file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #dcjfh-;h4htm  
or #dcjfh-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#dcjfh_/pg#dcjfh-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#dcjf
h_/dcjfh-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh       
,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see                  
https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/milletoca
d#jjturnu(t      ,ma/]pieces 9 ,col\r   
,edit$ by--,t4 ,leman ,h>e  ,,millet    
#ahad-ahge          99       99       99
       99       99      ,,ma/]pieces ,,9
 ,,col\r ,,s]ies          ,,arti/4      
,,au?or4     ,,velazquez4               
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4     ,,reynolds4      
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4     ,,turn]4         
,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4     ,,romney4        
,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4     ,,greuze4        
,,alys ,,eyre ,,mackl94                 
,,botticelli4               ,,h5ry ,b4  
,,b9ns4     ,,rossetti4                 
,,luci5 ,,piss>ro4     ,,bell9i4        
,,george ,,hay4     ,,fra ,,angelico4   

,,james ,,mason4     ,,rembr&t4         
,,josef ,,israels4     ,,leighton4      
,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4     ,,raphael4      
,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4     ,,holman       
,,hunt4              ,,m>y ,e4          
,,col]idge4     ,,titian4               
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4     ,,millais4       
,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4     ,,c>lo ,,dolci4 
,,george ,,hay4     ,,ga9sbor\gh4       
,,max ,,ro?s*ild4     ,,t9toretto4      
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4     ,,lu9i4          
,,james ,,mason4     ,,franz ,,hals4    
,,edgcumbe ,,/aley4     ,,van ,,dyck4   
,,p]cy ,m4 ,,turn]4     ,,leon>do ,,da  
,,v9ci4        ,m4 ,w4 ,,brockwell4     
,,rub5s4                   ,s4 ,l4      
,,b5susan4     ,,:i/l]4                 
,t4 ,,m>t9 ,,wood4     ,,holbe94        
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4     ,,burne-,,jones4 
,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4     ,,vig,e ,,le    
,,brun4            ,c4 ,,haldane        
,,macfall4     ,,*>d94                  
,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4     ,,fragon>d4    
,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4     ,,meml9c4  
,w4 ,h4 ,j4  ,j4 ,c4 ,,weale4           

,,con/able4                ,c4 ,,lewis  
,,h9d4     ,,raeburn4                   
,,james ,l4 ,,caw4     ,,john ,s4       
,,s>g5t4          ,t4 ,,m>t9 ,,wood4    
,,lawr5ce4                 ,s4 ,l4      
,,b5susan4     ,d,,r]4                  
,h4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,fur/4     ,,millet4       
,,p]cy ,m4 ,,turn]4     ,,watteau4      
,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4     ,,hog>?4         
,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4     ,,murillo4       
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4     ,,watts4         
,w4 ,,l(tus ,,h>e4     ,,+res4          
,a4 ,j4 ,,f9b]g4          ,o!rs 9       
,prep>ation4         99       99        
99       99       99       ,illu/ration3
 ,,plate ,i4--,,! ,,wood-,,cutt]4       
,frontispiece      7,9 ! ,l\vre7        
,an in/ance ( ,millet 9 a less          
pessimi/ic mood ?an we     g5]ally f9d  
him4 ,! wood-cutt]1 pursu+ 8 vocation on
 a     w>m sunny day1 full ( life &     
vig\r1 br+s be=e u !     joy\s side (   
peasant life4 ,we feel t he is happy &  
cont5t$1 & if 8 lot is some:at h>d1 he  
has none ( ^?     di/ract+ ambitions :i*

 m> ! enjoym5t 9 life to all :o     fall
 a prey to !m4 ,! wood 9 ! backgr\nd is 
a good     example ( ,millet's p[]s 9   
?is direction4   ,,millet  by  ,,p]cy   
,m4 ,,turn]  ,illu/rat$ ) ,eight        
,reproductions 9 ,col\r                 
,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,sempit]num4         
,london3 ,t4 ,c4  ,e4 ,c4 ,jack ,new    
,york3 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,co4         
,,cont5ts                               
,page       ,i4 ,introduction           
#aa      ,,ii4 ,millet's ,e>ly ,life    
#bi     ,,iii4 ,! ,migration to ,p>is   
#da      ,,iv4 ,! ,/ruggle =            
,recognition      #eb       ,v4 ,millet 
9 8 ,maturity            #eg      ,,vi4 
,! ,man & 8 ,art               #gb      
,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations       ,plate   
,page        ,i4 ,! ,wood-,cutt]        
,frontispiece              ,9 ! ,l\vre  
,,ii4 ,! ,we$-burn]                     
#ad              ,9 ! ,l\vre            
,,iii4 ,! ,*ur* at ,grville             
#bd              ,9 ! ,l\vre            
,,iv4 ,! ,glean]s                       

#cd              ,9 ! ,l\vre         ,v4
 ,! ,/raw-b9d]s                         
#dj              ,9 ! ,l\vre            
,,vi4 ,spr+                             
#ej              ,9 ! ,l\vre            
,,vii4 ,! ,sawy]s                       
#fj              ,9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton     
,museum      ,,viii4 ,! ,%eep-fold      
#gj              ,9 ! ,glasg[           
,corporation ,art ,gall]ies     ,i      
,,introduction   ,among/ ! great pa9t]s 
( peasant life ! "n ( ,jean ,franois    
,millet /&s out prom95tly4 ,a long      
int]val elaps$ betwixt ! dea? ( ,adrian 
van ,o/ade & ! bir? ( ,millet1 unbrok5  
by a s+le "n1 ) ! solit>y exception (   
,*>d91 ( a pa9t] :o grasp$ ! pr(undity (
 peasant life4 ,9 ,holl& & ,fl&]s 9 !   
sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies we f9d _m   
pa9t]s :o1 :il/ liv+ ! humble/ lives    
!mselves1 saw 9 _! surr\nd+s su* mat]ial
 = treatm5t z has h&$ _! names d[n to   
po/]ity4 ,x is only q rec5tly t "o ( !  
greate/ ( all1 ,piet] ,brueghel ! ,eld]1
 has come to occupy 8 prop] position 9 !

 _w ( art4 ,=m]ly he 0 look$ ^u z an    
ecc5tric pa9t]1 ^: subjects 7 g5]ally ( 
r a co>se nature2 :o1 moreov]1 cont5t$  
himself ) depict+ ! droll] side ( !     
village life ( 8 p]iod1 & consequ5tly 0 
n to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,( late ye>s1     
h[ev]1 an exhau/ive rese>* into 8 life &
 works h reveal$ him z "o ( ! greate/   
ma/]s 9 8 own sph]e ( any "t4 ,!        
wond]ful s]ies ( pictures 9 ,vi5na1 & ! 
solit>y examples scatt]$ ab\t ! great   
collections ( ,europe1 proclaim him n   
only a pa9t]1 b a philosoph] z well4 ,8 
peasants1 grotesque z !y may n[ appe> to
 u1 possess a fidelity & vig\r ( h&l+   
su* z none ( 8 contempor>ies possess4   
,to him1 consequ5tly1 we mu/ look z !   
f\nta9-head ( all peasant pa9t+4 ,8     
influ5ce 0 imm$iately felt 9 ! ,l[      
,c\ntries1 & !re sprang up t wond]ful   
s*ool ( :i* ,adrian ,br\w]1 ,jan ,/e51 &
 ,adrian van ,o/ade are su* brilliant   
expon5ts4 ,9 _! m rec5t                 
prototype--,millet--! same pr(\nd &     
sympa!tic r5d]+ ( ! ev]yday life ( !    

simple peasant is to be f\nd1 t+$ ) !   
melan*oly f]v\r ( 8 temp]am5t4 ,_!      
temp]am5t be>s ! same relation to 8 z ! 
sev5te5? c5tury does to ! n9ete5?4 ,a m 
subdu$ temp] _h come ov] all classes ( !
 community1 a less boi/]\s attitude     
t[>ds life1 b ! /ruggle = exi/5ce 0 none
 ! less /r5u\s or un5d+4 ,! rollick+ &  
reckless joy ( ,br\w]'s peasants1 ) _!  
h>d dr9k+ & lu/y bawl+1 0 an ess5tial   
feature ( ,dut* life ( ! p]iod4 ,b !y   
are e :it z preci\s f an arti/ic &      
hi/orical /&po9t z are ! placid int]iors
 ( ,millet4      ,illu/ration3 ,,plate  
,,ii4--,,! ,,we$-,,burn]      7,9 !     
,l\vre7      ,a notable example ( !     
simplicity ( motive :i*     *>act]ises  
,millet's f9e/ works4 ,! treatm5t ( !   
peasant figure 9 ! c5tre ( ! picture is 
dom9at$ by     s9c]ity & sympa?y4 ,!    
half sugge/$ l&scape =m+ !     backgr\nd
 is symbolical ( man's h>d /ruggle )    
,nature4 ,!     col\r s*eme is v subdu$1
 & s]ves to acc5tuate !     wond]ful    
outl9e & natural pose ( ! woman4  ,dur+ 

! two c5turies :i* elaps$ betwe5 ^!     
great ma/]s _m *anges _h come ov] !     
lives ( ,european p4 ,! spread (        
education1 p]meat+ d[n ev5 to ! l[e/    
classes1 _h t5d$ to ! sob]+ ( habits2 & 
! ,fr5* peasant1 ) ! p>tial uplift+ &   
great] contact ?r\gh m equitable        
di/ribution ( ! l& :i* ! ,revolution _h 
be/[$ ^u him1 0 a quiet] man ?an 8 ,dut*
 prototype :o _h prec$$ him by a c\ple (
 c5turies4  ,9 ,millet's r5d]+ ( ! life 
he f\nd ar\nd him1 ! same incisive tru? 
& absorb+ s9c]ity is to be f\nd z 9 !   
,dut*m5 ) :om ,i h comp>$ him1 &        
consequ5tly ,millet c be consid]$ z a   
direct l9eal desc5dant ( ! mighty       
,brueghel4  ,! entire abs5ce ( !        
,dut*m5's brutality 9 ,millet's "w is to
 be acc\nt$ =1 fir/ly1 by ! extreme     
g5tl5ess ( 8 own disposition2 &1        
secondly1 by 8 /udy ( "s ( ! greate/    
ma/]s ( ! ,italian r5aissance4 ,8       
ke5ness ( p]ception c be gaug$ by 8     
en?usia/ic appreciation ( ,&rea         
,mantegna at a "t :5 ! m]its ( t ma/] 7 

n und]/ood z !y are to-day4 ,_m ( 8     
noble/ inspirations 7 conceiv$ "u !     
,paduan pa9t]'s influ5ce1 & "o c\ld cite
 _m compositions 9 :i* ! tra9 ( ?\ght ( 
! two ma/]s seems to run ^u p>allel     
l9es4  ,^u fir/ reg>d+ a picture (      
,millet's mature ye>s1 "o wond]s f :5ce 
come ^? subtleties ( l9e & tone4 ,!re is
 no?+ analog\s to !m 9 ! works ( 8      
contempor>ies4 ,! diff]5ce too betwe5 8 
e>ly ef=ts & ^? ( 8 lat] ye>s is        
/up5d\s1 b ! l9es :i* 8 developm5t      
pursu$ are ess5tially due to !          
simplicity ( ! life he l$ & ! high ideal
 he inv>iably kept be=e him4 ,liv+1 z he
 always did1 a life ( /ruggle1 a        
nev]-end+ battle aga9/ seem+ly ov]:elm+ 
odds1 he 0 9 a position to grasp !      
sorr[s & tr\bles ( ! simple folk by :om 
he 0 surr\nd$4 ,he fur!r saw t "w1      
al?\gh !y !mselves 7 n aw>e ( x1 alone  
made life liveable to !m4 ,he %>$ _!    
/ruggles 9 _! mo/ int5se & poignant =m4 
,9 fact :5 "o contemplates ! life :i*   
,millet l$1 bo? at ,grville & at        

