,unit$ ,/ates ,copyright ,(fice ,circul> #ba ,reproduction ( ,copyright$ ,works by ,educators & ,libr>ians ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,_m educators & libr>ians ask ab\t ! fair use & photocopy+ provisions ( ! copyright law4 ,! ,copyright ,(fice _c give legal advice or (f] op9ions on :at is p]mitt$ or prohibit$4 ,h[ev]1 we h publi%$ 9 ?is circul> basic in=mation on "s ( ! mo/ important legislative provisions & o!r docum5ts deal+ ) reproduction by libr>ians & educators4 ,also available is ! #aihc ,report ( ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights on ,libr>y ,reproduction ( ,copyright$ ,works 7#ag ,u4,s4,c4 #ajh74 ,! ,report & sev5 app5dixes c be pur*as$ 9 micr(i*e or pap] copies by writt5 reque/ f ! ,national ,te*nical ,in=mation ,s]vice1 ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce1 #ebhe ,port ,royal ,road1 ,spr+field1 ,,va #bbafa or by call+ ! ,sales ,desk at 7#gjc7dhg-dfej4 ,! ,,fax numb] = plac+ ord]s is 7#gjc7 #cba-hedg4 ,! ,,tty numb] = plac+ ord]s is 7#gjc7 #dhg-dfci4 ,:5 ord]+1 please include ! fol-l[+ ,,ntis ,accession ,numb]s3 ,,pb#hc #adhbci;,,acy1 ,entire ,set2 ,,pb#hc #adhbdg;,,acy1 ,report ,only2 ,,pb#hc #adhbed;,,acy1 ,app5dix l 7,k+ ,report72 ,,pb#hc #adhbfb;,,acy1 ,app5dix ,,ii 7,*icago ,he>+ & ,writt5 ,comm5ts72 ,,pb#hc #adhbgj;,,acy1 ,app5dix ,,iii 7,h\/on ,he>+ & ,writt5 ,comm5ts72 ,,pb#hc #adhbhh;,,acy1 ,app5dix ,,iv 7,wa%+ton ,he>+ & ,writt5 ,comm5ts72 ,,pb#hc #adhbif;,,acy1 ,app5dix ,v 7,anaheim ,he>+ & ,writt5 ,comm5ts72 ,,pb#hc #adhcjd;,,acy1 ,app5dix ,,vi 7,new ,york ,he>+ & ,writt5 ,comm5ts72 & ,,pb#hc #adhcab;,,acy1 ,app5dix ,,vii 7,f9al ,writt5 ,comm5ts74 ,! #aihh #e-ye> ,report ( ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights on ,libr>y ,reproduction ( ,copyright$ ,works is also available f ,,ntis4 ,use ,,ntis ,accession ,numb] ,,pb#hh #babjad;,,acy4 9999,cont5ts ( ,?is ,booklet9999 ,a4 ,introductory ,note 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444 #d ,b4 ,exclusive ,rights 9 ,copyright$ ,works 44444444444444444444444444444 #d #a4 ,text ( ,section #ajf 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #d #b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 #e ,c4 ,fair ,use 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444 #e #a4 ,text ( ,section #ajg 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 #e #b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 #f a4 ,introductory ,discussion 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #f b4 ,/atem5t ( ,int5tion z to ,classroom ,reproduction 444444444444444 #g 7i7 ,introductory ,/atem5t 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #g 7ii7 ,guidel9es ,) ,respect to ,books & ,p]iodicals 4444444444444444 #g 7iii7 ,guidel9es ,) ,respect to ,music 4444444444444444444444444444444 #i 7iv7 ,discussion ( ,guidel9es 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 #i c4 ,additional ,exc]pts 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #aj #c4 ,exc]pts ,f ,conf]5ce ,report 4444444444444444444444444444444444 #aj #d4 ,exc]pts ,f ,congressional ,debates 444444444444444444444444444444 #aa ,d4 ,reproduction by ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 444444444444444444444444444 #ab #a4 ,text ( ,section #ajh 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #ab #b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,s5ate ,report 44444444444444444444444444444444444444 #ac a4 ,discussion ( ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 9 ,pr(it-,mak+ ,in/itutions 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #ac b4 ,discussion ( ,multiple ,copies & ,sy/ematic ,reproduction 44444444 #ac #c4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 #ad a4 ,introductory ,/atem5t 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #ad b4 ,discussion ( ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 9 ,pr(it-,mak+ ,in/itutions4444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444 #ae c4 ,rights ( ,reproduction & ,di/ribution ,"u ,section #ajh 44444444 #ae d4 ,g5]al ,exemptions = ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 44444444444444444444 #af e4 ,discussion ( ,multiple ,copies & ,sy/ematic ,reproduction 44444444 #ag f4 ,discussion ( ,works ,exclud$ 4444444444444444444444444444444444444 #ag #d4 ,exc]pts ,f ,conf]5ce ,report 4444444444444444444444444444444444 #ag a4 ,introductory ,discussion ( ,section #ajh 444444444444444444444444444 #ah b4 ,conf]5ce ,committee ,discussion ( ,,contu ,guidel9es on ,photocopy+ & ,int]libr>y ,arrangem5ts 4444444444444444 #ah c4 ,repr9t ( ,,contu ,guidel9es on ,photocopy+ & ,int]libr>y ,arrangem5ts 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #ah d4 ,discussion ( ,audiovisual ,news ,program 4444444444444444444444444 #ai e4 ,discussion ( ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 9 ,pr(it-,mak+ ,in/itutions4444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444 #ai #e4 ,copyright ,(fice ,regulations ,"u ,section #ajh 4444444444444444444 #ai ,e4 ,liability = ,infr+em5t 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 #bj #a4 ,text ( ,section #ejd 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #bj #b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report 444444444444444444444444444444444444444 #ba #c4 ,exc]pts ,f ,conf]5ce ,report 4444444444444444444444444444444444 #bb ,f4 ,guidel9es = ,(f-air ,record+ ( ,broadca/ ,programm+ = ,educational ,purposes 44444444444444444444444444444444444444 #bb -------------------- ,a4 ,,introductory ,,note -------------------- 99,! ,subjects ,cov]$ 9 ,?is ,booklet99 ,! docum5t>y mat]ials collect$ 9 ?is booklet deal ) reproduction ( copyright$ works by educators1 libr>ians1 & ar*ivi/s = a v>iety ( uses1 includ+3 ,reproduction = tea*+ 9 educational in/itutions at all levels2 & ,reproduction by libr>ies & ar*ives = purposes ( /udy1 rese>*1 int]libr>y ex*anges1 & ar*ival pres]vation4 ,! docum5ts repr9t$ "h are limit$ to mat]ials deal+ ) reproduction4 ,"u ! copyright law1 reproduction c take ei!r ( two =ms3 ,! mak+ ( copies3 by photocopy+1 mak+ micro-=m reproductions1 videotap+1 or any o!r me?od ( duplicat+ visually-p]ceptible mat]ial2 & ,! mak+ ( phonorecords3 by duplicat+ s\nd record+s1 tap+ (f ! air1 or any o!r me?od ( recaptur+ s\nds4 ,! copyright law also conta9s v>i\s provisions deal+ ) importations1 p]=mances1 & displays ( copyright$ works = educational & o!r noncomm]cial purposes1 b !y are outside ! scope ( ?is booklet4 ,y c obta9 a copy ( ! /atute & in=mation ab\t specific provisions by writ+ to ! ,publications ,section1 ,,lm-#dee1 ,copyright ,(fice1 ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjeei-fjjj4 99,a ,note on ! ,docum5ts ,repr9t$99 ,! docum5t>y mat]ials 9 ?is booklet are repr9ts or exc]pts f six s\rces3 #a4 ,! ,copyright ,act ( ,octob] #ai1 #aigf4 ,?is is ! copyright law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 effective ,janu>y #a1 #aigh 7title #ag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ,public ,law #id-eec1 #ij ,/at4 #beda74 #b4 ,! ,s5ate ,report4 ,?is is ! #aige report ( ! ,s5ate ,judici>y ,committee on ,s4 #bb1 ! ,s5ate v]sion ( ! bill t became ! ,copyright ,act ( #aigf 7,s4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-dgc1 #id? ,cong41 #a/ ,sess41 ,novemb] #bj 7legislative day ,novemb] #ah1aige774 #c4 ,! ,h\se ,report4 ,?is is ! #aigf report ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ,judici>y ,committee on ! ,h\se am5dm5ts to ! bill t became ! ,copyright ,act ( #aigf 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-adgf1 #id? ,cong41 #b;d ,sess41 ,sep-temb] #c1aigf74 #d4 ,! ,conf]5ce ,report4 ,?is is ! #aigf report ( ! committee ( conf]5ce on ! disagree+ votes ( ! two ,h\ses on ! am5dm5ts ( ! ,h\se to ! bill 7,s4 #bb7 = ! g5]al revision ( ! ,copyright ,law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-agcc1 #id? ,cong41 #b;d ,sess41 ,septemb] #bi1aigf74 #e4 ,! ,congressional ,debates4 ,?is booklet conta9s exc]pts f ! ,congressional ,record ( ,septemb] #bb1 #aigf1 reflect+ /atem5ts on ! floor ( ,congress at ! "t ! bill 0 pass$ by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 7#abb ,,cong4 ,,rec4 ,h #ajhgd-gf1 daily edition1 ,septemb] #bb1aigf74 #f4 ,copyright ,(fice ,regulations4 ,^! are regulations issu$ by ! ,copyright ,(fice "u section #ajh deal+ ) w>n+s ( copyright = use by libr>ies & ar*ives 7#cg ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations ,sec4 #bja4ad74 ,items #b & #c on ?is li/--! #aige ,s5ate ,report & ! #aigf ,h\se ,report--pres5t special problems4 ,on _m po9ts ! language ( ^! two reports is id5tical or closely simili>4 ,h[ev]1 ! two reports 7 writt5 at diff]5t times1 by committees ( diff]5t ,h\ses ( ,congress1 on some:at diff]5t bills4 ,z a result1 ! discussions on "s provisions ( ! bills v>y widely1 & on c]ta9 po9ts !y disagree4 ,! disagreem5ts betwe5 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se v]sions ( ! bill itself 71 ( c\rse1 resolv$ :5 ! ,act ( #aigf 0 f9ally pass$4 ,h[ev]1 _m ( ! disagreem5ts z to matt]s ( int]pretation betwe5 /atem5ts 9 ! #aige ,s5ate ,report & 9 ! #aigf ,h\se ,report 7 left p>tly or :olly unresolv$4 ,x is !re=e difficult 9 compil+ a booklet su* z ?is to decide 9 "s cases :at to include & :at to leave out4 ,! ,h\se ,report 0 writt5 lat] ?an ! ,s5ate ,report1 & 9 _m cases x adopt$ ! language ( ! ,s5ate ,report1 updat+ x & con=m+ x to ! v]sion ( ! bill t 0 f9ally enact$ into law4 ,?us1 :]e ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! two ,reports are relatively m9or1 or :]e ! discussion 9 ! ,h\se ,report appe>s to h sup]s$$ ! discussion ( ! same po9t 9 ! ,s5ate ,report1 we h us$ ! ,h\se ,report z ! s\rce ( our docum5tation4 ,9 o!r cases we h includ$ exc]pts f bo? discussions 9 an ef=t to pres5t ! legislative hi/ory z fully & fairly z possible4 ,anyone mak+ a ?or\gh /udy ( ! ,act ( #aigf z x affects libr>ians & educators %\ld n1 ( c\rse1 rely exclusively on ! exc]pts repr9t$ "h b %\ld g back to ! prim>y docum5t>y s\rces4 ---------------------------------------- ,b4 ,,exclusive ,,rights ,,9 ,,copyright$ ,,works ---------------------------------------- #a4 ,text ( ,section #ajf ,! foll[+ is a repr9t ( ! entire text ( section #ajf ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 99,section #ajf4 ,exclusive rights 9 copyright$ works99 ,subject to sections #ajg ?r\gh #abj1 ! own] ( copyright "u ?is title has ! exclusive rights to d & to au?orize any ( ! foll[+3 7#a7 to reproduce ! copyright$ "w 9 copies or phonorecords2 7#b7 to prep>e d]ivative works bas$ ^u ! copyright$ "w2 7#c7 to di/ribute copies or phonorecords ( ! copyright$ "w to ! public by sale or o!r transf] ( own]%ip1 or by r5tal1 lease1 or l5d+2 7#d7 9 ! case ( lit]>y1 musical1 dramatic1 & *oreographic works1 pantomimes1 & motion pictures & o!r audiovisual works1 to p]=m ! copyright$ "w publicly2 & 7#e7 9 ! case ( lit]>y1 musical1 dramatic1 & *oreographic works1 pantomimes1 & pictorial1 graphic1 or sculptural works1 includ+ ! individual images ( a motion picture or o!r audiovisual "w1 to display ! copyright$ "w publicly4 99#b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report on ,section #ajf99 ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! ,h\se ,report on ! new copyright law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-adgf1 pages #fa-fb74 ,! text ( ! correspond+ ,s5ate ,report 7,s4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-dgc1 pages #eg-eh7 is sub/antially ! same4 ,,section #ajf4 ,,exclusive ,,rights ,,9 ,,copyright$ ,,works ,g5]al scope ( copyright ,! five fundam5tal rights t ! bill gives to copyright own]s--! exclusive rights ( reproduction1 adaptation1 publication1 p]=mance1 & display--are /at$ g5]ally 9 section #ajf4 ,^! exclusive rights1 :i* comprise ! s-call$ bundle ( rights t is a copyright1 are cumulative & may ov]lap 9 "s cases4 ,ea* ( ! five enum]at$ rights may be subdivid$ indef9itely &1 z discuss$ bel[ 9 connection ) section #bja1 ea* subdivision ( an exclusive "r may be own$ & en=c$ sep>ately4 ,! approa* ( ! bill is to set =? ! copyright own]'s exclusive rights 9 broad t]ms 9 section #ajf1 & !n to provide v>i\s limitations1 qualifications1 or exemptions 9 ! #ab sections t foll[4 ,?us1 ev]y?