,,transcrib]',s ,,note4 ,orig9al spell+ & =matt+ has be5 mo/ly reta9$4 ,fur!r details are provid$ 9 ! ,,transcrib]',s ,,endnote4 99 99 99 99 99 --,an?ony's ,photo4 ,s]ies1 ,no4 #bj4-- ,,photography --,,9-- ,,! ,,/udio ,,& ,,9 ,,! ,,field1 --,,by-- ,e4 ,m4 ,,e/abrooke1 ,au?or ( ,,! ,,f]rotype ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,x4 ,a ,,practical ,,manual ,,design$ ,,z ,a ,,companion ,,alike ,,to ,,! ,,pr(essional ,,& ,,! ,,amateur ,,photograph]4 ,,new ,,york3 ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,,an?ony ,,co41 #eia ,,broadway4 #ahhg4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahhf1 by ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,,an?ony ,,co41 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,introduction1 #g ,,"p ,i4 ,,glass1 #aj ,quality--,prep>ation--,album5iz+4 ,,collodion1 #ad ,positive ,process--,=mula = ,positive--,h[ to ,coat ,plates ,)--,exposure ( ! ,plates-- ,developm5t ( ,plates--,develop]-- ,fix+ ,solution--,dry ,plate ,f]rotypes4 ,,collodion ,,process ,,= ,,negatives1 #bd ,negative--,=mula ,a--,=mula ,b--,=mula ,c4 ,,collodion ,,cotton1 #bh ,=mula = ,mak+ ,collodion ) ,above4 ,,negative ,,silv] ,,ba?1 #bi ,prep>ation (--,contam9ations (--,r5ovat+1 c4 ,,! ,,negative ,,develop]1 #cc ,=mul = ,develop+ ,solution4 ,,fix+ ,,solutions ,,= ,,negatives1 #ce ,,int5sify+ ,,negatives1 #cf ,,! ,,bromo ,,arg5tic ,,dry ,,plate ,,process1 #cg ,,gelat9o ,,emulsion1 #ch ,emulsion ,a1 ,paget ,prize--,emulsion ,b1 ,j>man--,emulsion ,c1 ,ev]--,emulsion ,d1 ,ev]--,app>atus = ,mak+--,prep>ation ( ,glass--,coat+ ,plates4 ,,app>atus ,,us$ ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,emulsions1 #dd ,cool+ ,table--,dry+ ,room4 ,,develop+ ,,room ,,= ,,dry ,,plates1 #dh ,,developm5t ,,( ,,dry ,,plates1 #ed ,,dry ,,plate ,,develop]s1 #ee ,alkal9e ,pyro--,develop]1 a ,sal ,soda4 ,,fix+ ,,solution1 #eg ,,cle>+ ,,solution1 #eh ,,dry ,,plate ,,developm5t1 #eh ,f]r\s ,oxalate--,ammonia ,pyro-- ,int5sification--,solution ,a--,solution ,b4 ,,practicalities1 #fc ,,ret\*+ ,,negatives1 #fc ,app>atus ,furniture4 ,,silv] ,,pr9t+1 #gj ,pr9t+ ,room--,silv]+ ,room--,silv] ,solution = ,pap]--,s5sitiz+ ,pap]--,fum+ ,pap]--,ton+ ! ,pr9ts--,ton+ ,solution--,fix+ ! ,pr9ts--,m\nt+ ! ,pr9ts--,spott+ ! ,pr9ts--,prep>ation = ,burni%+4 ,,! ,,photographic ,,/udio1 #hj ,,! ,,cam]a ,,l5ses1 #hd ,optics ( ,photography4 ,,cam]a ,,boxes1 #ii ,= ,positives1 ! ,multiply]--,= ,negatives1 ,wet or ,dry4 ,,! ,,b5/] ,,plate ,,hold]1 #aji ,,cam]a ,,boxes1 #aaj ,= ,copy+ & ,enl>g+--,= ,view+ & ,out-,door ,"w--,! ,novel ,view ,cam]a--,! ,klaub] ,cam]a4 ,,cam]a ,,/&s1 #aaf ,! ,lev] ,/&--,! ,knick]bock] ,/&--,! ,balance ,/&--,! ,b[di% ,/&--,! ,automatic ,/&--,! ,gem ,city ,/&--,! ,h&y ,/&--,! ,magic ,/&--,! ,iron ,c5tre ,/&4 ,,pneumatic ,,%utt]s1 #abd ,! ,cadett ,%utt]--,! ,lightn+ ,%utt]--,! ,g>l& ,%utt]--,! ,invisible ,%utt]4 ,,head ,,re/s1 #acj ,success ,head ,re/s--,! ,rigid--,! ,sp5c]4 ,,pos+ ,,*airs1 #acc ,! ,b[di% ,*air--,o!r ,*airs4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,field ,,photography1 #adj ,amateur ,outfit--,con/itu5ts ( ,view+ ,outfit--,dry ,plates--,h&l+ ,dry ,plates--,dry ,plate ,hold]--,view ,cam]as--,detective ,cam]a--,sat*el ,detective ,cam]a--,bij\ ,cam]a4 ,,amateur ,,equipm5ts1 #aec ,equipm5t ,no4 #a--,! ,fairy ,cam]a--,! ,novel ,cam]a--,! ,novelette ,cam]a4 ,,! ,,view ,,l5s1 #aeg ,s+le ,comb9ation ,l5ses--,d\ble ,comb9ation ,l5ses--,! ,platyscope--,dallmey]'s ,rapid ,rectil9e>--,wide ,angle ,l5ses--,dallmey]'s ,wide ,angle4 ,,! ,,tripod ,,or ,,view ,,cam]a ,,/&1 #afb ,,! ,,in/antane\s ,,%utt]1 #afd ,! ,drop ,%utt]--,! ,pros* ,%utt]s4 ,,! ,,c>ry+ ,,box1 #afg ,,develop+ ,,outfit ,,= ,,amateurs1 #afg ,*emical ,con/itu5ts (--,f]r\s ,oxalate ,developm5t--,coop]'s ,develop]4 ,,ea/man',s ,,improv$ ,,negative ,,pap]1 #agi ,,! ,,roll ,,hold]1 #aha ,h[ to ,use !m4 ,,! ,,ro*e ,,pap] ,,film1 #ahg ,,enl>g+ ,,& ,,duplicat+ ,,small ,,negatives1 #ahh ,! ,copy+ & ,duplicat+ ,cam]a--,duplicate ,negatives by ,contact4 ,,pr9t+ ,,processes1 #aib ,on ,an?ony's ,gelat9o ,bromide ,pap]--,an?ony's ,collodio ,*loride4 ,,! ,,enl>g+ ,,cam]a1 #bjc ,,pr9t+ ,,)\t ,,salts ,,( ,,silv]1 #bjg ,! ,blue ,process--,ano!r--,! ,cyanotype ,process ) ,salts ( ,uranium--,process = ,r$ ,pictures--,process = ,gre5 ,pictures--,process = ,violet ,pictures4 ,,transp>5cies ,,on ,,glass ,,opal1 #bab ,developm5t (--,f]r\s ,oxalate ,developm5t--,by ,wet ,collodion4 ,,bicycle ,,cam]a1 #bbb ,,photo ,,micrography1 #bbd 99 99 99 99 99 p#jjg ,,introduction4 99 99 ,! mo/ important improvem5t 9 photographic processes t has be5 introduc$ s9ce ,mayn>d fir/ made collodion1 & ,ar*] discov]$ its adaptability to ! production ( photographic negatives1 is ! gelat9e bromide dry plate4 ,wet plate photography _h rea*$ its utmo/ po9t ( adaptability to ! dem&s ( ! times4 ,a few m5 ( m>k$ ability1 & ! skill ( long /udy & practice1 _h rea*$ ! po9t ( highe/ excell5ce 9 work+ ) collodion1 & ! great multitude 7 press+ on t[>d t designat$ height to :i* x 0 giv5 to b few to atta94 ,x _h be5 demon/rat$ t wond]fully beautiful effects c\ld be produc$ by ! collodion process1 b t !re 0 a limit beyond :i* progress c\ld n be made4 ,! great range ( subjects 9 /ill & animate life requir+ v rapid exposures1 7 practically out ( ! p[] ( collodion1 to compass satisfactory results4 ,at ?is "t1 :5 !re seem$ to be a v con/ant & increas+ly urg5t dem& = m rapid act+ l5ses & = lightn+ processes1 !re appe>$ ! wond]ful arg5tic bromide ,gelat9e ,emulsion1 :i*1 9 f\r %ort ye>s1 has sup]s$$ ! collodion process almo/1 if n altoge!r1 & besides 7not)/&+ ! opposition ( ! elite ( ! pr(ession1 :om = a "t x p#jjh level$ ) ! re/ ( ! work]s1 b :o 7 quick to see & ackn[l$ge ! extraord9>y m]its ( ! new c&idate7 x has caus$ su* a quick5+ ( ! pulses ( ! bus9ess1 & su* an increase 9 its range & adaptability z nev] be=e 0 kn[n1 & :i*1 9 ! ye> or two pa/1 has caus$ su* an activity 9 inv5tion & 9 o!r ways1 z to make t p]iod ( "t s rem>kable = ! _m new ?+s t h be5 br\ght out1 & ! _m new processes t h be5 adopt$1 z to r5d] a detail$ acc\nt ( su* = ! pr(ession1 & also = ! amateur1 mo/ desirable4 ,x is ) su* a view t ?is book is (f]$ to ! photographic public1 & t num]\s & /ill increas+ army ( amateurs1 :o h tak5 up photography z an amusem5t1 to :ile away a leisure h\r4 ,= to ^! latt] a few h\rs' /udy ( a good h&-book is ab\t all t is necess>y to enable !m to expose & develop a dry plate1 a little practice only be+ requisite to ! successful p]=mance ( ! same4 ,!re may be _m1 h[ev]1 :o1 hav+ made a promis+ comm5cem5t1 w\ld l to proce$ f>!r & acquire a k ( =m] photographic processes1 z well z ^? :i* succe$ ! mak+ ( ! negative1 su* z pr9t+1 ton+1 fix+1 etc41 & 9 fact1 le>n h[ to make a f9i%$ photograph4 ,to su*1 p>ticul>ly1 & to all photograph]s1 ?is book is (f]$1 9 full confid5ce t x w be a useful companion 9 ! /udio & 9 ! field4 ,to accompli% ?is end we w take ! read] z an appr5tice1 & comm5c+ at ! beg9n+1 in/ruct him 9 t k he w\ld h to acquire 7 he an actual appr5tice 9 a photographic /udio1 p#jji work+ ! wet collodion process1 aft] :i* an equally full c\rse ( in/ruction w foll[ = ! dry plate & o!r new processes1 bo? = negative mak+ & = pr9t+4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages1 also1 w be f\nd _m useful =mul t h be5 c>efully cull$ f a mass ( publi%$ contributions1 f _m ( ! lead+ spirits 9 photography1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 v]ifi$ practically by ! au?or1 & o!rs be> on _! faces s pla9ly ! impression ( _! practicability z to ne$ no assurance t !y are reliable4 ,9 gett+ up ?is "w ,i h avail$ myself ( in=mation f any & all s\rces at my comm&1 giv+ cr$it :]e possible1 & endeavor+ to make ev]y?+ cle>ly und]/&able1 & neglect+ no details necess>y to ! successful work+ ( e =mula1 ev5 by ! y\nge/ le>n]4 p#jaj ,,glass4 ,,quality ,,( ,,glass ,,suitable ,,= ,,photographic ,,purposes ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,prep>e ,,x4 ,mr4 ,h>dwick1 ?an :om !re c be no m fai?ful or compet5t guide1 says t mu* c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ! selection ( glass to be us$ 9 ! production ( photographic negatives4 ,w9d[ glass is always unsuitable1 because ( its inf]ior quality1 hav+ scrat*es ^u its surface & air bubbles 9 its sub/ance1 ea* ( :i* causes irregul>ities1 z well 9 ! negatives z 9 ! subsequ5t pr9t+2 also ! squ>es are seldom flat s t !y d n lie true 9 ! hold]1 & h5ce a "p ( ! image may be out ( focus2 & also !y are extremely liable to be brok5 by compression 9 ! pr9t+ frames4 ,=m]ly _m photograph]s us$ a ?9 plate glass ( v f9e quality1 b ( late ye>s ! great dem& = glass suitable = su* purposes has made x possible = ! manufactur]s to prep>e a *eap] quality1 well adapt$ to ! uses ( photography4 ,,to ,,prep>e ,,! ,,glass ,,= ,,use4 ,be=e proce$+ to wa% ! glass1 ea* squ>e %\ld h its edges r\gh5$1 by means ( a file or a co>se /one1 or ! edges ( two pieces ( glass may be abrad$ aga9/ ea* o!r 9 su* a mann] z to remove ! %>pness1 :i* is s liable to injure ! f+]s 9 ! v>i\s manipulations4 ,9 ! process ( clean+ ! glass x is n suffici5t p#jaa to wa% x ) wat]4 ,o!r means are necess>y to remove grease1 ru/ & dirt1 :i* w\ld n yield to ! influ5ce ( wat] alone1 & = ?is purpose a solution ( cau/ic pota% is mo/ g5]ally us$4 ,! glass is imm]s$ 9 ! pota% solution1 ea* piece sep>ately1 & :5 ! di% is full1 x %\ld be left n long] ?an is necess>y = ! pota% to h its prop] action1 = :5 left = a consid]able "t ! solution ( pota% 7if /rong7 w attack ! surface ( ! glass1 to its injury4 ,:5 a suitable "t has elaps$ 7:i* 9 ! case ( new glass %\ld n be m ?an "o day or night1 & 9 ! case ( old negatives n long] ?an to cause ! film to slip (f71 ! glass %\ld be remov$ & wa%$ ) wat]1 aft] :i* x %\ld be imm]s$ 9 ! same mann]1 9 a solution compos$ ( f\r p>ts ( wat] to "o ( comm]cial nitric or sulphuric acid1 or ! two mix$1 z may be ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,?is latt] solution removes ru/ or o!r metallic blemi%es1 t h n be5 affect$ by ! pota%1 & also effectively neutralizes all traces ( ! pota% t h rema9$ on ! surfaces ( ! glass4 ,! glass may be p]mitt$ to rema9 9 ! acid an indef9ite "t1 z x c h no injuri\s effect on x1 z might ! pota%1 & :5 requir$ = use1 x %\ld be c>efully wa%$ & imm$iately album5iz$ & set up 9 racks to dry4 ,,album5iz+ ,,! ,,glass4 ,:ile ! glass is /ill wet f ! wa%+1 aft] be+ tak5 f ! acid1 x %\ld be coat$ ) a prep>ation ( album51 prep>$ z foll[s3 p#jab ,to ! album5 or :ite ( a fre% egg1 add eight ounces ( wat]2 put x 9 a b[l & ?or\ghly beat x ) an egg beat]1 or 9 any mann] t may be conv5i5t1 until ! fibre or /ructure is completely de/roy$1 :5 x %\ld be filt]$ ?r\gh loose cotton1 & aft] ! addition ( a few drops ( /rong ammonia1 x is ready = use4 ,_m pref] to beat up ! album5 be=e add+ ! wat]1 9 :i* case x %\ld be beat5 into a /iff fro?1 :5 ! prop] am\nt ( wat] is add$1 & aft] ! fro? has subsid$ ! :ole is filt]$ & ! ammonia put 9 la/4 ,! album5 be+ prep>$ & ! glass ready1 a squ>e is tak5 9 ! left h&1 & clean wat] fl[$ ov] x1 until no p>ticle ( du/ c be se5 adh]+ to ei!r surface1 :5 a small portion ( ! album5 is fl[$ on x1 & aft] cov]+ e "p ( ! surface ! excess is all[$ to dra9 (f ! "r h& l[] corn]1 aft] :i*1 if runn+ wat] is at h&1 ! back ( ! same portion ( ! plate %\ld be pass$ "u ! faucet1 & ! wat] w c>ry (f any excess ( album5 :i* might return or crawl1 z x is t]m$1 up ! back ( ! plate f ! po9t :]e x is dra9$4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid du/ settl+ on ! plate dur+ ! coat+ & aft]w>ds :ile dry+1 & aft] ! glass has be5 coat$1 if x is f\nd t any du/ adh]es to ! album5iz$ surface1 x %\ld be aga9 wa%$ & recoat$4 ,x is important t ! back ( ! glass %\ld be kept free f ! album51 s t :5 ! plate is aft]w>d collodioniz$ & imm]s$ 9 ! silv] solution1 !re %\ld be no album5 uncov]$ to p#jac contam9ate ! ba?1 & z mo/ ( ! glass us$ has "s slight inequalities ( surface1 ! album5 %\ld always be fl[$ on ! concave side1 = two reasons3 ,! fir/ is1 t :5 s5sitiz$ & plac$ 9 ! hold]1 ! pressure1 be+ aga9/ ! convex side1 may h a t5d5cy to c\nt]act ! curve & make ! plate flatt] & m p]fectly adju/$ to ! focus4 ,! o!r reason is t ! pressure ( ! pr9t+ frame has a less t5d5cy to break ! glass :5 aga9/ ! concave side4 ,! am\nt ( glass requir$ hav+ be5 album5iz$ & set up 9 racks1 x %\ld be c>efully cov]$ ) pap] to exclude du/1 & x %\ld be set away to dry1 aft] :i* x %\ld be plac$ 9 its prop] receptacle 9 ! d>k room1 ready = use4 ,! reasons = album5iz+ ! glass are important4 ,be=e ?is process 0 adopt$1 all glass us$ = photographic purposes1 aft] be+ subject$ to ! action ( pota% or acid1 or bo?1 _h to be f9ely poli%$ ) rott5/one or "s o!r poli%+ sub/ance1 to r5d] its surface suffici5tly free f all traces ( acid1 organic matt]1 ru/1 etc41 :i* w\ld injuri\sly affect ! collodion or ! deposit ( silv] iodide d]iv$ f ! ba?4 ,?is poli%+ 0 v labori\s1 & 9 consequ5ce x 0 (t5 v imp]fectly done1 caus+ mu* loss ( "t & mat]ial2 also ! glass ?us prep>$ did n (f] to ! collodion a surface to :i* x c\ld adh]e ) mu* t5acity1 & 9 consequ5ce x w\ld frequ5tly slip f x 9 ! subsequ5t manipulations4 p#jad ,! fir/ reason = ,album5iz+ !n1 is to cov] ! surface ) a sub/ance *emically pure1 & :5 dry ( a cry/al9e nature & imp]vi\s to1 or at lea/ n soluble 9 ! silv] solution1 ?us sav+ ! labor ( poli%+4 ,ano!r reason is t ! album5 (f]s a surface to :i* ! collodion w adh]e ) extreme t5acity1 ?us sav+ & prev5t+ ! film f slipp+4 ,,collodion4 ,! discov]y t explosive cotton 0 soluble 9 e!r1 0 made by ,mr4 ,mayn>d1 :o gave x ! "n ( ,collodion1 & lat]1 9 #ahdh1 publi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,m$ical ,sci5ce ! =mula = its prep>ation4 ,?is e!real solution1 hav+ a c]ta9 proportion ( alkal9e iodides1 & iodides ( silv] add$ !reto1 con/itut$ ! collodion fir/ employ$ by ,mr4 ,ar*]1 :o ?us %>es ) ,mr4 ,mayn>d1 & ) a ,mr4 ,legray 7:o fir/ publi%$ an acc\nt ( its use z a photographic ag5t7 ! honor ( hav+ giv5 to ! _w ! collodion process 9 photography4 ,! progress t has be5 made s9ce ,mr4 ,ar*]'s "t 9 p]fect+ ! adaptability ( collodion to photographic uses c\ld n be bett] illu/rat$ ?an by comp>+ ! =mul = collodion fir/ publi%$ ) ^? 9 use at ?is "t4 ,! practice ( photography 9 ! pres5t day by ! collodion process is divid$ into two bran*es1 ! positive & ! negative4 ,9 ! fir/ ! object is to obta9 9 ! cam]a a p#jae direct image1 :i* is to be view$ by reflect$ light1 & z x is desir$ t ! pictures s produc$ %\ld possess pure blacks & :ites1 c]ta9 modifications ( ! collodion1 silv] solution & develop] are resort$ to1 :i* cause ^! prep>ations to diff] some:at f ^? prep>$ = ! production ( sup]ior negatives1 consequ5tly ! =mul giv5 h]eaft] w be designat$ z positive or negative4 ,^! modifications1 h[ev]1 are n ( su* a "* z to r5d] ei!r ( ! solutions prep>$ = "o process totally unfit to be us$ = ! o!r1 = 9 fact1 _m photograph]s at ?is day use ! same collodion ba? & develop] = mak+ bo? positives & negatives4 ,,! ,,positive ,,collodion ,,process4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we w take up = consid]ation ! positive process4 ,! fir/ positives on glass 7 call$ ambrotypes1 & 7 ! successors to ! dagu]reotype1 :i* !y sup]s$$ & displac$ by ! sup]ior facility ( _! production4 ,= ! same reason ! ambrotype 0 succe$$ by ! f]rotype1 :i* 0 a positive collodion picture1 made on a ?9 iron plate ) a black japann$ surface4 ,! f]rotype or t9type is n[ ab\t ! only product ( ! positive collodion process ( consid]able importance1 & is ! only "o t w receive consid]ation 9 ^! pages4 ,f]rotype plates are sold by all deal]s 9 photographic mat]ials2 !y are mo/ly manufactur$ by two l>ge conc]ns 9 ,worce/]1 ,mass4 p#jaf ,,collodion ,,= ,,positives4 ,z has be=e be5 /at$1 to produce ! f9e/ results 9 positive photography requires c]ta9 modifications ( ! collodion ba? & develop]1 :i*1 :ile n unfitt+ !m altoge!r = negative "w1 yet w\ld r5d] !m q unsuitable = high class "w4 ,! =mula = positive collodion "h giv5 has _m m]its1 & among ^? is a c]ta9 quality ( film1 :i* might be t]m$ opacity1 b n 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w2 x is t quality 9 ! film :i* enables x to cov] up any small scrat* or wat] m>k on ! surface ( ! plate t w\ld infallibly spoil ! picture1 if almo/ any o!r collodion 7 us$4 ,?is quality1 ) great cle>ness or transp>5cy 9 ! %ad[s1 & a beautiful gradation ( light & %ade1 make x unique z a positive collodion4 ,!re may seem to be a contradiction betwe5 ! t]ms opacity & great transp>5cy ( %ad[s1 :i* may ne$ fur!r explanation4 ,z ! %ad[s ( a positive collodion picture are produc$ by ! black surface ( ! plate %[+ ?r\gh ! collodion1 any defect on t portion ( ! surface w\ld be expect$ to %[ v pla9ly1 & x does s ) ! use ( ! ord9>y collodions sold by ! deal]s1 b n s ) ! collodion "u consid]ation1 :i* may be because x is less p]meable by ! silv] solution1 & t consequ5tly ! deposit ( iodide ( silv] lies m on ! surface & less )9 ! texture ( ! film1 & is ?us kept f contact ) organic matt] or o!r defects on ! surface ( ! plate2 9 "s su* mann] only1 c ,i acc\nt = a v valuable quality t has sav$ ?