 9 ! ,pott]ies3 ,m9ton ,co42 ,m9ton1 ,holl9s ,co41 ( ,/oke-^u-,tr5t2 & ,mr4 ,rob]t ,m9ton ,taylor1 ( ,f5ton4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ,m9ton ,co4 0 f\nd$ :ile ,w$gwood 0 /ill alive1 by ,mr4 ,?omas ,m9ton1 9 #agia4 ,! f\nd] ( ! firm _h be5 successively an employ ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,turn]1 ( ,caughley1 & ( ,spode1 be=e1 9 #aghh1 he w5t to ,/oke1 & !re b\ght l& & built a h\se & factory4 ,9 #agij he took ,spode's manag]1 ,mr4 ,joseph ,paulson1 into p>tn]%ip1 & 9 #agic assum$ a second p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,p[nall4 ,! latt] retir$ 9 #ahjj1 & ,paulson di$ 9 #ahji1 aft] :i*1 = a numb] ( ye>s1 ,?omas ,m9ton c>ri$ on ! works alone4 ,previ\s to #agih ! factory made no?+ b e>!n-w>e1 ! great] portion ( :i* 0 decorat$ 9 blue & :ite1 aft] ! type suppli$ by ! porcela9 ( ,nank94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ccj4--,mod]n ,w$gwood ,jasp]4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,9 #ahag ,h]b]t ,m9ton1 a y\ng] son ( ,?omas1 0 tak5 9 z p>tn] by 8 fa!r1 & al?\gh he practically retir$ f ! bus9ess betwe5 #ahbc & #ahcf1 he succe$$ to x 9 ! latt] ye> on ! dea? ( ! f\nd]4 ,he w5t into p>tn]%ip fir/ ) ,mr4 ,john ,boyle1 :o subsequ5tly jo9$ ! ,w$gwoods1 & secondly ) ,mi*ael ,da9try ,holl9s4 ,at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 9 #aheh1 he _h two p>tn]s1 ,holl9s & ,col9 ,m9ton ,campbell4 ,at t "t fifte5 h&s 7 employ$ 9 ! factory4 ,h]b]t _h direct$ 8 att5tion to ! wide range ( works :i* h s9ce giv5 ! "n ( ,m9ton a _w-wide reputation4 ,^! 7 e>!n-w>e1 artificial porcela91 natural porcela91 p>ian1 encau/ic tiles1 azulejos1 mosaics1 ,della ,robbia w>e1 ,palissy w>e1 & majolica4 ,! ,m9tons divide ) ,copel& ! honor ( fir/ mak+ p>ian4 ,bo? firms exhibit$ x at ! ,london ,exhibition ( #ahea1 & ! jury to :i* ! "q ( priority 0 ref]r$ c\ld n decide betwe5 !m4 ,to cont9ue ! hi/ory ( ! firm1 ,col9 ,m9ton ,campbell dissolv$ 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,holl9s 9 #ahfh1 & n[ c>ries on ! bus9ess 9 connection ) 8 c\s9s1 ,?omas1 ,william1 & ,h]b]t ,m9ton1 ! great-gr&sons ( ! f\nd]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cca4--,w$gwood ,majolica4 7,horace ,russell ,coll47 ,! firm n[ ranks ) ! fir/ ( ,engli% manufactur]s4 ,_! ent]prise has trav]s$ a field z wide z t into :i* ,w$gwood ent]$1 & _! success has be5 v great4 ,9 ! pursuit ( ! comm]cial !y h n neglect$ ! arti/ic4 ,x is said ( ,w$gwood t he copi$ & imitat$ ev]y?+ wor? imitat+4 ,m9ton ,co4 h foll[$ a simil> c\rse1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t direction4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago we f9d !m attempt+ to make natural porcela91 b ! ent]prise 0 ab&on$4 ,:5 ! ta/e = ,ori5tal /yles reviv$1 !y 7 among ! fir/ to succe$ 9 gratify+ ! public :im4 ,9 do+ s !y produc$ specim5s ( color highly praisewor?y1 & ( a beauty vividly recall+ t ( ! ,ori5tal orig9als4 ,_! ,p]sian w>e & pate *angeante h bo? excit$ ! admiration ( connoisseurs4 ,! ,m9tons h also be5 successful 9 reproduc+ ) wond]ful fidelity ! cloisonn enamel ( ,*9a & ,japan1 us+ a porcela9 base4 ,"h1 z 9 ! ,p]sian w>e1 _! turquoise blue is v effective1 & ! decoration 9 enamels reflects fai?fully ! tone ( ,ori5tal ornam5t4 ,leav+ ! ,ea/1 ,m9ton ,co4 h be5 no less =tunate 9 imitat+ ! ,italian ,grafitto w>e ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! fam\s inlaid ,h5ri ,deux w>e ( ,france4 ,sev]al specim5s ( ! latt] 7 exhibit$ by ,messrs4 ,a4 ,b4 ,daniell ,son at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 & includ$ a teapot1 a pit*]1 & a pair ( c&le/icks1 all ( pale yell[ body inlaid ) r$4 ,examples are 9 ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 & 9 ! collections ( ,mr4 ,walt]s & ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,&rews4 ,a m]e ref]5ce mu/ suffice = _! majolica 7,fig4 #ccd71 :i* is r an indep5d5t product ?an an imitation ( ! majolica ( ,italy4 ,x is peculi> bo? 9 composition & 9 ! colors employ$ 9 its decoration1 & is fir$ at a v high temp]ature4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,m9ton 0 ! fir/ to copy ! azulejos ( ,spa94 ,! above are only a few ( ! a*ievem5ts :i* might be adduc$ to %[ h[ ,m9ton ,co4 h boldly essay$ to duplicate ! *oice/ products ( c]amic art4 ,"o is =cibly rem9d$ by !m ( ! ,*9ese workman's delight 9 cont5d+ ) te*nical difficulty = ! m]e sake ( surm\nt+ x4 ,among _! arti/s are ,mr4 ,solon1 ,w4 ,s4 ,/ev5s1 ,*>les ,t(t1 ,h4 ,d>l+1 ,j4 ,leese1 ,m4 ,mussill1 ,kirby1 ,mellor ,slat]1 ,f4 ,full]1 & ,h4 ,protat4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ccb4--,m9ton ,/one-w>e4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,! firm ( ,m9ton1 ,holl9s ,co41 ( ,/oke-^u-,tr5t1 0 f\nd$ by ,mi*ael ,da9try ,holl9s1 on ! dissolution ( 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,col9 ,m9ton ,campbell 9 #ahfh4 ,he built ext5sive works1 & began to make majolica & encau/ic tiles1 slabs1 panels1 & o!r simil> w>es4 ,! firm n[ produces an almo/ endless v>iety ( tiles4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition ?is firm 0 repres5t$ by "s pieces ( great brilliancy ( color & v c>eful draw+4 ,9 "o sc5e two f9ely plumag$ wad+-birds appe>$ among ! wat]-lilies 9 a brook4 ,! s(t gray ( ! fea!rs tipp$ ) bright blue1 & ! gre5 ( ! re$s & o!r plants1 7 ?r[n out well by ! d>k-br[n backgr\nd4 ,on "s small] pieces birds ( tropically gay plumage 7 pa9t$ ^u a sombre *ocolate gr\nd4 ,on o!rs 7 fl[]s & butt]flies ^u a pale gr\nd4 ,! /yle ( treatm5t is purely ,ori5tal4 ,draw+ & color are p>am\nt4 ,! gr\nd is m]ely int5d$ = contra/ )1 or ! height5+ (1 ! sup]impos$ decoration4 ,"s beautiful heads ( dogs1 lions1 & asses 7 m>vell\s examples ( animal portraiture1 & illu/rat$ ! capacity ( til+ = ! reception ( t /yle ( decoration4 ,9 !m 0 se5 ! "w ( an arti/ :o fully und]/ood t1 giv5 ! requisite ma/]y ( color1 a tile may be employ$ z a m la/+ sub/itute = canvas4 ,x is also wor? not+ t :5ev] tiles are us$ = cov]+ a l>ge surface1 & ea* "o is treat$ z a unit1 ! result is an arti/ic blund]4 ,! eye we>ies ) monoton\s repetition1 & no m9ut5ess ( f9i% 9 ! s+le tile c relieve ! bewild]+ effect ( ! mass4 ,m9ton1 ,holl9s ,co4 h be5 =tunate 9 design+ fire-places ( til+1 ) side pa9t+s ( birds & fl[]s1 & l>g] sc5es above ! mantel1 ( a "* 9 keep+ ) _! place 9 a h\sehold4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ccc4--,m9ton ,plaque1 by ,mussill4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ccd--,m9ton's ,prome!us ,vase4 7,corcoran ,art ,gall]y47 ,f ! ,tr5t we pass to ,lambe?1 ne> ,london4 ,x 0 "h t 9 #afdj ! ,dut* mak]s ( /one-w>e & delft settl$4 ,at "o "t !re 7 tw5ty diff]5t e/abli%m5ts1 b on ! rise ( ,/af=d%ire _! numb] decreas$ "u ! weight ( competition4 ,"s ( ! e>ly ,lambe? w>e is v skilfully pa9t$1 ! tiles ) a blue gr\nd be+ especially comm5dable4 ,at ! pres5t "t ,lambe? is be/ kn[n by its ,d\lton w>e & ,lambe? fai5ce4 ,! ,d\lton or ,lambe? pott]y 0 f\nd$ by ,mr4 ,john ,d\lton1 :o 0 born at ,lambe? 9 #agic4 ,he s]v$ an appr5tice%ip ) ,:ite ( ,fulham1 & 9 #ahae associat$ ,mr4 ,john ,watts ) himself 9 e/abli%+ ! pres5t pott]y4 ,mr4 ,watts di$ 9 #aheh1 & ,mr4 ,d\lton 9 #ahgc1 & ! bus9ess is n[ 9 ! h&s ( ,messrs4 ,h5ry & ,james ,d4 ,d\lton1 sons ( ! f\nd]4 ,9 #ahgj !y fir/ issu$ an arti/ic w>e1 & 9 #ahgb turn$ out ! fir/ specim5 ( :at !y h call$ 8,lambe? fai5ce40 ,! 8,d\lton w>e0 may1 )\t detract+ f ! orig9ality ( mu* ( ! decoration1 be describ$ z a revival 9 bo? composition & /yle ( ! ,g]man /one-w>e1 miscall$ ,grs de ,fl&re4 ,l o!r /one-w>es ! body is highly silici\s1 close 9 texture1 & v brittle4 ,! necess>y fir+ takes sev]al days to accompli%1 & ! glaze is made by ?r[+ salt into ! kiln1 accord+ to ! process discov]$1 z we h se51 9 ,/af=d%ire1 & long practis$ at ,lambe?4 ,! body-t9ts are ! result ( wa%+ ! pieces 9 a prep>ation ( oxides1 v>i$ accord+ to ! %ade desir$4 ,! ornam5tation is f\rfold4 ,x consi/s ei!r ( incru/ations1 ind5t$ designs1 incis$ figures or sc5es1 or colors4 ,^! me?ods are occasionally comb9$4 ,! ,lambe? fai5ce is a f9] w>e1 & is decorat$ "u ! glaze ) pa9t+s ( fl[]s1 l&scapes1 portraits1 & figures4 ,! ,messrs4 ,d\ltons' arti/s are all tak5 f ! ranks ( pupils 9 ! ,lambe? ,s*ool ( ,art4 ,among !m are ,miss ,hannah ,b4 ,b>l[1 a v skilful animal pa9t]1 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,b>l[1 ,mr4 ,frank ,a4 ,butl]1 ,mrs4 ,sp>kes1 & ,mr4 ,george ,t9wor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cce4--;,d\lton ,w>e4 7,w4 ,b4 ,dick]man ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ccf4--;,d\lton ,w>e4 7,w4 ,b4 ,dick]man ,coll47 ,a great deal ( ! ,d\lton w>e v closely resembles ! ,grs de ,fl&re 9 its decoration1 b ev5 to ^! specim5s is to be accord$ ! orig9ality result+ f a modifi$ developm5t ( ! fundam5tal /yle4 ,a l>g] exp]i5ce may lead to some?+ m p]fectly orig9al4 ,! pres5t t5d5cy appe>s to be t[>d an excess ( ornam5t1 9 "s in/ances n a s+le squ>e in* be+ left uncov]$4 ,/uds & bosses are affix$ 9 b&s1 are l$ ov] ! surface 9 floriat$ designs1 & give ! ar*$ h&les a peculi> s]rat$ appe>ance4 ,a v +5i\s design consi/s ( incis$ broad leaves ov]lapp+ ea* o!r1 & becom+ m %>ply po9t$ & elongat$ z !y rise up ! neck to ! lip4 ,/uds are !n laid 9 v]tical b&s f top to bottom1 ! l9es conv]g+ z ! leaves become small]4 ,9 _m cases1 h[ev]1 ! reliefs de/roy ! outl9e1 & m> ! beauty ( a ho/ ( o!rwise admirable %apes4 ,9 ! matt] ( =m1 ! ,messrs4 ,d\lton1 9 fact1 leave little to be desir$4 ,_m ( _! vases display a pure1 classical gracefulness1 & o!rs are possess$ ( a qua9tness & novelty almo/ equally attractive4 ,canettes1 goblets1 & small cov]$ j>s decorat$ ) pla9 or ornam5tal b&s1 & dott$ ) fl[]-l /uds1 are to be class$ among ! be/ examples ( ! m *>act]i/ic or di/9ctive /yle ( ,lambe? decoration4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ccg4--,lambe? ,fai5ce4 ,! plaques & tiles ( ,lambe? fai5ce des]ve sep>ate notice4 ,"s ( ! small] pieces illu/rate ! capacity ( ! w>e = portraiture4 ,! draw+ is inv>iably c>eful1 & ! color+ is appli$ ) bo? ta/e & delicacy4 ,! colors w probably be improv$ 9 "t1 & become m decid$ )\t los+ any?+ 9 s(tness4 ,! pieces we h se5 inspire u ) ?is hope1 & t "h aga9 exp]i5ce may lead to great] excell5ce4 ,a l>ge tile-piece1 by ,mrs4 ,sp>kes1 repres5t+ ! dep>ture ( ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs1 & pa9t$ ^u two hundr$ & fifty-two tiles ( ,lambe? fai5ce1 0 exhibit$ at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition4 ,! lady-arti/ is des]v+ ( all praise = h] composition & draw+4 ,! p]spective 0 v well manag$1 & ! figures 7 br\ght out 9 /rong relief aga9/ a sky gl[+ ) ! rays ( ! sett+ sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cch4--,lambe? ,fai5ce4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,! ,messrs4 ,d\lton h a*iev$ "s wond]ful results 9 ! comb9ation ( t]ra-cotta ) _! /one-w>e4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition !y _h a br[n t]ra-cotta fireplace & mirror-frame1 ) til$ panels & he>? & t]ra-cotta f5d]4 ,9 ano!r mantel-piece1 ( oak1 a set ( tiles 9 ! panels %[$ admirably design$ & execut$ illu/rations ( sc5es & *>act]s f ,%akspe>e4 ,9 ^! & o!r simil> works a great deal ( ta/e & +5uity 0 %[n 9 ! comb9ation ( mat]ial4 ,a magnific5t example ( ! union ( t]ra-cotta ) ,d\lton w>e is n[ 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute at ,wa%+ton 7,fig4 #cdj74 ,x is a pulpit ( r$ & light buff t]ra-cotta ) ornam5ts ( blue /one-w>e4 ,! balu/]s on ! /airs lead+ up to ! pulpit are ,d\lton w>e ornam5t$ ) b&s ( t]ra-cotta4 ,"u ! base ( ! balu/rade1 & r\nd ! pulpit "u ! panels 9 front & on ! sides1 are b&s ( ,d\lton w>e4 ,a simil> b& surr\nds ! alcoves or panels4 ,! latt] are by ,mr4 ,george ,t9wor?1 ( ,london1 & illu/rate sc5es 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 f ! (f]+ 9 ! ,temple ( 8a pair ( turtle-doves or two "y pigeons0 to ! asc5sion4 ,( ?is arti/'s execution1 also1 are ! panels 9 a baptismal font :i* accompanies ! pulpit4 ,^! & o!r simil> works are s deeply sunk t !y h ! appe>ance ( gr\ps ( figures sep>ately modell$ & plac$ 9 ! recess r ?an ( m\ld+s 9 relief4 ,!y are 9 e way admirable4 ,! expression & attitudes ( "s ( ! faces & figures are m>vell\sly life-l & =cible4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cci4--,lambe? ,fai5ce4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,fulham owes ! beg9n+s ( its pott]y to ! ,dut*4 ,9 #afhd ,mr4 ,john ,dwight 0 mak+ /one-w>e1 e>!n-w>e1 /atues1 & porcela94 ,! latt] 0 v soon discont9u$4 ,! production ( o!r w>es 0 c>ri$ on by desc5dants ( ! f\nd]4 ,! hi/ory ( ,bri/ol pott]y is said to g back to ! comm5cem5t ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b its fir/ piece ) a date is five hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,x is delft-w>e1 & is dat$ #agjc4 ,a ,g]man1 nam$ ,wr$e1 or ,re$1 is said to h made /one-w>e ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,o!rwise ,bri/ol is unimportant 9 s f> z e>!n-w>e is conc]n$4 ,le$s is "o ( ! t[ns :i*1 t[>d ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 7 adopt$ z fields = a pott]y ent]prise4 ,x did an ext5sive trade ) ! ,cont95t 9 a cream-color$ w>e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdj4--,t]ra-cotta ,pulpit4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itute47 ,liv]pool beg9s its hi/ory1 9 #agaf1 ) ! manufacture ( delft4 ,! fir/ ev5t ( any importance is ! inv5tion by ,mr4 ,john ,sadl]1 9 #agec1 ( a me?od ( pr9t+ ^u e>!n-w>e4 ,w$gwood 0 9 ! habit ( s5d+ ,que5's-w>e to ,sadl] to be pr9t$4 ,9 #ageb ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,*aff]s set up an e>!n-w>e e/abli%m5t1 b soon turn$ 8 att5tion to porcela91 :i* he succe$$ 9 mak+ aft] discov]+ ! necess>y mat]ial 9 ,devon%ire4 ,on 8 dea? ! ent]prise came to an end4 ,! next "n ( di/9ction is t ( ,p5n+ton1 :o1 ab\t #agfj1 made delft b[ls & vases1 "s ( :i* 7 pa9t$ by an arti/ nam$ ,rob9son4 ,p5n+ton ultimately return$ to ,worce/]4 ,9 #agid ! 8,h]culaneum ,pott]y0 0 op5$ at ,birk5head1 & 0 work$ until #ahda4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cda4--,lambe? ,fai5ce4 7,dr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,piff>d ,coll47 ,mr4 ,h]ol9 ,luson made an ineffectual attempt to e/abli% a pott]y at ,l[e/(t 9 #agef4 ,8 failure is to be attribut$ to ! infidelity ( 8 workm51 :o 7 induc$ by ! ,london manufactur]s to spoil ! w>e4 ,not)/&+ ! opposition :i* l$ competitors to resort to simil>ly unwor?y devices1 ,walk]1 ,br[n1 ,aldr$1 & ,rickman f\nd$ a work%op )9 a ye> ( ,luson's failure1 & by tak+ ! necess>y precautions aga9/ trea*]y1 plac$ x ^u a p]man5t basis4 ,x made w>e ( e grade4 ,! ,l[e/(t e>!n-w>e 0 usually decorat$ ) blue1 & occasionally ) r$4 ,! e>ly porcela9 0 pa9t$ 9 ! same colors1 & ! lat] pieces 7 ornam5t$ ) fl[]s4 ,! latt] are arti/ically drawn & color$1 & equal ! be/ "w f\nd on ,engli% porcela94 ,pla9 ,*9ese w>e 0 import$ & decorat$ at ,l[e/(t2 b ! production ceas$ ab\t ! ye> #ahcj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdb4--,l[e/(t ,pott]y4 7,f4 ,rob9son ,coll47 ,x is que/ionable if w>e ( any k9d 0 ev] made at ,y>m\?1 al?\gh x is c]ta9 t a decorat+ e/abli%m5t & kiln exi/$ !re probably ab\t #ageb4 ,x is m ?an possible t ?is work%op 0 9 "p suppli$ ) ,l[e/(t biscuit4 ,nott+ham manufactur$ pott]y f ab\t #afej1 & ! bus9ess 0 cont9u$ = at lea/ a c5tury4 ,! precise p]iod at :i* x came to an end is n kn[n4 ,! ,%rop%ire factories 7 (f%oots ( ^? ( ,/af=d%ire4 ,! ,brosely e/abli%m5t 0 f\nd$ by ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,?ursfield1 ( ,/oke1 9 #agac1 & pass$ f 8 family into ! h&s ( ! ,roses ( ,colebrookdale ab\t #agii4 ,a black /one-w>e decorat$ ) gilt or ) reliefs 0 ! *ief product4 ,mr4 ,francis ,place1 ( ! ,manor-h\se1 ,york1 made f9e pott]y or /one-w>e 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! well-kn[n 8,rock+ham w>e0 took its "n f a br[n pott]y made ^u ! e/ate ( ! ,m>quis ( ,rock+ham1 at ,sw9ton1 9 ,york%ire4 ,! production orig9at$ 9 #ageg1 & ! ent]prise 0 subsequ5tly c>ri$ on by ,mr4 ,william ,malpass 7#agfe72 ,mr4 ,?omas ,b+ley 7#aggh72 ,messrs4 ,john & ,william ,bramfield 7#ahjg-ahdb71 :5 ! works /opp$4 ,! br[n teapots ( ?is factory 7 at "o "t v fa%ionable 9 ,engl&4 ,( ^! & o!r works ea* _h its specialty ( decoration or composition1 b to detail !m 9 full w\ld only complicate a sket* 9 :i* x is int5d$ to give m]ely sali5t po9ts1 on a compreh5sive plan4 ,,porcela94 ,plym\? ,h>d ,porcela94--,cookwor?y4--,b[4--,*elsea4- -,d]by4--,worce/]4 --,m9ton4--,pate-sur-,pate4--,spode4--,c opel&4--,bri/ol4--,tun/all4 --,caughley4--,nantg>r[4--,swansea4--,co lebrookdale4--,p9xton4--,%elton4 --,belleek4--,g5]al ,"* ( ,manufacture 9 ,great ,brita94 ,x may be z well to premise t ! porcela9 n[ made 9 ,engl& all belongs to ! s(t1 or1 accord+ to our classification1 ! artificial class4 ,its composition has already be5 describ$4 ,! lead+ seats ( ! indu/ry are ,b[1 ,*elsea1 ,d]by1 ,plym\?1 ,bri/ol1 ,worce/]1 & a few work%ops 9 ! midl& c\nties & ,wales4 ,) ! possible exceptions ( ,l[e/(t & ,bri/ol1 ,plym\? /&s alone z ! only place 9 ,engl& at :i* a manufactory ( h>d1 or natural1 porcela9 ev] exi/$ 7,fig4 #cdc74 ,?is di/9ction is due to ! ent]prise ( ,william ,cookwor?y1 :o 0 born ne> ,plym\?1 9 #agje4 ,cookwor?y 0 a *emi/ & druggi/1 & 0 l$ into 8 porcela9 v5ture by ! discov]y ( kaol9 & petuntse ne> ,hel/one1 9 #agee4 ,five ye>s lat] 8 manufactory 0 runn+ at ,coxside1 b meet+ ) no adequate comm]cial support1 he sold 8 pat5ts1 9 #aggb1 to ,ri*>d ,*ampion1 ( ,bri/ol4 ,! production !n ceas$4 ,cookwor?y's fir/ attempts 7 n enc\rag+1 b p]sev]ance br\ght a c]ta9 measure ( success1 & 8 lat] works are ( f9e quality4 ,he procur$ a ,svres pa9t]1 & also employ$ ,bone1 ! enamell] & arti/1 & by _! help turn$ out _m valuable s]vices & pieces ri*ly ornam5t$ aft] ! prevail+ ,ori5tal /yles1 ) birds1 fl[]s1 & insects4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdc4--,plym\? ,h>d ,porcela9 ,c(fee-pot4 ,be=e ,cookwor?y emb>k$ 9 8 porcela9 ent]prise at ,plym\?1 artificial porcela9 0 made at ,/rat=d-le-,b[ & ,*elsea4 ,! beg9n+s ( ! indu/ry at nei!r place h ev] be5 satisfactorily fre$ f obscurity1 & x is n kn[n to :i* ! priority belongs4 ,?omas ,frye1 an ,essex arti/1 sup]9t5d$ ! works at ,b[ = "s "t1 & is said to h be5 ! fir/ :o succe$$ 9 mak+ ,engli% porcela94 ,he di$ 9 #agfb4 ,probably ! ,b[ & ,*elsea works bo? />t$ ab\t tw5ty ye>s be=e t date4 ,x is c]ta9 t bo? /opp$ aft] less ?an fifty ye>s exi/5ce4 ,! porcela9 made at ,/rat=d-le-,b[1 & designat$ 8,b[ *9a10 is ( co>se pa/e1 & is (t5 f\nd decorat$ ) a bee ei!r pa9t$ or emboss$ 7,fig4 #cdd74 ,! pa9t+ ( fl[]s & sc5es is n ( a high ord]1 b ! reliefs are frequ5tly effective & well execut$4 ,! ,b[ arti/s also made figure gr\ps4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdd--;,b[ cream-jug4 ,! decoration ( e>ly ,*elsea porcela9 closely foll[$ ! ,*9ese1 :i* x 0 int5d$ to rival4 ,! bus9ess !re did n atta9 to any em95ce1 nor did ! art rise to a noticeable height1 until ! works 7 patroniz$ by ! ,c\rt ( ,george ,,ii & support$ by ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l&4 ,betwe5 #agej & #agfe1 ,*elsea porcela9 mo/ closely approa*$ its great ,cont95tal rivals 7,fig4 #cde74 ,aft] #agej ! manufacture c\ld h>dly be call$ an ,engli% ent]prise1 s9ce mat]ial & workm5 7 bo? import$ f ,g]many4 ,! managem5t also 0 9 ! h&s ( a =eign] nam$ ,spremont4 ,! articles produc$ includ$ all ! =ms ( ,svres & ,dresd51 table s]vices1 c&le/icks1 figures1 vases1 & ! numb]less designs among :i* ! inv5tive +5uity ( ,cont95tal arti/s 0 ex]cis$4 ,9 #aghd ! works /opp$4 ,! ,*elsea pa/e 0 extremely s(t1 & ! glaze 0 vitre\s & liable to crack4 ,! colors 7 sup]b1 & includ$ "s ( ! *oice/ f\nd on ,svres porcela91 besides at lea/ "o o!r1 a cl>et color1 peculi> to ,*elsea4 ,v high prices h be5 obta9$ = ?is porcela9 at auctions1 m ?an a ?\s& doll>s hav+ be5 giv5 = a pair ( vases4 ,9 design1 workman%ip1 color1 & decoration1 !re are pieces ( ,*elsea porcela9 unexcell$ by any o!r e/abli%m5t1 ei!r ,engli% or =eign4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cde4--;,*elsea ,porcela9 ,vase4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdf4--;,d]by ,porcela94 ,?ird ,duesbury ,p]iod4 7,f4 ,rob9son ,coll47 ,mr4 ,duesbury1 :o pur*as$ ! ,*elsea works 9 #agfi & f9ally transf]r$ !m to ,d]by1 _h be5 mak+ porcela9 9 ! latt] place s9ce #agej4 ,he _h also b\ght & transf]r$ ! ,b[ works1 & c>ri$ on a mo/ ext5sive bus9ess1 tak+ ! place 9 public e/imation ( ! two e/abli%m5ts he _h consolidat$4 ,! eld] ,duesbury di$ ab\t ! ye> #aghh1 & ! subsequ5t proprietor%ip is n v cle>4 ,he appe>s1 h[ev]1 to h be5 succe$$ by 8 son1 :o di$ 9 #agih1 & ! works !n fell to ! ?ird ,duesbury1 :o c>ri$ !m on 9 conjunction ) ,mi*ael ,kean until !y 7 acquir$ by ,rob]t ,bloor 9 #ahae4 ,bloor kept !m until he di$ 9 #ahdi1 & !n ,lock] ,co4 held !m until #ahei1 :5 !y 7 assum$ by ,/eph5son ,hancock1 ( :i* firm ,mr4 ,hancock1 ! surviv+ p>tn]1 came into sole possession 9 #ahff4 ,! w>e 0 call$ ,*elsea-,d]by f #agfi to #aggc1 :5 x receiv$ ! "n ( ,cr[n-,d]by1 a cr[n hav+ be5 add$ to ! m>k aft] a visit ( ! k+ & que54 ,! ,d]by pa/e 0 v f9e & transluc5t1 & 9 ! production ( biscuit figures x 0 unrivall$4 ,! be/ ( ! old ,d]by colors 0 a beautiful bright blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdg4--;,bloor-,d]by ,porcela94 7,f4 ,rob9son ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdh4--,old ,worce/] ,porcela94 7,rob]t ,hoe1 ,jun41 ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cdi4--,worce/] ,porcela94 7,g4 ,collamore47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cej4--,worce/] ,porcela94 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,! ,worce/] works 7 f\nd$ 9 #agea1 by a company head$ by ,dr4 ,wall4 ,to ?is g5tleman has be5 ascrib$ ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ on porcela91 :i* we h already f\nd 9 use on pott]y 9 ,liv]pool 9 #agec4 ,! matt] is involv$ 9 d\bt1 z ! process 0 9 vogue at ,batt]sea ab\t ! same p]iod1 & x is improbable t x 0 simultane\sly inv5t$ at ?ree diff]5t e/abli%m5ts s f> ap>t4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ,dr4 ,wall avail$ himself ( ! inv5tion1 & h&l$ x ) great skill & precision4 ,/eatite obta9$ f ,cornwall 0 fir/ us$ by ! company 9 #aggj1 & 9 #aghc ! ,messrs4 ,flight b\ght up ! orig9al e/abli%m5t1 :i* _h f\nd competitors 9 ! ,*amb]la9s1 :o _h comm5c$ bus9ess z decorators 9 #aghf4 ,9 #aghh ! works 7 visit$ by ,k+ ,george ,,iii41 :o became a patron ( ,flight1 & 7 aft]w>d call$ ! ,royal ,worce/] ,porcela9 ,works4 ,"o ( ! ,flights di$ 9 #agia1 & a p>tn]%ip 0 =m$ by ! survivor ) ,m>t9 ,b>r 9 #agic4 ,! conc]n 0 c>ri$ on "u ! firm ( ,flight ,b>r until #ahjg1 :5 x became ,b>r1 ,flight ,b>r1 ,jun41 & 9 #ahbi ano!r *ange 0 made to ,flight1 ,b>r ,b>r4 ,x reta9$ t =m until #ahdj1 :5 an amalgamation 0 effect$ ) ! ,*amb]la9s4 ,9 #ahfb a jo9t-/ock company 0 =m$1 "u :i* ,mr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,b9ns1 ! au?or ( a hi/ory ( ,worce/] pott+1 act$ z sup]9t5d5t ( ! arti/ic dep>tm5t4 ,x is e/imat$ t at pres5t upw>d ( f\r hundr$ workm5 are employ$ 9 ! ,worce/] e/abli%m5t1 :i* is made all ! m int]e/+ by reason ( its be+ "o ( ! few survivors ( ! old ,engli% works4 ,e ef=t is made to br+ ! porcela9 to p]fection1 & ! body & decoration are bo? v f9e4 ,! ,worce/] pa/e does n appe> at fir/ to h equall$ t ( "s o!r ,engli% c5tres1 b its yell[i% t+e made x v well suit$ = ! brilliant color dem&$ by ! ,ori5tal /yles ( decoration4 ,! process ( transf] pr9t+ is said to h be5 p]fect$ by ,josiah ,hold%ip1 :o 0 assi/$ by 8 bro!r ,ri*>d 9 engrav+ ! plates4 ,rob]t ,hancock 0 also an engrav] 9 ! factory4 ,"s r>e specim5s ( transf] pr9t+ are f\nd pa9t$ ) colors & gold1 by :i* means good imitations ( ,dresd5 7 made4 ,?is success l$ to ! adoption ( ! ,dresd5 m>k1 a practice to :i* ! ,worce/] manufactur]s seem to h be5 too mu* addict$1 z ! m>ks ( sev]al ( ! lead+ work%ops are f\nd ^u _! w>es4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! ,worce/] factory is turn+ out a great deal ( excell5t "w4 ,! table w>e1 ( :i* an example is giv5 7,fig4 #cea71 is g5]ally ta/efully & (t5 brilliantly decorat$4 ,! colors 9 ! specim5 giv5 are yell[1 r$1 blue1 gre51 & gold1 v judici\sly comb9$1 & h a w>m & ri* effect4 ,! portrait plaque 7,fig4 #cdi7 is by ,a4 ,h&ley1 & is execut$ 9 flat colors4 ,! fle%-t9t is especially s(t & ref9$4 ,x is a highly satisfactory example ( its class4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cea4--,worce/] ,porcela94 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,a "w widely diff]+ f ei!r ( ! above is ! basket vase 7,fig4 #cej71 ) ru/ic h&les & feet1 & decorat$ ) leafy bran*es 9 relief4 ,! only color us$ is a pale %ade ( blue1 :i* deep5s 9 ! int]/ices ( ! wick]-"w4 ,^! examples h be5 *os5 n = any exceptional qualities1 b = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ ! av]age products ( a factory :i* ranks among ! fir/ 9 ,engl&4 ,! ,m9tons1 al?\gh devot+ !mselves *iefly to /one-w>e & e>!n-w>e1 made porcela9 at an e>ly p]iod ( _! hi/ory4 ,?is occurr$ 9 #agih1 :5 a semi-transluc5t porcela9 ( inf]ior quality 0 made4 ,! production ceas$ 9 #ahaa1 & 0 tak5 up subsequ5tly by ,h]b]t ,m9ton4 ,_! pate-sur-pate has be5 notic$ "u ,france1 b we "h give a sup]b specim5 ( _! decoration 9 t /yle by ,mr4 ,solon 7,fig4 #ceb74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ceb4 ,pate-sur-pate1 by ,solon4 7,h4,c4 ,gibson ,coll47 ,ano!r fam\s firm work+ at ,/oke-^u-,tr5t is t ( ! ,copel&s4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #aghj by ! fir/ ,josiah ,spode1 :o e/abli%$ himself 9 ! works :i* _h be5 occupi$ by ,banks ,turn]4 ,he appe>s to h be5 *iefly engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( blue pr9t$ will[-w>e1 & imitations ( ! m fam\s works ( ,w$gwood1 especially 8 cream & jasp] w>es4 ,he di$ 9 #agig1 & 8 son & namesake c>ri$ on ! bus9ess1 & fir/ turn$ 8 att5tion to porcela9 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,! body he us$ 0 ( great purity1 & ! w>e 0 *iefly decorat$ ) gold & fl[]s aft] ! fa%ion ( 8 day4 ,9 ?is v5ture he 0 v successful1 & devot$ e en]gy to pu%+ 8 ent]prise4 ,9 #ahje he a*iev$ ano!r triumph by :at he describ$ z 8a sort ( f9e w>e1 call$ opaque porcela910 :i* 0 ext5sively consum$ on ! ,cont95t1 to ! great detrim5t ( ! mak]s ( ,fr5* fai5ce4 ,9 #ahjf ! honor 0 conf]r$ ^u him ( be+ appo9t$ pott] to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 & 9 #ahbg he di$1 aft] amass+ a l>ge =tune4 ,! firm consi/$ = "s "t ( ,josiah ,spode1 ,william ,spode1 & ,william ,copel&1 & 9 #ahcc ! conc]n 0 b\ght by a son ( ! latt]1 ,william ,taylor ,copel&4 ,he 0 jo9$ by ,mr4 ,g>rett 9 #ahdc1 & ! firm consi/$ ( ,copel& & ,g>rett until #ahdg1 :5 ,mr4 ,copel& aga9 became sole proprietor1 & cont9u$ s until #ahfg1 :5 he 0 jo9$ by 8 sons4 ,! works are n[ c>ri$ on "u ! firm ( ,copel& ,sons1 & h atta9$ to great dim5sions1 cov]+ ab\t twelve acres ( gr\nd1 & giv+ employm5t to ab\t n9e hundr$ op]atives4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cec4--;,copel& ,vase4 7,tiffany ,co47 ,mr4 ,abraham1 art director ( ! ,copel& works1 has furni%$ mu* ( ! above in=mation1 & ( t :i* foll[s reg>d+ ! w>es ( bo? ,spode & ,copel&4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,abraham1 "o ( ,spode's mo/ celebrat$ w>es 0 ! /one *9a already ref]r$ to1 an opaque or ne>ly opaque compact body ( a blue-gray t9t resembl+ ,ori5tal *9a4 ,x 0 fir$ at a mu* high] temp]ature ?an e>!n-w>e1 & 9 reproduc+ x at ! pres5t "t x is fir$ 9 ! porcela9 kiln4 ,x 0 decorat$ by ,spode 9 v>i\s ways1 ! qualities mo/ highly priz$ be+ ! 8old ,japans0 & ov5 blues ( diff]5t %ades4 ,spode's /one *9a & ivory bodies are exceptionally well adapt$ = treatm5t 9 :i* ov5 blue is employ$4 ,?is /one *9a has nev] be5 entirely out ( use1 b = a long "t x did n receive ! att5tion x des]v$1 & has only be5 rec5tly reviv$4 ,:5 receiv+ lea/ att5tion its manufacture 0 re/rict$ to mat*+ sets1 ! possessors ( :i* 7 s s5sible ( its high qualities z a table w>e1 t !y 7 desir\s ( mak+ up defici5cies 9 _! s]vices :5ev] practicable4 ,! "n ( ,copel& is n[ well kn[n :]ev] comm]ce has c>ri$ ! c]amic w>es ( ,engl&4 ,"s ( ! mo/ arti/ically design$ & f9ely decorat$ pieces f\nd 9 ! collections ( ! pres5t "t are f ?is work%op4 ,! ,copel&s h rivall$ ! mo/ prom95t h\ses ( ,engl&1 we might say ( ,europe1 bo? 9 ! _m-sid$ness ( _! ent]prise & 9 its results4 ,! be/ arti/s & modell]s are employ$1 & ! products may be comp>$ ) any 9 ,europe4 ,:at may be consid]$ a specialty ( ! ,copel&s is ! employm5t ( royal blue ^u porcela91 bo? 9 arbitr>y designs & 9 l&scape & figure pa9t+4 ,!y h x s p]fectly "u control t ! mo/ delicate t9ts & ! greate/ dep?s ( :i* ! color is capable are produc$ at w1 )\t ! ov]fl[+ ( ! color on ! "o h&1 or on ! o!r ! h>%ness & pov]ty ( tone s common 9 works decorat$ 9 ?is blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ced4--;,copel& ,p>ian4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cee4--;,copel& ,p>ian4 ,a great deal ( ! ,copel& jewell$ w>e is exce$+ly beautiful4 ,we h *os5 "o specim5 z be+ exceptional1 bo? 9 its design & decoration 7,fig4 #cec71 & x w\ld c]ta9ly be difficult to lavi% ^u x too mu* praise4 ,! base is gilt1 ! body is ( two %ades ( blue1 & ! gracefully exp&+ neck pale br[n dott$ ) br[n ( a d>k] t9t4 ,! h&les consi/ ( gold5 butt]flies respl5d5t ) jewels4 ,! effect is ri*1 b h>moni\s & *>m+1 & ! piece may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ favorable illu/rations ( :at ! ,engli% arti/s ( our "t c accompli%4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cef4--;,copel& ,reticulat$ ,porcela94 7,w4 ,b4 ,dick]man ,coll47 ,9 approa*+ ! ,copel& p>ian 7,figs4 #ced & #cee71 we f9d ourselves among "s ( ! f9e/ works 9 t mat]ial yet giv5 to ! _w4 ,an enum]ation ( ! arti/s regul>ly or specially engag$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t w\ld include _m ( ! highe/ names 9 ! pr(ession4 ,?is bran* ( art has develop$ rapidly1 p>tly on acc\nt ( ! rivalry betwe5 manufactur]s1 b *iefly by reason ( ! welcome ev]y:]e ext5d$ to ! works issu$4 ,among ! subjects *os5 by ! ,copel&s1 _m1 possibly ! great] numb]1 are ideals--su* p]sonifications z ^? ( ,music & ,poetry4 ,x c\ld n be expect$ t all ^! w\ld be ( equal m]it1 & fault may occasionally be f\nd ) attitudes & proportions2 b !y are1 z a :ole1 admirably execut$4 ,yet ano!r bran* ( art 9 :i* ! ,copel&s h be5 em95tly successful is repres5t$ by ! p]=at$ or reticulat$ w>e ( :i* ! ,*9ese supply ! types4 ,! pott+ difficulties & risk 9 mak+ ?is d\ble surface w>e are great] or less accord+ to ! intricacy & delicacy ( ! p]=ations4 ,9 ! cup & sauc] "h giv5 7,fig4 #cef7 ! manipulation & fir+ 7 exceptionally delicate & haz>d\s1 f> m s ?an 9 ! case ( ! honey-comb p]=ation4 ,held up to ! light1 ! inn] surface appe>s to be z ?9 z egg-%ell2 & x seems a p]fect m>vel t1 :5 ! heat has s(t5$ ! body1 ! upp] surface does n s9k d[n ^u t bel[4 ,:]e plugs c be us$ to keep !m ap>t1 or :]e ! p]=at$ surface is /rongly ar*$1 or :]e ! article c be plac$ upright1 ! dang] is manife/ly less ?an 9 su* a piece z ! sauc]1 ) its po9t$ leaf-"w b5d+ d[nw>d r ?an ar*+4 ,x is also necess>ily plac$ flat 9 ! kiln4 ,_m pieces ( ! same k9d h be5 made by ! ,copel&s4 ,we h already se5 t ,cookwor?y sold 8 pat5t to ,mr4 ,r4 ,*ampion1 ( ,bri/ol4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t he reta9$ an int]e/ 9 x aft] ,*ampion />t$ 8 manufactory 9 t city until ! ye> #aggc1 :5 he rel9qui%$ 8 "r on paym5t ( a royalty4 ,! ,bri/ol work%op 0 f\nd$ a few ye>s previ\sly1 b no natural porcela9 0 put ^u ! m>ket until t date4 ,! fact t ,*ampion 01 9 #aggf1 mak+ artificial porcela9 indicates t he v soon f\nd 8 h>d porcela9 v5ture w\ld n be remun]ative4 ,he 01 accord+ to "o au?ority1 associat$ ) a company ( ,bri/ol g5tlem5 9 8 ent]prise1 & x appe>s to be c]ta9 t :5 he appli$ = ! ext5sion ( 8 pat5t he did n /& alone4 ,9 #agha or #aghb he resign$ 8 "r to a company ( ,/af=d%ire pott]s1 & 0 appo9t$ ,payma/] ( ! ,=ces1 "u 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,edmund ,burke4 ,he di$ 9 #aghg1 at ,camd51 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ,bri/ol *9a is *iefly valuable by reason ( its r>ity4 ,! decoration is aft] ,cont95tal & ,*9ese /yles1 & ! pa/e is inf]ior4 ,! company :i* pur*as$ ,*ampion's pat5t cont9u$ to make natural pa/e until #ahaj1 fir/ at ,tun/all & aft]w>d at ,%elton4 ,x 0 call$ 8,new ,hall *9a40 ,artificial porcela9 0 made until #ahbe4 ,:51 9 #ahjg1 ! ,bramelds acquir$ ! ,sw9ton works1 !y conjo9$ ! manufacture ( ,rock+ham & f9e pott]y ) porcela9 ( excell5t quality4 ,!y endeavor$ to make a w>e ( ! f9e/ sort 9 bo? body & decoration1 b fell into f9ancial difficulties 9 #ahbf1 &1 al?