+ 9 section #ajf is made subject to sections #ajg ?r\gh #aah1 & mu/ be read 9 conjunction ) ^? provisions4 99 99 99 99,rights ( reproduction1 adaptation1 & publication99 ,! fir/ ?ree clauses ( section #ajf1 :i* cov] all rights "u a copyright except ^? ( p]=mance & display1 ext5d to e k9d ( copyright$ "w4 ,! exclusive rights encompass$ by ^! clauses1 ?\gh closely relat$1 are indep5d5t2 !y c g5]ally be *>act]iz$ z rights ( copy+1 record+1 adaptation1 & publi%+4 ,a s+le act ( infr+em5t may violate all ( ^! rights at once1 z :]e a publi%] reproduces1 adapts1 & sells copies ( a p]son's copyright$ "w z "p ( a publi%+ v5ture4 ,infr+em5t takes place :5 any "o ( ! rights is violat$3 :]e1 = example1 a pr9t] reproduces copies )\t sell+ !m or a retail] sells copies )\t hav+ any?+ to d ) _! reproduction4 ,! ref]5ces to copies or phonorecords1 al?\gh 9 ! plural1 are int5d$ "h & ?r\gh\t ! bill to include ! s+ul> 7#a ,u4,s4,c4 ,sec4 #a74 99,reproduction499--,read toge!r ) ! relevant def9itions 9 section #aja1 ! "r to reproduce ! copyright$ "w 9 copies or phonorecords means ! "r to produce a mat]ial object 9 :i* ! "w is duplicat$1 transcrib$1 imitat$1 or simulat$ 9 a fix$ =m f :i* x c be p]ceiv$1 reproduc$1 or o!rwise communicat$1 ei!r directly or ) ! aid ( a ma*9e or device4 ,z "u ! pres5t law1 a copyright$ "w w\ld be infr+$ by reproduc+ x 9 :ole or 9 any sub/antial "p1 & by duplicat+ x exactly or by imitation or simulation4 ,wide dep>tures or v>iations f ! copyright$ "w w\ld /ill be an infr+em5t z long z ! au?or's expression r ?an m]ely ! au?or's ideas are tak54 ,an exception to ?is g5]al pr9ciple1 applicable to ! reproduction ( copyright$ s\nd record+s1 is specifi$ 9 section #aad4 ,reproduction "u clause 7#a7 ( section #ajf is to be di/+ui%$ f display "u clause 7#e74 ,= a "w to be reproduc$1 its fixation 9 tangible =m mu/ be suffici5tly p]man5t or /able to p]mit x to be p]ceiv$1 reproduc$1 or o!rwise communicat$ = a p]iod ( m ?an transitory duration4 ,?us1 ! %[+ ( images on a scre5 or tube w\ld n be a violation ( clause 7#a71 al?\gh x might come )9 ! scope ( clause 7#e74 ----------- ,c4 ,,fair ,,use ----------- #a4 99,text ( ,section #ajg99 ,! foll[+ is a repr9t ( ! entire text ( section #ajg ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 99,section #ajg4 ,limitations on exclusive rights3 ,fair use99 ,not)/&+ ! provisions ( sections #ajf & #ajf;,a1 ! fair use ( a copyright$ "w1 includ+ su* use by reproduction 9 copies or phonorecords or by any o!r means specifi$ by t section1 = purposes su* z criticism1 comm5t1 news report+1 tea*+ 7includ+ multiple copies = classroom use71 s*ol>%ip1 or rese>*1 is n an infr+em5t ( copyright4 ,9 det]m9+ :e!r ! use made ( a "w 9 any p>ticul> case is a fair use ! factors to be consid]$ %all include-- 7#a7 ! purpose & "* ( ! use1 includ+ :e!r su* use is ( a comm]cial nature or is = non-pr(it educational purposes2 7#b7 ! nature ( ! copyright$ "w2 7#c7 ! am\nt & sub/antiality ( ! portion us$ 9 relation to ! copyright$ "w z a :ole2 & 7#d7 ! effect ( ! use ^u ! pot5tial m>ket = or value ( ! copyright$ "w4 ,! fact t a "w is unpubli%$ %all n itself b> a f9d+ ( fair use if su* f9d+ is made ^u consid]ation ( all ! above factors4 99#b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report on ,section #ajg99 ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! ,h\se ,report on ! new copyright law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-adgf1 pages #fe-gd74 ,! discussion ( section #ajg appe>s at pages #fa-fg ( ! ,s5ate ,report 7,s4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-dgc74 ,! text ( ?is section ( ! ,s5ate ,report is n repr9t$ 9 ?is booklet1 b simil>ities & diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,h\se & ,s5ate ,reports on p>ticul> po9ts w be not$ bel[4 99a4 ,h\se ,report3 ,introductory ,discussion on ,section #ajg99 ,! fir/ two p>agraphs 9 ?is portion ( ! ,h\se ,report are closely simil> to ! ,s5ate ,report4 ,! rema9d] ( ! passage diff]s sub/antially 9 ! two ,reports49999 ,,section #ajg4 ,,fair ,,use 99,g5]al backgr\nd ( ! problem99 ,! judicial doctr9e ( fair use1 "o ( ! mo/ important & well-e/abli%$ limitations on ! exclusive "r ( copyright own]s1 w\ld be giv5 express /atutory recognition = ! fir/ "t 9 section #ajg4 ,! claim t a def5dant's acts con/itut$ a fair use r ?an an infr+em5t has be5 rais$ z a def5se 9 innum]able copyright actions ov] ! ye>s1 & !re is ample case law recogniz+ ! exi/5ce ( ! doctr9e & apply+ x4 ,! examples enum]at$ at page #bd ( ! ,regi/]'s #aifa ,report1 :ile by no means exhau/ive1 give "s idea ( ! sort ( activities ! c\rts might reg>d z fair use "u ! circum/ances3 quotation ( exc]pts 9 a review or criticism = purposes ( illu/ration or comm5t2 quotation ( %ort passages 9 a s*ol>ly or te*nical "w1 = illu/ration or cl>ification ( ! au?or's obs]vations2 use 9 a p>ody ( "s ( ! cont5t ( ! "w p>odi$2 summ>y ( an address or article1 ) brief quotations1 9 a news report2 reproduction by a libr>y ( a portion ( a "w to replace "p ( a damag$ copy2 reproduction by a tea*] or /ud5t ( a small "p ( a "w to illu/rate a lesson2 reproduction ( a "w 9 legislative or judicial proce$+s or reports2 incid5tal & =tuit\s reproduction1 9 a newsreel or broadca/1 ( a "w locat$ 9 ! sc5e ( an ev5t be+ report$4 ,al?\gh ! c\rts h consid]$ & rul$ ^u ! fair use doctr9e ov] & ov] aga91 no real def9ition ( ! concept has ev] em]g$4 ,inde$1 s9ce ! doctr9e is an equitable rule ( reason1 no g5]ally applicable def9ition is possible1 & ea* case rais+ ! "q mu/ be decid$ on its own facts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! c\rts h evolv$ a set ( crit]ia :i*1 ?\gh 9 no case def9itive or det]m9ative1 provide "s gauge = balanc+ ! equities4 ,^! crit]ia h be5 /at$ 9 v>i\s ways1 b ess5tially !y c all be r$uc$ to ! f\r /&>ds :i* h be5 adopt$ 9 section #ajg3 7#a7 ! purpose & "* ( ! use1 includ+ :e!r su* use is ( a comm]cial nature or is = non-pr(it educational purposes2 7#b7 ! nature ( ! copyright$ "w2 7#c7 ! am\nt & sub/antiality ( ! portion us$ 9 relation to ! copyright$ "w z a :ole2 & 7#d7 ! effect ( ! use ^u ! pot5tial m>ket = or value ( ! copyright$ "w4 ,^! crit]ia are relevant 9 det]m9+ :e!r ! basic doctr9e ( fair use1 z /at$ 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( section #ajg1 applies 9 a p>ticul> case3 ,not)/&+ ! provisions ( section #ajf1 ! fair use ( a copyright$ "w1 includ+ su* use by reproduction 9 copies or phonorecords or by any o!r means specifi$ by t section1 = purposes su* z criticism1 comm5t1 news report+1 tea*+ 7includ+ multiple copies = classroom use71 s*ol>%ip1 or rese>*1 is n an infr+em5t ( copyright4 ,! specific word+ ( section #ajg z x n[ /&s is ! result ( a process ( accretion1 result+ f ! long controv]sy ov] ! relat$ problems ( fair use & ! reproduction 7mo/ly by photocopy+7 ( copyright$ mat]ial = educational & s*ol>ly purposes4 ,= example1 ! ref]5ce to fair use--by reproduction 9 copies or phonorecords or by any o!r means--is ma9ly int5d$ to make cle> t ! doctr9e has z mu* application to photocopy+ & tap+ z to old] =ms ( use2 x is n int5d$ to give ^! k9ds ( reproduction any special /atus "u ! fair use provision or to sanction any reproduction beyond ! normal & reasonable limits ( fair use4 ,simil>ly1 ! newly-add$ ref]5ce to multiple copies = classroom use is a recognition t1 "u ! prop] circum/ances ( fairness1 ! doctr9e c be appli$ to reproductions ( multiple copies = ! memb]s ( a class4 ,! ,committee has am5d$ ! fir/ ( ! crit]ia to be consid]$--! purpose & "* ( ! use--to /ate explicitly t ?is factor includes a consid]ation ( :e!r su* use is ( a comm]cial nature or is = non-pr(it educational purposes4 ,?is am5dm5t is n int5d$ to be int]pret$ z any sort ( n-=- pr(it limitation on educational uses ( copyright$ works4 ,x is an express recognition t1 z "u ! pres5t law1 ! comm]cial or non-pr(it "* ( an activity1 :ile n conclusive ) respect to fair use1 c & %\ld be weigh$ along ) o!r factors 9 fair use decisions4 99,g5]al int5tion beh9d ! provision99 ,! /atem5t ( ! fair use doctr9e 9 section #ajg (f]s "s guidance to us]s 9 det]m9+ :5 ! pr9ciples ( ! doctr9e apply4 ,h[ev]1 ! endless v>iety ( situations & comb9ations ( circum/ances t c rise 9 p>ticul> cases precludes ! =mulation ( exact rules 9 ! /atute4 ,! bill endorses ! purpose & g5]al scope ( ! judicial doctr9e ( fair use1 b !re is no disposition to freeze ! doctr9e 9 ! /atute1 especially dur+ a p]iod ( rapid te*nological *ange4 ,beyond a v broad /atutory explanation ( :at fair use is & "s ( ! crit]ia applicable to x1 ! c\rts mu/ be free to adapt ! doctr9e to p>ticul> situations on a case-by-case basis4 ,section #ajg is int5d$ to re/ate ! pres5t judicial doctr9e ( fair use1 n to *ange1 n>r[1 or enl>ge x 9 any way4 99b4 ,h\se ,report3 ,/atem5t ( ,int5tion z to ,classroom ,reproduction99 ,! ,h\se ,report diff]s sub/antially f ! ,s5ate ,report on ?is po9t4 997i7 ,introductory ,/atem5t99 99,int5tion z to classroom reproduction99 ,al?\gh ! works & uses to :i* ! doctr9e ( fair use is applicable are z broad z ! copyright law itself1 mo/ ( ! discussion ( section #ajg has c5t]$ ar\nd que/ions ( classroom reproduction1 p>ticul>ly photocopy+4 ,! argum5ts on ! "q are summ>iz$ at pp4 #cj-ca ( ?is ,committee's #aifg report 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #hc1 #ij? ,cong41 #a/ ,sess471 & h n *ang$ mat]ially 9 ! int]v5+ ye>s4 ,! ,committee also adh]es to its e>li] conclusion1 t a specific exemption free+ c]ta9 reproductions ( copyright$ works = educational & s*ol>ly purposes f copyright control is n ju/ifi$4 ,at ! same "t ! ,committee recognizes1 z x did 9 #aifg1 t !re is a ne$ = great] c]ta9ty & protection = tea*]s4 ,9 an ef=t to meet ?is ne$ ! ,committee has n only adopt$ fur!r am5dm5ts to section #ajg1 b has also am5d$ section #ejd7;c7 to provide innoc5t tea*]s & o!r non-pr(it us]s ( copyright$ mat]ial ) broad insulation aga9/ unw>rant$ liability = infr+em5t4 ,! latt] am5dm5ts are discuss$ bel[ 9 connection ) ,*apt] #e ( ! bill4 ,9 #aifg ! ,committee also s\ght to approa* ?is problem by includ+1 9 its report1 a v ?or\gh discussion ( ! consid]ations ly+ beh9d ! f\r crit]ia li/$ 9 ! am5d$ section #ajg1 9 ! context ( typical classroom situations aris+ today4 ,?is discussion appe>$ on pp4 #cb-ce ( ! #aifg report1 & ) "s *anges has be5 reta9$ 9 ! ,s5ate report on ,s4 #bb 7,s4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-dgc1 pp4 #fc-fe74 ,! ,committee has review$ ?is discussion1 & consid]s t x /ill has value z an analysis ( v>i\s aspects ( ! problem4 ,at ! ,judici>y ,subcommittee he>+s 9 ,june #aige1 ,*airman ,ka/5mei] & o!r memb]s urg$ ! p>ties to meet toge!r indep5d5tly 9 an ef=t to a*ieve a meet+ ( ! m9ds z to p]missible educational uses ( copyright$ mat]ial4 ,! response to ^! sugge/ions 0 positive1 & a numb] ( meet+s ( ?ree gr\ps1 deal+ respectively ) classroon1 reproduction ( pr9t$ mat]ial1 music1 & audio-visual mat]ial1 7 held beg9n+ 9 ,septemb] #aige4 997ii7 ,guidel9es ,) ,respect to ,books & ,p]iodicals99 ,9 a jo9t lett] to ,*airman ,ka/5mei]1 dat$ ,m>* #ai1 #aigf1 ! repres5tatives ( ! ,ad ,hoc ,committee ( ,educational ,in/itutions & ,organizations on ,copyright ,law ,revision1 & ( ! ,au?ors ,league ( ,am]ica1 ,inc41 & ! ,association ( ,am]ican ,publi%]s1 ,inc41 /at$3 ,y may rememb] t 9 our lett] ( ,m>* #h1 #aigf we told y t ! negotiat+ teams repres5t+ au?ors & publi%]s & ! ,ad ,hoc ,gr\p _h rea*$ t5tative agreem5t on guidel9es to ins]t 9 ! ,committee ,report cov]+ educational copy+ f books & p]iodicals "u ,section #ajg ( ,h4,r4 #bbbc & ,s4 #bb1 & t z "p ( t t5tative agreem5t ea* side w\ld accept ! am5dm5ts to ,sections #ajg & #ejd :i* 7 adopt$ by y\r ,subcommittee on ,m>* #c1aigf4 ,we are n[ happy to tell y t ! agreem5t has be5 approv$ by ! pr9cipals & we enclose a copy h]e)4 ,we _h orig9ally int5d$ to translate ! agreem5t into language suitable = inclusion 9 ! legislative report deal+ ) ,section #ajg1 b we h s9ce be5 advis$ by committee /aff t ?is w n be necess>y4 ,z /at$ above1 ! agreem5t ref]s only to copy+ f books & p]iodicals1 & x is n int5d$ to apply to musical or audiovisual works4 ,! full text ( ! agreem5t is z foll[s3 ,,agreem5t ,,on ,,guidel9es ,,= ,,classroom ,,copy+ ,,9 ,,n-,,=-,,pr(it ,,educational ,,in/itutions ,,) ,,respect ,,to ,,books ,,& ,,p]iodicals ,! purpose ( ! foll[+ guidel9es is to /ate ! m9imum & n ! maximum /&>ds ( educational fair use "u ,section #ajg ( ,h4,r4 #bbbc4 ,! p>ties agree t ! conditions det]m9+ ! ext5t ( p]missible copy+ = educational purposes may *ange 9 ! future2 t c]ta9 types ( copy+ p]mitt$ "u ^! guidel9es may n be p]missible 9 ! future2 & conv]sely t 9 ! future o!r types ( copy+ n p]mitt$ "u ^! guidel9es may be p]missible "u revis$ guidel9es4 ,moreov]1 ! foll[+ /atem5t ( guidel9es is n int5d$ to limit ! types ( copy+ p]mitt$ "u ! /&>ds ( fair use "u judicial decision & :i* are /at$ 9 ,section #ajg ( ! ,copyright ,revision ,bill4 ,!re may be in/ances 9 :i* copy+ :i* does n fall )9 ! guidel9es /at$ bel[ may none!less be p]mitt$ "u ! crit]ia ( fair use4 ,,guidel9es ,i4 ,s+le ,copy+ = ,tea*]s ,a s+le copy may be made ( any ( ! foll[+ by or = a tea*] at 8 or h] individual reque/ = 8 or h] s*ol>ly rese>* or use 9 tea*+ or prep>ation to tea* a class3 ,a4 ,a *apt] f a book2 ,b4 ,an article f a p]iodical or newspap]2 ,c4 ,a %ort /ory1 %ort essay or %ort poem1 :e!r or n f a collective "w2 ,d4 ,a *>t1 graph1 diagram1 draw+1 c>toon or picture f a book1 p]iodical1 or newspap]2 ,,ii4 ,multiple ,copies = ,classroom ,use ,multiple copies 7n to exce$ 9 any ev5t m ?an "o copy p] pupil 9 a c\rse7 may be made by or = ! tea*] giv+ ! c\rse = classroom use or discussion2 provid$ t3 ,a4 ,! copy+ meets ! te/s ( brevity & spontaneity z def9$ bel[2 &1 ,b4 ,meets ! cumulative effect te/ z def9$ bel[2 &1 ,c4 ,ea* copy includes a notice ( copyright ,def9itions 99,brevity99 7i7 ,poetry3 7a7 ,a complete poem if less ?an #bej words & if pr9t$ on n m ?an two pages or1 7b7 f a long] poem1 an exc]pt ( n m ?an #bej words4 7ii7 ,prose3 7a7 ,ei!r a complete article1 /ory or essay ( less ?an #b1ejj words1 or 7b7 an exc]pt f any prose "w ( n m ?an #a1jjj words or #aj ( ! "w1 :i*ev] is less1 b 9 any ev5t a m9imum ( #ejj words4 ,ea* ( ! num]ical limits /at$ 9 i & ii above may be exp&$ to p]mit ! completion ( an unf9i%$ l9e ( a poem or ( an unf9i%$ prose p>agraph4 7iii7 ,illu/ration3 ,"o *>t1 graph1 diagram1 draw+1 c>toon or picture p] book or p] p]iodical issue4 7iv7 ,special works3 ,c]ta9 works 9 poetry1 prose or 9 poetic prose :i* (t5 comb9e language ) illu/rations & :i* are int5d$ sometimes = *ildr5 & at o!r times = a m g5]al audi5ce fall %ort ( #b1ejj words 9 _! entirety4 ,p>agraph ii above not)/&iiig su* special works may n be reproduc$ 9 _! entirety2 h[ev]1 an exc]pt compris+ n m ?an two ( ! publi%$ pages ( su* special "w & conta9+ n m ?an #aj ( ! words f\nd 9 ! text !re(1 may be reproduc$4 99,spontaneity99 7i7 ,! copy+ is at ! in/ance & inspiration ( ! individual tea*]1 & 7ii7 ,! inspiration & decision to use ! "w & ! mom5t ( its use = maximum tea*+ effectiv5ess are s close 9 "t t x w\ld be unreasonable to expect a timely reply to a reque/ = p]mission4 99,cumulative ,effect99 7i7 ,! copy+ ( ! mat]ial is = only "o c\rse 9 ! s*ool 9 :i* ! copies are made4 7ii7 ,n m ?an "o %ort poem1 article1 /ory1 essay or two exc]pts may be copi$ f ! same au?or1 nor m ?an ?ree f ! same collective "w or p]iodical volume dur+ "o class t]m4 7iii7 ,!re %all n be m ?an n9e in/ances ( su* multiple copy+ = "o c\rse dur+ "o class t]m4 ,! limitations /at$ 9 ii & iii above %all n apply to curr5t news p]iodicals & newspap]s & curr5t news sections ( o!r p]iodicals4 99,,iii4 ,prohibitions z to ,i & ,,ii ,above99 ,not)/&+ any ( ! above1 ! foll[+ %all be prohibit$3 7,a7 ,copy+ %all n be us$ to create or to replace or sub/itute = an?ologies1 compilations or collective works4 ,su* replacem5t or sub/itution may occur :e!r copies ( v>i\s works or exc]pts !refrom are accumulat$ or reproduc$ & us$ sep>ately4 7,b7 ,!re %all be no copy+ ( or f works int5d$ to be consumable 9 ! c\rse ( /udy or ( tea*+4 ,^! include workbooks1 ex]cises1 /&>diz$ te/s & te/ booklets & answ] %eets & l consumable mat]ial4 7,c7 ,copy+ %all n3 7a7 sub/itute = ! pur*ase ( books1 publi%]s' repr9ts or p]iodicals2 7b7 be direct$ by high] au?ority2 7c7 be repeat$ ) respect to ! same item by ! same tea*] f t]m to t]m4 7,d7 ,no *>ge %all be made to ! /ud5t beyond ! actual co/ ( ! photocopy+4 ,agre$ ,,m>* #ai1 #aigf4 ,ad ,hoc ,committee on ,copyright ,law ,revision3 ,,by ,,%eldon ,,elliott ,,/e9ba*4 ,au?or-,publi%] ,gr\p3 ,au?ors ,league ( ,am]ica3 ,,by ,,irw9 ,,k>p1 ,c\nsel4 ,association ( ,am]ican ,publi%]s1 ,inc43 ,,by ,,alex&] ,c4 ,,h(fman1 ,*airman1 ,copyright ,committee4 7iii7 ,guidel9es ,) ,respect to ,music ,9 a jo9t lett] dat$ ,april #cj1aigf1 repres5tatives ( ! ,music ,publi%]s' ,association ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,inc41 ! ,national ,music ,publi%]s' ,association1 ,inc41 ! ,music ,tea*]s ,national ,association1 ! ,music ,educators ,national ,conf]5ce1 ! ,national ,association ( ,s*ools ( ,music1 & ! ,ad ,hoc ,committee on ,copyright ,law ,revision1 wrote to ,*airman ,ka/5mei] z foll[s3 ,dur+ ! he>+s on ,h4,r4 #bbbc 9 ,june #aige1 y & sev]al ( y\r subcommittee memb]s sugge/$ t conc]n$ gr\ps %\ld "w toge!r 9 develop+ guidel9es :i* w\ld be helpful to cl>ify ,section #ajg ( ! bill4 ,repres5tatives ( music educators & music publi%]s delay$ _! meet+s until guidel9es _h be5 develop$ relative to books & p]iodicals4 ,%ortly aft] t "w 0 complet$ & ^? guidel9es 7 =w>d$ to y\r subcommittee1 repres5tatives ( ! und]sign$ music organizations met toge!r ) repres5tatives ( ! ,ad ,hoc ,committee on ,copyright ,law ,revision to draft guidel9es relative to music4 ,we are v pleas$ to in=m y t ! discussions ?us h be5 fruitful on ! guidel9es :i* h be5 develop$4 ,s9ce private music tea*]s are an important factor 9 music education1 due consid]ation has be5 giv5 to ! conc]ns ( t gr\p4 ,we tru/ t ?is w be helpful 9 ! report on ! bill to cl>ify ,fair ,use z x applies to music4 ,! text ( ! guidel9es accompany+ ?is lett] is z foll[s3 ,,guidel9es ,,= ,,educational ,,uses ,,( ,,music ,! purpose ( ! foll[+ guidel9es is to /ate ! m9imum & n ! maximum /&>ds ( educational fair use "u ,section #ajg ( ,,hr #bbbc4 ,! p>ties agree t ! conditions det]m9+ ! ext5t ( p]missible copy+ = educational purposes may *ange 9 ! future2 t c]ta9 types ( copy+ p]mitt$ "u ^! guidel9es may n be p]missible 9 ! future1 & conv]sely t 9 ! future o!r types ( copy+ n p]mitt$ "u ^! guidel9es may be p]missible "u revis$ guidel9es4 ,moreov]1 ! foll[+ /atem5t ( guidel9es is n int5d$ to limit ! types ( copy+ p]mitt$ "u ! /&>ds ( fair use "u judicial decision & :i* are /at$ 9 ,section #ajg ( ! ,copyright ,revision ,bill4 ,!re may be in/ances 9 :i* copy+ :i* does n fall )9 ! guidel9es /at$ bel[ may none!less be p]mitt$ "u ! crit]ia ( fair use4 ,a4 ,p]missible ,uses #a4 ,em]g5cy copy+ to replace pur*as$ copies :i* = any reason are n available = an imm95t p]=mance provid$ pur*as$ replacem5t copies %all be sub/itut$ 9 due c\rse4 #b4 ,= academic purposes o!r ?an p]=mance1 s+le or multiple copies ( exc]pts ( works may be made1 provid$ t ! exc]pts d n comprise a "p ( ! :ole :i* w\ld con/itute a p]=mable unit su* z a section #a1 movem5t or aria1 b 9 no case m ?an #aj p]c5t ( ! :ole "w4 ,! numb] ( copies %all n exce$ "o copy p] pupil4 #b #c4 ,pr9t$ copies :i* h be5 pur*as$ may be edit$ or simplifi$ provid$ t ! fundam5tal "* ( ! "w is n di/ort$ or ! lyrics1 if any1 alt]$ or lyrics add$ if none exi/4 #d4 ,a s+le copy ( record+s ( p]=mances by /ud5ts may be made = evaluation or rehe>sal purposes & may be reta9$ by ! educational in/itution or individual tea*]4 #e4 ,a s+le copy ( a s\nd record+ 7su* z a tape1 disc or cassette7 ( copyright$ music may be made f s\nd record+s own$ by an educational in/itution or an individual tea*] = ! purpose ( con/ruct+ aural ex]cises or exam9ations & may be reta9$ by ! educational in/itution or individual tea*]4 7,?is p]ta9s only to ! copyright ( ! music itself & n to any copyright :i* may exi/ 9 ! s\nd record+47 ,b4 ,prohibitions #a4 ,copy+ to create or replace or sub/itute = an?ologies1 compilations or collective works4 #b4 ,copy+ ( or f works int5d$ to be consumable 9 ! c\rse ( /udy or ( tea*+ su* z workbooks1 ex]cises1 /&>diz$ te/s & answ] %eets & l mat]ial4 #c4 ,copy+ = ! purpose ( p]=mance1 except z 9 ,a7#a7 above4 #d4 ,copy+ = ! purpose ( sub/itut+ = ! pur*ase ( music1 except z 9 ,a7#a7 & ,a7#b7 above4 #e4 ,copy+ )\t inclusion ( ! copyright notice :i* appe>s on ! pr9t$ copy4 7iv7 ,discussion ( ,guidel9es ,! ,committee appreciates & comm5ds ! ef=ts & ! coop]ative ancl reasonable _s ( ! p>ties :o a*iev$ ! agre$ guidel9es on books & p]iodicals & on music4 ,repres5tatives ( ! ,am]ican ,association ( ,univ]sity ,pr(essors & ( ! ,association ( ,am]ican ,law ,s*ools h writt5 to ! ,committee /rongly criticiz+ ! guidel9es1 p>ticul>ly ) respect to multiple copy+1 z be+ too re/rictive ) respect to classroom situations at ! univ]sity & graduate level4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,committee notes t ! ,ad ,hoc gr\p did include repres5tatives ( high] education1 t ! /at$ purpose ( ! 4 4 4 guidel9es is to /ate ! m9imum & n ! maximum /&>ds ( educational fair use & t ! agreem5t ackn[l$ges !re may be in/ances 9 :i* copy+ :i* does n fall )9 ! guidel9es 4 4 4 may none!less be p]mitt$ "u ! crit]ia ( fair use4 ,! ,committee believes ! guidel9es are a reasonable int]pretation ( ! m9imum /&>ds ( fair use4 ,tea*]s w "k t copy+ )9 ! guidel9es is fair use4 ,?us1 ! guidel9es s]ve ! purpose ( fulfill+ ! ne$ = great] c]ta9ty & protection = tea*]s4 ,! ,committee expresses ! hope t if !re are areas :]e /&>ds o!r ?an ^! guidel9es may be appropriate1 ! p>ties w cont9ue _! ef=ts to provide additional specific guidel9es 9 ! same _s ( good w & give & take t has m>k$ ! discussion ( ?is subject 9 rec5t mon?s4 c4 ,h\se ,report3 ,additional ,exc]pts ,"u ! head+ ,reproduction & uses = o!r purposes1 ! ,h\se ,report1 at pages #gb-gd1 p>allels mu* ( ! mat]ial appe>+ at pages #fe-fg ( ! ,s5ate ,report "u ! same head+1 b ) "s diff]5ces4 ,! conc5trat$ att5tion giv5 ! fair use provision 9 ! context ( classroom tea*+ activities %\ld n obscure its application 9 o!r areas4 ,x mu/ be emphasiz$ aga9 t ! same g5]al /&>ds ( fair use are applicable to all k9ds ( uses ( copyright$ mat]ial1 al?\gh ! relative weight to be giv5 !m w diff] f case to case4 99 99 99 ,a problem ( p>ticul> urg5cy is t ( pres]v+ = po/]ity pr9ts ( motion pictures made be=e #aidb4 ,aside f ! deplorable fact t 9 a great _m cases ! only exi/+ copy ( a film has be5 delib]ately de/roy$1 ^? t rema9 are 9 imm$iate dang] ( dis9tegration2 !y 7 pr9t$ on film /ock ) a nitrate base t w inevitably decompose 9 "t4 ,! ef=ts ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ! ,am]ican ,film ,in/itute1 & o!r organizations to rescue & pres]ve ?is irreplaceable contribution to our cultural life are to be applaud$1 & ! mak+ ( duplicate copies = purposes ( ar*ival pres]vation c]tanly falls )9 ! scope ( fair use4 99 99 99 ,dur+ ! consid]ation ( ! revision bill 9 ! #id? ,congress x 0 propos$ t indep5d5t newslett]s1 z di/+ui%$ f h\se organs & publicity or adv]tis+ publications1 be giv5 sep>ate treatm5t4 ,x is argu$ t newslett]s are p>ticul>ly vuln]able to mass photocopy+1 & t mo/ newslett]s h fairly mode/ circulations4 ,:e!r ! copy+ ( portions ( a newslett] is an act ( infr+em5t or a fair use w necess>ily turn on ! facts ( ! individual case4 ,h[ev]1 z a g5]al pr9ciple1 x seems cle> t ! scope ( ! fair use doctr9e %\ld be consid]ably n>r[] 9 ! case ( newslett]s ?an 9 t ( ei!r mass-circulation p]iodicals or sci5tific j\rnals4 ,! comm]cial nature ( ! us] is a significant factor 9 su* cases3 ,copy+ by a pr(it-mak+ us] ( ev5 a small portion ( a newslett] may h a significant impact on ! comm]cial m>ket = ! "w4 ,! ,committee has exam9$ ! use ( exc]pts f copyright$ works 9 ! art "w ( calligraph]s4 ,! committee believes t a s+le copy reproduction ( an exc]pt f a copyright$ "w by a calligraph] = a s+le cli5t does n repres5t an infr+em5t ( copyright4 ,likewise1 a s+le reproduction ( exc]pts f a copyright$ "w by a /ud5t calligraph] or tea*] 9 a le>n+ situation w\ld be a fair use ( ! copyright$ "w4 ,! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights has recomm5d$ t ! committee report describe ! relation%ip betwe5 ?is section & ! provisions ( section #ajh relat+ to reproduction by libr>ies & ar*ives4 ,! doctr9e ( fair use applies to libr>y photocopy+1 & no?