,b>bizon1 ) its /r5u\sness & e>ne/ness1 
fac$1 moreov]1 ) ! ev]-pres5t dread (   
want1 x is to be wond]$ t he _h ! c\rage
 to live 8 life z he did4  ,x has become
 ! fa%ion lately to decry c]ta9 phases (
 8 art4 ,a *>ge ( s5tim5tality is urg$  
aga9/ "s ( 8 mo/ popul> works4 ,!       
,angelus1 ab\t :i* _m h>d ?+s h lately  
be5 said1 is a case 9 po9t4 ,x mu/ be   
rememb]$ t mod]n life1 p>ticul>ly z liv$
 9 great cities su* z ,london or ,p>is1 
does n t5d to fo/] ^? simple ideas ^u   
religion1 :i* ! peasant1 f> remov$ f    
great c5tres ( population1 implicitly   
accepts4 ,he is1 z a rule1 a man ( b    
little education1 :o has he>d no?+ ( !  
d\bts & scepticisms ) :i* t[nspeople ( e
 grade ( society are s famili>4 ,8 ideas
 on religion are exactly ^? :i* h come  
to him f 8 p>5ts1 & he is incapable (   
d\bt+ ! elem5t>y tru?s he 0 fir/ taught4
 ,su* simple ideas h dep>t$ f ev5 !     
peasantry 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,france4 ,only 9 
,brittany & 9 ,la ,v5de c\ld "o to-day  
enc\nt] ! types ,millet has portray$ = u

 9 ! ,angelus4  ,! two figures 9 !      
=egr\nd are symbolical ( all t is mo/   
t\*+ 9 ,fr5* peasant life4 ,! end ( !   
day has arriv$1 & aft] _m h\rs (        
unremitt+ toil1 ! r++ ( ! bell 9 !      
di/ant t[] proclaims ! f9i% ( ano!r day4
 ,! wond]ful /ill atmosph]e :i* envelops
 ! f>-/ret*+ pla91 ! :ole suffus$ ) !   
effects ( a placid & glori\s sunset1    
l5ds an int5sity ( poetical feel+ :i*   
h>moni\sly bl5ds ) ! placid nature ( !  
!me4 ,all ar\nd u we h evid5ce ( man's  
p]petual /ruggle ) nature1 ! grim fight 
= subsi/5ce1 = life itself4 ,! pl\gh$   
field has yield$ _m a crop1 ! rew>d (   
ardu\s lab\r exp5d$ 9 s[+ & reap+4 ,!   
small recomp5se to ! lab\r] himself is  
symbolis$ by ! extreme pov]ty ) :i* !   
man & woman are clo!d1 :il/ ! degrad+   
nature ( ! toil1 z 9 ! f> fam\s ,man ) !
 ,hoe1 is br\ght be=e u 9 ! rugg$ types 
( ! lab\r] & 8 wife4 ,! only s(t5+      
influ5ce 9 _! lives is t imp>t$ by      
religion1 & 9 *oos+ ?is mom5t ( !       
angelus = depict+ !m1 ,millet has br\ght

 be=e u 9 ! mo/ =cible =m n only !      
degrad+ "* ( mu* ( ! toil :i* is entail$
 9 produc+ ! necessities ( exi/5ce1 b   
also ! dang] ( remov+ by any sudd5      
*ange1 no matt] h[ well int5tion$1 !    
consol+ influ5ce ( religi\s belief4 ,a  
"w into :i* su* int5se e>ne/ness &      
melan*oly tru? is infus$ c nev] be      
designat$ s5tim5tal1 except by ^? :o h n
 freely grasp$ ! imm5se import ( ^!     
qualities 9 ! production ( great &      
endur+ art4 ,brilliancy ( te*nique &    
extraord9>y facilities1 if unsupport$ by
 a det]m9ation to convey "s message1 w  
inevitably f9d its own level1 :il/ !    
pa9t] :o possesses ?is supreme quality w
 assur$ly come into 8 own4  ,x mu/ nev] 
be =gott5 t 9 consid]+ ! oil pa9t+s (   
,millet1 ! subtleties ( atmosph]e & l9e 
c nev] be appreciat$ if "o is n acqua9t$
 ) ! c\ntry he pa9t$4 ,no two c\ntries  
are alike 9 atmosph]ic effect1 & x is   
necess>y1 !re=e1 9 ord] to appreciate an
 arti/ to ! full1 to h /udi$ ! c\ntry he
 has *os5 to depict4 ,! outl9es ( !     

l&scape1 ! v %ape ( ! trees1 ! col\r    
imp>t$ by sun%9e & cl\ds1 diff]         
mat]ially 9 v>i\s di/ricts1 &           
consequ5tly x behoves "o to ex]cise     
caution be=e condemn+ ?is or t effect z 
be+ untrue to nature4  ,x may safely be 
said t z a pa9t]1 purely & simply1      
,millet w nev] occupy a v high position 
9 ! _w ( art4 ,he nev] bur/s =? into any
 ( ^? pyrote*nics :i* di/+ui%$ _m ( 8   
contempor>ies & "s ( ! pa9t]s ( our own 
days4 ,8 mann] ( h&l+ ! bru% is always  
re/ra9$ to ! po9t ( timidity4 ,by ?is ,i
 d n mean to imply t he c\ld n pa9t 9 a 
l>ge & bold mann]2 inde$ on _m          
occasions1 z = example 9 ! ,sawy]s1 he  
has atta9$ an a/oni%+ degree ( p[]4 ,b z
 8 :ole ?\ghts 7 direct$ to suppress+   
any t5d5cies t[>ds virtuosity1 :i* might
 div]t att5tion f ! po9t he wi%$ to     
illu/rate1 he frequ5tly appe>s to a*ieve
 8 ends by hold+ himself 9 re/ra9t4     
,ano!r dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ,millet's   
art is t ! in/ant he ?r[s (f 8 sadly    
philosophic mood1 he is no long] a great

 arti/4 ,= example1 9 ! well-kn[n       
picture ( ,la ,baigneuse1 he endeav\rs  
to draw himself into depict+ ! bright]  
side ( life4 ,9 a wood respl5d5t ) !    
sunlit foliage ( a glori\s summ] day1 a 
"y girl is ab\t to ent] ! small riv] :i*
 runs placidly betwe5 ! moss-cov]$      
banks4 ,9 ! di/ance a numb] ( ducks are 
disport+ !mselves 9 ! wat]4 ,"h is a !me
 :i* w\ld appeal irresi/ibly to a man ( 
! temp]am5t ( ,diaz2 he c\ld imp>t !    
glories ( col\r z !y 7 reflect$ f !     
mirror-l surface ( ! wat]1 ! %imm]+ ( ! 
trees & ! delici\s effect ( ! balmy     
breeze z x ru/l$ ?r\gh ! bran*es4 ,b 9 !
 h&s ( ,millet x is no?+ b a sad        
composition2 ! figure is well drawn2 !  
ducks are admirably plac$ 9 !           
composition1 & ! trees treat$ ) /udi\s  
fidelity1 b !re is t great indef9able   
some?+ lack+ :i* attracts u t[>ds ! ma/]
 :5 work+ 9 a sadd] mood4  ,millet c be 
describ$ z be+ m a philosoph] ?an a     
pa9t]4 ,n only 9 8 great pa9t+s1 :i* by 
! way are n v num]\s1 b 9 8 draw+s &    

et*+s1 we discov] ! m9d ( a man :o has  
grappl$ )1 & und]/ood ! great problems (
 life4 ,poor z he 01 & rema9$ all 8     
life1 x is d\btful :e!r ri*es or an     
improvem5t 9 circum/ances w\ld h br\ght 
him any increas$ happ9ess4 ,he lov$ !   
op5 c\ntry1 & /ill m ! solit>y peasant  
:om he f\nd work+ 9 ! fields1 e>n+ a b>e
 subsi/5ce = himself & 8 little mnage 9 
! neighb\r+ village4 ,8 int]e/ 0 divid$ 
betwe5 ! man at 8 "w & 8 wife & *ildr5 9
 ! mnage4 ,! simple/ incid5ts ( _!      
ev]yday life did n escape him1 & !      
smalle/ duty :i* w\ld h left unaffect$ a
 less obs]vant nature has be5 made !    
subject ( _m a f9e canvas4              
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,! ,,*ur*
 ,,at ,,gr,,ville      7,9 ! ,l\vre7    
,"o ( ! subtle/ l&scapes by ,millet 9   
exi/5ce4 ,x %[s     t on occasions he   
c\ld leave ! beat5 track & /ill         
rema9 z great a ma/] z ev]4 ,ev]ybody :o
 kn[s !     atmosph]e ( ,norm&y w       
appreciate its tru? & poetry4 ,!        
m>vell\s results he has a*iev$ ) su* a  

simple !me is     wor?y ( our praise4 ,!
 :ole effect is s natural t we are      
apt to =get ! ke5 s5se ( composition t 0
 ne$$ to     pres5t ! subject 9 su* an  
attractive =m4  ,millet seems p>ticul>ly
 to h be5 impress$ ) ! lonel9ess ( !    
peasant's lab\r4 ,take1 = example1 t    
wond]fully lum9\s canvas1 ,! ,%eep ,p54 
,"h1 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ pla91 a l>ge space
 is m>k$ out 9 :i* to enclose ! %eep = !
 night4 ,! sun1 s9k+ l[ 9 ! horizon1    
w>ns ! %eph]d t ! "t has arriv$ = him to
 call toge!r 8 flock & place !m 9 safe  
qu>t]s = ! night4 ,accompani$ by 8      
fai?ful dog1 he /&s at ! op5+ ( ! p5    
all[+ ! %eep to ent] two or ?ree at a   
"t4 ,!re is no o!r liv+ s\l 9 sight4    
,alone he has kept gu>d ov] ! flock dur+
 ! long day1 ) no o!r company ?an 8 dog 
& 8 own ?\ghts4 ,he is dead to !        
beauties ( ! l&scape ar\nd him1 & sees  
no?+ m 9 a field ?an h[ mu* corn c be   
rais$ ea* ye> f x1 or 9 ! %eep he t5ds s
 c>efully h[ mu* mutton x w make4 ,he   
feels no?+ ( ! glori\s beauties ( !     