\gh assi/$ by ,e>l ,fitzwilliam1 f9ally succumb$1 z we h already se51 9 #ahdb4 ,caughley is ! e>lie/ & mo/ important ( ! ,%rop%ire porcela9s4 ,! work%op w\ld be des]v+ ( remembrance 7 x only = "o reason--t x 0 "h ,mr4 ,?omas ,turn] orig9at$1 9 #aghj1 ! will[ patt]n4 ,! manufacture ( porcela9 at ,caughley 0 inaugurat$ soon aft] ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,turn] took ! managem5t ab\t #aghj1 al?\gh he _h be5 int]e/$ 9 ! works = "s ye>s previ\sly4 ,he effect$ great improvem5ts1 introduc$ pr9t+1 rais$ ! quality ( ! w>e1 & engag$ ! mo/ skilful decorators4 ,he also made :ite w>e = o!r decorat+ e/abli%m5ts1 especially ^? ( ,worce/]4 ,! ,caughley works 71 9 #agii1 amalgamat$ ) ^? ( ,colebrookdale4 ,a factory 0 f\nd$ at ,nantg>r[ 9 #ahac1 by ,walk] ,beely1 or ,bill+sley1 & 0 c>ri$ on1 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,w4 ,"y1 until #ahbh1 :5 x 0 b\ght by ,mr4 ,john ,rose1 ( ,colebrookdale4 ,! 8,cambrian ,pott]y0 ( ,swansea 0 f\nd$ 9 #agej1 & began to make 8opaque *9a0 9 #agij1 & f #ahad to #ahai 0 mak+ porcela94 ,"y & ,bill+sley1 ! ,nantg>r[ arti/s1 bo? appe> to h be5 employ$ at ,swansea1 by ,mr4 ,dillwyn1 :o _h b\ght ! works 9 #ahjb4 ,9 #ahbj !y pass$ into ! possession ( ,mr4 ,rose1 ( ,colebrookdale4 ,at ?is place1 or ,coalport1 z x is alt]natively call$1 ! ,caughley1 ,nantg>r[1 & ,swansea factories 7 ?us consolidat$ 9 ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,john ,rose1 a pupil ( ,turn] ( ,caughley1 & a man ( great ent]prise4 ,he took ) him ! be/ arti/s ( ! works successively absorb$1 & x is "h t we aga9 meet ,walk] & ,bill+sley z sup]9t5d5ts4 ,! pres5t proprietor is ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,rose4 ,! ,messrs4 ,daniell1 ( ,london1 are among ! lead+ support]s ( ! factory1 & h incit$ ,mr4 ,rose to "s ( 8 mo/ successful exp]im5ts 9 color4 ,( ^! ! ,dub>ry rose1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s & beautiful colors ( ,svres1 is probably ! mo/ important4 ,bill+sley work$ fir/ at ,d]by1 !n successively at ,p9xton1 ,mansfield1 ,worce/]1 ,nantg>r[1 ,swansea1 & ,coalport4 ,he di$ at ! la/ m5tion$ place 9 #ahbh4 ,! ,p9xton factory "h m5tion$ 0 e/abli%$ 9 #agie1 by ,mr4 ,john ,coke1 :o transf]r$ x to ,bill+sley1 f :om x pass$ to ,mr4 ,cutts4 ,x 0 clos$ 9 #ahab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ceg4--;,engli% ,porcela94 ,br[n1 ,we/head1 ,moore ,co4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,brief m5tion has already be5 made ( ,tun/all & ,%elton4 ,! latt] place is less kn[n 9 ,am]ica1 9 connection ) ! work+ ( ! ,*ampion pat5t1 ?an by ! names ( ,ridgway & ,br[n1 ,we/head1 ,moore ,co4 7,fig4 #ceg74 ,job ,ridgway 0 a ,%elton pott] 9 ! latt] "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 & 01 9 #ahad1 succe$$ by 8 sons ,john & ,william1 :o 7 foll[$ by ! above firm4 ,! porcela9 ( bo? firms is well kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,) ,%elton1 al?\gh !re are or h be5 _m o!r factories 9 ,engl&1 we close our sket* ( t c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ceh4--;,belleek ,porcela94 7,tiffany ,co47 ,a peculi> w>e f ,belleek1 ,l\gh ,erne1 ,f]managh ,c\nty1 ,irel&1 has made its appe>ance 9 ,am]ica )9 ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 & has be5 receiv$ ) consid]able favor bo? "h & 9 ,canada4 ,x is c>efully & arti/ically wr\ght into ornam5tal pieces & s]vices4 ,its *ief peculi>ity is an iridesc5t glaze ( a silv]y1 lu/r\s appe>ance4 ,9 ! specim5 7,fig4 #ceh7 ! p$e/al is unglaz$1 & its dead :ite contra/s admirably ) ! lu/r\s fl[]s1 base1 & top4 ,! w>e is obta9$ f a comb9ation ( clays f\nd 9 ! neighborhood f :i* x takes its "n4 ,x is a true porcela9 & v transluc5t1 & 9 ?9 lu/r$ pieces rivals ! egg-%ell ( ! f> ,ea/4 ,x is equally beautiful 9 biscuit or glaz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cei4--;,belleek ,porcela94 7,tiffany ,co47 ,sev]al orig9al designs appe> among ! table s]vices ( ?is w>e1 :i* are r5d]$ v attractive by ! peculi> glaze4 ,exce$+ly beautiful imitations ( %ells 7,fig4 #cei7 are made ( ,belleek w>e1 a purpose = :i* x is especially suit$ by reason ( ! simil>ity ! glaz$ surface pres5ts to ! inside pe>ly l9+ ( a %ell 7,fig4 #cfj74 ,a w>e some:at simil> 9 appe>ance is made 9 ,engl& & ,france1 :]e an artificial metallic glaze is employ$ to produce ! madrep]la lu/re4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfj4--;,belleek ,porcela94 7,tiffany ,co47 ,! c]amics ( ,engl& are ( special int]e/ to ! ,am]ican read]4 ,9 _m ( our old homes are to be f\nd samples ( ,engli% pott]y & porcela9 br\ght to ?is c\ntry long be=e ,revolution>y times4 ,_m ( !m are1 l heirlooms1 pass$ on f g5]ation to g5]ation1 ! remnants be+ all ! m highly priz$ z !y become few] 9 numb]4 ,a great deal ( ! e>!n-w>e & porcela9 us$ "h )9 ! la/ c5tury has come f ! c5tres ( :i* we h be5 treat+4 ,to ! /ud5t ( ! art1 also1 ,engl& has an int]e/ all its own4 ,! workm5 ( ,engl& h1 f ! e>lie/ times1 %[n t moral z well z m5tal capacity = cop+ ) me*anical & sci5tific difficulties :i* m>ks ! typical ,engli% "*4 ,w$gwood 0 a rem>kable in/ance ( a man :o1 ) mat]ials usually consid]$ ( inf]ior quality = arti/ic embelli%m5t1 /eadily aim$ at produc+ works :i* %\ld be1 & actually 71 ! be/ ( _! k9d4 ,s x is ) ! ,m9tons & ,d\ltons ( our day4 ,!y surr\nd !mselves ) ! be/ arti/s !y c f9d1 & h taught ,engl&1 :i* 0 /ill dispos$ to res]ve its w>me/ admiration = works execut$ 9 ! long-covet$ & only rec5tly possess$ porcela91 to =get ! m$ium 9 ! art x conveys4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfa4--,tile-piece1 by ,f4 ,t4 ,vance4 ,,book ,,iv4--,,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,s\? ,,am]ica4 ,antiquity ( ,am]ican ,p4--,scope ( ,inquiry4--,,p]u3 ,its ,old ,inhabitants4--,c\rse ( ,c]amic ,art4--,d\bts reg>d+ ,orig9 ( ,p]uvian ,civilization4--,p]iods4--,! ,incas4--,piz>ro4--,geological ,evid5ce ( ,antiquity4--,unbak$ ,bricks4--,pa*acamac4--,its ,graves4--,opposite ,types4--,effect ( ,religion4--,symbols4--,=ms ( ,pott]y4--,wat]-,vessels4--,human ,=ms4--,lead+ ,features ( ,decoration4--,colors ,employ$4--,processes4--,cu/oms ,le>n$ f ,pott]y4--,,brazil3 ,anci5t ,specim5s4--,mod]n ,w>e4--,bricks & ,tiles4--,talhas4--,mor+ues & o!r ,wat]-,vessels4--,colombia4 ,! c]amics ( ,am]ica br+ u into a field hi!rto unexplor$1 & %[+ few footpr9ts ( ! inve/igators :o h be5 l$ to its bord]s4 ,we are "h confront$ by a /ate ( ?+s to :i* we h hi!rto be5 /rang]s4 ,z creatures belong+ to ! ,new ,_w we h be5 taught to look ) a respect 9 :i* ,am]ica has no %>e ^u ! ag$ civilizations ( ,egypt1 ,assyria1 & ,*9a4 ,_! anci5t inhabitants 7 ! patri>*s ( ! _w1 ! pione]s ( civilization2 we are ! latt]-day heirs to ! arts & sci5ces ( :i* !y laid ! f\ndations4 ,! pres5t citiz5s ( ^? l&s are ! *ildr5 ( ons1 we ! mu%room gr[? ( c5turies4 ,rese>* has already p>tially succe$$ 9 end[+ ,am]ica ) s mu* ( ! v5]able z c be conf]r$ by age4 ,su* notions z ^? above ref]r$ to are be+ rapidly dissipat$4 ,we h long kn[n t ! hemisph]e we inhabit 0 /yl$ new1 n because its geological =mation is ( lat] gr[? ?an ^? ( ! ,old ,_w1 nor because its inhabitants are ! aft]-ma? ( ! _w's population1 b because five hundr$ ye>s ago x 0 new to ! navigators ( ! ,ea/4 ,we n[ "k t1 f ,lake ,sup]ior to ,p]u & ,*ili we c trav]se ! sites ( old settlem5ts & f9d ! ve/iges ( peoples :o liv$ we _c tell h[ _m hundr$ or ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( c]amic art ,am]ica 9 no way diff]s f ,europe or ,asia4 ,we c beg9 ) ! sun-dri$ bricks ( ! ,p]uvians1 or ,m\nd-build]s1 & end ) ! porcela9 ( ,gre5po9t4 ,z ,europe loos$ its hold ^u ! e>li] arts ( ,greece & ,rome1 0 dismemb]$1 & 0 = c5turies plung$ 9 d>kness by ! incursions & disp]sal ( b>b>ians1 & !n1 z x reviv$1 develop$ a new arti/ic s5se & great] /r5g?1 s ,am]ica pass$ ?r\gh a precisely simil> ordeal4 ,two ?\s& ye>s ago--possibly _m m--art & civilization exi/$ "h1 & cont9u$ to exp& until ,europeans came & *eck$ _! f>!r gr[?4 ,am]ica is n ev5 s+ul> 9 ?is1 t a broad *asm divides ! old f ! new4 ,!re are ?us two great p]iods :i* we %all be call$ ^u to consid]4 ,!re is1 fir/1 ! anci5t1 :5 ! aborig9al p 7 build+ curi\s & wond]ful monum5ts ( _! pres5ce1 & modell+ ! qua9t vessels n[ f\nd 9 our museums4 ,!re is1 !n1 ! second p]iod1 limit$ to little m ?an half a c5tury1 9 :i* art we>s a mod]n guise1 :5 ! products ( ,am]ican pott]ies become a recogniz$ item 9 ! indu/ry ( ! c\ntry1 & ! manufacture is sub/antially f\nd$ ^u a broad comm]cial basis4 ,our inquiry w n1 !re=e1 be entirely conf9$ to a rec5t pa/ & a pres5t *iefly rem>kable = ! promise t x conta9s4 ,we %all1 9 a ha/y review1 turn back across ! c5turies int]v5+ betwe5 ! pres5t "t & ! adv5t ( ,europeans ) ,columbus1 ,cortez1 & ,piz>ro1 across ! b>b>ism ( ! ,indian p]iod1 across ev5 ! e>li] times1 :5 ! ,aztecs 9 ! ,nor?1 & ! ,p]uvians "u ! ,incas 9 ! ,s\?1 7 cultivat+ _! peculi> =ms ( civilization1 to a m remote pa/ occupi$ by ^? eld] *ildr5 ( ,"t1 to ^: h]itage ^! peoples appe> to h succe$$4 ,aft]w>d w come ! indulg5ce ( ! *>act]i/ic t5d5cy ( ! n9ete5?-c5tury ,am]ican1 :o is m addict$ to look+ to ! future ?an to ! pa/4 ,9 ! mean "t1 we mu/ try to accu/om ourselves to ! fact t1 = ! purposes ( a cont9u\s hi/ory1 ! pott]s ( our own "t are ! successors ( ^? :o deposit$ _! urns 9 ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi valley & 9 ! tombs ( ,p]u4 ,x w probably be bo? ! only hi/orically consequ5t & ! mo/ lucid me?od to treat ! diff]5t c\ntries f s\? to nor?4 ,we beg9 ) ,p]u4 ,we ne$ n g into ! !ories1 mo/ly fanciful1 by :i* an orig9 & g5ealogy are f\nd = ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,am]ica4 ,we _c ev5 und]take to solve ! "q :e!r ! ,new ,_w may n be ! ,old4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfb4--,p]uvian ,wat]-vessels4 ,! evid5ce 9 support ( ,am]ica's hav+ be5 ! re/+-place ( ! lo/ tribes ( ,israel1 ( its hav+ be5 visit$ f ! ,pacific by ,malays1 f ! ,atlantic by ,phnicians1 ( ! tru? ( ! old leg5d ( ,atlantis1 a l& :i* lay beyond ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules1 is 9 great "p compos$ ( inf]5ces f assumptions4 ,reason w\ld po9t to ,behr+ ,/rait z ! po9t at :i* ! fir/ inhabitants ent]$1 b ev5 t supposition may acc\nt = no?+ m remote ?an ! arrival ( ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,or1 to f9d a g5ealogy = ! same p1 we might adopt ,mr4 ,griffis's v plausible !ory ( a ,japanese desc5t1 bas$ ^u ! fact t 8= tw5ty c5turies pa/ ,japanese fi%+-boats & junks1 caught 9 ! ea/]ly gales & typhoons1 h be5 swept into ! ,kuro ,%iwo1 & c>ri$ to ,am]ica40 ,x is m p]t95t to our purpose to f9d t1 amid/ a civilization :i* be>s a /amp ( orig9ality1 c]amic art foll[$ ! c\rse x _h tak5 9 ,europe1 ,africa1 & ,asia4 ,simil>ity 9 =ms1 ev5 9 symbols1 may argue no?+ m ?an a my/]i\s id5tity 9 ! work+s ( humanity t[>d arti/ic & religi\s expression4 ,!y _c1 )\t o!r evid5ce1 be held to prove an id5tity ( orig94 ,?is prelim9>y obs]vation is made t we may n fall into ! baseless !oriz+ :i* is ! bane ( sci5ce4 ,ext]nal resemblances h1 be=e ?is day1 sadly misl$ sci5ti/s1 ) :om possibilities h become probabilities1 & probabilities h unconsci\sly pass$ into assum$ facts4 ,let u take ! p>allel suppli$ by ! se>* = ! primitive tongue be=e language became ! subject-matt] ( a sci5ce4 ,= c5turies ! idea 0 ent]ta9$ t ! honor ( priority 0 to be accord$ to ! ,hebrew4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ,goropius1 ( ,antw]p1 prov$1 beyond a p]adv5ture1 t ! language ( ,p>adise 0 ,dut*4 ,erro advocat$ ! claims ( ,basque2 & ab\t a c5tury aft] ,goropius _h settl$ ! "q1 x 0 gravely record$ 9 ! m9utes ( ! ,*apt] ( ,pampeluna1 t1 ?\gh x c\ld n be ass]t$ ) confid5ce t ,basque 0 ! primitive language ( mank9d1 yet 8x 0 impossible to br+ =w>d any reasons or rational objection to ?is proposition1 t x 0 ! only language spok5 by ,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise40 ,assume ! positive1 & leave x to objectors to prove ! negative6 ,sci5ce came aft]w>d1 & f\nd t n fanciful v]bal resemblances1 b simil>ity ( grammatical con/ruction1 0 ! te/ ( radical aff9ity1 & all ! above f9e !ories 7 explod$4 ,! rule w hold good ) pott]y4 ,if two pott]s at two places f> remote f ea* o!r1 possibly z f> remov$ 9 po9t ( "t1 %\ld produce simil> =ms1 x w\ld be ra% at once to conclude t !y 7 inspir$ by ! same idea or foll[$ ! same model4 ,! adoption ( su* a c\rse w\ld am\nt to a resuscitation ( ! ext9ct philological rule ( comp>+ ! words 9 diff]5t tongues to demon/rate relation%ip4 ,we %all f9d a po9t = ?is caution z we proce$4 ,:5 ,p]uvian civilization began we h no means ( asc]ta9+4 ,repeat$ *anges h swept ov] x4 ,x rose & fell1 & rose & fell aga91 at epo*s only p>tly )9 our k54 ,( ! ov]:elm+ antiquity claim$ = x "s ( ! facts br\ght toge!r by ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,baldw9 may give an idea4 ,montes9os1 a ,spani>d1 :o believ$ ,p]u to be ! ,ophir ( ,solomon1 dates its anci5t hi/ory f ! ye> ,b4,c4 #bejj4 ,8 fir/ p]iod ext5ds d[n to ! fir/ or second c5tury ( our era1 :5 ! anci5t k+dom 0 brok5 up into fragm5ts1 & %orn ( its e>li] glory4 ,!n came a long int]val ( confusion1 /rife1 & int]nec9e /ruggle1 :i* end$ ) ! adv5t ( ,inca-,rocca1 ! fir/ ( ! ,incas4 ,! ,incas _h ext5d$ _! sway ov] ! old limits ( ,p]u1 :5 ,piz>ro came1 9 #aeca1 & ) 8 ,spani% foll[]s swept ev]y?+ back into *aos4 ,a gre$y lu/ = gold 0 ! sole impulse ( ! trea*]\s & brutal invad]s4 ,p]fectly dead to e s5se ( honor1 /a9$ ) ! r$de/ hues ( crime1 too rapaci\s to )hold _! h&s f ! commission ( any brutality1 too crassly ignorant to c>e = k1 ! ,spani% buccane]s turn$ ,p]uvian progress back 9 its c\rse1 & /ruck su* a bl[ at ! vitality ( ! c\ntry t x has nev] recov]$4 ,x w at once be ?\ght t ,b4,c4 #bejj is a v remote date at :i* to beg9 ! hi/ory ( a c\ntry 9 ! ,new ,_w1 b let u see :at c\nt5ance sci5ce l5ds to su* a *ronology4 ,pr(essor ,orton says3 8,geology & ar*ology are comb9+ to prove t ,sorata & ,*imborazo h look$ d[n ^u a civilization f> m anci5t ?an t ( ! ,incas1 & p]haps coeval ) ! fl9t flakes ( ,cornwall & ! %ell m\nds ( ,d5m>k4 ,on ! %ores ( ,lake ,titicaca are ext5sive ru9s :i* ant$ate ! adv5t ( ,manco ,capac 7! second ( ,montes9os' olde/ dyna/y ( k+s71 & may be z v5]able z ! lake-dwell+s ( ,g5eva40 ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,wilson1 9 #ahfj1 f\nd 8anci5t1 or fossil1 pott]y0 on ! coa/ ( ,ecuador4 ,to help 9 assign+ x an age1 ! fact is all-important t x 0 f\nd bel[ a m>9e deposit sev]al feet 9 ?ickness4 ,?is pott]y1 !n1 0 made2 ! l& 0 subm]g$ at a rate almo/ incalculably sl[2 x 0 cov]$ ) a m>9e deposit2 ! l& 0 !n upheav$ to its =m] level1 aga9 at a v sl[ rate1 & sev5te5 ye>s ago1 ! pott]y came to light1 l a fossil tak5 f ! rocks1 to tell u t at an age s remote t x is h>d ev5 = imag9ation to rea* x1 ! ,p]uvians 7 accu/om$ to work+ 9 clay4 ,comp>$ ) ?is p ! ,incas are creatures ( ye/]day1 & ! e>lie/ date ( ,montes9os is h>dly m$ival4 ,! difficulty is to assign an exact1 or ev5 an approximate1 date to ! c]amic rema9s we possess4 ,_m ( !m belong to an era prec$+ t ( ! ,incas1 b no m precise language c be employ$ 9 specify+ _! age4 ,! conditions1 moreov]1 are su* t an errone\s d$uction might easily be made4 ,! great road f ,quito to ,*ili1 = in/ance1 is built *iefly ( /one4 ,! same mat]ial 0 us$ = ! inns along its c\rse1 & = _m o!r build+s4 ,?is road mu/1 at lea/ 9 "p1 be ascrib$ to a p]iod ant]ior to t ( ! ,incas4 ,at a lat] date1 :5 ! lea/ anci5t "p ( ,pa*acamac1 ! ru9$ city ( ! ,incas1 ne> ,lima1 0 built1 sun-dri$ bricks appe> z ! *ief build+ mat]ial4 ,pa*acamac 0 orig9ally built by ! natives ( ! coa/1 & among its ru9s are ^? ( "o ( _! temples1 compos$ ( adobes pa9t$ r$4 ,! ,inca ,mamacuna on ! same site is compos$ ( ! same mat]ial4 ,?is is a rev]sal ( previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,we h hi!rto associat$ unbak$ bricks ) ! e>lie/ attempts ( ! pott]4 ,if we argue f ,asiatic or ,european usage1 ! mo/ anci5t ,p]uvians w\ld appe> z primitive settl]s ignorant ( art1 :i* we h already se5 !y 7 n4 ,! be/ articles ( pott]y h be5 tak5 f ! tombs4 ,! connection ( m\ld$ clay ) ! burial ( ! dead 0 ?us univ]sal4 ,we h se5 ! ,egyptian mummy surr\nd$ by vases & j>s1 urns hold+ or cov]+ ! a%es ( ! anci5t ,briti% dead1 ! hut-%ap$ urn ( ! ,teuton1 ! rema9s ( ! ,roman legion>y deposit$ 9 an olla cov]$ by tiles or bricks1 & ! tuguria ( ,etruria2 & "h1 9 ,p]u1 is a precisely simil> cu/om regulat+ ! burial rite4 ,at ,pa*acamac ,mr4 ,squi] f\nd ?ree /rata ( mummies4 ,mo/ ( ^! 7 tak5 f little vaults ( adobes1 ro($ ) /icks & ru%es4 ,9 "o ( !m he f\nd1 ly+ beside ! dead family1 ! implem5ts ( ! husb&'s bus9ess z fi%]man1 ! wife's dome/ic articles1 includ+ a primitive sp9dle1 a girl's "w-box "u h] body1 small contrivances ( holl[$ bone = cosmetics1 & betwe5 h] feet ! dri$ body ( a pet p>rot4 ,an infant's body _h a rattle beside x4 8,besides ! bodies !re 7 a numb] ( ut5sils1 & o!r articles 9 ! vault2 among !m half a doz5 e>!n j>s1 pans1 & pots ( v>i\s sizes & ord9>y =m 7,fig4 #cfc74 ,"o or two 7 /ill incru/$ ) ! soot ( ! fires ov] :i* !y _h be5 us$4 ,e "o conta9$ some?+4 ,"o 0 fill$ ) gr\nd-nuts1 famili> to u z peanuts2 ano!r ) maize1 etc41 all except ! latt] 9 a c>boniz$ /ate40 ,probably ! nuts & maize 7 deposit$ = ! use ( ! deceas$ 9 ! future1 & ! supposition helps to increase ! illusion t we are away f ,p]u1 & back among ! graves ( ,anci5t ,egypt4 ,to ?is sup]/ition1 common1 z we h se51 to ne>ly all peoples1 we are !re=e indebt$1 n only = our k ( ,p]uvian pott]y1 b = mu* ( our in=mation reg>d+ ! p !mselves4 ,no o!r place c\ld h equall$ ! grave 9 safety = ! pres]vation ( ! records :i* h be5 pass$ f its secrecy into our h&s4 ,! imag9>y wants ( a future /ate l$ ! poor & ! ,inca to be laid 9 _! respective vaults ) ! articles !y _h us$ "h1 & :i* !y 7 suppos$ to /& 9 equal ne$ ( h]eaft]4 8,e ,inca10 says ,mr4 ,ewbank1 8_h 8 cook+ ut5sils 9 8 cemet]y2 n only 8 gold & silv] w>e1 b1 obs]ves ! native hi/orian1 #8! plates & di%es ( 8 kit*54'0 ,! favorable conditions ( soil & climate "u :i* !y 7 int]r$ increase ! difficulty ( tell+ _! age by exam9ation m]ely4 ,!y might f _! appe>ance h be5 buri$ = g5]ations or = ages4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 evid5t1 f ! "* ( ! deposits & ! assum$ wants !y anticipat$--corn1 cook+-vessels1 toys1 pets1 fi%+-l9es1 sp9dles--t ! ,p]uvians %>$ ! belief held by ,*ri/ians1 t "h !y 7 /rang]s & soj\rn]s4 ,!y prep>$ = ! next life by tak+ all _! movables ) !m1 z if m]ely *ang+ _! place ( abode4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfc4--,pott]y f ,pa*acamac4 ,! tombs be+ ?us ! great receptacles ( ,p]uvian antiquities1 :at d we f9d to be ! g5]al "* ( ! art repres5t$ 9 ! pott]y8 ,! same t is f\nd 9 ! ar*itecture or /atu>y ( ! c\ntry1 viz41 ! greate/ possible disp>ity 9 bo? design & workman%ip4 ,on "o h& are creations ( art1 ! conception ( an arti/ c>ri$ out by an arti/'s h&2 on ! o!r are ! mo/ outrage\s concessions to an idolatr\s b>b>ism4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 e>!n-w>e vessels ( diametrically opposite types are f\nd side by side 9 ! same tomb4 ,to p]plex u /ill f>!r1 ,fr5* writ]s h advanc$ ! !ory t = a v long p]iod art 9 ,s\? ,am]ica gradually b surely decl9$4 ,!y /ate t f a primitive simplicity & purity ( /yle x sank /ep by /ep into b>b>ism4 ,?is may or may n be true1 b 9 any case ! two sets ( facts may be ?us expla9$4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,egypt religion set a limit to art4 ,practically ! matt] resolv$ itself into ?is1 t ! pott]-arti/ c\ld rise above nei!r ! god he wor%ipp$ nor ! sacr$ symbol he rev]$4 ,prie/craft is necess>ily cons]vative4 ,*ange & improvem5t involve a dep>ture f ! old1 & ! anci5t gods might be left beh9d & _! %r9es des]t$1 7 art to rise above ! del9eation ( ! arti/ic abom9ations :i* 7 encas$ 9 sacr$ tradition z ! symbols ( deity4 ,! image _c *ange any m ?an ! god4 ,9 ,egypt ne>ly e =m ( life--bird1 bea/1 & plant--0 monopoliz$ by its religi\s sy/em & petrifi$ into a traditional =m4 ,x is possible t a simil> influ5ce 0 at "w 9 ,p]u4 ,! rude =ms may really h be5 :at we h /yl$ !m1 8concessions to an idolatr\s b>b>ism40 ,x is necess>y 9 ! case ( ,p]u1 z 9 t ( ,*9a or ,egypt1 to make an attempt to discov] ! ess5tials ( its religion1 t we may und]/& its c]amic art4 ,) ,p]u1 h[ev]1 we mu/ 9 "p "w backw>d1 by fir/ con/ruct+ a sy/em f :at we f9d ^u pott]y4 ,mr4 ,squi] gives mu* valuable in=mation on ?is po9t4 8,to !m10 he says1 ref]r+ to ! sacr$ vessels ( pott]y devot$ to religi\s & mortu>y s]vices1 89 default ( o!r probable or possible means ( record+ a religi\s symbolism1 we mu/ look = all ! scanty illu/rations we are ev] likely to obta9 ( ! religi\s ideas & conceptions ( _! mak]s40 ,pa*acamac took its "n f ! *ief div9ity ( ! p prior to ! com+ ( ! ,incas1 & means1 8,he :o animates ! univ]se10 8,! creator ( ! _w40 ,! idea ( a supreme be+ may ?us be inf]r$ to h be5 ! f\ndation ( a sy/em :i*1 l _m o!r anci5t religions1 resort$ to symbols1 & !nce by an easy transition assum$ 9 popul> practice ! =m ( idolatry4 ,we ?us f9d t :5 ! ,inca ,yupanqui invad$ ! ,*imus1 he call$ ^u !m to r5\nce _! wor%ip ( fi%es & animals1 & turn to t ( ! sun4 ,!re is no reason = believ+ t ! cre$ ( ! ,incas 0 sup]ior to t ( ! ,*imus4 ,x appe>s r t1 9 broadly condemn+ t p = _! wor%ip ( animals1 ! ,inca mi/ook ! use ( symbols = ! adoration ( ! animals s us$4 ,our rese>*es 9 ,egypt & else:]e w\ld lead u to ! conclusion t if ! wor%ip ( animals exi/$ any:]e1 x result$ f a misappreh5sion by ! ignorant ( ! purpose ( symboliz+ by liv+ ?+s ! attributes ( a high] p[]4 ,z 9 ,egypt1 s 9 ,p]u ! religion may be said to h be5 dual4 ,on ! "o h& is ! wor%ip ( a supreme p[]1 & ! p]sonification ( visible ag5cies 9 air1 e>?1 & wat]4 ,on ! o!r is a l[] =m1 an idolatry bord]+ ^u feti*ism4 ,"u ! high] =m wat] is p]sonifi$1 & ! god ?us con/ruct$ is accompani$ by befitt+ symbols ( 8 doma9--! turtle1 fi%1 or crab2 ! e>? is p]sonifi$1 & has z symbols ! s]p5t & liz>d2 ! air is also p]sonifi$1 & ! figure c>ries 9 8 h& a spe>1 z repres5t+ ! ?und]-bolt1 8 symbol4 ,mr4 ,squi] gives an engrav+ ( a design ^u a ,*imu vase1 9 :i* ! p[]s ( e>? & sea are array$ 9 combat4 ,! latt] is arm$ ) ! claws & %ell ( a crab1 h5ce assum$ to be 8 symbol4 ,! =m] be>s on 8 front a s]p5t's head1 wields a horn$ s]p5t 9 "o h&1 & has two simil>ly horn$ reptiles hang+ at 8 back3 h5ce ! s]p5t is accept$ z 8 symbol4 ,probably coeval ) a =m ( belief :i* s\ght su* expression1 0 ano!r "u :i* images 7 resort$ to1 & set up z ! recipi5ts ( ! wor%ip orig9ally direct$ to a high] p[]4 ,x is n impossible t ! wor%ip ( a supreme be+1 & ( 8 attributes & symbols1 may h be5 coexi/5t among ! same p4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* actually appe>s to h be5 ! case2 & if ! highe/ =m ( belief exi/$ along ) ! l[e/ =m ( expression1 x is n h>d1 z already po9t$ out1 to f9d a reason = ! coexi/5ce ( ! highe/ & l[e/ =ms ( art4 ,z to ! ,fr5* !ory ( a long-cont9u$ decl9e ( ,p]uvian art1 if we assume its tru?1 x may be expla9$ 9 ! light ( ,p]uvian hi/ory4 ,! supposition has ref]5ce1 app>5tly1 to ! e>lie/ ,p]uvian elevation1 prior to ! dismemb]m5t ( ! empire4 ,be=e ! com+ ( ! ,incas art mu/ h suff]$ f ! civil discord1 & "u ! ,incas its recov]y 0 probably h9d]$ by ! w>s :i* ext5d$ d[n to ! ,spani% conque/4 ,aft] ,piz>ro--a second dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfd4--,p]uvian ,wat]-j>4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ecda47 ,let u n[ exam9e "s ( ! =ms ( ,p]uvian pott]y4 ,x w\ld be impossible to classify or enum]ate !m all4 ,nature & religion contribut$ decorations & =ms4 ,! be+s ( e>?1 sea1 & air--m51 fi%es 7,fig4 #cfd71 animals1 & plants 7,fig4 #cfe7--7 modell$ 9 clay1 & decorations 7 drawn f ! same s\rces & f ! cu/oms ( ! p4 ,! only classification ( a compreh5sive "* is t into coa/ & inl&4 ,! =m] ( ^! divisions comprises ! great] "p ( ! specim5s n[ exi/+1 includ+1 ( c\rse1 all f ,pa*acamac1 ,hua*o1 ,santa1 & ,truxillo1 or ,*imu4 ,! latt] includes all t comes f ,cuzco 7,fig4 #cfg7 & o!r places 9 ! int]ior4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfe4--,p]uvian ,pott]y4 ,visitors to ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition may rememb] to h se5 a l>ge array ( vases & h\sehold ut5sils s5t f ,lima4 ,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,colville 7 sev]al clay idols1 belong+ to ! p]iod be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,incas4 ,"s ( ^! 7 wrapp$ 9 clo?1 & none possess$ any claims to arti/ic f9i% or design4 ,a simil> image 0 exhibit$ by ,br[n ,univ]sity1 9 ! ,rhode ,isl& section4 ,all 7 m]e c>icatures ( ! human =m4 ,along ) !m1 9 ! space allott$ to ,lima1 7 sev]al hundr$s ( qua9tly %ap$ wat]-vessels & bottles4 ,9 "s ( ^! 7 to be f\nd ^? comp\nd typical =ms di/9ctively ,am]ican4 ,9 o!rs appe>$ =ms :i* at once recall$ ! ,egyptian4 ,( ! latt] ! mo/ rem>kable 7 ! d\ble or tw9 bottles jo9$ toge!r by b&s at ! neck & base1 aft] a fa%ion obs]v$ 9 ,egypt & also 9 ,mexico4 ,x is unnecess>y to conclude f ?is fact t ,egypt _h an anci5t connection ) ,p]u4 ,sometimes on "o ( ! bottles a head 0 plac$ z a cov] to ! orifice1 o!rs _h bo? necks pla9 & op54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cff4--,p]uvian ,dr9k+-vessel4 ,/ag & ,doe4 ,! m *>act]i/ic =ms belong$ to ! class compris+ ! wat]-vessels4 ,( ^! ! favorite =m appe>$ to be :at might be describ$ z a pot-belli$ graybe>d ornam5t$ ) a rude semblance ( ! human face1 h&s1 & feet4 ,x 0 made ( all sizes4 ,ano!r might be tak5 z ! prototype ( ! mod]n r\nd-bodi$ glass wat]-bottle1 or c>afe4 ,a ?ird _h ! ar*$ syphon h&le *>act]i/ic ( an entire class2 & on ! body1 "u ! span ( ! ar*1 0 ! figure ( an animal1 too rudely modell$ = u to give x a "n4 ,on a small proportion ( ^? m5tion$ weak & undecid$ colors 7 appli$ 9 a primitive /yle ( decoration1 & 9 o!rs ! ornam5tation consi/$ ( l9es & dots or /uds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfg4--,vases f ,cuzco4 ,! ,p]uvian pott]s be/[$ a l>ge %>e ( _! inv5tive tal5t ^u wat]-vessels1 & ! reason is n difficult to f9d4 ,accord+ to its pres5t limits1 ,p]u ext5ds f ! ?ird to ! tw5ty-fir/ degree s\? latitude4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury x includ$ ! entire t]ritory n[ divid$ into ,ecuador1 ,bolivia1 ,p]u1 & ,*ili4 ,! c\ntry 9 :i* its rema9s are f\nd ext5d$ ov] two ?\s& miles s\? ( ! equator4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ?is va/ t]ritory ra9 occasionally falls1 9 o!rs nev]4 ,9 ?is fact we see ! necessity = ample means ( slak+ ?ir/4 ,! qua9t =ms are l>gely due to ! dread ( small creep+ animals f9d+ _! way into ! j>s or flagons4 ,! latt] 71 !re=e1 made 9 ! comp>atively intricate %apes already describ$1 & 9 o!rs /ill m complex & m highly ornam5tal4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfh4--;,coil$ ,wat]-vessel4 ,p]u4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #adjc47 ,! l>ge/ class comprises ^? ) ! bifurcate sp\t1 :i* s]ves at ! same "t = a h&le4 ,?is is f\nd atta*$ to vessels ( e conceivable =m4 ,! simple/ %ape is t se5 9 ! specim5 f ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution 7,fig4 #cfh71 ! body ( :i*1 h[ev]1 is some:at peculi>1 by reason ( its ris+ f ! base 9 a coil ( spiral folds4 ,sev]al modifications ( ?is /yle are se5 9 ! engrav+ 7,fig4 #cfi74 ,! pres5ce ( ?is sp\t 9 any ( its =ms is ( special int]e/ z di/9ctive ( pott]y f ! coa/ settlem5ts4 ,its modifications include a va/ numb] ( int]e/+ examples m or less arti/ic4 ,f ! s+le vessel ) bifurcate sp\t we may pass to o!rs 9 :i* !re are two op5+s jo9$ toge!r by a h&le4 ,high] ?an ^! are ! vases1 9 :i*1 ) only "o orifice1 ! body is d\ble4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cfi4--;,anci5t ,p]uvian ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgj4--,p]uvian ,pott]y4 ,9 "o ! receptacle = ! wat] consi/s ( a s]ies ( f\r *amb]s1 ) po9t$ bases arrang$ 9 a circle1 & jo9$ toge!r 7,fig4 #cgj74 ,! h&le is ! ar*1 ) sp\t on ! top4 ,9 "s ! vessel assumes ! =m ( a fi%1 ) a h&le on ! ridge ( ! back1 or ( an animal ) semi-human face4 ,! tw9 %ape is exce$+ly v>i$4 ,a v f9e specim5 has ! bottles ) r\nd1 flatt5$ bodies1 & "o ( !m surm\nt$ by a dim9utive human figure hold+ a cross on ! "r %\ld]1 :ile f ! left ! h&le crosses to ! tall1 slightly tap]+ neck ( ! tw9 bottle4 ,! flat sides ( ! bottles are decorat$ ) /uds & zigzags1 :i* might be con/ru$ into s]p5t9e =ms4 ,a bird sitt+ 9 ! cavity ( "o neck sometimes takes ! place ( ! heads already allud$ to4 ,9 "s ( ! d\ble bottles ! communication is ?r\gh ! h&le4 ,9 o!rs x is effect$ by jo9+ ! bodies toge!r1 z 9 ! curi\s specim5 7,fig4 #cga71 9 :i* ! rudely modell$ kneel+ figure ( a man eat+ & dr9k+ is jo9$ to ! tw9 comp>tm5t at ! back by ! passage-way betwe5 ! two sections4 ,!re are _m o!r v>ieties2 b ! mo/ rem>kable specim5s are ^? 