+ conta9$ 9 section #ajh 9 any way affects ! "r ( fair use4 ,no provision ( section #ajh is int5d$ to take away any rights exi/+ "u ! fair use doctr9e4 ,to ! contr>y1 section #ajh au?orizes c]ta9 photocopy+ practices :i* may n qualify z a fair use4 ,! crit]ia ( fair use are necess>ily set =? 9 g5]al t]ms4 ,9 ! application ( ! crit]ia ( fair use to specific photocopy+ practices ( libr>ies1 x is ! int5t ( ?is legislation to provide an appropriate balanc+ ( ! rights ( creators1 & ! ne$s ( us]s4 #c4 ,exc]pts ,f ,conf]5ce ,report on ,section #ajg ,! foll[+ exc]pt is repr9t$ f ! ,report ( ! ,conf]5ce ,committee on ! new copyright law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-agcc1 page #gj74 ,,fair ,,use ,s5ate bill ,! ,s5ate bill1 9 section #ajg1 embodi$ express /atutory recognition ( ! judicial doctr9e t ! fair use ( a copyright$ "w is n an infr+em5t ( copyright4 ,x set =? ! fair use doctr9e1 includ+ f\r crit]ia = det]m9+ its applicability 9 p>ticul> cases1 9 g5]al t]ms4 ,h\se bill ,! ,h\se bill am5d$ section #ajg 9 two respects3 9 ! g5]al /atem5t ( ! fair use doctr9e x add$ a specific ref]5ce to multiple copies = classroom use1 & x amplifi$ ! /atem5t ( ! fir/ ( ! crit]ia to be us$ 9 judg+ fair use 7! purpose & "* ( ! use7 by ref]r+ to ! comm]cial nature or nonpr(it educational purpose ( ! use4 ,conf]5ce sub/itute ,! conf]5ce sub/itute adopts ! ,h\se am5dm5ts4 ,! conf]ees accept z "p ( _! und]/&+ ( fair use ! ,guidel9es = ,classroom ,copy+ 9 ,n-=-,pr(it ,educational ,in/itutions ) respect to books & p]iodicals appe>+ at pp4 #fh-gj ( ! ,h\se ,report 7,h4 ,rept4 ,no4 #id-adgf1 z correct$ at p4 ,h #ajgbg ( ! ,congressional ,record = ,septemb] #ba1 #aigf71 & = educational uses ( music appe>+ at pp4 #gj-ga ( ! ,h\se report1 z am5d$ 9 ! /atem5t appe>+ at p4 ,h #ajhge ( ! ,congressional ,record ( ,septemb] #bb1 #aigf4 ,! conf]ees also endorse ! /atem5t conc]n+ ! mean+ ( ! ^w tea*] 9 ! guidel9es = books & p]iodicals1 & ! application ( fair use 9 ! case ( use ( television programs )9 ! conf9es ( a nonpr(it educational in/itution = ! deaf & he>+ impair$1 bo? ( :i* appe> on p4 ,h #ajhge ( ! ,congressional ,record ( ,septemb] #bb1 #aigf4 #d4 ,exc]pts ,f ,congressional ,debates ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! ,congressional ,record ( ,septemb] #bb1 #aigf1 includ+ /atem5ts by ,mr4 ,ka/5mei] 7,*airman ( ! ,h\se ,judici>y ,subcommittee responsible = ! bill7 on ! floor ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,,mr4 ,k,a,s,t,e,n,m,el,e,r4 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,*airman1 be=e conclud+ my rem>ks ,i w\ld l to discuss sev]al que/ions :i* h be5 rais$ conc]n+ ! mean+ ( sev]al provisions ( ,s4 #bb z report$ by ! ,h\se ,judici>y ,committee & ( /atem5ts 9 ! committee's report1 ,no4 #id-adgf4 99 99 99 ,ano!r "q involves ! ref]5ce to tea*] 9 ! ,agreem5t on ,guidel9es = ,classroom ,copy+ 9 ,n-=-,pr(it ,educational ,in/itutions reproduc$ at pages #fh-gj ( ! committee's report ,no4 #id-adgf 9 connection ) section #ajg4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t1 9 plann+ 8 or h] tea*+ on a day-to-day basis 9 a v>iety ( educational situations1 an individual tea*] w commonly consult ) in/ructional speciali/s on ! /aff ( ! s*ool1 su* z read+ speciali/s1 curriculum speciali/s1 audiovisual directors1 guidance c\nselors1 & ! l4 ,z long z ! copy+ meets all ( ! o!r crit]ia laid out 9 ! guidel9es1 includ+ ! requirem5ts = spontaneity & ! prohibition aga9/ ! copy+ be+ direct$ by high] au?ority1 ! committee reg>ds ! concept ( tea*] z broad en\gh to include in/ructional speciali/s work+ 9 consultation ) actual in/ructors4 ,also 9 consultation ) section #ajg1 ! committee's att5tion has be5 direct$ to ! unique educational ne$s & problems ( ! approximately #ej1jjj deaf & he>+-impair$ /ud5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! inadequacy ( bo? public & comm]cial television to s]ve _! educational ne$s4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t1 z long z cle>-cut con/ra9ts are impos$ & en=c$1 ! doctr9e ( fair use is broad en\gh to p]mit ! mak+ ( an (f-!-air fixation ( a television program )9 a non-pr(it educational in/itution = ! deaf & he>+ impair$1 ! reproduction ( a ma/] & a "w copy ( a caption$ v]sion ( ! orig9al fixation1 & ! p]=mance ( ! program f ! "w copy )9 ! conf9es ( ! in/itution4 ,9 id5tify+ ! con/ra9ts t w\ld h to be impos$ )9 an in/itution 9 ord] = ^! activities to be consid]$ z fair use1 x has be5 sugge/$ t ! purpose ( ! use w\ld h to be non-comm]cial 9 e respect1 & educational 9 ! s5se t x s]ves z "p ( a deaf or he>+-impair$ /ud5t's le>n+ environm5t )9 ! in/itution1 & t ! in/itution w\ld h to insure t ! ma/] & "w copy w\ld rema9 9 ! h&s ( a limit$ numb] ( au?oriz$ p]sonnel )9 ! in/itution1 w\ld be responsible = assur+ aga9/ its unau?oriz$ reproduction or di/ribution1 or its p]=mance or ret5tion = o!r ?an educational purposes )9 ! in/itution4 ,"w copies ( caption$ programs c\ld be %>$ among in/itutions = ! deaf abid+ by ! con/ra9ts specifi$4 ,assum+ t ^! con/ra9ts are bo? impos$ & en=c$1 & t no o!r factors int]v5e to r5d] ! use unfair1 ! committee believes t ! activities describ$ c\ld reasonably be consid]$ fair use "u section #ajg4 99 99 99 ,mr4 ,*airman1 because ( ! complexity ( ?is bill & ! delicate balances :i* x creates among compet+ economic int]e/s1 ! committee w resi/ ext5sive am5dm5t ( ?is bill4 ,on behalf ( ! committee ,i w\ld urge all ( my colleagues to vote favorably on ,sec4 #bb4 ,mr4 ,s,k,u,bl,t,z4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 w ! g5tleman yield8 ,mr4 ,,ka/5mei]4 ,i am happy to yield to my fri5d1 ! g5tleman f ,kansas4 ,mr4 ,,skubitz4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i ?ank my fri5d1 ! g5tleman f ,wiscons91 = yield+4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i h receiv$ a great deal ( mail f ! s*ooltea*]s 9 my di/rict :o are p>ticul>ly conc]n$ ab\t section #ajg--;fair use--! fair use ( copyright$ mat]ial4 ,hav+ be5 a =m] s*ooltea*] myself1 ,i believe !y make a good po9t & !re is a s9c]e fe> on _! "p t1 because ( ! vagu5ess or ambiguity 9 ! bill's treatm5t ( ! doctr9e ( fair use1 !y may subject !mselves to liability = an un9t5tional infr+em5t ( copyright :5 all !y 7 try+ to d 0 ! job = :i* !y 7 tra9$4 ,! va/ majority ( tea*]s 9 ?is c\ntry w\ld n kn[+ly infr+e ^u a p]son's copyright1 b1 z any tea*] c appreciate1 !re are times :5 in=mation is ne$$ & is available1 b x may be lit]ally impossible to locate ! "r p]son to approve ! use ( t mat]ial & ! pur*ase ( su* w\ld n be feasible &1 9 ! meantime1 ! tea*] may h lo/ t tea*able mom5t4 ,did ! subcommittee take ^! problems into consid]ation & did !y d any?+ to try & help ! tea*]s to bett] und]/& section #ajg8 ,h ! tea*]s be5 protect$ by ?is section #ajg8 ,mr4 ,k,a,s,t,e,n,m,el,e,r4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 9 response to ! g5tleman's "q & 8 obs]vations prec$+ ! "q1 ,i w\ld say1 inde$ !y h4 ,ov] ! ye>s ?is has be5 "o ( ! mo/ difficult que/ions4 ,x is a problem t ,i believe has be5 v successfully resolv$4 ,section #ajg on ,fair ,use has1 ( c\rse1 re/at$ f\r /&>ds1 & ^! /&>ds are1 namely3 ,! purpose & "* ( ! use ( ! mat]ial2 ! nature ( ! copyright$ "w2 ! am\nt & sub/antiality ( ! portion us$ 9 relation to ! copyright$ "w z a :ole2 & ! effect ( ! use ^u ! pot5tial m>ket = or value ( ! copyright$ "w4 ,^! are ! f\r ,fair ,use crit]ia4 ,^! alone 7 n adequate to guide tea*]s1 & ,i am sure ! g5tleman f ,kansas 7,mr4 ,,skubitz7 und]/&s t z a s*ooltea*] himself4 ,!re=e1 ! educators1 ! proprietors1 & ! publi%]s ( educational mat]ials did1 at ! committee's long insi/5ce1 get toge!r4 ,:ile !re 7 _m fruitless meet+s1 !y did f9ally get toge!r4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i w draw ! g5tleman's att5tion to pages #fe ?r\gh #gd 9 ! report :i* conta9 ext5sive guidel9es = tea*]s4 ,i am v happy to say t !re 0 an agreem5t rea*$ betwe5 tea*]s & publi%]s ( educational mat]ial1 & t today ! ,national ,education ,association supports ! bill1 & x has1 9 fact1 s5t a telegram :i* at ! appropriate "t ,i w make a "p ( ! ,,record & :i* reque/s support = ! bill 9 its pres5t =m1 believ+ t x has satisfi$ ! ne$s ( ! tea*]s3 999999 ,,national ,,education ,,association1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 ,septemb] #aj1 #aigf4 ,national ,education ,association urg5tly reque/s y\r support ( ! ,copyright ,revision bill1 ,h4,r4 #bbbc1 z report$ by ! ,judici>y ,committee4 ,?is compromise ef=t repres5ts a major break?r\gh 9 e/abli%+ equitable legal guidel9es = ! use ( copyright mat]ials = in/ructional & rese>* purposes4 ,we ask y\r support ( ! committee bill )\t am5dm5ts4 ,,james ,w4 ,,gre51 ,assi/ant ,director = ,legislation4 999999 ,mr4 ,,skubitz4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 if ! g5tleman w yield fur!r1 !n ! ,,nea is satisfi$ ) ! language 9 ! bill z x n[ /&s2 is t correct8 ,mr4 ,,ka/5mei]4 ,! g5tleman is correct4 ,mr4 ,s,k,u,bl,t,z4 ,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i ?ank ! g5tleman4 ---------------------------------------- - ,d4 ,,reproduction ,,by ,,libr>ies ,,& ,,ar*ives ---------------------------------------- - #a4 ,text ( ,section #ajh ,! foll[+ is a repr9t ( ! entire text ( section #ajh ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,section #ajh4 ,limitations on exclusive rights3 99,reproduction by libr>ies & ar*ives99 7a7 ,not)/&+ ! provisions ( section #ajf1 x is n an infr+em5t ( copyright = a libr>y or ar*ives1 or any ( its employees act+ )9 ! scope ( _! employm5t1 to reproduce no m ?an "o copy or phonorecord ( a "w1 or to di/ribute su* copy or phonorecord1 "u ! conditions specifi$ by ?is section1 if-- 7#a7 ! reproduction or di/ribution is made )\t any purpose ( direct or indirect comm]cial advantage2 7#b7 ! collections ( ! libr>y or ar*ives are 7i7 op5 to ! public1 or 7ii7 available n only to rese>*]s affiliat$ ) ! libr>y or ar*ives or ) ! in/itution ( :i* x is a "p1 b also to o!r p]sons do+ rese>* 9 a specializ$ field2 & 7#c7 ! reproduction or di/ribution ( ! "w includes a notice ( copyright4 7b7 ,! rights ( reproduction & di/ribution "u ?is section apply to a copy or phonorecord ( an unpubli%$ "w duplicat$ 9 facsimile =m solely = purposes ( pres]vation & security or = deposit = rese>* use 9 ano!r libr>y or ar*ives ( ! type describ$ by clause 7#b7 ( subsection 7a71 if ! copy or phonorecord reproduc$ is curr5tly 9 ! collections ( ! libr>y or ar*ives4 7c7 ,! "r ( reproduction "u ?is section applies to a copy or phonorecord ( a publi%$ "w duplicat$ 9 facsimile =m solely = ! purpose ( replacem5t ( a copy or phonorecord t is damag$1 det]iorat+1 lo/1 or /ol51 if ! libr>y or ar*ives has1 aft] a reasonable ef=t1 det]m9$ t an unus$ replacem5t _c be obta9$ at a fair price4 7d7 ,! rights ( reproduction & di/ribution "u ?is section apply to a copy1 made f ! collection ( a libr>y or ar*ives :]e ! us] makes 8 or h] reque/ or f t ( ano!r libr>y or ar*ives1 ( no m ?an "o article or o!r contribution to a copyright$ collection or p]iodical issue1 or to a copy or phonorecord ( a small "p ( any o!r copyright$ "w1 if-- 7#a7 ! copy or phonorecord becomes ! prop]ty ( ! us]1 & ! libr>y or ar*ives has _h no notice t ! copy or phonorecord w\ld be us$ = any purpose o!r ?an private /udy1 s*ol>%ip1 or rese>*2 & 7#b7 ! libr>y or ar*ives displays prom95tly1 at ! place :]e ord]s are accept$1 & includes on its ord] =m1 a w>n+ ( copyright 9 accordance ) requirem5ts t ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all prescribe by regulation4 7e7 ,! rights ( reproduction & di/ribution "u ?is section apply to ! entire "w1 or to a sub/antial "p ( x1 made f ! collection ( a libr>y or ar*ives :]e ! us] makes 8 or h] reque/ or f t ( ano!r libr>y or ar*ives1 if ! libr>y or ar*ives4 has fir/ det]m9$1 on ! basis ( a reasonable inve/igation1 t a copy or phonorecord ( ! copyright$ "w _c be obta9$ at a fair price1 if-- 7#a7 ! copy or phonorecord becomes ! prop]ty ( ! us]1 & ! libr>y or ar*ives has _h no notice t ! copy or phonorecord w\ld be us$ = any purpose o!r ?an private /udy1 s*ol>%ip1 or rese>*2 & 7#b7 ! libr>y or ar*ives displays prom95tly1 at ! place :]e ord]s are accept$1 & includes on its ord] =m1 a w>n+ ( copyright 9 accordance ) requirem5ts t ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all prescribe by regulation4 7f7 ,no?