,trancrib]s ,note4 ,text appe>+ 9 italic & bold font 9 ! orig9al publication are %[n inside 444 & 444 m>kup respectively4 ,"s :ole numb]s & fractional p>ts are display$ z #aj-b_/c4 ,,gett+ ,,gold4 ,,griff9',s ,,/&>d ,,publications4 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 #bas4 ,,! ,,metallurgy ,,( ,,gold4 ,by ,t4 ,,kirke ,,rose1 ,d4,sc4 ,lond41 ,assoc4 ,r4,s4,m41 ,*emi/ & ,assay] to ! ,royal ,m9t4 8,adapt$ = all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! ,gold ,m9+ ,indu/ry1 be+ free f te*nicalities z f> z possible1 b is m p>ticul>ly ( value to ^? engag$ 9 ! indu/ry40--,cape ,times4 8,a ,compreh5sive ,practical ,treatise on ?is important subject40--,! ,times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,) num]\s ,plates1 ,maps1 & ,illu/rations4 #bas4 net4 ,,cyanid+ ,,gold ,,& ,,silv] ,,ores3 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,cyanide ,process4 ,by ,h4 ,,=bes ,,julian1 & ,,edg> ,,sm>t1 ,a4,m4,i4,c4,e4 8,a h&some volume ( #djj pages :i* w be a valuable book ( ref]5ce = all associat$ ) ! process40--,m9+ ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 ,?ird ,engli% ,edition4 ,fully ,illu/rat$1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,cyanide ,,process ,,( ,,gold ,,extraction4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,james ,,p>k1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,m4,in/4,m4,m4 8,we c confid5tly recomm5d ?is book z a ?or\ghly practical "w1 & congratulate ! au?or at its cont9u$ success40--,*emical ,news4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,illu/rat$4 ,fancy ,clo? ,bo>ds4 ,price #ds4 #f;d4 ,,gold ,,seek+ ,,9 ,,s\? ,,africa2 ,a ,h&book ( ,h9ts = int5d+ ,explor]s1 ,prospectors1 & ,settl]s4 ,by ,,!o4 ,,kassn]1 ,m9e ,manag]4 8,! ,prospector ought to include ?is book 9 8 libr>y ( ref]5ce1 & ! /ay-at-home read] w be int]e/$ & in=m$ by its cont5ts40--,m9+ ,_w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,h&some clo?1 #es4 ,,prospect+ ,,= ,,m9]als4 ,by ,s4 ,,h]b]t ,,cox1 ,assoc4 ,r4,s4,m41 ,m4,in/4 ,m4,m41 ,f4,g4,s41 c4 8,?is ,,excell5t ,,h&book w prove a p]fect vade-mecum to ^? engag$ 9 ! practical "w ( ,m9+ & ,metallurgy40--,times ( ,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,clo?4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,metallurgical ,,analysis ,,& ,,assay+3 ,a ,,?ree ,,ye>s' ,,c\rse ,,= ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,s*ools ,,( ,,m9es4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,macleod1 ,b4,a41 ,b4,sc41 ,a4,o4,s4,m41 & ,,*as4 ,,walk]1 ,f4,c4,s4 8,! publication ( ?is volume t5ds to prove t ! tea*+ ( metallurgical analysis & assay+ 9 ,au/ralia re/s 9 compet5t h&s40--,nature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,l>ge #dto4 ,libr>y ,/yle4 ,beautifully ,illu/rat$ ) #bj ,plates1 _m 9 ,col\rs1 & #id ,figures 9 ! ,text4 #b1 #bs4 net4 ,,preci\s ,,/ones3 ,,_! ,,prop]ties1 ,,occurr5ces1 ,,& ,,uses4 ,by ,dr4 ,,max ,,bau]4 ,translat$ by ,l4 ,j4 ,,sp5c]1 ,m4,a4 7,cantab471 ,f4,g4,s4 8,! plates are rem>kable = _! beauty1 delicacy1 & tru?fulness4 ,a glance at !m alone is a lesson on preci\s /ones40--,a!num4 99 99 99 99 99 ,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,limit$1 ,exet] ,/41 ,/r&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prospector4--,,di%wa%+ ,,or ,,pann+ ,frontispiece ,,gett+ ,,gold3 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,= ,,prospectors1 ,,m9]s1 ,,& ,,/ud5ts4 ,,by ,j4 ,c4 ,f4 ,,johnson1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,au/4 ,,in/4 ,,( ,,m9+ ,,eng9e]s2 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,practical ,,m9+10 8,,! ,,g5esiology ,,( ,,gold10 ,,etc4 ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,,) #ej ,,illu/rations ,,& #h ,,plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,& ,,company ,,limit$ #ahbj ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,& ,,company1 ,limit$2 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 #aijd4 ,all rights res]v$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition ,"s ye>s ago ! au?or publi%$ a small book entitl$ 8,practical ,m9+10 design$ specially = ! use ( ^? engag$ 9 ! always fasc9at+1 ?\gh n z inv>iably pr(itable1 pursuit ( 8,gett+ ,gold40 ,( ?is t5 ?\s& copies 7 sold1 ne>ly all 9 ,au/ralasia1 & ! "w is n[ out ( pr9t4 ,! ,london ,m9+ ,j\rnal ( ,septemb] #i?1 #ahia1 said ( x3 8,we h seldom se5 a book 9 :i* s mu* int]e/+ matt] comb9$ ) useful in=mation is giv5 9 s small a space40 ,! gold-m9+ indu/ry has gr[n consid]ably s9ce #ahia1 & x appe>$ to ! writ] t ! pres5t w\ld be a propiti\s "t to br+ out a simil> "w1 b ) a consid]ably enl>g$ scope4 ,:at has be5 aim$ at is to make 8,gett+ ,gold0 a comp5dium1 9 specially concrete =m1 ( useful in=mation respect+ ! processes ( w9n+ f ! soil & ! aft]-treatm5t ( gold & gold ores1 includ+ "s orig9al practical discov]ies by ! au?or4 ,practical in=mation1 orig9al & select$1 is giv5 to m9+ company directors1 m9e manag]s1 qu>tz mill op]ators1 & prospectors4 ,9 8,rules ( ,?umb10 *apt]s ,,xi4 & ,,xii41 w be f\nd a l>ge numb] ( useful h9ts on subjects directly & indirectly connect$ ) gold-m9+4 ,! au?or's m9+ exp]i5ce ext5ds back ?irty ye>s & he !re=e v5tures to believe ) "s degree ( confid5ce t ! in=mation1 orig9al or compil$1 :i* ! book conta9s1 w be f\nd bo? useful & pr(itable to ^? :o are 9 any capacity int]e/$ 9 ! gold-m9+ indu/ry4 ,j4 ,c4 ,f4 ,j4 ,london1 ,novemb] #ahif4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,publi%]s' ,,note ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,edition ,! review] 9 ,nature rem>k$ on ! ,fir/ ,edition ( ?is book1 8,x has (t5 be5 said t ! practical man does n write books1 b ,!re ,is ,"h a ,complete ,refutation ( ! ,calumny40 ,! sale ( two l>ge editions has ju/ifi$ ! op9ion ( ! review]1 & %[s t ! book f ! practical man is valu$4 ,! ,?ird ,edition has be5 revis$ ?r\gh\t & sev]al new figures 9 ! text & eight full-page plates h be5 add$4 ,x is confid5tly hop$ t ?is new ,edition w meet ) ! same k9dly reception z ! e>li] ones4 ,novemb] #aijd4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory4 ,,gett+ ,,gold ,gold--,poetical & hi/orical ref]5ces--,its wide di/ribution--,rema9s ( anci5t works--,old appliances--,mod]n appliances anticipat$--,lab\rs ( al*emi/s--,deposition simil> to common m9]als--,h[ fir/ obta9$--,! ,pactolian annual miracle--,mode ( work+ aurif]\s s& & lodes--,pr9cipal s\rces ( gold supply--,transvaal production--,cali=nian production--,real date ( discov]y 9 ,au/ralia--,/ate enc\ragem5t = new discov]ies--,ob/acles 9 e>ly ,au/ralian production--,au/ralasian production to date--,! _w's weal?--,nuggets--,mod]n me?ods--,hydraulic+ *eape/--,def9ition ( 8lode0--,igne\s & aque\s !ories contra/$--,diff]5ce betwe5 reef & alluvial gold--,m9+ t]ms expla9$--,usual exploitation & treatm5t--,op]ations--,/amp batt]y--,its advantages z cru%]--,usual mill+ op]ations pp4 #a-ab ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,gold ,,prospect+ 7,,alluvial ,,& ,,g5]al7 ,ignorance ( prospectors--,*apt] specially address$ to ! inexp]i5c$--,valuable f9ds mo/ly accid5ts--,be/ way to obta9 elem5t>y k--,an assay+ exp]i5ce--,:at a prospector %\ld "k--,usual geological conditions ( mo/ m9]als--,unwise to foll[ !ories bl9dly--,in/ances ( unlikely occurr5ces ( gold--,importance ( exam9+ outcrops--,curi\s matrices = gold--,alluvial & reef gold--,h9ts to prospectors--,prospect+ = alluvial gold--,t9 di%--,dry bl[+--,size ( prospect+ %aft--,intricacy ( deep leads--,h[ to recognise true bottom--,gold be>+ 8gutt]s0--,diff]5ce 9 work+ %all[ & wet gr\nd pp4 #ac-ba ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,lode ,,or ,,reef ,,prospect+ ,likelie/ localities = reefs--,simil>ity ( indications ( m9]als--,:]e fir/ prospect+ is done--,a practical example--,iron/one 8bl[s0--,_! true orig9--,igne\s !ory unt5able--,usual tr5d ( lodes 9 ,au/ralia--,exceptions to ! rule--,in/ances ( ri* deposits ap>t f lodes--,s9uosity ( lodes--,h[ to trace lodes demon/rat$--,exam9e all indications--,h[ to recognise gold1 silv]1 copp]1 t9--,h[ to asc]ta9 _! value--,caution 9 s9k+--,:]e to prospect 9 case ( p>allel lodes--,usual und]lie 9 ,au/ralia--,size ( prospect+ %aft--,tip = mullock--,h[ to di/+ui% gold f pyrites or mica--,e/imat+ value f prospect--,h[ to pan--,an amalgamat+ assay me?od--,au?or's device :5 antimony pres5t--,batt]y1 be/ te/--,silv] & t9 indications--,lode t91 /ream t91 difficulty ( recognis+ t9--,lode t9 always ne> granite--,m9]als (t5 mi/ak5 = t9--,h[ to discrim9ate--,t9 9 ,we/ralia pp4 #bb-cc ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,g5esiology ,,( ,,gold 7,,aurif]\s ,,lodes7 ,igne\s !ory =m]ly /rongly upheld--,quotation f ,rosales--,8 argum5ts combat$--,hydro-!rmal action--,its evid5ces 9 ,new ,zeal&--,pr(essor ,lobley's !ory--,au?or's deposition !ory confirm$--,lat] works--,conclusions ( ,le ,conte--,metamorphic slates & e>li] ,silurian /rata !ory--,=mat ion ( m9]al lodes--,:at 0 gold orig9ally8--,metal or metallic salt--,silicate hypo!sis pref]r$--,explanation ( sulphides & silicates ( gold--,bis*('s int]e/+ exp]im5t--,skey's & o!r deposition exp]im5ts--,h[ gold took its metallic =m--,! ,com/ock lode--,occurr5ce ( gold 9 %utes expla9$--,:y lode junctions are usually ri*--,cox's !ory--,in/ances ( lodes re-=m+--,gold z natural sulphide--,newb]y's !ory ( gold 9 pyrit\s lodes--,probable occurr5ce 9 pyrit\s ores z sulphide pp4 #cd-dg ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,g5esiology ,,( ,,gold 7,,aurif]\s ,,drifts7 ,d]ivation & occurr5ce--,old digg]s' 8gr[+0 !ory--,deposition exp]im5t illu/rat+ nature--,d5udation ( qu>tz lodes !ory--,examples ( its probability--,nuggets require o!r explanation--,deposition1 mo/ rational !ory--,usual alluvial !ory combat$--,da9tree's & ,wilk9son's deposition exp]im5ts--,spondulix & ,lo?air nuggets--,newb]y's deposition exp]im5ts--,nugget =m expla9$--,au?or's exp]im5ts 9 manufacture ( gold5 qu>tz--,extract f au?or's 8,deposition ( ,gold0--,rem>kable nugget--,reason ( sup]iority ( alluvial gold pp4 #dh-eh ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,gold ,,extraction ,division ( me?ods ( treat+ ores--,sci5tific extraction indisp5sable--,sup]ficial k--,g]man & ,au/ralian me?ods comp>$--,s*ools ( ,m9es--,antiquity ( gold work+--,m9]'s equipm5t--,tub1 cradle1 long tom--,h[ op]at$--,hydraulic m9+--,ext5sive ,au/ralian drifts--,extraction ( reef gold--,amalgamation--,cru%+ appliances--,pref]5ce = /amp]s--,! ,lemi*el syphon--,! ,griff9 mill--,! ,hunt+don mill--,dodge cru%]--,krupp ,grusonw]k ,ball ,mill--,premature plant erect+--,dang] ( untri$ processes--,d\ble fault$ lode--,automatic ore fe$]s--,ma*9]y site--,f\ndations = batt]y--,weight ( /amps--,p[] & wat] requir$ = batt]y--,selection ( scre5--,fall ( tables--,anci5t ,egyptian gold wa%+ table--,blanket tables--,successful treatm5t ( refractory ore 9 ,au/ralia--,me?ods v>y ) ore--,importance ( ev5 cru%+--,po9ts re cru%+--,be/ =m ( /amp] box--,clean+ plates--,=m ( scrap]--,retort+ amalgam--,special difficulties1 h[ to ov]come !m pp4 #ei-hf ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,gold ,,extraction 7,,second>y ,,processes ,,& ,,lixiviation7 ,*oos+ ! plant---,v>i\s ores & _! con/itu5ts--,amalgamation--,v>i\s conc5trators--,p]cussion tables--,frue vann]--,pan conc5tration--,simultane\s gr9d+ & amalgamat+ condemn$--,watson & ,d5ny pan--,good ma*9es (t5 condemn$--,proc$ure 9 ore treatm5t--,duncan pan--,calc9+--,rotatory amalgamator--,/eam+ conc5trates--,dry amalgamation--,sulphuric acid & sick5$ m]cury--,amalgamation )\t ov]fl[--,exp]im5ts--,/eam z an ag5t 9 gold extraction--,lixiviation by *lor9e--,v>i\s processes--,m\nt ,morgan--,cyanide process pp4 #hg-ii ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,calc9ation ,,or 8,,roa/+0 ,,( ,,ores ,effect ( roa/+--,v>i\s me?ods--,rev]b]atory furnaces--,h[ell1 ,:ite1 ,brckn]1 ,?waite-,d5ny1 & ,moleswor? types ( revolv+ cyl9d] furnaces--,%aft type--,! ,/etefeldt furnace--,*imneys--,deposit+ *amb]s pp4 #ajj-ajh ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,motor ,,p[] ,,& ,,its ,,transmission ,wat] & /eam p[]--,wat]less p[] plant describ$--,oil eng9es--,electric transmission--,advantages ( electric p[]--,its possibilities pp4 #aji-aab ,,*apt] ,x ,,company ,,=mation ,,& ,,op]ations ,m9+ becom+ a sci5tific bus9ess--,initial mi/akes 9 public companies--,self-/yl$ m9+ exp]ts--,h[ articles ( association are compil$--,h[ directors & (ficials are *os5--,! usual consequ5ces--,rem$ies--,/ate inspectors--,c]tificates = m9e manag]s--,directors-- ,speciali/s 9 v>i\s bran*es advisable--,qualifications ( m9e manag]s--,economic advantages ( co-op]ation--,jo9t c5tral extraction works--,folly ( adopt+ untri$ new processes )\t full k--,p]t95t quotation--,w>n+ to directors--,robb+ mills--,h[ prev5t$--,conclusion pp4 #aac-abf ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,rules ,,( ,,?umb ,liv+ places--,a bu% b$--,nor!rn ,t]ritory hammock--,purify+ wat]--,to obta9 wat] f roots--,an effective filt]--,canvas wat]-bag--,m$ic9e case--,produc+ fire--,to copy correspond5ce--,simple telegraphic code--,a s]viceable soap--,to cross a flood$ /ream--,to make a hide bucket--,to make a 8slu% lamp0 pp4 #abg-aci ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,rules ,,( ,,?umb 7,,m9+ ,,appliances ,,& ,,me?ods7 ,a tempor>y =ge--,mak+ *>coal--,r\gh smelt+ on ! m9e--,misfires 9 bla/+--,to prev5t loss ( ri* specim5s 9 bla/+--,simple retort+ ( small quantities ( amalgam--,simple mode ( asc]ta9+ nom9al ,h4-,p4 ( eng9e--,scal+ copp] plates--,h[ to supply m]cury & wat] to mort>-boxes--,p[] = mills--,to avoid loss 9 clean+ up--,iron extractor--,to silv] copp] plates--,h[ to make a dolly1 r\gh w9dlass1 puddl]--,a make%ift pump--,squeez+ amalgam--,sluice plates--,measur+ inaccessible di/ances--,to set out a "r angle ) tape--,simple levell+ in/rum5ts--,levell+ by an]oid b>omet]--,to det]m9e heights--,to f9d dep? ( %aft--,plan = re-us+ wat]--,cool+ comp\nd = heat$ be>+--,clean+ greasy plumm] blocks--,an excell5t anti-friction comp\nd--,to clean brass--,a solv5t = ru/--,to protect iron & /eel f ru/--,to keep ma*9]y f ru/+--,fire-lute-- ,rope-splic+ pp4 #adj-aff ,,app5dix #a4 ,,select$ ,,data ,,= ,,m9+ ,,m54 ,to f9d lo/ "p ( a ve9--,calculation ( ore res]ves--,hydraulics--,bor+--,durability ( ropes--,diamond drill+--,notes on timb]--,lay+ out areas--,m5suration--,m9e survey+ problems--,ra9fall--,belt+ notes--,weight & bulk ( mat]ials--,*emical elem5ts & _! symbols1 c4--,common names ( *emical sub/ances--,!rmomet] read+s--,freez+1 fus+1 & boil+ po9ts--,heat values ( fuels--,signs & symbols us$ 9 express+ =mulas--,weights & measures--,to f9d cont5ts ( a tank--,sizes & weights ( corrugat$ iron %eets--,?ickness & weight ( %eet iron--,qualities ( ropes--,atmosph]e--,fre% & salt wat]--,velocity ( fall+ fluids--,pressure ( wat]--,table ( squ>es & cubes1 & _! roots--,wages & int]e/ tables4 pp4 #afg-aic #b4 ,,au/ralasian ,,m9+ ,,regulations pp4 #aid-bja ,,index pp4 #bjc-bjf ,,gett+ ,,gold ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,gold is a "n to *>m by4 ,x is desir$ by all nations1 & is ! "o metal ! supply ( :i* nev] exce$s ! dem&4 ,"s "o has aptly said1 8,gold is ! mo/ pot5t sub/ance on ! surface ( our planet40 ,tom ,hood s+s3 ,gold1 gold1 gold1 gold6 ,bright & yell[1 h>d & cold2 ,molt51 grav51 hamm]$1 roll$1 ,heavy to get1 & light to hold2 ,/ol51 borr[$1 squ&]$1 dol$4 ,t ?is mu* appreciat$ metal is heavy to get is prov$ by ! high value :i* has be5 plac$ on x f times remote to date1 & t x is light to hold mo/ ( u "k to our co/4 ,we read no f>!r ?an ! second *apt] 9 ! ,bible :5 we f9d m5tion ( gold4 ,!re ,moses speaks ( 8! l& ( ,havilah1 :]e !re is gold02 & 9 ,g5esis1 *apt] xxiv41 we read t ,abraham's s]vant gave ,rebekah an e>r+ ( half a %ekel weight1 say #d dwt4 #ac grs41 & 8two bracelets ( t5 %ekels weight10 or ab\t #d ozs4 ,!n ?r\gh\t ! ,scriptures1 &1 inde$1 9 all hi/oric writ+s1 we f9d frequ5t m5tion ( ! k+ ( metals1 & always x is spok5 ( z a commodity highly priz$4 ,i h sometimes ?\ght1 h[ev]1 t ei!r we are mi/ak5 9 ! weights us$ by ! ,hebrew nation 9 e>ly days1 or t ! ari?metic ( ^? times 0 n q 8accord+ to ,cock]40 ,we read1 ,i4 ,k+s x4 & xli41 t ,solomon 9 "o ye> receiv$ no less ?an six hundr$ & ?ree score & six tal5ts ( gold4 ,if a tal5t ( gold 01 z has be5 assum$1 #cjjj %ekels ( #bai gra9s ea*1 ! value ( ! gold5 treasure accumulat$ 9 ?is "o ye> by ! ,hebrew k+ w\ld h be5 #c1fdf1cej /]l+4 ,consid]+ t ! only means ( 8gett+ gold0 9 ^? days 0 a mo/ primitive mode ( wa%+ x f riv] s&s1 or a /ill m difficult & labori\s process ( break+ ! qu>tz f ! lode )\t prop] tools or explosives1 & !n sl[ly gr9d+ x by h& lab\r betwe5 two /ones1 ! am\nt m5tion$ is truly enorm\s4 ,( ?is treasure ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 :o came to visit ! ,hebrew mon>*1 contribut$ a hundr$ & tw5ty tal5ts1 or1 say1 #fjj1jjj wor?4 ,:]e ! ,l& ( ,ophir1 :5ce ?is gold5 lady came1 0 really situat$ has evok$ mu* controv]sy1 b !re is n[ a g5]al op9ion t ,ophir 0 on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,africa1 some:]e ne> ,delagoa ,bay1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,limpopo & ,sabia riv]s4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t ! "n ( ! 8black b comely0 que5 0 ,sabia1 :i* may or may n be a co9cid5ce1 b x is c]ta9ly true t ! riv]s ( ?is di/rict h produc$ gold f prehi/oric times till n[4 ,! discov]y ( rem>kable ru9s 9 ! newly acquir$ prov9ce ( ,ma%onal&1 :i* ev9ce a high /ate ( civilisation 9 ! build]s1 may ?r[ "s light on ?is int]e/+ subject4 ,! pr9cipal value ( gold is z a m$ium ( ex*ange1 & its high appreciation is due1 fir/1 to ! fact t x is 9 almo/ univ]sal reque/2 &1 secondly1 to its comp>ative sc>city2 yet1 oddly en\gh1 ) ! exception ( t humble b s]viceable metal iron1 gold is ! mo/ widely di/ribut$ metal kn[n4 ,few1 if any1 c\ntries d n possess x1 & 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! _w1 civilis$ & uncivilis$1 x is m9$ = & br\ght to m>ket4 ,! torrid1 temp]ate1 & frigid zones are almo/ equally aurif]\s4 ,sib]ia1 mid-,asia1 mo/ p>ts ( ,europe1 d[n to equatorial & s\!rn ,africa 9 ! ,old ,_w1 & nor?1 c5tral1 & s\!rn ,am]ica1 ) ,au/ralasia1 9 :at may be t]m$ ! ,new ,_w1 are all produc]s ( gold 9 payable quantities4 ,9 ! e>li] ages1 ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! preci\s metal 0 probably ,africa1 :i* has always be5 prolific 9 gold4 ,to ?is day !re are to be se5 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,egypt excavations & ! rema9s ( old m9e build+s & appliances left by ! anci5t gold-m9]s1 :o 7 mo/ly ,/ate prison]s4 ,"s ( ^! m9es 7 work$ by ! ,ph>aohs (1 & be=e1 ! "t ( ,moses2 & 9 ^! dreadful places ?\s&s ( ,israelites 7 driv5 to dea? by ! taskma/]'s :ip4 ,among/ ! old appliances is "o cut out ( /one v simil> to ! amalgamat+1 or blanket-table1 ( a mod]n qu>tz mill 7see p4 #gi74 ,! gr9d+ 0 done betwe5 /ones1 & possibly by means ( su* primitive me*anism z is us$ to-day by ! natives ( ,korea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,korean ,,mill4 ,! ,korean ,mill is simply a l>ge h>d /one %ap$ z 9 ,fig4 #a1 to :i* a rock+ motion is giv5 by manual p[] by means ( ! bamboo h&les :ile ! ore is cru%$ betwe5 ! upp] & basem5t /one4 ,solomon says 8!re is no new ?+ "u ! sun02 c]ta9ly !re is mu* t is n absolutely new 9 appliances = gold extraction4 ,i lately le>n$ t ! pr9ciple ( "o ( our newe/ conc5trat+ ma*9es1 ! ,frue vann]1 0 kn[n 9 ,india & ! ,ea/ c5turies ago2 & we h x on good au?ority--t ( ,pl9y--t gold sav+ by amalgamation ) m]cury 0 practis$ be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x w n be surpris+ !n if1 ere long1 "s "o claims to h inv5t$ ! ,korean ,mill1 ) improvem5ts4 ,few subjects 9 m9]alogical sci5ce h evok$ m controv]sy ?an ! orig9 ( gold4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 &1 inde$1 d[n to ! "t ( t great philosoph]1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 :o 0 himself bitt5 ) ! craze1 x 0 widely believ$ t1 by :at 0 kn[n z transmutation1 ! bas] metals might be *ang$ to gold2 & mu* "t & tr\ble 7 exp5d$ 9 attempts to make gold--ne$less to say )\t ! desir$ result4 ,d\btless1 h[ev]1 _m valuable additions to *emical sci5ce1 & also "s useful metallic alloys1 7 ?us discov]$4 ,! late/ />tl+ /atem5t on ?is subject comes f1 ( c\rse1 ! wond]l& ( ! _w1 ,am]ica4 ,9 a rec5tly publi%$ j\rnal x is said t a sci5tific metallurgi/ !re has succe$$ 9 produc+ absolutely pure gold1 :i* /&s all te/s1 f silv]4 ,ne$less to say1 if ?is 7 true1 at all ev5ts ! mu* vex$ bi-metallic "q w\ld be solv$ at once & = all "t4 ,x is n[ admitt$ by all speciali/s t ! royal metal1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 mat]ial respects 9 its mode ( occurr5ce f its useful b m plebeian bre?r5 ( ! m9]al k+dom1 has yet be5 deposit$ "u simil> conditions f m9]al salts held 9 solution4 ,! fir/ mode ( obta9+ ?is mu* desir$ metal 0 d\btless by wa%+ ! s& ( riv]s :i* fl[$ ?r\gh aurif]\s /rata4 ,"s ( ^!1 su* z ! ,lydian /ream1 ,pactolus1 7 suppos$ to r5ew _! gold5 /ores miracul\sly ea* ye>4 ,:at really happ5$ 0 t ! w9t] floods deta*$ portions ( aurif]\s drift f ! banks1 :i*1 be+ dis9tegrat$ by ! ru% & fl[ ( ! wat]1 w\ld naturally deposit 9 ! /ill rea*es & eddies any gold t might be conta9$ !re94 ,! mode ( wa%+ 0 exactly t c>ri$ on by ! natives 9 "s di/ricts ( ,africa to-day4 ,a wood5 b[l 0 p>tly fill$ ) aurif]\s s& & mud1 &1 /&+ knee-deep 9 ! /ream1 ! op]ator add$ a little wat]1 & caus$ ! cont5ts ( ! b[l to take a circul> motion1 some:at z ! mod]n digg] does ) 8 t9 di%1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t 8 anci5t prototype all[$ ! wat] & light] p>ticles to escape ov] ! rim z he swirl$ ! /uff r\nd & r\nd4 ,i presume1 9 f9i%+ ! op]ation1 he collect$ ! gold5 gra9s by g5tly lapp+ ! wat] ov] ! r$uc$ mat]ial1 mu* z we d n[4 ,i h already spok5 ( ! mode 9 :i* aurif]\s lode-/uff 0 treat$ 9 e>ly times--i4e41 by gr9d+ betwe5 /ones4 ,?is is also practis$ 9 ,africa to-day1 & we h se5 t ! ,koreans1 ) ,mongolian acut5ess1 h gone a /ep f>!r1 & pulv]ise ! qu>tz by rock+ "o /one on ano!r4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica ! arra/ra is /ill us$1 :i* is simply ! application ( horse or mule p[] to ! /one-gr9d+ process1 ) use ( m]cury4 ,! pr9cipal s\rces ( ! gold supply ( ! mod]n _w h be51 fir/1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,transylvania 9 ,europe1 ,sib]ia 9 ,asia1 ,cali=nia 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ,au/ralia4 ,africa has always produc$ gold f "t immemorial4 ,! lat] developm5t 9 ! ,johannesburg di/rict1 ,transvaal1 :i* has absorb$ s _m millions ( ,engli% capital1 is n[1 aft] mu* difficulty & disappo9tm5t--?anks to ,briti% pluck & skill--produc+ spl5didly4 ,! yield = #ahih 0 #d1bie1fji1 & = #aijc #b1hei1dgg ounces--a yield nev] be=e equall$ by lode-m9+ f "o field4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdg gold 0 discov]$ 9 ,cali=nia1 at ,sutor's sawmill1 ,sacram5to ,valley1 :]e1 on ! wat] be+ cut (f1 yell[ specks & small nuggets 7 f\nd 9 ! tail race4 ,! enorm\s 8ru%0 :i* foll[$ is a matt] ( hi/ory & ! subject ( _m romances1 ?\gh ! tru? has1 9 ?is in/ance1 be5 /rang] ?an fiction4 ,! yield ( ! preci\s metal 9 ,cali=nia s9ce t date up to #ahhh am\nts to #bef1jjj1jjj4 ,foll[+ close on ! ,am]ican discov]y came t ( ,au/ralia1 ! cr$it ( :i* has usually be5 accord$ to ,h>graves1 a return$ ,cali=nian digg]1 :o wa%$ out payable gold at ,lewis ,ponds ,creek1 ne> ,ba?ur/1 9 #ahea4 ,b !re is n[ no reason to d\bt t gold _h previ\sly be5 discov]$ 9 sev]al p>ts ( t great isl& cont95t4 ,x may be news to _m t ! fir/ gold m9e work$ 9 ,au/ralia 0 op5$ ab\t twelve miles f ,adelaide city1 ,s4,a41 9 ! ye> #ahdh4 ,?is m9e 0 call$ ! ,victoria2 sev]al ( ! ,company's scrip are pres]v$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y2 b "s two ye>s previ\s to ?is a man nam$ ,edw>d ,prov5 _h f\nd gold 9 ! same neighb\rhood4 ,mo/ ,gov]nm5ts n[adays enc\rage 9 e possible way ! discov]y ( gold-fields1 & rew>ds rang+ f hundr$s to ?\s&s ( p\nds are giv5 to successful prospectors ( new aurif]\s di/ricts4 ,! rew>d ! ,new ,s\? ,wales au?orities met$ out to a wret*$ convict1 :o e>ly 9 ?is c5tury _h d>$ to f9d gold1 0 a hundr$ la%es vigor\sly laid on to 8 already excoriat$ back4 ,! man !n v naturally admitt$ t ! alleg$ discov]y 0 a fraud1 & t ! nugget produc$ 0 a melt$ d[n brass c&le/ick4 ,"o might h imag9$ t ev5 9 ^? un5light5$ days x w\ld n h be5 difficult to f9d a sci5ti/ suffici5tly well in=m$ to put a little nitric acid on ! suppos$ nugget1 & s det]m9e :e!r x 0 ! g5u9e article1 )\t sk9n+ a live man fir/ to asc]ta94 ,my belief is t ! un=tunate fell[ really f\nd gold1 b1 z ,mr4 ,deas ,?ompson1 ! !n ,colonial ,secret>y1 aft]w>ds told ,h>graves 9 disc\rag+ 8 report$ discov]y1 8,y mu/ rememb] t z soon z ,au/ralia becomes kn[n z a gold-produc+ c\ntry x is utt]ly spoil$ z a receptacle = convicts40 ,?is1 !n1 0 ! secret ( ! unwill+ness ( ! au?orities to enc\rage ! se>* = gold1 & x is aft] all due to ! fact t ! se>* 0 ultimately successful beyond all prec$5t1 t ,au/ralia has be5 = s _m ye>s reliev$ ( ! curse ( convictism1 & has ceas$ once & = all to be a dept = ! sc\ndrelism ( ,brita9--8,hurrah = ! bright r$ gold60 ,f ! ye> #ahea to #ahig ! value ( ! gold rais$ 9 ! ,au/ralasian colonies realis$ ! enorm\s am\nt ( ne>ly #eej1jjj1jjj4 ,"o _c help wond]+ :]e x all goes4 ,mulhall gives ! exi/+ money ( ! _w at #bdcg million p\nds1 ( :i* #hdf millions are pap]1 #hja millions silv]1 & #gij millions gold4 ,f #ahcj to #ahhj ! _w consum$ by melt+ d[n plate1 c41 #dbcj tons ( silv] m ?an x m9$4 ,f #ahjj to #ahgj ! value ( gold 0 ab\t #ae times t ( silv]4 ,f #ahgj to #ahhj x 0 #afg times ! value ( silv] & n[ exce$s x ov] tw5ty times4 ,9 #agjj ! _w _h #cja million p\nds ( money1 & 9 #ahfj1 #aahj million p\nds /]l+4 ,9 #ahid ! curr5t gold 0 wor? ab\t #hjj1jjj1jjj4 ,! gold fir/ work$ = 9 ,au/ralia1 z 9 o!r places1 0 ( c\rse alluvial1 by :i* is usually und]/ood loose gold 9 nuggets1 specks1 & du/1 ly+ 9 drifts :i* 7 once ! b$s ( long ext9ct /reams & riv]s1 or possibly ! mora9es ( glaci]s1 z 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,fur!r on ! diff]5ces w be m5tion$ betwe5 8alluvial0 & 8reef0 or lode gold1 = t !re is a diff]5ce 9 orig9 9 _m occurr5ces1 is1 ,i ?9k1 provable4 ,i hold1 & hold /rongly1 t true alluvial gold is n always d]iv$ f ! dis9tegration ( lodes or reefs4 ,= in/ance1 ! 8,welcome ,nugget0 c]ta9ly nev] came f a reef4 ,no su* mass ( gold1 or any?+ approa*+ x1 has ev] yet be5 tak5 f a qu>tz matrix4 ,x 0 f\nd at ,bak]y ,hill1 ,ball>at1 9 #aheh1 weight #baie ozs41 & sold = #aj1ejj4 ,?is 0 above its actual value4 ,! 8,welcome ,/rang]10 a /ill l>g] mass ( gold1 0 f\nd among/ ! roots ( a tree at ,dunolly1 ,victoria1 9 #ahfi1 by two />v$ out 8fossick]s0 nam$ ,deeson & ,oates4 ,! weight ( ?is1 ! l>ge/ au!nticat$ nugget ev] f\nd1 0 #bbfh ozs41 & x 0 sold = #aj1jjj1 b x 0 r5d]$ useless z a specim5 by ! f9d]s1 :o sp5t a night burn+ x to remove ! adh]+ qu>tz4 ,b ! ord9>y digg] nei!r hopes nor expects to une>? su* treasures z ^!4 ,he is cont5t to ga!r toge!r by means ( puddl+ ma*9e1 cradle1 long tom1 or ev5 puddl+ tub & t9 di%1 ! scales1 specks1 du/1 & occasional small nuggets ord9>ily met ) 9 alluvial 8wa%es40 ,hav+ sunk to ! 8wa%10 or 8drift10 ! digg]1 by means ( "o or m ( ! appliances m5tion$ above1 proce$s to sep>ate ! gold f ! clay & gravel 9 :i* x is f\nd4 ,( c\rse 9 l>ge alluvial claims1 :]e capital is employ$1 su* appliances are sup]s$$ by /eam puddl]s1 buddles1 & o!r ma*9]y1 & sometimes m]cury is us$ to amalgamate ! gold :5 v f9e4 ,hydraulic+ is ! *eape/ =m ( alluvial m9+1 b c only be pr(itably c>ri$ out :]e ext5sive drifts1 :i* c be work$ z qu>ry faces1 & unlimit$ wat] exi/ 9 ! same neighb\rhood4 ,:5 su* conditions obta9 a few gra9s ( gold to ! y>d or ton w pay h&somely4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,lode ,,=mation ,,9 ,,slate ,,& ,,s&/one4 ,lode1 or reef m9+1 is a m exp5sive & complicat$ process1 requir+ mu* skill & capital4 ,fir/1 let me expla9 :at a lode really is4 ,! ,am]ican t]m is 8l$ge10 & x is n inappropriate or inexpressive4 ,imag9e !n a l$ge1 or k]b/one1 cont9u+ to unkn[n dep?s 9 ! e>? at any angle v>y+ f p]p5dicul> to ne>ly horizontal4 ,?is k]b/one is totally di/9ct f ! rocks :i* enclose x2 ^? on "o side may be slate1 on ! o!r1 s&/one 7,fig4 #b72 b ! lode1 sep>at$ usually by a small b& ( s(t mat]ial kn[n to m9]s z 8cas+10 or 8fluccan10 pres]ves always an indep5d5t exi/5ce1 & 9 _m in/ances is practically bottomless s f> z human exploration is conc]n$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 reefs or lodes :i* are n p]si/5t 9 dep?4 ,sometimes ! lode =mation is f\nd only 9 ! upp] & new] /rata1 & cuts out :51 say1 ! basic rocks 7su* z granite1 c47 are rea*$4 ,aga91 !re is a =m ( lode kn[n among m9]s z a 8ga%0 ve9 7,fig4 #c74 ,x is sometimes met ) 9 ! old] cry/all9e slates1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! lode runs con=mably ) ! cleavage ( ! rock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,ga% ,,ve94 ,mu* ignorance is display$ on ! subject ( lode =mation & ! deposition ( metals !re91 ev5 by m9+ m5 ( long exp]i5ce4 ,_m /ill insi/ t lodes1 p>ticul>ly ^? conta9+ gold1 are ( igne\s orig91 & po9t to ! black & br[n f]ro-manganic outcrops 9 confirmation4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t (t5 ! upp] portions ( a lode pres5t a /rong appe>ance ( fire ag5cy1 b exactly ! same appe>ance c be caus$ by oxidation ( iron & manganese 9 wat]4 ,x may n[ be accept$ z a prov5 fact t no true lode has be5 =m$1 or its metals deposit$ except by aque\s action4 ,t is to say1 ! bulk ( ! lode & all its metallif]\s cont5ts 7 once held 9 solution 9 subt]ranean wat]s1 :i* 7 eject$ by geys]s or simply filt]$ into fissures =m$ ei!r by ! %r9kage ( ! e>?'s cru/ 9 process ( cool+ or by volcanic =ce4 ,x is n cont5d$ t ! effect ( ! int]nal fires _h no influ5ce on ! =mation ( metallif]\s ve9s1 inde$1 x is c]ta9 t !y _h1 b ! action 0 :at is t]m$ hydro-!rmal 7hot wat]72 & su* action we may see 9 progress to-day 9 ,new ,zeal&1 :]e hot spr+s /ream or sp\t above ! surface1 :5 ! silica & lime impregnat$ wat]1 r$uc$ 9 heat & releas$ f pressure1 beg9s =?) to deposit ! m9]als previ\sly held 9 solution4 ,h5ce ! =mation ( ! wondr\s ,:ite & ,p9k ,t]races1 de/roy$ by volcanic action "s sixte5 ye>s s9ce1 :i* grew almo/ :ile y wat*$4 ,s rapidly 0 ! silica deposit$ t a dead beetle or ti-tree twig left 9 ! transluc5t blue wat] = a few days became completely coat$ & petrifi$4 ,gold diff]s 9 its mode ( occurr5ce f o!r metals 9 _m respects2 b !re is no d\bt t x 0 once held 9 aque\s solution & deposit$ 9 its metallic =m by electro-*emical action4 ,x is true we d n f9d oxides1 c>bonates1 or bromides ( gold 9 ,nature1 nor c we feel q sure t gold n[ exi/s naturally z a sulphide1 *loride1 or silicate1 ?\gh ! presumption is /rongly t x does4 ,if s1 ! deposition ( ! gold may be ceaselessly progress+4 ,g5]ally reef gold is f9] z to size ( ! p>ticles1 &1 z a rule1 inf]ior 9 quality to alluvial4 ,?us1 9 addition to ! extra lab\r entail$ 9 break+ into "o ( ! h>de/ ( rocks1 qu>tz1 ! madre de oro 78"m ( gold07 ( ! ,spani>ds1 !re is ! additional lab\r requir$ to pulv]ise ! rock s z to set free ! t9ie/ p>ticles ( ! noble metal x s jeal\sly gu>ds4 ,!re is also ! additional difficult op]ation ( sav+ & ga!r+ toge!r ^! small specks1 & s produc+ ! massive cakes & b>s ( gold 9 _! m>ketable /ate4 ,hav+ f\nd payable gold 9 qu>tz on ! surface1 ! w\ld-be m9] has next to asc]ta9 two ?+s4 ,fir/1 ! /rike or c\rse ( ! lode2 & secondly1 its und]lie1 or dip4 ,! /rike1 or c\rse1 is ! direction ( ! lode l5g?wise4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! t]m 8und]lie0 is us$ to designate ! angle f ! p]p5dicul> at :i* ! lode lies 9 its enclos+ rocks1 & by 8dip0 ! angle at :i* x dips or incl9es l5g?wise on its c\rse4 ,?us1 at "o po9t ! cap ( a lode may appe> on ! surface1 & "s di/ance fur!r ! cap may be hundr$s ( feet bel[4 ,usually a %aft is sunk 9 ! 8reef0 to prove ! und]lie1 & a level1 or levels1 driv5 on ! c\rse to asc]ta9 its direction und]gr\nd1 also if ! gold ext5ds1 & if s1 h[ f>4 ,?is be+ prov$1 next a v]tical %aft is sunk on ! hang+ or upp] wall side1 & ! reef is ei!r tapp$ !reby1 or a cross-cut driv5 to int]sect x4 ,we w n[ assume t our m9]s h f\nd _! lode payable1 & h "s hundr$s ( tons ( good gold-be>+ /one 9 sight or at ! surface4 ,!y mu/ next provide a r$uc+ plant4 ,( means = cru%+ or triturat+ qu>tz !re is no lack1 & e ye> gives u fre% inv5tions = ! purpose1 ea* "o bett] ?an t :i* prec$$ x1 accord+ to its inv5tor4 ,mo/ practical m51 h[ev]1 pref] to cont9ue ! use ( ! /amp] batt]y1 :i* is virtually a pe/le & mort> on a l>ge scale4 ,:y we adh]e to ?is =m ( pulv]is+ ma*9e is t1 ?\gh some:at wa/eful ( p[]1 x is easily und]/ood1 its we>+ p>ts are *eaply & exp$iti\sly replac$1 & x is s /rong t ev5 ! mo/ p]v]sely /upid workman _c easily break x or put x out ( ord]4 ,! /one1 be+ p\nd$ into s& ( su* degree ( f95ess z ! gold requires1 passes ?r\gh a p]=at$ iron plate call$ a 8grat+10 or 8scre510 on to an incl9$ surface ( copp] plates fac$ ) m]cury1 hav+ small tr\ghs1 or 8riffles10 conta9+ m]cury1 plac$ at c]ta9 di/ances ap>t4 ,! cru%$ qu>tz is c>ri$ ov] ^! copp] 8tables10 z !y are t]m$1 !nce ov] ! blanket tables--t is1 incl9$ planes cov]$ ) co>se s]ge1 blankets1 or o!r floccul5t mat]ial--s t ! heavy p>ticles may be caught 9 ! hairs1 or is pass$ ov] vann]s or conc5trat+ ma*9es4 ,! result+ 8conc5trates10 consi/+ = ! mo/ "p ( sulphides ( iron1 copp]1 & lead1 are wa%$ (f f "t to "t & res]v$ = second>y treatm5t4 ,fir/1 !y are roa/$ to get rid ( ! sulphur1 ars5ic1 c1 :i* w\ld int]f]e ) ! amalgamation or lixiviation1 & !n ei!r gr\nd to impalpable f95ess 9 "o ( ! _m triturat+ pans ) m]cury1 or treat$ by *lor9e or cyanog54 ,if1 h[ev]1 we are m]ely amalgamat+1 !n at /at$ p]iods ! batt]y & pans are cle>$ out1 ! amalgam rubb$ or scrap$ f ! copp] plates & rais$ f ! tr\ghs & riffles4 ,x is !n squeez$ ?r\gh *amois lea!r1 or good calico w d z well1 & retort$ 9 a l>ge iron retort1 ! nozzle ( :i* is kept 9 wat] s z to conv]t ! m]curial vap\r aga9 to ! metallic =m4 ,! result is a spongy cake ( gold1 :i* is ei!r sold z 8retort$0 gold or smelt$ into b>s4 ,! o!r & m sci5tific me?ods ( extract+ ! preci\s metal f its matrices1 su* z lixiviation or lea*+1 by means ( solv5ts 7*lor9e1 cyanog51 hyposulphite ( soda1 c71 w be m fully describ$ fur!r on4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,gold ,,prospect+--,,alluvial ,,& ,,g5]al ,x is purpos$ 9 ?is *apt] to deal specially ) ! op]ation ( se>*+ = valuable m9]al by individuals or small work+ p>ties4 ,x is well kn[n t mu* disappo9tm5t & loss accrue ?r\gh lack ( k by prospectors1 :o ) all _! ent]prise & en]gy are (t5 v ignorant1 n only ( ! probable locality1 mode ( occurr5ce1 & widely diff]+ appe>ance ( ! v>i\s valuable m9]als1 b also ( ! be/ means ( locat+ & te/+ ! ores :5 f\nd4 ,x is = ! in=mation ( su* z ^! t ?is *apt] is ma9ly int5d$1 n = sci5ti/s or m9]s ( l>ge exp]i5ce4 ,all ( u :o h _h mu* to d ) m9+ "k t ! majority ( ! be/ m9]al f9ds h be5 made by ! pure/ accid5t2 (t5 by m5 :o _h no m9+ k :atev]2 & t _m valuable discov]ies h be5 delay$1 or1 :5 made1 ab&on$ z n payable1 f ! same cause--ignorance ( ! rudim5ts ( m9]alogy & m9+4 ,i h frequ5tly be5 ask$ by prospectors1 :5 inspect+ new m9]al fields1 :at rudim5t>y k w be mo/ useful to !m & h[ x c be be/ obta9$4 ,if a man c sp>e ! "t a c\rse ( lessons at "s accr$it$ s*ool ( m9es w be1 und\bt$ly1 ! be/ possible tra9+2 b if he asks :at books he %\ld read 9 ord] to obta9 "s prim>y te*nical in/ruction1 ,i reply3 ,fir/1 an introductory text-book ( geology1 :i* w tell him 9 ! simple/ & pla9e/ language all he absolutely requires to "k on ?is important subject4 ,e prospector %\ld und]/& elem5t>y geology s f> z g5]al k ( ! hi/ory ( ! /ructure ( ! e>?'s cru/ & ( ! sev]al actions t h tak5 place 9 ! pa/1 or are n[ 9 op]ation1 modify+ its conditions4 ,he may ) advantage g a few /eps fur!r & le>n to classify ! v>i\s =mations into sy/ems1 gr\ps1 & s]ies3 b he c acquire all t he ne$ absolutely "k f ?is useful little #bs4 #f;d4 book4 ,next1 x is advisable to le>n some?+ ab\t ! occurr5ce & appe>ance ( ! valuable m9]als & ! =mations 9 :i* !y are f\nd4 ,= all practical purposes ,i c recomm5d ,cox & ,ratte's 8,m9es & ,m9]als10 "o ( ! ,te*nical ,education s]ies ( ,new ,s\? ,wales1 :i* deals l>gely ) ! subject f an ,au/ralian /&po9t1 & is !re=e p>ticul>ly valuable to ! ,au/ralian m9]1 b :i* w be f\nd applicable to mo/ o!r gold-be>+ c\ntries4 ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 omit to m5tion an admirably compil$ multum 9 p>vo volume prep>$ by ,mr4 ,g4 ,goyd]1 jun41 ,gov]nm5t ,assay] & ,assay ,in/ructor at ! ,s*ool ( ,m9es1 ,adelaide4 ,x is call$ ! 8,prospectors' ,pocketbook10 co/s only "o %ill+1 is well b\nd1 & ( h&y size to c>ry4 ,9 brief1 pla9 language x describes h[ a man1 hav+ le>n$ a little ( assay+1 may *eaply provide himself ) a portable assay plant1 & fluxes1 & also gives consid]able g5]al in=mation on ! subject ( m9]als1 _! occurr5ce & treatm5t4#a #a ,ano!r excell5t & really practical book is ,pr(4 ,cole's 8,practical ,aids 9 ,geology0 7second edition71 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,x may "h be /at$ t tw5ty-"o ye>s ago ! au?or did a l>ge am\nt ( practical silv] assay+ on ! ,b>ri] ,hill1 :i* 0 n !n s accessible a place z x is n[1 & got closely correct results f a numb] ( diff]5t m9es1 ) an extemporis$ plant almo/ amus+ 9 its simplicity4 ,all ,i took f ,adelaide 7 a small set ( scales capable ( det]m9+ ! weight ( a button d[n to #bj ozs4 to ! ton1 a piece ( *eese clo? to make a scre5 or sieve1 a t9 r+ #a 94 diamet]1 by #a_/b 94 high1 a small brass door knob to use z a cupel m\ld1 & "s p[d]$ borax1 c>bonate ( soda1 & argol = fluxes2 :ile = r$uc+ lead ,i _h rec\rse to ! l9+ ( a tea-*e/1 :i* lead conta9s no silv]--,john ,*9aman takes good c>e ( t4 ,my mort> 0 a jam t91 )\t top or bottom1 plac$ on an anvil2 ! pe/le a %ort /eel drill4 ,! blacksmi? at ,mundi ,mundi ,/ation made me a small wr\ght iron crucible1 also a pair ( b5t tongs f a piece ( f5c+-wire4 ,! manag] gave me a small common r$ fl[] pot = a muffle1 & ) ! smi?'s =ge 7! fire built r\nd ) a few blocks ( talcose s*i/7 = a furnace1 my plant 0 complete4 ,i burn$ & cru%$ bones to make my bone-du/ = cupell+1 & ?us provid$ made ne>ly =ty assays1 "s ( :i* 7 aft]w>ds *eck$ 9 ,adelaide1 9 ea* in/ance com+ z close z *eck assays g5]ally d4 ,n[adays "o c pur*ase *eaply a v effective portable plant1 or aft] a few lessons a man may by practice make himself s pr(ici5t ) ! bl[pipe z to obta9 assay results suffici5tly accurate = mo/ practical purposes4 ,com+ !n to ! actual "w ( prospect+4 ,:at ! prospector requires to "k is1 fir/1 ! usual locality ( occurr5ce ( ! m valuable m9]als2 secondly1 _! appe>ance2 ?irdly1 a simple mode ( te/+4 ,) respect to occurr5ce1 ! old] s&y & clay slates1 *lorite slates1 micace\s1 & hornbl5dic s*i/s1 p>ticul>ly at or ne> _! junction ) ! intrusive granite & diorite1 g5]ally =m ! mo/ likely geological c\ntry = payable m9]al lodes1 p>ticul>ly gold1 silv] & t94 ,b ^? :o h be5 engag$ 9 practical m9+ = long1 f9d+ by exp]i5ce t no two m9]al fields are exactly alike 9 all _! *>act]i/ics1 h come to ! conclusion t x is unwise to =m !ories z to :y metals %\ld or %\ld n be f\nd 9 c]ta9 enclos+ rocks or matrices4 ,"s ( ! be/ reef gold got 9 ,victoria has be5 obta9$ 9 dead :ite1 milky-look+ qu>tz almo/ de/itute ( base metal4 ,9 ,s\? ,au/ralia reef gold is almo/ inv>iably associat$ ) iron1 ei!r an oxide1 z 8gossan20 or f]rug9\s calcite1 8limonite20 or granul> silica1 conglom]at$ by iron1 ! 8iron/one0 :i* =ms ! capp+ or outcrop ( _m ( our reefs1 & :i* is (t5 ri* 9 gold4 ,b to %[ t x is unsafe to decide (f-h& 9 :at class ( matrix metals w or w n be f\nd1 ,i may say t 9 my own exp]i5ce ,i h se5 payable gold 9 ! foll[+ mat]ials3-- ,qu>tz1 d5se & milky1 also 9 qu>tz ( ne>ly e col\r & appe>ance1 sac*>oidal1 cry/all9e1 nay1 ev5 9 cle> glass-l six-sid$ prismatic cry/als1 & associat$ ) silv]1 copp]1 lead1 ars5ic1 iron z sulphide1 oxide1 c>bonate1 & tung/ate1 antimony1 bismu?1 nickel1 z9c1 lead1 & o!r metals 9 "o =m or ano!r2 9 slate1 qu>tzite1 mica s*i/1 granite1 diorite1 porphyry1 felsite1 calcite1 dolomite1 common c>bonate ( iron1 silice\s s9t] f a hot spr+1 z at ,m\nt ,morgan2 z alluvial gold 9 drifts =m$ ( almo/ all ^! mat]ials2 & once1 p]haps ! mo/ curi\s matrix ( all1 a small piece ( app>5tly alluvial gold1 naturally imb$d$ 9 a %aly piece ( coal4 ,?is specim51 ,i ?9k1 is 9 ! ,sydney ,museum4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 ! prospector may make sure (3 he w always f9d gold m or less intimately associat$ ) silica 7qu>tz7 9 "o or o!r ( its _m =ms1 j z he w always f9d cassit]ite 7oxide ( t97 9 ! neighb\rhood ( granite conta9+ muscovite 7:ite mica71 :i* s _m p w p]si/ 9 t]m+ talc4 ,x is /at$ to be a fact t t9 has nev] be5 f\nd m ?an ab\t two miles f su* granite4 ,f :at has be5 said ( its widely div]g5t occurr5ce1 x w be admitt$ t ! ,corni% m9]s' say+ ) reg>d to metals g5]ally applies ) great =ce to gold3 8,:]e x is1 !re x is03 & 8,c\s9 ,jack0 adds1 ) pa!tic emphasis1 8& :]e x is g5]ally1 !re ,i a9't40 ,i h already spok5 ( ! geological 8c\ntry rock0 9 :i* reef gold is mo/ likely to be discov]$--i4e41 ! junction ( ! slates & s*i/s ) ! igne\s or metamorphic 7alt]$7 rocks1 or 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,old riv] b$s =m$ ( gravelly drifts 9 ! same neighb\rhood may probably conta9 alluvial gold1 or %all[ deposit ( 8wa%10 or hillsides & valleys w (t5 c>ry good surface gold4 ,?is is sometimes due to ! d5udation1 or we>+ away1 ( ! hills conta9+ qu>tz ve9s--t is1 :]e ! alluvial gold really 0 d]iv$ f su* ve9s1 :i*1 popul> op9ion to ! contr>y1 is n always ! case4 ,mu* disappo9tm5t & loss ( "t & money w\ld (t5 be prev5t$ if prospectors w\ld realise t all alluvial gold does n come f ! qu>tz ve9s or reefs2 & t foll[+ up an alluvial lead1 no matt] h[ ri*1 w n inevitably develop a payable gold lode4 ,sometimes gold1 evid5tly ( reef orig91 is f\nd 9 ! alluvial2 b 9 t case x is g5]ally f9e z reg>ds ! size ( ! p>ticles1 m or less %>p-edg$1 or cry/all9e 9 =m if rec5tly %$2 :ile su* gold is (t5 ( poor] quality ?an ! true alluvial :i* occurs 9 mammill>y 7brea/-l7 nuggets1 & is ( a high] degree ( purity z gold4 ,! ord9>y non-sci5tific digg] w d well to give cr$5ce to ?is view ( ! case1 & w (t5 !reby save himself mu* useless tr\ble4 ,sometimes also ! alluvial gold1 co>s] 9 size ?an true reef-born alluvial1 is d]iv$ almo/ 9 situ f small qu>tz 8lead]s10 or ve9s1 :i* ! gr9d+ d[n ( ! face ( ! slates has expos$2 ^! lead]s 9 "t be+ also brok5 & worn1 set free ! gold !y h conta9$1 :i* does n1 z a rule1 travel f>1 b sometimes becomes wat]worn by ! rubb+ ov] x ( ! dis9tegrat$ fragm5ts ( rock4 ,b ! heavy1 true alluvial gold1 9 great pure masses1 mammill>y1 or botryoidal 7l a bun* ( grapes7 9 %ape1 h assur$ly be5 =m$ by accretion on "s metallic base1 f gold salts 9 solution1 probably *loride1 possibly sulphide or silicate4 ,nuggets1 prop]ly s-call$1 are nev] f\nd 9 qu>tz lodes2 b1 z w be %[n lat]1 a true nugget hav+ all ! *>act]i/ics ( s-call$ wat]worn alluvial may be artificially =m$ on a small piece ( gal5a1 or pyrites1 by susp5d+ ! base metal 9 ! loop ( a ?read 9 a weak solution ( *loride ( gold 9 :i* a few h>d-wood *ips are ?r[n4 ,prospect+ = alluvial gold at %all[ dep?s is a comp>atively easy process1 requir+ no great am\nt ( te*nical k4 ,usually ! fir/ gold is got at or ne> ! surface & !n trac$ to deep leads1 if su* exi/4 ,at ,m\nt ,br[n ,gold-field1 ,n4,s4,w41 9 #ahha1 ,i saw claimhold]s turn+ out to "w equipp$ only ) a small broom made ( twigs & a t9 di%4 ,) ! broom !y c>efully swept out ! crevices ( ! decompos$ slate z x 0 expos$ on ! surface1 & putt+ ! result+ du/ & fragm5ts into ! t9 di% proce$$ to dry bl[ x4 ,9 8dry bl[+0 ! op]ator takes ! di% ab\t half full ( dirt1 & /&+ ) 8 back or side to ! w9d1 if !re be any1 beg9s ?r[+ ! /uff up & cat*+ x1 or sometimes sl[ly p\r+ x f "o di% to ano!r1 ! w9d 9 ei!r case c>ry+ away ! f9] p>ticles4 ,he !n proce$s to r$uce ! quantity by c>efully extract+ ! l>g] fragm5ts ( rock1 till ev5tually he has only a h&ful or s ( mod]ately f9e 8dirt0 :i* conta9s any gold !re may be4 ,if 9 good siz$ nuggets x is pick$ out1 if 9 small] pieces or f9e gra9s ! digg] sl[ly bl[s ! s& & du/ aside ) 8 brea?1 leav+ ! gold expos$4 ,?is process is bo? t$i\s & unheal?y1 & ( c\rse c only be c>ri$ out ) v dry surface dirt4 ,! mat]ial 9 :i* ! gold occurr$ at ,m\nt ,br[n 0 compos$ ( brok5 slate & alluvium ) a few angul> fragm5ts ( qu>tz4 ,yet1 /range to say1 ! gold always _h a wat]worn appe>ance1 probably due to erosion by drift+ s& z is s (t5 ! case 9 ,we/ralian s-call$ alluvial4 ,dry bl[+ is n[ mu* 9 vogue on ! ,we/ ,au/ralian fields ow+ to ! sc>city ( wat]2 b ! great objection is fir/1 ! l>ge am\nt ( du/ ! un=tunate dry bl[] has to c>ry ab\t 8 p]son1 & secondly1 t ! peck ( dirt :i* is suppos$ to la/ mo/ m5 a lifetime has to be made a cont9u\s meal ( e day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,puddl+ ,,tub4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4--,,tub ,,puddl+ ,to face p4 #ah ,= wet alluvial prospect+ ! appliances1 besides pick & %ovel1 are puddl+ tub 7,fig4 #d & ,pl4 ,i471 t9 di%1 & cradle 7,fig4 #e & ,pl4 ,,ii472 ! latt]1 a man h&y ) tools c easily make = himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,sectional ,,sket* ,,( ,,cradle4 ,9 s9k+1 ! digg] %\ld be c>eful 7#a7 to avoid mak+ 8 %aft inconv5i5tly small1 & 7#b7 n to wa/e 8 en]gy by s9k+ a huge 8new *um0 hole1 :i* usually />ts by be+ ab\t ?ree times too l>ge = ! requirem5ts at ! surface1 b n>r[s 9 l a funnel at #aj feet or less4 ,a %aft1 say #d feet by #b feet #f in*es & sunk plumb1 ! ends be+ half r\nd$1 is l>ge en\gh = all requirem5ts to a consid]able dep?1 ?\gh ,i h se5 sm>t m51 :5 !y 7 9 a hurry to rea* ! drift1 get d[n 9 a %aft ev5 less 9 size4 ,! novice :o is try+ to foll[ or to f9d a deep lead mu/ fully und]/& t ! pres5t b$ ( ! surface riv] may n1 9 fact seldom does1 indicate ! anci5t wat]c\rses long s9ce buri$ ei!r by volcanic or diluvial action1 :i* conta9 ! ri* aurif]\s deposits = :i* he is seek+2 & mu* judgm5t & consid]able und]gr\nd exploration are (t5 requir$ to decide on ! true c\rse ( leads4 ,only by a c>eful consid]ation ( all ! geological surr\nd+s c an approximate idea be obta9$ f surface inspection alone2 & ! :ole probable conditions :i* l$ to ! pres5t cont\r ( ! c\ntry mu/ be c>efully tak5 into acc\nt4 ,h[ am ,i to "k true bottom :5 ,i see x8 asks ! inexp]i5c$ digg]4 ,well1 no?+ b long exp]i5ce & intellig5t obs]vation w prev5t mi/akes at times1 p>ticul>ly 9 deep gr\nd2 b z a g5]al rule1 ?\gh x may s\nd p>adoxical1 y may "k ! bottom by ! top4 ,t is1 we w assume y are s9k+ 91 say1 #aj to #ab feet gr\nd 9 a gully on ! bank ( :i* ! c\ntry rock is expos$1 & is1 say1 = in/ance1 a clay slate or s&y slate set at a c]ta9 angle2 !n1 9 all probability--unless !re be a di/9ct fault or *ange 9 ! c\ntry rock betwe5 ! slate outcrop & y\r %aft--! bottom w be a simil> slate1 /&+ at ! same angle2 & ?is w v probably be ov]laid by a deposit ( pipeclay1 =m$ by ! decomposition ( ! slates4 ,f ! crevices ( ^! slates1 sometimes p5etrat+ to a consid]able di/ance1 y may get gold1 b x is a useless attempt to s9k ?r\gh !m4 ,if ! outcropp+ /rata be a s(t calc>e\s 7limey7 s&/one or s(t felspa?ic rock1 & t be also ! true 8bottom10 great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$1 or "o is apt to s9k ?r\gh ! b$ rock1 :i* may be v loose & decompos$4 ,i h kn[n mi/akes made 9 ?is way :5 _m feet h be5 sunk1 & driv5 ?r\gh :at 0 actually b$ rock1 ?\gh s s(t z to deceive ev5 m5 ( exp]i5ce4 ,! =mation1 h[ev]1 mu/ be ! guide1 & except 9 "s specially difficult cases1 a man c soon tell :5 he is really on b$ rock or 8bottom40 ,on an alluvial lead ! object ( e "o is to 8get on ! gutt]10 t is1 to rea* ! l[e/ "p ( ! old und]gr\nd wat]c\rse1 ?r\gh :i* = c5turies ! gold may h be5 accretionis+ f ! p]colation ( ! m9]al-impregnat$ wat]2 or1 :5 d]iv$ f reefs or brok5 d[n lead]s1 ! fl[ ( wat] has act$ z a natural sluice :]e9 ! gold is !re=e mo/ ?ickly collect$4 ,sometimes ! lead runs = miles & is ( consid]able wid?1 at o!rs x is irregul>1 & ! gold-be>+ 8gutt]0 small & h>d to f9d4 ,9 _m in/ances1 = reasons n readily app>5t1 ! be/ gold is n f\nd exactly at ! l[e/ portion ( ^! n>r[ gutt]s1 b a little way up ! sides4 ,?is fact %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation 9 prospect+ new gr\nd1 = _m times a claim has be5 des]t$ aft] clean+ up ! 8bottom10 & ano!r man has got f> bett] gold consid]ably high] up on ! sides ( ! gutt]4 ,= %all[ alluvial deposits1 :]e a man quickly works out 8 #cj by #cj feet claim1 x may be *eap] at times to 8paddock0 ! :ole gr\nd--t is1 take all away f surface to bottom1 b if he is 9 wet gr\nd & he has to drive1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 to prop]ly secure ! ro( by means ( timb]4 ,h[ ?is may be/ be done ! local circum/ances only c decide4 ,9 loose or trea*]\s gr\nd c>eful att5tion %\ld be giv5 to timb]+1 i4e41 secur+ ! gr\nd to prev5t cav+ 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,cradl+ ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,lode ,,or ,,reef ,,prospect+ ,! prec$+ *apt] dealt m especially ) prospect+ z conduct$ on alluvial fields4 ,i %all n[ treat ( prelim9>y m9+ on lodes or 8reefs40 ,z has already be5 /at$1 ! likelie/ localities = ! occurr5ce ( metallif]\s deposits are at or ne> ! junction ( ! old] s$im5t>y =mations ) ! igne\s or intrusive rocks1 su* z granites1 diorites1 c4 ,9 se>*+ = payable lodes1 :e!r ( gold1 silv]1 copp]1 or ev5 t9 9 "s =ms ( occurr5ce1 ! indications are (t5 v simil>4 ,! fir/ prospect+ is usually done on ! hilltops or ridges1 because1 ow+ to d5udation by ice or wat] :i* h b>$ ! b$rock1 ! outcrops are !re m expos$1 & !nce ! lodes are foll[$ d[n ?r\gh ! alluvial cov]$ pla9s1 p>tly by _! 