sunset1 ( :i* he is s (t5 a witness2 h[ 
x s(t5s ! l9es ( ! horizon & suffuses ! 
di/ant woods & pla9 ) its gold5 rays4   
,he sees no?+ ( ! *anges mom5t>ily      
occurr+ 9 ! sky3 h[ ! blues get fa9t] & 
fa9t]1 h[ ! cl\ds are t+$ ) opalesc5t   
hues1 ! %ad[s prolong+ !mselves z ! orb 
s9ks deep] & deep]2 or h[1 f9ally1 :5 ! 
sun has disappe>$1 ! :ole heav5s are    
light$ up 9 "o blaze ( glory4 ,yet      
,millet w\ld h u und]/& t 9 spite ( ?is1
 ! %eph]d is p]=m+ a duty to humanity n 
to be und]rat$4 ,! %eep he has s        
c>efully & consci5ti\sly re>$ w =m food 
to-morr[ = _m a hungry t[n-dwell]4      
,fur!r1 he w\ld h u foll[ ! peasant z he
 closes ! p5 = ! night & traces 8 tir$  
/eps t[>ds 8 simple home 9 ! village4 ,!
 frugal & h>d-e>n$ meal1 prep>$ = him by
 8 wife1 :o l himself has _h h] %>e (   
duties to occupy h] dur+ ! day1 is      
p>tak5 ( surr\nd$ by a hungry & joy\s   
gr\p ( *ildr54 ,su* !mes sugge/$ by !   
simplicity ( 8 own life appeal$ to him )
 irresi/ible =ce1 & x is 9 _! portrayal 

t 8 greatness is manife/$4  ,p]haps no  
season ( ! ye> pres5t$ ! same attraction
 = ,millet z ! spr+4 ,! p]iod :5 all !  
e>? aft] its long w9t] sleep is ab\t to 
wak5 into new life seems to h always be5
 a s\rce ( inspiration to him4 ,9 ,!    
,s[] he emphasises ! fact t ! fruits ( !
 h>ve/ are n to be _h )\t due lab\r be+ 
exp5d$ ^u ! e>?4 ,! slop+ field1 b>r5 ( 
vegetation1 & cr[n$ at ! top ) a small  
clump ( trees1 is be+ brok5 up by !     
di/ant pl\gh drawn by two horses & guid$
 by a peasant4 ,! latt] figure is "o ( !
 noble/ ( ,millet's creations4 ,by 8    
/ra9$ & ev]-att5tive attitude1 by 8     
cont9u\s tramp ov] ! r\gh & brok5 gr\nd1
 he %[s u ! monotony ( 8 toil4 ,he      
crosses ! field 9 "o direction1 only to 
return at an int]val ( a few feet4 ,9 ! 
=egr\nd we h ! s[]1 a middle-ag$ man (  
typical peasant type1 on ^: left side a 
bag ( se$s is slung4 ,) automatic       
precision he )draws a h&ful1 & /rews x  
into ! furr[s op5 to receive x4 ,s long 
z he cont9ues 9 ! same track 8 lab\r w  

be well p]=m$1 & h5ce 8 task is j z     
monoton\s z t ( 8 fell[-work] high] up 9
 ! field4 ,! silh\ett+ ( ^! two figures 
aga9/ ! light is symbolical ( ! lab\r to
 be exp5d$ 9 life be=e results are      
=?com+4  ,f ^! rem>ks x w be se5 t 9    
consid]+ ! works ( ,millet1 "o mu/ n    
judge him f ! /&po9t ( a m]e pa9t]4 ,8  
bru% is only ! means to an end1 & by its
 means he is enabl$ to br+ ! fruits ( 8 
philosophic obs]vation be=e u 9 p]man5t 
=m4 ,x has be5 *>g$ aga9/ ! ,angelus t x
 0 n a rem>kably f9e piece ( pa9t+1 t _m
 a "y arti/ ( ! pres5t g5]ation is      
inf9itely bett] equipp$1 te*nically     
speak+1 ?an ! ma/] :o wr\ght ?is        
celebrat$ canvas4 ,?is may 9 a measure  
be true1 b x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t       
,millet br\ght into play exactly ! means
 :i* c\ld illu/rate 8 mean+ 9 ! cle>e/  
t]ms4 ,he _h n int5d$1 9 pa9t+ su* a    
picture1 to produce a "w :i* w\ld a/oni%
 8 fell[ arti/s ) its brilliancy ( h&l+ 
or magnific5ce ( col\r4 ,he want$ to    
make ! behold] =get ! pa9t] & absorb !  

lesson4 ,?is quality runs "r ?r\gh ! art
 ( ,millet1 & x is f ?is /&po9t t we are
 oblig$ to weigh 8 m]its4     ,,ii      
,,millet',s ,,e>ly ,,life   ,jean       
,franois ,millet 0 born on ,octob] #d1  
#ahad1 t is at ! p]iod :5 ,fr5* art1 at 
any rate z f> z l&scape pa9t+ is        
conc]n$1 _h rea*$ its l[e/ ebb4 ,?r\gh\t
 ! eighte5? c5tury ! l&scape pa9t] _h   
be5 h>d put to make a liv+4 ,! ta/e (   
connoisseurs ?r\gh\t ! c5tury _h be5 =  
portraits & int]iors1 or = ^? num]\s    
pa/oral subjects :i* 7 c>ri$ out ) s mu*
 decorative *>m by su* m5 z ,watteau &  
,b\*]4 ,su* l&scape pa9t+ z exi/$ 0 ( ! 
type popul>is$ by ,v]net2 x 0 built ^u a
 curi\s mixture ( ,italian influ5ce com+
 f ,pan9i & ,salvator ,rosa4 ,! only    
evid5ce ( revolt aga9/ su* a /ate (     
affairs we f9d 9 ! works ( ,hub]t ,rob]t
 & ,moreau4 ,^! two1 & m especially w\ld
 ,i direct ! read]'s att5tion to !      
latt]1 /ruggl$ h>d to break d[n !       
conv5tionalities ( ! "t4 ,!y endeav\r$  
to infuse "s s5se ( atmosph]e into _!   

pictures1 & :il/ frequ5tly _! trees &   
figures are pa9fully =mal1 !y yet /&    
alone 9 ! ,fr5* s*ool z ! pione]s ( a   
phase ( art :i* 0 to atta9 its z5i? 9 ! 
middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4  ,b aft] !   
,revolution1 & dur+ ! :ole ( ! "t t     
,france 0 "u ! dom9ation ( ,napoleon1 v 
rigid pr9ciples inde$ 7 en=c$ ) reg>d to
 ! direction t art %\ld take4 ,!        
innovation :i* _h its comm5cem5t 9 !    
reign ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 swept ev]y?+ be=e x
 z x ga9$ =ce4 ,classical art &         
traditions dom9at$ ! :ole ,fr5* s*ool1 &
 no arti/1 h[ev] great 8 reputation1    
attempt$ = _m ye>s to swim aga9/ !      
/ream4 ,9 spite ( ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty &
 equality :i* 7 claim$ = all "u ! new   
rgime1 a t]ribly /rict eye 0 kept ^u any
 innovations :i* might break out 9 ! =m 
( a naturali/ic art4 ,! directors ( ?is 
new movem5t fail$ to see t ! conditions 
:i* _h produc$ ! great ,greek & ,roman  
sculptors _h pass$ away1 & t ! latt]'s  
supremacy 0 due to ! fact t _!          
productions 7 symbolical ( ! l(tie/     

?\ghts ( _! own epo*4 ,! art :i*        
expresses ! ambitions & noble/ ?\ghts ( 
its "t w alone endure4 ,^! expressions  
are n applicable to any o!r condition   
?an ^? :i* call$ !m =?1 & h5ce 9        
attempt+ to purify ! rococo :i* _h exi/$
 up to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 by 
a return to classical traditions1 !y 7  
only copy+ t :i* _! pr$ecessors _h done1
 & 9 s do+ left u )\t any orig9al       
expression ( _! own "t4  ,into su* a    
condition ( affairs 0 ,millet born1 & he
 0 numb]$ among/ t little b& ( m5 :i*   
includ$ ,r\sseau1 ,corot1 ,dupr1 ,diaz1 
& ,daumi]1 :o 7 to lay ! f\ndations ( ! 
mod]n naturali/ic s*ool4 ,at ! outset x 
0 seem+ly a hopeless /ruggle !y         
und]took2 a /ruggle aga9/ prejudice &   
influ5ce :i* 0 only to be br\ght to a   
victori\s culm9ation aft] ye>s ( /ruggle
 & disappo9tm5t4 ,( ?is little b&1      
,millet 0 p]haps ! be/ equipp$ = !      
privations :i* 7 necess>y4 ,he came ( a 
peasant /ock :o inhabit$ ,gru*y1 a small
 village situat$ 9 ! commune ( ,grville1

 close to ,*]b\rg4 ,gr\p$ und]nea? !    
humble ro( 0 ! gr&mo!r1 :o _h be5 left a
 wid[ fifte5 ye>s be=e2 h] son1 ,jean   
,l\is ,nicolas ,millet1 & 8 wife & eight
 *ildr51 ( :i* our arti/ 0 ! second4 ,8 
gr&mo!r appe>s to h be5 a pi\s old lady1
 ^: *ief delight 0 9 h] gr&*ildr51 to   
:om %e taught ^? religi\s pr9ciples :i* 
/ood !m 9 good /ead 9 aft] life4 ,we are
 told t ,millet's fa!r possess$ a =ce ( 
"* "o does n (t5 f9d among/ m5 9 8 rank 
( life4 ,he 0 ( a contemplative         
disposition1 & _h a ke5ly develop$ feel+
 = natural beauty4 ,he possess$ moreov] 
a ke5 appreciation ( music1 :i*         
un=tunately he does n appe> to h _h mu* 
opportunity ( cultivat+4 ,8 wife 0 an   
excell5t h\sewife & ( a religi\s turn ( 
m9d4 ,! h\se !y occupi$1 situat$ q a    
%ort di/ance f ! sea1 0 plac$ 9 a tract 
( c\ntry :i*1 :il/ x _h rugg$ &         
picturesque features1 0 n ( a nature :i*
 w\ld yield extraord9>y results "u      
cultivation4 ,x 01 !re=e1 a h>d /ruggle 
= exi/5ce :i* ,millet 9 8 fir/ ye>s saw 

go+ on ar\nd him4 ,n t ! family 7 any ! 
less happy = hav+ to "w labori\sly = _! 
livelihood4 ,!y _h be5 br\ght up amid/  
su* surr\nd+s2 _! wants 7 simple &      
easily gratifi$1 & ! tranquillity ( !   
mnage m ?an c\nt]balanc$ ^? d\btful     
luxuries :i* easi] circum/ances w\ld h  
br\ght _! way4 ,?r\gh\t 8 life ,millet  
ma9ta9$ ! extreme simplicity he _h se5  
practis$ 9 ! home ( 8 *ildhood1 & long  
ye>s aft]w>ds he 0 accu/om$ to look back
 ) pleasureable memories ^u 8 e>ly ye>s4
      ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,!  
,,glean]s      7,9 ! ,l\vre7      ,"o ( 
! mo/ popul> pictures ( ! ma/]1 & by _m 
consid]$ 8 ma/]piece4 ,we "k t ?is "w   
involv$ an     unusually l>ge am\nt (   
?\ght & "w on ! "p ( !     arti/4       
,sep>ate /udies exi/ ( all ! figures 9  
_m     diff]5t poses4 ,n ! lea/ wond]ful
 "p is ! backgr\nd1     ) its cr[d (    
h>ve/]s1 envelop$ 9 ! gold5 sunlight    
( a w>m summ] aft]noon4 ,! ,glean]s is  
"o ( ! be/     pres]v$ ( ! l>ge canvases
 ( ,millet4  ,gru*y1 situat$ 9 "o ( !   