+ 9 ?is section-- 7#a7 %all be con/ru$ to impose liability = copyright infr+em5t ^u a libr>y or ar*ives or its employees = ! unsup]vis$ use ( reproduc+ equipm5t locat$ on its premises3 ,provid$1 ,t su* equipm5t displays a notice t ! mak+ ( a copy may be subject to ! copyright law2 7#b7 excuses a p]son :o uses su* reproduc+ equipm5t or :o reque/s a copy or phonorecord "u subsection 7d7 f liability = copyright infr+em5t = any su* act1 or = any lat] use ( su* copy or phonorecord1 if x exce$s fair use z provid$ by section #ajg2 7#c7 %all be con/ru$ to limit ! reproduction & di/ribution by l5d+ ( a limit$ numb] ( copies & exc]pts by a libr>y or ar*ives ( an audiovisual news program1 subject to clauses 7#a71 7#b71 & 7#c7 ( subsection 7a72 or 7#d7 9 any way affects ! "r ( fair use z provid$ by section #ajg1 or any contractual obligations assum$ at any "t by ! libr>y or ar*ives :5 x obta9$ a copy or phonorecord ( a "w 9 its collections4 7g7 ,! rights ( reproduction & di/ribution "u ?is section ext5d to ! isolat$ & unrelat$ reproduction or di/ribution ( a s+le copy or phonorecord ( ! same mat]ial on sep>ate occasions1 b d n ext5d to cases :]e ! libr>y or ar*ives1 or its employee-- 7#a7 is aw>e or has sub/aiitial reason to believe t x is engag+ 9 ! relat$ or conc]t$ reproduction or di/ribution ( multiple copies or phonorecords ( ! same mat]ial1 :e!r made on "o occasion or ov] a p]iod ( "t1 & :e!r int5d$ = aggregate use by "o or m individuals or = sep>ate use by ! individual memb]s ( a gr\p2 or 7#b7 engages 9 ! sy/ematic reproduction or di/ribution ( s+le or multiple copies or phonorecords ( mat]ial describ$ 9 subsection 7d73 ,provid$1 ,t no?+ 9 ?is clause prev5ts a libr>y or ar*ives f p>ticipat+ 9 int]libr>y arrangem5ts t d n h1 z _! purpose or effect1 t ! libr>y or ar*ives receiv+ su* copies or phonorecords = di/ribution does s 9 su* aggregate quantities z to sub/itute = a subscription to or pur*ase ( su* "w4 7h7 ,! rights ( reproduction & di/ribution "u ?is section d n apply to a musical "w1 a pictorial1 graphic or sculptural "w1 or a motion picture or o!r audiovisual "w o!r ?an an audiovisual "w deal+ ) news1 except t no su* limitation %all apply ) respect to rights grant$ by subsections 7b7 & 7c71 or ) respect to pictorial or graphic works publi%$ z illu/rations1 diagrams1 or simil> adjuncts to works ( :i* copies are reproduc$ or di/ribut$ 9 accordance ) subsections 7d7 & 7e74 #b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,s5ate ,report on ,section #ajh ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! #aige ,s5ate ,report on ! new copyright law 7,s4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-dgc1 pages #fg-ga74 ,:]e ! discussions ( p>ticul> po9ts are g5]ally simil> 9 ! two ,reports1 ! passages f ! lat] ,h\se ,report are repr9t$ 9 ?is booklet4 ,:]e ! discussion ( p>ticul> po9ts is sub/antially diff]5t1 passages f bo? ,reports are repr9t$4 a4 ,s5ate ,report3 ,discussion ( ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 9 ,pr(it-,mak+ ,in/itutions ,! limitation ( section #ajh to reproduction & di/ribution by libr>ies & ar*ives )\t any purpose ( direct or indirect comm]cial advantage is int5d$ to preclude a libr>y or ar*ives 9 a pr(it-mak+ organization f provid+ photocopies ( copyright$ mat]ials to employees engag$ 9 fur!rance ( ! organization's comm]cial ent]prise1 unless su* copy+ qualifies z a fair use1 or ! organization has obta9$ ! necess>y copyright lic5ses4 ,a comm]cial organization %\ld pur*ase ! numb] ( copies ( a "w t x requires1 or obta9 ! cons5t ( ! copyright own] to ! mak+ ( ! photocopies4 b4 ,s5ate ,report3 ,discussion ( ,multiple ,copies & ,sy/ematic ,reproduction 99,multiple copies & sy/ematic reproduction99 ,subsection 7g7 provides t ! rights grant$ by ?is section ext5d only to ! isolat$ & unrelat$ reproduction ( a s+le copy1 b ?is section does n au?orize ! relat$ or conc]t$ reproduction ( multiple copies ( ! same mat]ial :e!r made on "o occasion or ov] a p]iod ( "t1 & :e!r int5d$ = aggregate use by "o individual or = sep>ate use by ! individual memb]s ( a gr\p4 ,= example1 if a college pr(essor in/ructs 8 class to read an article f a copyright$ j\rnal1 ! s*ool libr>y w\ld n be p]mitt$1 "u subsection 7g71 to reproduce copies ( ! article = ! memb]s ( ! class4 ,subsection 7g7 also provides t section #ajh does n au?orize ! sy/ematic reproduction or di/ribution ( copies or phonorecords ( articles or o!r contributions to copyright$ collections or p]iodicals or ( small p>ts ( o!r copyright$ works :e!r or n multiple copies are reproduc$ or di/ribut$4 ,sy/ematic reproduction or di/ribution occurs :5 a libr>y makes copies ( su* mat]ials available to o!r libr>ies or to gr\ps ( us]s "u =mal or in=mal arrangem5ts ^: purpose or effect is to h ! reproduc+ libr>y s]ve z _! s\rce ( su* mat]ial4 ,su* sy/ematic reproduction & di/ribution1 z di/+ui%$ f isolat$ & unrelat$ reproduction or di/ribution1 may sub/itute ! copies reproduc$ by ! s\rce libr>y = subscriptions or repr9ts or o!r copies :i* ! receiv+ libr>ies or us]s might o!rwise h pur*as$ = !mselves1 f ! publi%] or ! lic5s$ reproduc+ ag5cies4 ,:ile x is n possible to =mulate specific def9itions ( sy/ematic copy+1 ! foll[+ examples s]ve to illu/rate "s ( ! copy+ prohibit$ by subsection 7g74 7#a7 ,a libr>y ) a collection ( j\rnals 9 biology in=ms o!r libr>ies ) simil> collections t x w ma9ta9 & build its own collection & w make copies ( articles f ^! j\rnals available to !m & _! patrons on reque/4 ,accord+ly1 ! o!r libr>ies discont9ue or refra9 f pur*as+ subscriptions to ^! j\rnals & fulfill _! patrons' reque/s = articles by obta9+ photocopies f ! s\rce libr>y4 7#b7 ,a rese>* c5t] employ+ a numb] ( sci5ti/s & te*nicians subscribes to "o or two copies ( ne$$ p]iodicals4 ,by reproduc+ photocopies ( articles ! c5t] is able to make ! mat]ial 9 ^! p]iodicals available to its /aff 9 ! same mann] :i* o!rwise w\ld h requir$ multiple subscriptions4 7#c7 ,sev]al bran*es ( a libr>y sy/em agree t "o bran* w subscribe to p>ticul> j\rnals 9 lieu ( ea* bran* pur*as+ its own subscriptions1 & ! "o subscrib+ bran* w reproduce copies ( articles f ! publication = us]s ( ! o!r bran*es4 ,! committee believes t section #ajh provides an appropriate /atutory balanc+ ( ! rights ( creators & ! ne$s ( us]s4 ,h[ev]1 nei!r a /atute nor legislative hi/ory c specify precisely :i* libr>y photocopy+ practices con/itute ! mak+ ( s+le copies z di/+ui%$ f sy/ematic reproduction4 ,isolat$ s+le spontane\s reque/s mu/ be di/+ui%$ f sy/ematic reproduction4 ,! photocopy+ ne$s ( su* op]ations z multi-c\nty regional sy/ems mu/ be met4 ,! committee !re=e recomm5ds t repres5tatives ( au?ors1 book & p]iodical publi%]s & o!r own]s ( copyright$ mat]ial meet ) ! libr>y community to =mulate photocopy+ guidel9es to assi/ libr>y patrons & employees4 ,conc]n+ libr>y photocopy+ practices n au?oriz$ by ?is legislation1 ! committee recomm5ds t workable cle>ance & lic5s+ proc$ures be develop$4 ,x is /ill unc]ta9 h[ f> a libr>y may g "u ! ,copyright ,act ( #aiji 9 supply+ a photocopy ( copyright$ mat]ial 9 its collection4 ,! rec5t case ( ,! ,williams & ,wilk9s ,company v4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates fail$ to significantly illum9ate ! application ( ! fair use doctr9e to libr>y photocopy+ practices4 ,inde$1 ! op9ion ( ! ,c\rt ( ,claims said ! ,c\rt 0 engag$ 9 a 'hold+ ,op]ation' 9 ! int]im p]iod be=e ,congress enact$ its pref]r$ solution4 ,:ile ! sev]al op9ions 9 ! ,wilk9s case h giv5 ! ,congress little guidance z to ! curr5t /ate ( ! law on fair use1 ^! op9ions provide additional support = ! balanc$ resolution ( ! photocopy+ issue adopt$ by ! ,s5ate la/ ye> 9 ,s4 #acfa & pres]v$ 9 section #ajh ( ?is legislation4 ,z ! ,c\rt ( ,claims op9ion succ9ctly /at$ !re is mu* to be said on all sides4 ,9 adopt+ ^! provisions on libr>y photocopy+1 ! committee is aw>e t ?r\gh su* programs z ^? ( ! ,national ,commission on ,libr>ies & ,in=mation ,sci5ce !re w be a significant evolution 9 ! function+ & s]vices ( libr>ies4 ,to consid] ! possible ne$ = *anges 9 copyright law & proc$ures z a result ( new te*nology1 a ,national ,commission on ,new ,te*nological ,uses ( ,copyright$ ,works has be5 e/abli%$ 7,public ,law #ic-egc74 #c4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report on ,section #ajh ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! ,h\se ,report on ! new copyright law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-adgf1 pages #gd-gi74 ,all ( ! ,h\se ,report's discussion ( section #ajh is repr9t$ "h2 simil>ities & diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,h\se & ,s5ate ,reports on p>ticul> po9ts w be not$ bel[4 a4 ,h\se ,report3 ,introductory ,/atem5t ,?is p>agraph is sub/antially ! same 9 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ,reports4 ,not)/&+ ! exclusive rights ( ! own]s ( copyright1 section #ajh provides t "u c]ta9 conditions x is n an infr+em5t ( copyright = a libr>y or ar*ives1 or any ( its employees act+ )9 ! scope ( _! employm5t1 to reproduce or di/ribute n m ?an "o copy or phonorecord ( a "w1 provid$ 7#a7 ! reproduction or di/ribution is made )\t any purpose ( direct or indirect comm]cial advantage & 7#b7 ! collections ( ! libr>y or ar*ives are op5 to ! public or available n only to rese>*]s affiliat$ ) ! libr>y or ar*ives1 b also to o!r p]sons do+ rese>* 9 a specializ$ field1 & 7#c7 ! reproduction or di/ribution ( ! "w includes a notice ( copyright4 b4 ,h\se ,report3 ,discussion ( ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 9 ,pr(it-,mak+ ,in/itutions ,! ,s5ate & ,h\se ,reports diff] sub/antially on ?is po9t4 ,! ,s5ate ,report's discussion is repr9t$ at page #ag1 above4 ,"u ?is provision1 a purely comm]cial ent]prise c\ld n e/abli% a collection ( copyright$ works1 call itself a libr>y or ar*ive1 & engage 9 =-pr(it reproduction & di/ribution ( photocopies4 ,simil>ly1 x w\ld n be possible = a non-pr(it in/itution1 by means ( contractual arrangem5ts ) a comm]cial copy+ ent]prise1 to au?orize ! ent]prise to c>ry out copy+ & di/ribution functions t w\ld be exempt if conduct$ by ! non-pr(it in/itution itself4 ,! ref]5ce to indirect comm]cial advantage has rais$ que/ions z to ! /atus ( photocopy+ done by or = libr>ies or ar*ival collections )9 indu/rial1 pr(itmak+1 or propriet>y in/itutions 7su* z ! rese>* & developm5t dep>tm5ts ( *emical1 ph>maceutical1 automobile1 & oil corporations1 ! libr>y ( a propriat>y hospital1 ! collections own$ by a law or m$ical p>tn]%ip1 etc474 ,!re is a direct int]relation%ip betwe5 ?is problem & ! prohibitions aga9/ multiple & sy/ematic photocopy+ 9 section #ajh 7g7 7#a7 & 7#b74 ,"u section #ajh1 a libr>y 9 a pr(it-mak+ organization w\ld n be au?oriz$ to3 7a7 use a s+le subscription or copy to supply its employees ) multiple copies ( mat]ial relevant to _! "w2 or 7b7 use a s+le subscription or copy to supply its employees1 on reque/1 ) s+le copies ( mat]ial relevant to _! "w1 :]e ! arrangem5t is sy/ematic 9 ! s5se ( delib]ately sub/itut+ photocopy+ = subscription or pur*ase2 or 7c7 use int]libr>y loan arrangem5ts = obta9+ photocopies 9 su* aggregate quantities z to sub/itute = subscriptions or pur*ase ( mat]ial ne$$ by employees 9 _! "w4 ,moreov]1 a libr>y 9 a pr(it-mak+ organization c\ld n evade ^! obligations by in/all+ reproduc+ equipm5t on its premises = unsup]vis$ use by ! organization's /aff4 ,isolat$1 spontane\s mak+ ( s+le photocopies by a libr>y 9 a =-pr(it organization1 )\t any sy/ematic ef=t to sub/itute photocopy+ = subscriptions or pur*ases1 w\ld be cov]$ by section #ajh1 ev5 ?