9 :i* an attempt is made to simulate ! human head & =m4 ,! =m] is c>v$ 9 co>se l9es cov]+ ! entire expanse ( a heavily =m$ vase1 ! h&les ( :i*1 l[ d[n on ! body1 repres5t ! e>s4 ,ev5 l[] ?an ?is1 & p>allel ) ! mo/ primitive bessa ( ,egypt1 are o!r wide-m\!d j>s ( a type altoge!r diff]5t1 design$ to s]ve a purpose entirely di/9ct f ^? la/ consid]$4 ,f ^! z a base we c rise to :at we mu/ reg>d z ! *efs-d'uvre ( anci5t ,am]ican art4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cga4--,p]uvian ,wat]-vessel4 7,smi?sonian ,in/41 #acii47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgb4--;,greek ,dr9k+-cup4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve1 en passant1 a simil>ity ( usage betwe5 ,p]u & ,greece 7,figs4 #cgb & #cgc7 9 select+ ! human head z ! model ( a dr9k+-cup2 b let u obs]ve ! ,p]uvian type4 ,9 "o 7,fig4 #cgc7 ! head is ?r[n back1 & f ! =ehead to ! cr[n passes ! syphon h&le4 ,to balance ?is backw>d weight ! face is ?ru/ =w>d1 & ! expression is affect$ by ! position4 ,we see t ! arti/ has made all[ance = ?is 9 ! l9es r\nd ! m\? & ! slightly p>t$ lips4 ,a fa9t suspicion ( weakness is ?us left ^u ! c\nt5ance4 ,tak+ x 9 pr(ile1 "o almo/ wond]s :]e ! arti/ f\nd a model = ! l>ge b well-=m$ nose & /rong und]jaw4 ,ev5 f9] is ano!r head 7,fig4 #cgd71 cov]$ ) a close-fitt+ cap fall+ 9 heavy flaps beh9d4 ,9 ?is ! face is1 we w\ld say1 ( ! be/ ,saxon type1 full ( /r5g?1 vigor1 & det]m9ation4 ,n a weak l9e c be f\nd4 ,) x be=e u1 all wond] z to ! civilization ( anci5t ,p]u is at an end4 ,ap>t altoge!r f ! workman%ip1 !re are moral qualities traceable 9 ! model :i* conv9ce u t ) su* m5 civilization 0 a condition ( life2 n a labor1 b a necessity4 ,! face we>s ! placid1 self-confid5t1 p[]ful expression ( "o born to be a rul] ( m54 ,t ! arti/ has caught su* a look ( /r5g? 9 repose may imply ei!r 8 ma/]y ( portraiture or 8 famili>ity ) a high type ( manhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgc4--,p]uvian ,dr9k+-vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgd4--,p]uvian ,wat]-vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cge4--;,head ( ,rum9hauy4 ,belong+ to a l[] ord] ( ! same class is t giv5 9 ! engrav+ 7,fig4 #cge71 ! head ( a man ^: :ole hi/ory is writt5 9 indelible l9es 9 8 face4 ,! head is t ( ,rum9hauy1 or ,rumm9aui1 a ,p]uvian cacique4 ,! piece is f ! collection ( ,s5hor ,b>boza1 ,rio de ,janeiro1 & orig9ally belong$ to ,g5]al ,alv>es1 8! la/ ,spani% political *ief & comm&ant ( ! prov9ce ( ,cuzco40 ,mr4 ,ewbank saw x at ,rio1 & gives a description ( x1 & a sket* ( ! mon/] ^: features are ?us pres]v$4 ,! piece is ( r$di% clay1 modell$ by h&1 n9e in*es 9 height1 & ) an int]nal dep? ( six in*es4 ,ev]y?+ indicates t ! "w is a lik5ess4 ,little peculi>ities1 su* z ! want ( a too? & a sc> on ! *eek1 _c be expla9$ ^u any o!r hypo!sis4 ,! piece is comp>atively rec5t4 ,:51 9 #aeca1 ,piz>ro ent]$ ,p]u at ,tumbez1 ! ,inca1 ,huayna ,capac1 _h divid$ 8 k+dom betwe5 8 two sons1 ,huasc> & ,atahualpa1 betwe5 :om a /ruggle ensu$ = ! sole p[]1 & result$ 9 ! dea? ( ,huasc>4 ,atahualpa 0 aft]w>d seiz$ by ,piz>ro1 &1 "u circum/ances ( gross trea*]y & brutality1 0 put to dea?4 ,x 0 !n t ,rum9hauy comes ^u ! sc5e 9 ! hi/ory ( ,g>cilasso de la ,vega4 ,s*em+ to succe$ ,atahualpa1 he invit$ 8 bro!r & *ildr5 to a banquet1 &1 aft] mak+ !m drunk1 murd]$ !m4 ,) ! sk9 ( ,atahualpa's bro!r he cov]$ a drum1 & left ! scalp hang+ to x4 ,8 next atrocity 0 ! bury+ alive ( a numb] ( wom51 "y & old4 8,?us10 says ,g>cilasso1 z quot$ by ,mr4 ,ewbank1 8did ?is b>b>\s tyrant discov] m inhuman cruelty & rel5tless b[els by ?is murd] committ$ on poor silly wom51 :o knew no?+ b h[ to sp9 & weave1 ?an by 8 bloody trea*]y practis$ on /\t soldi]s & m>tial m54 ,& :at f>!r aggravates 8 crime 01 t he 0 !re pres5t to see ! execution ( 8 dete/able s5t5ce1 be+ m pleas$ ) ! objects ( 8 cruelty1 & 8 eyes m delight$ ) ! sad & dismal sight ( s _m p]i%+ virg9s1 ?an ) any o!r prospect4 99 99 99 ,?us end$ ^! poor virg9s1 dy+ only = a little feign$ laught]1 :i* transport$ ! tyrant beyond 8 s5ses4 ,b ?is villany pass$ n unpuni%$2 =1 aft] _m o!r outrages he _h committ$ dur+ ! "t ( 8 rebellion aga9/ ! ,spani>ds1 & aft] "s skirmi%es ) ,seba/ian ,belalcaar 7:o 0 s5t to suppress him71 & aft] he _h f\nd by exp]i5ce t he 0 nei!r able to resi/ ! ,spani>ds1 nor yet1 by reason ( 8 dete/able cruelties1 to live among ! ,indians1 he 0 =c$ to retire ) 8 family to ! m\nta9s ( ,antis1 :]e he suff]$ ! fate ( o!r tyrannical usurp]s1 & !n mo/ mis]ably p]i%$40 ,^! details1 beside giv+ a gha/ly k9d ( int]e/ to ! object engrav$1 enable u to =m an op9ion ( ! arti/'s ability4 ,aside f ! possibility t ! piece has pres]v$ ! actual features ( ! mon/]1 x c]ta9ly gives expression to all ! bad qualities ) :i* ! hi/orian has clo!d ,rum9hauy1 & contra/s /rongly ) ^? giv5 above1 & ) t 7,fig4 #cgf7 f ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgf4--,p]uvian ,wat]-vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgg--,p]uvian ,wat]-vessel4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #gbdb47 ,aft] ^! individual examples a few ( ! lead+ po9ts ( ,p]uvian decoration & te*nique mu/ be notic$4 ,we h se5 t 9 =ms ! lead+ t5d5cy 0 t[>d ! reproduction ( ! natural object4 ,m+l$ z ! high is ) ! l[1 ! ultimate aim appe>s to h be5 ! excell5ce conta9$ 9 similitude4 ,9 decoration we f9d designs ) :i* old-_w exp]i5ce has made u m or less famili>4 ,! vessels on :i* !y appe> illu/rate ! t5d5cy n t[>d a purely ornam5tal art1 b t[>d ! arti/ic embelli%m5t ( ! useful4 ,l all o!r nations1 ! ,p]uvians rose f use to beauty1 & hav+ devis$ ! %ape be/ subs]v+ ! useful object1 !y !n attempt$ its ornam5tation4 ,9 do+ s !y resort$ to decoration closely alli$ ) ! ,european & ,asiatic4 ,_! fret is ! same z t di/+ui%$ by ! "n 8,grecian10 al?\gh x orig9ally came f ,asia4 ,_! scrolls also occasionally be> a close resemblance to ! ,european4 ,! faces already ref]r$ to are ei!r incis$1 engrav$1 or laid ^u ! surface4 ,^? engrav$ leave ! impression ( hav+ be5 cut into a body made suffici5tly ?ick to p]mit ( ! successful application ( su* a me?od ( decoration4 ,!y h no appe>ance :atev] ( hav+ be5 made f a m\ld4 ,( ! same g5]al "* is ! dr9k+-vessel 7,fig4 #cgg74 ,! design1 ! import ( :i* x is difficult to det]m9e1 is grav$ 9 a panel cov]+ ! great] "p ( "o side ( ! piece4 ,o!r pieces h ! figures simil>ly grav$ ^u panels /udd$ ) dots1 = ! evid5t purpose ( height5+ ! relief4 ,on "o ( ?is class is a long-bill$ bird1 & on ano!r1 :i* is "h giv5 7,fig4 #cgh71 ! design consi/s ( a nondescript animal4 ,a s+ul> resemblance to a ,*9ese habit is discov]able 9 ! employm5t ( monkey =ms1 ei!r = h&les or o!rwise1 :]e ! ,*9ese us$ ^? ( liz>ds4 ,on "o ( ! d\ble-belli$ bottles common to ,p]u1 ,*9a1 & ,japan1 we f9d two monkeys cl++ to ! upp] sph]e1 z if support+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgh4--,p]uvian ,pit*]4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution47 ,! *ief colors employ$ 7 r$1 black1 & br[n4 ,x appe>s probable t !y 7 m9]al colors fix$ by fir+1 s9ce we _c o!rwise acc\nt = _! pres]vation4 ,! ,*ilians are said 7,h>tt7 to h bak$ _! pott]y 9 holes dug 9 ! hill-sides1 & to h appli$ to x a sort ( v>ni% made ( m9]al e>?4 ,x is wor? not+1 h[ev]1 t ! ,p]uvians possess$ vegetable dyes ( :i* we h no practical k4 ,all ! wond]ful colors us$ = dye+ clo?1 :i* pres]v$ _! orig9al hue & brilliancy aft] ages ( exposure or burial 9 ! tombs1 are vegetable4 ,! la/+ quality alone does n1 !re=e1 compel ! conclusion t ! colors on pott]y are m9]al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cgi4--,! ,caballito1 f ,*imu4 ,! consid]ation ( ! uses ( ^! colors1 & ( sev]al o!r k9ds ( decoration1 may be comb9$ ) t ( ! cu/oms & ta/es ( ! ,p]uvians z reflect$ 9 _! clay records4 ,travell]s rea*+ ,p]u f ! sea tell ( enc\nt]+1 z !y ne>$ ! %ore1 numb]s ( ! natives paddl+ _! caballitos4 ,^! qua9t apologies = boats are m]ely bundles ( re$s ti$ toge!r1 across :i* ! boatman /rides1 & r[s1 ,indian fa%ion1 ) a d\ble-blad$ paddle4 ,! pr[ is turn$ up 9 front4 ,s crazy a craft w\ld seem to be among ! ?+s lea/ calculat$ to inspire ! pott] ) an idea4 ,x did1 h[ev]1 prove sugge/ive 7,fig4 #cgi71 & ! caballito has be5 f\nd 9 clay on ! sites ( diff]5t coa/ settlem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chj4--,trumpet4 ,bak$ ,clay4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cha4--,tamb\r9e ,play]4 ,we also le>n f _! c]amic decorations t ! ,p]uvians ( ,*imu liv$ 9 build+s ( a s+le /ory ) slant+ ro(1 & hav+ a hole 9 ! gable = light or v5tilation4 ,t !y _h a ta/e = music is plac$ beyond dispute by _! vessels & in/rum5ts ( clay 7,fig4 #chj74 ,"s ( _! rud] devices are v s+ul>4 ,mr4 ,ewbank m5tions a :i/le =m$ 9 ! body ( a small bird ( bak$ clay4 ,! relic1 he says1 0 v old1 & ! head miss+4 8,! tone 0 %rill & cle>1 & 0 pleasantly modifi$ by p>tially or :olly clos+ ) ! f+] an op5+ 9 ! brea/40 ,! wat]-vessels are also sometimes s con/ruct$ t ! h&le passes f ! sp\t on "o side to a simil> projection on ! o!r1 on :i* is a bird or animal's head4 ,! air ru%+ ?r\gh a hole left 9 ! latt]1 z ! vessel is be+ fill$ or empti$1 frequ5tly causes a s\nd resembl+ t peculi> to ! bird or animal4 ,to ?is class ( 8:i/l+ j>s0 belongs ! d\ble vessel 7,fig4 #cga7 repres5t+ a man at lun*4 ,musicians & musical in/rum5ts are pa9t$ ^u vases1 &1 z 9 ! cut 7,fig4 #cha71 ! vessel itself may be a repres5tation ( a musician4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chb4--;,black-w>e4 ,p]uvian4 7,smi?sonian ,in/41 #agja47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chc4--,p]uvian ,cup1 f\nd at ,arequipa4 7,smi?sonian ,in/41 #ahab47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chd4--,p]uvian ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #che4--,p]uvian ,vessels4 ,! decorations hi!rto obs]v$ h consi/$ ( grav+s 9 ! pa/e1 dots1 & colors4 ,! black-w>e j> 7,fig4 #chb7 is a f>!r exemplification ( ! fir/ ( ^! me?ods4 ,! head & ! e>s ( corn :i* divide ! surface into f\r sections h all be5 app>5tly c>v$ 9 an orig9ally ?ick body4 ,by cutt+ x d[n ! e>s are left 9 high relief4 ,! specim5 is evid5tly v old4 ,! vessels decorat$ ) pa9t+s are g5]ally ( a totally diff]5t arti/ic ord]1 al?\gh a few1 su* z ! cup "h giv5 7,fig4 #chc71 comb9e pa9t+ ) a rude attempt at modell+4 ,! h&le consi/s ( a monkey ) its =epaws1 or h&s1 re/+ ^u ! edge ( ! cup4 ,x 0 tak5 f a grave at ,arequipa1 elev5 feet bel[ ! surface ( ! soil1 & 0 br\ght to ?is c\ntry & pres5t$ to ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution by ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul ,eckel1 ,talcahuana1 ,*ili4 ,! decoration is d>k br[n on a creamy gr\nd4 ,simil> to x1 b hav+ ! mitr$ head ( an ,inca on ! h&le1 is ! cup on ! left ( ! adjo9+ cut 7,fig4 #chd74 ,! o!r vessels1 ) ! exception possibly ( ! l[] "o1 h be5 us$ z pans or boil]s1 ! l>ge/ %[+ m>ks ( ! fire1 & all be+ de/itute ( ornam5t ) ! exception ( ! pa9t$ /opp] ( ! l>ge/ specim54 ,x ?us appe>s ! ,p]uvians us$ e>!n-w>e = cul9>y purposes1 & sev]al vessels ( ?is k9d are elaborately pa9t$ 9 black & r$ on ! yell[ gr\nd4 ,9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #che7 ,nos4 #a & #c are ( ?is class4 ,!y 7 app>5tly design$ ei!r to be susp5d$ above an op5 fire1 or to re/ 9 a /ove-cov] p]=at$ = _! reception4 ,to s]ve ! purpose ( a lid holl[ /opp]s1 l ,no4 #d1 7 us$4 ,! l[] "p ( ! vessels is undecorat$4 ,! flat-bottom$ pit*] & b[l1 ,nos4 #b & #e1 are especially wor?y ( att5tion = _! decoration4 ,! light r$ body ( ! =m] is cov]$ ) a d>k *ocolate gr\nd-color1 9 :i* ! design appe>s 9 :ite--a m+l+ ( ! />1 circle1 & *a9 patt]n4 ,o!r v>ieties are se5 9 ! pieces 7,fig4 #chf7 f ,s5hor ,b>boza's collection4 ,on ! left is a caldron1 flat-bottom$ & ) side r+s4 ,! great] "p ( its ornam5tation has be5 worn away4 ,! rema9+ ?ree pieces are suppos$ to h be5 us$ = c>ry+ liquids1 & t on ! "r has1 besides ! r+s on ! body1 p]=at$ e>s imm$iately bel[ ! lip4 ,! decoration ( ! small r\nd-bottom$ pi*et consi/s ( incis$ l9es4 ,! long-neck$ bottle is ornam5t$ 9 colors1 9 reg>d to ! arrangem5t ( :i* ! piece may be tak5 z repres5t+ a l>ge class ( vessels 9 :i* ! decoration--consi/+ ( squ>es1 ! l>g] conta9+ ! small]--is arrang$ v]tically4 ,! art is ( ! same ord] z ! geometrical designs & conc5tric circles ( ,phnicia & e>ly ,greece4 ,we f9d x aga9 9 ! %all[ ladles 7,fig4 #chg71 notably 9 t on ! "r1 :i* 0 f\nd ne> ,/4 ,seba/ian1 ,cuzco1 9 #ahbj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chf4--,p]uvian ,pott]y4 7,s5hor ,b>boza ,coll47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chg4--,p]uvian ,pott]y4 7,b>boza ,coll47 ,on ^! pieces yell[ is comb9$ ) ! r$1 :ite1 br[n1 & black we h hi!rto met4 ,a yet ri*] palette 0 br\ght to ! decoration ( ! flat circul> bottle 7,fig4 #chh71 ! upp] "p ( :i* is pa9t$ ^u ! r$ pa/e 9 black1 :ite1 gre51 & purple l9es4 ,z to ! processes to :i* ! ,p]uvians resort$1 ,m>ryat quotes a passage f ,s\!y's 8,hi/ory ( ,brazil0 :i* gives a little light4 8,! ,tup9ambas10 he says1 87 9 _m respects an improv$ race4 ,! wom5 7 skilful pott]s4 ,!y dri$ _! vessels 9 ! sun1 !n inv]t$ !m1 & cov]$ !m ) dry b>k1 to :i* !y set fire1 & ?us bak$ !m suffici5tly4 ,_m ( ! ,am]ican tribes c>ri$ ?is art to great p]fection4 ,!re are "s :o bury _! dead 9 j>s l>ge en\gh to receive !m erect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chh4--,p]uvian ,pott]y4 7,b>boza ,coll47 8,! ,tup9ambas1 by means ( "s :ite liquid1 glaz$ ! inside ( _! vessels s well1 t x is said t ! pott]s 9 ,france c\ld n d x bett]4 ,! outside 0 g5]ally f9i%$ ) less c>e4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 9 :i* !y kept _! food 7 frequ5tly pa9t$ 9 scrolls & fl\ri%es1 intricately int]twi/$ & nicely execut$1 b aft] no patt]n2 nor c\ld !y copy :at !y _h once produc$4 ,?is e>!n-w>e 0 9 common use2 & ,de ,l]y obs]ves t 9 ?is respect ! savages 7 bett] furni%$ ?an ^? p]sons 9 8 own c\ntry :o f$ f tr5*]s & wood5 b[ls40 ,o!r ,indian tribes us$ wat]-colors aft] burn+1 & also a vegetable v>ni%4 ,h[ f> ^! cu/oms ext5d$ we _c def9e by geographical limits4 ,x %[s ! t5d5cy ( ?is p1 already rem>k$ 9 ! ,p]uvians1 to mak+ beauty subs]vi5t to use4 ,an inside glaze 9 connection ) a r\gh ext]ior is some?+ r>ely to be f\nd else:]e4 ,t ! ,p]uvians us$ m\lds is almo/ c]ta94 ,mr4 ,h>tt is ( ! op9ion t _m ( _! vessels 7 m\ld$ 9 two p>ts & !n lut$ toge!r1 & t "s ( ! m\lds 7 made f natural objects4 ,he also sugge/s t ! m\ld 0 sometimes made f a patt]n vessel1 & !n bak$4 ,to conclude z to ,p]u1 its c]amics may yet be m fully & sy/ematically /udi$4 ,at pres5t x is in/ructive to rem>k h[1 on ! assumption ( its art be+ orig9al & n d]ivative1 x s\ght expression 9 ways s ne>ly id5tical ) ^? ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,a !ory ( *ronology _c1 9 ! pres5t condition ( our k1 be con/ruct$4 ,! works pass$ 9 review evid5tly belong to epo*s f> ap>t f ea* o!r1 & probably to diff]5t bran*es ( ! p inhabit+ ,p]u4 ,"s ( ! specim5s are und\bt$ly v old1 & o!rs1 includ+ ! pa9t$ w>es1 _c be ascrib$ to a v remote era4 ,! head ( ,rum9hauy _c be ref]r$ to a m di/ant date ?an ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ! mod]n "w1 ?\gh inf]ior to t we h notic$1 is too closely alli$ to x1 9 composition & ! /yle ( decoration1 = u to feel ju/ifi$ 9 accord+ to mu* ( ! old] pa9t$ pott]y a great] age ?an two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #chi4--;,brazilian ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cij--;,brazilian ,coroados ,*ief1 9 ,fun]al ,urn4 ,( mod]n ,brazil we w\ld expect mu*1 if we take its rul]1 ! indefatigable & enlight5$ ,dom ,p$ro1 z a repres5tative ( 8 p4 ,our k is extremely meagre4 ,9 an o!rwise admirable section at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 ! pott]y 0 ( little consequ5ce4 ,! be/ works 7 unglaz$ t]ra-cottas1 ,greek 9 =m1 & decorat$ ) ,greek subjects4 ,!re 7 also "s vases ( r$ clay repres5t+ native ,brazilian =ms decorat$ ) reliefs1 m$allions1 & faces1 9 light-br[n clay4 ,9 o!rs ! colors 7 rev]s$1 ! light br[n clay =m+ ! body & ! r$ ! ornam5ts4 ,"s ( ! bett] specim5s are n[ 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 at ,wa%+ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cia4--,mod]n ,brazilian ,pott]y4 ,( ! anci5t ,brazilian pott]y ,mr4 ,?omas ,ewbank describes a bas9 7,fig4 #chi7 9 ! ,rio ,museum4 ,x is made presumably by h&1 z no m>ks ( ! :eel are obs]vable1 ( a grayi% yell[ clay imp]fectly burn$1 cov]$ ) a light & poor k9d ( glaz+1 & is ov]run by m9ute cracks4 ,x is color$ inside & out ) r$1 yell[1 & br[n4 ,! outside 0 black ) smoke1 & sugge/s t ! vessel may h be5 us$ z a pot or caldron4 ,! decoration consi/s ( a d>k-r$ b& j bel[ ! rim1 & a tangl$ mass ( l9es & dots4 ,"s ( ! tribes1 & among !m ! ,coroados ( ! ,p>ahiba ,riv]1 us$ e>!n j>s = ! reception ( ! mummies ( _! *iefs 7,fig4 #cij74 ,mr4 ,ewbank also gives "s int]e/+ details reg>d+ ! mak+ & quality ( mod]n ,brazilian pott]y4 ,on "o e/ate :i* he visit$ he f\nd a numb] ( female slaves engag$ 9 mak+ bricks & tiles4 ,! native ,brazilian gives no enc\ragem5t to =eign trade1 pref]r+ ! pott]y ( 8 own c\ntry z bett] suit$ to ! dome/ic usages among :i* he lives4 ,wat]-vessels =m ! /aple ( ! indu/ry1 entire c>goes sometimes consi/+ ( talhas & mor+ues1 = hold+ wat] & dr9k+4 ,! l>ge c5tre piece 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #cia7 is a talha1 & may be se5 9 almo/ any ,brazilian h\se4 ,x w hold f t5 to fifte5 gallons4 ,! f\r vases 9 ! engrav+1 two on ei!r side ( ! talha1 are v>ieties ( ! same vessel4 ,( ! dr9k+-vessels ! mo/ common is t call$ ! 8monkey0 7,fig4 #cib1 a74 ,al?\gh x holds f a gallon & a half to two gallons & a half1 x is us$ )\t ! int]v5tion ( a tumbl]1 ! small] sp\t be+ appli$ to ! lips4 ,9 ! same engrav+1 b1 c1 d1 & e are table mor+ues1 z are ^? at i1 i4 ,! decant]1 h1 is common por\s e>!n-w>e1 admirably suit$ = keep+ its cont5ts cool4 ,! ew] & bas91 f & g1 are highly color$ e>!n-w>e f ,bahia1 & betwe5 !m /&s an ,indian mor+ue ( +5i\s con/ruction4 ,x is fill$ f ! bottom by means ( ! tube m>k$ by a dott$ l9e4 ,! cup-l vessel at k is "o ( ! ord9>y k9d ( c5s]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cib4--,mod]n ,brazilian ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cic4--;,corrugat$ ,w>e4 ,colombia4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #ae1ceb47 ,to %[ t ! ,p]uvians did n necess>ily use m9]al colors = _! pott]y1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,edw>ds's description ( ! processes he f\nd among ! wild tribes on ! ,amazon may be ref]r$ to4 ,_! colors 7 ( ! simple/ k9d3 indigo blue1 black f ! juice ( ! m&ioca1 gre5 f ano!r plant1 & r$ & yell[ f clays4 ,a small k9d ( palm 0 made into a bru% to apply ! pigm5ts4 ,! designs consi/$ ( squ>es1 circles1 & rudely drawn figures4 ,a res9\s gum 0 rubb$ ov] ! vessels aft] !y _h be5 w>m$1 & answ]$ all ! purposes ( a glaze4 ,be=e leav+ ! ,s\? ,am]ican cont95t att5tion may be direct$ to a s+le specim5 f ,colombia4 ,x is 7,fig4 #cic7 an unpa9t$ b[l ( corrugat$ w>e1 & is ( importance to ! pres5t inquiry1 z belong+1 app>5tly1 to a class ( pott]y ( :i* examples h be5 f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t4 ,^! w be treat$ ( h]eaft]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,c5tral ,,am]ica4 ,connection ) ,p]u4--,nic>agua4--,ometepec4--,mod]n ,pott]s4--,guatemala4--,anci5t ,cities4--,:o ,built ,!m4--,copan4--,quirigua4--,pal5que4--,m itla4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cid4--,r$-w>e ,vase4 ,ometepec4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #bh1iad47 ,pass+ ! ,i/hmus we rea* ! ar*aeological wond]l& compris+ ,c5tral ,am]ica & ,mexico4 ,x is n improbable t !re 0 an e>ly connection betwe5 ! anci5t occupants ( ^! regions & ! ,s\? ,am]icans4 ,z !y appe> to u 9 _! ar*itectural rema9s1 h[ev]1 !re is little beyond ! gr&eur common to _! und]tak+s to sugge/ aff9ity4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,conque/ ! natives ( ! ,i/hmus _h und\bt$ly relations ) ,p]u4 ,x 0 !re t ,balboa & ! m successful ,piz>ro fir/ he>d any?+ def9ite ( t c\ntry4 ,on ,piz>ro's second attempt to rea* ! rumor$ l& ( gold1 he met "o ( ! ,p]uvian balsas lad5 ) textile fabrics1 silv] mirrors1 vases1 & g5]al m]*&ise4 ,x is curi\s to f9d ,mr4 ,squi] describ+ ! same primitive craft 9 ! ,gulf ( ,guayaquil1 m ?an ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s lat]4 ,^! rafts c\ld h>dly h be5 us$ = di/ant voyages1 b 7 app>5tly ! means ( c>ry+ on a coa/ trade betwe5 ,p]u & ! nor?4 ,! inhabitants ( ! ,i/hmus _h a tol]ably intimate acqua9tance ) ,p]u1 & ,balboa1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,baldw91 ga9$ cle> in=mation 9 reg>d to t c\ntry f natives :o _h evid5tly se5 x4 ,f ?is x may be inf]r$ t ! int]c\rse betwe5 ! two peoples 0 suffici5tly close to acc\nt = any simil>ity betwe5 ! pott]y belong+ to ,c5tral ,am]ica & t ( ,p]u4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cie4--,nic>aguan ,vase4 ,ometepec4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #bh1dcf47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cif4--,pa9t$ ,tripod4 ,ometepec4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #bh1dgi47 ,pass+ nor?w>d ?r\gh ,co/a ,rica1 :]e _m specim5s h be5 f\nd1 we rea* ,nic>agua4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,brans=d1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n41 exhum$ f ! graves on ,ometepec ,isl&1 9 ,lake ,nic>agua1 a numb] ( v int]e/+ relics1 :i* are n[ 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,!y are especially wor?y ( /udy z hav+ be5 discov]$ 9 diff]5t deposits m>k$ by successive lay]s ( volcanic matt]4 ,"o ( ! olde/ 7,fig4 #cid7 0 tak5 f a grave bel[ ! l[-wat] level ( ! lake4 ,mak+ due all[ance = ! fact t ! lake lies 9 a region dott$ 9 e direction ) volcanoes1 ! grave & its cont5ts mu/ /ill possess a v respectable antiquity4 ,g5]ally ! old bury+-gr\nds occupy elevat$ sites4 ,! design resembles ! d\ble cross1 & is grav$ 9 ! pa/e4 ,a simil> /yle ( decoration appe>s on ano!r vase 7,fig4 #cie7 f ! same di/rict4 ,! r$ clay is cov]$ ) a creamy enamel1 ov]run ) incis$ l9es4 ,^! are c>ri$ r\nd ! body 9 two b&s ( ?ree l9es ea*1 & are o!rwise dispos$ ov] ! surface )\t any app>5t me?od 9 ! arrangem5t4 ,! colors f\nd ^u _m ( ! ,p]uvian vessels1 r$1 creamy buff1 & black1 are se5 ^u ! tripod 7,fig4 #cif71 also f ,ometepec4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! purpose = :i* ?is vessel 0 employ$1 its use 0 n conf9$ to ,ometepec4 ,at ,gueguet5ango1 9 ,guatemala1 ,mr4 ,/eph5s f\nd "o ( poli%$ w>e ( ! same g5]al design4 ,x 0 tak5 f a vault conta9+ bones1 "u a religi\s--probably a sacrificial--pyramidal /ructure4 ,! specim5 f ,ometepec 0 f\nd 9 a grave4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cig4--;,burial ,urns f ,ometepec4 ,! urns ( ! anci5t ,nic>aguans are g5]ally ( "o %ape 7,fig4 #cig71 & h be5 f\nd conta9+ bo? a%es & unburn$ bones4 ,t]ra-cotta vessels ( all k9ds1 "s ( !m pa9t$1 h be5 dug up bo? )9 & beyond ! b\nds ( ! cemet]ies4 ,!y occasionally take ! =m ( m5 7,fig4 #cih7 & animals4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cih4--,t]ra-cotta f ,ometepec-- size4 ,! pres5t inhabitants are skilful pott]s4 ,!y foll[ me?ods ( decorat+ practically id5tical ) ^? ( ! ,brazilians1 & su* z !y h be5 acqua9t$ ) = at lea/ ?ree c5turies4 ,! :eel is unkn[n among !m4 ,colors & a k9d ( glaze are bo? br\ght into requisition4 ,! old inhabitants ( ,guatemala h left clay idols & urns4 ,"o ( ! =m]1 f ,santa ,cruz del ,qui*e1 & "h giv5 9 front & pr(ile 7,fig4 #cii71 is holl[1 v h>d & smoo?4 ,x is said to be ! image ( ,cabuahuil1 "o ( ! old deities ( ! c\ntry4 ,f ! same di/rict come ! t]ra-cotta heads 7,fig4 #djj71 "o ( :i*--t on ! left--is holl[1 & ! o!r is solid4 ,!y are well poli%$ & extremely h>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,pr(ile ( ,figure4 ,fig4 #cii4--,t]ra-cotta ,holl[ ,figure1 f ,santa ,cruz del ,qui*e1 ,guatemala4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #djj4--,t]ra-cotta ,heads1 f ,santa ,cruz del ,qui*e1 ,guatemala4 ,resembl+ ! burial urns ( ,ometepec is "o tak5 f a m\nd at ,gueguet5ango 7,fig4 #dja74 ,! *ief diff]5ces are ! h&le & a decoration 9 relief on ! unpoli%$ surface4 ,x 0 accompani$ by a vase or cup 7,fig4 #djb7 ( poli%$ w>e ta/efully decorat$ ) b&s & a grav$ design4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dja4--,vase f\nd at ,gueguet5ango1 ,guatemala4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #djb4--,vase f\nd 9 a ,m\nd at ,gueguet5ango1 ,guatemala4 ,ov] ?is entire region1 ext5d+ f ,nic>agua to ,mexico1 & only p>tially explor$1 !re are evid5ces ( successive *anges hav+ tak5 place betwe5 ! ,spani% conque/ & a remote antiquity4 ,z 9 ,p]u1 dates are purely conjectural4 ,epo*s are m>k$ by broad divisions1 su* z make x cle> t ! *anges :i* took place 7 deeply felt4 ,hi/ory1 prop]ly s call$1 gives u b little aid4 ,we are told ( a "t :5 ! ,*i*imecs inhabit$ ! c\ntry--a rude1 ignorant p1 class$ z aborig9al4 ,! "n ,*i*imecs is appli$ to all savage tribes4 ,!y may h be5 ei!r ! orig9al inhabitants ( ! c\ntry1 or w&]]s f ! ,p]uvian c5tre ( civilization1 f :i* !y _h be5 sep>at$ s long t !y _h relaps$ into b>b>ism1 or deta*$ portions ( ! orig9al settl]s :o travell$ f ! nor? to ! s\?4 ,9 any ev5t1 civilization came to ,c5tral ,am]ica ) ! ,colhuas1 :o introduc$ ! arts & indu/ries1 & left ! gr&e/ monum5ts to be f\nd 9 t /range l&4 ,:o 7 ! ,colhuas8 & :5ce did !y come8 ,no positive answ] c be return$ to ^! que/ions1 & t is select$ :i* appe>s mo/ reasonable1 viz41 t !y came by sea f ! nor!rn p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,tradition po9ts 9 ?is direction4 ,aft] ! ,colhuas ! ,toltecs arriv$1 & r$uc$ _! pr$ecessors to subjection at a suppositi\s epo*1 ,b4,c4 #ajjj4 ,= "s reason or o!r1 possibly on acc\nt ( bo? int]nal disorganization & attack f )\t1 ! ,toltec p[] is said to h decay$ a few c5turies be=e ! ,aztecs appe> on ! sc5e4 ,sev]al hundr$ ye>s lat] 7#aeai7 ,cortez arriv$1 & ! results m>k+ ,piz>ro's conque/ ( ,p]u foll[$ 9 ,mexico4 ,t ! ,aztecs 7 a p ( great intellig5ce _c reasonably be d\bt$2 t !y equall$ _! ,toltec or ,colhuan pr$ecessors may be que/ion$4 ,all ! evid5ce goes to %[ t !y w5t upw>d f ! ,s\?1 :]e !y _h exi/$ z a semi-civiliz$ tribe1 & t1 on rea*+ ! seat ( ! ,toltecs1 !y subjugat$ !m1 & avail$ !mselves1 to ! be/ ( _! ability1 ( all ! k & atta9m5ts ) :i* conque/ br\ght !m 9 contact4 ,! beg9n+s ( ,c5tral ,am]ican civilization are buri$ 9 an antiquity :i* ev5 to ! ,aztecs 0 remote4 ,to measure x1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t =e/s gr[ ^u ! ru9s ( cities :i* 7 z inaccessible to ! ,aztecs z !y are to ! mod]n explor]1 & t ! sci5ce & art ( :i* !y are ! monum5ts mu/ h requir$ _m c5turies to develop4 ,we h already glanc$ at a few ( ! anci5t settlem5ts on ! ,pacific slope4 ,! rema9s f\nd among ! ru9s ( ,yucatan & ! entire sweep ( c\ntry betwe5 ! ,si]ra ,madre & ! ,gulf & ,c>ibbean ,sea 7 also tak5 f ! tombs4 ,!y are usually ( a r$ pa/e1 & pres5t an endless v>iety ( =m &1 if ^? f\nd toge!r are contemporane\s1 an equally wide range ( ta/e4 ,( ! lead+ cities x is necess>y to m5tion only ,quirigua1 ,copan1 & ,pal5que4 ,( ^! ! fir/ nam$ is consid]$ ! mo/ anci5t1 & ,pal5que ! mo/ mod]n4 ,copan is situat$ 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,honduras1 & _m urns ( ! prevail+ r$ color h be5 tak5 f ! recesses ( its ar*$ tombs4 ,at ,pal5que & ,mitla a silico-alkal9e glaze cov]s "s ( ! specim5s ( gray e>!n-w>e4 ,! %apes include grotesque images ( deities & prie/s1 & rudely modell$ snakes & o!r animals4 ,f\nd at places f> ap>t1 & pres5t+ widely v>y+ *>act]i/ics1 ^! pott]ies admit ( no classification1 ei!r by date or "*4 ,9 ,c5tral ,mexico bricks 7 us$ alt]natively ) /one = fac+ ! gigantic pyramidal m\nds :i* !re ab\nd4 ,! ,tlascalans1 :o aid$ ,cortez 9 8 w> ^u ,montezuma1 burn$ _! bricks4 ,at ,pal5que1 f>!r to ! s\?1 ! c]amic rema9s are ( a high] arti/ic ord]4 ,at ! risk ( invad+ ! doma9 ( ar*itecture1 we may m5tion ! /ucco or pla/] figures ) :i* ! build+s 7 embelli%$4 ,9 o!r places 7 /atuettes1 "o ( :i* is describ$ z 8made ( bak$ clay1 v h>d1 & ! surface smoo?1 z if coat$ ) enamel40 ,at ,mitla we aga9 meet ) ! ph5om5on :i* we f\nd s /range 9 ,p]u--! association ( two entirely diff]5t ord]s ( art1 ! mo/ magnific5t ar*itecture & exquisite inlaid decoration ) rude pa9t+s ( ! figures ( idols4 ,! k ( color+ mat]ials is n[h]e bett] illu/rat$ ?an 9 ,yucatan1 :]e r$1 yell[1 blue1 gre51 & br[n appe> 9 ! wall-pa9t+s4 ,we f9d ! pott]y ( ,nic>agua comp>$ ) t ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 b f> m en?usia/ic language 0 employ$ by ! ,spani>ds 9 reg>d to :at !y saw4 ,cortez1 9 #aebj1 comp>$ ! pott]y ( ,tlascala ) ! be/ ( ,spani% manufacture1 & ,h]r]a f9ds 9 ,fa5za w>e ! be/ p>allel ) t ( ,*ulula4 ,%\ld f>!r explorations be made ( ! cities buri$ by ! =e/s :i* h sprung up ar\nd ! ru9s we h indicat$1 a m connect$ hi/ory ( ! c]amics ( ! entire region may be writt54 ,at pres5t "o is liable to be lo/ 9 conjecture1 & to laun* into speculations su* z t :i* v plausibly attributes to ,c5tral ,am]ica a civilization ! mo/ anci5t 9 ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,m\nd-,,build]s4 ,:o 7 !y8--,_! suppos$ ,c5tral ,am]ican ,orig94--,! place !y occupy 9 ! pres5t ,hi/ory4--,rec5t ,discov]ies4--,pott]y ( ! ,l[] ,mississippi4--,d$uction f ,comp>ison ) ,p]uvian4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #djc4--,m\nd-build]s' ,vases1 f ,s\!rn ,miss\ri4 ,c5tre piece1 height1 #i in*es4 7,mrs4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn ,coll47 ,9 ! c5tral "p ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t1 along ! valleys ( ! ,mississippi & ! ,ohio1 f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico to ! ,great ,lakes1 ! l& 01 9 a v remote age1 settl$ by a p ak9 to ^? ( ,mexico & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,_! "n is n[ unkn[n1 & to designate !m !y are1 f ! great m\nds ( e>? :i* !y h left1 call$ 8,m\nd-build]s40 ,:5ce !y came or :i!r !y w5t is unkn[n4 ,x is conjectur$ t !y are ! same p :om we h call$ ,toltecs2 t !re=e !y pass$ up f ! s\?1 & !n1 9 c\rse ( ages1 des]t$ _! nor!rn settlem5ts on ! incursion f ! nor?