\s&s ( p#jag plates1 t w\ld "u o!r usage h be5 ?r[n away4 ,?is =mula has nev] be=e be5 publi%$1 & mu/ be prep>$ z direct$4 ,alcohol & e!r equal p>ts2 gun cotton suffici5t to make a mod]ately ?ick film1 say #e or #f gra9s to ! oz42 put ! cotton 9 ! e!r fir/2 :5 x is well saturat$1 p\r 9 ! alcohol4 ,to :i* add3 ,iodide ( ,ammonium #d gra9s to oz4 ,iodide ( ,cadmium #b ,bromide ( ,cadmium #a ,bromide ( ,copp] #a ,! latt] +r$i5t c only be _h 9 aque\s solution1 ,i believe1 & requires close calculation to get at ! "r quantity4 ,?is =mula gives #h gra9s ( salts to ! ounce ( collodion1 & w\ld require a silv] solution ( #ej gra9s to ! fluid ounce to balance prop]ly4 ,! silv] solution may be prep>$ z p] directions on page #bi1 "u ! head+--,! ,negative ,ba?4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,coat ,,plates4 ,! f]ro-plate is held betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ two f+]s ( ! left h&4 ,! collodion bottle is held 9 ! "r h&1 & ! collodion is p\r$ on ! "r upp] end ( ! plate1 fl[$ to ! left upp] corn]1 by deflect+ ! plate 9 t direction1 & !n d[n ! left side t[>d ! h&1 & ! excess run back into ! bottle f ! "r l[] corn]1 :5 x has all run (f1 ! plate %\ld be gradually br\ght to a p]p5dicul> position & rock$ f "r to left1 t is1 p]p5dicul> to ! end1 p#jah !n to ! side1 until ! film has set or become fix$1 :i* may be asc]ta9$ by t\*+ ! film at ! l[] corn] ( ! plate1 :51 if x breaks & does n run f>!r1 x has set & %\ld1 )\t delay1 be imm]s$ 9 ! silv] solution1 :]e x %\ld rema9 until x has become fully s5sitiz$1 :i* w be 9 f #b to #e m9utes4 ,! plate %\ld be l[]$ into ! ba? by "o cont9u\s motion2 any /oppage w cause a l9e & spoil ! plate4 ,! plate is s5sitiz$ :5 on remov+ x f ! ba? x pres5ts a smoo?1 yell[i% surface2 if x %[s l9es z ( wat] runn+ (f a greasy surface1 x is n coat$2 return x to ! ba?4 ,,exposure ,,( ,,! ,,plate4 ,! plate hav+ become suffici5tly coat$ is tak5 f ! ba?1 well dra9$1 & plac$ 9 ! hold] or %ield1 & a piece ( glass ( ! same size put beh9d x1 :i* is to receive ! pressure ( ! spr+ on ! door ( ! hold]1 & =ce ! plate into its prop] position ev5ly1 s t all p>ts w be 9 focus4 ,! hold] conta9+ ! plate is !n tak5 to ! /udio1 or light room1 :]e ! subject1 we w say1 has already be5 pos$2 ! cam]a set & focus$1 ! exposure is !n made1 aft] :i* x is return$ to ! d>k room = developm5t4 ,,develop] ,,& ,,developm5t4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( a develop+ solution = plate pictures1 we mu/ consid] t we desire to produce a picture1 :i*1 to be admir$1 mu/ h p#jai pure :ites1 cle> %ad[s1 be full ( detail & h an easy gradation ( light & %ade4 ,t y may succe$ 9 ?is object1 use ! foll[+ =mula1 & p]si/ until y h le>n$ its e modification3 ,,develop]4 ,wat] #fd ounces f4 ,protosulphate ( iron #d ,acetic acid #d ,alcoholic solution ( tann91 #aj gra9s to ! ounce #d ,! f\r ounces ( iron %\ld be dissolv$ 9 ! sixty-f\r ounces 7fluid7 ( wat]1 & ! acetic acid & tannic alcohol add$4 ,9 us+ ?is solution1 develop y\r plate ov] a l>ge filt]1 :i* w receive all y\r surplus develop+ solution1 & conduct x into a bottle = use aga92 dra9 ! plate into ?is filt] be=e wa%+1 wa% c>efully & !n place x into ! fix+ solution--! develop+ solution :i* has filt]$ ?r\gh into ! bottle is aft]w>ds us$ 9 ! proportion ( "o-half ( old to "o-half ( ! new or fre% solution4 ,?is greatly improves ! high lights ( ! picture1 & by us+ m or less ( ! old solution1 effects c be produc$ t are impossible by any o!r means4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 to cause ! develop+ solution to fl[ ev5ly & ) "o sweep1 z x 71 ov] ! :ole surface1 s t ! action may be z ne> z possible equal on all p>ts ( ! surface4 ,9 a v few seconds aft] ! action ( ! develop] has comm5c$ ! picture w %[ up4 ,! plate mean:ile %\ld be kept 9 motion & ! p#jbj solution caus$ to fl[ f side to side & f "o end to ! o!r1 9 ord] t ! developm5t may progress ev5ly & ) ! same spe$ on all p>ts4 ,! picture w gradually gr[ & bright51 until all ! detail t might be expect$ is se5 9 ! %ad[s2 !n p\r (f ! rema9+ solution into ! filt] & proce$ to wa% ! plate until all traces ( greas9ess disappe>2 :5 ! plate is suffici5tly wa%$ & is ready to be fix$ or cle>$4 ,ano!r develop+ solution is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,make a #fd-ounce saturat$ solution ( protosulphate ( iron1 into :i* drop tann9 solution en\gh to cause a precipitate1 :i* rema9s undissolv$ aft] %ak+1 !n add drop by drop pure nitric acid1 until ! precipitate is tak5 up & ! solution becomes cle>4 ,to "o ounce ( ?is add wat]1 until x te/s #ah to #bj gra9s to ! ounce by ! hydromet]1 !n add "o ounce acetic acid1 :i* p]fects ! =mula & con/itutes ! develop]4 ,,fix+ ,,solution4 ,! solv5t mo/ g5]ally us$ = fix+ or cle>+ positives is cyanide ( potassium4 ,by ! t]m fix+ is meant ! dissolv+ f ! collodion film all ! iodide ( silv] n act$ on by ! develop]2 ! rema9+ portion ( ! silv] is 9 a metallic /ate & con/itutes ! image2 ! cyanide v readily dissolves ! iodide1 b acts v sl[ly on ! metallic silv]4 ,?is fix+ solution %\ld be conta9$ 9 a glass upright di%1 enclos$ 9 a wood case1 ) a tight or close-fitt+ cov]1 ?is 9 ord] t z little exposure to ! air z possible may be _h1 z ! fumes p#jba aris+ f ! evaporation ( ! solution are injuri\s4 ,two ounces ( cyanide to #fd ounces ( wat] w make a suitable fix+ solution = plate pictures2 if1 h[ev]1 its action is ?\ght to be too sl[1 add m4 ,! plate picture hav+ n[ be5 develop$ & fix$1 x only rema9s t x %\ld be dri$1 v>ni%$1 cut into %ape1 plac$ 9 ! prop] envelopes & x is ready = deliv]y4 ,^? desir+ m ext5d$ in/ructions 9 ! mak+ ( plate pictures are ref]r$ to ! "w on t subject1 entitl$1 ,! ,f]rotype & ,h[ to ,make x1 publi%$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,an?ony ,co41 ( ,new ,york4 ,,arg5tic ,,dry ,,plates ,,= ,,positives4 ,! ,ph5ix ,plate ,co41 ! l>ge/ manufactur]s ( f]rotype plates 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ^: "n is famili> ) e f]rotypi/1 z well z mo/ photograph]s1 h lately plac$ on ! m>ket f]rotype plates1 ) surfaces coat$ or s5sitiz$ ) gelat9e emulsion1 :i* !y1 (f] z a sub/itute = ! ord9>y collodion positive or t9type4 ,! plates are cut to sizes & pack$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z ! ,/anley or any o!r dry plates are1 & be+ extremely s5sitive to light1 !y mu/ be h&l$ ) ! same c>e4 ,! manufactur]s claim1 t ! ',arg5tic ,dry ,plate' w be f\nd f> sup]ior to any o!r =m ( positive plate1 giv+ z x does ! maximum ( beautiful effects ) a m9imum ( labor1 produc+ a ri* & brilliant picture ) a rapidity & cleanl9ess nev] be=e atta9$1 do+ away z !y d p#jbb ) ! use ( ! silv] ba? & all its concomitant evils1 p9holes1 /a9s1 fog1 etc41 n =gett+ ! va/ sav+ 9 "t & temp]4 ,! arg5tic plate is always ready-at-h&1 & ! work+ ( x is simplicity itself4 ,_! p]man5cy & reliability is beyond "q4 ,^! plates are extremely rapid4 ,an exposure ( f #a to #c seconds w suffice ) a good light1 #b m9utes to develop1 #c to fix1 wa%1 dry & v>ni%1 & ! op]ation is complete1 ready )9 t5 m9utes = deliv]y4 ,= out-door views ^! plates "w well ) a drop %utt] exposure1 & ! results1 bo? = portrait & view "w1 are rem>kable = fullness ( detail1 & great delicacy & s(tness ( tone4 ,:ile ^! plates may be develop$ by ! common ammonia pyro develop]1 ! manufactur]s claim1 t mu* f9] effects may be produc$ by us+ ! ,ph5ix ,/ock ,solution1 t accompanies ! plates1 put up 9 #ab oz4 bottles4 ,by its use1 great] rapidity ( developm5t1 pur] :ite1 extreme brilliancy & f9] detail c be obta9$1 ! result be+ f> sup]ior to t produc$ by any o!r develop]4 ,! foll[+ =mula c be reli$ on to give excell5t results1 & by simply modify+ ! proportions1 to suit circum/ances1 w answ] e purpose4 ,z ^! plates are v rapid1 six times m rapid ?an wet plates1 gu>d well aga9/ :ite light4 ,=mula = developm5t3 ,,no4 #a4 ,pyrogallic ,acid #a oz4 ,wat] #ab oz4 ,citric ,acid #bj grs4 p#jbc ,,no4 #b4 ,ph5ix ,/ock ,solution4 ,keep ! ,/ock ,solution securely cork$4 ,,no4 #c4 ,bromide ,potass4 #a oz4 ,wat] #ab oz4 ,,develop]4 ,wat] #d oz4 ,no4 #a #d drams4 ,no4 #b #d drams4 ,if ! plate be ov] expos$1 add a few drops ( ,no4 #c4 ,%\ld ! plate1 h[ev]1 be "u expos$1 add "o dram m ( ,no4 #b4 ,:5 ! plate is plac$ 9 ! develop]1 ! image w beg9 to appe> 9 f #e to #aj seconds4 ,cont9ue ! developm5t until ! details are all out4 ,b be c>eful n to ov]-develop1 & !reby obscure ! %ad[s4 ,wa% ?or\ghly aft] developm5t1 & fix 9 ! foll[+ solution3 ,,fix+ ,,solution4 ,cyanide ( ,potass4 #abj gra9s4 ,wat] #aj oz4 ,let ! plate rema9 9 ! fix+ bas9 until e trace ( ,bromide ( silv] disappe>s4 ,wa% well aft] fix+1 & dry ) a g5tle heat or fl[ ! plate ) alcohol = a few seconds4 ,set x aside1 & x w dry 9 a few m9utes )\t ! aid ( heat4 ,= v>ni%+ any good negative or positive v>ni% w answ]4 ,apply a little heat to prev5t *ill+4 ,directions accompany ea* box4 p#jbd ,,! ,,collodion ,,process ,,= ,,negatives4 ,we n[ take up t m important bran* ( ! collodion process1 vis41 t = negatives4 ,! =mul & in/ructions already giv5 = positives might enable "o to make a negative1 b ! negatives s made w\ld be> ev5 a remot] relation to "o made by ! =mula ab\t to be giv5 ?an w\ld a positive made accord+ to ^! =mul be> to a good "o made by ! appropriate means4 ,important modifications are necess>y to rea* ! highe/ excell5ce 9 ei!r process4 ,,negative ,,collodion4 ,to produce a good negative a collodion is necess>y1 ! film ( :i* is m p]meable ?an t = positives1 s t a heavi] deposit ( iodide ( silv] may be c>ri$ 9 ! film1 to ! end t 9 ! developm5t a d5s] deposit ( metallic silv] may be secur$ on all p>ts ( ! image1 b especially on ! high lights1 :i* %\ld be suffici5tly d5se to prev5t ! transmission ( light almo/ altoge!r1 or at lea/ to exclude ! light suffici5tly to all[ ! %ad[s & int]m$iate %ades to pr9t to ! prop] dep?1 :ile ! high lights ( ! face & su* p>ts ( ! clo?+ z are :ite %all be only slightly discolor$4 ,!re are v _m =mul = su* collodions1 "s ( :i* h prov$ to be em95tly satisfactory1 & among ! be/ are class$ ! foll[+3 ,,negative ,,collodion4 ,a4 ,e!r & alcohol1 equal p>ts4 ,climax cotton 7,an?ony's71 #c gra9s to ! oz4 ,negative cotton p#jbe 7,an?ony's71 #a gra9 to oz4 ,place ! cotton 9 ! e!r fir/1 !n add ! alcohol & s5sitize ) ,iodide ( ,ammonium #c gra9s to ounce ,iodide ( ,li?ium #a ,bromide ( ,cadmium #b ,collodion prep>$ aft] ?is =mula gives v pleas+ results & is r m rapid ?an ! av]age4 ,9 _m cases x is well to h two samples ( collodion diff]+ 9 =mul1 mix+ !m 9 v>y+ proportions1 accord+ to ! effect desir$4 ,a good =mula = mix+ ) ! above is z foll[s4 ,x c be us$ sep>ately if desir$1 b is n prim>ily int5d$ to be us$ alone3 ,pla9 collodion1 prep>$ z 9 ! prec$+ =mula1 b ) a diff]5t cotton1 ,an?ony's sn[y ,cotton1 = in/ance1 to ea* ounce ( ! pla9 collodion add3 ,iodide ( ,potassium #b-a_/b gra9s ,bromide ( ,cadmium #b ,iodide ( ,cadmium #b-a_/b ,! iodide ( potassium is insoluble 9 absolute alcohol & e!r1 !re=e x mu/ be fir/ dissolv$ 9 ! smalle/ quantity ( wat] possible & !n add$ to ! collodion4 ,a portion w ev5 !n mo/ probably be precipitat$2 if x is n1 x w\ld be an indication t ! alcohol or e!r us$ 7 ei!r "o or bo? ( a high] specific gravity ?an !y %\ld be4 ,x is m important t ! e!r %\ld be pure ?an ! alcohol1 z ! =m] is (t5 contam9at$ or adult]at$ ) wat] z well z ) alcohol1 & sometimes conta9s impurities ( an acid nature4 ,e!r1 = photographic purposes1 %\ld n h a p#jbf high] specific gravity ?an #gbj1 & ! alcohol %\ld nev] be us$ = collodion :5 bel[ #ie p] c5t41 z ! pres5ce ( wat] 9 ! collodion makes ! film weak & glut9\s4 ,mo/ =mul = collodion prescribe alcohol & e!r 9 equal p>ts1 b ^! may be v>i$ ) advantage dur+ ! hot season2 = in/ance1 ! alcohol may be us$ 9 some:at l>g] proportion1 z ! t5d5cy to evaporation is mu* m ) a high temp]ature1 & alcohol evaporates less rapidly ?an e!r4 ,consequ5tly ! fl[+ quality ( ! collodion & ! ev5ness ( ! film w\ld be promot$ by a n too rapid congelation or sett+ ( ! film4 ,& aga91 dur+ ! cold season1 ! e!r may be us$ 9 l>g] proportion1 to promote a m rapid evaporation & sett+ ( ! film4 ,by a mod]ately close obs]vation ( ! action ( collodion "u v>y+ temp]atures1 ! op]ator might soon le>n h[ to modify 8 =mul to suit all conditions ( heat & cold4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t x w\ld n be correct to v>y ! proportions ( e!r & alcohol v greatly1 z an ov] proportion ( alcohol w\ld r5d] ! collodion weak & glut9\s1 &1 be+ v soluble 9 wat]1 w\ld ! soon] injure ! silv] solution4 ,on ! o!r h& too great a proportion ( e!r w\ld make ! collodion less s5sitive4 ,,negative ,,collodion4 ,b4 ,alcohol & e!r1 equal p>ts4 ,an?ony's ,negative ,cotton #c gra9s to ounce ,an?ony's ,climax ,cotton #a ,put ! cotton into ! e!r & let x become saturat$1 !n add ! alcohol4 ,excite ) p#jbg ,iodide ( ,ammonium #c-a_/b gra9s to ounce ,iodide ( ,cadmium #b ,bromide ,cadmium #b-a_/b ,collodion sometimes1 f long keep+1 loses s5sitiv5ess & becomes ( a deep r$ color4 ,:5 su* is ! case1 x %\ld be set aside & fre% samples prep>$1 :i* w\ld be improv$ 9 work+ quality by ! addition ( small quantities ( ! old1 & ?us old /ock may be us$ up )\t det]ioration 9 ! "w4 ,negative collodion %\ld n be s heavy bodi$ or ?ick z t = positives2 nei!r %\ld x be s highly excit$4 ,good positive collodion %\ld h z _m z #h gra9s ( ! iodides & bromides to ! ounce1 requir+ a silv] solution n l[] ?an #ej gra9s /rong & go+ some:at high] 9 cold wea!r4 ,! /&>d silv] solution = negatives is #de gra9s ( silv] nitrate to ! ounce ( wat] & ! collodion f #e-a_/b to #f-a_/b gra9s to ! ounce1 ) a t5d5cy to less 9 cold wea!r4 ,collodion = negatives %\ld be p]mitt$ to rip5 a day or two be=e us+1 unless x is br\ght to t /ate by mix+ ) old4 ,,negative ,,collodion4 ,c4 ,iodide ,ammonium #aib gra9s ,bromide ,cadmium #abh ,bromide ,potassium #if ,e!r & ,alcohol #cb oz4 ea* ,cotton #cbj gra9s ,! prec$+ =mul are = portrait "w 9 /udio4 ,= o!r "w1 su* z outdoor views1 p#jbh l&scape or ar*itectural1 or = copy+ engrav+s1 etc41 c]ta9 modifications ( ! collodion1 to produce great] int5sity or m contra/1 are desirable4 ,collodion suitable = su* purposes c always be pur*as$ f ! photo /ock deal]1 9 quantities desir$1 & = t reason x is n be/ = ! amateur nor ! pr(essional photograph] ei!r1 to prep>e small samples = special purposes4 ,if x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be f\nd at any "t necess>y to prep>e su* a collodion1 ! second =mula ( ,negative ,collodion ,a w be f\nd suitable = views ( build+s1 copies ( engrav+s & su* l "w4 ,x 0 at fir/ ?\ght to be unnecess>y to give a =mula = ! prep>ation ( pyroxil9e or gun cotton1 z no individual n 9 ! bus9ess c possibly produce an article t c be 9 any way comp>$ to t made by manufactur]s ( skill & exp]i5ce4 ,= ! b5efit ( any "o wi%+ to exp]im5t1 ?is =mula is giv53 ,,=mula ,,= ,,mak+ ,,collodion ,,cotton4 ,sulphuric ,acid #f oz4 ,nitric ,acid #d ,wat] #b ,mix & ! temp]ature w rise to #agj ,f4 ,inm]se dry cotton wool 7be/ long fibre71 be sure wool is dry1 draw x 9 long flakes & pull x "u acids ) a /\t glass rod2 d n cr[d 9 too mu*1 take c>e t ea* tuft is well wett$ ) ! acids be=e putt+ 9 a fre% tuft4 ,c>efully cov] ! vessel & put x :]e any slight fumes may escape2 leave x = at lea/ #ab h\rs--#bj h\rs w n spoil x4 ,:5 ready1 lift cotton out & plunge x p#jbi into a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 quickly sep>at+ ! tufts ) glass rods1 wa% 9 *anges ( wat]1 until no acid is left1 !n wr+ ! cotton 9 a co>se t[el until dry z possible & pull x all ap>t & place 9 ! air to dry4 ,,collodion ,,) ,,above4 ,alcohol #e oz4 ,e!r #aj ,cotton #ajj gra9s ,,to ,,iodize3 ,alcohol #e oz4 ,iodide ,ammonium #fj grs4 ,iodide ,cadmium #cj ,bromide #bj ,dissolve ! iodides 9 ! #e oz4 alcohol or 9 ! :ole #aj oz41 if desir$1 !n put 9 ! #ajj gra9s cotton1 %ake well1 !n add ! #aj oz4 e!r & %ake till ! cotton is all dissolv$2 x w be ready = use 9 a few h\rs1 & w improve ) age4 ,,! ,,negative ,,ba?4 ,! silv] solution = a negative ba? is prep>$ 9 sub/antially ! same mann] z = a positive4 ,two ?irds ( ! am\nt ( silv] nitrate int5d$ to be us$1 %\ld be dissolv$ 9 ! quantity ( wat] requir$ to make ! ba?1 & a gra9 or two ( iodide ( potassium add$ & plac$ 9 ! sunlight until ! solution has *ang$ color1 become turbid1 & aga9 cle> & colorless4 ,?is *ange is caus$ by a m9ute portion ( ! silv] comb9+ ) ! organic matt] & ) o!r impurities 9 ! wat]1 if !re are any2 a molecul> *ange !n takes p#jcj places1 oxyg5 is evolv$ & ! inf9itesimal portion ( silv] *anges to a metallic /ate & s9ks to ! bottom1 c>ry+ ) x ! impurities1 :i* induc$ ! *emical action or *ange4 ,! solution may n[ be filt]$1 ! rema9+ portion ( ! silv] nitrate add$1 & ) a few drops ( pure nitric acid1 ! solution w be ready = use4 ,b if on trial x is asc]ta9$ t x w n give satisfactory results1 x w be f\nd t x has n be5 suffici5tly excit$1 or an acid reaction has n be5 induc$4 ,if ! fir/ supposition is true1 m iodide ( potassium mu/ be us$1 z a silv] solution mu/ receive z mu* or ne>ly z mu* ( ! iodide z x w hold 9 solution1 be=e x w "w h>moni\sly ) ! collodion2 ! gra9 or two put 9 ! solution ) ! fir/ portion ( nitrate ( silv] h n be5 suffici5t4 ,a v little m may be add$1 :i* w comb9e ) ! silv]1 =m+ a :ite curdy precipitate1 :i*1 on %ak+ ! bottle1 w 9 a %ort "t r$issolve4 ,if any rema9s1 x %\ld be filt]$ out1 z no m c be held 9 solution4 ,an o!r plan is r m conv5i5t1 b requires m "t4 ,x is to coat ) collodion z l>ge a plate z ! ba? w receive2 imm]se x 9 ! ba?1 leav+ x !re "s h\rs1 usually all night4 ,aft] try+ "o ( ^! rem$ies1 if ! ba? refuses /ill to yield good results1 m nitric acid %\ld be add$1 until ! solution w turn blue litmus pap] sl[ly r$4 ,i h nev] kn[n a silv] ba? to fail to come to t]ms "u ?is treatm5t4 p#jca ,! silv] solution1 :5 9 con/ant use1 rapidly det]iorates1 & unless !re is a v l>ge quantity1 x w soon become unfit = use1 & h[ev] mu* or little !re may be1 x is only a "q ( "t z to :5 x w cease to act satisfactorily4 ,?is result is caus$ p>tly by ! gradual contam9ation ( ! solution by ! alcohol & e!r wa%$ f ! collodioniz$ plates t h be5 s5sitiz$ 9 x4 ,:5 ! ba? is s]i\sly affect$ 9 ?is mann]1 x is indicat$ by ! difficulty exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ ! develop] to fl[ ev5ly ov] ! plate1 & also by ! /rong alcoholic odor ( ! silv] solution4 ,! necessity = a *ange ( ! ba? may be delay$ = a "t by ! addition ( alcohol to ! develop]1 :i* causes x to fl[ m ev5ly4 ,ano!r s\rce ( evil to ! ba? is ! cont9ual absorption f ! surfaces ( ! plates imm]s$ ( m9ute portions ( ! salts ) :i* ! collodion is excit$4 ,aft] ! silv] solution has tak5 up all x c dissolve or assimilate1 ! surplus is held 9 susp5sion & is call$ free iodide1 :i* deposits itself on ! surfaces ( ! plates1 & :5 9 quantity causes ! plate :5 tak5 f ! ba? to appe> z if f9e s& _h be5 spr9kl$ ov] x4 ,^! small cry/als prev5t ! action ( ! light on ! p>ts !y cov]1 & :5 ! plate has be5 develop$ & fix$1 e cry/al has produc$ a small transp>5t spot or p9hole1 z x is t]m$1 & _m a lovely negative has be5 ru9$ by p9holes4 ,?is tr\ble may be cur$ by increas+ ! quantity ( ! solution & add+ m silv] nitrate1 :i*1 if 9 suffici5t quantity1 w dissolve ! free p#jcb iodide4 ,b if x may n be conv5i5t to d ?is & no o!r solution is ready = use1 !n1 aft] imm]s+ y\r plate1 tip ! ba? di% back s t ! face ( ! plate may be incl9$ d[nw>ds1 :5 ! cry/als w be deposit$ on ! back ( ! plate & d no h>m4 ,! silv] ba? is also contam9at$ ) organic matt]1 tak5 up f ! edges & backs ( ! _m plates us$1 ( :i* "s portion ( ! album5 is likely to be expos$ to ! action ( ! solution1 & also f du/1 etc41 fall+ into ! ba? di%1 :i* w be tak5 up & held 9 solution by ! acid 9 ! ba?1 b :5 ! acid c hold no m 9 solution1 its pres5ce w be indicat$ by a greyi% :ite vail =m+ on ! surface ( ! plate :5 develop$2 ?is is call$ fog1 & may only p>tially obscure ! image1 or x may completely veil x4 ,! fogg+ ( ! plates 9 ?is mann] may be prev5t$ = a "t by add+ m nitric acid to ! ba?1 :i* w dissolve ! organic matt] & prev5t its deposition on ! plate4 ,:5 ! silv] ba? has1 f long or mu* use1 become s]i\sly affect$ by any ( ^! evils1 x %\ld be set aside & a fre% ba? put 9 use1 until an opportunity (f]s to ?or\ghly cleanse & r5ew ! old solution1 :i* c be done by "o s]ies ( manipulations1 z ?us3 ,into a l>ge bottle1 :i* w hold ! solution to be treat$1 & some:at m1 put f a p9t to a qu>t ( wat]1 accord+ to ! quantity ( ! solution2 into ?is bottle conta9+ ! p9t ( wat]1 p\r 9 a small /ream ! :ole ( ! old solution1 :5 x w be f\nd to h turn$ to a milky :it5ess p#jcc or opalesc5ce1 :i* is ! iodide ( silv] set free by r$uc+ ! /r5g? ( ! solution2 ?is mu/ be filt]$ out1 & ! solution neutraliz$ ) bi-c>bonate ( soda1 :i* %\ld be put 91 9 small quantities until a deposit ( c>bonate ( silv] beg9s to be =m$2 !n place ! solution 9 an evaporat+ di%1 & subject to heat until ! bulk is r$uc$ ab\t "o-half2 te/ x ) litmus pap]1 & if acid1 give x m bi-c>bonate ( soda2 add wat] & silv] nitrate to br+ to ! requir$ bulk & /r5g?1 set 9 ! sunlight = a "t or until requir$ = use1 !n filt]1 & x w be f\nd to be z good z new1 b x may require a few drops ( nitric acid4 ,pure wat] may be always _h ready = use1 by keep+ a l>ge bottle full ( ! common wat] /&+ out-door 9 ! sunlight1 add+ a gra9 ( silv] f "t to "t z ! bottle is empti$ & repl5i%$4 ,! new agate iron w>e pots are ! be/ = use z evaporat+ di%es4 ,!y w n break or crack1 & !y are n ne>ly s exp5sive z porcela9 di%es4 ,,! ,,negative ,,develop]4 ,!re are a ?