8/rike0 or 8tr5d10 & sometimes by o!r indicat+ evid5ces1 :i* ! practical m9] has le>n$ to "k4 ,= in/ance1 a lesson 9 trac+ ! lode 9 a grass cov]$ c\ntry 0 taught me _m ye>s ago by an old prospector :o _h /ruck good gold 9 ! reef at a po9t "s di/ance to ! ea/ ( :at _h be5 consid]$ ! true c\rse4 ,i ask$ him :y he _h op5$ ! gr\nd at t p>ticul> place4 ,said he1 8,"s folks don't use _! eyes4 ,y /& "h & look t[>ds t claim on ! rise :]e ! reef 0 la/ /ruck4 ,n[1 don't y see !re is almo/ a track betwixt "h & !re :]e ! grass & h]bage is m )]$ ?an on ei!r side8 ,:y8 ,well1 because ! h>d qu>tz lode is close to ! surface all ! way1 & !re is no great dep? ( soil to hold ! moi/ure & make ! grass gr[40 ,i h f\nd ?is simple lesson 9 practical prospect+ ( use s9ce4 ,b ! /rike or c\rse ( a qu>tz reef is m (t5 indicat$ by outcrops1 ei!r ( ! silica itself or iron/one 8bl[s10 z ! m9]s call !m1 b ! t]m is a misnom]1 z x argues ! easily disprov$ igne\s !ory ( ve9s ( ejection1 mean+ !reby t ! qu>tz ) its metallif]\s cont5ts 0 ?r[n out 9 a molt5 /ate f ! int]ior ( ! e>?4 ,?is has 9 no case occurr$1 & ! !ory is an impossible "o4 ,true lodes are ve9s ( injection =m$ by ! infiltration ( silicat$ wat]s c>ry+ ! metals also 9 solution4 ,?is wat] fill$ ! fissures caus$ ei!r by ! cool+ ( ! e>?'s cru/1 or =m$ by sudd5 upheavals ( ! igne\s rocks4 ,sometimes 9 alluvial gr\nd ! tr5d ( ! reef w be reveal$ by a track ( qu>tz fragm5ts1 m or less ?ickly di/ribut$ on ! surface & ?r\gh ! sup]9cumb5t soil4 ,foll[ ^!1 & at "s po9t1 if ! lode be cont9u\s1 a portion ( its solid mass w g5]ally be f\nd to protrude & c !n aga9 be prospect$4 ,!re is no rule z to ! tr5d or /rike ( lodes1 except t a great] numb] are f\nd tak+ a nor!rly & s\!rly c\rse ?an "o :i* is ea/]ly & we/]ly4 ,at all ev5ts1 su* is ! case 9 ,au/ralia1 b x _c be said t ei!r has ! advantage 9 be+ m productive4 ,"s ( ! ri*e/ m9es 9 ,au/ralasia h be5 9 lodes runn+ ea/]ly & we/]ly1 :ile gold1 t91 & copp]1 9 great quantity & ( high p]c5tage to ! ton1 h be5 got 9 su* m9es z ,m\nt ,morgan1 ,m\nt ,bis*(f1 & ! ,burra1 :i* conta9 no lodes prop]ly s-call$4 ,m\nt ,morgan is ! ri*e/ & mo/ productive gold m9e 9 ,au/ralasia & among/ ! be/ 9 ! _w4 ,its yield = #ahie 0 #abh1fii oz4 ( gold1 valu$ at #ebh1gjj4 ,divid5ds paid 9 #ahie1 #cjj1jjj4 ,?is m9e 0 op5$ 9 #ahhf4 ,up to ,may #ca1 #ahig1 ! total yield 0 #a1fca1iha ozs4 ( gold1 sold at #f1gab1ahg1 f :i* #d1djj1jjj h be5 paid 9 divid5ds4 7,see ,m9+ ,j\rnal1 = ,oct4 #i1 #ahig74 ,m\nt ,morgan %>ehold]s h1 9 o!r words1 divid$ ov] #dc tons ( /&>d gold4 ,! ,burra ,burra copp] m9e1 ab\t #ajj miles f ,adelaide1 9 a direction a little to ! ea/ ( nor?1 0 f\nd 9 #ahde by a %eph]d nam$ ,pickett4 ,x is s+ul>ly situat$ on bald hills /&+ #acj ft4 above ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,! ores obta9$ f ?is m9e h be5 *iefly r$ oxides1 v ri* blue & gre5 c>bonates1 includ+ mala*ite1 & also native copp]4 ,! discov]y ( ?is m9e1 support+1 z x did at "o "t a l>ge population1 m>k$ a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( ! colony4 ,! capital inve/$ 9 x 0 #ab1cbj 9 #e %>es1 & no subsequ5t call 0 ev] made ^u ! %>ehold]s4 ,! total am\nt paid 9 divid5ds 0 #hjj1jjj4 ,aft] be+ work$ by ! orig9al own]s = "s ye>s ! m9e 0 sold to a new company1 b dur+ ! la/ few ye>s x has n be5 work$1 ow+ 9 "s degree to ! l[ price ( copp] & also to ! fact t ! deposit orig9ally op]at$ ^u app>5tly became exhau/$4 ,= _m ye>s ! av]age yield 0 f #aj1jjj to #ac1jjj tons ( ore1 av]ag+ #bb to #bc p] c5t4 ( copp]4 ,x is /at$ t1 dur+ ! tw5ty-n9e & a half ye>s 9 :i* ! m9e 0 work$1 ! company exp5d$ #b1bda1afg 9 g5]al exp5ses4 ,! output ( ore dur+ ! same p]iod am\nt$ to #bcd1fdh tons1 equal to #ea1fbb tons ( copp]4 ,?is1 at ! av]age price ( copp]1 am\nt$ to a money value ( #d1gdi1bbd4 ,! m9e /opp$ work+ 9 #ahgg4 ,m\nt ,bis*(f1 ,tasmania1 has produc$1 s9ce ! =mation ( ! ,company to ,decemb] #ahie1 #dg1bfc tons ( t9 ore4 ,x is /ill 9 full "w & likely to be = ye>s to come4 ,ea* ( ^! imm5se metallif]\s deposits 0 f\nd outcropp+ on ! summit ( a hill ( comp>atively l[ altitude4 ,!re are no true walls nor c ! ore be trac$ away f ! hill 9 lode =m4 ,^! occurr5ces are g5]ally held to be due to hydro-!rmal or geys] action4 ,!n aga9 lodes are (t5 v erratic 9 _! c\rse4 ,slides & faults ?r[ !m f> f _! true l9e1 & sometimes ! lode is repres5t$ by a numb] ( l5ticul> 7d\ble-po9t$ 9 section7 masses ( qu>tz ( great] or less l5g?1 ei!r cont9u+ po9t to po9t or ov]lapp+1 8splic+10 z ! m9]s call x 7,fig4 #f74 ,su* =mations are v common 9 ,we/ ,au/ralia4 ,all ?is has to be consid]$ & tak5 into acc\nt :5 trac+ ! run ( /one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,l5ticul> ,,ve94 ,! tyro also mu/ c>efully rememb] t 9 r\gh c\ntry :]e ! lode /rikes across hills & valleys1 ! l9e ( ! cap or outcrop w app>5tly be v s9u\s ow+ to ! rises & depressions ( ! surface4 ,_m p ev5 n[ d n und]/& t true lodes or reefs are portions ( rock or mat]ial diff]+ f ! surr\nd+ & enclos+ /rata1 & cont9u+ d[n to unkn[n dep?s at v>y+ angles4 ,!re=e1 if y h a nor? & s\? lode outcropp+ on a hill & cross+ an ea/ & we/ valley1 ! said lode1 und]ly+ ea/1 :5 y h trac$ its outcrop to ! l[e/ po9t 9 ! valley1 betwe5 ! two hills1 w be f\nd to be a great] or less di/ance1 accord+ to ! angle ( its dip or und]lie1 to ! ea/ ( ! outcrop on ! hill :]e x 0 fir/ se54 ,if x be foll[$ up ! next hill x w come aga9 to ! we/1 ! am\nt ( app>5t deviation be+ regulat$ by ! height ( ! hills & dep? ( ! valley4 ,a simple demon/ration w make ?is pla94 ,take a piece ( half-in* p9e bo>d1 #b ft4 long & #i 94 wide1 & imag9e ?is to be a lode2 n[ cut a half circle out ( x f ! upp] edge ) a fret saw & lean ! bo>d say at an angle ( #de to ! left1 look along ! top edge1 :i* y are to consid] z ! outcrop on ! high gr\nd1 ! bottom ( ! cut be+ ! outcrop 9 ! valley1 & x w be se5 t ! l[e/ portion ( ! cut is "s in*es to ! "r2 s x is ) ! lode1 & 9 r\gh c\ntry v nice judgm5t is requir$ to trace ! true c\rse4 ,= indications1 nev] pass an iron/one 8bl[0 )\t exam9ation4 ,rememb] ! pregnant ,corni% say+ ) reg>d to m9+ & ! curr5t aphorism1 8,! iron hat cov]s ! gold5 head40 8,c\s9 ,jack10 put x 8,iron rides a good horse40 ,! iron/one outcrop may cov] a gold1 silv]1 copp]1 or t9 lode4 ,if y are se>*+ = gold1 ! pres5ce ( ! royal metal %\ld be app>5t on trial ) ! pe/le & mort>2 if silv]1 ei!r by sight 9 "o ( its v>i\s =ms or by assay1 bl[pipe or o!rwise2 copp] w reveal itself by its peculi> col\r1 gre5 or blue c>bonates1 r$ oxides1 or metallic copp]4 ,x is an easy metal to prospect =1 & its p]c5tage is n difficult to det]m9e approximately4 ,t9 is m difficult to id5tify1 z x v>ies s greatly 9 appe>ance4 ,hav+ f\nd y\r lode & asc]ta9$ its c\rse1 y want next to asc]ta9 its value4 ,z a rule 7& "o :i* x w be well to rememb]7 if y _c f9d payable metal1 p>ticul>ly 9 gold 8reef0 prospect+1 at or ne> ! surface1 x is n wor? :ile to s9k1 unless1 ( c\rse1 y design to /rike a %oot ( metal :i* "s "o has prospect$ be=e y4 ,! idea is explod$ t aurif]\s lodes necess>ily improve 9 value ) dep?4 ,! fact is t ! metal 9 any lode is n1 z a rule1 equally cont9u\s 9 any direction1 b occurs 9 %oots dipp+ at v>i\s angles 9 ! l5g? ( ! lode1 9 bun*es or sometimes 9 horizontal lay]s4 ,no?+ b actual exploit+ ) pick1 p[d]1 & bra9s1 p>ticul>ly bra9s1 w det]m9e ?is po9t4 ,:]e !re are sev]al p>allel lodes & a ri* *ute has be5 f\nd 9 "o & ! l5g? ( ! payable ore asc]ta9$1 ! neighb\r+ lodes %\ld be c>efully prospect$ opposite to ! ri* spot1 z (t5 simil> valuable deposits w ?us be f\nd4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ t y h1 say1 a gold reef payable at surface & = a reasonable di/ance along its c\rse1 y next want to asc]ta9 its und]lie or dip1 & h[ f> ! payable gold goes d[n4 ,z a g5]al ?+ 9 _m p>ts ( ,au/ralia--?\gh by no means an inflexible rule--a reef runn+ ea/ ( nor? & we/ ( s\? w und]lie ea/2 if we/ ( nor? & ea/ ( s\? x w g d[n to ! we/w>d & s r\nd ! po9ts ( ! compass till y come to ea/ & we/2 :5 if ! /rike ( ! lodes 9 ! neighb\rhood has come r\nd f nor?-ea/ to ea/ & we/ ! und]lie w be to ! s\?2 if ! contr>y 0 ! case1 to ! nor?4 ,x is surpris+ h[ (t5 ?is mode ( occurr5ce w be f\nd to obta94 ,b ,i _c too /rongly caution ! prospector n to tru/ to !ory b to prove 8 lode & 8 metal by foll[+ x d[n on ! und]lie4 8,/ick to y\r gold0 is an excell5t motto4 ,z a g5]al ?+ x is only :5 ! lode has be5 prov$ by an und]lie %aft to wat] level & explor$ by driv+ on its c\rse = a reasonable di/ance t "o ne$ beg9 to ?9k ( v]tical %afts & ! sci5tific lay+ out ( ! m9e4 ,a fir/ prospect+ %aft ne$ n usually be m ?an #e ft4 by #c ft4 or ev5 #e ft4 by #b ft4 #f 941 p>ticul>ly 9 dry c\ntry4 ,"o may (t5 see 9 h>d c\ntry /upid fell[s wa/+ "t1 lab\r1 & explosives 9 s9k+ huge excavations z mu* z #aj ft4 by #h ft4 9 solid rock1 sometimes foll[+ d[n #f in*es ( qu>tz4 ,:5 y\r %aft is sunk a few feet1 y %\ld beg9 to log up ! top = at lea/ #c ft4 or #d ft41 s z to get a tip = y\r 8mullock0 & lode /uff4 ,?is is done by gett+ a numb] ( logs1 say #f in*es diamet]1 lay "o #g ft4 log on ea* side ( y\r %aft1 cut two not*es 9 x #f ft4 ap>t opposite ! ends ( ! %aft1 lay across x a #e ft4 log simil>ly not*$1 s mak+ a frame l a l>ge ,ox=d picture frame4 ,cont9ue ?is by pil+ "o set above ano!r till ! desir$ height is atta9$1 & on ! top con/ruct a r\gh plat=m & erect y\r w9dlass 7,fig4 #g74 ,if y h an iron h&le & axle ,i ne$ n tell y h[ to set up a w9dlass1 b :]e timb] is sc>ce y may put toge!r ! w9d+ appliance describ$ 9 ! *apt] head$ 8,rules ( ,?umb40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,d\ble ,,w9dlass ,,) ,,logg$ ,,up ,,brace4 ,if y h 8/ruck x ri*0 y w h ! pleasure ( see+ y\r primitive w9dlass gr[ to a 8:ip10 a 8:im10 & ev5tually to a big p[]ful eng9e1 ) its huge drum & ,eiffel t[]-l 8poppet heads0 or 8d]rick10 ) _! great sp9dle pulley :eels revolv+ at dizzy spe$ high 9 air4 8,h[ %all ,i "k if ,i h payable gold s z to save "t & tr\ble 9 s9k+80 says ! novice4 ,truly x is a mo/ important "p ( ! prospector's art1 :e!r he be se>*+ = alluvial or reef gold or any o!r valuable metal4 ,i presume y "k gold :5 y see x8 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,:94 ,to face p4 #bh4 ,if y don't1 & ! d\btful p>ticle is co>se en\gh1 take a ne$le & /ick ! po9t into ! que/ionable specim54 ,if gold ! /eel po9t w readily prick x2 if pyrites or yell[ mica ! po9t w glance (f or only scrat* x4 ,! great importance ( ! fir/ prospect f ! reef is well %[n by ! brea?less int5sity ) :i* ! two be>d$1 bronz$ pione] prospectors 9 "s trackless ,au/ralian wild b5d ov] ! pan 9 :i* ! s5ior 8mate0 is sl[ly r$uc+ ! sample ( p[d]$ lode /uff4 ,h[ eag]ly !y exam9e ! la/ p9* ( 8black s&0 9 ! corn] ( ! di%4 ,prosp]ity & easy times1 or pov]ty & m 8h>d graft0 %all %ortly be reveal$ 9 ! la/ dext]\s turn ( ! pan4 ,let u hope x is a 8pay prospect40 ,! le>n]1 if he be f> afield & )\t appliances ( any k9d1 c only guess 8 prospect4 ,an old prospector w judge f six ounces ( lode /uff )9 a few p5nyweights ( :at w be ! yield ( a ton4 ,i h se5 _m a good prospect brok5 ) ! head ( a pick & pann$ 9 a %ovel1 b = reef prospect+ y %\ld h a pe/le & mort>4 ,! h&ie/ = travell+ is a mort> made f a m]cury bottle cut 9 half1 & a n too heavy wr\ght iron pe/le ) a h>d5$ face4 ,to be p>ticul> y require a scre5 9 ord] to get y\r /uff to regulat$ f95ess4 ,! be/ = ! prospector1 :o is (t5 on ! move1 is made f a piece ( *eeseclo? /ret*$ ov] a small hoop4 ,if y w\ld be m p>ticul> take a small spr+ balance or an improvis$ scale1 su* z is describ$ 9 ,mr4 ,goyd]'s excell5t little book1 p4 #ad1 :i* w enable y to weigh d[n to "o-?\s&? ( a gra94 ,x is (t5 desirable to burn y\r /one be=e cru%+1 z x is ?us m easily triturat$ & w reveal all its gold2 b rememb]1 t if x orig9ally conta9$ mu* pyrites1 unless a simil> c\rse is adopt$ :5 treat$ 9 ! batt]y1 "s ( ! gold w be lo/ 9 ! pyrites4 ,hav+ cru%$ y\r gangue to a f9e p[d] y proce$ to pan x (f 9 a simil> mann] to t ( wa%+ out alluvial e>?1 except t 9 prospect+ qu>tz "o has to be mu* m p>ticul>1 z ! gold is usually f9]4 ,! pan is tak5 9 bo? h&s1 & en\gh wat] to cov] ! prospect by a few in*es is admitt$4 ,! :ole is !n swirl$ r\nd1 & ! dirty wat] p\r$ (f f "t to "t till ! residue is clean qu>tz s& & heavy metal4 ,!n ! pan is g5tly tipp$1 & a side to side motion is giv5 to x1 ?us caus+ ! heavi] cont5ts to settle d[n 9 ! 8corn]0 or angle4 ,next ! wat] is c>efully lapp$ 9 ov] ! side1 ! pan be+ n[ tilt$ at a great] angle until ! light] p>ticles are all wa%$ away4 ,ne>ly all ! wat] is got rid (1 & ! pan is !n once m right$1 & ! small am\nt ( rema9+ wat] is pass$ ov] ! p9* ( heavy m9]al a few times1 :5 ! gold w be reveal$ 9 a /reak along ! bottom4 ,9 ?is op]ation1 z 9 all o!rs1 only practice w make p]fect1 & a few practical lessons are wor? :ole pages ( writt5 in/ruction4 ,to make an amalgamat+ assay t w prove ! am\nt ( gold :i* c be got f a ton ( y\r lode1 take a numb] ( samples f diff]5t p>ts1 bo? l5g? & bread?4 ,! drill+s f ! bla/+ bore-holes collect$ make ! be/ te/4 ,:5 f9ely triturat$ weigh (f "o or two p\nds1 place 9 a black iron pan 7x mu/ n be t9n$71 ) #d ozs4 ( m]cury1 #d ozs4 salt1 #d ozs4 soda1 & ab\t half a gallon ( boil+ wat]2 !n1 ) a /ick1 /ir ! pulp con/antly1 occasionally swirl+ ! di% z 9 pann+ (f1 till y feel c]ta9 t e p>ticle ( ! gangue has come 9 contact ) ! m]cury2 !n c>efully pan (f into ano!r di% s z to lose no m]cury4 ,hav+ got y\r amalgam clean squeeze x ?r\gh a piece ( *amois lea!r1 ?\gh a good quality ( new calico previ\sly wett$ w d z well4 ,! result+ pill ( h>d amalgam c !n be wrapp$ 9 a piece ( br[n pap]1 plac$ on an old %ovel1 & ! m]cury driv5 (f ov] a hot fire2 or a clay tobacco pipe1 ! m\? be+ /opp$ ) clay1 makes a good retort 7see 8,rules ( ,?umb10 pipe & potato retort+74 ,! residue w be retort$ gold1 :i*1 on be+ weigh$ & ! result multipli$ by #bbdj = a #a lb4 assay1 or by #aabj = #b lb41 w give ! am\nt ( gold p] ton :i* an ord9>y batt]y might be expect$ to save4 ,?us #a gra9 to ! p\nd1 #bbdj lbs4 to ! ton1 w\ld %[ t ! /uff conta9$ #d oz4 #ac dwt4 #h gr4 p] ton4 ,if !re %\ld be mu* base metal 9 y\r sample su* z say /ibnite 7sulphide ( antimony71 a mo/ tr\blesome comb9ation to ! amalgamator--in/ead ( ! =mula m5tion$ above add to y\r m]cury ab\t "o dwt4 ( z9c %av+s or clipp+s1 & to y\r wat] suffici5t sulphuric acid to br+ x to ab\t ! /r5g? ( v9eg> 7weak]1 if any?+1 n /rong]71 place y\r mat]ial pref]ably 9 an e>!nw>e or enamell$ bas9 if procurable1 b iron w d1 & intimately mix by /irr+ & %ak+ till ! m]cury has tak5 up all x c4 ,retort z be=e describ$4 ,?is device is my own inv5tion4 ,nev] use ! same pan = m]cury & = prospect+1 z ! m]cury hides ! gold by coat+ x4 ,! only g5u9e te/ aft] all is ! batt]y1 & t1 ow+ to v>i\s causes1 is (t5 by no means satisfactory4 ,fir/1 !re is a /rong1 almo/ unconqu]able temptation to select ! /one1 ?us mak+ ! te/+ ( a few tons give an unduly high av]age2 b m (t5 ! tr\ble is ! o!r way4 ,! /uff is s5t to be treat$ at "s ineffici5t batt]y ) worn-out mort>s1 %aky f\ndations1 & unev5 tables1 sometimes ) ! plates n half amalgamat$1 or coat$ ) impurities1 ! :ole conc]n sup]9t5d$ by a man :o kn[s z little ab\t ! treatm5t ( aurif]\s qu>tz by ! amalgamat+ or any o!r process z a d+o does ( ! diff]5tial calculus4 ,result3 #c dwt4 to ! ton 9 ! retort1 #cj dwt4 9 ! tail+s1 & a payable claim decl>$ a 8duff]40 ,:5 ! lode is really ri*1 p>ticul>ly if x be c>ry+ co>se gold1 & ow+ to r\gh c\ntry1 or di/ance1 a good batt]y is n available1 excell5t results 9 a small way may be obta9$ by ! some:at labori\s1 b simple1 process ( 8dolly+40 ,a dolly is a "o man p[] s+le /amp batt]y1 or r an extra siz$ pe/le & mort> 7see 8,rules ( ,?umb10 p4 #aeb74 ,silv] lodes & lodes :i* frequ5tly c>ry m or less gold1 are (t5 f\nd b5ea? ! d>k iron/one 8bl[s10 compos$ ( conglom]ates held toge!r by f]ric & manganic oxides2 or1 :]e ! ore is gal5a1 ! surface indications w frequ5tly be a :iti% limey track1 sometimes ext5d+ = miles1 & nodules or 8slugs0 ( t ore w g5]ally be f\nd on ! surface f place to place4 ,mo/ silv] ores are easily recognisable1 & readily te/$ by means ( ! bl[pipe or simple fire assay4 ,sometimes ! silv] on be+ te/$ is f\nd to conta9 a consid]able p]c5tage ( gold1 z 9 ! great ,com/ock lode 9 ,nevada4 ,ore f ! big ,brok5 ,hill silv] lode1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 also conta9s an appreciable quantity ( ! m preci\s metal4 ,a natural alloy ( gold1 t]m$ electrum1 conta9s #bj p] c5t4 silv]4 ,t91 lode1 & /ream1 or alluvial1 occurs only z an oxide1 t]m$ cassit]ite1 & yet y c well appreciate ! complim5t "o ,corni% m9] pays to ano!r ^: clev]ness he wi%es to comm5d1 :5 he says ( him1 8,aw1 he d knaw t910 :5 y look at a repres5tative collection ( t9 ores4 ,9 v>i\s %apes1 f %>p-edg$ cry/als to mammill>y-%ap$ nuggets ( wood-t92 f masses ( #cj lbs4 weight to a f9e s&1 l gunp[d]1 9 col\r black1 br[n1 grey1 yell[1 r$1 ruby1 :ite1 & sometimes a m+l+ ( sev]al col\rs1 x does require mu* judgm5t to "k t94 ,/ream t9 is g5]ally associat$ ) alluvial gold4 ,:5 su* is ! case bo? ! gold & ! t9 c be sav$1 = ! yell[ metal is mu* heavi]4 ,z ! t9 ore is an oxide :i* is n susceptible to amalgamation1 ! gold c be readily sep>at$ by means ( m]cury4 ,lode t9 sometimes occurs 9 simil> qu>tz ve9s to ^? 9 :i* gold is got1 & is occasionally associat$ ) gold4 ,t9 is also f\nd1 z at ,euri[ie1 9 dykes1 compos$ ( qu>tz cry/als & l>ge scales ( :ite mica1 trav]s+ ! old] slates4 ,a simil> occurr5ce takes place at ,m\nt ,%oobridge & at ,bynoe ,h>b\r1 9 ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory ( ,s\? ,au/ralia2 inde$1 "o c\ld n readily sep>ate ! /one f ^! ?ree places if x 7 mix$4 ,z be=e /at$ t9 w nev] be f\nd f> f granite1 & t granite mu/ h :ite mica z "o ( its con/itu5ts4 ,x is seldom f\nd 9 ! d>k] col\r$ rocks1 or 9 lime/one c\ntry1 b x sometimes occurs 9 gneiss1 mica s*i/1 & *lorite s*i/4 ,num]\s o!r m9]als may be mi/ak5 = t91 su* z common t\rmal9e or s*orl1 g>net1 wolfram 7a tung/ate ( iron ) manganese71 rutile or titanic acid1 blackjack or z9c bl5de1 toge!r ) magnetic1 titanic1 & specul> iron 9 f9e gra9s4 ,! readie/ way ( det]m9+ :e!r ! ore is t9 is by weight1 & by scrat*+ or cru%+1 :51 :at is call$ ! 8/reak0 is obta9$4 ,! col\r ( ! t9 /reak is :itey-grey1 :i*1 :5 once kn[n1 is n easily mi/ak54 ,! specific gravity is ab\t #gj4 ,wolfram1 :i* is mo/ l x1 is a little heavi]1 f #gj to #ge1 b its /reak is r$1 br[n1 or blacki%-br[n4 ,rutile is mu* light]1 #db1 & ! /reak light-br[n2 t\rmal9e is only #cb4 ,blackjack is #dc1 & its /reak yell[i%-:ite4 ,i h se5 sev]al p\nds' weight to ! di% got 9 "s ( ! ,new ,s\? ,wales %all[ s9k+ t9-fields1 &1 z a rule1 payable gold 0 also pres5t4 ,tw5ty-?ree ye>s ago ,i told ,we/]n ,au/ralian p t ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,d>l+ range w\ld produce ri* t91 :i* x has done lately2 !re is promise ( a great developm5t ( ! t9 indu/ry "h4 ,! t9 8wa%0 9 "q is report$ to yield payable gold4 ,metals are easily di/+ui%$ f non-metals by _! lu/re1 t\ghness1 fusibility1 opaqu5ess1 conductivity1 & ru/+4 ,mo/ metals c be b5t1 twi/$1 drawn1 & hamm]$ to a degree n possible 9 non-metals4 ,sodium1 potassium1 li?ium1 & 9 a some:at less degree1 calcium1 /rontium1 & b>ium1 w ru/ almo/ imm$iately :5 expos$ to moi/ air1 & _! :ite ru/s quickly dissolve 9 wat]4 ,ano!r gr\p ( metals1 z9c1 lead1 magnesium1 & antimony1 h :ite ru/s :i* are n soluble 9 wat]4 ,_! ru/s =m a ?91 adh]5t coat+1 :i* gives ! surface ( ! metal a dull appe>ance )\t altoge!r conceal+ x4 ,at high] temp]atures ?an ord9>y1 if ! metals are f9ely divid$1 ! *emical en]gy ( ru/+ is s great t ! metals burn ) a vivid light & give (f a d5se :ite smoke4 ,! p]man5cy ( ^! ru/s & _! protective "* are utilis$ 9 :ite pa9ts4 ,a ?ird gr\p ( metals h col\r$ ru/s1 e4g41 silv]1 copp]1 & iron4 ,a f\r? gr\p nev] ru/1 su* z gold & plat9um1 :i* occur z metals 9 ! gangue1 n z ore f :i* ! metal is produc$4 ,9 ! case ( ! o!r metals x is an advantage t !y are f\nd 9 ! ru/ or ore condition1 z !y c be manufactur$ mu* m easily ?an native metal4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,g5esiology ,,( ,,gold--,,aurif]\s ,,lodes ,up to a comp>atively rec5t "t x 0 consid]$ h]etical = any "o to advance ! !ory t gold _h be5 deposit$ :]e f\nd by any o!r ag5cy ?an t ( fire4 ,z late z #ahfj ,mr4 ,h5ry ,rosales conv9c$ himself1 & app>5tly ! ,victorian ,gov]nm5t also1 t qu>tz ve9s ) _! enclos$ metal _h be5 eject$ f ! int]ior ( ! e>? 9 a molt5 /ate4 ,8 essay1 :i* is v +5i\s & clev]ly writt51 obta9$ a prize :i* ! ,gov]nm5t _h (f]$1 b probably ,mr4 ,rosales himself w\ld n adduce ! same argum5ts 9 support ( ! volcanic or igne\s !ory to-day4 ,8 phraseology is v te*nical2 s mu* s t ! ord9>y inquir] w f9d x some:at difficult to foll[ 8 reason+ or und]/& 8 argum5ts1 :i* h app>5tly be5 f\nd$ only on ! occurr5ce ( gold 9 "s ( ! e>li] discov]$ qu>tz lodes1 & ! conclusions at :i* he arriv$ are n borne out by lat] exp]i5ce4 ,he says3--8,:ile1 h[ev]1 !re are no app>5t signs ( me*anical di/urbances1 dur+ ! long p]iod t elaps$ f ! cool+ ( ! e>?'s surface to ! deposition ( ! ,silurian & ,cambrian sy/ems1 x is to be presum$ t ! int]nal igne\s activity ( ! e>?'s cru/ 0 9 full =ce1 s t on ! inn] side ( x1 9 ob$i5ce to ! laws ( specific gravity1 *emical attraction1 & c5trifugal =ce1 a great segregation ( silica 9 a molt5 /ate took place4 ,?is molt5 silica cont9ually accumulat+1 spread+1 & press+ aga9/ ! horizontal ,cambro-,silurian b$s dur+ a long p]iod at l5g? =c$ its way ?r\gh ! sup]9cumb5t /rata 9 all directions2 & x is abundantly evid5t1 "u ! conditions ( ?is =ce & ! resi/ance (f]$ to its action1 t ! l9e x w\ld & mu/ *oose w\ld be along any cont9u\s & slightly incl9$ diagonal1 at times cross+ ! /rata ( ! s*i/s1 ?\gh g5]ally pref]r+ to develop itself & egress betwe5 ! cleavage planes & divid+ seams ( ! diff]5t s*i/ose b$s40 ,he goes on to say1 8,ano!r argum5t to ! same end 7i4e41 ! igne\s orig97 may be %[n f ! fact t ! aurif]\s qu>tz lodes h ex]cis$ a manife/ metamorphic action on ! adjac5t walls or cas+2 !y h done s p>tly 9 a m9]alogical s5se1 b g5]ally !re has be5 a metamorphic alt]ation ( ! rock40 ,mr4 ,rosales !n tells 8 read]s1 :at we all "k mu/ be ! case1 t ! gold w\ld be volatilis$ by ! heat1 z w\ld be also ! o!r metals1 :i* he says1 7 9 ! =m ( ars5iurets & sulphurets2 b he fails to expla9 h[ ! sublimat$ metals aft]w>ds reassum$ _! metallic =m4 ,see+ t1 9 mo/ cases1 !y w\ld be h]metically enclos$ 9 molt5 & quickly solidify+ silica !y c\ld n be act$ on to any great ext5t by aque\s ag5cy4 ,nei!r does ,mr4 ,rosales's !ory acc\nt at all = aurif]\s lodes2 :i* bel[ wat] level are compos$ ( a solid mass ( sulphide ( iron ) traces ( o!r sulphides1 gold1 calcsp>1 & a comp>atively small p]c5tage ( silica4 ,nor w x satisfactorily expla9 ! aurif]\s antimonial silica ve9s ( ! ,new ,engl& di/rict1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 9 :i* quantities ( angul> & unalt]$ fragm5ts ( slate f ! enclos+ rocks are f\nd imb$d$ 9 ! qu>tz4 ,) respect to ! metamorphism ( ! enclos+ rocks to a great] degree ( h>dness1 :i* ,mr4 ,rosales consid]$ 0 due to heat1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ^! rocks 9 _! orig9al /ate 7 mu* s(t] & m readily fusible ?an ! qu>tz1 consequ5tly all w\ld h be5 molt5 & m+l$ toge!r in/ead ( %[+ z a rule cle>ly def9$ walls4 ,x is mu* m rational to suppose t ! increas$ h>dness imp>t$ to ! slates & s*i/s at or ne> _! contact ) ! lode is due to an infiltration ( silica f ! silicat$ solution :i* at "o "t fill$ ! fissure4 ,few sci5ti/s c n[ be f\nd to advance ! purely igne\s !ory ( lode =mation1 ?\gh x mu/ be admitt$ t volcanic action has probably _h mu* influ5ce n only 9 ! =mation ( m9]al ve9s1 b also on ! occurr5ce ( ! m9]als !re94 ,b ! action 0 hydro-!rmal1 j su* z 0 se5 9 c\rse ( op]ation 9 ,new ,zeal& a few ye>s ago :51 9 ! ,rotomahana di/rict1 "o c\ld actually see ! gr[+ ( ! m>vell\s ,:ite & ,p9k ,t]races =m$ by ! release ( silica f ! boil+ wat] exud+ f ! hot spr+s1 :i* wat]1 s soon z ! heat & pressure 7 remov$1 began to deposit its silica v rapidly2 :ile at ! ,?ames ,gold-field1 9 ! same c\ntry hot1 silicat$ wat] cont9u\sly boil$ out ( ! walls ( "s ( ! lodes aft] ! qu>tz _h be5 remov$ & re-deposit$ a silice\s s9t] !reon4 ,on ?is subject ,i note ! rec5tly publi%$ op9ions ( ,pr(essor ,lobley1 a g5tleman ^: sci5tific reputation entitles 8 utt]ances to respect1 b :o1 :5 he cont5ds t gold is n f\nd 9 ! products ( volcanic action is1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 argu+ f insuffici5t premisses4 ,c]ta9ly 8 !ories d n hold good ei!r 9 ,au/ralasia or ,am]ica :]e gold is (t51 nay1 m usually1 f\nd at1 or ne>1 ei!r pres5t or pa/ regions ( volcanic action4 ,x is always gratify+ to h "o's !ories confirm$ by m5 ^: op9ions c>ry weight 9 ! sci5tific _w4 ,ab\t tw5ty-f\r ye>s ago ,i fir/ publi%$ c]ta9 !ories on gold deposition1 :i*1 ev5 !n1 7 held by _m practical m51 & "s sci5ti/s1 to be op5 to "q4 ,( late ye>s1 h[ev]1 ! !ory ( gold occurr5ce by deposition f m9]al salts has be5 accept$ by all b ! 8m9+ exp]ts0 :o infe/ & afflict ! gold m9+ camps ( ! _w4 ,^! op9e t gold ought to occur 9 8pockets0 only 7mean+ !reby _! own74 ,rec5tly ,pr(essor ,joseph ,le ,conte1 at a meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,m9+ ,eng9e]s1 criticis$ a notable essay on ! 8,g5esis ( ,ore ,deposits10 by ,b]gra? ,f4 ,posepny4 ,! ,pr(essor's g5]al conclusions are3 #a4 8,ore deposits1 us+ ! t]m 9 its wide/ s5se1 may take place f any k9ds ( wat]s1 b especially f alkal9e solutions1 = ^! are ! natural solv5ts ( metallic sulphides1 & metallic sulphides are usually ! orig9al =m ( su* deposits40 #b4 8,!y may take place f wat]s at any temp]ature & any pressure1 b ma9ly f ^? at high temp]ature & "u heavy pressure1 because1 on acc\nt ( _! great solv5t p[]1 su* wat]s are heavily freight$ ) metals40 #c4 8,! deposit+ wat]s may be mov+ 9 any direction1 up com+1 horizontally mov+1 or ev5 sometimes d[n-go+1 b ma9ly up-com+2 because by los+ heat & pressure at e /ep su* wat]s are sure to deposit abundantly40 #d4 8,deposits may take place 9 any k9d ( wat]ways--9 op5 fissures1 9 incipi5t fissures1 jo9ts1 cracks1 & ev5 9 por\s s&/one1 b especially 9 great op5 fissures1 because ^! are ! ma9 highways ( asc5d+ wat]s f ! greate/ dep?s40 #e4 8,deposits may be f\nd 9 _m regions & 9 _m k9ds ( rocks1 b ma9ly 9 m\nta9 regions1 & 9 metamorphic & igne\s rocks1 because ! !rmosph]e is ne>] ! surface1 & ready access !reto ?r\gh great fissures is f\nd mo/ly 9 ^! regions & 9 ^! rocks40 ,^! views are 9 accordance ) ne>ly all mod]n rese>* into ?is int]e/+ & fruitful subject4 ,among ! !ories :i* !y discr$it is t ore bodies may usually be assum$ to become ri*] 9 dep?4 ,z appli$ to gold lodes ! tea*+ ( exp]i5ce does n be> out ?is view4 ,if x be tak5 into acc\nt t ! "t 9 :i* mo/ ( our aurif]\s silice\s lodes 7 =m$ 0 probably t indicat$ 9 ,g5esis z be=e ! fir/ day or p]iod :5 8! e>? 0 )\t =m & void1 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep10 x w be realis$ t ! action we behold n[ tak+ place 9 a small way 9 volcanic regions1 0 probably !n almo/ univ]sal4 ,! cru/ ( ! e>? _h cool$ suffici5tly to p]mit wat] to lie on its surface1 probably 9 hot %all[ seas1 l ! late ,lake ,rotomahana4 ,plutonic action w\ld be v g5]al1 & volcanic mud1 a%1 & s& w\ld be eject$ & spread f> & wide1 :i*1 s9k+ to ! bottom ( ! wat]1 may possibly be ! orig9 ( :at we n[ designate ! azoic or metamorphic slates & s*i/s1 z also ! e>ly ,cambrian & ,silurian /rata4 ,^!1 f ! sup]9cumb5t weight & int]nal heat1 became compact$1 &1 9 "s cases1 cry/allis$1 :ile at ! same "t1 f ! +ress ( ! surface wat]s to ! heat$ regions bel[1 probably millions ( geys]s 7 sp\t+ _! m9]al impregnat$ wat]s 9 all directions2 & 9 places :]e ! cru/ 0 ?91 explosions ( sup]-heat$ /eam caus$ huge upheavals1 rifts1 & *asms1 into :i* ^! wat]s return$1 to be aga9 eject$1 or to be ! cause ( fur!r explosions4 ,lat]1 z ! cool+-process cont9u$1 !re w\ld be %r9kages ( ! e>?'s cru/ caus+ o!r fissures2 intrusive granites fur!r dislocat$ & upheav$ ! slates4 ,ab\t ?is age1 probably1 :5 really dry l& began to appe>1 came ! fir/ =mation ( m9]al lodes1 & ! wat]s1 heavily *>g$ ) silicates1 c>bonates ( lime1 sulphides1 c41 9 solution1 comm5c$ to deposit _! cont5ts 9 solid =m :5 ! heat & pressure 7 remov$4 ,i am aw>e t "p ( ! !ory "h prop\nd$ z to ! probable mode ( =mation ( ! imm5se s$im5t>y b$s ( ! ,ar*aic or ,azoic p]iod is n altoge!r or?odox--i4e41 t ! orig9 ( ^! b$s is l>gely due to ! ejection ( mud1 s&1 & a%es f subt]rane\s s\rces1 :i*1 settl+ 9 %all[ seas1 7 aft]w>ds alt]$ to _! pres5t =m4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to believe t at ?is v e>ly p]iod ( geologic hi/ory s va/ a "t _h elaps$ z w\ld be requir$ to acc\nt = ^! enorm\s depositions ( s$im5t1 if !y 7 ! result only ( ! degradation ( previ\sly elevat$ portions ( ! e>?'s surface by wat] ag5cy4 ,glacial action at t "t w\ld be out ( ! "q4 ,b :at ab\t ! metals8 ,:5ce came ! metallic gold ( our reefs & drifts8 ,:at 0 x orig9ally--a metal or a metallic salt1 & if ! latt]1 :at 0 its nature8--*loride1 sulphide1 or silicate1 "o1 or all ?ree8 ,i incl9e to ! latt] hypo!sis4 ,all ?ree are kn[n1 & ! *emical conditions ( ! p]iod 7 fav\rable = _! natural production4 ,assum+ t !y did exi/1 ! task ( acc\nt+ = ! mode ( occurr5ce ( our aurif]\s qu>tz lodes is comp>atively simple4 ,*loride ( gold is at ! pres5t day conta9$ 9 sea wat] & 9 "s m9]al wat]s1 & w\ld h be5 likely to be m abundant dur+ ! ,azoic & e>ly ,paleozoic p]iod4 ,sulphide ( gold w\ld h be5 produc$ by ! action ( sulphurett$ hydrog52 h5ce probably our aurif]\s pyrites lodes1 :ile silicate ( gold might h result$ f a comb9ation ( gold *lorides ) silicic acid1 & ?us ! frequ5t pres5ce ( gold 9 qu>tz be acc\nt$ =4 ,a highly int]e/+ & in/ructive exp]im5t1 %[+ h[ gold might be1 & probably 01 deposit$ 9 qu>tz ve9s1 0 c>ri$ out by ,pr(essor ,bis*( "s ye>s ago4 ,he1 hav+ prep>$ a solution ( *loride ( gold1 add$ !reto a solution ( silicate ( pota%1 :]eupon1 z he /ates1 ! yell[ col\r ( ! *loride disappe>$1 & 9 half an h\r ! fluid turn$ blue1 & a gelat9\s d>k-blue precipitate appe>$ & adh]$ to ! sides ( ! vessel4 ,9 a few days moss-l =ms 7 se5 on ! surface ( ! precipitate1 presumably approximat+ to :at we "k z d5droidal gold--t is1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( moss1 f]n1 or twigs4 ,aft] all[+ ! precipitate to rema9 undi/urb$ "u wat] = a mon? or two a decomposition took place1 & 9 ! aurif]\s silicate specks ( metallic gold appe>$4 ,f ?is ! ,pr(essor argues1 & ) good %[ ( reason1 t z we "k n[ t ! orig9 ( our qu>tz lodes 0 ! silicates conta9$ 9 c]ta9 rocks1 x is probable t a natural silicate ( gold may be comb9$ ) ^! silicates4 ,if ?is c be demon/rat$1 ! reason = ! almo/ univ]sal occurr5ce ( gold 9 qu>tz is made cle>4 ,ab\t #ahgj1 ,mr4 ,skey1 analy/ to ! ,new ,zeal& ,geological ,survey ,dep>tm5t1 made a numb] ( exp]im5ts ( importance 9 respect to ! occurr5ce ( gold4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 summ>is$ by ,sir ,james ,hector 9 an address to ! ,well+ton ,philosophical ,society 9 #ahgb4 ,mr4 ,skey's exp]im5ts disprov$ ! view g5]ally held t gold is unaffect$ by sulphur or sulphurett$ hydrog5 gas1 & %[$ t ^! elem5ts comb9$ ) avidity1 & t ! gold ?us treat$ resi/$ amalgamation ) m]cury4 ,mr4 ,skey prov$ ! act ( absorption ( sulphur by gold to be a *emical act1 & t electricity 0 g5]at$ 9 suffici5t quantity & int5sity dur+ ! process to decompose metallic solutions4 ,sulphur 9 c]ta9 =ms _h long be5 kn[n to ex]cise a prejudicial effect ^u ! amalgamation ( gold1 b ?is _h always be5 attribut$ to ! comb9ation ( ! sulphur ) ! quicksilv] us$4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 x is c]ta9 t ! sulphuris+ ( ! gold mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! p>ticles ( gold 9 ! /one may be envelop$ ) a film ( aurif]\s sulphide1 by :i* !y are protect$ f ! solv5t action ( ! m]cury4 ,! sulphurisation ( ! gold gives no ocul> manife/ation by *ange ( col\r or p]ceptible increase ( weight1 z 9 ! case ( ! =mation ( sulphides ( silv]1 lead & o!r metals1 on acc\nt ( ! extremely sup]ficial action ( ! sulphur1 & h5ce probably ! exi/5ce ( ! gold sulphide escap$ detection by *emi/s4 ,closely alli$ to ?is subject is ! inve/igation ( ! mode 9 :i* c]ta9 metals are r$uc$ f _! solutions by metallic sulphides1 or1 9 common language1 ! influ5ce :i* ! pres5ce ( su* sub/ances z mundic & gal5a may ex]cise 9 effect+ ! deposit ( pure metals1 su* z gold1 9 m9]al lodes4 ,! close relation :i* ! ri*ness ( gold ve9s be>s to ! preval5ce ( pyrites has be5 long famili> bo? to sci5tific obs]v]s & to practical m9]s4 ,! gold is an aft] deposit to ! pyrites1 &1 z ,mr4 ,skey 0 ! fir/ to expla91 due to its direct r$uc+ influ5ces4 ,by a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ,mr4 ,skey prov$ t ! r$uction ( ! metal 0 due to ! direct action ( ! sulphide1 & %[$ t ea* gra9 ( iron pyrites1 :5 ?or\ghly oxidis$1 w r$uce #ab gra9s ( gold f its solutions z *loride4 ,he also includ$ salts ( plat9a & silv] 9 ?is g5]al law1 & demon/rat$ t solutions ( any ( ^! metals trav]s+ a ve9 rock conta9+ c]ta9 sulphides w\ld be decompos$1 & ! pure metal deposit$4 ,we are ?us enabl$ to compreh5d ! con/ant association ( gold1 or native alloys ( gold & silv]1 9 ve9s :i* trav]se rocks conta9+ an abundance ( pyrites1 :e!r !y h be5 =m$ z ! result ( ei!r sub-aque\s volcanic outbur/s or by ! metamorphism ( ! deep]-seat$ /rata :i* compose ! sup]ficial cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,mr4 ,skey also %[$ by v c>efully conduct$ exp]im5ts t ! metallic sulphides are n only bett] conductors ( electricity ?an has hi!rto be5 suppos$1 b t :5 pair$ !y 7 capable ( exhibit+ /rong electro-motive p[]4 ,?us1 if gal5a & z9c bl5de 9 acid solutions be connect$ 9 ! usual mann] by a voltaic pair1 sulphurett$ hydrog5 is evolv$ f ! surface ( ! =m]1 & a curr5t g5]at$ :i* is suffici5t to r$uce gold1 silv] or copp] f _! solutions 9 coh]5t electro-plate films4 ,! attribut+ ( ?is prop]ty ( g5]at+ voltaic curr5ts1 hi!rto suppos$ to be almo/ peculi> to metals1 to ! common sulphides f\nd 9 metallif]\s ve9s1 l$ ,mr4 ,skey to speculate h[ f> ! curr5ts discov]$ to exi/ 9 su* ve9s by ,mr4 ,e4 ,f4 ,fox might be produc$ by ! gradual oxidation ( mix$ sulphides1 & 8 conclusion is t ve9s conta9+ b&s ( diff]5t metallic sulphides1 b\nd$ by cont9u+ walls1 & saturat$ ) m9]al wat]s1 may con/itute "u "s circum/ances a l>ge voltaic batt]y compet5t to produce electro-deposition ( metals1 & t ! ord] ( ! deposit ( ^! m9]al lodes w be f\nd to be> a def9ite relation to ! ord] 9 :i* ! sulphides rank 9 ! table ( _! electro-motive p[]4 ,^! rese>*es may lead to "s cle>] compreh5sion ( ! law :i* regulates ! di/ribution ( aurif]\s ve9s1 & may expla9 :y 9 "s cases ! metal %\ld be ne>ly pure1 :ile 9 o!rs x is s l>gely alloy$ ) silv]4 ,! foll[+ extract 0 lately clipp$ f a m9+ pap]4 ,if true1 ! exp]im5t is int]e/+3-- 8,an ,am]ican sci5ti/ has j conclud$ a v int]e/+ & sugge/ive exp]im5t4 ,he took a cru%$ sample ( ri* ore f ,cripple ,creek1 :i* c>ri$ #a1ajj ozs4 ( gold p] ton1 & dige/$ x 9 a v weak solution ( sodium *loride & sulphate ( iron1 mak+ ! solution correspond z ne> z practicable to ! wat]s f\nd 9 ,nature4 ,! ore 0 kept 9 a place hav+ a temp]ature little less ?an boil+ wat] = six weeks1 :5 all ! gold 0 dissolv$1 except :at w\ld be equal to "o ounce p] ton4 ,a few small cry/als ( pyrite 7 !n plac$ 9 ! bottle ( solution1 & ! gold began imm$iately to precipitate on !m4 ,x 0 noticeable1 h[ev]1 t ! pyrite cry/als :i* 7 free f z9c1 gal5a1 or o!r extrane\s matt] receiv$ no gold precipitate4 ,^? :i* _h su* =eign associations 7 beautifully cov]$ ) f9e gold cry/als40 ,exp]im5t+ 9 a some:at simil> direction ab\t eight ye>s ago1 ,i f\nd t ! ,we/ ,au/ralian m9e wat]1 m5tion$ on page #he1 ) ! addition ( an acid1 0 a solv5t ( gold4 ,! idea ( boil+ x did n occur to me1 z ! action 0 fairly rapid 9 cold wat]4 ,assum+1 !n1 t gold orig9ally exi/$ z a m9]al salt1 :5 & h[ did x take metallic =m8 ,d\btless1 j 9 ! same mann] z we n[ 7by means ( well-kn[n reag5ts :i* are common 9 nature7 precipitate x 9 ! laboratory4 ,) reg>d to t f\nd 9 qu>tz lodes f9ely dissem9at$ ?r\gh ! gangue1 ! *ange 0 br\ght ab\t by ! same ag5cy :i* caus$ ! silicic acid to solidify & take ! =m 9 :i* we n[ see x 9 ! qu>tz ve9s4 ,silica is soluble 9 solutions ( alkal9e c>bonates1 z %[n 9 ,new ,zeal& geys]s2 ! solv5t action be+ increas$ by heat & pressure1 s also w\ld be ! silicate or sulphide ( gold4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! wat]s ) _! cont5ts 7 releas$ f int]nal pressure & began to lose _! heat ! gold w\ld be precipitat$ toge!r ) ! salts ( "s o!r metals1 & w\ld1 :]e ! wat]s c\ld p]colate1 beg9 to accretionise1 ?us =m+ ! heavy or specim5 gold ( "s reefs4 ,on ?is class ( deposition ,i %all h m to say :5 treat+ ( ! orig9 ( alluvial gold 9 ! =m ( nuggets4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,beck]1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 writ+ ( ! geology ( ! ,com/ock lode1 says3--8,b>on ,von ,ri*?(5 0 ( op9ion t fluor9e & *lor9e _h play$ a l>ge "p 9 ! ore deposition 9 ! ,com/ock1 & ?is ! writ] is n dispos$ to d5y2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is pla9 t mo/ ( ! ph5om5a are suffici5tly acc\nt$ = on ! supposition t ! ag5ts h be5 m]ely solutions ( c>bonic & hydrosulphuric acids4 ,^! reag5ts w attack ! bisilicates & felsp>s4 ,! result w\ld be c>bonates & sulphides ( metals1 e>?s1 alkalies1 & free qu>tz1 b qu>tz & sulphides ( ! metals are soluble 9 solutions ( c>bonates & sulphides ( ! e>?s & alkalies1 & ! ess5tial con/itu5ts ( ! ore might1 !re=e1 readily be convey$ to op5+s 9 ! ve9 :]e !y w\ld h be5 deposit$ on relief ( pressure & dim9ution ( temp]ature4 ,an advance bor+ on ! #cjjj ft4 level ( ! ,yell[ ,jacket /ruck a p[]ful /ream ( wat] at #cjfe ft4 79 ! we/ c\ntry71 :i* 0 heavily *>g$ ) hydrog5 sulphide1 & _h a temp]ature ( #agj ,f41 & !re is equal evid5ce ( ! pres5ce ( c>bonic acid 9 ! wat] ( ! l[] levels4 ,a spr+ on ! #bgjj ft4 level ( ! ,yell[ ,jacket :i* %[$ a temp]ature ( ab\t #aej ,f41 0 f\nd to be deposit+ a s9t] l>gely compos$ ( c>bonates40 ,x may be wor? :ile "h to speak ( ! probable reason :y gold1 & inde$1 almo/ all ! metals g5]ally occur 9 *utes 9 ! lodes2 & :y1 z is (t5 ! case1 ^! *utes are f\nd to be m or less 9 a l9e ) ea* o!r 9 p>allel lodes1 & :y also ! junction ( two lodes is frequ5tly specially productive4 ,! !ory ) respect to ^! ph5om5a :i* appe>s mo/ feasible is1 t at ^! po9ts c]ta9 *emical action has tak5 place1 by :i* ! deposition ( ! metals has be5 specially induc$4 ,g5]ally a c>eful exam9ation ( ! enclos+ rocks :]e ! *ute is f\nd w reveal "s po9ts ( diff]5ce f ! enclos+ rocks at o!r p>ts ( ! c\rse ( ! lode1 & :5 ore *utes are f\nd p>allel 9 reefs runn+ on ! same c\rse1 b&s or belts ( simil> c\ntry rock w be f\nd at ! productive po9ts4 ,f ?is we may fairly reason t at ^! po9ts ! sl[ /ream fill+ ! lode cavity met ) a reag5t p]colat+ f ?is p>ticul> b& ( rock1 :i* caus$ ! deposition ( its metals2 &1 inde$1 ,i am /rongly dispos$ to believe t ! deposition ( metals1 p>ticul>ly 9 "s loose lodes1 may ev5 n[ be proce$+4 ,b z 9 ,nature's laboratory ! processes1 if c]ta91 are sl[1 ?is !ory may be difficult to prove4 ,:y ! junction ( lodes is (t5 f\nd to be m ri*ly metallif]\s ?an neighb\r+ p>ts is probably because !re ! deposit+ reag5ts met4 ,?is !ory is well put by ,mr4 ,s4 ,h]b]t ,cox1 late ( ,sydney1 9 8 useful book1 8,m9es & ,m9]als40 ,he says3--8,x is a well-kn[n fact 9 all m9+ di/ricts t ! junctions ( lodes are g5]ally ! ri*e/ po9ts1 always suppos+ t ?is junction takes place 9 #8k9dly c\ntry1' & ! explanation ( ?is we ?9k is simple on ! aque\s !ory ( fill+ ( lodes4 ,! wat] :i* is trav]s+ two diff]5t *annels ( necessity passes ?r\gh diff]5t belts ( c\ntry1 & w ?us h diff]5t m9]als 9 solution4 ,z a case 9 po9t1 let u suppose t ! wat] 9 "o lode conta9$ 9 solution c>bonates ( lime1 & ! alkalies & silica d]iv$ f a decomposition ( felsp>s2 & t ! o!r1 *>g$ ) hydrosulphuric acid1 br\ght ) x sulphide ( gold dissolv$ 9 sulphide ( lime4 ,! result ( ^! two wat]s meet+ w\ld be t c>bonate ( lime w\ld be =m$1 hydrosulphuric acid w\ld be set free1 & sulphide ( gold w\ld be deposit$1 z well z silica1 :i* 0 =m]ly held 9 solution by ! c>bonic acid40 ,mo/ practical m5 :o h giv5 ! subject att5tion w1 ,i ?9k1 be dispos$ to co9cide ) ?is view1 ?\gh !re are "s :o hold t ! occurr5ce ( ^! p>allel ore *utes & ri* deposits at ! junctions ( lodes is due to extrane\s electrical ag5cy4 ,( ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i h fail$ to f9d any satisfactory evid5ce4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 pro( t lodes are actually re-=m+ & ! action obs]v$ is v int]e/+ z %[+ h[ ! /ratification 9 "s lodes has come ab\t4 ,! gr[? ( silica on ! sides ( ! drives has occurr$ 9 "s ( ! m9es on ! ,?ames gold-fields1 ,new ,zeal& 7p4 #cf71 :]e 9 "s cases ! deposition 0 s rapid z to be noticeable f day to day1 :il/ ! big pump1 :i* dra9$ all ! m9es 9 ! vic9ity1 0 actually *ok$ by silice\s deposits4 ,9 old aurif]\s work+s :i* h be5 "u wat] = ye>s1 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w1 =mations ( iron & silica h be5 f\nd on ! walls & ro(1 :ile 9 m9+ tunnels :i* h be5 long unus$ /alactites compos$ ( silica & calcite h =m$4 ,!n1 aga91 exp]im5ts made by ! late ,pr(essor ,cosmo ,newb]y1 9 ,victoria1 %[$ t a di/9ctly appreciable am\nt ( gold1 iron1 & silica 7! latt] 9 granul> =m7 c\ld be extract$ f solid m9e timb]1 :i* _h be5 subm]g$ = a consid]able "t4 ,?is reaction !n mu/ be 9 progress at ! pres5t "t1 & d\btless "u c]ta9 conditions pyrites w\ld ev5tually take ! place ( ! timb]1 z is ! case ) "s ( ! long buri$ driftwood f\nd 9 ,victorian deep leads4 ,aga91 we "k t ! wat] f "s copp] m9es is s *>g$ ) copp] sulphate t if scrap iron be ?r[n into x1 ! iron w be tak5 up by ! sulphuric acid1 & metallic copp] deposit$ 9 its place4 ,all ?is t5ds to prove t ! deposition ( metals f _! salts1 ?\gh probably n n[ z rapid z =m]ly1 is /ill ceaselessly go+ on 9 "s place or ano!r :]e ! necess>y conditions are fav\rable4 ,q unexpect$ly ,i lately came across ^! l9es 9 ,dryd5's ,annus ,mirabilis1 v]se cxxxix43-- 8,z ^? :o unripe ve9s 9 m9es explore1 ,on ! ri* b$ aga9 ! w>m turf lay1 ,till "t dige/s ! yet imp]fect ore1 ,& "k x w be gold ano!r day40 ,is !re 8any new ?+ "u ! sun80 ,) reg>d to aurif]\s pyrit\s lodes1 x does n appe> ev5 n[ to be cle>1 z "s sci5ti/s ass]t1 t _! gold is nev] f\nd 9 *emical comb9ation ) ! sulphides ( ! base metals4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i ?9k mu* ( ! evid5ce po9ts 9 ! o!r direction4 ,i h long be5 ( op9ion t x is really s held 9 _m ( ! f]ro-sulphides & ars5io-f]ro sulphides4 ,on ?is subject ,mr4 ,t4 ,a!rton contribut$ a %ort article 9 #ahia to ! ,au/ralian ,m9+ ,/&>d :i* is wor?y ( notice4 ,he says1 ref]r+ to an occurr5ce ( a ,natural ,sulphide ( ,gold3--8,! exi/5ce ( gold1 9 ! =m ( a natural sulphide 9 conjunction ) pyrites1 has (t5 be5 advanc$ !oretically1 z a possible occurr5ce2 b up to ! pres5t "t has1 ,i believe1 nev] be5 e/abli%$ z an actual fact40 ,dur+ my inve/igations on ! ore ( ! ,deep ,creek m9es1 ,nambucca1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,i f\nd 9 !m :at ,i believe to be gold exi/+ z a natural sulphide4 ,! lode is a l>ge irregul> "o ( pure ars5ical pyrites c>ry+1 9 addition to gold & silv]1 nickel & cobalt4 ,x exi/s 9 a felsite dyke imm$iately on ! coa/4 ,surr\nd+ x on all sides are micace\s s*i/s1 & 9 ! neighb\rhood ab\t half a mile di/ant is a l>ge granite hill ab\t #hjj feet high4 ,9 ! lode & its walls are l>ge quantities ( pyrophyllite1 & 9 "s p>ts ( ! m9e !re are deposits ( pure :ite transluc5t mica1 b 9 ! ore itself x is a yell[ or pale olive gre51 & is nev] abs5t f ! pyrites4 ,f ! fir/ ,i 0 mu* /ruck ) ! exce$+ly f9e /ate ( division 9 :i* ! gold exi/$ 9 ! ore4 ,aft] roa/+ & v c>efully gr9d+ d[n 9 an agate mort>1 ,i h nev] be5 able to get any pieces ( gold exce$+ "o-?\s&? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & ! great] quantity is v mu* f9] ?an ?is4 ,c>eful dissolv+ ( ! pyrites & gangue s z to leave ! gold intact fail$ to f9d x 9 any l>g] diamet]4 ,z ?is 0 a v unusual exp]i5ce 9 inve/igations on _m o!r k9ds ( pyrites1 ,i 0 l$ fur!r into ! matt]4 ,ultimately1 aft] a numb] ( exp]im5ts1 !re 0 no?+ left b to te/ = gold exi/+ z a natural sulphide4 ,tak+ #bjj gr4 ( gold f a sample assay+ #ag oz4 f9e gold p] ton1 gr9d+ x f9ely & heat+ = "s h\rs ) yell[ sodium sulphide--on decompos+ ! filtrate & treat+ = gold ,i got a result at ! rate ( #ab oz4 p] ton4 ,?is 0 repeat$ sev]al times ) ! same result4 ,?is sample came f ! lode at ! #adj ft4 level1 :il/ samples f ! high] levels :]e ! ore is m oxidis$1 al?\gh c>ry+ ! gold 9 exactly ! same degree ( f95ess1 d n give z high a p]c5tage ( auric sulphide4 ,x w\ld appe> t all ! gold 9 ! pyrites 7& ,i h nev] f\nd any gold exi/+ ap>t f ! pyrites7 has orig9ally tak5 its place !re z a sulphide4 ,! foll[+ is an analysis ( a g5]al sample insoluble 9 nitro-sulphuric acid3-- #bjecb p] c5t1 consi/+ ( ,silica #acidj p] c5t4 ,alum9a #feib 0 ,lime #jijc 0 ,sulphur #afehd 0 ,ars5ic #ccbfg 0 ,iron #bggbj 0 ,cobalt #jifd 0 ,nickel ,traces4 7#e oz4 #c dwt4 #h gr4 p] ton7 ,gold -- 7#j oz4 #af dwt4 #j gr4 0 7 ,silv] -- ------- ,total #iiigj 0 ,pr(essor ,newb]y1 :o made _m valuable sugge/ions on ! subject1 says1 speak+ ( gold 9 pyrit\s lodes3-- 8,z x 7! gold salt7 may h be5 9 ! same solution t deposit$ ! pyrites1 :i* probably conta9$ its iron 9 ! =m ( proto-c>bonate ) sulphates1 x 0 n easy at fir/ to imag9e any ord9>y salt ( iron2 b ?is ,i f9d c be accompli%$ ) v dilute solutions 9 ! pres5ce ( an alkal9e c>bonate & a l>ge excess ( c>bonic acid1 bo? ( :i* are common con/itu5ts ( m9]al wat]s1 especially 9 ,victoria4 ,?is is true ( *loride ( gold1 & if ! sulphide is requir$ 9 solution1 x is only necess>y to *>ge ! solution ) an excess ( sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,9 ?is mann] bo? sulphides may be reta9$ 9 ! same solution1 deposit+ gradually ) ! escape ( ! c>bonic acid40 ,pyrit\s lodes usually conta9 a consid]able proportion ( calc>e\s matt]1 mo/ly c>bonates1 & consequ5tly x appe>s n improbable t ! gold may rema9 9 "s in/ances z a sulphide1 p>ticul>ly 9 samples ( pyrites1 9 :i* x _c be detect$ ev5 by ! microscope until by calc9ation ! iron sulphide is *ang$ to an oxide1 :]e9 ! gold may be se5 9 m9ute metallic specks4 ,! :ole subject is full ( int]e/1 & c>eful sci5tific inve/igation may lead to a/oni%+ results4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,g5esiology ,,( ,,gold--,,aurif]\s ,,drifts ,hav+ consid]$ ! orig9 ( aurif]\s lodes1 & ! mode by :i* 9 all probability ! gold 0 convey$ to !m & deposit$ z a metal1 x is necess>y also to inquire into ! d]ivation ( ! gold ( our aurif]\s drifts1 & ! reasons = its occurr5ce !re94 ,:5 q a lad on ! ,victorian alluvial fields1 ,i frequ5tly he>d old digg]s ass]t t gold grew 9 ! drifts :]e f\nd4 ,at ! "t we und]/ood ?is to mean t x grew l potatoes2 &1 al?\gh n prep>$ ) a sci5tific argum5t to prove t su* 0 n s1 ! idea 0 g5]ally laugh$ at4 ,i h liv$ to le>n t ^! old h>d-heads 7 ne>] ! tru? ?an possibly !y cle>ly realis$1 & t gold does actually gr[ or agglom]ate2 &1 inde$1 is probably ev5 n[ ?us gr[+1 ?\gh x is likely t ! *emical & electric action 9 ! m9]al wat]s fl[+ ?r\gh ! drifts is n 9 ?is age ne>ly s active z =m]ly4 ,mo/ boys h tri$ ! exp]im5t ( dipp+ a clean-blad$ knife into sulphate ( copp]1 & s deposit+ on ! /eel a film ( copp]1 :i* adh]es closely until worn away4 ,?is is a simple demon/ration ( a hydro-metallurgical process1 ?\gh probably "y hopeful is n aw>e ( ! fact2 & x is really by an enl>gem5t ( ?is process t our beautiful & arti/ic gold-& silv]-plat$ w>e is produc$4 ,9 ! great laboratory ( ,nature simil> *emical depositions h tak5 place 9 ! pa/1 & may /ill be 9 progress2 inde$1 !re is s\nd sci5tific reason to suppose t 9 c]ta9 localities ?is is ev5 n[ ! case1 & t 9 ?is way mu* ( our s-call$ alluvial gold has be5 =m$1 t is1 by ! deposition on metallic bases ( ! gold held 9 solution4 ,we w1 h[ev]1 take1 to beg9 )1 ! g5]ally accept$ !ory z to ! occurr5ce ( alluvial gold4 ,fir/1 let x be said1 t c]ta9 alluvial gold is unque/ionably d]iv$ f ! d5udation ( qu>tz lodes4 ,su* is ! gold du/ f\nd 9 _m ,asiatic & ,african riv]s1 9 ! great plac] m9es ( ,cali=nia1 z also ! gold du/ ga9$ f ! bea* s& on ! we/ coa/ ( ,new ,zeal&1 or 9 ! enorm\s alluvial drifts ( ! ,%oalhav5 ,valley1 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,( ! fir/1 _m fabul\s tales are told to acc\nt = its be+ f\nd 9 p>ticul> spots ea* summ] aft] ! w9t] floods1 & miracul\s ag5cy 0 ass]t$1 :ile ! e>ly bea*comb]s ( ! ,hokitika di/rict f\nd an equally ridicul\s d]ivation = _! gold1 :i* 0 always m pl5tiful aft] heavy wea!r4 ,!y imag9$ t ! break]s 7 dis9tegrat+ "s abnormally ri* aurif]\s reefs out at sea1 & t ! resultant gold 0 wa%$ up on ! bea*4 ,! facts are simply1 ) reg>d to ! riv]s1 t ! w9t] floods break d[n ! drifts 9 ! banks & agitate ! aurif]\s detritus1 ?us act+ z natural sluices1 & cause ! metal to accumulate 9 fav\rable spots2 :il/ on ! ,new ,zeal& coa/ ! heavy seas break+ on ! %+ly bea*1 c>ry (f ! light] p>ticles1 leav+ beh9d ! gold1 :i* is s mu* heavi]4 ,^! bea*es are compos$1 z also are ! 8t]races0 beh9d1 ( enorm\s glacial & fluvial deposits1 all conta9+ m or less gold1 & ext5d inl& to ! foot ( ! m\nta9s4 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t ! usually f9e gold got by hydraulic+ 9 ,cali=nian caons1 9 ! gullies ( ! ,new ,zeal& ,alps1 & ! great ,new ,s\? ,wales drifts1 is l>gely ! result ( ! attrition ( ! b\ld]s & gravel ( mora9es1 :i* has ?us fre$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! aurif]\s p>ticles4 ,b :5 we f9d l>ge nuggety masses ( high c>at gold 9 ! b$s ( dead riv]s1 ano!r orig9 has to be s\ght4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 !re is fair reason to assume t at lea/ ?ree salts ( gold h exi/$1 &1 possibly1 may /ill be f\nd1 9 ,nature--silicate1 sulphide1 & *loride4 ,all ( ^! are soluble & 9 ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 reag5ts1 also exi/+ naturally1 c be deposit$ 9 metallic =m4 ,!re=e1 if1 z is cont5d$1 reef gold 0 =m$ ) ! reefs f solutions 9 m9]al wat]s1 by inf]5tial reason+ x c be %[n t mu* ( our alluvial gold 0 simil>ly d]iv$4 ,! commonly accept$ !ory1 h[ev]1 is t ! alluvial gold ( our drifts has be5 gr\nd out ( ! solid silice\s lodes by glacial & fluvial action1 & t ! aurif]\s leads h be5 =m$ by ! natural sluic+ op]ations ( =m] /reams4 ,to ?is1 h[ev]1 !re are sev]al insup]able objections4 ,fir/1 h[ comes x t alluvial gold is usually sup]ior 9 purity to ! 8reef0 gold imm$iately adjac5t8 ,second1 :y are masses ( gold1 su* z ! huge nuggets f\nd 9 ,victoria & ,new ,s\? ,wales1 nev] be5 discov]$ 9 lodes8 ,?ird1 :y are ^! heavy masses :i*1 f _! specific gravity1 %\ld be f\nd only at ! v bottom ( ! drifts1 if plac$ !re by wat] action1 sometimes f\nd 9 all positions f ! surface to ! bottom ( ! wa%8 ,&1 la/ly1 :y is x t :5 an alluvial lead is trac$ up to1 or d[n f1 an aurif]\s reef1 t ! light1 angul> gold lies close to ! reef1 :ile ! heavy masses are (t5 b$d$ mu* f>!r away8 ,any "o :o has work$ a gr\nd sluice kn[s h[ extremely difficult x is ) a /rong head ( wat] to %ift f its position an ounce ( solid gold4 ,:at1 !n1 w\ld be ! fluvial =ce requir$ to move ! ,welcome ,nugget8 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ,niag>a itself w\ld n be equal to ! task4 ,! g5]ally smoo? appe>ance ( alleg$ alluvial gold is adduc$ z an argum5t 9 fav\r ( its hav+ be5 c>ri$ by wat] f its orig9al place ( deposit1 & ?us 9 transit become wat]worn2 :ile "s g s f> z to say t x 0 %ot out ( ! reefs 9 a molt5 /ate4 ,! latt] idea has be5 already dispos$ (1 b if n1 x may be dismiss$ ) ! /atem5t t ! heat :i* w\ld melt silica 9 ! masses met ) 9 lodes w\ld sublimate any gold conta9$1 & dissipate x1 n 9 nuggets b 9 fumes4 ,) reg>d to ! assum$ wat]worn appe>ance ( alluvial gold1 ,i h exam9$ ) ! microscope ! smoo? surface ( m ?an "o app>5tly wat]worn nugget1 & f\nd t x 0 n scrat*$ & abrad$1 z w\ld h be5 ! case _h x be5 really wat]worn1 b t x pres5t$ ! same appe>ance1 ?\gh inf9itely f9] 9 gra91 z ! surface ( a piece ( metal fre% f ! electrical plat+-ba?4 ,let u !n try if we _c sugge/1 if n a complete answ] to ! _m p]plex+ problems :i* tr\ble ! alluvial m9]1 at lea/ a !ory t w be> inve/igation1 & by ! application ( :i* _m app>5t p>adoxes may be expla9$4 ,:ile admitt+ t c]ta9 alluvial gold has be5 gr\nd out ( its silice\s matrix1 & di/ribut$ & re-collect$ by wat] action1 we may inquire :at w\ld be ! result if we ext5d ! exp]im5t ( ! boy & knife1 or ! electro-metallurgical ba? to alluvial drifts1 & %[ t x is n only possible1 b almo/ c]ta91 t simil> action has obta9$1 & may n[ be occurr+4 ,mr4 ,da9tree1 ( ! ,victorian ,geological ,survey1 _m ye>s ago discov]$ accid5tally t gold *loride w\ld deposit its metal on a metallic base 9 ! pres5ce ( any organic sub/ance4 ,mr4 ,da9tree f\nd t a piece ( undissolv$ gold 9 a bottle conta9+ *loride ( gold 9 solution _h1 ow+ to a portion ( ! cork hav+ fall5 into ! liquid1 gr[n or accretionis$ s mu* t x c\ld n be extract$ ?r\gh ! neck4 ,?is l$ ,mr4 ,*>les ,wilk9son1 :o has contribut$ mu* to our sci5tific k ( metallurgy1 to exp]im5t fur!r 9 ! same direction4 ,he says3 8,us+ ! mo/ conv5i5t salt ( gold1 ! t]*loride1 & employ+ wood z ! decompos+ ag5t1 9 ord] to imitate z closely z possible ! organic matt] suppos$ to decompose ! solution circulat+ ?r\gh ! drifts1 ,i fir/ imm]s$ a piece ( cubic iron pyrites tak5 f ! coal =mation ( ,cape ,otway1 f> di/ant f any ( our gold rocks1 & !re=e less likely to conta9 gold ?an o!r pyrites4 ,! specim5 7,no4 #a7 0 kept 9 dilute solution = ab\t ?ree weeks1 & is completely cov]$ ) a bright film ( gold4 ,i aft]w>ds fil$ (f ! gold f "o side ( a cube cry/al to %[ ! pyrites itself & ! ?ickness ( ! surr\nd+ coat+1 :i* is ?ick] ?an ord9>y notepap]4 ,if ! conditions _h cont9u$ fav\rable = a v l5g!n$ p]iod1 ?is specim5 w\ld d\btless h =m$ ! nucleus ( a l>ge nugget4 ,iron1 copp]1 & ars5ical pyrites1 antimony1 gal5a1 molybd5ite1 z9c bl5de1 & wolfram 7 treat$ 9 ! above mann] ) simil> results4 ,9 ! above exp]im5ts a small *ip ( wood 0 employ$ z ! decompos+ ag5t4 ,9 "o in/ance ,i us$ a piece ( lea!r4 ,all ?r\gh ! wood & lea!r gold 0 dissem9at$ 9 f9e p>ticles1 & :5 cut ?r\gh ! *>act]i/ic metallic lu/re 0 brightly reflect$4 ,! fir/ six ( ^! sulphides 7 also op]at$ ^u simply 9 ! solution )\t organic matt]1 b !y rema9$ unalt]$40 ,wilk9son f\nd t :5 ! solution ( gold *loride 0 z /rong z1 say1 f\r gra9s to ! ounce ( wat]1 t ! pyrites or o!r base began to decompose1 & ! iron sulphide *ang$ to yell[ oxide1 ! 8gossan0 ( our lodes1 & t ?\gh ! gold 0 deposit$1 ?is occurr$ 9 an irregul> way1 & x 0 coat$ ) a d>k br[n p[d]y film some?+ l ! 