-we/ ( ! ,asiatic tribes kn[n z ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,x is surmis$ t !y 7 !n 9 "p absorb$ by ! invad]s ( _! l&s1 & t !y 9 "p s\ght refuge 9 ! s\?1 :5ce !y _h issu$ c5turies be=e4 ,_! long abs5ce _h giv5 !m all ! appe>ance ( a di/9ct p4 ,! evid5ce 9 favor ( ^! sev]al surmises may be cond5s$ into ! foll[+ =m3-- ,t ! m\nds ( ,nor? ,am]ica 7 int5d$ app>5tly = bo? religi\s & def5sive purposes1 & are practically id5tical ) ^? ( ,c5tral ,am]ica2 ,t _! mo/ popul\s settlem5ts 7 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,mississippi valley1 :5ce !y pass$ upw>d until !y rea*$ & ov]spread ! valley ( ! ,ohio2 ,t1 accord+ to old books & traditions1 ! ,toltecs rea*$ ,c5tral ,am]ica f ! nor?-ea/2 ,t ! reason giv5 = ! ,toltecs des]t+ _! settlem5ts 9 ! nor?-ea/1 designat$ ,huehue-,tlapalan1 0 ! successive attacks ( ,*i*imecs4 ,we h already se5 t ! "n ,*i*imecs 0 appli$ to all b>b>ians1 & w\ld 9 ?is case po9t to ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #djd4--,m\nd-build]s' ,vase4 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,! "q is an important "o1 s9ce 9 ! above view ! ,m\nd-build]s w\ld1 z we %all h]eaft] see1 =m ! l9k connect+ ! anci5t p ( ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica ) ! pott]y-mak+ ,indians ( our own "t 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,colorado1 & ,arizona4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dje4--,miss\ri ,m\nd-build]s' ,vase4 7,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 #bg1ici47 ,n[ & aga9 new discov]ies are made :i* act z /imuli to fre% rese>*es4 ,a few mon?s ago a t]ra-cotta tablet cov]$ ) writt5 *>act]s 0 report$ to h be5 br\ght to light 9 ,/odd>d ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 ,x 0 said to be> ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 impress$ ) its undeciph]able *>act]s :ile ! clay 0 /ill damp1 to h !n be5 h>d5$ & glaz$4 ,a h9t is all t is ne$$ to orig9ate speculation4 ,we c turn to ! t]ra-cotta tablets ( ,assyria & ask if !re is no connection betwe5 !m & ?is ,miss\ri relic1 & if ! p>tially subm]g$ cont95t 9 mid-,atlantic ( old writ]s is really my?ical4 ,su* a h9t 0 dropp$ at ! "t ( ! discov]y4 ,x might possibly be bett] to comp>e ! tablet ) "s ( ! inscriptions ( ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,x conc]ns u m at pres5t to f9d t ! ,m\nd-build]s us$ sun-dri$ bricks 9 re>+ _! giant /ructures4 ,9 ! ,l[] ,mississippi & along ! ,gulf ^! bricks appe> to h be5 g5]ally employ$ to /r5g!n ! embankm5ts4 ,"o 9 ,mississippi is describ$ z hav+ a support+ wall ( 8sun-dri$ brick two feet ?ick1 fill$ ) grass1 ru%es1 & leaves40 ,on "s appe>s ! impress ( human h&s4 ,z to _! pott]y1 x may be said 9 g5]al t]ms to comp>e well ) t ( ! ,s\? ,am]icans4 ,9 ! ,peabody ,museum at ,h>v>d1 an ext5sive collection has be5 br\ght toge!r4 ,"s ( ! vases are admirably f9i%$1 & ( good design4 ,o!rs are qua9tly design$1 b some:at rudely work$1 & w\ld appe> to indicate t fictile art _h little attraction = t p4 ,we h se5 numb]less specim5s %[+ a p>tiality ev5 9 ! humble/ vessels = imitations ( animal & human =ms4 ,examples ( ?is & o!r k9ds are giv5 9 ! prec$+ illu/rations4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #djf4--,m\nd-build]s' ,j>4 7,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #djg4--,m\nd-build]s' ,vases4 ,f a comp>ison ( ! pott]y ( ! ,m\nd-build]s ) t ( ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ! conclusion w be inevitably rea*$ t ! view already tak5 ( ! migrations ( ! =m] p is correct4 ,betwe5 ! rud] works ( ! two peoples !re is (t5 a /rik+ & close resemblance4 ,to ?is class belongs a great deal ( ! pott]y ( ! ,m\nd-build]s to be se5 9 collections4 ,among !m we f9d no?+ equal to ! be/ ,p]uvian art2 b 9 ! details ( decoration & ! t5d5cy ( ! pott] t[>d c]ta9 typical =ms1 specim5s may be discov]$ su* z we might expect f a nation compos$ ( emigrants1 & f> remov$ f ! c5tre :]e ! rudim5ts ( _! art 7 acquir$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,indian ,,pott]y4 ,successors ( ! ,m\nd-build]s4--,op9ion ( ,pr(essor ,m>%4--,pueblos desc5d$ f ! ,m\nd-build]s4--,nat*ez & ,m&an ,tribes4--,pueblos ( ,colorado1 etc4--,pott]y f\nd at ,el ,moro4--,zuni4--,fur!r ,discov]ies4--,imm5se ,quantities ( ,fragm5t>y ,pott]y4--,corrugat$ ,pott]y ( ,colorado4--,pa9t$ ,pott]y4--,moquis ( ,tegua4--,mod]n ,pueblos4--,trade 9 ,pott]y4--,resemblances betwe5 ,pott]ies ( ,s\?1 ,c5tral1 & ,nor? ,am]ica4--,indian ,pott]y f ,ill9ois4--,l\isiana1 & h[ ,pott]y made4--,new ,j]sey ,indians4--,t5nessee4--,m>yl&4--,o!r ,indian ,tribes4 ,aft] ! ,m\nd-build]s came ! ,indians4 ,a di/9ction mu/ be obs]v$ betwe5 ! real ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians & ^? tribes 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,colorado1 & ,arizona1 ( ^: pott]y specim5s belong+ to ! pres5t day h be5 obta9$4 ,x is cle> t :e!r or n ! ,m\nd-build]s & ,toltecs 7 ! same p1 ! =m] _h no aff9ity ( race ) ! ,indians4 ,!y 7 und\bt$ly an ,am]ican race1 :ile ! ,indians 7 z und\bt$ly ,asiatic1 = :om no ance/ry c ) any %[ ( reason be trac$ to ! ,m\nd-build]s4 ,7 ! resemblance betwe5 ! ,indians & ! nomadic tribes ( ,sib]ia beyond ,behr+ ,/rait to be set aside z prov+ no?+1 we %\ld yet h ! tradition common to _m tribes po9t+ to a nor?-we/]n s\rce1 to fall back ^u 9 dispos+ ( ! "q ( ! orig9 ( ! r$ man4 ,we may1 !re=e1 leave him out ( f>!r pres5t consid]ation1 & turn to ! successors ( ! ,m\nd-build]s4 ,pr(essor ,o4 ,c4 ,m>% 9 a rec5t lecture t\*$ ^u ?is po9t1 & at ! same "t h9t$ at a possible community ( race among all ! anci5t peoples ( ,am]ica4 8,on ! ,columbia ,riv]10 he said1 8,i h f\nd evid5ce ( ! =m] exi/5ce ( inhabitants mu* sup]ior to ! ,indians at pres5t !re1 & ( :i* no tradition rema9s4 ,among _m /one c>v+s :i* ,i saw1 !re 7 a numb] ( heads :i* s /rongly resemble ^? ( apes t ! lik5ess at once sugge/s itself4 ,:5ce came ^! sculptures1 & by :om 7 !y made8 ,ano!r fact t has int]e/$ me v mu* is ! /rong resemblance betwe5 ! skulls ( ! typical ,m\nd-build]s ( ! ,mississippi valley & ^? ( ! ,pueblo ,indians4 ,i _h long be5 famili> ) ! =m]1 & :5 ,i rec5tly saw ! latt]1 x requir$ ! positive assurance ( a fri5d :o _h himself collect$ !m 9 ,new ,mexico to conv9ce me t !y 7 n f ! m\nds4 ,9 a l>ge collection ( ,m\nd-build]s' pott]y1 ov] a ?\s& specim5s :i* ,i h rec5tly exam9$ ) "s c>e1 ,i f\nd _m pieces ( elaborate workman%ip s ne>ly l ! anci5t wat]-j>s f ,p]u1 t no "o c\ld fairly d\bt t "s int]c\rse _h tak5 place betwe5 ! widely sep>at$ p t made !m40 ,accord+ to ?is view ! ,m\nd-build]s w\ld h a relation%ip ) ! ,p]uvians on ! "o h&1 & ) ! ,pueblos on ! o!r4 ,:5 ! ,m\nd-build]s retreat$ f _! upp] settlem5ts1 !y ma9ta9$ = "s ye>s _! occupancy ( t]ritory along ! l[] ,mississippi1 be=e f9ally retir+ t[>d ! s\?4 ,x is h>dly possible t !y disappe>$ en masse be=e ! invad]s1 or t ^? l+]+ beh9d ! ma9 body %\ld h be5 utt]ly ext]m9at$4 ,x w\ld be difficult 9 t case to acc\nt = su* exceptional ,indian tribes z ! ,nat*ez & ,m&an4 ,bo? tribes 7 skilful work]s 9 clay4 ,! ,nat*ez1 at ! "t :5 ! ,we/ 0 fir/ op5$ up by ,europeans1 ov] ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 7 mak+ pott]y comp>able ) t ( ,europe4 ,!y f\nd ! requisite clay on ! banks ( ! ,mississippi1 & 7 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( color4 ,! ,m&ans employ$ e>!n-w>e 9 _! h\seholds1 almo/ z ext5sively z any mod]n p4 ,!y bak$ pots 9 su* a way t !y 7 z capable ( resi/+ ! action ( heat z ! metal ut5sils ( ! pres5t day4 ,^! 7 hung ov] ! fire = purposes ( cook+ & numb]less o!r articles ( e>!n-w>e 7 se5 9 _! lodges4 ,! ,m&ans 7 mak+ pott]y on ! upp] ,miss\ri =ty-five ye>s ago1 & probably cont9u$ do+ s until a late date4 ,! ,pueblos ( ,new ,mexico1 ,colorado1 & ,arizona pres5t u ) ano!r problem1 :i* c only be solv$ by "o ( two suppositions1 ei!r t !y are ! desc5dants ( emigrants f ,c5tral ,am]ica :o deg5]at$ ?r\gh contact & association ) ,indians1 or t !y repres5t a remnant ( ! ,m\nd-build]s :o s\ght 9 ! we/ ! security :i* ! ma9 body ( _! c\ntrym5 f\nd 9 ! s\?4 ,we %all f9d additional reason h]eaft] = believ+ t if !re 0 no ext5sive amalgamation ( ! races1 ! ,indians at lea/ borr[$ "s ( ! cu/oms ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,if x be well und]/ood t ! anci5t occupants ( ! t]ritory ext5d+ f ! m\? ( ! ,mississippi nor?w>d & we/w>d to ,arizona _h a common orig91 & t _! victori\s b>b>ian successors 7 9 c]ta9 di/ricts modifi$ by absorption1 su* facts z a simil>ity betwe5 ! pott]y ( ,l\isiana or ,ill9ois & ,colorado ne$ n be receiv$ ) ei!r hesitation or bewild]m5t4 ,&1 besides1 ! hi/orical necessity = ascrib+ x to a specific age is !reby mat]ially less5$4 ,! ,pueblos1 or ,village ,indians1 ( ,new ,mexico & ,arizona h left _m int]e/+ pieces ( e>!n-w>e1 & _m o!rs ( ! pres5t "t come f ! same section4 ,!re is abundant pro( t ?is entire di/rict 0 inhabit$ at a v anci5t date1 & ! relics ( successive degrees ( civilization are f\nd 9 ! ru9s4 ,el ,moro1 9 ,new ,mexico1 0 visit$ by ,lieut5ant ,simpson 9 #ahdi1 & aft]w>d by ,lieut5ant ,:ipple4 ,pott]y 0 f\nd pa9t$ 9 zones & wavy l9es1 & occasionally highly poli%$4 ,foll[+ ! same p>allel we/w>d1 ,lieut5ant ,:ipple discov]$ o!r ru9s to :i* no age c\ld be ascrib$1 al?\gh "s 7 cle>ly m anci5t ?an o!rs1 indicat+ t ! region mu/ h be5 inhabit$ ?r\gh\t a long s]ies ( ye>s4 ,m pott]y 0 collect$1 brightly color$1 & pa9t$ aft] patt]ns resembl+ ^? notic$ at ,el ,moro4 ,! pa9t+s occasionally assum$ ! =ms ( animals & insects4 ,/ill f>!r to ! we/1 at ,zuni1 & at places beyond x 9 ! same direction1 ! examples ( ! c]amic "w ( ! e>ly inhabitants multipli$4 ,sun-dri$ bricks 7 f\nd to h be5 employ$ 9 build+1 & 9 addition to pa9t$ pott]y1 an old] ind5t$ k9d 0 met )4 ,an ext5d$ exploration ( ! same region1 b some:at f>!r nor?1 0 made 9 #ahge1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological & ,geographical ,survey ( ! ,t]ritories4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,holmes & ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,jackson subsequ5tly pres5t$ notices ( ! results ( _! exam9ations ( ! anci5t ru9s )9 an area ( six ?\s& squ>e miles1 *iefly 9 ,colorado1 b p>tially also 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 & ,utah4 ,_! jo9t evid5ce reg>d+ ! imm5se quantities ( fragm5t>y pott]y se5 9 ! c\rse ( _! explorations mu/ create great a/oni%m5t4 ,9 speak+ ( ! ru9s ( a village 9 ,new ,mexico1 situat$ on ! ,rio de la ,plata1 ab\t tw5ty-five miles above its junction ) ! ,san ,juan1 ,mr4 ,holmes says1 8,! soil 0 lit]ally full ( fragm5ts ( pa9t$ & ornam5t$ pott]y40 ,ne> ! same locality1 & :ile rid+ ?r\gh a des]t-l di/rict1 he obs]v$ 8fragm5ts ( pott]y /rew$ ar\nd10 & 8on ! high dry table-l&s1 on all sides1 fragm5ts ( pott]y 7 pick$ up40 ,writ+ ( ! ,montezuma caon 9 ,utah1 ,mr4 ,jackson says1 8,z ! valley wid5$ x 0 dott$ 9 _m places ) m\nds ?ickly /rew$ ov] ) ! ev]-accompany+ c]amic h&iwork ( ! anci5t p 9 ^: foot/eps we are foll[+1 & occurr+ s frequ5tly & ( su* ext5t z to excite a/oni%m5t at ! numb]s ?is n>r[ valley support$40 ,! same writ] says1 8,all :o h ev] visit$ ?is region1 :i* ext5ds f ! ,rio ,gr&e to ! ,colorado & s\?w>d to ! ,gila1 h be5 impress$ ) ! va/ quantities ( %att]$ pott]y scatt]$ ov] ! :ole l&1 sometimes :]e n ev5 a ru9 n[ rema9s1 its m endur+ nature enabl+ x to long outlive all o!r specim5s ( _! h&iwork40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #djh4--;,anci5t ,corrugat$ ,pott]y ( ,colorado4 ,! pres5ce ( su* imm5se quantities ( fragm5t>y pott]y c possibly be expla9$ ^u ! hypo!sis t ! vessels 7 liable to fracture :5 expos$ to ! fire1 & t ^? crack+ "u ! heat 7 ?r[n away :5 tak5 out ( ! primitive & op5 kiln4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dji--;,fragm5t %[+ ,mann] ( ,mak+ ,corrugat$ ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #daj4--;,anci5t ,corrugat$ ,pott]y1 f ,utah4 ,! specim5s obta9$1 bo? fragm5t>y & entire1 give abundant opportunity = /udy+ ! processes & decoration ( ^! old-"t pott]s4 ,z illu/rat+ ! f]tility ( _! tal5t = %ap+ & ornam5t+ _! w>es1 ,mr4 ,holmes obs]ves t on "o occasion1 :5 encamp$ 9 ! ,mancos ,caon1 he f\nd1 )9 a space ( t5 feet squ>e1 fragm5ts ( fifty-five diff]5t vessels1 & adds t1 89 %ape ^! vessels h be5 s v>i$ t few =ms kn[n to civiliz$ art c\ld n be f\nd40 ,! clay v>ies accord+ to locality1 9 "s cases be+ ( an app>5tly f9e quality mix$ ) s& & %ells1 & 9 o!rs co>se & m friable4 ,all ?is old pott]y 0 made by h&1 & fir$1 al?\gh no rema9s ( kilns h be5 discov]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #daa4--;,h&le ( ,twi/$ ,clay4 ,! small] pieces1 su* z cups & j>s1 are usually cov]$ ) a peculi> ?91 h>d1 & smoo? glaze or enamel1 & !n pa9t$4 ,! l>g] pieces1 :i* app>5tly answ]$ ! purpose ( ! ,egyptian amphora1 pres5t a r\gh1 corrugat$ surface1 are seldom glaz$ & nev] pa9t$4 ,a specim5 ( ! latt] class1 f\nd among ! dbris 9 "o ( ! cliff-h\ses ( ! ,mancos 9 ,colorado1 is giv5 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #djh74 ,its r\gh ext]ior is to be attribut$ to ! process ( mak+4 ,! pott] began by draw+ ! clay into /rips1 & !n comm5c+ at ! bottom1 w\nd ! /rips spirally & press$ ea* lay] d[n ^u t bel[ x1 ind5t+ ! outside ) a /ick or ) 8 ?umb4 ,! illu/ration 7,fig4 #dji7 may s]ve to elucidate ! me?od ( con/ruction4 ,! inside is p]fectly smoo?1 & s well are ! /rips work$ toge!r1 t !y %[ no division on fracture4 ,an attempt 0 made at decoration or v>iety1 by runn+ ! /rips a few times r\nd )\t ind5t+ !m & by atta*+ scrolls or spirals imm$iately bel[ ! neck4 ,all ! pott]y ( ?is description is anci5t4 ,a j> ( simil> con/ruction to ! above1 b ( a bett] %ape1 0 f\nd 9 ,epsom ,creek1 ,utah 7,fig4 #daj74 ,! fragm5t ( a h&le 7,fig4 #daa7 w\ld appe> to indicate t ! anci5ts 7 famili> ) ! well-kn[n cable patt]n ( mod]n porcela9 manufactur]s4 ,x is made by twi/+ toge!r ?ree rolls ( clay4 ,a ladle 7,fig4 #dab7 & :at seems to h be5 a pipe 7,fig4 #dac7 w t5d to %[ f>!r ! ext5t ( ! res\rces ( ! aborig9al pott]s ( ! we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dab4--,pott]y ,ladle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dac4--;,clay ,pipe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dad4--,pa9t$ ,mug4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dae4--,pit*]1 f a ,grave on ! ,san ,juan4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #daf4--,small ,jug1 f ,ru9s on ! ,de ,*elly4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dag4--7;,entire74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dah4--7,re/or$74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dai4--7,re/or$74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbj4--7;,fragm5t74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dba4--7;,ext5d$ to %[ ,patt]n74 ,9 ! specim5s ( _! pa9t$ pott]y we h ! be/ means ( judg+ _! art4 ,! pa9t+ is g5]ally black laid ^u ! :ite enamel or glaze2 & h[ev] ! color 0 obta9$1 x 0 v durable4 ,al?\gh ! fragm5ts1 z we h se51 h la9 on ! gr\nd expos$ to ! action ( ! wea!r = at lea/ sev]al c5turies1 ! color1 9 v few cases1 %[s any symptom ( decay4 ,9 "o piece ! :ite gr\nd has actually worn away1 leav+ ! black decoration 9 relief4 ,! designs %[ a va/ am\nt ( +5uity on ! "p ( ! arti/s4 ,!y are ne>ly all modifications ( ! fret & scrolls4 ,a v common /yle 7,fig4 #dad7 consi/s ( a s]ies ( enclos$ squ>es1 ! alt]nate bord]s be+ compos$ ( cross$ l9es & /raight l9es1 & hav+ undecorat$ b&s betwe54 ,a rem>kably f9e specim5 7,fig4 #dae71 bo? 9 %ape & ! simplicity ( its decoration1 0 tak5 f a grave on ! banks ( ! ,san ,juan1 ne> ! m\? ( ! ,mancos4 ,its excell5t =m1 & ! ?r[+ ( ! classical fret r\nd ! wide/ "p ( ! body1 be> witness to an arti/ic s5tim5t ( consid]able ref9em5t4 ,! arti/s ( ! "t appe> to h *iefly direct$ _! att5tion to ta/eful comb9ations ( l9es 9 triangul>1 rectangul>1 & o!r odd =ms1 9 :i* ! two latt] are unit$ or conjo9$ ) /raight b&s ( color4 ,a f9e specim5 7,fig4 #daf7 0 f\nd 9 a heap ( rubbi% at a cave ru9 on ! ,de ,*elly4 ,its p]fectly rotund =m argues a skill 9 manipulat+ ! clay :i* "o c h>dly conceive possible )\t ! assi/ance ( ! :eel4 ,= ! purpose ( f>!r illu/rat+ ! decorations & %apes1 a few fragm5ts are pres5t$ 9 a re/or$ & ext5d$ =m 7,figs4 #dag-dbj74 ,9 ne>ly e case ! decoration is on ! inside ( ! vessel1 sometimes cov]+ ! entire surface1 b m frequ5tly tak+ ! =m ( a b& r\nd ! lip2 :5 x appe>s on ! outside1 x g5]ally consi/s ( a n>r[] b& 7,fig4 #dbb74 ,x w be obs]v$ t1 s f>1 we h n met ) a s+le attempt at decoration by pa9t+ animal or floral =ms4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,jackson says t only "o fragm5t has be5 f\nd exemplify+ su* a /yle 7,fig4 #dbc74 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! upp] caon ( ! ,montezuma1 & has ! figure pa9t$ on ! inside4 ,a rudely modell$ frog on ! outside ( a fragm5t ( a cup 7,fig4 #dbd7 is f ! same di/rict4 ,9 ?is case ! ornam5tation is 9 relief on ! outside4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbb4--,outside ,decoration ( ,anci5t ,pott]y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbc4--;,fragm5t ( ,pott]y1 ) ,pa9t+ ( ,animal4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to inquire if ! mod]n ,moquis ( ,tegua are ! deg5]ate desc5dants ( ! anci5t inhabitants ( ! cave-dwell+s & cliff h\ses ( ! valleys ( ! ,san ,juan & its tribut>ies4 ,! probabilities are 9 favor ( su* a supposition1 j z ! semi-civiliz$ dwell]s 9 mod]n ,zuni are ! desc5dants ( ! old ,pueblos4 ,!re are evid5ces ( decay scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! entire region4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbd4--;,fragm5t ( ,pott]y1 ) ,frog 9 ,relief4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbe4--,pa9t$ ,wat]-vessel1 f\nd at ,tegua4 ,9 ar*itecture ! inhabitants ( ! pres5t day are c]ta9ly inf]ior to _! old-"t pr$ecessors1 & 9 ! c]amic art !re is a simil> decad5ce4 ,a v peculi> & altoge!r exceptional piece 7,fig4 #dbe7 0 f\nd by ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,jackson among ! ,moquis ( ,tegua1 ab\t :i* its possessors c\ld give him no in=mation4 ,he conclud$ t x _h be5 made at ,zuni by ! ,pueblos1 & a color ( probability is l5t to ?is supposition by ! fact1 previ\sly not$1 t ! ,pueblos ( ,zuni make use ( insect & animal =ms 9 decorat+ _! pott]y4 ,! specim5 m5tion$ is evid5tly ( mod]n manufacture4 ,! upp] "p is :ite1 ! l[] r$1 & ! figures are r$ & black4 ,m ne>ly resembl+1 al?\gh f> inf]ior to1 ! anci5t works is a piece 7,fig4 #dbf7 made by ! ,moquis ( ,tegua4 ,! decoration is aft] ! anci5t type1 b m cr[d$ & complicat$1 & cov]s bo? ! inside & ! outside ( ! vessel4 ,x is a fair example ( ! mod]n "w1 ( :i* two fur!r examples are giv5 7,figs4 #dbg & #dbh74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbf4--,pott]y ( ! ,moquis4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbg4--,mod]n ,pott]y1 f ,zuni4 7,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey47 ,! mod]n ,pueblos are exceptional bo? = ! comp>ative excell5ce ( _! "w1 & by reason ( ! fact t !y make pott]y = ! purposes ( trade1 z well z = _! own use4 ,?is appe>s f ,gregg's "w1 publi%$ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 entitl$ 8,comm]ce ( ! ,prairies40 ,! au?or says3 8,!y manufacture1 accord+ to _! aborig9al art1 bo? = _! own consumption & = ! purpose ( traffic1 a species ( e>!n-w>e n mu* inf]ior to ! co>se pott]y ( our common pott]s4 ,! pots made ( ?is mat]ial /& fire rem>kably well1 & are ! univ]sal sub/itutes = all ! purposes ( cook]y1 ev5 among ! ,mexicans1 = ! iron ca/+s ( ?is c\ntry1 :i* are utt]ly unkn[n !re4 ,rude z ?is crock]y is1 x nev]!less ev9ces a great deal ( skill1 consid]+ t x is made entirely )\t la! or any k9d ( ma*9]y4 ,x is (t5 fancifully pa9t$ ) color$ e>?s & ! juice ( a plant call$ guaco1 :i* bright5s by burn+40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbh4--,mod]n ,moqui ,pott]y1 f ,zuni4 7,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey47 ,to rev]t = a mom5t to ,pr(essor ,m>%'s rem>ks1 !re appe>s to be abundant reason = consid]+ a great proportion ( ! old pott]y ( ,am]ica z belong+ to "o class1 & t ! old inhabitants 7 orig9ally ( "o race4 ,! corrugat$ w>e :i* we fir/ f\nd 9 ,colombia reappe>s among ! ,pueblo ,indians1 & has also be5 f\nd 9 ,utah4 ,! ,indians made x 9 ,new ,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,georgia1 ,florida1 & ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 hav+ probably acquir$ ! art f _! pr$ecessors4 ,pr(essor ,rau says x 0 widely kn[n 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ,mr4 ,h>tt %[s ! wide spread ( ! practice ( coil+ ?r\gh\t ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! latt] /ates ^u au?ority t ! tribes on ! ,araguaya ,riv] all coil1 us+ ! h&1 wat]1 & a bamboo tr[el4 ,! same process is f\nd among ! tribes ( ! ,or9oco section4 ,! r$ & d>k br[n pa9t$ w>e we h trac$ f ,p]u to ,nic>agua1 & !nce to ! ,moqui settlem5ts4 ,! ,moquis ( ,arizona make great numb]s ( ! %all[ ladles ) %ort h&les t]m9at+ 9 animals' heads1 simil> to ^? ( ,p]u4 ,we h se5 ! ,brazilians & ,moquis bo? us+ vegetable colors on pott]y1 & x is probably only our ignorance ( ,p]uvian & ,c5tral ,am]ican me?ods :i* h9d]s our trac+ ^! processes back to antiquity4 ,x is difficult ^u any o!r hypo!sis ?an t ( a community ( race to expla9 ^! facts4 ,we h said t ! ,moquis may be desc5dants ( ,m\nd-build]s seek+ safety 9 ! we/4 ,!y may also h come directly f ! s\?1 & hav+ pass$ ! c\ntry ly+ betwe5 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico & ! ,si]ra ,madre1 h rea*$ ! ,colorado ,riv]1 along ! upp] afflu5ts ( :i* _! settlem5ts ext5d4 ,an int]e/+ discov]y 0 made "s ye>s ago by ,mr4 ,*>les ,rau on ! ,cahokia ,creek 9 ,ill9ois1 9 ! ri* alluvial /rip ( l& kn[n z ! 8,am]ican ,bottom40 ,he !re f\nd ! place :]e pott]y _h be5 made by "s =m] inhabitants1 & saw ! clay-pit1 & ! heaps ( %ells to be gr\nd or brok5 & mix$ ) ! clay4 ,! vessels 7 all r\nd-bottom$1 & d n appe> to h diff]$ mu* 9 %ape f ^? ( ! ,san ,juan ,valley4 ,! pa9t+ des]ves p>ticul> notice4 ,x 0 laid ^u ! outside s z to cov] x1 & sometimes on bo? sides1 & 9 ei!r black1 d>k br[n1 or a beautiful r$1 only "o color be+ us$ on ea* article4 8,x is evid5t t ! color+ prec$$ ! process ( bak+1 & ! surfaces ?us coat$ are smoo? & %9+1 ! pa9t replac+ to a c]ta9 ext5t ! enamel produc$ by glaz+40 ,cov]+ ! entire surface ) "o color does n sugge/ mu* +5uity1 b on ! pieces :]e incis$ l9es & ind5tations =m ! decoration1 !re are full] evid5ces ( arti/ic feel+4 ,! l9es 7 ei!r drawn /raight r\nd ! vessels1 or =m$ zigzags or figures ( great] or less simplicity4 ,)\t insi/+ ^u any relation%ip betwe5 ! pott]s ( ! ,cahokia & ! ,m\nd-build]s1 ,mr4 ,rau believes ! pott]y he f\nd to be equal to t tak5 f ! m\nds ( ! ,mississippi valley4 ,"s ( ! unpa9t$ vessels 7 made 9 basket m\lds1 & o!r rema9s1 su* z ! fragm5t ( a toy canoe1 %[ t modell+ 0 practis$ to "s ext5t4 ,! age ( ?is pott]y is left to conjecture4 ,! same writ] quotes f ,dumont1 :o wrote ab\t a c5tury & a qu>t] ago1 a description ( ! me?od ( mak+ e>!n-w>e adopt$ by ! inhabitants ( ! l>ge tract ( c\ntry !n call$ ,l\isiana4 ,! passage is "h giv5 9 full3 8,aft] hav+ amass$ ! prop] k9d ( clay & c>efully clean$ x1 ! ,indian wom5 take %ells :i* !y p\nd & r$uce to a f9e p[d]2 !y mix ?is p[d] ) ! clay1 & hav+ p\r$ "s wat] on ! mass1 !y knead x ) _! h&s & feet1 & make x into a pa/e1 ( :i* !y =m rolls six or sev5 feet long & ( a ?ickness suitable to _! purpose4 ,if !y int5d to fa%ion a plate or a vase1 !y take hold ( "o ( ^! rolls by ! end1 & fix+ "h ) ! ?umb ( ! left h& ! c5tre ( ! vessel !y are ab\t to make1 !y turn ! roll ) a/oni%+ quickness ar\nd ?is c5tre1 describ+ a spiral l9e2 n[ & !n !y dip _! f+]s into wat] & smoo? ) ! "r h& ! inn] & out] surface ( ! vase !y int5d to fa%ion1 :i* w\ld become ruffl$ or undulat$ )\t t manipulation4 ,9 ?is mann] !y make all sorts ( e>!n vessels1 plates1 di%es1 b[ls1 pots1 & j>s1 "s ( :i* hold f =ty to fifty p9ts4 ,! burn+ ( ?is pott]y does n cause !m mu* tr\ble4 ,hav+ dri$ x 9 ! %ade1 !y k9dle a l>ge fire1 & :5 !y h a suffici5t quantity ( emb]s1 !y clean a space 9 ! middle1 :]e !y deposit _! vessels & cov] !m ) *>coal4 ,?us !y bake _! e>!n-w>e1 :i* c n[ be expos$ to ! fire1 & possesses z mu* durability z ours4 ,its solidity is d\btless to be attribut$ to ! pulv]iz$ %ells :i* ! wom5 mix ) ! clay40 ,x w be obs]v$ t ?is is practically ! same me?od ( con/ruction describ$ by ,messrs4 ,jackson & ,holmes z exi/+ 9 ! ,san ,juan valley4 ,9 a valuable pap] ^u 8,! ,/one ,age 9 ,new ,j]sey10 by ,dr4 ,c4 ,c4 ,abbott1 ( ,tr5ton1 & publi%$ 9 ! report ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution = #ahge1 mu* int]e/+ in=mation is giv5 ( ! ,indian pott]y ( t ,/ate4 ,dr4 ,abbott describes a small r\nd vase ) fl>+ rim1 decorat$ be=e fir+ ) l9es r\ghly made ) a po9t$ /ick4 ,he !n gives a caution :i* x is well to be> 9 m9d :5 exam9+ ! pott]y compreh5sively /yl$ ,indian4 ,! vase is 9 size simil> to ^? f\nd 9 we/]n m\nds1 b less c>efully ornam5t$4 ,diff]5ce 9 decoration is n1 h[ev]1 always a safe te/ to apply 9 ord] to di/+ui% ! pott]y ( ! ,m\nd-build]s f t ( ! ,indians4 8,9 gracefulness ( outl9e ! ,new ,j]sey vase is ! equal ( t ( ! ,m\nd-build]s1 :ile we h se5 a draw+ ( a l>ge vase f\nd 9 ,v]mont :i* exce$s 9 elaborat5ess ( detail any figur$ by ,messrs4 ,squi] & ,davis4 ,! ,m\nd-build]s 7 nev] inhabitants ( :at is n[ kn[n z ,new ,j]sey nor ( ! ,/ate ( ,v]mont1 b pott]y is sometimes f\nd 9 ^! sections ! equals 9 "s in/ances ( ! pott]y ( ! we/ 9 /yle ( decoration1 :ile 9 all cases x is z h>d & durable40 ,a pipe1 ! b[l ( :i* slopes outw>d & ) ! und]side ( ! /em flatt5$1 is also describ$ by ,dr4 ,abbott4 ,x is made ( f9e yell[ clay4 ,a fragm5t ( ano!r pipe ) a quadrangul> b[l 0 made ( ! pa/e g5]ally us$ by ! ,indians1 a mixture ( clay1 mica1 & %ells4 ,"s ( ! fragm5ts ( pott]y are curi\sly m>k$ ) dots & l9es4 ,9 "o case a spe> ( grass _h be5 employ$ to make bead-l /uds 9 r[s on ! surface4 ,a discov]y 0 made a few ye>s ago 9 ,t5nessee1 by :i* we le>n some?+ ( ! ,indian processes 7,dr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,wright on 8,antiquities ( ,t5nessee10 ,smi?sonian ,report1 #ahgd74 ,x consi/$ ( an excavation six or eight feet 9 diamet]1 & f\r or five feet deep1 & 0 app>5tly a kiln or ov5 = bak+ pott]y4 ,unwr\ght clay1 *>coal1 fragm5ts ( pott]y1 & pieces ( b>k m or less *>r$ 7 f\nd among ! s& 9 ! excavation4 ,! pott]y 0 peculi>ly m>k$ on ! inside1 & inve/igation l$ to ! conclusion t ! vessels _h be5 m\ld$ r\nd an int]ior core ( bee* b>k1 ! corrugations ( :i* correspond$ exactly ) ! impressions on ! pott]y4 ,! ,m>yl& ,indians 7,pap] by ,o4 ,n4 ,bryan1 ,smi?sonian ,report1 #ahgd7 are ?\ght to h bak$ "s ( _! pott]y 9 nets4 ,_m o!rs ( ! ,indian tribes practis$ ! fictile art1 v few1 s f> z is kn[n1 be+ entirely ignorant ( x4 ,m\ld+ 9 clay 0 n1 h[ev]1 a practice likely to comm5d itself or to (f] any attractions to ! nomadic r$ man1 & x fell into desuetude1 :5ev] ! introduction ( metal ut5sils r5d]$ its cont9u$ pursuit n absolutely necess>y4 ,"s ( ! tribes :i* foll[$ ! buffalo possibly nev] engag$ 9 x1 b left ! practice to _! corn-rais+ bre?r5 7,dr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,doyle on 8,indian ,=ts & ,dwell+s10 ,smi?sonian ,report1 #ahgf74 ,! exceptional tribes ( ,new ,mexico & ,arizona1 :i* _c1 z already po9t$ out1 be id5tifi$ ) ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 are *ief among ! few :i* /ill cont9ue to make pott]y4 ,we h se5 t !y adh]e 9 a great measure to ! anci5t %apes & primitive decorative patt]ns4 ,! fact ( *ief importance 9 connection ) ! old pott]s ( ! ,we/ & ! processes to :i* !y resort$ is _! employm5t ( a glaze4 ,x is consid]$ by ,dr4 ,emil ,bessels z ! mo/ /rik+ peculi>ity ( ! pott]y f\nd ne> ! ru9s4 ,x is regul>1 v h>d1 sometimes opaque & :iti%1 at o!rs transp>5t & t+$ ) blue4 ,nei!r ?is glaze nor ! colors h be5 accurately analyz$1 b ( ! latt] ! r$di%-br[n & br[n are und\bt$ly m9]al1 d]iv$ f iron & manganese4 ,! black 0 probably an organic sub/ance1 su* z *>coal made into a pigm5t by be+ mix$ ) f9e clay4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! ,future ( ,am]ica4--,ob/acles 9 ! ,way ( ,progress4--,comm]cial ,conditions ,illu/rat$ by ,t>iff4--,exp5se ( ,arti/ic ,"w4--,lack ( ,public ,support4--,am]ican ,m>ks4--,misrepres5tation ( ,am]ican ,w>es4--,mat]ials4--,e>ly ,use 9 ,engl& by ,w$gwood1 etc4--,cookwor?y & a ,virg9ian4--,native ,use ( ,clay4--,new ,j]sey4--,value ( ,clay ,deposit ,illu/rat$4--,am]ican ,kaol94--,vague ,use ( ,^w4--,analysis4--,op9ions ( ,am]ican ,deposits4 ,we n[ approa* ! pott]s & arti/s ( ! pres5t day4 ,t !re is a brilliant future 9 /ore = ! c]amic art ( ,am]ica may be inf]r$ f ! rapidity ) :i* x has be5 pu%$ =w>d to ! /age x has already rea*$4 ,) a limitless weal? ( mat]ial at 8 comm&1 & gift$ ) ent]prise1 orig9ality1 & ta/e1 ! ,am]ican arti/ c look confid5tly =w>d to tak+ 8 place beside ! be/ ! _w has produc$4 ,& "h x may be pr(itable to consid] "s ( ! ob/acles 9 8 way4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is comm]cial4 ,) a high protective t>iff ! home manufactur] is b>ely enabl$ to compete ) ! =eign produc] 9 pla9 dome/ic w>es4 ,! import duty does n cov] ! great] exp5se ( work+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,/ati/ics %[ t 9 ! items ( labor & mat]ial ! ,am]ican manufactur]1 z comp>$ ) ! ,european1 labors "u a disadvantage ( ab\t "o hundr$ p] c5t4 ,9 works ( art ?is disadvantage is va/ly increas$4 ,! mak]s ( ! t>iff draw a di/9ction ( only t5 p] c5t4 betwe5 :ite granite & decorat$ porcela91 or1 9 o!r words1 !y give ! mak]s ( arti/ic porcela9 protection great] by tw5ty-five p] c5t4 ?an t accord$ ! mak]s ( granite4 ,a di/9ction to ! ext5t ( five p] c5t4 is drawn 9 ! t>iff betwe5 undecorat$ & decorat$ porcela9 & p>ian4 ,art "w1 !re=e1 is b5efit$ to ! ext5t ( "o-n9? m ?an pla9 goods ( ! same mat]ial4 ,x ne$ n be po9t$ out t art is ?us protect$ less ?an workman%ip1 s9ce ! proportionate co/ ( arti/ic "w1 z comp>$ ) skill$ & unskill$ labor1 is f> great] "h ?an 9 ,europe4 ,z a consequ5ce1 !re is little to induce manufactur]s to turn to art unless "s pr(it c be drawn f ! reputation :i* x br+s4 ,x is n int5d$ to discuss "h ! "q ( protection v]sus free trade4 ,! t>iff is m]ely br\ght =w>d to illu/rate ! difficulty ( re>+ up some?