\s& & "o =mul = develop+ solutions = ! wet plate1 b !y are all compos$ ( protosulphate ( iron or a comp\nd !re(1 acetic acid1 & wat]1 ) ! addition ( "s organic sub/ance1 su* z sug>1 rock c&y1 glyc]9e1 etc4 etc4 ,! developm5t ( a negative is no?+ m ?an ! deposition ( metallic silv] 9 a /ate ( f9e sub-division ^u a base ( ! same metal1 :i* is ! image lat5t 9 ! collodion film aft] exposure 9 ! cam]a4 ,& x is suppos$ t ! f9] ! deposit p#jcd secur$ 9 ! developm5t ! bett] w be ! *emical effect & pr9t+ quality ( ! result+ negative4 ,!re=e1 ! use ( organic bodies 9 ! develop] is suppos$ to effect or induce a f9] deposit4 ,! c>eful obs]v]1 h[ev]1 w soon discov] t ! success ( ! developm5t dep5ds m on ! "t ( exposure1 ! temp]ature ( ! develop+ solution & ! condition ( ! ba?1 ?an ^u any adv5titi\s aids1 su* z rock c&y1 etc4 ,a develop+ solution1 compos$ alone ( an aque\s solution ( protosulphate ( iron & acetic acid1 c be made to produce ! f9e/ effects possible to ! process4 ,,develop+ ,,solution ,half fill ) protosulphate ( iron a wide m\? #fd oz4 bottle1 fill up full ) wat]1 set aside to dissolve1 %ak+ ! bottle once 9 a:ile1 s t ! wat] may become saturat$4 ,put a small glass funnel on a /&1 s t y c place "u x a #af oz4 bottle2 fill ! #af oz4 bottle ) wat] & en\gh ( ! /rong iron solution to make a tw5ty gra9 to ! ounce solution1 add "o ounce ( acetic acid1 p\r all into ! filt] & place ! bottle b5ea? ! funnel to receive x4 ,?is filt]$ solution is ! develop] = negatives4 ,"s exp]i5ce is necess>y to enable "o to develope a negative prop]ly & secure ! be/ results4 ,hold+ ! plate 9 ! left h&1 take ! develop] bottle 9 ! "r1 hold x ov] ! plate ne> ! left h&1 let ! fir/ f+] ( ! "r h& re/ aga9/ ! edge ( ! plate1 tilt ! bottle s t ! develop] w run on ! plate2 at ! same "t move p#jce ! "r h& t[>d ! o!r end ( ! plate r quickly1 lett+ ! develop] run 9 a /eady1 b n copi\s /ream2 deflect ! plate ) ! left h& at ! same "t1 s t ! solution w fl[ f y 9 su* a mann] t ! :ole surface ( ! plate may be cov]$ ) ! liquid at ne>ly ! same "t z possible4 ,n[ set d[n ! bottle & keep ! plate 9 motion1 s z to cause ! solution to h an equal action on e "p ( ! surface4 ,v soon ! image w appe> & bright51 until e "p ( ! detail comes out1 & :5 x beg9s to look z if fad+ away or becom+ less di/9ct ! developm5t is f9i%$4 ,?is c be asc]ta9$ ) m c]ta9ty at ?is "t by hold+ ! plate s z to be able to look ?r\gh x t[>d ! light1 s z to exam9e its d5sity1 rememb]+ t ! high lights %\ld be q d5se & ! m$ium %ad[s be full ( detail4 ,"o v soon le>ns to "k ! prop] d5sity4 ,! plate %\ld be n[ v ?or\ghly wa%$1 to free ! surface f ! iron be=e fix+4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 ?is manipulation to cov] ! plate quickly ) ! solution1 hold+ x all on ! plate4 ,z ! developm5t is made by ! precipitation ( ! free silv] on ! surface ( ! film ^u ! lat5t image1 none ( ! free silv] %\ld be wa%$ f ! plate by a flood ( develop+ solution c>ry+ x (f ! surface4 ,,fix+ ,,solution ,hyposulphite ( soda is g5]ally consid]$ to be ! mo/ suitable fix+ ag5t = negatives1 al?\gh "s pref] cyanide ( potassium4 p#jcf ,! hyposulphite1 h[ev]1 is ! safe/1 bo? = ! plate & = ! op]ator4 ,"o p\nd ( hyposulphite ( soda to a gallon ( wat] w make a solution ( a suitable /r5g? to cle> a negative z rapidly z is necess>y1 & x %\ld be conta9$ 9 a flat di%4 ,:5 f mu* use ! fix+ solution becomes muddy1 x %\ld be ?r[n into a suitable receptacle = liquid wa/es1 z x is ri* 9 silv]4 ,leave ! negative 9 ! fix+ solution until all ! iodide ( silv] is dissolv$ f ! film1 & no trace ( ! yell[i% deposit c be se5 by transmitt$ light4 ,:5 ! negative is ?or\ghly cle>$1 if x is f\nd t x lacks d5sity or1 9 o!r words1 is n int5se en\gh1 wa% x v c>efully to free x f e trace ( ! soda solution1 & !n proce$ to /r5g!n x 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,,int5sify+ ,,! ,,negative4 ,keep ne> at h& 9 a #fd oz4 bottle ?is solution3 ,protosulphate ( iron #b oz4 ,citric acid #a ,wat] #fd & 9 a small bottle a t5-gra9-to-!-ounce solution ( silv] nitrate4 ,:5 a negative is to be /r5g!n$1 f ! l>ge bottle take en\gh ( ! solution to cov] ! surface2 to ?is add a half dram ( ! silv] & fl[ x ov] ! negative4 ,a *ange ( color w at once take place 9 ! film1 :i* w become d>k] z ! silv] deposit becomes heavi]2 if "o application is n en\gh to secure ! requir$ d5sity1 wa% ! plate & proce$ aga91 z be=e4 p#jcg ,negatives may be /r5g!n$ be=e fix+1 if x is f\nd necess>y1 by fl[+ ! surface ) ! weak silv] solution & aft]w>ds us+ ! ord9>y develop]4 ,:5 "o has become accu/om$ to ! "w1 & c tell t ! negative is n d5se en\gh be=e fix+1 x is ! be/ plan to re-develop be=e fix+4 ,! m]curial int5sify+ solution = dry plates is v nice = wet plates4 ,hav+ describ$ ! positive & negative collodion process1 !re rema9s to give an acc\nt ( ! late/ & greate/ a*ievem5t 9 photographic progress4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,bromo ,,arg5tic ,,dry ,,plate ,,process4 ,! hi/ory ( dry plate photography comes )9 ! la/ t5 or fifte5 ye>s1 & be+ s rec5t & s fully writt5 up 9 curr5t photographic lit]ature1 space 9 ?is "w w n be tak5 = a full acc\nt ( ! rise & progress abroad & at home ( ?is wond]ful improvem5t 9 photography1 b in/ead w be giv5 "s =mul = ! prep>ation ( ,gelat9o ,arg5tic ,emulsion1 & ! mo/ approv$ me?ods ( work+ x4 ,! %ort5+ ( ! "t ( exposure = sitt+s 9 ! /udio f "o-t5? to "o-tw5tie? ( ! "t requir$ = ! old wet plate process1 at its be/1 has r5d]$ ! dry plate su* a p[] 9 ! h&s ( ! photograph] z to h caus$ x to be almo/ univ]sally adopt$ 9 ! /udios ( ?is c\ntry1 & has practically displac$ ! wet process 9 ! field & = all out-door photography4 p#jch ,,gelat9e ,,emulsion4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( ! new process into ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! prep>ation ( rapid dry plates has be5 & rema9s n[ 9 ! h&s ( c]ta9 prom95t firms1 :o1 f ! skill !y h acquir$ & ! advantages !y d]ive f all ! ma*9]y & conv5i5ces t l>ge capital enables !m to procure1 are enabl$ to supply fully ! dem& ) a mu* bett] article ?an c\ld be _h 7 ea* consum] to manufacture = himself4 ,9 fact1 if ! photograph] 7 compell$ to manufacture 8 own dry plates !re w\ld be a v diff]5t condition ( affairs at ! pres5t "t4 ,gelat9e is a sub/ance s susceptible to *ange f ! action ( our climate1 ) its v>y+ temp]ature1 t ( a l>ge numb] :o h attempt$ to make dry plates = ! trade1 _m h completely fail$1 "s ( !m aft] a p>tial success2 & o!rs aft] sp5d+ ?\s&s ( doll>s nev] c\ld make two bat*es ( emulsion alike2 & !n aga9 ! ke5 competition ( ! successful conc]ns has r$uc$ ! pr(its to n m ?an fair returns to a prec>i\s bus9ess4 ,!re are _m1 no d\bt1 :o w\ld be glad to exp]im5t 9 ?is field1 especially among amateurs1 & x is = ! b5efit ( su* t c]ta9 h9ts & =mul are giv5 9 ?is connection to enable !m to make1 if successful1 _! own plates4 ,! =mul h]e) giv5 are select$ f a l>ge numb] publi%$ 9 ! ,g]man1 ,engli% & ,am]ican j\rnals1 & :ile good dry plates may be made by ei!r ( !m1 yet x is d\btful if ! highe/ success w\ld repay ! outlay4 p#jci ,a c>eful /udy ( ! publi%$ =mul & ! curr5t lit]ature on ! subject ( ,gelat9o-,bromide ,emulsion w disclose ! g5]al pr9ciples on :i* !y are bas$4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( bromide ( ammonium or potassium 7pref]ably ammonium1 on acc\nt ( its great] uni=mity & purity7 & nitrate ( silv] are dissolv$ sep>ately1 & mix$ toge!r 9 a ?9 solution ( gelat9e1 at a mod]ately w>m temp]ature4 ,great s5sitiv5ess is obta9$ by a long exposure to ! same w>m temp]ature1 or by ! addition ( a small am\nt ( ammonia1 & rais+ ! heat to ! boil+-po9t = f a half to a full h\r2 :5 x is cool$ m gelat9e is add$ & ! :ole all[$ to congeal or set1 :5 x is r$uc$ to %r$s1 & wa%$ 9 cold wat] to remove ! excess ( ! prepond]ate salt4 ,! s5sitiv5ess ( ! emulsion is said to dep5d ^u ! f95ess ( sub-division ( ! gra9 ( ! bromide ( silv] 9 ! pres5ce ( ! gelat9e4 ,?is extreme f95ess is secur$ by long emulsification1 or by ! use ( ammonia & a boil+ heat4 ,! /r5g? & t5acity ( ! emulsion dep5d on ! quality ( ! gelat9e1 & its fre$om f det]ioration dur+ ! process ( emulsification & ! subsequ5t wa%+4 ,a s(t gelat9e is suitable = ! process ( emulsification2 aft]w>ds a h>d quality is us$ to give body & resi/ance4 ,! pres5ce ( free bromide or ( free nitrate ( silv] 9 ! f9i%$ emulsion w\ld be fatal to its usefulness2 !re=e1 z bo? ( ^? salts are easily soluble 9 wat]1 !y mu/ be got rid ( by wa%+2 consequ5tly1 be=e wa%+1 ! mass ( jelly %\ld p#jdj be induc$ by ! use ( a refrig]ator to set firm & h>d1 s t x may be brok5 up into %r$s = wa%+1 & ! small] ! %r$s ! less wa%+ !y w require4 ,( ! foll[+ =mul ! fir/ two are copi$ f ,engli% photographic ye> books1 & are believ$ to be reliable2 ! o!rs are by ,dr4 ,ed]1 ! greate/ ,g]man au?ority on gelat9e emulsion1 & !y are comp>atively simple4 ,,gelat9e ,,emulsion4 ,a4 ,,paget ,,prize4 ,,no4 #a4 ,hydro*loric acid #a dra*m ,di/ill$ wat] #ab-a_/b oz4 ,,no4 #b4 ,di/ill$ wat] #c oz4 ,bromide ,ammonium #baj gra9s ,gelat9e #ej ,tw5ty m9ims ( ,no4 #a solution are introduc$ into ! :ole ( ,no4 #b1 & ! ,gelat9e is left to swell4 ,9 ano!r glass vessel #ccj gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] are dissolv$ 9 #c ounces ( di/ill$ wat]2 a small quantity1 ab\t two fluid dra*ms1 ( ! latt] is p\r$ into a te/ tube & dilut$ ) an equal bulk ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,! solution ( ! bromo-gelat9e is !n r5d]$ complete by imm]s+ ! bottle 9 hot wat]1 & ! dilute silv] nitrate is add$ all at once4 ,! bottle is !n %ak5 & ! rema9d] ( ! /rong silv] solution add$ 9 quantities ( half an ounce at a "t1 %ak+ ! bottle z be=e aft] ea* addition4 p#jda ,! emulsion is !n boil$ = fifty-five 7#ee7 m9utes1 & :5 cool$ d[n to #ij degrees ,f41 "o ounce ( gelat9e1 :i* has be5 previ\sly swell$ & dissolv$ 9 wat] s z to measure f\r ounces1 is add$ & put away 9 a cold place to set4 ,:5 set1 squeeze ?r\gh co>se canvas into cold wat] "o half gallon & #a_/d lb4 salt2 let x rema9 = five m9utes1 !n wa% ?or\ghly4 ,! addition ( two ounces ( alcohol & en\gh wat] to make up to tw5ty ounces completes ! process4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is or any gelat9e emulsion ! "w may be c>ri$ on 9 daylight z f> z ! mix+ ( ! bromide & silv]1 :i* mu/ be done 9 a d>k room by ! aid ( a lamp or gas light %ad$ by orange or ruby glass4 ,suffici5t ( ?is non-act9ic light may be admitt$ to enable ! "w ( wa%+ ! emulsion1 & aft]w>ds ! coat+ ( ! plates1 to be c>ri$ on ) ease & com=t1 z ! emulsion :5 wet is only half z s5sitive z :5 dry4 ,,gelat9e ,,emulsion4 ,b4 ,,j>man4 ,pick$ :ite ,gum ,arabic #ge gra9s ,bromide ,ammonium #bjj ,gelat9e #aej ,wat] #aj oz4 ,nitrate ( silv] #cjj gra9s ,wat] #g-a_/b oz4 ,dissolve 9 two j>s 9 a vessel ( wat] heat$ to #adj degrees ,f41 /ir ea* solution well ) a sep>ate rod or /rip ( glass1 & :5 equally heat$ to #adj p#jdb degrees ! silv] may be p\r$ 9 a g5tle /ream into ! gelat9e gum solution by ! aid ( a safe light4 ,:5 all has be5 mix$ & ?or\ghly /irr$1 cov] ! top ( ! di% & all[ ! temp]ature to be at #adj degrees = eight h\rs1 occasionally /irr+ ! emulsion dur+ t "t1 :i* %\ld be done 9 ! d>k4 ,at ! end ( t "t !re %\ld be weigh$ out1 ( ,nelson's s(t gelat9e #bej gra9s1 & ( ,fr5* h>d gelat9e #aej gra9s4 ,?is #djj gra9s ( gelat9e mu/ n[ be add$ to ! emulsion1 & occasionally /irr$ until all ( x is ?or\ghly dissolv$ & incorporat$ ) ! emulsion1 :i* w take ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r2 x is !n p\r$ out 9 a clean #abaj deep porcela9 di% to set1 & %\ld be all[$ to set = =ty-eight h\rs1 :5 x may be wrung ?r\gh a piece ( co>se canvas & all[$ to fall into a solution ( ,common salt #a_/b lb4 ,wat] #a gallon ,let x rema9 9 ?is = five m9utes1 !n /ra9 ?r\gh a horse hair sieve & wa% x well = an h\r & a half4 ,all[ ! %r$dy emulsion to dra9 well 9 ! sieve = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r2 at ! end ( t "t place x 9 a clean /one-w>e j> to melt1 ) ! addition ( f\r dra*ms ( saturat$ solution ( nitrate ( pota% ^u melt+1 :i* may be done by sett+ ! j> into a di% ( wat] at a temp]ature ( ab\t #abj degrees ,f4 ,x w be f\nd on measurem5t to be ne>ly #be ounces ( emulsion2 z soon z x is ready = filt]+ f\r ounces ( me?ylat$ _s may be mix$ ) x1 p#jdc to :i* h be5 add$ f\r dra*ms ( an alcoholic solution ( tannic acid1 made by mix+ t5 gra9s ( tannic acid ) "o ounce ( alcohol2 ?is is to prev5t frill+4 ,! rapidity ( ! plates w be ab\t eight times t ( a wet collodion plate1 :i* = all ord9>y purposes w be z rapid z c\ld be desir$4 ,dr4 ,ed]1 ! di/+ui%$ ,g]man sci5ti/ 7:o is a great au?ority on gelat9e emulsions1 & has publi%$ a book on ?is subject71 gives ! two foll[+ =mul3 ,,gelat9e ,,emulsion4 ,c4 ,,ed]4 ,bromide potassium #d grams1 equal to #fa gra9s4 ,gelat9e #g-a_/b to #h grams1 #aae ,wat] #ej c4 c4 #a ounce4 ,nitrate ( silv] #e grams1 #gg gra9s4 ,wat] #ej c4 c4 #a ounce4 ,dissolve ! silv] 9 wat] & precipitate x ) ammonia4 ,cont9ue ! addition a few drops at a "t1 until ! br[n oxide ( silv] re-dissolves & ! liquid looks z bright z pure wat]2 ! /r5g? ( ! ammonia is immat]ial4 ,! nitrate ( silv] may be w>m$ to #ic degrees ,f41 & p\r$ into ! bromiz$ gelat9e a little at a "t1 cont9ually /irr+ ) a glass rod4 ,r9se ! silv] bottle ) #aj c4 c4 ab\t #a-a_/b dra*ms ( wat] & add x to ! emulsion1 place ! bottle conta9+ ! emulsion 9 a bas9 or saucepan ( wat] heat$ to #ij degrees ,f41 leave x !re9 f #ae to #cj m9utes )\t fur!r heat2 aft] #cj m9utes ! emulsion is ready to be congeal$ previ\s to wa%+4 ,?is emulsion nev] fogs1 b x is imp]ative t p#jdd 9 no "p ( ! progress ! temp]ature %\ld exce$ #ajj degrees ,f41 & x is a safe rule n to g beyond #ij degrees ,f4 ,x is recomm5d$ to use ,fr5* gelat9e4 ,,gelat9e ,,emulsion4 ,d4 ,,ed]4 ,bromide ( potassium #fa gra9s4 ,gelat9e #aae ,wat] #a oz4 7plus7 ,! bromide ( potassium mu/ be pure & n alkal9e1 ditto ! gelat9e4 ,! bromiz$ gelat9e mu/ be melt$ at #adj to #afj degrees1 & !n add #gg gra9s ( silv] nitrate 9 "o ounce 7plus7 ( wat]4 ,! silv] may be w>m$ to ! same temp]ature z ! gelat9e1 b ?is is immat]ial4 ,r9se ! silv] bottle ) ?ree dra*ms ( wat] & add x to ! emulsion4 ,! bottle ) ! emulsion is n[ put 9 a saucepan p>tly fill$ ) hot wat]1 cov]$ to exclude all light1 & ! wat] 9 ! saucepan set boil+1 :i* %\ld be cont9u$ = #be to #cj m9utes1 !n bo? wat] & emulsion cool$ d[n to #ij degrees ,f41 !n add #cdj m9ims ( ammonia1 /irr+ x ?or\ghly ?r\gh ! emulsion1 :i* %\ld be left = f #cj to #dj m9utes at a heat ( #ij degrees ,f41 !n x is ready to set & wa%4 ,dr4 ,ed] says ?is la/ is quick] & bett] = portraits4 ,,description ,,( ,,app>atus ,,us$ ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,& ,,wa%+ ,,emulsions4 ,,! ,,d>k ,,*amb]4 ,any =m ( room t has runn+ wat] 9 x1 if !re is a w9d[1 ! bett]1 unless ! "w is done p#jde at night4 ,if 9 ! daytime1 %ade ! w9d[ ) heavy r$ orange pap]2 if gas is us$1 %ade ! flame ) a ruby globe or *imney1 & cut a piece ( t9 to fit 9 ! pipe bel[ ! burn] to cut (f rays ( light fall+ ?r\gh bottom op5+ ( globe or *imney4 ,if !re is no gas pur*ase a dry plate lant]n4 ,emulsion 9 ! jelly & :5 wet on ! plates is only half z s5sitive z :5 dry1 s t x is n necess>y to di/ress "o's self work+ 9 ! d>k4 ,:5 ! silv] & bromide are br\ght toge!r & mix$1 x %\ld be done 9 ?is d>k room4 ,! solutions are p\r$ into a glaz$ e>!nw>e bottle1 :i* c be tightly cork$4 ,:5 x is requir$ t ! emulsion %\ld be heat$1 put ! bottle into a t9 pail1 fill ! pail ) hot wat] & put on ! cov] & heat 9 any conv5i5t mann]2 :5 x is necess>y to exam9e ! emulsion1 remove ! pail & cont5ts to ! d>k room4 ,a !rmomet] = te/+ heat 9 liquids %\ld be us$ to regulate ! temp]ature4 ,a deep porcela9 tray is ! be/ di% = hold+ ! emulsion1 :ile x sets previ\s to wa%+4 ,to prev5t ! emulsion f adh]+ to ! tray x may be wax$ c>efully1 b leave no surplus2 :5 ! emulsion has set z firmly z x w1 x may be cut up into v small squ>es = wa%+1 b probably ! be/ way is to squeeze x ?r\gh ! me%es ( v co>se canvas1 su* z ladies use = embroid]+ on ) wool4 ,! %r$s may be p]mitt$ to fall into a f9e horsehair sieve plac$ 9 a pan ( v cold wat] & all[$ to soak = a "t1 :5 ! sieve may be rais$1 & ! wat] w 9 a %ort "t dra9 away p#jdf f ! %r$s4 ,?is may be repeat$ until ! wat]1 :5 te/$ ) silv] solution1 gives no precipitate ( bromide4 ,aft] ! emulsion is wa%$ x mu/ be melt$ & filt]$ be=e x c be us$ to coat plates4 ,^! manipulations mu/ be p]=m$ 9 ! d>k room4 ,= melt+ ! emulsion use a small oil /ove plac$ 9 a t9 box1 ! op5 side plac$ to ! wall2 set ! di% conta9+ ! emulsion on ! t9 box ov] ! heat2 or1 a m p]fect arrangem5t is to take a t9 or %eet iron bake-pan1 make a hole ?r\gh ! bottom ne> "o end1 & into ! hole fix & sold] a t9 funnel1 into :i* y c put a glass funnel t w hold a p9t or m2 set ?is pan on ! t9 box conta9+ ! oil or gas /ove1 ! end ( ! pan conta9+ ! funnel project+ ov] ! t9 box t[>ds y2 fill ! pan ) hot wat]1 :i* ! heat ( ! /ove b5ea? w keep hot2 into x set ! di% conta9+ ! emulsion to be heat$ or melt$2 :5 t has tak5 place p\r into ! funnel to filt]1 ?r\gh loose absorb5t cotton or a ?9 piece ( *amois sk9 or flannel1 z y pref]2 ! funnel w be kept w>m by ! hot wat] 9 ! pan surr\nd+ x4 ,filt] into a pit*] ) a lip suitable = p\r+ f1 or a small e>!nw>e teapot w\ld be bett]4 ,y w\ld be us+ ! emulsion f ! bottom1 & ?us avoid air bubbles2 :5 all is filt]$ set ! pit*] or pot into ! hot wat] to keep ( an ev5 temp]ature4 ,,to ,,prep>e ,,! ,,glass4 ,soak ! glass 9 /rong lye or pota% = a "t1 !n wa% c>efully & put into acid1 !n wa% p#jdg aga9 & album5ize ) ! :ite ( "o egg to six ounces ( wat] )\t ammonia4 ,! plates %\ld be slightly w>m :5 be+ coat$4 ,,coat+ ,,! ,,plates4 ,hold ! plate 9 ! left h&1 z y w\ld = coat+ ) collodion1 fl[ ) emulsion z y w\ld ) collodion1 lett+ ! surplus fl[ (f ! "r h& l[] corn]1 b d n let m ?an ! gross surplus run (f2 reta9 en\gh to make a r ?ick film2 n[ move ! plate s z to facilitate an ev5 di/ribution ( ! film1 !n set ! plate on ! level$ cool+ table4 ,,! ,,cool+ ,,table4 ,?is table %\ld be a l>ge slab ( m>ble or slate ) a p]fectly pla9 & level surface2 be=e us+ x %\ld be cool$ by plac+ ice or a refrig]at+ solution on x4 ,! coat$ plates are laid on ?is level table1 :]e ! cold soon *ills ! emulsion1 caus+ x to set1 :5 !y may be set up 9 racks & plac$ 9 ! dry+ room or box1 :]e 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 if ! conditions are favorable1 !y w dry & are !n ready = use4 ,,! ,,dry+ ,,room4 ,! dry+ room1 or box1 z ! case may be1 mu/ be kept cool1 & if any curr5t ( air is induc$ x %\ld be cool & con/ant1 s t ! dry+ may proce$ ) p]fect regul>ity until ! process is complete4 ,%\ld ! dry+ by any means be *eck$ a l9e w be =m$ on ! plate1 %[+ :]e ! dry+ /opp$ = ! "t4 ,plates may be dri$ by a curr5t ( w>m air1 b p#jdh !y are mu* m likely to frill