wilde/ p>ts ( ,norm&y1 feels ! full     
effect ( e /orm :i* bl[s up f !         
,atlantic4 ,!re is no?+ to %elt] !      
expos$ hamlets /udd$ along ! coa/ f !   
fury ( ! we/]n gale1 & ! rocks are b too
 (t5 /rewn ) ! wrecks ( vessels :i* h   
come to grief 9 t t]rible sea4 ,millet 9
 8 y\? mu/ h witness$ _m ( ^!           
cata/rophes4 ,q a numb] ( draw+s by him 
are extant repres5t+ succ\r be+ ext5d$  
to "s vessel 9 difficulties1 or ! haul+ 
up ( "s wreckage on to ! rocks4 ,!      
/udi\s boy mu/ h be5 impress$ z he saw !
 /]nness ( ! combat 9 8 native c\ntry   
betwe5 m5 & nature2 ! w9d-swept fields1 
& hills b>e to ! po9t ( savag5ess4 ,! v 
trees !mselves dw>f$ & gn>l$2 9 _!      
/ruggle ) ! elem5ts !y h be5 made t\gh &
 h>dy z ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry        
!mselves1 &1 /unt$ z !y are1 yet %[ well
 t !y c resi/ ! =ce ( ! fi]ce/ /orm4 ,! 
brood+ & contemplative "* ( ! fa!r hav+ 
desc5d$ to ! son1 we c q imag9e ! effect
 su* surr\nd+s w\ld h ^u him4 ,z he     
look$ back 9 aft] ye>s ^u 8 roam+s 9 8  

native c\ntry1 he appreciat$ !          
awe-inspir+ "* ( ! sc5]y 9 :i* he _h be5
 born4 ,he w\ld d\btless recall _m a    
walk amid/ ! fields ) ! w9d bl[+ 9 8    
face z x ru%$ 9 f ! ,atlantic1 ! ra9    
beat+ h>d ^u ! fre%ly pl\gh$ fields1 & !
 di/ant figure ( ! pl\ghman /ruggl+ h>d 
) 8 team aga9/ ! /iff s\'we/]4 ,! great 
mass ( vap\r ov]head :irl$ be=e !       
viol5ce ( ! /orm1 ca/+ grey & pe>ly     
light ov] ! :ole sc5e1 :il/ f> away on !
 top ( ! hill a clump ( trees1 b5t ) _! 
resi/ance to ! w9d1 are silh\ett$ aga9/ 
! sky4 ,_m a draw+ ( ?is k9d we enc\nt] 
9 ! lat] "w ( ,millet1 :i* %[s h[ 8     
?\ghts h>k$ back 9 c]ta9 mom5ts to !    
sc5es he _h left beh9d him = ev]4  ,we  
"k t on "o or two occasions he return$  
to ,gru*y4 ,once or twice he _h urg5t   
bus9ess :i* took him back1 b sometimes  
he w5t ) no o!r purpose ?an to r5ew     
acqua9tance ) ! sc5es ( yore4  ,little  
,jean ,franois 0 8 gr&mo!r's fav\rite4  
,x 0 %e :o taught him ! names ( ?+s :i* 
surr\nd$ him1 & p]haps direct$ 8 ?\ghts 

9 ! *annels to :i* !y 7 f9ally to be    
devot$4 ,h] bro!r ,*>les1 :o =m$ "o ( ! 
family1 us$ to take him = walks1 tell+  
him /ories on ! way4 ,millet 0 devot$ly 
atta*$ to ?is old man1 & :5 at ! age (  
sev5 ye>s he lo/ him1 ! gap 9 8 life ?us
 left made an impression ^u 8 memory    
nev] to be effac$4  ,five ye>s aft]w>ds 
he 0 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! vic> = ! purpose 
( prep>+ him = 8 fir/ communion4 ,! good
 man seems to h be5 tak5 ) ! *ild2 he   
f\nd him s att5tive to all natural      
ph5om5on :i* 0 pass+ ar\nd him &        
intellig5t 9 an unusual degree4 ,he     
quickly le>nt a consid]able am\nt (     
,lat91 :i* introduc$ him to ! great     
classics4 ,un=tunately = ,millet1 ! vic>
 accept$ an (f] ( transf]5ce to a bett] 
p>i% 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! boy _h made su*    
progress ) 8 ma/] t x 0 decid$ t he %\ld
 g ) him to 8 new abode4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 s
 miss$ 9 8 own home1 t :5 he came back =
 8 fir/ holidays x 0 decid$ t he %\ld n 
return4  ,he n[ gave s]i\s att5tion to !
 agricultural pursuits ( 8 fa!r4 ,he    

?rew himself he>tily into ! "w ( ! f>m1 
& assi/$ 9 ! "w ( s[+ & h>ve/+1 ( prun+ 
& ?ra%+ accord+ to ! season4 ,8 sp>e "t 
0 occupi$ 9 read+ ) avidity v>i\s       
ma/]pieces ( lit]ature4 ,! au?ors he    
f\nd at h& 7 su* z ,fnlon & ,bossuet1 b 
he develop$ a decid$ pref]5ce1 :i* la/$ 
till ! end ( 8 life1 = ,virgil & !      
,bible4  ,x 0 at ?is "t t 8 ta/e = art  
began to be develop$4 ,he drew ! objects
 he f\nd ar\nd him1 & soon acquir$      
suffici5t confid5ce 9 8 skill to execute
 a l>ge draw+ repres5t+ two %eph]ds     
keep+ gu>d ov] _! %eep4 ,^! fir/ ef=ts  
date f ab\t 8 sev5te5? ye>1 & =etell !  
adv5t ( ! /yle 9 :i* he 0 lat] to become
 pre-em95t4      ,illu/ration3 ,,plate  
,v4--,,! ,,/raw-,,b9d]s      7,9 !      
,l\vre7      ,! wond]ful capacity (     
,millet = portray+ action is            
demon/rat$ to ! full 9 ?is canvas4 ,h>d1
 unremitt+ toil     is ! !me ,millet has
 wi%$ to br+ be=e u4 ,! heat is         
int5se1 b ! "w goes on ) unrelax+ vig\r4
 ,!     mascul9e en]gy ( ! two b5d+     

figures are 9 /rik+     contra/ ) !     
figure ( ! "y girl on ! left ( !        
picture4 ,! arti/ %[s t he 0 q capable (
 infus+     *>m into 8 peasant /udies z 
well z br++ !     brutalis+ aspect ( _! 
lab\r be=e ! spectator4     ,,iii  ,,!  
,,migration ,,to ,,p>is   ,h[ frequ5tly 
has x happ5$ t ! fir/ ye>s 9 ! life ( a 
g5ius h be5 employ$ 9 lab\r q diff]5t f 
t to :i* !y %\ld h be5 direct$4 ,su* a  
/ate ( affairs ! m (t5 occurs :5 ! s5se 
( duty has be5 /rong en\gh to ov]come   
tempor>ily ! incl9ation to pursue !     
natural b5t4 ,9 ! case ( ,millet1 h[ev]1
 ! e>ly ye>s :i* he devot$ to ! f>m &   
its pursuits 7 by no means wa/$4 ,x is  
on record t he became v pr(ici5t 9 !    
v>i\s duties 9 :i* he 0 engag$1 b at !  
same "t we c be q sure t 8 extraord9>y  
faculties ( obs]vation 7 con/antly be+  
br\ght into play1 & ! fruits ( 8        
obs]vations are to be se5 9 ! pictures (
 8 mature p]iod4  ,a consid]able portion
 ( 8 sp>e "t 0 tak5 up ) draw+1 n only !
 p]sons & objects he f\nd ar\nd him1 b  

also subjects sugge/$ to him by ! books 
he 0 9 ! habit ( read+4 ,8 family1 s f> 
f ?r[+ any ob/acles 9 8 way1 enc\rag$   
him4 ,9 fact x 0 8 fa!r :o took him fir/
 to ,*]b\rg 9 ord] to %[ a pa9t] ( t    
t[n1 nam$ ,m\*el1 ! e>ly products ( 8   
son's g5ius4 ,! decision at :i* ,millet 
pre _h arriv$ 0 prompt$ by a draw+ 9    
*>coal ( an old peasant walk+ along !   
road1 :i* _h /ruck him =cibly z be+ a "w
 ( extraord9>y m]it4 ,x says mu* =      
,m\*el's bread? ( m9d t he 0 equally    
impress$ ) ! draw+s4 ,a man :o _h be5   
br\ght up 9 ! s*ool ( ,david1 & :o _h   
liv$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ reaction>y p]iods (   
,fr5* art1 0 h>dly to be expect$ to take
 k9dly to a /yle s diametrically oppos$ 
to all ! traditions into :i* he himself 
_h be5 inculcat$2 c]ta9ly ! "y ,millet1 
:o _h n[ arriv$ at ! age ( eighte51 _h n
 develop$ ! extraord9>y fre$om :i* 8    
works ( t5 ye>s lat] demon/rate4 ,b !re 
0 suffici5t orig9ality ev5 9 8 e>ly     
draw+s to call =? condemnation f a man  
:o _h be5 s saturat$ ) ! tea*+ ( ,david4