8black gold10 (t5 f\nd 9 drifts conta9+ mu* f]rug9\s matt]4 ,su* 7 ! curi\s ,victorian nuggets ,spondulix & ,lo?air4 ,pr(essor ,newb]y also made a numb] ( simil> exp]im5ts1 & arriv$ at l results4 ,he /ates z foll[s3 8,i plac$ a cube ( gal5a 9 a solution ( *loride ( gold1 ) free access ( air1 & put 9 organic matt]2 gold 0 deposit$ z usual1 9 a bright metallic film1 app>5tly completely coat+ ! cube4 ,aft] a few mon?s ! film bur/ along ! edges ( ! cube1 & rema9$ 9 t /ate ) ! cracks op5 )\t any fur!r alt]ation 9 size or =m be+ app>5t4 ,^u remov+ x a few days ago & break+ x op51 ,i f\nd t a l>ge portion ( ! gal5a _h be5 decompos$1 =m+ *loride & sulphate ( lead & free sulphur1 :i* 7 mix$ toge!r1 encas+ a small nucleus ( undecompos$ sulphate ( lead4 ,! =mation ( ^! salts _h ex]t$ suffici5t =ce to bur/ op5 ! gold coat+1 :i* ^u ! outside _h ! mammill>y =m notic$ by ,wilk9son1 :ile ! inside 0 r\gh & irregul> ) cry/als =c+ _! way into ! lead salts4 ,_h ?is action cont9u$ undi/urb$1 ! result w\ld h be5 a nugget ) a nucleus ( lead salts1 or if !re _h be5 a curr5t to remove ! results ( ! decomposition1 a nugget )\t a nucleus ( =eign matt]40 ,b ,newb]y also made ano!r discov]y :i* /ill fur!r e/abli%es ! probability ( ! accretion>y gr[? ( gold 9 drifts4 ,9 ! fir/ exp]im5ts bo? inve/igators us$ organic sub/ances z ! reag5t to cause ! deposit ( gold on its base1 & 9 ea* case ^! sub/ances :e!r wood*ips1 lea!r1 or ev5 dead flies1 7 f\nd to be s absolutely impregnat$ ) gold z to leave a gold5 skeleton :5 aft]w>ds burn$4 ,timb] f\nd 9 ! ,ball>at deep leads has be5 prov$ to be simil>ly impregnat$4 ,newb]y f\nd t gold c\ld also be deposit$ on sulphurets )\t any o!r reag5t4 ,he says3 8,9 our m9]al sulphurets1 h[ev]1 we h ag5ts :i* are n only capable ( r$uc+ gold & silv] f solution1 b besides are capable ( locat+ !m :5 s r$uc$ 9 coh]5t & bulky masses4 ,?us ! aggregation ( ! nuggety =ms ( gold f solution becomes a /ill m simple matt]1 only "o reag5t be+ necess>y1 s t !re is a great] probability ( su* depositions obta9+ ?an 7 a d\ble process necess>y4 ,kn[+ ! action ( sulphides1 ! mann] or ! mode ( =mation ( a portion at lea/ ( ^! nuggets seems app>5t4 ,conceive a /ream or riv] f$ by spr+s ris+ 9 a c\ntry int]sect$ by aurif]\s reefs1 & consequ5tly 9 ?is case c>ry+ gold 9 solution2 ! drift ( su* a c\ntry mu/ be to a great] or less] ext5t pyrit\s1 s t ! dbris =m+ ! b$s ( ^! /reams or riv]s w c]ta9ly conta9 nodules ( su* matt]s dissem9at$ or ev5 /opp+ !m 9 actual contact ) ! fl[ ( wat]4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 f :at has be5 previ\sly affirm$1 t !re w be a r$uction ( gold by ^! nodules1 & t ! metal ?us r$uc$ w be firmly atta*$ to !m1 at fir/ 9 m9ute spangles isolat$ f ea* o!r1 b aft]w>ds accumulat+ & connect+ 9 a gradual mann] at t po9t ( ! pyrit\s mass mo/ subject to ! curr5t until a cont9u\s film ( "s size appe>s4 ,?is be+ =m$ ! pyrites & gold are to a c]ta9 ext5t pol>is$1 ! film or irregul> b connect$ mass ( gold =m+ ! negative1 & ! pyrites ! positive end ( a voltaic pair2 & s accord+ z ! pol>isation is advanc$ to completion ! fur!r deposition ( gold is *ang$ 9 its mann] f an indiscrim9ate to an ord]ly & selective deposition conc5trat$ ^u ! negative or gold plate4 ,! deposition ( gold be+ ?us controll$1 its loss by disp]sion or f ! crumbl+ away ( ! su/a9+ pyrites is ne>ly or q prev5t$1 a cons]vative effect :i* we c\ld sc>cely expect to obta9 if organic matt] 7 ! r$uc+ ag5t4 ,mean:ile !re is a gradual wa/+ away ( ! pyrites or positive pole1 its sulphur be+ oxidis$ to sulphuric acid & its iron to sesquioxide ( iron1 or hematite1 a sub/ance v g5]ally associat$ ) gold nuggets4 ,accord+ to ! orig9al size ( ! pyrit\s mass1 ! protection x receives f ! action ( oxidis+ sub/ances o!r ?an gold1 ! /r5g? ( ! gold solution1 l5g? ( exposure to x1 ! rate ( supply & velocity ( /ream1 w be ! size ( ! gold nugget4 ,z to ! size ( a pyrit\s mass necess>y to produce 9 ?is mann] a l>ge nugget1 x is by no means consid]able4 ,a mass ( common pyrites 7bisulphide ( iron7 weigh+ only #ab lbs4 is compet5t = ! con/ruction ( ! fam\s #8,welcome ,nugget1' an ,au/ralian f9d hav+ weight equal to #aeb lbs4 avoirdupois4 ,su* masses ( pyrites are by no means uncommon 9 our drifts or ! b$s ( our m\nta9 /reams4 ,?us we f9d t no /ra9+ ( ! imag9ation is requir$ to conceive ( ?is mode ( =mation = ! huge masses ( gold f\nd 9 ,au/ralia 9 p>ticul>1 su* z ! ,welcome ,nugget1 #ahd lbs4 #i oz42 ! ,welcome ,/rang]1 a surface nugget1 #aij lbs4 aft] smelt+2 ! ,braidwood specim5 nugget1 #cej lbs41 two-?irds gold2 besides _m o!r l>ge masses ( almo/ virg9 gold :i* h be5 obta9$ f "t to "t 9 ! alluvial digg+s40 ,! au?or has made a numb] ( exp]im5ts 9 ! same direction1 b m ) ! idea ( demon/rat+ h[ possibly gold may 9 c]ta9 cases h be5 deposit$ 9 silice\s =mations aft] su* =mations _h solidifi$4 ,"s ( ! results 7 rem>kable & inde$ unexpect$4 ,i f\nd t ,i c\ld produce artificial specim5s ( aurif]\s qu>tz f /one :i* _h previ\sly conta9$ no gold :atev]1 also t x 0 n absolutely necess>y t ! /one s treat$ %\ld conta9 any metallic sulphides4 ,! foll[+ 0 contribut$ by ! au?or & is f ! 8,transactions0 ( ! ,au/ralasian ,in/itute ( ,m9+ ,eng9e]s = #ahic3-- 8,,! ,,deposition ,,( ,,gold4 8,! "q z to h[ gold 0 orig9ally deposit$ 9 our aurif]\s lodes is "o to :i* a l>ge am\nt ( att5tion has be5 giv51 bo? by m9]alogi/s & practical m9]s1 & :i* has be5 hotly argu$ by ^? :o held ! igne\s !ory & ^? :o pron\nc$ = ! aque\s !ory4 ,x 0 held by ! =m] t z gold 0 n probably exi/5t 9 nature 9 any b its metallic =m1 !re=e x _h be5 deposit$ 9 its silice\s matrix :ile 9 a molt5 /ate1 & _m +5i\s argum5ts 7 adduc$ 9 support ( ?is cont5tion4 ,( late1 h[ev]1 mo/ sci5tific m51 & inde$ _m purely empirical inquir]s 7us+ ! ^w empirical 9 its /rict s5se7 h come to ! conclusion t ?\gh ! mode 9 :i* !y 7 compos$ 0 n always id5tical1 all lodes1 includ+ aurif]\s =mations1 7 prim>ily d]iv$ f m9]al-impregnat$ wat]s :i* deposit$ _! cont5ts 9 fissures caus$ ei!r by ! cool+ ( ! e>?'s cru/ or by volcanic ag5cy4 8,! subject is "o :i* has long _h a special attraction = ! writ]1 :o has publi%$ sev]al articles !reon1 :]e9 x 0 cont5d$ t n only 0 gold deposit$ 9 ! lodes f aque\s solution1 b t "s gold f\nd 9 =m ( nuggets _h n be5 d]iv$ f lodes b 0 nasc5t 9 its alluvial b$2 & = ?is pro( 0 af=d$ by ! fact t c]ta9 nuggets h be5 une>!d hav+ ! %ape ( an adjac5t pebble or angul> fragm5t ( /one ind5t$ 9 !m4 ,moreov]1 no true nugget ( any great size has ev] be5 f\nd 9 a lode su* z ! ,welcome1 #baei oz41 or ! ,welcome ,/rang]1 #bbhj oz42 :ile x 0 accid5tally discov]$ "s ye>s ago t gold c\ld be induc$ to deposit itself f its m9]al salt to ! metallic /ate on any suitable base1 su* z iron sulphide4 8,foll[+ out ?is fact1 ,i h exp]im5t$ ) v>i\s salts ( gold1 & h obta9$ "s v rem>kable results4 ,i h f\nd x practicable to produce mo/ natural look+ specim5s ( aurif]\s qu>tz f /one :i* previ\sly1 z prov$ by assay1 conta9$ no gold :atev]4 ,moreov]1 ! gold1 :i* p5etrates ! /one 9 a ?or\gh mann]1 assumes "s ( ! m natural =ms4 ,x is always m or less mammill>y1 b at times1 ow+ to causes :i* ,i h n yet q satisfi$ myself ^u1 is decid$ly d5droidal1 z may be se5 9 "o ( ! specim5s :i* ,i h submitt$ to memb]s4 ,moreov]1 ,i f9d x possible to mod]ate ! col\r & to produce a specim5 9 :i* ! gold %all be z ruddy yell[ z 9 ! f]ro-oxide gangue ( ,m\nt ,morgan1 or to tone x to ! pale primrose hue ( ! product ( ! ,croydon m9es4 8,i note t ! action ( ! ba? 9 :i* ! /one is treat$ has a p>ticul>ly dis9tegrat+ effect on _m ( ! specim5s4 ,"s1 :i* be=e imm]sion 7 ( a p>ticul>ly fl9ty texture1 became 9 a few weeks s friable t !y c\ld be brok5 up by ! f+]s4 ,s f> z my exp]im5ts h ext5d$ !y h prov$ ?is1 t x 0 n ess5tial t ! silica & gold %\ld h be5 deposit$ at ! "o "t 9 aurif]\s lodes4 ,a non-aurif]\s silice\s solution may h fill$ a fissure1 &1 aft] solidify+1 "s volcanic di/urbance may h =c$ wat] impregnat$ ) a gold salt ?r\gh ! int]/ices ( ! lode =mation1 :51 if ! conditions 7 fav\rable1 ! gold w\ld be deposit$ 9 metallic =ms4 ,i pref]1 = reasons :i* w probably be und]/ood1 n to say exactly by :at process my results are obta9$1 b submit specim5s = exam9ation4 87#a7 ,piece ( previ\sly non-gold be>+ /one4 ,locality ne> ,adelaide1 n[ %[+ gold freely 9 mammill>y & d5droidal =m4 87#b7 ,/one f ,new ,s\? ,wales1 %[+ gold artificially introduc$ 9 int]/ices & on face4 87#c7 ,/one f ,we/ ,au/ralia1 v glassy look+1 n[ ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) gold2 ! mammill>y =mation be+ p>ticul>ly noticeable4 87#d7 ,some:at lam9at$ qu>tz f ,victoria1 conta9+ a little antimony sulphide4 ,9 ?is specim5 ! gold n only %[s on ! surface b p5etrates ea* ( ! lam9ations1 z is prov$ by break+4 87#e7 ,consi/s ( fragm5ts ( cry/allis$ c>bonate ( lime f ,t>raw+ee1 9 :i* ! gold is deposit$ 9 spots1 9 appe>ance l f]r\s oxide1 until submitt$ to ! magnify+ glass4 8,! :ole subject is wor?y ( mu* m "t ?an ,i c possibly give x4 ,! importance lies 9 ?is3 ,t hav+ f\nd h[ ! mu* desir$ metal may h be5 deposit$ 9 its matrix1 ! k %\ld help to sugge/ h[ x may be economically extract$ !refrom40 ,a v rem>kable nugget weigh+ #af oz4 0 sluic$ f ne> ! surface 9 "o ( my own m9+ prop]ties at ,woodside1 ,s\? ,au/ralia1 "s ye>s ago1 :i* illu/rat$ ! nucle> !ory v beautifully4 ,?is nugget is v irregul> 9 %ape1 frett$ & *as$ z ?\gh ) a jewell]'s grav+ tool1 %[+ pla9ly ! %ape ( ! pyrit\s cry/als on :i* x 0 =m$ :ile ! int]/ices 7 fill$ ) r$ hematite iron j z f\nd 9 artificially =m$ nuggets on a sulphide ( iron base4 ,! au?or has a nugget f ! same locality weigh+ ab\t #a oz4 :i* exhibits 9 a m>k$ degree ! same *>act]i/ics1 z inde$ does mo/ ( ! alluvial gold f\nd 9 ! ,m\nt ,l(ty ,ranges2 also a nugget f ne> ! c5tre ( ,au/ralia weigh+ f\r ounces1 9 :i* ! orig9al cry/als ( pyrites are reproduc$ 9 gold j z an iron horse-%oe1 plac$ 9 a laund] ?r\gh :i* cuprif]\sly impregnat$ wat] fl[s1 w 9 "t be *ang$ to ne>ly pure copp] & yet reta9 its %ape4 ,n[ ) reg>d to ! po9ts ,i h put 7p4 #cf7 z to ! app>5t anomalies ( occurr5ce ( alluvial gold4 ,! explanation = alluvial gold be+ ( f9] quality z a rule ?an reef is probably t :ile gold & silv]1 :i* h a consid]able aff9ity = ea* o!r1 7 presumably dissolv$ f _! salts & held 9 solution 9 ! same m9]al wat]1 !y w\ld 9 _m cases n be deposit$ toge!r1 = ! reason t silv] is mo/ readily deposit$ 9 ! pres5ce ( alkalies1 :i* w\ld be f\nd 9 excess 9 m9]al wat]s com+ direct f ! basic rocks1 :ile gold is induc$ to precipitate m quickly 9 acid solutions1 :i* w\ld be ! "* ( ! wat]s aft] !y _h be5 expos$ to atmosph]ic action & to contact ) organic matt]s4 ,?is1 !n1 may expla9 n only ! comp>atively great] purity ( ! alluvial gold1 b also :y big nuggets are f\nd s f> f aurif]\s reefs1 & also :y heavy masses ( gold h be5 frequ5tly une>!d f among ! roots ev5 ( liv+ trees1 b m p>ticul>ly 9 drifts conta9+ organic matt]1 su* z anci5t timb]4 ,all1 !n1 t has be5 adduc$ goes to e/abli% ! belief t ! bir?place ( our gold is 9 c]ta9 ( ! e>li] rocks compris+ ! e>?'s cru/1 & t its appe>ance z ! metal t is valu$ s highly is ! result ( electro-*emical action1 su* z we c demon/rate 9 ! laboratory4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,gold ,,extraction ,we n[ come to a highly important "p ( our subject1 ! practical treatm5t ( ores & matrixes = ! extraction ( ! metals conta9$4 ,! me?ods employ$ are multitud9\s1 b may be divid$ into f\r classes1 namely1 wa%+1 amalgamat+ ) m]cury1 *lor9at+1 cyanid+ & o!r lea*+ processes1 & smelt+4 ,! fir/ is us$ 9 alluvial gold & t9 work+s & 9 prep>+ "s silv]1 copp]1 & o!r ores = smelt+1 & consi/s m]ely 9 sep>at+ ! heavi] metals & m9]als f _! gangues by _! great] specific gravity 9 wat]4 ,! second includes ! trituration ( ! gangue & ! extraction ( its gold or silv] by means ( m]cury4 ,*lor9at+ & lea*+ g5]ally is a process :]eby metals are fir/ *ang$ by *emical action into _! m9]al salts1 z *loride ( gold1 nitrate ( silv]1 sulphate ( copp]1 & be+ dissolv$ 9 wat] are aft]w>ds re-deposit$ 9 ! metallic =m by means ( well-kn[n reag5ts4 ,9 really successful m9+ x is 9 ! la/ degree important t ! mode ( extraction ( metals 9 ! mo/ sci5tific mann] %\ld be ?or\ghly und]/ood1 b z a g5]al rule ! sci5ce ( metallurgy is b v sup]ficially grasp$ ev5 by ^? ^: special bus9ess x is to treat ore bodies 9 ord] to extract _! metallif]\s cont5ts1 & :e!r 9 qu>tz cru%+ mill1 lixiviat+1 or smelt+ works !re is mu* left to be desir$ 9 ! me?od ( treat+ our ores4 ,my att5tion 0 rec5tly attract$ to an article writt5 by ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,h4 ,rauft1 ,m4,e41 f :i* ,i make ! foll[+ extract3 ,he says1 speak+ ( ! ,g]man treatm5t ( ores & ! mode ( proc$ure 9 ,au/ralia1 8,x is high "t t ,gov]nm5t /epp$ 9 & endeav\r$ by prompt & decisive action to br+ ! m9+ indu/ry ^u a s\nd & legitimate basis4 ,?\gh our ranges ab\nd 9 all k9ds ( m9]als t might give employm5t to hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p1 m9+ is c>ri$ on 9 a desultory1 haphaz>d fa%ion4 ,!re is no sy/em1 & ! treatm5t ( ores is ( necessity h&$ ov] to ! t5d] m]cies ( m5 :o h n ev5 an idea ( :at an intricate sci5ce metallurgy has become 9 old] c\ntries4 ,dur+ _m ye>s ( practical exp]i5ce ,i h nev] kn[n a s+le in/ance :]e a lode1 on be+ work$1 gave a return accord+ to assay1 & ,i h nev] kn[n any m9e :]e "s ( ! preci\s metals c\ld n be f\nd 9 ! tail+s or slag4 ,! ,g]mans employ hundr$s ( m5 9 work+ = z9c :i* produces "s two or ?ree p] c5t4 to ! ton2 "h ! same p]c5tage ( t9 c\ld h>dly be made payable1 & ?is1 m>k y1 is ow+ n to *eap] lab\r alone1 b *iefly to ! lab\r-sav+ appliances & ! results ( ! rese>*es ( su* gigantic intellects z ,pr(essor ,k]l & _m o!rs1 ( :om we 9 ?is c\ntry nev] ev5 he>4 ,g into any ( ! great m9+ works ( c5tral ,g]many1 & y may see acres cov]$ by ma*9]y +5i\sly con/ruct$ to clean1 break1 & sort1 & ultimately deliv] ! ores into trucks or direct into ! furnace1 & ! :ole "u ! sup]vision ( a y\ng/] or two4 ,:5 a p>cel ( ore arrives at any ( ! works1 say ,freib]g or ,clau/hal1 x is c>efully assay$ by ?ree or f\r diff]5t p]sons & !n h&$ ov] to practical exp]ts1 :o are expect$ to produce ! full am\nt ( preci\s metal accord+ to assay2 & if by any *ance !y d n1 a fix$ p]c5tage ( ! loss is d$uct$ f _! sal>y2 or1 if ! result is 9 excess ( ?is assay :i* is m frequ5tly ! case1 a small bonus is add$ to _! pay4 ,comp>e ?is sy/em ) our own wa/eful1 reckless me?od ( deal+ ) our preci\s metals1 & we may hide our heads 9 v %ame40 ,all really practical m5 w1 ,i ?9k1 endorse ,mr4 ,rauft's op9ion4 ,well organis$ & conduct$ s*ools ( m9es w gradually ameliorate ?is unsatisfactory /ate ( ?+s1 & ,i hope be=e long t we %all h none b qualifi$ c]tificat$ m5 9 our m9es4 ,9 ! meantime a few practical h9ts1 p>ticul>ly on t v difficult bran* ( ! subject1 ! sav+ ( gold1 w1 x is hop$1 be f\nd ( s]vice4 ,! extraction ( gold f ! soil is an indu/ry s old t its fir/ introduction is lo/ 9 ! mi/ ( ages4 ,z be=e /at$1 gold is "o ( ! mo/ widely dissem9at$ ( ! metals1 & man1 s soon z he _h ris5 f ! l[e/ =ms ( savag]y1 began to be attract$ by ! k+ly metal1 :i* he f\nd to be easily fa%ion$ into articles ( ornam5t & use1 & to be practically non-corrodable4 ,:at we n[ t]m ! di% or pan1 !n1 d\btless g5]ally a wood5 b[l1 0 ! appliance fir/ us$2 b !y _h also an arrangem5t1 some:at l our mod]n blanket tables1 ov] :i* ! aurif]\s s& 0 pass$ by means ( a /ream ( wat]4 ,! s&s ( "s ( ! riv]s f :i* portions ( ! gold supply ( ! old _w 0 d]iv$ are /ill wa%$ ov] ye> aft] ye> 9 exactly ! same mann] z 0 employ$1 probably1 ?\s&s ( ye>s ago1 ! lab\r1 v ardu\s1 be+ (t5 c>ri$ on by wom51 :o1 /&+ knee deep 9 wat]1 pan (f ! s& 9 wood5 b[ls mu* z ! digg] 9 mod]n alluvial fields does ) 8 t9 di%4 ,! result+ gold (t5 consi/s ( b a gra9 or two ( f9e gold-du/1 :i* is c>efully collect$ 9 quills1 & s export$ or trad$ = goods4 ,! digg] ( to-day hav+ discov]$ payable alluvial dirt at su* a dep? z to p]mit ( its be+ pr(itably work$ by small p>ties ( m5 ) limit$ or no capital1 procures fir/ a half hog%ead = a puddl+ tub1 a 8cradle10 or 8long tom10 & t9 di%4 ,! 8wa% dirt10 z ! aurif]\s drift is usually t]m$1 conta9s a consid]able admixture ( clay ( a m or less t5aci\s "*1 & ! bulk ( ?is has to be puddl$ & s dis9tegrat$ be=e ! actual sep>ation ( ! gold is attempt$ 9 ! cradle or di%4 ,?is is done 9 ! tub by con/antly /irr+ ) a %ovel1 & *ang+ ! wat] z x becomes *>g$ ) ! float+ argillace\s1 or clayey1 p>ticles4 ,! gravel is !n plac$ 9 ! hopp] ( ! cradle :i* sep>ates ! l>g] /ones & pebbles1 ! rema9d] pass+ d[n ov] incl9$ l$ges z ! cradle is sl[ly rock$ & suppli$ ) wat]4 ,at ! bottom ( ea* l$ge is a riffle to arre/ ! p>ticles ( gold4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! gold is v f9e1 amalgamat$ copp] plates are introduc$ & ! l[] l$ges are cov]$ ) gre5 baize to act z blanket tables & cat* gold :i* might o!rwise be lo/4 ,a long tom 7,fig4 #h7 is a tr\gh "s #ab feet 9 l5g? by #bj in*es 9 wid? at ! upp] end1 wid5+ to #cj in*es at ! l[] end2 x is ab\t #i in*es deep & has a fall ( #a in* to a foot4 ,an iron scre5 is plac$ at ! l[] end 7cut (f 9 ! mann] %[n 9 diagram7 :]e l>ge /ones are caught1 & bel[ ?is scre5 is ! riffle box1 #ab feet long1 #c feet wide1 & hav+ ! same incl9ation z ! upp] tr\gh4 ,x is fitt$ ) sev]al riffles 9 :i* m]cury is sometimes plac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,long ,,tom4 ,mu* m "w c be done ) ?is appliance ?an ) ! cradle1 :i* x sup]s$$4 ,( c\rse1 ! gold mu/ be co>se & wat] pl5tiful4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! claim is pay+1 & ! digg+s %[ signs ( "s p]man5cy1 a puddl+ ma*9e is con/ruct$4 ,?is is describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xii41 call$ 8,rules ( ,?umb40 ,hydraulic+ & gr\nd sluic+ is a v *eap & effective me?od ( treat+ l>ge quantities ( aurif]\s drift1 &1 giv5 fav\rable circum/ances1 su* z a pl5tiful supply ( wat] ) good fall & ext5sive loose aurif]\s deposits1 a v few gra9s to ! ton or load c be made to give payable returns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,,flume1 ,,great ,,s\!rn ,,gold-,,field1 ,,%oalhav51 ,n4,s4,w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,monitor ,,at ,,"w1 ,,great ,,s\!rn ,,gold-,,field4 ,! wat] is convey$ 9 flumes 7,fig4 #i71 or pipes to a po9t ne> :]e x is requir$1 !nce 9 wr\ght iron pipes gradually r$uc$ 9 size & end+ 9 a great nozzle some:at l t ( a fireman's hose4 ,! 8,monitor10 z x is sometimes call$1 is g5]ally fix$ on a movable /&1 s arrang$ t ! /rong jet ( wat] c be direct$ to any po9t by a simple adju/m5t 7,fig4 #aj74 ,a 8face0 is =m$ 9 ! drift1 & ! wat] play$ aga9/ ! l[] portion ( ! l$ge1 :i* is quickly und]m9$1 falls1 & is soon wa%$ away 9 ! /ream ( wat]1 :i* is conduct$ ?r\gh sluices ) riffles1 & sometimes ov] consid]able l5g?s ( amalgamat$ copp] plates4 ,?is class ( m9+ has be5 mo/ ext5sively c>ri$ out 9 ,cali=nia & ,new ,zeal&1 & "s di/ricts ( ,victoria1 b ! truly enorm\s drifts ( ! ,%oalhav5 di/rict 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales mu/ 9 ! ne> future add l>gely to ! _w's gold supply4 ,^! drifts are aurif]\s f grass roots to b$ rock1 ext5d = ne>ly fifty miles1 & are 9 places z mu* z #cjj feet deep4 ,want ( capital & want ( k has hi!rto prev5t$ !m be+ pr(itably work$ on a l>ge scale4 ,! extraction ( reef gold f its matrix is a mu* m complicat$ process1 & ! problem h[ mo/ effectively to obta9 t great desid]atum--a complete sep>at+ & sav+ op]ation--is "o :i* taxes ! skill & evokes ! +5uity ( sci5tific m5 all ov] ! _w4 ,! difficulty is t z sc>cely any two gangues1 or matrixes1 are exactly alike1 ! treatm5t :i* is f\nd mo/ effective on "o m9e w (t5 n answ] 9 ano!r4 ,mu* also dep5ds on ! proportion ( gold to ! ton ( rock "u treatm5t1 z ! mo/ sci5tific & p]fect processes ( lixiviation hi!rto adopt$ w n pay1 ev5 :5 all o!r conditions are fav\rable1 if ! am\nt ( gold is mu* "u half an ounce to ! ton & ev5 !n w leave b a v small pr(it4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! gold is 8free10 & ! lode l>ge1 a v few p5nyweights 7or 8doll>s10 z ! ,am]icans say7 to ! ton w pay h&somely4 ,! mode ( extraction longe/ 9 vogue1 & aft] all ! *eape/ & mo/ effective1 = free mill+ ores :]e ! gold is n too f9e1 is amalgamation ) m]cury1 :i* metal has a /rong aff9ity = gold1 silv]1 & copp]4 ,z to cru%+ appliances1 ,i %all n say mu*4 8,_! "n is legion = !y are _m10 & ! same may be said ( conc5trators4 ,x may be old-fa%ion$1 b ,i admit my pr$ilection is /ill 9 fav\r ( ! /amp]-batt]y1 = ! reason t ?\gh x may be sl[] 9 proportion to ! p[] employ$1 x is simple & n liable to get out ( ord]1 a great advantage :5 "o has s (t5 to dep5d on m5 :o br+ to _! "w a supply pr9cipally ( ma9 /r5g? & /upidity4 ,= ! same reason ,i pref] ! old draw & lift1 & plung] pumps to new] b m complicat$ wat]-lift]s4 ,on bo? ^! po9ts1 h[ev]1 ,i am con/ra9$ to admit t my op9ion has rec5tly be5 some:at %ak54 ,i h lately se5 two appliances :i* appe> to m>k a new era 9 ! sci5tific progress ( m9+4 ,"o is ! 8,griff9 ,mill10 ! o!r ! 8,lemi*el ,siphon lvateur40 ,! fir/ is 9 "s respects on ! pr9ciple ( ! ,hunt+don ,mill4 ,! latt]1 if ! inv5tor is to be believ$1 & ! results seem to %[ he may1 w be a wond]ful factor 9 develop+ n only m9+ prop]ties :]e a prepond]ance ( wat] is ! tr\ble1 b also 9 provid+ an automatic1 & !re=e extremely *eap1 mode ( wat]-rais+ & supply1 :i* 9 simplicity is ?us f> unexampl$4 ,atmosph]ic pressure alone is reli$ on4 ,! well-kn[n process ( ! syphon is ! basis1 b ) ?is ess5tial diff]5ce1 t a l>ge proportion ( ! wat] drawn up to ! apex ( ! syphon is sup]-elevat$ to heights regulat$ by ! fall obta9$ 9 ! outlet leg4 ,?is elevation c be repeat$ almo/ indef9itely by return+ ! wa/e wat] to ! res]voirs4 ,! ,lemi*el ,syphon 7,fig4 #aa7 is a wond]ful1 yet mo/ simple application ( natural =ce4 ,! inlet leg ( ! syphon is l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! outlet leg1 & is provid$ at ! bottom ) a valve or 8clack40 ,! outlet leg has a tap at its base4 ,at ! apex are two *amb]s1 ) an int]m$i>y valve1 regulat$ by a c\nt]poise weight$ lev]4 ,! fir/ *amb] has also a v]tical valve & pipe4 ,:5 ! tap ( ! outlet leg is turn$1 ! wat] fl[s z 9 an ord9>y syphon1 b ow+ to ! rapid automatic op5+ & %utt+ ( ! valve 9 ! fir/ *amb] ab\t #de p] c5t4 ( ! wat] is div]t$1 & may be rais$ to a height ( _m feet above ! top ( ! syphon4 ,x ne$ n be impress$ on practical m5 t if ?is inv5tion w p]=m any?+ l :at is claim$ = x1 its value c h>dly be calculat$4 ,aft] a c>eful inspection ( ! appliance 9 op]ation1 ,i believe x w d all t is /at$4 ,ano!r inv5tion is comb9$ ) ?is :i*1 by a v small exp5diture ( fuel1 w enable ! fir/ po9t ( atmosph]ic pressure to be atta9$4 ,9 ?is way ! unwat]+ ( m9es may be v inexp5sively effect$1 or wat] = irrigation purposes may be rais$ f an almo/ level /ream 7,fig4 #aa74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 8,,lemi*el0 ,,syphon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 8,,griff90 ,,mill4 ,! ,griff9 ,mill is a c5trifugal motion cru%] ) "o roll] only1 :i*1 by an +5i\s application ( motive =ce1 revolves 9 an opposite direction to its initial mom5tum1 & :i* evolves a =ce ( #fjjj lb4 aga9/ ! tire1 :i* is only #cj in*es 9 diamet]4 ,= h>d qu>tz ! size %\ld be increas$ by at lea/ #f in*es4 ,x is claim$ = ?is mill t x w pulv]ise to a gauge ( #ijj holes to ! squ>e in* f #a to #b tons p] h\r1 or1 say r\ghly1 #aej tons p] week4 ,! ,hunt+don mill 7,fig4 #ac7 is a good cru%] & amalgamator :]e ! mat]ial to be op]at$ on is comp>atively s(t1 b does n d su* good "w :5 ! /one is ( a h>d fl9ty nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,hunt+don ,,mill4 ,a ,no4 #d ,dodge /one-break] work+ ab\t #h h\rs w keep a five foot ,hunt+don ,mill go+ #bd h\rs1 & an automatic fe$] is necess>y4 ,= t matt] bo? are almo/ ess5tial = an ord9>y /amp] batt]y1 & w c]ta9ly increase ! cru%+ capacity & d bett] "w f ! great] regul>ity ( ! fe$4 ,a #aj h4-p4 7nom9al7 eng9e ( good type is suffici5t = ,hunt+don mill1 rock break]1 self-fe$] & /eam pump4 ,a five foot mill "u fav\rable circum/ances w cru% ab\t z mu* z eight head ( m$ium weight /amps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,/one-,,break]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,/one-,,break] 7,,sectional ,,view74 ,! ,grusonw]k ,ball ,mills 7,fig4 #af71 made by ,krupp ( ,g]many1 z also t made by ! ,au/ral ,otis ,company1 ,melb\rne1 are fa/ & excell5t triturat+ appliances = ei!r wet or dry work+1 b are specially suitable only = ores :5 ! gold is f9e & ev5ly di/ribut$ 9 ! /one4 ,! trituration is effect$ by revolv+ ! /one 9 a l>ge cyl9d] toge!r ) a numb] ( /eel balls ( v>i\s sizes1 ! attrition ( :i* ) ! rock quickly gr9ds x to p[d] ( any requir$ degree ( f95ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,grusonw]k ,,ball ,,mill4 ,probably m m9es h be5 ru9$ by bad mill managem5t ?an by bad m9+1 ?\gh e exp]i5c$ man mu/ h se5 9 8 "t _m mo/ flagrant in/ances ( bungl+ 9 ! latt] respect4 ,%afts are (t5 sunk on ! wrong side ( ! lode or too ne> or too f> away !refrom1 :ile in/ances h n be5 want+ :]e ! 7mis7manag] has1 aft] s9k+ 8 %aft1 driv5 9 ! opposite direction to t :]e ! lode %\ld be f\nd4 ,a common error is t ( erect+ ma*9]y be=e !re is suffici5t ore 9 sight to make x c]ta9 t en\gh c be provid$ to keep ! plant go+4 ,9 m9es at a di/ance f ! c5tre ( managem5t x is almo/ impossible to *eck mi/akes ( ?is description1 caus$ by ! ignorance or ov] sangu95ess ( ! m9e sup]9t5d5t1 & !y are (t5 z disa/r\s z !y are indef5sible4 ,ano!r f]tile s\rce ( failure is ! craze = exp]im5t+ ) untri$ inv5tions1 alleg$ to be improvem5ts on well-kn[n me?ods4 ,a rule 9 ! mo/ sci5tific ( c>d games1 :i/1 is 8:5 9 d\bt lead trumps40 ,x might be p>aphras$ = m9+ ?us3 8,:5 9 d\bt ab\t ma*9]y use t :i* has be5 prov$40 ,let "s "o else d ! exp]im5t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,d\ble ,,fault$ ,,lode4 ,! success ( a qu>tz m9e dep5ds z mu* on fav\rable work+ conditions z on its ri*ness 9 gold4 ,?us x may be t a m9e c>ry+ #e or #f oz4 ( gold to ! ton b badly circum/anc$ z to di/ance1 m\nta9\s roads1 lack ( wood & wat]1 9 "s cases a ple?ora ( ! latt]1 or irregul>ly fault$ c\ntry 7,fig4 #ag71 may be less pr(itable ?an ano!r %[+ only #e or #f dwt41 b fav\rably situat$4 ,x is usually desirable to *oose = ! batt]y site1 :5 possible1 ! slope ( a hill :i* consi/s ( rock t w give a good f\ndation = y\r batt]y4 ,! economical work+ dep5ds greatly on ! situation1 :i* is g5]ally fix$ m or less1 9 ! proximity ( ! wat]4 ,! advantages ( hav+ ample wat] = batt]y purposes1 or ( us+ wat] z a motive p[]1 are s great t x is v (t5 desirable to con/ruct a tramway ( consid]able l5g?1 :51 by s do+1 t p[] c be utilis$2 h5ce mo/ qu>tz mills are plac$ ne> /reams1 or 9 valleys :]e cat*m5t dams c be effectively con/ruct$1 except1 ( c\rse1 9 di/ricts :]e mu* wat] has to be pump$ f ! m9e4 ,if wat]-p[] c be us$1 ! wat]-motor w necess>ily be plac$ z l[ z possible1 9 ord] to obta9 ! fulle/ available p[]4 ,"o po9t is ess5tial4 ,special c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! appliances above highe/ flood-level4 ,if ! wat] 9 ! /ream is n suffici5t to c>ry (f ! tail+s1 ! batt]y %\ld be plac$ at su* a height z to leave suffici5t slope = tail+s' dumps4 ,?is is m important :5 treat+ ore ( su* value t ! tail+s are wor? sav+ = second>y treatm5t4 ,9 ?is case provision %\ld be made = tail+s1 dams1 or slime pits4 ,:e!r ! batt]y is work$ by wat]1 /eam1 or gas p[]1 an ample supply ( wat] is absolutely necess>y1 at lea/ until "s ?or\ghly effective mode ( dry treatm5t is e/abli%$4 ,if x c be possibly arrang$ ! wat] %\ld be br\ght 9 by gravitation1 & fir/ co/ is (t5 lea/ co/2 b :]e ?is is impossible1 pumps ( suffici5t capacity1 n only to provide ! absolute quantity us$1 b to meet any em]g5cy1 %\ld be erect$4 ,! pur] ! wat] ! bett] x w be = amalgamat+ purposes1 & 9 cold climates x is desirable to make provision = heat+ ! wat] suppli$ to ! batt]y4 ,?is c be done by means ( /eam f ! boil] l$ ?r\gh ! fe$ tanks2 b :]e ! boil] p[] is n m ?an requir$1 wa/e /eam f ! eng9e may be employ$1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t no greasy matt] comes 9 contact ) ! plates4 ,! exhau/ /eam f ! eng9e may be utilis$ by c>ry+ x ?r\gh tubes fitt$ 9 an ord9>y #djj gallon tank4 ,r$uc+ appliances h (t5 to be plac$ 9 di/ricts :]e ! wat] supply is insuffici5t = ! batt]y4 ,:5 ?is is s e available means mu/ be adopt$ = sav+ ! preci\s liquid1 su* z cond5s+ ! exhau/ /eam f ! eng9e4 ,?is may be done by conduct+ x ?r\gh a consid]able l5g? ( ord9>y z9c pip+1 su* z is us$ = c>ry+ ! wat] f h\se ro(s4 ,also tail+s pits %\ld be made1 9 :i* ! tail+s & slimes are all[$ to settle1 & ! cle>$ wat] is pump$ back to be aga9 us$4 ,^! pits %\ld1 :]e practicable1 be cem5t$4 ,x is usual1 also1 to h "o or two tail+s dams at diff]5t levels2 ! tail+s are run into ! upp] dam1 & are all[$ to settle2 ! slimes ov]fl[ f x into ! l[] dam1 & are !re deposit$1 :ile ! cle>$ wat] is pump$ back to ! batt]y4 ,arrangem5ts are made by :i* all ^! res]voirs c be sluic$ out :5 !y are fill$ ) accumulat$ tail+s4 ,x is well n to leave ! sluic+ = too long a p]iod1 z :5 ! slimes & tail+s are set h>d !y are difficult to remove4 ,:]e a p]man5t r$uc+ plant is to be erect$1 :atev] =m ( mill may be adopt$1 x is bett] = _m reasons to use automatic ore fe$]s4 ,( ^! ! be/ two ,i h met are ! 8,tullo*0 7,fig4 #ah71 & 8,*all5ge0 7,fig4 #ai7 ei!r ( :i* c be adapt$ to any mill & bo? d good "w4 ,by _! use ! r$uc+ capacity ( ! mill is increas$1 & ! fe$+ be+ regul> ! we> & te> is decreas$1 :ile by ! regulat$ fe$+ ( ! 8pulp0 9 ! batt]y box or mort> c be ma9ta9$ at any degree ( consi/5cy :i* may be f\nd desirable1 & ?us ! process ( amalgamation w be greatly facilitat$4 ,! only objection :i* c be urg$ aga9/ ! automatic fe$] is t ! /eel po9ts ( picks1 gads1 drills1 & o!r tools may be all[$ to pass into ! mort> or mill1 & ?us cause consid]able we> & te>4 ,a rem$y = ?is is sugge/$ 7p4 #adh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,tail ,,race ,to face p4 #gd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,tullo* ,,automatic ,,ore ,,fe$]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,*all5ge ,,automatic ,,ore ,,fe$]4 ,if local conditions are fav\rable & ! managem5t good1 "s m9es h paid well ) a yield ( f #a to #d dwts4 ( gold p] ton ( ore2 b o!rs h n paid ) mu* high] yields 9 te/ cru%+s4 ,great judgm5t is requir$ 9 select+ ! be/ possible site = ! class ( cru%+ ma*9]y decid$ ^u4 ,! cru%] %\ld be z high z c be manag$ s z to give a good cle> run = ! tail+s & room = ! conc5trators & amalgamators1 c41 bel[ ! copp] plates & blanket /rakes4 ,solid1 /rong f\ndations are ess5tial2 _m failures are due to a neglect ( ?is po9t4 ,9 a /amp mill 7,fig4 #bj7 ! f\ndations are usually made ( h>d-wood logs ab\t #e to #f feet long1 set on end1 ! bottom end re/+ on rock & set r\nd ) cem5t concrete4 ,^! are bolt$ toge!r1 & ! 8box0 or mort> is bolt$ to !m4 ,! horizontal logs to c>ry ! 8horses0 or supports = ! batt]y frame %\ld also be ( good size1 & solidly & securely bolt$4 ,! same applies to y\r eng9e b$1 b :e!r x be ( timb]1 or mason "w1 above all ?+s provide t ! :ole ( y\r "w is set out squ>e & true to save aft] we> & friction4 ,fig4 #ba repres5ts a #aj-;head /amp mill4 ,my exp]i5ce has be5 t ! mo/ effective weight = /amps & height = drop l>gely dep5ds on ! nature ( ! rock f\ndation4 ,i h usually f\nd t ) m$ium /amps1 say #g to #h cwt4 ) fair drop & lively action1 ab\t #hj falls p] m9ute1 ! be/ results 7 obta9$1 b ! t5d5cy ( mod]n mill m5 is t[>ds ! heavi] /amps1 #aj cwt4 & ev5 heavi]4 ,great improvem5ts h be5 made 9 /amp mills s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury1 z is evid5t by comp>+ ,fig4 #ba;,a ) ,figs4 #bj & #ba2 ev5 9 ! writ]'s "t !y h be5 consid]able4 ,to f9d ! horse p[] requir$ to drive a batt]y1 multiply ! weight ( "o /amp by ! numb] ( /amps 9 ! batt]y2 ! height ( lift 9 feet by ! numb] ( lifts p] m9ute2 add "o-?ird ( ! product = friction1 & ! result w be ! numb] ( feet-lbs4 p] m9ute2 divide ?is by #cc1jjj :i* is ! numb] ( feet-lbs4 p] m9ute equal to #a h4-p4 & ! result w be ! h4-p4 requir$4 ,?us if a /amp weighs #hjj lbs4 & y h five 9 ! box1 & ea* /amp has a lift ( #i 94 #jge ft4 & /rikes #hj bl[s p] m9ute1 !n #hjj #e #jge #hj #bdj1jjj2 "o ?ird ( #bdj1jjj #hj1jjj1 :i* add$ to #bdj1jjj #cbj1jjj2 & #cbj1jjj divid$ by #cc1jjj #ig h4-p4 or #ai h4-p4 ea* /amp4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,,/amp ,,mill1 ,,%[+ ,,"p ,,( ,,f\ndations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 #aj-;,,head ,,/amp ,,mill4 ,! total weight ( a batt]y1 includ+ /amp] box1 /amp]s1 c1 may be r\ghly e/imat$ at ab\t #a ton p] /amp4 ,m$ium weight /amp]s1 includ+ %ank1 cam1 disc1 head1 & %oe1 weigh f #fjj-gjj lbs41 & ne$ ab\t #c_/d h4-p4 to "w !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba;,a4 ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,/amp ,,mill4 ,! quantity ( wat] requir$ = ! effective treatm5t ( gold be>+ rock 9 a /amp] batt]y v>ies accord+ to ! composition ( ! mat]ial to be op]at$ ^u1 b g5]ally x is m ?an ! inexp]i5c$ believe4 ,= in/ance1 8mullocky0 lode /uff1 conta9+ mu* clayey matt] or mat]ial c>ry+ a l>ge p]c5tage ( heavy metal1 su* z titanic iron or metallic sulphides1 w ne$ a l>g] quantity ( wat] p] /amp ?an clean qu>tz4 ,a fair av]age quantity w\ld be #gej to #ajjj gallons p] h\r = ea* box ( five /amps4 ,9 g5]al practice ,i h seldom f\nd #ajjj gallons p] h\r m ?an suffici5t4 ,z to ! mo/ effective me% = ! scre5 or grat+1 t dep5ds l>gely on ! size ( ! gold p>ticles conta9$ 9 ! gangue4 ,! f9] ! p>ticles ! clos] mu/ be ! me%1 s t no?+ b c>eful exp]im5t w enable ! batt]y manag] to decide ?is mo/ important po9t4 ,! ,am]ican slott$ scre5s are be/2 !y we> bett] ?an ! pun*$ grat+s & c be us$ ( f9] gauge4 ,wov5 /eel wire gauze is employ$ ) good effect 9 "s mills :]e specially f9e trituration is requir$4 ,?is class ( scre5 requires special c>e z x is some:at fragile1 b ) intellig5t treatm5t does good "w4 ,! fall or incl9ation ( ! tables1 bo? copp] & blanket /rakes1 is also regulat$ by ! class ( ore4 ,if x %\ld be heavy !n ! fall mu/ be /eep]4 ,a fair av]age drop is #c_/d in* to ! foot4 ,be c>eful t y\r copp] tables are ?or\ghly wat]-tight1 =1 rememb]1 :]e wat] w p]colate1 m]cury w p5etrate4 ,! blanket tables are simply a cont9uation ( ! m]cury tables1 b cov]$ ) /rips ( co>se blanket1 gre5 baize1 or o!r floccul5t mat]ial1 int5d$ to arre/ ! heavi] metallic p>ticles :i* h n be5 amalgamat$4 ,! blanket table is1 h[ev]1 a v unsatisfactory conc5trator at be/1 & is giv+ place to me*anical conc5trators ( v>i\s descriptions4 ,i h a device at pres5t unpat5t$ :i* w d away ) ! necessity = blanket tables or copp] plates1 z by ! exp5diture ( f #a_/b to #a h4-p4 e p>ticle ( free gold aft] leav+ ! boxes mu/ come )9 ! embrace ( a m]cury amalgam4 ,no clean+ ( plates is requir$4 ,an anci5t ,egyptian gold wa%+ table is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,x is a repres5tation ( an old /one table su* z is ref]r$ to 9 p4 #b1 :i* 0 us$ by ! ,egyptians 9 treat+ ! gold ores ( ,l[] ,egypt4 ,! ore 0 fir/ gr\nd1 x is likely by means ( "s description ( /one arra/ra1 & !n pass$ ov] ! slop+ table ) wat]1 ! gold be+ reta9$ 9 ! riffles4 ,9 ^! ! mat]ial w\ld probably be me*anically agitat$4 ,al?\gh = its era +5i\s x w be pla9 to practical m5 t if ! gold 7 f9e ! process w\ld be v ineffective4 ,possibly1 b ( ?is ,i h no evid5ce1 m]cury 0 us$ to reta9 ! gold 9 ! riffles1 =1 z previ\sly /at$1 ?is me?od 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig #bb4 ,,wa%+ ,,table ,,( ,,/one ,,) ,,riffles4 ,at a m9e at :i* ,i 0 manag+ director ! lode 0 almo/ entirely compos$ ( sulphide ( iron1 c>bonate ( lime or calcsp>1 ) a little silica4 ,9 ?is case x 0 f\nd be/ to cru% )\t m]cury1 !n run ! pulp into pans1 :]e x 0 conc5trat$4 ,! conc5trates 7 calc9$ 9 a common rev]b]atory furnace1 & aft]w>ds amalgamat$ ) m]cury 9 a special pan2 ! results 7 v satisfactory2 b x does n foll[ t ?is process w\ld be ! mo/ suitable = a slightly diff]5t lode /uff4 ,i 0 lately consult$ ) respect to ! treatm5t ( a pyritic ore 9 a v promis+ m9e1 b c\ld n recomm5d ! above treatm5t1 because ?\gh ! pyrites 9 ! gangue 0 simil>1 ! bulk ( ! lode consi/$ ( silica1 consequ5tly !re w\ld be a great wa/e ( p[] 9 triturat+ ! :ole ( ! /uff to :at1 ) reg>d to mu* ( x1 w\ld be an unnecess>y degree ( f95ess4 ,i am ( op9ion t 9 cases su* z ?is1 :]e x is n int5d$ to adopt ! *lor9ation or cyanog5 process1 x w be f\nd mo/ economical to cru% to a co>se gauge1 conc5trate1 calc9e ! conc5trates1 & f9ally amalgamate 9 "s suitable amalgamator4 ,probably = ?is mode ( treatm5t ,krom rolls w\ld be f\nd m effective r$uc+ ag5ts ?an /amp]s1 z ) !m ! bulk ( ! ore c be brok5 to any requir$ gauge & !re w\ld consequ5tly be less loss 9 8slimes40 ,! great art 9 effective batt]y "w is to cru% y\r /uff to ! requir$ f95ess only1 & !n to provide t ea* p>ticle is br\ght into contact ) ! m]cury ei!r 9 box1 tr\gh plate1 or pan4 ,to d ?is ! fl[ ( wat] mu/ be c>efully regulat$2 x %\ld n c>ry ! /uff (f too quickly nor all[ ! tr\ghs & plates to be *ok$4 ,9 cold wea!r ! wat] may be w>m$ by pass+ ! fe$-pipe ?r\gh a tank into :i* ! /eam f ! eng9e exhau/s1 & ?is w be f\nd to keep ! m]cury bright & lively4 ,b be c>eful no eng9e oil or grease m+les ) ! wat]1 z grease on ! copp] tables w absolutely prev5t amalgamation4 ,! fir/ po9t1 !n1 is to effectively cru% ! gangue1 ! degree ( f95ess be+ regulat$ by ! f95ess ( ! gold itself4 ,?is be+ done1 !n comes ! "q ( sav+ ! gold4 ,if ! qu>tz be clean1 & ! gold unmix$ ) base metal1 ! difficulty is small4 ,all t is requir$ is to ensure t ea* p>ticle ( gold %all be tak5 up by ! m]cury4 ,! ma9 object is to arre/ ! gold at ! e>lie/ possible /age2 !re=e1 if y are treat+ clean /one conta9+ free gold1 ei!r co>se or f9e1 ,i advise ! use ( m]cury 9 ! boxes1 = ! reason t a consid]able proportion ( ! gold w be caught !reby1 & settl+ to ! bottom1 or adh]+ to amalgamat$ plates 9 ! boxes1 :]e su* are us$1 w n be aft]w>ds affect$ by ! cru%+ action1 :i* might o!rwise break up1 or 8fl\r10 ! m]cury4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i r fav\r ! use ( m]cury 9 ! box at any "t1 unless ! ore is v refractory--t is1 conta9s too great a proportion ( base metals1 p>ticul>ly sulphides ( iron1 ars5ic1 c41 :5 ! result w n be satisfactory1 b may entail great loss by ! escape ( fl\r$ m]cury c>ry+ ) x p>ticles ( gold4 ,intellig5t exp]i5ce w assi/ ! batt]y manag] to adopt ! "r sy/em4 ,! cru%$ /uff--g5]ally t]m$ ! 8pulp0--passes f ! boxes ?r\gh ! 8scre5s0 or 8grat+s10 & s on to ! 8tables0--i4e41 %eets ( copp] amalgamat$ on ! upp] surface ) m]cury1 & sometimes electroplat$ ) silv] & aft]w>ds treat$ ) m]cury4 ,unless ! qu>tz is v clean1 &1 consequ5tly light1 ,i am oppos$ to ! =m ( /amp] box ) m]cury tr\ghs ca/ 9 ! 8lip10 nor d ,i ?9k t a tr\gh "u ! lip is a good arrangem5t1 z x usually gets s *ok$ & cov]$ ) ! heavy cl++ base metals z to make x almo/ impossible = ! gold to come 9 contact ) ! m]cury4 ,x w be f\nd bett] :]e ! gold is f9e1 or ! gangue conta9s mu* base metal1 to run ! pulp f ! lip ( ! batt]y into a 8di/ributor40 ,! di/ributor is a wood5 box ! full wid? ( ! /amp] box or mort>1 hav+ a p]=at$ iron bottom set "s ?ree to f\r in*es above ! fir/ copp] plate1 :i* %\ld come up "u ! lip4 ,! effect ( ?is arrangem5t is t ! pulp is da%$ on to ! plate by ! fall+ wat]1 & ! gold at once com+ 9 contact ) ! m]cury beg9s to accumulate & attract t :i* foll[s1 till ! amalgam becomes pil$ 9 little crat]-%ap$ m\nds1 & ?us #ge p] c5t4 ( ! gold is sav$ on ! top plate4 ,i h tri$ a fur!r adaptation ( ?is process :5 treat+ ores conta9+ a l>ge p]c5tage ( iron oxide1 :]e ! bulk ( ! gold is impalpably f9e1 & conta9$ 9 ! 8gossan40 ,at ! end ( ! blanket table1 or at any po9t :]e ! cru%$ /uff la/ passes be=e go+ to ! 8tail+s heap0 or 8sludge pit10 a 8sav]0 is plac$4 ,! sav] is a /rong box ab\t #ae 94 squ>e by #c ft4 high1 "o side ( :i* is removable1 b mu/ fit tight4 ,n9e slots are cut inside at #d 94 ap>t1 & into ^! are fitt$ n9e squ>e p]=at$ copp] plates1 hav+ ab\t eighty to a hundr$ #a_/d 94 holes 9 ea*2 ! p]=ations %\ld n come opposite ea* o!r4 ,^! plates are to be amalgamat$ on bo? sides ) m]cury1 & ! top plate 8f$0 f "t to "t ) m]cury1 9 :i* a v little sodium has be5 plac$4 ,if acid ores are be+ treat$1 z9c %\ld be employ$ 9 place ( sodium1 & to prev5t ! plates becom+ b>e1 if ! /uff is v poor1 ?ick z9c amalgam may be us$ ) good effect2 b 9 t case discont9ue ! sodium1 & occasionally1 if requir$1 say once or twice 9 ! day1 mix an ounce ( sulphuric acid 9 a half gallon ( wat] & sl[ly p\r x into ! laund] above ! sav]4 ,und]nea? ! 8sav]0 y require a few riffles1 or tr\ghs1 to cat* any wa/e m]cury1 b if n ov]f$ !re %\ld be no wa/e4 ,?is automatic appliance sometimes arre/s a consid]able quantity ( gold4 ,we n[ come to ! subsidi>y processes ( batt]y "w1 ! 8clean+0 ( plates1 & 8scal+0 same :5 x is desir$ to get all ! gold (f !m1 ! clean+ & retort+ ( amalgam1 & ( ! m]cury1 smelt+ gold1 c4 ,plates %\ld be t5d]ly treat$1 kept z smoo? z possible1 & :5 clean+ up aft] cru%+1 9 y\r own batt]y1 ! amalgam--except1 say1 at half-ye>ly int]vals--%\ld be remov$ ) a rubb] only2 ! rubb] is simply a squ>e ( black india-rubb] or s(t p9e wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,,scrap]4 ,:5 cru%+ ri* ore1 & y want to get ne>ly all ! gold (f y\r plates1 ! scrap] 7,fig4 #bc7 may be resort$ to4 ,?is is usually made by ! m9e blacksmi? f an old flat file :i* is cut 9 half1 ! top turn$ ov]1 beat5 out to a %>p blade1 & kept %>p by t\*+ x up on ! gr9d+-/one4 ,?is1 if c>efully us$1 w remove ! bulk ( ! amalgam )\t injury to ! plate4 ,v>i\s me?ods ( 8scal+0 plates w be f\nd among 8,rules ( ,?umb40 ,:]e base metals are pres5t 9 ! lode /uff frequ5t retort+s ( ! m]cury1 say n less ?an once a mon?1 w be f\nd to h a good effect 9 keep+ x pure & active4 ,= ?is purpose1 & 9 ord] to prev5t /oppage ( ! ma*9]y1 a d\ble quantity is necess>y1 s t half may be us$ alt]nately4 ,less c>e is requir$ 9 retort+ ! m]cury ?an 9 treat+ ! amalgam1 z ! object 9 ! "o case is m to cleanse ! metal ( impurities ?an to save gold1 :i* w = ! mo/ "p h be5 extract$ by squeez+ ?r\gh ! *amois lea!r or calico4 ,a good /rong heat may !re=e at once be appli$ to ! retort & cont9u$1 ! effect be+ to oxidise ! ars5ic1 antimony1 lead1 c41 :i*1 9 ! =m ( oxides1 w n aga9 amalgamate ) ! m]cury1 b w ei!r lie on its surface "u ! wat]1 into :i* ! nozzle ( ! retort is ins]t$1 or w float away on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,i h also f\nd t cov]+ ! top ( ! m]cury ) a few in*es ( brok5 *>coal :5 retort+ has an excell5t purify+ effect4 ,9 retort+ amalgam1 mu* c>e & att5tion is requir$4 ,fir/1 nev] fill ! retort too full1 give pl5ty ( room = expansion2 =1 :5 ! heat is appli$1 ! amalgam w rise l d\gh 9 an ov51 & may be =c$ into ! dis*>ge pipe1 ! consequ5ce be+ a loss ( amalgam or ! possible bur/+ ( ! retort4 ,next1 be c>eful 9 apply+ ! heat1 :i* %\ld be done gradually1 comm5c+ at ! top4 ,?is is ess5tial to prev5t wa/e & to turn out a good-look+ cake ( gold1 :i* all batt]y manag]s l to d1 ev5 if !y purpose smelt+ into b>s4 ,sometimes special difficulties crop up 9 ! process ( sep>at+ ! gold f ! amalgam4 ,at ! fir/ 8clean+ up0 on ! ,fras]s ,m9e at ,s\!rn ,cross1 ,we/ ,au/ralia1 great con/]nation 0 excit$ by ! appe>ance ( ! retort$ gold1 :i*1 z an old m9] graphically put x1 0 8z black z ! h9d leg ( a cr[10 & utt]ly unfit = smelt+1 ow+ to ! pres5ce ( base metals4 ,"s "t aft] ?is ,i 0 l>gely int]e/$ 9 ! ,blackborne m9e 9 ! same di/rict :5 a simil> tr\ble arose4 ,?is ,i succe$$ 9 surm\nt+1 b a /ill m s]i\s "o 0 too mu* = me--i4e41 ! abs5ce ( payable gold 9 ! /one4 ,i give "h an extract f ! ,au/ralian ,m9+ ,/&>d1 ( ,decemb] #i?1 #ahic1 ) ref]5ce to ! mode ( clean+ ! amalgam :i* ,i adopt$4 ,,new ,,me?od ,,( ,,sep>at+ ,,gold ,,f ,,impure ,,amalgam4 ,i _h submitt$ to me lately a sample ( amalgam f a m9e 9 ,we/ ,au/ralia :i* amalgam _h prov$ a complete puzzle to ! manag] & amalgamator4 ,! ,m9t returns %[$ a v l>ge proportion ( impurity1 ev5 9 ! smelt$ gold4 ,:5 retort$ only1 ! ,m9t au?orities refus$ to take x aft] !y _h treat$ ! fir/ two cakes1 "o ( #aai oz41 :i* yield$ only #ce oz4 #e dwt4 /&>d gold1 & "o ( #adj oz41 :i* gave #da oz4 #aj dwt4 ,! gold smelt$ on ! m9e 0 ne>ly z bad proportionately4 ,?us1 #abh oz4 smelt$ d[n at ! ,m9t to #hg oz4 #h dwt4 & #aji oz4 to #ee oz4 #aj dwt4 ,! impurity 0 pr9cipally iron1 a mo/ unusual ?+ 9 my exp]i5ce1 & 0 due to two causes reveal$ by assay ( ! ore & analysis ( ! m9e wat]1 viz41 an excess ( ars5ate ( iron 9 ! /one1 & ! pres5ce 9 l>ge proportions ( m9]al salts1 pr9cipally *loride ( calcium ,ca,cl#b1 sodium ,na,cl1 & magnesium ,mg,cl#b1 9 ! m9e wat] us$ 9 ! batt]y4 ,! exact analysis ( ! wat] 0 z foll[s3-- ,c>bonate ( ,iron ,fe,c,o #bgf gra9s p] gallon ,c>bonate ( ,calcium ,ca,c,o #gfa 0 0 ,sulphate ( ,calcium ,ca,s,o #haga 0 0 ,*loride ( ,calcium ,ca,cl #bgighd 0 0 ,*loride ( ,magnesium ,mg,cl #fajac 0 0 ,*loride ( ,sodium or ,common ,salt ,na,cl #ejgbfe 0 0 ---------- ,total solid matt] #hegbgj #aie oz4 to ! gallon4 ,x w be se51 !n1 t ?is wat] is ne>ly f\r times m salt ?an t ( ! sea4 ,! effect ( us+ a wat] ( ?is "*1 z ,i h previ\sly f\nd1 is to cause ! amalgamation ( consid]able quantities ( iron ) ! gold z 9 ?is case4 ,i receiv$ #aj oz4 ( amalgam1 & hav+ f\nd :at con/itut$ its impurities proce$$ to exp]im5t z to its treatm5t4 ,:5 retort$ on ! m9e x 0 turn$ out 9 a black cake s impure z almo/ to make x impossible to smelt prop]ly4 ,i f\nd ! same result on fir/ retort+1 & aft] a numb] ( exp]im5ts :i* ne$ n be recapitulat$1 ?\gh "s 7 fairly effective1 ,i hit on ! foll[+ me?od1 :i* prov$ to be mo/ successful & w probably be s f\nd 9 o!r localities :]e simil>ly unfav\rable conditions prevail4 ,i took a small ball ( amalgam1 plac$ x 9 a d\ble fold ( new f9e-gra9$ calico1 & aft] soak+ 9 hot wat] put x "u a p[]ful press4 ,! weight ( ! ball be=e press+ 0 #aehc gr4 ,f ?is #chc gr4 ( m]cury 7 express$ & five-eigh?s ( a gra9 ( gold 0 retort$ f ?is express$ m]cury4 ,! residue1 9 ! =m ( a d>k1 grey1 & v friable cake1 0 p[d]$ up betwe5 ! f+]s & retort$1 :5 x became a br[n p[d]2 x 0 aft]w>ds calc9$ on a flat %eet 9 ! op5 air2 result1 #eaj gr4 ( russet-col\r$ p[d]4 ,smelt$ ) borax1 ! iron oxide readily sep>at$ ) ! slag2 result1 #caa gr4 gold #hga-ajjj f9e2 a second smelt+ br\ght ?is up to #iad-ajjj f9e4 ,proportion ( smelt$ gold to amalgam1 "o-fif?4 ,! pr9cipal po9t ab\t ?is mode ( treatm5t is ! squeez+ out ( ! m]cury1 :]eby ! amalgam goes into ! retort 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 ?us prev5t+ ! slagg+ ( ! iron & enclosure ( ! gold4 ,! second po9t ( importance is ?or\gh calc9+ be=e smelt+4 ,( c\rse x w\ld be practicable1 if desir$1 to treat ! p[d] ) hydro*loric acid1 & ?us remove all ! iron1 b 9 a l>ge way ?is w\ld be too exp5sive1 & my laboratory treatm5t1 ?\gh necess>ily on a small scale1 0 int5d$ to be on a practical basis4 ,! amalgam at ?is m9e 0 9 ?is way aft]w>ds treat$ ) great success4 ,= ! in=mation ( read]s :o d n und]/& ! *emical symbols x may be said t ,fe,c,o is c>bonate ( iron2 ,ca,c,o is c>bonate ( calcium2 ,ca,s,o is sulphate ( calcium2 ,ca,cl is *loride ( calcium2 ,mg,cl is *loride ( magnesium2 ,na,cl is *loride ( sodium1 or common salt ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,gold ,,extraction--,,second>y ,,processes ,,& ,,lixiviation ,be=e any plan is adopt$ = treat+ ! ore 9 a new m9e ! managem5t %\ld v s]i\sly & c>efully consid] ! :ole circum/ances ( ! case1 tak+ into acc\nt ! quantity & quality ( ! lode /uff to be op]at$ on1 & asc]ta9 by analysis :at are its compon5t p>ts1 =1 z be=e /at$1 ! treatm5t :i* w yield mo/ satisfactory results ) a c]ta9 class ( gangue on "o m9e w sometimes1 ev5 :5 ! mat]ial is app>5tly simil>1 prove a disa/r\s failure 9 ano!r4 ,"s "t s9ce ,i 0 glad to note t ! manag] ( :at has s9ce become a v prom95t ,au/ralian m9e /rongly disc\nt5anc$ ! pur*ase ( any extract+ plant until he 0 fully satisfi$ z to ! "* ( ! bulk ( ! ore he w\ld h to treat4 ,x w\ld be well = ! pockets ( %>ehold]s & ! reputation ( manag]s if m ( our m9e sup]9t5d5ts foll[$ ?is prud5t & s5sible c\rse4 ,hav+ treat$ on gold extraction ) m]cury by amalgamat$ plates & _! accessories1 some?+ mu/ be said ab\t second>y modes ( sav+ 9 connection ) ! amalgamation process4 ,! op]ations describ$ hi!rto h be5 ! dis9tegration ( ! gold-be>+ mat]ial & ! extraction !refrom ( ! co>s] free gold4 ,b x mu/ be und]/ood t mo/ aurif]\s lode /uff conta9s a proportion ( sulphides ( v>i\s metals1 :]e9 a "p ( ! gold1 usually 9 a v f9ely divid$ /ate1 is enclos$1 & on ?is gold ! m]cury has no influ5ce4 ,also _m lodes conta9 h>d heavy f]ric ores1 su* z titanic iron1 tung/ate ( iron1 & hematite1 9 :i* gold is held4 ,9 o!rs1 aga91 are f\nd consid]able quantities ( s(t p[d]y iron oxide or 8gossan10 & comp\nds su* z limonite1 alum9\s clay1 c41 :i*1 "u ! action ( ! cru%+ mill become f9ely divid$ & float (f 9 ! wat] z 8slimes10 c>ry+ ) !m atoms ( gold1 (t5 microscopically small4 ,to save ! gold 9 su* matrixes z ^! is an op]ation :i* ev5 ! be/ ( our me*anical appliances h n yet fully accompli%$4 ,:]e !re is n too great a proportion ( base metals on :i* ! solv5t w act1 & :5 ! mat]ial is ri* en\gh 9 gold to pay = ! extra co/ ( treatm5t1 *lor9ation or cyanisation are ! be/ modes ( extraction yet practically adopt$4 ,presum+1 h[ev]1 t we are work+ by ! amalgamation process1 & h cru%$ our /one & obta9$ ! free gold1 ! next requirem5t is an effective conc5trator to secure ! heavy base metals :i* hold a p]c5tage ( gold4 ,!re are _m1 & "s d excell5t "w1 b d n act equally well 9 all circum/ances4 ,! fir/ & mo/ primitive is ! blanket table 7p4 #gi72 b x c h>dly be said to be v effective1 & requires con/ant att5tion & frequ5t *ang+ & wa%+ ( ! /rips ( blanket4 ,in/ead ( blanket tables p]cussion tables are sometimes us$1 to :i* a j]k+ motion is giv5 aga9/ ! fl[ ( ! wat] & pulp1 & by ?is means ! heavi] m9]als are ga!r$ t[>ds ! upp] "p ( ! table1 & are remov$ :5 conc5trat$4 ,i h se5 ?is appliance do+ fairly good "w1 b x is by no means a p]fect conc5trator4 ,ano!r =m ( 8%ak+ table0 is "o ) a lat]al motion1 & ?is1 :e!r ) amalgamat$ plates1 or provid$ ) small riffles1 or cov]$ ) blanket1 keeps ! pulp lively & enc\rages ! ret5tion ( ! heavi] p>ticles1 :e!r ( gold or base metals conta9+ gold4 ,!re has also be5 devis$ a rock+ table1 ! action ( :i* is analog\s to t ( ! ord9>y m9]'s cradle4 ,?is appliance1 work+ some:at sl[ly1 sw+s on rock]s f side to side1 & is usually employ$ 9 mills :]e1 ow+ to ! complexity ( ! ore1 difficulties h be5 met ) 9 amalgamat+ ! gold4 ,riffles are provid$ & ev5 v f9e gold is sometimes effectively recov]$ by _! aid4 ,! ,frue vann] w1 z a rule1 act well :5 ! pulp is suffici5tly & consi/5tly f9e4 ,x is an adaptation ( ! old simple app>atus us$ 9 ,*9a & ,india = wa%+ gold du/ f riv] s&4 ,! orig9al consi/$ ( an endless b& ( /rong clo? or closely wov5 matt+1 run on two horizontal roll]s plac$ ab\t sev5 feet ap>t1 "o be+ "s in*es l[] ?an ! o!r4 ,! upp] is caus$ to revolve by means ( a h&le4 ,! clo? is ?us dragg$ upw>ds aga9/ a small /ream ( wat] & s& f$ to x by a second man1 ! fir/ man n only turn+ ! h&le b giv+ a lat]al motion to ! b& by means ( a rope ti$ to "o side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,,frue ,,vann]4 ,*9am5 7 work+ ^! =]unn]s ( ! ,frue vann] fifty ye>s ago 9 ,au/ralia1 & gett+ fair returns4 ,! ,frue vann] 7,fig4 #bd7 is an endless india-rubb] b& drawn ov] an incl9$ table1 to :i* a revolv+ & side motion is giv5 by +5i\s me*anism1 ! pulp be+ automatically f$ f ! upp] end1 & ! conc5trates collect$ 9 a tr\gh conta9+ wat] 9 :i* ! b& is imm]s$ 9 its passage "u ! table2 ! light] p>ticles wa% ov] ! l[] end4 ,! only faults ) ! vann] are--fir/1 x is r sl[2 & secondly1 ?\gh s +5i\s x is j a little complicat$ 9 con/ruction = ! av]age non-sci5tific op]ative4 ,( pan conc5trators !re is an enorm\s selection1 ! pr9ciple 9 mo/ be+ simil>--i4e41 a revolv+ mull]1 :i* triturates ! s&1 s free+ ! t9y gold5 p>ticles & admitt+ ( _! contact ) ! m]cury4 ,! mi/ake ) respect to mo/ ( ^! ma*9es is ! attempt to gr9d & amalgamate 9 "o op]ation4 ,ev5 :5 ! /one "u treatm5t conta9s no delet]i\s comp\nds ! simple action ( gr9d+ ! h>d silice\s p>ticles has a bad effect on ! quicksilv]1 caus+ x to sep>ate into small globules1 :i* ei!r oxidis+ or becom+ coat$ ) ! impurities conta9$ 9 ! ore w n reunite1 b wa% away 9 ! slimes & take ) !m a p]c5tage ( ! gold4 ,z a gr9d] & conc5trator1 & 9 "s cases z an amalgamator1 :5 us$ exclusively = ei!r purpose1 ! ,watson & ,d5ny pan 7,fig4 #be7 is effective2 b al?\gh successfully us$ at "o m9e ,i "k1 ! mode !re adopt$ w\ld1 = reasons previ\sly giv51 be v wa/eful 9 _m o!r m9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,,watson ,,& ,,d5ny ,,pan4 ,!re is mu* misconception1 ev5 among m5 ) "s practical k1 z to ! prop] function ( ^! sav+ appliances2 & sometimes good ma*9es are condemn$ because !y fail to p]=m "w !y 7 n int5d$ =4 ,x _c be too cle>ly realis$ t ! correct ord] ( proc$ure = extract+ ! gold held 9 comb9ation ) base metals is--fir/1 r$uction ( ! p>ticles to a uni=m gauge & c>eful conc5tration only2 next1 ! dissipation1 usually by simple calc9ation1 ( sub/ances 9 ! conc5trates inimical to ! ?or\gh absorption ( ! gold by ! m]cury2 & la/ly1 ! amalgamation ( ! gold & m]cury4 ,= g5]al purposes1 :]e ! gangue has n be5 cru%$ too f9e1 ,i ?9k ! ,duncan pan w usually be f\nd effective 9 sav+ ! conc5trates4 ,9 !ory x is an enl>gem5t ( ! alluvial m9]'s t9 di%1 & ! motion imp>t$ to x is simil> to ! ecc5tric motion ( t simple sep>ator4 ,! calc9+ may be effectively c>ri$ out 9 an ord9>y rev]b]atory furnace1 ! only skill requir$ be+ to prev5t ov] 8roa/+0 & s slagg+ ! conc5trates2 or n suffici5tly calc9+ s z to remove all delet]i\s con/itu5ts2 ! subject1 h[ev]1 is fully treat$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,= amalgamat+ ,i pref] "s =m ( settl] to any fur!r gr9d+ appliance1 b ,i note also improvem5ts 9 ! rot>y amalgamat+ b>rel1 :i*1 ?