\gh ! copies are furni%$ to ! employees ( ! organization = use 9 _! "w4 ,simil>ly1 =-pr(it libr>ies c\ld p>ticipate 9 int]libr>y arrangem5ts = ex*ange ( photocopies1 z long z ! reproduction or di/ribution 0 n sy/ematic4 ,^! activities1 by !mselves1 w\ld ord9>ily n be consid]$ = direct or indirect comm]cial advantage1 s9ce ! advantage ref]r$ to 9 ?is clause mu/ atta* to ! imm$iate comm]cial motivation beh9d ! reproduction or di/ribution itself1 r ?an to ! ultimate pr(it-mak+ motivation beh9d ! ent]prise 9 :i* ! libr>y is locat$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 section #ajh w\ld n excuse reproduction or di/ribution if !re 7 a comm]cial motive beh9d ! actual mak+ or di/ribut+ ( ! copies1 if multiple copies 7 made or di/ribut$1 or if ! photocopy+ activities 7 sy/ematic 9 ! s5se t _! aim 0 to sub/itute = subscriptions or pur*ases4 c4 ,h\se ,report3 ,rights ( ,reproduction & ,di/ribution ,"u ,section #ajh ,! foll[+ p>agraphs are closely simil> 9 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ,reports4 ,! rights ( reproduction & di/ribution "u section #ajh apply 9 ! foll[+ circum/ances3 99,ar*ival reproductions99 ,subsection 7b7 au?orizes ! reproduction & di/ribution ( a copy or phonorecord ( an unpubli%$ "w duplicat$ 9 facsimile =m solely = purposes ( pres]vation & security1 or = deposit = rese>* use 9 ano!r libr>y or ar*ives1 if ! copy or phonorecord reproduc$ is curr5tly 9 ! collections ( ! fir/ libr>y or ar*ives4 ,only unpubli%$ works c\ld be reproduc$ "u ?is exemption1 b ! "r w\ld ext5d to any type ( "w1 includ+ photographs1 motion pictures & s\nd record+s4 ,"u ?is exemption1 = example1 a repository c\ld make photocopies ( manuscripts by micr(ilm or electro/atic process1 b c\ld n reproduce ! "w 9 ma*9e-readable language = /orage 9 an in=mation sy/em4 99,replacem5t ( damag$ copy99 ,subsection 7c7 au?orizes ! reproduction ( a publi%$ "w duplicat$ 9 facsimile =m solely = ! purpose ( replacem5t ( a copy or phonorecord t is damag$1 det]iorat+1 lo/ or /ol51 if ! libr>y or ar*ives has1 aft] a reasonable ef=t1 det]m9$ t an unus$ replacem5t _c be obta9$ at a fair price4 ,! scope & nature ( a reasonable inve/igation to det]m9e t an unus$ replacem5t _c be obta9$ w v>y accord+ to ! circum/ances ( a p>ticul> situation4 ,x w always require rec\rse to commonly-kn[n trade s\rces 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ! normal situation also to ! publi%] or o!r copyright own] 7if su* own] c be locat$ at ! address li/$ 9 ! copyright regi/ration71 or an au?oriz$ reproduc+ s]vice4 99,articles & small exc]pts99 ,subsection 7d7 au?orizes ! reproduction & di/ribution ( a copy ( n m ?an "o article or o!r contribution to a copyright$ collection or p]iodical issue1 or ( a copy or phonorecord ( a small "p ( any o!r copyright$ "w4 ,! copy or phonorecord may be made by ! libr>y :]e ! us] makes 8 reque/ or by ano!r libr>y pursuant to an int]libr>y loan4 ,x is fur!r requir$ t ! copy become ! prop]ty ( ! us]1 t ! libr>y or ar*ives h no notice t ! copy w\ld be us$ = any purposes o!r ?an private /udy1 s*ol>%ip or rese>*1 & t ! libr>y or ar*ives display prom95tly at ! place :]e reproduction reque/s are accept$1 & includes 9 its ord] =m1 a w>n+ ( copyright 9 accordance ) requirem5ts t ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all prescribe by regulation4 99,out-(-pr9t works99 ,subsection 7e7 au?orizes ! reproduction & di/ribution ( a copy or phonorecord ( an entire "w "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 if x has be5 e/abli%$ t a copy _c be obta9$ at a fair price4 ,! copy may be made by ! libr>y :]e ! us] makes 8 reque/ or by ano!r libr>y pursuant to an int]libr>y loan4 ,! scope & nature ( a reasonable inve/igation to det]m9e t an unus$ copy _c be obta9$ w v>y accord+ to ! circum/ances ( a p>ticul> situation4 ,x w always require rec\rse to commonly-kn[n trade s\rces 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ! normal situation also to ! publi%] or o!r copyright own] 7if ! own] c be locat$ at ! address li/$ 9 ! copyright regi/ration71 or an au?oriz$ reproduc+ s]vice4 ,x is fur!r requir$ t ! copy become ! prop]ty ( ! us]1 t ! libr>y or ar*ives h no notice t ! copy w\ld be us$ = any purpose o!r ?an private /udy1 s*ol>%ip1 or rese>*1 & t ! libr>y or ar*ives display prom95tly at ! place :]e reproduction reque/s are accept$1 & include on its ord] =m1 a w>n+ ( copyright 9 accordance ) requirem5ts t ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all prescribe by regulation4 d4 ,h\se ,report3 ,g5]al ,exemptions = ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives ,p>ts ( ! foll[+ p>agraphs are sub/antially simil> 9 ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ,reports4 ,diff]5ces 9 ! ,h\se ,report on c]ta9 po9ts reflect c]ta9 am5dm5ts 9 section #ajh7;f7 & else:]e 9 ! ,copyright ,act4 99,g5]al exemptions99 ,clause 7#a7 ( subsection 7f7 specifically exempts a libr>y or ar*ives or its employees f liability = ! unsup]vis$ use ( reproduc+ equipm5t locat$ on its premises1 provid$ t ! reproduc+ equipm5t displays a notice t ! mak+ ( a copy may be subject to ! copyright law4 ,clause 7#b7 ( subsection 7f7 makes cle> t ?is exemption ( ! libr>y or ar*ives does n ext5d to ! p]son us+ su* equipm5t or reque/+ su* copy if ! use exce$s fair use4 ,ins(> z su* p]son is conc]n$ ! copy or phonorecord made is n consid]$ lawfully made = purposes ( sections #aji1 #aaj or o!r provisions ( ! title4 ,clause 7#c7 provides t no?+ 9 section #ajh is int5d$ to limit ! reproduction & di/ribution by l5d+ ( a limit$ numb] ( copies & exc]pts ( an audio-visual news program4 ,?is exemption is int5d$ to apply to ! daily newsca/s ( ! national television networks1 :i* report ! major ev5ts ( ! day4 ,x does n apply to docum5t>y 7except docum5t>y programs involv+ news report+ z t t]m is us$ 9 section #ajg71 magaz9e-=mat or o!r public affairs broadca/s deal+ ) subjects ( g5]al int]e/ to ! view+ public4 ,! clause 0 fir/ add$ to ! revision bill 9 #aigd by ! adoption ( an am5dm5t propos$ by ,s5ator ,bak]4 ,x is int5d$ to p]mit libr>ies & ar*ives1 subject to ! g5]al conditions ( ?is section1 to make (f-!-air videotape record+s ( daily network newsca/s = limit$ di/ribution to s*ol>s & rese>*]s = use 9 rese>* purposes4 ,z su*1 x is an adjunct to ! ,am]ican ,television & ,radio ,ar*ive e/abli%$ 9 ,section #aac ( ! ,act :i* w be ! pr9cipal repository = television broadca/ mat]ial1 includ+ news broadca/s4 ,! inclusion ( language indicat+ t su* mat]ial may only be di/ribut$ by l5d+ by ! libr>y or ar*ive is int5d$ to preclude p]=mance1 copy+1 or sale1 :e!r or n = pr(it1 by ! recipi5t ( a copy ( a television broadca/ tap$ (f-!-air pursuant to ?is clause4 ,clause 7#d71 9 addition to ass]t+ t no?+ conta9$ 9 section #ajh affects ! "r ( fair use z provid$ by section #ajg1 also provides t ! "r ( reproduction grant$ by ?is section does n ov]ride any contractual arrangem5ts assum$ by a libr>y or ar*ives :5 x obta9$ a "w = its collections4 ,= example1 if !re is an express contractual prohibition aga9/ reproduction = any purpose1 ?is legislation %all n be con/ru$ z ju/ify+ a violation ( ! contract4 ,?is clause is int5d$ to encompass ! situation :]e an individual makes pap]s1 manuscripts or o!r works available to a libr>y ) ! und]/&+ t !y w n be reproduc$4 ,x is ! int5t ( ?is legislation t a subsequ5t unlawful use by a us] ( a copy or phonorecord ( a "w lawfully made by a libr>y1 %all n make ! libr>y liable = su* improp] use4 e4 ,h\se ,report3 ,discussion ( ,multiple ,copies & ,sy/ematic ,reproduction ,! ,s5ate & ,h\se ,reports diff] sub/antially on ?is po9t4 ,! ,s5ate ,report's discussion is repr9t$ at page #ag4 above4 99,multiple copies & sy/ematic reproduction99 ,subsection 7g7 provides t ! rights grant$ by ?is section ext5d only to ! isolat$ & unrelat$ reproduction ( a s+le copy or phonorecord ( ! same mat]ial on sep>ate occasions4 ,h[ev]1 ?is section does n au?orize ! relat$ or conc]t$ reproduction ( multiple copies or phonorecords ( ! same mat]ial1 :e!r made on "o occasion or ov] a p]iod ( "t1 & :e!r int5d$ = aggregate use by "o individual or = sep>ate use by ! individual memb]s ( a gr\p4 ,) respect to mat]ial describ$ 9 subsection 7d7--articles or o!r contributions to p]iodicals or collections1 & small p>ts ( o!r copyright$ works--subsection 7g7 7#b7 provides t ! exemptions ( section #ajh d n apply if ! libr>y or ar*ive engages 9 sy/ematic reproduction or di/ribution ( s+le or multiple copies or phonorecords4 ,?is provision 9 ,s4#bb provok$ a /orm ( controv]sy1 c5t]+ ar\nd ! ext5t to :i* ! re/rictions on sy/ematic activities w\ld prev5t ! cont9uation & developm5t ( int]libr>y networks & o!r arrangem5ts involv+ ! ex*ange ( photocopies4 ,aft] ?or\gh consid]ation1 ! ,committee am5d$ section #ajh 7g7 7#b7 to add ! foll[+ proviso3 ,provid$1 t no?+ 9 ?is clause prev5ts a libr>y or ar*ives f p>ticipat+ 9 int]libr>y arrangem5ts t d n h1 z _! purpose or effect1 t ! libr>y or ar*ives receiv+ su* copies or phonorecords = di/ribution does s 9 su* aggregate quantities z to sub/itute = a subscription to or pur*ase ( su* "w4 ,9 addition1 ! ,committee add$ a new subsection 7i7 to section #ajh1 requir+ ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 five ye>s f ! effective date ( ! new ,act & at five ye> int]vals !reaft]1 to report to ,congress ^u ! ext5t to :i* ?is section has a*iev$ ! int5d$ /atutory balanc+ ( ! rights ( creators1 & ! ne$s ( us]s1 & to make appropriate legislative or o!r recomm5dations4 ,z not$ 9 connection ) section #ajg1 ! ,committee also am5d$ section #ejd7;c7 9 a way t w\ld insulate libr>ians f unw>rant$ liability = copyright infr+em5t2 ?is am5dm5t is discuss$ bel[4 ,! key phrases 9 ! ,committee's am5dm5t ( section #ajh7;g7 7#b7 are aggregate quantities & sub/itute = a subscription to or pur*ase ( a "w4 ,to be implem5t$ effectively 9 practice1 ^! provisions w require ! developm5t & implem5tation ( m-or-less specific guidel9es e/abli%+ crit]ia to gov]n v>i\s situations4 ,! ,national ,commission on ,new ,te*nological ,uses ( ,copyright$ ,works 7,,contu7 (f]$ to provide good (fices 9 help+ to develop ^! guidel9es4 ,?is (f] 0 accept$ &1 al?\gh ! f9al text ( guidel9es has n yet be5 a*iev$1 ! ,committee has reason to hope t1 )9 ! next mon?1 "s agreem5t c be rea*$ on an initial set ( guidel9es cov]+ practices "u section #ajh7;g77#b74 f4 ,h\se ,report3 ,discussion ( ,works ,exclud$ ,! ,h\se ,report's discussion ( section #ajh7;h7 is long] ?an ! correspond+ p>agraph 9 ! ,s5ate ,report1 & reflects c]ta9 am5dm5ts 9 ! subsection4 99,works exclud$99 ,subsection 7h7 provides t ! rights ( reproduction & di/ribution "u ?is section d n apply to a musical "w1 a pictorial1 graphic or sculptural "w1 or a motion picture or o!r audiovisual "w o!r ?an an audiovisual "w deal+ ) news4 ,! latt] t]m is int5d$ z ! equival5t 9 mean+ ( ! phrase audio-visual news program 9 section #ajh 7f7 7#c74 ,! exclusions "u subsection 7h7 d n apply to ar*ival reproduction "u subsection 7b71 to replacem5t ( damag$ or lo/ copies or phonorecords "u subsection 7c71 or to pictorial or graphic works publi%$ z illu/rations1 diagrams1 or simil> adjuncts to works ( :i* copies are reproduc$ or di/ribut$ 9 accordance ) subsections 7d7 & 7e74 ,al?\gh subsection 7h7 g5]ally removes musical1 graphic1 & audiovisual works f ! specific exemptions ( section #ajh1 x is important to recognize t ! doctr9e ( fair use "u section #ajg rema9s fully applicable to ! photocopy+ or o!r reproduction ( su* works4 ,9 ! case ( music1 = example1 x w\ld be fair use = a s*ol> do+ musicological rese>* to h a libr>y supply a copy ( a portion ( a score or to reproduce portions ( a phonorecord ( a "w4 ,no?