  ,he prevail$ ^u ,millet to leave 8 son
 ) him1 & set him to "w to copy _m      
well-kn[n works ( art :i* he br\ght be=e
 8 pupil by means ( engrav+s4 ,two mon?s
 7 sp5t 9 ?is way :5 news rea*$ ,millet 
t 8 fa!r _h be5 seiz$ ) sudd5 illness1 &
 he 0 oblig$ 9 ! circum/ances to return 
to ,grville4 ,he arriv$ to f9d ! old man
 unconsci\s1 & v %ortly aft]w>ds he di$4
  ,?is mis=tune awoke 9 ,millet a s5se (
 duty :i* compell$ him to des]t 8 /udies
 9 ,*]b\rg & sup]9t5d ! managem5t ( !   
f>m4 ,= "s "t he devot$ himself entirely
 to 8 new duties1 b ! /ruggle betwixt   
duty & g5ius cont9u$2 he gave himself to
 8 "w ) all ! en]gy at 8 disposal1 b 8  
?\ghts 7 ev] w&]+ to 8 art4  ,add$ to 8 
own incl9ations1 8 gr&mo!r1 :o p]ceiv$ 8
 extraord9>y gifts1 /rongly p]suad$ him 
to devote 8 att5tion entirely to art1 & 
consequ5tly aft] "s little "t he decid$ 
to return to ,*]b\rg4 ,"h he ent]$ !    
/udio ( ,m4 ,langlois1 an arti/ ^:      
reputation 9 ! t[n 0 consid]able4 ,aga9 
9 ?is wor?y man he came 9 contact ) a   

pa9t] :o _h be5 br\ght up entirely "u   
classical influ5ce4 ,langlois1 :o _h 9 8
 e>ly days be5 a pupil ( ,gros1 _h      
absorb$ ! classical tradition to su* an 
ext5t z to be incapable ( appreciat+ any
 o!r /yle4 ,he appe>s to h endeav\r$ to 
m\ld ,millet 9 8 own me?od r ?an develop
 ! lat5t g5ius :i* ! latt] possess$4 ,! 
incompatibility ( ^! two m5 spe$ily     
caus$ ! y\ng] to /rike out 9 8 own way4 
,he saw m good 9 frequ5t+ ! museums &   
mak+ copies ( su* works z appeal$ to him
 ?an 9 li/5+ to ! advice ( 8 tea*]4 ,all
 ?is occurr$1 h[ev]1 )\t any brea* (    
fri5d%ip occurr+4 ,on ! contr>y1        
,langlois1 aft] p]ceiv+ ! futility (    
induc+ 8 pupil to foll[ 9 8 foot/eps1   
did all he c\ld to advance 8 int]e/s4   
,by means ( 8 influ5ce "s ( ,millet's   
draw+s 7 br\ght be=e ! ,municipal       
,c\ncil1 & ,langlois sugge/$ t ,millet  
%\ld be s5t to ,p>is 9 ord] to fur!r 8  
developm5t1 & t ! ,c\ncil %\ld set aside
 a mode/ p5sion to meet 8 requirem5ts 9 
t city4 ,! discussion appe>s to h be5 v 

prolong$1 & ^u ! "q be+ put to a vote x 
0 only c>ri$ by means ( ! ca/+ vote ( ! 
mayor4 ,f\r hundr$ francs 0 at fir/     
allott$ to him 9 ?is way1 :i* 0 fur!r   
increas$ %ortly aft]w>ds to six hundr$4 
,su* enc\ragem5t1 meagre ?\gh x 01 0    
suffici5t to give him a foo?old 9 !     
metropolis4 ,he left ,*]b\rg 9 ,janu>y  
#ahcg1 on a cold & raw day1 ! sn[ fall+ 
heavily ?r\gh\t ! entire j\rney1 &      
arriv$ 9 ,p>is 9 a v di%e>t5$ condition4
 ,! mis]able wea!r1 c\pl$ ) ! long      
j\rney 9 :i* he _h _h "t to ?9k ( !     
small sum :i* lay betwe5 him & />vation1
 go+ to a city :i* he _h nev] se5 be=e1 
_h all s]v$ to "w ^u 8 n]ves1 & he ent]$
 ! great city sick at he>t & v          
despond5t4  ,"o ( ! fir/ visits he made 
aft] he 0 some:at settl$ d[n 9 ,p>is 0  
to ! ,l\vre4 ,"h he 0 br\ght into       
contact = ! fir/ "t ) _m ma/]s1 :o 7 to 
m\ld 8 yet pla/ic temp]am5t into ! =m   
:i* enabl$ him to give to ! _w1 9 lat]  
ye>s1 s _m ma/]pieces4 ,z ,i h said     
be=e1 x 0 ,mantegna :o fir/ captivat$   

him1 & ! influ5ce ( ! mighty ,paduan 0  
nev] f9ally to be %ak5 (f4 ,mi*el       
,angelo aw$ him ) 8 sublimity2 8        
classical sev]ity temp]$ ) int5se       
humanism1 8 mascul9e /r5g?1 7 b\nd to h 
_! effect ^u s s]i\s a "* z ,millet4    
,/range z x may seem to ^? :o are b     
sup]ficially acqua9t$ ) 8 art1 & are    
only too apt to judge him by ! influ5ce 
he has _h ^u mod]n ,fr5* pa9t+1 he 0    
fasc9at$ ) ! antique4 ,! traditions (   
,phidias & ,praxiteles1 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y 
_h be5 transmitt$ ?r\gh ! greate/ m9ds (
 ! ,r5aissance1 7 ev] ! factors :i*     
guid$ him ?r\gh\t 8 c>e]4 ,x 0 ?is same 
_s :i* impell$ 8 f]vid admiration =     
,nicolas ,p\ss91 a ma/] :o to-day is    
sadly und]rat$ & b little und]/ood4 ,x 0
 ! my/]ies ( l9e1 ! wond]s ( pose &     
composition r ?an ! magic ( col\r :i*   
appeal$ to him4 ,he _h a pr(\nd         
admiration = ! gl[+ canvases ( ,titian &
 ,rub5s1 b he c\ld nev] ov]look entirely
 _! defects ( draw+ or1 9 ! case (      
,rub5s1 ! t5d5cy to vulg>ity4 ,f 8      

rem>ks 9 aft] ye>s x w\ld appe> t he 0  
baffl$ ) ! my/icisms ( ,velazquez &     
,rembr&t2 pure pa9t+ itself c\ld nev]   
hold him4 ,he ne$$ to grasp ! message   
:i* lay beh9d x be=e he felt fully tak5 
into ! confid5ce ( ! pa9t]2 & z ! m9ds (
 ! ,dut*man & ! ,spani>d ran 9 q diff]5t
 *annels to 8 own1 !y spoke ) a language
 he nev] und]/ood4 ,t he _h a p]ceptive 
& critically indep5d5t m9d may be gaug$ 
f 8 en?usiasm = ,delacroix1 ^: "w he    
enc\nt]$ = ! fir/ "t at ! ,luxemb\rg4   
,dur+ ?is p]iod ( /udy he 0 c>efully    
consid]+ "u :at ma/] he %\ld place      
himself4 ,8 *oice unhappily fell ^u     
,del>o*e4 ,to any "o acqua9t$ ) ! "w ( !
 latt] ma/]1 a m unsuitable selection   
c\ld n h be5 made4 ,del>o*e & ! pa9t]s  
:o surr\nd$ him c be appropriately      
describ$ z con/itut+ ! back-wa% ( !     
,empire /yle1 :i* _h rea*$ its climax ) 
,david4 ,8 subjects 7 always treat$ )   
academic res]ve4 ,no pyrote*nics 7      
p]mitt$2 on ! contr>y1 an ev]la/+ &     
mi/ak5 /riv+ = f9i% 0 enc\rag$3         

orig9ality 0 /]nly suppress$4 ,to pa9t  
human life z x really 01 0 too vulg> =  
any ( ! pa9t]s ( ?is "t4 ,!y held !     
public ta/e enslav$ = ye>s4 ,an         
innovator su* z ,millet 0 de/9$ to      
become f\nd 8 position almo/ unt5able4  
,! b& ( critics & pa9t]s =m$ a monopoly 
:i* x seem$ almo/ impossible to break   
d[n1 & x 0 only aft] ye>s ( bitt] &     
det]m9$ /ruggle t ! s*ool ( nature      
f9ally r\t$ its oppon5t4  ,del>o*e      
d\btlessly f\nd ! peasant pa9t] a little
 rude bo? 9 8 p]son & 9 8 ideas ab\t    
art4 ,he paid b little att5tion to ! "y 
man :o _h plac$ himself 9 8 h&s1 &      
devot$ all 8 "t to /ud5ts :o 7 m am5able
 to 8 influ5ce4 ,a temp]am5t s s5sitive 
z ,millet's 0 b\nd to notice ?is        
neglect1 & consequ5tly aft] a "t he     
became s disc\rag$ t he ceas$ to frequ5t
 ,del>o*e's /udio4 ,ano!r v good reason 
= ?is action 0 ! lack ( res\rces to     
cont9ue 8 paym5ts4 ,ev5 dur+ ! "t he _h 
be5 ) ,del>o*e he lo/ no opportunity (  
turn+ a few hone/ francs by pa9t+ !     

portraits ( any :o c\ld be got to sit to
 him4 ,del>o*e1 h[ev]1 _h a m k9dly he>t
 ?an ,millet imag9$4 ,he seems to h f\nd
 out ! real di/ress ( ! "y arti/1 & to h
 assi/$ him pecuni>ily 9 _m ways1 & !re 
is no d\bt t he appreciat$ ! tal5t ( !  
"y ,norman mu* m ?an he c>$ to own4 ,_m 
( 8 rem>ks on record w\ld s]ve to %[ t  
,del>o*e already felt t 8 pupil 0 de/9$ 
to be "o ( ! lead]s ( ! movem5t :i* 0   
f9ally to ov]?r[ 8 own /yle1 &          
d\btlessly felt a great admiration = a  
man :o _h ! c\rage & /r5g? to swim aga9/
 r ?an ) ! curr5t4      ,illu/ration3   
,,plate ,,vi4--,,spr+      7,9 ! ,l\vre7
      ,x is probable t ,millet wi%$ ?is 
picture to be reg>d$     r z a          
symbolical repres5tation ( ,spr+1 ?an z 
an     actual /udy f ,nature4 ,! /orm t 
has j pass$ ov]     has be5 sev]e1 b (  
%ort duration4 ,! sun1 break+     ?r\gh 
! d5se banks ( cl\ds1 reveals ! spl5d\rs
 ( !     wat]-sodd5 l&scape2 !          
apple-trees full ( bloom1 !     v]dantly
 gre5 grass1 ! "y foliage on ! di/ant   

trees1     all reveal ! b5efit !y h     
receiv$ f ! d[np\r4     ,,iv  ,,!       
,,/ruggle ,,= ,,recognition   ,fre$ f   
all encumbrances save pov]ty1 ,millet 0 
n[ to "w out 8 own de/9y accord+ to !   
dictates ( 8 g5ius4 ,he jo9$ a fri5d    
nam$ ,m>olle1 & ! two toge!r occupy+ a v
 small ap>tm5t endeav\r$ to eke out an  
exi/5ce4 ,x 0 only too soon app>5t t "y 
z he 01 & ! ta/e ( ! public be+ n yet   
ready = developm5t ^u ! l9es 8 g5ius    
direct$ him1 t 8 livelihood c\ld n be   
secur$ by endeav\r+ to sell su* subjects
 z appeal$ to him4 ,9 ^! /raits he turn$
 to portrait-pa9t+1 j z _m great pa9t]s 
be=e & s9ce him h done4 ,t ! /ruggle 0 v
 ke5 c well be imag9$ by ! fact t he 0  
unable to obta9 m ?an five to t5 francs 
apiece2 &1 z commissions 7 v sc>ce1 he 0
 h>d put to ga9 ! means ( subsi/5ce4    
,?is /ate ( affairs la/$ until #ahdj1 9 
:i* ye> he endeav\r$ to obta9 admission 
to ! ,salon ) two portraits1 "o ( :i* 0 
t ( 8 fri5d4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 reject$1 & !
 o!r picture1 al?\gh accept$1 0 unnotic$