dur+ developm5t2 & a v little heat w melt ! coat+4 ,if ! plates are dri$ by an induc$ curr5t ( air1 ! process may be ha/5$ by plac+ di%es1 fill$ ) *loride ( calcium1 9 ! air passage to ! dry+ box or room4 ,! *loride w absorb all ! moi/ure f ! air pass+ ov] x1 & ! dry air w take up ! moi/ure f ! plates4 ,:5 ! *loride ( calcium becomes too damp = fur!r use1 place ! di%es conta9+ x 9 an ov5 & drive (f ! moi/ure by heat1 :5 ! dry calcium may be aga9 us$4 ,by employ+ su* means ! plates may be dri$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,aft] ! plates h become dry1 !y %\ld be pack$ 9 good light-tight boxes & kept 9 a dry room until want$ = use4 ,,develop+ ,,room ,,= ,,dry ,,plates4 ,dry plates1 rang+ 9 rapidity f "o-t5? to "o-tw5tie? ! "t necess>y = a wet collodion plate1 are n[ commonly us$ 9 ! /udios ( ?is c\ntry4 ,( c\rse1 plates ( su* extreme s5sitiv5ess require great c>e 9 h&l+1 & absolute fre$om f any umprem$itat$ exposure to :ite light is necess>y to _! successful use4 ,x is !re=e necess>y t ! d>k room %\ld be remodell$ to suit ! requirem5ts necess>y to ! successful h&l+ ( su* extremely rapid plates1 & 9 ?is connection x is propos$ to describe ! necess>y *anges & alt]ations4 ,any ord9>y d>k room may ) little exp5se be fitt$ = dry plate "w4 ,fir/ see t e *9k or crevice :i* might admit :ite light is /opp$ or p#jdi fill$ up1 !n fit ! door or doors s t !y w %ut tight & rema9 clos$4 ,= conv5i5ce ( access to ! room :ile "w is proce$+1 & = great] safety1 x is well to erect a small por* or ante-room at ea* door1 ! entrance to :i* %\ld be at "r angles ) ! d>k room door4 ,! door to ?is por* & ! d>k room door %\ld be fitt$ ) spr+s to keep !m clos$4 ,) ?is arrangem5t "o c h access to ! d>k room at any "t by clos+ "o door be=e op5+ ! o!r4 ,if ! d>k room is light$ by a w9d[1 x %\ld be glaz$ ) d>k r$ orange glass1 & if ! exposure is t[>d ! sun1 x %\ld be %ad$ ) a gre5 or ruby color$ %ade on a spr+ roll]4 ,if ! sun nev] %9es 9 ! w9d[1 ! %ade is n necess>y4 ,if ! room is light$ by artificial light1 ! be/ way is to cut an op5+ 9 ! wall or p>tition at ! mo/ conv5i5t place1 make a frame to fit or cov] ?is op5+1 t w raise or slide1 glaze x ) r$ orange glass4 ,on a %elf outside ! op5+ place y\r gas-burn] or lamp1 ) a l>ge reflector beh9d1 s z to reflect all ! light ?r\gh ! glass into ! room4 ,if gas is us$ on ! outside an arg& burn] w be ! be/1 ) a common :ite glass *imney = ord9>y "w1 b = ! mo/ s5sitive plates a light gre5 or ?9 ruby *imney w be absolutely safe4 ,if a k]os5e lamp is us$1 ! common :ite *imney ) full flame w be safe2 & be+ outside1 ! room w n be heat$ by its flame1 nor r5d]$ (f5sive by its smoke & odor4 ,9 front ( ! w9d[ or ( ! artificial light1 p#jej erect a %elf or place a small table ) a level top1 :i* w support ! develop+ di%es & bottles ( develop+ solution1 & on :i* ! "w ( developm5t may be c>ri$ on4 ,if ! room is s situat$ t nei!r w9d[ nor gas may be us$ 9 ! mann] sugge/$1 !n procure ,c>butt's ,develop+ ,lant]n1 :i* is a mo/ conv5i5t lant]n1 n only = develop+1 b = o!r purposes4 ,see figure4 ,! d>k room %\ld be suppli$ ) runn+ wat]1 & ! m g5]\s ! supply1 ! bett]1 z a dry plate requires mu* wa%+1 & a l>ge /ream w d ! "w mu* quick] ?an a small "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wa%+ ,,box4 ,9 _m in/ances1 h[ev]1 :]e runn+ wat] may n be _h1 ! wa%+ box may be us$ ) advantage4 ,if runn+ wat] is us$1 be c>eful n to use too mu* pressure2 by atta*+ a rubb] hose to ! faucet & pass+ x ov] a nail or hook above1 ! pressure may be r$uc$ s t a full b g5tle /ream falls ^u ! plate4 ,safe closets %\ld be provid$ to conta9 all sizes ( plates2 or ! new p#jea made by ,an?ony ,co41 may be us$ in/ead1 bo? = unexpos$ & = expos$ plates await+ developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,negative ,,boxes1 ,illu/ration3 ,,japann$ ,,iron ,,develop+ ,,tray1 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,glass ,,trays1 ,illu/ration3 ,,glass ,,bottom ,,dry ,,plate ,,develop+ ,,trays4 ,! d>k room %\ld be suppli$ ) ! necess>y app>atus1 su* z develop+ trays1 :i* are ( japann$ t91 ( glass or india rubb]2 see cuts1 ,,japann$ ,,iron ,,develop+ ,,tray1 ,,an?ony',s ,,glass ,,trays1 or ! pat5t$ article1 ! ,,glass ,,bottom ,,dry ,,plate ,,develop+ ,,trays1 p#jeb & also ! di%es to conta9 ! fix+ solutions1 :i* may be trays or upright1 l silv]-ba? di%es4 ,,! ,,common ,,s5se ,,tray is a capital di% to conta9 ! hypo & cle>+ solutions & is n exp5sive1 & c be _h ( all sizes4 ,all ^! di%es %\ld be kept scrupul\sly clean :5 n 9 use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,common ,,s5se ,,tray4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,graduate4 ,!re %\ld be ,graduates ( ! #af oz4 & ! #h oz4 sizes1 & also a m9im glass measur+ up to p#jec "o fluid ounce1 also "o or m ( ,an?ony's ,comb9$ ,funnel & ,filt]1 = filt]+ ! v>i\s solutions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,comb9$ ,,funnel ,,& ,,filt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fold+ ,,negative ,,rack4 ,!re %\ld be glass-/opp]$ bottles = conta9+ ! develop+ solutions1 especially ! pyro2 also racks to hold ! plates :ile dry+2 "o f9ely adju/$ scale ) apo!c>y weights weigh+ to a #a_/d lb42 "o camel's hair-bru%1 #c in*es wide1 = du/+ ! plates be=e p#jed putt+ !m 9 ! hold]s = exposure1 & also = remov+ s$im5t f ! surface ( ! film aft] fix+ & wa%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,camel',s ,,hair ,,du/]s4 ,?us fitt$ & furni%$1 ! d>k room is ready & well adapt$ = ! mo/ difficult dry plate "w1 & we w n[ proce$ to ! consid]ation ( ! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,dry ,,plates4 ,e manufactur] ( dry plates encloses 9 ea* box ( plates pack$ = ! m>ket a =mula = ! developm5t ( ! same4 ,! v>i\s manufactur]s ( dry plates1 ^: names w be f\nd 9 ! adv]tis+ pages 9 ?is book1 ea* h a =mula :i* 9 "s respects diff]s f all ! o!rs1 & x is b fair to ! mak] ( ! plate1 t 8 =mula %\ld be us$1 unless ! op]ator is ( mu* exp]i5ce & und]/&s ! requirem5ts ( ea* p>ticul> k9d ( plate4 ,!re=e1 :ile =mul are giv5 9 ?is connection1 al?\gh !y are kn[n to be ( ! be/1 yet 9 ! h&s ( inexp]i5ce !y may result to no bett] advantage ?an ! =mula appropriate to ! plate us$2 consequ5tly1 we d n urge _! use above any o!r1 b r t to :i* ! op]ator is mo/ accu/om$4 ,! alkal9e pyro develop] is n[ 9 g5]al use among pr(essional photograph]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 & !re rema9s no d\bt t x is ! be/ develop+ ag5t = dry plates t has yet be5 br\ght into use4 ,?is develop] is compos$ ( pyrogallic acid & p#jee an alkali1 ei!r ammonia1 sal soda1 or c>bonate ( pota%1 :i*1 9 solution & ( prop] /r5g?1 =ms ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! pyro is appli$4 ,to ^! is add$ bromide ( potassium or ammonium1 :i* is ! re/ra9]1 & occupies ab\t ! same position or p]=ms ! same function z acetic acid 9 ! wet plate develop]1 & besides be+ a re/ra9] x greatly aids 9 secur+ int5sity & pr9t+ quality2 & :5 plates are ov]tim$ 9 exposure its prompt use may result 9 secur+ a good negative4 ,"s plates require d\ble ! quantity ( pyro t o!rs d to produce ! same quality ( negative4 ,aft] asc]ta9+ ! normal am\nt ( pyro necess>y to develop plates ( a c]ta9 make1 if x is desir$ to increase int5sity add m pyro1 if y\r plate is develop+ too int5se or h>d add m ( ! alkali4 ,,dry ,,plate ,,develop]1 ,a4 ,no4 #a4 ,c>bonate ( ,soda 7,sal7 #a lb4 ,c>bonate ( ,pota% #a lb4 ,yell[ ,prussiate ( ,pota% #a oz4 ,bromide ( ,ammonium #a oz4 ,wat] #fd oz4 ,no4 #b4 ,pyrogallic ,acid #a oz4 ,saturat$ ,solution ,sulphite ,soda #ae oz4 ,keep ,no4 #b 9 glass-/opp]$ bottle4 ,to develop "o #haj plate1 take ( ,no4 #a #a dr4 ,no4 #b #a_/b dr4 ,wat] #f oz4 ,put ! expos$ plate into ! develop+ tray & p#jef p\r ! solution ^u x1 mak+ sure t all p>ts ( ! plate are cov]$1 & no air bubbles fix$ to ! surface2 keep ! di% 9 motion & 9 a %ort "t ! image w beg9 to appe>2 if prop]ly tim$ ! high lights w %[ up promptly1 & 9 due "t all p>ts w appe>1 & :5 detail is se5 9 ! %ad[s take ! plate f ! di% & exam9e x by transmitt$ light4 ,note ! gradations ( light & %ade2 if !y appe> prop]ly balanc$1 ! plate has be5 prop]ly tim$ 9 exposure4 ,return ! plate to ! di% & let ! developm5t proce$ until ! image s9ks well into ! film & y see no?+ v cle>ly z x lies b ! blacks4 ,"t is necess>y 9 ?is process to secure en\gh int5sity1 & ?is /age is ! mo/ difficult 9 ! process1 !re be+ no means by :i* to judge ) any degree ( c]ta9ty ! d5sity ( ! image be=e y4 ,x is bett] !n to proce$ too f> ?an n f> en\gh1 z a sl[ pr9t+ negative is f> bett] ?an "o t is too ?9 & weak4#a #a ,^! directions apply to all dry plates except ! ,/anley1 :i* c be develop$ to any requir$ d5sity at sight1 & loses none 9 ! fix+ solution4 ,:5 ! image has sunk pretty well into ! film exam9e x aga9 by look+ ?r\gh x1 & note well its appe>ance1 s t if x is ab\t "r :5 fix$ y may rememb] h[ x appe>$ if y wi% to increase or dim9i% ! int5sity ( y\r next plate4 ,if ! plate has be5 ov]tim$ x w %[ up quickly1 almo/ at once2 :5 su* is ! case quickly p\r (f ! develop] & fl[ ! plate ) wat]1 wa%+ x well1 !n prep>e m develop] ) ne>ly d\ble ! am\nt ( pyro & a few drops ( a p#jeg /rong solution ( bromide ( ammonium1 :i* add to ! #f oz4 ( wat] & p\r on ! plate2 !n take half ! usual quantity ( ! ,no4 #a solution 9 a graduate & p\r x1 a few drops at a "t1 into ! develop+ tray1 wat*+ ! action closely & keep+ ! solution 9 motion4 ,! negative at ?is "t probably %[s all ! detail ( ! subject1 b )\t any gradation ( int5sity4 ,if ! *anges j describ$ h be5 made promptly y w soon obs]ve t ! high lights w beg9 to ga9 9 /r5g?4 ,keep up ! action by add+ m ( ! alkali1 drop by drop1 until y c proce$ no f>!r4 ,! *ances are t y w secure a pr9table negative1 b n a v good "o2 & if x is a portrait ! be/ ?+ to d is to ?r[ x away & make a new "o4 ,! plate %\ld n[ be v c>efully wa%$ previ\s to fix+4 ,%\ld ! film %[ signs ( loos5+ f ! edges ( ! glass & swell s z to =m folds or frills1 take x f ! wat] & imm]se x 9 a solution ( alum1 :i* w h>d5 ! film & /op ! frill+4 ,!n wa% ! film aga9 & put x 9 ! ,,fix+ ,,solution4 ,hyposulphite ( ,soda #a lb4 ,alum #a_/d lb4 ,wat] #a gal4 ,:5 ! soda & alum are dissolv$ let x /& until all s$im5t settles to ! bottom1 !n p\r (f ! cle> solution & use x to fix until f mu* use x becomes black & turbid1 !n make up & use a fre% solution4 p#jeh ,! plate %\ld be left 9 ! fix+ solution = fully five m9utes aft] x appe>s ?or\ghly cle>$1 !n take x out & wa% until all traces ( hypo are remov$4 ,if ! plate has n previ\sly be5 9 ! alum solution x may n[ be put 9 ! ,,cle>+ ,,solution4 ,alum #a_/b lb4 ,citric ,acid #b oz4 ,wat] #a_/b gal4 ,keep ?is solution 9 a flat di%1 & aft] ! plate has be5 wa%$ f ! hypo put x 9 ?is solution = two or ?ree m9utes2 if !re are any rema9+ traces ( hypo 9 ! film x w be decompos$1 ! film w be h>d5$ & fre$ f color2 :5 ?is is accompli%$ wa% aga9 & set ! plate up to dry4 ,:ile ! alkal9e pyro develop] is ! be/ & gives ! f9e/ pr9t+ quality to negatives1 !re are _m :o pref] 7= o!r reasons7 ! ,,f]r\s ,,oxalate ,,develop]4 ,no4 #a4 ,neutral oxalate ( pota% #a lb4 ,wat] #e p9ts4 ,acidify ) oxalic acid & filt]4 ,no4 #b4 ,protosulphate ( iron #a lb4 ,wat] #b qu>ts4 ,filt] & add #fj drops sulphuric acid4 ,no4 #c4 ,bromide ( ,ammonium #a oz4 ,wat] #aj oz4 ,! develop] is prep>$ by mix+ toge!r 9 a p#jei graduate ! quantity necess>y to cov] ! plate 9 ! foll[+ proportions3 ,oxalate solution #c p>ts4 ,iron solution #a "p4 ,bromide solution #a_/h "p4 ,= in/ance1 x w take ab\t #h ounces to cov] an #hx#aj plate 9 a flat di%2 to make ?is quantity take ( ! ,oxalate #f oz4 ,iron #b oz4 ,bromide #b drs4 ,always p\r ! iron into ! oxalate solution1 !n add ! bromide1 & hav+ plac$ ! expos$ plate 9 ! di% p\r ! develop] ^u x1 cov]+ ! surface ( ! plate z quickly z possible & remov+ any air bells t may /ick to ! surface4 ,keep ! solution 9 motion on ! surface ( ! plate & 9 a %ort "t ! image w beg9 to appe>1 ! high lights fir/1 !n ! int]m$iate %ades1 la/ ( all detail w be se5 9 ! %ad[s4 ,n[ p\r ! develop] (f1 take ! plate out ( ! tray & look at ! back ( x4 ,if ! subject or image c be di/9ctly se5 x may be consid]$ f9i%$ & only ne$s to be wa%$ & fix$4 ,if ! plate has be5 ov]-expos$1 :i* w be indicat$ by ! image appe>+ quickly1 wa% (f ! develop] ) wat]1 add m bromide to ! solution & imm]se ! plate aga94 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! plate has n _h en\gh "t1 x w be indicat$ by develop+ v sl[ly & ) a v ?9 & weak image2 :5 su* is ! case add m ( ! iron solution1 h[ev]1 n m ?an to make ! proportion ( ! iron ne>ly p#jfj "o-f\r? ( ! :ole solution4 ,m ?an ?is proportion w cause a yell[ precipitate1 :i* w settle on ! surface ( ! film & de/roy x4 ,if by ?is c\rse y succe$ 9 secur+ suffici5t detail 9 ! %ad[s1 ! negative may aft]w>ds be /r5g!n$4 ,x is z well1 h[ev]1 :5 a plate is f\nd to be und]tim$ 7& x is possible to make ano!r f ! same subject7 to ?r[ x away2 x w sc>cely repay fur!r att5tion4 ,x w be se5 t a consid]able m>g9 9 "t ( exposure c be all[$ & provid$ =4 ,yet none ! less x is ( ! utmo/ importance to le>n to give ! correct & prop] exposure to secure ! f9e/ results4 ,?is1 x is true1 is n always possible1 & z an "u-expos$ plate is lo/1 any error 9 exposure w\ld bett] be 9 too mu* r ?an 9 too little "t4 ,x is said by "s t by ! use ( citrate ( soda almo/ any degree ( ov]-exposure may be rem$i$1 b !re rema9s ! fact t = a re/ra9+ ag5t to be ( any value its application to a negative 9 developm5t mu/ be almo/ in/antane\s ^u ! e>lie/ discov]y ( ! ov]-exposure4 ,:5 a l>ge numb] ( plates h be5 expos$ & ! fir/ develop$ indicates t all h be5 ov]tim$1 !n a #ej p] c5t4 solution ( citrate ( soda1 us$ ) judgm5t1 might result 9 sav+ ! lot4 ,:5 ov]-tim+ makes itself visible unexpect$ly & x is fe>$ t ! developm5t w h proce$$ too f> be=e ! ret>d] c act1 a good plan is to take ! plate out ( ! di% & fl[ ov] x a solution ( citric acid1 conta9+ a little *rome alum1 p#jfa :i* w imm$iately /op ! action ( ! develop] & give "t to make o!r arrangem5ts4 ,,ammonia ,,pyro ,,develop]4 ,no4 #a4 ,pyrogallic acid #a oz4 ,alcohol #d oz4 ,no4 #b4 ,wat] #fj oz4 ,bromide ( ammonium #fj grs4 ,/rong liquor ammonia #b drs4 ,to use1 take ( ,no4 #a or pyro solution #a dr4 ,no4 #b or ammonia solution #aj oz4 ,?is w be en\gh to develop ?ree or f\r #haj plates1 if !y are prop]ly tim$4 ,! above is "o ( ! be/ =ms ( ammonia pyro develop]2 x gives negatives ( v f9e quality4 ,_m dry plates1 on developm5t ) ammonia & pyro1 %[ a gre5 fog by reflect$ light1 & a p9k or r$ fog by transmitt$ light2 ?is fog does n mat]ially injure ! pr9t+ quality ( ! plate1 b spoils its appe>ance to ! eye1 & = t reason _m e/abli%m5ts h giv5 up ! use ( ammonia & 9 its place use soda or pota%4 ,,int5sification ,,( ,,dry ,,plate ,,negatives4 ,f ! difficulty ( judg+ :5 ! developm5t has rea*$ ! "r po9t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! opacity ( ! gelat9e film1 _m negatives are f9i%$ be=e !y h acquir$ suffici5t d5sity 9 developm5t4 ,z a result ( ?is1 mu* att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! discov]y & prep>ation ( r$evelop+ or int5sify+ solutions1 _m =mul p#jfb = :i* h be5 publi%$2 among ! be/ are ! foll[+3 ,,int5sify+ ,,solution4 ,a4 ,bi*loride ( ,m]cury #abj gra9s4 ,dissolv$ 9 hot wat] #af oz4 ,add to ?is a /rong solution ( ,iodide ( ,potassium drop by drop1 until ! r$ precipitate beg9s to r$issolve1 !n add a few gra9s ( hyposulphite ( ,soda1 or en\gh to cle> ! liquid4 ,:5 requir$ = use p\r "p ( ?is solution into a tray ( a suitable size = ! plate1 add an equal am\nt ( wat]1 !n imm]se ! plate & keep ! solution 9 motion4 ,y w imm$iately notice a *ange 9 ! color ( ! film2 take ! plate out1 & if x has ga9$ en\gh /r5g?1 wa% x & set x up to dry2 if n1 give x m4 ,x is prop] to /ate t ?is process is m effective if ! plate has be5 dri$ aft] developm5t4 ,:5 ! plate has be5 ?or\ghly fix$ & fully wa%$1 x w int5sify by ?is me?od1 )\t *ange ( color by transmitt$ light1 & x w h secur$ a lovely pr9t+ quality r>ely se5 ev5 9 ! mo/ p]fect negatives4 ,?is solution may be us$ until x is exhau/$4 ,,ro*e',s ,,int5sifi]4 ,b4 ,wat] #aj oz4 ,sulphate ( ,copp] #ajj gra9s4 ,bromide ( ,potassium #ajj ,:5 dissolv$1 ?is solution is ready = application & c be us$ repeat$ly4 ,! negative1 aft] fix+ & wa%+1 is imm]s$ 9 ! solution until x turns :ite4 p#jfc ,n[ remove x & wa% slightly1 !n imm]se x 9 old f]r\s oxalate develop] & all[ x to rema9 until x becomes black entirely ?r\gh ! film4 ,?is me?od gives f9e results & good pr9t+ color4 ,,practicalities4 ,=m ! habit ( notic+ c>efully ! int5sity ( ! illum9ation ( ! subject on ! gr\nd glass ( ! cam]a1 s z to judge correctly ! "t ( exposure1 z mu* ( ! successful work+ ( dry plates dep5ds on ! exposure2 = al?\gh slightly "u-expos$ or mu* ov]-expos$ plates may by suitable modification ( ! develop] be sav$ & pr9t good pictures1 yet !y w lack ! gl[ & balance t are *>act]i/ic ( ! mo/ p]fect "w4 ,use a flat camel's-hair bru% to remove any du/ f ! plate1 be=e putt+ x 9 ! %ield = exposure4 ,always keep y\r develop+ solution 9 motion on ! plate4 ,fix y\r negative v ?or\ghly2 leave x 9 ! hypo #e or #f m9utes long] ?an x is app>5tly necess>y4 ,nev] use hypo aft] x becomes discolor$ or turbid & deposits a s$im5t4 ,develop long] ?an y ?9k necess>y2 a sl[ pr9t+ negative is pref]able to a weak "o4 ,keep y\r d>k room & its cont5ts v clean & free f du/1 & well v5tilat$4 ,,ret\*+1 ,,or ,,/ippl+ ,,! ,,negative4 ,no photographic e/abli%m5t 9 ^! days is consid]$ to be well equipp$ t does n employ a skillful ret\*] & provide all ! app>atus & p#jfd conv5i5ces = ! prop] p]=mance ( ?is v important bran* ( ! art4 ,x is )9 ! memory ( _m photograph]s :5 ?is "w ( ret\*+ 0 done on ! positive1 & "s e/abli%m5ts 7 compell$ to employ a l>ge =ce ( skill$ h&s to "w up & f9i% ! crude productions ( ! cam]a & ! pr9t+ frame4 ,aft] ! introduction ( ! c>te de visite portrait1 & lat] ! ,imp]ial c>d1 & ! consequ5t r$uction 9 price1 ! exp5se ( ?is "w became su* a bur!n to photograph]s t !y 7 compell$ to p]fect _! me*anical op]ations to ! utmo/ ext5t1 & by e means to endeavor to avoid x4 ,x occurr$ !n to "s "o ( ! ret\*+ arti/s to d ?is "w ^u ! negative once = all1 & f ?is beg9n+ ! art ( ret\*+ ! negative has rea*$ its pres5t high position4 ,ret\*+1 l /ippl+ or hat*+ 9 m9iature1 is a "w ( art1 skill 9 :i* is ga9$ only by assidu\s practice controll$ by good ta/e1 & x is ! special "w ( ! arti/ & n ( ! photograph]4 ,:ile !n x is n consid]$ wise = ! photograph] to be 8 own ret\*] any m ?an x is = e man to be 8 own lawy] or doctor1 yet e photograph] %\ld "k en\gh ab\t ! art & practice ( ret\*+ to appreciate good "w & to detect ! bad4 ,& = t reason he %\ld make a /udy ( x bo? f ! arti/ic & ! me*anical po9ts ( view4 ,by su* a c\rse ( /udy he w le>n to produce t quality ( negative t w require ! lea/ am\nt ( improvem5t at ! h&s ( ! ret\*]4 p#jfe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,! "w ( ret\*+ requires c]ta9 appliances to facilitate x1 & its own special room or ateli]4 ,a small well-v5tilat$ room hav+ a w9d[ ) a nor!rn exposure is ! be/ adapt$ = ?is "w4 ,?is room %\ld be suppli$ ) ! necess>y conv5i5ces1 su* z ! ret\*+ /& or frame1 :i* 9 its e>li] =m is z repres5t$ 9 ,fig #a1 b :i*1 aft] a "t1 became mu* improv$ ^u2 "o =m ( improvem5t is %[n 9 ,fig4 #b1 b nei!r ( ^! =ms became univ]sally us$1 z _m arti/s fa%ion$ _! /&s or frames to suit _! individual p#jff ta/e or ! requirem5ts ( _! room or light4 ,! m>* ( improvem5t1 h[ev]1 is nev] delay$ by su* a condition ( affairs1 & 0 n 9 ?is case4 ,x became necess>y on ! "p ( ^? int]e/$ 9 ! manufacture ( su* app>atus to produce some?