+ 9 section #ajh impairs ! applicability ( ! fair use doctr9e to a wide v>iety ( situations involv+ photocopy+ or o!r reproduction by a libr>y ( copyright$ mat]ial 9 its collections1 :]e ! us] reque/s ! reproduction = legitimate s*ol>ly or rese>* purposes4 #d4 ,exc]pts ,f ,conf]5ce ,report ,! foll[+ exc]pt is repr9t$ f ! ,report ( ! ,conf]5ce ,committee on ! new copyright law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-agcc1 pages #gj-gd74 a4 ,conf]5ce ,report3 ,introductory ,discussion ( ,section #ajh ,,reproduction ,,by ,,libr>ies ,,& ,,ar*ives ,s5ate bill ,section #ajh ( ! ,s5ate bill dealt ) a v>iety ( situations involv+ photocopy+ & o!r =ms ( reproduction by libr>ies & ar*ives4 ,x specifi$ ! conditions "u :i* s+le copies ( copyright$ mat]ial c be noncomm]cially reproduc$ & di/ribut$1 b made cle> t ! privileges ( a libr>y or ar*ives "u ! section d n apply :]e ! reproduction or di/ribution is ( multiple copies or is sy/ematic4 ,"u subsection 7f71 ! section 0 n to be con/ru$ z limit+ ! reproduction & di/ribution1 by a libr>y or ar*ive meet+ ! basic crit]ia ( ! section1 ( a limit$ numb] ( copies & exc]pts ( an audiovisual news program4 ,h\se bill ,! ,h\se bill am5d$ section #ajh to make cle> t1 9 cases involv+ int]libr>y arrangem5ts = ! ex*ange ( photocopies1 ! activity w\ld n be consid]$ sy/ematic z long z ! libr>y or ar*ives receiv+ ! reproductions = di/ribution does n d s 9 su* aggregate quantities z to sub/itute = a subscription to or pur*ase ( ! "w4 ,a new subsection 7i7 direct$ ! ,regi/] ( ,copyrights1 by ! end ( #aihb & at five-ye> int]vals !reaft]1 to report on ! practical success ( ! section 9 balanc+ ! v>i\s int]e/s1 & to make recomm5dations = any ne$$ *anges4 ,) respect to audiovisual news programs1 ! ,h\se bill limit$ ! scope ( ! di/ribution privilege confirm$ by section #ajh 7f7 7#c7 to cases :]e ! di/ribution takes ! =m ( a loan4 b4 ,conf]5ce ,report3 ,conf]5ce ,committee ,discussion ( ,,contu ,guidel9es on ,photocopy+ & ,int]libr>y ,arrangem5ts ,conf]5ce sub/itute ,! conf]5ce sub/itute adopts ! provisions ( section #ajh z am5d$ by ! ,h\se bill4 ,9 do+ s1 ! conf]ees h not$ two lett]s dat$ ,septemb] #bb1 #aigf1 s5t respectively to ,john ,l4 ,mc,clellan1 ,*airman ( ! ,s5ate ,judici>y ,subcommittee on ,pat5ts1 ,tradem>ks1 & ,copyrights1 & to ,rob]t ,w4 ,ka/5mei]1 ,*airman ( ! ,h\se ,judici>y ,subcommittee on ,c\rts1 ,civil ,lib]ties1 & ! ,adm9i/ration ( ,ju/ice4 ,! lett]s1 f ! ,*airman ( ! ,national ,commission on ,new ,te*nological ,uses ( ,copyright$ ,works 7,,contu71 ,/anley ,h4 ,fuld1 transmitt$ a docum5t consi/+ ( guidel9es int]pret+ ! provision 9 subsection #ajh 7g7 7#b7 ( ,s4 #bb1 z approv$ by ! ,h\se ,committee on ! ,judici>y4 ,*airman ,fuld's lett]s expla9 t1 foll[+ l5g?y consultations ) ! p>ties conc]n$1 ! ,commission adopt$ ^! guidel9es z fair & workable & ) ! hope t ! conf]ees on ,s4 #bb may f9d t !y m]it inclusion 9 ! conf]5ce report4 ,! lett]s add t1 al?\gh "t did n p]mit secur+ signatures ( ! repres5tatives ( ! pr9cipal libr>y organizations or ( ! organizations repres5t+ publi%]s & au?ors on ^! guidel9es1 ! ,commission _h receiv$ oral assurances f ^! repres5tatives t ! guidel9es are acceptable to _! organizations4 ,! conf]5ce committee und]/&s t ! guidel9es are n int5d$ z1 & _c be consid]$1 explicit rules or directions gov]n+ any & all cases1 n[ or 9 ! future4 ,x is recogniz$ t _! purpose is to provide guidance 9 ! mo/ commonly-enc\nt]$ int]libr>y photocopy+ situations1 t !y are n int5d$ to be limit+ or det]m9ative 9 !mselves or ) respect to o!r situations1 & t !y deal ) an evolv+ situation t w und\bt$ly require _! cont9u\s reevaluation & adju/m5t4 ,) ^! qualifications1 ! conf]5ce committee agrees t ! guidel9es are a reasonable int]pretation ( ! proviso ( section #ajh 7g7 7#b7 9 ! mo/ common situations to :i* !y apply today4 c4 ,conf]5ce ,report3 ,repr9t ( ,,contu ,guidel9es on ,photocopy+ & ,int]libr>y ,arrangem5ts ,! text ( ! guidel9es foll[s3 ,,photocopy+--,,int]libr>y ,,arrangem5ts ,,introduction ,subsection #ajh7;g77#b7 ( ! bill deals1 among o!r ?+s1 ) limits on int]libr>y arrangem5ts = photocopy+4 ,x prohibits sy/ematic photocopy+ ( copyright$ mat]ials b p]mits int]libr>y arrangem5ts t d n h1 z _! purpose or effect1 t ! libr>y or ar*ives receiv+ su* copies or phonorecords = di/ribution does s 9 su* aggregate quantities z to sub/itute = a subscription to or pur*ase ( su* "w4 ,! ,national ,commission on ,new ,te*nological ,uses ( ,copyright$ ,works (f]$ its good (fices to ! ,h\se & ,s5ate subcommittees 9 br++ ! int]e/$ p>ties toge!r to see if agreem5t c\ld be rea*$ on :at a reali/ic def9ition w\ld be ( su* aggregate quantities4 ,! ,commission consult$ ) ! p>ties & sugge/$ ! int]pretation :i* foll[s1 on :i* !re has be5 sub/antial agreem5t by ! pr9cipal libr>y1 publi%]1 & au?or organizations4 ,! ,commission consid]s ! guidel9es :i* foll[ to be a workable & fair int]pretation ( ! int5t ( ! proviso portion ( subsection #ajh7;g77#b74 ,^! guidel9es are int5d$ to provide guidance 9 ! application ( section #ajh to ! mo/ frequ5tly enc\nt]$ int]libr>y case3 a libr>y's obta9+ f ano!r libr>y1 9 lieu ( int]libr>y loan1 copies ( articles f relatively rec5t issues ( p]iodicals--^? publi%$ )9 five ye>s prior to ! date ( ! reque/4 ,! guidel9es d n specify :at aggregate quantity ( copies ( an article or articles publi%$ 9 a p]iodical1 ! issue date ( :i* is m ?an five ye>s prior to ! date :5 ! reque/ = ! copy !re( is made1 con/itutes a sub/itute = a subscription to su* p]iodical4 ,! mean+ ( ! proviso to subsection #ajh7;g77#b7 9 su* case is left to future int]pretation4 ,! po9t has be5 made t ! pres5t practice on int]libr>y loans & use ( photocopies 9 lieu ( loans may be supplem5t$ or ev5 l>gely replac$ by a sy/em 9 :i* "o or m ag5cies or in/itutions1 public or private1 exi/ = ! specific purpose ( provid+ a c5tral s\rce = photocopies4 ,( c\rse1 ^! guidel9es w\ld n apply to su* a situation4 ,,guidel9es ,,= ,,! ,,proviso ,,( ,,subsection #ajh 7,g77#b7 #a4 ,z us$ 9 ! proviso ( subsection #ajh 7g7 7#b71 ! words 4 4 4 su* aggregate quantities z to sub/itute = a subscription to or pur*ase ( su* "w %all mean3 7a7 ) respect to any giv5 p]iodical 7z oppos$ to any giv5 issue ( a p]iodical71 fill$ reque/s ( a libr>y or ar*ives 7a reque/+ entity7 )9 any cal5d> ye> = a total ( six or m copies ( an article or articles publi%$ 9 su* p]iodical )9 five ye>s prior to ! date ( ! reque/4 ,^! guidel9es specifically %all n apply1 directly or indirectly1 to any reque/ ( a reque/+ entity = a copy or copies ( an article or articles publi%$ 9 any issue ( a p]iodical1 ! publication date ( :i* is m ?an five ye>s prior to ! date :5 ! reque/ is made4 ,^! guidel9es d n def9e ! mean+1 ) respect to su* a reque/1 ( 4 4 4 su* aggregate quantities z to sub/itute = a subscription to su* p]iodical4 7b7 ,) respect to any o!r mat]ial describ$ 9 subsection #ajh 7d71 7includ+ fiction & poetry71 fill$ reque/s ( a reque/+ entity )9 any cal5d> ye> = a total ( six or m copies or phonorecords ( or f any giv5 "w 7includ+ a collective "w7 dur+ ! entire p]iod :5 su* mat]ial %all be protect$ by copyright4 #b4 ,9 ! ev5t t a reque/+ entity-- 7a7 %all h 9 =ce or %all h ent]$ an ord] = a subscription to a p]iodical1 or 7b7 has )9 its collection1 or %all h ent]$ an ord] =1 a copy or phonorecord ( any o!r copyright$ "w1 mat]ial f ei!r category ( :i* x desires to obta9 by copy f ano!r libr>y or ar*ives 7! supply+ entity71 because ! mat]ial to be copi$ is n reasonably available = use by ! reque/+ entity itself1 !n ! fulfillm5t ( su* reque/ %all be treat$ z ?\gh ! reque/+ entity made su* copy f its own collection4 ,a libr>y or ar*ives may reque/ a copy or phonorecord f a supply+ entity only "u ^? circum/ances :]e ! reque/+ entity w\ld h be5 able1 "u ! o!r provisions ( section #ajh1 to supply su* copy f mat]ials 9 its own collection4 #c4 ,no reque/ = a copy or phonorecord ( any mat]ial to :i* ^! guidel9es apply may be fulfill$ by ! supply+ entity unless su* reque/ is accompani$ by a repres5tation by ! reque/+ entity t ! reque/ 0 made 9 con=mity ) ^! guidel9es4 #d4 ,! reque/+ entity %all ma9ta9 records ( all reque/s made by x = copies or phonorecords ( any mat]ials to :i* ^! guidel9es apply & %all ma9ta9 records ( ! fulfillm5t ( su* reque/s1 :i* records %all be reta9$ until ! end ( ! ?ird complete cal5d> ye> aft] ! end ( ! cal5d> ye> 9 :i* ! respective reque/ %all h be5 made4 #e4 ,z "p ( ! review provid$ = 9 subsection #ajh 7i71 ^! guidel9es %all be review$ n lat] ?an five ye>s f ! effective date ( ?is bill4 d4 ,conf]5ce ,report3 ,discussion ( ,audiovisual ,news ,program ,! conf]5ce committee is aw>e t an issue has aris5 z to ! mean+ ( ! phrase audiovisual news program 9 section #ajh7;f77#c74 ,! conf]ees believe t1 "u ! provision z adopt$ 9 ! conf]5ce sub/itute1 a libr>y or ar*ives qualify+ "u section #ajh 7a7 w\ld be free1 )\t reg>d to ! ar*ival activities ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress or any o!r organization1 to reproduce1 on videotape or any o!r m$ium ( fixation or reproduction1 local1 regional1 or network newsca/s1 int]views conc]n+ curr5t news ev5ts1 & on-!-spot cov]age ( news ev5ts1 & to di/ribute a limit$ numb] ( reproductions ( su* a program on a loan basis4 e4 ,conf]5ce ,report3 ,discussion ( ,libr>ies & ,ar*ives 9 ,pr(it-,mak+ ,in/itutions ,ano!r po9t ( int]pretation involves ! mean+ ( indirect comm]cial advantage1 z us$ 9 section #ajh7;a77#a71 9 ! case ( libr>ies or ar*ival collections )9 indu/rial1 pr(it-mak+1 or propriet>y in/itutions4 ,z long z ! libr>y or ar*ives meets ! crit]ia 9 section #ajh 7a7 & ! o!r requirem5ts ( ! section1 includ+ ! prohibitions aga9/ multiple & sy/ematic copy+ 9 subsection 7g71 ! conf]ees consid] t ! isolat$1 spontane\s mak+ ( s+le photocopies by a libr>y or ar*ives 9 a =-pr(it organization )\t any comm]cial motivation1 or p>ticipation by su* a libr>y or ar*ives 9 int]libr>y arrangem5ts1 w\ld come )9 ! scope ( section #ajh4 #e4 ,copyright ,(fice ,regulations ,"u ,section #ajh ,! foll[+ is ! text ( regulations adopt$ by ! ,copyright ,(fice to implem5t sections #ajh7;d77#b7 & #ajh7;e7 ( ! new copyright law 7#cg ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations ,sec4 #bja4ad74 ,section #bja4ad ,w>n+s ( copyright = use by c]ta9 libr>ies & ar*ives4 7a7 ,def9itions4 7#a7 ,a ,display ,w>n+ ( ,copyright is a notice "u p>agraphs 7d77#b7 & 7e77#b7 ( section #ajh ( ,title #ag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,code z am5d$ by ,pub4 ,l4 #id-eec4 ,z requir$ by ^? sections ! ,display ,w>n+ ( ,copyright is to be display$ at ! place :]e ord]s = copies or phonorecords are accept$ by c]ta9 libr>ies & ar*ives4 7#b7 ,an ,ord] ,w>n+ ( ,copyright is a notice "u p>agraphs 7d7 7#b7 & 7e77#b7 ( section #ajh ( ,title #ag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,code z am5d$ by ,pub4 ,l4 #id-eec4 ,z requir$ by ^? sections ! ,ord] ,w>n+ ( ,copyright is to be includ$ on pr9t$ =ms suppli$ by c]ta9 libr>ies & ar*ives & us$ by _! patrons = ord]+ copies or phonorecords4 7b7 ,cont5ts4 ,a ,display ,w>n+ ( ,copyright & an ,ord] ,w>n+ ( ,copyright %all consi/ ( a v]batim reproduction ( ! foll[+ notice1 pr9t$ 9 su* size & =m & display$ 9 su* mann] z to comply ) p>agraph 7c7 ( ?is section3 ,,notice ,,w>n+ ,,conc]n+ ,,copyright ,,re/rictions ,! copyright law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code7 gov]ns ! mak+ ( photocopies or o!r reproductions ( copyright$ mat]ial4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions specifi$ 9 ! law1 libr>ies & ar*ives are au?oriz$ to furni% a photocopy or o!r reproduction4 ,"o ( ^! specifi$ conditions is t ! photocopy or reproduction is n to be us$ = any purpose o!r ?an private /udy1 s*ol>%ip1 or rese>*4 ,if a us] makes a reque/ =1 or lat] uses1 a photocopy or reproduction = purposes 9 excess ( fair use1 t us] may be liable = copyright infr+em5t4 ,?is in/itution res]ves ! "r to refuse to accept a copy+ ord] if1 9 its judgm5t1 fulfillm5t ( ! ord] w\ld involve violation ( copyright law4 7c7,=m & ,mann] ( ,use4 7#a7 ,a ,display ,w>n+ ( ,copyright %all be pr9t$ on heavy pap] or o!r durable mat]ial 9 type at lea/ #ah po9ts 9 size1 & %all be display$ prom95tly1 9 su* mann] & location z to be cle>ly visible1 legible1 & compreh5sible to a casual obs]v] )9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! place :]e ord]s are accept$4 7#b7 ,an ,ord] ,w>n+ ( ,copyright %all be pr9t$ )9 a box locat$ prom95tly on ! ord] =m itself1 ei!r on ! front side ( ! =m or imm$iately adjac5t to ! space call+ = ! "n or signature ( ! p]son us+ ! =m4 ,! notice %all be pr9t$ 9 type size no small] ?an t us$ pr$om9antly ?r\gh\t ! =m1 & 9 no case %all ! type size be small] ?an #h po9ts4 ,! notice %all be pr9t$ 9 su* mann] z to be cle>ly legible1 compreh5sible1 & readily app>5t to a casual read] ( ! =m4 ----------------------------- ,e4 ,,liability ,,= ,,infr+em5t ----------------------------- #a4 ,text ( ,section #ejd ,! foll[+ is a repr9t ( ! entire text ( section #ejd ( title #ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,! special provisions affect+ libr>ians & educators are 9 subsection 7c77#b74 ,section #ejd4 ,rem$ies = infr+em5t3 ,damages & pr(its4 #c 7a7 ,,9 ,,g5]al4--,except z o!rwise provid$ by ?is title1 an infr+] ( copyright is liable = ei!r-- 7#a7 ! copyright