 by ei!r ! critics or ! public4  ,hav+  
occasion ! next ye> to pay a visit to   
,*]b\rg1 he felt oblig$ to report       
himself to ! ,municipal ,c\ncil :o _h _h
 ! g5]osity to s5d him 9 ! fir/ place to
 ,p>is4 ,its wor?y memb]s express$      
!mselves z b little satisfi$ ) ! result 
( _! inve/m5t2 !y claim$ t !y _h _h z   
yet b little to %[ = _! money1 & !y     
sugge/$1 p>tly z a means ( demon/rat+ t 
!y _h _h "s little return1 & also1 9    
ord] to see ( :at /uff _! protg 0 made1 
t he %\ld pa9t a portrait ( ! rec5tly   
deceas$ mayor4 ,z ,millet _h n be5      
p]sonally acqua9t$ ) t wor?y citiz51 & z
 ! only guide :i* c\ld be suppli$ him 0 
a portrait made 9 m9iature :5 he 0 a "y 
man ( "s tw5ty-?ree or tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( 
age1 ! task 0 by no means easy4 ,h[ev]1 
! arti/ set to "w ) a w1 & f9ally       
accompli%$ ! picture to 8 own           
satisfaction4 ,^u x be+ %[n to !        
,c\ncil1 "o & all decl>$1 z any "o ) !  
slighte/ k ( su* matt]s c\ld h told !m  
be=e x 0 comm5c$1 t x bore n ! lea/     

resemblance to ! defunct magi/rate4 ,!y 
!re=e demurr$ at ! ?ree hundr$ francs !y
 _h agre$ to pay him = ! portrait1 &    
(f]$ him "o-?ird ( t am\nt in/ead4      
,millet 0 deeply (f5d$ by ! insult1 &   
in=m$ ! ,c\ncil t he made !m a pres5t ( 
! picture4  ,x 0 dur+ ?is %ort visit to 
8 native c\ntry t he met 8 fir/ wife1 a 
,mlle4 ,ono1 ^: portrait he _h pa9t$4 ,f
 ! fir/ %e 0 v delicate1 & he lo/ h]    
aft] mu* suff]+1 ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,8     
second wife 0 ,mlle4 ,ca!r9e ,lemaire1  
:o 0 de/9$ to be ! companion ( 8        
/ruggles until ! end ( 8 life4          
,mean:ile ,millet 0 occupi$ ) subjects  
:i* he ?\ght w\ld appeal to ! g5]al     
public4 ,a numb] ( classical pictures   
date f ?is epo*4 ,x 0 an endeav\r on 8  
"p to fall 9 z f> z possible ) ! curr5t 
ta/e1 & s supply means ( subsi/5ce = 8  
family4 ,at ! same "t he did n neglect 8
 fav\rite subjects1 & _m are ! wond]ful 
/udies ( peasant life :i* date f ^!     
ye>s4 ,8 reputation _h s f> advanc$ t he
 0 (f]$ ! position ( tea*] ( draw+ 9 !  

college at ,*]b\rg4 ,x mu/ h be5 only   
aft] prolong$ delib]ation t he refus$ ! 
pr(f]$ po/4 ,"h a c]ta9 annual /ip5d 0  
assur$ him1 & if x 0 n l>ge 9 itself x  
w\ld at any rate suffice to keep ! wolf 
f ! door4 ,he pref]r$1 h[ev]1 to return 
to ,p>is & "w out 8 own de/9y z be/ he  
might4  ,millet1 :o liv$ at ?is "t 9 !  
,rue ,ro*e*\>t1 began to surr\nd himself
 ) t little gr\p ( fri5ds :o rema9$     
fai?ful to him until ! end ( 8 c>e]4    
,among/ ! e>lie/ 7 ,*>les ,jacque &     
,diaz3 ! latt] _h sev]al cli5ts among/ !
 small deal]s1 :om he induc$ to visit   
,millet's /udio & make n[ & aga9 a small
 pur*ase4  ,millet n[ became a fairly   
regul> contributor to ! ,salon1 b       
g5]ally s5t "s classical or religi\s    
picture z well z "o ( 8 peasant         
subjects4 ,= example1 9 #ahdh he s5t !  
m>vell\s /udy ( ,! ,w9n[]1 :i* we all "k
 s well1 accompani$ by a canvas1 ,!     
,captivity ( ! ,jews at ,babylon4 ,!    
latt]1 h[ev]1 0 s badly receiv$ t he    
utilis$ ! canvas ^u its return = a l>ge 

picture ( a ,%eph]dess t5d+ h] ,%eep4   
,9 spite ( ! headway t he 0 mak+1 !     
/ruggle = exi/5ce seem$ ke5] ?an ev]1 & 
b = ! k9dness ( fri5ds he & 8 family    
w\ld frequ5tly h actually want$ = food4 
,a timely advance ( "o hundr$ francs    
obta9$ = him f ! ,m9i/] ( ,f9e ,arts1   
toge!r ) a commission f ! ,/ate1 = :i*  
he 0 paid ! sum ( eighte5 hundr$ francs1
 7 = "s "t ! only relief he obta9$ f 8  
emb>rassm5ts4 ,t he 0 n p>ticul> z to h[
 he e>n$ 8 daily bread is app>5t f !    
fact t he did n despise an ord] = a %op 
sign = a midwife1 = :i* he 0 paid !     
mis]able am\nt ( ?irty francs4  ,! ye>  
#ahdh 0 n an enc\rag+ "o = a pa9t] :o 0 
/&+ on ! ?re%old ( 8 c>e]4 ,! :ole (    
,europe 0 see?+ ) revolution4 ,a        
repetition ( ! fe>ful ye> ( #agib 0     
ev]y:]e expect$4 ,! /ruggle betwixt     
reaction & prop]ty on ! "o h&1 &        
lawlessness & revolution on ! o!r1 0 be+
 wag$ ) grim det]m9ation4 ,! issue 0 =  
long 9 ! balance4 ,"o nev] knew f "o day
 to ano!r :at 0 go+ to happ54 ,9 su* a  

deplorable /ate ( affairs m5's m9ds 7   
runn+ on politics & w>s r ?an ^u art4   
,millet among/ ! re/ 0 call$ ^u to %\ld]
 ! musket1 & x c be easily imag9$ ) :at 
reluctance he did s4  ,p>is1 ! great    
c5tre ( art1 _h yet n af=d$ him mu*     
enc\ragem5t4 ,life 0 de> 9 ! big city1 &
 surr\nd$ on all sides by bricks & mort>
 he 0 n free to g out into ! fields &   
/udy ! objects :i* 7 upp]mo/ 9 8 m9d4   
,he resolv$ to escape f x1 & once hav+  
put ! plan into execution he nev]       
return$4     ,v  ,,millet ,,9 ,,8       
,,maturity   ,! ,b>bizon ( #ahej 0 a v  
diff]5t place f ! ,b>bizon ( to-day4 ,! 
_w fame ( ! m5 :o pass$ a quiet & /r5u\s
 exi/5ce 9 ! little village has trans=m$
 x into a t\ri/ resort1 ) re/aurants &  
cafs1 ! /opp+-places = waggonettes :i* 9
 summ] br+ _! daily load ( sightse]s1   
eag] to see ! homes ( ! pa9t]s ^: names 
are n[ h\sehold words4  ,x w\ld h be5   
well-nigh impossible = ! little b& to h 
*os5 a m suitable spot = _! lab\rs4     
,r\sseau & ,millet1 mu* z !y 7 drawn    

t[>ds ea* o!r by ! tie ( a sympa!tic    
disposition & by _! common int]e/ 9 art1
 yet 7 widely dissimil> f "o ano!r 9 _! 
outlook ^u art & _! me?ods ( wor%ip at !
 common %r9e4 ,r\sseau--"o c see x f e  
picture he pa9t$--lov$ ) all ! ye>n+ ( a
 passionate & re/less temp]am5t !       
inanimate 9 ,nature4 ,obs]ve ) :at      
fidelity he draws 8 trees1 ) :at c>ess+ 
t5d]ness 8 cl\ds & skies are treat$2    
solitude appeal$ to him above all ?+s1 &
 if "h & !re he 0 oblig$ to ins]t a few 
figures to complete 8 composition1 "o   
in/9ctively feels t he w\ld r h         
sub/itut$ a gr\p ( cattle or a flock (  
%eep4 ,9 ! glades ( ! =e/1 f> f ! busy  
haunts ( m51 ) ! glori\s sunlight       
p5etrat+ f above1 ! breeze moan+ ?r\gh !
 bran*es1 he 0 happy4 ,a wild & turbul5t
 temp]am5t su* z 8 n infrequ5tly        
discov]s exquisite enjoym5t amid/ su*   
p]fect tranquillity4      ,illu/ration3 
,,plate ,,vii4--,,! ,,sawy]s      7,9 ! 
,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum7      ,v few (    
,millet's works c rival ?is sup]b       

picture 9     vig\r ( h&l+ & magic (    
l9e4 ,he has succe$$ 9     infus+ an    
enorm\s am\nt ( en]gy into ! two        
figures1     )\t sacrific+ ref9em5t4 ,! 
absolute /illness ( !     wood beyond is
 unbrok51 save by ! monoton\s hack+ ( ! 
wood-cutt]1 :o1 axe 9 h&1 is mak+ a     
det]m9$ onslaught     ^u a v5]able tree4
 ,z an example ( ,millet's p[]s z a     
pa9t] x w\ld be h>d to beat1 & 9 x he   
has pres]v$     ^? r>e qualities (      
fre$om & rhy?m ( l9e we f9d 9     8 be/ 
draw+s4  ,b>bizon1 situat$ on ! fr+e ( !
 great =e/ ( ,fonta9ebleau1 !re=e1      
p]mitt$ ,r\sseau to come into daily     
contact ) ! sc5es :i* s appeal$ to him4 
,millet1 on ! o!r h&1 0 absorb$ 9 !     
peasant4 ,! man :o till$ ! soil & rais$ 
! produce humanity requires = its       
subsi/5ce by ! sweat ( 8 br[2 ! manifold
 duties ( ! lab\r]1 8 life & sorr[s1    
appeal$ to him ) irresi/ible =ce4 ,an   
unpeopl$ track ( wild & uncultivat$ l&  
w\ld n call =? any emotion 9 him1 no    
matt] h[ sublime ! sc5]y might be4 ,!   