+ t %\ld meet all requirem5ts1 & ?is has inde$ be5 accompli%$ by ! production ( ! desk repres5t$ 9 ,fig #c1 :i* is call$ ! ,novel ,ret\*+ ,desk & is suitable = any size ( negative "u #becj2 x has a false top :i* c be pull$ d[n to d>k5 ! space 9 front ( ! gr\nd glass cut out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,! b$ on :i* ! negative is laid c be set at any incl9ation to suit ! conv5i5ce ( ! arti/4 ,by means ( ! slide-re/ ! negative may be mov$ up or d[n to any desir$ position4 ,x is h&somely made 9 h>d wood1 & w\ld be q an ornam5t to any ret\*]'s room4 p#jfg ,next 9 importance w\ld be a v>ni%+ table1 a small table or b5* suppli$ ) a gas or oil /ove4 ,see ,figs4 #d & #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,common ,,gas ,,/ove ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,oil ,,/ove4 ,also ,an?ony's ret\*+ v>ni% & v>ni% pot4 ,see ,fig #f1 page #fh4 ,a t9 pot z %[n 9 cut1 ) a filt] & funnel 9 top2 rubb] /opp] 9 sp\t4 ,! ret\*]'s room %\ld also be suppli$ ) ,fab]'s ,sib]ian leads1 full set1 ,eagle lead p5cils1 ,metallic leads1 ,camel's hair p5cil bru%es1 ,camel's hair bl5d]1 ,gu5!r ,wagn]'s ret\* colors1 ,india ink1 ,wat] colors1 blue1 :ite & r$1 ,a co>se %>p5+ /one1 ,f9e em]y pap]4 p#jfh ,! pr9cipal "w ( ret\*+1 ! /ippl+ ( ! face1 neck & %\ld]s :5 b>e1 & ! h&s1 is done ) ,graphite or metallic leads1 & directly ^u ! v>ni%$ or film surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,pe]less ,,v>ni% ,,pot ,,& ,,filt]]4 ,! gelat9e emulsion film is /rong en\gh to take ! p5cil )\t v>ni%1 & _m pref] to ret\* & ev5 to pr9t !m be=e v>ni%+2 b x is pretty g5]ally conc$$ t gelat9e negatives w receive ! p5cil bett] :5 v>ni%$4 p#jfi ,be=e v>ni%+ a gelat9e plate1 heat x z mu* z x w be>1 s z to drive (f all moi/ure f ! film1 !n let x cool to ! prop] temp]ature be=e apply+ ! v>ni%4 ,if ! v>ni% us$ is too smoo? or h>d to take ! p5cil1 a bett] too? may be giv5 x by ! application delicately1 to ! p>ts to be ret\*$ only1 ( a solution ( ros9 9 turp5t9e1 :i* %\ld be all[$ to /& & dry an h\r or s be=e ! ret\*+ is done4 ,! "w ( ret\*+ is v try+ to ! eyes2 great pa9s %\ld !re=e be tak5 to asc]ta9 ! mo/ favorable conditions ( light & di/ance "u :i* to "w4 ,a negative %\ld be kept at "o angle & /ation>y :ile be+ ret\*$4 ,!re %\ld be z little lead us$ on a negative z is consi/5t ) good "w2 make e t\* tell to "s purpose4 ,note c>efully ! way ! subject is light$1 & let ! effect ( ! /ippl+ be 9 t direction2 y w ?us be less likely to *ange ! "* or lik5ess ( ! face4 ,! lights & %ad[s %\ld be caus$ to bl5d imp]ceptibly2 ?is w give a h>moni\s effect4 ,let ! gra9 or /ipple be se5 9 all p>ts suitable 9 f95ess to ! size ( ! head4 ,! ref9em5ts ( negative ret\*+ _c be taught 9 books1 al?\gh mu* has be5 writt5 conc]n+ ! same4 ,try to light y\r subject & develop y\r negative s z to get ! utmo/ r\ndness or relief2 !n be c>eful n to de/roy ?is model+1 b improve p#jgj x by ret\*+1 only do+ s mu* "w z to give a s(t1 clean-look+ complexion4 ,pati5t p]sev]ance1 close obs]vation & try+ aga91 w br+ a c]ta9 degree ( success1 & :ile only ! few c become fir/-class ret\*]s all may le>n to improve _! "w by ?is great help to photography4 ,,silv] ,,pr9t+4 ,x 0 long ago said t silv] pr9t+ 0 doom$1 t 9 a few m ye>s x w\ld be among ! ?+s t 74 ,o!r processes h be5 introduc$1 h _h _! little day & h pass$ (f1 "s ( !m ( mu* m]it1 &1 x 0 suppos$1 possess$ ( e elem5t ( p]man5cy1 b !y 7 f\nd want+ 9 "s v important respect1 & s n be+ able to hold _! gr\nd !y pass$ into ! limbo ( neglect$ ?+s4 ,silv] pr9t+1 h[ev]1 /ill ma9ta9s ! field aga9/ all com]s1 & does s by its intr9sic m]its alone4 ,no o!r process has equall$ x 9 ease ( production & 9 beauty ( f9i%1 & x is d\btful if any process has results ( great] p]man5ce1 tak+ ! be/ products ( ! process z samples4 ,! "o defect ( ! process is ! possibility ( its products fad+1 b we mu/ n judge ( a process by its poore/ examples1 b r by its be/2 if su* %\ld be ! decision1 !re are at ?is day ?\s&s ( silv] pr9ts t are co-exi/5t ) ! process & rema9 z p]fect z x is possible = any?+ on pap] to be aft] su* a lapse ( "t4 ,a process t is s simple & easy t x c be p#jga acquir$ 9 a few h\rs1 is pr$e/9$ to c>eless work+1 slov5ly manipulation1 & to endless scamp+ at ! h&s ( c>eless work]s4 ,:at wond] !n if pr9ts fade :i* 7 only half made4 ,suffice x t ! process1 intellig5tly & consci5ti\sly work$1 w\ld nev] suff] f su* an imputation4 ,,! ,,pr9t+ ,,room4 ,all pr(essional photograph]s practice ! silv] pr9t+ process ) m or less ( success1 z !y be/[ c>e & intellig5ce 9 ! work+ & are zeal\s = ! reputation ( _! "w4 ,! prop] h&l+ ( a negative by ! pr9t] requires z mu* /udy & skill on 8 "p z does ! pos+ & light+ ( ! subject 9 ! /udio2 & ! pr9t+ room %\ld be z replete ) e conv5i5ce = =w>d+ & improv+ ! op]ations !re9 conduct$1 z any o!r dep>tm5t ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,?is room is g5]ally situat$ at ! top ( ! h\se1 & :]ev] situat$1 %\ld be s arrang$ t ! ea/1 s\? & we/ sides may be op5$ to ! sun1 t 8 direct rays may be utiliz$ f ! e>lie/ to ! late/ work+ h\rs4 ,"p ( ! room %\ld be p>tition$ (f 9 su* a mann]1 & illum9at$ 9 su* a mod]ate degree1 t ! s5sitiz$ pap] may n suff] f excess ( light :ile ! frames are be+ fill$ & ! *anges made4 ,! pr9t+ room outfit consi/s ( ! v>i\s sizes ( pr9t+ frames1 c>dbo>d1 tissue pap] & cotton-wool = vignett+1 & knives1 long-blade scissors1 & glass =ms = cutt+ ! pap] to v>i\s sizes1 p#jgb light tight draw]s to hold ! prep>$ pap]1 %elves1 & racks = ! negatives4 ,mucilage or pa/e & bru%es4 ,flat bru%es = remov+ du/ f negatives4 ,india ink & ,opaque1 ) p5cil bru%es & lead p5cils = spott+ negatives4 ,,! ,,silv]+ ,,room4 ,! silv]+ room may be also us$ = o!r manipulations 9 ! process1 su* z fum+ ! pap] & wa%+ ! pr9ts1 & %\ld be furni%$ ) all ! conv5i5ces = su* "w1 :i* consi/ ( ,nitrate ( ,silv]4 ,album5iz$ & pla9 pap]4 ,a flat di% to hold ! silv] solution1 ( ! size ( ! l>ge/ pap] to be float$4 ,a fum+ box4 ,a bottle ( conc5trat$ ,ammonia4 ,a gas or oil /ove = dry+ ! pap]4 ,a doz5 or m ( ,lockwood's pat5t photo clips4 ,bi-,c>bonate ( ,soda4 ,an ,arg5to met]4 ,a #af oz4 ,graduate4 ,a clock4 ,"o agate evaporat+ di%1 & #b or #c wide-m\? glass bottles1 t w hold ! full quantity ( silv] solution 9 use4 ,,! ,,silv] ,,solution ,,= ,,pap]4 ,a pla9 silv] solution1 ( a /r5g? ( #cj gra9s ( nitrate ( silv] to ! ounce ( wat] 9 hot wea!r1 increas+ to #fj gra9s 9 ! colde/1 ) en\gh bi-c>bonate ( soda add$ f "t to "t to keep a small s$im5t ( c>bonate ( silv] 9 ! bottom ( p#jgc ! bottle or di%1 is all t c be desir$ z a silv]+ solution = album5 pap]4 ,x only ne$s to be kept up to ! prop] /r5g? by ! addition ( silv] nitrate & wat]1 :5 requir$2 & :5 x %[s signs ( discoloration a little m soda & an h\r's sunlight w keep x 9 good ord] ! ye> r\nd4 ,,to ,,silv] ,,! ,,pap]4 ,album5 pap] is s5sitiz$ by be+ float$ = a "t on ! surface ( ?is silv] solution1 album5 side d[n4 ,= ?is purpose x is necess>y t ! solution %\ld be held 9 a flat di%1 l a tray1 ) sides f #a-a_/b to #b in*es high1 & ( a size suitable to ! size ( ! %eet ( pap] to be float$2 if a full %eet1 !n ! di% %\ld be #aibd1 & may be ( porcela91 agate w>e1 h>d rubb]1 or any o!r k9d t w resi/ ! corrosive action ( ! silv] solution4 ,p\r ! silv] solution into ! di%2 !re %\ld be en\gh to give a dep? ( at lea/ half an in*4 ,if !re is any scum or du/ on ! surface aft] ! air bubbles h subsid$1 take a long /rip ( tissue pap] & draw ! edge ov] ! surface ( ! solution1 :i* w remove ! scum or any float+ du/ or air bells t may rema94 ,place y\r pap] on a b5* or table1 album5 up1 & ) a l>ge tuft ( cotton rub ! surface1 us+ a light friction ov] ! :ole2 !n turn ! %eet ( pap] ov] & take betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ f+] ( ea* h& opposite corn]s diagonally across ! pap]1 hold+ ! corn]s up & ne> toge!r2 let ! sag ( ! pap] s9k "o end fir/1 until x t\*es ! solution1 :i* c be pla9ly se52 !n let ! h&s fall until ! o!r end has rea*$ ! p#jgd surface ( ! silv]2 !n l[] ! corn]s gradually1 until ! pap] lies flat on ! solution1 c>e be+ tak5 t none ( ! silv] solution runs ov] ! edge ( ! pap] to ! back4 ,! corn]s ( ! pap] may n[ be g5tly rais$ to see if any air bubbles h atta*$ !mselves to ! surface ( ! pap]2 if s1 remove !m & let ! pap] fall aga9 to ! solution4 ,x w n[ be se5 t ! edges ( ! sides ( ! pap] w beg9 to curl back1 z if repell$ f ! solution4 ,?is may be p]mitt$ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b n s f> z t ! wet surface %all curl ov] aga9/ ! back ( ! %eet4 ,aft] a %ort "t ?is action ceases & ! roll$ edges unroll & fall aga9 ^u ! solution1 :i*1 :5 !y h rea*$ & lie flat1 may be tak5 z an indication t ! pap] is suffici5tly silv]$1 :5 x %\ld be remov$4 ,) a small po9t$ /ick raise ! left corn] f>!/ f y f ! solution1 take x betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ f+] ( ! left h& & raise x v sl[ly1 until ! "r h& f> corn] is (f ! solution4 ,take t corn] betwe5 ! "r h& ?umb & f+] & cont9ue to raise ! pap]1 /ill v sl[ly1 until x is cle> ( ! solution2 !n hang x up to dry 9 a mod]ately d>k place1 or bett] /ill1 place x face d[n1 on a %eet ( clean blott+ pap]1 put ano!r %eet ov] x & on t ! next %eet t is silv]$1 & s on alt]nate %eets1 until y h float$ z _m %eets z may be ne$$4 ,:5 ?is is done turn ! pap]s ov]1 br++ ! %eet fir/ silv]$ to ! top1 :i* on remov+ ! blott+ pap] w be f\nd surface dry at lea/1 & may n[ be completely dri$ by artificial heat1 or by p#jge hang+ x up two %eets toge!r1 back to back1 on l9es ) spr+ clips1 until !y dry spontane\sly1 :5 !y are ready to be fum$4 ,,fum+ ,,! ,,pap]4 ,! fum+ box is usually a light-tight box ) two comp>tm5ts2 ! upp] "p has a door & %\ld be suffici5tly l>ge to hold ! am\nt ( pap] necess>y = a full day's "w1 )\t cr[d+ ! %eets toge!r or prev5t+ a free circulation ( ! fumes betwe5 _! surfaces4 ,! pap] is tak5 f ! l9es1 ea* two %eets back to back1 ! corn]s fa/5$ ) clips & set up on end 9 ?is comp>tm5t or hung on l9es1 z ! case may be4 ,:5 all ! pap] is 91 %ut & fa/5 ! door & into ! bottom comp>tm5t 7:i* is usually a %all[ draw]1 & sep>at$ f ! upp] only by a lattice "w ( wood7 place a sauc] conta9+ an ounce or two ( /rong liquor ( ammonia1 pu% ! draw] 91 ?us clos+ ! comp>tm5t1 & leave = fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes1 or until y are ready to use ! pap]4 ,:5 y remove ! pap] f ! fum+ box d n expose x to /rong light until y h x 9 ! pr9t+ frames1 nor aft] t1 until y h ton$ & fix$ x4 ,take ! sp5t ammonia f ! box & p\r x into a bottle2 x is useful = o!r purposes4 ,_m pr9t]s cut ! pap] to size be=e pr9t+1 o!rs simply te> ea* %eet into halves1 qu>t]s1 eigh?s or twelf?s1 & pr9t !m ?us1 trimm+ !m aft]w>ds1 "s be=e ton+1 o!rs aft] !y are f9i%$ & be=e wett+ !m = m\nt+4 ,! mo/ economical me?od is to trim be=e pr9t+2 p#jgf all ! trimm+s %\ld be c>efully sav$ = ! silv] !y conta94 ,,ton+ ,,! ,,pr9ts4 ,a ton+ solution is compos$ ( *loride ( gold 9 wat] ) en\gh c>bonate ( soda to make x slightly alkal9e1 & a p9* ( common salt4 ,! action ( ton+ is m]ely ! deposition ^u ! metallic silv] 9 ! pr9t ( a c]ta9 m9ute quantity ( metallic gold f ! solution1 :i* deposit causes ! *ange ( color t may be se5 :ile ! ton+ is tak+ place4 ,! normal ton+ solution is v>i$ endlessly by ! addition ( acetates1 *lorides & nitrates ( v>i\s metals & salts & ( borax & *alk & su*1 ! object be+ to produce unusual tones1 su* z sepia1 blue1 blue-grey1 br[n & black1 b ! ri*e/ & mo/ agreeable tones may be produc$ z well by ! simple/ means4 ,,! ,,ton+ ,,solution4 ,wat] #a qu>t4 ,into ?is put half z _m gra9s ( pure *loride ( gold z y h %eets ( pap] to tone2 aft] add+ ! gold make ! solution alkal9e by add+ en\gh ( a /rong solution ( a c>bonate or bic>bonate ( soda to turn r$ litmus pap] j blue2 !n add a p9* ( salt1 & ! ton+ solution is ready = use4 ,:5 half y\r pr9ts are ton$1 or ! ton+ proce$s too sl[ly1 add m gold1 all[+ n ov] #a gra9 ( gold = ea* %eet ( pap]4 ,:5 all ! pr9ts are ton$1 put ! ton+ solution into a bottle to keep = ! next "t1 :5 x w probably "w bett] ?an at fir/2 p#jgg use x until x becomes badly discolor$1 !n put x into a l>ge bottle to save ! wa/e gold4 ,! ton+ mu/ be done 9 a flat di% t is z l>ge z ! l>ge/ pr9t t requires to be ton$4 ,y\r ton+ solution be+ ready1 ! pr9ts are n[ to be prep>$ = ton+ by be+ depriv$ ( all excess ( silv] & free *loride n act$ on by ! light2 9 ord] to d ?is1 put !m "o by "o 9 a l>ge di% full ( wat]1 9 ?is di% keep !m 9 motion = "s little "t1 !n prep>e ano!r di% conta9+ ! same am\nt ( wat] slightly acidifi$ ) acetic acid1 & remove ! pr9ts into ?is "o by "o z be=e1 keep+ !m 9 motion2 !y w at once comm5ce to turn r$1 & :5 !y are s !y may be tak5 out1 ! wat]s ( ^! two wa%+s mu/ be sav$ = ! silv] conta9$ !re94 ,! pr9ts require two m wat]s aft] ! acid1 :5 !y are ready = ton+4 ,imm]se half a doz5 or m ( ! pr9ts1 "o at a "t1 9 ! ton+ solution & wat* ! *ange ( color4 ,!y may at fir/ become a little r$d] f ! action ( ! salt 9 ! solution1 b !y w soon *ange to a br[n & !n to a blui% or grey br[n4 ,& :5 ! faces h become z cle> & :ite z to suit z f9i%$ pictures1 remove !m to fre% wat] & proce$ ) ano!r bat* until all are done4 ,,fix+ ,,! ,,pr9ts4 ,hyposulphite ( soda1 ab\t #a lb4 to a gallon ( wat]1 con/itutes ! fix+ solution2 its function is to dissolve all ! *loride ( silv] t may rema9 9 ! pr9ts aft] _! previ\s wa%+ & ton+4 p#jgh ,! pr9ts %\ld be imm]s$ "o at a "t1 & kept 9 motion s t ! solution may h an equal action4 ,:5 !re are a l>ge numb] ( pr9ts ! di% conta9+ ! fix+ solution %\ld be correspond+ly l>ge1 s t ! pr9ts may n be mass$ toge!r b kept sep>ate & free = ! m p]fect action ( ! fix+ solution2 !y %\ld be kept 9 motion until ! fix+ is complet$1 :i* w be 9 ab\t #ae or #bj m9utes4 ,"s pr9t]s asc]ta9 t ! action is complete by hold+ ! pr9t up & exam9+ x by transmitt$ light2 if x looks mottl$ & unev5 x is n fix$1 b if y c see ! fibre ( ! pap] & all is cle>1 !n remove ! pr9ts f ! hypo into a di% conta9+ br9e or common salt & wat]1 "o by "o z be=e1 & keep !m 9 motion 9 ?is br9e until all are well saturat$ ) x2 !n let fre% wat] run into ! di%1 :i* w gradually *ange ! br9e to cle> wat]4 ,! pr9ts are put into ! br9e1 & ?is gradually *ang$ to cle> wat] to prev5t bli/]s or a sep>ation ( ! album5 f ! pap] 9 ! =m ( bli/]s4 ,! wat] may be all[$ to run into ! di%1 ! pr9ts be+ kept 9 motion1 & 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r !y w be suffici5tly wa%$2 !y may !n be tak5 out & plac$ betwe5 ! %eets ( blott+ pap] to rema9 until next morn+1 :5 !y c be ov]look$1 ! blemi%$ pr9ts ?r[n out1 & ! p]fect may be m\nt$4 ,! fix+ solution %\ld n be us$ a second "t1 b %\ld be ?r[n into a l>ge b>rel ) ! wa%+s1 t at "s future "t ! silv] may be recov]$2 :5 ! b>rel becomes full1 a small am\nt ( saturat$ solution ( protosulphite ( iron p#jgi may be ?r[n 91 ! wat] /irr$ well1 & :5 ! s$im5t has settl$ to ! bottom ! cle> liquid may be drawn (f & ! b>rel is ready to receive ! next wa%+s ( hypo4 ,,m\nt+ ,,! ,,pr9ts4 ,! select$ pr9ts are aga9 plac$ 9 wat] & p]mitt$ to rema9 until !y become saturat$2 9 ! meantime "s />* pa/e %\ld be prep>$4 ,! pr9ts are !n remov$ f ! wat] & plac$ on a %eet ( glass1 face d[n2 :5 all are ?us plac$1 squeeze out all ! wat] & !y are ready to m\nt4 ,n[ ) a wide bri/le bru% spread ! pa/e ev5ly on ! back ( ! pr9t1 c>efully remov+ any lumps or du/ or fibre ( any k9d1 !n ins]t "u ! edge ( ! pr9t ! po9t ( a knife-blade1 raise x until y c take x 9 ! f+]s1 !n place x pa/$ side d[n on ! face ( y\r m\nt1 adju/ x ev5ly & lay x on ! table2 n[ cov] x ) a piece ( clean :ite pap]1 & ) ! palm ( ! h& rub x d[n until all p>ts are 9 contact & all air is expell$ f betwe5 ! pr9t & m\nt4 ,z ! pr9ts are m\nt$ !y %\ld be plac$ 9 r[s on clean :ite or blott+ pap]1 "o lay] ov] ! o!r2 on ! top place a clean %eet ( pap] & ov] t a bo>d ( ! prop] size ) a weight on x to press ! m\nt$ picture flat2 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r !y w be dry en\gh to spot4 ,,spott+ ,,! ,,pr9ts4 ,) a f9e p5cil bru% & ,indian ink1 g ov] ! pr9ts & c>efully t\* up all ! :ite spots & o!r blemi%es t may be f\nd on ! surface1 s t !y h>monize 9 color ) ! surr\nd+ p#jhj p>ts4 ,:5 ?is is done ! pictures may be lubricat$ = burni%+4 ,,lubricat+ ,,! ,,pr9ts4 ,make a pad ( ,canton flannel1 get a piece ( :ite ca/ile soap1 rub ! pad on ! soap until x is well cov]$1 !n ) ?is soap$ pad rub ! surface ( ea* pr9t sep>ately1 c>efully cov]+ e "p ( ! surface2 keep ! pad well soap$ by rubb+ x on ! soap aft] e #b or #c pr9ts4 ,:ile ?is is be+ done ! burni%] may be heat$2 :5 ! tool is hot en\gh to hiss :5 t\*$ by a wet f+]1 proce$ to burni%4 ,d n use mu* pressure2 too great pressure w degrade ! :ites ( ! picture4 ,:5 !y are all burni%$ g ov] !m aga9 ) a mod]ately s(t lead p5cil1 t\*+ up & bl5d+ any /reaks or spots t may be f\nd2 if any /reaks or dirty l9es are discov]$ 9 ! direction ( ! draw ( ! burni%]1 !y may be remov$ by light friction ) a piece ( ,canton flannel moi/5$ ) alcohol4 ,?is completes ! photograph4 ,,! ,,photographic ,,/udio4 ,mr4 ,erne/ ,lacan1 a prom95t arti/ ( ,p>is1 ,france1 ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 wrote = ! ,philadelphia ,photograph] an acc\nt ( "s ( ! prom95t /udios ( t great city1 f :i* ,i take a description ( ! /udio & e/abli%m5t ( ! celebrat$ ,reutl+]4 ,?is e/abli%m5t comprises ! fif? & six? /ories ( a f9e h\se on ! ,b\lev>d ,montm>tre4 ,a h&some & wide /airway leads to ! /udio4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes y on ent]+ ! ante-*amb]1 p#jha :i* is trans=m$ into an (fice1 is ! l[ness ( ! ceil+ & ! want ( light4 ,on ! "r is a room1 l>g] & bett] light$1 = ! sale ( *oice specim5s ( 8 "w4 ,on ! left are ! exhibition & wait+ rooms1 :i* are ( m$ium size & ^: pr9cipal ornam5ts are ! fram$ pictures1 :i* cov] ! walls4 ,a small door leads to ! skylight1 ( :i* ! diagram at ! head ( ?is article is a correct view z tak5 f a photograph4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,photographic ,,/udio4 ,! view is tak5 f ! door at :i* y ent]4 ,?is gall]y is =m$ ( two mans>ds1 :i* h be5 unit$ by remov+ ! p>tition2 is #ci feet p#jhb long by #ac 9 bread?2 its height to ! top ( ! upp] sa% is ab\t #af feet2 ! light comes f ! nor?4 ,x is by means ( an +5i\s comb9ation ( :ite & blue %ades1 t ! arti/ succe$s 9 obta9+ ! *>m+ effects s mu* admir$ 9 8 productions4 ,at ! end ( ! gall]y is a small room = ladies4 ,! door :i* is se5 on ! left leads to ! laboratory1 :i* is divid$ into ?ree small ap>tm5ts4 ,! fir/ is us$ = clean+ plates1 ! second = _! prep>ation1 & ! ?ird = develop+ negatives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,diagram ( ,loes*] ,pets*4 ,?is is a diagram ( ! /udio ( ! fam\s p#jhc ,loes*] ,pets*1 ( ,b]l91 :o became s well kn[n1 "s ye>s ago1 ?r\gh ! /yle ( picture call$ ,b]l9 ,heads1 :i* 7 among ! fir/ samples ( f9e photographs f ret\*$ negatives br\ght to ?is c\ntry1 & :i* c]ta9ly creat$ a s5sation4 ,! %ades are arrang$ s z to %[ h[ "s ( ! mo/ *>m+ effects ( illum9ation are produc$4 ,! room is fill$ ) diffus$ light1 ) a ray ( direct light fall+ s z to produce a cle> high light on ! prom95ces ( ! head ( ! sitt]4 ,! next diagram is "o ( ! ,bigl[ /udios4 ,mr4 ,bigl[ is ! au?or ( a book on light+ & pos+1 :i* _h a l>ge sale1 & is a valuable book = positioni/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,^! ?ree views repres5t =ms ( skylight & side-light ) nor? exposure1 by :i* all ! f9e/ effects possible are obta9$1 b o!r =ms ( exposure are capable ( be+ utiliz$ ) f9e success4 ,! /udio ( ,s>ony1 ( ,new ,york1 is light$ ) a top light simil> to ! top light ( ! ,bigl[ /udio1 & )\t any side light at all4 ,a prom95t arti/ ( ,brooklyn produces v f9e p#jhd "w "u an ea/ light1 or r a light a little s\? ( ea/1 :i* to ! ord9>y photograph] w\ld be consid]$ a v difficult light to "w4 ,good effects c be produc$1 h[ev]1 "u any =m ( light by ! use ( %ades1 scre5s & reflectors1 s t no photograph] ne$ regret a favorable location1 because unable to h a nor!rn exposure = 8 light4 ,! /udio %\ld be furni%$ ) e requisite = ! production ( ! f9e/ "w1 su* z ,l5ses & ,cam]a boxes1 ,cam]a /&s1 ,pneumatic %utt]s = ! l5ses1 ,sc5ic gr\nds2 int]ior & ext]ior accessories1 su* z balu/rades1 rocks1 grass-mats1 fl[]s1 tables1 *airs1 drap]ies1 rugs1 etc42 head-re/s1 scre5s1 reflectors1 & all su* articles z c be advantage\sly introduc$ 9 a picture to improve & embelli%4 ,all ^! ?