+ wor?y ( be+ call$ an ,am]ican art4 ,to demon/rate ?is by example1 "h 7,fig4 #dbi7 is a porcela9 plate made at ,gre5po9t on a *all5ge4 ,x is a copy ( a plate n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,george ,su*1 ( ,s\? ,amboy1 by :om x 0 pur*as$ at ! sale ( ! effects ( ,l\is ,philippe4 ,! orig9al is f ,svres1 & is decorat$ *iefly 9 gold4 ,! ,gre5po9t copy 0 made 9 ord] to te/ ! "q :e!r x 7 altoge!r unreasonable to ent]ta9 ! hope t ,am]ican decoration might n--at "s future day1 ( c\rse--equal t ( ,svres4 ,^? :o saw bo? _h "s difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ ! orig9al f ! copy1 & 9 "s in/ances c\ld n d s )\t exam9+ ! w>e z well z ! decoration4 ,! copy is a rem>kably f9e specim5 ( decorative art1 & w\ld lead u to ent]ta9 great expectations reg>d+ ! "w ( ! arti/ :5 8 skill is devot$ to orig9al designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dbi4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,svres ,decoration4 ,! *all5ge made 01 !re=e1 fully answ]$4 ,%\ld x be ask$ :y1 "u ^! circum/ances1 simil> "w %\ld n be done regul>ly1 ! answ] is simple4 ,! exi/+ /ate ( ! m>ket1 9 s f> z ! dem& = ,am]ican arti/ic "w is conc]n$1 is su* t prices w b>ely br+ back ! actual co/ ( production4 ,t[>d less5+ t co/ ! ef=ts ( manufactur]s mu/ be direct$2 & 9 connection ) ?is subject a rem>k may be quot$1 made by ,presid5t ,t4 ,c4 ,smi? at ! ,conv5tion ( ! ,pott]s' ,association3 8,=eign clays c be put d[n 9 ,new ,york tide-wat] *eap] ?an y c buy ,p5nsylvania clays1 by ab\t fifte5 p] c5t40 ,! great exp5se att5d+ ! production ( works ( art is n1 h[ev]1 ! only drawback ) :i* ! ,am]ican manufactur] has to cont5d4 ,x may1 9 fact1 be said t ! imp$im5ts to ! rapid advancem5t ( c]amic art 9 ,am]ica h n yet be5 t\*$ ^u4 ,!y consi/ ( nei!r ! lack ( capital1 ent]prise1 exp]i5ce1 nor skill4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t :ile native manufacture advances ) rapid /rides1 & f9ds on all sides a public ready to give x a he>ty reception1 native art mu/ =ce its way to recognition4 ,its fir/ honors mu/ be won abroad4 ,x mu/ be> a =eign /amp to be accept$ at all 9 ! home ( its bir?4 ,! cause ( ?is is n f> to f9d4 ,! ,am]ican m>ket is a good m>ket1 & is s reg>d$ by ! _w at l>ge4 ,=eign arti/s s5d _! works to x1 & are sure ( a welcome4 ,competition by a native sup]ior is !reby made difficult2 by an equal almo/ impossible2 by an inf]ior1 an absurdity4 ,! =eign competitor comes br&$ z a g5ius1 & home critics hesitate ab\t issu+ a v]dict 9 favor ( a c\ntryman4 ,!y appe> to h a lack ( confid5ce 9 _! own judgm5t1 & w\ld r endorse or modify ano!r's op9ion1 ?an take ! responsibility ( issu+ an indep5d5t "o ( _! own4 ,patrons suff] f a simil> diffid5ce4 ,on ! "o h& !y see c]ta9ty1 on ! o!r unc]ta9ty4 ,on ?is side is ! "w ( "o :o has won ! praise ( all ,europe2 on ! o!r1 no?+ b t ( "o :o makes a direct appeal to _! own discrim9ation4 ,"u su* conditions x is difficult = an art to /ruggle into exi/5ce4 ,fr5* art is to a ,fr5*man ! f9e/ & be/ ! _w ev] saw4 ,engli%m5 support ,engli% art because x is _! own4 ,!y are satisfi$ ) x1 if all ! univ]se %\ld wond] :at x is !y nurse & *]i%4 ,x is good to !m1 & t is en\gh4 ,if _! own op9ion %\ld *ange1 x w !n h become a curiosity1 & !re=e d\bly wor?y ( _! c>e4 ,am]ican art may be good1 ev5 equal to ! be/1 b un=tunately x is ,am]ican4 ,receiv+ no notice1 ! arti/ loses ev5 ! b5efit ( criticism1 & concludes t 8 own p complim5t !mselves by believ+ t no "w ( art c be produc$ among !m4 ,?is may appe> ov]drawn1 b ! facts are eloqu5t4 ,x has be5 said t1 z a rule1 ,am]icans take a pride 9 _! own manufactures4 ,t ( pott]y is an exception4 ,almo/ any:]e granite-w>e c be se5 be>+ z a m>k ! royal arms ( ,engl&1 ) ! motto 9 full--9 ?is case v appropriately--honi soit qui mal y p5se4 ,x is a curi\s m>k = an ,am]ican pott]1 or at fir/ sight seems s4 ,! w>e may h be5 made at ,tr5ton1 or any:]e else 9 ,am]ica1 & ! explanation is simple4 ,! deal]s w n buy x )\t t m>k1 & fir/ sugge/$ its use z !y w\ld ord] a c]ta9 /yle ( decoration4 ,inquiry among ! deal]s br+s out ! :ole tru?4 ,_! cu/om]s look = ! ,engli% m>k1 & f9d+ x1 are satisfi$4 ,aft] ?is we ne$ n inquire if ! ,engli% granite-w>e is sup]ior to ! ,am]ican4 ,!re is no "q ( sup]iority or inf]iority1 b only "o ( ! pot5cy ( a "n4 ,aga91 9 ! matt] ( porcela91 t made & decorat$ 9 ?is c\ntry is sold e day = ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or ,engli%4 ,x is1 9 fact1 8all ?+s unto all m510 accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! pur*as] & ! +5uity ( ! deal]4 ,9 "s cases x is b\ght pla91 & decorat$1 aft] x leaves ! factory1 9 ! v>i\s =eign /yles4 ,no objection is ev] made to its appe>ance1 its f9i%1 purity1 durability1 or decoration1 only x has ! mis=tune to be ,am]ican1 & its p>5tage mu/ be conceal$ at all haz>ds1 & ev5 9 spite ( ! manufactur]'s m>k4 ,"h1 aga91 !re is no "q ( quality1 b only "o ( ! effect ( a "n4 ,to discuss ! objectionable "p ( misrepres5tation is away f ! pres5t purpose1 & ! d$uction f ^! facts is ! only ?+ n[ requir+ to be made4 ,!y argue t ^u _! m]its !re are w>es produc$ 9 ,am]ica :i*1 if made any:]e else1 w\ld cope ) ! correspond+ qualities n[ import$4 ,= arti/ic works ! /ruggle is /ill h>d]4 ,9 _! case ! te/ is n practical1 b critical4 ,!y dem& ta/e1 & n use1 to be appreciat$2 &1 z a consequ5ce1 v r>ely receive ! recognition to :i* !y are entitl$4 ,art gr[s sl[ly1 &1 especially 9 a c\ntry s l>gely int]e/$ 9 comm]ce z ,am]ica1 is long 9 rea*+ its maturity4 ,look+ at x aright1 !re is all ! m reason :y1 :5 x makes its appe>ance1 x %\ld be receiv$ ) w>m? & treat$ ) def]5tial respect1 9 ord] t its gr[? may be ha/5$ & n ret>d$4 ,am]ica is1 9 ?is respect1 an exception to ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,! "q may be look$ at f v>i\s po9ts ( view4 ,! patriotic c\rse w\ld c]ta9ly be to enc\rage1 & n by neglect to /ifle1 a budd+ art4 ,if ! art be poor1 x /&s 9 all ! great] ne$ ( enc\ragem5t1 9 ord] t1 = ,am]ica's sake1 x may rise to an equality ) t ( o!r c\ntries4 ,9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,prussia1 ,russia1 ,italy1 ,*9a1 & ,engl&1 ! c]amic art receiv$ ! support ( gov]nm5ts & weal?y patrons1 & ! result has be5 record$4 ,9 ,am]ica su* support is nei!r giv5 nor requir$4 ,:at is *iefly ne$$ is appreciation4 ,9 ! ,republic ! p are ! rul]s & patrons4 ,9 _! h&s are bo? p[] & weal?1 to be us$ 9 ! re>+ ( art1 surely ) z mu* discrim9ation & judgm5t z 9 ! mon>*ies ( ,europe & ! ,ori5t4 ,we might say f ano!r /&-po9t t ! e>lie/ works 9 any bran* ( ! arts are ^? ( ! highe/ value 9 ! future4 ,!y reveal to ! hi/orian ! f\ndations ( ! em95ce f :i* he views ! pa/1 & t em95ce ,am]ica w und\bt$ly atta94 ,! skill n[ be+ develop$1 & ! ta/e n[ be+ cultivat$1 are ! legacy ( ! pres5t g5]ation to ! next1 & future atta9m5ts w be b ! int]e/ ( pres5t /ruggle & endeavor4 ,^! consid]ations1 h[ev]1 are1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 extrane\s4 ,! ,am]ican arti/ & arti/-manufactur] dem& no exceptionally favorable position1 nor t _! works %all be view$ 9 any o!r ?an a fairly critical & comm]cial light4 ,prejudice 9 art is ! end ( criticism2 prejudice 9 comm]ce is suicidal4 ,! mat]ials = mak+ e k9d ( w>e are f\nd 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & ! indu/ry is = t reason well di/ribut$4 ,z e>ly z #agff ,am]ican clays 7 import$ into ,engl&1 capta9s on _! return voyages (t5 tak+ samples f ! ,c>ol9as1 ,georgia1 & ,florida4 ,_m ( ^! rea*$ ,w$gwood1 :o1 9 allusion to "o ( !m1 says1 8,x w require "s peculi> managem5t to avoid ! difficulties att5d+ ! use ( x40 ,he else:]e av[s 8 will+ness to make all necess>y exp]im5ts ) ,am]ican clays4 ,^! trials turn$ out well1 z we f9d him mak+ arrangem5ts = a regul> supply f ,ayor1 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,*]okees1 ab\t ?ree hundr$ miles f ,*>le/on4 ,he desir$ a monopoly by pat5t or p>liam5t>y grant1 b ultimately s5t out an ag5t1 ( :om we le>n no?+ m1 except t he began 8 j\rney to ! ,*]okee deposit4 ,9 ,octob]1 #agfh1 a c>go ( ,c>ol9a clay rea*$ ,liv]pool1 & ! trade became g5]al bo? 9 ! ,*]okee & ,p5sacola clays1 ,w$gwood app>5tly giv+ ! pref]5ce to ! latt]4 ,:at use he made ( x is n precisely /at$4 ,m int]e/+ is ! fact t ,am]ica contribut$ to ,cookwor?y's inv5tion ( natural porcela9 9 ,engl& 9 #agfj4 ,x is said t an ,am]ican %[$ ,cookwor?y1 9 #agde1 specim5s ( bo? kaol9 & petuntse f\nd 9 ,virg9ia1 & samples ( ! w>e made f !m4 ,cookwor?y's own acc\nt ( x is slightly diff]5t1 inasmu* z lie only m5tions hav+ se5 specim5s ( ! manufactur$ *9a4 ,he says3 8,i _h lately ) me ! p]son :o has discov]$ ! *9a e>?4 ,he _h ) him sev]al samples ( ! *9a w>e1 :i* ,i ?9k 7 equal to ! ,asiatic4 ,x 0 f\nd on ! back ( ,virg9ia1 :]e he 0 9 ! que/ ( m9es2 & hav+ read ,du ,halde1 he discov]$ bo? ! petuntse & ! kaol94 ,x is ?is latt] e>? :i* he says is ess5tial to ! success ( ! manufacture4 ,he is gone = a c>go ( x1 hav+ b\ght f ! ,indians ! :ole c\ntry :]e x rises40 ,mr4 ,cookwor?y 0 n favorably impress$ by ! g5tleman f ,virg9ia1 ( :om no m is he>d4 ,nor does x appe> t he return$ to ,engl& ) ! c>go1 :i* he ?\ght he c\ld l& !re at ab\t sixty-five doll>s p] ton4 ,!re is "o purely ,am]ican feature ( ! /ory1 & t is ! pur*ase f ! ,indians ( 8! :ole c\ntry :]e x rises40 ,! f9al practical effect ( ,mr4 ,cookwor?y's association ) ?is ,am]ican 0 ! f\ndation ( ! ,engli% porcela9 indu/ry4 ,! ackn[l$gm5t is ?us made 9 ! catalogue ( ! ,museum ( ,practical ,geology3 8,! great advance ( ! porcela9 manufacture 9 ,engl& is due to ! discov]y ( ! kaol9 ( ,cornwall by ,william ,cookwor?y1 ( ,plym\?1 ab\t #agee4 ,he app>5tly _h 8 att5tion direct$ to ! subject by an ,am]ican1 :o %[$ him samples ( *9a-/one & kaol9 f ,virg9ia1 9 #agde40 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-two ye>s lat]1 ! c\ntry f :i* ! sugge/ion came is import+ kaol9 f t :i* receiv$ & act$ ^u x4 ,new ,j]sey is ! only ,/ate ( ! clay deposits ( :i* we "k mu* hi/orically or h any precise in=mation4 ,! facts "h pres5t$ are glean$ f a report issu$ by ! ,/ate ,geological ,survey1 & w give an idea ( ! value ( our native clays4 ,x is /at$1 on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,samuel ,dally1 ( ,woodbridge1 t ! clay !re 0 kn[n to ! soldi]s be=e & dur+ ! ,revolution1 & t1 :5 /ation$ at ,p]? ,amboy1 !y call$ x full]'s-e>?1 & us$ x = clean+ _! bucksk9 bree*es4 ,9 #ahjj ! ,s\? ,amboy clay 0 dug = mak+ /one-w>e1 & aft] #ahab ! use ( ,new ,j]sey clays = fire-bricks & o!r refractory mat]ials began4 ,soon aft] #ahaf1 ,mr4 ,price 0 %ipp+ fire-clay f ,woodbridge to ,bo/on1 to be us$ 9 mak+ fire-bricks4 ,ab\t #ahbj1 ,mr4 ,jacob ,felt1 ( ,bo/on1 b\ght fifty tons ( ,woodbridge clay f ,j]emiah ,dally1 at tw5ty-five c5ts p] ton1 & s />t$ a regul> trade1 :i* 0 ma9ta9$ = _m ye>s4 ,! ,woodbridge deposit is v ri*1 & is n[ ext5sively work$1 ! clay be+ suitable = diff]5t purposes4 ,x c be us$ z fire & pipe clay1 or = :ite-w>e1 & also meets ! requirem5ts ( pap]-mak]s4 ,9 #ahce ! same clay 0 9 use by ,h[ell ,bros41 ,philadelphia1 = sat9+ wall-pap]4 ,gordon1 9 8 ,gazette] 7#ahcc71 speaks ( a discov]y ( ext5sive b$s ( :ite pipe-clay betwe5 ,woodbridge & ,amboy2 b ev5 9 #ahdj its ext5t & uses 7 n fully kn[n4 ,com+ d[n to #ahee1 we f9d clay = fifty millions ( fire-bricks be+ tak5 f ! pits at ,woodbridge1 ,p]? ,amboy1 & ,s\? ,amboy2 #bjjj tons = ! pap]-mak]s2 #bjjj tons = mak+ alum1 & a l>ge quantity = f9e pott]y4 ,9 #ahfh ! aggregate production _h d\bl$4 ,9 #ahgd #bfe1jjj tons ( fire-clay 7 dug1 & br\ght1 at an e/imat$ av]age price ( #c #ej p] ton1 #ibg1jjj2 #bj1jjj tons ( ,s\? ,amboy /one-w>e clay1 at #d p] ton1 br\ght #hj1jjj4 ,^! figures are suffici5t = ! =mation ( an op9ion ( ! wor? ( a good clay deposit4 ,) reg>d to ! mat]ials to be obta9$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 x may be premis$ t1 f a vague use ( words hav+ an o!rwise def9ite mean+1 x has be5 difficult to obta9 satisfactory in=mation ^u "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ po9ts4 ,! foll[+ extract is tak5 f a report ^u ! pott]y indu/ry1 by ! secret>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pott]y ,association to ! ,indu/rial ,directory = #ahgf3 8,! clay1 or kaol91 m9es ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h be5 wond]fully develop$ ! pa/ few ye>s4 ,ri* & inexhau/ible b$s ( f9e kaol9 are n[ be+ work$ 9 ! foll[+ ,/ates3 ,delaw>e--?ree ext5sive deposits2 ,p5nsylvania--?ree v f9e m9es are work$1 & ! :ole ( ,*e/] ,c\nty ab\nds ) z f9e a deposit z ,engl& c boa/2 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 & ,indiana c boa/ ( ri* deposits also n[ be+ work$2 ,new ,j]sey ab\nds 9 ball-clay1 common :ite-w>e clay1 & all k9ds ( fire & retort clays2 :ile ,ma9e1 ,connecticut1 & ,m>yl& furni% felsp> 9 abundance1 & ,p5nsylvania & ,m>yl& endless quantities ( qu>tz or silica4 ,e section ( ! c\ntry1 f ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s to ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 has raw mat]ial 9 great v>iety1 z yet unimprov$40 ,9 view ( ^! /atem5ts1 x may appe> s+ul> t ! ,union ,porcela9 ,works at ,gre5po9t are consum+ l>ge quantities ( import$ kaol94 ,to expla9 ?is1 we mu/ believe ! ^w kaol9 9 ! above extract to be appli$ to ! native clay z f\nd1 & be=e x is fre$ f any impurity4 ,?is belief is support$ by ,m4 ,*4 de ,bussy1 "o ( ! ,fr5* memb]s ( ! ,int]national ,jury at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition4 ,9 8 report he says3 8,les matires premires p\r la pot]ie sont abondantes aux tats-,unis4 ,des dpts de kaol9 sont exploits dans un gr& nombre d'tats1 pr9cipalem5t dans ceux de ,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,ill9ois1 ,georgia4 ,plusieurs des matires dsignes s\s le nom de kaol9 ne sont pas t\tefois le produit de la dcomposition du feldspa? 9 situ2 ce ne sont proprem5t p>l]1 que des argiles blan*es qui ne peuv5t s]vir la fabrication de la porcela9e que p> leur association du feldspa? et du qu>tz40 ,he !n goes on to say t ! kaol9 is n prep>$ ) suffici5t c>e1 & t = t reason ! ,gre5po9t factory uses = its table porcela9 a great deal ( ,engli% kaol94 ,ano!r reason is t ! ,engli% clay c always be dep5d$ ^u1 & t ! native1 = lack ( prop] prep>ation1 _c4 ,! g5]al conclusions ( ,m4 ,*4 de ,bussy are confirm$ by inve/igations made "h4 ,! above m5tion$ report by ! ,geological ,survey1 embrac+ all or ! great] numb] ( ! clays ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey1 gives mu* valuable in=mation1 & f>!r sub/antiates our view4 ,! foll[+ table has be5 compil$ f ! data !re giv51 = ! purpose ( comp>+ ! import$ kaol9 ) ! ,new ,j]sey clays1 & ?us arriv+ at ! tru? ^u ?is po9t3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,cornwall1,cornwall4,/&>d ,r$ru?1,p]? ,/at5 ,wa%+ ,engl&4 ,kaol94,cornwall4,amboy4 ,isl&4 -ton4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,silica #df4cb #df4bi #df4jj #bh4dj #gg4aj #ib4gj #ii4dj ,alum9a #ci4gd #dj4jj #bd4aa #ag4aj #e4gj #g4hj ,wat] #ab4fg #ac4jj #g4ij #d4ej #j4gj #b4fj ,pota% #j4if #a4cj #j4ce ,l9e #j4cf #j4ej #j4cc ,magnesia #j4cc ,iron #j4bg #j4bg #j4cc #j4gi ,titanic ,acid #j4bj ,s& #cg4hj ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #a #b #c #d #e #f #g ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,no4 #d4--,?is clay is us$ ) o!rs to give t\ghness to vessels to be expos$ to sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature4 ,nos4 #e1 #f1 & #g4--;,9 ^! ! silica & s& are add$ toge!r1 & ! alum9a includes ! iron4 ,9 ! select$ clays ( ,new ,j]sey ! great prepond]ance ( silica at once attracts att5tion1 & is to be attribut$ to ! admixture ( s&1 :i* av]ages ab\t sev5ty-five p] c5t4 ( ! mass4 ,:5ev] ! silica is pres5t 9 a great] am\nt ?an ! /&>d p]c5tage giv5 9 ! table1 & p>ticul>ly :5 x appe>s 9 ! =m ( s&1 ! clay becomes less fit = mak+ f9e w>e4 ,! body is proportionately co>s]4 ,! ,j]sey clay1 !re=e1 al?\gh locally dignifi$ ) ! "n ( kaol91 _c be us$ by ! manufactur] ( porcela94 ,! deposit has be5 made "u less favorable circum/ances ?an t ( s\?-we/]n ,engl&4 ,!re nature has to a great ext5t p]=m$ ! wa%+ process1 by c>ry+ ! decompos$ felsp> along a valley & dropp+ ! impurities & co>s] +r$i5ts by ! way4 ,! artificial process is simply ! c\nt]p>t ( t ( nature4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey ! clay & qu>tz-s& are 9 "s places deposit$ toge!r1 & are !n miscall$ felsp>2 9 o!rs !y h be5 p>tially assort$1 ! f9e p>ticles be+ deposit$ 9 "o b$1 ! qu>tz-s& 9 ano!r4 ,an analysis ( ?ree specim5s ( ?is 8felsp>0 %[s ! foll[+ +r$i5ts1 ! decrease ( s& & increase ( alum9a be+ especially notewor?y3 ,silicic ,acid & ,qu>tz-s&444444 #ge4hh #gd4jj #gg4dj ,alum9a444444444444444444444444444 #ah4ie #ag4ee #af4jg ,wat]44444444444444444444444444444 #d4ij #f4cj #d4cj ,iron444444444444444444444444444444 #j4di #j4ed #j4ec ,magnesia44444444444444444444444444 44444 44444 #j4be ,pota%4444444444444444444444444444 #j4ae #j4ab #j4ae ,soda444444444444444444444444444444 #j4ba #j4ba 44444 ,titanic ,acid4444444444444444444444 44444 #j4ij 44444 #ajj4eh #ii4fb #ih4gj ,^! tables w expla9 ! language ( ! report1 t ! ,new ,j]sey 8kaol9s0 are 8simply mica-be>+ s&s10 & t ! felsp> 8is m prop]ly a kaol940 8,! s-call$ kaol9 is a micace\s s&1 consi/+ ( f9e-gra9$ :ite qu>tz-s&1 mix$ ) a small & v>y+ p]c5tage ( :ite mica1 9 small flakes or scales1 & a v little :ite clay40 ,9 o!r words1 !re is no ,new ,j]sey clay entitl$ to ! di/9ctive "n ( kaol91 & ! invet]ate misapplication ( ! ^w illu/rates ! difficulty to be enc\nt]$ by ! inquir] into ?is matt]4 ,m4 de ,bussy1 = example1 9 ! passage quot$1 falls v naturally into ! error ( class+ ,new ,j]sey ) ! 8l>ge numb] ( ,/ates 9 :i* deposits ( kaol9 are f\nd40 ,8 mi/ake1 & ! confusion ( t]ms :i* l$ to x1 makes x all ! m desirable t some?+ def9ite %\ld be kn[n ( ! deposits 9 o!r ,/ates4 ,z to ! deposits ( ,p5nsylvania & ! ,we/1 !re appe>s to be consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion1 b ! exi/5ce ( clay = mak+ e k9d ( w>e1 f dra9-pipes to porcela9 vases1 is beyond all d\bt4 ,a p>tial analysis ( ,georgia kaol9 %[$ t 9 ! lead+ +r$i5ts ( silica & alum9a x approa*$ v ne>ly ! /&>d giv5 9 ! table4 ,! :ole "q appe>s to be "o ( analysis1 prep>ation1 & exp]im5t1 s t :5 ! manufactur]s buy clay = a special purpose1 !y c dep5d absolutely ^u :at !y obta94 ,mr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ( ,gre5po9t1 is s confid5t ( ! ri*ness ( ?is c\ntry1 t he believes kaol9 ( ! be/ quality exi/s 9 abundance1 & t x w 9 c\rse ( "t be an article ( export4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 ,mr4 ,laughl91 ( ,ea/ ,liv]pool1 ,ohio1 appe>$ z "o ( ! repres5tatives ( ,we/]n ent]prise4 ,he ?9ks ! v>ieties ( clay 9 ,am]ica outnumb] ^? ( all ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,at ,ea/ ,liv]pool all ! v>ieties are us$4 ,a new clay f\nd 9 ,miss\ri1 & expect$ to be v valuable1 has rec5tly be5 add$ to ! li/4 ,x gives ! pa/e a peculi> s(tness ( color1 & l5ds additional beauty to ! manufactur$ w>e4 ,mr4 ,laughl9 said no?+ ( export+ clays1 b ?\ght x highly probable t ,european capital w\ld be br\ght into ?is c\ntry to "w ! inexhau/ible mat]ials :i* x conta9s = e k9d ( w>e4 ,:at are want$ to r5d] ^! kaol9ic treasures available are ! ent]prise1 skill1 & capital to prep>e & comp\nd !m4 ,x is1 at lea/1 sugge/$ t ?is is ! great] "p ( ! difficulty1 & t if ! peculi> qualities ( ea* deposit 7 m precisely kn[n1 if ! crude mat]ial 7 skilfully clean$1 & exp]im5ts 7 sy/ematically conduct$ = ! purpose ( discov]+ ! comb9ations necess>y = mak+ a true & regul> porcela9 clay1 !re w\ld be no necessity = go+ away f home = any +r$i5t ( ! requisite porcela9 pa/e4 ,?is supposition is borne out by ! fact t a few ye>s ago a numb] ( ,am]ican pott]s attempt$ to make porcela9 ) kaol9 br\ght f ! ,s\?1 & 9 e in/ance fail$4 ,o!rs h s9ce met ) success m or less complete4 ,btt*] did n succe$ on 8 fir/ attempt1 &1 9 fact1 x 0 n until sev]al ye>s aft] 8 dea? t ! be/ ,dresd5 w>e 0 made4 ,9 a simil> mann]1 exp]im5t alone c enable ,am]ican pott]s to avail !mselves ( ! und\bt$ weal? ( _! own c\ntry4 ,meantime1 x is notewor?y t ! deposits ( all k9ds n[ be+ work$ are ( suffici5t value to ma9ta9 a numb] ( mills = levigat+1 dry+1 & gr9d+4 ,sev]al are on ! ,susquehanna1 9 ,m>yl&2 at ,ea/ ,liv]pool1 ,ohio2 at ,=t ,ann1 ,new ,york2 on ! ,connecticut ,riv]2 & at ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,,pott]y4 ,dep5d5ce ^u ,engl&4--,w$gwood's ,fe>s ( ,am]ican ,competition4--,norwi*4--,h>t=d4--,/on+t on4--,norwalk4--,h]b]tsville4 --,sayreville4--,s\? ,amboy4--,philadelphia4--,baltimore4--,j ]sey ,city4 --,b5n+ton4--,new ,york ,city ,pott]y4--,tr5ton4--,pres5t ,ext5t ( ,indu/ry4--,tr5ton ,ivory ,porcela94--,t]ra-cotta4--,bev]ly4--,*el sea4 --,portl&4--,cambridge4 ,! few kn[n incid5ts 9 ! developm5t ( ! art may be /at$ z ne>ly z possible 9 *ronological ord]2 &1 to keep ! ?read ( ! n>rative unbrok51 ref]5ce may at ! same "t be made to ! e>ly & unsuccessful attempts at e/abli%+ ! manufacture ( porcela9 9 conjunction ) t ( pott]y4 ,dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury ! records op5 to our inspection1 especially ! j\rnals ( ! day1 make occasional ref]5ces to import$ w>es1 *iefly ( ,engli% manufacture4 ,mr4 ,m>ryat1 9 treat+ ( ,engli% pott]y1 ref]s to ! popul> indiff]5ce 9 ,engl& to ! advantages ( crock]y ov] pewt] di%es & wood5 tr5*]s4 ,he !n says1 8,! introduction ( /one-w>e 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ( ,ori5tal porcela9 9 its imitation delft-w>e %ortly aft]w>d1 &1 la/ly1 ! ,/af=d%ire e>!n-w>e1 gradually expell$ pewt] di%es & plates1 ?\gh x is b rec5tly !y h be5 entirely dismiss$40 ,popul> usage 9 ,am]ica foll[$ a p>allel c\rse1 & !re are _m places at :i* ! sub/itution ( crock]y = wood & metal 0 made )9 ! memory ( p]sons n[ liv+4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,watson1 9 8 8,annals ( ,philadelphia10 describ+ ! furniture ( a room ( presumably ab\t a c5tury ago1 gives "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s 9 reg>d to ?is subject4 8,"o corn]10 he says1 80 occupi$ by a beaufet1 :i* 0 a corn] closet ) a glass door1 9 :i* all ! *9a ( ! family & ! plate 7 int5d$ to be display$ = ornam5t z well z use4 ,a conspicu\s article 9 ! collection 0 always a great *9a pun*-b[l1 :i* furni%$ a frequ5t & grateful bev]age2 = w9e dr9k+ 0 !n mu* less 9 vogue4 ,*9a teacups & sauc]s 7 ab\t half _! pres5t size2 & *9a teapots & c(fee-pots ) silv] nozzles 7 a m>k ( sup]ior f9]y4 ,! %am ( plat$ w>e 0 n !n kn[n1 & all :o %[$ a silv] s]vice _h ! massive metal too4 ,?is occurr$ 9 ! weal?y families1 9 little c(fee & tea pots2 & a silv] tank>d = good sug>$ toddy 0 above vulg> ent]ta9m5t4 ,:]e we n[ use e>!n-w>e1 !y !n us$ delft-w>e1 import$ f ,engl&2 & in/ead ( que5's-w>e 7!n unkn[n7 pewt] plates & porr+]s1 made to %9e along a dress]1 7 univ]sal4 ,"s1 & especially ! c\ntry p1 ate _! meals f wood5 tr5*]s40 ,?is passage may be tak5 z af=d+ a fai?ful view ( ,am]ican usage 9 reg>d to ! diff]5t po9ts ^u :i* x t\*es1 n 9 ,p5nsylvania alone1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,watson is m p>ticul>ly treat+1 b ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,*9a 0 /ill an article ( luxury1 9 :i* only ! ri* c\ld indulge4 ,we are1 !re=e1 prep>$ to f9d t x 0 n until ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 & aft] ! ,revolution>y tr\bles1 t crock]y assum$ any importance z an article ( comm]ce betwe5 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= a long "t prior to t p]iod x is reasonable to suppose t ,am]ica _h be5 able to satisfy ! home dem& = all ! co>s] w>es1 & also = bricks2 b at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! manufacture _h made little or no progress4 ,x _h n advanc$ beyond ! production ( bricks1 tiles1 & c]ta9 k9ds ( co>se /one-w>e & pott]y4 ,x is1 to say ! lea/1 amus+ to f9d ,w$gwood1 9 #agfe1 express+ fe>s = ,engl&'s e>!n-w>e trade ) ,am]ica1 on acc\nt ( ! e/abli%m5t ( "s 8new ,pottworks 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a40 8,!y h10 he said1 8e mat]ial !re1 equal if n sup]ior to our own1 = c>ry+ on t manufacture20 & on ^! & o!r gr\nds he ask$ if some?+ c\ld n be done to protect ! home manufacture6 ,miss ,metey>d1 ,w$gwood's biograph]1 relates t 9 #agff a ,mr4 ,b>tlem1 a ,/af=d%ire pott]1 emigrat$ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & hav+ induc$ sev]al workm5 to jo9 him1 began 8 trade 9 t ,/ate4 ,he fail$ !re1 z he _h done 9 ,engl&1 & a simil> fate befell an ent]prise :i* _h = its object ! e/abli%m5t ( *9a works 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,previ\s to #agif bo? e>!n & /one w>e 7 made by ,mr4 ,*>les ,la?rop at ,norwi*1 ,connecticut2 & 9 #aghi ,mr4 ,samuel ,d5nis made an unsuccessful application = ,/ate aid 9 f\nd+ a /one pott]y 9 ,connecticut1 at :i* he promis$ to make w>e resembl+ ! ,/af=d%ire que5's-w>e4 ,! indu/ry 0 also pursu$ at ,h>t=d by ,isaac ,han=d1 at ,/on+ton by ,adam ,/ates1 & at ,norwalk4 ,%ortly aft]w>d1 or 9 ! fir/ decade ( ! pres5t c5tury1 w>e ( an app>5tly high] class began to be made 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & al?\gh l>ge quantities cont9u$ to be import$ f ,engl&1 ! native w>es rapidly improv$ 9 quality & increas$ 9 quantity4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahjj1 ,van ,wickle's /one-w>e factory 0 9 op]ation at ,old ,bridge1 n[ ,h]b]tsville1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,! clay us$ 0 obta9$ f ,morgan's ,bank at ,s\? ,amboy4 ,two ye>s lat] a simil> factory1 us+ ! same mat]ial1 0 />t$ by ! ,prices at ,r\ndab\t1 n[ ,sayreville1 on ! ,r>itan4 ,9 #ahcc ,j4 ,r4 ,watson1 ( ,p]? ,amboy1 e/abli%$ a factory ( fire-brick1 & 0 work+ x regul>ly ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,! work%op n[ c>ri$ on by ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,c4 ,ramey at ,philadelphia is "o ( ! olde/ /one-w>e factories 9 ,am]ica4 ,x turns out a good quality ( fire-brick & w>e = *emical purposes4 ,a few o!r ,philadelphia firms may "h be notic$4 ,h>vey ,adamson make a /rong & durable quality ( /one-w>e1 ) a h>d vitre\s glaze 7grs crames71 & arti/ic t]ra-cotta4 ,jef=ds ,co41 ( ! same city1 manufacture an excell5t grade ( f9e /one-w>e = h\sehold purposes1 & table w>es4 ,! pieces h usually m\ld+s 9 relief1 & are color$ br[n or yell[ on ! outside & :ite inside4 ,! latt] is app>5tly produc$ by mak+ use ( an engobe ( v :ite clay4 ,gall[ay ,graiff make e>!n-w>e ( v>i\s k9ds1 includ+ t]ra-cotta 9 ,greek %apes4 ,moorhead ,wilson h v ext5sive clay works at ,spr+ ,mills1 & manufacture t]ra-cotta = build+ purposes4 ,!y also make t]ra-cotta vases1 aft] ! antique1 = decorators4 ,at ,baltimore good qualities ( common e>!n-w>e & salt-glaz$ /one-w>e are made by ,p]r9e ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dcj--;,j]sey ,city ,e>!n-w>e ,pit*]4 ,ab\t #ahbe a factory ( natural porcela9 0 f\nd$ by a numb] ( ,fr5*m5 9 ,j]sey ,city4 ,we h a specim5 ( ?is porcela91 made 9 #ahbf--;a small b[l1 ) excell5t body & glaze1 & decorat$ ) a gold b& r\nd ! outside ( ! rim4 ,! v5ture did n prove a success1 & ! production ceas$ )9 a ye> or two4 ,9 #ahbi ! works 7 assum$ by ,david ,h5d]son ,co41 & c>ri$ on "u ! firm ( ! ,am]ican ,pott]y ,company4 ,x 0 "h t ! ?r[+ & turn+ ( e>!n-w>e ^u ! ,engli% pr9ciple 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,am]ica1 by ,william & ,james ,taylor4 ,?is 0 also ! fir/ successful attempt to compete ) ,engl&1 & 0 made 9 connection ) ! manufacture ( a yell[ w>e4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 or 9 #ahcb1 ! same pott]s 7 mak+ a cream-color$ w>e *iefly f import$ mat]ials4 ,to ! decoration ( a :ite w>e ! ,engli% process ( pr9t+ 0 successfully br\ght1 & a br[n e>!n-w>e1 made ab\t ! same date1 0 v>i\sly ornam5t$ ) reliefs & color$ enamels4 ,?ree specim5s ( ! latt] are 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum4 ,"o consi/s ( a wat]-pit*] modell$ by ,daniel ,greatbat* 7,fig4 #dcj71 ) ! h&le 9 %ape ( a h\nd1 & a hunt+ sc5e 9 relief1 & belongs to ! e>li] p]iod ( ! factory4 ,ab\t #ahde a *ange appe>s to h tak5 place 9 ! proprietor%ip1 z we !n f9d ! company consi/+ ( ,messrs4 ,william ,rhodes 7:om we %all meet aga9 9 ,tr5ton71 ,/rong1 & ,m',g]ron4 ,! firm made :ite granite & cream-color$ w>e until #ahed4 ,at t "t ! pressure ( =eign competition 0 s great t !y c\ld n ga9 a foo?old 9 ! regul> trade4 ,_! w>es 7 *iefly sold by p$dl]s & it9]ant deal]s1 :o 7 9 ! habit ( go+ to ! factory ) wagons1 :5 !y knew t a kiln 0 to be drawn1 & c>t+ (f ! goods be=e !y 7 trimm$4 ,rhodes resign$ 9 #ahed1 & w5t to ,v]mont2 & ! rema9+ p>tn]s sold out1 9 #ahee1 to ,r\se1 ,turn]1 ,duncan ,h5ry1 ( :om ,messrs4 ,r\se ,turn] are n[ c>ry+ on ! e/abli%m5t4 ,! popul>ity occasionally rea*$ by a s+le =m 01 p]haps1 nev] bett] exemplifi$ ?an by ! br[n pit*] above m5tion$4 ,x is made d[n to ! pres5t "t1 & has become s id5tifi$ ) ! factory1 t1 :5 wi%+ to s5d a mem5to to 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,john ,haslem1 ( ! ,d]by ,works 9 ,engl&1 ,mr4 ,r\se ?\ght he c\ld n d bett] ?an s5d him "o ( ^! pit*]s1 ( a size l>g] ?an ord9>y4 ,! pres5t firm h n us$ any import$ clay = ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s4 ,!y n[ obta9 sp> f ,connecticut1 fl9t f ,lant]n ,hill1 ,connecticut1 ,*9a clay f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 & o!r clays f ,new ,j]sey4 ,! /aple ( ! factory is granite-w>e1 = :i* a peculi> ivory-color$ glaze has rec5tly be5 adopt$4 ,p>ian is also made4 ,! ,j]sey ,city biscuit is ext5sively consum$ by decorators1 & "s new & v h&some %apes h be5 design$ = ?is special bran* ( trade 7see ,fig4 #deg74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dca4--,porcela9 ,/atuette1 ,new ,york ,city ,pott]y4 ,messrs4 ,lyman1 ,f5ton ,co4 emb>k$1 9 #ahdg1 9 an ent]prise at ,b5n+ton1 ,v]mont1 :i* promis$ to be a comm]cial success4 ,!y made bo? pott]y & artificial porcela94 ,! enamel ^u c]ta9 specim5s ( ! =m] 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 & belong+ to ! ,trumbull-,prime collection1 is ( a notably good quality4 ,! works /opp$1 aft] runn+ = ab\t twelve ye>s4 ,! olde/ e/abli%m5t 9 ,new ,york is ! ,hudson ,riv] ,pott]y1 9 ,we/ ,twelf? ,/reet4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahch1 & is n[ c>ri$ on "u ! firm ( ,william ,a4 ,macquoid ,co4 ,! only products1 until )9 a ye> ago1 7 /one-w>e & glaz$ e>!n-w>e4 ,at t "t ! dem& by decorators = t]ra-cotta 9 ! *oice/ antique =ms l$ ! firm to add x to _! li/ ( productions4 ,! exp]im5t 0 successful4 ,! pa/e is f9e & well work$4 ,! 