life ( ! village1 spread+ itself into ! 
va/ & f]tile pla9 beh9d1 held him       
absorb$2 a peasant himself & liv+ among/
 ! p he s lov$1 he 0 9 a position to br+
 be=e an un?9k+ _w ! poignant monotony (
 _! useful lives4  ,^u _! fir/ arrival  
at ,b>bizon1 ! two arti/s put up at a   
small inn1 work+ all day 9 a t9y place  
!y _h r5t$ f "s peasants & fitt$ up z a 
/udio4 ,! inconv5i5ces ( ?is arrangem5t 
7 soon app>5t1 & %ortly aft]w>ds ,millet
 took a small h\se :i* 0 de/9$ to be 8  
abode = ! rema9d] ( 8 life2 an old b>n 9
 ! imm$iate vic9ity mean:ile provid$ him
 ) an excell5t /udio4  ,f ?is p]iod     
onw>d we mu/ date ! greate/ productions 
( ! ma/]1 ! works :i* h induc$ m ?\ght  
?an ^? ( any o!r peasant pa9t]4 ,a      
peasant among peasants1 8 life 0 ( ! mo/
 rigid simplicity4 ,beh9d 8 little abode
 a l>ge g>d5 /ret*$ away almo/ to ! fr+e
 ( ! =e/ itself1 & "h he 0 accu/om$ to  
"w e morn+1 gr[+ a portion ( ! food     
necess>y to ! su/5ance ( 8 family4 ,!   
aft]noon he devot$ to pa9t+1 :il/ ! ev5+

 0 giv5 ov] to int]c\rse ) 8 little     
circle ( fri5ds4 ,! simplicity &        
tranquillity ( 8 life ar\s$ ! :ole ( 8  
p[]s to action1 & surr\nd$ ) ev]y?+ he  
valu$ 9 life he 0 supremely happy4  ,!  
c\ntry ar\nd ,b>bizon appeal$ to him    
irresi/ibly4 ,! timb]-/udd$ pla9s1 !    
g5tly undulat+1 highly cultivat$ fields1
 pres5t$ a /range contra/ to ! wild &   
rugg$ c\ntry amid/ :i* he _h sp5t 8     
*ildhood1 & no d\bt conduc$ to !        
developm5t ( a m ref9$ & contemplative  
/yle ?an he w\ld o!rwise h acquir$4 ,^u 
8 few visits to 8 native c\ntry he      
appe>s to h be5 m impress$ ?an ev] ) its
 au/]ity1 & ! draw+s :i* ^! j\rneys     
call$ =? bore ample evid5ce ( ?is feel+ 
9 him4  ,lack ( ! necess>y funds to c>ry
 on ev5 8 simple mnage 0 ev] ! bane (   
,millet's life4 ,on _m occasions ,s5si]1
 8 intimate fri5d & aft]w>ds 8          
biograph]1 in=ms u he dissuad$ him f    
suicide4  ,! sums t he ow$1 small ?\gh  
!y 71 r5d]$ him 9 con/ant fe> ( !       
brok]s4 ,) cr$itors s importunate 9 _!  

dem&s = satisfaction1 & ) ! con/ant lack
 ( recognition1 :i* 0 8 lot1 x is       
a/oni%+ t ,millet a*iev$ s mu*4 ,he 0   
reliev$ m ?an once by ! k9d-he>t$ & ev] 
fai?ful ,r\sseau1 :o :5 8 fri5d 0 sore/ 
press$ f\nd "s delicately hidd5 means to
 relieve him4 ,x 0 he :o acquir$ = #djjj
 francs ! wond]ful ,peasant graft+ a    
,tree1 :5 ! picture fail$ to f9d a      
pur*as]2 & 9 ord] t ,millet %\ld n be   
aw>e ( 8 g5]osity1 he made ! (f] 9 ! "n 
( an imag9>y ,am]ican4 ,?is sort (      
goodness he repeat$ m ?an once1 & x     
r$\nds /ill m to 8 cr$it :5 we rememb] t
 ,r\sseau himself 0 n infrequ5tly 9     
pecuni>y difficulties4  ,a con/ant      
succession ( important works made _!    
appe>ance dur+ ! fir/ t5 ye>s ,millet   
sp5t at ,b>bizon4 ,! fir/ 0 ! well-kn[n 
,s[]1 :i* has ev] be5 "o ( ! mo/ popul> 
( 8 pictures4 ,!n came ! f> f9]         
,peasants go+ to ,"w1 :i* = _m ye>s 0 9 
an ,engli% ,collection4 ,! ,glean]s1    
p]haps ! noble/ canvas ! ma/] ev] pa9t$1
 dates f #aheg1 9 :i* ye> x 0 se5 at !  

,salon2 ! celebrat$ ,angelus foll[$ x   
two ye>s lat]4 ,! prices :i* ,millet    
obta9$ = ?is s]ies ( rem>kable works 0  
fanta/ically small4 ,! ,glean]s br\ght  
him a paltry #bjjj francs1 :il/ he      
acc\nt$ himself lucky to enc\nt] an     
amateur :o gave him ! same sum = ! small
 ,woman fe$+ ,f[ls4 ,! ,angelus1 :i* 0  
nev] exhibit$1 0 sold 9 ! ye> x 0 pa9t$ 
to a ,monsieur ,feydeau1 an ar*itect1 = 
#ahjj francs4 ,x !n pass$ ?r\gh sev]al  
h&s be=e ! late ,monsieur ,secrtan      
compet$ up to #afj1jjj francs be=e he   
became possess$ ( ! prize at ! ,john    
,wilson sale4  ,! pur*ase1 h[ev]1 prov$ 
a s\nd inve/m5t1 = ^u ! disp]sal ( 8    
collection x 0 knock$ d[n = #eec1jjj    
francs to a ,monsieur ,pr\/1 act+ on    
behalf ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t4 ,! latt]1   
h[ev]1 :5 !y gave ! commission to buy ! 
picture1 _h no idea t su* a high value  
w\ld be plac$ ^u x1 & consequ5tly refus$
 to ratify ! sale2 a syndicate n[ came  
^u ! sc5e1 :o took x to ,am]ica4 ,!     
price1 h[ev]1 prov$ great] ?an ev5 !    

millionaires ( ! ,/ates 7 prep>$ to     
give1 & ! canvas aga9 return$ to        
,france1 :]e x f\nd a re/+-place 9 !    
collection ( ,monsieur ,*au*>d1 :o paid 
! enorm\s sum ( #hjj1jjj francs = its   
possession4  ,9 #ahei ,millet s5t two   
works to ! ,salon1 a ,woman graz+ h]    
,c[1 & ,dea? & ! ,woodman4 ,! latt]1 "o 
( ! mo/ philosophical ( ,millet's       
pictures1 :i* to-day is ! pr9cipal      
attraction ( ! ,jacobs5 ,museum at      
,cop5hag51 0 reject$4 ,disappo9tm5ts (  
?is k9d came ) su* sy/ematic regul>ity  
to ! pa9t] t he mu/ h become pro( aga9/ 
!m4 ,he always _h bitt] enemies among/ !
 critics1 :o nev] fail$ to p\r abuse ^u 
8 me?od & 8 subjects4 ,ev5 a numb] ( 8  
fell[ arti/s jo9$ 9 ! *orus (           
disapproval4 ,b ! vehem5ce ) :i* he 0   
attack$ 0 /rik+ evid5ce ( ! impression  
he 0 mak+ & ! inw>d s5se ( 8 own p[]s2 &
 ! fact t he 0 work+ out 8 de/9y accord+
 to ! dictates ( 8 own g5ius support$   
him aga9/ ?is outp\r+ ( prejudice &     
malice4 ,! social side ( life appeal$ to

 him m /rongly z ! ye>s roll$ on1 & !   
murmur+s :i* _h be5 he>d 9 #ahei z to ! 
sociali/ic t5d5cies ( ,dea? & ! ,woodman
 swell$ to a ro> :5 ! /up5d\s ,man ) !  
,hoe 0 exhibit$ f\rte5 ye>s lat]4 ,!    
latt]1 "o ( ! mo/ virile /udies (       
deprav$ humanity :i* ! _w has ev] se51  
has always be5 a fav\rite ) social      
re=m]s1 & has inspir$ "o rem>kable poem4
 ,ev5 8 mo/ implacable critics 7 dis>m$ 
be=e ?is canvas2 its p[] 0 magnetic2 x 0
 an inspiration1 s\l mov+ & tr5*ant4  ,8
 f9ancial difficulties nev] completely  
disp]s$4 ,at "o "t1 9 ord] to insure    
himself a little tranquillity1 he made a
 contract ) two speculators1 :]eby !y 7 
to become possessors ( all ! "w he      
produc$ = ?ree ye>s1 9 consid]ation ( _!
 assur+ him a ?\s& francs a mon?4 ,a    
great numb] ( ,millet's f9e/ productions
 pass$ ?us ?r\gh _! h&s1 includ+ !      
,return f ! ,fields & ! ,man ) ! ,hoe4  
,! p>tn]s 7 n long 9 qu>rell+1 & aft] a 
lawsuit _h be5 f\ght1 ,millet 0 left 9 !
 h&s ( a man :o frequ5tly w\ld n or c\ld

 n pay him 9 ready money1 & ^: bills he 
0 frequ5tly =c$ to disc\nt at           
consid]able loss4  ,"o little gleam (   
sun%9e r5d]$ 8 lat] days happy4 ,?is 0 a
 commission f a ,colm> bank]1 ,monsieur 
,?omas by "n1 :o requir$ f\r allegorical
 compositions repres5t+ ! ,seasons1 to  
decorate 8 rooms4 ,! arti/ 0 ov]joy$ by 
?is piece ( good =tune1 & imm$iately    
comm5c$ a mo/ consci5ti\s /udy ( su*    
mural decoration z 0 )9 rea*1 9 ord] t  
he might d full ju/ice to 8 patron4 ,he 
paid frequ5t visits to ,fonta9ebleau & !
 ,l\vre1 & ev5 desir$ a fri5d to inquire
 if he c\ld n obta9 reproductions ( !   
frescoes at ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii4 ,9  
spite ( all ?is elaborate prep>ation1 ! 
subjects 7 n su* z appeal$ to 8 g5ius1 &
 9 spite ( !m be+ well & s\ndly pa9t$1  
we are told t !y pres5t$ no features :i*
 call$ = special comm5t4  ,he f\nd1     
h[ev]1 a mu* m g5ial occupation 9       
accompli%+ a s]ies ( draw+s ord]$ by a  
,monsieur ,gavet1 :o paid ! arti/ #ajjj1
 #gjj1 & #dej francs ea*1 accord+ to _! 