\gh sl[1 is1 "u fav\rable conditions1 an effective amalgamator4 ,! introduction ( /eam "u pressure into an iron cyl9d] conta9+ a *>ge ( conc5trates ) m]cury is said to h produc$ good results1 & ,i am q prep>$ to believe su* w\ld be ! case1 z we h long kn[n t ! application ( /eam to ores 9 c\rse ( amalgamation facilitates ! process consid]ably4 ,"s tw5ty-five ye>s s9ce ,i also 0 engag$ on ! con/ruction ( a dry amalgamator 9 :i* sublimat$ m]cury 0 pass$ f a retort ?r\gh ! desc5d+ gangue 9 a v]tical cyl9d]1 ! mat]ial fall+ !refrom ?r\gh an ap]ture into a revolv+ settl]1 ! object be+ to save wat] on m9es 9 dry c\ntry4 ,! model1 ab\t qu>t] size1 0 complet$1 :5 my att5tion 0 call$ to an ,am]ican inv5tion1 9 :i* ! same result 0 /at$ to be atta9$ m effectively by bl[+ ! m]cury spray ?r\gh ! triturat$ mat]ial by means ( a /eam jet4 ,i _h already enc\nt]$ a difficulty1 s9ce f\nd s ob/ructive by exp]im5tali/s 9 ! same direction1 t is1 ! gett+ ( ! m]cury back into its liquid metallic =m4 ,?is difficulty c be l>gely obviat$ by my own device ( us+ a v weak solution ( sulphuric acid 7x c h>dly be too weak7 & add+ a small quantity ( z9c to ! m]cury4 ,x is p]fectly m>vell\s h[ "s samples ( m]cury 8sick5$0 or 8fl\r$0 by bad treatm5t1 may be br\ght back to ! bright1 clean1 easy fl[+ metal by a judici\s use ( ^! inexp5sive mat]ials4 ,?us x w probably be f\nd practicable to cru% dry & amalgamate semi-dry by pass+ ! mat]ial 9 ! =m ( a ?9 pa/y mass to a settl]1 z 9 ! old ,s\? ,am]ican arra/ra1 &1 by sl[ly /irr+1 recov] ! m]cury1 & ) x ! bulk ( ! gold4 ,! foll[+ is f ! ,au/ralian ,m9+ ,/&>d1 & 0 head$ 8,amalgamation ,)\t ,ov]fl[03 8,rec5t exp]im5ts at ! ,ball>at ,s*ool ( ,m9es h prov$ t a deliv]ance f difficulties is at h& f an unexpect$ qu>t]4 ,! despis$ ,*ilian mill & ,:eel] pan1 disc>d$ at _m m9es1 w solve ! problem1 b ! keynote ( success is amalgamation )\t ov]fl[4 ,disp5se ) ! ov]fl[ & ! gold is sav$4 8,two typical m9es--! ,great ,m]cury ,propriet>y ,gold ,m9e1 ( ,kuaotunu1 ,n4,z41 ! o!r1 ! ,pambula1 ,n4,s4,w4--h lately be5 conduct+ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) ! object ( sav+ _! f9e gold 9 an economical mann]4 ,! la/ & be/ trials made by ^! companies 7 at ! ,ball>at ,s*ool ( ,m9es1 :]e amalgamation )\t ov]fl[ 0 put to a crucial te/1 9 ea* case ) ! gratify+ result t n9ety-six p] c5t4 ( ! preci\s metal 0 secur$4 ,:at ?is means to ! ,great ,m]cury ,m9e1 = in/ance1 c easily be imag9$ :5 x is und]/ood t not)/&+ all ! late/ gold-sav+ adjuncts dur+ ! la/ six mon?s #abfj tons ( ore1 wor? #d4 #ags4 #aj-b_/c;d4 a ton1 h be5 put ?r\gh = a sav+ ( #a #is4 #a-b_/c;d4 only2 or 9 o!r words ov] two-?irds ( ! gold has gone to wa/e 7= ! "t be+7 9 ! tail+s1 & 9 ! tail+s at ! pres5t mom5t lie ! divid5ds t %\ld h *e]$ %>ehold]s' he>ts4 8,& n[ = ! modus op]&i1 :i*1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is n h$g$ 9 by big royalties to any "o1 rights1 pat5t or o!rwise4 ,! ore to be treat$ is fir/ calc9$1 !n put ?r\gh a rock-break] or /amp] batt]y 9 a p]fectly dry /ate4 ,if ! batt]y is us$1 ord9>y precautions1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be tak5 to prev5t wa/e1 or ! du/ becom+ obnoxi\s to ! workm54 ,! ore is !n transf]r$ to ! ,*ilian mill & made to ! consi/5cy ( porridge1 ! quicksilv] be+ add$4 ,:5 ! pr9cipal "w ( amalgamation is done 7exp]i5ce soon tea*+ ! am\nt ( gr9d+ necess>y71 f ! ,*ilian mill ! pa/e 7s to say7 is pass$ to a ,:eel] or any o!r good pan ( a simil> type1 :5 ! gold-sav+ op]ation is complet$40 ,?is be+ an exp]im5t 9 ! same direction z my own1 ,i tri$ x on a small scale4 ,i calc9$ "s v tr\blesome ore till x 0 fairly 8sweet10 triturat$ x1 & hav+ r$uc$ x ) wat] to ab\t ! consi/5cy ( invalid's gruel1 put x into a little b]dan pan made f a 8camp ov510 :i* ,i _h us$ = treat+ small quantities ( conc5trates1 & f "t to "t drove a spray ( m]cury1 :]e9 a small am\nt ( z9c _h be5 dissolv$1 into ! pa/y mass by means ( a /eam jet1 add$ ab\t half an ounce ( sulphuric acid & kept ! pan revolv+ = sev]al h\rs4 ,! result 0 an unusually successful amalgamation & consequ5t extraction--ov] n9ety p] c5t4 ,/eam--or to use ! sci5tific t]m1 hydro-!rmal action--has play$ su* an important "p 9 ! deposition ( metals t ,i _c b ?9k t "u educat$ intellig5ce x w prove a p[]ful ag5t 9 _! extraction4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago ,i obta9$ "s r rem>kable results f simply boil+ aurif]\s f]ro-sulphides 9 wat]4 ,!re is 9 ?is alone an int]e/+1 useful1 & pr(itable field = inve/igation & exp]im5t4 ,! mo/ sci5tific & p]fect mode ( gold extraction 7:5 ! conditions are fav\rable7 is lixiviation by means ( *lor9e1 potassium cyanide1 or o!r aur\s solv5t1 = by ?is means z mu* z #ih p] c5t4 ( ! gold conta9$ 9 suitable ores c be conv]t$ into its m9]al salt1 & be+ dissolv$ 9 wat]1 re-deposit$ 9 metallic =m = smelt+2 b lode /uff conta9+ mu* lime w\ld n be suitable = *lor9ation1 or ! pres5ce ( a consid]able proportion ( su* a metal z copp]1 p>ticul>ly 9 metallic =m1 w\ld be fatal to success1 :ile cyanide ( potassium w also attack metals o!r ?an gold1 & h5ce disc\nt ! effect ( t solv5t4 ,! e>li] practical applications ( *lor9e to gold extraction 7 kn[n z ,me>s' & ,plattn]'s processes1 & consi/$ 9 plac+ ! mat]ial to be op]at$ on 9 vats ) wat]1 & introduc+ *lor9e gas at ! bottom1 ! mixture be+ all[$ to /& = a numb] ( h\rs1 ! m9imum ab\t twelve1 ! maximum =ty-eight4 ,! *lor9at$ wat] 0 !n drawn (f conta9+ ! gold 9 solution :i* 0 deposit$ z a br[n p[d] by ! addition ( sulphate ( iron4 ,great improvem5ts on ?is sl[ & imp]fect me?od h be5 made ( late ye>s1 among ! e>li] ( :i* 0 t ( ,messrs4 ,newb]y & ,vaut94 ,!y plac$ ! pulp ) wat] 9 a gas-tight revolv+ cyl9d]1 into :i* ! *lor9e 0 introduc$1 & atmosph]ic air to a pressure ( #fj lb4 to ! squ>e in* 0 pump$ 94 ,! cyl9d] ) its cont5ts 0 revolv$ = two h\rs1 !n ! *>ge 0 )drawn & dra9$ ne>ly dry by suction1 ! resultant liquid be+ sl[ly filt]$ ?r\gh brok5 *>coal on :i* ! *loride cry/als 7 deposit$1 9 appe>ance mu* l ! bromo-*lorides ( silv] ore se5 on "s ( ! black manganic oxides ( ! ,b>ri] silv] m9es4 ,! *>coal1 ) its adh]+ *lorides1 0 convey$ to ! smelt+-h\se & ! gold smelt$ into b>s ( extremely pure metal4 ,messrs4 ,newb]y & ,vaut9 claim$ = _! process decreas$ "t = ! op]ation ) increas$ effici5cy4 ,at ,m\nt ,morgan1 :5 ,i visit$ t m9e 9 ! eighties1 !y 7 us+ :at might be t]m$ a composite adaptation process4 ,_! *lor9ation works1 ! l>ge/ 9 ! _w1 7 putt+ ?r\gh #aejj tons p] week4 ,! ore z x came f ! m9e 0 f$ automatically into ,krumm roll] mills1 & aft] be+ cru%$ & sift$ to regulation gauge 0 deliv]$ into trucks & convey$ to ! roa/+ furnaces1 & !nce to cool+ floors1 f :i* x 0 convey$ to ! *lor9at+ %$4 ,"h 7 long r[s ( revolv+ b>rels1 on ! ,newb]y-,vaut9 pr9ciple1 b ) ?is m>k$ diff]5ce1 t ! pressure 9 ! b>rel 0 obta9$ f an excess ( ! gas itself1 g5]at$ f a *>ge ( *loride ( lime & sulphuric acid4 ,on leav+ ! b>rels ! pulp ran into settl+ vats1 some:at on ! ,plattn] plan1 & ! cle> liquid hav+ be5 dra9$ (f 0 pass$ ?r\gh a *>coal filt]1 z adopt$ by ,newb]y & ,vaut94 ,! manag]1 ,mr4 ,wesley ,hall1 /at$ t ! e/imat$ co/ p] ton 0 n m ?an #cjs41 & he expect$ %ortly to r$uce t :5 he began mak+ 8 own sulphuric acid4 ,z he 0 obta9+ ov] #d oz4 to ! ton ! process 0 pay+ v well1 b x w be se5 t ! price w\ld be prohibitive = poor ores unless !y c\ld be conc5trat$ be=e calc9ation4 ,! ,pollok process is a new]1 & /at$ to be a *eap] mode ( lixiviation by *lor9e4 ,x is ! inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,pollok1 ( ,glasg[ ,univ]sity1 & a /rong ,company 0 =m$ to "w x4 ,) him ! gas is produc$ by ! admixture ( bisulphate ( sodium 7in/ead ( sulphuric acid1 :i* is a v co/ly *emical to transport7 & *loride ( lime4 ,wat] is !n pump$ into a /rong receptacle conta9+ ! mat]ial = treatm5t & p[]ful hydraulic pressure is appli$4 ,! effect is /at$ to be ! rapid *ange ( ! metal into its salt1 :i* is dissolv$ 9 ! wat] & aft]w>ds treat$ ) sulphate ( iron1 & s made to resume its metallic =m4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 to me t !re is no ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! pressure br\ght to be> = ! quick5+ ( ! process4 ,9 ea* case x is an air cu%ion1 induc$ 9 ! "o process by ! pump+ 9 ( air to a cyl9d] p>tly fill$ ) wat]1 & 9 ! o!r by pump+ 9 wat] to a cyl9d] p>tly fill$ ) air4 ,! process ( extract+ gold f lode /uff & tail+s by means ( cyanide ( potassium is n[ l>gely us$ & may be ?us briefly describ$3--,x is *iefly appli$ to tail+s1 t is1 cru%$ ore t has already pass$ ov] ! amalgamat+ & blanket tables4 ,! tail+s are plac$ 9 vats1 & subject$ to ! action ( solutions ( cyanide ( potassium ( v>y+ /r5g?s d[n to #jb p] c5t4 ,^! dissolve ! gold1 :i* is lea*$ f ! tail+s1 pass$ ?r\gh boxes 9 :i* x is precipitat$ ei!r by means ( z9c %av+s1 electricity1 or o!r precipitant4 ,! solution is made up to its =m] /r5g? & pass$ aga9 ?r\gh fre% tail+s4 ,:5 ! tail+s conta9 a quantity ( decompos$ pyrites1 p>tly oxidis$1 ! acidity caus$ by ! fre$ sulphuric acid requires to be neutralis$ by an alkali1 cau/ic soda be+ usually employ$4 ,:5 8clean+ up10 ! cyanide solution 9 ! z9c precipitat+ boxes is replac$ by clean wat]4 ,aft] c>eful wa%+ 9 ! box1 to cause all pure gold & z9c to fall to ! bottom1 ! z9c %av+s are tak5 out4 ,! precipitates are !n collect$1 & aft] calc9ation 9 a special furnace = ! purpose ( oxidis+ ! z9c1 are smelt$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,! foll[+ description ( an electrolytic me?od ( gold deposition f a cyanide solution 0 giv5 by ,mr4 ,a4 ,l4 ,eltonhead be=e ! ,eng9e]s' ,club ( ,philadelphia4 ,a description ( ! process is z foll[s3--8,! ore is cru%$ to a c]ta9 f95ess1 dep5d+ on ! "* ( ! gangue4 ,x is !n plac$ 9 lea*+ vats1 ) false bottoms = filtration1 simil> to o!r lea*+ plants4 ,a solution ( cyanide ( potassium & o!r *emicals ( kn[n p]c5tage is run ov] ! pulp & left to /& a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs1 dep5d+ on ! am\nt ( metal to be extract$4 ,x is !n dra9$ (f & ano!r *>ge ( ! same solution is us$1 b ( less /r5g?1 :i* is also dra9$4 ,! pulp is n[ wa%$ ) clean wat]1 :i* lea*es all ! gold & silv] out1 & leaves ! tail+s ready = dis*>ge1 ei!r 9 c>s or sluic$ away by wat]1 if x is pl5tiful4 8,! *emical reaction ( cyanide ( potassium ) gold is z foll[s1 accord+ to ,elsn]3-- ,au ,k,cy ,o ,h,o ,k,au,cy ,,kho4 ,t is1 a d\ble cyanide ( gold & potassium is =m$4 8,all filt]$ solutions & wa%+s f ! lea*+ vats are sav$ & pass$ ?r\gh a precipitat+ #8box' ( novel con/ruction1 :i* may consi/ ei!r ( glass1 iron or wood1 & be made 9 any %ape1 ei!r oval1 r\nd1 or rectangul>--if ! latt]1 x w be ab\t #aj ft4 long1 #d ft4 wide & #a ft4 high--& is p>tition$ (f l5g?wise into five comp>tm5ts4 ,"u ea* p>tition1 on ! inside or bottom ( ! #8box1' grooves may be cut a qu>t]-to a half-in* deep1 ext5d+ p>allel ) ! p>titions to s]ve z a res]voir = ! amalgam1 & give a roll+ motion to ! solution z x passes along & ?r\gh ! f\r comp>tm5ts4 ,! c5tre comp>tm5t is us$ to hold ! lead or o!r suitable anode & electrolyte4 8,! anode is support$ on a movable frame or bracket1 s x may be mov$ ei!r up or d[n z desir$1 x be+ work$ by ?umb-screws at ea* end4 8,! electrolyte may consi/ ( saturat$ solutions ( soluble alkal9e metals & e>?s4 ,! sides or p>titions ( ea* comp>tm5t dip into ! m]cury1 :i* mu/ cov] ! #8box' ev5ly on ! bottom to ! dep? ( ab\t a half-in*4 8,amalgamat$ copp] /rips or discs are plac$ 9 contact ) ! m]cury & ext5d$ above x1 to all[ ! gold & silv] solution ( cyanide to come 9 contact4 8,! electrodes are connect$ ) ! dynamo2 ! anode ( lead be+ positive & ! ca?ode ( m]cury be+ negative4 ,! dynamo is />t$1 & a curr5t ( high amp]age & l[ voltage is g5]at$1 g5]ally #ajj to #abe amp]es1 & ) suffici5t pressure to decompose ! electrolyte betwe5 ! anode & ! ca?ode4 8,z ! gas is g5]at$ at ! anode1 a commotion is creat$ 9 ! liquid1 :i* br+s a fre% & saturat$ solution ( electrolyte betwe5 ! electrodes = electrolysis1 & makes x cont9u\s 9 its action4 8,! solution ( d\ble cyanide ( gold1 silv]1 & potassium1 :i* has be5 dra9$ f ! lea*+ vats1 is pass$ ov] ! m]cury 9 ! precipitat+ #8box' :5 ! decomposition ( ! electrolyte by ! electric curr5t is be+ accompli%$1 ! gold & silv] are set free & unite ) ! m]cury1 & are also deposit$ on ! plates or discs ( copp]1 =m+ amalgam1 :i* is collect$ & made m>ketable by ! well-kn[n & tri$ me?ods4 ,! above solution is reg5]at$ ) cyanide ( potassium by ! sett+ free ( ! metals 9 ! passage ov] ! #8box4' 8,9 us+ ?is solution aga9 = a fre% *>ge ( pulp1 x is re9=c$ to ! desir$ p]c5tage1 or /r5g!n$ ) cyanide ( potassium & o!r *emicals1 & is always 9 good condition = cont9u+ ! op]ation ( dissolv+4 8,! potassium act+ on ! wat] ( ! solution creates nasc5t hydrog5 & potassium hydrate2 ! nasc5t hydrog5 sets free ! metals 7gold & silv]71 :i* are precipitat$ into ! m]cury & =m amalgam1 leav+ hydrocyanic acid2 ?is latt] comb9es ) ! potassium hydrate ( ! =m] reaction1 ?us =m+ cyanide ( potassium4 ,!re are o!r reactions = :i* ,i h n at pres5t ! *emical =mulas4 8,z ! solution passes ov] ! m]cury1 ! c5tre comp>tm5t ( ! #8box' is mov$ sl[ly longitud9ally1 :i* spreads ! m]cury1 ! solution is agitat$ & comes 9 p]fect contact ) ! m]cury1 z well z ! amalgamat$ plates or discs ( copp]1 ensur+ a p]fect precipitation4 8,x is n always necess>y to precipitate all ! gold & silv] f ! solution1 = x is us$ ov] & ov] aga9 indef9itely2 b :5 x is requir$1 x c be done p]fectly & *eaply 9 a v %ort "t4 8,no solution lea*$ f ! pulp1 conta9+ cyanide ( potassium1 gold & silv]1 ne$ be run to wa/e1 :i* is 9 itself an enorm\s sav+ ov] ! use ( z9c %av+s :5 h&l+ l>ge quantities ( pulp & solution4 8,"s ( ! advantages ! electro-*emical process has ov] o!r cyanide processes are3 ,its cleanl9ess1 quickness ( action1 *eapness1 & l>ge sav+ ( cyanide ( potassium by reg5]ation2 n wa/+ ! solutions1 l>g] recov]y ( ! gold & silv] f ! solutions2 ! co/ ( recov]y less2 ! loss ( gold1 silv]1 & cyanide ( potassium r$uc$ to a m9imum2 ! use ( cau/ic alkali 9 su* quantity z may be desir$ to keep ! cyanide solution f be+ de/roy$ by ! acidity ( ! pulp1 & also sometimes to give w>m?1 z a w>m cyanide solution w dissolve gold & silv] quick] ?an a cold "o4 ,^! cau/ic alkalies d n int]f]e ) or prev5t ! p]fect precipitation ( ! metals4 ,! bullion recov]$ 9 ?is process is v f9e1 :ile ! z9c-precipitat$ bullion is only ab\t #gjj f9e4 8,! gold & silv] is dissolv$1 & !n precipitat$ 9 "o op]ation1 :i* we "k _c be done 9 ! #8*lor9ation process'2 besides1 ! co/ ( plant & treatm5t is mu* less 9 ! above-describ$ process4 8,! electro-*emical process1 :i* ,i h ha/ily sket*$ w1 ,i ?9k1 be ! future *eap me?od ( recov]+ f9e or fl\r gold f our m9es & wa/e tail+s or ore dumps4 8,)\t go+ into details ( co/ ( treatm5t1 ,i w /ate t ) a plant ( a capacity ( h&l+ #aj1jjj tons ( pulp p] mon?1 ! co/ %\ld n exce$ #hs4 p] ton1 b t may be *eap5$ by lab\r-sav+ devices4 ,!re be+ no exp5sive ma*9]y1 a plant c\ld be v *eaply erect$ :]ev] necess>y40 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,calc9ation ,,or ,,roa/+ ,,( ,,ores ,! object ( calc9+ or roa/+ c]ta9 ores be=e treatm5t is to dissipate ! sulphur or sulphides ( ars5ic1 antimony1 lead1 c41 :i* are inimical to treatm5t1 :e!r by ord9>y m]curic amalgamation or lixiviation4 ,! effect ( ! roa/+ is fir/ to sublimate & drive (f z fumes ! sulphur & a proportion ( ! objectionable metals4 ,:at is left is ei!r iron oxide1 8gossan10 or ! oxides ( ! o!r metals4 ,ev5 lead c ?us be oxidis$1 b requires m c>e z x melts ne>ly z readily z antimony & is mu* less volatile4 ,! oxides 9 ! ?or\ghly roa/$ ore w n amalgamate ) m]cury1 & are n act$ on by *lor9e or cyanog54 ,to effect ! oxidation ( sulphur1 x is necess>y n only to br+ e p>ticle ( sulphur into contact ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 b also to provide adequate heat to ! p>ticles suffici5t to raise !m to ! temp]ature t w induce oxidation4 ,no appreciable effect foll[s ! m]e contact ( air ) sulphur p>ticles at atmosph]ic temp]ature2 b if ! p>ticles be rais$ to a temp]ature ( #ejj ,fahr41 ! sulphur is oxidis$ to ! gase\s sulphur dioxide4 ,! same action effects ! elim9ation ( ! ars5ic & antimony associat$ ) gold & silv] ores1 z :5 heat$ to a c]ta9 con/ant temp]ature ^! metals readily oxidise4 ,! sci5ce ( calc9ation consi/s ( ! me?od by :i* ! sulphide ores1 hav+ be5 cru%$ to a prop] degree ( f95ess1 are rais$ to a suffici5t temp]ature & br\ght into intimate contact ) atmosph]ic air4 ,x w be obvi\s !n t ! mo/ effective me?od ( roa/+ w be "o t enables ! p>ticles to be ?or\ghly oxidis$ at ! l[e/ co/ 9 fuel & 9 ! mo/ rapid mann]4 ,! roa/+ processes 9 practical use may be divid$ into ?ree categories3 ,fir/ or ,process ,a4--,roa/+ on a horizontal & /ation>y he>?1 ! flame pass+ ov] a mass ( ore re/+ on su* he>?4 ,9 ord] to expose ! upp] surface ( ! ore to contact ) air ! mat]ial is turn$ ov] by manual lab\r4 ,?is furnace ( ! rev]b]atory type is provid$ ) side op5+s by :i* ! turn+ ov] ( ! ore c be manually effect$1 & ! new ore c be *>g$ & aft]w>ds )drawn4 ,second or ,process ,b4--,roa/+ 9 a revolv+ he>? plac$ at a slightly incl9$ angle f ! horizontal4 ,! furnace is ( cyl9drical =m1 & is int]nally l9$ ) refractory mat]ial4 ,x has projections t cause ! p[d]$ ore to be lift$ above ! flame1 &1 at a c]ta9 height1 to fall ?r\gh ! flame & s be rapidly rais$ to ! temp]ature requir$ to effect ! oxidation ( ! oxidisable m9]als :i* x is desir$ to extract4 ,! rate1 or spe$1 ( revolution ( ?is revolv+ furnace obvi\sly dep5ds ^u ! "* ( ! ore "u treatm5t2 x may v>y f two revolutions p] m9ute d[n to "o revolution 9 ?irty m9utes4 ,any k9d ( fuel is available1 b t ( a gase\s "* is /at$ to be by f> ! mo/ effici5t4 ,any ord9>y cyl9d] ( a l5g? ( #be ft41 & a diamet] ( #d ft4 #f 941 incl9$ #a ft4 #f 94 9 its l5g?1 w calc9e f #bd to #dh tons p] diem4 ,ano!r =m ( rotat+ furnace is "o 9 :i* ! axis is horizontal4 ,x is mu* %ort] ?an ! incl9$ type1 & ! fe$+ & removal ( ! ore is effect$ by ! op5+ ( a retort lid door provid$ at ! side ( ! furnace4 ,op5+s provid$ at ea* end ( ! furnace p]mit ! passage ( ! flame ?r\gh x1 & ! revolution ( ! furnace turns ov] ! p[d]$ ore & br+s x into m or less su/a9$ contact is cont9u$ suffici5tly long to ensure ! m or less complete oxidation ( ! ore p>ticles4 ,?ird or ,process ,c4--,9 ?is process ! p[d]$ ore is all[$ to fall 9 a %[] f a consid]able height1 ?r\gh ! c5tre ( a v]tical %aft up :i* a flame asc5ds2 ! p[d]$ ore 9 fall+ ?r\gh ! flame is heat$ to an oxidis+ temp]ature1 & ! sulphides are ?us deplet$ ( _! sulphur & become oxides4 ,ano!r modification ( ?is direct fall or %aft furnace is t 9 :i* ! fall ( ! ore is *eck$ by cross-b>s or incl9$ plates plac$ across ! %aft2 ?is causes a long] oxidis+ exposure ( ! ore p>ticles4 ,:5 ! sulphur cont5ts ( pyrit\s ores are suffici5tly high1 & aft] ! ore has be5 initially fir$ ) auxili>y c>bonace\s fuel1 x is unnecess>y1 9 a prop]ly design$ roa/+ furnace1 to add fuel to ! ore to enable ! heat = oxidation to be obta9$4 ,! oxidation or burn+ ( ! sulphur w provide all ! heat necess>y to ma9ta9 ! cont9uity ( ! process4 ,! temp]ature necess>y = effect+ ! elim9ation ( bo? sulphur & ars5ic is n high] ?an t equival5t to dull r$ heat2 & provid$ t !re is a suffici5t mass ( ore ma9ta9$ 9 ! furnace1 ! pot5tial heat result+ f ! oxidation ( ! sulphur w alone be adequate to provide all t is necess>y to effect ! calc9ation4 ,,types ,,( ,,furnaces ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,classes ,,t ,,are ,,9 ,,actual ,,use4 8,a0 ,,or ,rev]b]atory ,class4 ,! con/ruction ( ?is furnace has already be5 suffici5tly describ$4 ,if ! roa/+ is p]=m$ 9 a muffle *amb]1 ! arrangem5t employ$ by ,messrs4 ,lea* & ,neal1 ,limit$1 ( ,d]by1 & design$ by ,mr4 ,b4 ,h4 ,?waite1 ,c4,e41 c be advantage\sly employ$ 9 ?is furnace1 :i* is fir$ ) gase\s fuel4 ,! s5sible heat ( ! wa/e gases is utilis$ to heat ! air employ$ = combu/ion2 & by a controllable arrangem5t ( combu/ion1 a flame ( ov] #ajj feet 9 l5g? is obta9$1 ) ! result t ! furnace f end to end is ma9ta9$ at a uni=m temp]ature4 ,by ?is sy/em1 & ) gase\s fuel fir+1 a v consid]able economy 9 fuel & 9 repairs to furnace1 & a sup]ior roa/+ effect1 h be5 obta9$4 ,:]e ! ord9>y rev]b]atory he>? is fir$ ) solid coal f an end grate1 ! temp]ature is at its maximum ne> ! fir+ end1 & tails (f at ! extreme gas outlet end4 ,! ores 9 ?is furnace %\ld !re=e be f$ 9 at ! cold] end ( ! he>? & be gradually work$ or 8rabbl$0 =w>d to ! fir+ end4 ,"o disadvantage ( ! rev]b]atory furnace is ! fact t x is impossible to avoid ! incursion ( air dur+ ! manual rabbl+ action1 & ?is t5ds to cool ! furnace4 ,! co/ ( roa/+1 to obta9 ! m or less complete oxidation1 or :at is kn[n 9 m9+ p>lance z a 8sweet roa/0 7because a p]fectly roa/$ ore is ne>ly od\rless7 v>ies consid]ably1 ! v>iation dep5d+ ( c\rse ^u ! "* ( ! ore & ! co/ ( lab\r & fuel4 ,!re are sev]al modifications ( ! rev]b]atory furnace 9 use1 design$ me*anically to effect ! rabbl+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful is t kn[n z ! ,horse-%oe furnace4 ,9 plan ! he>? ( ! furnace resembles a horse-%oe4 ,! /irr+ ( ! ore ov] ! he>? is effect$ by means ( c>riages fix$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! furnace & hav+ lat]ally project+ arms1 c>ry+ /irr]s1 t move along ! he>? & turn ov] ! pulv]is$ ore4 ,9 op]ation1 half ! c>riages are trav]s+ ! furnace1 & half are re/+ 9 ! cool+ space1 s t a control ov] ! temp]ature ( ! /irr]s is e/abli%$4 ,?is furnace is /at$ to be m economical 9 lab\r ?an o!r me*anically /irr$ rev]b]atory furnaces1 & !re is also said to be an economy 9 fuel4 ,usually ! me*anical /irr+ furnaces give tr\ble & %\ld be avoid$1 b ! horse-%oe type possesses qualifications wor?y ( consid]ation4 8,b40 ,! ,revolv+ ,cyl9d] ,furnace4 ,( ^! "s ( ! be/ kn[n to me are3 ,! ,h[ell-,:ite1 ,! ,brckn]1 ,! ,?waite-,d5ny1 & ! ,moleswor?4 ,! ,brckn] is a cyl9d]1 turn+ on its horizontal axis & c>ri$ by f\r roll]s4 ,! bat* ( ore usually *>g$ into ! two *>g+ hopp]s weighs ab\t f\r tons4 ,:5 ! two *>g+ doors are br\ght "u ! hopp] m\?1 ! cont5ts ( ! hopp] fall directly into ! cyl9d]4 ,! ends or ?roats ( ! furnace are r$uc$ j suffici5tly to all[ ! flame evolv$ f a grat$ furnace to pass completely ?r\gh ! cyl9d]4 ,a *>act]i/ic size = ?is ,brckn] furnace is "o hav+ a l5g? ( #ab feet & a diamet] ( #f feet4 ,a furnace ( ?is capacity w h an inclusive weight 7iron & brickwork7 ( #ae tons4 ,! "t ( op]ation1 ) ! ,brckn]1 w v>y ) ! "* ( ! ore "u treatm5t & ! nature ( ! fuel employ$4 ,f\r h\rs is ! m9imum & twelve h\rs %\ld be ! maximum "t ( op]ation4 ,by ! addition ( common salt ) ! bat* ( ore1 su* ( its con/itu5ts z are am5able to ! action ( *lor9e are *lor9at$ z well z fre$ f sulphur4 ,:]e ! ore conta9s any consid]able quantity ( silv] :i* %\ld be sav$1 ! addition ( ! salt is necess>y z ! silv] is v liable to become s oxidis$ 9 ! process ( roa/+ z to r5d] its aft] treatm5t almo/ impossible4 ,i "k a case 9 po9t :]e an av]age ( ne>ly five ounces ( silv] to ! ton1 at t "t wor? #cjs41 0 lo/ ow+ to ignorance on ?is subject4 ,_h ! ore be5 calc9$ ) salt1 ,na,cl1 ! bulk ( ?is silv] w\ld h be5 amalgamat$ & ?us sav$4 ,x 0 ! extraord9>y f95ess ( ! gold sav$ by amalgamation z aga9/ my te/s ( ! ore by fire assay t put me on ! track ( a mo/ indef5sible loss4 ,! ,h[ell-,:ite ,furnace4--,?is furnace consi/s ( a ca/ iron revolv+ cyl9d]1 av]ag+ #be feet 9 l5g? & #d ft4 #d 94 9 diamet]1 :i* revolves on f\r friction roll]s1 re/+ on truck :eels1 rotat$ by ord9>y ge>+4 ,! p[] requir$ = effect+ ! revolution %\ld n exce$ f\r indicat$ horse-p[]4 ,! cyl9d] is int]nally l9$ ) firebrick1 project+ pieces caus+ ! p[d]$ ore to be rais$ ov] ! flame ?r\gh :i* x %[]s1 & is !reby subject$ to ! influ5ce ( heat & to direct contact oxidation4 ,! incl9ation ( ! cyl9d]1 :i* is v>iable1 promotes ! gradual desc5sion ( ! ore f ! high] to ! l[] end4 ,x is f$ into ! upp] end1 by a special =m ( fe$ hopp]1 & is dis*>g$ into a pit at ! l[] end1 f :i* ! ore c be )drawn at any "t4 ,! gross weight ( ?is furnace1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 made 9 segm5ts to be aft]w>ds bolt$ toge!r1 is "s n9ety to "o hundr$ tons4 ,! furnace is fir$ ) coal on a grat$ he>?1 built at ! l[] end2 x is m economical bo? 9 fuel & 9 lab\r ?an an ord9>y rev]b]atory furnace4 ,! ,?waite-,d5ny ,revolv+ ,furnace4--,?is new type ( furnace1 :i* is fir$ ) gase\s fuel1 is /at$ to comb9e ! advantages ( ! ,/etefeldt1 ! ,h[ell-,:ite1 & ! ,brckn]4 ,x is con/ruct$ z foll[s3--,?ree %ort cyl9d]s1 conical 9 %ape & ( graduat$ dim5sions1 are sup]pos$ "o ov] ! o!r1 _! ends t]m9at+ 9 two v]tical %afts ( brickwork1 by :i* ! ?ree cyl9d]s are connect$4 ,! p[d]$ ore is f$ into ! upp]mo/ cyl9d] & gravitates ?r\gh ! s]ies4 ,! highe/ cyl9d] is ! l>ge/ 9 diamet]1 ! l[e/ ! smalle/4 ,! gas flame1 burnt 9 a ,buns5 arrangem5t1 ent]s ! smalle/ end ( ! l[e/ cyl9d] & passes ?r\gh x2 !n returns ?r\gh ! int]m$iate cyl9d] above x1 be+ direct$ by ! brickwork %aft--f "o cyl9d] to ! o!r--till f9ally ! gases fl[ ?r\gh ! topmo/ cyl9d] & ent] into a du/ deposit+ *amb]4 ,! gases evolv$ increase z ! flame fl[s ?r\gh ! s]ies & ! ore is r$uc$ by ! expulsion ( its sulphur1 ars5ic1 c41 z x desc5ds f ! top to ! bottom4 ,! top cyl9d] is made l>g] ?an ! "o bel[ x & ! middle cyl9d] is made l>g] ?an ! l[e/ "o 9 proportion to ! increas$ bulk ( gases & ore4 ,! p[d]$ ore 9 desc5d+ ?r\gh ! cyl9d]s is lift$ up & %[]s ?r\gh ! flame1 fall+ 9 its desc5t a di/ance ( ov] #ajjj feet4 ,by ! "t x rea*es ! bottom ! ore is ?or\ghly roa/$4 ,provision is made = ! introduction ( sep>ate supplies ( air & gas into ea* cyl9d]2 ?is enables ! oxidis+ treatm5t to be controll$ exactly z desir$ s z to effect ! be/ results ) all k9ds ( ore4 ,ea* cyl9d] is driv5 f its own indep5d5t ge>+1 & ! spe$ ( ea* cyl9d] c be v>i$ at w4 ,! output ( ?is type ( furnace1 ! op]ations ( :i* appe> to be m controllable ?an ^? ( simil> appliances1 dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! nature ( ! ore1 b may be consid]$ to range )9 ! limits ( twelve to fifty tons 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ! co/ ( roa/+ w v>y f #bs4 #f;d4 to #ds4 p] ton1 dep5d+ ^u ! quality ( ore & ( fuel4 ,! gase\s fuel g5]at+ sy/em p]mits n only ! absolute control ov] ! temp]ature 9 ! furnace1 b ! use ( ! commone/ k9ds ( coal1 & ev5 *>coal is available4 ,! p[] requir$ to drive ! ,?waite-,d5ny furnace is f\r indicat$ horse-p[]4 ,! ,moleswor? ,furnace also is a revolv+ cyl9drical appliance1 :i*1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 is 9 _m respects novel & +5i\s4 ,x consi/s ( a slightly cone-%ap$1 ca/-iron cyl9d] ab\t f\rte5 feet long1 ! outlet end be+ ! l>g] to all[ = ! expansion ( ! gases4 ,int]nal /uds are s arrang$ z to keep ! ore agitat$2 & spiral flanges convey x to ! outlet end cont9ually1 %oot+ x across ! cyl9d]4 ,! cyl9d] is encas$ 9 a brick furnace4 ,! fir+ is provid$ f outside1 ! inv5tor ma9ta9+ t ! products ( combu/ion are inimical to rapid oxidisation1 to specially promote :i* he introduces an excess ( oxyg5 produc$ 9 a small retort set 9 ! ro( ( ! furnace & f$ f "t to "t ) small quantities ( nitrate ( soda & sulphuric acid4 ,ores conta9+ mu* sulphur virtually calc9e !mselves4 ,i h se5 ?is appliance do+ good "w4 ,! difficulties appe>$ to be pr9cipally me*anical4 ,!re are o!r furnaces :i* "w ) outside heat1 b ,i h n se5 !m 9 action4 8,c40--,%aft ,type ( ,furnace4 ,9 "o =m ( ?is furnace1 in/ead ( all[+ ! ore to desc5d 9 a direct cle> fall ! desc5t is imp$$ by incl9$ planes plac$ at diff]5t levels 9 ! height ( ! %aft1 ! ore desc5d+ f "o plane to ! o!r4 ,! ,/etefeldt ,%aft ,furnace4--,al?\gh v exp5sive 9 fir/ co/1 has _m advantages4 ,no motive p[] is requir$ & ! /ructure ( ! furnace is ( a durable "*4 ,its disadvantages are3--,want ( control1 & ! occasionally imp]fect "* ( ! roa/+ orig9at+ !refrom4 ,?ree sizes ( ,/etefeldt's furnaces are con/ruct$3 ,! l>ge/ w roa/ f #dj to #hj tons p] diem4 ,! int]m$iate 0 0 #bj 0 #dj 0 0 0 ,! smalle/ 0 0 #aj 0 #bj 0 0 0 ,a good furnace %\ld br+ d[n ! sulphur cont5ts ev5 ( conc5trates s z to be innocu\s to m]curic amalgamation4 ,! sulphur left 9 ! ore %\ld nev] be all[$ to exce$ two p] c5t4 ,a =ty p] c5t4 pyrit\s or o!r sulphide ore %\ld be roa/$ 9 a revolv+ furnace 9 ?irty to =ty m9utes1 & )\t any auxili>y fuel4 ,= ord9>y purposes a #dj-;foot *imney is adequate = furnace "w2 su* a *imney f\r feet squ>e inside at ! base1 tap]+ to #b' #f0 at ! summit1 w require #ab1jjj r$ bricks1 & #aejj fire-bricks = an int]nal l9+ to a height ( #ab feet f ! base ( ! *imney %aft4 ,:5 second-h& ,lanca%ire or ,corni% boil] flues are available1 !y make admirable & inexp5sive *imneys4 ,! advantage ( wr\ght-iron or /eel *imneys lies 9 ! conv5i5ce ( removal & erection4 ,!y %\ld be made 9 sections ( #bj feet long1 ?ree /eel wire guy-ropes atta*$ to a r+1 rivet$ to a r+ two-?irds ( ! height ( ! *imney1 & atta*$ to holdfa/s driv5 into ! gr\nd2 tight5+ c\pl+s %\ld be provid$ = ea* wire4 ,flue du/ deposit+ *amb]s %\ld be built 9 ! l9e ( ! flues betwe5 ! furnace & ! *imney2 !y consi/ simply ( c>efully built brick *amb]s1 ) op5+s to enable workm5 to ent] & rapidly cle> away ! deposit$ matt]s4 ,! *amb]s1 ?ree or f\r times ! cross sectional area ( ! *imney flue1 & t5 to tw5ty feet long1 c be built ( brickwork1 set 9 cem5t2 ! walls are provid$ ) a cavity1 fill$ ) s& or ,portl& cem5t1 s t !re w be no dang] ( ! incursion ( air4 ,9 all furnace "w ! greate/ possible precautions %\ld be tak5 to prev5t ! lea/ crack+ ( ei!r jo9ts or bricks4 ,x is surpris+ h[ mu* ! inadequate draft ( a good *imney is due to cracks or orifices 9 ! flues2 & !re=e a compet5t furnace-man %\ld see to x t 8 flues are ?or\ghly s\nd1 & free f op5+s ?r\gh :i* ! air c ent]4#b #b ,= full details ( ! mo/ rec5t improvem5ts 9 ! cyanide process & 9 o!r me?ods ( extraction1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,dr4 ,t4 ,k4 ,rose's 8,metallurgy ( ,gold10 ?ird edition4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,motor ,,p[] ,,& ,,its ,,transmission ,x is unnecess>y to describe ! me?ods by :i* p[] = m9+ purposes has be5 obta9$--t is1 up to )9 ! la/ five ye>s--beyond a g5]al /atem5t1 t :5 wat] p[] has be5 available 9 ! imm$iate locality ( ! m9e1 ?is *eap natural s\rce ( p[] has be5 call$ ^u to d duty4 ,/eam has be5 ! alt]native ag5t ( p[] production appli$ 9 _m diff]5t ways1 b lab\r+ "u z _m disadvantages1 *ief ( :i* are lack ( wat]1 sc>city ( fuel & co/ ( transit ( ma*9]y4 ,sometimes cond5s+ /eam-eng9es h be5 employ$4 ,= ! g5]ation ( /eam ! semi-portable & semi-tubul> h be5 ! type ( boil] t has mo/ usually be5 br\ght into s]vice4 ,ne$less to say1 :5 highly m9]alis$ m9e wat] only is available ! adoption ( ?is class ( boil] is att5d$ ) any?+ b satisfactory results4 ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 !re is /rong evid5ce t :]e /eam is ! p[] ag5t to be employ$ ! wat]-tube type ( boil] is likely to be employ$1 & to ! exclusion ( all o!r =ms ( app>atus = ! g5]ation ( /eam4 ,! advantages ( ?is type1 p>ticul>ly ! tubul\s =m 7or a small wat] tube71 made z x is 9 sections1 (f]s unrivall$ facilities = transport s]vice4 ,! heavie/ p>ts ne$ n exce$ #c cwt4 9 weight1 & require nei!r heavy nor yet exp5sive brickwork f\ndations4 ,,wat]less ,,p[]4 ,! difficulties 9 f9d+ wat] to drive a /eam plant are (t5 ( su* a s]i\s "* z to involve ! ab&onm5t ( _m payable m9es2 !re=e1 a motive p[] t does n require ! aque\s ag5t w be a welcome boon4 ,x w be a s\rce ( gratification to _m a gold-claim hold] to "k t practical sci5ce has enabl$ motive p[] to be produc$ )\t ! necessity ( wat]1 except a c]ta9 v small quantity1 :i* once suppli$ w n require to be r5ew$1 unless to comp5sate = ! loss due to atmosph]ic evaporation4 ,any c>bonace\s fuel1 su* z1 say1 lignite1 coal1 or *>coal1 c be employ$4 ,! latt] c be easily produc$ by ! me?od describ$ 9 ! ,*apt] on 8,rules ( ,?umb10 or by build+ a kiln by pil+ toge!r a numb] ( trunks ( trees1 or fairly l>ge-siz$ bran*es1 cut s t !y c be built up 9 a compact =m4 ,! pile1 aft] be+ cov]$ ) e>?1 is !n light$ f ! base1 & if !re are no inlets = ! air except ! limit$ proportion requir$ = ! sm\ld]+ fire at ! base1 ! :ole ( ! timb] w be gradually c>bonis$ to *>coal ( good quality1 :i* is available = ! wat]less p[] plant4 ,! wat]less p[] plant consi/s ( two divisions3 ,fir/1 a gas g5]at+ plant2 secondly1 an int]nal combu/ion or gas eng9e 9 :i* ! gas is burnt1 produc+ by !rmo-dynamic action ! motive p[] requir$4 ,! sy/em kn[n z ! ,?waite ,p[] ,gas ,sy/em is n only practically indep5d5t ( ! use ( wat]1 b its effici5cy 9 conv]t+ fuel heat into "w is s high t no exi/+ /eam plant w be able to compete ) x4 ,! weight ( raw timb]1 aft]w>ds to be conv]t$ into *>coal1 t w be requir$ to produce an effective horse-p[] = "o h\r equals #g lb4 ,if coal is ! fuel #a lb4 p] ,e4 ,h4 ,p4 = "o h\r's run4 ,if lignite 0 #b 0 0 0 ,! plant is simple to "w1 & z no /eam boil] is requir$ ! dang] ( explosions is remov$4 ,no exp5sive *imney is necess>y = ! wat]less p[] plant4 ,:]e petroleum oil c be *eaply obta9$1 say = twop5ce p] gallon1 "o ( ! ,otto ,cycle ,oil ,eng9es1 = p[]s up to #bj indicat$ horse-p[]1 c be advantage\sly employ$4 ,^! eng9es h ! advantage ( be+ a self-conta9$ p[]1 requir+ nei!r *imney nor /eam boil]1 & may be said to be a wat]less p[]4 ,! objection is ! necessity to rely ^u oil z fuel1 & ! dang]s att5d+ ! /orage ( oil4 ,a good oil eng9e %\ld n require to use m ?an a p9t ( ref9$ petroleum p] indicat$ horse-p[] work+ = "o h\r4 ,=tunately = ! m9+ indu/ry electricity1 t magic & my/]i\s ag5cy1 has come to its assi/ance1 9 p]mitt+ motive p[] to be transmitt$ ov] di/ances ( ev5 z mu* z #ajj miles ) comp>atively little loss ( ! orig9al p[] en]gy4 ,giv51 t on a coal or lignite field1 or at a wat]fall1 #ajj horse-p[] is develop$ by ! combu/ion ( fuel or by ! fall ( wat] driv+ a turb9e1 ?is p[] c be electrically transmitt$ to a m9e or ,,gr\p ,,( ,,m9es1 say #ajj miles away1 ) only a loss ( "s #cj horse-p[]4 ,= tw5ty miles ! loss on transmission %\ld n exce$ #ae horse-p[]1 s t #gj & #he horse-p[] respectively are available at ! m9es4 ,no o!r sy/em (f]s su* rem>kable effici5cies ( p[] transmission4 ,! new ,multiphase ,alt]nat+ ,electric ,g5]at+ & ,p[] ,transmission ,sy/em is inde$ s p]fect z to leave practically no m>g9 = improvem5t4 ,! multiphase electric motor c be directly appli$ to ! /amp batt]y & ore-break] driv+-%aft & to ! %aft ( ! amalgamat+ pans4 ,approximate ,p[] ,requir$ to ,drive ! ,ma*9]y ( a ,m9e4 ,rock break] #aj effective horse-p[] ,amalgamat+ pan #e 0 0 ,gr9d+ pan #f 0 0 ,s+le /amp ( #gej lb4 dropp+ #ij times p] m9ute #abe 0 0 ,settl]s #d 0 0 ,ord9>y hoi/+ lift #bj 0 0 ,all[ #aj p] c5t4 9 addition = ov]com+ friction4 ,besides ?is electrical di/ribut+ p[]1 :i* %\ld n co/ m ?an ?ree f>?+s p] effective horse-p[] p] h\r1 ! electrical en]gy c be employ$ = light+ ! drives & ! %afts ( ! m9e4 ,! mod]n electrical m9e lamps leave little to be desir$4 ,also x is anticipat$ t once ! few exi/+ difficulties h be5 surm\nt$ electric drill+ w supplant all o!r me?ods4 ,electric p[] c be employ$ = pump+1 = %ot fir+1 = haul+1 & = innum]able purposes 9 a m9e4 ,electricity l5ds itself mo/ advantage\sly to s _m & v>i$ processes1 ev5 9 accel]at+ ! influ5ce ( cyanide solutions on gold1 & 9 effect+ ! magnetic influ5ce on metallic p>ticles 9 sep>at+ processes2 :ile appli$ to haulage purposes1 ei!r on arial l9es 7,fig4 #bf7 or on tram or railroads1 x is an imm$iate & /rik+ success4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,,electrical ,a,,rial ,,tramway4 ,x is anticipat$ t 9 ! ne> future ! m9es on ! ,r&1 ,s\? ,africa1 w be electrically driv5 f a coalfield g5]at+ /ation locat$ on ! coalfields "s ?irty miles f ,johannesburg4 ,su* a plant made up ( small multiples ( highly effici5t ma*9es w enable m9e-own]s to obta9 a reliable p[] to any ext5t at imm$iate comm& & at a reasonable *>ge 9 proportion to ! p[] us$4 ,?is :olesale supply ( p[] w be a gods5d to a new field1 enabl+ ! op5+ up to be greatly exp$it$2 & no climatic difficulties1 su* z dry seasons1 or floods1 ne$ int]f]e ) ! regul> runn+ ( ! ma*9]y4 ,! same sy/em ( p[]-g5]ation at a c5tral /ation is to be appli$ to supply p[] to ! m9es ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,company ,,=mation ,,& ,,op]ations ,all ! _w ov]1 ! op]ation ( w9n+ f ! soil & r5d]+ m>ketable ! _m valuable ores & m9e products :i* ab\nd is daily becom+ m & m a sci5tific bus9ess :i* _c be too c>efully ent]$ into or too skilfully conduct$4 ,! days ( ! dolly & w9dlass1 ( ! puddl]1 cradle1 & t9 di%1 are rapidly rec$+2 & m9+1 ei!r 9 lode or alluvial work+1 is be+ m g5]ally recognis$ z "o ( ! exact sci5ces4 ,9 ! pa/1 m9+ has be5 c>ri$ on 9 a v haphaz>d fa%ion1 to :i* mu* ( its non-success may be attribut$4 ,b ! dawn ( bett] days has arriv$1 & ) ! adv5t ( s*ools ( m9es & te*nical colleges !re w 9 future be less excuse = ignorance 9 ?is mo/ important indu/ry4 ,?is *apt] w be devot$ to ,company =mation & work+1 9 :i* mi/akes lead+ to v s]i\s consequ5ces daily occur4 ,x is n necess>y to g deeply into ! "q :y1 9 ! m9+ indu/ry m ?an any o!r1 x %\ld be deem$ desirable z a g5]al rule to c>ry on op]ations by means ( public ,companies1 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 few names c be m5tion$ ( m5 :o m9e ext5sively s+le h&$4 ,yet1 risky z x is1 m9+ is h>dly m s ?an1 say1 pa/oral pursuits1 9 :i* private individuals risk1 & (t5 lose or make1 enorm\s sums ( money4 ,9 float+ ,m9+ ,companies ! fir/ mi/ake usually made is n provid+ suffici5t work+ capital = meet+ all necess>y exp5ses until p]man5t pr(its are realisable4 ,?is neglect has caus$ ! sacrifice ( _m good prop]ties4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! ,companies are (t5 float$ fully paid up1 b ! same initial error ( provid+ too little money = ! equipm5t & effective work+ ( ! m9e is usually fall5 into4 ,aga91 f> too _m ,companies are float$ on ! report ( plausible1 ignorant individuals pos+ z m9+ exp]ts4 ,^! m5 acquire a few geological & m9+ phrases1 & by m or less skilfully int]l>d+ ^! ) /atem5ts ( l>ge lodes & big returns !y supply reports s$uctive en\gh to float ! mo/ wor?less prop]ties & cause ! wa/e ( ?\s&s ( p\nds4 ,b ! tr\ble does n end "h4 ,:5 ! ,company is to be =m$1 "s lawy]1 compet5t or o!rwise1 is in/ruct$ to prep>e articles ( association1 rules1 c41 :i*1 ?ree times out ( f\r1 is accompli%$ by a lib]al employm5t ( scissors & pa/e4 ,su* rules may or may n be suit$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! organisation4 ,g5]ally no "o tr\bles mu* ab\t ! matt]1 ?\gh on ^! rules dep5ds ! future effici5t work+ ( ! ,company1 & sometimes its v exi/5ce4 ,!n ,directors h to be appo9t$1 & ^! are seldom select$ because ( any special k ( m9+ !y may possess1 b z a rule simply because !y are l>ge %>ehold]s or prom95t m5 ^: names look well 9 a prospectus4 ,^! g5tlem5 =?) engage a ,secret>y1 usually on ! gr\nds t he is ! p]son :o has t5d]$ l[e/1 to provide (fice accommodation & keep ! acc\nts2 & n f any p>ticul> k he has ( ! true requirem5ts ( ! position4 ,! way 9 :i* "s ,directors contrive to sp5d _! %>ehold]s' money is humor\sly comm5t$ on by a ,we/ralian pap] :i* describes a great ma*9]y consignm5t l&$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,b\ld] ,kalgoorlie4 8,x w\ld seem z if ! pur*as] _h be5 let loose bl9dfold 9 a prehi/oric mat]ial f\nd]'s old iron y>d1 & hav+ b\ght up ! :ole /ock1 _h %ipp$ x (f4 ,! feature ( ! entire ant$iluvian %[ is ! lib]al all[ance ( mat]ial devot$ to de/ruction4 ,massive kibbles1 su* z 7 us$ 9 coal m9es half a c5tury ago1 are arrang$ alongside a w9d+ eng9e1 built 9 ! middle ( ! c5tury1 & evid5tly design$ = haul+ ! kibbles f a dep? ( #ajjj feet4 ,no?+ less ?an horse p[] w /ir ! trucks = und]gr\nd use1 & _! design is di/9ctly ( ! antique type4 ,! eng9e is built to correspond--( a k9d t might h s]v$ to raise into position ! pill>s ( ,baalbec1 & ! mass ( metal 9 x fairly raises a blu% to ! iron *eek ( frail] mod]n con/ructions4 ,! "o gr& use to :i* ?is mon/] c\ld be put w\ld be to employ x z a k$ge = ! ,au/ralian cont95t 9 ! ev5t ( x dragg+ its pres5t an*ors & drift+ d[n s\?1 b z mod]n m9+ ma*9]y ! :ole consignm5t is wor? no m ?an its value z scrap-iron1 :i* 9 its pres5t position is a fraction or two less ?an no?+40 ,next a man to manage ! m9e has to be obta9$1 & "s "o is plac$ 9 *>ge1 ( ^: capabilities ! ,directors h no direct k4 ,be+ pr(\ndly ignorant ( practical m9+ !y are incompet5t to exam9e him z to 8 qualifications1 or to *eck 8 mode ( work+1 s z to asc]ta9 :e!r he is act+ rightly or n4 ,all !y h to rely on are "s c]tificates (t5 too c>elessly giv5 & too easily obta9$4 ,f9ally1 q a l>ge proportion ( ! allottees ( %>es h m]ely appli$ = !m ) ! int5tion ( sell+ out on ! fir/ opportunity at a premium1 h5ce !y h no special int]e/ 9 ! actual work+ ( ! m9e4 ,n[ let u look at ! prospects ( ! ,association ?us =m$4 ,! legal ,manag] or ,secret>y1 (t5 a "y & inexp]i5c$ man1 kn[s little m ?an h[ to keep an ord9>y set ( books1 & n always t4 ,he is q ignorant ( ! actual requirem5ts ( ! m9e1 or :at is a fair price to pay = lab\r1 appliances1 or mat]ial4 ,he _c *eck ! exp5diture ( ! ,m9+ ,manag]1 :o may be a rogue or a fool or bo?1 = we h _h samples ( all sorts to our sorr[4 ,! ,directors are 9 l case4 ,ev5 :]e ! in=mation is hone/ly suppli$1 !y _c judge :e!r ! "w is be+ prop]ly c>ri$ out or is co/+ a fair price1 & ! ,m9+ ,manag] is left to 8 own devices1 ) no "o to *eck him nor any ) :om he c consult 9 specially difficult cases4 ,?us matt]s drift to ! almo/ c]ta9 conclusion ( volunt>y or compulsory w9d+ up2 & s _m a good prop]ty is ru9$1 & promis+ m9es1 :i* h nev] _h a reasonable trial1 are condemn$ z wor?less4 ,b let u ask1 w\ld any o!r bus9ess1 ev5 su* z are less subject to un=ese5 vicissitudes ?an m9+1 succe$ "u simil> circum/ances8 ,x is n[ v g5]ally agre$ t to ! pr(itable developm5t ( m9+1 new c\ntries at all ev5ts mu/ look ma9ly = prosp]ity :ile o!r indu/ries are gr[+4 ,!re=e1 we _c too s]i\sly consid] h[ we may soone/ make our m9es successful4 ,:at is ! rem$y = ! unsatisfactory /ate ( affairs we h exp]i5c$8 ,! answ] is a m practical sy/em ( work+ f ! inception4 ,al?\gh x may evoke "s diff]5ce ( op9ion ,i consid] x bo? ju/ifiable & desirable t ! ,/ate %\ld take "s ov]sight ( m9+ matt]s1 at lea/ 9 ! case ( public ,companies4 ,x w\ld be a salut>y rule t ! promot]s ( any m9+ und]tak+ %\ld1 be=e !y are all[$ to place x on ! m>ket1 obta9 & pay = ! s]vices ( a compet5t ,gov]nm5t ,m9+ ,inspector1 :o ne$ n necess>ily be a ,gov]nm5t (fic]1 b might1 l lic5s$ surveyors1 be grant$ a c]tificate ( compet5cy ei!r by a ,s*ool ( ,m9es or by "s qualifi$ ,bo>d ( ,exam9]s4 ,! c]tificate ( su* ,inspector t ! prop]ty 0 z repres5t$ %\ld be giv5 be=e ! prospectus 0 issu$4 ,x is arguable :e!r ev5 fur!r ov]sight might n prop]ly be tak5 by ! ,/ate1 & ! report ( a qualifi$ (fic] be compulsory t ! prop]ty 0 reasonably wor? ! value plac$ ^u x 9 ! prospectus4 ,probably x w be cont5d$ t su* re/rictions w\ld be an undue int]f]5ce ) private rights1 & ! old aphorism ab\t a fool & 8 folly w be quot$4 ,!re are d\btless fools s infatuat$ t if !y 7 bray$ 9 a t5 hundr$-weight /amp batt]y ! fooli%ness t _h n dep>t$ f !m w\ld give a highly payable p]c5tage to ! ton4 ,yet ! ,/ate 9 o!r matt]s tries by num]\s laws to protect su* f _! folly4 ,a man may n sell a load ( wood )\t ! c]tificate f a lic5s$ weighbridge nor a loaf ( bread )\t1 if requir$1 hav+ to prove its weight2 & we s5d ^? to gaol :o practice on ! cr$ulity & cupidity ( fools by means ( ! 8confid5ce trick40 ,:y n1 !re=e1 :]e int]e/s :i* may be said to be national are involv$1 endeav\r to ensure fair deal+8 ,!n ) reg>d to ! m5 :o are to manage our m9es1 see+ t a man may n become capta9 or mate ( a riv] /eamboat )\t "s c]tificate ( compet5cy1 nor drive h] eng9es be=e he has pass$ an exam9ation to prove 8 fitness1 surely x is n too mu* to say t ! m9e manag] or eng9e]1 to ^: c>e are (t5 confid$ ! lives ( hundr$s ( m51 & ! exp5diture ( ?\s&s ( p\nds1 %\ld be requir$ to obta9 a recognis$ diploma to prove 8 qualifications4 ,! exam9ations might be made comp>atively easy at fir/1 b aft]w>ds1 :5 by ! e/abli%m5t ( ,s*ools & ,m9es ! facilities h be5 af=d$ = m5 to ?or\ghly qualify1 ! /&>d %\ld be rais$2 & aft] a date to be fix$ no man %\ld be p]mitt$ to assume ! *>ge ( a m9e or become "o ( its (fic]s )\t a prop] c]tificate ( compet5cy f "s recognis$ ,s*ool ( ,m9es or ,te*nical ,college4 ,! effect ( su* a regulation w\ld 9 a few ye>s produce mo/ b5eficial results4 ,9 ,new ,zeal&1 ^: 8progressive0 legislature ,i d n g5]ally comm5d1 !y h1 9 ! matt] ( m9e managem5t1 at all ev5ts1 tak5 a /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,!re a m9e manag]1 be=e he obta9s 8 c]tificate1 mu/ h s]v$ at lea/ two ye>s und]gr\nd1 & has to pass ?r\gh a sev]e exam9ation1 la/+ = days1 9 all subjects relat+ to m9+ & ma*9]y connect$ ) m9+4 ,9 addition1 he mu/ prove 8 capacity by mak+ an und]gr\nd survey1 & !n plott+ 8 "w4 ,! exam9ation is a /iff "o1 z may be judg$ f ! fact t betwe5 #ahhf & #ahia1 only #bg c&idates pass$4 ,!n ! conditions 7 made easi]1 & f t date to #ahie1 #ai pass$4 ,( ! #df /ud5ts :o ga9$ fir/-class hon\rs1 #cj h left = ,s\? ,africa or ,au/ralia1 9 bo? ( :i* c\ntries ,new ,zeal& c]tificat$ m5 are held 9 high e/imation4 ,! result ( ! e/abli%m5t ( our own ,s*ool ( ,m9es 7,plate ,v47 has be5 to raise ! /&>d ( ! m9e (fic]1 :e!r manag]1 assay]1 eng9e]1 or 8und]gr\nd boss10 & our graduates h small difficulty 9 obta9+ positions bo? 9 ! /ates ( ! ,commonweal? & 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,! build+ alone co/ ne>ly #dj1jjj1 ( :i* #ae1jjj 0 donat$ by ! ,hon4 ,george ,brookman1 a successful m9+ man4 ,! m9+ & metallurgical c\rses ext5d ov] a p]iod ( f\r ye>s4 ,!re are also facilities = /ud5ts to ga9 high] qualifications1 viz41 ! ,fell[%ip 9 ,m9+1 ,metallurgy1 ,me*anical ,eng9e]+1 or ,electrical ,eng9e]+4 ,! ,s*ool works 9 conjunction ) ! ,adelaide ,univ]sity1 ea* in/itution tea*+ ! subjects = :i* x is specially qualifi$4 ,b return+ to ! =mation ( ! ,company1 c>e %\ld be tak5 9 appo9t+ ,directors t at lea/ "o memb] ( ! ,bo>d is select$ on acc\nt ( 8 special te*nical k ( m9+1 & o!rs = _! special bus9ess capacity4 ,! ornam5tal m5 ) high-s\nd+ names %\ld n be requir$ 9 legitimate v5tures4 ,also1 x is mo/ important t ! bus9ess ,manag] or ,secret>y %\ld be a ?or\ghly qualifi$ man1 :o by exp]i5ce has le>n$ :at are ! requirem5ts ( a m9e do+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( "w1 s t a prop] *eck may be kept on ! exp5ses4 ,! m ,companies su* a ,secret>y has 9 h& ! bett]1 z "o qualifi$ man c sup]vise a l>ge /aff ( cl]ks1 :o w\ld !mselves be qualify+ = simil> "w1 & ga9+ a useful & v>i$ exp]i5ce ( m9+ bus9ess4 ,an (fice ( ?is description hav+ *>ge ( a l>ge numb] ( m9es is1 9 its way1 a te*nical s*ool1 & lads tra9$ !re9 w\ld be 9 dem& z m9e purs]s1 a v responsible & necess>y (fic] 9 a big m9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4--,,s\? ,,au/ralian ,,s*ool ,,( ,,m9es ,,& ,,indu/ries ,to face p4 #aah ,) respect to ! m5 to :om ! actual m9+ & treatm5t ( ores & ma*9]y is committ$ ! greate/ mi/akes ( ! pa/ h be5 t too mu* has be5 requir$ f "o man4 ,! ,m9+ ,manag] has be5 expect$ to be a m9]1 metallurgi/1 eng9e]1 & bus9ess man1 a comb9ation n to be f\nd probably 9 "o man 9 a ?\s&4 ,su* ,admirable ,cri*tons are r>e 9 any pr(ession or bus9ess1 & t ( m9+ is no exception4 ,m5 :o pr(ess too mu* are to be di/ru/$4 ,y\r be/ m5 are !y :o conc5trate _! en]gies & intellects 9 special directions4 ,! ,m9+ ,manag] %\ld1 if possible1 be *os5 f m5 hold+ c]tificates ( compet5cy f "s te*nical m9+ s*ool &1 ( c\rse1 %\ld1 9 addition1 h "s practical exp]i5ce1 n necess>ily z ,head ,manag]4 ,he %\ld und]/& practical m9e survey+ & calculation ( quantities1 be able to dial & plot out 8 work+s1 & prep>e an intelligible plan !re( = ! use ( ! ,directors1 & %\ld und]/& suffici5t ( physics1 p>ticul>ly pneumatics & hydraulics1 to ensure ?or\ghly effici5t pump+ op]ations )\t loss ( p[] f unnecess>ily heavy appliances4 ,any o!r sci5tific k applicable to 8 bus9ess :i* he may h acquir$ w tell 9 8 fav\r1 b he mu/1 above all ?+s1 be a ?or\ghly practical man4 ,su* m5 w 9 "t be m readily procurable1 z /ud5ts :o h pass$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s ,s*ools ( ,m9es w be s5t to le>n _! bus9ess practically at ! m9es j z we n[1 hav+ giv5 a lad a c\rse ( naval in/ruction1 s5d him to sea to le>n ! practical "p ( 8 life's "w4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 m is want$ on a m9e ?an a man :o c direct ! s9k+ ( %afts1 driv+ ( levels1 & /op+ ( ! lode4 ,mu* loss & disappo9tm5t h result$ 9 ! pa/ f unsuitable1 ineffective1 or badly design$ & erect$ ma*9]y1 :e!r = work+ ! m9e or treat+ ! ores4 ,to obviate ?is defect a fir/-class m9+ eng9e] is requir$4 ,!n1 also1 day by day we are m surely le>n+ t m9+ 9 all its bran*es is a sci5ce1 & t ! treatm5t ( ores & extraction ( ! metals is daily becom+ m & m ! "w ( ! laboratory r ?an ( ! rule-(-?umb proc$ure ( ! pa/4 ,e m9e1 :e!r x be ( gold1 silv]1 t91 copp]1 or o!r metal1 requires ! sup]vision ( a ?or\ghly qualifi$ metallurgi/ & *emi/1 & "o :o is conv]sant ) ! newe/ processes = ! extraction ( ! metals f _! ores & matrices4 ,x has !n be5 /at$ t to ensure effective work+ ea* m9e requires1 9 addition to compet5t directors1 a bus9ess-manag]1 m9+-manag]1 & assi/ants1 eng9e]1 *emi/1 & metallurgi/1 ) assi/ant assay]s1 c41 all highly qualifi$ m54 ,b x w be ask$1 h[ are _m /ruggl+ m9es 9 sp>sely populat$ c\ntries to obta9 ! s]vices ( all ^! em95t sci5ti/s8 ,! reply is by co-op]ation4 ,"o ( ! mo/ ru9\s mi/akes ( ! pa/ has be5 t ea* little m9+ v5ture has />t$ on an indep5d5t c\rse1 ) diff]5t managem5t1 sep>ate ma*9]y1 c4 ,c x !n be wond]$ at t our gold-m9+ is n always successful8 ,"u a co-op]ative sy/em all t ea* individual m9e w\ld require w\ld be a qualifi$1 practical m9] capable ( op5+ & secur+ ! gr\nd 9 a m9]-l mann]1 & a good work+ eng9e]2 & 9 gold-m9+1 :]e ! gold is free 9 its matrix1 a pr(essional amalgamator1 or lixiviator4 ,= ! re/1 half a doz5 or m m9es may collectively reta9 ! s]vices ( a m9e manag] ( high atta9m5ts z g5]al inspector & sup]9t5d5t1 & ! same sy/em c\ld be adopt$ ) respect to an advis+ metallurgi/ & an eng9e]4 ,= gold1 z inde$ = o!r metals1 a c5tral extract+ works1 :]e ! ores c\ld be sci5tifically treat$ 9 quantity1 might be erect$ at jo9t co/1 or might easily be arrang$ = z a sep>ate bus9ess4 ,a v fruitful cause ( failure is ! fatu\s t5d5cy ( directors & m9e manag]s to adopt new processes & inv5tions simply because !y are new4 ,z an inv5tor 9 a small way myself1 & "o :o is always on ! wat* = improv$ me?ods1 ,i d n wi% to disc\rage intellig5t progress2 b ! greate/ c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ by ^? hav+ ! control ( ! money ( %>ehold]s 9 m9+ prop]ties be=e adopt+ any new ma*9]y or process4 ,we h se51 & un=tunately %all see1 _m a promis+ m9+ company br\ght to grief by ?is popul> error4 ,! directors ( m9+ companies might1 to use an ,am]ican say+1 8pa/e ?is 9 _! hats0 z a useful & safe aphorism4 8,let ,o!rs ,d ! ,exp]im5t+2 ,we ,are ,will+ to ,pay ,only ,= ,prov$ ,improvem5ts40 ,i c cordially endorse e ^w ( ! foll[+ extracts f ,messrs4 ,mc,dermott & ,duffield's admirable little "w1 8,losses 9 ,gold ,amalgamation40 8,"s directors ( m9+ companies are naturally incl9$ to li/5 to ! speci\s promises ( inv5tors ( novel processes & new ma*9]y1 =gett+ _! own p]sonal disadvantage 9 any argum5t on su* matt]s1 & assum+ a confid5ce 9 ! logic ( _! own conclusions1 :ile !y ignore ! fruitful exp]i5ce ( ?\s&s ( practical m5 :o are engag$ 9 ! m9+ bus9ess4 ,! repeat$ failures ( directors 9 s5d+ out new ma*9]y to _! m9es ought by ?is "t to be a suffici5t w>n+ aga9/ increas+ risks t are at once natural & unavoidable1 & to det] !m f plung+ _! %>ehold]s into exp]im5ts :i*1 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$1 result 9 no?+ b excessive & ne$less exp5se4 8,x is c]ta9 t new ma*9es & new processes are1 & w be1 giv5 att5tion by m9+ m5 9 proportion to _! probable m]its2 b ! prop] place = exp]im5ts is 9 a mill already z successful z "u kn[n processes x c be made4 ,9 a new ent]prise1 ev5 :5 ! exp5se ( an exp]im5t is und]tak5 by ! inv5tor1 ! loss to ! m9e-own] 9 case ( failure mu/ be v great1 bo? 9 "t & g5]al runn+ exp5ses4 ,directors %\ld n believe t a will+ness to risk ca% 9 prov+ an inv5tion is necess>ily any pro( ( value ( ! same2 x is only a measure ( ! fai? ( ! inv5tor1 :i* is h>dly a safe /&>d to risk %>ehold]s' money by4 8,! v>iety ( modifications 9 approv$ processes ought at lea/ to sugge/ ! desirability ( exhau/+ ! kn[n1 be=e draw+ on ! unkn[n & purely speculative4 ,x %\ld also be borne 9 m9d t :at might appe> at fir/ sight to be new processes1 & ev5 new ma*9]y1 are1 9 fact1 (t5 no?+ b old contrivances & plausible !ories long ago explod$ among practical m54 8,_m m9+ companies h be5 ru9$1 )\t any ref]5ce to _! m9es1 ?r\gh m5 decid+ on ! reasonabl5ess ( new process & ma*9]y :o h no k ( ! bus9ess 9 h&4 ,x is assum$ (t51 t if an inv5tor or manufactur] ( new ma*9]y w agree to gu>antee success1 or take no pay if n successful1 ! company takes no risk4 ,9 actual fact a :ole ye> is wa/$ 9 mo/ cases1 failure spoils ! reputation ( ! company1 runn+ exp5ses h cont9u$1 & fur!r work+ capital _c be rais$1 because all conc]n$ h lo/ confid5ce by ! failure to obta9 returns promis$4 ,all ?is 9 addition to ! regul>1 unavoidable risks ( m9+ itself1 :i* may1 at any mom5t dur+ ! ye> lo/1 call = increas$ exp5ses & increas$ fai? 9 ultimate success4 ,to ! m9+ man :o makes money by ! bus9ess1 ! natural risks ( m9+ is all he w take2 x is suffici5t2 & :5 he inve/s m money 9 ma*9]y he takes good c>e t he takes no *ances ( ei!r failure or delay4 8,! foll[+ are rules :i* no m9+ company or individual m9e-own] c af=d to neglect4 87#a7 ,! risk %\ld be conf9$ to m9+4 ,no body ( directors is ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ a %>ehold]'s money & inve/+ x 9 new processes or ma*9]y :5 ! subscription 0 simply = a m9+ v5ture4 ,directors are inv>iably incapable ( decid+ :e!r a s-call$ improvem5t 9 ma*9]y or process is really s or n1 & ! reasonable c\rse is to foll[ e/abli%$ prec$5ts4 87#b7 ,! risk ( select+ an incompet5t manag] %\ld be r$uc$ to m9imum by tak+ a man ) a successful record 9 ! p>ticul> "w to be done4 ,! manag] select$ %\ld be prohibit$1 z mu* z ! directors1 f exp]im5t+ ) new me?ods or ma*9]y4 ,a really exp]i5c$ man w require no *eck 9 ?is direction1 z he w n risk ru9+ 8 reputation4 87#c7 ,! only "t = a company to exp]im5t is :5 ! m9e is pay+ well by ! usual me?ods1 & ! treasury is 9 a condition to speculate a little 9 possible improvem5ts )\t jeop>dis+ regul> returns40 ,probably ?is is ! be/ place to ins]t ano!r ^w ( w>n+ to directors :o are n m9+ speciali/s1 & also to inve/ors 9 gold m9+ %>es4 ,assays ( aurif]\s lode mat]ial %\ld always be *eck$ by ! results ( trials on l>ge quantities4 ,! reason is obvi\s4 ,fir/1 ! prospector or company promot] is n 9 ! lea/ likely to pick ! wor/ piece ( /one 9 ! heap = assay2 &1 secondly1 ev5 %\ld ! sample be select$ ) ! sole object ( gett+ a fair result1 no liv+ man c judge ! value ( a gold lode by ! result ( treatm5t ( an ounce ( /one4 ,s :5 x is report$ t a sample ( rock f ! ,gold5 ,m9t ,m9e1 ,golconda1 assays at ! rate ( #b1edf oz4 #ac dwt4 & #ba grs4 to ! ton1 & t !re are ?