+s are ( importance1 b %\ld be us$ ) ta/e & judgm5t4 ,! photograph %\ld nev] be a picture ( a piece ( furniture1 ) a figure ?r[n 91 b r ! accessories %\ld be us$ only to improve ! figure & make x m prom95t by increas+ ! p]spective1 :5 possible or all[able4 ,,cam]a ,,l5ses4 ,,! ,,optics ,,( ,,photography4 ,a sol> beam ( light is a bundle ( rays2 a ray be+ ! smalle/ portion ( light :i* c emanate f a lum9\s body4 ,ea* ( ^! rays possesses di/9ctive *>act]s1 bo? z reg>ds _! *emical functions & colors4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton prov$ t ! :ite light emitt$ p#jhe by ! sun is n s simple z x appe>s1 b is compos$ ( vivid colors1 z %[n by 8 beautiful exp]im5t1 ! ,analysis ( ,light1 :i* is exemplifi$ by ! use ( a glass prism4 7,see fig4 #a47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,! ray ( light ,a1 ,e1 be+ admitt$ into a d>k5$ room ?r\gh a hole ,a1 9 ! %utt]1 w\ld fall ^u ! wall at ,e4 ,z soon z ! prism1 ,b1 ,c1 is plac$ 9 ! pa? ( ! sunbeam s z to all[ x to fall on "o ( its angles ,b1 ! ray w be refract$1 or b5t out ( its c\rse s z to pass ?r\gh ! prism 7z 9 ! l9e ,d7 & n 9 ! same l9e1 ,a1 ,e1 t x w\ld h done _h ! prism n be5 int]pos$4 ,ano!r effect also takes place2 ! ray ( :ite light is decompos$ into its compon5t colors1 & if y /& at a %ort di/ance f ! prism1 y w see t ^! colors are spread out 9 a triangul> =m1 ! base ( :i* is on ! wall & ! apex at ! angle ,c ( ! prism4 ,remove ! prism & x is se5 t ! spl5did display ( colors ^u ! wall has disappe>$1 & a r\nd spot ( :ite light1 ,e1 is se5 bel[ ! place occupi$ by ! spectrum4 ,! color$ image on ! wall is call$ ! prismatic or sol> spectrum1 :i*1 accord+ to ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 is compos$ ( sev5 diff]5t colors4 ,! color at ! l[e/ portion ( ! image is r$ & ! "o at ! o!r end is violet1 ! int]m$iate p>ts be+ occupi$ by five o!r colors1 & ! :ole arrang$ p#jhf accord+ to ! table bel[1 ! proportion ( ea* color hav+ be5 measur$ by ,fraunh(] ) ! greate/ c>e1 ) ! results plac$ opposite to ea*1 correspond+ ) ! #cfj degrees ( a circle1 ! r$ ray be+ ! lea/ & ! violet ! mo/ refract$ ( ?is *romatic image4 ,,top4 ,violet #aji ,indigo #dg ,blue #dh ,gre5 #df ,yell[ #bg ,orange #bg ,r$ #ef --- #cfj ,! sunbeam1 ! ray ( :ite light1 conta9s p[]s )9 x ( :i* ! e>li] philosoph]s _h b a fa9t idea1 besides its accompany+ heat4 ,!re is a pr9ciple associat$ intimately ) x1 :i* has ! p[] ( decompos+ & ( det]m9+ ! decomposition ( *emical comp\nds4 ,?is pr9ciple is ,act9ism & is z p]fectly di/9ct 9 ! nature ( its prop]ties f light1 z light is f ! pr9ciple ( heat1 ) :i* x is also closely connect$4 ,act9ism may !n be consid]$ z ! fundam5tal pr9ciple1 on :i* photography is bas$1 & its p[] is ex]t$ 9 =m+ ! image on ! s5sitiz$ plate 9 ! ,cam]a1 z well z subsequ5tly 9 =m+ or caus+ ! impression on ! s5sitiz$ pap] expos$ to ! light b5ea? ! negative4 ,9 ?is connection we h only to consid] ! p#jhg application ( ?is ,act9ism ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a comb9ation ( l5ses to =m an image on a s5sitiz$ plate 9 ! ,cam]a4 ,x has be5 %[n t :5 light passes ?r\gh a prism ( glass its colors are sep>at$2 ?is sep>ation is caus$ by ! unequal refrangibility ( ! diff]5t color$ rays1 ! violet be+ ! mo/ & ! r$ ! lea/ refrangible ( ! sev5 rays4 ,a ray ( light pass+ ?r\gh a vacuum progresses 9 a p]fectly /raight l9e1 b all matt]1 h[ev] att5uat$ x may be1 has ! prop]ty ( refract+ or b5d+ ! ray ( light4 ,! refractive p[] ( "s sub/ances is imm5se1 :ile t ( o!rs is v trifl+4 ,! mode ( ! refraction dep5ds on ! comp>ative d5sity or r>ity ( ! respective m$ia4 ,if ! m$ium :i* ! rays ent] be d5s]1 !y move ?r\gh x 9 a direction ne>] to ! p]p5dicul> drawn to its surface2 on ! contr>y1 :5 light passes out ( a d5s] into a r>] m$ium1 x moves 9 a direction f>!r f ! p]p5dicul>4 ,?is refraction is great] or less1 t is ! rays are m or less b5t or turn$ f _! /raight c\rse1 z ! second m$ium ?r\gh :i* !y pass is m or less d5se ?an ! fir/4 ,we next /udy ! utilization ( ?is p[] ( refraction 9 ! manufacture ( l5ses to ov]come ! unequal refrangibility ( ! color$ rays ( light4 ,a l5s = use 9 photography is made ( glass z pure & z colorless z c be procur$1 & is gr\nd into su* a =m z to collect or disp]se ! rays ( light :i* pass ?r\gh x4 ,l5ses are ( diff]5t %apes1 & !nce receive diff]5t names4 p#jhh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b ,e4 #a4 ,d\ble convex4 #b4 ,plano-convex4 #c4 ,concavo-convex4 #d4 ,d\ble concave4 #e4 ,plano-concave4 #f4 ,m5iscus4 ,! figures #a to #f repres5t sections ( ! v>i\sly %ap$ l5ses :i* are comb9$ = use 9 photography4 ,! design 9 =m+ l5ses is to procure a m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! rays ( light f any object may pass & conv]ge to a correspond+ po9t beyond2 ! mann] 9 :i* ! rays proce$ ?r\gh ! l5s1 & !n c5tre 9 a focal po9t1 w dep5d on ! =m ( ! l5s1 its capacity = refraction & ! di/ance ( ! object4 ,! d\ble convex l5s may be view$ z a portion cut out ( ! side ( a sph]e4 ,"h1 z 9 all cases ( convexity1 ! focus ( ! p>allel rays pass+ ?r\gh ! l5s is at ! c5tre ( ! sph]e4 7,see fig4 #c47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,a plano-convex has only half ( ! refractive p[] ( ! d\ble convex2 ! p>allel rays1 fall+ on ! convex side ( ! l5s1 w\ld conv]ge at ! di/ance ( ! :ole diamet] ( ! sph]e4 ,?us ! focal po9t at :i* ! rays ( light conv]ge is always regulat$ by ! degree ( curvature ( ! l5s4 ,?us ! d\ble convex l5s has ! greate/ p[] ( conv]g+ ! rays ( light2 ! plano-convex has only half ! p[] ( ! =m]4 ,bo? ^! l5ses h also ! p[] p#jhi ( magnify+ ! image ( an object se5 ?r\gh !m 9 ! same proportion4 ,! d\ble concave & ! plano-concave h ! p[] ( disp]s+ ! rays ( light & ( dim9i%+ ! image ( an object se5 ?r\gh !m 9 ! same proportion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,! m5iscus l5s has b a v slightly disp]sive p[]1 & ! concavo-convex m]ely sep>ates ! p>allel rays to ! ?ickness ( ! l5s & s5ds !m on p>allel z !y ent]$4 ,all ^! l5ses1 hav+ some?+ ( ! prism 9 _! %ape1 h ! p[] to a great] or less] ext5t ( decompos+ ! light t passes ?r\gh !m4 ,?is is call$ *romatic ab]ration1 because ! color$ rays d n all conv]ge to ! same focus2 ?us ! image se5 ?r\gh !m is surr\nd$ by a fr+e or bord] ( color4 ,s+le l5ses lack ! p[] ( produc+ a /raight image ( a /raight object2 ! image w h ! curve ( ! l5s ?r\gh :i* ! light passes to =m x2 a d\ble convex l5s w give a great] curve ?an a plano-convex4 ,?is is call$ sph]ical ab]ration4 ,! ma9 object to be consid]$ 9 ! manufacture ( a l5s = photographic purposes is to produce "o ) ! lea/ sph]ical & *romatic ab]ration4 ,sph]ical ab]ration is ov]come to a great ext5t by ! use 79 connection ) ! d\ble convex7 ( a m5iscus l5s4 ,*romatic ab]ration is ov]come by ! use ( two glasses ( unequal d5sity 9 =m+ "o l5s2 ?us p#jij ! front l5s ( ! portrait comb9ation is compos$ ( a d\ble convex ( cr[n glass & plano-concave or m5iscus ( fl9t glass1 :i* two glasses are seal$ toge!r ) ,canada balsam4 ,! =ms ( l5ses :i* are correct$ = *romatic & sph]ical ab]ration w be se5 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,^! l5ses are t]m$ a*romatic1 &1 al?\gh ea* is =m$ ( two k9ds ( glass1 !y are seal$ toge!r s z to be practically "o l5s4 ,e manufactur] ( portrait or view l5ses1 uses ! six =ms %[n 9 ! diagram 7,fig4 #b71 9 "s mann] peculi> to himself1 b ( ! six1 f\r w be f\nd 9 e comb9ation 9 g5]al use1 v>i$ 9 radii1 con/ruction & dim5sion1 accord+ to ! use = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,=m]ly ! photograph]'s *oice ( l5ses 0 re/rict$ to two comb9ations1 ! d\ble comb9ation = portraits & ! s+le = views4 ,!re h ( late ye>s be5 inv5t$ a great v>iety ( l5ses1 among :i* & 9 ! ord] ( inv5tion1 probably are ,petzval's ,or?oscopic1 ,h>rison's ,globe1 ,ross's ,d\blet1 ,d>lot's ,wide ,angle & ,rectil9e> ,hemisph]ical1 ,/e9heil's ,aplanatic1 ,voightl&]'s ,euryscope1 p#jia & greate/ ( all1 ,dallmey]'s ,pat5t ,portrait1 ,wide ,angle & ,rapid ,rectil9e> ,l5ses4 ,! comb9ations ( l5ses are ?ree1 ! s+le1 d\ble & triple2 ! latt] is n[ no long] 9 use1 or if s1 its use is greatly re/rict$4 ,! s+le comb9ations h great] focal l5g? ?an ! d\ble1 & consequ5tly at ! same diamet]s l>g] pictures are obta9able1 & !y are pr9cipally us$ = l&scape or view "w4 ,! d\ble comb9ations1 s call$ f hav+ a second pair ( l5ses beh9d ! fir/1 :i* h ! effect ( %ort5+ ! focus ab\t "o-half1 :]eby ! action ( ! light is accel]at$1 & bo? ! sph]ical & *romatic ab]rations m p]fectly correct$1 :i* result 9 an image m delicate 9 def9ition & m rotund 9 =m1 ?us peculi>ly qualify+ !m z portrait l5ses4 ,9 ! selection ( l5ses = /udio or view "w1 ! int5d+ pur*as]1 if desir\s & pecuni>ily able to avail himself ( ! be/1 w naturally inquire :at make ( l5ses is ! mo/ widely kn[n & us$1 & x w n take mu* "t to procure a satisfactory answ] to ! "q4 ,x has be5 conc$$ n[ = "s ye>s1 bo? 9 ,europe & 9 ,am]ica1 t ! l5ses manufactur$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,dallmey]1 ( ,london1 ,engl&1 are sup]ior to all o!rs1 n only = _! fitness = ! "w = :i* !y are specially con/ruct$1 b = _! adaptability to "w beyond any?+ claim$ = !m by ! mak]1 & also = a c]ta9 undef9able & /hetic quality inh]5t 9 ! negative made by ^! l5ses4 ,! fact t !re is n 9 ! wide _w a photographic p#jib e/abli%m5t ( any note t does n possess "o or m ( ^! l5ses is /rong evid5ce ( _! sup]iority4 ,9 ! quality ( ! glass us$1 9 ! p]fection ( f9i% & adju/m5t1 9 s(tness1 crispness & dep?1 9 rapidity1 illum9ation & e quality t recomm5ds a l5s1 ! ,dallmey] l5ses are unrivall$4 ,! portrait comb9ation n[ 9 g5]al use1 0 fir/ con/ruct$ f calculations made by ,pr(essor ,petzval1 ( ,vi5na4 ,its optical compon5ts are1 a front cr[n l5s ( unequal convex curves to :i* is cem5t$ a d\ble fl9t l5s ( unequal concave curves4 ,! back comb9ation is a cr[n l5s ( unequal convex curves & a concavo-convex fl9t l5s at a little space f x4 7,see ,fig4 #f47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,= m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury ?is =m ( l5s _h be5 us$ )\t mat]ial *ange 9 its con/ruction1 until ,mr4 ,?os4 ,ross1 by a modification ( ! curves1 succe$$ 9 flatt5+ ! field & increas$ its rapidity by %ort5+ ! focus1 b left x ) ! peculi> %all[ness ( focal dep?1 especially 9 ! l>g] sizes1 :i* has be5 ! torm5t ( photograph]s to ?is "t4 ,mr4 ,dallmey] 0 ! fir/ to improve ^u ! p#jic orig9al portrait comb9ation1 & 9 8 new ,pat5t ,portrait ,l5s he has mo/ +5i\sly obta9$ a diffusion ( focus at ! w ( ! op]ator4 ,by a qu>t] or half turn ( ! cell ( ! back comb9ation ! focus is diffus$1 giv+ an agreeable s(tness 9 place ( ! %all[ plane ( excessive & wiry def9ition s famili> to ! photograph]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,! diagram1 ,fig4 #g1 %[s a section ( ,mr4 ,dallmey]'s ,new ,portrait ,l5s4 ,!re are two act9ic comb9ations1 ( :i* ! front resembles ! ,petzval l5s2 ! back comb9ation diff]s z reg>ds ! ratio ( radii ( ! l5ses us$1 ! cr[n be+ a deep m5iscus & ! fl9t a deep concavo-convex1 ) _! adjac5t surfaces dissimil>2 _! positions also are rev]s$1 ! concavo-convex ( fl9t occupies ! ext]nal position1 in/ead ( z 9 ! ,petzval1 & ?is l5s be+ m\nt$ 9 a cell capable ( be+ unscrew$ supplies ! means ( regulat+ ! sph]ical ab]ration ( ! sy/em at w4 ,! l[] portion ( ! diagram p#jid exhibits a plan ( ! m\nt ( ! back fl9t glass l5s2 ?is cell admits ( be+ unscrew$1 "o or m p>ts ( revolutions ( ! screw indicat$ by an index & divisions2 ) ?is back l5s screw$ home ?is comb9ation has all ! good qualities ( ! old =m ( portrait l5s1 b ) a flatt] field & wid] illum9ation4 ,!re are ?ree di/9ct classes ( portrait l5ses4 ,! fir/ are l5ses ( l>ge diamet] & ap]ture comp>$ ) _! %ort focal l5g?4 ,9 ?is class ! greate/ rapidity is obta9$ at ! sacrifice ( flatness ( field4 ,( ?is class are ! ,b & ,c l5ses ( ,dallmey]4 ,! second class are l5ses ( equal diamet] & ap]ture ) ^? j describ$2 b ) ab\t d\ble _! focal l5g?1 & !re=e less rapid1 b ) m field & wid] illum9ation2 ( ?is class are ! ,a s]ies4 ,9 ! ?ird class are long focus l5ses1 :i*1 at ?ree in*es diamet] h fifte5 in*es focal l5g?2 ) ! result ( a l>g] & flatt] field2 !y are1 h[ev]1 necess>ily sl[1 b well calculat$ = out-door views1 gr\ps & copy+4 ,( ?is class are ! ,d s]ies1 :i*1 s9ce ! introduction ( ! rapid dry plate1 h become available = ord9>y portrait "w 9 ! /udio4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,fig4 #h repres5ts ! ,dallmey] ,wide ,angle ,rectil9e> ,l5s4 ,x consi/s ( two cem5t$ comb9ations1 p#jie ea* compos$ ( a deep m5iscus cr[n & a deep concavo-convex fl9t glass l5s2 betwe5 ! two1 divid+ ! space 9 ! proportion ( _! respective diamet]s1 is plac$ a revolv+ diaphragm1 ! l>ge/ ap]ture ( :i* is f_/#ae2 ! position ( ! /op be+ ne>] ! back comb9ation avoids ! c5tral spot or fl>e4 ,?is l5s embraces an angle ( #ij to #ajj degrees2 x is q free f di/ortion1 & p>ticul>ly adaptable = tak+ views 9 conf9$ situations1 su* z int]iors1 views 9 n>r[ /reets1 c4 ,be+ a d\ble comb9ation its "w is m f9i%$ & r\nd ?an t by ! s+le l5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,probably ! two greate/ rivals to ! ,dallmey] ,wide ,angle ,l5s are ! ,act9ic ,d\blet ( ,ross 7,fig4 #i71 & ! ,/e9heil ,aplanatic 7,fig4 #aj74 ,! ,ross ,d\blet consi/s ( a cross$ cr[n l5s1 cem5t$ to its correct+ fl9t l5s1 :i* is a cross$ concave1 ! :ole =m+ a deep m5iscus ! focus ( :i* is equal to ! back comb9ation or ab\t d\ble t ( ! equival5t focus ( ! complete in/rum5t1 ! po/]ior m5iscus comb9ation consi/s ( a m5iscus cr[n l5s cem5t$ to a concavo-convex fl9t l5s4 ,! two comb9ations are m\nt$ rigidly ) a rotat+ disk ( p#jif diaphragms or /ops plac$ midway betwe5 ! l5ses4 ,! ,/e9heil consi/s ( a front & back correct$ comb9ation ( precisely ! same %ape1 m\nt$ rigidly & hav+ a rotat+ disk ( ap]tures plac$ midway betwe5 ! l5ses4 ,^! are ?ree di/9ct types ( view l5ses ( wide angle1 & a comp>ison ( ! diagrams w %[ ! wide diff]5ce 9 ! con/ruction ( ! two latt] f ! ,dallmey]2 & :ile !y /& unrival$ = ! p]fection & beauty ( _! "w1 :i* is ab\t equal1 ! ,dallmey] obta9s a great advantage ov] ! o!rs 9 ! ?9ness ( its l5ses1 :i* enables x to "w ) great] rapidity1 & inde$ x has be5 us$ ) great success ) ! drop-%utt] = photograph+ mov+ objects & o!r simil> out-door "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,:ile ! possession ( a wide angle l5s is indisp5sable 9 ! v>i$ selection ( out-door subjects1 yet = _m purposes x has be5 f\nd !y are unsuitable2 & to meet ?is want ,mr4 ,dallmey] has con/ruct$ a modification ( ! wide angle1 :i* he calls ,rapid rectil9e>4 ,its con/ruction is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,! l5ses ( ! front & back comb9ation h ! same g5]al =m z ^? ( ! wide angle1 b !y are ( small] diamet]1 be+ con/ruct$ = angles ( #fj to #gj degrees only4 ,x is f\r times z rapid1 & is 9 fact an aplanatic & symmetrical l5s1 & may be reg>d$ p#jig z ! mo/ p]fect l5s extant4 ,z x admits ( ! use ( a l>g] ap]ture x is well adapt$ = int]iors1 :]e !re is space = its use1 & = almo/ e purpose ( out-door photography1 requir+ %ort exposure & no great] angle4 ,! use ( ?is l5s has be5 greatly ext5d$ s9ce ! introduction ( ! rapid dry plate1 :i* admits ( its employm5t z a portrait l5s 9 ! /udio1 & 9 fact x has become a v popul> in/rum5t = portrait "w1 especially = ! l>g] & life sizes1 s t !re is a /rong probability t be=e _m ye>s ! ,rapid rectil9e> & ! ,d s]ies ( l5ses ( ,dallmey] w be ! mo/ useful & ! mo/ pr(itable l5ses = portrait "w 9 ! /udio t h ev] be5 con/ruct$1 unless ! ne> future %all give u some?+ n n[ ?\ght possible 9 optics4 ,dallmey] l5ses are sold only by ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,an?ony ,co41 :o are ! ag5ts 9 ?is c\ntry1 & z ^! l5ses are q exp5sive1 & are inde$ beyond ! means ( _m1 ! ,messrs4 ,an?ony keep o!r & *eap] l5ses1 :i* are good ( _! k9d1 bo? = portrait & = out-door "w1 among :i* are ! ,e ,a l5ses = portraits1 & ! ,platyscope & o!r l5ses = views1 etc4 ,to ^? desir+ advice on ! *oice ( a l5s1 ?is mu* may be said4 ,if x is int5d$ to procure a ,dallmey]1 x is only necess>y to "k ! limit 9 size ( ! "w to be done4 ,if 9 portraiture1 y select a l5s t w cov] ! size ( plate y int5d to use4 ,if 9 l&scape1 or ar*itectural "w1 or copy+1 consult ! catalogue & ord] ! l5s t meets ! requirem5ts ( ! case4 ,!re is said to p#jih be no diff]5ce 9 ^! l5ses2 t is1 all l5ses ( ! same s]ies & size are exactly alike1 ! glass is ( ! same d5sity1 gr\nd to ! same curve1 & poli%$ to ! same degree ( f95ess1 s t ea* "o is z good & no bett] ?an any ( ! o!rs ( ! same k9d & size4 ,x is ! same ) ! view l5ses2 "o may ord] ) confid5ce1 & n be disappo9t$ by receiv+ an inf]ior l5s1 :ile expect+ ! be/ 9 ! _w4 ,x is n s1 h[ev]1 ) any o!r make ( l5ses2 at lea/ ,i h nev] he>d su* a claim made on ! "p ( any o!r mak]1 h5ce = ! selection ( a l5s by any o!r mak]1 "s ?\ght & exp]im5t are ju/ifiable & ev5 necess>y4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ! foll[+ me?od ( te/+ a l5s w be f\nd useful4 ,:5 ( sev]al l5ses ( ! same size x is desir$ to select ! be/1 atta* "o to a cam]a box & focus x on "s long object plac$ p>allel ) ! axis ( ! l5s2 adju/ ! focus s t ! "p ( ! object ne>e/ ! l5s %all be 9 focus1 b ne> t po9t :]e x w\ld beg9 to lose %>p def9ition4 ,m>k ! position ( ! c>riage on ! rail1 !n turn ! focus =w>d s t ! same po9t w be z ne> ! o!r extremity ( %>p def9ition1 !n m>k ! position ( ! c>riage on ! rail & note ! di/ance betwe5 ! two m>ks1 :i* w indicate ! dep? ( %>p focus4 ,n[ /ret* a l9e across ! room & focus ! in/rum5t on ! c5tre ( ! l9e1 & note to :at di/ance on ea* side ( ! c5tre %>p def9ition ext5ds2 ?is w indicate ! flatness ( ! field4 ,try all ! l5ses 9 ! same mann]1 & secure ! "o t has ! greate/ p#jii dep? ( focus & ! greate/ ext5t ( %>p def9ition on ! horizontal l9e4 ,exp5sive l5ses %\ld be treat$ ) mu* c>efulness4 ,!y %\ld be kept free f du/ & dampness1 & %\ld nev] be clean$ or rubb$ ) clo? or ! h&k]*ief2 no?