8,manhattan ,pott]y0 ( ,/ew>t ,co41 9 ,we/ ,eighte5? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 is engag$ *iefly 9 ! production ( dra9-pipes & t]ra-cotta4 ,! =m] are glaz$ ) 8,albany slip10 obta9$ f ! b$ ( ! ,hudson at ,albany1 :i* r5d]s !m p]fectly imp]vi\s to ! action ( acids4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dcb4--;,iron-/one ,*9a ,plaque4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dcc4--,new ,york ,city ,pott]y4 ,lambe? /yle4 ,mr4 ,james ,c>r1 ( ! ,new ,york ,city ,pott]y1 aft] work+ = "s "t ) ! ,am]ican ,pott]y ,company1 9 ,j]sey ,city1 w5t1 9 #aheb1 to ,s\? ,amboy1 & f\nd$ an e/abli%m5t = mak+ yell[1 ,rock+ham1 & cream-color$ w>e4 ,tw5ty-two ye>s ago he remov$ to 8 pres5t premises 9 ,we/ ,?irte5? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,c>r makes use ( six or sev5 diff]5t bodies1 all compos$ ( ,am]ican mat]ials4 ,"s "t ago he made a few pieces1 includ+ a tea-s]vice & two /atuettes 7,fig4 #dca7 ( artificial porcela91 us+ bone & kaol9 f ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! table-pieces are decorat$ ) fe/oons ( fl[]s1 9 p9k & gre51 & a rim ( blue & gold4 ,! /atuettes are well modell$ & v ta/efully color$4 ,! /aple product ( ! factory is /one *9a1 :i* is l>gely s\ght 9 biscuit by decorators4 ,! quality is probably z f9e z x is possible to make /one *9a1 & /yles ( decoration are foll[$ :i* are r>ely f\nd on a simil> body4 ,d9n]-s]vices are decorat$ ) all ! c>e usually res]v$ = porcela91 & _m ornam5tal pieces1 includ+ a s]ies ( circul> plaques1 %[ admirable ta/e & workman%ip 7,fig4 #dcb74 ,a ?ird quality ( w>e is call$ 8,semi-*9a10 & is ne>ly z transluc5t z porcela94 ,x is made f ,am]ican kaol9 clay1 ) a l>ge admixture ( felsp>4 ,x is decorat$ 9 /yles simil> to ^? f\nd ^u ! iron-/one *9a4 ,mr4 ,c>r also makes /atuettes & bu/s 9 t]ra-cotta1 ( a w>m1 ri* t9t1 & 9 a f9e1 p>tially transluc5t p>ian4 ,besides ^!1 ! works produce cream-color$ w>e & majolica4 ,! latt] is made into a great v>iety ( =ms--j>s1 p$e/als1 seats1 boxes1 & cups1 ! lead+ colors ( :i* are a cle> deep blue1 yell[1 & gre54 ,"s ( ! colors f\nd ^u iron-/one *9a pieces are rem>kably good1 notably a f9e maz>9e blue & a brilliant black4 ,arti/ic "w ( all k9ds is receiv+ att5tion4 ,mr4 ,c>r has made _m exp]im5ts1 & cont9ues mak+ !m ) unremitt+ ardor 7,fig4 #dcc74 ,beg9n+ to "w at a "t :5 ! me*anical difficulties 9 ! way ( success seem$ insup]able1 he gradually ext5d$ 8 ef=ts z ^! difficulties disappe>$1 & is n[ rea*+ t[>d ! high] =ms ( ! art4 ,! /ory ( 8 life is ! hi/ory ( mod]n ,am]ican pott]y4 ,! hi/ory ( ,tr5ton is int]e/+ f ! enorm\s developm5t ( ! manufacture 9 t city )9 a v %ort space ( "t4 ,! bus9ess 0 begun 9 #aheb1 by ! firm ( ,taylor ,speel]4 ,taylor is said to h made ! fir/ por\s cup at ,j]sey ,city1 = ,pr(essor ,morse's exp]im5ts4 ,?is honor is also claim$ = ! ,rob]tsons ( ,*elsea1 ,massa*usetts4 ,b leav+ t "q 9 ! mean "t1 x w\ld appe> t ! ,taylor "h spok5 ( is ! same :om we h se5 at "w z a ?r[] ) ! ,am]ican ,pott]y ,company4 ,! ,tr5ton firm made yell[ & ,rock+ham w>e1 ) :i* !y 7 successful f ! fir/4 ,!y also attempt$ porcela9 & p>ian2 b ^! w>es1 ?\gh ( f9e quality1 7 n receiv$ ) su* favor z to make _! production a comm]cial success4 ,?is result$1 9 all probability1 f ! difficulties att5d+ ! manufacture4 ,s9ce _! day ! bus9ess has almo/ entirely turn$ t[>d ano!r class ( :ite goods1 ! granite-w>e 9 common use1 & = a long "t no attempts to manufacture porcela9 7 made except 9 ! way ( exp]im5t4 ,?is 0 done by ne>ly e firm 9 ! bus9ess4 ,taylor ,speel] 7 mak+ :ite granite 9 #ahef1 b only to a limit$ ext5t1 & 9 connection ) yell[-w>e & ,rock+ham4 ,a m$al 0 aw>d$ !m = ! manufacture ( sup]ior pott]y4 ,?is honor 0 conf]r$ 9 #ahef1 by ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute ( ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! m$al is n[ 9 ,mr4 ,taylor's possession4 ,z a mem5to ( ! skill %[n 9 ! e>ly days ( ,am]ican pott]y x w be> description4 ,x is made ( silv]1 & has on "o side ! inscription1 8,rew>d ( skill & indu/ry to ,taylor1 ,speel] ,bloor1 ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 = *9a1 granite1 & e>!n w>e1 #ahef40 ,on ! obv]se is a lik5ess ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 & ! words 8,frankl9 ,in/itute ( ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania1 #ahbd40 ,to ,mr4 ,taylor1 ! s5ior p>tn] ( ! firm1 ! cr$it is due ( fir/ fir+ a kiln ) an?racite coal4 ,! factory is n[ call$ ! ,tr5ton ,pott]y ,works4 ,mr4 ,bloor jo9$ ! orig9al firm ( ,taylor ,speel] 9 #ahed1 & retir$ 9 #ahei4 ,soon aft]w>d ,mr4 ,speel] sold out to ,john ,f4 ,h\day]1 & 9 #ahgj ! firm consi/$ ( ,mr4 ,taylor & ,john ,goodw94 ,a ye> lat] ,mr4 ,goodw9 0 b\ght out by 8 son1 ,james ,h4 ,goodw91 & ,isaac ,davis1 ! latt] ( :om soon aft]w>d acquir$ ,goodw9's %>e1 & 9 #ahge became sole proprietor by pur*as+ ,mr4 ,taylor's int]e/4 ,mr4 ,davis1 l sev]al o!rs ( ! old] ,tr5ton pott]s1 is an ,engli%man1 & ! fact is notewor?y1 9 view ( ! opposition to goods ( ,am]ican manufacture4 ,x %[s h[ bl9d 0 ! prejudice :i*1 !re be+ no "q ( ! excell5ce ( ,am]ican mat]ials1 w n conc$e to an ,engli%man 9 ,am]ica ! skill & ability ( ! same ,engli%man 9 ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,davis w5t to ,tr5ton f ,/af=d%ire 9 #ahfb1 work$ fir/ ) ,william ,"y ,sons1 =m$ a cop>tn]%ip ) ,george ,lawton1 ^u a capital ( #cjj1 jo9$ ! ,glasg[ ,pott]y ,company1 & !n1 z we h se51 b\ght an int]e/ 9 ! firm ( ,taylor ,goodw94 ,! fir/ to make cream-color$ w>e = ! m>ket 7 ,william ,"y ,sons1 ,a/bury ,mill+ton1 :o compris$ ! firm :i*1 9 #ahec1 laid ! f\ndation ( an indu/ry :i* has s9ce atta9$ to enorm\s dim5sions4 ,!y _h l>ge ord]s = /rawb]ry b[ls f a truck] ne> ,rocky ,hill1 & ^! !y fir$ 9 ,taylor ,speel]'s yell[-w>e kiln4 ,! bus9ess1 al?\gh greatly increas$1 has n *ang$ its "*1 & is at ! pres5t "t c>ri$ on by ,william ,"y's sons4 ,( ! orig9al p>tn]s ,a/bury =m$ a cop>tn]%ip ) ,mr4 ,maddock1 & ! pres5t firm is ,a/bury ,maddock1 ( :i* ! latt] is ! only surviv+ p>tn]4 ,its *ief product is sanit>y & druggi/s' w>e1 & exp]im5ts are also made ) ,am]ican kaol9s--^? ( ,miss\ri1 ,p5nsylvania1 & o!r ,/ates--) a view to ! manufacture ( a true ,am]ican porcela94 ,decorat+ & pr9t+ are n[ receiv+ a consid]able am\nt ( att5tion4 ,mr4 ,mill+ton1 also ( ! old firm1 resign$1 & f\nd$ ! pott]y n[ be>+ 8 "n4 ,! fir/ pott]y fitt$ up = ! exclusive manufacture ( :ite granite & cream-color$ w>e 0 t ( ,rhodes ,yates1 9 #ahei1 at ! pres5t ,city pott]y1 on ,p]ry ,/reet4 ,?is ,mr4 ,rhodes is ! same "o :o 0 p>tn] 9 ! ,j]sey ,city pott]y4 ,on go+ to ,v]mont1 9 #ahed1 he e/abli%$ ! manufacture ( :ite-w>e1 & rema9$ !re until ! fall ( #ahei1 :5 he jo9$ ,mr4 ,yates 9 a new ent]prise 9 ,tr5ton4 ,! previ\s hi/ory ( ! ,city pott]y is a /ory ( cont9u\s *anges4 ,at "o "t x 0 occupi$ by ,william ,"y ,sons1 :o 7 mak+ porcela9 h>dw>e trimm+s4 ,9 #ahec x 0 pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,hatt]sley1 & 9 #ahef pass$ into ! possession ( ,mr4 ,yates1 :o leas$ x to ,james & ,?omas ,lyn*4 ,= two ye>s !y occupi$ x z a dra9-pipe factory1 & 9 #ahei x 0 assum$ by ,mr4 ,yates1 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,mr4 ,rhodes4 ,9 putt+ granite & cream-color$ w>e ^u ! m>ket1 ! firm _h _m ob/acles to ov]come4 ,*ief among !m 0 ! all-prevail+ prejudice ( deal]s & consum]s 9 favor ( import$ goods4 ,success1 h[ev]1 came 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,an entrance 0 =c$ into ! m>ket1 & o!r firms :i* rapidly sprung into exi/5ce second$ _! ef=ts 9 secur+ = ,tr5ton a remun]ative recognition 9 ! :ite-w>e trade4 ,meantime sev]al *anges took place 9 ! firm ( ,rhodes ,yates4 ,mr4 ,higg9son became lead+ p>tn]1 & 9 #ahfe ! firm 0 ,yates ,titus1 :i* 0 *ang$1 9 #ahgj1 to ,yates1 ,b5nett ,all51 & 9 ! fall ( #ahge to ! ,city ,pott]y ,company1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,yates & ,mr4 ,john ,rhodes--a son ( ,william ,rhodes--are two ( ! p>tn]s4 ,! p]iod ( sev5 ye>s betwe5 ,taylor ,speel]'s v5ture & t ( ,rhodes ,yates may be call$ ! infancy ( ! ,tr5ton manufacture4 ,s9ce t "t ! production has increas$ ye> by ye>1 & ,tr5ton well des]ves ! title conf]r$ ^u x ( 8,! ,/af=d%ire ( ,am]ica40 ,its annual productive capacity is ab\t two & a half millions1 & dur+ #ahgf ! actual production 0 ab\t #a1gej1jjj4 ,!re are1 9 all1 n9ete5 pott]ies 9 ! city1 & sev]al decorat+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,to illu/rate :at is n[ be+ done1 & to indicate ! new *annels :i* ! indu/ry is seek+1 a few ( ! lead+ factories may be ref]r$ to4 ,! ,etruria ,pott]y ,company is n[ work+ ! factory built1 9 #ahfc1 by ,messrs4 ,william ,bloor1 ,joseph ,ott1 & ,?omas ,boo?4 ,mr4 ,boo? retir$ 9 #ahfd1 & 0 succe$$ by ,g4 ,s4 ,burr\ghs1 :o1 9 #ahfe1 )drew & made way = ,j4 ,h>t ,brew]4 ,9 #ahga ,mr4 ,bloor retir$1 & ! firm ( ,ott ,brew] rema9$ 9 possession until ,janu>y1 #ahgh1 :5 ! ,etruria ,pott]y ,company 0 organiz$4 ,until #ahgf ! /aple products ( ! factory 7 :ite granite & cream-color$ w>e4 ,its ivory porcela9 & p>ian w be notic$ h]eaft]4 ,! ,glasg[ ,pott]y ( ,john ,moses ,company s5ds out an imm5se quantity ( :ite granite & cream-color$ w>e1 & exp]im5ts are also conduct$1 *iefly ) ,p5nsylvania kaol91 ) a view to mak+ porcela94 ,t n[ regul>ly made is call$ semi-porcela91 & _m trial pieces h a pure transluc5t body & excell5t glaze4 ,! firm ( ,coxon ,co4 0 f\nd$1 9 #ahfc1 by ,mr4 ,*>les ,coxon1 & is n[ compos$ ( 8 wid[1 ,j4 ,g4 ,=man1 & ,s4 ,m4 ,alpaugh4 ,mr4 ,coxon began ) cream-color$ w>e1 & conjo9$ x ) :ite granite t[>d ! end ( #ahfc4 ,s9ce t "t ! firm has produc$ bo? qualities4 ,"o ( ! lat] e/abli%m5ts is ! ,m]c] ,pott]y1 built 9 #ahfh1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,james ,moses is sole proprietor4 ,besides ! common grades ( e>!n-w>e1 /one *9a & semi-porcela9 are made & decorat$4 ,!re is a decid$ t5d5cy "h t[>d ! production ( a f9] quality ( w>e1 & ( /yles ( decoration possess$ ( arti/ic m]it4 ,at ! ,ars5al ,pott]y ,mr4 ,joseph ,may] manufactures ,rock+ham & br[n /one-w>e1 & is 9 ! possession ( a numb] ( excell5t designs4 ,( ! rema9+ ,tr5ton pott]ies--! ,ea/ ,tr5ton ,pott]y ,company1 ! ,am]ican ,crock]y ,company1 ,joseph ,h4 ,moore's1 ! ,gre5wood ,pott]y ,company1 & ! ,millham--x is unnecess>y to give details4 ,)9 ! pa/ two or ?ree ye>s all h be5 turn+ _! att5tion to "w ( a m or less arti/ic "*1 "s direct+ _! ef=ts m p>ticul>ly to decorat+1 & o!rs to ! p]fect+ ( a body :i* %all enable !m to compete ) ! manufactur]s ( porcela94 ,9 ! latt] respect ! ,gre5wood company has met ) gratify+ success1 & has giv5 _! w>e ! "n ( 8,am]ican ,*9a40 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! hi/ory ( mod]n ,am]ican art & manufacture does n ext5d mu* beyond a c5tury4 ,progress has be5 rapid1 & ! trade has develop$ ) gigantic /rides4 ,x is e/imat$ t !re are 9 all sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5 pott]y e/abli%m5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ^? = all k9ds ( w>e1 f t]ra-cotta to porcela94 ,all1 or ne>ly all1 ^! h sprung up )9 tw5ty-five ye>s1 & _m ( !m s9ce ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! productive capacity ( "s ( ! lead+ c5tres may be judg$ f ! numb] ( kilns !y require4 ,at ,tr5ton !re are fifty-sev5 kilns2 at ,ea/ ,liv]pool1 =ty-six2 at ,c9c9nati1 twelve2 at ,flu%+ & ,gre5po9t1 ,long ,isl&1 elev52 at ,pittsburg six2 or !re are at sixte5 seats ( ! indu/ry1 & exclud+ t]ra-cotta manufactories1 "o hundr$ & sev5ty kilns4 ,! capital inve/$ by ! =ty firms1 memb]s ( ! ,pott]s' ,association1 is upw>d ( f\r millions1 an am\nt va/ly increas$ by ! rema9+ sev5 hundr$ & ?irty odd e/abli%m5ts ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,:ite granite-w>e1 an abom9ation 9 po9t ( art1 b em95tly useful1 is made at o!r places 9 ?is c\ntry besides ,tr5ton 9 great abundance4 ,! only manufactory ( :ite granite & cream-color$ w>e 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates is t ( ! ,new ,engl& ,pott]y ,company at ,ea/ ,bo/on4 ,x 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahed4 ,a display 0 made at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition ( :at 0 call$ 8,ivory ,porcela910 f ! ,etruria ,pott]y ( ,ott ,brew]1 ,tr5ton4 ,x has a h>d1 semi-transluc5t body1 & cle>1 smoo? boracic glaze4 ,x be>s a close resemblance to ,mr4 ,c>r's semi-*9a1 & is sub/antially ! same w>e t is n[ receiv+ att5tion f _m ( ! o!r ,tr5ton pott]s4 ,x may be said to m>k ! fir/ /age on ! way to a true ,am]ican porcela94 ,by exhibit+ x at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 ,ott ,brew] 7 really ! fir/ to draw ! public att5tion to ?is new dep>ture 9 ,am]ican manufacture4 ,its di/9ctive "n is tak5 f its s(t1 ivory-l t9t4 ,! advantages claim$ = x are1 t :ile x answ]s all ! purposes ( *9a1 its manufacture is less exp5sive1 & p]mits its be+ put ^u ! m>ket at a mu* l[] price2 t x equals ! av]age *9a 9 po9t ( bo? utility & appe>ance2 & t its consi/5cy is su* t x c be made into m graceful or less clumsy %apes ?an granite4 ,exp]i5ce alone c dispose ( ^! claims4 ,x is fir$1 l granite-w>e1 h>d 9 ! biscuit & s(t 9 ! gloss-kiln1 f :i* x w\ld appe> t ! glaze & pa/e are n homog5e\s1 z 9 natural porcela94 ,practically1 h[ev]1 ?is new w>e repres5ts a great & sub/antial improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( a g5]al dome/ic article4 ,all ! compon5t +r$i5ts ( bo? pa/e & glaze are f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dcd4--,p>ian ,vase4 ,etruria ,pott]y ,company4 ,at ,ott ,brew]'s1 also1 are to be discov]$ ! fir/ glimm]+s ( :at may be call$ an art1 9 ! /udio ( ,mr4 ,isaac ,broome1 an ,am]ican arti/ ( consid]able repute & skill4 ,mr4 ,broome devot$ himself to bo? pa9t+ & sculpture be=e turn+ 8 att5tion to c]amic art4 ,"s ye>s ago he e/abli%$ a t]ra-cotta work%op 9 ,pittsburg2 b ! locality 0 unfavorable1 & ! ent]prise 0 ab&on$4 ,a simil> v5ture 9 ,new ,york city also fail$4 ,sev]al mon?s prior to ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition he 0 employ$ by ,messrs4 ,ott ,brew] to design & model c]ta9 works 9 p>ian4 ,^! 7 exhibit$ at ,philadelphia1 & 7 v favorably receiv$4 ,! improv$ kiln previ\sly describ$ 7see page #gi7 0 built aft] 8 plans1 & "u 8 p]sonal direction = fir+ ! works turn$ out ( 8 /udio4 ,( ^! "o ( ! be/ 0 sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,h>t ,brew]1 & consi/s ( 7,fig4 #dcd7 a pair ( vases 9 p>ian design$ to illu/rate ! national game ( base-ball4 ,great v>iety ( detail is atta9$ )\t detrim5t to a c]ta9 sev]ity ( outl9e4 ,f a n>r[ base ! body contracts quickly to its smalle/ gir?1 & !nce exp&s gradually to ! top4 ,r\nd ! foot ( ea* vase1 & /&+ on ! support+ p$e/al1 are arrang$ ?ree figures ( base-ball play]s1 modell$ aft] a ?or\ghly ,am]ican ideal ( physical beauty1 embody+ muscul> activity r ?an pond]\s /r5g?4 ,! attitudes are v well *os51 & inve/ ! figures ) an appe>ance ( life & vigor\s action4 ,a s]ies ( clubs belt$ r\nd ) a /rap ornam5ts ! /em ( ! vases1 & "s exquisitely wr\ght leaves & b]ries are wov5 r\nd ! top4 ,! orifice is cov]$ by a cupola or dome1 compos$ ( a segm5t ( a base-ball1 ^u :i* /&s an eagle4 ,^! vases are ! "w ( a g5u9e arti/1 :o has surr\nd$ a g5]al design ( great m]it ) _m f9ely execut$ & sugge/ive details4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dce4--,pa/oral ,vase4 ,etruria ,pott]y ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dcf4--;,faun's ,head ,bracket4 ,etruria ,pott]y ,company4 ,! same arti/'s 8ru/ic10 or 8,pa/oral10 vases 7,fig4 #dce7 illu/rate a diff]5t ord] ( ideas4 ,"h ! surface is cov]$ ) m\ld+s 9 relief1 compos+ a design p>tly sugge/$ by my?ology1 p>tly orig9al4 ,x c>ries u back to ! gold5 age ( ! poets4 ,a female figure1 :i* might be t ( ,flora or ,pros]p9a1 dances to a satyr :o plays a musical in/rum5t4 ,! details are all 9 p]fect h>mony--! danc+ goats1 ! grape-v9es1 ! leaves1 ru/ic wood-"w1 & goat's-head h&les4 ,a ta/eful f9i% is giv5 to ! decoration by a flut+ runn+ r\nd ! upp] "p ( ! neck to ! lip4 ,to produce a good effect1 "w ( ?is k9d1 all 9 relief & uncolor$1 dem&s ! nice/ f9i%1 & a design :i* %all lean nei!r t[>d scant9ess on ! "o h&1 nor ov]load$ ornam5tation on ! o!r4 ,9 bo? respects ,mr4 ,broome has be5 =tunate4 ,! decoration relieves )\t de/roy+ ! f9e outl9e ( ! vase4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dcg4--,p>ian ,vase4 ,etruria ,pott]y ,company4 ,mr4 ,broome's 8,fa%ion0 vases 7,fig4 #dcg7 are embelli%$ ) "s v f9e illu/rations ( ! fa%ions ( a c5tury ago & also ( ! pres5t "t4 ,( ^! ! %apes are exce$+ly qua9t & uncommon1 & ! figures 9 l[ relief are v highly f9i%$4 ,besides ^!1 ,mr4 ,broome has modell$ a great numb] ( ! heads & bu/s :i* h always be5 ! /aple ( work]s 9 p>ian4 ,"s are orig9al1 o!rs are reproductions f ! antique4 ,to ! =m] class belongs an ideal ,cleopatra 7,fig4 #dch74 ,! arti/ has *os5 a full & s5su\s type ( beauty1 va/ly diff]5t f t adopt$ by rec5t pa9t]s :o h v5tur$ to portray ^u canvas ! *>ms :i* melt$ ! /]n ,cs> & enslav$ ,antony4 ,someh[ "o associates ! /yle ( beauty repres5t$ 9 ,mr4 ,broome's bu/ r g5]ally ) ! l& ( ,egypt ?an specially ) ! conque/s ( ,cleopatra4 ,?is may result f a famili>ity ) less tru?ful conceptions1 & 9 t view implies a decid$ m]it4 ,! arti/ has 9 details foll[$ hi/ory z closely z x seems possible = him to h done1 & has wisely pref]r$ /udy & rese>* to giv+ 8 imag9ation a free re94 ,imag9ation1 or an ,am]ican model1 might h l$ him to pres5t a high] type ( beauty1 b nei!r w\ld h l$ him to produce a di/9ctively ,egyptian ,cleopatra4 ,accept+ 8 ideal1 x is work$ out ) unmi/akable tal5t1 & ) ! mo/ pa9/ak+ att5tion to workman%ip4 ,x is unnecess>y to p>ticul>ize f>!r4 ,! ,etruria ,pott]y ,company h made a good beg9n+1 & 9 direct+ ! ef=ts ( _! arti/s x is to be hop$ t !y may n all[ ! comm]cial success ( copies ( ! antique to div]t att5tion f su* works z ^? describ$4 ,! pa/e employ$ is f9e1 compact1 & h>d1 & assumes 9 "s pieces ! cle> & poli%$ appe>ance ( m>ble4 ,its precise composition is n kn[n4 ,! pa/e is1 z 9 ! usual case1 p\r$ 9 a fluid /ate into pla/] m\lds1 :i* absorb ! sup]flu\s wat]4 ,oxides are us$ to v>y ! color ( ! ca/s1 & a numb] ( t9ts ( great delicacy & beauty h be5 secur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dch4--;,cleopatra1 9 ,p>ian4 ,am]ican t]ra-cotta mu/ be briefly dismiss$4 ,at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition an ext5sive assortm5t 0 %[n f works situat$ 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,"o or two mak]s display$ an utt]ly misguid$ ta/e 9 attempt+ some?+ orig9al4 ,o!rs appe>$ to conf9e !mselves to ! well-kn[n ,apollo ,belv$]es1 ,niobes1 & o!r antique subjects4 ,g>d5 vases & ornam5ts 7 m]itori\s z a class2 b :atev] arti/ic "w may be produc$ 9 "s qu>t]s1 9 o!rs art is only budd+1 & w take "s "t be=e x blooms into fl[]4 ,"s excell5t "w 9 t]ra-cotta is execut$ 9 ,philadelphia & ,new ,york1 & has be5 ref]r$ to above4 ,( ! hundr$s ( o!r factories ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry few h done any?+ di/9ctive4 ,"o or two might possibly be m5tion$1 su* z ! ,halm ,art ,pott]y ,company1 ( ,s&y ,hill1 ,new ,york1 :i* are gradually draw+ away f ! commonplace1 & may be expect$1 soon] or lat]1 to possess an arti/ic individuality4 ,among ,ea/]n work%ops may be m5tion$ ^? ( ,bev]ly1 ,portl&1 ,nor? ,cambridge1 & ,*elsea1 ,massa*usetts4 ,a great deal ( ! r$ t]ra-cotta ( ,bev]ly is consum$ by decorative arti/s & /ud5ts4 ,! ,portl& t]ra-cotta is well kn[n bo? = excell5ce ( body & beauty ( %ape4 ,! pa/e is unusually f9e & close 9 texture1 & is excell5t "u ! bru%4 ,! ,nor? ,cambridge e/abli%m5t also turns out w>e ( a high quality4 ,! design+ dep>tm5t is evid5tly "u skilful & compet5t sup]vision1 & ! =ms h an antique grace :i* nev] loses its *>m4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,bev]ly1 ! products ( bo? ^! work%ops are well adapt$ to ! purposes ( ! decorator4 ,*elsea dem&s a l>g] %>e ( our att5tion = /yles ( "w 9 t]ra-cotta unique among ,am]ican products4 ,! e/abli%m5t is at pres5t c>ri$ on by ,rob]tson ,sons1 "u ! "n ( ! 8,*elsea ,k]amic ,art ,works40 ,! firm consi/s ( ,j4 ,rob]tson & 8 two sons1 ,a4 ,w4 ,rob]tson & ,hugh ,c4 ,rob]tson4 ,! work%op 0 f\nd$ on #a/ ,june1 #ahfh1 by ,a4 ,w4 ,rob]tson1 = ! production ( ,engli% br[n-w>e4 ,he 0 jo9$ by 8 bro!r1 & ! *ief w>es made at t "t 7 fancy fl[]-pots4 ,j4 ,rob]tson 0 admitt$ to ! firm by 8 sons on #a/ ,june1 #ahgb1 & af=ds a good in/ance ( ! wide exp]i5ce x is possible to compress into "o lifetime4 ,mr4 ,rob]tson 0 born 9 ,ed9burgh1 ,scotl&1 & fir/ work$ 9 ! ,fife pott]y1 at ,dys>t1 :]e 8 fa!r 0 head workman4 ,he !re acquir$ a k ( modell+ & m\ld-mak+1 & at ! age ( sixte5 0 engag$ by ! ,watsons ( ,pre/onpans1 ,mid-,lo?ian1 !n ! lead+ f9e-w>e factory 9 ,scotl&4 ,he next tri$ ! ,nor? ( ,engl&1 & work$ z modell] & m\ld-mak] at sev]al factories1 ga9+ exp]i5ce & pr(ici5cy1 & ultimately took ! managem5t ( a small r$-w>e pott]y1 :]e he introduc$ bo? :ite & pr9t$ w>e1 8sme>$ black0 & 8lu/r$0 w>e4 ,on leav+1 he tri$ manufactur+ on 8 own acc\nt = a "t1 & !n accept$ ! position ( sup]9t5d5t ( a black-w>e factory at ,nor? ,%ields4 ,he arriv$ 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahec1 & work$ fir/ 9 a factory at ,s\? ,riv]2 !n ) ,mr4 ,j4 ,c>r1 at ,s\? ,amboy1 & aft]w>d at ,?irte5? ,/reet1 ,new ,york2 next ) ,speel]1 ,taylor ,bloor1 at ,tr5ton2 & la/ly z manag] ( ! ,ea/ ,bo/on pott]y4 ,8 next /ep 0 to jo9 8 sons at ,*elsea1 ea* ( :om has _h a m or less v>i$ c>e]1 & is exp]t 9 at lea/ "o bran* ( ! bus9ess4 ,s9ce ! e/abli%m5t 0 op5$1 a great _m exp]im5tal pieces h be5 made ( diff]5t mat]ials1 sizes1 & %apes4 ,:at are kn[n z por\s cones 7 made "s "t ago = *emical purposes1 & are ( s op5 a body t ! brea? c be drawn ?r\gh !m ) ease4 ,we h already se5 t ,j]sey ,city claims ?is discov]y4 ,! cr$it is probably due to bo?1 z !y appe> to h arriv$ at ! same result by indep5d5t c\rses4 ,"w ( a m purely arti/ic "* 0 tri$ ab\t eight ye>s ago1 b1 comm]cially speak+1 )\t success4 ,a second attempt 0 made 9 #ahgc1 & ! production has be5 cont9u$ d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,! arti/s & collectors ( ,bo/on soon discov]$ c]ta9 qualities 9 ! ,*elsea pott]s & _! works des]v+ recognition4 ,!y may possibly h rea*$ ! conviction t ,*elsea is to be numb]$ among ! places :]e arti/s value _! "w solely accord+ to its tru?1 excell5ce1 & beauty4 ,)\t affect+ to disreg>d comm]cial consid]ations1 !y succe$ 9 giv+ _! art ! prec$5ce4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 a matt] ( surprise ei!r t !y %\ld h conv9c$ a section ( ! public t ,*elsea c d noble s]vice 9 ! cause ( ,am]ican art1 or t _m excell5t works %\ld be> its m>k4 ,allusion may fir/1 h[ev]1 be made to c]ta9 matt]s ) :i* ! ,rob]tsons all[ _! att5tion to be div]t$ f m s]i\s pursuits4 ,!y h be5 inspir$ by ,d\lton's treatm5t ( /one-w>e to make c]ta9 small pieces ( f9e e>!n-w>e ( a gray color fa9tly t+$ ) blue1 & v brilliantly glaz$4 ,! decoration consi/s ( incis$ designs4 ,! pieces d n be> a v close resemblance to ,d\lton w>e1 b are 9 !mselves decid$ly attractive4 ,! ,rob]tsons1 hav+ ma/]$ ! fundam5tal secret ( ! ,havil& process1 viz41 ( apply+ ! colors ^u ! unbak$ clay1 h1 9 ! second place1 br\ght out a few pieces aft] ! /yle ( ! ,limoges fai5ce4 ,_! success "h is limit$ by a palette :i* mu/ be consid]ably enri*$ be=e ! effects ( ! ,fr5* w>e are rea*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dci4--;,*elsea 7,rob]tson7 ,t]ra-cotta4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddj4--;,*elsea 7,rob]tson7 ,t]ra-cotta4 ,! be/ ,*elsea works are 9 r$ & :ite unglaz$ e>!n-w>e4 ,( ^! we give two illu/rations 7,figs4 #dci & #ddj74 ,"s ( ! =ms are orig9al1 & o!rs are aft] ! ,greek1 ,italian1 & o!r types4 ,! decoration consi/s ( designs grav$ 9 ! pa/e1 ( m\ld+s 9 relief1 & ( c>v+s 9 relief4 ,! application ( m\ld$ ornam5ts to ! surface has be5 practis$ 9 all ages1 & ! ,*elsea "w does n dem& special comm5t1 al?\gh _m ( ! designs are attractive & simple4 ,! c>v+ 9 relief belongs to a diff]5t ord] ( "w4 ,in/ead ( be+ m\ld$1 ! ornam5tation ( leaves or fl[]s is c>v$ out ( clay laid ^u ! surface ( ! vase :ile /ill moi/ f ! h&s ( ! ?r[]4 ,! effect is simil> to t obta9$ by m\ld+s1 b ! "w is f9]1 ! details m highly f9i%$1 & ! outl9es %>p] & cle>]4 ,( ! designs 9 ^! & ! pieces decorat$ ) m\ld+s1 ! be/ are ^? 9 :i* leaves ei!r lie across ! vase or =m a calyx f :i* x rises upw>d4 ,! abs5ce ( color all[s ! att5tion to re/ solely ^u ! fidelity ) :i* e detail is r5d]$4 ,if ?is be ! quality ( "w ) :i* ! ,rob]tsons te/$ ,am]ican ta/e eight ye>s ago1 x is n easy to und]/& :y !y did n succe$4 ,,porcela94 ,philadelphia4--,william ,ellis ,tuck]4--,b5n+ton4--,j]sey ,city4--,gre5po9t4--,decorat+ ,e/abli%m5ts4--,metal & ,porcela94 ,! hi/ory ( ,am]ican porcela9 is necess>ily brief4 ,! impetus t[>d ! high] bran*es ( ! art1 emanat+ f ,europe1 9 due "t rea*$ ^! %ores4 ,x affect$ ! rapidly develop+ ent]prise ( ! citiz5 ( ! "y ,republic1 & t\*$ 8 fai? 9 ! va/ & v>i$ res\rces ( 8 c\ntry4 ,previ\s to ! a*ievem5t ( indep5d5ce1 h[ev]1 & dur+ ! e>ly colonial int]c\rse ) ,engl&1 an incid5t occasionally transpir$ n )\t int]e/ 9 our n>rative4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,*aff]s di$ 9 ,liv]pool1 & 8 porcela9 e/abli%m5t 0 clos$1 _m ( 8 workm5 came to ?is c\ntry4 ,9 #agga x 0 report$ 9 ,engl& t a l>ge *9a manufactory 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,philadelphia1 :]e 8bett] *9a cups & sauc]s are made ?an at ,b[ or ,/rat=d40 ,x may a/oni% _m :o are n acqua9t$ ) any?+ 9 ,am]ican c]amics beyond ! competitive _s :i* rules ! bus9ess1 to f9d t m ?an a c5tury ago x _h left ,engl& beh9d 9 ! race6 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dda4--,philadelphia ,natural ,porcela94 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,new ,york ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,!re appe>s to be no long] any d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( a porcela9 factory 9 ,philadelphia ab\t ! ye> #aggj1 & t1 !re=e1 ! report allud$ to above 0 8f\nd$ on fact40 ,adv]tisem5ts h be5 discov]$ :i* g f> t[>d settl+ ! "q4 ,!y promise "w equal to t ( ,b[1 & are !re=e 9 all probability ! basis ( ! rumor above m5tion$1 :i* 0 curr5t 9 ,engl& a ye> lat]4 ,h[ long ! works 7 c>ri$ on is n kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddb4--,philadelphia ,natural ,porcela94 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,new ,york ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,! next porcela9 v5ture 0 made 9 ! same city1 betwe5 #ahaf & #ahcj1 by ,william ,ellis ,tuck]4 ,tuck] began z a decorator1 &1 aft] a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 made fir/ a non-transluc5t w>e ( good quality1 & !n natural porcela9 7,figs4 #dda & #ddb74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddc4--;,b5n+ton ,artificial ,porcela94 7,trumbull-,prime ,coll41 ,new ,york ,metropolitan ,museum47 ,8 works 7 orig9ally situat$ beh9d 8 fa!r's *9a /ore 9 ,m>ket ,/reet1 & aft]w>d at ! corn] ( ,m>ket1 ,s*uylkill1 & ,front /reets4 ,"o s]i\s imp$im5t to success 0 a trea*]\s workman1 :o did all he c\ld to fru/rate 8 employ]'s design4 ,8 fir/ exp]im5t 0 to cut ! h&les (f ! pieces :5 plac+ !m 9 ! kiln4 ,8 next 0 to wa% ! segg>s ) felsp>1 :i* melt$ 9 ! kiln & fa/5$ ! w>es to ! bottom ( ! segg>s4 ,:5 ,tuck] fir/ made porcela9 = ! m>ket is n record$1 b 9 #ahbg he 0 honor$ ) a silv] m$al by ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute ( ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,"s "t prior to ,tuck]'s dea?1 9 #ahcb1 ,judge ,hemphill _h be5 admitt$ z p>tn]1 & subsequ5tly c>ri$ on ! factory1 9 connection ) ,?omas ,tuck]1 a bro!r ( ! f\nd]1 = a few ye>s4 ,he !n sold out4 ,?omas took ! works 9 h& alone 9 #ahcg1 & kept !m runn+ = ab\t a ye>1 :5 ! production ceas$4 ,! products ( ! factory 7 *iefly table w>es4 ,! pa/e & glaze 7 bo? excell5t1 b ! =m & decoration w\ld n p]mit ( competition ) import$ *9a4 ,! work%op w5t d[n = want ( public support1 & also on acc\nt ( ! alleg$ impossibility ( secur+ ! s]vices ( skill$ arti/s4 ,we h already se5 t ,lyman ,f5ton conjo9$ ! mak+ ( artificial porcela9 7,fig4 #ddc7 ) t ( pott]y at ,b5n+ton1 ,v]mont4 ,?is factory is *iefly rem>kable z ! fir/ f :i* figures 9 biscuit 7 turn$ out4 ,we h also notic$ ! ,j]sey ,city ent]prise ( ,h5d]son ,co4 ,sev]al attempts to produce porcela9 7 made at ,gre5po9t1 ,long ,isl&4 ,9 #ahdh1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,c>talege met ) "s success 9 ! manufacture ( knobs & buttons1 b 9 no table w>e4 ,altoge!r x is probable t ab\t a doz5 diff]5t e/abli%m5ts 7 f\nd$ = ! purpose ( inaugurat+ ! manufacture ( a native porcela94 ,!y g5]ally succe$$ 9 mak+ a few pieces1 & !n /opp$ = lack ( patronage4 ,! honor ( fir/ e/abli%+ ! indu/ry ^u a successful basis1 & ( turn+ out a comm]cial w>e1 is to be ascrib$ to ,mr4 ,?omas ,c4 ,smi?1 ( ! ,union ,porcela9 ,works1 ,gre5po9t4 ,mr4 ,smi? is an ,am]ican1 ^: ance/ors arriv$ 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago4 ,he 0 br\ght up z a me*anic1 & fir/ w5t into ! porcela9 manufacture 9 #aheg1 "u a company compos$ ( a numb] ( ,g]mans :o _h />t$ ! bus9ess ab\t ?ree ye>s previ\sly4 ,at ?is "t sev]al small kilns exi/$ 9 ,gre5po9t1 l t ( ,c>talege1 = ! purpose ( mak+ door-knobs & o!r h>dw>e trimm+s4 ,! pa/e !n us$ 0 comp\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! ,engli% artificial pa/e1 & conta9$ a l>ge proportion ( burn$ bones or phosphate ( lime4 ,?is 0 ! composition us$ by ! ,g]mans ) :om ,mr4 ,smi? connect$ himself4 ,^! ,g]mans1 ?r\gh di%one/y & want ( k ( ! bus9ess1 soon br\ght ! conc]n into tr\ble1 f :i* ,mr4 ,smi? tri$ to extricate x by act+ z manag] = a "t1 b ! d]angem5t & pro/ration ( trade1 caus$ by ! outbreak ( ! ,civil ,w>1 compell$ ! company to w9d up its affairs4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 be+ ! l>ge/ cr$itor1 became ! pur*as]1 8 int5tion be+ to br+ ! porcela9 ent]prise to an end1 & make ! prop]ty available = "s o!r purpose4 ,meantime he w5t abroad4 ,at ! "t :5 ! second battle ( ,bull ,run 0 f\ght he 0 9 ,france1 & x 0 !re ! idea grew ^u him t !re 0 a good opportunity = e/abli%+ ! porcela9 bus9ess 9 8 native c\ntry4 ,s complete 0 ! *ange 9 ! =mation ( 8 plans1 t he imm$iately turn$ 8 att5tion to mak+ su* inquiries z might subs]ve 8 purpose1 among ! great work%ops ( ,france & ,engl&4 ,:5 he return$ home1 8 int5tion ( ab&on+ ! manufacture ( porcela9 disappe>$1 & he decid$ to emb>k anew4 ,! exp]im5ts :i* foll[$ 7 att5d$ ) mu* anxiety4 ,up to ,novemb]1 #ahfc1 ! old bone body _h be5 reta9$2 b 9 #ahfd ,mr4 ,smi? /opp$ us+ x1 & direct$ 8 att5tion solely to ! production ( a natural kaol9ic porcela9 l t ( ,*9a or ,meiss54 ,8 exp]im5ts ext5d$ ov] ab\t two ye>s4 ,! fir/ pieces 7 unev5 & ! vitrification 0 incomplete4 ,?is arose f an ignorance ( ! correct composition requir$ = success4 ,f>!r trials 7 m enc\rag+1 & 9 #ahfe he succe$$ 9 mak+ a pla9 :ite-w>e1 :i* he c\ld place ^u ! m>ket4 ,mr4 ,smi? prides himself ^u "o fact1 t1 unlike any "o ( ! ,european e/abli%m5ts1 f t ( ,flor5ce d[nw>d1 he succe$$ )\t aid ei!r f a weal?y patron or f gov]nm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddd4--;,c5tury ,vase4 ,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,9 #ahff he fir/ began to decorate1 ) "o ,engli% & "o ,g]man arti/4 ,by avail+ himself ( odd fragm5ts ( in=mation1 he n only improv$ 8 decoration1 b discov]$ "s ,european usages1 ! preval5ce ( :i* he _h n suspect$4 ,"o ( ^! 