\s&s ( tons ( simil> /one 9 sight1 ! /atem5t %\ld be receiv$ ) due caution4 ,! assay is d\btless correct1 b ! d$uctions !refrom are mo/ mislead+4 ,a few words ( advice also to directors ( m9e-pur*as+ companies & syndicates1 ( :i* !re are n[ s _m 9 exi/5ce1 may probably be f\nd ( value4 ,x is n good policy z a g5]al rule to buy entirely undevelop$ prop]ties1 unless su* h be5 inspect$ by y\r own man1 :o is bo? compet5t & tru/wor?y1 & inde$ :o %\ld h an int]e/ 9 ! pr(its4 ,l>ge areas1 al?\gh s popul> 9 ,engl&1 d n comp5sate = l>ge bodies ( payable ore2 ! mo/ remun]ative m9e is g5]ally "o ( comp>atively small area1 b conta9+ a l>ge lode =mation ( payable1 b (t5 l[ grade1 ore4 ,x is worse /ill1 ( c\rse1 to buy a practically work$ out m9e1 ?\gh ?is too is sometimes done4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t m9+1 ?\gh (t5 s pr(itable1 is nev]!less a de/ructive indu/ry1 ?us diff]+ f agriculture1 :i* is productive1 & manufactures1 :i* are con/ructive4 ,e ton ( /one brok5 & treat$ f ev5 ! be/ gold m9e 9 ! _w makes t m9e ! poor] by "o ton ( valuable mat]ial2 ?us1 to buy a m9+ prop]ty on its pa/ reputation = productiv5ess is1 z a rule1 que/ionable policy1 unless y "k !re is suffici5t good ore 9 sight to cov] ! pur*ase co/ & leave a pr(it4 ,! po9t may be put ?us3 ,human indu/ry is 7#a7 ,productive1 7#b7 ,con/ructive1 & 7#c7 ,de/ructive4 7#a7 ,productive4--,intellig5t culture ( ! soil1 includ+ ! depa/urage ( pr(itable animals4 ,?is is ! olde/4 7#b7 ,con/ructive4--,! manufacture ( raw products1 animal1 vegetable1 & m9]al1 into articles ( a necess>y or /hetic "*4 7#c7 ,de/ructive4--,m9+1 9 all its =ms1 because ! natural /ores ( valuable m9]als & metals won & us$ are n replaceable4 ,"o ( ! greate/ causes ( non-success ( gold m9+ v5tures1 p>ticul>ly :5 work$ by public companies1 is ! lack ( actual p]sonal sup]vision1 & h5ce1 among o!r tr\bles1 is t ultra-objectionable "o--gold /eal+ f ! mills1 or1 9 alluvial m9+1 f ! tail races4 ,z to ! =m]1 ! foll[+ appe>$ 9 #ahic 9 ! ,london ,m9+ ,j\rnal1 & is1 ,i ?9k1 wor?y ( ! close consid]ation ( m9e directors 9 all p>ts ( ! _w3-- 8,no "o t has n exp]i5c$ ! evil ( gold ?iev+ f r$uction mills c h any idea ( ! p]nici\s elem5t x is1 & ! difficulty1 once t x has got #8well hold1' ( root+ x out4 ,x p]meates e class ( society 9 ! di/rict connect$ ) ! indu/ry1 & manag]s1 amalgamators1 assay]s1 acc\ntants1 aye1 ev5 bank (ficials1 are #8all on ! job' to #8get a bit' :ile !re is an opportunity4 ,to ext]m9ate ! hateful mon/] requires on ! "p ( ! m9e proprietors comb9$1 /]n & dra/ic measures und]tak5 "u ! p]sonal sup]vision ( "o or m ( _! directors1 & 9 _m in/ances necessitat+ ! removal ( ! :ole ( ! (ficial /aff40 ,! writ] n>rates h[ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago he 0 l$ to suspect t 9 an ,au/ralian m9e runn+ =ty head ( /amps1 9 :i* he held a controll+ int]e/1 ! own]s 7 be+ defraud$ ( ab\t a f\r? ( ! gold really conta9$ 9 ! ore1 & ! successful /eps tak5 to *eck ! robb]y4 8,we fir/ ( all disp5s$ ) ! s]vices ( ! g5]al manag]1 & !n issu$ ! foll[+ in/ructions to ! m9e & mill manag]s1 ,i rema9+ at ! m9e to see !m c>ri$ out until ,i sub/itut$ a practical local man z ag5t1 :o aft]w>ds c>ri$ on ! "w mo/ effici5tly3-- 87a7 ,bo? ( ^! (ficials to keep sep>ate books & acc\nts2 9 o!r words1 to be di/9ct dep>tm5ts4 87b7 ,! ore =m]ly 0 all ?r[n toge!r & put ?r\gh ! mill4 ,i subdivid$ x into f\r classes1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,d1 repres5t+ deep levels nor? & upp] levels nor?1 deep levels s\? & upp] levels s\?1 & allott$ to ea* class t5 heads ( /amps at ! mill4 87c7 ,! m9e manag] to try ?ree prospects1 =5oon & aft]noon ( ea* day1 f ! dumps ( ea* ( ! f\r classes & record 9 a book to be kept = t purpose ! e/imat$ mill yield ( ea* "o4 87d7 ,! mill manag] 0 requir$ to d ! same at ! mill & keep 8 record4 87e7 ,!re 7 f\r und]gr\nd bosses 9 ea* %ift1 twelve 9 all4 ,i _h a book fix$ at ! top ( ! %aft 9 :i* ,i requir$ ea* ( ^! m51 at ! expiry ( e %ift1 to record any *ange 9 ! faces ( ! qu>tz & p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to quality4 87f7 ,hav+ divid$ ! ore into f\r classes ,i in/ruct$ ! amalgamators1 ( :i* !re 7 two 9 ea* %ift1 six 9 all1 t ,i requir$ ! amalgam f ea* to be kept sep>ate1 ) ! object ( asc]ta9+ :at ea* "p ( ! m9e produc$4 87g7 ,i procur$ padlocks = ! cov]+ bo>ds ( ! m]cury tables & gave ! keys to ! amalgamators ) in/ructions t !y 7 n to h& !m ov] to any "o except ! ex*ange %ift )\t my writt5 au?ority1 & in/ruct$ !m t !y %\ld clean d[n ! plates e ?ree h\rs1 & aft] clean+ d[n ! amalgam1 buckets to be plac$ 9 ! clean+ room1 :i* ,i in/ruct$ to be kept lock$ & ! key 9 *>ge ( a wat*man night & day4 87h7 ,! :ole ( ! amalgam tak5 f ! plates dur+ ea* tw5ty-f\r h\rs to be clean$ & squeez$ by ! two amalgamators on duty e =5oon at n9e o'clock 9 ! pres5ce ( ! mill manag]1 :o %\ld weigh ea* lot & ent] x 9 a book to be kept = ! purpose1 & ! entry to be sign$ by ! mill manag] & bo? amalgamators z witnesses4 87i7 ,e alt]nate ,friday ! mort>s 7boxes7 to be clean$ out2 ! "w to be comm5c$ punctually at eight ,a4,m4 by ! six amalgamators 9 ! pres5ce ( ! mill manag]1 assi/$ by ! ?ree amalgam clean+ room wat*m5 & ! f\r batt]y fe$]s on duty1 prohibit+ any ( !m f leav+ until ! clean+ up 0 f9i%$1 & ! amalgam clean$1 squeez$ & weigh$1 & ! am\nt ent]$ by ! mill manag] 9 ! record book & atte/$ by ! amalgamators4 8,i ?9k ! intellig5t read]s 7p>ticul>ly ^? ) a k ( ! bus9ess7 w see ! drift ( ! above regulations1 viz41 = !re to be any peculation ! :ole ( ! batt]y /aff--f\rte5 9 all--w\ld h to p>ticipate 9 x1 & ! numb] 0 too _m to keep a secret4 ,=m]ly ! amalgam clean+ room 0 sacr$ to ! mill manag]1 & on ann\nc+ to t (ficial ! new in/ructions he at once t5d]$ 8 resignation 9 a tone ( (f5d$ dignity1 imm$iately foll[$ by t ( ! m9e manag]4 ,x is a significant fact t %ortly aft]w>ds ^! two (ficials pur*as$ a l>ge mill & o!r prop]ty at a co/ ( #aj1jjj1 & t ! m9e yield$ = ! foll[+ ?ree ye>s dur+ :i* ,i 0 connect$ ) x an av]age ( ov] #ag dwt4 to ! ton1 z aga9/ =m]ly #aj to #ab dwt4 8,! read] mu/ draw 8 own conclusions4 ,i us$ to make x a practice to visit ! m9e daily & prospect ! ore1 & hav+ ! m9e & mill manag]s' daily prospect+ z a guide z well z my own1 e man at ! mill knew x 0 impossible = !m to ?ieve )\t my detect+ x2 moreov]1 ,i made x a rule to dis*>ge any ( ! mill employs t ,i discov]$ 7 int]e/$ 9 any small private claims4 8,! crux ( ! :ole ?+ is hav+ a practical m9] at ! head ( affairs1 & x is impossible = him to ?ieve if ! "w is c>ri$ out 9 ! mann] ,i h describ$40 ,to br+ ! :ole matt] to a conclusion4 ,x may be tak5 z a safe axiom t to make gold-m9+ 9 ! m9e z di/9ct f m9+ on ! ,/ock ,ex*ange really pr(itable ! same sy/em ( economy1 ( practical sup]vision1 & sci5tific k :i* is n[ adopt$ 9 all o!r bus9esses mu/ be appli$ to ! rais+ & extraction ( ! metal4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 w g5u9e m9+ take ! place to :i* x is entitl$ among/ our indu/ries4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,rules ,,( ,,?umb ,?is *apt] has be5 head$ z above because a numb] ( ! rules & recipes giv5 are simply practical exp$i5ts1 n too closely sci5tific4 ,my endeav\r has be5 to supply practical & useful in=mation 9 language z free f te*nicalities z possible1 s z to adapt x to ! ord9>y m9]1 mill op]ator & prospector1 _m ( :om h _h no sci5tific tra9+4 ,"s ( ! exp$i5ts are orig9al devices educ$ by necessity1 :i*1 we are told1 is ! "m ( inv5tion2 o!rs are h9ts giv5 by practical old prospectors :o _h met ) difficulties t w\ld be ! despair ( a man br\ght up )9 rea* ( =ge1 f\ndry1 ma*9e %op1 or tradesm5 g5]ally4 ,!re are _m highly +5i\s & useful contrivances besides ^! ,i h giv54 ,,liv+ ,,places ,! heal? ( ! prospector1 especially 9 a new c\ntry1 dep5ds l>gely on 8 h\s+--9 :i* p>ticul> _m m5 are fooli%ly c>eless1 = al?\gh !y are aw>e t !y w be camp$ out = long p]iods1 yet all ! %elt] !y rely on is a mis]able calico t5t1 (t5 )\t a 8fly10 :ile 9 "s cases !y sometimes ev5 sleep on ! wet1 or du/y1 gr\nd4 ,su* p]sons fully des]ve ! ill heal? :i* soon] or lat] ov]takes !m4 ,a little =e?\ght & v mod]ate +5uity w\ld r5d] _! camp comp>atively heal?y & com=table4 ,9 summ] a t5t is ! hotte/1 & 9 w9t] ! colde/ ( domiciles4 ,! 8pizie0 or 8adobie0 hut1 or1 :]e practicable1 ! 8dug\t0 are mu* to be pref]r$1 especially ! latt]4 8,pizie0 or 8adobie0 is simply surface soil knead$ ) wat] & ei!r m\ld$ betwe5 bo>ds l concrete1 to con/ruct ! walls1 or made into l>ge sun-dri$ bricks4 ,salt wat] %\ld n be us$1 z x causes ! wall to be affect$ by e *ange ( wea!r4 ,a prop]ly con/ruct$ h\se ( ?is mat]ial1 :]e ! walls are protect$ by ov]hang+ eaves1 is practically ev]la/+1 & "s h be5 /&+ = c5turies4 ,!re are build+s ( pizie or adobie 9 ,mexico1 ,cali=nia1 & ,au/ralia :i* are z good z new1 al?\gh ! latt] 7 built ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,adobie dwell+s are w>m 9 w9t]1 cool 9 summ]1 & clean & heal?y if occasionally :itewa%$4 ,! dug\t is ev5 m simple 9 con/ruction4 ,a cutt+1 say t5 feet wide1 is put into ! base ( a hill =1 say1 twelve feet until ! back wall is1 say1 t5 feet high1 ! sides />t+ f no?+ to t height4 ,! front & su* portion z is requir$ ( ! side walls are next con/ruct$ ( pizie or r\gh /one1 ) mud mort>1 & ! ro( ei!r gabl$ or skillion ( b\gh1 grass1 or re$ ?at*1 & cov]$ ) pizie1 ov] :i* is sometimes put ano!r ?9 lay] ( ?at* to prev5t ! pizie be+ wa%$ away by heavy ra94 ,no?+ c be m snug & com=table ?an su* a h\se1 unless ! c[s1 z ,m>k ,twa9 n>rates1 make ?+s 8monoton\s0 by p]si/5tly tumbl+ d[n ! *imney4 ,:5 ! ,burra copp] m9es 7 9 full "w 9 ,s\? ,au/ralia sixty ye>s ago1 ! banks ( ! ,burra ,creek 7 honeycomb$ l a rabbit w>r5 ) ! 8dug\t0 homes ( ! ,corni% m9]s4 ,! ru9s ( ^! old dug\ts n[ ext5d = miles1 & look some?+ l an uncov]$ ,pompeii4#c #c ,?is wond]ful copp] occurr5ce has lately be5 reviv$ by ! discov]y ( ri* & /rong lode =mations outside ! =m]ly work$ portions4 ,:5 wat] is sc>ce & ! t5t has to be reta9$1 mu* c be done to make ! camp snug4 ,i occupi$ a v com=table camp once1 ( :i* my !n p>tn]1 a ,dane1 0 ! ar*itect4 ,we call$ x 8,! ,bungal[10 & x 0 con/ruct$ z foll[s3 ,fir/ we set up our t5t1 #aj ft4 by #h ft41 =m$ ( gre5 baize-l9$ calico1 & cov]$ ) a well set fly 7,fig4 #bg74 ,next we put 9 f\r sub/antial =k$ po/s ab\t #aj ft4 high & #ae ft4 ap>t1 ) securely fix$ cross pieces1 & on ! top 0 laid a r\gh flat ro( ( bru% ?at*2 ! sides 7 !n treat$ 9 ! same way1 b n s ?ickly1 be+ m]ely int5d$ z a breakw9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,,calico ,,t5t ,,) ,,fly4 ,! gr\nd plan 0 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,! t5t ) its two com=table bunks 0 plac$ a little to "o side1 ! rema9+ space be+ us$ z a d9+ & sitt+ room all ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,except 9 occasional seasons ( heavy ra91 :5 we 7 sav$ ! tr\ble ( wa%+ our di%es1 ! t5t 0 only us$ = sleep+ purposes1 & z a /oreh\se = clo!s & p]i%able provisions4 ,i h 8dwelt 9 m>ble halls0 s9ce !n1 b nev] 0 food sweet] or sleep s\nd] ?an 9 ! old bu% bungal[4 ,a ,,bu% ,,b$4 ,to make a com=table bu% b$place1 take f\r =k$ po/s ab\t #c ft4 #f 94 long & #b to #c 94 9 diamet] at ! top2 m>k out y\r b$place accurately & put a po/ at ea* corn]1 ab\t #a ft4 9 ! gr\nd4 ,take two poles ab\t #g ft4 long1 & hav+ procur$ two /rong five-bu%el corn sacks1 cut holes 9 ! bottom corn]s1 put ! poles ?r\gh1 br++ ! m\?s ( ! sacks toge!r1 & secure !m !re ) a /rong /it* or two4 ,put y\r poles on ! upright =k$ /icks1 & y h a c\* t ev5 ,san*o ,panza w\ld h envi$4 ,x is z well to fix /ret*]s or cross /ays betwe5 ! po/s at head & foot 7,fig4 #bi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,bu% ,,/ret*]4 ,9 mal>ial c\ntries1 sleep+ on ! gr\nd is di/9ctly dang]\s1 & z su* di/ricts are usually ?ickly timb]$1 ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory hammock is an admirable device1 m p>ticul>ly :]e mosquitoes ab\nd4 ,,nor!rn ,,t]ritory ,,hammock4 ,?is hammock1 :i* is almo/ a /&+ b$place :5 rigg$1 is con/ruct$ z foll[s3--,to a piece ( /rong canvas #g feet long & #b feet wide1 put a broad hem1 say #c in*es wide at ea* end4 ,into ?is hem run a t\gh /ick1 ab\t #b feet #h in*es long by #a in*es diamet]4 ,r\nd ! c5tre ( ! /ick pass a piece ( /rong ?ree-qu>t] in* rope1 #h to #aj feet long & knot x1 s z to leave a %ort end 9 :i* a metal eye is ins]t$4 ,to ea* end ( ! two /icks a piece ( qu>t]-in* la%+1 ab\t #f feet long1 is securely atta*$ 7,fig4 #cj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,,nor!rn ,,t]ritory ,,hammock4 ,to make ! mosquito cov]+ take #ah feet ( ord9>y /rong *eese clo?1 & two pieces ( /rong calico ( ! same size z ! canvas b$2 put hems 9 ! ends ( ! upp] "o l>ge en\gh to take half-in* /icks1 to all f\r extremities ( :i* #h feet ( :ipcord is to be atta*$4 ,! calico =ms ! top & bottom ( :at we us$ to call ! 8meat safe10 ! sides be+ ( *eese clo?4 ,a small1 flapp$ op5+ is left on ! l[] side4 ,:5 once inside y are q safe f mosquito bites4 ,to rig ! above1 two trees are *os5 #g to #h feet ap>t1 or two /ay$ poles c be erect$ if no trees are available4 ,! b$ is rigg$ ab\t #c feet f ! gr\nd by tak+ ! rope r\nd ! trees or poles1 & pull+ ! canvas taut by means ( ! metal eyelet4 ,!n ! la%+s at ! extremities ( ! /icks are fix$ ab\t #c feet fur!r up ! trees & y h a b$ some?+ betwe5 a hammock & a /&+ b$4 ,! mosquito net is fix$ above ! hammock 9 a simil> mann]1 except t x does n require ! c5tre /ay 7,fig4 #ca74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,,nor!rn ,,t]ritory ,,hammock 7,,set ,,up74 ,an old fri5d ( m9e once _h a r />tl+ exp]i5ce :i* caus$ him to swe> by ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory hammock4 ,he 0 camp$ ne> ! banks ( a muddy creek on ! ,daly ,riv]1 & _h =tunately hung 8 8meat safe0 ab\t f\r feet high4 ,! night 0 v d>k1 & "s h\rs aft] retir+ he he>d a cra% among 8 t9 camp ut5sils1 & ! noise ( "s animal mov+ bel[ him4 ,?9k+ 8 visitor 0 a /ray 8d+o10 or wild dog1 he gave a yell to fright5 ! brute away1 & he>+ x g1 he calmly w5t to sleep aga94 ,_h he kn[n :o 8 call] really 01 he w\ld n h felt s com=table4 ,9 ! morn+ on ! damp gr\nd bel[1 he f\nd ! tracks ( a f\rte5 foot alligator1 :i* 0 also out prospect+1 b :i*1 =tunately1 _h n ?\ght ( inve/igat+ ! 8meat safe40 ,,purify+ ,,wat]4 ,!re is n a m f]tile disease di/ributor1 p>ticul>ly 9 a new c\ntry1 ?an wat]4 ,! un9itiat$ g5]ally take x = grant$ t s long z wat] looks cle> x is necess>ily pure & :olesome2 z a matt] ( fact ! contr>y is m usually ! case1 except 9 v well wat]$ c\ntries1 & su*1 z a rule1 are n ^? 9 :i* gold is mo/ pl5tifully got by ! av]age prospector4 ,i h se5 fooli% fell[s1 :o 7 p>*$ ) a long tramp1 dr9k wat] 9 quantity 9 :i* liv+ organisms c\ld be se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 )\t tak+ ev5 ! ord9>y precaution ( /ra9+ x ?r\gh a piece ( l954 ,if !y contract$ hydatids1 typhoid fev]1 or o!r ailm5ts1 :i* ?9 our m9+ camps ( ! /rong1 lu/y1 c>eless y\?s1 :o c\ld wond]8 ,! be/ ( all means ( purify+ wat] f organic sub/ances is to boil x4 ,if x %\ld be v bad1 add c>bon 9 ! =m ( ! *>coal f y\r camp fire4 ,if x be ?ick1 y may1 ) advantage1 add a little ( ! a% also4 ,i once rode =ty-five miles ) ne>ly beat5 horses to a native well1 or rock hole1 to f9d wat]1 ! next /age be+ ov] fifty miles f>!r4 ,! well 0 f\nd1 b ! wat] 9 x 0 v bad2 = 9 x 0 ! body ( a dead kang>oo1 :i* _h app>5tly be5 !re = weeks4 ,! wret*$ horses1 half frantic ) ?ir/1 did manage to dr9k a few m\?fuls1 b we c\ld n4 ,i fill$ our l>ge/ billycan1 hold+ ab\t two gallons1 slung x ov] ! fire & add$1 z ! wood burnt d[n1 *>coal1 till ! top 0 cov]$ to a dep? ( two in*es4 ,) ! *>coal !re 01 ( c\rse1 a little a% conta9+ bi-c>bonate ( potassium4 ,! effect 0 m>vell\s4 ,s soon z ! horrible s\p came to ! boil1 ! impurities coagulat$1 & aft] keep+ x at boil+ temp]ature = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 x 0 remov$ f ! fire1 ! c9d]s skimm$ out1 & ! wat] all[$ to settle1 :i* x did v quickly4 ,x 0 !n decant$ (f into an ord9>y prospector's pan1 & "s 0 us$ to make tea 7! flav\r ( :i* c be bett] imag9$ ?an describ$72 ! rema9d] 0 all[$ to /& all night1 a few pieces ( *>coal be+ add$4 ,9 ! morn+ x 0 bright1 cle>1 & absolutely sweet4 ,?is exp]i5ce is wor? kn[+1 z _m a bad attack ( typhoid & o!r fev]s w\ld be av]t$ if practical precautions ( ?is k9d 7 b us$4 ,,to ,,obta9 ,,wat] ,,f ,,roots4 ,! greate/ necessity ( animal life is wat]4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 va/ areas ( ! e>?'s surface :]e ?is mo/ preci\s elem5t is lam5tably lack+1 & su*1 un=tunately1 is ! case 9 _m ri* aurif]\s di/ricts4 ,to ! practical man !re are _m indications ( wat]4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 v>y 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,sometimes x is ! h]bage1 b1 probably1 ! be/ ( all is ! pres5ce ( c>nivor\s animals & birds4 ,^! are nev] f\nd f> f wat]4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! n ov]-lov$ wily old cr[ is a pretty sure indicator ( wat] )9 reasonable di/ance--wat] may be extract$ f ! roots ( ! ,mallee 7,eucalyptus dumosa & gracilis7--! ,box 7,eucalyptus hemiphloia7 & ! ,wat] ,bu% 7,hakea leucopt]a74 ,to extract x ! roots are dug up1 cut into l5g?s ( ab\t a foot1 & plac$ upright 9 a c2 ! l[] ends be+ a few in*es above ! bottom4 ,x is simply a/oni%+ h[ mu* :olesome1 if at times some:at a/r+5t1 wat] may ?us be obta9$ 9 a few h\rs1 p>ticul>ly at night4 ,hakea leucopt]a4 8,p9s & ne$les40--,maid51 9 8 "w 8,useful ,native ,plants ( ,au/ralia10 says3 8,9 an exp]im5t on a wat]-yield+ ,hakea1 ! fir/ root1 ab\t half an in* 9 diamet] & six or eight feet long1 yield$ quickly1 & 9 l>ge drops ab\t a w9e-glass full ( really excell5t wat]40 ,?is valuable1 ?\gh n p>ticul>ly ornam5tal %rub 7= x nev] atta9s to ! dim5sions ( a tree71 is f\nd1 to ! be/ ( my belief1 9 all p>ts ( ,au/ralia1 al?\gh x is said to be abs5t f ,we/ ,au/ralia4 ,z to ?is1 ,i don't feel q sure4 ,i h se5 x 8f ! c5tre to ! sea0 z f> we/ z ,/reaky ,bay1 & believe ,i h se5 x f>!r we/ /ill4 ,consid]+ ! great simil>ity ( mu* ( ! flora ( ,s\? ,africa to t ( ,au/ralia1 x is probable t "s species ( ! wat]-be>+ ,hakea may be f\nd !re4 ,x c readily be recognis$ by its acicul>1 ne$le-l leaves1 & m p>ticul>ly by its peculi>ly %ap$ se$ vessel1 :i* resembles ! patt]n on an old-fa%ion$ ,indian %awl 7,fig4 #cb74 ,if ! wat] f\nd is too impure = dr9k+ purposes & ! tr\ble arises f visible animalcul only1 /ra9+ ?r\gh a pocket-h&k]*ief is bett] ?an no?+2 ! c>bon filt] is bett] /ill2 b no?+ is s effective z boil+4 ,a c>bon filt] is a tube ) a wad ( compress$ c>bon ins]t$1 ?r\gh :i* ! wat] is suck$4 ,z a rule clay-col\r$ wat] is comp>atively innocu\s1 b bew>e ( ! bright1 limpid wat] ( long /agnant rock wat]-holes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,se$-,,vessel ,,( ,,hakea ,,leucopt]a4 ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,effective ,,filt]4 ,take a nail-c1 keg1 cask1 or any o!r vessel1 or ev5 an ord9>y wood5 case 7well t>r$ inside1 if possible1 to make x wat]-tight74 ,make a hole or sev]al holes 9 ! bottom1 & set x ov] a tank or bucket4 ,into ! bottom ( ! filt] put 7#a7 a few in*es ( wa%$ brok5 /one2 7#b7 ab\t f\r in*es ( *>coal2 7#c7 say ?ree in*es ( clean co>se s& 7if n to h& y c manufacture x by cru%+ qu>tz ) y\r pe/le & mort>71 & 7#d7 alt]nate lay]s ( *>coal & s& until ! vessel is half fill$4 ,fill ! top half ) wat]1 & r5ew f "t to "t1 & y h a filt] :i* is z effective z ! be/ ,london made article4 ,b x is bett] to boil y\r wat] :e!r y filt] aft]w>ds or n4 ,cle> ! inside ( ! wat]-cask frequ5tly1 & occasionally add to ! wat] a little ,condy's fluid1 z x de/roys organic matt]4 ,a useful cem5t = /opp+ leaky places 9 casks is made z foll[s2 ,tall[ #be p>ts1 l>d #dj p>ts1 sift$ wood a% #be p>ts4 ,mix toge!r by heat+1 & apply ) a knife blade :i* has j be5 heat$4 ,,canvas ,,wat] ,,bags4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,,canvas ,,wat] ,,bag4 ,are easily made1 & are v h&y = c>ry+ small supplies ( dr9k+-wat] :5 prospect+ 9 a dry c\ntry2 !y hav+ ! advantage ( keep+ ! wat] cool 9 ! hotte/ wea!r1 by reason ( ! evaporation4 ,! m\?piece is made ( ! neck ( a bottle securely sewn 9 7,fig4 #cc74 ,,m$ic9e ,,case4 ,m$ic9e is also a matt] well wor?y ( ?\ght4 ,! au?or's wor/ enemy w\ld n call him a mollycoddle1 yet he has nev] travell$ 9 f> wilds )\t c>ry+ some?+ 9 ! way ( m$ic9e4 ,fir/1 !n1 on ?is subject1 x _c be too (t5 reit]at$ t if common ,epsom salts 7 a gu9ea an ounce in/ead ( a p5ny ! m$ic9e w\ld be valu$ accord+ly1 b x is some:at bulky4 ,:at ,i specially recomm5d1 h[ev]1 is a small pocket-case ( ! m commonly kn[n homoeopa?ic rem$ies1 8,"m t9ctures10 or fir/ dilutions1 :i* are small1 light1 & portable1 ) a small simple book ( in/ructions4 ,?\gh g5]ally an allopa? 9 practice1 ,i once sav$ my own life1 & h c]ta9ly help$ o!rs by a little k 9 diagnos+ compla9ts & hav+ simple homoeopa?ic rem$ies at h& to be us$ 9 ! fir/ /ages ( :at might o!rwise h be5 s]i\s illnesses4 ,,produc+ ,,fire4 ,e "o has he>d1 & mo/ believe1 t fire may be easily produc$ by rubb+ toge!r two pieces ( wood4 ,i h se5 x done by aborig9als1 b !y seldom make use ( ! op]ation1 :i* is g5]ally labori\s1 pref]r+ to c>ry light$ fire /icks = miles4 ,i h nev] succe$$ 9 ! exp]im5t4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x is almo/ a matt] ( life or dea? to be able to produce fire4 ,! back ( a pocket knife1 or an old file ) a fragm5t ( fl9t1 qu>tz1 or pyrites /ruck sm>tly toge!r ov] ! rema9s ( a burnt piece ( calico1 w 9 deft h&s produce a sp>k :i* c be fann$ to a gl[1 & s ignite o!r mat]ial1 till a fire is produc$4 ,also x may n be g5]ally kn[n t he :o c>ries a wat* has a 8burn+ glass0 ) :i* he c1 9 cle> wea!r1 produce fire at w4 ,all t is requir$ is to remove ! glass ( y\r wat* & c>efully ?ree p>ts fill x ) wat] 7salt or fre%74 ,?is =ms a l5s :i*1 held /eadily1 w easily ignite any light1 dry1 inflammable sub/ance4 ,:5 fire>ms are c>ri$1 cut a c>tridge s t only ab\t a qu>t] ( ! *>ge ( p[d] rema9s4 ,damp "s p[d] & rub x on a small piece ( dry cotton clo? or well-rubb$ br[n pap]4 ,pu% a loose pellet ( ?is into ! b>rel1 ins]t y\r half c>tridge1 fire at ! gr\nd1 :5 ! wad w readily ignite1 & c be bl[n into flame4 ,,to ,,copy ,,correspond5ce4 ,! prospector is n usually a bus9ess man2 h5ce 9 deal+ ) bus9ess m5 :o1 l ,hamlet1 are 8indiff]5t hone/10 he frequ5tly comes to grief ?r\gh n hav+ a copy ( 8 correspond5ce4 ,x is mo/ desirable1 !re=e1 ei!r to c>ry a c>bon pap] duplicat+ book & a /ylus1 or by add+ a little sug> to good ord9>y black ink y may make a copy+ ink2 !n ) ! aid ( a 8yell[ back0 octavo novel1 two pieces ( bo>d1 & "s ord9>y tissue pap]1 y may take a copy ( any lett] y s5d4 ,,to ,,provide ,a ,,simple ,,telegraphic ,,code4 ,buy a c\ple ( *eap small diction>ies ( ! same edition1 s5d "o to y\r correspond5t ) an intimation t he is to read up or d[n s _m words f ! "o indicat$ :5 receiv+ a message4 ,?us1 if ,i want to say 8,claim is look+ well10 ,i take a %ill+ diction>y1 s5d a copy !re( to my correspond5t ) ! intimation t ! real ^w is sev5 d[n1 & telegraph--8,civilian look+ weird20 ?is1 if look$ up 9 ,worce/]'s little pocket diction>y1 = in/ance1 w read 8,claim look+ well40 ,any diction>y w d s long z bo? p>ties h a copy & und]/& :i* is ! "r ^w4 ,by arrangem5t ?is plan c be v>i$ f "t to "t if y h any idea t y\r code c be read by o!rs4 ,a ,,s]viceable ,,soap4 ,wood a%es f ! camp fire are boil$ f day to day 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 & all[$ to settle1 ! cle> liquid be+ decant$ (f4 ,:5 ! requir$ quantity ( weak lye has be5 accumulat$1 evaporate by boil+1 till a suffici5t degree ( /r5g? has be5 obta9$4 ,n[ melt d[n "s mutton fat1 &1 :ile hot1 add to ! boil+ lye4 ,cont9ue boil+ & /irr+ till ! mixture is ab\t ! consi/5cy ( ?ick porridge1 p\r into any conv5i5t flat vessel1 & let x /& till cool4 ,if y h any res9 9 /ore1 a little p[d]$ & add$ gradually to ! melt+ tall[1 be=e mix+ ) ! lye1 w /iff5 y\r soap4 ,,to ,,cross ,a ,,flood$ ,,/ream4 ,take a half-gallon1 or l>g]1 t9 8billy c10 enclose x 9 a /rong cotton h&k]*ief or cotton clo?1 knott+ same ov] ! lid1 inv]t1 &1 tak+ ! knot 9 ! h&1 y h a float+ appliance :i* w su/a9 y 9 any wat]1 :e!r y are a swimm] or n4 ,! high silk hat ( civilisation w\ld act z well z ! c1 b ^! are n usually f\nd f> afield4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,hide ,,bucket4 ,at times :5 prospect+ 9 an 8incl9e0 or 8und]lay0 %aft1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! walls ( ! lode are irregul>1 a hide bucket w be f\nd pref]able to an iron "o4 ,! mode ( manufacture is z foll[s3 ,procure an ox hide1 8gre510 if possible2 if dry1 x %\ld be soak$ until q s(t4 ,cut "s ?9 /rips ( hide = sew+ or lac+4 ,n[ %ape a bag or pocket ( size suffici5t to hold ab\t a hundr$-weight ( /one1 & by punctur+ ! edges ) a knife1 m>l9e-spike1 or o!r po9t$ tool1 sew toge!r2 make a h&le ( twi/$ or pleat$ hide1 & hav+ fill$ y\r bucket ) dry s& or e>? let x /& till ! :ole is q dry1 :5 x w be prop]ly di/5d$ & w ma9ta9 its %ape until worn out4 ,,to ,,make ,a 8,,slu% ,,lamp40 ,:]e c&les are sc>ce & k]os9e is n1 a 8slu% lamp0 is a useful sub/itute4 ,take an old b s\nd qu>t t9 pannik91 half fill x ) s& or e>?1 & prep>e a ?9 /ick ( p9e1 r\nd :i* wrap a /rip ( s(t cotton clo?4 ,! /ick %\ld be ab\t half an in* long] ?an ! dep? ( ! pannik94 ,melt "s wa/e fat1 fill ! pannik9 !re)1 pu% ! /ick d[n into ! e>? at ! bottom1 & y h a light1 :i*1 if n equal to ! electric or inc&esc5t gas burn]1 is q s]viceable4 ,9 ,au/ralia ! s(t velvety core ( ! 8bottle bru%0 or honeysuckle tree1 ,banksia m>g9ata1 is (t5 us$ in/ead ( ! cotton wick4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,rules ,,( ,,?umb ,,m9+ ,,appliances ,,& ,,me?ods ,a ,,tempor>y ,,=ge4 ,:at prospector has n at times be5 tr\bl$ = ! want ( a =ge8 ,to /eel or h>d5 a pick1 or %>p5 a drill is comp>atively easy1 b !re is (t5 a difficulty 9 gett+ a =ge4 ,big s+le action bell[s are sometimes b\ght at great exp5se1 & "s +5i\s fell[s h made an imitation ( ! blacksmi?'s bell[s by means ( %eepsk9s & r\gh bo>ds4 ,) inadequate mat]ial & appliances to h&1 ! foll[+ w be f\nd easi] to con/ruct & m la/+ :5 con/ruct$4 ,only a s+le piece ( iron is requir$1 &1 at a p9*1 "o c\ld ev5 disp5se ) t by us+ a slab ( talcose mat]ial1 r\ghly %ap+ a he>? !re9 & mak+ a hole = ! bla/4 ,fir/1 con/ruct a fram+ ab\t ! height ( an ord9>y smi?'s =ge4 ,?is c be made ) sapl+s & b>k1 or bett] /ill1 if available1 out ( an empty pack+ case ab\t ?ree feet squ>e4 ,fill ! frame or case ) slightly damp$ e>? & ram x tight1 leav+ ! usual holl[ he>?4 ,!n =m a *amb] bel[ ! p]=at$ he>? op5+ to ! re>4 ,n[ con/ruct a c5trifugal fan1 su* z is us$ = ! v5tilation ( %all[ %afts & work+s4 ,set ?is up beh9d ! he>? & revolve by means ( a wood5 multiply+ :eel4 ,a piece ( ord9>y wa%+ l9e rope1 or sa% l9e rope1 well res9$ if res9 c be got--b pit*1 t>1 or wax w d by add+ a little f9e du/ to prev5t /ick+--is us$ z a belt4 ,) v r\gh mat]ials a h&y man c ?us make a =ge t w answ] ord9>y requirem5ts4--,n4,b4 ,d n use clay = y\r he>? b$ unless y c get a highly alum9\s clay1 & c give x full "t to dry be=e ! =ge fire is lit4 ,ord9>y surface soil1 n too s&y1 acts well1 if damp$ & ramm$ ?or\ghly4 ,( c\rse1 if y c get an iron nozzle = y\r bl[] ! :ole op]ation is simplifi$4 ,,simple ,,way ,,( ,,mak+ ,,*>coal4 ,dig a pit #e feet squ>e by #c feet deep & fill ) fuel4 ,aft] light+1 see t ! pit is kept full4 ,! hot emb]s w gradually s9k to ! bottom4 ,! fuel %\ld be kept burn+ fi]cely until ! pit seems almo/ full1 :5 m fuel %\ld be add$1 rais+ ! heap ab\t a foot above ! level ( ! gr\nd4 ,! e>? dug out ( ! pit %\ld !n be %ovell$ back ov] ! burn+ mass4 ,aft] leav+ x to cool = #bd h\rs ! pit w be f\nd ne>ly full ( *>coal4 ,ab\t "o-qu>t] ! weight ( ! dry fuel us$ %\ld be recov]$ 9 *>coal4 ,,r\gh ,,smelt+ ,,on ,,! ,,m9e4 ,r\gh gold smelt+ on ! m9e is effect$ ) a flux ( borax1 c>bonate ( soda1 or1 z ,i h (t5 done1 ) "s p[d]$ :ite glass4 ,:5 ! gold is smelt$ & ! flux has settl$ d[n quietly 9 a liquid /ate1 ! bulk ( ! latt] may be remov$1 to facilitate p\r+ into ! m\ld1 by dipp+ an iron rod alt]nately into ! flux & !n into a little wat]1 & knock+ (f ! ball ( congeal$ flux :i* adh]es aft] ea* dip4 ,?is flux %\ld1 h[ev]1 be cru%$ ) a pe/le & mort> & pann$ (f1 z1 9 c]ta9 cases1 x may conta9 t9y globules ( gold4 ,,misfires ,,9 ,,bla/+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common s\rces ( accid5t 9 m9+ op]ations is due ei!r to c>elessness or to ! use ( defective mat]ial 9 bla/+4 ,a %ot misses1 g5]ally = "o ( two reasons2 ei!r ! explosive1 ! cap1 or ! fuse 7mo/ (t5 ! latt]71 is inf]ior or defective2 or ! *>g+ is incompet5tly p]=m$4 ,sometimes ! fuse is n plac$ prop]ly 9 ! detonator1 or ! detonator is n prop]ly enclos$ 9 ! c>tridge1 or ! fuse is injur$ by improp] tamp+4 ,if sev]al %ots h be5 fir$ toge!r1 p>ticul>ly at ! *ange ( a 8%ift10 ! m5 :o h to remove ! brok5 mat]ial may 9 s do+ explode ! miss$ *>ge4 ,or1 m inexcusable /ill1 m5 w (t5 be s fooli% z to try to cle> out ! drill hole & remove ! miss$ c>tridge4 ,:5 a *>ge is kn[n to h miss$ all t is necess>y to d 9 ord] to dis*>ge x safely is to remove a few in*es ( 8tamp+0 f ! top ( ! drill hole1 place 9 ! bore a plug ( dynamite ) cap & fuse atta*$1 put an in* or two ( tamp+ ov] x & fire1 :5 ! miss$ *>ge w also be explod$4 ,( c\rse1 judgm5t mu/ be us$ & ! dep? ( ! drill tak5 into consid]ation4 ,z a rule1 m9]s use f> m tamp+ ?an is at all requisite4 ,! action ( ! *>ge w g5]ally be f\nd q z effective ) a few in*es ( cov]+ matt] z ) a foot or m1 :ile ! explod+ ( misfire c>tridges is r5d]$ simple1 z no removal ( tamp+ is requir$ be=e plac+ ! top 8plug0 9 case ( misfire4 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,loss ,,( ,,ri* ,,specim5s ,,9 ,,bla/+4 ,:5 bla/+ ! cap ( a lode1 p>ticul>ly on ri* %utes ( gold1 ! rock is apt to fly1 & ri* specim5s may be ?r[n f> afield & s be lo/4 ,a simple way ( avoid+ ?is is to procure a quantity ( b\ghs1 :i* tie into loose bundles1 plac+ ! leafy p>ts alt]nately end = end4 ,be=e fir+1 pile ^! bundles ov] ! bla/ &1 if c>e is us$1 v few /ones w fly4 ,! same device may be us$ 9 wide %all[ %afts4 ,a ,,simple ,,mode ,,( ,,retort+ ,,small ,,quantities ,,( ,,amalgam4 ,clean y\r amalgam & squeeze x z h>d z possible ?r\gh /rong calico or *amois lea!r4 ,take a l>ge s\nd potato1 cut (f ab\t a qu>t] f "o end & scoop out a hole 9 ! c5tre ab\t twice z big z ! ball ( amalgam4 ,procure a piece ( flat iron--an old spade w d z well z any?+--ins]t ! amalgam1 &1 hav+ plac$ ! potato1 cut side d[nw>ds1 !reon1 put ! plate ( iron on ! =ge1 heat up fir/ g5tly1 !n /rong]1 till sep>ation has tak5 place1 :5 ! gold w be f\nd 9 a bright clean button on ! plate & ! m]cury 9 f9e globules 9 ! potato1 f :i* x c be re-collect$ by break+ up ! p>tly or :olly cook$ tub] "u wat] 9 an enamell$ or ord9>y crock]y bas94 ,x is z well to place a piece ( pap] betwe5 ! iron & ! amalgam to prev5t adhesion4 ,,to ,,retort ,,small ,,quantities ,,( ,,m]cury ,,= ,,amalgamat+ ,,assay ,,te/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,,smok+-,,pipe ,,retort4 ,get two new tobacco pipes simil> 9 %ape 7,fig4 #cd71 ) ! bigge/ b[ls & longe/ /ems procurable4 ,break (f ! /em ( "o close to ! b[l & fill ! hole ) well work$ clay 7"s batt]y slimes make ! be/ lut+ clay74 ,set ! /emless pipe on end 9 a clay b$1 & fill ) amalgam1 pass a bit ( ?9 iron or copp] wire b5ea? x1 & b5d ! ends ( ! wire upw>ds4 ,n[ fit ! :ole pipe1 b[l inv]t$1 on to ! "u "o1 lut+ ! edges ( bo? well ) clay4 ,twi/ ! wire ov] ! top ) a pair ( nipp]s till ! two b[ls are fitt$ closely toge!r1 & y h a retort t w /& any heat necess>y to ?or\ghly di/il m]cury4 ,a ,,simple ,,mode ,,( ,,asc]ta9+ ,,! ,,nom9al ,,horse-,,p[] ,,( ,,an ,,eng9e4 ,multiply ! int]nal diamet] ( ! cyl9d] by itself & /rike (f ! la/ figure ( ! quoti5t4 ,! diamet] is #bj0 #bj0 #bj ----- #dj4 ,! ,h4,p4 is #dj4 ,! foll[+ rules w be f\nd m pr(essionally accurate f an eng9e]+ /&po9t1 ?\gh ! t]m 8horse-p[]0 is n n[ g5]ally employ$4 ,to f9d ! ,nom9al ,horse-p[]4--,= non-cond5s+ eng9es3 ,multiply ! squ>e ( ! diamet] ( ! cyl9d] 9 in*es by #g & divide ! product by #hj4 ,= cond5s+ eng9es3 ,multiply ! squ>e ( ! diamet] ( ! cyl9d] 9 in*es by #g & divide ! product by #bjj4 ,to f9d ! ,actual ,horse-p[] ( an eng9e1 multiply ! area ( ! cyl9d] 9 squ>e in*es by ! av]age effective pressure 9 p\nds p] squ>e in*1 less #c lb4 p] squ>e in* z ! frictional all[ance1 & also by ! spe$ ( ! pi/on 9 feet p] m9ute1 divid+ ! product by #cc1jjj1 & ! quoti5t w be ! actual horse-p[]4 8,,scal+0 ,,copp] ,,plates4 ,to 8scale0 copp] plates !y may be put ov] a *>coal or coke fire to sl[ly sublimate ! quicksilv]4 ,:]e possible1 ! fireplace ( a sp>e boil] c be utilis$1 us+ a ?9 r$ fire4 ,aft] ! entire evaporation ( ! quicksilv] ! plates %\ld be sl[ly cool$1 rubb$ ) hydro*loric acid1 & put 9 a damp place ov]night1 !n rubb$ ) a solution ( sal ammoniac & nitre 9 equal p>ts1 & aga9 heat$ sl[ly ov] a r$ fire4 ,!y mu/ n be all[$ to get r$ hot2 ! prop] degree ( heat is indicat$ by ! gold scale ris+ 9 bli/]s1 :5 ! plates are to be tak5 f ! fire & ! gold scrap$ (f4 ,any "p ( ! plate on :i* ! gold has n bli/]$ %\ld be aga9 rubb$ ) ! solution & fir$4 ,! gold scale %\ld be collect$ 9 a glass or e>!n di% & cov]$ ) nitric acid1 till all ! copp] is dissolv$1 :5 ! gold c be smelt$ 9 ! usual way2 b :5 x is molt51 corrosive sublimate %\ld be put 9 ! crucible till a blue flame ceases to be giv5 (f4 ,a ,second ,me?od4 ,! simple/ plan ,i "k is to h a hole dug n9e in*es deep by ab\t ! size ( ! plate to be scal$2 place a brick at ea* corn]1 & on ea* side1 halfway betwe54 ,get up a good fire1 & let x burn d[n to /rong emb]s1 or use *>coal1 !n place ! plate on ?ree b>s ( iron ext5d+ betwe5 ! ?ree pairs ( bricks1 h a /rong solution ( borax ready 9 :i* soak /rips ( old 8table blanket10 lay+ ^! ov] ! plate & spr9kl+ !m ) ! borax solution :5 ! plate gets too hot4 ,aft] a "t ! deposit ( m]cury & gold on ! plate w assume a :ite1 effloresc5t appe>ance1 & may !n be readily p>t$ f ! copp]4 ,ano!r ,me?od4 ,heat ! plate ov] an op5 fire1 to drive (f ! m]cury2 aft] :i*1 let x cool1 & saturate ) dilute sulphuric acid = ?ree h\rs1 or long]2 !n spr9kle ov] ! surface a mixture ( equal p>ts ( common salt & sal ammoniac1 & heat to r$ness4 ,:5 cool1 ! gold scale comes (f freely2 ! scale is !n boil$ 9 nitric or sulphuric acid1 to remove ! copp]1 previ\s to melt+4 ,plates may be scal$ ab\t once 9 six mon?s1 & w "u ord9>y circum/ances produce ab\t "o ounce ( clean gold = ea* sup]ficial foot ( copp] surface employ$4 ,i always pa9t ! back ( ! plate ) a mixture ( boil$ oil & turp5t9e1 or beeswax dissolv$ 9 turp5t9e1 to prev5t ! acid attack+ ! copp]4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,supply ,,m]cury ,,to ,,mort> ,,boxes4 ,i am indebt$ = ! foll[+ to ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,drake1 :o1 speak+ ( 8 exp]i5ce on ! ,w5twor? ,m9e1 ,n4,s4,w41 says3-- 8,fully #ij p] c5t4 ( ! gold is sav$ on ! outside plates1 only a small quantity rema9+ 9 ! mort>4 ,! plates h a slope ( #b 94 to #a ft4 ,no wells are us$1 ! amalgam traps sav+ any quicksilv] :i* may lea* (f ! plates4 ,! quicksilv] is add$ e h\r 9 ! mort>4 ,! quantity is regulat$ by ! mill manag] 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,?ree pieces ( wood1 #h 94 wide by #ab 94 long by #b 94 ?ick1 h #cb holes #a 94 deep bor$ 9 ea* ( !m4 ,^! holes w j take a small #b oz4 phial4 ,! mill manag] puts ! requir$ quantity ( quicksilv] 9 ea* bottle & ! batt]yman empties "o bottle 9 ea* mort> e h\r2 & puts x back 9 its hole upside d[n4 ,ea* block ( wood la/s eight h\rs1 ! duration ( "o man's %ift40 ,?is ( c\rse is = a #bj-;head mill ) f\r mort>s or 8boxes40 ,i comm5d ?is z an excell5t mode ( supply+ ! m]cury to ! boxes or mort>s4 ,! quantity to be add$ dep5ds on circum/ances4 ,a c>eless batt]y att5dant w (t5 put 9 too mu* or too little :5 work+ )\t ! automatic fe$]4 ,i h kn[n an att5dant on sudd5ly awak+ to ! fact half ?r\gh 8 %ift1 t he _h =gott5 to put 9 any m]cury1 to !n empty into ! /amp] box two or ?ree p\nds weight2 ) :at effect may be easily surmis$4 ,,h[ ,,wat] ,,%\ld ,,ent] ,,/amp] ,,boxes4 ,! foll[+ extract :i* relates to ,cali=nian ,gold ,mill practices is f ,bullet9 ,no4 #f ( ! ,cali=nia ,/ate ,m9+ ,bureau4 ,i q agree ) ! practice4 8,! batt]y wat] %\ld ent] bo? sides ( ! mort> 9 an ev5 quantity1 & %\ld be suffici5t to keep a fairly ?ick pulp :i* w dis*>ge freely ?r\gh ! grat+ or scre54 ,ab\t #abj cubic feet ( wat] p] ton ( cru%$ ore may be consid]$ an av]age1 or #h to #aj cubic feet p] /amp p] h\r4 8,scre5s ( diff]5t mat]ials & ) diff]5t orifices are us$2 ! mat]ials comprise wire clo? ( brass or /eel1 t\gh ,russian %eet iron1 ,engli% t9n$ plate1 &1 q rec5tly1 alum9ium bronze4 ,! #8alum9ium bronze' plates are mu* long] liv$ ?an ei!r ( ! o!r k9ds1 & h ! fur!r advantage t1 :5 worn out1 !y c be sold = ! value ( ! metal = remelt+2 ^! plates are b\ght & sold by ! p\nd1 & are said to conta9 #ie p] c5t4 ( copp] & #e p] c5t4 ( alum9ium4 ,/eel scre5s are n s mu* us$1 on acc\nt ( _! liability to ru/40 ,i h _h no exp]i5ce ) ! alum9ium bronze scre54 ,i presume1 h[ev]1 t x is us$ only = mills :]e m]cury is n put 9 ! mort>s1 o!rwise x w\ld surely become amalgamat$4 ,! same rem>k applies to brass wire clo? & t9n$ plate4 ,unless ! metal ( :i* !y are compos$ w n readily amalgamate ) m]cury1 ,i %\ld be *>y ( us+ new scre5 devices4 ,m]cury is a mo/ insidi\s metal & is (t5 f\nd mo/ unexpect$ly 9 places 9 ! batt]y :]e x %\ld n be4 ,probably alum9ium /eel w\ld be bett] ?an any sub/ance m5tion$4 ,x w\ld be h>d1 light1 /rong1 & n readily corrodible4 ,i am n aw>e if x has be5 tri$4 ,"u ! head+ ( 8,p[] = ,mills0 ! foll[+ is tak5 f ! same s\rce4 ,,p[] ,,= ,,mills4 8,z ! ,pelton :eel seems to f9d ! mo/ frequ5t application 9 ,cali=nia1 x may be conv5i5t = millm5 to h ! foll[+ rule1 applicable to ^! :eels3 8,:5 ! head ( wat] is kn[n 9 feet1 multiply x by #jjjbdadg1 & ! product is ! horse-p[] obta9able f "o m9]'s in* ( wat]4 8,! p[] necess>y = diff]5t mill p>ts is3 ,= ea* #hejlb4 /amp1 dropp+ #f in*es #ie times p] m9ute1 #acc h4p4 0 #gej 0 0 0 0 #aah 0 0 #fej 0 0 0 0 #ajj 0 ,= an #h-;in* by #aj-;in* ,blake patt]n rock-break] #ijj 0 ,= a ,frue or ,triumph vann]1 ) #bbj revolutions p] m9ute1#jej 0 ,= a #d-;feet clean-up pan1 mak+ #cj 0 0 #aej 0 ,= an amalgamat+ b>rel1 mak+ #cj 0 0 #bej 0 ,= a me*anical batea1 mak+ #cj 0 0 #ajj 0 ,! writ] has _h small practical exp]i5ce ( ! work+ ( t excell5t hydraulic motor1 ! ,pelton :eel1 b if by horse-p[] 9 ! table giv5 is meant nom9al horse-p[]1 x appe>s to be high4 ,work+ ) #hjj cwt4 /amps1 #hj bl[s a m9ute1 #a h4-p4 nom9al p] /amp w be f\nd suffici5t ) any good mod]n eng9e1 :i* has no fur!r burd5 ?an rais+ ! /amps & pump+ ! fe$ wat]4 ,x is always well1 h[ev]1 p>ticul>ly :5 provid+ eng9e p[]1 to err on ! "r side1 & make provision = m ?an is absolutely ne$$ = actual batt]y requirem5ts4 ,?is rule applies ) equal pot5cy to pump+ eng9es4 ,,to ,,avoid ,,loss ,,9 ,,clean+ ,,up4 ,! foll[+1 is a h9t to qu>tz mill manag]s ) respect to t common s\rce ( loss ( gold involv$ 9 ! almo/ inevitable loss ( m]cury 9 clean+ up op]ations4 ,i h kn[n hundr$s ( p\nds' wor? ( gold to be recov]$ f an old qu>tz mill site by ! simple process ( wa%+ up ! gr\nd "u ! floor4 ,if y _c af=d to floor ! :ole ( ! batt]y ) smoo? concrete1 at all ev5ts smoo?ly concrete ! floor ( ! clean+-up room1 & let ! floor slope t[>ds ! c5tre3 :]e a s9k is provid$4 ,any lo/ m]cury mu/ ?us f9d its way to ! c5tre1 :]e x w collect & c be pann$ (f f "t to "t4 ,( c\rse an und]gr\nd dra9 & m]cury trap mu/ be provid$4 ,,iron ,,extractor4 ,:5 us+ self-fe$]s1 fragm5ts ( /eel tools are especially liable to get into ! batt]y boxes or o!r cru%+ appliance :]e !y sometimes cause great mis*ief4 ,i believe ! foll[+ plan w\ld be a practicable rem$y = ?is evil4 ,by a belt f ! cam or c\nt] %aft1 cause a p[]ful electric magnet to extract all magnetic p>ticles2 !n1 by a simple rat*et movem5t1 at int]vals )draw ! magnet & drop ! adh]+ fragm5ts into a receptacle by automatically swit*+ (f ! electric curr5t4 ,a p[]ful ord9>y horse-%oe magnet might probably d j z well1 b w\ld require to be re-magnetis$ f "t to "t4 ,,to ,,silv] ,,copp] ,,plates4 ,to silv] copp] plates1 t is1 to amalgamate !m on ! face ) m]cury1 is really a mo/ simple op]ation1 ?\gh _m batt]y m5 make a great my/]y ( x4 ,inde$1 :5 ,i fir/ w5t into a qu>tz mill ! process deem$ necess>y 0 n only a v t$i\s "o1 b v dirty also4 ,to amalgamate ) silv]1 9 fact1 to silv]-plate y\r copp] )\t resort to ! electro-plat+ ba?1 take any old silv] 7fail+ t1 silv] co9 w d1 b is m exp5sive71 & dissolve x 9 some:at dilute nitric acid1 us+ only j suffici5t acid z w effect ! purpose4 ,:5 ! cry/als h =m$1 add suffici5t clean quick m]cury to =m a ?ick pa/y amalgam2 mod]ate heat w assi/ ! process4 ,aft] "s h\rs place ! ball ( amalgam 9 a piece ( /rong new calico & squeeze out any surplus m]cury4 ,ab\t an ounce ( silv] to ! foot ( copp] is suffici5t4 ,to apply x on new plates use some:at dilute nitric acid appli$ ) a swab to free ! surface ( ! copp] f oxides or impurities1 !n rub ! ball ( amalgam ov] ! surface1 us+ "s little =ce4 ,x is always well :5 copp]-plates are coat$ ) silv] or z9c by means ( m]cury to let !m /& dry = a day or two be=e us+1 z ! m]cury oxidises & ! coat+ metal m closely adh]es4 ,only ! v be/ copp]-plate procurable %\ld be us$ = batt]y tables2 bad copp] w always give tr\ble1 bo? 9 ! fir/ 8cur+10 & aft] treatm5t4 ,x %\ld n be heavily roll$ copp]1 z ! m por\s ! metal ! m easily w ! m]cury p5etrate & amalgamate4 ,i _c agree t any good is atta9$ by sc\r+ ! plates ) s& & alkalies1 z recomm5d$ 9 "s books on ! subject2 on ! contr>y1 ,i pref] ! opposite mode ( treatm5t1 & ei!r face ! plates ) nitrate ( silv] & nitrate ( m]cury1 or else ) sulphate ( z9c & m]cury1 9 ! =m ( :at is call$ z9c amalgam4 ,if m9e wat]1 :i* (t5 conta9s free sulphuric acid1 is be+ us$1 ! latt] plan is pref]able4 ,! copp] %\ld be plac$ smoo?ly on ! wood5 table & secur$ firmly !reto by copp] tacks4 ,if ! plate %\ld be b5t or buckl$1 x may be flatt5$ by beat+ x ) a heavy hamm]1 tak+ c>e to int]pose a piece ( in*-?ick s(t wood betwe5 hamm] & plate4 ,to coat ) m]cury only1 procure "s nitrate ( m]cury4 ,?is is easily made by plac+ m]cury 9 a glaz$ e>!nw>e b[l1 p\r+ some:at dilute nitric acid on x1 & lett+ x /& till ! metallic m]cury is *ang$ to a :ite cry/al4 ,d5se r$di%-br[n fumes w arise1 :i* are injuri\s if brea!d1 s ! op]ation %\ld be conduct$ ei!r 9 ! op5 air1 or :]e !re is a draught4 ,n[ h y\r silv]+ solution ready1 :i* is to be some:at dilut$ ) wat]1 next take two swabs1 ) h&les ab\t #ab in*es long1 dip ! fir/ into a bas9 conta9+ dilute nitric acid1 & rub x rapidly ov] ab\t a foot ( ! surface ( ! plate2 ! oxide ( copp] w be absolutely remov$1 & ! surface ( ! copp] r5d]$ pure & bright2 !n take ! o!r swab1 wet ) ! dilute nitrate ( m]cury1 & pass x ov] ! clean surface1 rubb+ x well 94 ,cont9ue ?is till ! :ole plate has a coat+ ( m]cury4 ,x may be well to g ov] x m ?an once4 ,!n turn on ! wat] & wa% ! plate clean1 spr9kle ) metallic m]cury1 rubb+ x upw>ds until ! plate w hold no m4 ,a bas9 ) nitrate ( m]cury may be kept h&y1 & ! plates t\*$ up f "t to "t = a few days until !y get amalgamat$ ) gold1 aft] :i*1 unless y h mu* base metal to cont5d )1 !y w give no fur!r tr\ble4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t an excessive use ( nitric acid w result 9 wa/e ( m]cury1 :i* w be c>ri$ (f 9 a milky /ream ) ! wat]2 & also t x w cause ! amalgam to become v h>d1 & less active 9 attract+ o!r p>ticles ( gold4 ,if y are treat+ ! plate ) nitrate ( silv] prep>$ z already m5tion$1 clean ! plate ) dilute nitric acid1 rub ! surface ) ! ball ( amalgam1 foll[+ ) ! swab & fairly rubb+ 94 ,x w be well to prep>e ! plate "s days be=e requir+ to use x1 z a bett] adhesion ( ! silv] & copp] takes place ?an if m]cury is appli$ at once4 ,to amalgamate ) z9c amalgam1 clean ! copp] plate by means ( a swab1 ) fairly /rong sulphuric acid dilut$ ) wat]2 !n :ile wet apply ! z9co-m]cury amalgam & well rub 94 ,to prep>e ! z9c amalgam1 clip "s z9c 7! l9+ ( pack+ cases w d7 into small pieces & imm]se !m 9 m]cury aft] wa%+ !m ) a little weak sulphuric acid & wat] to remove any coat+ ( oxide4 ,:5 ! m]cury w absorb no m z9c1 squeeze ?r\gh *amois lea!r or calico 7z = silv] amalgam71 & well rub 94 ,! plate ?us prep>$ %\ld /& = a few days1 dry1 be=e us+4 ,if1 be=e amalgamation ) gold takes place1 oxide ( copp] or o!r scum %\ld rise on ?is plate a little v dilute sulphuric acid w in/antly remove x4 ,sodium & cyanide ( potassium are frequ5tly us$ 9 dress+-plates1 b ! =m] %\ld be v sp>+ly employ$1 z x w (t5 d m h>m ?an good by tak+ up all sorts ( base metals ) ! amalgam1 & s pres5t+ a surface :i* ! gold w pass ov] )\t adh]+ to4 ,:]e wat] is sc>ce1 & is consequ5tly us$ ov] & ov] aga91 lime may be add$ to ! pulp1 or1 if lime is n procurable1 wood a%es may be us$4 ,! effect is two-fold2 ! lime n only t5ds to 8sweet50 sulphide ores & keep ! tables clean1 b also causes ! wat] to cleanse itself m quickly ( ! slimes1 :i* w be m rapidly precipitat$4 ,:5 z9c amalgam is us$1 alkalies w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be detrim5tal4 ,:5 no o!r wat] ?an t f ! m9e is available1 difficulties (t5 arise ow+ to ! impurities x conta9s4 ,^! are v>i\s1 b among ! mo/ common are ! soluble sulphates1 & sometimes free sulphuric acid evolv$ by ! oxidisation ( metallic sulphides4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ?is difficulty1 d "o ( two ?+s3 ei!r utilise or neutralise4 ,9 c]ta9 cases1 ,i recomm5d ! =m]4 ,"s "t s9ce ,i 0 treat+1 = gold extraction1 mat]ial f a m9e :i* 0 v complex 9 "*4 ,= ?is ore ,i co9$ ! t]m 8polysyn!tic40 ,?is conta9$ ab\t half a doz5 diff]5t sulphides4 ,! upp] p>ts ( ! lode be+ p>tially oxidis$1 free sulphuric acid 7,h,,s7 0 evolv$4 ,i !re=e1 foll[+ out a =m] discov]y1 add$ a little metallic z9c to ! m]cury 9 ! boxes & on ! plates ) excell5t results4 ,:5 ! free acid 9 ! ore began to give out 9 ! l[] levels ,i add$ m9ute quantities ( sulphuric acid to ! wat] f "t to "t4 ,i h s9ce f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ) "s wat]1 p>ticul>ly ,we/ ,au/ralian1 ! reaction is s feeble 7probably ow+ to ! lime & magnesia pres5t7 z to make ?is mode ( treatm5t unsuitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,,dolly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce;,a4 ,,primitive ,,dolly4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,dolly4 ,i h se5 "s r elaborate dollies1 int5d$ to be work$ ) amalgamat+ tables1 b ! usual prototype ( ! qu>tz mill is set up1 m or less1 z foll[s3 ,a tree /ump1 f #i 94 to a foot diamet]1 is levell$ (f smoo?ly at ab\t #b ft4 f ! gr\nd2 on ?is is firmly fix$ a circul> plate ( 94 iron1 say #i 94 9 diamet]2 a b& ( _/ 94 iron1 ab\t #h or #i 94 9 height1 fits m or less closely r\nd ! plate 7,fig4 #ce74 ,?is is ! batt]y box4 ,a beam ( heavy wood1 ab\t #c 94 diamet] & #f ft4 long1 %od ) iron1 is v]tically susp5d$1 ab\t #i 94 above ! /ump1 f a flexible sapl+ ) j suffici5t spr+ 9 above ! /ump1 f a flexible sapl+ ) j suffici5t spr+ 9 x to raise ! pe/le to ! requir$ height4 ,ab\t #b ft4 f ! bottom ! hang+ beam is pi]c$ ) an aug] hole & a r\nd$ piece ( wood1 #a 94 by #ah 941 is driv5 ?r\gh to s]ve z a h&le = ! man :o is to d ! p\nd+4 ,8 mate breaks ! /one to ab\t #b 94 gauge & fe$s ! box1 lift+ ! r+ f "t to "t to sweep (f ! triturat$ gangue1 :i* he scre5s ?r\gh a sieve into a pan & wa%es (f1 ei!r by means ( a cradle or simply by pann+4 ,9 dolly+ x g5]ally pays to burn ! /one1 z s mu* lab\r 9 cru%+ is ?us sav$4 ,a c\ple ( small kilns to hold ab\t a ton ea* dug out ( a clay bank w be f\nd to save fuel :]e firewood is sc>ce1 & w m ?or\ghly burn ! /one & dissipate ! base metals1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t gold f burnt /one is liable to become s encru/$ ) ! base metal oxides z to be difficult to amalgamate4 ,fig4 #ce;,a repres5ts ano!r primitive dolly 7,plate ,,vi4 h& dolly+74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,h& ,,dolly+ ,to face p4 #aeb ,,r\gh ,,w9dlass4 ,make two ,/4 ,&rew's crosses ) f\r sapl+s1 ! upp] angle be+ %ort] ?an ! l[]2 fix ^! upright1 "o at ea* end ( ! %aft2 /ay !m toge!r by cross pieces till y h con/ruct$ some?+ l a 8horse10 su* z is us$ = saw+ wood1 ! crut* be+ a little ov] #c feet high4 ,select a log = a w9dlass b>rel1 ab\t #f 94 diamet] & a foot long] ?an ! di/ance betwe5 ! supports1 z /raight z is procurable2 cut 9 x two circul> slots ab\t an in* deep by #b 94 wide to fit into ! =ks2 at "o end cut a /raight slot #b 94 deep across ! face4 ,n[ get a crook$ b\gh1 z ne>ly ! %ape ( a h&le z nature has produc$ x1 & trim x into "r angul> %ape1 fit "o end into ! b>rel1 & y h a w9dlass t w pull up _m a ton ( /uff4 ,,puddl]4 ,?is is made by excavat+ a circul> hole ab\t #b ft4 #i 94 deep &1 say1 #ab ft4 9 diamet]4 ,an out] & inn] wall are !n con/ruct$ ( slabs #b ft4 #f 94 9 height to gr\nd level1 ! out] wall be+ ?us #cj ft4 & ! inn] #ae ft4 9 circumf]5ce4 ,! circul> space betwe5 is floor$ ) smoo? h>d-wood slabs or bo>ds1 & ! :ole made secure & wat]-tight4 ,9 ! middle ( ! inn] enclosure a /\t po/ is plant$1 to /& a few in*es above ! wall1 & ! surr\nd+ space is fill$ up ) clay ramm$ tight4 ,a /rong iron p9 is ins]t$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! po/1 on :i* is fitt$ a revolv+ beam1 :i* hangs across ! :ole circumf]5ce ( ! ma*9e & protrudes a c\ple ( feet or s on ea* side4 ,to ?is beam are atta*$1 ) %ort *a9s1 a c\ple ( drags made l ,v-%ap$ h>r[s by driv+ pieces ( rod iron ?r\gh a heavy frame1 %ap$ z a rectangul> triangle 7,fig4 #cf74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,,puddl+ ,,ma*9e 7,,sectional ,,view74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,,puddl+ ,,ma*9e4 ,to "o end ( ! beam an old horse is atta*$1 :o1 z he sl[ly walks r\nd ! circul> track1 causes ! h>r[s & drags to s puddle ! wa%dirt & wat] 9 ! great wood5 enclosure t ! clay is gradually dis9tegrat$1 & fl[s (f ) ! wat] :i* is f "t to "t admitt$4 ,! clean gravel is !n run ?r\gh a 8cradle10 8long ,tom10 or 8sluice10 & ! gold sav$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! simple/ =m ( gold m9+4 ,9 ! great alluvial m9es o!r & m intricate appliances are us$1 b ! pr9ciple ( extraction is ! same4 ,a ,,make%ift ,,pump4 ,to make a tempor>y small 8draw-lift0 pump1 :i* w "w d[n to a hundr$ feet or m if requir$1 take a l>ge size common suction ,d\glas pump1 &1 aft] remov+ ! top & ! h&le1 fix ! pump z close to ! highe/ level ( ! wat] 9 ! %aft z c be arrang$4 ,n[ make a squ>e wat]-tight wood5 column ( slightly great] capacity ?an ! suction pipe1 fix ?is to ! top ( ! pump1 & by means ( wood5 rods1 "w ! :ole f ! surface1 us+ ei!r a long] lev]$ h&le or1 ) a little +5uity1 horse-p[]4 ,if y c get x ! iron d[npipe us$ to c>ry ! wat] f ! gutt]+ ( h\ses is m easily adapt$ = ! pipe column2 !n1 also1 iron pump rods c be us$1 b ,i h rais$ wat] betwe5 #fj & #gj feet ) a l>ge size ,d\glas pump provid$ only ) a wood5 column & rods4 ,,squeez+ ,,amalgam4 ,= squeez+ amalgam1 /rong calico1 n too co>se1 previ\sly soak$ 9 clean wat]1 is q z good z ord9>y *amois lea!r4 ,"s gold is f9e en\gh to escape ?r\gh ei!r4 ,,m]cury ,,extractor4 ,! m]cury extractor or amalgam sep>ator 7,fig4 #ch7 is a ma*9e :i* is v simple 9 con/ruction1 & is /at$ to mo/ effici5t 9 extract+ quicksilv] f amalgam1 z x requires b f two to ?ree m9utes to extract ! bulk ( ! m]cury f "o hundr$ p\nds ( amalgam1 leav+ ! amalgam dri] ?an :5 /ra9$ 9 ! ord9>y way by squeez+ ?r\gh *amois lea!r or calico4 ,! pr9ciple is t ( ! ,de ,laval cream sep>ator--i4e41 rapid c5trifugal motion4 ,! appliance is easily put toge!r1 & z easily tak5 ap>t4 ,! cyl9d] is made ( /eel1 & is run at a v high rate ( spe$4 ,! g5]al con/ruction ( ! appliance is z foll[s3 ,! cas+ or receiv] is a /eel cyl9d]1 :i* has a pivot at ! bottom to receive ! /ep = an upright holl[ %aft1 to :i* a second cyl9d] ( small] diamet] is atta*$4 ,! second cyl9d] is p]=at$1 & a f9e wire clo? is ins]t$4 ,! m]cury1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! clo?1 is dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! p]=ations4 ,:5 ! ma*9e is revolv$ at great spe$1 ! m]cury is =c$ into ! outside cyl9d]1 leav+ ! amalgam1 :i* has be5 fir/ plac$ 9 a calico or canvas bag1 9 a mu* dri] /ate ?an x c\ld be /ra9$ by h&4 ,:ile n prep>$ to endorse absolutely all t is claim$ = ?is appliance1 ,i consid] t x has me*anical probability on its side1 & t :]e l>ge quantities ( amalgam h to be treat$ x w be f\nd useful & effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,,m]cury ,,extractor4 ,,sluice ,,plates4 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,drake = ! foll[+ acc\nt ( sluice plates1 :i* ,i h nev] tri$1 b ?9k ! device wor? att5tion3 8,an addition has be5 made to ! gold-sav+ appliances by ! plac+ ( :at are call$ 9 ,am]ica1 #8sluice plates' bel[ ! ord9>y table4 ,! pulp n[ fl[s ov] an amalgamat+ surface1 #ad ft4 long by #d ft4 wide1 slop+ #a 94 to ! foot1 & is !n contract$ into a copp]-plat$ sluice #ae ft4 long by #ad 94 wide1 hav+ a fall ( #a 94 to ! foot4 ,our mill manag] 7,mr4 ,g4 ,c4 ,knapp71 advocat$ ^! sluice plates = a long "t be=e ,i w\ld cons5t to a trial4 ,i cont5d$ t z we got little or no amalgam f ! l[] end ( our table plates1 !re 0 no gold go+ away capable ( be+ recov]$ by copp] plates2 & ev5 if x 71 n>r[ sluice plates 7 a /ep 9 ! wrong direction4 ,if any?