+ b f9e *amois %\ld be us$ to clean a l5s1 ! f9e poli% ( :i* 7"o important factor 9 its usefulness & value7 is s easily injur$ by abrad+ its surface ) any?+ ( a fibr\s or gritty nature4 ,! l5s %\ld always be cov]$ :5 ! day's "w is done & :ile ! /udio is be+ clean$ up1 to exclude du/1 etc41 f ! glasses4 ,exam9e ! l5s e morn+ to see if ! glasses are at all dimm$ by damp or du/1 & if s1 use ! *amois4 ,y mu/ n expect good "w f l5ses ^: surfaces are 9 any way dimm$4 ,/udy y\r l5s ) c>e1 & le>n all its good & weak po9ts1 & s enable y\rself to take e advantage ( in/rum5t1 light & pose 9 mak+ a sitt+4 ,,cam]a ,,boxes4 ,! cam]a box & l5s 9 ! h&s ( ! compet5t photograph] are :at ! bru% & colors may be 9 ! h&s ( ! portrait pa9t]4 ,!y are ! means :]eby he produces 8 portrait & /amps 8 individuality ^u 8 "w4 ,!re=e1 :5 we look back & consid] ! rude implem5ts ! pione]s 9 our art _h to "w )1 we are (t5 surpris$ t ! "w !y produc$ 0 s really respectable 9 po9t ( f9i% & excell5ce z x 04 ,/>t+ f a cig> box & a burn+ glass1 n #ej ye>s ago1 ! progress made1 z repres5t$ by p#ajj ! in/rum5ts 9 use at ?is day1 w\ld seem to be fully equal to ! advance f ,fox ,talbot's pap] negative to t made on ! ,gelat9e ,dry plate4 ,z late z #be ye>s ago ! box 9 g5]al use consi/$ ( two sections ( squ>e wood5 tube1 "o slid+ inside ! o!r1 9 telescopic /yle2 to ! front ( ! small] section 0 atta*$ ! l5s1 & ! focus+ glass fitt$ into a groove 9 ! re> ( ! l>g] section4 ,! l5s af=d$ ! means ( adju/+ ! focus 9 its rack & p9ion movem5t1 & ! gr\nd glass _h to be remov$ f its groove be=e ! plate hold] c\ld be put 9 place4 ,?is rude app>atus 0 consid]$ 9 its "t to be a v +5i\s con/ruction1 b if ! %ades ( ,morse & ,drap] c\ld contemplate ! objects ( art t h supplant$ ! rude con/ructions !y 7 s famili> ) & knew s well h[ to use1 !y might well wi% !mselves back among ! liv+ = ! pleasure ( work+ ) "o ( ! late/ cam]a boxes4 ,! cam]as ( ! pres5t "t seem con/ruct$ to meet e requirem5t ( ! mo/ exact+ intellig5ce4 ,!y are light1 yet firm & durable1 !y are rigid z wood & metal c make !m1 & yet !y are fitt$ to focus %>ply all positions ( ! human =m4 ,!y are complicat$1 yet extraord9>ily conv5i5t1 & !y are made 9 =ms & sizes adapt$ to e possible use or dem&4 ,!re are f\r pr9cipal v>ieties ( cam]a boxes 9 g5]al use1 viz3 ,! cam]a = positives1 :i* includes ! multipli]4 ,! cam]a = negatives1 wet or dry1 = portraiture4 ,! cam]a = copy+1 & ! cam]a = p#aja view+ & out-door "w2 descriptive acc\nts ( ! sev]al v>ieties w be giv5 "u _! appropriate heads4 ,,! ,,cam]a ,,box ,,= ,,positives ,,& ,,! ,,multipli]4 ,^! boxes are usually made = use ) f\r or m l5ses 9 a block1 by :i* at "o exposure z _m pictures are made z !re are l5ses4 ,! size repres5t$ by ,figs4 #a & #b is usually employ$ = "w 9 t5ts or portable h\ses1 on fairgr\nds & places ( resort at ! seaside & else:]e dur+ ! summ] season4 ,fig4 #a %[s ! front1 ) ! me?od ( atta*+ ! f\r l5ses1 :i* are ( ! #a_/d size1 & !y make f\r pictures on a #eg plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,climax4 ,fig4 #b %[s ! back ( ! same box ) ! gr\nd glass rev]s$1 & ! platehold] p>tly pu%$ into position2 !re are %[n also ! op5+s ?r\gh :i* ! v>i\s sizes ( pictures are made4 ,?is box c also be us$ ) "o l5s = mak+ two c>tes de visite or "o cab9et on ! #eg plate4 p#ajb ,! same /yle may be _h ) ! gr\nd glass h+$ to ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,climax4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,?is same /yle ( box is made also ( l>g] sizes1 to be us$ ) "o or m l5ses1 ( :i* ,fig4 #c repres5ts ! size = #haj1 by :i* ) "o l5s c be made #d c>tes de visite or #b cab9ets on #haj p#ajc or #gaj plates1 & ) #d l5ses #h c>tes de visite on ! same size plate1 or ) #i l5ses #ah l>ge gems are made by two exposures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,n ,,cam]a1 ,,re> ,,view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,= gall]y "w1 h[ev]1 ! ,figs4 #d & #e repres5t p#ajd ! mo/ useful =m ( multiply+ cam]a1 z by _! aid ev]y?+ t w\ld be call$ = 9 a f]rotype gall]y c be made4 ,) "o l5s c be made on #haj plate3 #b cab9ets1 #b c>tes de visite or #a l>ge picture4 ,) #d l5ses c be made on #haj plate by #b exposures3 #h c>tes de visite1 & on #eg plates by "o exposure1 #d c>tes de visite4 ,) #i #a_/i l5ses on #gaj plate c be made ) two exposures3 #ah gems2 ) #d exposures1 #cf gems2 & ) #h exposures1 #gb gems2 on #eg plate ) #a exposure1 #i2 #b exposures1 #ah2 & ) #d exposures1 #cf gems4 ,! c>riage & plate hold] ( ^! boxes move v]tically & horizontally1 ?us giv+ ! op]ator ! p[] ( mak+ a great v>iety ( sizes & ( us+ any size ( plate f #a_/d upw>ds to #haj4 ,on ! #a_/d plate c be made ) "o exposure1 #d #a_/i gems2 #h ( ! next small] size by #b exposures2 & #af ( ! smalle/ size1 by #d exposures1 ?us br++ into use only #d ( ! #i l5ses2 ! second size is made by plac+ ! l5ses horizontally1 also ! op5+s 9 ! back ( ! box1 ! plate also is laid on its side 9 ! hold]4 ,^! boxes are f9i%$ 9 a v>iety ( /yles1 pla9 or ornam5tal1 & are fitt$ ) hold]s = negatives z well z ! usual rabbet$ hold]s = f]rotypes1 & by _! use all ! "w ( a small e/abli%m5t might v easily be done1 z all ! sizes ( f]rotypes are made f #af gems on #a_/d plate to #gb ( ! same size on #gaj plate1 & by "o l5s ev]y?+1 positive or negative1 f #a_/d to #haj size1 are made )\t difficulty4 p#aje ,,! ,,cam]a ,,= ,,negatives1 ,,wet ,,or ,,dry4 ,,climax ,,imp]ial ,,cam]as4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,= ! gall]y mak+ no pictures l>g] ?an #haj1 ! above1 figure #f1 repres5ts ! cam]a box t is ! be/ fitt$ 9 e respect4 ,x is light1 compact & durable1 & x is mo/ accurately adju/$ = c>tes de visite1 cab9ets1 #dd or #haj pictures 9 e /yle1 full l5g?1 half l5g?s or heads4 ,x has ! d\ble sw+ back1 ) ! tang5t movem5t1 & is fitt$ ) ! ,b5/] hold]1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! cut4 ,?is /yle c be _h 9 e v>iety ( f9i%1 f ! pla9 to ! mo/ ornam5t$1 9 mahogany or eboniz$ wood1 ) brass fitt+s or nickel or silv]-plat$1 z may be mo/ desir$4 ,= gall]ies :]e l>g] "w is call$ =1 figure #g repres5ts a box t is made 9 all ! sizes f #aaad to #becj1 & x is fitt$ ) an atta*m5t 7see ,fig4 #h = #haj to #a_/d plate71 ?us enabl+ ! photograph] ) "o box to fill e ord] = pictures1 f a c>d to a life-size portrait4 p#ajf ,?is box is fitt$ ) ! d\ble sw+ back1 tang5t p#ajg movem5t1 ! telescope b$1 :i* r5d]s x v compact1 & ) ! ,b5/] hold]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,climax ,,royal ,,cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 p#ajh ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,m ,,success ,,) ,,tang5t ,,movem5t4 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,figs4 #aj & #aa repres5t v>ieties ( cam]as ( a highly ornam5tal k9d4 ,!y are made ( h>d wood1 eboniz$1 & ) nickel-plat$ fitt+s4 ,fig4 #aj has ! ,wright's pat5t metallic sw+1 ,fig4 #aa1 ! tang5t movem5t4 ,! ,b5/] ,plate-hold] 7see page #aji7 is int5d$ to1 & w und\bt$ly1 sup]s$e ! ,bonanza hold] = wet plate "w1 z x is a m p]fect silv] sav] ?an ! ,bonanza1 :ile its easy adju/ability to e size ( plate places x away ahead ( any?+ kn[n or 9 use h]et(ore4 ,! op]ator :o has ev] us$ ?is hold] w nev] cons5t to g back to any ( ! old /yles :ile he c procure ! ,b5/]4 ,! plate re/s on pure silv] wire1 & !re is a tr\gh ) l>ge bottle p#aji b5ea?1 into :i* all ! silv] wa/e readily f9ds its way4 ,z ! tr\gh is rais$1 ! upp] l$ge desc5ds1 s t ! c5tre ( ! plate is at all times 9 ! c5tre ( ! hold]1 no matt] :at size is us$4 ,?is obviates ! use ( inside kits1 & adapts itself at once to any size ( plate1 f ! l>ge/ ! hold] w admit to "o n "u ?ree in*es squ>e4 ,?is is unque/ionably ! be/ gall]y plate-hold] made4 ,by a rec5t improvem5t1 ! horizontal b>s may be in/antly fa/5$ = plates ( any size1 & !re is also an atta*m5t = ! v]tical adju/m5t4 ,= dry plate /udio "w x is ! hold] p> excell5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,b5/] ,,plate-,,hold]4 ,,fig4 #ab4 p#aaj ,,cam]a ,,boxes4 ,,! ,,copy+ ,,& ,,enl>g+ ,,& ,,r$uc+ ,,cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,copy+ ,,& ,,enl>g+ ,,& ,,r$uc+ ,,cam]a4 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,copy+ con/itutes a l>ge portion ( ! bus9ess ( e gall]y1 & a cam]a = t purpose is almo/ indisp5sable1 z ! portrait cam]a is entirely unfitt$ = a major portion ( ! copy+ "w t comes4 ,! copy+ cam]a requires no sw+ back1 b does require great l5g? ( bell[s & b$1 :i* has (t5 to be supplem5t$ by ! cone :5 a v small picture is to be enl>g$ to a great size4 ,a special =m ( copy+ cam]a is adapt$ to enl>g+ & r$uc+ negatives1 & = mak+ transp>5cies4 ,?is =m1 ,fig4 #ad1 c be s arrang$ z to r5d] x possible to remove ! l5s f ! position z se5 9 ,fig4 #ad to ! front1 s t ! two p#aaa =ms1 ,figs4 #ac & #ad1 might be comb9$ 9 "o = copy+ & mak+ transp>5cies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,! ,,cam]a ,,= ,,view+ ,,& ,,out-,,door ,,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,! ,success ,cam]a1 = view+1 ,figs4 #ae & #af1 p#aab is an in/rum5t calculat$ 9 e way to meet ! requirem5ts ( pr(essional out-door "w4 ,x is made 9 a =m to secure ! utmo/ rigidity & /r5g? ) ! lea/ weight4 ,! bell[s is conical1 ! b$ is fold+1 ! d\ble sw+ back is conv5i5t & easy ( adju/m5t4 ,9 front1 bel[ ! l5s1 is a small recess1 or closet1 9 :i* extra tubes1 flanges1 screws1 screwdriv]1 etc41 may be safely c>ri$2 :5 fold$1 its bulk is small & occupies b little space4 ,f ! front to ! outside surface ( ! b$1 z fold$1 is only six in*es1 & ! weight = #aaad box1 ) gr\nd glass & plate-hold]1 is only tw5ty-two p\nds4 ,by ref]r+ to ! cut1 #af1 ! compactness ( ?is cam]a may be realiz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,f ! mode ( con/ruction ! b$ is r5d]$ peculi>ly rigid1 & 9 _! atta*m5t & arrangem5t ! brass guides are protect$ f injury4 ,9 case t1 ?r\gh accid5t1 any "p %\ld get brok51 x c readily be replac$ )\t return+ ! cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,novel ,,view ,,cam]a4 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,,repres5t+ ,,! ,,cam]a ,,:ile ,,be+ ,,rev]s$4 ,! ,novel ,view ,cam]a is ! late/ response to ! dem& = some?+ t %all be v light & v conv5i5t4 ,its con/ruction is ! result ( a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ent]$ into ) a view to obta9+ an in/rum5t 9 ! make up p#aac ( :i* !re %all be no unnecess>y weight1 & comb9+ easy adju/m5t ) great rigidity4 ,x be+ absolutely necess>y t a view cam]a %all p]mit ! use ( ! plate bo? horizontally & v]tically1 all ! old] =ms ( view cam]as 7 built squ>e1 to p]mit ! %ift+ ( ! plate1 ?us add+ v mu* to ! weight ( ! in/rum5t4 ,9 ?is in/rum5t1 h[ev]1 all t is possible has be5 done to r$uce ! bulk & weight2 9 do+ s sev]al new p#aad improvem5ts h be5 adopt$4 ,! box itself is v little l>g] 9 outside measurem5t ?an ! l>ge/ plate x w take1 & ! d\ble hold] is s p]fect z to be v little if any heavi] ?an ! glass plates x is int5d$ to conta94 ,! greate/ improvem5t is ! revolv+ bell[s1 ! front end ( :i* is fa/5$ 9 ! light frame-"w 9 su* a way t :5 ! back is deta*$ f ! b$ ! :ole bell[s revolves1 in/ead ( requir+ to be unbutton$1 z h]et(ore1 mak+ a great sav+ 9 "t4 ,! back is held to ! b$ by metal plates hav+ slott$ holes1 :i* p]mit ! passage ( r\nd screw-heads1 :i* slide ov] ! slots & ?us hold v firmly4 ,! back may be deta*$ & *ang$ f a v]tical position to a horizontal 9 s %ort a space ( "t z two seconds1 by ! wat*4 ,^! boxes are made ) a d\ble sw+1 ! comb9ation ( ! two sw+s mak+ x possible to avoid all di/ortion ( l9es4 ,^! cam]as are made 9 all sizes f #de to #ahbb1 & !y are decid$ly ! cam]a ( ! p]iod4 ,! #c suitable sizes are fitt$ ) p>titions1 & extra fronts = /]eoscopic "w4 ,! novel dry plate hold]s = ^! cam]as are /ripp$ ( e unnecess>y bulk & weight2 ea* w conta9 two plates1 except ! sizes above #haj1 :i* are fitt$ ) a pat5t %ield1 ea* "o ( :i* has two slides work+ 9 ! end & 9 ! side ( ! %ield1 !re=e ! slide c be )drawn f ! side ( ! %ield1 no matt] 9 :at position ! cam]a is plac$4 ,^! %ields are s+le = "o dry plate only4 ,all ! sizes ( ,novel ,cam]as above #haj are made ) ! gr\nd glass ( ! same focus p#aae z = wet plate hold]s2 if desir$ wet plate hold]s c be furni%$ to ord]4 ,,! ,,klaub] ,,cam]a4 ,a new idea has be5 p]fect$ & c>ri$ out 9 connection ) ! ,novel ,cam]a1 mak+ x a comb9ation ,view & ,portrait ,cam]a ) ! above "n4 ,see ,cuts #ah & #ai4 ,a portrait atta*m5t has be5 con/ruct$ to fit ! back ( ! l>g] sizes ( ! ,novel ,cam]a1 :i* c be atta*$ or deta*$ 9 a few seconds1 ?us r5d]+ x unnecess>y t !re %\ld be two l>ge & exp5sive cam]as 9 "o gall]y4 ,?is is an exce$+ly valuable improvem5t = ! l>g] sizes 9 m ?an "o p>ticul>4 ,! #ahbb size1 ) gr\nd glass & two plate hold]s1 weighs only #ej lbs42 ! measurem5t ( ?is size outside is #aabbcj-a_/d in*es only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,klaub] ,,cam]a1 ,,view ,,"p ,,only4 p#aaf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,?us x w be se5 t e v>iety ( "w 9 ! gall]y may be done ) two or at ! mo/ ?ree ,cam]as4 ,! ,climax ,imp]ial ,cam]as = "w up to #haj2 a ,klaub] ,cam]a = portrait & view "w f #haj to any size desir$1 toge!r ) a ,copy+ ,cam]a1 w\ld make a sup]b outfit = any gall]y4 ,,cam]a ,,/&s4 ,a /& or support = ! cam]a box & l5s1 by means ( :i* ! box & l5s c be rais$ or l[]$ or mov$ ab\t ! room ) facility4 ,! /& be/ suit$ = ! purpose is "o t is /rong1 & heavy en\gh to be v rigid & firm1 b n s heavy z to be cumb]some & difficult to move4 ,= rais+ & l[]+ ! cam]a1 :i* 9 "s cases is q heavy1 !re are sev]al appliances1 su* z lev]s1 screws1 weights1 c41 c41 & p#aag ! diff]5t /yles ( cam]a /&s may be designat$ by ! "n ( ! me*anical p[] :i* is appli$ = t purpose1 viz3 ,lev] ,/&s1 ,screw ,/&s1 ,balance ,/&s4 ,,! ,,lev] ,,/&4 ,! ,lev] ,/&1 ,fig4 #bj1 is "o ( ! olde/ =ms ( cam]a /&1 & is /ill us$ 9 _m e/abli%m5ts4 ,! me?od ( rais+ ! top may be se5 9 ! cut4 ,!re are two lev]s1 "o = ea* end1 by means ( :i* ! cam]a may be incl9$ upw>ds or d[nw>ds4 ,! lev]s are held 9 place by means ( spr+s :i* press a bevel$ edge /eel plate--atta*$ to ! lev]s ne> ! h&les--aga9/ a s]rat$ plate ( /eel1 atta*$ v]tically betwe5 ! h&les4 7,see cut47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,?is /yle ( cam]a /& is m us$ = v l>ge & heavy cam]as ?an = ! small] k9d4 ,!y are v firm & rigid1 & exce$+ly durable1 be+ made ( h>d wood1 well season$1 & !y are consequ5tly n at all liable to get out ( ord]2 9 fact1 a well made /& w\ld la/ a life-"t1 if "o c>$ to h a cam]a /& la/ s long4 ,! next /yle 9 ord] is ! ,,screw ,,/&1 :i* is a v popul> /&1 & its mo/ popul> =m is t call$ ! ,knick]bock] ,/&1 :i* is made 9 #d or m sizes & has #b /yles ( p#aah tops2 ! top se5 9 ,fig4 #ba has ! "n ( ! inv5tor ( ! /& & is call$ ! ,/odd>d ,top2 ! o!r1 ,no4 #bb1 is ! ,acme ,top4 ,?is =m ( /& is bett] adapt$ = light cam]a boxes1 & is !re=e pref]r$ 9 small e/abli%m5ts & t9type gall]ies to ! o!r /yles1 :i* take up m room & are n s portable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,knick]bock] ,,/&4 ,,fig4 #ba4 p#aai ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,! ,,acme ,,top4 ,,! ,,balance ,,/&4 ,?is /yle comprises a great] v>iety ( =ms ?an all ! o!rs comb9$1 x requir+ ! lea/ ex]tion to move ! box up or d[n4 ,! weight ( ! cam]a box :5 plac$ on ! /& top is c\nt]balanc$ by weights :i* re/ ^u a %elf atta*$ to cords1 :i* pass ov] pulleys & d[nw>ds1 to be fa/5$ to uprights :i* support ! top2 :5 prop]ly balanc$ x requires only a t\* ( ! h& to raise ! box or to l[] x4 ,,! ,,b[di% ,,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,! mo/ popul> =m ( ?is /& is ! ,b[di%4 ,see cut #bc4 ,! description w be r5d]$ q intelligible by obs]v+ ! weights :i* are 9 ! c5tre1 betwe5 ! ?ree legs1 & ! cords :i* pass ov] ! pulleys to ! ?ree supports ( ! top4 ,f ! peculi> con/ruction ( ?is /& x has ! mo/ simple p#abj means ( adju/m5t2 x is rais$ or l[]$ by t\*1 & a b9d+ screw s]ves to keep x immovably 9 position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,,! ,,automatic ,,/&4 ,ano!r =m ( ?is /& is ! ,automatic1 ,fig4 #bd1 :i* is a lat] =m ?an ! ,b[di%1 & has sev]al improvem5ts n yet appli$ to ! latt]4 ,x is entirely new 9 %ape & pr9ciple2 x is v light & simple4 ,! v>i\s *anges are made quick] & easi] ?an ) any o!r /&4 ,a coil spr+ be>s mo/ ( ! weight 9 rais+ & l[]+1 & self-act+ p#aba /ops hold ! c5tre frame & b9d x firmly at any height desir$ by ! op]ator1 no set-screw be+ requir$ to make x rigid4 ,x has also a new & sup]ior device = tilt+ ! top4 ,ano!r =m ( ?is1 v popul> /& is ! ,gem ,city ,/&1 see ,fig4 #be1 p#abb :i* 9 "s respects is ev5 bett] ?an ! ,automatic2 beside ! weight balanc+ ! cam]a box x has a crank 9 common ) ! ,automatic = rais+ & l[]+4 ,x also has a v conv5i5t arrangem5t = copy+1 :i* is an ext5sion :i* moves "u ! top ( ! /& & holds an upright support = ! picture to be copi$2 ?is is a v conv5i5t arrangem5t = gall]ies :]e !re is n en\gh copy+ done to require a special copy+ box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,,! ,,gem ,,city ,,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,,! ,,h&y ,,cam]a ,,/&4 ,!re is ano!r =m ( /& 9 use1 9 :i* ! balanc+ weight is replac$ by a crank & pulley2 ( ?is k9d is ! ,h&y ,cam]a ,/&4 ,( ?is /yle !re is ano!r =m t has advantages ( its own1 :i* w\ld seem to r5d] x peculi>ly a useful & appropriate /& = light boxes2 x is ! ,magic ,cam]a ,/&4 p#abc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,,magic ,,cam]a ,,/&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,,iron ,,c5tre ,,/&4 ,all ^! v>i\s /yles ( /&s are made 9 sizes to suit cam]as f #haj to #becj4 ,fig4 #bh repres5ts a /yle ( /& :i* does n classify1 b :i* is a useful /& 9 a portable gall]y or t5t4 p#abd ,,! ,,pneumatic ,,%utt] ,,= ,,! ,,cam]a4 ,?is device = mak+ exposures 9 ! photographic /udio has prov$ to be s useful & popul> z to h secur$ almo/ g5]al recognition & adoption among ! photograph]s ( ,am]ica4 ,! possibility ( mak+ exposures 9 ! /udio1 unkn[n to ! subject1 plac$ a v decid$ advantage 9 ! h&s ( ! op]ator1 :o1 /&+ at any po9t1 c\ld wat* ! expression ( ! subject & seize ! "r mom5t to secure ! impression desir$2 s t ! pneumatic %utt] seem$ to be ! prop] complem5t to ! lightn+ dry plate4 ,!re is a great v>iety ( ^! %utt]s exhibit$ & = sale1 & ! numb] cont9ually increases4 ,! e>lie/ example ( ?is /yle ( %utt] t we "k ( is ! ,cadett1 an ,engli% inv5tion1 :i*1 9 its introduction into ?is c\ntry1 s]v$ z a /imulus to ! inv5tive g5ius ( ,am]icans1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 we h ! great v>iety t n[ may be select$ f4 ,an ef=t 0 made to apply electricity to use 9 work+ a %utt]1 b x did n succe$1 & s ! rubb] tube & bulb became ! accept$ means = apply+ ! =ce necess>y to op5 & %ut ! slides or doors con/itut+ ! %utt]4 ,an attempt has be5 made to apply a "t regulator to ! pneumatic expos] t %all keep ! l5s uncov]$ = a p]iod ( "t at ! w ( ! op]ator1 :i* %all be regulat$ by an index po9t+ at a figure repres5t+ a def9ite p]iod ( "t4 ,by turn+ ! index to any figure1 f #a to #bj or m1 repres5t+ seconds1 ! %utt] is held op5 = t "t1 & !n closes automatically4 ,?is %utt] is op5$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by pressure ^u a bulb1 p#abe 9 ! same mann] z any ( ! pneumatic devices4 ,we may enum]ate1 among ! v>i\s %utt]s1 ^? giv+ ! mo/ satisfaction 9 use1 ,,cadett',s ,,pat5t ,,pneumatic ,,photographic ,,%utt]4 ,x has (t5 be5 rem>k$ by em95t photograph]s t ! arrangem5t is a mo/ useful "o :i* enables p]sons to be photograph$ )\t be+ aw>e ( x4 ,! ef=ts 9 ?is direction necessitat$ ! op]ator be+ close to ! cam]a2 "h we h an in/rum5t :i* p]mits him to be at any "p ( ! /udio he pleases4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,cadett's ,pneumatic ,%utt]4 ,_m h exp]i5c$ ! difficulty ( tak+ *ildr5's portraits ) ! prop] am\nt ( pr(ile2 ) ! above device all difficulty vani%es--! op]ator may be by ! side ( ! *ild & attract its att5tion to any direction1 & he has ! means ( expos+ & capp+ ! l5s ) f> great] rapidity ?an ) ! usual me?od4 ,,directions4--,aft] ! day's "w is done ! rubb] tub+ %\ld be tak5 (f ! in/rum5t2 ?is w prev5t a p>tial vacuum 9 ! bell[s & tube1 :i* w\ld o!rwise ultimately occur4 ,^! in/rum5ts are n[ con/ruct$ = application ei!r inside or p#abf outside ! cam]a4 ,its use is v simple--squeeze ! ball end ( ! tube & ! %utt] op5s4 ,?is in/rum5t no soon] made its appe>ance ?an ,yankee +5uity set to "w to improve on x1 or at lea/ to produce some?