0 t ,dresd5 w>e 0 s5t 9 l>ge quantities to ,engl& to be decorat$1 & 0 aft]w>d return$ to ,dresd5 & sold z ,meiss5 w>e4 ,on "o occasion he b\ght 9 ,europe a ,meiss5 porcela9 cup decorat$ ) blue1 r$1 & gold4 ,on return+ home1 he broke ! cup1 & put "o ( ! pieces 9 8 porcela9 furnace1 to see if ! colors w\ld /& ! heat to :i* 8 own 7 expos$4 ,:5 x 0 )drawn ! r$ _h disappe>$1 a ?91 almo/ imp]ceptible l9e 0 all t 0 left ( ! gilt1 & ! blue _h run into /reaks & blot*es4 ,?is little exp]im5t taught him t he 0 cont5d+ ) difficulties1 9 fir+ 8 colors1 :i* ,european mak]s _h n ?\ght x necess>y to meet4 ,t he has succe$$ is m>k$ by ! ext5sion ( 8 works1 :i* cov] ab\t an acre ( gr\nd1 & give employm5t to ab\t "o hundr$ & sev5ty p4 ,all 8 porcela9 is decorat$ by 8 own arti/s4 ,mr4 ,k>l ,mll] is ! *ief design] & modell]1 & br+s a long exp]i5ce z a sculptor to be> ^u 8 /udies 9 clay4 ,he is a ,g]man1 ^: art education 0 ma9ly acquir$ 9 ,p>is "u ! tuition ( ! able/ arti/s ( ,europe4 ,8 pr$ilection = ! pott]'s art l$ him to associate himself ) ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,be=e do+ s1 9 #ahgd1 he modell$ ?ree t]ra-cotta figures ( base-ball play]s1 9 diff]5t attitudes sugge/ive ( a?letic activity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dde4--8,kramos0 ,vase4 ,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddf4--;,gre5po9t ,biscuit ,porcela94 ,! +r$i5ts ( ,gre5po9t porcela9 are ! kaol9s ( ,cornwall1 ,delaw>e1 ,p5nsylvania1 & ,georgia2 felsp> f ,ma9e & ,connecticut2 & qu>tz1 also f ,connecticut4 ,^! are comp\nd$ accord+ to ! purpose = :i* ! pa/e is to be us$4 ,9 t = table w>e ! proportions are3 kaol91 #cg2 felsp>1 #cc2 qu>tz1 #cj4 ,= ! glaze3 felsp>1 #ae2 lime1 #ae2 kaol91 #ab2 qu>tz & brok5 porcela91 #eh4 ,! pa/e made into h>dw>e trimm+s conta9s a great] proportion ( ,am]ican kaol9 ?an t = table w>e4 ,z to ! m]its ( ! latt] x is ?us spok5 ( by ,m4 ,*4 de ,bussy1 f ^: (ficial report we h already quot$3 8,! porcela9 ( ,gre5po9t is second to none 9 quality ( pa/e & h>dness ( glaze4 ,mo/ ( ! articles are heavy1 & may be comp>$ 9 =m ) t :i* 9 ,fr5* comm]ce is kn[n z limonade3 we h1 h[ev]1 se5 ?9n] pieces1 su* z tea & c(fee cups1 well made1 & :i* w\ld figure honorably among ! productions ( ,europe 7bi5 fabriques1 et qui p\rrai5t figur] honorablem5t p>mi les productions d',europe740 ,mr4 ,k>l ,mll]'s fir/ "w ( art 0 a 8,c5tury ,vase0 7,fig4 #ddd71 design$ by ,mr4 ,smi? = ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition4 ,bison heads =m ! h&les2 m$allions decorate ! front & back1 & bel[ !m is a belt ( gold ) small bison1 walrus1 ram1 & o!r animal heads arrang$ at int]vals4 ,! base is surr\nd$ by a s]ies ( m$allions or panels1 repres5t+1 9 :ite relief1 ,indians1 a soldi] ( ! ,revolution>y era1 ! ,tea ,sc5e 9 ,bo/on ,h>bor1 & o!r hi/orical incid5ts4 ,! body is pa9t$ 9 blue1 r$1 & gold4 ,! arti/ic "* ( ! vase c be suffici5tly /udi$ 9 ! engrav+4 ,! decoration1 x w be obs]v$1 consi/s 9 "p ( pa9t+s on ! flat1 & 9 "p ( ! reliefs already m5tion$1 :i* give a mean+ to ! di/9ctive title1 8,c5tury ,vase10 *os5 = ! piece4 ,x illu/rates ! national progress ( a c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddg4--8,song ( ! ,%irt40 ,gre5po9t ,biscuit ,porcela94 ,:5 ,mr4 ,longfell[ wrote 8 poem 8,kramos10 x is h>dly probable t he contemplat$ ! possibility ( supply+ a subject to ! art ( :i* he sang4 ,! poet wrote ( ! pott]1 & ! pott] has illu/rat$ 8 song4 ,! poem _h no soon] appe>$ ?an x 0 made ! gr\ndwork ( an illu/rative vase 7,fig4 #dde74 ,z 9 ! 8,c5tury ,vase0 hi/ory is repres5t$ by p]iods & lead+ ev5ts1 s 9 ! 8,kramos0 vase ! hi/ory ( c]amic art is repres5t$ by ! lead+ contributions to its cont9u\s progress4 ,9 panels on ! base ! pott]s ( all ages are se5 at "w--,egyptian1 ,greek1 & mod]n4 ,above ^!1 on ! body1 are reliefs illu/rative ( ! pott]y ( ,p]u1 ,italy1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,engl&1 & o!r c\ntries4 ,z we turn x r\nd1 ! advance ( c]amic art is se5 z 9 a diorama1 & amid/ ! v>i\s sc5es appe>s 9 relief ! bu/ ( ! poet ^: song inspir$ ! "w4 ,! =m ( ! vase is s+ul>1 simple1 & sev]e1 b well suit$ to ! arti/'s treatm5t ( 8 subject4 ,its rigidity is consid]ably s(t5$ by ! qua9t1 project+ feet & ! figures !y support1 & by ! decoration surr\nd+ ! fl>+ top4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddh4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,among ! o!r productions ( ,gre5po9t is a s]ies ( /atuettes1 gr\ps1 & animal figures1 :i* 7 fir/ made 9 a non-transluc5t h>d clay1 ( a light b w>m br[n or buff1 & aft]w>d 9 porcela9 biscuit4 ,! mat]ial fir/ us$ is d5se & non-vitrify+1 m ne>ly resembl+ t]ra-cotta ?an p>ian4 ,x is well suit$ to ! production ( /atuettes & gr\ps1 9 ! modell+ ( :i* unmi/akable tal5t & orig9ality are display$4 ,we c 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 bett] p]haps ?an 9 any o!r1 appreciate ! _s p]meat+ ! design+-room at ! ,union ,works4 ,! rule appe>s to be to /udy ! antique1 b in/ead ( copy+ or reproduc+ ! works ( ! anci5ts1 to foll[ _! example 9 *oos+ subjects f ! e-day life ( ! arti/'s own "t4 ,we n[h]e see a copy ( anci5t /atu>y or feel a brea? ( borr[$ inspiration4 ,e subject is tak5 f mod]n lit]ature1 or f life 9 ,am]ica 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,"o piece 7,fig4 #ddg7 has "u x ! words 8,/it*6 /it*6 /it*60 & pres5ts u ) a s(t5$ illu/ration ( ,hood's poem4 ,we say 8s(t5$10 because ! arti/ has pref]r$--wisely or n we w n n[ det]m9e--to tone d[n ! unutt]able mis]y ( ! picture1 9 :i* ! 8woman sat 9 unwomanly rags1 ply+ h] ne$le & ?read40 ,! unspok5 we>9ess & m+l$ long+ & resignation are "h1 b ! squalor & wret*$ pov]ty are r sugge/$ by ! brok5 box ^u :i* ! ne$le-woman sits1 ?an =c$ ^u our notice4 ,if we accept :at 0 evid5tly ! arti/'s work+ canon1 t ! lit]al realization ( human wret*$ness has no place 9 art1 !n we mu/ also accept ! "w z a fitt+ c\nt]p>t to t ( ! poet4 ,9 any case ! conception is praisewor?y1 & ! execution skilful4 ,ano!r gr\p 0 sugge/$ by ,poe's 8,rav530 8,& my s\l f out t %ad[ t lies float+ on ! floor ,%all be lift$--nev]more60 ,! bu/ ( ,pallas /&s1 ) ! rav5 on its %\ld]1 ^u a p$e/al1 9 front ( :i* lies a veil$ figure4 ,! piece is1 we h said1 sugge/$ by ! poem1 ( :i* x is 9 no s5se a lit]al int]pretation4 ,a ?ird gr\p consi/s ( a nude boy & dog1 & tells its little /ory tru?fully & =cibly4 ,! attitudes & modell+ are alike excell5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ddi4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dej4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 7,e4 ,bi]/adt ,coll47 ,o!r pieces1 su* z a procession ( frogs & turtles ) %\ld]$ 8pit*]-plants10 illu/rate ! humor\s side ( ! arti/'s g5ius 7,fig4 #ddh74 ,! subject appe>s to be a favorite "o1 z we f9d x v>i\sly treat$ 9 porcela9 also4 ,! o!r /atuettes p>ticul>ly des]v+ ( notice are a /one-mason1 two firem5--"o ( ! old regime & "o ( ! new--& a bu/ ( ,=re/ z ,william ,tell4 ,^! specim5s w suffice1 ) :at 0 said above1 to indicate ! direction 9 :i* ?is bran* ( art at ,gre5po9t is be+ ext5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dea4--,poets' ,pit*]4 ,gre5po9t ,biscuit ,porcela94 ,!re has yet to be consid]$ ! /aple product ( ! ,union ,works1 viz41 its h\sehold porcela94 ,! pa/e is1 z we h se51 ( good quality1 & ! manufactur$ w>e is /rong & s]viceable4 ,"o ( ! great ob/acles 9 ! way ( ! success ( o!r ent]prises--! lack ( skill$ arti/s--,mr4 ,smi? has ov]come1 & n[ employs a numb] ( decorators ^: "w augurs well = ! cont9u$ prosp]ity ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,we h se5 "o set 7,fig4 #ddi71 compos$ ( a circul> tray1 sug>-b[l1 milk-pit*]1 & teacups1 :i* is entirely praisewor?y 9 bo? design & workman%ip4 ,! prevail+ color is lav5d]1 into :i* are wr\ght1 9 ! =m ( birds & fl[]s1 delicate t9ts ( blue & yell[4 ,! effect ( ! :ole is s(t & pleas+1 & is height5$ by ! graceful design ( ! pieces1 & ! f9e transluc5t body ^u :i* ! decoration is laid4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #deb4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,we _c "h po9t to any /yle z be+ p>ticul>ly di/9ctive ( ! work%op4 ,! ta/e ( ! decorators is broad & ca?olic4 ,:ite reliefs are occasionally us$ ) f9e effect 9 ! ornam5tation ( pit*]s & cups4 ,"o ( ! latt] %[s :ite figures 9 relief ^u pale gr\nds4 ,! cup is ( a v graceful %ape1 & a m9iature ,columbia support$ by an eagle =ms ! h&le4 ,a pit*] 9 biscuit 7,fig4 #dea7 is surr\nd$ by heads ( di/+ui%$ poets 9 relief4 ,9 ?is case also ! %ape is excell5t1 & ! m\ld+s1 includ+ ! subsidi>y decoration1 are admirably f9i%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dec4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,view ( ,memorial ,hall4 ,! pa9t+ ^u "s ( ! plates is des]v+ ( p>ticul> notice4 ,!y c only be ref]r$ to individually1 z we h se5 t no lead+ /yle has be5 adopt$ "u :i* !y c\ld be treat$ ( collectively4 ,!re is no uni=mity ei!r 9 ! m]it ( ! designs or decorations4 ,"o has = c5tre-piece a view ( ,memorial ,hall 7,fig4 #dec71 &1 set 9 a rim ( deep crimson1 oval m$allions ) simil> views4 ,! draw+ is v c>eful1 & ! colors well assort$4 ,on ano!r /yle a fl[] or a f]n cov]s ! bottom & falls ^u ! rim1 :i* has no o!r decoration4 ,o!rs h views ( a w9dmill 7,fig4 #dee71 a cottage emb[]$ 9 foliage pa9t$ 9 mono*rome1 or fruit4 ,9 "s we f9d delicacy1 & 9 o!rs ! "w ( a bru% unaccu/om$ to se>* = subtleties ( t9t or ! m ref9$ expression ( :i* color is capable4 ,=tunately ! latt] are ! exception & ! =m] ! rule4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ded4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,to exam9e ! me?ods ( ! arti/s ( ,gre5po9t1 ! plate 7,fig4 #deb7 may be ref]r$ to4 ,! fl[]s =m+ its decoration may be f\nd by almo/ any c\ntry roadside4 ,ga!r$ z !y grew1 !y 7 tak5 to ! decorat+-room1 & 7 !re transf]r$ to porcela94 ,ap>t altoge!r f ! arti/ic result1 !re is a pr9ciple 9 su* a mann] ( seek+ designs des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,japan ! secret ( ! inf9ite v>iety ( art lies 9 ! close sympa?y betwe5 ! arti/ & nature4 ,he turns to 8 promptress on all occasions = inspiration & sugge/ion4 ,x mu/ be s ev]y:]e4 ,! b\ndless weal? ( =m & color f\nd 9 nature conf]s an equally b\ndless v>iety ^u ! art 9 :i* x is reflect$4 ,! conv5tional is limit$ by human +5uity3 ! natural has no limit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dee4--;,gre5po9t ,porcela94 ,pa9t$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,falcon]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #def4--;,engli% ,porcela94 ,decorat$ by ,mrs4 ,hoyt4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,z a f9al example ( table w>e let u in/ance a plate 7,fig4 #ded7 decorat$ 9 gold1 blue1 r$1 gre51 yell[1 & p9k1 s sp>+ly t only a close exam9ation br+s out ! real ri*ness ( ! color+4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! decoration lies entirely ^u ! rim1 ) ! exception ( two circles ( gold & blue4 ,! design consi/s ( cross$ bran*es pa9t$ 9 blue & gold1 ) insects & brightly fea!r$ birds4 ,! effect is exce$+ly s(t1 ! delicacy ( ! colors be+ z pleas+ to ! eye z x is satisfactory 9 po9t ( ta/e4 ,! m>k ( ! ,gre5po9t porcela9 is an eagle's head ) ! lett] ,s--! manufactur]'s initial--?r\gh ! beak4 ,besides ! manufactur]s & ! arti/s employ$ 9 _! e/abli%m5ts1 _m p]sons make a bus9ess ( decorat+ e>!n-w>e & porcela91 & )9 ! pa/ few ye>s _m m h be5 attract$ to ?is bran* ( art4 ,x is regul>ly taught by two ,new ,york in/itutions1 ! ,decorative ,art ,society & ! ,ladies' ,art ,association1 & has _m devotees bo? 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,mu* ( ! "w execut$ by ^! arti/s is highly cr$itable2 & !re is a great deal t nev] rea*es ! public eye1 :i* is m>k$ by bo? delicacy & orig9ality4 ,"o ( ! regul> pr(essional e/abli%m5ts is t ( ,w>r9 ,lycett1 ( ,new ,york4 ,! example "h giv5 7,fig4 #deg7 is ,j]sey ,city e>!n-w>e1 & 0 pa9t$ by ,mr4 ,w>r91 :o has _h an exp]i5ce ( ab\t fifte5 ye>s z a decorator4 ,! colors are bright1 & are v happily bl5d$4 ,! gr\nd is a %ade ( light gre51 & ! fl[]s are pa9t$ 9 _! natural colors4 ,at ?is work%op success 0 rea*$ "s "t ago 9 a v delicate op]ation1 t ( transf]r+ photographs to porcela94 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #deg4--;,j]sey ,city ,e>!n-w>e4 ,decorat$ by ,w>r94 ,mr4 ,john ,b5nett1 =m]ly ! ,director ( ! ,fai5ce ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,d\lton factory at ,lambe?1 has )9 ! pa/ ye> settl$ 9 ,new ,york1 & is n[ turn+ out decorat$ fai5ce aft] ! /yles se5 9 ! ,engli% orig9al4 ,he uses import$ ,lambe? biscuit1 & has erect$ a kiln 9 connection ) 8 /udio = fir+ ! decoration4 ,x is 8 int5tion1 9 c\rse ( "t1 to use ,am]ican clays1 9 ord] to obviate ! necessity ( import+ biscuit1 & at ! same "t to obta9 new %apes made aft] 8 own designs4 ,among 8 be/ gr\nd colors are pale yell[1 pale blue1 & a ri* br[n t+$ ) r$4 ,! latt] is v effectively us$ ) leaves & fl[]s drawn ov] ! piece 9 %ades ( gre5 & yell[4 ,all ,b5nett's pieces h an ev5 & brilliant glaze4 ,aft] :at has be5 said ( ,lambe? fai5ce1 no attempt ne$ "h be made to *>act]ize ! art repres5t$ by ?is w>e4 ,x w be1 z inde$ x des]ves to be1 admir$2 & ,am]ica ought to be congratulat$ ^u ! acquisition ( s good a repres5tative ( ! ,lambe? s*ool ( decorators4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #deh4--;,b5nett ,fai5ce4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,! tile-piece at ! op5+ ( ! book devot$ to ,am]ica 7page #cia7 0 pa9t$ by ,mr4 ,f4 ,t4 ,vance1 ( ,new ,york4 ,! draw+ is excell5t1 & ! design is orig9al & decid$ly m]itori\s4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! figures gives a life to ?is & o!r pieces by ! same arti/ entirely lack+ 9 ! /yles ( tile-pa9t+1 :i* consi/ ( a repetition on ea* tile ( ! same design1 or ( v>i$ b indep5d5t designs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dei4--;,b5nett ,fai5ce4 7,d4 ,collamore47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dfj4--,lambe? ,fai5ce4 ,decorat$ by ,b5nett4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dfa4--,plate ,pa9t$ by ,mr4 ,john ,m4 ,falcon]4 ,mr4 ,john ,m4 ,falcon]1 ( ,brooklyn1 is an arti/ :o has devot$ himself v successfully to c]amic decoration4 ,"s ( 8 designs on ,gre5po9t porcela9 7see ,fig4 #dee7 are v pleas+1 & ! color+ is *a/e & well h&l$4 ,a m ambiti\s "w is t giv5 bel[ 7,fig4 #dfa71 an appropriate w$d+-gift to an arti/'s daught]4 ,! di/ance t[>d :i* ! bride & groom are walk+ is rose-hu$1 & ! *ur*-spire & foliage p>take ( ! effect4 ,roses are /rewn along ! pa?4 ,a heavy knott$ :ite sa% =ms a curta9 & encloses ! sc5e4 ,above1 9 a lunette ( d>k blue bord]$ ) :ite pe>ls1 is a gold5-hair$ ,cupid hold+ a box ( w$d+-cake1 ) ! names ( ! lady & g5tleman on ! lid4 ,! bord] ( ! plate is a deep flat p9k1 ) a n>r[ out] l9e ( :ite4 ,! plate is rem>kable bo? z a "w ( art & = ! delicate mann] 9 :i*1 z a gift1 x conveys ! congratulations & good wi%es ( ! giv]4 ,"s ( 8 works1 besides ! "o above allud$ to1 are 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,smi?2 & o!rs1 bo? 9 camaeu & poly*rome1 are entitl$ & own$ z foll[s3 8,indep5d5ce ,hall10 ,rev4 ,morgan ,dix1 ,d4,d42 8,! ,old ,clo?+ ,/ore1 ,bo/on10 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,f4 ,blake2 8,alb]t ,dur]'s ,h\se10 & 8,! ,olde/ ,h\se 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri10 ,*>les ,br[n1 ,troy1 ,new ,york2 8,%akspe>e's ,h\se10 ,edw>d ,gre51 ,new ,york2 8,a ,smoke ,fancy10 8,autumn1 ,montclair1 ,new ,j]sey10 8,*ur* at ,we/ ,po9t10 8,moonlit ,lake10 ,a>on ,vail1 ,jr41 ,troy1 ,new ,york2 8,cresc5t ,moon10 ,john ,gale1 ,esq42 8,kille>n ,manse1 ,scotl&10 ,hon4 ,m4 ,b4 ,macleay1 ,new ,york2 8,! ,old ,t[]1 ,newport10 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,p4 ,av]y2 8,across ! ,wat]10 ,f4 ,a4 ,bridgman1 ,p>is2 8,at ,montreal10 ,george ,h4 ,b\ghton1 ,london2 8,at ,wilm+ton1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a10 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,p4 ,:itehead1 ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey2 8,old ,ca/le1 ,sunset10 ,alfr$ ,jones1 ,yonk]s1 ,new ,york2 8,! ,philosoph]10 ,rev4 ,l4 ,l4 ,noble1 ,ann&ale1 ,new ,york2 8,moonlight10 ,*>les ,p>sons1 ,montclair1 ,new ,j]sey2 l&scape1 & a set ( two blue & "o yell[ vases1 ,hon4 ,george ,b4 ,w>r51 ,jr41 ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,falcon] has ! advantages ( a cultivat$ ta/e & well-tra9$ skill to help him w9 su* a reputation z might induce him to sub/itute1 ev5 to a great] ext5t ?an at pres5t1 porcela9 or pott]y = ! m p]i%able canvas4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dfb4--,limoges ,porcela9 & ,silv]4 7,re$ ,b>ton1 ,n4 ,y47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dfc4--;,copel& ,porcela9 & ,silv]4 7,re$ ,b>ton1 ,n4 ,y47 ,!re rema9s to be notic$ an arti/ic comb9ation 9 :i*1 al?\gh x has long be5 practis$ 9 ,europe1 ,am]ican workm5 h rec5tly succe$$ 9 produc+ exceptionally f9e effects4 ,ref]5ce is made to ! comb9ation ( metal & porcela94 ,we h se5 ) pleasure sl5d] & exquisitely wr\ght /&s ( silv] & gold1 9 :i* delicately pa9t$ ,fr5* porcela9 di%es & bas9s are conv]t$ into c>d-receiv]s1 fl[]-/&s1 & fruit-di%es4 ,a great deal ( ta/e c be display$ 9 ! selection ( colors to suit ! metal1 z well z 9 ! deep] h>mony :i* reproduces 9 silv] or gold ! fl[] /ems on ! porcela94 ,*9ese porcela91 9 ri* colors--gre51 p9k1 & blue--is simil>ly treat$4 ,pieces ( ! ,gre5 family are ta/efully set 9 silv] & gold1 ! m\ld+s on ! b&s ( metal correspond+ ) ! pa9t$ bord]s ( ! porcela94 ,f su* specim5s ( a d\ble art we turn to o!rs less ri*1 b sc>cely less attractive4 ,fai5ce vases are m\nt$ 9 bronze & brightly burni%$ brass1 & d]ive a new "* f ! association4 ,works ( ?is class %[ t1 :ile x is possible to def9e ! limits ( ! field peculi> to c]amic art1 its place 9 h\sehold decoration _c be specifi$ ) equal precision4 ,already x has ent]$ into effective alliances ) ! arts ( ! silv]smi?1 goldsmi?1 ! work]s 9 ! bas] metals1 ( ! enamell]1 ! c>v]1 & ! cab9et-mak]4 ,9 ^! sev]al relations x is n n[ int5d$ to foll[ x f>!r4 ,!y w\ld lead to ! consid]ation ( _m arts ess5tially di/9ct1 & z =eign to ea* o!r z to t ^: hi/ory has l$ u f ! sun-dri$ bricks ( ,egypt to ! porcela9 ( ,gre5po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dfd4--,worce/] ,porcela9 & ,silv]4 7,j4 ,w4 ,britton ,coll47 ,,index4 ,abaquesne1 ,m>reot1 #bha4 ,abraham1 ,copel&'s director1 #chc4 ,abubek]1 #aia4 ,adam1 director at ,v9c5nes1 #cad4 ,adobes1 #cif4 ,africa1 #bac1 #baf1 #bag1 #bda4 ,agap5or1 #bja4 8,agate0 w>e1 #cfa4 ,ago/9o1 assi/ant ( ,luca della ,robbia1 #bec1 #bfc4 ,agyllos1 #bda4 ,ahriman1 #aij4 ,a9os1 #afc4 ,akai1 #afa4 ,alaba/ros1 #bbe4 ,alambra1 #bjc4 ,albany slip1 #deg4 ,alcora1 #bci4 ,al5on1 #ec1 #cag4 ,alex&] ! ,great1 #aij1 #bjj4 ,alg]ia1 #baf4 ,alhambra1 #bce1 #bcf1 #bdg4 ,ali1 #aia4 ,alluaud1 director at ,limoges1 #cba4 ,amasis1 #bjj4 ,ama?us1 #bja1 #bjd4 ,amazon1 tribes on1 #dag4 ,ambrosio1 son ( ,&rea della ,robbia1 #bec4 ,am]ica1 #cia-dhg 7see ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 ,m\nd-build]s1 ,indians1 ,unit$ ,/ates74 ,am]ican *9a1 #dfc4 ,am]ican clays1 #ddf1 et seq4 ,am]ican ,crock]y ,company1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,am]ican ,pott]y ,company1 #dee4 ,ameya1 #afj4 ,ammon1 #he4 ,amphora1--1 #bd1 #bg1 #ij1 #bbb1 #bbd4 ,am/el1 #cdc4 ,&rea della ,robbia1 #bec4 ,anglo-,roman pott]y1 #ced4 ,anglo-,saxon pott]y1 #cee4 ,anspa*1 fai5ce1 #ccj2 porcela91 #cda4 ,antonio1 arti/ at ,f]r>a & ,fa5za1 #bfb4 ,antw]p1 majolica1 #cca4 ,aphrodite1 #bja4 ,apo/le mugs1 #ccf4 ,apries1 #bjj4 ,apulia1 #bba1 #bfe1 #bic1 #bie4 ,arabesque1 orig9 (1 #bac4 ,arabs1 #ahi1 #aij1 #bac1 #bad1 #bag1 #bah1 #bcc1 et seq41 #bgc4 ,araguaya ,indians1 #dch4 ,ar*aic ,greek vases1 #bbi4 ,arequipa1 #daj4 ,aret9e w>e1 #bdf4 ,arita1 #afa1 #agb1 #agf1 #agi4 ,arizona1 #dbi1 et seq4 ,ars5al ,pott]y1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,artax]xes1 #aij4 ,articulat$ vase1 #aec4 ,artificial porcela91 inv5t$ 9 ,europe1 #eb2 classification1 #ee1 #ef1 & mean+ ( t]m #eg2 analysis1 #fa2 difficulty ( its manufacture1 #ha2 ,*9ese1 #abb2 ,p]sian1 #abb1 #aif2 ,spani%1 #bch2 ,italian1 #bfe1 et seq42 ,fr5*1 #cab1 et seq42 ,engli%1 #cgf1 et seq42 ,am]ican1 #deg1 #deh1 #dga1 #dgb4 ,aryballos1 #bbf4 ,ary/i*os1 #bbf4 ,asia ,m9or1 #baa1 #bac1 #bad1 #bae4 ,askos1 #bbd4 ,assyria1 --n1 #cb1 #fc-fe1 #ig-ajb1 #aih1 et seq41 #bbj1 #dbf2 porcela91 #ajj4 ,a/>te1 #bjb1 #bjd4 ,a/bury1 ,engli% pott]1 #cfj2 uses calc9$ fl9t1 #cfa4 ,a/bury ,maddock1 ,tr5ton1 #dfj4 ,a/] decoration1 #acj4 ,a?i5o1 #bjc4 ,aubry1 ,m41 director at ,/4 ,clem5t1 #caa4 ,aue1 kaol9 (1 #ec1 #ccg4 ,augu/us ,,ii41 director at ,meiss51 #cch4 ,augu/us ,,iii41 director at ,meiss51 #cch4 ,auteuil1 ,havil&'s work%op at1 #bhg4 ,avisseau ( ,t\rs1 #bgg4 ,awadji1 #aga4 ,awata1 #afg1 #aga4 ,aztecs1 #dbc4 ,azulejos1 #baf1 #bcc1 #bcf1 #bci2 ,m9ton's1 #cff1 #cfh4 ,babel1 #bb1 #aja4 ,babylon1 #fe1 #ig4 ,babylonia1 #fd1 #ih4 ,bac*us1 #ba1 #bb4 ,bad51 porcela9 (1 #cdj4 ,bahia1 #daf4 ,bagnall1 #cfj4 ,baireu?1 #ccj2 porcela91 #cda4 ,balboa1 #dah4 ,bale>ic ,isl&s1 #bcf1 #bdh 7see ,majorca1 ,m9orca1 ,ivia74 ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&1 #dee4 ,banko-yaki1 #aga4 ,banks ,turn]1 #chb4 ,b>b]9i ,vase1 #cfc4 ,b>b9 ( ,m5necy1 #cac4 ,b>bizet ( ,p>is1 #bgg4 ,b>celona1 #bcd1 #bcg4 ,b>l[1 ,ar?ur1 #cga4 ,b>l[1 ,hannah ,b41 #cga4 ,b>r1 ,m>t91 ,worce/]1 #chj4 ,b>tlem1 pott] 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ded4 ,basaltes1 ,w$gwood's1 #cfd4 ,batt]sea1 #chj4 ,batti/o ,franco1 #beg4 ,battus1 #baf4 ,beauvais1 #bgc4 ,beck]1 workman at ,hxt]1 #cda4 ,belgium1 #cca2 porcela91 #cdc4 ,belleek1 ,irel&1 porcela9 (1 #chh1 et seq4 ,b5$etto1 arti/ at ,si5a1 #bee4 ,b5gra? ,oppal1 director at ,meiss51 #cch4 ,b5nett1 ,john1 ,new ,york1 #dhc4 ,b5n+ton1 ,v]mont1 #deg2 porcela91 #dgb4 ,b5t51 #afb4 ,b]l91 #cch1 #cda1 #cdb4 ,b]n>do ,buontal5ti1 inv5tor ( ,m$icean porcela91 #bfh4 ,b]n>t1 ,jehan1 #bgi4 ,bev]ly1 ,massa*usetts1 #dfh4 ,bey]l1 ,b>on de1 #caj4 ,biagio1 arti/ at ,fa5za & ,f]r>a1 #bfb4 ,bikos1 #bbc4 ,bill+sley1 or ,beely1 #chg4 ,b+ley1 ,?omas1 #cgf4 ,b9ns1 ,r4 ,w41 director at ,worce/]1 #chj4 ,birk5head1 #cge4 ,biscuit1 mean+ (1 #ec4 ,bis-ja-mon1 #afb1 #afc4 ,biss51 ,dani% sculptor1 #cdi1 #cea4 ,bleu f\ett1 #acb4 ,blois fai5ce1 #cjh4 ,bloor1 ,ott ,boo?1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,bloor1 ,rob]t1 #cgi4 ,bloor1 ,tr5ton pott]1 #dfj4 ,blue-&-:ite porcela9 ( ,*9a1 #abc1 et seq42 ( ,japan1 #abf1 #age4 ,blue ( ! sky aft] ra91 #abb1 #aca4 ,blung]1 #fg4 ,bocc>o1 #aai4 ,boileau1 director at ,svres1 #cad4 ,bone1 enamell] 7,plym\?71 #cgg4 ,bordeaux1 #cab2 porcela91 #cbj4 ,btt*]1 #eb1 #ccf1 #ccg1 #deb4 ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 #bhh1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cjd4 ,b[ *9a1 #cgg1 #cgi1 #dga4 ,boyle1 ,john1 p>tn] ( ,m9ton1 #cff4 ,bracquemond1 ,m4 & ,mme41 #bhh1 #bia1 #bie1 #cbb4 ,bradwell /one-w>e1 #cfj4 ,bramelds ( ,sw9ton1 #chf4 ,bramfield1 ,j4 & ,w41 #cgf4 ,brazil1 #dac1 #dad-dag4 ,breslau1 #cbi4 ,brew]1 ,j4 ,h>t1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb1 #dfe4 ,bri*>d1 ,eloi1 director at ,v9c5nes1 #cad4 ,bricks1 #hh1 #hi1 #ih1 #aja1 #ajf1 #bbj1 etc4 ,brick /amp1 #hh1 #aja4 ,bri/ol pott]y1 #cgc2 porcela91 #cgf1 #chf4 ,brita91 ,great1 & ,irel&1 #ceb-cij4 ,brongni>t1 director at ,svres1 8 classification1 #ed1 #ee1 #cae1 #caf1 #cah4 ,broome1 ,isaac1 ,tr5ton arti/1 #dfd1 et seq4 ,brosely pott]y1 #cge4 ,br[n1 ,we/head1 ,moore ,company1 #chh4 ,brhl1 ,c\nt1 #cch1 #cci4 ,brussels1 #cca2 porcela91 #cdc4 ,buddha1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,buddhism1 #aaa1 #afa4 ,bu5 ,retiro1 #bch4 ,buns51 #he1 #bda4 ,burr\ghs1 ,g4 ,s41 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,burslem1 #cfj2 ,w$gwood at1 #cfb4 ,butl]1 ,frank ,a41 #cga4 ,byzantium1 --ine1 #bda1 #bdh4 ,caballito1 ,p]uvian1 #dji4 ,cabuahuil1 #dba4 ,cairo1 #bad4 ,cai/or w>e1 #ced4 ,caldas1 #bci4 ,caldwell ,wood1 #cfd4 ,callima*us & ! ,cor9?ian ord]1 #cja4 ,caltagirone1 #bdg4 ,camaeu1 #abc1 #bhb1 #ccc4 ,cambrian ,pott]y1 #chg4 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 #dfh4 ,cambyses1 #bi1 #bjj4 ,camillo1 arti/ at ,f]r>a1 #bfb4 ,campania1 #bda4 ,campbell1 ,col9 ,m9ton1 #cfj1 #cfh4 ,capo di ,monte1 #bfh1 #bfi1 #bgj4 ,c>ol9a1 clays1 #ddj1 #ddg2 works 91 #ded4 ,c>r1 ,james1 ,new ,york1 #deh1 #dfc4 ,c>talege1 ,*>les1 ,gre5po9t1 #dgb4 ,casa ,pirota1 #bfa4 ,ca/el-,durante1 #beg4 ,ca/ellani collection1 #ahe1 #bdc1 #bdg1 #beb1 #bfa1 #bfb1 #bff4 ,ca/elli1 #bfd4 ,catto1 arti/ at ,fa5za & ,f]r>a1 #bfb4 ,caughley1 #chg4 ,cladon1 #aaf1 #aca1 #aej1 #afa1 #agi1 #aie1 #aig4 ,celts1 --ic1 #bgd2 ,iri%1 #cec4 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 #dah-dbd4 ,c]amic art1 its orig91 #ai1 et seq42 etymology ( 8c]amic10 #bb1 #di2 g5]al view (1 see ,introduction2 its /ruggles 9 ,am]ica1 #ddd1 et seq4 ,cesnola1 ,g5]al ,l4 ,p41 #aii1 #bjb1 et seq4 ,*affagiolo1 #bee4 ,*aff]s1 ,ri*>d1 #cgd1 #dga4 ,*amb]la9s ( ,worce/]1 #chj4 ,*ambrette1 ,jacques1 ,luneville1 #caj4 ,*ampion1 ,ri*>d1 #cgf1 #chf4 ,*ang-ti1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,*anon1 ,commission] at ,svres1 #cae4 ,*a-no-yu1 #afj4 ,*antilly1 porcela9 (1 #cac4 ,*apelle ( ,sceaux1 #caa4 ,*aplet1 arti/1 #bhh1 #cjb4 ,*elsea-,d]by1 #cgi4 ,*elsea 7,engl&7 porcela91 #cgg1 et seq4 ,*elsea 7,massa*usetts71 #dei1 #dfh1 et seq4 ,*e\-lao1 #aaa1 #afb4 ,*]okee1 clay1 #ddg4 ,*]\lion1 #bbc4 ,*]p5ti]1 ,franois1 #bgi4 ,*]tsey1 tiles1 #cee4 ,*icanneau1 #eb1 #cab4 ,*i*imecs1 #dbb1 #dbf4 ,*ili1 --ans1 #djb1 #djh4 ,*imu1 --s1 #cii1 #djj1 #djh1 #dji4 ,*9a1 --ese1 g5]al hi/ory1 #aji-aec2 leg5d1 #bj1 #aaj2 porcela9 9 ,egypt1 #be2 cu/oms1 #bh1 #bib2 9 ,p]sia1 #aia1 #aif1 #aig2 g5]al ref]5ce1 #cg1 #ajg1 #afc1 #afd1 et passim1 to #ahh1 #bac1 #bfh1 #bgj1 #bha1 #bhc1 #cjf1 #cac1 #cbb1 #cbd1 #cch1 #cgg1 #che1 #djh4 ,*ri/1 #bb4 ,*ri/iania1 fai5ce (1 #cdg4 8,*ri/ian0 porcela91 #afd1 #ahd4 ,*rysan!mo-,ponian family1 #ach1 #agf1 #agg4 ,*ulula1 #dbd4 ,*ytrai1 #bbe4 ,c9c9nati1 #dfc4 ,citium1 #bja1 #bjb4 ,city ,pott]y1 ,tr5ton1 #dfa4 ,cl>k1 ,%aw ,co41 ( ,mont]eau1 #cjg4 ,classification1 #ed1 et seq4 ,clay1 composition (1 #fa4 ,clays1 ,am]ican1 #ddf1 et seq4 ,cl]issy family at ,m\/i]s1 #bhc4 ,clignanc\rt1 #cbj4 ,cloisonn1 enamel1 #ajh1 #aha1 #ahb2 ,m9ton's1 #cfg4 ,coa/ pott]y ( ,p]u1 #djj4 ,cobalt1 blue1 #abc4 ,cockscomb1 #abd4 ,coke1 ,john1 ,p9xton1 #chg4 ,colebrookdale ,pott]y1 #cge1 #chg4 ,colhuas1 #dbb4 ,col9ot ( ,p>is1 #cjf4 ,colombia1 #dag1 #dcg4 ,colorado1 #dbi1 et seq4 ,color1 its place 9 ,greek art1 #cf2 9 ,ori5tal art1 #cg1 et seq42 h[ obta9$1 #fe1 #ha4 ,composition ( w>es & glazes1 #ei4 ,conceal$ color1 porcela9 (1 #abc4 ,cones1 ,egyptian1 #cj1 #hi4 ,confucius1 #aaa4 ,connecticut felsp>1 #ddi2 /one-w>e made 91 #ded4 ,conrade ,bro!rs1 arti/s at ,nev]s1 #bhb4 ,con/ant9e1 #bda4 ,conv5t ( ,gratitude1 #aah4 ,cookwor?y1 ,william1 #cgf1 #chf1 #ddg4 ,copan1 #dbc4 ,copel& p>ian1 #cff2 sket* (1 #chb1 et seq42 porcela9 & silv]1 #dhf4 ,cop5hag5 fai5ce1 #cdg2 porcela91 #cea4 ,cordova1 #bag4 ,corea1 #aed1 #aee1 #aei1 #afa1 #afc1 #cac4 ,corean1 #aeh1 #afj1 #afa1 #afd4 ,cor9?1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,cornwall kaol91 prep>ation (1 #fa2 analyses1 #dej2 us$ at ,gre5po9t1 #ddi1 #dge4 ,coroados ( ,brazil1 #dae4 ,corrugat$ w>e1 f ,colombia1 #dag2 f ! ,we/1 #dcc1 #dcg1 #dch1 #dci4 ,cortez1 #dbc1 #dbd4 ,co/a ,rica1 #dai4 ,coxon ,co41 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,coxside porcela91 #cgf4 ,cozzi1 ,gem9iano1 #bfi4 ,crackle1 #aaf1 #abj1 #adh1 #afa1 #afh4 ,craud5's *apel tiles1 #cef4 ,cream-color$ w>e1 ,w$gwood's1 #cfc2 ,am]ican1 #def1 et seq4 ,creil fai5ce1 #cjf2 porcela91 #cjg4 ,creuss5 /one-w>e1 #ccf4 8,cr\*-w>e10 #cfj4 ,cr[n-,d]by1 #cgi4 ,crusad]s1 #bad1 #bdg1 #cef1 #ceg4 ,cu>to ,real1 #bcf4 ,cup ( ,tantalus1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,cup ( ! le>n$1 #abe4 ,curium1 #bja1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #bjg1 #bjh4 ,cu/9e1 ,c\nt1 #caj4 ,cu/oms illu/rat$ by pott]y1 #bf1 et seq4 7see also diff]5t c\ntries--,egypt1 ,assyria1 ,babylonia1 etc474 ,cutts ( ,p9xton1 #chg4 ,cuzco1 #djj1 #dab4 ,cyffl1 ,paul ,l\is1 ,luneville & ,ni$]vill]1 #caj4 ,cyprus1 #aii1 #bbj4 ,cypselus1 #bda4 ,cyr5e1 #baf4 ,cyrus1 #aij4 ,daikok\1 #afb4 ,dali1 #bjb1 #bjf1 #bjh1 #bji4 ,damascus1 #bad1 #bae4 ,dam\sse1 arti/1 #bhh4 ,danaus1 #ba4 ,d>m/adt1 porcela9 (1 #cda4 ,d>net1 ,mme41 #ec1 #cag4 ,davis1 ,isaac1 ,tr5ton1 #dfj4 ,deck1 fai5ce (1 #cjd2 porcela91 #cbd1 #cbe4 ,decoration1 be/ /yles (1 #dd1 #hj1 #ha4 ,decorative ,art ,society1 #dhc4 ,delaplan*e1 arti/1 #bhh1 #bib4 ,delaw>e1 ,indian pott]y1 #dch2 ,kaol91 #ddi4 ,delft1 #acf2 ,fr5*1 #caa1 #cca1 #ccc2 ,engli%1 #ceh1 #cgc1 #ded4 ,della ,robbia w>e1 imitation1 #bfe1 #bfh1 #cff 7see ,luca1 ,&rea74 ,dem>atus1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,d5m>k1 #cdg-cea4 ,d5nis1 ,s41 ,connecticut pott]1 #ded4 ,d]by porcela91 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,d]uta1 #bfc4 ,desima1 #agf1 #ahf4 ,de ,/4 ,criq ,company1 at ,creil1 #cjg2 at ,mont]eau1 #cjg4 ,difficult w>e1 #afh4 ,dillwyn1 ,swansea1 #chg4 ,d9os1 #bbe4 ,diog5es1 #bf1 #bg1 #bbb4 ,diskos1 #bbf4 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ,indian pott]y1 #dch4 ,doccia1 ,la1 #bfh4 ,dog ( ,fo1 #aac1 #aeg1 #afc4 ,dossi ,bro!rs1 arti/s at ,f]r>a1 #bfb4 ,d\lton w>e1 #cgj1 et seq42 sket* ( ,john ,d\lton1 #cgj2 arti/s1 #cga2 t]ra cotta1 #cgb2 imitation1 #dfi4 ,dragons1 ,*9ese1 #aab2 ,japanese1 #afc4 ,dresd51 #eb1 #ccf1 et seq42 w>e imitat$1 #cha1 #dge4 ,dub>ry1 or ,pompad\r ,rose1 #cae1 #chg4 ,dubois ,bro!rs1 #cac4 ,duesbury family1 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,du ,liege1 porcela9 pa9t]1 #cbd4 ,dunkirk1 #caa4 ,durant9o1 ,francesco1 #bei4 ,dut* 9 ,japan1 #afd4 ,dyna/ic colors ( ,*9a1 #aae4 ,dwight1 ,dr41 fir/ ,engli% porcela91 #eb4 ,dwight1 ,john1 pott] at ,fulham1 #cgc4 ,ea/ ,bo/on1 #dfc4 ,ea/ ,liv]pool1 #dea1 #deb1 #dfc4 ,ea/ ,tr5ton ,pott]y ,company1 #dfb4 ,ebelman1 director at ,svres1 #cae1 #caf1 #cbf4 ,ec\51 *teau (1 #bha4 ,egg pott]y1 #aga4 ,egg-%ell porcela91 #acc1 #adj2 ,fr5*1 #cbb4 ,egypt1 --ian1 #bj1 leg5d1 #ba2 ,*9ese porcela9 91 #be2 cu/oms illu/rat$ by pott]y1 #bi-ca1 #hi1 et seq42 porcela91 #dh1 #fb1 #ib1 et seq42 glaze1 #fc-fe1 #ia1 #ib2 symbols1 #he1 et seq42 9 ,cyprus1 #aih1 et seq42 9 ,etruria1 #bdc2 processes1 #ga1 #gd2 hi/ory & g5]al ref]5ce1 #hb-if1 #ig1 #ih1 #ii1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #bbj1 #bdb4 ,el]s ,bro!rs1 #cfj4 8,el ,frate10 arti/ at ,f]r>a1 #bfc4 ,el ,moro1 #dca4 ,ely tiles1 #ceg4 ,enamel1 #fc-fe4 7,see ,/annif]\s47 ,encau/ic tiles1 #cff4 ,engl&1 fir/ porcela9 made 91 #eb1 #bdb1 #ceb1 et seq42 tiles1 #cee2 lead-glaz$ pott]y1 #ceg2 ,delft1 #ceh2 porcela91 #cgf2 h] debt to ,am]ica1 #ddg4 ,engli% m>ks 9 ,am]ica1 #dde4 ,engli% porcela91 composition1 #fa2 hi/ory1 #cgf1 et seq4 ,eraku1 #agi4 ,etruria1 #bda1 et seq42 ,w$gwood's1 #cfd4 ,etruria ,pott]y ,company1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb1 et seq4 ,etruscan1 #bdj1 et seq42 black1 r$1 & yell[ w>e1 #bdc4 ,ettl+]1 commission] at ,svres1 #cae4 ,europe1 #aih4 ,european art1 its f\nta9s1 #aih4 ,evagoras1 #bjj4 ,fa5za1 #bfa1 #bfb1 #bfe1 #dbd4 ,fai5ce def9$1 #di2 niellure1 #bhj2 la corne1 #bhb4 ,falcon]1 ,john ,m41 arti/1 #dhd1 #dhe4 ,families ( ,*9ese porcela91 #ach4 ,fauquez family1 ,/4 ,am&1 #caa2 ( ,val5ci5nes1 #cbj4 ,f]r>a1 #bfb4 8,f9e /yle10 ,greek1 #bcj4 ,fl&]s1 fai5ce (1 #caa4 7,see ,grs de ,fl&re47 ,fla%$ glaze1 #acc4 ,flights ( ,worce/]1 #chj4 ,flor5ce1 porcela9 inv5t$ at1 #eb2 its majolica1 #bee2 porcela91 #bfe4 8,florid /yle10 ,greek1 #bcj4 ,florida1 ,indian pott]y1 #dch2 clay1 #ddf4 ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 #dfc4 ,fo1 #aaj1 #aac4 ,fog51 #aei4 ,fong-hoang1 #aad1 #afc4 ,fontana family1 #beh4 ,font5oy vase1 #bc4 ,=li1 #bfb4 ,f\-hi1 #aaj4 ,f\que1 ,joseph1 #bhd4 ,f\rni]1 #cea4 ,f\rni]a ( ,limoges1 #cbj4 ,france1 #bga-cbf2 anci5t1 #bga-bgc2 porcela91 composition (1 #fj2 hi/ory1 #cab1 et seq4 ,francesco ,durant9o1 #bei4 ,francesco ,m>ia1 #bee4 ,francesco ,vezzi1 #bfi4 ,francesco ,xanto1 #beh4 ,francis ,i41 #bff4 ,frank5?al1 #cag1 #cda4 ,frye1 ,?omas1 arti/ at ,b[1 #cgg4 ,fulham settl$ by ,dut*1 #ceh2 /one-w>e1 #cei1 #cgc4 ,furnaces1 #gd1 et seq4 ,fr/5burg1 porcela9 (1 #cdj1 #cea4 ,galli5us1 #be4 ,gall[ay ,graiff1 ,philadelphia1 #dee4 ,g>ducci1 arti/ at ,urb9o1 #beh4 ,g>rett1 p>tn] ( ,copel&1 #chc4 ,gaul1 #bgb4 ,gelanor1 #ba4 ,gem9iano ,cozzi1 #bfi4 ,g5ghis ,khan1 #aij4 ,georgia1 ,indian pott]y1 #dch2 clay1 #ddf2 kaol91 #dea4 ,grault ,d>aub]t1 #cag4 ,g]many1 pott]y (1 #cbg-ccj2 /one-w>e1 #ccc-ccf2 porcela91 composition (1 #fj1 #ccf-cdb4 ,gi5 fai5ce1 #cji4 ,g9ori1 ,m>quis ,c>lo1 #bfh4 ,gioanetti1 ,dr41 f\nds factory at ,v9euf1 #bgj4 ,giorgio ,&reoli1 imitator ( ,luca della ,robbia1 #bec2 arti/ at ,gubbio1 #bei1 et seq4 ,giovanni1 son ( ,&rea della ,robbia1 #bec4 ,girolamo1 son ( ,&rea della ,robbia1 #bec4 ,giyoki1 or ,gyoguy1 #gc1 #aei1 #afj4 ,glasg[ ,pott]y ,company1 #dfj1 #dfb4 ,glaze1 porcela91 #fj2 artificial porcela91 #fa2 pott]y1 #fc2 hi/ory (1 #fd1 #hj1 #ha4 ,glaz+1 #hj1 #ha4 ,glot ( ,sceaux1 #caa4 ,ggg+51 #ccj4 ,golgoi1 #bjc4 ,goodw91 ,john1 ,tr5ton1 #dfj4 ,gosai1 #agf1 #agg4 ,go?s1 #bag4 ,grco-,egyptian1 #ia4 ,graffiti1 #bdi2 ,m9ton's1 #cfg4 8,gra9s ( rice0 "w1 #aeb1 #aig4 ,granada1 #baf1 #bah1 #bcc1 #bcf4 ,granite-w>e1 #def1 et seq4 ,gravant1 director at ,v9c5nes1 #cad4 ,graybe>ds /one-w>e1 #cce4 ,greatbat*1 ,d41 modell]1 at ,j]sey ,city1 #def4 ,greece1--eek1 leg5d z to orig9 ( pott]y1 #ba1 #bb2 conque/s def9$1 #bd2 cu/oms illu/rat$ by pott]y1 #bf-bh1 #bbg2 pa9t+1 #cb-cd1 #cf1 #cg1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbh-bcb2 =ms1 #ce1 #da1 #bbc1 et seq41 #bfd1 #cbf2 :5ce d]iv$1 #ij1 #bji-bab1 #bai1 et seq42 glaze1 #fe1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bgc2 m\ld+ & modell+1 #fh2 :eel1 #gb1 #gc2 furnaces1 #gd-gf2 9 ,cyprus1 #aii1 et seq42 orig9 ( ,greek art1 #aih-bab2 g5]al hi/ory1 #bai-bcb2 sun-dri$ pott]y1 #bbj2 t]ra-cotta1 #bbj2 /yles1 #bbh1 et seq42 influ5ce 9 ,italy1 #bdj1 et seq41 #bfd2 9 ,france1 #bib1 #bie2 9 ,d5m>k1 #cdg-cej2 9 ,brazil1 #dad2 9 ,unit$ ,/ates1 #dee1 et seq4 passim1 #dfg1 #dgj2 g5]al ref]5ce1 #bj1 #di1 #hd1 #ie1 #aaj1 #aij1 #aia1 #aib1 #aih1 #bdj1 #bgc1 #bii1 #cib1 #djd1 #dgg4 ,gre5 family1 ,*9a1 #acj1 #aci4 ,gre5po9t porcela91 #ddc2 import$ kaol91 #ddi2 kilns1 #dfc2 hi/ory1 #dgb1 et seq42 +r$i5ts1 #dge1 #dgf2 biscuit1 #dgh4 ,gre5wood ,pott]y ,company1 #dfb4 ,grellet ,bro!rs ( ,limoges1 #cbj4 ,grs de ,fl&re1 #ccf2 reviv$ by ,d\lton1 #cgj4 ,gros-,caill\1 #caa4 ,grosso1 arti/ at ,f]r>a1 #bfc4 ,guatemala1 #dbj4 ,gubbio1 #bei4 ,gueguet5ango1 #dbj1 #dba4 ,guett>d1 *emi/ at ,bagnolet1 #cag4 ,guidobaldo ,,ii41 #beg1 #bei1 #bfa4 ,guik-mon1 #afa4 ,hague1 !1 #cdc4 ,hagu5au1 #bhf4 ,haji1 #aeh1 #aei4 ,halm ,art ,pott]y ,company1 ,new ,york1 #dfh4 ,hancock1 ,r41 engrav]1 #cha4 ,h&ley1 ,a41 arti/ at ,worce/]1 #cha4 ,han=d1 ,isaac1 pott] at ,h>t=d1 #ded4 ,hange/1 ,hlne de1 #bgi4 ,hannong1 ,*>les ,franois1 pott] at ,/rasburg1 #bhf2 family1 #bhf1 #cab1 #caf1 #cbj1 #cda4 ,h>d porcela94 7,see ,natural47 ,h>rison1 p>tn] ( ,w$gwood1 #cfb4 ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 #ded4 ,h>vey ,adamson1 ,philadelphia1 #dee4 ,hatt]sley1 ,*>les1 ,tr5ton1 #dfa4 ,havil&1 ,*>les ,field1 #cbe4 ,havil&s1 ( ,new ,york & ,limoges1 #bhg2 _! fai5ce & process1 #bhg1 #bhh2 _! arti/s1 #bhh2 examples1 #bia1 et seq42 m>k1 #cjd2 porcela91 #cba1 et seq42 fai5ce imitat$1 #dfi4 ,haw?orn patt]n1 ,*9ese1 #abh2 black1 #abi4 ,hel/one *9a clay1 #cgf4 ,hemphill1 ,judge1 ,philadelphia1 #dgb4 ,h5d]son ,co41 ,d41 ,j]sey ,city1 #dee1 #dgb4 ,h5ri ,deux w>e1 #fc1 #bgi2 ,m9ton's1 #cfg4 ,h]b]tsville1 ,new ,j]sey1 #dee4 ,h]culaneum pott]y1 #cge4 ,h]mann1 #bd4 ,hesd91 #bgc4 ,hesse-,cassel1 porcela9 (1 #cda4 ,hide-yo%i1 #afj4 ,h9doos1 #aje4 ,hirs*vogel1 #cbi4 ,hispano-,moresque1 #bag1 #bcc1 et seq41 #bdj4 ,hi/ory illu/rat$ by pott]y1 #bc1 #aci4 ,hiz51 #afj1 #afa1 #age1 et seq41 #agi4 ,hoang-ti1 #bj1 #aaj1 #aac1 #aaf4 ,h*/1 fai5ce1 #ccj2 porcela91 #cdj4 ,holl&1 fai5ce1 #cca-ccc2 porcela91 #cdc4 ,holmos1 #bbe4 ,hold%ip1 ,josiah1 ,worce/]1 #cha4 ,holl9s1 ,mi*ael ,da9try1 #cff1 #cfh4 ,hom]1 #ge4 ,ho-nan1 #aba4 ,honduras1 #dbc4 ,honorific m>ks1 #abc4 ,horoldt1 director at ,meiss51 #ccg1 #cch4 ,hotei1 #afb4 ,h\day]1 ,john ,f41 ,tr5ton1 #dfj4 ,hxt]1 #cda4 ,hudson ,riv] ,pott]y1 ,new ,york1 #deg4 ,hulaku1 ,khan1 #aia1 #aic4 ,hydria1 #bbd4 ,hyr*e1 #bbc4 ,ib]ian p59sula1 #bcc-bci4 ,ibis mummy pots1 #ij4 ,idalium1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ,ill9ois1 anci5t1 #dca1 #dch2 kaol91 #ddi4 ,im>i1 #age4 ,ina*us1 #ba4 ,incas ( ,p]u1 #cie4 ,india1 #aje-ajh1 #ach4 8,indian0 porcela91 #ahg4 ,indiana kaol91 #ddi4 ,indians1 ,nor? ,am]ican1 #dbe1 #dbi-dda4 ,inl& pott]y ( ,p]u1 #djj4 ,ips51 ,mme41 #cdg4 ,irel&1 anci5t1 #cec4 ,iron-/one *9a1 #deh4 ,irv+1 #bd4 ,ise1 #afj1 #agb4 ,israelites1 #ca1 #hh4 ,italy3 pott]'s :eel1 #gc2 furnaces1 #gf1 #bag2 hi/ory1 #bdj-bgj2 g5]al "* ( its art1 #bfd2 porcela91 #bfe1 et seq42 influ5ce 9 ,france1 #bgc4 ,ivia1 #bcf4 8,ivory porcela910 #dfc4 ,jacquel9e1 ,c\ntess1 #ccc4 ,jacques1 manufactur] at ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 #cjd4 ,jade1 #adf1 et seq41 #adi1 #aej4 ,jade-color$ porcela91 #abc1 #adf1 #adg4 ,jasp]-w>e1 ,w$gwood's1 #cfd1 #cfe4 ,jef=ds ,co41 ,philadelphia1 #dee4 ,jehan de ,voleur1 #bgc4 ,jehovah1 #ba4 ,j]i*au1 ,dani% sculptor1 #cea4 ,j]sey ,city1 ,new ,j]sey1 #dee1 #dgb2 decorat$ e>!n-w>e1 #dhc4 ,jewell$ porcela91 ,svres1 #cae2 ,copel&'s1 #chd4 ,j9mu1 #aeh4 ,j\b]t ,cancate1 mak]s ( porcela91 ,limoges1 #cba4 ,j\-yao1 #abb4 ,juda1 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,julli51 manufactur] at ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 #cjd4 ,jupit]1 #ba4 ,kados1 #bbd4 ,kaga1 #agj1 #age1 #agi1 et seq4 ,kago%ima1 #afg4 ,kalpis1 #bbe4 ,kami1--ism1 #bj1 #afa4 ,k&l]1 arti/ at ,meiss51 #ccg-cci4 ,kan\n1 #bbf4 ,kan?>os1 #bbf4 ,kaol91 #ea2 discov]$ 9 ,saxony1 #eb1 #ccg2 9 ,france1 #ec2 ,/4 ,yrieix1 #caf2 ,al5on1 #cag2 etymology1 #ei2 composition1 #ei2 h[ prep>$1 #ei1 et seq42 ,am]ican1 #ddg1 et seq4 ,k>atsu1 #agb4 ,kato ,%irozayemon1 #add1 #aei1 #afj4 ,kato-siro-ouye-mon1 ibid4 ,kean1 ,mi*ael1 p>tn] ( ,duesbury1 #cgi4 ,keironan1 #baf4 ,kelebe1 #bbe4 ,kell] ,gur91 ,luneville1 #caj4 ,k]amos1 #bb1 #di4 ,kiel1 #cdg4 ,ki5-long1 #acd1 #ace1 #ach4 ,kilns1 #ga1 #gd1 et seq42 9 ,am]ica1 #dfc4 ,k+-teh-*91 #aab1 #abb1 #abc1 #abf1 #acc1 #ace1 #acg1 #adb1 #aej4 ,kioto1 #afg1 #aga1 #age1 #agi4 ,kiri-mon1 #afa4 ,kiusiu1 #afg1 #agb4 ,korzec1 porcela9 (1 #cde4 ,ko?on1 #bbe4 ,kotylos1 #bbf4 ,k\an-yao1 #abb1 #abc1 #abg4 ,k\ei1 #abd4 ,k\5-ou1 #bj1 #aaf4 ,k\ng-tseu1 #aaa4 ,k\tsi fakata1 #aei4 ,krat]1 #bbe4 ,kraut1 ,hans1 #ccj4 ,krossos1 #bbe4 ,kuan-91 #aaa4 ,kutani1 #agj4 ,kya?os1 #bbf4 ,kyl91 #aac1 #afc4 ,kylix1 #bg1 #bji1 #bbf4 ,la ,*9a1 #bci4 ,lacqu]1 #afe1 #aha4 ,ladies' ,art ,association1 #dhc4 ,lafond1 arti/1 #bhh1 #cjb4 ,lagynos1 #bbd4 ,lake dwell]s1 #cbg1 #cie4 ,lambe? settl$ by ,dut*1 #ceh2 /one-w>e1 #cei2 fai5ce1 #cgj2 s*ool ( art1 #cga2 arti/s1 #cga2 ,am]ican1 #deh1 #dhc4 ,lambrequ9 decoration1 #abd4 ,lamon9>y1 ,val5ci5nes1 #cbj4 ,lancelle1 #abg4 ,lang liz51 #abe4 ,l& ( ,great ,peace1 #afc4 ,lanfranco ,bro!rs1 #beg4 ,lanfrey1 ,franois1 manag] at ,ni$]vill]1 #caj4 ,lao-tseu1 #aaa4 ,lapis-lazuli blue1 #acb4 ,l>naca1 #bjb1 #bje4 ,la?rop1 ,*>les1 pott] at ,norwi*1 #ded4 ,laughl91 ,mr41 ,ea/ ,liv]pool1 #dea1 #deb4 ,lauragais1 ,c\nt de ,brancas1 #cag4 ,laur91 arti/1 #bhh1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cjd4 ,le>n$1 cup ( !1 #abe4 ,lebuf & ,!baut1 #cjg4 ,lebuf1 ,milliet ,co41 ( ,creil1 #cjg4 ,le$s pott]y1 #cgd4 ,leipsic1 #cbi4 ,leky?os1 #bbe4 ,lelong1 ,ni*olas1 f\nds ,nancy1 #caa4 ,lemire1 arti/ at ,ni$]vill]1 #caj4 ,levigat+ mills1 #deb4 ,lic\-li1 #aah4 ,lille fai5ce1 #caa2 porcela91 #cac1 #cbj4 ,limoges fai5ce1 #bhf2 porcela91 #cbj2 imitat$1 #dfi2 ) metal1 #dhf4 ,l9d5eh]1 arti/1 #bhh4 ,l9d5ir1 pa9t] at ,meiss51 #cch4 ,lit]ature enri*$ by figures1 #ca4 ,liv]pool delft1 #ceh1 #cgd1 #chj4 ,lock] ,co41 ,d]by1 #cgi4 ,longevity1 god (1 #aaa2 symbols1 #aad1 #abd1 #afc4 ,longwy fai5ce1 #cjg4 ,loosdre*t1 #cdc4 ,lotus z a symbol1 #he4 ,l\isiana1 anci5t1 #dca1 #dci4 ,l[e1 ,alex&]1 director at ,vi5na1 #cdj4 ,l[e/(t pott]y1 #cge2 porcela91 #cgf4 ,luca della ,robbia1 #bdg2 sket* ( 8 life1 #bej1 et seq42 8 works1 #bea2 ! y\ng] ,luca1 #bec2 successors & imitators1 #bec1 #bfc1 #cbi4 ,lucumon1 #bdb4 ,ludwigsburg1 #cda4 ,luneville1 #caj4 ,luson1 ,h]ol91 #cge4 ,lyman1 ,f5ton ,co41 #deg1 #dgb4 ,lyn*1 ,j4 & ,t41 ,tr5ton1 #dfa4 ,macquoid ,co41 ,w4 ,a41 ,new ,york1 #deg4 ,madrid1 #bch1 #bci4 ,magi/rates' porcela91 #abb1 #abc4 ,magna ,grcia1 #bda1 #bdd1 #bde1 #bdf1 #bfe1 #bie4 ,ma9e felsp>1 #ddi4 ,majolica1 def9$1 #di-ea2 h[ pa9t$1 #hj1 #aic2 import$ into ,italy1 #bdi1 #bed2 e>lie/ ,italian1 #bee2 ,w$gwood1 #cfe2 ,m9ton1 #cff1 #cfh2 ,c>r1 #dei4 ,majorca1 #bcd1 #bcf1 #bdh1 #bdi1 #bej4 ,malaga1 #bcd1 #bce4 ,malmesbury tiles1 #cee4 ,malpass1 ,william1 #cgf4 ,malv]n tiles1 #cee4 ,mancos1 #dcc4 ,m&an ,indians1 #dcj4 ,m&>9 vases1 #ace4 ,manhattan ,pott]y1 #deg4 ,manises1 #bcd4 ,manor-h\se1 ,york1 pott]y1 #cgf4 ,manufacture1 #ff1 et seq4 ,m>burg1 #ccj4 ,m>col9i1 ,c\nt1 director at ,meiss51 #cch4 ,m>ieb]g1 fai5ce (1 #cdf1 #cdg4 ,m>reot ,abaquesne1 #bha4 ,m>seilles1 f\nd$ by ,phnicians1 #bgc2 fai5ce1 #bhe2 porcela91 #cag4 ,m>yl& ,indians1 #ddj2 felsp> & qu>tz1 #ddi4 ,massie1 ,sieur1 pott] at ,limoges1 #bhf1 #cbj4 ,may]1 ,joseph1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,maz>9e blue1 #acb4 ,mecca1 ,temple (1 #bac4 ,m$icean porcela91 #eb1 #ahe1 #bfe1 et seq4 ,meiss51 #eb1 #ec1 #ccg1 et seq41 #dge4 ,mel*iorre1 ,fra1 #bfb4 ,m5necy1 porcela9 (1 #cac4 ,m]c] ,pott]y1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,m]cury1 #ba4 ,mesopotamia1 #baa4 ,metallic lu/re1 #ej1 #fe2 h[ appli$1 #hj1 #aic1 #aie1 #bag1 #bcc1 et seq41 #bdj1 #bdg1 #bdi1 #bed4 ,mexico1 #dah1 #dba1 et seq4 ,mey]1 commission] at ,svres1 #cae4 ,mezza-majolica1 #ej1 #bdi1 #bed4 ,mikado1 #aeh1 #afa1 #afc4 ,miles1 ,?omas1 /one-w>e mak]1 #cfj4 ,millham ,pott]y1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,mill+ton1 ,mr41 ,tr5ton1 #dfj1 #dfa4 ,m+ dyna/y1 porcela9 (1 #abc1 #acc1 et passim4 ,m9o1 #age4 ,m9orca1 #bcf4 ,m9ton ,co41 ,h5ri ,deux w>e1 #bha2 pate-sur-pate1 #cbf2 sket* ( firm1 #cfe1 et seq42 porcela91 #chb4 ,m9ton1 ,h]b]t1 #cff1 et seq4 ,m9ton1 ,holl9s ,co41 #cfh4 ,m9ton1 ,?omas1 #cfe1 #cff4 ,mississippi1 #dbe1 #dbf1 #dbg1 #dcj1 #dci4 ,miss\ri1 anci5t pott]y1 #dbe1 #dbf1 #dbg2 ,indian1 #dcj2 kaol91 #ddi1 #dej4 ,mitla1 #dbc1 #dbd4 ,moguls 9 ,p]sia1 #aia1 #aie4 ,mohamm$1 #aij1 #aia2 tomb (1 #bad1 #bdg4 ,mohamm$-b5-,alham>1 #bce4 ,moore1 ,joseph ,h41 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,moncloa1 #bci4 8,monkey10 ,brazilian1 #daf4 ,mont]eau fai5ce1 #cjg4 ,montes9os1 ,spani% hi/orian1 #cid4 ,montezuma1 #dbc4 ,moorhead ,wilson1 ,spr+ ,mills1 ,p5nsylvania1 #dee4 ,moors1--i%1 #baf1 #bah1 #bcc1 et seq41 #bda4 ,moquis1 #dcf1 #dch4 ,moreau1 ,m>ie1 porcela9-mak]1 ,p>is1 #cac4 ,moresque1 #ahi1 #bcd4 ,mor+ues1 #daf4 ,morocco1 #baf4 ,mosc[1 porcela9 (1 #cde4 ,moses1 ,james1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,moses1 ,john1 ,co41 ,tr5ton1 #dfb4 ,m\ld+1 #fh4 ,m\nd-build]s1 #dbe-dbh1 #dch1 #dci1 #ddj4 ,m\/i]s1 #bhc4 ,mull]1 ,dani% m9i/]1 #cea4 ,mll]1 ,k>l1 ,gre5po9t1 #dge1 #dgf4 ,mummy figures1 #ic4 ,murvi$ro1 #bcc4 ,mylitta1 #bjb4 ,nagasaki1 #agf1 #ahd4 ,nagoya1 #aha4 ,nancy fai5ce1 #caa4 ,nank9 blue1 #abc1 #age4 ,nank91 t[] (1 #aah4 ,nantes1 #cab4 ,nantg>r[1 #chg4 ,naples1 #bch2 majolica1 #bfd4 ,nat*ez ,indians1 #dcj4 ,natural porcela91 its +r$i5ts1 #ea2 inv5t$ 9 ,europe1 #eb2 classification1 #ee1 #ef2 mean+ ( t]m1 #eg2 analysis1 #fj2 ,egyptian1 #fb1 #ib2 ,assyrian1 #ii1 #ajj2 ,indian1 #ajg2 ,*9ese1 #aba1 et seq42 ,corean1 #aed1 #aee2 ,japanese1 #aei-afa1 #afd1 #agd1 et seq42 ,p]sian1 #aia1 #aie1 et seq42 ,spani%1 #bci2 ,portuguese1 #bci2 ,italian1 #bgj2 ,fr5*1 #caf1 et seq42 ,g]man1 #ccf1 et seq42 ,dut*1 #cdc2 ,russian1 #cdd1 #cde2 ,dani%1 #cea2 ,engli%1 #cgf1 #cgg2 ,iri%1 #chh1 #chi2 ,am]ican1 #ddc1 #dee1 #dei1 et seq41 #dga1 et seq4 ,neo-,paphos1 #bja1 #bjd4 ,neudeck-,nymph5burg1 #cda4 ,neuhaus1 #cdj4 ,nev]s1 #bhb4 ,new ,engl& ,pott]y ,co41 #dfc4 ,ne:all *9a1 #chf4 ,new ,j]sey1 ,indian pott]y1 #dcg1 #ddj2 clays1 #ddh1 et seq42 analyz$1 #dej1 #dea4 ,new ,mexico1 #dbi1 et seq4 ,new ,york1 #deg-dei4 ,nic>agua1 #dai1 #dba1 #dbd1 #dch4 ,nicola da ,urb9o1 #bei4 ,nicoloso ,francesco1 arti/ ( ,robbia s*ool1 #bec4 ,ni$]vill] fai5ce1 #caj2 porcela91 #cbj4 ,nile1 #ba1 #hc1 #hi1 #baf4 ,ni%ikide1 #afa1 #agf1 #agg4 ,niss]1 ,dani%1 #cej4 ,noel1 arti/1 #bhh4 ,nom9o-,s\k\ne1 #aeh4 ,normans 9 ,engl&1 #cee4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 7,see ,indians1 ,nor? ,am]ican47 ,nor?ampton%ire1 anci5t1 #ced4 ,nor?comb1 ,hu>t de1 #cjg4 8,nor!rn fai5ce10 #cdf4 ,norwalk1 ,connecticut1 #dee4 ,norwi*1 ,connecticut1 #ded4 ,nott+ham1 #cge4 ,nove1 ,le1 porcela91 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,num1 #ba4 ,numa ,pompilius1 #bdd4 ,nuremb]g1 #cbi1 #ccj4 ,nyon1 porcela9 (1 #cdc4 ,oanamu*i-no-mikoto1 #bj1 #aeh4 ,o9o*oe1 #bbe4 ,oiron1 fai5c$1 #bgi4 ,old ,bridge1 ,new ,j]sey1 #dee4 8,old /yle10 ,greek1 #bbi4 ,ol]y1 ,joseph1 arti/ at ,m\/i]s1 #bhc4 ,olpe1 #bbf4 ,om>1 #aia4 ,ometepec ,isl&1 #dai1 #dbj1 #dba4 ,onyx-w>e1 ,w$gwood's1 #cfd4 ,oosei-tsumi1 #bj1 #aeh4 ,opium-pipes1 #aai4 ,oporto1 #bci4 ,oppal1 ,b5gra?1 #cch4 ,ori5tal art1 its lead+ features1 #cg2 use ( color1 #cg1 #ch2 conv5tional =ms1 #ch4 ,or9oco1 tribes ( !1 #dch4 ,orleans fai5ce1 #cab2 porcela91 #cag4 ,ormuzd1 #aij4 ,osiris1 #ba4 ,osman1 #aia4 ,o/rak9on1 #bbg4 ,ott ,brew]1 ,tr5ton1 #dfb1 et seq4 ,ottaviano1 assi/ant ( ,luca della ,robbia1 #bec4 ,ouan-l\-hoang1 #aci4 ,outang1 #abd4 ,ow>i1 #aei1 #age1 #agi1 #aha4 ,oxides1 #fe4 ,oxybaphon1 #bbe4 ,pa*acamac1 #cif4 ,pa-kwa1 #aaj4 ,pal5que1 #dbc4 ,pal]mo1 #bdg4 ,pale/9e1 #gj1 #ga4 ,palissy1 ,b]n>d1 #db1 #fc1 #agi2 imitation w>e1 #bci2 sket* ( 8 life1 #bgc2 imitators1 #bgg2 works1 #bgg1 #cbi1 #cdf1 #cff4 ,pall&re1 fl[]-pa9t]1 #cbd4 ,pallas ,a!ne1 #bbb4 ,palm]'s pott]y1 #cfj4 ,p&ora1 #ba4 ,paphos1 #bja1 #bjd4 ,p>5t1 director at ,svres1 #cae4 ,p>ian1 #fa2 ,m9ton's1 #cff2 ,copel&'s1 #che2 ,am]ican1 #deg1 #dei1 #dfd1 et seq4 ,p>is fai5ce1 #caa 7see also ,deck1 ,col9ot1 ,p>ville1 ,b>bizet1 ,pull1 ,havil&72 porcela91 #cac1 #cbj4 ,p>ville ( ,p>is1 #cjh4 ,pasquale1 ,antonibon1 #bfi4 ,pate *angeante1 #cbf1 #cfg4 ,pate dure1 #ea1 #ee4 7,see ,natural porcela947 ,pate-sur-pate1 #cbf1 #cha4 ,pate t5dre1 #eb1 #ee1 #ha4 7,see ,artificial porcela947 ,paull[nia imp]ialis1 #afa4 ,paulson1 ,joseph1 #cfe4 ,pe>l1 #abd4 ,pectoral tablets1 #ic4 ,pelasgi1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,p5n+ton1 ,liv]pool pott]1 #cgd4 ,p5nsylvania1 ,indian pott]y1 #dcg2 kaol91 #ddi1 #dea2 *9a works 91 #ded1 #deh1 #dfb4 ,p5sacola clay1 #ddg4 ,p]r91 ,mme41 ,m>seilles1 #bhf4 ,p]r9e ,co41 ,baltimore1 #dee4 ,p]sia1--n1 #ch1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #acj1 #ahi-aig2 9 ,*9a1 #acj2 9 ,spa91 #bah1 #bch2 influ5ce (1 #aih1 et seq41 #bda1 #bdg1 #bdi1 #bed1 #beg1 #bhc 7fig4 #bdj71 #big1 #cjd1 #cbe1 #cfg4 ,p]spective 9 ,*9ese art1 #aej4 ,p]? ,amboy clay1 #ddh2 analyz$1 #dej2 fire-brick factory1 #dee4 ,p]u1 #cic1 et seq42 its hi/ory1 #cid2 pott]y1 #cie1 et seq42 religion1 #cih2 =ms1 #djj2 decoration1 #djg2 colors1 #djh2 cu/oms1 #dji2 processes1 #dac1 #dah1 #dbh1 #dcj1 #dch4 ,p]ugia1 #bfc4 ,pes>o1 #bdi1 #bee1 #bef1 #beg4 ,pet]ynck ( ,lille at ,t\rnay1 #cca4 ,petuntse1 #ea2 its composition1 #ei1 #fj4 ,phiale1 #bbc1 #bbf4 ,philadelphia /one-w>e1 etc41 #dee2 t]ra-cotta1 #dfg2 porcela91 #dga1 #dgb4 ,phnicia1--ns1 #aii1 et seq41 #baj1 #bbj1 #bdb1 #bdc2 9 ,gaul1 #bgc4 ,piccolpasso1 #ej1 #fh1 #gf4 ,p9ax1 #bbf4 ,p9xton1 #chg4 ,pirota1 ,casa1 #bfa4 ,pisa1 --ns1 #bah1 #bcd1 #bdh2 majolica1 #bee4 ,pi?akne1 #bbc4 ,pi?os1 #bg1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbh1 #bdc4 ,pittsburg1 ,p5nsylvania1 #dfc4 ,piz>ro1 #cie1 #dah4 ,place1 ,francis1 #cgf4 ,plumbif]\s glaze1 #fd1 #fe4 ,plym\?1 porcela9 (1 #cgf4 ,poa-en-ssi1 #aah4 ,poirel1 ,nicolas1 #bha4 ,poitev91 arti/1 #cbd4 ,poit\1 old pott]y1 #bgc4 ,pol&1 #cde4 ,pompad\r1 ,madame de1 #cad2 ,rose1 #cae1 #chg4 ,porcela91 ^w misappli$1 #dh2 def9ition & etymology1 #ea2 inv5t$ 9 ,*9a1 #ea1 #aba2 introduction into ,europe1 #ea2 inv5tion 9 ,europe1 #eb2 composition1 #ei1 et seq42 ,egyptian1 #ib2 ,assyrian1 #ajj2 ,indian1 #ajg2 ,*9ese #aba2 )\t embryo1 #adj2 inv5t$ 9 ,japan1 #afj1 #agd2 ,p]sian1 #aie1 etc2 porcela9 & metal1 #dhf2 7see also artificial1 natural1 & diff]5t c\ntries74 ,por\s w>e1 #dei1 #dfi4 ,portl& vase1 #cfc4 ,portugal1 --uese1 #afd1 #bci4 ,pot]at1 ,edme1 #bha2 8 son ,l\is1 #bha1 #cab4 ,pott]s' ,association1 #dfc4 ,pott]'s :eel1 #gj1 et seq4 ,pott]y1 etymology & mean+1 #di2 composition ( diff]5t k9ds1 #fb4 ,p\-tai1 #aab1 #aah4 ,prices1 pott]s 9 ,new ,j]sey1 #dee4 ,pr9t+ on fai5ce at ,creil1 #cjg2 at ,liv]pool1 #cgd2 on porcela9 at ,worce/]1 #chj2 at ,batt]sea1 #chj1 #cha4 ,pro*oos1 #bbe4 ,prome!us1 #ba4 ,psykt]1 #bbe4 ,ptolemy ,claudius1 #baj4 ,ptolemy ,lagus1 or ,sot]1 #bjj4 ,pueblo ,indians1 #dcj1 #dca1 et seq4 ,pug-mill1 #fg4 ,pull ( ,p>is1 #bgg4 ,quamon1 #afb4 ,que5's-w>e1 ,w$gwood's1 #cfc2 made 9 ,connecticut1 #ded4 ,qu9tilius ,v>us1 #bd4 ,quirigua1 #dbc4 ,raffaelle ,del ,borgo1 #beg4 ,raku1 #afj4 ,ramey1 ,r4 ,c41 ,philadelphia1 #dee4 ,rato1 #bci4 ,rav5na1 #bfb4 ,raumur makes 8porcela910 #cac4 ,re$1 ,bri/ol pott]1 #cgc4 ,reflet mtallique4 7,see ,metallic lu/re47 ,regnault1 director at ,svres1 #cae1 #cbe4 ,regni]1 director at ,svres1 #cae4 ,religion & art1 #bh1 #ca1 #hc1 #bcd1 #cih 7see "u ea* c\ntry74 ,r5>d1 ,m41 modell] at ,svres1 #bid4 ,reticulat$ porcela91 ,*9ese1 #aeb2 ,copel&'s1 #che4 ,revel1 #cdd4 ,rv]5d1 ,claude1 made 8c\nt]feit porcela910 #cab4 ,rhages1 #aic4 ,rhodes1 #baa1 #bac1 #bad1 #bae4 ,rhodes1 ,william1 pott] at ,j]sey ,city1 #def2 at ,v]mont1 #dfa2 at ,tr5ton1 #dfa4 ,rhodes ,yates1 ,tr5ton1 #dfa4 ,rhyton1 #bg1 #bbb1 #bbe4 ,ridgway1 ,job1 pott] at ,%elton1 #chh4 ,rim9i1 #bfb4 ,r+l]1 workman at ,vi5na1 #cdj1 et seq4 ,rob]t1 director at ,svres1 #cae4 ,rob]t1 ,joseph ,gasp>d1 arti/ at ,m>seilles1 #bhf1 #cag4 ,rob]tsons ( ,*elsea1 ,massa*usetts1 #dei1 #dfh1 et seq4 ,rob9son1 ,liv]pool1 arti/1 #cgd4 ,rock+ham w>e1 #cgf1 #chf1 #deh1 #dei1 #dfb4 ,rome1 #bd1 #bdj1 et seq4 ,roman1 --s1 #bcc1 #bdj1 et seq42 unglaz$ w>e1 #bde2 9 ,gaul1 #bgb2 9 ,g]many1 #cbg1 #cbh2 9 ,engl&1 #ced4 ,romulus1 #bdd4 ,ror/r& fai5ce1 #cdf4 ,rose-back decoration1 #adj4 ,rose family 7,*9ese & ,japanese71 #adj1 #ada1 #adb1 #agf1 #ahb1 et seq4 ,roses ( ,colebrookdale1 #cge1 #chg4 ,r\51 #abe1 #bha1 #caa1 #cab1 #ccj4 ,r\ndab\t1 ,new ,j]sey1 #dee4 ,r\se ,turn]1 ,j]sey ,city1 #def1 #deg4 ,rum9hauy1 ,p]uvian cacique1 #dje1 #dad4 ,russia1 #cdd1 #cde4 ,ru/iques figul9es1 #db1 #bgf1 #cdf4 ,sacr$ axe1 #abd4 ,sacr$ horse1 #aad4 8,sacr$ ?+s10 #abd4 ,sadl]1 ,john1 #cgd4 ,saguntum1 #bcc4 ,/4 ,am& fai5ce1 #caa4 ,/4 ,clem5t fai5ce1 #caa4 ,/4 ,cl\d1 #eb2 fai5ce1 #caa2 porcela91 #cab4 ,/4 ,d5is fai5ce1 #caa4 ,/4 ,john1 ,knights (1 #bae4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #cdd1 #cde4 ,/4 ,yrieix1 #ec1 #bhf1 #caf1 #cag4 ,saki or ,sake1 #agj4 ,salamis1 #bja1 #bjd4 ,salmon1 commission] at ,svres1 #cae4 ,salt glaze1 #ha2 discov]$ 9 ,engl&1 #cei2 us$ at ,lambe?1 #cgj4 ,samian w>e1 #ajd1 #bcc1 #bde2 9 ,engl&1 #ced4 ,s&wi*1 delft pott]y (1 #cei4 ,s&y ,hill1 ,new ,york1 #dfh4 ,san ,felipe1 #bcc4 ,sans1 ,?omas1 #cei4 ,santa ,cruz del ,qui*e1 #dbj1 #dba4 ,s>ac5s1--ic1 #ahi1 #bad1 #bae1 et seq41 #bcc1 et seq41 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdg1 #bdh4 ,s>gon1 #bjj4 ,s>reguem9es fai5ce1 #cji2 porcela91 #cji4 ,sassanian dyna/y1 #aij4 ,satsuma1 #afa1 #afg-agj4 ,sauvage1 ,*>les1 ,ni$]vill]1 arti/1 #caj4 ,savy1 ,honor1 pott] at ,m>seilles1 #bhe4 ,saxons1 #ced4 ,sayreville1 ,new ,j]sey1 #dee4 ,sc&9avians1 anci5t1 #cdd4 ,sc>abu1 #he2 z signet1 #ib1 #ic4 ,sceaux fai5ce1 #caa4 ,s*affhaus51 #ccj4 ,s*ele/adt1 #cbi4 ,s*iites1 #aia4 ,s*i/1 #ie4 ,s*norr1 ,john1 #eb4 ,scotl&1 anci5t rema9s1 #cec4 ,segg>s1 #gf4 ,seidji1 #agi4 ,seleucus ,nicanor1 #aij4 ,semi-*9a1 #deh1 et seq41 #dfc4 ,seto1 #aei1 #aha4 ,seville1 #bcf1 #bcg4 ,svres3 old pa/e analyz$1 #fa2 h[ porcela9 is made1 #fg1 #bci1 #bid2 fai5ce1 #caa2 ,royal factory at1 #cad1 et seq42 copi$ at ,/rasburg1 #cag2 value (1 #cai2 pate *angeante1 pate-sur-pate1 #cbf2 imitat$ 9 ,switz]l&1 #cdc2 arti/s 9 ,russia1 #cde2 imitat$ 9 ,*elsea1 #cgh2 ,coalport1 #chg2 copi$ 9 ,am]ica1 #ddc4 ,s=za family1 #bee1 #bef4 ,sgraffiato1 #bdi2 ,m9ton's1 #cfg4 ,%elton1 /one-w>e1 #cfj2 porcela91 #chf1 #chh4 ,%9toism1 #afa4 ,%iogun1 #afj4 ,%i\-ro1 #afb1 #agj4 ,%onsui1 #add1 #afj1 #agf1 #agi1 #ahe4 ,%rop%ire1 #cge1 #chg4 ,siam1 #ajh4 ,sicily1 #bag1 #bah1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdg4 ,siculo-,moresque1 #bdg4 ,sidon1 #bjj1 #baa4 ,si5a1 #bee4 ,silici\s glaze1 #fd4 ,simpson1 ,william1 ,engli% pott]1 #ceh4 ,skyphos1 #bbf4 ,smi?1 ,t4 ,c41 ( ,gre5po9t1 #ddc1 #dea2 sket* (1 #dgc1 et seq4 ,s(t porcela94 7,see artificial47 ,soli1 #bjd4 ,solon1 ,m41 #cbe1 #cbf1 #cha4 ,sometsuki1 #afa2 blue ,sometsuki1 #age1 #agi1 #ahf4 ,sonor\s /one1 #abd4 ,s\ffl1 #acb1 #aeb4 ,s\? ,amboy1 ,new ,j]sey1 clay1 #ddh1 #dee4 ,s\? ,am]ica1 #cia4 ,spa91 #baf1 #bag1 #bah1 #bcc-bci1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdi4 ,spani>ds 9 ,p]u1 #cie4 ,sp>kes1 ,mrs41 ,lambe? arti/1 #cga1 #cgb4 ,spode1 ,josiah1 #chb4 ,spr+ ,mills1 ,p5nsylvania1 #dee4 ,/af=d%ire1 ,delft1 #ceh2 /one-w>e1 #cei2 g5]al hi/ory1 #cei1 et seq4 ,/amnos1 #bbc1 #bbd4 ,/amps = bricks1 #hh1 #aja4 ,/annif]\s enamel1 #ej1 #ed1 #ef1 #fd1 #fe1 #ie1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajf1 #bag1 #bdj1 #bdg1 #bdh1 et seq41 #bec2 rsum ( hi/ory1 #bed2 9 ,france1 #bgc2 9 ,g]many1 #cbi4 ,/ates1 ,adam1 pott] at ,/on+ton1 #ded4 ,/eph5son ,hancock1 #cgi4 ,/ew>t ,co41 ,new ,york1 #deg4 ,/oke-^u-,tr5t1 #cei1 #cfe1 #chb4 ,/one *9a1 ,copel&'s1 #chg2 ,c>r's1 #deh4 ,/on+ton1 ,connecticut1 e>ly pott]y (1 #ded4 ,/one-w>e1 #ha1 #aah2 ,g]man1 #ccc2 ,engli%1 #ceh2 ,am]ican1 #ded1 et seq4 ,/rasburg1 fai5ce1 #bhf1 #caa2 porcela91 #caf4 ,/rat=d-le-,b[1 #cgg1 #dga4 ,/rehla1 #cbi4 ,sultaneah1 mosque (1 #ci1 #aie4 ,suma1 #agc4 ,sun z a symbol1 #hf4 ,sun-dri$ clay1 #gd2 ,egyptian1 #hh2 ,assyrian1 #ih1 #aja2 ,greek1 #bbj2 ,p]uvian1 #cif2 ,m\nd-build]s'1 #dbg2 ,pueblo1 #dca4 ,sunnites1 #aia4 ,surprise hydraulique1 #aeb4 ,swansea1 #chg4 ,sw$51 #cde1 et seq4 ,sw9ton1 #cgf1 #chf4 ,switz]l&1 #cbg1 #ccj1 #cca2 porcela91 #cdc4 ,tablet ( honor1 #abd4 ,tai-?s+1 #acd1 #ace1 #acg1 #ahe4 ,talhas1 #daf4 ,tam]lane1 #aij4 ,tao-te-k+1 #aaa4 ,t>qu9ii1 #bda4 ,t>qu9ius ,priscus1 #bdb1 #bdd4 ,t>sus1 #baa4 ,taylor ,speel]1 ,tr5ton1 #dei1 #dfj4 ,taylor1 ,william ,james1 pott]s1 ,j]sey ,city1 #def2 at ,tr5ton1 #dei4 ,t*'a1 #abb1 #aca4 ,t*ang1 #abb4 ,t*e\1 #acd4 ,t*e\ blue1 #abb1 #abc1 #aca4 ,t*9i1 #aif1 #aig4 ,t*\i1 #aaf4 ,tea-p>ties1 #afj4 ,te*nology1 #dh4 ,tegua1 #dcf1 et seq4 ,tellwrights ( ,/af=d%ire1 #cei4 ,t5nessee ,indians1 #ddj4 ,t]ra-cotta1 #fd2 ,egyptian1 #hh2 ,assyrian & ,babylonian1 #ajj-ajb2 ,indian1 #ajg2 ,phnician1 ,greek1 etc41 ,book ,,iii41 ,cap4 ,i41 passim2 ,greek1 #bbj1 et seq42 ,roman1 #bdf2 ,dani%1 #cdg1 et seq42 ,d\lton's1 #cgb2 ,am]ican1 anci5t1 #dbf2 mod]n1 #dee1 #deg1 #dfg1 et seq4 ,t]vu]51 #cca4 ,teuc]1 #bja4 ,teyl+51 #ccd4 ,?ang-kong1 #acj1 #acd1 #acg4 ,?o-tai-khi1 #adj4 ,?o?1 #ba4 ,?o?mes ,,iii41 #bjj1 #bjf4 ,?orvalds51 #cdh1 et seq4 ,?r[+1 #gj4 ,?ur+ia1 #cda4 ,?ursfield1 ,ri*>d1 #cge4 ,t9 enamel4 7,see ,/annif]\s47 ,t+-yao1 #abb1 #acd4 ,t9wor?1 ,george1 ,lambe? arti/1 #cga2 plaques by1 #cgc4 ,tlascalans1 #dbc1 #dbd4 ,t(t1 ,t4 & ,r41 ,engli% pott]s1 #cei4 ,tokio1 #aha4 ,toltecs1 #dbb1 #dbe1 #dbf1 #dbi4 ,tortoise-%ell w>e1 #cfa4 ,tossi-toku1 #afb1 #agj4 ,t\rnay1 fai5ce (1 #cca4 ,transmutation1 #acc4 8,treasures ( writ+10 #abd4 ,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 #dei-dfg4 ,tr5ton ,pott]y ,works1 #dfj4 ,trip\s1 #bbe4 ,tr\1 ,h5ry1 ( ,/4 ,cl\d1 #cab4 ,truit1 #abj4 ,tuck]1 ,?omas1 ,philadelphia1 #dgb4 ,tuck]1 ,william ,e41 ,philadelphia1 #dga4 ,tunisia1 #baf4 ,tun/all porcela91 #chf4 ,tup9ambas1 #dac4 ,turn]1 ,?omas1 ,caughley1 #chg4 ,turquoise blue1 h[ made1 #abc1 #aca2 ,fr5*1 #cbc1 #cbd2 ,m9ton's1 #cfg4 ,tuscany1 #bee4 ,tycoon1 #afj1 #afa1 #afc4 8,tygs10 #cei4 ,tyre1 #baa4 ,tyrians1 #bjj4 ,tyrrh5o-,pelasgians1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,ulysse ( ,blois1 #cji4 ,unbak$ pott]y4 7,see ,sun-dri$ clay47 ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ddb-dhg2 mat]ials1 #ddf-deb2 pott]y1 #dec-dgj2 porcela91 etc41 #dee1 #deg1 #deh1 #dei1 #dfa-dfc1 #dga-dhg4 ,univalve %ell1 #abd4 ,urb9o1 #bee1 #bef1 #beg1 #beh4 ,utah1 #dcb1 #dcg4 ,utz*neid] ,co41 #cji4 ,val5cia1 #bcc1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bch4 ,val5ci5nes1 #caa1 #cbj4 ,vance1 ,f4 ,t41 arti/1 #cia1 #dhd4 ,van ,wickle1 /one-w>e manufactur]1 #dee4 ,v>us1 #bd4 ,v5ice1 #bdg2 majolica1 #bfb2 porcela91 #eb1 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,v5us1 temple (1 #bjc4 ,vezzi1 ,francesco1 #bfi4 ,vi5na porcela91 #ec1 #cdj4 ,vill+51 #ccj4 ,v9c5nes fai5ce1 #caa2 porcela91 #cac1 #cad1 #cbj4 ,v9euf1 #bgj4 ,violet1 ,*9ese1 #adi4 ,virg9ia clay1 #ddg4 ,vi/a ,allegre1 #bci4 ,voleur1 ,jehan de1 #bgc4 ,von ,lang1 workman at ,cop5hag51 #cea4 ,vulcan1 #ba4 ,vulci1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,wack5field1 pott] at ,/rasburg1 #bhf1 #caf4 ,wag5a>1 #ahf4 ,walk] ,beely1 #chg4 ,walk]1 ,br[n1 ,aldr$ ,rickman1 #cge4 ,wall1 ,dr41 #chj4 ,w&ele91 director at ,la ,doccia1 #bfh4 ,w>r9 ,lycett1 decorators1 #dhc4 ,wa%+ton1 #bd1 #ajh1 #bic2 8 ,svres1 #cai4 ,wat]-vessels1 ,p]uvian1 #dja1 et seq4 ,watson1 ,j4 ,r41 #dee4 ,watts1 ,john1 p>tn] ( ,d\lton1 #cgj4 ,w$gwood1 imitation jasp]-w>e (1 #cji2 cameos (1 #ccj2 life (1 #cfa1 #cfg1 #cgd1 #chb2 us+ ,am]ican clays1 #ddf2 8 fe> ( ,am]ica1 #ded4 ,weesp1 porcela9 factory1 #cdc4 ,w5dri* ,son's t]ra-cotta1 #cdh4 ,:eildon1 ,t41 p>tn] ( ,w$gwood1 #cfb4 ,:i/l+ j>s1 ,p]uvian1 #dji1 #daj4 ,:ite1 ,*9ese1 #ade1 et seq41 #adg1 #adh4 ,will[-w>e1 #chb1 #chg4 ,w9t]?ur1 #ccj4 ,wood1 ,eno*1 #cfd4 ,woodbridge1 ,new ,j]sey1 clay1 #ddh4 ,worce/] porcela91 #cgi2 & silv]1 #dhg4 ,wr$e1 ,bri/ol pott]1 #cgc4 ,xanto1 ,francesco1 #beh1 #bfj4 ,xativa1 #bcc4 ,yang1 #aaj4 ,y>m\?1 #cge4 ,yebis1 #afb4 ,y$do1 #aha4 ,yell[1 imp]ial1 #aej4 ,yn1 #aaj4 ,ynca1 #bcf4 ,"y1 ,william1 ,nantg>r[1 #chg4 ,"y1 ,william1 ,sons1 ,tr5ton1 #dfj1 #dfa4 ,yu1 #adg4 ,yucatan1 #dbc1 #dbd4 ,zaff>9o1 arti/ at ,f]r>a1 #bfc4 ,zoroa/]1 #aij4 ,zuni1 #dca1 #dcf1 et seq4 ,zri*1 #ccj2 porcela91 #cdc4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,valuable ,,& ,,int]e/+ ,,works ,,= ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,art4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs w s5d ei!r ( ! above works by mail 7except+ ! l>g] works1 ^: weight excludes !m f ! mail71 po/age prepaid1 to any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on receipt ( ! price4 ,= a full li/ ( works publi%$ by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 see ,,h>p]',s ,,new ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,catalogue1 #ccb pp41 #hvo1 ) a ,,complete ,,analytical ,,index1 & a ,,visitors' ,,guide ,,to ,,_! ,,e/abli%m5t1 giv+ an int]e/+ description ( ! build+s 9 :i* _! bus9ess is c>ri$ on1 & ( ! v>i\s processes 9 ! manufacture ( _! books4 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