+1 ! amalgamat+ surface %\ld be wid5$ to give ! p>ticles ( gold a bett] *ance to settle4 ,8 argum5t 0 t ! conditions %\ld be *ang$2 by n>r[+ ! /ream & giv+ x less fall1 gold1 :i* 0 incapable ( amalgamation on ! wide plates1 w\ld be sav$4 ,we f9ally put "o 91 & x prov$ s successful t we n[ h "o at ! end ( ea* table4 ,! p]c5tage recov]$ on ! sluice plates1 ( ! total yield1 v>ies1 & has be5 z foll[s3--,octob]1 #ia p] c5t42 ,novemb]1 #fi p] c5t42 ,decemb]1 #fd p] c5t42 ,janu>y1 #dc p] c5t42 ,febru>y1 #ic p] c5t40 ,,measur+ ,,inaccessible ,,di/ances4 ,to asc]ta9 ! wid? ( a difficult gorge1 a deep riv]1 or trea*]\s swamp )\t cross+ & measur+1 sight a conspicu\s object at ! edge ( ! bank on ! f>!r side2 !n z ne>ly opposite & squ>e z possible plant a /ake ab\t five feet high1 walk along ! ne>] m>g9 to :at y guess to be half ! di/ance across 7exactitude 9 ?is respect is n mat]ial to ! result71 !re plant ano!r /ake1 & cont9u+ 9 a /raight l9e put 9 a ?ird4 ,! /akes mu/ be equal di/ances ap>t & z ne>ly z possible at a "r angle to ! fir/ l9e4 ,n[1 c>ry+ 9 h& a f\r? /ake1 /rike a l9e inl& at "r angles to ! base & z soon z sight+ ov] ! f\r? /ake1 y c get ! f\r? & second /akes & ! object on ! opposite %ore 9 l9e y\r problem is complete4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ,no4 #d & ,no4 #c /akes is ! same z t betwe5 ,no4 #a & ! opposite bank 7,fig4 #ci74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,,measur+ ,,inaccessible ,,di/ances4 ,,to ,,set ,,out ,a ,,"r ,,angle ,,) ,a ,,tape4 ,measure #dj ft4 on ! l9e to :i* y wi% to run at "r angles1 & put pegs at ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #dj72 !n1 ) ! end ( ! tape held c>efully at ,a1 take #hj ft41 & h ! #hj ft4 m>k held at ,b4 ,take ! #ej ft4 m>k & pull f ,a & ,b until ! tape lies /raight & ev51 y w !n h ! po9t ,c p]p5dicul> to ,,ab4 ,cont9ue /raight l9es by sight+ ov] two /icks 9 ! well-kn[n way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,ano!r ,me?od4--,/ick a p9 9 ea* corn] ( a squ>e bo>d 7,fig4 #da71 & look diagonally across !m1 fir/ 9 ! direction ( ! l9e to :i* y wi% to run at "r angles1 & !n = ! new l9e sight across ! o!r two p9s4 ,a ,,simple ,,levell+ ,,in/rum5t4 ,fa/5 a common c>p5t]'s squ>e 9 a slit to ! top ( a /ake by means ( a screw1 & !n tie a plumb-l9e at ! angle s t x may hang along ! %ort arm1 :5 ! plumb-l9e hangs v]tically & sights may be tak5 ov] x4 ,a c>p5t]'s _s-level set on an adju/able /& w d z well4 ,! o!r arm w !n be a level 7,fig4 #db74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,,levell+ ,,in/rum5ts4 ,ano!r v simple1 b effective1 device = f9d+ a level l9e is by means ( a triangle ( wood made ( half-in* bo>ds f #i to #ab ft4 long 7,fig4 #dc74 ,to make ! legs level1 set ! triangle up on fairly level gr\nd1 susp5d a plummet f ! top & m>k on ! cross-piece :]e ! l9e t\*es x4 ,!n rev]se ! triangle1 end = end1 exactly1 & m>k ! new l9e ! plumb-l9e makes4 ,n[ make a new m>k exactly half way betwe5 ! two1 & :5 ! plumb-l9e co9cides ) ?is1 ! two legs are /&+ on level gr\nd4 ,= %ort wat] races ?is is a v h&y me?od ( lay+ out a level l9e4 ,,to ,,measure ,,! ,,height ,,( ,a ,,/&+ ,,tree4 ,take a /ake ab\t y\r own height1 & walk+ f ! butt ( ! tree to :at y judge to be ! height ( ! timb] portion y want1 drive y\r /ake into ! gr\nd till ! top is level ) y\r eyes2 n[ lie /raight out on y\r back1 plac+ y\r feet aga9/ ! /ake1 & sight a po9t on ! tree 7see ,fig4 #dd74 ,,ab equals ,,bc4 ,if ,,bc is1 say1 #dj ft41 t w be ! height ( y\r 8/ick ( timb]40 ,?us1 mu* lab\r may be sav$ 9 fell+ trees ! timb] portion ( :i* may aft]w>ds be f\nd to be too %ort = y\r purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,measur+ ,height ( a ,/&+ ,tree4 ,,levell+ ,,by ,,an]oid ,,b>omet] 7,fig4 #de74 ,?is %\ld be us$ m = asc]ta9+ relatively l>ge diff]5ces 9 altitudes ?an = purposes :]e any great nicety is requir$4 ,= hills "u #bjjj ft41 ! foll[+ rule w give a v close approximation1 & is easily rememb]$1 because #ee1 ! assum$ temp]ature1 agrees ) #ee1 ! significant figures 9 ! #ee1jjj factor1 :ile ! fractional correction conta9s two f\rs4 ,obs]ve ! altitudes & also ! temp]atures on ! ,fahr5heit !rmomet] at top & bottom respectively1 ( ! hill1 & take ! mean betwe5 !m4 ,let ,b repres5t ! mean altitude & b ! mean temp]ature4 ,!n #eejjj 7,b-b _/ ,b b7 height ( ! hill 9 feet = ! temp]ature ( #ee4 ,add #a_/ddj ( ?is result = e degree ! mean temp]ature exce$s #ee2 or subtract z mu* = e degree bel[ #ee4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,,an]oid ,,b>omet]4 ,,to ,,det]m9e ,,heights ,,( ,,objects4 ,by ,%ad[s4 #a4 ,set up v]tically a /ick ( kn[n l5g?1 & measure ! l5g? ( its %ad[ ^u a horizontal or o!r plane2 measure also ! l5g? ( ! %ad[ ?r[n by ! object ^: height is requir$4 ,!n x w be3--,z ! l5g? ( ! /ick's %ad[ is to ! l5g? ( ! /ick itself1 s is ! l5g? ( ! %ad[ ( ! object to ! object's height4 ,by ,reflection4 ,place a vessel ( wat] ^u ! gr\nd & rec$e f x until y see ! top ( ! object reflect$ f ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,!n x w be3--,z y\r horizontal di/ance f ! po9t ( reflection is to ! height ( y\r eye above ! reflect+ surface1 s is ! horizontal di/ance ( ! foot ( ! object f ! vessel to its altitude above ! said surface4 ,in/rum5tally4 ,read ! v]tical angle1 & multiply its natural tang5t by ! di/ance betwe5 in/rum5t & foot ( object2 ! result is ! height4 ,:5 mu* accuracy is n requir$ v]tical angles c be measur$ by means ( a quadrant ( simple con/ruction1 repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,! arc ,,ab is a quadrant1 graduat$ 9 degrees f ,b to ,a2 ,c1 ! po9t f :i* ! plummet ,p is susp5d$1 be+ ! c5tre ( ! quadrant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,:5 ! sights ,,ac are direct$ t[>ds any object1 ,s1 ! degrees 9 ! arc1 ,,bp1 are ! measure ( ! angle ( elevation1 ,,sad1 ( ! object4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,dep? ,,( ,a ,,%aft4 ,rule3--,squ>e ! numb] ( seconds a /one takes to rea* ! bottom & multiply by #af4 ,?us1 if a /one takes #e seconds to fall to ! bottom ( a %aft-- #e #be2 & #be #af #djj feet1 ! requir$ dep? ( %aft4 ,,description ,,( ,,plan ,,= ,,re-,,us+ ,,wat]4 ,:]e wat] is sc>ce x may be necess>y to use x repeat$ly4 ,9 a case ( ?is k9d 9 ,egypt1 ! ,arab m9]s h adopt$ an +5i\s me?od1 :i* is %[n 9 ,fig4 #dg1 & may be adapt$ to almo/ any set ( conditions4 ,at a is a sump or wat]-pit2 b is an incl9$ plane on :i* ! m9]al is wa%$ & :5ce ! wat] escapes into a tank c2 d is a conduit = tak+ ! wat] back to a2 e is a conduit or lev] pump = rais+ ! wat]4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( filtration c\ld easily be manag$ dur+ ! passage f c to a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,,cool+ ,,comp\nd ,,= ,,heat$ ,,be>+s4 ,m]curial o9tm5t mix$ ) black cyl9d] oil & appli$ e qu>t] ( an h\r1 or z (t5 z exp$i5t4 ,! foll[+ is also recomm5d$ z a good cool+ comp\nd = heavy be>+s3--,tall[ #b lb41 plumbago #f oz41 sug> ( lead #d oz4 ,melt ! tall[ ) g5tle heat & add ! o!r +r$i5ts1 /irr+ until cold4 ,,clean+ ,,greasy ,,plumm] ,,blocks4 ,:51 ?r\gh c>elessness or unprev5table causes1 plumm] blocks & o!r deta*able portions ( ma*9]y become clogg$ ) /icky deposits ( grease & impurities1 a simple mode ( cleans+ ! same is to take ab\t #ajjj p>ts by weight ( boil+ wat]1 to :i* add ab\t #aj or #ae p>ts ( ord9>y wa%+ soda4 ,keep ! wat] on ! boil & place !re9 ! portions ( ! ma*9e t are to be clean$2 ?is treatm5t has ! effect ( quickly loos5+ all grease1 oil1 & dirt1 aft] :i* ! metal is ?or\ghly wa%$ & dri$4 ,! action ( ! lye is to =m ) ! grease a soap soluble 9 wat]4 ,to prev5t lubricat+ oil h>d5+ ^u ! p>ts ( ! ma*9]y :5 9 use1 add a ?ird "p ( k]os5e4 ,,prev5t+ ,,scal+ ,,& ,,prim+ ,,9 ,,boil]s4 ,graphite 8black-lead0 add$ to ! wat] 9 a boil] prev5ts scal+ & prim+4 ,my me?od is to pa9t ! inside ( ! boil] ) a good coat ( graphite mix$ ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( ?9 gruel1 & let x /& till dry4 ,x w n be amiss to give a second coat be=e gett+ up /eam4 ,ev5 if slight scal+ has already tak5 place1 ! graphite p>ticles w p5etrate & ! scale come away gradually4 ,,cle>+ ,,scale-,,/opp$ ,,pipes4 ,:]e ! wat] conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( m9]al 9 solution1 ! pipes1 p>ticul>ly ! small ones1 in* to two in*1 quickly become useless because ( ! rapid deposition ( scale4 ,i h se5 9 ,we/ ,au/ralia tons ( small pipes ?r[n on to ! scrap heap aft] a few mon?s use1 because ( ?is difficulty4 ,! treatm5t n[ indicat$1 :i* is my own inv5tion1 w make su* pipes z good z new at small exp5se4 ,h a brick tr\gh a little long] ?an y\r pipe4 ,9 ?is put a fire ( wood1 *>coal1 coke1 or a mixture ( su* fuel4 ,lay ! pipes1 a few at a "t1 9 ?is4 ,heat sl[ly to *]ry r$4 ,!n ) p9*]s sudd5ly imm]se 9 a second tr\gh ( cold wat]1 support+ "o end above ! wat] level4 ,mo/ ( ! scale or incru/ation w be viol5tly eject$4 ,) a long pipe1 if ! heat has n be5 regul>1 "s may /ill adh]e4 ,!n usually tapp+ ) a hamm] w deta* x4 ,if n1 a second heat+ & imm]sion w d s1 leav+ ! int]ior z clean z :5 made4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to add t 'tis be/ to /& cle> ( ! ends :5 ! explosion takes place4 ,,an ,,excell5t ,,anti-,,friction ,,comp\nd4 ,= use on cams & /amp] %anks1 :i* w be h>mless %\ld x drop into ! mort> or /amp] boxes1 is graphite 7black-lead7 & s(t soap4 ,:5 ! guides are wood51 ! s(t soap ne$ n be add$2 graphite 8black-lead0 made into a pa/e ) wat] w act admirably4 ,,to ,,clean ,,brass4 ,oxalic acid #a oz41 rott5 /one #f oz41 p[d]$ gum arabic oz41 sweet oil #a oz4 ,rub on ) a piece ( rag4 ,a ,,solv5t ,,= ,,ru/4 ,x is (t5 v difficult1 & sometimes impossible1 to remove ru/ f articles made ( iron4 ,^? :i* are v ?ickly coat$ are mo/ easily clean$ by be+ imm]s$ 9 a ne>ly saturat$ solution ( *loride ( t94 ,! l5g? ( "t !y rema9 9 ?is ba? is det]m9$ by ! ?ickness ( ! coat+ ( ru/4 ,g5]ally f twelve to tw5ty-f\r h\rs is long en\gh4 ,,to ,,protect ,,iron ,,& ,,/eel ,,f ,,ru/4 ,! foll[+ me?od is b little kn[n1 al?\gh x des]ves pref]5ce ov] _m o!rs4 ,add #g oz4 ( quicklime to #a p9ts ( cold wat]4 ,let ! mixture /& until ! sup]natant fluid is entirely cle>4 ,!n p\r ?is (f1 & mix ) x en\gh olive oil to =m a ?ick cream1 or r to ! consi/5cy ( melt$ & recongeal$ butt]4 ,grease ! articles ( iron or /eel ) ?is comp\nd1 & !n wrap !m up 9 pap]1 or if ?is _c be done1 apply ! mixture some:at m ?ickly4 ,,to ,,keep ,,ma*9]y ,,f ,,ru/+4 ,take #a oz4 ( camphor1 dissolve x 9 #a lb4 ( melt$ l>d2 mix ) x 7aft] remov+ ! scum7 z mu* f9e graphite z w give x an iron col\r2 clean ! ma*9]y1 & sme> x ) ?is mixture4 ,aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs rub (f & clean ) s(t1 l95 clo?4 ,?is mixture w keep ma*9]y clean = mon?s "u ord9>y circum/ances4 ,,fire-,,lute4 ,an excell5t fire-lute is made ( eight p>ts %>p s&1 two p>ts good clay1 & "o "p horse-dung2 mix & temp] l mort>4 ,,rope-,,splic+4 ,a %ort splice is made by unlay+ ! ends ( two pieces ( rope to a suffici5t l5g?1 !n int]lay+ !m z 9 ,fig4 #dh 7upp] cut71 draw !m close & pu% ! /r&s ( "o "u ! /r&s ( ! o!r sev]al times z %[n 9 ! l[] cut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,?is splice makes a ?ick lump on ! rope & is only us$ = sl+s1 block-/raps1 cables1 c4 ,,app5dix 7,,select$ ,,data ,,= ,,m9+ ,,m57 ,,to ,,f9d ,,lo/ ,,"p ,,( ,,ve9 ,zimm]mann's rule = f9d+ ! lo/ "p ( a ve9 on ! o!r side ( a ve91 is z foll[s3-- ,lay d[n ^u pap] ! l9e ( /rike ( lode & ! l9e ( /rike ( ! fault 7cross-c\rse71 & by con/ruction asc]ta9 ! horizontal projection ( ! l9e ( _! int]section2 f ! po9t :]e ! cross-c\rse 0 /ruck by ! lode1 draw a l9e at "r angles to ! /rike ( ! =m] & direct$ to its opposite wall4 ,notice on :i* side ( ! l9e ( int]section ?is p]p5dicul> falls1 & aft] cutt+ ?r\gh ! cross-c\rse1 seek ! 8heav$0 "p ( ! lode on t side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,?us let ,,ab 7,fig4 #di7 repres5t1 at any dep?1 ! l9e ( /rike ( a fault or cross-c\rse dipp+ ea/1 & ,,cd ! l9e ( /rike ( a lode dipp+ s\?1 & we w suppose t 9 driv+ f ,c to ,d 9 a we/]ly direction1 ! fault has be5 met ) at ,d4 ,kn[+ ! dip ( ! lode & t ( ! fault1 x is easy to lay d[n on any giv5 scale1 ,a,b & ,c,d1 ! l9es ( /rike ( ! fault & lode respectively at a c]ta9 dep?1 say #aj fa?oms1 bel[ ,,ab4 ,! po9t ,d1 :]e ,a,b & ,c,d meet1 is "o po9t ( ! l9e ( int]section4 ,jo9 ,d & ,d1 & prolong on bo? sides4 ,! l9e ,,mn repres5ts ! horizontal projection ( ! l9e ( int]section ( ! two planes4 ,at ,d erect ,,de at "r angles & direct$ t[>ds ! opposite wall ( ! fault4 ,z ,,de falls s\? ( ,,mn1 ! m9]1 aft] cutt+ ?r\gh ! fault1 w\ld drive 9 a s\!rly direction & ev5tually /rike ! lode aga9 at ,f4 ,x w be at once und]/ood t if ! m9] 7 foll[+ ! lode f b to ,f1 ! p]p5dicul> w\ld lie to ! nor? ( ! l9e ( int]section1 & foll[+ ! rule1 he w\ld drive 9 t direction1 aft] cutt+ ?r\gh ! fault4 ,:5 sev]al faults 9 succession dislocate a lode1 v great complications may arise4 ,,! ,,calculation ,,( ,,ore ,,res]ves4#d ,hav+ f9i%$ ! survey ( a metallif]\s m9e1 ! surveyor is sometimes call$ ^u to calculate ! quantity ( ore res]ves 9 t m9e4 ,v>i\s me?ods are employ$ = ?is purpose4 #d ,b5nett ,h4 ,br\gh's 8,treatise on ,m9e ,survey+10 six? edition1 p4 #afe4 ,inde$1 diff]5t surveyors w n agree )9 wide limits z to ! am\nt ( ore res]ves 9 ! same m9e4 ,sometimes ! am\nt ( ore 9 sight w be consid]$ to be a rectangul> block1 limit$ by ! outcrop ( ! ve91 ! dep? ( ! %aft1 & ! extreme po9ts ( ! levels1 dim9i%$ by ! am\nt extract$4 ,o!r surveyors w\ld avoid s excessive an am\nt1 & take b "o-?ird ( t am\nt4 ,! foll[+ me?od is recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,murphy1 an exp]i5c$ ,am]ican m9+ eng9e]1 z ! faire/ & mo/ tru/wor?y3-- ,let x be requir$ to calculate ! ore res]ves 9 a m9e op5$ up on a ve9 ) a mean cross section ( #f feet2 a cubic foot ( ! ve9 matt] 9 place weigh+ #aej lb4 ,! ore /opes are g5]ally v irregul>4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 x may be suppos$ t ! /ope faces are #aa feet ap>t & #h feet high4 ,!re is an incl9$ %aft1 #aj feet by #f feet1 foll[+ ! dip ( ! ve91 & six levels1 ea* #g feet by #f feet1 #ajj feet ap>t4 ,! l5g?s ( ! levels are-- ,i4 #bjj feet we/ #aej feet ea/4 ,,ii4 #afj 0 #ajj 0 ,,iii4 #abj 0 #djj 0 ,,iv4 #ajj feet we/ #adj feet ea/4 ,v4 #afe 0 #ahj 0 ,,vi4 #cej 0 #aej 0 ,! longe/ level we/ is #cej feet1 & ! %orte/ #ajj feet4 ,assum+ ! b\nd+ l9e ( ! area ( available ore to be at a di/ance we/ ( ! %aft-- #ajj 7#cej-ajj7 #bbe feet --------- #b ,if ! longe/ level ea/ is #djj feet1 & ! %orte/ #ajj feet1 ! b\nd+ l9e 9 ?is direction1 calculat$ 9 a simil> way1 w be at a di/ance ( #bej feet f ! %aft4 ,! incl9$ %aft has op5$ up ! ve9 = #fgj feet4 ,d$uct+1 say1 #ae feet = ! irregul>ity ( ! surface1 ! quantity ( ore 9 sight w be a rectangul> block #fee feet deep1 #bbe #bej1 or #dge feet long & #f feet wide1 t is #a1hff1gej cubic feet4 ,f ?is quantity1 h[ev]1 mu/ be d$uct$ ! quantity ( ore extract$1 namely3-- ,cubic ,feet4 ,incl9$ %aft #ffe #aj #f #ci1ijj ,level ,i4 #cej #g #f #ad1gjj 0 ,,ii4 #bfj #g #f #aj1ibj 0 ,,iii4 #ebj #g #f #ba1hdj 0 ,,iv4 #bdj #g #f #aj1jhj 0 ,v4 #cde #g #f #ad1dij 0 ,,vi4 #ejj #g #f #ba1jjj 0 ,i4 ,/op$ ea/ 7r\gh e/imate7 #c1djj 0 ,i4 0 we/ #f1ejj 0 ,,ii4 0 we/ #g1jjj 0 ,,iii4 0 ea/ #bj1jjj 0 ,,vi4 0 we/ #ab1jjj -------- ,total #aha1ecj ,or 9 r\nd numb]s #ahb1jjj ,?is quantity1 d$uct$ f #a1hff1gej cubic feet1 leave #a1fhd1gej cubic feet4 ,divid$ by #ac1 ! numb] ( cubic feet requir$ = a ton1 ?is gives #abd1gig tons ( ore 9 sight4 ,! quantity ( ore discov]$ 9 a m9e may be e/imat$ f its specific gravity & ! av]age size ( ! ve94 ,! specific gravity ( ! ore1 ) t ( wat] tak5 at #ajjj = /&>d is equal to ! numb] ( ounces 9 a cubic foot4 ,great caution is necess>y to det]m9e ! proportion ( ! ve9 :i* may be consid]$ solid ore4 ,a ve9 #f feet squ>e & #a in* ?ick1 conta9s #c cubic feet1 !re=e1 9 ord] to f9d ! numb] ( cubic feet p] squ>e fa?om ( a ve91 x is m]ely necess>y to multiply ! ?ickness 9 in*es by ?ree4 ,! foll[+ example illu/rates ! me?od ( f9d+ ! weight ( any ore p] squ>e fa?om 9 a ve94 ,:at quantity ( gal5a w be produc$ p] squ>e fa?om f a m9]al ve9 #f in*es 9 wid?8 ,"o qu>t] ( ! ve9 consi/s ( gal5a1 ! rema9d] ( z9c-bl5de4 ,"o-tw5tie? mu/ be all[$ = cavities 9 ! ve94 ,! specific gravity ( gal5a is #ge1 & a cubic foot ( wat] weighs #ajjj ounces2 !re=e a cubic foot ( gal5a weighs #gejj ounces4 ,! ve9 be+ #f in*es ?ick1 !re are #ah cubic feet 9 a squ>e fa?om4 ,"o qu>t] ( t am\nt1 or #de cubic feet1 consi/s ( gal5a4 ,! weight ( gal5a 9 ounces is !re=e3 #gejj #de #cc1gej #bajicge lb4 ,f ?is "o-tw5tie? or #ajedfh lb4 -------------- mu/ be d$uct$1 leav+ #bjjcijg lb4 or #ag cwt4 #c qr4 #ae lb4 z ! weight ( lead ore p] squ>e fa?om4 ,,e/imat+ ,,ore ,,values4 ,9 te/+ a gold m9e ) a view to pur*ase1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t z a rule ! int]sections ( lead]s or small ve9s ) ! ma9 ore body are usually ! ri*e/ portions ( ! lode4 ,?is ! exp]i5c$ prospector kn[s1 & g5]ally 8 %afts & cutt+s are made at su* po9ts4 ,= ! ord9>y m9+ inve/or1 :5 inspect+ ) a view to pur*ase1 ^! are places to avoid if endeav\r+ to =m a correct e/imate ( ! value ( ! ore 9 bulk4 ,take samples across ! lode f place to place1 break d[n & bag p]sonally1 & m>k bags4 ,te/ ! ri* portions sep>ately & av]age1 e/imat+ quantity ( bo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,cali=nia ,,pump4 ,to face p4 #aga4 ,,cali=nia ,,pump4 ,any h&y man or r\gh bu% c>p5t] c make a ,cali=nia ,pump4 ,! prospectors 9 ! illu/ration 7,plate ,,vii47 are us+ a home-made contrivance1 :i* is q effective = rais+ wat] f %all[ dep?s = 8long tom10 or gr\nd sluic+--a wood5 frame-"w & op5 wood5 :eel ) h&le4 ,ov] ! :eel is run a belt ( canvas1 say1 six in*es wide1 ) wood /ops ab\t a foot ap>t--a long slop+ box1 dipp+ into ! wat]1 up :i* ! /opp$ belt travels--& y h a ,cali=nia ,pump :i*1 if n a highly sci5tific device1 is at lea/ v s]viceable4 ,,hydraulics4 ,g5]al ,data ,reg>d+ ,wat]4 ,an imp]ial gallon ( wat] weighs1 at #fb ,f41 #aj lbs4 avoirdupois4 ,gallons #afjf cubic feet4 ,cubic feet #fbhh numb] ( gallons4 ,gallons #bggdf cubic in*es4 ,cubic in*es #jjjcfjd gallons4 ,cubic feet ( wat] #fbbh numb] ( p\nds weight4 ,p\nds ( wat] #jjaff cubic feet4 ,gallons ( wat] #jjjddfd numb] ( tons4 ,tons ( wat] #bbd gallons ( wat]4 ,cubic feet ( wat] #jjbgh numb] ( tons4 ,tons ( wat] #ceig cubic feet ( wat]4 ,a pipe #a y>d long holds approximately 7actually1 #aeb p] c5t4 less7 z _m p\nds ( wat] z ! squ>e ( its diamet] 9 in*es2 ?us a #f-;in* pipe holds approximately #cf lbs4 ( wat] 9 ea* y>d l5g?4 ,wat] ,pressure4 ,t5 feet head ( wat] gives a pressure ( #d lbs4 p] squ>e in* approximately4 ,if ,h head ( wat] 9 feet1 ,p p\nds pressure p] squ>e in*3 ,h ,p #bcaa ,p ,h #dcbf ,horse-p[] requir$ to ,pump ,wat]4--,"o h4-p4 indicat$ w raise ab\t #cjjj gallons ( wat] p] h\r #ej feet high4 ,to pump #a gallon ( wat] p] m9ute aga9/ a pressure ( #d lb4 p] squ>e in*1 requires3 p #jjjg ,h4-,p4 ,,bor+4 ,rock is bor$ ) jump]s ( #aj lb4 to #ah lb41 us$ alone1 or ) bor+ b>s & hamm]4 ,! =m] are m effective1 b c only be us$ p]p5dicul>ly1 or ne>ly s1 & ) rock ( mod]ate h>dness2 !y require m skill4 #ah lb4 hamm]s are us$ = #c 94 bor+ b>s4 #af lb4 0 0 #b 94 0 #ad lb4 0 0 #b #a 94 0 #e-g lb4 0 0 #a 94 0 ,! bor+ b>s may be made ( #a-a_/h-;in* b> iron ( v>i\s l5g?s1 ) /eel bits up to #c in*es4 ,a bit %\ld bore f #ah feet to #bd feet ) ea* /eel+1 & requires to be %>p5$ once = e foot bor$4 #c m5 ) a #c-;in* b> %\ld bore #d feet4 #c 0 0 #b 0 0 0 #f 0 #c 0 0 #b 0 0 0 #h 0 #c 0 0 #a 0 0 0 #ab 0 #b 0 0 #a 0 0 0 #h 0 p] day ( #aj h\rs 9 h>d granite4 ,,p[]1 ,,etc41 ,,requir$ ,,to ,,"w ,,rock ,,drills4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,diamet] ,diamet] ,no4 ( ,h4-,p4 ( ,air ( ,/eam ,/roke4 #c-;in* ,drills ,cyl9d]4 ,cyl9d]4 driv54 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 #f #h #h #ab #a #aj #aj #aj #af #b #ad #ab #ab #bb #c #af #ac #ac #bd #d #bj #ad #ad #bh #e #cj #ag #ag #cf #h #dj #bj #bj #cf #aa #fj #bb #bd #fj #ae ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,p[] ,,requir$ ,,to ,,"w ,,d\ble ,,/eam ,,& ,,air ,,cyl9d]s4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,diamet] ,diamet] ( ,no4 ( #c-;in* ,h4-,p4 ( ,air ,/eam ,/roke4 ,rock ,drills ,cyl9d]4 ,cyl9d]4 driv54 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 #bh #ab #ab #bb #g #cb #ac #ac #bd #h #dj #ad #ad #bh #aj #fj #ag #ag #cf #ae #hj #bj #bj #cf #bb #abj #bb #bd #fj #cj ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,durability ,,( ,,ropes4 ,! av]age duration ( flat1 wire ropes is usually tak5 at "o ye>1 & t ( r\nd ropes at half a ye>4 ,,diamond ,,drill+4 ,?is drill is applicable to s9k+ a borehole = prospect+ = m9]als or wat]1 %afts1 c41 or bla/+ "u wat]4 ,x consi/s ( a circul> r[ ( 8c>bonados10 a species ( diamond1 set 9 a circul> /eel r+4 ,?is is atta*$ to a holl[ /eel tube :i* is kept rotat+ at ab\t #bej revolutions p] m9ute1 press$ =w>d by a =ce v>y+ f #djj to #hjj lb4 accord+ to ! nature ( ! rock4 ,wat] is suppli$ ?r\gh ! tube :i* wa%es out ! dbris & cools ! diamonds4 ,granite & ! h>de/ lime/ones are p5etrat$ at ! rate ( #b to #c in*es p] m9ute1 s&/ones #d in*es1 qu>tz #a in*4 ,! diamond drill is n effective 9 s(t /rata su* z clay1 s&1 & alluvial deposits4 ,boreholes h be5 made at ! foll[+ rates3 ,9 ,iron/one =mation3 ,a dep? ( #ijb feet 9 #ed work+ days4 #fda 0 #dh 0 #dcd 0 #ed 0 #fdj 0 #fj 0 ,or an av]age ( #ab feet a day4 ,9 ,coal measures3 ,a dep? ( #ajjh feet 9 #adf days #hjb 0 #afh 0 #gjj 0 #dh 0 #eeh 0 #db 0 ,or an av]age ( #g feet a day4 ,,timb]4 ,to f9d ,solidity ( ,r\nd ,timb]4 ,:5 all dim5sions are 9 feet3 ,l5g? 7 mean gir?7 cubic feet4 ,:5 l5g? 9 feet1 gir? 9 in*es3 ,l5g? 7 mean gir?7 #add cubic feet4 ,:5 all dim5sions are 9 in*es3 ,l5g? 7 mean gir?7 #agbh cubic feet4 ,to f9d ,solidity ( ,squ>e ,timb]4 ,:5 all dim5sions are 9 feet3 ,l5g? bread? dep? cubic feet4 ,:5 "o dim5sion is 9 in*es3 ,l5g? bread? dep? #ab cubic feet4 ,:5 two dim5sions are 9 in*es3 ,l5g? bread? dep? #add cubic feet4 ,= bo>d measure1 dep? always equal #a in*4 ,to f9d surface 9 squ>e feet1 proce$ z p] rules = solidity ( squ>e timb]4 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,( ,,areas4 #a4 ,9 ,squ>es4--,extract ! squ>e root ( ! desir$ cont5t1 r$uc$ to squ>e *a9s 7t5 squ>e *a9s equal "o acre74 ,! result w be ! l5g? ( ! requir$ side 9 *a9s4 ,?us if we wi% to f9d ! side ( a squ>e block conta9+ #be acres1 we fir/ r$uce ! acres to squ>e *a9s3 #be #aj #bej1 ! squ>e root ( :i* is #aeha1 or #ae *a9s #ha l9ks2 ! side requir$4 ,by ref]5ce to ! tables ( squ>e roots on page #ahi1 ! requir$ sides ( squ>e block = a l>ge numb] ( acres c be read (f at once4 ,"o acre laid out z a squ>e mu/ h its side made #caf l9ks1 or #bjh-ga_/ajj feet1 or #fi-eg_/ajj y>ds1 #gj paces be+ a ne> approximation4 #b4 ,9 ,rectangles4--,divide ! cont5t by ! l5g? or bread?1 accord+ to :i* factor is kn[n1 & ! result w be ! requir$ side4 ,?us #e acres1 or #ej squ>e *a9s1 if #aj *a9s long1 w require to be #e *a9s wide4 ,if ! cont5t only is giv51 & ! l5g? is to be a c]ta9 numb] ( times ! bread?1 ! cont5t 9 squ>e *a9s divid$ by ! ratio ( ! l5g? to ! bread?1 & ! squ>e root ( ! quoti5t1 w give ! l5g? ( ! %ort] side4 ,?us1 if we wi% to lay out #gb acres z a rectangle twice z long z broad3 #gb acres #gbj squ>e *a9s1 divid$ by #b1 ! ratio giv51 #cfj1 ! squ>e root ( :i* is #ahig *a9s1 ! l5g? ( ! %ort] side4 ,! l5g? ( ! o!r side is !re=e #ahig #b #cgid *a9s1 or #cgid l9ks4 ,,m5suration4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,a ,,triangle ,,:5 ,,! ,,base ,,& ,,p]p5dicul> ,,height ,,are ,,giv53 ,multiply ! base by half ! height1 or vice v]s4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,a ,,triangle ,,:5 ,,! ,,?ree ,,sides ,,are ,,giv53 ,take half ! sum ( ! sides1 subtract ea* sev]ally f ?is sum1 !n multiply ?is & ! ?ree rema9d]s toge!r1 & take ! squ>e root = ! area4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,a ,,rectangul> ,,figure3 ,multiply ! l5g? by ! bread?1 ! product w be ! area4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,a ,,trapezoid3 ,multiply half ! sum ( ! two p>allel sides by ! di/ance betwe5 !m4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,a ,,p>allelogram ,,^: ,,angles ,,are ,,n ,,"r ,,angles3 ,multiply ! l5g? ( any "o ( ! sides by ! p]p5dicul>4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,a ,,trapezium3 ,divide x into two triangles & f9d ! areas ( ! latt] by ! fir/ rule4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,,an ,,irregul> ,,polygon3 ,divide ! polygon into triangles & f9d ! area ( ! latt]4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,area ,,( ,,an ,,irregul> ,,figure3 ,draw ! figure on f9e c>dbo>d or ?9 %eet metal1 cut ! same c>efully out & weigh ) an accurate balance4 ,!n ?is weight1 comp>$ ) ! weight ( a piece ( ! c>dbo>d or metal ( a def9ite size1 say "o squ>e in*1 gives at once ! area requir$4 ,,m9e ,,survey+ ,,problems4 ,x w\ld be futile to pr(ess1 9 ! limits ( a small "w ( ?is k9d1 to in/ruct ! beg9n] fully 9 ! pr9ciples & practice ( m9e survey+1 especially z ! mo/ elaborate treatise c only be ( s]vice :5 "s actual practical exp]i5ce & k ( in/rum5ts h be5 obta9$4 ,= an exhau/ive & well-arrang$ "w on ! subject1 ,br\gh's 8,treatise on ,m9e ,survey+0 c be /rongly recomm5d$1 & %\ld be c>efully /udi$ by all wi%+ to le>n ! be/ me?ods ( accompli%+ ! accurate results t any m9e-survey+ wor? ! "n dem&s4 ,! foll[+ me?ods ( connect+ und]gr\nd & surface "w are !re=e address$ to su* z are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) a dial & ! me?od ( trav]s+4 #a4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,:]e ,a ,,%aft ,,%\ld ,,be ,,sunk ,,to ,,connect ,,) ,,any ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,und]gr\nd ,,work+s4 ,%\ld ! m9e be "o op5$ by an adit1 !re is no difficulty 9 do+ ?is1 z ! dial c be set up at ! m\? & a sight tak5 to a light2 ?is c !n1 by means ( ! v]tical arc1 be prolong$ up ! hill1 & ! rema9+ be>+s & di/ances are !n easily laid d[n to ! desir$ po9t4 ,:5 a />t+-po9t has be5 obta9$1 ! *ief difficulty 9 ^! cases has be5 ov]come4 ,if a s+le %aft is ! only connection to ! und]gr\nd work+s1 ! magnetic be>+ ( ! fir/ l9e at bottom mu/ fir/ be c>efully asc]ta9$1 & ! position ( ! fir/ /ation br\ght to ! surface by means ( a plumb-l9e1 made ( copp] wire pref]ably1 ! plummet be+ put into a di% ( wat] to /eady x4 ,! dial is !n set exactly ov] ! end ( ! l9e at ! surface1 & ! fir/ be>+ & di/ance laid (f4 ,%\ld x be impossible to set ! in/rum5t ov] ! po9t at surface1 a spot mu/ be f\nd by trial outside ! %aft :i* is 9 ! correct c\rse4 ,! dial is set up 9 ! suppos$ direction ( ! l9e & repeat$ sights tak5 to ! fir/ po9t till ! in/rum5t & x are exactly 9 ! requir$ l9e1 :5 ! l5g? ( ! fir/ l9e c be measur$ along x1 & ! new l9es proce$$ )4 ,z local attraction frequ5tly affects ! ne$le at ! bottom ( ! %aft1 & s vitiates ! surface survey t dep5ds on its sw++ ! same at bo? po9ts1 a me?od ( disp5s+ ) ! ne$le mu/ be resort$ to4 ,?is is ! susp5sion ( two plumb-l9es f opposite sides ( ! %aft1 ! plummets hang+ exactly ov] z mu* ( ! fir/ und]gr\nd l9e z ! wid? ( ! %aft w all[4 ,! two plummet l9es at surface !n give ! direction1 & by trial ! dial mu/ be put exactly 9 l9e ) !m 9 ord] to prolong x correctly4 ,if !re are two or m %afts sunk on ! work+s1 x w be an easy matt] to asc]ta9 if ! ne$le c be dep5d$ on = lay+ out any fur!r surface "w1 z ! und]gr\nd survey connect+ ! %afts c be laid d[n on ! surface1 or ! direct be>+ & di/ance calculat$1 :5 its correctness is te/$ by ! t]m9at+ po9t ( ! survey4 #b4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,dep? ,,( ,,%aft ,,at ,,any ,,po9t1 ,,to ,,cut ,a ,,ve9 ,,^: ,,dip ,,is ,,kn[n4 ,,rule3--,multiply natural tang5t ( angle ( dip ,c 7,fig4 #ej47 by ! di/ance f outcrop to propos$ %aft ,,ac4 ,! result is ! dep? requir$1 ,,ab4 ,by ,protractor & ,scale4--,rule on pap] a l9e ,,ac ( ! requir$ di/ance1 !n at ,c set (f ! angle ( dip & draw ,,ab at "r angles to ,,ac4 ,!n scale (f ,,ab dep? ( %afts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 #c4 ,,giv5 ,,dep? ,,( ,,%aft ,,& ,,angle ,,( ,,dip ,,to ,,f9d ,,:]e ,,x ,,outcrops4 --,!n ,,ac ,,ab natural tang5t ( angle ,,abc4 ,or by scale & protractor by inspection4 #d4 ,,giv5 ,,dep? ,,( ,,%aft ,,ab ,,& ,,dip ,,( ,,ve9 ,,angle ,,cb ,,to ,,f9d ,,di/ance ,,bc ,,betwe5 ,,bottom ,,( ,,%aft ,,& ,,outcrop4--,,bc ,,ac natural s9e ,,acb4 ,or by scale & protractor by inspection4 ,,ra9fall4 ,"o in* ( ra9 #bb1fhj gallons1 or #ajbce tons ( wat] p] acre4 ,,notes ,,on ,,belt+4 ,co-effici5t ( friction betwe5 ord9>y lea!r belt+ & ca/-iron pulleys or drums #dbc4 ,ultimate /r5g? ( ord9>y lea!r belt+ #cjhf lb4 p] squ>e in*4 ,belts v>y f _/ 94 to 94 ?ick1 av]age _/ 94 ,p[] ( ,s+le ,lea!r ,belts4 ,to calculate ! p[] ( s+le lea!r belts1 ! foll[+ =mula may be us$3 ,let ,,hp actual horse-p[]4 ,w wid? ( belt4 ,f driv+ =ce4 ,t work+ t5sion f #gj to #aej lb4 ,v velocity ( belt 9 feet p] m9ute4 ,!n ,f 7,w ,t7_/#b4 ,,hp ,v ,f_/#cc1jjj4 ,w #cc1jjj ,,hp_/,f ,v4 ,,example3--,a #aj-;in* belt runn+ #bejj feet p] m9ute1 :at horse-p[] w x transmit8 ,assum+ ! work+ t5sion to be #ajj lb41 ,f 7#aj #ajj7_/b #ejj4 ,,hp 7#be1jjj #ejj7_/cc1jjj #cgh horse-p[]4 ,ny/rom gives ?is rule3--,,hp 7,v ,f7_/#eej4 ,v velocity ( belt 9 feet p] second4 ,f =ce 9 p\nds transmitt$ by belt4 ,! fir/ rule gives good practical results :]e !re is no great inequality 9 ! diamet] ( ! pulleys4 ,d\ble ,belts transmit #a times z mu* z s+le belts4 ,splic+ ,belts4 ---------------------------------------- - ,wid? ( ,belts4 #a #b #c #c to #f #f to #h above #h 94 ,lap 9 in*es 4 #b #d #e #f #h #aj ---------------------------------------- - ,rules = ,d\ble ,lea!r ,belt+4 ,a cov]$ area ( driv5 pulley 9 squ>e in*es4 ,v spe$ ( belt 9 feet p] m9ute4 ,h indicat$ horse-p[]4 ,w wid? 9 in*es4 ,h ,,av_/#ff1jjj ,a 7#ff1jjj ,h7_/,v4 ,w ,a_/,l1 :]e ,l l5g? ( belt on driv5 pulley 9 in*es4 ,ano!r au?ority simply says ,h #gj to #hj 7,,wv7_/#cc1jjj ,& a ?ird says ,w 7#cf1jjj ,h7_/7#f,,vl71 :]e ,l is "h 9 feet4 ,evan ,leigh's rule is ,w 7#ff1jjj ,,ihp7_/7,l ,v74 ,l l5g? ( arc ( contact ^u small] pulley 9 in*es4 ,v velocity ( rim 9 feet p] m9ute4 ,a belt transmits its motion solely ?r\gh frictional contact ) ! surfaces ( ! pulley4 ,! l[] side ( ! belt %\ld be made ! driv+ side :5 possible1 z ! arc ( contact is !reby increas$ by ! sagg+ ( ! foll[+ side4 ,increase ( p[] w be obta9$ by increas+ ! size ( pulleys1 ! same ratio be+ reta9$4 ,wide belts are less effective p] unit ( sectional area ?an n>r[ belts4 ,long belts are m effective ?an %ort ones4 ,! proportion betwe5 ! diamet]s ( two pulleys work+ toge!r %\ld n exce$ six to "o4 ,convexity ( pulleys to receive belt in* p] foot wide4 ,! wid? ( pulley %\ld equal #ab times wid? ( belt4 ,spe$ ( ,belts4 ,belts h be5 employ$ runn+ ov] #ejjj feet p] m9ute4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is ga9$ by runn+ belts mu* ov] #djjj feet p] m9ute4 ,ab\t #cejj feet p] m9ute = ma9 belts agrees ) good practice2 la! belts f #aejj to #bjjj feet p] m9ute4 ,! life ( a belt may be prolong$ & its driv+ p[]s increas$ by keep+ x 9 good work+ ord]4 ,to ensure ?is x %\ld be dress$ on ! back ) ca/or oil e few weeks1 m or less accord+ ! dryness ( ! atmosph]e 9 :i* x works4 ,,weight ,,& ,,bulk ,,( ,,mat]ials4 ,! weight ( a cubic foot ( any mat]ial is its specific gravity multipli$ by #fbdbe1 or ! weight ( a cubic foot ( wat] 9 p\nds4 ,to f9d ! specific gravity ( a /one1 divide its weight 9 air by loss ( weight 9 wat] ( temp]ature ( #fj ,f4 specific gravity4 ,?us3 ,qu>tz cry/al weighs 9 air #bicg gra9s4 0 0 0 wat] #ahja 0 ----- ,loss 9 weight #aacf 0 ,!n3 #bicg _/ #aacf #bei ,specific gravity ( qu>tz4 ,"o ton ( qu>tz :5 solid occupies #ac cubic feet1 b :5 brok51 ab\t #bj4 ,rocks :5 solid1 z comp>$ to ! same :5 brok51 usually increase 9 volume 9 ! ratio ( #a to #ae or #a to #aah1 ! increase dep5d+ on size & =m ( fragm5ts4 ,a dwt4 ( gold 9 a cwt4 ( ore #a oz4 ( gold p] ton ( ore4 ,= approximate calculation a gra9 ( gold two p5ce1 & a dwt41 f\r %ill+s4 ,9 ! foll[+ table ( ! *emical elem5ts ! /&>d ( sp4 gr4 is hydrog5 = ! gase\s elem5ts 7hydrog51 oxyg51 c47 & wat] = ! o!rs4 ,,! ,,*emical ,,elem5ts1 ,,_! ,,symbols1 ,,equival5ts1 ,,& ,,specific ,,gravities4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,"n4 ,symbol4 ,atomic ,specific ,weight4 ,gravity4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,alum9ium ,al #bge #bef ,antimony ,sb #abbj #fgj ,ars5ic ,z #gej #eg ,b>ium ,ba #acgj #djj ,bismu? ,bi #bajj #ig ,boron ,b #aaj #bfc ,brom9e ,br #hjj #eed ,cadmium ,cd #aabj #hfj ,caesium ,cs #accj #ahh ,calcium ,ca #djj #aeh ,c>bon ,c #abj #cej ,c]ium ,ce #ibj #ffh ,*lor9e ,cl #cee #bde ,*romium ,cr #ebe #fha ,cobalt ,co #ehh #gg ,columbium ,cb #ahdh #fjj ,copp] ,cu #fce #hif ,didymium ,di #ifj #fed ,erbium ,e #aabf -- ,fluor9e ,f #aij #acb ,gallium ,ga #fii #ei ,gluc9um ,gl #ie #ba ,gold 7,aurum7 ,au #aifg #aic ,hydrog5 ,h #aj #jjfi ,indium ,9 #aacd #gd ,iod9e ,i #abgj #did ,iridium ,ir #aihj #baae ,iron 7,f]rum7 ,fe #efj #ggi ,lan?anum ,la #ijb #aacg ,lead 7,plumbum7 ,pb #bjgj #aadd ,li?ium ,li #gj #jei ,magnesium ,mg #bdj #age ,manganese ,mn #eej #hja ,m]cury 7,hydr>gyrum7 ,hg #bjjj #acei ,molybd5um ,mb #ifj #hfj ,nickel ,ni #ehh #hfj ,niobium ,nb #idj #fbg ,nitrog5 ,n #adj #jigb ,osmium ,os #aiij #badj ,oxyg5 ,o #afj #aaje ,palladium ,pd #ajfe #aafj ,phosphorus ,p #caj #ahc ,plat9um ,pt #aigd #baec ,potassium 7,kalium7 ,k #cij #jhfe ,rhodium ,rh #ajdc #aba ,rubidium ,ru #ajdd #aad ,sel5ium ,se #gie #dgh ,silicon ,si #bhj #bdi ,silv] 7,arg5tum7 ,ag #ajhj #aje ,sodium 7,natrium7 ,na #bcj #jigb ,/rontium ,sr #hgf #bed ,sulphur ,s #cbj #bje ,tantalium ,ta #ahbj #ajgh ,tellurium ,te #abij #fjb ,?allium ,tl #bjdj #aaia ,?orium ,? #aaeg #gh ,t9 7,/annum7 ,sn #aahj #gbh ,titanium ,ti #ejj #dc ,tung/5 7,wolfram7 ,w #ahdj #ge ,uranium ,u #abjj #ahd ,vanadium ,v #eac #eej ,yttrium ,y #fag -- ,z9c ,zn #fej #gad ,zirconium ,zr #hie #dae ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,! figures indicat+ ! proportions by weight 9 :i* ! elem5ts unite ) "o ano!r are call$ ! comb9+ or atomic weights1 because !y repres5t ! relative weights ( ! atoms ( ! diff]5t elem5ts4 ,s9ce hydrog5 is ! lighte/ elem5t1 x is tak5 z ! /&>d1 & its comb9+ or atomic weight #a4 ,to f9d ! proportional p>ts by weight ( ! elem5ts ( any sub/ance ^: *emical =mula is kn[n3 ,,rule4--,multiply toge!r ! equival5t & ! expon5t ( ea* elem5t ( ! comp\nd2 ! product w be ! proportion by weight ( t elem5t 9 ! sub/ance4 ,example3--,f9d ! proportional weights ( ! elem5ts ( ,alcohol ,c,h,o4 ,c>bon ,c equival5t #ab expon5t #b #bd ,hydrog5 ,h 0 #a 0 #f #f ,oxyg5 ,o 0 #af 0 #a #af ,( e #df lb4 ( ,alcohol1 #f lb4 w be ,h2 #af1 ,o2 #bd1 ,c4 ,to f9d ! proportions by volume1 divide by ! specific gravity4 ,,common ,,names ,,( ,,*emical ,,sub/ances4 ,common ,names4 ,*emical ,names4 ,aqua =tis ,nitric acid4 ,aqua regia ,nitro-hydro*loric acid4 ,blue vitriol ,sulphate ( copp]4 ,cream ( t>t> ,bi-t>trate ( potassium4 ,calomel ,*loride ( m]cury4 ,*alk ,c>bonate ( calcium4 ,cau/ic pota% ,hydrate ( potassium ,*lor(orm ,*loride ( =myl4 ,common salt ,*loride ( sodium4 ,copp]as1 or gre5 vitriol ,sulphate ( iron4 ,corrosive sublimate ,bi-*loride ( m]cury4 ,dry alum ,sulphate ( alum9ium & potassium4 ,epsom salts ,sulphate ( magnesium4 ,e?iops m9]al ,black sulphide ( m]cury4 ,gal5a ,sulphide ( lead4 ,glaub]'s salt ,sulphate ( sodium4 ,glucose ,grape sug>4 ,iron pyrites ,bi-sulphide ( iron4 ,jewell]'s putty ,oxide ( t94 ,k+'s yell[ ,sulphide ( ars5ic4 ,laugh+ gas ,protoxide ( nitrog54 ,lime ,oxide ( calcium4 ,lun> cau/ic ,nitrate ( silv]4 ,mosaic gold ,bi-sulphide ( t94 ,muriate ( lime ,*loride ( calcium4 ,nitre1 or saltpetre ,nitrate ( pota%4 ,oil ( vitriol ,sulphuric acid4 ,pota% ,oxide ( potassium4 ,realg> ,sulphide ( ars5ic4 ,r$ lead ,oxide ( lead4 ,ru/ ( iron ,oxide ( iron4 ,sal ammoniac ,*loride ( ammonia4 ,salt ( t>t> ,c>bonate ( potassium4 ,slack$ lime ,hydrate ( calcium4 ,soda ,oxide ( sodium4 ,spirits ( h>t%orn ,ammonia4 ,spirits ( salt ,hydro*loric acid4 ,/ucco1 or pla/] ( ,p>is ,sulphate ( lime4 ,sug> ( lead ,acetate ( lead4 ,v]digris ,basic acetate ( copp]4 ,v]milion ,sulphide ( m]cury4 ,v9eg> ,acetic acid 7dilut$74 ,volatile alkali ,ammonia4 ,wat] ,oxide ( hydrog54 ,:ite precipitate ,ammoniat$ m]cury4 ,:ite vitriol ,sulphate ( z9c4 ,,!rmomet]4 ,! foll[+ are ! =mul = ! conv]sion ( degrees ( "o scale to ^? ( ano!r3-- 7,c5tigrade #i _/#e7 #cb ,fahr4 7,fahr4 - #cb #d7 _/ #i ,raumur4 7,raumur #i7_/d #cb ,fahr4 7,c5tigrade #d7 _/ #e ,raumur4 7,fahr4 #cb #e7_/i ,c5t4 7,raumur #e7 _/ #d ,c5tigrade4 ,,freez+1 ,,fus+1 ,,& ,,boil+ ,,po9ts4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,sub/ances4 ,raumur4 ,c5tigrade4 ,fahr5heit4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,brom9e freezes at -#agf -#bb -#gf ,oil1 ,anise 0 #h #aj #ej ,oil1 ,olive 0 #h #aj #ej ,oil1 ,rose 0 #ab #ae #fj ,quicksilv] 0 -#cae -#cid -#ci ,wat] 0 #j #j #cb ,bismu? metal fuses at #baa #bfd #ejg ,copp] 0 #ifc #abjd #bbjj ,gold 0 #ifc #abjd #bbjj ,iod9e 0 #ief #ajg #bbdf ,iron 0 #abcj #aech #bhjj ,lead 0 #bf #cbe #fag ,potassium 0 #ej #fbe #adde ,silv] 0 #ecj #ecggj #ajjj ,sodium 0 #gfe #ief #bjd ,/eel melts at a l[] temp]ature ?an malleable iron -- -- -- ,sulphur fuses at #ed #abj #bdh ,t9 0 #ahif #bcg #dei ,z9c 0 #cbif #dab #ggc ,alcohol boils at #eie #gdd #agca ,brom9e 0 #dfd #eh #acf ,e!r 0 #bhd #cee #if ,iod9e 0 #adj #age #cdg ,quicksilv] 0 #bhh #cfj #fhj ,wat] 0 #hj #ajj #bab ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,heat ,,values ,,( ,,fuels4 ,p\nds ( wat] evaporat$ by #a lb4 ( fuel z foll[s3-- ,/raw #ai ,coke or ,*>coal #fd ,wood #ca ,coal #gi ,peat #ch ,petroleum #adf ,,signs ,,& ,,symbols ,,us$ ,,9 ,,express+ ,,=mulas4 ,sign ( equality1 d5ot+ t quantities s connect$ are equal to "o ano!r2 ?us1 #c feet #a y>d4 ,sign ( addition1 signify+ plus or m2 ?us1 #d #c #g4 -,sign ( subtraction1 signify+ m9us or less2 ?us1 #d-c #a4 ,sign ( multiplication1 signify+ multipli$ by or into2 ?us1 #d #c #ab4 ,sign ( division1 signify+ divid$ by2 ?us1 #d #b #b4 77 ,brackets1 d5ot+ t ! quantities betwe5 !m are to be treat$ z "o quantity2 ?us1 #e #c7d #b7-f7c-b7 #e 7#ah-f7 #fj4 ,lett]s are us$ to %ort5 or simplify a =mula4 ,suppos+ we wi% to express l5g? bread? dep?1 we may put ! initial lett]s only1 ?us1 l b d1 or1 z is usual :5 algebraical symbols are employ$1 leave out ! sign betwe5 ! factors1 & write ! =mula lbd4 ,:5 division is to be express$ 9 simple =m1 ! divisor is writt5 "u ! divid5d2 ?us 7x y7 z 7x y7 z ' 0 are signs us$ to express c]ta9 angles 9 degrees1 m9utes1 & seconds2 ?us #be degrees #d m9utes #ba seconds w\ld be express$ #be #d' #ba04 ,?is sign is call$ ! radical sign1 & plac$ be=e a quantity indicates t "s root ( x is to be tak51 & a small figure plac$ ov] ! sign1 call$ ! expon5t ( ! root1 %[s :at root is to be extract$4 ,?us a or a means ! squ>e root ( a a 0 cube 0 a 0 f\r? 0 ,?is sign is us$ to d5ote ! =ce ( gravity at any giv5 latitude4 ,! ,greek lett] pi is inv>iably us$ to d5ote #cadaei1 t is1 ! ratio borne by ! diamet] ( a circle to its circumf]5ce4 ,:5 ! figure #b is affix$ to any numb]1 z diamet] or #ab1 ! numb] is to be squ>$1 z #ab #ab #add1 ! squ>e2 & ) affix$1 ! numb] is to be cub$--i4e41 multipli$ twice by itself1 z #f #f #f #f #caf1 ! cube ( #f4 ,,engli% ,,weights ,,& ,,measures4 ,,measures ,,( ,,l5g?4 #ab l9es #a in*4 #h furlongs #ab in*es #a foot4 #agfj y>ds #a /atute mile4 #c feet #a y>d4 #ebhj feet #f feet #a fa?om4 #fjhf feet #a naut4 mile4 #af feet #a pole4 #gib in*es #a l9k4 #bbj y>ds #a furlong4 #ajj l9ks #ff feet #a *a94 #bb y>ds ,,squ>e ,,measure4 #add sq4 in*es #a sq4foot4 #aj sq4 *a9s #a acre4 #i sq4 feet #a sq4y>d4 #a hect>e #bdga acres4 #cj sq4y>ds #a sq4rod #fdj acres #a sq4 mile4 #bgb feet or pole4 #cj sq4 acres #a y>d ( l&4 #dj rods #a sq4rood4 ,sq4 ins4 #jjjg squ>e foot #d roods ne>ly4 #afj rods ,sq4 yds4 #jjjjba acres ne>ly4 #dhdj y>ds #a acre4 #aacjigg sq4 ins4 #a circul> foot4 #dcefj feet #ahcdf circul> ins4 #a squ>e foot4 ,,solid ,,or ,,cubic ,,measure4 #agbh cubic in*es #a cubic foot4 #bg cubic feet #a cubic y>d4 #abh cub4 ft4 #a cord #dj cub4 ft4 ( r\gh1 or ( timb] ( wood4 #ej cub4 ft4 ( hwn4 tmbr4 #a ton or load4 ,,avoirdupois ,,weight4 #af dra*ms #a ounce4 #bj cwt #a ton4 #af ounces #a lb4 lbs4 #jjji cwt4 ne>ly4 #ad lb4 #a /one4 lbs4 #jjjjde tons4 #bh lb4 #a qr4 cwt4 #gjjj gra9s #a lb4 avdp4 #aab lb4 #a cwt4 #dcg gra9s #a oz4 ,,troy ,,weight4 #bd gra9s #a dwt4 #egfj gra9s #a lb4 troy4 #bj dwt4 #a ounce4 #dhj gra9s #a oz4 0 #ab oz4 #a lb4 ,,apo!c>ies' ,,fluid ,,measure4 ,gallon 7,c7 #h p9ts 7,o72 #a p9t #bj fluid ounces 7oz4 weight ( wat]74 ,ounce 7f 7 #h dra*ms 7f 7 #dhj m9ims 77 #gbj drops 7gtt474 ,"o w9e glass #d tablespoonfuls #af tablespoonfuls #b ounces4 ,symbols4--f4 or fl4 fluid2 s4s4 "o half2 a4a4 = ea*4 ,?us fss4 a fluid ounce4 ,apo!c>ies' weight1 =m]ly us$ = disp5s+ m$ic9es1 sup]s$$ 9 #ahfd4 #bj gra9s #a scruple2 #c scruples #a dra*m2 #h dra*ms #a ounce2 #ab ounces #a lb4 7troy74 ,,liquid ,,measure4 ,cubic 94 ne>ly4 #d gills #a p9t #cd #b p9ts #a qu>t #fi #d qu>ts #a gallon #bggabc ,,fr5* ,,weights ,,& ,,measures4 ,,weights4 ,gramme #aedcbcdi grams troy4 ,dcagramme 7 #aj grammes7 #efdch dra*ms av4 ,hectogramme7 #ajj grammes7 #cebg oz4 av4 ,kilogramme 7 #ajjj grammes7 #bbjdfba lbs4 av41 or #bfgibbg lbs4 troy4 ,qu9tal 7 #ajj kilogrammes7 #bbjdfb lbs4 av4 ,tonne 7 #ajjj kilogrammes7 #bbjdfba lbs4 av4 ,decigramme 7 #a_/aj? ( a gramme7 #aedcb gra94 ,c5tigramme7 #a_/ajj? ( a gramme7 #jaedcb gra94 ,milligramme7 #a_/ajjj? ( a gramme 7 #jjaedcb gra94 ,,l9eal ,,measure4 ,mtre #cbhjhiib feet4 ,dcamtre 7 #aj mtres7 #cbhjhiib feet4 ,hectomtre7 #ajj mtres7 #cbhjhiib feet4 ,kilomtre 7 #ajjj mtres7 #ajicfcc y>ds4 ,myriamtre7 #aj1jjj mtres7 #fbach miles4 ,decimtre 7 #a_/aj? ( a mtre7 #cicgjgi in*es4 ,c5timtre7 #a_/ajj? ( a mtre7 #jcicga in*4 ,millimtre7 #a_/ajjj? ( a mtre7 #jjcicg in*4 ,,sup]ficial ,,measure ,c5ti>e 7 #a squ>e mtre7 #aaifjcc squ>e y>d4 ,are7 #ajj squ>e mtres7 #jjihhde rood4 ,hect>e 7 #aj1jjj squ>e mtres7 #bdgaadc acres4 ,,measures ,,( ,,capacity4 ,litre 7 #a dcimtre cube7 #agfjggc p9t7#fajbg cubic in*es74 ,dcalitre 7 #aj litres7 #bbjjiffh gallons4 ,hectolitre 7 #ajj litres7 #bbjjiffh 0 ,kilolitre 7 #ajjj litres7 #bbjjiffh 0 ,dcilitre 7 #a_/aj? ( a litre7 #agfjg p9t4 ,c5tilitre 7 #a_/ajj? ( a litre7 #jagfjg p9t4 ,,solid ,,measure4 ,/re 7 #a cubic mtre7 #aca cubic y>d4 ,dca/re 7 #aj /res7 #ac cubic y>ds1 #b feet1 #ba in*es4 ,dci/re 7 #a_/aj? ( a /re7 #c cubic feet1 #iahg cubic in*es4 ,,fre% ,,& ,,salt ,,wat] ,,comp>$4 ,,fre%4 ,,salt4 #a cubic foot at #dj weighs #fbdbe lbs4 #fd lbs4 #a cubic in* at #dj weighs #jcf1abf lbs4 #jcg1jcg lbs4 #a cubic foot at #dj equals #fbdb gallons #fb gallons4 #a ton equals #ceidc cubic ft4 #ce cubic ft4 #a ton conta9s at #fb #bbd gallons #bag gallons4 ,,velocity ,,( ,,fall+ ,,fluids4 ,fall+ fluids are gov]n$ by ! same laws z fall+ bodies4 ,fluid falls #a foot 9 a ( a second1 #d feet 9 ( a second1 #i feet 9 ( a second1 & s on4 ,! velocity ( a fluid1 fl[+ ?r\gh an ap]ture 9 ! side ( a res]voir1 is ! same t a heavy body w\ld acquire by fall+ f a height equal to t betwe5 ! surface ( ! fluid & ! middle ( ! op5+4 ,! velocity ( a fluid fl[+ out ( an ap]ture is z ! squ>e root ( ! height ( ! head ( ! fluid4 ,! !oretical velocity1 !re=e1 9 feet p] second is z ! squ>e root ( ! product ( ! space fall5 ?r\gh 9 feet & #fdccc2 consequ5tly1 = #a foot x is ,sqrt#fdccc #hjb feet4 ,! mean velocity is ab\t #ed feet1 or #jfgc4 ,,pressure ,,( ,,wat] ,,at ,,diff]5t ,,heads4 ,h4 head 9 feet4 ,p4 pressure 9 lbs4 p] sq4 foot4 p4 pressure 9 lbs4 p] sq4 in*4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,h4 ,p4 p4 ,h4 ,p4 p4 ---------------------------------------- ----- #a #fbd #dccc #i #efaf #ci #abe #gh #edaf #aj #fbd #dcccc #ae #icf #fe #bj #abdh #hffff #age #ajib #gech #cj #ahgb #ac #b #abdh #hfff #dj #bdif #agcccc #c #ahgb #ac #ej #cabj #baffff #d #bdif #agccc #fj #cgdd #bf #e #cab #bafff #gj #dcfh #cjcccc #f #cgdd #bf #hj #diib #cdffff #g #dcfh #cjccc #ij #efaf #ci #h #diib #cdfff ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,( ,a ,,tank4 ,to f9d ! numb] ( gallons conta9$ 9 a tank1 multiply ! l5g?1 wid?1 & dep? toge!r1 9 feet4 ,?is gives ! cont5ts 9 cubic feet2 multiply by #fbd1 & ! result is ! numb] ( gallons conta9$4 ,if ! dim5sions are 9 in*es1 use #jjcfjg 9 place ( #fbd4 ,,sizes ,,& ,,weight ,,( ,,corrugat$ ,,galvanis$ ,,iron ,,%eets4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,?ickness ,weight ,b4,w4,g4 ,size ( ,%eets ,p] ,squ>e ,squ>e ,foot ,foot4 p] ,ton4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,feet4 lb4 oz4 #af #f #b to #h #c #b #a #hjj #ag #ah #f #b 0 #h #c #b #d #ajej #ai #bj #f #b 0 #h #c #a #ab #acjj #ba #bb #f #b 0 #g #b #a #g #afjj #bc #bd #f #b 0 #g #b #a #c #aijj #be #bf #f #b 0 #g #b #a #j #bbej ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,?ickness ,,& ,,weight ,,( ,,galvanis$ ,,%eet ,,iron4 ,size ( %eet1 #b feet 9 wid? by f #f to #i feet 9 l5g?4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,wire ,weight ,wire ,weight ,gauge4 ,p] ,squ>e ,gauge4 ,p] ,squ>e ,foot4 ,foot4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,no4 ,oz4 ,no4 ,oz4 #cj #aj #bb #ba #bi #aa #ba #bd #bh #ab #bj #bh #bg #ad #ai #cc #bf #ae #ah #cg #be #af #ag #dc #bd #ag #af #dh #bc #ai #ad #fj ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,qualities ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,ropes ,,express$ ,,relatively4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,/r5g?4 ,rigidity4 ,weight ,dry4 ,/ret*+4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,italian ,hemp -- #a #a ,baltic 0 #jg #i #jh to #ji #a #a_/g to #a_/ab ,manilla 0 #ji to #a #jge #jhh ,flax #ji l[ -- #a_/ge ,iron ,wire #c high #d -- ,/eel #f high #d -- ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,/eel wire rope /ret*es ab\t #a_/cfj1 #a_/bej1 & #a_/ajj1 ( #a_/d1 #a_/c1 & #a_/b ! break+ weight4 ,,! ,,atmosph]e4 ,! composition ( ! atmosph]e is by volume1 oxyg5 #bjh1 nitrog5 #gib2 by weight1 oxyg5 #bc1 nitrog5 #gg4 ,!re are also m9ute quantities ( c>bon dioxide1 aque\s vap\r1 & ammonia4 ,! b>omet] falls ab\t 0 = ea* #ejj' increase ( altitude ! mean temp]ature be+ #ej ,fahr4 ,,weight ,,or ,,pressure4 #adgjf lbs4 p] squ>e in*4 #biib in*es ( m]cury4 #ccg feet ( wat]4 ,,squ>es1 ,,cubes1 ,,squ>e ,,roots1 ,,& ,,cube ,,roots4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,squ>e ,cube ,no4 ,squ>e ,cube ,root ,root ---------------------------------------- ---------- #a #a #a #aj #aj #b #d #h #adad #abei #c #i #bg #agcb #addb #d #af #fd #bj #aehg #e #be #abe #bbcf #agji #f #cf #baf #bddi #ahag #g #di #cdc #bfde #aiab #h #fd #eab #bhbh #bj #i #ha #gbi #cj #bjhj #aj #ajj #ajjj #cafb #baed #aa #aba #acca #ccaf #bbbc #ab #add #agbh #cdfd #bbhi #ac #afi #baig #cfj #bce #ad #aif #bgdd #cgd #bda #ae #bbe #ccge #chg #bdf #af #bef #djif #dj #bea #ag #bhi #diac #dab #beh #ah #cbd #ehcb #dbd #bfb #ai #cfa #fhei #dce #bff #bj #djj #hjjj #ddg #bga #be #fbe #aefbe #ej #bib #cj #ijj #bgjjj #edg #caj #ce #abbe #dbhge #eia #cbg #dj #afjj #fdjjj #fcb #cda #de #bjbe #iaabe #fgj #cee #ej #bejj #abejjj #gjg #cfh #ee #cjbe #affcge #gda #chj #fj #cfjj #bafjjj #gbd #cia #fe #dbbe #bgdfbe #hjf #djb #gj #dijj #cdcjjj #hcf #dab #ge #efbe #dbahge #hff #dda #hj #fdjj #eabjjj #hid #dcj #he #gbbe #fadabe #iba #dci #ij #hajj #gbijjj #idh #ddh #ie #ijbe #hegcge #igd #def #ajj #ajjjj #ajjjjjj #ajjj #dfd #aaj #abajj #accajjj #ajdh #dgi #abj #addjj #agbhjjj #ajie #dic #acj #afijj #baigjjj #aadj #ejf #adj #aifjj #bgddjjj #aahc #eai #aej #bbejj #ccgejjj #abbd #eca #afj #befjj #djifjjj #abfd #edb #agj #bhijj #diacjjj #acjc #eec #ahj #cbdjj #ehcbjjj #acda #efd #aij #cfajj #fheijjj #acgh #egd #bjj #djjjj #hjjjjjj #adad #ehd #baj #ddajj #ibfajjj #addi #eid #bbj #dhdjj #ajfdhjjj #adhc #fjc #bcj #ebijj #abafgjjj #aeaf #fab #bdj #egfjj #achbdjjj #aedi #fba #bej #fbejj #aefbejjj #aeha #fbi #bfj #fgfjj #agegfjjj #afab #fch #bgj #gbijj #aifhcjjj #afdc #fdf #bhj #ghdjj #baiebjjj #afgc #fed #bij #hdajj #bdchijjj #agjb #ffa #cjj #ijjjj #bgjjjjjj #agcb #ffi #caj #ifajj #bigiajjj #agfj #fgf #cbj #ajbdjj #cbgfhjjj #aghh #fhc #ccj #ajhijj #ceicgjjj #ahaf #fia #cdj #aaefjj #cicjdjjj #ahdc #fig #cej #abbejj #dbhgejjj #ahag #gjd #cfj #abifjj #dffefjjj #ahig #gaa #cgj #acfijj #ejfecjjj #aibc #gag #chj #adddjj #edhgbjjj #aidi #gbd #cij #aebajj #eicaijjj #aigd #gcj #djj #afjjjj #fdjjjjjj #bjjj #gcf #daj #afhajj #fhibajjj #bjbd #gdb #dbj #agfdjj #gdjhhjjj #bjdi #gdh #dcj #ahdijj #giejgjjj #bjgc #ged #ddj #aicfjj #heahdjjj #bjig #gfj #dej #bjbejj #iaabejjj #baba #gff #dfj #baafjj #igccfjjj #badd #gga #dgj #bbjijj #ajchbcjjj #bafg #ggg #dhj #bcjdjj #aajeibjjj #baij #ghb #dij #bdjajj #aagfdijjj #bbac #ghh #ejj #bejjjj #abejjjjjj #bbcf #gic #eaj #bfjajj #acbfeajjj #bbeh #gih #ebj #bgjdjj #adjfjhjjj #bbhj #hjd #ecj #bhjijj #adhhggjjj #bcjb #hji #edj #biafjj #aegdfdjjj #bcbc #had #eej #cjbejj #affcgejjj #bcde #hai #efj #cacfjj #agefafjjj #bcff #hbd #egj #cbdijj #aheaicjjj #bchg #hbi #ehj #ccfdjj #aieaibjjj #bdjh #hcc #eij #cdhajj #bjecgijjj #bdbi #hch #fjj #cfjjjj #bafjjjjjj #bddi #hdc #faj #cgbajj #bbfihajjj #bdfi #hdh #fbj #chddjj #bchcbhjjj #bdij #heb ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,table ,,to ,,calculate ,,wages ,,& ,,o!r ,,paym5ts4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,ye>4 ,p] ,mon?4 ,p] ,week4 ,p] ,day4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 #a #j #a #h #j #j #d #j #j #b #j #c #d #j #j #i #j #a #c #j #e #j #j #a #a #j #b #d #j #f #h #j #a #f #j #b #e #j #h #d #j #a #aa #j #c #f #j #aj #j #j #b #a #j #d #g #j #aa #h #j #b #h #j #d #h #j #ac #d #j #c #a #j #e #i #j #ae #j #j #c #e #j #f #aj #j #af #h #j #c #aj #j #f #aa #j #ah #d #j #d #c #j #g #ab #a #j #j #j #d #g #j #h #ac #a #a #h #j #e #j #j #h #ad #a #c #d #j #e #d #j #i #ae #a #e #j #j #e #i #j #i #af #a #f #h #j #f #a #j #aj #ag #a #h #d #j #f #f #j #aa #ah #a #aj #j #j #f #aa #j #aa #ai #a #aa #h #j #g #c #a #j #bj #a #ac #d #j #g #h #a #a #cj #b #aj #j #j #aa #f #a #g #dj #c #f #h #j #ae #d #b #b #ej #d #c #d #j #ai #b #b #i #fj #e #j #j #a #c #a #c #c #gj #e #af #h #a #f #aa #c #aj #hj #f #ac #d #a #aj #i #d #d #ij #g #aj #j #a #ad #g #d #aa #ajj #h #f #h #a #ah #e #e #e ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,if ! ,wages be ,gu9eas in/ead ( ,p\nds1 = ea* ,gu9ea add #a;d4 to ea* mon?1 or #a_/d;d4 to ea* week4 ,,h&y ,,univ]sal ,,int]e/ ,,table4 7,by ,alfr$ ,fry]47 ,%[+ ! ,int]e/1 to ! #ajj? "p ( a f>?