own]'s actual damages & any additional pr(its ( ! infr+]1 z provid$ by subsection 7b72 or 7#b7 /atutory damages1 z provid$ by subsection 7c74 7b7 ,,actual ,,damages ,,& ,,pr(its4--,! copyright own] is entitl$ to recov] ! actual damages suff]$ by him or h] z a result ( ! infr+em5t1 & any pr(its ( ! infr+] t are attributable to ! infr+em5t & are n tak5 into acc\nt 9 comput+ ! actual damages4 ,9 e/abli%+ ! infr+]'s pr(its1 ! copyright own] is requir$ to pres5t pro( only ( ! infr+]'s gross rev5ue1 & ! infr+] is requir$ to prove 8 or h] d$uctible exp5ses & ! elem5ts ( pr(it attributable to factors o!r ?an ! copyright$ "w4 7c7 ,,/atutory ,,damages4-- 7#a7 ,except z provid$ by clause 7#b7 ( ?is subsection1 ! copyright own] may elect1 at any "t be=e f9al judgm5t is r5d]$1 to recov]1 in/ead ( actual damages & pr(its1 an aw>d ( /atutory damages = all infr+em5ts involv$ 9 ! action1 ) respect to any "o "w1 = :i* any "o infr+] is liable individually1 or = :i* any two or m infr+]s are liable jo9tly & sev]ally1 9 a sum ( n less ?an #ejj or m ?an #bj1jjj z ! c\rt consid]s j4 ,= ! purposes ( ?is subsection1 all ! p>ts ( a compilation or d]ivative "w con/itute "o "w4 7#b7 ,9 a case :]e ! copyright own] su/a9s ! burd5 ( prov+1 & ! c\rt f9ds1 t infr+em5t 0 committ$ willfully1 ! c\rt 9 its discretion may increase ! aw>d ( /atutory damages to a sum ( n m ?an #ajj1jjj4 ,9 a case :]e ! infr+] su/a9s ! burd5 ( prov+1 & ! c\rt f9ds1 t su* infr+] 0 n aw>e & _h no reason to believe t 8 or h] acts con/itut$ an infr+em5t ( copyright1 ! c\rt 9 its discretion may r$uce ! aw>d ( /atutory damages to a sum ( n less ?an #bjj4 ,! c\rt %all remit /atutory damages 9 any case :]e an infr+] believ$ & _h reasonable gr\nds = believ+ t 8 or h] use ( ! copyright$ "w 0 a fair use "u section #ajg1 if ! infr+] 03 7i7 an employee or ag5t ( a nonpr(it educational in/itution1 libr>y1 or ar*ives act+ )9 ! scope ( 8 or h] employm5t :o1 or su* in/itution1 libr>y1 or ar*ives itself1 :i* infr+$ by reproduc+ ! "w 9 copies or phonorecords2 or 7ii7 a public broadca/+ entity :i* or a p]son :o1 z a regul> "p ( ! non-pr(it activities ( a public broadca/+ entity 7z def9$ 9 subsection 7g7 ( section #aah7 infr+$ by p]=m+ a publi%$ nondramatic lit]>y "w or by reproduc+ a transmission program embody+ a p]=mance ( su* a "w4 #b4 ,exc]pts ,f ,h\se ,report on ,section #ejd ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! ,h\se ,report on ! new copyright law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-adgf1 pages #afa-afc74 ,mat]ial n ( imm$iate int]e/ to libr>ians & educators has be5 omitt$4 ,mu* ( ! correspond+ discussion 9 ! ,s5ate ,report 7,s4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-dgc1 pages #adc-ade7 is sub/antially ! same2 ! ,h\se ,report's discussion ( /atutory damages applicable to libr>ians & educators is new4 ,,9 ,,g5]al ,a corn]/one ( ! rem$ies sections & ( ! bill z a :ole is section #ejd1 ! provision deal+ ) recov]y ( actual damages1 pr(its1 & /atutory damages4 ,! two basic aims ( ?is section are reciprocal & correlative3 7#a7 to give ! c\rts specific unambigu\s directions conc]n+ monet>y aw>ds1 ?us avoid+ ! confusion & unc]ta9ty t h m>k$ ! pres5t law on ! subject1 &1 at ! same "t1 7#b7 to provide ! c\rts ) reasonable latitude to adju/ recov]y to ! circum/ances ( ! case1 ?us avoid+ "s ( ! artificial or ov]ly te*nical aw>ds result+ f ! language ( ! exi/+ /atute4 ,subsection 7a7 lays ! gr\ndwork = ! m detail$ provisions ( ! section by e/abli%+ ! liability ( a copyright infr+] = ei!r ! copyright own]'s actual damages & any additional pr(its ( ! infr+]1 or /atutory damages4 ,recov]y ( actual damages & pr(its "u section #ejd 7b7 or ( /atutory damages "u section #ejd 7c7 is alt]native & = ! copyright own] to elect2 z "u ! pres5t law1 ! pla9tiff 9 an infr+em5t suit is n oblig$ to submit pro( ( damages & pr(its & may *oose to rely on ! provision = m9imum /atutory damages4 ,h[ev]1 !re is no?+ 9 section #ejd to prev5t a c\rt f tak+ acc\nt ( evid5ce conc]n+ actual damages & pr(its 9 mak+ an aw>d ( /atutory damages )9 ! range set out 9 subsection 7c74 99,actual damages & pr(its99 ,9 all[+ ! pla9tiff to recov] ! actual damages suff]$ by him or h] z a result ( ! infr+em5t1 plus any ( ! infr+]'s pr(its t are attributable to ! infr+em5t & are n tak5 into acc\nt 9 comput+ ! actual damages1 section #ejd 7b7 recognizes ! diff]5t purposes s]v$ by aw>ds ( damages & pr(its4 ,damages are aw>d$ to comp5sate ! copyright own] = losses f ! infr+em5t1 & pr(its are aw>d$ to prev5t ! infr+] f unfairly b5efit+ f a wrongful act4999999 99,/atutory damages99 ,subsection 7c7 ( section #ejd makes cle> t ! pla9tiff's election to recov] /atutory damages may take place at any "t dur+ ! trial be=e ! c\rt has r5d]$ its f9al judgm5t4 ,! rema9d] ( clause 7#a7 ( ! subsection repres5ts a /atem5t ( ! g5]al rates applicable to aw>ds ( /atutory damages4 ,clause 7#b7 ( section #ejd 7c7 provides = exceptional cases 9 :i* ! maximum aw>d ( /atutory damages c\ld be rais$ f #aj1jjj to #ej1jjj1 & 9 :i* ! m9imum recov]y c\ld be r$uc$ f #bej to #ajj4 ,! basic pr9ciple und]ly+ ?is provision is t ! c\rts %\ld be giv5 discretion to increase /atutory damages 9 cases ( willful infr+em5t & to l[] ! m9imum :]e ! infr+] is innoc5t4 ,! language ( ! clause makes cle> t 9 ^! situations ! burd5 ( prov+ willfulness re/s on ! copyright own] & t ( prov+ innoc5ce re/s on ! infr+]1 & t ! c\rt mu/ make a f9d+ ( ei!r willfulness or innoc5ce 9 ord] to aw>d ! exceptional am\nts4 ,! innoc5t infr+] provision ( section #ejd7;c77#b7 has be5 ! subject ( ext5sive discussion4 ,! exception1 :i* w\ld all[ r$uction ( m9imum /atutory damages to #ajj :]e ! infr+] 0 n aw>e & _h no reason to believe t 8 or h] acts con/itut$ an infr+em5t ( copyright1 is suffici5t to protect aga9/ unw>rant$ liability 9 cases ( occasional or isolat$ innoc5t infr+em5t1 & x (f]s adequate insulation to us]s1 su* z broadca/]s & newspap] publi%]s1 :o are p>ticul>ly vuln]able to ?is type ( infr+em5t suit4 ,on ! o!r h&1 by e/abli%+ a reali/ic floor = liability1 ! provision pres]ves its int5d$ det]r5t effect2 & x w\ld n all[ an infr+] to escape simply because ! pla9tiff fail$ to disprove ! def5dant's claim ( innoc5ce4 ,9 addition to ! g5]al innoc5t infr+] provision clause 7#b7 deals ) ! special situation ( tea*]s1 libr>ians1 ar*ivi/s1 & public broadca/]s1 & ! non-pr(it in/itutions ( :i* !y are a "p4 ,section #ejd 7c77#b7 provides t1 :]e su* a p]son or in/itution infr+es copyright$ mat]ial 9 ! hone/ belief t :at !y 7 do+ con/itut$ fair use1 ! c\rt is preclud$ f aw>d+ any /atutory damages4 ,x is int5d$ t1 9 cases involv+ ?is provision1 ! burd5 ( pro( ) respect to ! def5dant's good fai? %\ld re/ on ! pla9tiff4 #c4 ,exc]pts ,f ,conf]5ce ,report on ,section #ejd ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! ,report ( ! ,conf]5ce ,committee on ! new copyright law 7,h4,r4 ,rep4 ,no4 #id-agcc1 pages #gi-hj74 ,,rem$ies ,,= ,,copyright ,,infr+em5t ,s5ate bill ,*apt] #e ( ! ,s5ate bill dealt ) civil & crim9al infr+em5t ( copyright & ! rem$ies = bo?4 ,subsection 7c7 ( section #ejd all[$ /atutory damages )9 a /at$ doll> range1 & clause 7#b7 ( t subsection provid$ = situations 9 :i* ! maximum c\ld be exce$$ & ! m9imum l[]$2 ! c\rt 0 giv5 discretion to r$uce or remit /atutory damages entirely :]e a tea*]1 libr>ian1 or ar*ivi/ believ$ t ! infr++ activity con/itut$ fair use4999999 ,h\se bill ,section #ejd7;c77#b7 ( ! ,h\se bill requir$ ! c\rt to remit /atutory damages entirely 9 cases :]e a tea*]1 libr>ian1 ar*ivi/1 or public broadca/]1 or ! in/itution to :i* !y belong1 infr+$ 9 ! hone/ belief t :at !y 7 do+ con/itut$ fair use4999999 ,conf]5ce sub/itute ,! conf]5ce sub/itute adopts ! ,h\se am5dm5ts ) respect to /atutory damages 9 section #ejd7;c77#b7999999 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,f4 ,,guidel9es ,,= ,,(f-,,air ,,record+ ,,( ,,broadca/ ,,programm+ ,,= ,,educational ,,purposes ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,! foll[+ exc]pts are repr9t$ f ! ,h\se ,report on piracy & c\nt]feit+ am5dm5ts 7,h4,r4 #ig-die1 pages #h-i74 ,9 ,m>* #aigi1 ,congressman ,rob]t ,ka/5mei]1 ,*airman ( ! ,h\se ,subcommittee on ,c\rts1 ,civil ,lib]ties & ,adm9i/ration ( ,ju/ice1 appo9t$ a ,negotiat+ ,committee consi/+ ( repres5tatives ( educational organizations1 copyright proprietors1 & creative guilds & unions4 ,! foll[+ guidel9es reflect ! ,negotiat+ ,committee's cons5sus z to ! application ( fair use to ! record+1 ret5tion1 & use ( television broadca/ programs = educational purposes4 ,!y specify p]iods ( ret5tion & use ( su* (f-air record+s 9 classrooms & simil> places devot$ to in/ruction & = homeb\nd in/ruction4 ,! purpose ( e/abli%+ ^! guidel9es is to provide /&>ds = bo? own]s & us]s ( copyright$ television programs4 7#a7 ,! guidel9es 7 develop$ to apply only to (f-air record+ by non-pr(it educational in/itutions4 7#b7 ,a broadca/ program may be record$ (f-air simultane\sly ) broadca/ transmission 7includ+ simultane\s cable transmission7 & reta9$ by a non-pr(it educational in/itution = a p]iod n to exce$ ! fir/ =ty-five 7#de7 consecutive cal5d> days aft] date ( record+4 ,^u conclusion ( su* ret5tion p]iod1 all (f-air record+s mu/ be eras$ or de/roy$ imm$iately4 ,broadca/ programs are television programs transmitt$ by television /ations = reception by ! g5]al public )\t *>ge4 7#c7 ,(f-air record+s may be us$ once by individual tea*]s 9 ! c\rse ( relevant tea*+ activities1 & repeat$ once only :5 in/ructional re9=cem5t is necess>y1 9 classrooms & simil> places devot$ to in/ruction )9 a s+le build+1 clu/]1 or campus1 z well z 9 ! homes ( /ud5ts receiv+ =maliz$ home in/ruction1 dur+ ! fir/ t5 7#aj7 consecutive s*ool days 9 ! =ty-five 7#de7 day cal5d> day ret5tion p]iod4 ,s*ool days are s*ool session days--n c\nt+ week5ds1 holidays1 vacations1 exam9ation p]iods1 or o!r s*$ul$ int]ruptions--)9 ! =ty-five 7#de7 cal5d> day ret5tion p]iod4 7#d7 ,(f-air record+s may be made only at ! reque/ (1 & us$ by1 individual tea*]s1 & may n be regul>ly record$ 9 anticipation ( reque/s4 ,no broadca/ program may be record$ (f-air m ?an once at ! reque/ ( ! same tea*]1 reg>dless ( ! numb] ( times ! program may be broadca/4 7#e7 ,a limit$ numb] ( copies may be reproduc$ f ea* (f-air record+ to meet ! legitimate ne$s ( tea*]s "u ^! guidel9es4 ,ea* su* additional copy %all be subject to all provisions gov]n+ ! orig9al record+4 7#f7 ,aft] ! fir/ t5 7#aj7 consecutive s*ool days1 (f-air record+ may be us$ up to ! end ( ! =ty-five 7#de7 cal5d> day ret5tion p]iod only = tea*] evaluation purposes1 i4e41 to det]m9e :e!r or n to include ! broadca/ program 9 ! tea*+ curriculum1 & may n be us$ 9 ! record+ in/itution = /ud5t exhibition or any o!r non-evaluation purpose )\t au?orization4 7#g7 ,(f-air record+s ne$ n be us$ 9 _! entirety1 b ! record$ programs may n be alt]$ f _! orig9al cont5t4 ,(f-air record+s may n be physically or electronically comb9$ or m]g$ to con/itute tea*+ an?ologies or compilations4 7#h7 ,all copies ( (f-air record+s mu/ include ! copyright notice on ! broadca/ program z record$4 7#i7 ,educational in/itutions are expect$ to e/abli% appropriate control proc$ures to ma9ta9 ! integrity ( ^! guidel9es4 -------- ,,endnotes3 #a ,correct$ f ,congressional ,record4 #b ,editor's ,note3 ,z repr9t$ 9 ! ,h\se ,report1 subsection ,a4#b ( ! ,music ,guidel9es _h consi/$ ( two sep>ate p>agraphs1 "o deal+ ) multiple copies & a second deal+ ) s+le copies4 ,9 8 introductory rem>ks dur+ ! ,h\se debates on ,s4#bb1 ! ,*airman ( ! ,h\se ,judici>y ,subcommittee1 ,mr4 ,ka/5mei]1 ann\nc$ t ! report1 z pr9t$1 does n reflect a subsequ5t *ange 9 ! jo9t guidel9es :i* 0 describ$ 9 a subsequ5t lett] to me f a repres5tative ( ! signatory organizations1 & provid$ ! revis$ text ( subsection ,a4#b4 7#abb ,,cong4 ,,rec4 ,h #ajhge1 ,sept4 #bb1 #aigf74 ,! text repr9t$ "h is ! revis$ text4 #c ,,note3 ,section #ejd 0 am5d$ 9 subsection 7c7 by ! ,act ( ,octob] #ca1 #aihh1 ,pub4 ,l4 #ajj-efh1 #ajb ,/at4 #bhec1 #bhfj4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,libr>y ( ,congress ,copyright ,(fice #aja ,indep5d5ce ,av5ue1 ,s4,e4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjeei-fjjj http3_/_/www4loc4gov_/copyright ,septemb] #aiie - #bj1jjj ,,web ,,rev3 ,june #aiih