size4 ,he made altoge!r n9ety-five      
draw+s 9 ?is way1 & x is said t ?is     
g5tleman _h 9 8 possession ! f9e/ "w 9  
black & :ite & wat]-col\r ! arti/ ev]   
execut$4  ,t[>ds ! latt] end ( 8 life ! 
dea? ( de> relatives & fri5ds ca/ a     
sorr[ful gloom ov] him4 ,among/ ! latt] 
,r\sseau1 :o expir$ 9 8 pres5ce on !    
#bbnd ( ,decemb] #ahfg1 0 p]haps ! loss 
:i* seem$ to him h>de/ to be>4 ,a /aun* 
& tru/y fri5d1 :o 0 to be reli$ ^u :5 8 
prospects seem$ ! mo/ hopeless1 he _h   
be5 "o ( ! v few :o _h appreciat$       
,millet's tal5ts at _! full wor?1 & :o1 
moreov]1 scanty z 8 own means 71 0 ev]  
ready to /ret* out 8 h& to assi/ 8      
/ruggl+ fri5d4      ,illu/ration3       
,,plate ,,viii4-,,! ,,%eep-,,fold       
7,9 ! ,glasg[ ,corporation ,art         
,gall]ies7      ,! poetry ( moonlight   
has nev] be5 bett] realis$ ?an by       
,millet4 ,! lonely wat* ( ! %eph]d1 !   
huddl+ toge!r     ( ! %eep1 ! dre>y     
my/ical pla9 /ret*+ away to !           
horizon1 los+ itself f9ally 9 ! vapor\s 

atmosph]e ( !     *illy night1 are all  
r5d]$ ) a/oni%+ fidelity4 ,x is     9   
su* works z ^! t ! ma/] reveals 8       
sympa?y )     ! solitude ( _m phases (  
peasant life4  ,%ortly aft]w>ds ,millet 
paid a visit to 8 patron1 ,h]r ,h>tmann1
 at ,mn/]1 & f "h he w5t = a %ort "t    
into ,switz]l&4 ,^u 8 return he devot$  
himself ) great e>ne/ness to "w1 &      
a*iev$ a c]ta9 success at ! ,salons ) 8 
exhibits4 ,! outbreak ( ! w> ) ,g]many  
caus$ him to migrate ) 8 family to      
,*]b\rg1 :]e he ?\ght he might cont9ue  
to "w1 remov$ z f> z possible f ! sc5es 
( c>nage & /ruggle :i* 7 go+ on f>!r    
ea/4 ,transport$ once m among/ ! sc5es (
 8 *ildhood1 he felt an increas$ impetus
 to production1 & :5 he return$ to      
,b>bizon late 9 #ahga1 he br\ght ) him a
 numb] ( canvases ( ! highe/ quality2   
conspicu\s among/ !m 0 ! wond]ful       
,grville ,*ur*1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4  ,!      
anxieties ( 8 tr\bl\s life 71 h[ev]1    
beg9n+ to %[ _! effect ^u 8 con/itution2
 a p]si/5t c\gh develop$1 & al?\gh an   

amelioration w\ld occasionally occur1 x 
0 always succe$$ by a worse condition   
?an be=e4 ,8 heal? suff]$ a g5]al       
decl9e1 & he f9ally brea!d 8 la/ on !   
#bj? ( ,janu>y #ahge4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 !   
little cemet]y ( ,*ailly1 beside 8 fri5d
 ,r\sseau1 amid/ ! sc5]y !y bo? lov$ s  
well4     ,,vi  ,,! ,,man ,,& ,,8 ,,art 
,millet is an in/ance ( an arti/ work+  
out 8 own de/9y1 impell$ by irresi/ible 
g5ius1 9 ! tee? ( seem+ly insurm\ntable 
ob/acles4 ,he />t$ life ) enorm\s       
disadvantages2 )\t fri5ds 9 influ5tial  
circles to spread 8 fame or plead 8     
cause2 )\t money to enable him to       
outlive & triumph ov] ! ignorant        
fanaticism ( critics & arti/s1 s soak$ 9
 ! conv5tionalis$ art ( _! "t t !y _h n 
p]ception en\gh to appreciate ! full    
mean+ ( t naturali/ic movem5t1 :i* 0    
f9ally to sweep away ! quasi-classic art
 !y boa/$ ( ) su* bomba/ic effusion4 ,! 
pa? 0 h>d & ?orny1 & 8 triumph 0 n      
f9ally consummat$ until aft] 8 dea?4 ,he
 himself f\nd 8 only satisfaction 9 !   

fact t he _h liv$ 8 life accord+ to !   
dictates ( 8 g5ius1 & _h a*iev$ !       
maximum ( :i* he 0 capable4  ,millet &  
our own ,cotman 7 some:at k9dr$ spirits2
 !re is mu* m aff9ity betwe5 ! "w ( !   
two m5 ?an is app>5t to any "o :o has n 
closely /udi$ !m4 ,! m>vell\s ,break+ ! 
,clod1 n[ happily p]man5tly h\s$ at !   
,briti% ,museum1 betrays ! same trem5d\s
 conception & broad outlook :i*         
*>act]ises _m a draw+ ( ,millet's4 ,bo? 
highly /rung to a pa9ful ext5t1 !y 7 ea*
 consci\s ( _! inability to curb ! p[]  
:i* prescrib$ a c]ta9 c\rse = !m1 & 9   
spite ( pecuni>y difficulties &         
unpopul>ity1 an inevitable result ( _!  
int5se orig9ality1 !y pursu$ a /eady    
c\rse to ! end ( _! lives4  ,!          
sociali/ic doctr9es :i* h be5 read into 
! "w ( ,millet are r ! outcome ( ! _w's 
uneasy consci5ce be+ br\ght face to face
 ) a cru%+ indictm5t ( exi/+ conditions1
 ?an ( any design on ! arti/'s "p to    
fur!r ! cause ( a political propag&a by 
means ( 8 art4 ,?is some:at extravagant 

read+ into 8 art has c]ta9ly be5 c>ri$  
to excess4 ,p>ticul>ly has su* be5 !    
case 9 ,am]ica1 :]e a l>ge numb] ( 8    
f9e/ works are at pres5t to be f\nd1    
curi\sly en\gh 9 ! h&s ( enorm\sly      
weal?y p1 :o are frequ5tly p]haps ! lea/
 able to und]/& ! real mean+ ( 8        
message4  ,com+ f a peasant /ock1 8     
sympa?ies 7 always ) ! peasant2 x 0 !   
only class he und]/ood or c>$ =4 ,he    
liv$ z "o ( !m1 & %>$ to a l>ge ext5t 9 
_! lab\r4 ,he has be5 designat$1 n      
inappropriately1 ! philosoph] 9 sabots4 
,rightly or wrongly he has come to be   
look$ ^u z "o ( ! high prie/s (         
communi/ic doctr9es4 ,few pictures h be5
 s ana!matis$ z ! ,man ) ! ,hoe1 &      
p]haps none h done m to inculcate       
sympa?y ) ! degradation ( ! l[] ord]s ( 
! human race4 ,! revolt+ brutality &    
vacancy ( t face haunts ! imag9ation4   
,is x possible t fell[-creatures s      
utt]ly debas$ by toil & neglect exi/8   
,millet dispels any d\bt ^u ! "q by     
bequea?+ to humanity ?is tr5*ant        

portrait4 ,by no means limit$ to        
,b>bizon or ,france1 ^! poor creatures  
exi/ 9 e c\ntry1 & curi\sly en\gh are   
consid]$ an ess5tial elem5t 9 ea*       
c\ntry's developm5t4  ,?is poignantly   
human note is obs]vable 9 almo/ e "w    
,millet wr\ght2 8 passionate sympa?y ) 8
 fell[-man is ! keynote ( 8 art4 ,!     
wood-cutt] 9 8 ardu\s toil1 ! %eph]d 9 8
 solit>9ess1 ! lab\r] turn+ ! soil )    
unv>y+ & labori\s monotony1 ! "m c>+ =  
h] *ildr5--all c>ry ! same message = him
 ( t /range & incompreh5sible m+l+ ( joy
 & sadness we call life4 ,l _m great    
m9ds be=e & s9ce 8 "t1 our arti/ f\nd ! 
greate/ joy 9 life 9 a placid & nev]    
*ang+ melan*oly4 ,b ! peasants he *ose  
knew no?+ ( ! sadness he saw 9 !m4      
,completely inur$ to _! toil1 & subdu$  
by x1 ) no ref9+ or uplift+ influ5ce to 
/imulate !m1 !y knew no?+1 aspir$ to    
no?+ beyond :at !y 72 x 0 left to       
,millet to supply ! might h be54 ,he saw
 ! inky blackness ( ! m9d ( ! ,man ) !  
,hoe1 ! pa!tic inequality betwe5 ! m\nt$

 f>m] direct+ ! safe /orage ( 8 crop1 & 
! /oop+ figures ( ! ,glean]s eag] to    
scrape up ! mis]able crumbs :i* _h fall5
 f ! ri* man's table4 ,he trac$ ! lives 
( ^! simple folk until we arrive at !   
grim & gaunt figure ( ,dea?1 :o1 z he   
grasps ! woodman by ! %\ld]1 rem9ds him 
t 8 c\rse is f9i%$ & t he1 9 common )   
all 8 fell[-m51 mu/ ent] ! great unkn[n 
l& f :i* !re is no return4 ,x is a sad &
 melan*oly art1 vibrat+ ) purity & tru?1
 ! outp\r+ ( a great s\l ye>n+ to       
express itself to ! utmo/ ( its p[]4 ,! 
m9d & "* ( ! man c be read 9 e l9e & 9 e
 t\* ( ! bru%4 ,8 draw+s & et*+s are ev5
 m se>*+ 9 _! virility ?an 8 pictures4  
,!re is a spontane\sness ab\t !m we se>*
 = 9 va9 9 8 "w 9 oil & pa/el4 ,9 black 
& :ite 8 int5sely emotional m9d f\nd a  
swift me?od ( expression2 9 !           
labori\sness ( oil pa9t+ he 0 fett]$ ) !
 complications ( ! m$ium4 ,x c be fairly
 said t only 9 "o or two pa9t+s--a      
notable example c be cit$ 9 ! wondr\s   
,sawy]s at ,s\? ,k5s+ton--does he rise  

to ! height ( a great pa9t]4 ,millet 0 a
 poet1 a philosoph]1 a great ?9k]1 & !  
means he *ose = express+ himself 7 ^?   
:i* 7 be/ fitt$ to 8 purpose4 ,8        
pr$ilections 9 art 7 conc5trat$ ^u !    
greate/1 & consequ5tly ! m5 :o appeal$  
to him 7 ! ?9k]s ( ! ages4 ,mantegna &  
,correggio1 ,mi*el ,angelo & ! mighty   
,greeks1 ^! 7 ! ma/]s :o left _! impress
 ^u 8 m9d & art4  ,! influ5ce ( s s9c]e 
& pr(\nd an arti/ has necess>ily be5    
pr(\nd4 ,he has m\ld$ m5 :o h a*iev$    
_w-wide fame2 ,segant9i1 = example1 w\ld
 nev] h ris5 to ! heights he did _h !   
example ( ,millet n be5 ev] be=e him4   
,!re h be5 _m :o1 )\t possess+ 8 g5ius1 
h endeav\r$ to foll[ 9 8 foot/eps1 b    
successfully z 8 imitators h sometimes  
caught 8 /yle1 _! productions c nev]    
live alongside 81 because !y lack ! real
 r+ ( s9c]ity4   ,! plates are pr9t$ by 
,,bemrose  ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,d]by &      
,london  ,! text at ! ,,ballantyne      
,,press1 ,ed9burgh