+1 on any ,sum f #a to #a1jjj1jjj1 = any numb] ( days1 at any rate p] c5t4 ---------------------------------------- --- s4 d4 f4 #ajj?s ---------------------------------------- --- #a #j #j #a #b #c #b #j #j #a #a #bf #c #j #j #a #c #hi #d #j #j #b #b #eb #e #j #j #c #a #ae #f #j #j #c #c #gh #g #j #j #d #b #da #h #j #j #e #a #d #i #j #j #e #c #fg #aj #j #j #f #b #cj #bj #j #a #a #j #fj #cj #j #a #g #b #ij #dj #j #b #b #a #ba #ej #j #b #h #c #ea #fj #j #c #c #a #ha #gj #j #c #aj #j #aa #hj #j #d #d #b #da #ij #j #d #aa #j #ga #ajj #j #e #e #c #a #bjj #j #aj #aa #b #c #cjj #j #af #e #a #d #djj #a #a #aa #j #e #ejj #a #g #d #c #g #fjj #a #ab #aj #b #h #gjj #a #ah #d #a #aj #hjj #b #c #aj #j #aa #ijj #b #i #c #c #ab #a1jjj #b #ad #i #b #ad #b1jjj #e #i #g #j #bg #c1jjj #h #d #d #b #da #d1jjj #aj #ai #b #j #ee #e1jjj #ac #ac #aa #b #fh #f1jjj #af #h #i #j #hb #g1jjj #ai #c #f #b #if #h1jjj #ba #ah #d #a #aj #i1jjj #bd #ac #a #c #bc #aj1jjj #bg #g #aa #a #cg #bj1jjj #ed #ae #aj #b #gd #cj1jjj #hb #c #aj #j #aa #dj1jjj #aji #aa #i #a #dh #ej1jjj #acf #ai #h #b #he #fj1jjj #afd #g #h #j #bb #gj1jjj #aia #ae #g #a #ei #hj1jjj #bai #c #f #j #if #ij1jjj #bdf #aa #f #j #cb #ajj1jjj #bgc #ai #e #a #gj #bjj1jjj #edg #ah #aj #c #dj #cjj1jjj #hba #ah #d #a #i #djj1jjj #ajie #ag #i #b #gi #ejj1jjj #acfi #ag #c #j #di #fjj1jjj #fdc #af #h #b #ai #gjj1jjj #iag #af #a #c #hi #hjj1jjj #baia #ae #g #a #ei #ijj1jjj #bdfe #ae #j #c #bi #a1jjj1jjj #bgci #ad #f #j #ii ---------------------------------------- --- ,,! ,,rule4--,multiply ! numb] ( ^u :i* ! int]e/ is to be calculat$ by ! numb] ( days1 & !n multiply ?is product by ! rate ( int]e/1 /rike out ! la/ two figures to ! "r h&1 & f9d f ! table ! int]e/ on ! rema9+ figures4 ,example4--,:at is ! int]e/ ( #bga = #ij days at #g p] c5t4 p] ann48 ,multiply #bga by #ij numb] ( days ------ !n multiply #bdcij by #g rate ( int]e/ ------ #agjgcj /rike out la/ #b figures1 viz43 #cj1 & 9 ! table s4 d4 f4 #ajj?s4 aga9/ #ajjj y f9d #b #ad #i #b #ad 0 #gjj 0 #a #ah #d #a #aj 0 #g 0 #j #j #d #b #da ------------------------------- #d #ac #f #a #fe ,if ! product ( ! numb] ( on :i* ! int]e/ be calculat$ numb] ( days rate ( int]e/ is1 aft] elision ( ! la/ two figures1 a multiple ( a million1 multiply ! figures 9 table aga9/ #a1jjj1jjj by ! numb] ( t multiple4 ,,au/ralian ,,m9+ ,,regulations4 ,,new ,,s\? ,,wales4 ,by ! ,m9+ ,act ( #ahgd1 ! ,gov]nor 0 emp[]$ to proclaim ,cr[n l&s to be gold-fields1 & to grant 8m9]s' rights0 at a fee ( #ajs41 betwe5 ,janu>y & ,june exclusive1 ( ea* ye>1 & #es4 aft] t date 9 ea* ye>1 subject to c]ta9 regulations to be f to "t to "t prescrib$4 ,all m9]s' rights t]m9ate ) ! la/ day ( ! ye>1 & )\t a m9]'s "r no p]son is all[$ to m9e = gold1 "u a p5alty n exce$+ #aj4 ,bus9ess lic5ces may also be grant$ enabl+ p]sons to occupy ,cr[n l&s )9 gold-fields = bus9ess purposes1 on paym5t ( a fee ( #a = a ye>1 & #ajs4 = six mon?s4 ,leases ( aurif]\s l&s may be obta9$ 9 accordance ) ! regulations = ! "t be+1 ! r5t to be fix$ by ! ,gov]nor 9 ,c\ncil 7#a p] acre = "o to tw5ty-five acres alluvial & qu>tz reef74 ,special leases may be grant$ up to #ajj acres4 ,by ! regulations issu$ on ,m>* #ca1 #ahhb1 x is enact$ t any p>cel ( new or unwork$ l&1 tak5 possession ( ) a view ( obta9+ a lease1 %all be effici5tly & cont9u\sly work$ f ! date ( possession by n less ?an two m5 to f\r acres or less1 & an additional man to e o!r two acres1 "u pa9 ( =feiture ( ! title to ! l&4 ,! hold] ( a m9]'s "r may apply = au?ority to se>* = gold1 & ! hold] ( a m9]al lic5ce may apply = au?ority to se>* = m9]als on l& a=esaid4 ,at ! expiration ( two mon?s ! ,w>d5 may grant an au?ority to se>* on su* l&1 & ! hold] may1 )9 ! p]iod nam$ 9 ! au?ority1 remove f any ve9 or lode outcropp+ at ! surface #bh lb4 weight1 b mu/ n break ! gr\nd4 ,application to lease may be made & lodg$ ) ! ,w>d5 ( ! di/rict1 or ne>e/ ,w>d5's ,cl]k1 )9 "o mon? f date ( au?ority to se>*3 #a4 ,by ! hold] ( an au?ority to se>*1 ! area n to exce$ #bj acres = gold-m9+1 or #hj acres = o!r m9]als4 #b4 ,by ! hold] ( a m9]'s "r1 ! area n to exce$ #bj acres ( ord9>y aurif]\s l&1 or #dj acres ( alluvial aurif]\s l&1 :]e ! m9+ op]ations w be conduct$ ?r\gh basaltic rock =mation1 or :]e /eam ma*9]y is necess>y to cont5d aga9/ wat]1 or :]e a l>ge outlay ( money is necess>y4 #c4 ,by ! hold] ( a m9]al lic5ce to m9e = silv]1 lead1 t91 antimony1 ! area n to exce$ #hj acres4 #d4 ,by ! hold] ( a prospect+ lic5ce1 )9 #cj days aft] discov]y ( an aurif]\s qu>tz ve9 9 a prospect+ area1 area n to exce$ #bj acres4 #e4 ,by ! hold] ( a m9]'s "r or m9]al lic5ce1 = ! purpose ( cutt+ races1 convey+ wat] or detritus to any m9e1 tramway1 ma*9e site1 smelt+ works1 wat] cons]vation1 or o!r purpose connect$ ) m9+4 ,) e application to lease1 ! applicant1 n be+ ! own] ( ! l&1 %all deposit = r5t = fir/ half ye>1 #ajs4 = e acre or "p ( an acre4 ,fees are requir$ = ! survey ( ! leasehold & road !reto1 & also = apprais+ damage4 ,! own] may agree ) ! applicant to lease ^u ! am\nt ( comp5sation & ! mode ( paym5t ( same1 o!rwise an apprais] appo9t$ by ! ,gov]nm5t may assess ! am\nt ( comp5sation to be paid by ! applicant to ! own]4 ,if ! applicant fail to pay ! comp5sation aw>d$ )9 ! "t specifi$1 ! application %all become void1 & all moneys deposit$ %all become =feit$4 ,,victoria4 ,m9]s' rights are issu$ at ! rate ( #es4 p] annum1 & consolidat$ m9]s' rights may be issu$ on ! application ( ! manag] or tru/ees ( any company agree+ to "w 9 p>tn]%ip any claims regi/]$ "u ! ,act1 on paym5t ( a sum at ! prescrib$ rate multipli$ by ! numb] ( m9]s' rights s consolidat$4 ,m9]s' rights entitle ! hold]s to take possession (1 & reside on & m9e1 s mu* ( ! ,cr[n l&s z may be prescrib$ by ! bylaws ( ! ,local ,m9+ ,bo>d4 ,bus9ess lic5ces enable ! hold]s to occupy & c>ry on bus9ess on ! gold-fields1 on l&s n exce$+ "o acre 9 ext5t1 & are issu$ at #b #ajs4 = six mon?s1 & #e = twelve mon?s4 ,a lease may be grant$ ( n m ?an #ajj acres 9 "o lot = su* t]m z ! ,gov]nor may det]m9e & at a nom9al r5t1 to any hold] ( a m9]s' "r :o may be desir\s to prospect = gold 9 any place :]e s9k+ ?r\gh basalt w be necess>y1 & to :i* no "p ( any gold work+s %all be ne>] ?an five miles1 "o mile be+ all[$ to be m>k$ (f = ! prospect+1 & ! lease ( #ajj acres to be grant$ only 9 case ( remun]ative gold be+ f\nd4 ,gold-m9+ leases may be grant$ "u ,"p ,i4 ( ! 8,m9es ,act #ahij10 ( ,cr[n l&s1 pa/oral areas1 also l&s ali5at$ 9 fee s9ce ,decemb] #bi1 #ahhd1 l&s lic5s$ or leas$ 7) "r ( pur*ase7 s9ce ,decemb] #bi1 #ahhd4 ,leases to m9e = gold & silv] may be grant$ "u ,"p ,,ii4 ( ! 8,m9es ,act #ahij10 ( l&s ali5at$ 9 fee prior to ,decemb] #bi1 #ahhd4 ,! r5t on gold-m9+ leases ( any l&s--except l&s ali5at$ 9 fee prior to ,decemb] #bi1 #ahhd--;is at ! rate ( #es4 p] acre p] annum1 payable half-ye>ly 9 advance2 & = l&s ali5at$ 9 fee prior to ,decemb] #bi1 #ahhd1 ! r5t is1 = any area up to #dj acres1 #a p] annum1 payable qu>t]ly 9 advance 9 ea* case4 ,on m9]al leases ! r5t is n less ?an #c;d4 or m ?an #e p] acre p] annum1 payable half-ye>ly1 9 advance4 ,! am\nt to be lodg$ ) an application = m9+ lease is #e1 & su* fur!r sum z may be requir$ to cov] co/ ( survey4 ,lic5ces to cut1 con/ruct1 & use races1 dra9s1 dams1 & res]voirs = m9+ purposes1 may be grant$ = a t]m n to exce$ fifte5 ye>s1 at a m9imum r5t ( #b p] annum 9 advance4 ,,s\? ,,au/ralia4 ,a m9]'s "r au?orises ! hold] to prospect = any metal1 m9]al1 coal1 or oil1 ! prop]ty ( ! ,cr[n2 "u a gold claim ( #bj acres1 a m9]al claim n exce$+ #dj acres1 & a coal or oil claim1 #fdj acres4 ,own]%ip ( claim conf]s ! "r to reside !reon1 & pref]5tial "r to a lease4 ,! dim5sions ( a gold claim are = an ord9>y reef claim1 #ajj by #fjj feet1 & an ord9>y alluvial claim #cj by #cj feet1 ) a lab\r condition requir+ "o man to be kept employ$4 ,a m9]al claim ( #dj acres requires two m52 coal & oil claims 7#fdj acres7 require eight m54 ,a bus9ess lic5ce 7qu>t] acre 9 t[n%ip1 & "o acre on o!r l&7 co/s #ajs4 = six mon?s & #a = "o ye>4 ,occupation lic5ce 7half acre71 #bs4 p] annum1 t]m f\rte5 ye>s4 ,a p]son may hold any numb] ( claims 7except alluvial claims1 ( :i* only "o c be held at "o "t71 b = ea* claim mu/ hold a m9]'s "r4 ,gold leases n exce$+ #bj acres1 t]m =ty-two ye>s1 r5t #as4 p] acre & #f;d4 9 ! p\nd on net pr(its2 lab\r1 "o man to e #e acres4 ,m9]al leases n exce$+ #dj acres1 t]m =ty-two ye>s1 r5t #as4 p] acre1 & #f;d4 9 ! p\nd on net pr(its2 lab\r1 "o man to e #aj acres4 ,coal & oil leases 7#fdj acres71 t]m =ty-two ye>s1 r5t #f;d4 p] acre until coal or oil is f\nd 9 payable quantities1 !n #as4 p] acre2 lab\r1 "o man = e #dj acres4 ,miscellane\s lease = salt & gypsum1 #dj acres2 m9]al spr+s1 #bj acres1 & smelt+ works' site1 #e acres1 t]m =ty-two ye>s2 lab\r = salt & gypsum & m9]al spr+s1 two m5 = ea* #dj acres4 ,any numb] ( leases may be held1 b a m9]'s "r = ea* is requir$4 ,all claims mu/ be con/antly work$1 & mu/ be regi/]$ )9 ?irty days aft] be+ pegg$ out4 ,,we/]n ,,au/ralia4 ,on ,april #ag1 #ahhd1 am5d$ ,m9+ ,regulations 7 issu$1 emp[]+ ! ,gov]nor to proclaim any portion ( ,cr[n l& to be a gold-field1 & to appo9t ,w>d5s1 :o c\ld grant m9]'s rights to any p]son ^u paym5t ( #a p] ye>1 au?oris+ ! hold] to se>* & m9e = gold on any wa/e l& ^u regi/]+ ! occupation ( ! claim ) ! ,w>d5 or o!r duly appo9t$ (fic]4 ,alluvial ord9>y claims to comprise an area ( #af by #af y>ds = "o p]son1 ord9>y riv] & /eam claims to h a frontage ( #bj y>ds on ! c\rse ( ! riv] or /ream1 & a dep? ( #ej y>ds on bo? banks2 ord9>y qu>tz claims n to exce$ #ej feet 9 l5g? on ! suppos$ c\rse ( ! reef by a wid? n exce$+ #djj feet4 ,any gr\nd tak5 up = m9+ & unoccupi$ & unwork$ = t5 days to be consid]$ z ab&on$4 ,on ,octob] #a1 #ahhf1 8,regulations = ! ,managem5t ( ,gold-fields0 came into op]ation1 deal+ ) ! conditions "u :i* a m9] desir\s ( prospect+ may m>k (f & hold a protection area2 also z reg>ds alluvial claims1 & ! rew>ds to be _h = discov]ies ( new gold-fields4 ,by an additional am5d$ regulation1 grant$ "u regulations ( ,febru>y #b1 #ahhh1 any protection area :i* aft] ! date ( ! grant !re( comes )9 ! limits ( a proclaim$ gold-field1 may1 not)/&+ su* proclamation1 cont9ue to be held until ! expiration ( twelve mon?s f ! date ( su* grant1 or until payable gold on su* area is discov]$1 :i* ev] %all fir/ happ54 ,! lab\r conditions mu/ h[ev] be fully compli$ )1 or ! ext5sion ( "t w cease1 & ! protection area w be =feit$4 ,gold-m9+ leases are grant$ = areas n exce$+ #be acres1 at an annual r5t1 payable 9 advance1 ( #bjs4 p] acre4 ,! t]m may n exce$ tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,! leases are liable to cancellation unless work$ by ! prop] numb] ( m51 or ma*9]y p[] equal to ! m54 ,! leases c be det]m9$ by giv+ ?ree mon?s' notice1 & ! lessees h p[] to remove all ma*9]y us$ on ! l&4 ,,que5sl&4 ,on paym5t ( #ajs4 ! ,gov]nor may cause to be issu$ to any p]son 7n be+ an ,asiatic or ,african ali571 a m9+ lic5ce = "o ye>1 & on paym5t ( ! sum ( #d a bus9ess lic5ce4 ,all applications = m9]al leases to be made on ! prescrib$ =m1 & to be accompani$ by ! prop] survey fee & ! fir/ ye>'s r5t4 ,! ye>ly r5tal ( e lease to be at ! rate ( #ajs4 p] acre1 payable 9 advance1 ! t]m n to exce$ tw5ty-"o ye>s1 b a fur!r lease ( tw5ty-"o ye>s may be grant$ on su* t]ms z ! ,m9i/] deems equitable4 ,area n to exce$ #ajj acres4 ,m9+ )\t a "r is puni%able by removal ( ! (f5d] f ! field1 & ! infliction ( a f9e ( #aj1 or "o mon?'s imprisonm5t4 ,m9]s desir\s ( prospect+ = gold may m>k (f & hold protection areas1 rang+ accord+ to ! di/ance f a proclaim$ gold-field ( #aej to #djj y>ds squ>e4 ,su* areas h to be pegg$1 regi/]$1 & cont9u\sly work$4 ,on payable gold be+ f\nd & report$ to ! ,w>d51 ! prospectors are entitl$ to a rew>d claim :i* v>ies f two to tw5ty claims ( ! ord9>y area4 #ej feet frontage are all[$ to ea* m9] on riv] & creek claims4 ,on ord9>y qu>tz claims1 #ej feet along ! l9e ( reef1 by a wid? ( #djj feet1 are all[$4 ,! ext5t ( gr\nd 9 any lode claim n to exce$ #c *a9s by #e *a9s1 alluvial claim n to exce$ #d *a9s by #d *a9s4 ,?is area may be increas$ by ! ,w>d5 :5 ! gr\nd is poor1 or exp5sive ma*9]y has be5 erect$4 ,europeans hold+ m9]s' rights1 :i* are grant$ = t5 ye>s or less on paym5t ( an annual rate ( #ajs41 are all[$ to occupy & enclose1 = ! purpose ( resid5ce1 an area ( l& n exce$+ a qu>t] ( an acre1 to be m>k$ (f 9 a rectangul> block1 or z ne> !reto z possible1 ! frontage ( :i* to any road1 creek1 or wat] %all n exce$ #gb feet1 ! b\nd>ies to be def9$ by corn] pegs #c in*es 9 diamet] & /&+ #ah in*es out ( ! gr\nd1 & c also occupy1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 m>ket-g>d5 areas n exce$+ #e acres4 ,!y are also entitl$ to m9e 9 ,cr[n l&s1 to make dams1 races1 & tramways1 to div]t wat]s1 to put up & remove any build+1 & to use any timb]1 gravel1 or clay = _! own build+ purposes4 ,^u erect+ build+s or mak+ improvem5ts on a bus9ess or resid5ce area1 to ! value ( #e1 ! hold] c h su* area regi/]$ z exempt f ! condition ( resid5ce = a p]iod n exce$+ "o ye>4 ,leases ( l& n exce$+ #be acres = any t]m n exce$+ #ba ye>s are also grant$ = m9+ purposes at a ye>ly r5tal ( #a p] acre4 ,^! leases1 h[ev]1 are n grant$ on new gold-fields until two ye>s aft] proclamation4 ,! ,m9]al ,l&s ,act ( #ahib1 applies to l&s on gold-fields & gives ! p[] to ! hold]s ( m9]'s rights & lic5ces to m9e on l& sold1 subject to res]vation ( gold & silv]1 on obta9+ ! writt5 sanction ( ! ,w>d5 or commission]4 ,,tasmania4 ,a m9]'s "r1 or prospector's protection ord]1 issu$ "u ! ,gold-fields ,act 7! fee = a m9]'s "r be+ #es41 & a prospector's lic5ce #ajs4 p] annum71 au?orises ! hold] to reside ^u a gold-field1 & to occupy a qu>t] ( an acre = resid5ce1 & entitles him to a claim = m9+ purposes3--,alluvial1 s+le claim1 #ce y>ds by #ce y>ds2 unit$ claims1 up to #aj m51 #aaj y>ds by #aaj y>ds4 ,creek claims2 #ce y>ds by #ce y>ds along c\rse ( creek2 unit$ claims n to exce$ six m5's area4 ,ext5d$ alluvial claims2 #gj y>ds by #gj y>ds1 up to #agj y>ds by #agj y>ds = six m52 also to take any quantity ( wat] & ( timb] requir$ = m9+ purposes4 ,ext5d$ alluvial claims ( "o acre = gr\nd previ\sly work$ & ab&on$ may be tak5 up4 ,prospect+ claims1 gold1 n exce$+ #aj acres4 ,fee = regi/ration1 :i* is n compulsory1 #bs4 #f;d42 survey #bes4 ,unit$ claim ( #aj1 fee #es42 survey1 #b4 ,leases n to exce$ #aj acres1 except 9 special cases by p]mission ( ! ,m9i/]2 t]m1 t5 ye>s2 r5t1 #a p] acre4 ,leases may be amalgamat$ to ! ext5t ( #fj acres4 ,lessee has ! "r to r5ewal = t5 ye>s1 r5t n to exce$ #c an acre4 ,fee = prep>ation ( lease1 #a2 transf]1 #ajs4 ,survey fee1 #aj acres1 #c #aes4 ord9>y l&2 #e #ajs4 heavy bu%4 ,on ! ,we/ ,coa/ ! survey fees are3 #a acre & "u1 #a #aes42 #b acres1 & "u #e acres1 #c #aes42 "u #aj acres1 #e #ajs41 up to a maximum ( #bc = n exce$+ #cbj acres4 ,leases are liable to =feiture by ! ,gov]nor 9 ,c\ncil if ! r5t is n paid 9 advance1 or ! lab\r conditions are n compli$ )4 ,lic5ces to occupy l& ^u a gold-field1 = ! purpose ( cultivation1 are issu$ "u ! ,wa/e ,l&s ,acts4 ,area1 #e acres or "u1 r5t #b4 ,,new ,,zeal&4 ,! price ( a 8m9]'s "r0 is #ajs4 p] ye>1 :i* au?orises ! hold] to m9e on ,cr[n l&s ?r\gh\t ! colony outside ( a native di/rict2 & #bjs41 :i* au?orises him to m9e on native l&s & ,cr[n l&s1 or su* o!r sum z %all n be less ?an ! sum :i* ! ,gov]nor may h agre$ to pay to ! own]s ( ! l& z consid]ation = ! "r to m9e !reon4 ,consolidat$ m9]s' rights are issu$ at ! rate ( a s+le m9]'s "r 7#ajs471 multipli$ by ! numb] ( m9]s' rights :i* ! consolidat$ "r is to repres5t4 ,bus9ess lic5ces1 to be 9 =ce = twelve or six mon?s1 are issu$ on paym5t 9 advance ( #c = a ye>ly1 & #a #ajs4 = a half-ye>ly lic5ce respectively4 ,! hold] ( a m9]'s "r is entitl$ to ent] ^u any ,cr[n l& = ! purpose ( prospect+ & se>*+ = gold1 & to take & ma9ta9 possession ( a p>cel or p>cels ( l& & "w ! same1 subject to ! regulations & provisions ( ! ,act2 he is also au?oris$ to cut timb] = removal or = ! erection ( a place ( resid5ce or ( bus9ess1 & ) ! ,w>d5's cons5t1 to make tramways or roads = m9+ purposes4 ,claims are ( f\r k9ds--alluvial deposits & riv] or creek b$s2 qu>tz lodes1 reefs1 & lead]s2 sea-bea* claims2 prospect+ claims & areas4 ,claims may be m>k$ out by any p]son desir+ ! exclusive occupation ( ! l&1 b !y mu/ be cont9u\sly work$1 or !y are liable to =feiture4 ,! hold] ( a m9]'s "r c obta9 a lic5ce = ! occupation ( l& z a lic5s$ hold+ by pay+ ! necess>y exp5ses = survey+1 c41 toge!r ) a deposit ( #e 9 respect ( su* application4 ,,index ,a ,adobie hut1 #abg1 #abh ,arial tramways1 #aab ,amalgam1 ,retort = small quantities (1 #adb2 squeez+1 #aee ,amalgamation ( gold1 #cj ,amalgamators1 #ia-ic ,an]oid b>omet]1 ,use (1 = level+1 #afj1 #afa ,antifriction comp\nd1 #afe ,aque\s orig9 ( ore deposits1 #cf-ch ,assay app>atus1 ,simple =m (1 #ad1 #ae ,assay+ gold by amalgamation1 #cj ,areas1 ,to lay out1 #agd1 #age ,a!rton1 on native sulphide ( gold1 #de1 #df ,atmosph]e1 #aij ,atomic weights1 #aha1 #ahb ,au/ralian m9+ regulations1 #aid1 et seq42 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 #aid2 ,victoria1 #aie2 ,s4 ,au/ralia1 #aie2 ,w4 ,au/ralia1 #aie2 ,que5sl&1 #aih2 ,tasmania1 #bjj ,b ,batt]y1 ! be/ way to te/ value ( lodes1 #ca ,beck]1 on ,com/ock lode1 #db1 #dc ,belt+1 ,data z to1 #agh1 #ahj ,bis*(1 exp]im5t on =mation ( d5droidal gold1 #ci ,black jack1 #cc ,blanket tables1 #gi ,boil]s1 ,h[ to clean1 #afd ,boil+ po9ts1 #ahd ,bor+1 #agb ,bottom1 ,signs (1 #bj ,braidwood nugget1 #ed ,brass1 ,h[ to clean1 #afe ,brckn] furnace1 #aje ,bucket1 ,hide1 #aci ,bulk ( mat]ials1 #ahj ,burra ,burra ,m9e1 #bd ,bu% b$1 #acj ,bynoe h>b\r1 ,t9 at1 #cb ,c ,cali=nia pump1 #aga ,*all5g] ore fe$]1 #gd1 #ge ,*>coal1 ,to make1 #ada ,*emical =mulas1 #ahb ,*lor9e z a lixiviator1 #gc-ge ,company =mation1 #aac-abf ,com/ock lode1 #db1 #dc ,copp] m9e at ,burra ,burra1 #bd ,copp] plates1 ,scal+1 #add1 #ade2 ,silv]+1 #adi2 ,dress+1 #aea ,correspond5ce1 ,h[ to make copies (1 #acg ,cube roots1 #aia ,cubes1 #aia ,cyanide ( potassium1 ,use (1 9 extract+ gold1 #ie1 #if ,d ,da9tree1 on deposition ( gold f *loride1 #ea ,diamond drill+1 #agc ,directors ( companies1 #aad et seq4 ,dodge /one-break]s1 #fi1 #gj ,dolly1 #aeb ,drift1 ,orig9 ( gold 91 #di ,dry bl[+1 #ah ,dug\t1 #abh ,duncan pan1 #ia ,e ,electricity z a motive p[] & transmitt]1 #aaa1 #aab ,electrolytic process ( extract+ gold1 #if-ii ,elem5ts1 ,table (1 #aha1 #ahb ,eurie[ie1 ,t9 at1 #cb ,f ,filt]1 #ace1 #acf ,fire1 ,mode ( produc+1 #acg ,fire-lute1 #aff ,flood$ ,/ream1 ,h[ to cross a1 #ach ,flumes1 #fc ,=ge1 ,tempor>y1 #adj ,freez+-po9ts1 #ahd ,frue vann]1 #hi1 #ij ,fuels1 ,heat values (1 #ahd ,furnaces us$ 9 calc9+1 #aja et seq4 ,fus+ po9ts1 #ahd ,g ,gold1 ,value (1 #a2 ,e>ly notices (1 #a1 #b2 ,orig9 & s\rces (1 #b-g2 ,modes ( occurr5ce1 #aj1 #aa2 ,prospect+ =1 #ac et seq42 ,signs (1 #bf2 ,assay+1 by amalgamation1 #cj2 associat$ ) t9 ores1 #cb1 #cc2 ,relation (1 to volcanic action1 #cf2 its probable mode ( occurr5ce 9 e>ly geological times1 #ch1 #ci2 ,mode ( deposition 9 qu>tz1 #ci1 #ee1 #eg2 ,=mation ( sulphides (1 #ci1 #dj2 ,precipitation (1 9 pyrites1 #da1 #db1 #ea-ed2 ,solution (1 by m9e wat]1 #db2 ,op9ion z to gr[? (1 9 drift deposits #dh2 ,da9tree on its deposition f *loride1 #ea2 ,wilk9son on its precipitation on iron pyrites1 #ea1 #eb ,gold 7,alluvial7 ,orig9 (1 #ag1 #di1 #ej1 #ea2 ,prospect+ =1 #ag ,gold extraction1 #aa1 #ab1 #ei et seq42 necessity ( sci5tific proc$ure1 #fj2 ,g]man organisation1 #fj2 e>ly me?ods1 #fa2 mod]n me?ods1 #fa et seq42 hydraulic+1 #fb1 #fe2 mills & cru%]s1 #ff-gb2 p[] & wat] = batt]ies1 #gc1 #gd2 ore fe$]s1 #gd1 #ge2 /amp mills1 #gf-gh2 scre5s1 #gh2 blanket tables1 #gi2 treatm5t ( pyrit\s ores1 #hj2 mode ( sav+ ! gold1 #ha2 treatm5t ( f]rug9\s ores1 #hb2 clean+ & scal+ plates1 #hc2 retort+ amalgam1 #hd-hf2 p]cussion tables1 #hh2 ,frue vann]1 #hi1 #ij2 pan conc5trators1 #ij2 amalgamators1 #ia-ic2 lixiviation1 #ic et seq42 calc9ation1 #ajj et seq42 h[ to avoid loss 9 clean+ up1 #adh ,gold-field1 ,m\nt ,br[n #ag1 #ah ,griff9 ,mill1 #fg1 #fi ,grusonw]k ball mill1 #ga ,gutt]s1 #bj ,h ,hammock1 #acj1 #acb ,heat$ be>+s1 ,cool+ comp\nd =1 #afc ,heat values ( fuels1 #ahd ,horse-p[] ( eng9es1 #add1 am\nt requir$ = pump+ wat]1 #agb ,horse-%oe furnace1 #ajc ,h[ell-,:ite furnace1 #ajd1 #aje ,hunt+don mill1 #fi ,hydraulic+1 #fb1 #fe ,hydraulics1 #aga ,hydro-!rmal orig9 ( e>ly deposits1 #cg1 #ch ,i ,int]e/ ,tables1 #aic ,iron1 prev5tion ( ru/ on1 #afe ,iron extractor1 #adh ,iron %eets1 size & weight (1 #ahi ,iron/one 8bl[s0 z indicators ( lodes1 #bf ,j ,johnson1 exp]im5ts on deposition ( gold1 #ee-eg ,l ,lamp1 ,slu%1 #aci ,leads1 ,c\rse (1 #ai ,le ,conte1 on ore deposits1 #cf1 #cg ,lemi*el syphon1 #ff1 #fg ,l5ticul> lodes1 #bd1 #be ,levell+ in/rum5ts1 #afj1 #afa ,liv+ places1 #abg-acj ,lobley1 on gold1 #cf ,lodes1 nature (1 #h-aj2 prospect+ =1 #bb2 grass z an indicator (1 #bb2 n ( igne\s orig91 #bc2 ,qu>tz fragm5ts z indicators (1 #bc2 ,usual tr5d (1 9 ,au/ralia1 #bc2 ,s9u\s outcrops (1 #be1 #bf2 ,det]m9+ ! value (1 #bf1 #bh1 #ca2 ,und]lie (1 9 ,au/ralia1 #bg2 ,explanation ( %utes 91 #dc2 :y junctions (1 are ri*e/ 9 metallic ores1 #dd2 pro(s ( _! be+ =m$ n[1 #dd2 ,newb]y1 on gold 9 pyrit\s lodes1 #dg2 ,d\ble fault+ (1 #gb ,lode t91 #cb ,long tom1 #fb ,loss 9 bla/+1 ,h[ to prev5t1 #adb ,m ,ma*9]y1 ,protection (1 f ru/+1 #aff ,me>'s process1 #id ,measur+ inaccessible di/ances1 #aeg2 ! wid? ( a riv]1 #aeg1 #aeh2 height ( a tree1 #aei1 #afj2 height ( objects1 #afa ,m$ic9e case1 #acf ,m5suration1 #age ,m]cury1 ,retort = small quantities (1 #adc2 ,mode ( supply+1 to mort> boxes1 #ade ,m]cury extractor1 #aee ,metals1 #cc ,m9e manag]s1 #aae et seq4 ,m9e survey+ problems1 #agf ,m9+ regulations1 #aid-bja ,misfires1 ,h[ to deal )1 #ada ,moleswor? furnace1 #ajf ,monitor1 #fd ,m\nt ,bis*(f t9 m9e1 #bd ,m\nt ,br[n gold-field1 #ag1 #ah ,m\nt ,morgan gold m9e1 #bc1 #id1 #ie ,m\nt ,%oobridge1 ,t9 at1 #cb ,n ,names ( common *emical sub/ances1 #ahc ,newb]y1 ,exp]im5ts by1 on mod]n gr[? ( lodes1 #dd1 #de1 #ec2 on gold 9 pyrit\s lodes1 #dg2 exp]im5ts 9 deposit+ gold on sulphides1 #eb1 #ec ,newb]y & ,vaut9 process1 #id ,new ma*9es & processes1 ,advice z to adoption (1 #abj-abb ,new ,zeal&1 ,m9+ regulations (1 #bja ,nor!rn t]ritory hammock1 #acj-acb ,nuggets1 ,position (1 #ag2 ,=mation (1 #ag2 ,orig9 (1 #ej1 #ec-eh ,o ,ore ,deposits1 ,le ,conte's conclusions z to1 #cf1 #cg ,ore res]ves1 ,calculation (1 #afh-agj ,ore values1 ,e/imat+1 #agj ,organic matt] z a precipitant ( gold1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec ,otto eng9es1 #aaj1 #aaa ,p ,p]cussion tables1 #hh ,pipes1 ,h[ to cle>1 #afd ,plants z a s\rce ( wat]1 #acd1 #ace ,plattn] process1 #id ,plumm] blocks1 ,clean+ greasy1 #afc ,pollok process1 #ie ,p[] = mills1 #adg ,prospect1 ,fir/1 #bi2 ,det]m9+ value (1 #bi1 #cj1 #ca ,puddl]s1 #aec-aee ,pump1 #aee1 #aga ,pur*ase ( m9es1 ,advice z to1 #abc ,pyrites z a precipitant ( gold1 #da1 #db1 #ea-ed2 ,mod]n deposition (1 #de2 ,mode ( occurr5ce ( gold 91 #df1 #dg ,pyrit\s ore1 ,mode ( treatm5t (1 #hj ,q ,qu>tz ve9s1 ,rosales's igne\s !ory (1 #cd2 objections !reto1 #ce1 #cf ,r ,ra9fall1 #agh ,reef4 ,see ,lodes ,retort = small quantities ( amalgam1 #adb2 & ( m]cury1 #adc ,rev]b]atory furnaces1 #aja et seq4 ,"r angle1 #aeh ,riv]s1 ,to measure wid? (1 #aeg1 #aeh ,robb]y 9 gold-mills1 ,mode ( prev5t+1 #abd-abf ,ropes1 ,durability (1 #agc2 ,qualities (1 #aij ,rope-splic+1 #aff ,rosales on orig9 ( qu>tz ve9s1 #cb-cd ,rotomahana di/rict1 ,:ite & ,p9k ,t]races 91 #cf ,ru/1 ,solv5t =1 #afe2 ,protect+ iron & /eel f1 #afe ,rutile1 #cb1 #cc ,s ,s*ool ( ,m9es1 ,s4 ,au/ralian1 #aah ,scre5s1 #gh1 #gi ,%aft1 ,size (1 #ai1 #bg2 ,logg+ up1 #bg1 #bh2 ,dep? (1 #afb2 ,connection (1 ) und]gr\nd work+s1 #agf2 ,data connect$ )1 #agg ,%eet-iron1 ,?ickness & weight (1 #ahi1 #aij ,%utes1 ,explanation (1 #dc ,signs1 #ahe ,silica t]races 9 ! ,rotomahana di/rict1 #cf ,silv] ores1 #ca1 #cb ,silv]+ copp] plates1 #adi ,skey1 exp]im5ts on =mation ( sulphides1 #ci1 #dj2 & on _! prop]ties1 #da ,sluice plates1 #aef ,smelt+1 ,r\gh1 #ada ,soap1 ,s]viceable1 #ach ,specific gravity1 #aha1 #ahb ,squ>e roots1 #aia ,squ>es1 #aia ,/amp mills1 #gf1 #gh2 ,p[] =1 #adg ,/eel1 ,h[ to prev5t ru/ 91 #afe ,/etefeldt %aft furnace1 #ajf ,/ream t91 #cb ,sulphide ( gold1 ,=mation (1 #ci1 #dj1 #de1 #df ,sulphides1 ,exp]im5ts on prop]ties (1 #da1 #db1 #ec2 calc9ation (1 #ajj et seq4 ,t ,tank1 to f9d cont5ts (1 #ahi ,telegraphic code1 #ach ,t5t1 #abh-acj ,?ames gold-field1 ,silice\s s9t] 91 #cf ,!rmomet] scales1 ,table (1 #ahd ,?waite-,d5ny furnace1 #aje1 #ajf ,?waite p[] gas sy/em1 #aaj ,?waites' furnace1 #ajb ,timb]1 ,data z to1 #agd ,t91 ,m9]als mi/ak5 =1 #cb2 ,h[ to di/+ui% !m f1 #cc ,t9-m9es at ,m\nt ,bis*(f1 #bd ,t9 ores1 #cb ,tree1 ,to measure height (1 #afj ,tullo* ore fe$]1 #gd1 #ge ,v ,ve91 to f9d lo/ "p (1 #afg ,velocity ( fall+ fluids1 #ahh ,w ,wages1 ,table = calculat+1 #aib ,wa%+ table1 #gi ,wat]1 ,purify+1 #acb1 #acc2 ,roots z a s\rce (1 #acd1 #ace2 ,filt]+ (1 #ace2 ,mode ( supply+1 to /amp] boxes1 #adf2 ,plan = rais+1 #afc2 ,data reg>d+1 #aga2 ,fre% & ,salt1 comp>$1 #ahh2 ,pressure (1 #ahi ,wat] bag1 #acf ,wat]less p[]1 #aji-aab ,watson ,d5ny pan1 #ij ,weight ( mat]ials1 #ahj ,weights & measures1 #ahf1 #ahg ,welcome nugget1 #ed1 #ee ,welcome ,/rang] nugget1 #ed ,wilk9son1 on deposition ( gold 9 iron pyrites1 #ea1 #eb ,w9dlass1 #aec ,wolfram1 #cb1 #cc ,woodside nuggets1 #eg ,pr9t$ by ,ballantyne1 ,hanson ,co4 ,ed9burgh ,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,selection ,,f ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co4',s ,,publications ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,& ,,te*nical ,,works4 ,illu/ration ,,messrs4 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,company',s ,,publications may be obta9$ ?r\gh any ,booksell] 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 or w be s5t ,po/-free on receipt ( a remittance to cov] publi%$ price4 ,to prev5t delay1 ,ord]s %\ld be accompani$ by a ,*eque or ,po/al ,ord] cross$ 8,union ,( ,london & ,smi?'s ,bank1 ,*anc]y ,lane ,bran*40 ,illu/ration ,,complete ,,te*nical1 ,,m$ical1 & ,,g5]al ,,catalogues =w>d$ ,po/-free on ,application4 ,,london3 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 #a_/g_/jf4 --------- ,c4 #cb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,introductory ,,sci5ce ,,s]ies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fully ,,illu/rat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,botany4 ,,op5-,,air ,,/udies ,,9 ,,botany4 ,by ,r4 ,lloyd ,praeg]1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,r4,i4,a41 #g_/f ,,! ,,fl[]+ ,,plant4 ,by ,pr(4 ,a9swor? ,davis4 ,?ird ,edition1 #c_/f ,,h[ ,,plants ,,live ,,& ,,"w4 ,by ,eleanor ,hughes-gibb1 #b_/f ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,daisy4 ,by ,eleanor ,hughes-gibb1 #b_/f ,,bird-,,life4 ,,op5-,,air ,,/udies ,,9 ,,bird-,,life4 ,by ,*>les ,dixon1 #g_/f ,,*emi/ry4 ,,inorganic ,,*emi/ry4 ,by ,pr(4 ,dupr1 ,f4r4s41 & ,dr4 ,wilson ,hake4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,re-issu$1 #f_/ net4 ,,! ,,?re%old ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,by ,dr4 ,ald] ,wright4 ,second ,edition1 #f_/ ,,*emical ,,recreations4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,griff91 ,f4,c4,s4 ,t5? ,edition1 ,complete1 #ab_/f 7,or 9 #b p>ts1 sold sep>ately47 ,,geology4 ,,op5-,,air ,,/udies ,,9 ,,geology4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,a4 ,j4 ,cole1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,m4,r4,i4,a4 ,second ,edition1 #h_/f ,,eng9e]+ ,,draw+4 ,i4 ,,practical ,,geometry1 ,,f\r? ,,edition1 #d_/f ,,ii4 ,,ma*9e ,,design1 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,by ,pr9cipal ,s4 ,h4 ,wells1 ,a4,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 #d_/f ,,magnetism ,,electricity4 ,by ,pr(4 ,jamieson1 late ( ! ,glasg[ & ,we/ ( ,scotl& ,te*nical ,college1 ,sev5? ,edition1 #c_/f ,,me*anics4 ,by ,pr(4 ,jamieson4 ,sev5? ,edition1 #c_/f ,,! ,,/eam ,,eng9e4 ,by ,pr(4 ,jamieson4 ,elev5? ,edition1 #c_/f ,,metallurgy4 ,by ,pr(4 ,humboldt ,sexton1 ,glasg[ & ,we/ ( ,scotl& ,te*nical ,college4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$1 #f_/ ,,physics4 ,a ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,physics3 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,poynt+1 ,sc4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 & ,j4 ,j4 ,?omson1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,vol4 ,i4--,prop]ties ( ,matt]4 ,?ird ,edition1 #aj_/f ,vol4 ,,ii4--,s\nd4 ,?ird ,edition1 #h_/f ,vol4 ,,iii4--,heat4 ,second ,edition1 #ae_/ ,,photography4 ,by ,a4 ,bro!rs1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,second ,edition1 #ba_/ ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 8,boys ,,c\ld ,,n ,,h ,a ,,m ,,allur+ ,,introduction to sci5tific pursuits ?an ^! *>m+-look+ volumes40--,lett] to ! ,publi%]s f ! ,headma/] ( "o ( our great ,public ,s*ools4 ,h&some ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,gilt1 = ,pres5tation1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,op5-,,air ,,/udies ,,9 ,,botany3 ,,sket*es ,,( ,,briti% ,,wild ,,fl[]s ,,9 ,,_! ,,homes4 ,,by ,r4 ,,lloyd ,,praeg]1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,r4,i4,a4 ,illu/rat$ by ,draw+s f ,nature by ,s4 ,rosamond ,praeg]1 & ,photographs by ,r4 ,wel*4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,a ,daisy-,/>r$ ,pa/ure--,"u ! ,haw?orns--,by ! ,riv]--,along ! ,%+le--,a ,fragrant ,h$g][--,a ,connem>a ,bog--,:]e ! ,samphire gr[s--,a ,fl[]y ,mead[--,among ! ,corn 7a ,/udy 9 ,we$s7--,9 ! ,home ( ! ,alp9es--,a ,city ,rubbi%-,heap--,gloss>y4 8,a ,,fre% ,,& ,,/imulat+ book 444 %\ld take a high place 444 ,! ,illu/rations are drawn ) mu* skill40--,! ,times4 8,,beautifully ,,illu/rat$ 444 ,"o ( ! ,,mo/ ,,accurate z well z ,,int]e/+ books ( ! k9d we h se540--,a!num4 8,r$ol5t ) ! sc5t ( woodl& & mead[40--,! ,/&>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) #ab ,full-,page ,illu/rations f ,photographs4 ,clo?4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,op5-,,air ,,/udies ,,9 ,,geology3 ,an ,introduction to ,geology ,out-(-doors4 ,by ,,gr5ville ,a4 ,j4 ,,cole1 ,f4,g4,s41 ,m4,r4,i4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,geology 9 ! ,royal ,college ( ,sci5ce = ,irel&1 & ,exam9] 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,london4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,! ,mat]ials ( ! ,e>?--,a ,m\nta9 ,holl[--,d[n ! ,valley--,along ! ,%ore--,across ! ,pla9s--,dead ,volcanoes--,a ,granite ,highl&--,! ,annals ( ! ,e>?--,! ,surrey ,hills--,! ,folds ( ! ,m\nta9s4 8,! ,,fasc9at+ #8,op5-air ,/udies' ( ,pr(4 ,cole give ! subject a ,,gl[ ,,( ,,animation 444 _c fail to ar\se ke5 int]e/ 9 geology40--,geological ,magaz9e4 8,a ,,*>m+ ,,book1 beautifully illu/rat$40--,a!num4 99 99 99 99 99 ,beautifully ,illu/rat$4 ,) a ,frontispiece 9 ,col\rs1 & ,num]\s ,specially ,drawn ,plates by ,*>les ,:ymp]4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,op5-,,air ,,/udies ,,9 ,,bird-,,life3 ,,sket*es ,,( ,,briti% ,,birds ,,9 ,,_! ,,haunts4 ,by ,,*>les ,,dixon4 ,! ,spaci\s ,air4--,! ,op5 ,fields & ,d[ns4--,9 ! ,h$g][s4--,on ,op5 ,hea? & ,moor4--,on ! ,m\nta9s4--,among/ ! ,ev]gre5s4--,copse & ,woodl&4--,by ,/ream & ,pool4--,! ,s&y ,wa/es & ,mudflats4--,sea-lav$ ,rocks4--,birds ( ! ,cities4--,index4 8,enri*$ ) excell5t illu/rations4 ,a welcome addition to all libr>ies40--,we/m9/] ,review4 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo1 ) num]\s ,illu/rations4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,fl[]+ ,,plant1 ,,) ,a ,,supplem5t>y ,,*apt] ,,on ,,f]ns ,,& ,,mosses1 ,z ,illu/rat+ ! ,fir/ ,pr9ciples ( ,botany4 ,by ,j4 ,r4 ,,a9swor? ,,davis1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,z4,s41 ,pr(4 ( ,biology1 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,ab]y/wy?2 ,exam9] 9 ,zoology1 ,univ]sity ( ,ab]de54 8,x w\ld be h>d to f9d a ,text-book :i* w\ld bett] guide ! /ud5t to an accurate k ( mod]n discov]ies 9 ,botany4444 ,! ,,sci5tific ,,accuracy ( /atem5t1 & ! concise exposition ( ,,fir/ ,,pr9ciples make x valuable = educational purposes4 ,9 ! *apt] on ! ,physiology ( ,fl[]s1 an admirable rsum1 drawn f ,d>w91 ,h]mann ,mll]1 ,k]n]1 & ,lubbock1 ( :at is kn[n ( ! ,f]tilization ( ,fl[]s1 is giv540--,j\rnal ( ,botany4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,popul> ,,works ,,on ,,botany ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,hughes-,,gibb4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,h[ ,,plants ,,live ,,& ,,"w3 ,a ,simple ,introduction to ,real ,life 9 ! ,plant-_w1 ,bas$ on ,lessons ,orig9ally ,giv5 to ,c\ntry ,*ildr54 ,by ,,eleanor ,,hughes-,,gibb4 ,! att5tion ( all int]e/$ 9 ! ,sci5tific ,tra9+ ( ! ,"y is reque/$ to ?is ,,delightfully ,,fre% & ,,*>m+ ,,little ,,book4 ,x ought to be 9 ! h&s ( e ,"m & ,tea*] ?r\gh\t ! l&4 8,! *ild's att5tion is fir/ secur$1 & !n1 9 language ,,simple1 ,,yet ,,sci5tifically ,,accurate1 ! fir/ lessons 9 plant-life are set be=e x40--,natural ,sci5ce4 8,9 e way well calculat$ to make ! /udy ( ,botany ,,attractive to ! "y40--,scotsman 99 99 99 99 99 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,gilt1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,daisy2 8,,:eat ,,out ,,( ,,lilies20 ,& ,o!r ,/udies f ! ,plant ,_w4 ,a ,popul> ,introduction to ,botany4 ,by ,,eleanor ,,hughes-,,gibb1 ,au?or ( ,h[ ,plants ,live & ,"w4 8,a ,,bright little introduction to ! /udy ( ,fl[]s40 --,j\rnal ( ,botany4 8,! book w af=d real assi/ance to ^? :o c d]ive pleasure f ! /udy ( ,nature 9 ! op54444 ,! lit]>y /yle is comm5dable40--,k4 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,griff9's ,/&>d ,publications ,,page ,,appli$ ,,me*anics1 ,,rank9e1 ,,br[ne1 ,,jamieson1 #ce1df1cd ,,civil ,,eng9e]+1 ,,pr(4 ,,rank9e1 #ce ,,design ,,( ,,/ructures1 ,s4 ,,angl91 #bf ,,bridge-,,con/ruction1 ,,pr(4 ,,fidl]1 #bf ,,design ,,( ,,beams1 ,w4 ,h4 ,,a!rton1 #bg ,,dock ,,eng9e]+1 ,b4 ,,cunn+ham1 #bg ,,eng9e]+ ,,draw+1 ,s4 ,h4 ,,wells1 #bg ,,con/ructional ,,/eelwork1 ,a4 ,w4 ,,f>nswor?1 #bf ,,c5tral ,,electrical ,,/ations1 ,c4 ,h4 ,,word+ham1 #dh ,,electricity ,,control1 ,l4 ,,&rews1 #dh 0 ,,met]s1 ,h4 ,g4 ,,solomon1 #di ,,light ,,railways1 ,w4 ,h4 ,,cole1 #cj ,,sewage ,,disposal ,,works1 ,,santo ,,crimp1 #gf ,,sanit>y ,,eng9e]+1 ,f4 ,,wood1 #gh ,,trav]se ,,tables1 ,r4 ,l4 ,,gurd51 #cc ,,locomotive ,,eng9e]+1 ,w4 ,f4 ,,pettigrew1 #cj ,,locomotive ,,comp\ndi ,j4 ,f4 ,,gairns1 #cj ,,valves ,,& ,,valve-,,ge>+1 ,,*as4 ,,hur/1 #ca ,,h9ts ,,on ,,design1 ,,*as4 ,,hur/1 #ca ,,m>9e ,,eng9e]+1 ,a4 ,e4 ,,seaton1 #dd ,,eng9e-,,room ,,practice1 ,j4 ,g4 ,,liv]sidge1 #bi ,,pocket-,,book1 ,,seaton ,,& ,,r\n?waite1 #dd ,,pres5t ,,day ,,%ipbuild+1 ,t4 ,,walton1 #ch ,,design ,,( ,,%ips1 ,,pr(4 ,,h>v>d ,,biles1 #ch ,,/eel ,,vessels1 ,t4 ,,walton1 #ch ,,/ability ,,( ,,%ips1 ,,sir ,e4 ,j4 ,,re$1 #ch ,,nautical ,,s]ies1 ,ed4 by ,,capt4 ,,blackmore1 #ci ,,! ,,/eam-,,eng9e1 ,,rank9e1 ,,jamieson1 #ce1cd ,,gas1 ,,oil1 ,,& ,,air-,,eng9es1 ,,bryan ,,donk91 #bh ,,boil]s3 ,,l& ,,& ,,m>9e1 ,t4 ,w4 ,,traill1 #bi 0 ,,/eam1 ,r4 ,d4 ,,munro1 #cb 0 ,,kit*51 ,r4 ,d4 ,,munro1 #cb 0 ,,heat ,,effici5cy ,,(1 ,,bryan ,,donk91 #bh ,,oil ,,fuel1 ,,sidney ,h4 ,,nor?1 #bi ,,ma*9]y ,,& ,,millwork1 ,,pr(4 ,,rank9e1 #ce ,,pump+ ,,ma*9]y1 ,h4 ,,davey1 #cg ,,hydraulic ,,ma*9]y1 ,,pr(4 ,,rob9son1 #cg ,,gr9d+ ,,ma*9]y1 ,r4 ,b4 ,,hodgson1 #cc ,,lubrication ,,& ,,lubricants1 ,,ar*butt ,,deeley1 #cb ,,rules ,,& ,,tables1 ,,rank9e ,,& ,,jamieson1 #cf ,,bonus ,,tables1 ,h4 ,a4 ,,gold+1 #ca ,,electrical ,,pocket-,,book1 ,,munro ,,& ,,jamieson1 #dh ,,! ,,calculus ,,= ,,eng9e]s1 ,,pr(4 ,,robt4 ,h4 ,,smi?1 #de ,,measurem5t ,,conv]sions1 ,,pr(4 ,,robt4 ,h4 ,,smi?1 #de ,,*emi/ry ,,= ,,eng9e]s1 ,,bl\nt ,,bloxam1 #df 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,revis$1 ) ,num]\s ,diagrams1 ,examples1 & ,tables1 & a ,*apt] on ,f\ndations4 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,clo?4 #afs4 ,,! ,,design ,,( ,,/ructures3 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,build+ ( ,bridges1 ,ro(s1 c4 by ,s4 ,,angl91 ,c4 ,e41 ,ma/] ( ,eng9e]+1 ,royal ,univ]sity ( ,irel&1 late ,:itwor? ,s*ol>1 c4 8,we c unhesitat+ly recomm5d ?is "w n only to ! ,/ud5t1 z ! be/ ,text-book on ! subject1 b also to ! pr(essional eng9e] z an ,,exce$+ly ,,valuable book ( ref]5ce40--,me*anical ,_w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ird ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$4 ,royal #hvo4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & #ac ,li?ographic ,plates4 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,price #cjs4 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,bridge-,,con/ruction3 ,be+ a ,text-book on ! ,con/ruction ( ,bridges 9 ,iron & ,/eel4 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,/ud5ts1 ,,draughtsm51 ,,& ,,eng9e]s4 ,,by ,t4 ,,claxton ,,fidl]1 ,m4 ,,in/4 ,c4 ,e41 ,pr(4 ( ,eng9e]+1 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,dundee4 8,! new edition ( ,mr4 ,fidl]'s "w w aga9 occupy ! same ,,conspicu\s ,,position among pr(essional text-books & treatises z has be5 accord$ to its pr$ecessors4 ,,s\nd1 ,,simple1 ,,& ,,full40--,! ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,pp4 i-xv #bdh1 ) ov] #ajj ,illu/rations4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,con/ructional ,,/eelwork3 ,be+ ,notes on ! ,practical ,aspect & ! ,pr9ciples ( ,design1 ,toge!r ,) an ,acc\nt ( ! ,pres5t ,me?ods & ,tools ( ,manufacture4 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,,f>nswor?1 ,associate ,memb] ( ! ,in/itute ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s4 8,a wor?y volume1 :i* w be f\nd ( mu* assi/ance4444 ,a book ( p>ticul> value40--,practical ,eng9e]4 8,w be f\nd ( value to all ,ar*itects & ,eng9e]s engag$ 9 /eelwork con/ruction40--,build+ ,news4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?1 ,gilt1 ,uni=m ) ,/ability ( ,%ips & ,/eel ,%ips 7p4 #ch74 ,) #cd ,fold+ ,plates & #dfh ,illu/rations 9 ! ,text4 #cjs4 net4 ,! ,pr9ciples & ,practice ( ,,dock ,,eng9e]+4 ,by ,,brysson ,,cunn+ham1 ,b4 ,f41 ,,assoc4 ,m4 ,,in/4 ,c4 ,e41 ,( ! ,eng9e]s' ,dep>tm5t1 ,m]sey ,docks & ,h>b\r ,bo>d4 ,,g5]al ,,cont5ts4 ,hi/orical & ,discursive4--,dock ,design4--,con/ructive ,appliances4--,mat]ials4--,dock & ,quay ,walls4--,entrance ,passages & ,locks4--,jetties1 ,:>ves1 & ,pi]s4--,dock ,gates & ,caissons4--,transit ,%$s & ,w>eh\ses4--,dock ,bridges4--,grav+ & ,repair+ ,docks4--,work+ ,equipm5t ( ,docks4--,,index4 8,we h nev] se5 a m pr(usely-illu/rat$ treatise4 ,x is a mo/ important /&>d "w1 & %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( all dock & h>b\r eng9e]s40--,/eam%ip4 8,w be ( ! greate/ s]vice to ! exp]t z a book ( ref]5ce40--,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,9 ,two ,p>ts1 ,publi%$ ,sep>ately4 ,a ,,text-,,book ,,( ,eng9e]+ ,draw+ & ,design4 ,,vol4 ,i4--,practical ,geometry1 ,plane & ,solid4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,vol4,,ii4--,ma*9e & ,eng9e ,draw+ & ,design4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,by ,,sidney ,h4 ,,wells1 ,,:4 ,,sc41 ,a4,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,a4,m4,i4,,me*4,e41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,batt]sea ,polyte*nic ,in/itute1 c4 ,) _m ,illu/rations1 specially prep>$ = ! ,"w1 & num]\s ,examples1 = ! ,use ( ,/ud5ts 9 ,te*nical ,s*ools & ,colleges4 8,a ,,capital ,,text-,,book1 arrang$ on an ,,excell5t ,,sy/em1 calculat$ to give an intellig5t grasp ( ! subject1 & n ! m]e faculty ( me*anical copy+4444 ,mr4 ,wells %[s h[ to make ,,complete ,,work+-,,draw+s1 discuss+ fully ea* /ep 9 ! design40--,electrical ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) #bja ,illu/rations4 #fs4 net4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,design ,,( ,,beams1 ,,gird]s1 ,,& ,,columns ,,9 ,,ma*9es ,,& ,,/ructures4 ,) ,examples 9 ,graphic ,/atics4 ,by ,,william ,h4 ,,a!rton1 ,m4,,sc41 ,m4,i4,,me*4,e4 8,a v useful s\rce ( in=mation4444 ,a "w :i* we comm5d v highly 444 ! :ole be+ illu/rat$ by a l>ge collection ( v well *os5 examples40--,nature4 8,!re %\ld be a /rong dem& = ?is concise treatise40 --,page's ,weekly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ne>ly ,ready4 ,9 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) #beb ,illu/rations4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,! ,,/eam ,,turb9e4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,hi/ory1 ,developm5t1 & ,pr9ciples ( ,con/ruction ( ! ,/eam ,turb9e4 ,by ,,alex&] ,,jude4 ,cont5ts4--,! ,!ory ( ! ,/eam ,turb9e4--,hi/orical ,notes on ,turb9es4--,! ,velocity ( ,/eam4--,types ( ,/eam ,turb9es4-- ,practical ,turb9es4--,! ,effici5cy ( ,l>ge ,turb9es4--,! ,trajectory ( ! ,/eam4--,effici5cy ( ,turb9es4--,turb9e ,vanes4 --,disc ,friction 9 ,turb9es4--,specific ,heat ( ,sup]heat$ ,/eam4-- ,gov]n+ ,/eam ,turb9es4--,/eam ,consumption ( ,turb9es4--,! ,:irl+ ( ,%afts4--,bibliography4--,,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,works by ,,bryan ,,donk91 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,m4,in/4,me*4,e41 c4 ,,n[ ,,ready4 ,,f\r? ,,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,) additional ,illu/rations4 ,l>ge #hvo1 ,h&some ,clo?4 #bes4 net4 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,gas1 ,,oil1 ,,& ,,air ,,eng9es4 ,by ,,bryan ,,donk91 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,m4,in/4,me*4,e4 ,cont5ts4--,"p ,i4--,gas ,eng9es3 ,g5]al ,description ( ,action & ,p>ts4--,heat ,cycles & ,classification ( ,gas ,eng9es4--,hi/ory ( ! ,gas ,eng9e4--,! ,atk9son1 ,griff91 & ,/ockport ,eng9es4--,! ,otto ,gas ,eng9e4--,mod]n ,briti% ,gas ,eng9es4--,mod]n ,fr5* ,gas ,eng9es4--,g]man ,gas ,eng9es4--,gas ,production = ,motive ,p[]4 --,utilisation ( ,bla/-furnace & ,coke-ov5 ,gases = ,p[]4--,! ,!ory ( ! ,gas ,eng9e4--,*emical ,composition ( ,gas 9 an ,eng9e ,cyl9d]4--,utilisation ( ,heat 9 a ,gas ,eng9e4--,explosion & ,combu/ion 9 a ,gas ,eng9e4--,,"p ,,ii4--,,petroleum ,,eng9es3 ,! ,discov]y1 ,utilisation1 & ,prop]ties ( ,oil4--,me?od ( ,treat+ ,oil4--,c>burators4--,e>ly ,oil ,eng9es4--,practical ,application ( ,gas & ,oil ,eng9es4--,,"p ,,iii4--,,air ,,eng9es4--,,app5dices4--,,index4 8,! be/ book n[ publi%$ on ,gas1 ,oil1 & ,air ,eng9es40 --,eng9e]4 8,a ?or\ghly reliable & exhau/ive treatise40--,eng9e]+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,qu>to1 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) ,num]\s ,plates4 #bes4 ,,! ,,heat ,,effici5cy ,,( ,,/eam ,,boil]s 7,,l&1 ,,m>9e1 ,,& ,,locomotive74 ,) _m ,te/s & ,exp]im5ts on diff]5t ,types ( ,boil]s1 z to ! ,heat+ ,value ( ,fuels1 c41 ) ,analyses ( ,gases & ,am\nt ( ,evaporation1 & ,sugge/ions = ! ,te/+ ( ,boil]s4 ,by ,,bryan ,,donk91 ,m4,in/4,c4,e4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,classification ( ,diff]5t ,types ( ,boil]s4 --#dbe ,exp]im5ts on ,engli% & ,=eign ,boil]s ) _! ,heat ,effici5cies %[n 9 ,fifty ,tables4--,fire ,grates ( ,v>i\s ,types4 --,me*anical ,/ok]s4--,combu/ion ( ,fuel 9 ,boil]s4--,transmission ( ,heat ?r\gh ,boil] ,plates1 & _! ,temp]ature4--,fe$ ,wat] ,heat]s1 ,sup]heat]s1 ,fe$ ,pumps1 c4--,smoke & its ,prev5tion4 --,in/rum5ts us$ 9 ,te/+ ,boil]s4--,m>9e & ,locomotive ,boil]s4--,fuel ,te/+ ,/ations4--,discussion ( ! ,trials & ,conclusions4--,on ! ,*oice ( a ,boil]1 & ,te/+ ( ,l&1 ,m>9e1 & ,locomotive ,boil]s4--,app5dices4--,bibliography4--, index4 ,) ,plates illu/rat+ ,progress made dur+ rec5t ye>s1 & ! be/ ,mod]n ,practice4 8,probably ! ,,mo/ ,,exhau/ive resum t has ev] be5 collect$4 ,a ,,practical ,,book by a ?or\ghly practical man40--,iron & ,coal ,trades ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,pocket-,size1 ,lea!r1 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,boil]s1 ,,m>9e ,,& ,,l&3 ,,_! ,,con/ruction ,,& ,,/r5g?4 ,a ,h&book ( ,rules1 ,=mul1 ,tables1 ,c1 ,relative to ,mat]ial1 ,scantl+s1 & ,pressures1 ,safety ,valves1 ,spr+s1 ,fitt+s & ,m\nt+s1 c4 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,eng9e]s1 ,,surveyors1 ,,boil]-,,mak]s1 ,,& ,,/eam ,,us]s4 ,by ,t4 ,w4 ,,traill1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 ,f4,e4,r4,n41 ,late ,eng9e] ,surveyor-9-,*ief to ! ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,& ,,?ird ,,editions ,,_m ,,new ,,tables = ,pressure1 up to #bjj ,,lbs4 p] ,,squ>e ,,in* h be5 add$4 8,,! ,,mo/ ,,valuable ,,"w on ,boil]s publi%$ 9 ,engl&40 --,%ipp+ ,_w4 8,conta9s an ,enorm\s ,quantity ( ,in=mation ,arrang$ 9 a ,v ,conv5i5t ,=m4 a ,mo/ ,useful ,volume 444 ,supply+ ,in=mation to ,be ,_h ,n[h]e ,else40--! ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fif? ,,edition4 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 #fs4 net4 ,,eng9e-,,room ,,practice3 ,a ,h&book = ,eng9e]s & ,(fic]s 9 ! ,royal ,navy & ,m]cantile ,m>9e1 ,includ+ ! ,managem5t ( ! ,ma9 & ,auxili>y ,eng9es on ,bo>d ,%ip4 ,by ,,john ,g4 ,,liv]sidge1 ,a4,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,comm&] ,eng9e]1 ,malta4 ,cont5ts4--,g5]al ,description ( ,m>9e ,ma*9]y4--,! ,conditions ( ,s]vice & ,duties ( ,eng9e]s ( ! ,royal ,navy4 --,entry & ,conditions ( ,s]vice ( ,eng9e]s ( ! ,lead+ ,s4,s4 ,companies4--,rais+ ,/eam4--,duties ( a ,/eam+ ,wat* on ,eng9es & ,boil]s4--,%utt+ (f ,/eam4--,h>b\r ,duties & ,wat*es4--,adju/m5ts & ,repairs ( ,eng9eslic ,ma*9]y4 --,air-,compress+ ,pumps4--,refrig]at+ ,ma*9es4--,ma*9]y ( ,de/roy]s4--,?4--,pres]vation & ,repairs ( 8,tank0 ,boil]s4--,! ,hull & its ,fitt+s4--,clean+ & ,pa9t+ ,ma*9]y4-- ,reciprocat+ ,pumps1 ,fe$ ,heat]s1 & ,automation ,fe$-,wat] ,regulators4--,evaporators4--,/eam ,boats4--,electric ,light ,ma*9]y4 --,hydraulic ,ma*9]y4--,air ,compress+ ,pumps4--,refrig]at+ ,ma*9es4--,! ,ma*9]y ( ,de/roy]s--,! ,managem5t ( ,wat]-,tubs ,boil]s4--,regulations = ,entry ( ,assi/ant ,eng9e]s1 ,r4,n4-- ,que/ions giv5 9 ,exam9ations = ,promotion ( ,eng9e]s1 ,r4,n4-- ,regulations respect+ ,bo>d ( ,trade ,exam9ations = ,eng9e]s1 c 8,! cont5ts ,,_c ,,fail ,,to ,,be ,,appreciat$40--,! ,/eam%ip4 8,?is ,,v ,,useful ,,book4444 ,illu/rations are ( ,,great ,,importance 9 a "w ( ?is k9d1 & x is satisfactory to f9d t ,,special ,,att5tion has be5 giv5 9 ?is respect40--,eng9e]s' ,gazette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 #es4 net4 ,,oil ,,fuel3 ,,its ,,supply1 ,,composition1 ,,& ,,application4 ,,by ,,sidney ,h4 ,,nor?1 ,,late ,,editor ,,( ,,! 8,,petroleum ,,review40 ,cont5ts4--,! ,s\rces ( ,supply4--,economic ,aspect ( ,liquid ,fuel4-- ,*emical ,composition ( ,fuel ,oils4--,conditions ( ,combu/ion 9 ,oil ,fuel ,furnaces4--,e>ly ,me?ods & ,exp]im5ts4--,mod]n ,burn]s & ,me?ods4--,oil ,fuel = ,m>9e ,purposes4--,= ,naval ,purposes4--,on ,locomotives4--,= ,metallurgical & o!r ,purposes4--,app5dices4 --,index4 8,ev]yone int]e/$ 9 ?is important "q w welcome ,mr4 ,nor?'s excell5t text-book40--,nature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,) num]\s ,plates r$uc$ f ,work+ ,draw+s & #bhj ,illu/rations 9 ! ,text4 #bas4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,locomotive ,,eng9e]+3 ,a ,practical ,text-,book = ! ,use ( ,eng9e ,build]s1 ,design]s & ,draughtsm51 ,railway ,eng9e]s1 & ,/ud5ts4 ,by ,,william ,,frank ,,pettigrew1 ,m4,in/4,c4,e4 ,) a ,section on ,am]ican & ,cont95tal ,eng9es4 ,by ,,alb]t ,f4 ,,rav5%e>1 ,b4,sc41 ,( ,8 ,maje/y's ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,cont5ts4--,hi/orical ,introduction1 #agfc-ahfc4--,mod]n ,locomotives3 ,simple4--,mod]n ,locomotives3 ,comp\nd4--,prim>y ,consid]ation 9 ,locomotive ,design4--,cyl9d]s1 ,/eam ,*e/s1 & ,/uff+ ,boxes4--,pi/ons1 ,pi/on ,rods1 ,cros%eads1 & ,slide ,b>s4 --,connect+ & ,c\pl+ ,rods4--,:eels & ,axles1 ,axle ,boxes1 ,hornblocks1 & ,be>+ ,spr+s4--,balanc+4--,valve ,ge>4--,slide ,valves & ,valve ,ge> ,details4--,fram+1 ,bogies & ,axle ,tracks1 ,radial ,axle ,boxes4--,boil]s4--,smokebox1 ,bla/ ,pipe1 ,firebox ,fitt+s4--,boil] ,m\nt+s4--,t5d]s4--,railway ,brakes4-- ,lubrication4--,consumption ( ,fuel1 ,evaporation & ,eng9e ,effici5cy4--,am]ican ,locomotives4--,cont95tal ,locomotives4-- ,repairs1 ,runn+1 ,inspection1 & ,r5ewals4--,?ree ,app5dices4-- ,index4 8,! "w ,,conta9s ,,all ,,t ,,c ,,be ,,le>nt f a book ^u su* a subject4 ,x w at once rank z ,,! ,,/&>d ,,"w ,,^u ,,?is ,,important ,,subject40--,railway ,magaz9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,at ,,press4 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,,locomotive ,,comp\nd+ ,,& ,,sup]heat+4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,,gairns4 ,,cont5ts4--,introductory4--,comp\nd+ & ,sup]heat+ = ,locomotives4--,a ,classification ( ,comp\nd ,sy/ems = --,! ,hi/ory & ,developm5t ( ! ,comp\nd ,locomotives4 ,locomotive4--,two-,cyl9d] ,non-,automatic ,sy/ems4--,two-,cyl9d] ,automatic ,sy/ems4--,o!r ,two-,cyl9d] ,sy/ems4--,?ree-,cyl9d] ,sy/ems4--,f\r-,cyl9d] ,t&em ,sy/ems4--,f\r-,cyl9d] ,two-,crank ,sy/ems 7o!r ?an ,t&em74--,f\r-,cyl9d] ,balanc$ ,sy/ems4--,f\r-,cyl9d] ,divid$ & ,balanc$ ,sy/ems4--,articulat$ ,comp\nd ,eng9es4--,triple-,expansion ,locomotives4--,comp\nd ,rack ,locomotives4--,conclud+ ,rem>ks ,conc]n+ ,comp\nd ,locomotives4 --,! ,use ( ,sup]heat$ ,/eam = ,locomotives4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) ,plates & ,illu/rations4 #afs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,light ,,railways ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad4 ,by ,,william ,,h5ry ,,cole1 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,late ,deputy-,manag]1 ,nor?-,we/]n ,railway1 ,india4 ,cont5ts4--,discussion ( ! ,t]m 8,light ,railways40--,engli% ,railways1 ,rates1 & ,f>m]s4--,light ,railways 9 ,belgium1 ,france1 ,italy1 o!r ,european ,c\ntries1 ,am]ica & ! ,colonies1 ,india1 ,irel&4--,road ,transport z an alt]native4--,! ,light ,railways ,act1 #ahif4--,! ,"q ( ,gauge4--,con/ruction & ,work+4-- ,locomotives & ,roll+-,/ock4--,light ,railways 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,wales4--,app5dices & ,index4 8,w rema91 = "s "t yet a ,/&>d ,"w 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to ,light ,railways40--,eng9e]4 8,! :ole subject is ,,exhau/ively & ,,practically consid]$4 ,! "w c be cordially recomm5d$ z ,,indisp5sable to ^? ^: duty x is to become acqua9t$ ) "o ( ! prime necessities ( ! imm$iate future40--,railway ,(ficial ,gazette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$ & ,greatly ,enl>g$4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,valves ,,& ,,valve-,,ge>+3 ,a ,,practical ,,text-,,book ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,eng9e]s1 ,,draughtsm51 ,,& ,,/ud5ts4 ,by ,,*>les ,,hur/1 ,practical ,draughtsman4 ,,"p ,i4--,/eam ,eng9e ,valves4 ,,"p ,,ii4--,gas ,eng9e ,valves & ,ge>s4 ,,"p ,,iii4--,air ,compressor ,valves & ,ge>+4 ,,"p ,,iv4--,pump ,valves4 8,mr4 ,hur/'s ,,valves & ,,valve-,,ge>+ w prove a v valuable aid1 & t5d to ! production ( ,eng9es ( ,,sci5tific ,,design & ,,economical work+4444 ,w be l>gely s\ght aft] by ,/ud5ts & ,design]s40--,m>9e ,eng9e]4 8,almo/ ,,e ,,type ( ,,valve & its ge>+ is cle>ly set =?1 & illu/rat$ 9 su* a way z to be ,,readily ,,und]/ood & ,,practically ,,appli$ by ei!r ! ,eng9e]1 ,draughtsman1 or ,/ud5t4444 ,%\ld prove bo? ,,useful & ,,valuable to all ,eng9e]s seek+ = ,,reliable & ,,cle> ,in=mation on ! subject4 ,its mod]ate price br+s x )9 ! rea* ( all40--,indu/ries & ,iron4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,/eam ,,eng9e ,,design ,,& ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,,*>les ,,hur/1 8,au?or ( ,valves & ,valve ,ge>+40 ,,second ,,edition1 ,revis$4 ,9 ,pap] ,bo>ds1 #hvo41 ,clo? ,back4 ,illu/rat$4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,cont5ts4--,i4 ,/eam ,pipes4--,,ii4 ,valves4--,,iii4 ,cyl9d]s4--,,iv4 ,pumps & ,cond5s]s4--,v4 ,motion ,"w4--,,vi4 ,crank ,%afts & ,air ,p$e/als4--,,vii4 ,valve ,ge>4--,,viii4 ,lubrication4--,,ix4 ,miscellane\s ,details4--,index4 8,a h&y volume :i* e practical "y eng9e] %\ld possess40 --,! ,model ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/rongly ,b\nd 9 ,sup] ,royal #hvo4 ,clo? ,bo>ds4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,bonus ,,tables3 ,= ,calculat+ ,wages on ! ,bonus ,or ,premium ,sy/ems4 ,= ,eng9e]+1 ,te*nical & ,alli$ ,trades4 ,by ,,h5ry ,a4 ,,gold+1 ,a4,m4,in/4,m4,e41 ,te*nical ,assi/ant to ,messrs4 ,bryan ,donk9 & ,cl5*1 ,ltd41 & ,assi/ant ,lectur] 9 ,me*anical ,eng9e]+ at ! ,nor?ampton ,in/itute1 ,london1 ,e4,c4 8,_c fail to prove practically s]viceable to ^? = :om !y h be5 design$40--,scotsman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,second ,edition1 ,clo?1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,lea!r1 = ! ,pocket1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,griff9',s ,,electrical ,,price-,,book3 ,= ,electrical1 ,civil1 ,m>9e1 & ,bor\gh ,eng9e]s1 ,local ,au?orities1 ,ar*itects1 ,railway ,contractors1 c41 c4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,j4 ,d[s+4 8,! ,electrical ,price-book ,,removes ,,all ,,my/]y ab\t ! co/ ( ,electrical ,p[]4 ,by its aid ! ,,exp5se t w be entail$ by utilis+ electricity on a l>ge or small scale c be discov]$40 --,ar*itect4 ,by ,,william ,,ni*olson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,smoke ,,abatem5t4 7,see page #gf47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,%ortly4 ,second ,edition4 ,l>ge #hvo1 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) ,illu/rations1 ,tables1 c4 ,,lubrication ,,lubricants3 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,lubrication ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,nature1 ,,prop]ties1 ,,& ,,te/+ ,,( ,,lubricants4 ,by ,,leon>d ,,ar*butt1 ,f4 ,i4 ,c41 ,f4 ,c4 ,s41 ,*emi/ to ! ,midl& ,railway ,company1 ,,& ,r4 ,,m\nt=d ,,deeley1 ,m4,i4,me*4,e41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,*ief ,locomotive ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,midl& ,railway ,company4 ,cont5ts4--,i4 ,friction ( ,solids4--,,ii4 ,liquid ,friction or ,viscosity1 & ,pla/ic ,friction4--,,iii4 ,sup]ficial ,t5sion4--,,iv4 ,! ,!ory ( ,lubrication4--,v4 ,lubricants1 _! ,s\rces1 ,prep>ation1 & ,prop]ties4--,,vi4 ,physical ,prop]ties & ,me?ods ( ,exam9ation ( ,lubricants4--,,vii4 ,*emical ,prop]ties & ,me?ods ( ,exam9ation ( ,lubricants4--,,viii4 ,! ,sy/ematic ,te/+ ( ,lubricants by ,physical & ,*emical ,me?ods4--,,ix4 ,! ,me*anical ,te/+ ( ,lubricants4 --,x4 ,! ,design & ,lubrication ( ,be>+s4--,,xi4 ,! ,lubrication ( ,ma*9]y4--,index4 8,de/9$ to become a ,,classic on ! subject40--,indu/ries & ,iron4 8,conta9s practically ,,all ,,t ,,is ,,kn[n on ! subject4 ,des]ves ! c>eful att5tion ( all ,eng9e]s40--,railway ,(ficial ,guide4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,v fully ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,/eam-,,boil]s3 ,,_! ,,defects1 ,,managem5t1 ,,& ,,con/ruction4 ,by ,r4 ,d4 ,,munro1 ,*ief ,eng9e] ( ! ,scotti% ,boil] ,insurance & ,eng9e ,inspection ,company4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--i4 ,explosions caus$ 7#a7 by ,ov]heat+ ( ,plates --7#b7 ,by ,defective & ,ov]load$ ,safety ,valves--7#c7 ,by ,corrosion1 ,int]nal or ,ext]nal--7#d7 ,by ,defective ,design & ,con/ruction 7,unsupport$ ,flue ,tubes2 ,un/r5g!n$ ,manholes2 ,defective ,/ay+2 ,/r5g? ( ,rivett$ ,jo9ts2 ,factor ( ,safety7--,,ii4 ,con/ruction ,( ,v]tical ,boil]s3 ,%ells--,cr[n ,plates & ,uptake ,tubes--,man-,holes1 ,mud-,holes1 & ,fire-,holes--,fireboxes--,m\nt+s--,mana gem5t-- ,clean+s--,table ( ,bur/+ ,pressures ( ,/eel ,boil]s--,table ( ,rivett$ ,jo9ts--,specifications & ,draw+s ( ,lanca%ire ,boil] = ,work+ ,pressures 7a7 #hj lbs42 7b7 #bjj lbs4 p] squ>e in* respectively4 8,a valuable companion = workm5 & eng9e]s engag$ ab\t ,/eam ,boil]s1 ought to be c>efully /udi$1 & ,,always ,,at ,,h&40 --,coll4 ,gu>dian4 8,! book is ,,v ,,useful1 especially to /eam us]s1 artisans1 & "y ,eng9e]s40--,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,,kit*5 ,,boil] ,,explosions3 ,:y !y ,occur1 & ,h[ to ,prev5t _! ,occurr5ce4 ,a ,practical ,h&book bas$ on ,actual ,exp]im5t4 ,) ,diagram & ,col\r$ ,plate4 ,price #cs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 #es4 net4 ,,em]y ,,gr9d+ ,,ma*9]y4 ,a ,text-,book ( ,work%op ,practice 9 ,g5]al ,tool ,gr9d+1 & ! ,design1 ,con/ruction1 & ,application ( ! ,ma*9es ,employ$4 ,by ,r4 ,b4 ,,hodgson1 ,a4,m4,in/4me*4,e4 ,introduction4--,tool ,gr9d+4--,em]y ,:eels4--,m\nt+ ,em]y ,:eels4--,em]y ,r+s & ,cyl9d]s4--,conditions to ,ensure ,effici5t ,work+4--,lead+ ,types ( ,ma*9es4--,concave & ,convex ,gr9d+4 --,cup & ,cone ,ma*9es4--,multiple ,gr9d+4--8,gue/0 ,univ]sal & ,cutt] ,gr9d+ ,ma*9es4--,w>d ,univ]sal ,cutt] ,gr9d]4--,press4 --,tool ,gr9d+4--,la! ,c5tre ,gr9d]4--,poli%+4--,index4 8,em95tly practical 444 _c fail to attract ! notice ( ! us]s ( ?is class ( ma*9]y1 & to meet ) c>eful p]usal40--,*em4 ,trade ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,9 ,,?ree ,,p>ts4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,v ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,,motor-,,c> ,,me*anism ,,& ,,managem5t4 ,by ,w4 ,,poynt] ,,adams1 ,m4,,in/4,e4,e4 ,,9 ,,?ree ,,p>ts4 ,"p ,i4--,! ,petrol ,c>4 ,"p ,,ii4--,! ,electrical ,c>4 ,"p ,,iii4--,! ,/eam ,c>4 ,,"p ,i4--,,! ,,petrol ,,c>4 #es4 net4 ,cont5ts4--,section ,i4--,! ,me*anism ( ! ,petrol ,c>4--,! ,eng9e4--,! ,eng9e ,accessories4--,electrical ,ignition & ,accessories4--,multiple ,cyl9d] ,eng9es4--,! ,petrol4--,! ,*assis & ,driv+ ,ge>4--,section ,,ii4--,! ,managem5t ( ! ,petrol ,c>4 --,! ,eng9e4--,! ,eng9e ,accessories4--,electrical ,ignition4--,! ,*assis & ,driv+ ,ge>4--,g5]al ,managem5t4--,gloss>y4--index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,six? ,edition4 ,folio1 /rongly half-b\nd1 #bas4 ,,trav]se ,,tables3 ,comput$ to ,f\r ,places ( ,decimals = e ,m9ute ( ,angle up to #ajj ( ,di/ance4 ,= ! ,use ( ,surveyors & ,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,lloyd ,,gurd51 ,au?oris$ ,surveyor = ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,victoria4 ,publi%$ ) ! ,concurr5ce ( ! ,surveyors-,g5]al = ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,victoria4 8,^? :o h exp]i5ce 9 exact ,survey-"w w be/ "k h[ to appreciate ! enorm\s am\nt ( lab\r repres5t$ by ?is valuable book4 ,! computations enable ! us] to asc]ta9 ! s9es & cos9es = a di/ance ( twelve miles to )9 half an in*1 & ?is ,,by ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,b ,,"o ,,table1 9 place ( ! usual ,fifte5 m9ute computations requir$4 ,?is alone is evid5ce ( ! assi/ance :i* ! ,tables ensure to e us]1 & z e ,surveyor 9 active practice has felt ! want ( su* assi/ance4 ,,few ,,kn[+ ,,( ,,_! ,,publication ,,w ,,rema9 ,,)\t ,,!m40--,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,works ,,by ,,&rew ,,jamieson1 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,e4,e41 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,=m]ly ,pr(essor ( ,electrical ,eng9e]+1 ,! ,glasg[ & ,we/ ( ,scotl& ,te*nical ,college4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr(essor ,,jamieson',s ,,advanc$ ,,text-,,books4 ,9 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,,/eam ,,& ,,/eam-,,eng9es1 ,,includ+ ,,turb9es ,,& ,,boil]s4 ,= ! ,use ( ,/ud5ts prep>+ = ,competitive ,exam9ations4 ,) ov] #hjj pp41 ov] #djj ,illu/rations1 #aa ,special ,plates1 & #ijj ,exam9ation ,que/ions4 ,fifte5? ,edition4 ,revis$ ?r\gh\t4 #ajs4 #f;d4 8,pr(essor ,jamieson fasc9ates ! read] by 8 ,,cle>ness ,,( ,,conception ,,& ,,simplicity ,,( ,,expression4 ,8 treatm5t recalls ! lectur+ ( ,f>aday40--,a!num4 8,! ,,be/ ,,book yet publi%$ = ! use ( ,/ud5ts40--,eng9e]4 ,,appli$ ,,me*anics ,,me*anical ,,eng9e]+4 ,vol4 ,i4--,compris+ ,"p ,i41 ) #efh pages1 #cjj ,illu/rations1 & #edj ,exam9ation ,que/ions3 ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,"w & its applications2 ,"p ,,ii43 ,friction2 ,ge>+1 c4 ,,fif? ,,edition4 #hs4 #f;d4 8,fully ,,ma9ta9s ! reputation ( ! ,au?or40--,pract4 ,eng9e]4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--,compris+ ,p>ts ,,iii4 to ,,vi41 ) #ghb pages1 #cga ,illu/rations1 & copi\s ,exam9ation ,que/ions3 ,motion & ,en]gy2 ,graphic ,/atics2 ,/r5g? ( ,mat]ials2 ,hydraulics & ,hydraulic ,ma*9]y4 ,,f\r? ,,edition4 #abs4 #f;d4 8,well ,,& ,,lucidly ,,writt540--,! ,eng9e]4 ,ea* ( ! above volumes is complete 9 itself1 & sold sep>ately4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr(essor ,,jamieson',s ,,introductory ,,manuals ,cr[n #hvo4 ,) ,illu/rations & ,exam9ation ,pap]s4 ,,/eam ,,& ,,! ,,/eam-,,eng9e 7,elem5t>y ,manual (74 ,= ,fir/-,ye> ,/ud5ts4 ,elev5? ,edition1 ,revis$4 #c_/f4 8,%\ld be 9 ! h&s ( ,,e eng9e]+ appr5tice40 --,practical ,eng9e]4 ,,magnetism ,,& ,,electricity 7,elem5t>y ,manual (74 ,= ,fir/-,ye> ,/ud5ts4 ,sev5? ,edition4 #c_/f4 8,a ,,capital ,,text-,,book4444 ,! diagrams are an important feature40 --,s*oolma/]4 8,a ,,?or\ghly ,,tru/wor?y ,text-book4 ,practical & cle>40 --,nature4 ,,appli$ ,,me*anics 7,elem5t>y ,manual (74 ,specially arrang$ = ,fir/-,ye> ,/ud5ts4 ,sev5? ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,greatly ,enl>g$4 #c_/f4 8,! "w has ,,v ,,high ,,qualities1 :i* may be cond5s$ into ! "o ^w #8,,cle>4'0--,sci5ce & ,art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,pocket-,,book ( ,,electrical ,,rules & ,,tables4 ,= ! ,use ( ,electricians & ,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,john ,,munro1 ,c4,e41 & ,pr(4 ,,jamieson4 ,pocket ,size4 ,lea!r1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,sev5te5? ,,edition4 ,see p4 #dh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,works ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,macquorn ,,rank9e1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,late ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,civil ,eng9e]+ 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[4 ,,?or\ghly ,,revis$ ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,mill>1 ,c4,e41 ,late ,secret>y to ! ,in/itute ( ,eng9e]s & ,%ipbuild]s 9 ,scotl&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,appli$ ,,me*anics3 ,compris+ ! ,pr9ciples ( ,/atics & ,c9ematics1 & ,!ory ( ,/ructures1 ,me*anism1 & ,ma*9es4 ,) ,num]\s ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?4 ,,sev5te5? ,,edition4 #abs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,civil ,,eng9e]+3 ,compris+ ,eng9e]+ ,surveys1 ,e>?work1 ,f\ndations1 ,masonry1 ,c>p5try1 ,metal ,"w1 ,roads1 ,railways1 ,canals1 ,riv]s1 ,wat]works1 ,h>b\rs1 c4 ,) ,num]\s ,tables & ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 clo?4 ,,tw5ty-,,second ,,edition4 #afs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,ma*9]y ,,& ,,millwork3 ,compris+ ! ,geometry1 ,motions1 ,"w1 ,/r5g?1 ,con/ruction1 & ,objects ( ,ma*9es1 c4 ,illu/rat$ ) ne>ly #cjj ,woodcuts1 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?4 ,sev5? ,edition4 #abs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,! ,,/eam-,,eng9e ,,& ,,o!r ,,prime ,,mov]s3 ,) a ,section on ,gas1 ,oil1 & ,air ,eng9es1 by ,bryan ,donk91 ,m4,in/4,c4,e4 ,) ,fold+ ,plates & ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?4 ,sixte5? ,edition4 #abs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pr(4 ,,rank9e',s ,,works--7,cont9u$74 ,,useful ,,rules ,,& ,,tables3 ,= ,ar*itects1 ,build]s1 ,eng9e]s1 ,f\nd]s1 ,me*anics1 ,%ipbuild]s1 ,surveyors1 c4 ,) ,app5dix = ! use ( ,electrical ,eng9e]s4 ,by ,pr(essor ,jamieson1 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,sev5? ,edition4 #ajs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,me*anical ,,text-,,book3 ,a ,practical & ,simple ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,me*anics4 ,by ,pr(essor ,rank9e & ,e4 ,f4 ,bamb]1 ,c4,e4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?4 ,fif? ,edition4 #is4 ,! 8,me*anical ,text-book0 0 design$ by ,pr(essor ,rank9e z an ,introduction to ! above ,s]ies ( ,manuals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,miscellane\s ,,sci5tific ,,pap]s4 ,royal #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,"p ,i4 ,pap]s relat+ to ,temp]ature1 ,ela/icity1 & ,expansion ( ,vap\rs1 ,liquids1 & ,solids4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,pap]s on ,en]gy & its ,trans=mations4 ,"p ,,iii4 ,pap]s on ,wave-,=ms1 ,propulsion ( ,vessels1 c4 ,) ,memoir by ,pr(essor ,,tait1 ,m4,a4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,j4 ,mill>1 ,c4,e4 ,) f9e ,portrait on ,/eel1 ,plates1 & ,diagrams4 8,no m endur+ ,memorial ( ,pr(essor ,rank9e c\ld be devis$ ?an ! publication ( ^! pap]s 9 an accessible =m4444 ,! ,collection is mo/ valuable on acc\nt ( ! nature ( 8 discov]ies1 & ! beauty & complet5ess ( 8 analysis4444 ,! ,volume exce$s 9 importance any "w 9 ! same dep>tm5t publi%$ 9 our "t40--,ar*itect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ,w4 ,,v9c5t ,,%elton 7,=eman to ! ,imp]ial ,ottoman ,gun ,factories1 ,con/ant9ople73 ,,! ,,me*anic',s ,,guide3 ,a ,h&-,book = ,eng9e]s & ,artizans4 ,) ,copi\s ,tables & ,valuable ,recipes = ,practical ,use4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?1 #g_/f4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r& 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ird ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,) #fj ,plates & ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,h&some ,clo?4 #cds4 ,,hydraulic ,,p[] ,,& ,,hydraulic ,,ma*9]y4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,rob9son1 ,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,london2 ,,pr(4 ,,em]itus ,,( ,,civil ,,eng9e]+1 ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,cont5ts4--,dis*>ge ?r\gh ,orifices4--,fl[ ( ,wat] ?r\gh ,pipes4--,accumulators4--,presses & ,lifts4--,hoi/s4--,rams4--,hydraulic ,eng9es4--,pump+ ,eng9es4--,cap/ans4--,trav]s]s4--,jacks4 --,weigh+ ,ma*9es4--,rivet]s & ,%op ,tools4--,pun*+1 ,%e>+1 & ,flang+ ,ma*9es4--,cranes4--,coal ,dis*>g+ ,ma*9es4--,drills & ,cutt]s4--,pile ,driv]s1 ,excavators1 c4--,hydraulic ,ma*9]y appli$ to ,bridges1 ,dock ,gates1 ,:eels & ,turb9es4--,%ields4--,v>i\s ,sy/ems & ,p[] ,in/allations4--,met]s1 c4--,index4 8,! /&>d "w on ! application ( wat] p[]40--,cassi]'s ,magaz9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,second ,edition1 ,greatly ,enl>g$4 ,) ,frontispiece1 sev]al ,plates1 & ov] #bej ,illu/rations4 #bas4 net4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,pump+ ,,ma*9]y 7,,/eam ,,& ,,wat] ,,pressure74 ,) ,practical ,illu/rations ( ,eng9es & ,pumps appli$ to ,m9+1 ,t[n ,wat] ,supply1 ,dra9age ( ,l&s1 c41 also ,economy & ,effici5cy ,trials ( ,pump+ ,ma*9]y4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,davey1 ,memb] ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ,memb] ( ! ,in/itution ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s1 ,f4,g4,s41 c4 ,cont5ts--,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,pump+ ,eng9es--,/eam ,pump+ ,eng9es-- ,pumps & ,pump ,valves--,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,non-,rotative ,pump+ ,eng9es--,! ,corni% ,eng9e1 ,simple & ,comp\nd--,types ( ,m9+ ,eng9es--,pit ,"w--,%aft ,s9k+--,hydraulic ,transmission ( ,p[] 9 ,m9es--,electric ,transmission ( ,p[]--,valve ,ge>s ( ,pump+ ,eng9es--,wat] ,pressure ,pump+ ,eng9es--,wat] ,works ,eng9es-- ,pump+ ,eng9e ,economy & ,trials ( ,pump+ ,ma*9]y--,c5trifugal & o!r ,l[-,lift ,pumps--,hydraulic ,rams1 ,pump+ ,ma9s1 c4--,index4 8,by ! #8"o ,engli% ,eng9e] :o probably kn[s m ab\t ,pump+ ,ma*9]y ?an ,,any ,,o!r4' 444 ,a ,,volume ,,record+ ,,! ,,results ,,( ,,long ,,exp]i5ce ,,& ,,/udy40--,! ,eng9e]4 8,und\bt$ly ,,! ,,be/ ,,& ,,mo/ ,,practical ,,treatise on ,pump+ ,ma*9]y ,,t ,,has ,,yet ,,be5 ,,publi%$40--,m9+ ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,royal #hjj1 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,tables4 #bes4 ,,! ,,/ability ,,( ,,%ips4 ,,by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,j4 ,,re$1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,m4,p41 ,,knight ,,( ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,ord]s ,,( ,,/4 ,,/anilaus ,,( ,,russia2 ,,francis ,,joseph ,,( ,,au/ria2 ,,m$jidie ,,( ,,turkey2 ,,& ,,ris+ ,,sun ,,( ,,japan2 ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,naval ,,ar*itects4 8,sir ,edw>d ,re$'s #8,/ability ( ,%ips' is ,,invaluable4 ,! ,naval ,ar*itect w f9d br\ght toge!r & ready to 8 h&1 a mass ( in=mation :i* he w\ld o!rwise h to seek 9 an almo/ endless v>iety ( publications1 & "s ( :i* he w\ld possibly n be able to obta9 at all else:]e40--,/eam%ip4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,design ,,& ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,%ips4 ,by ,,john ,,h>v>d ,,biles1 ,m4,in/4,n4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,naval ,ar*itecture 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[4 ,9 ,prep>ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ird ,edition4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,plates1 ,num]\s ,diagrams1 & ,figures 9 ! ,text4 #ahs4 net4 ,,/eel ,,%ips3 ,,_! ,,con/ruction ,,& ,,ma9t5ance4 ,a ,manual = ,%ipbuild]s1 ,%ip ,sup]9t5d5ts1 ,/ud5ts1 & ,m>9e ,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,?omas ,,walton1 ,naval ,ar*itect1 ,au?or ( 8,"k ,y\r ,own ,%ip40 ,cont5ts4--,i4 ,manufacture ( ,ca/ ,iron1 ,wr\ght ,iron1 & ,/eel4-- ,composition ( ,iron & ,/eel1 ,quality1 ,/r5g?1 ,te/s1 c4 ,,ii4 ,classification ( ,/eel ,%ips4 ,,iii4 ,consid]ations 9 mak+ *oice ( ,type ( ,vessel4--,fram+ ( ,%ips4 ,,iv4 ,/ra9s exp]i5c$ by ,%ips4--,me?ods ( ,comput+ & ,comp>+ ,/r5g?s ( ,%ips4 ,v4 ,con/ruction ( ,%ips4--,alt]native ,modes ( ,con/ruction4--,types ( ,vessels4--,turret1 ,self ,trimm+1 & ,trunk ,/eam]s1 c4--,rivets & ,rivett+1 ,workman%ip4 ,,vi4 ,pump+ ,arrangem5ts4 ,,vii4 ,ma9t5ance4--,prev5tion ( ,det]ioration 9 ! ,hulls ( ,%ips4 --,cem5t1 ,pa9t1 c4--,index4 8,s ?or\gh & well writt5 is e *apt] 9 ! book t x is difficult to select any ( !m z be+ wor?y ( exceptional praise4 ,altoge!r1 ! "w is excell5t1 & w prove ( great value to ^? = :om x is int5d$40--,! ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,at ,,press4 ,9 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,v fully ,illu/rat$4 ,,pres5t-,,day ,,%ipbuild+4 ,= ,%ipy>d ,/ud5ts1 ,%ips' ,(fic]s1 & ,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,?os4 ,,walton1 ,au?or ( 8,"k ,y\r ,own ,%ip40 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,classification4--,mat]ials us$ 9 ,%ipbuild+4 --,alt]native ,modes ( ,con/ruction4--,details ( ,con/ruction4-- ,fram+1 ,plat+1 ,rivett+1 ,/em ,frames1 ,tw9-,screw ,arrangem5ts1 ,wat] ,balla/ ,arrangem5ts1 ,load+ & ,dis*>g+ ,ge>1 c4--,types ( ,vessels1 includ+ ,atlantic ,l9]s1 ,c>go ,/eam]s1 ,oil c>ry+ ,/eam]s1 ,turret & o!r ,self ,trimm+ ,/eam]s1 c4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies4 ,edit$ by ,,edw4 ,,blackmore1 ,ma/] ,m>9]1 ,fir/ ,class ,tr9ity ,h\se ,c]tificate1 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,n4,a42 ,& ,writt51 ,,ma9ly1 by ,sailors = ,sailors4 99 99 99 99 99 8,?is ,,admirable ,,s]ies40--,fairplay4 8,a ,,v ,,useful ,,s]ies40-- ,nature4 8,e ,%ip %\ld h ! ,,:ole ,,s]ies z a ,ref]5ce ,libr>y4 ,h&somely ,b\nd1 ,,cle>ly ,,pr9t$ & ,,illu/rat$40--,liv]pool ,j\rn4 ( ,comm]ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,briti% ,m]cantile ,m>9e3 ,an ,hi/orical ,sket* ( its ,rise & ,developm5t4 ,by ! ,editor1 ,capt4 ,blackmore4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,capta9 ,blackmore's ,,spl5did ,,book 444 conta9s p>agraphs on e po9t ( int]e/ to ! ,m]*ant m>9e4 ,! #bdc pages ( ?is book are ,,! ,,mo/ ,,valuable to ! sea capta9 t h ,,ev] be5 ,,compil$40--,m]*ant ,s]vice ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,elem5t>y ,seaman%ip4 ,by ,d4 ,wilson-b>k]1 ,ma/] ,m>9]1 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) num]\s ,plates1 two 9 ,col\rs1 & ,frontispiece4 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$4 ,) additional ,illu/rations4 #fs4 8,?is ,,admirable ,,manual1 by ,capt4 ,wilson ,b>k]1 ( ! #8,worce/]1' seems to u ,,p]fectly ,,design$40--,a!num4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,"k ,,y\r ,,own ,,%ip3 ,a ,simple ,explanation ( ! ,/ability1 ,con/ruction1 ,tonnage1 & ,freebo>d ( ,%ips4 ,by ,,?os4 ,,walton1 ,naval ,ar*itect4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & additional ,*apt]s on ,buoyancy1 ,trim1 & ,calculations4 ,,n9? ,,edition4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,,mr4 ,,walton',s book w be f\nd ,,v ,,useful40--,! ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,navigation3 ,!oretical & ,practical4 ,by ,d4 ,wilson-,b>k] & ,william ,all+ham4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,precisely ! k9d ( "w requir$ = ! ,new ,c]tificates ( compet5cy4 ,c&idates w f9d x ,,invaluable40--,dundee ,adv]tis]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m>9e ,meteorology3 ,= ,(fic]s ( ! ,m]*ant ,navy4 ,by ,,william ,,all+ham1 ,fir/ ,class ,hon\rs1 ,navigation1 ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t4 ,) ,illu/rations1 ,maps1 & ,diagrams1 & facsimile reproduction ( log page4 #gs4 #f;d4 8,q ! ,,be/ ,,publication on ?is subject40--,%ipp+ ,gazette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,latitude & ,longitude3 ,h[ to ,f9d ,!m4 ,by ,w4 ,j4 ,mill>1 ,c4,e4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 #bs4 8,_c b prove an acquisition to ^? /udy+ ,navigation40 --,m>9e ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,practical ,me*anics3 ,appli$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,sailor4 ,by ,?os4 ,mack5zie1 ,ma/] ,m>9]1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 #cs4 #f;d4 8,well ,wor? ! money 444 ,,exce$+ly ,,helpful40--,%ipp+ ,_w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,trigonometry3 ,= ! ,"y ,sailor1 c4 ,by ,ri*4 ,c4 ,buck1 ( ! ,?ames ,nautical ,tra9+ ,college1 ,h4,m4,s4 8,worce/]40 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 8,?is ,,em95tly ,,practical & reliable volume40--,s*oolma/]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,practical ,algebra4 ,by ,ri*4 ,c4 ,buck4 ,companion ,volume to ! above1 = ,sailors & o!rs4 ,,second ,,edition1 ,revis$4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 8,x is ,,j ,,! ,,book = ! "y sailor m9dful ( progress40--,nautical ,magaz9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,legal ,duties ( ,%ipma/]s4 ,by ,b5$ict ,wm4 ,g9sburg1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 ( ! ,inn] ,temple & ,nor!rn ,circuit3 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 ,second ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,price #ds4 #f;d4 8,invaluable to ma/]s4444 ,we c fully recomm5d x40 --,%ipp+ ,gazette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,m$ical & ,surgical ,help ,= ,%ipma/]s4 ,includ+ ,fir/ ,aid at ,sea4 ,by ,,wm4 ,,johnson ,,smi?1 ,f4,r4,c4,s41 ,pr9cipal ,m$ical ,(fic]1 ,seam5's ,hospital1 ,gre5wi*4 ,,?ird ,,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$4 #fs4 8,,s\nd1 ,,judici\s1 ,,really ,,helpful40--,! ,lancet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies4 ,introductory ,volume4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,briti% ,m]cantile ,m>9e4 ,,by ,,edw>d ,,blackmore1 ,,ma/] ,,m>9]2 ,,associate ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,naval ,,ar*itects2 ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,eng9e]s ,,& ,,%ipbuild]s ,,9 ,,scotl&2 ,,editor ,,( ,,griff9',s 8,,nautical ,,s]ies40 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,hi/orical3 ,f ,e>ly ,times to #adhf--,progress "u ,h5ry ,,viii4--,to ,dea? ( ,m>y--,dur+ ,elizabe?'s ,reign--,up to ! ,reign ( ,william ,,iii4--,! #ah? & #ai? ,c5turies--,in/itution ( ,exam9ations--,rise & ,progress ( ,/eam ,propulsion--,developm5t ( ,free ,trade--,%ipp+ ,legislation1 #ahfb to #ahge--8,locksley ,hall0 ,case--,%ipma/]s' ,societies--,load+ ( ,%ips--,%ipp+ ,legislation1 #ahhd to #ahid--,/ati/ics ( ,%ipp+4 ,! ,p]sonnel3 ,%ip[n]s--,(fic]s--,m>9]s--,duties & ,pres5t ,position4 ,education3 ,a ,seaman's ,education3 :at x %\ld be--,pres5t ,means ( ,education--,h9ts4 ,discipl9e & ,duty--,po/script--,! ,s]i\s ,decrease 9 ! ,numb] ( ,briti% ,seam51 a ,matt] dem&+ ! ,att5tion ( ! ,nation4 8,int]e/+ & ,in/ructive 444 may be read ,,) ,,pr(it & ,,enjoym5t40--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 8,e ,bran* ( ! subject is dealt ) 9 a way :i* %[s t ! writ] #8kn[s ! ropes' famili>ly40--,scotsman4 8,?is ,,admirable book 444 ,,teems ) useful in=mation--,%\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e ,sailor40--,we/]n ,morn+ ,news4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f\r? ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$4 ,) ,additional ,illu/rations4 ,price #fs4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,elem5t>y ,,seaman%ip4 ,,by ,d4 ,,wilson-,,b>k]1 ,ma/] ,m>9]2 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 c41 c4 ,,y\ng] ,,bro!r ,,( ,,! ,,tr9ity ,,h\se4 ,) ,frontispiece1 ,num]\s ,plates 7,two 9 ,col\rs71 & ,illu/rations 9 ! ,text4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,! ,build+ ( a ,%ip2 ,p>ts ( ,hull1 ,ma/s1 c4 --,ropes1 ,knots1 ,splic+1 c4--,ge>1 ,lead & ,log1 c4--,rigg+1 ,an*ors--,sailmak+--,! ,sails1 c4--,h&l+ ( ,boats "u ,sail --,signals & ,signall+--,rule ( ! ,road--,keep+ & ,reliev+ ,wat*--,po9ts ( ,etiquette--,gloss>y ( ,sea ,t]ms & ,phrases --,index4 ,! volume conta9s ! ,,new ,,rules ,,( ,,! ,,road4 8,?is ,,admirable ,,manual1 by ,capt4 ,wilson-,b>k] ( ! #8,worce/]1' seems to u ,,p]fectly ,,design$1 & holds its place excell5tly 9 #8,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies4' 444 ,al?\gh int5d$ = ^? :o are to become ,(fic]s ( ! ,m]*ant ,navy1 x w be f\nd useful by ,,all ,,ya*tsm540--,a!num4 ,= complete ,li/ ( ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies1 see p4 #ci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,illu/rat$4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,navigation3 ,,practical ,,& ,,!oretical4 ,by ,,david ,,wilson-,,b>k]1 ,r4,n4,r41 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 c41 c41 ,,& ,,william ,,all+ham1 ,,fir/-,,class ,,hon\rs1 ,,navigation1 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,art ,,dep>tm5t4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations & ,exam9ation ,que/ions4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,def9itions--,latitude & ,longitude--,in/rum5ts ( ,navigation--,correction ( ,c\rses--,plane ,sail+--,trav]se ,sail+--,day's ,"w--,p>allel ,sail+--,middle ,latitude ,sail+-- ,m]cator's ,*>t--,m]cator ,sail+--,curr5t ,sail+--,position by ,be>+s--,great ,circle ,sail+--,! ,tides--,que/ions--,app5dix3 ,compass ,error--,num]\s ,useful ,h9ts1 c4--,index4 8,precisely ! k9d ( "w requir$ = ! ,new ,c]tificates ( compet5cy 9 grades f ,second ,mate to extra ,ma/]4444 ,c&idates w f9d x ,,invaluable40--,dundee ,adv]tis]4 8,a ,,capital ,,little ,,book 444 specially adapt$ to ! ,new ,exam9ations4 ,! ,au?ors are ,capt4 ,wilson-b>k] 7,capta9- ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,nautical ,college1 ,h4,m4,s4 #8,worce/]1' :o has _h great exp]i5ce 9 ! highe/ problems ( ,navigation71 & ,mr4 ,all+ham1 a well-kn[n writ] on ! ,sci5ce ( ,navigation & ,nautical ,a/ronomy40--,%ipp+ ,_w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,,m>9e ,,meteorology1 ,,= ,,(fic]s ,,( ,,! ,,m]*ant ,,navy4 ,by ,,william ,,all+ham1 ,jo9t ,au?or ( 8,navigation1 ,!oretical & ,practical40 ,) num]\s ,plates1 ,maps1 ,diagrams1 & ,illu/rations1 & a facsimile ,reproduction ( a ,page f an actual ,meteorological ,log-,book4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,introductory4--,in/rum5ts ,us$ at ,sea = ,meteorological ,purposes4 --,meteorological ,log-,books4--,atmosph]ic ,pressure4--,air ,temp]atures4--,sea ,temp]atures4--,w9ds4--,w9d ,=ce ,scales4-- ,hi/ory ( ! ,law ( ,/orms4--,hurricanes1 ,seasons1 & ,/orm ,tracks4--,solution ( ! ,cyclone ,problem4--,ocean ,curr5ts4-- ,iceb]gs4--,syn*ron\s ,*>ts4--,dew1 ,mi/s1 ,fogs1 & ,haze4--,cl\ds4 --,ra91 ,sn[1 & ,hail4--,mirage1 ,ra9b[s1 ,coronas1 ,halos1 & ,meteors4--,lightn+1 ,corposants1 & ,auroras4--,que/ions4--app5dix4 --,index4 8,q ! ,,be/ publication1 ,,& c]ta9ly ! ,,mo/ ,,int]e/+1 on ?is subject ev] pres5t$ to ,nautical m540--,%ipp+ ,gazette4 ,= ,complete ,li/ ( ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies1 see p4 #ci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,me*anics3 ,appli$ to ! ,requirem5ts ( ! ,sailor4 ,,by ,,?os4 ,,mack5zie1 ,ma/] ,m>9]1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,resolution & ,composition ( ,=ces--,"w done by ,ma*9es & ,liv+ ,ag5ts--,! ,me*anical ,p[]s3 ,! ,lev]2 ,d]ricks z ,b5t ,lev]s--,! ,:eel & ,axle3 ,w9dlass2 ,%ip's ,cap/an2 ,crab ,w9*--,tackles3 ! 8,old ,man0--,! ,incl9$ ,plane2 ! ,screw--,! ,c5tre ( ,gravity ( a ,%ip & ,c>go--,relative ,/r5g? ( ,rope3 ,/eel ,wire1 ,manilla1 ,hemp1 ,coir--,d]ricks & ,%e>s-- ,calculation ( ! ,cross-break+ ,/ra9 ( ,fir ,sp>--,c5tre ( ,ef=t ( ,sails--,hydro/atics3 ! ,div+-bell2 ,/ability ( ,float+ ,bodies2 ! ,%ip's ,pump1 c4 8,?is ,,excell5t ,,book 444 conta9s a ,,l>ge ,,am\nt ( in=mation40 --,nature4 8,well ,,wor? ! money 444 w be f\nd ,,exce$+ly ,,helpful40 --,%ipp+ ,_w4 8,no ,%ips' ,(fic]s' ,bookcase w h5ce=? be complete )\t ,capta9 ,mack5zie's #8,practical ,me*anics4' ,not)/&+ my _m ye>s' exp]i5ce at sea1 x has told me h[ mu* m !re is to acquire40--7,lett] to ! ,publi%]s f a ,ma/] ,m>9]74 8,i mu/ express my ?anks to y = ! lab\r & c>e y h tak5 9 #8,practical ,me*anics4' 444 ,x ,is ,a ,,life',s ,,exp]i5ce4444 ,:at an am\nt we frequ5tly see wa/$ by rigg+ pur*ases )\t reason & accid5ts to sp>s1 c1 c46 #8,practical ,me*anics' ,,w\ld ,,save ,,all ,,?is40--7,lett] to ! ,au?or f ano!r ,ma/] ,m>9]74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,works ,,by ,,ri*>d ,c4 ,,buck1 ( ! ,?ames ,nautical ,tra9+ ,college1 ,h4,m4,s4 #8,worce/]4' ,a ,manual ( ,trigonometry3 ,) ,diagrams1 ,examples1 & ,ex]cises4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,correct$4 ,mr4 ,buck's ,text-,book has be5 ,,specially ,,prep>$ ) a view to ! ,new ,exam9ations ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade1 9 :i* ,trigonometry is an obligatory subject4 8,?is ,,em95tly ,,practical & ,,reliable ,,volume40--,s*oolma/]4 a ,manual ( ,algebra4 ,design$ to meet ! ,requirem5ts ( ,sailors & o!rs4 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,^! elem5t>y works on ,,algebra & ,,trigonometry are writt5 specially = ^? :o w h little opportunity ( consult+ a ,tea*]4 ,!y are books = 8,,self-,,help40 ,all b ! simple/ explanations h1 !re=e1 be5 avoid$1 & ,,answ]s to ! ,ex]cises are giv54 ,any p]son may readily1 by c>eful /udy1 become ma/] ( _! cont5ts1 & ?us lay ! f\ndation = a fur!r ma!matical c\rse1 if desir$4 ,x is hop$ t to ! y\ng] ,(fic]s ( our ,m]cantile ,m>9e !y w be f\nd decid$ly s]viceable4 ,! ,examples & ,ex]cises are tak5 f ! ,exam9ation ,pap]s set = ! ,cadets ( ! 8,worce/]40 8,cle>ly arrang$1 & well got up4444 ,a fir/-rate ,elem5t>y ,algebra40 --,nautical ,magaz9e4 ,= complete ,li/ ( ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies1 see p4 #ci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies4 ,second ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$ & ,ext5d$4 ,9 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,price #ds4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,legal ,,duties ,,( ,,%ipma/]s4 ,,by ,,b5$ict ,,wm4 ,,g9sburg1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 7,cantab471 ,( ! ,inn] ,temple & ,nor!rn ,circuit2 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,! ,qualification = ! ,position ( ,%ipma/] --,! ,contract ) ! ,%ip[n]--,! ,ma/]'s ,duty 9 respect ( ! ,crew3 ,engagem5t2 ,appr5tices2 ,discipl9e2 ,provisions1 ,accommodation1 & ,m$ical ,com=ts2 ,paym5t ( ,wages & ,dis*>ge --,! ,ma/]'s ,duty 9 respect ( ! ,pass5g]s--,! ,ma/]'s ,f9ancial ,responsibilities--,! ,ma/]'s ,duty 9 respect ( ! ,c>go--,! ,ma/]'s ,duty 9 ,case ( ,casualty--,! ,ma/]'s ,duty to c]ta9 ,public ,au?orities--,! ,ma/]'s ,duty 9 relation to ,pilots1 ,signals1 ,flags1 & ,light ,dues--,! ,ma/]'s ,duty ^u ,arrival at ! ,port ( ,dis*>ge--,app5dices relative to c]ta9 ,legal ,matt]s3 ,bo>d ( ,trade ,c]tificates1 ,diet>y ,scales1 ,/[age ( ,gra9 ,c>goes1 ,load ,l9e ,regulations1 ,life-sav+ ,appliances1 ,c>riage ( ,cattle at ,sea1 c1 c--,copi\s ,index4 8,no intellig5t ,ma/] %\ld fail to add ?is to 8 li/ ( necess>y books4 ,a few l9es ( x may ,,save ,a ,,lawy]',s ,,fee1 ,,besides ,,endless ,,worry40--,liv]pool ,j\rnal ( ,comm]ce4 8,s5sible1 pla9ly writt51 9 ,,cle> & ,,non-,,te*nical ,,language1 & w be f\nd ( ,,mu* ,,s]vice by ! ,%ipma/]10--,briti% ,trade ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,) ,diagrams4 ,price #bs4 ,latitude & ,longitude3 ,h[ to ,f9d ,!m4 ,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,mill>1 ,c4,e41 ,late ,secret>y to ! ,in/4 ( ,eng9e]s & ,%ipbuild]s 9 ,scotl&4 8,concisely & ,,cle>ly ,,writt5 444 _c b prove an acquisition to ^? /udy+ ,navigation40--,m>9e ,eng9e]4 8,"y ,seam5 w f9d x ,,h&y & ,,useful1 ,,simple & ,,cle>40 --,! ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fir/ ,,aid ,,at ,,sea4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$4 ,) ,col\r$ ,plates & ,num]\s ,illu/rations1 & compris+ ! late/ ,regulations ,respect+ ! ,c>riage ( ,m$ical ,/ores on ,bo>d ,%ip4 ,price #fs4 ,a ,,m$ical ,,& ,,surgical ,,help ,,= ,,%ipma/]s ,,& ,,(fic]s ,,9 ,,! ,,m]*ant ,,navy4 ,by ,,wm4 ,,johnson ,,smi?1 ,f4,r4,c4,s41 ,pr9cipal ,m$ical ,(fic]1 ,seam5's ,hospital1 ,gre5wi*4 ,! att5tion ( all int]e/$ 9 our ,m]*ant ,navy is reque/$ to ?is exce$+ly useful & valuable "w4 ,x is ne$less to say t x is ! outcome ( _m ye> ,,practical ,,exp]i5ce among/ ,seam54 8,s\nd1 ,,judici\s1 ,,really ,,helpful40--,! ,lancet4 ,= ,complete ,li/ ( ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies1 see p4 #ci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,nautical ,,s]ies4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,revis$1 ) ,*apt]s on ,trim1 ,buoyancy1 & ,calculations4 ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,h&some ,clo?1 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4 ,,"k ,,y\r ,,own ,,%ip4 ,by ,,?omas ,,walton1 ,naval ,ar*itect4 ,specially arrang$ to suit ! requirem5ts ( ,%ips' ,(fic]s1 ,%ip[n]s1 ,sup]9t5d5ts1 ,draughtsm51 ,eng9e]s1 & ,o!rs1 ,?is "w expla9s1 9 a simple mann]1 su* important subjects z3 --,displacem5t4--,deadweight4--,tonnage4 --,freebo>d4--,mom5ts4 --,buoyancy4--,/ra9--,/ructure4--,/abili ty4--,roll+4--,balla/+4 --,load+4--,%ift+ ,c>goes4--,admission ( ,wat]4--,sail ,area4--c4 8,! little book w be f\nd ,,exce$+ly ,,h&y by mo/ (fic]s & (ficials connect$ ) %ipp+4444 ,mr4 ,walton's "w w obta9 ,,la/+ ,,success1 because ( its unique fitness = ^? = :om x has be5 writt540--,%ipp+ ,_w4 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or4 ,/eel ,%ips3 ,_! ,con/ruction & ,ma9t5ance4 7,see page #ch47 99 99 99 99 99 ,fifte5? ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$1 ,greatly ,enl>g$1 & ,reset ,?r\gh\t4 ,l>ge #hvo1 ,clo?1 pp4 i-xxiv #gjh4 ,) #bhj ,illu/rations1 r$uc$ f ,work+ ,draw+s1 & #h ,plates4 #bas4 net4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,m>9e ,,eng9e]+3 ,,compris+ ,,! ,,design+1 ,,con/ruction1 ,,& ,,work+ ,,( ,,m>9e ,,ma*9]y ,by ,a4 ,e4 ,,seaton1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,me*4,e41 ,m4,i4,n4,a4 ,g5]al ,cont5ts4--,"p ,i4--,pr9ciples ( ,m>9e ,propulsion4 ,"p ,,ii4--,pr9ciples ( ,/eam ,eng9e]+4 ,"p ,,iii4--,details ( ,m>9e ,eng9es3 ,design & ,calculations = ,cyl9d]s1 ,pi/ons1 ,valves1 ,expansion ,valves1 c4 ,"p ,,iv4--,propell]s4 ,"p ,v4--,boil]s4 ,,"p ,,vi4--,miscellane\s4 8,! ,/ud5t1 ,draughtsman1 & ,eng9e] w f9d ?is "w ! ,,mo/ ,,valuable ,h&book ( ,ref]5ce on ! ,m>9e ,eng9e n[ 9 exi/5ce40--,m>9e ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,eigh? ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$4 ,pocket-,size1 ,lea!r4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,pocket-,,book ,,( ,,m>9e ,,eng9e]+ ,,rules ,,& ,,tables1 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,m>9e ,,eng9e]s1 ,,naval ,,ar*itects1 ,,design]s1 ,,draughtsm51 ,,sup]9t5d5ts ,,& ,,o!rs4 ,by ,a4 ,e4 ,,seaton1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,me*4,e41 ,m4,i4,n4,a41 ,,& ,h4 ,m4 ,,r\n?waite1 ,m4,i4,me*4,e41 ,m4,i4,n4,a4 8,admirably ,,fulfils its purpose40--,m>9e ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,works ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,rob]t ,h4 ,,smi?1 ,assoc4 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,m4,e41 ,m4,i4,el4,e41 ,m4,i4,m94,e41 ,:it4 ,s*41 ,m4,ord4,meiji4 ,,! ,,calculus ,,= ,,eng9e]s ,,& ,,physici/s1 ,appli$ to ,te*nical ,problems4 ,,) ,,ext5sive ,,classifi$ ,,ref]5ce ,,li/ ,,( ,,integrals4 ,by ,,pr(4 ,,rob]t ,h4 ,,smi?4 ,,assi/$ ,,by ,r4,f4 ,,muirhead1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,sc41 ,=m]ly ,cl>k ,fell[ ( ,glasg[ ,univ]sity1 & ,lectur] on ,ma!matics at ,mason ,college4 ,9 ,cr[n #hvo1 extra1 ) ,diagrams & ,fold+-,plate4 #hs4 #f;d4 8,pr(4 ,r4 ,h4 ,smi?'s book w be s]viceable 9 r5d]+ a h>d road ,,z ,,easy ,,z ,,practicable = ! non-ma!matical ,/ud5t & ,eng9e]40--,a!num4 8,int]e/+ diagrams1 ) practical illu/rations ( actual occurr5ce1 are to be f\nd "h 9 abundance4 ,! ,,v ,,complete ,,classifi$ ,,ref]5ce ,,table w prove v useful 9 sav+ ! "t ( ^? :o want an integral 9 a hurry40--,! ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,measurem5t ,,conv]sions 7,engli% & ,fr5*73 #bh ,,graphic ,,tables ,,or ,,diagrams4 ,%[+ at a glance ! ,mutual ,conv]sion ( ,measurem5ts 9 ,diff]5t ,units ,( ,l5g?s1 ,areas1 ,volumes1 ,weights1 ,/resses1 ,d5sities1 ,quantities ( ,"w1 ,horse ,p[]s1 ,temp]atures1 c4 ,= ! use ( ,eng9e]s1 ,surveyors1 ,ar*itects1 & ,contractors4 ,9 #dto1 ,bo>ds4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,pr(4 ,,smi?',s ,,conv]sion-,,tables =m ! mo/ unique & compreh5sive collection ev] plac$ be=e ! pr(ession4 ,by _! use mu* "t & lab\r w be sav$1 & ! *ances ( error 9 calculation dim9i%$4 ,x is believ$ t h5ce=? no ,eng9e]'s ,(fice w be consid]$ complete )\t !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pocket ,size1 ,lea!r ,limp1 ) ,gilt ,edges & ,r\nd$ ,corn]s1 pr9t$ on ,special ,?9 ,pap]1 ) ,illu/rations1 pp4 i-xii #hcd4 ,price #ahs4 net4 7,,! ,,new 8,,ny/rom07 ,,! ,,me*anical ,,eng9e]',s ,,ref]5ce ,,book ,a ,h&book ( ,tables1 ,=mul & ,me?ods = ,eng9e]s1 ,/ud5ts & ,draughtsm54 ,by ,,h5ry ,,h>rison ,,suplee1 ,b4,sc41 ,m4,e4 8,we feel sure x w be ( great s]vice to me*anical eng9e]s40 --,eng9e]+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r& 99 99 99 99 99 ,,second ,,edition4 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 #afs4 ,,*emi/ry ,,= ,,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,b]tram ,,bl\nt1 ,,& ,a4,g4 ,,bloxam1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s41 ,a4,i4,c4,e4 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,,g5]al ,,cont5ts4--,introduction--,*emi/ry ( ! ,*ief ,mat]ials ( ,con/ruction--,s\rces ( ,en]gy--,*emi/ry ( ,/eam-rais+-- ,*emi/ry ( ,lubrication & ,lubricants--,metallurgical ,processes us$ 9 ! ,w9n+ & ,manufacture ( ,metals4 8,! au?ors h ,,succe$$ beyond all expectation1 & h produc$ a "w :i* %\ld give ,,fre% ,,p[] to ! ,eng9e] & ,manufactur]40--,! ,times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ,companion ,volume by ! same ,au?ors1 see 8,,*emi/ry ,,= ,,manufactur]s10 p4 #ga ,g5]al ,catalogue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) ab\t #ej ,illu/rations4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,*emical ,,eng9e]+4 ,by ,j4 ,,grossmann1 ,m4,a41 ,,ph4,d41 ,f4,i4,c41 ,*emical ,eng9e] & ,consult+ ,*emi/4 ,,) ,a ,,preface ,,by ,,sir ,,william ,,ramsay1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,cont5ts4--,! ,beak] & its ,te*nical ,equival5ts4--,di/ill+ ,flasks1 ,liebig's ,cond5s]s4--,fractionat+ ,tubes & _! ,te*nical ,equival5ts4--,! ,air-,ba? & its ,te*nical ,equival5ts4 --,! ,bl[pipe & ,crucible & _! ,te*nical ,equival5ts4--,! ,/eam ,boil] & o!r ,s\rces ( ,p[]4--,g5]al ,rem>ks on ! ,application ( ,heat 9 ,*emical ,eng9e]+4--,! ,funnel & its ,te*nical ,equival5ts4--,! ,mort> & its ,te*nical ,equival5ts4 --,measur+ ,in/rum5ts & _! ,te*nical ,equival5ts4--,mat]ials ,us$ 9 ,*emical ,eng9e]+ & _! ,mode ( ,application4-- ,te*nical ,rese>* & ! ,design+ ( ,plant4--,conclusion4-- ,*emicals & ,mat]ials4--,index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,works by ,,walt] ,r4 ,,br[ne1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,in/4,c4,e4 ,,! ,,/ud5t',s ,,me*anics3 ,an ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,=ce & ,motion4 ,) ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?1 #ds4 #f;d4 8,cle> ,9 /yle & practical 9 me?od1 #8,! ,/ud5t's ,me*anics' is cordially to be recomm5d$ f all po9ts ( view40 --,a!num4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,f\ndations ,,( ,,me*anics4 ,pap]s repr9t$ f ! ,eng9e]4 ,9 ,cr[n #hvo1 #as4 99 99 99 99 99 ,demy #hvo1 ) ,num]\s ,illu/rations1 #is4 ,,fuel ,,& ,,wat]3 ,a ,manual = ,us]s ( ,/eam & ,wat]4 by ,pr(4 ,,franz ,,s*wackh,,f] ,( ,vi5na1 & ,,walt] ,r4 ,,br[ne1 ,m4,a41 ,c4,e4 ,,g5]al ,,cont5ts4--,heat & ,combu/ion--,fuel1 ,v>ieties (--,fir+ ,arrangem5ts3 ,furnace1 ,flues1 ,*imney--,! ,boil]1 ,*oice (-- ,v>ieties--,fe$-wat] ,heat]s--,/eam ,pipes--,wat]3 ,composition1 ,purification--,prev5tion ( ,scale1 c1 c4 8,! ,section on ,heat is "o ( ! be/ & mo/ lucid ev] writt540 --,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,second ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,) ,tables1 ,illu/rations 9 ! ,text1 & #cg ,li?ographic ,plates4 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 #cjs4 ,,sewage ,,disposal ,,works3 ,a ,guide to ! ,con/ruction ( ,works ,= ! ,prev5tion ( ! ,pollution by ,sewage ( ,riv]s & ,e/u>ies4 ,,by ,w4 ,,santo ,,crimp1 ,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 ,f4,g4,s41 ,late ,assi/ant-,eng9e]1 ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 8,probably ! ,,mo/ ,,complete ,,& ,,be/ ,,treatise on ! subject :i* has appe>$ 9 our language40--,ed9burgh ,m$ical ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,beautifully ,illu/rat$1 ) ,num]\s ,plates1 ,diagrams1 & ,figures 9 ! ,text4 #bas4 net4 ,,trades' ,,wa/e3 ,,its ,,treatm5t ,,& ,,utilisation4 ,a ,h&book = ,bor\gh ,eng9e]s1 ,surveyors1 ,ar*itects1 & ,analy/s4 ,by ,w4 ,,naylor1 ,f4,c4,s41 ,a4,m4,,in/4,c4,e41 ,*ief ,inspector ( ,riv]s1 ,ribble ,jo9t ,committee4 ,cont5ts4--,i4 ,introduction4--,,ii4 ,*emical ,eng9e]+4--,,iii4--,wool ,de-greas+ & ,grease ,recov]y4--,,iv4 ,textile ,indu/ries2 ,calico ,blea*+ & ,dye+4--,v4 ,dye+ & ,calico-,pr9t+4--,,vi4 ,tann+ & ,fellmong]y4--,,vii4 ,brew]y & ,di/ill]y ,wa/e4--,,viii4 ,pap] ,mill ,refuse4--,,ix4 ,g5]al ,trades' ,wa/e4--,index4 8,!re is probably no p]son 9 ,engl& to-day bett] fitt$ to deal rationally ) su* a subject40--,briti% ,sanit>ian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,) #ei ,illu/rations4 #fs4 net4 ,,smoke ,,abatem5t4 ,a ,manual = ! ,use ( ,manufactur]s1 ,inspectors1 ,m$ical ,(fic]s ( ,heal?1 ,eng9e]s1 & ,o!rs4 ,by ,,william ,,ni*olson1 ,*ief ,smoke ,inspector to ! ,%effield ,corporation4 ,cont5ts4--,introduction4--,g5]al ,legislation aga9/ ! ,smoke ,nuisance4--,local ,legislation4--,=eign ,laws4--,smoke ,abatem5t4-- ,smoke f ,boil]s1 ,furnaces1 & ,kilns4--,private ,dwell+-,h\se ,smoke4--,*imneys & _! ,con/ruction4--,smoke ,prev5t]s & ,fuel ,sav]s4--,wa/e ,gases f ,metallurgical ,furnaces4--,summ>y & ,conclusions4--,index4 8,we welcome su* an adequate /atem5t on an important subject40 --,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,second ,,edition4 ,9 ,m$ium #hvo4 ,?or\ghly ,revis$ & ,re-,writt54 #aes4 net4 ,,calc>e\s ,,cem5ts3 ,,_! ,,nature1 ,,prep>ation1 ,,& ,,uses4 ,,) ,,"s ,,rem>ks ,,^u ,,cem5t ,,te/+4 ,by ,,gilb]t ,r4 ,,r$grave1 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,assi/ant ,secret>y = ,te*nology1 ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ,,& ,,*>les ,,spackman1 ,f4,c4,s4 8,we c ?or\ghly recomm5d x z a fir/-class inve/m5t40 --,practical ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,electrical ,,eng9e]+4 ,,second ,,edition1 ,revis$4 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$ ) ,plates1 ,diagrams1 & ,figures4 #bds4 net4 ,,c5tral ,,electrical ,,/ations3 ,_! ,design1 ,organisation1 & ,managem5t4 ,by ,,*as4 ,h4 ,,word+ham1 ,a4,k4,c41 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,m4,in/4me*4,e41 ,late ,memb4 ( ,c\ncil ,in/4 ,e4,e41 & ,electrical ,eng9e] to ! ,city ( ,man*e/]2 ,electrical ,eng9e]-9-,*ief to ! ,admiralty4 ,,abridg$ ,,cont5ts4 ,introductory4--,c5tral ,/ation ,"w z a ,pr(ession4--,z an ,inve/m5t4--,! ,e/abli%m5t ( a ,c5tral ,/ation4--,sy/ems ( ,supply4--,site4--,ar*itecture4--,plant4 --,boil]s--,sy/ems ( ,draught & ,wa/e ,heat ,economy4--,coal ,h&l+1 ,weigh+1 & ,/or+4--,! ,transmission ( ,/eam4--,g5]ators4--,cond5s+ ,appliances4-- ,swit*+ ,ge>1 ,in/rum5ts1 & ,connections4--,di/ribut+ ,ma9s4-- ,insulation1 ,resi/ance1 & ,co/4--,di/ribut+ ,networks4--,s]vice ,ma9s & ,fe$]s4--,te/+ ,ma9s4--,met]s & ,appliances4-- ,/&>dis+ & ,te/+ ,laboratory4--,second>y ,batt]ies4--,/reet ,light+4--,co/4--,g5]al ,organisation4--,ma9s ,dep>tm5t4-- ,in/allation ,dep>tm5t4--,/&>dis+ ,dep>tm5t4--,draw+ ,(fice4 --,cl]ical ,dep>tm5t4--,! ,consum]4--,r\t9e & ,ma9 ,lay+4 --,index4 8,"o ( ! ,,mo/ ,,valuable ,,contributions to ,c5tral ,/ation lit]ature we h _h = "s "t40--,electricity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,h&some ,clo?4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,electricity ,,control4 ,a ,treatise on ,electric ,swit*ge> & ,sy/ems ( ,electric ,transmission4 by ,,leon>d ,,&rews1 ,associate ,memb] ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ,memb] ( ! ,in/itution ( ,electrical ,eng9e]s1 c' ,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,swit*ge> ,design4--,con/ructional ,details4-- ,circuit ,break]s or ,arc ,int]rupt+ ,devices4--,automatically ,op]at$ ,circuit-,break]s4--,alt]nat+ ,rev]se ,curr5t ,devices4-- ,arrangem5t ( ',bus ,b>s1 & ,app>atus = ,p>allel ,runn+4-- ,g5]al ,arrangem5t ( ,controll+ ,app>atus = ,high ,t5sion ,sy/ems4--,g5]al ,arrangem5t ( ,controll+ ,app>atus = ,l[ ,t5sion ,sy/ems4--,examples ( ,complete ,in/allations4 --,long ,di/ance ,transmission ,s*emes4 8,n (t5 does ! speciali/ h pres5t$ to him s satisfactory a book z ?is4444 ,we recomm5d x )\t hesitation to ,c5tral ,/ation ,eng9e]s1 &1 9 fact1 to anyone int]e/$ 9 ! subject40--,p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sev5te5? ,edition1 ,?or\ghly ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,pocket-,,book ,,( ,,electrical ,,rules ,,tables ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,electricians ,,& ,,eng9e]s4 ,by ,,john ,,munro1 ,c4,e41 ,pr(4 ,,jamieson1 ,m4,in/4,c4,e41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,) ,num]\s ,diagrams4 ,pocket ,size4 ,lea!r1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,,g5]al ,,cont5ts4 ,units ( ,measurem5t4--,measures4--,te/+4--,condu ctors4-- ,dielectrics4--,subm>9e ,cables4--,telegraphy4--,electro-,*emi/r y4-- ,electro-,metallurgy4--,batt]ies4--,dyna mos & ,motors4--,trans=m]s4 --,electric ,light+4--,miscellane\s4--,log>i?ms4--,a pp5dices4 8,wond]fully ,p]fect4444 ,wor?y ( ! highe/ comm5dation we c give x40--,electrician4 8,! ,/]l+ ,value ( ,messrs4 ,munro & ,jamieson's ,pocket-book40 --,electrical ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j ,out4 ,9 ,l>ge #hvo4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 #hs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,wireless ,,telegraphy4 ,by ,,gu/ave ,,ei*horn1 ,ph4,d4 ,cont5ts4--,oscillations4--,clos$ ,oscillation ,sy/ems4--,op5 ,oscillation ,sy/ems4--,c\pl$ ,sy/ems4--,! ,c\pl+ ,comp5sat+ ! ,a]ial ,wire4--,! ,receiv]4--,comp>ative ,measurem5t 9 ! ,s5d]4--,!oretical ,results & ,calculations 9 respect ( ,s5d] & ,receiv]4--,closely-,c\pl$ ,s5d] & ,receiv]4--,loose-,c\pl$ ,s5d] & ,receiv]4--,pr9cipal ,=mul4--,! ,ondamet]4--,work+ a ,wireless ,telegraph ,/ation4--,mod]n ,app>atus & ,me?ods ( ,work+4--,conclusion4--,bibliography4--, index4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j ,out4 ,l>ge #hvo1 ,h&some ,clo?1 ) #ccd ,pages & #cjg ,illu/rations4 #afs4 net4 ,,electricity ,,met]s4 ,by ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,solomon1 ,a4,m4,in/4,e4,e4 ,cont5ts4--,introductory4--,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,cont9u\s-,curr5t ,met]s4--,cont9u\s-,curr5t ,quantity ,met]s4--,cont9u\s-,en]gy ,motor ,met]s4--,diff]5t ,types4--,special ,purposes1 i4e41 ,batt]y ,met]s1 ,swit*bo>d ,met]s1 ,tramc> ,met]s4--,g5]al ,pr9ciples ( ,s+le-& ,polyphase ,induction ,met]s4--,s+le-phase ,induction ,met]s4--,polyphase ,met]s4--,t>iff ,sy/ems4--,prepaym5t ,met]s4-- ,t>iff & ,h\r ,met]s4--,"s ,me*anical ,features 9 ,met] ,design4 --,te/+ ,met]s4--,index4 8,an e>ne/ & successful attempt to deal compreh5sively ) mod]n me?ods ( measur+ curr5t or p[] 9 electrical in/allations40--,eng9e]+4 8,tru/wor?y in=mation4444 ,we c confid5tly recomm5d ! book to e electrical eng9e]40--,electricity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,electric ,,smelt+ ,,& ,,ref9+4 ,,by ,,dr4 ,w4 ,,bor*]s ,,& ,w4 ,g4 ,,mcmillan4 ,,second ,,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 #bas4 net4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,electro-,,metallurgy1 ,a ,,treatise ,,on4 ,,by ,,walt] ,g4 ,,mcmillan1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,,second ,,edition1 ,revis$ & 9 ,"p ,re-,writt54 #ajs4 #f;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,electrical ,,practice ,,9 ,,colli]ies4 ,,by ,d4 ,,burns1 ,m4,e41 ,m4,,in/4,m4,e4 7,see page #eh ,g5]al ,catalogue47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,electrical ,,price-,,book4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,h4 ,j4 ,,d[s+4 7,see page #ca47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ird ,edition1 ,revis$1 ,enl>g$1 & ,re-issu$4 ,price #fs4 net4 ,a ,,%ort ,,manual ,,( ,,inorganic ,,*emi/ry4 ,,by ,a4 ,,dupr1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,,& ,,wilson ,,hake1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s41 ,( ! ,we/m9/] ,hospital ,m$ical ,s*ool4 8,a well-writt51 cle> & accurate ,elem5t>y ,manual ( ,inorganic ,*emi/ry4444 ,we agree he>tily ) ! sy/em adopt$ by ,drs4 ,dupr & ,hake4 ,w ,make ,exp]im5tal ,"w ,,trebly ,,int]e/+ ,,because ,,intelligible40--,saturday ,review4 8,!re is no "q t1 giv5 ! ,,p]fect ,,gr\nd+ ( ! ,/ud5t 9 8 ,sci5ce1 ! rema9d] comes aft]w>ds to him 9 a mann] mu* m simple & easily acquir$4 ,! "w is ,,an ,,example ,,( ,,! ,,advantages ,,( ,,! ,sy/ematic ,treatm5t ( a ,sci5ce ov] ! fragm5t>y /yle s g5]ally foll[$4 ,by ,a ,,long ,,way ,,! ,,be/ ( ! small ,manuals = ,/ud5ts40--,analy/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,laboratory ,,h&books ,,by ,a4 ,,humboldt ,,sexton1 ,pr(essor ( ,metallurgy 9 ! ,glasg[ & ,we/ ( ,scotl& ,te*nical ,college4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,quantitative ,,analysis4 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,/ud5ts4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,,f\r? ,,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?1 #cs4 8,a ,,compact ,,laboratory ,,guide = beg9n]s 0 want$1 & ! want has be5 ,,well ,,suppli$4444 ,a good & useful book40--,lancet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,qualitative ,,analysis4 ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,/ud5ts4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,,f\r? ,,edition1 ,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 8,! "w ( a ?or\ghly practical *emi/40--,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal4 8,compil$ ) great c>e1 & w supply a want40--,j\rnal ( ,education4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,elem5t>y ,,metallurgy3 ,includ+ ! ,au?or's ,practical ,laboratory ,c\rse4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,see p4 #ff ,g5]al ,catalogue4 ,,?ird ,,edition1 ,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?1 #fs4 8,j ! k9d ( "w = /ud5ts comm5c+ ! /udy ( metallurgy40--,practical ,eng9e]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,griff9',s ,,*emical ,,& ,,te*nological ,,publications4 ,,page ,inorganic ,*emi/ry1 ,pr(s4 ,dupr & ,hake1 #ej ,quantitative ,analysis1 ,pr(4 ,humboldt ,sexton1 #ej ,qualitative 0 0 0 #ej ,*emi/ry ,= ,eng9e]s1 ,bl\nt & ,bloxam1 #df 0 0 ,manufactur]s1 0 0 #ga ,foods & ,poisons1 a4 ,wynt] ,bly?1 #gb ,tables ,= ,*emi/s1 ,pr(4 ,ca/ell-evans1 #gi ,dairy ,*emi/ry1 ,h4 ,d4 ,ri*mond1 #gc ,dairy ,analysis1 0 #gc ,milk1 ,e4 ,f4 ,will\ghby1 #gc ,fle% ,foods1 ,c4 a4 ,mit*ell1 #gd ,practical ,sanitation1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,reid1 #gh ,sanit>y ,eng9e]+1 ,f4 ,wood1 #gh ,te*nical ,mycology1 ,laf> & ,salt]1 #gd ,f]m5ts1 ,c4 ,opp5heim]1 #ge ,tox9es & ,anti-tox9es1 0 0 #gd ,brew+1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,sykes1 #ge ,bact]iology ( ,brew+1 ,w4 a4 ,riley1 #ge ,sewage ,disposal1 ,santo ,crimp1 #dg ,trades' ,wa/e1 ,w4 ,naylor1 #dg ,smoke ,abatem5t1 ,wm4 ,ni*olson1 #dg ,pap] ,te*nology1 ,r4 ,w4 ,s9dall1 #ha ,cem5ts1 ,g4 ,r4 ,r$grave1 #dg ,wat] ,supply1 ,r4 ,e4 ,middleton1 #gg ,road ,mak+1 ,?os4 ,aitk51 #gi ,gas ,manufacture1 ,w4 ,atk9son ,butt]field1 #gg ,acetyl5e1 ,le$s & ,butt]field1 #gg ,fire ,risks1 ,dr4 ,s*w>tz1 #gg ,petroleum1 ,sir ,bov]ton ,r$wood1 #fa ---- 7,h&book71 ,?omson & ,r$wood1 #fa ,ink ,manufacture1 ,mit*ell & ,hepwor?1 #ha ,glue1 ,gelat9e1 c41 ,?os4 ,lamb]t1 #ha ,oils1 ,soaps1 ,c&les1 ,wright ,mit*ell1 #ga ,lubrication ,lubricants1 ,ar*butt & ,deeley1 #cb ,india ,rubb]1 ,dr4 ,c>l ,o4 ,web]1 #ha ,pa9t]s' ,col\rs1 ,oils1 c41 ,g4 ,h4 ,hur/1 #hj ,pa9t]s' ,laboratory ,guide1 0 0 #hj ,pa9t+ & ,decorat+1 ,w4 ,j4 ,pe>ce1 #hj ,dye+1 ,kne*t & ,rawson1 #hb ,diction>y ( ,dyes1 ,rawson & ,g>dn]1 #hb ! ,syn!tic ,dye/uffs1 ,ca9 & ,?orpe1 #hb ,sp9n+1 ,h4 ,r4 ,c>t]1 #hc ,textile ,pr9t+1 ,seym\r ,ro?well1 #hc ,textile ,fibres ( ,comm]ce1 ,w4 ,i4 ,hannan1 #hc ,dye+ & ,clean+1 ,g4 ,h4 ,hur/1 #hd ,blea*+1 ,calico-pr9t+1 ,geo4 ,du]r1 #hd 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 ,griff9's ,geological1 ,prospect+1 ,m9+1 & ,metallurgical ,publications4 ,page ,geology1 ,/ratigraphical1 ,r4 ,e!ridge1 ,f4,r4,s41 #eb 0 ,physical1 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,g4 ,seeley1 #eb 0 ,practical ,aids1 ,pr(4 ,gr5ville ,cole1 #ec 0 ,op5 ,air ,/udies1 0 0 #ai ,m9+ ,geology1 ,james ,p>k1 ,f4,g4,s41 #ee ,prospect+ ,= ,m9]als1 ,s4 ,h]b]t ,cox1 ,a4,r4,s4,m41 #ee ,food ,supply1 ,robt4 ,bruce1 #ed ,new ,l&s1 ,h4 ,r4 ,mill1 ,d4,,sc41 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 #ed ,ore & ,/one ,m9+1 ,sir ,c4 ,lea ,neve ,fo/]1 #ef ,elem5ts ( ,m9+1 0 0 #ef ,coal ,m9+1 ,h4 ,w4 ,hughes1 ,f4,g4,s41 #ef ,practical ,coal ,m9+1 ,g4 ,l4 ,k]r1 ,m4,in/4,m4,e41 #eh ,elem5t>y 0 0 0 #eh ,electrical ,coal ,m9+1 ,d4 ,burns1 #eh ,m9e-survey+1 ,b5nett ,h4 ,br\gh1 ,a4,r4,s4,m41 #eg ,m9e ,air1 ,inve/igation (1 ,fo/] & ,haldane1 #eg ,m9+ ,law1 ,c4 ,j4 ,al=d1 #eg ,bla/+ & ,explosives1 ,o4 ,guttmann1 ,a4,m4,i4,c4,e41 #eh ,te/+ ,explosives1 ,bi*el & ,l>s51 #eh ,m9e ,acc\nts1 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,g4 ,lawn1 #eg ,m9+ ,eng9e]s' ,pkt4-bk41 ,e4 ,r4 ,field1 ,m4,in/4,m4,m41 #eg ,petroleum1 ,sir ,bov]ton ,r$wood1 #fa ,a ,h&book on ,petroleum1 ,?omson & ,r$wood1 #fa ,oil ,fuel1 ,sidney ,h4 ,nor?1 #bi ,metallurgical ,analysis1 ,macleod & ,walk]1 #fj ,microscopic ,analysis1 ,f4 ,osmond ,j4 ,e4 ,/ead1 ,f4,r4,s41#fj ,metallurgy 7,g5]al71 ,phillips & ,bau]man1 #fj 0 7,elem5t>y71 ,pr(4 ,humboldt ,sexton1 #ff ,gett+ ,gold1 ,j4 ,c4 ,f4 ,johnson1 ,f4,g4,s41 #ei ,gold ,seek+ 9 ,s\? ,africa1!o ,kassn]1 #ei ,cyanide ,process1 ,james ,p>k1 ,f4,g4,s41 #ei ,cyanid+1 ,julian & ,sm>t1 #ei ,electric ,smelt+1 ,bor*]s & ,mcmillan1 #fg ,electro-metallurgy1 ,w4 ,g4 ,mcmillan1 ,f4,i4,c1 #fg ,assay+1 ,j4 ,j4 ,c4 ,b]+]1 #ff ,metallurgical ,analysis1 ,j4 ,j4 ,morgan1 ,f4,c4,s41 #ff ,metallurgy 7,introduction to71 ,sir ,w4 ,rob]ts-,au/51 ,k4,c4,b41 #fc ,gold1 ,metallurgy (1 ,dr4 ,kirke ,rose1 ,a4,r4,s4,m41 #fc ,lead & ,silv]1 0 ,h4 ,f4 ,coll9s1 ,a4,r4,s4,m41 #fd ,iron1 ,metallurgy (1 ,?os4 ,turn]1 ,a4,r4,s4,m41 #fe ,/eel1 0 ,f4 ,w4 ,h>bord1 #fe ,iron-f\nd+1 ,pr(4 ,turn]1 #fh ,preci\s ,/ones1 ,dr4 ,max ,bau]1 #fh 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,griff9 ,,co41 ,,limit$1 ,,exet] ,,/reet1 ,,/r&4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,a few obvi\s mispr9ts h be5 correct$ 7= example1 8?or9um0 = ?orium71 b 9 g5]al ! orig9al spell+ has be5 reta9$4 ,inconsi/5t use ( hyph5s & punctuation 7 left un*ang$4 ,! italics m>kup has be5 remov$ f table head+s4 ,text appe>+ 9 small capitalisation has be5 conv]t$ to title case4