+ simil> t might n infr+e on ! pat5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,us+ ! ,pneumatic ,%utt] to ,photograph a ,*ild4 ,! fir/ ef=t 0 to br+ electricity into use to move a %utt] inside ! cam]a box1 & a v good device 0 p]fect$ & sold to numb]s :o 7 conv9c$ ( ! usefulness ( ! idea1 b 7 unwill+ to pay ! price dem&$ = ! ,engli% in/rum5t4 ,?is electrical app>atus1 h[ev]1 soon play$ out1 & few op]ators _h ! "t or k necess>y to keep ! batt]y 9 ord]2 & 9 _m in/ances aft] ! sitt+s _h be5 made x 0 f\nd1 on attempt+ to develop ! plate1 t no exposure _h tak5 place1 h5ce ^! electrical %utt]s 7 soon relegat$ to ! limbo ( play$-out photographic app>atus1 ( :i* e gall]y ( any /&+ has "o4 p#abg ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,eclipse ,,in/antane\s ,,%utt]4 ,= simplicity ( con/ruction & op]ation1 = reliability & good results obta9$ ) x1 ! ,eclipse ,%utt] has ga9$ an enviable reputation4 ,x is safe to say t no %utt] is bett] or m favorably kn[n4 ,! ,eclipse is made :olly ( metal1 & is f9ely f9i%$4 ,x atta*es ov] hood ( l5s by a velvet-l9$ coll>1 & has a clamp to securely hold x 9 place4 ,x is made 9 five /&>d sizes1 coll>s = hoods ( l5ses be+ atta*$ to a %utt] ( ! mo/ suitable size4 ,:5 ! %utt] is 9 a lock$ position ready = an exposure1 ! "r-h& leaf ( fly cov]s ! ap]ture ( l5s4 ,:5 releas$1 ! fly revolves1 uncov]+ ! ap]ture1 :i* is aga9 cov]$ by ! left-h& leaf4 ,:5 ! %utt] is 9 ! position %[n 9 cut1 less illum9ation is giv5 to ! =egr\nd2 b by p#abh adju/+ ! %utt] 9 diff]5t positions any "p ( ! view may be favor$4 ,! hair trigg] release may be op]at$ ei!r by h&1 by a cord1 or by a pneumatic device4 ,! pneumatic app>atus co/s #a4jj extra4 ,! spe$ ( ! %utt] is p]fectly controll$ by mov+ ! spr+ on back ( %utt] f not* to not* on ! curv$ arm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pros*',s ,,duplex ,,photographic ,,%utt]4 ,,= ,,tim$ ,,or ,,in/antane\s ,,"w4 ,,p]fect ,,9 ,,bo?4 ,) ?is %utt]1 ! late/ production ( ! inv5tor ( ! v popul> ,eclipse %utt]1 exposures c be made ( any desir$ duration4 ,x is equal p#abi to any requirem5t = ! mo/ rapid "w1 & z a "t %utt]1 exposures c be made z quick z two pulsations c be giv5 to air bulb 7ab\t "o-t5? ( a second7 or ( m9utes' duration4 ,duplex ,%utt]s "w p]fectly1 ) ev5 ! v l>ge/ l5ses1 up to _! full capacity2 & sev]al l5ses c be us$ ) ! same %utt]4 ,! %utt] gives a full op5+2 b yet1 by ! peculi> op5+ 9 ! exposure slides1 any "p ( ! picture c be favor$ ) m or less illum9ation by turn+ ! %utt]1 sometimes ev5 inv]t+ x4 ,! illu/ration gives a front view ( ! %utt]1 "o-half size ( ,no4 #b1 :i* is suitable = an #haj l5s1 or ev5 l>g]1 z x has an op5+ at ! diaphragm ( #a-a_/h in*es4 ,inclos$ 9 metal cas+ are two pivot$ slides1 :i* move1 9 unison1 9 opposite directions1 & make ! exposure 9 "o cont9u\s movem5t )\t ! slighte/ j>1 ev5 :5 work$ at its greate/ rapidity4 ,! motive spr+ is on ! back ( ! %utt]1 & is ( coil$ wire2 a p]fectly reliable spr+4 ,its t5sion is regulat$ by mov+ x along a s]ies ( not*es4 ,! exposure slides are mov$ by a /ud on ! lev] %[n on front1 :i* passes ?r\gh ! %utt] & a slot 9 ea* slide1 & engages ) ! spr+ on ! back4 ,on ! end ( ! lev] are two not*es hidd5 by ! second>y lev]4 ,:5 ! lev] is fully depress$1 ! release cat*es 9 ! upp] not* & locks ! slides clos$4 ,a slight pressure on ! air bulb or a trip to ! project+ end ( ! release1 frees ! slides1 & !y make an in/antane\s movem5t or exposure4 ,if ! second>y lev] has be5 br\ght into play1 by a turn or p#acj two ( a mill$-head nut1 ! release w cat* 9 ! second or l[] not* & hold ! slides at a full op5+1 9 :i* position !y rema9 until a second pressure is giv5 to ! bulb1 or ! release is tripp$ by h&4 ,! %utt]s are made 9 /&>d sizes1 hav+ n>r[ ?read$ coll>s on ea* side1 to :i* c be adapt$ tubes to receive l5ses1 :i* are to be transf]r$ f regul> l5s tubes4 ,any intellig5t in/rum5t mak] or ma*9i/ c adapt su* tubes to l5ses2 ! orig9al tube is n us$4 ,,head-,,re/s4 ,x might h be5 ?\ght t ! rapid dry plate1 by %ort5+ ! "t ( exposure s mu*1 w\ld h done away ) ! necessity = us+ head-re/s2 & _m old photograph]s ^: backs h (t5 a*$ f h&l+ ! ,wilson1 ! ,sp5c] & o!r enorm\sly heavy head-re/s1 ?ank$ _! />s t a "t ( relief seem$ to be at h&4 ,b n s4 ,! head-re/ is j z necess>y z ev]1 & ! heavy ones are z advantage\s n[ z be=e4 ,! mo/ important use ( ! head-re/ is to keep ! head 9 ! position requir$4 ,t ! head %\ld be immovable is necess>y dur+ ! "t ( exposure4 ,_m p are q able to keep /ill en\gh = photographic purposes )\t a re/ = ! head1 b v few are able to keep ! head 9 ! position desir$ by ! op]ator )\t "s assi/ance2 h5ce ! necessity = ! use ( ! head-re/ = ev5 ! %orte/ exposure4 ,"o b5efit1 h[ev]1 has be5 d]iv$ f ! adv5t ( %ort exposures2 !re seems no necessity = ! use ( ! extremely heavy v>ieties4 p#aca ,! light] re/s w\ld seem to be capable ( fulfill+ all ! requirem5ts ( a head-re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,success ,,head-,,re/ ,illu/ration3 ,,c5t5nial ,,head-,,re/4 ,! ,success head-re/ is "o v>iety ( ! light] k9ds1 ( :i* ano!r is ! ,c5t5nial4 ,^! are v useful 9 ! /udio1 m p>ticul>ly 9 pos+ a gr\p1 :5 x is necess>y to h a head-re/ = ea* "o ( ! p>ty2 !y are also suffici5tly rigid = s+le sitt]s4 ,!y are 9 all sizes1 %ort = *ildr5 & long = adults1 & if any "p %\ld be brok5 or get out ( ord] duplicates c be _h at trifl+ exp5se4 p#acb ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,rigid ,,head-,,re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sp5c] ,,head-,,re/4 ,! ,rigid head-re/ is ( a heavi] k9d1 & is a favorite ) _m :o pref] a m$ium weight4 ,x sets firmly on its base & c be quickly & easily adju/$ to ei!r sitt+ or /&+ figures4 ,! ,sp5c] head-re/s are examples ( ! heavi] k9d2 !y are v firm & rigid1 & heavy en\gh to suit ! mo/ exact+ gymna/ or a?lete4 ,!re are _m o!r v>ieties ( ! light1 m$ium & heavy k9ds1 b ! cuts %[ ! be/ ( ! v>i\s weights1 & a selection c be made f ^! )\t fe> or hesitation4 ,a gall]y %\ld h half a doz5 head-re/s at p#acc lea/1 & :ile ! majority %\ld be ( ! light]1 !re %\ld be a sample ( ! m$ium & heavi]1 k9ds1 s t no important aid to good "w %\ld be lack+4 ,,pos+ ,,*airs4 ,mu* att5tion has be5 be/[$ ^u ! pos+ *air s9ce #ahfe1 :5 ,s>ony introduc$ into ! c\ntry ! pos+ app>atus :i* fir/ br\ght 8 "n p]man5tly be=e ! ,am]ican photograph]s & ! public4 ,! ,s>ony pos+ *air1 table1 re/1 etc41 has1 h[ev]1 pass$1 & rema9s among ! ?+s t 71 & _m o!r /yles ( *air s9ce h _h _! brief day & are gone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,b[di% ,,*air4 p#acd ,among ^? t /ill rema9 9 use ?is cont9ues to be popul>1 & inde$ x is a v useful & elegant article ( furniture = ! /udio2 & f ! ease ) :i* x c be conv]t$ f a high back *air = /&+ figures1 to a pos+ *air = sitt]s1 x w probably cont9ue to be1 z x always has be51 ! mo/ useful accessory 9 ! photographic /udio4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,b[di% ,,*air ,,) ,,revolv+ ,,circul> ,,arm4 ,^! *airs are s pre-em95tly sup]ior 9 all desirable qualities t x is only necess>y t _! p]fection ( manufacture & +5i\s plan ( con/ruction be se5 to be comm5d$ by e "o4 ,made ( solid walnut1 secur$ by means ( a pat5t$ iron frame1 !y unite unusual /r5g? ) graceful outl9e & ri*ness ( effect4 ,! quality ( mat]ials us$1 also1 has always be5 ( ! be/2 & ! con/ant aim is to make !m excel 9 ea* & e p#ace p>ticul>4 ,!y h no unc]ta9 jo9ts1 no clumsy & unsightly proportions1 no fix+s to become deta*$ or r5d] ! *air useless :5 brok54 ,!y are bett] adapt$ to ! v>i$ requirem5ts ( a mod]n photographic gall]y--bett] suit$ to ! prevail+ /yles ( portraiture1 & m 9 consonance ) mod]n /udio accessories4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,b[di% ,,*air ,,) ,,s(a ,,atta*m5t4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,b[di% *air comb9es ! advantages & uses ( all ! v>i\s *airs 9 m>ket1 compris+-- ,fir/4--,a *air ) high back1 ) or )\t arms4 ,second4--,a *air ) a revolv+ circul> arm4 ,?is is an advantage ov] ! ord9>y *air ) circul> arm1 :i* has only ! v]tical movem5t4 ,?ird4--,a l\nge atta*m5t1 :i* is invaluable = infants & *ildr54 p#acf ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,pat5t ,,novel ,,*air4 ,= sitt+ positions1 vignettes1 etc41 ! ,novel *air is ! be/ out = l[ bu/ & vignette pictures4 ,! back is peculi>ly well adapt$2 x gives support )\t ! back becom+ conspicu\s 9 ! picture4 ,?is *air is a valuable piece ( furniture = any gall]y1 & _m pref] x to ! old-e/abli%$ favorite ,an?ony' ,position ,*air1 :i* has be5 = _m ye>s ! useful *air ( ! /udio4 p#acg ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,position ,,*air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,slid+-,,back ,,position ,,*air ,,an?ony',s ,,slid+-,,back ,,position ,,*air has be5 f\nd to be j ! ?+ = _m positions1 p#ach su* z half l5g?s1 full l5g?s & ev5 sitt+s1 & also = babies1 z ! back & arms are movable4 ,= "s ye>s pa/ ! little folks1 babies & infants1 h become a l>ge "p ( ! mo/ pr(itable cli5tage ( ! photo /udio1 & mu* att5tion has be5 be/[$ on ! furniture & accessories suitable = !m & _! pictures4 ,among su*1 ! ,,que5 ,,anne ,,*ild',s ,,l\nge is a novelty itself1 indisp5sable to any photographic /udio2 ! op5+ betwe5 seat & back is an advantage = pos+ *ildr54 7,also made ) hole 9 c5tre ( ! high back47 ,illu/ration3 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,*ild',s ,,l\nge ,^! two =ms ( l\nge are v useful & popul>1 hav+ be5 adopt$ 9 _m /udios do+ a l>ge bus9ess ) ! little folks4 ,an extra cu%ion is n[ made = ! ,*ild's *air4 ,?is1 plac$ 9 a semicircle "u ! knees1 ensures ! favorite pose ( babyhood4 ,two =ms ( *airs = babies are v popul> ) ! av]age photograph]1 be+ neat 9 design & f9ely f9i%$1 greatly add+ to ! effect ( a good photograph ( a pretty baby4 p#aci ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,baby ,,*air4 ,! ,baby ,hold] is n a *air1 b a hold]1 & c be plac$ 9 any *air or on a table1 ,x c be adju/$ to any angle1 to hold ! baby securely 9 position4 ,^! baby l\nges & *airs %\ld be rais$ on a plat=m1 :5 9 use4 ,! plat=m %\ld be f #f to #ab in*es high & on l>ge1 easy ca/]s1 s t x c be easily mov$ ab\t ! room4 ,su* a plat=m is a great conv5i5ce = all sitt]s1 ! subject c s readily be mov$ )\t be+ put to ! inconv5i5ce ( ris+ f ! seat4 ,) ^! *airs c]ta9 little cu%ions = ! back & seat are v useful1 & are suppli$ :5 requir$4 p#adj ,,"p ,,second4 ,,field ,,photography4 ,t ! ?\s&s :o =m]ly practic$ photography 9 ! fields1 z an amusem5t & recreation1 took great delight 9 x & f\nd x to be an extremely fasc9at+ pursuit1 !re c be no d5ial4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! difficulties t 7 cont9ually be+ enc\nt]$1 & ! trials ( pati5ce & temp] t _h to be submitt$ to--to say no?+ ( ! disagreeable nature ( ! _m solutions t 7 necess>y1 ! /a9s on ! h&s & clo?+ incid5tal to ! use ( nitrate ( silv] & ! solution ( iron1 & ! heavy & bulky nature ( ! app>atus--we are con/ra9$ to believe t ! rew>ds mu/ h be5 m ?an comm5surate to ! fatigue incurr$1 to ! disappo9tm5t occasion$ by frequ5t failures1 & to ! dislike ( dirty h&s & /a9$ & spoil$ clo?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,amateur ,,app>atus4 ,app>atus set up1 consi/+ ( cam]a box1 l5s1 c>ry+ case & tripod4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 by ! introduction ( ! new process ( dry plate "w1 all t 0 disagreeable has be5 done away )4 ,! collodion1 ! silv]-ba?1 ! develop] & fix+ solutions--z ?+s to be c>ri$ ) y--are n[ ( ! pa/1 & ev5 ! glass plates w soon be kn[n no m z imp$im5ta to ! amateur4 ,9 place ( ! heavy ,cam]a & p#ada plate-hold]s1 we h n[ fea!r-weight con/ructions1 t are no m a burd51 b r1 ornam5tal objects1 ! possession ( :i* & _! use is m ( a pleasure ?an o!rwise4 ,x is n surpris+1 !n1 t 9 view ( ^! wond]ful *anges1 ! ?\s&s :o =m]ly practic$ photography = amusem5t h increas$ to t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,& ! dry plate equipm5t = view+ has become a "p ( ! imp$im5ta ( ! summ] t\ri/1 z well :5 he or %e travels by l& z :5 !y voyage by sea4 ,! bicycli/1 too1 goes out ) a ,cam]a1 t may be atta*$ to 8 :eel1 & makes in/antane\s views z he sp9s along ! road1 or dism\nts & takes 9 "s beautiful bit ( sc5]y4 ,! boys1 & also ! girls1 h seiz$ ^u ?is fasc9at+ pursuit1 & ! g>d5s & cons]vatories h be5 conv]t$ into /udios1 :]e e memb] ( ! family1 includ+ ! baby & ! pet animals1 h be5 pos$1 & _! pictures be> witness to ! triumph & delight ( ! "y arti/s4 ,amateur photograph]s1 male & female1 may be f\nd dur+ ! season at ! summ] resorts by ! sea or at ! breezy m\nta9 h\se2 :]ev] ! well-to-d citiz5 takes 8 family = re/ & recreation dur+ ! dog days1 !re w ! tripod be set up & ! ,cam]a w record ! topography ( ! vic9ity4 ,= e "o ( ^! ?\s&s ( amateurs !re p#adb is some?+ to le>n be=e he or %e c succe$ 9 produc+ a picture2 to "k h[ to make a photograph nev] comes by intuition1 b mu/ be acquir$ by /udy & practical exp]im5t4 ,?is ne$ n be prolong$ or difficult1 & ! purpose ( ^! pages is to af=d ! beg9n]s t in/ruction1 :i* w enable !m to surm\nt ! difficulties ( a new & untri$ pursuit2 to op5 up to !m ! k t w enable !m to br+ ! little dry plate & ! quantum ( pyro toge!r1 s t !y may tell a /ory1 ! con/antly v>y+ *anges ( :i* w af=d ev] r5ew+ delight1 a pleasure ga9$ )\t undue fatigue & nev] foll[$ by regret or pa94 ,"o little gem ( a negative or transp>5cy w af=d ! mak] m real pleasure1 ?an _m a co/li] amusem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,outdoor ,sc5e ) ,amateur ,photograph]1 ,dog & ,*ildr54 ,,! ,,amateur ,,outfit4 ,! numb] & v>iety ( outfits manufactur$ = ! use ( amateurs are s great t ! "q ( selection becomes "o ( m ?an ord9>y int]e/ & importance4 ,inde$1 ?is fact is impress$ ^u ! m9d & fully e/abli%$ :5 "o und]takes p#adc to inspect & exam9e ! v>iety exhibit$ by "o h\se alone1 b :5 "o has se5 ! /ock ( all ! diff]5t l>ge conc]ns & has exam9$ ! bewild]+ v>iety1 he becomes aw>e ( ! imm5sity ( ! dem& t has br\ght into exi/5ce su* an enorm\s supply2 = "h1 beside ! toy outfit = ! *ild ( t5 or twelve ye>s1 he w see ! p]fect equipm5t = ! pr(essional photograph]1 & e possible grade betwe51 9 e /yle ( f9i% & ornam5tation1 & all suppli$ ) s _m appliances = easy h&l+ & accurate adju/m5t z to a/oni% "o at ! am\nt ( skill & +5uity exhibit$ by ! mak]s4 ,x is n ! int5tion ( ! writ] ( ^! pages to describe ?is great v>iety ( app>atus2 hav+ himself us$ ) success & pleasure ! in/rum5ts ( ! great h\se ( ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,an?ony ,co41 he w m]ely po9t out "s ( ! advantages ( & ! valuable improvem5ts lately add$ to _! amateur photographic equipm5ts4 ,! amateur prep>+ = ! field w f9d x necess>y to provide himself fir/ ) ! app>atus necess>y to ! mak+ ( negatives2 ^! articles con/itute ! view+ outfit4 ,hav+ made himself famili> ) ! use ( ! cam]a & l5s1 he may next provide himself ) ! *emical con/itu5ts ( ! develop] & proce$ to develop 8 own plates4 ,^! *emicals & ! necess>y di%es1 etc41 con/itute ! develop+ outfit4 ,x is recomm5d$ t ! beg9n] conf9e himself at fir/ to ! prelim9>y ( select+ 8 views & mak+ ! exposures1 tak+ 8 plates to "s photographic e/abli%m5t to be develop$1 :]e he p#add may le>n z to ! correctness ( exposure1 & receive su* in=mation 9 connection !re) z may be ( b5efit aft]w>ds4 ,hav+ made himself some:at pr(ici5t 9 expos+1 he may !n take up ! developm5t & enjoy ! true delight ( ! amateur 9 witness+ ! gr[+ ( ! picture ^u 8 develop+ plate4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 !n1 we w proce$ to consid]1 describe & expla9 ! app>atus ( an outfit1 ! con/ruction !re(1 & h[ to use ! same4 ,,! ,,view+ ,,outfit ,,consi/s ,,(3 ,s5sitive dry plates & ,plate hold]s or %ields1 ,! ,cam]a box1 ,! view l5s1 ,! tripod or ,cam]a /&1 ,! in/antane\s %utt]1 ,! focuss+ clo?1 & a ,c>ry+ box to conta9 ! :ole4 ,x is necess>y t ! beg9n] %\ld receive "s in/ruction 9 ! use ( ea* ( ^! articles1 & = t purpose we w consid] !m 9 ! ord] above giv54 ,,dry ,,plates4 ,! manufacture ( dry plates has n[ rea*$ su* a /ate ( p]fection t ! pur*as] may procure !m ( e grade ( s5sitiv5ess1 ea* ( ! sev]al grades ( a p]fect uni=mity & all ( !m v free f imp]fections & blemi%es4 ,& also ! prices h be5 s r$uc$ ( late t ! inc5tive to manufacture on ! "p ( individuals = _! own use is almo/ entirely lack+4 ,h[ev]1 !re may be f\nd p#ade a c]ta9 int]e/ & fasc9ation 9 prep>+ plates = "o's own use1 :i* w\ld prompt "s to incur ! outlay & tr\ble incid5tal to su* a c\rse1 & = ^? full in/ructions & =mul may be f\nd 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is book4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be f\nd1 aft] due trial1 t = "w ( importance1 & :]e c]ta9ty ( results is desir$1 x w be bett] to procure ! plates ( "s mak] ( e/abli%$ reputation1 & ( su* a grade ( s5sitiv5ess z w be mo/ suitable = ! "w 9 h&4 ,c]ta9 mak]s ( dry plates use ! ,s5sitomet] to asc]ta9 ! degree ( rapidity ( ea* & e emulsion produc$ 9 _! works4 ,! asc]ta9$ degree ( rapidity is indicat$ on ea* box ( plates by ! ,s5sitomet] numb]--! high] ! numb]1 ! m s5sitive ! plate4 ,! highe/ numb]s atta9$ up to ?is "t are f #bj to #be1 & ^! numb]s w\ld indicate a v high degree ( s5sitiv5ess1 su* z r5d] plates ( #bc to #be q suitable = "w requir+ ! %orte/ possible1 9 fact1 in/antane\s1 exposures1 su* z bodies 9 motion across ! plane ( focus4 ,views ( /ill life are bett] made ) plates ( a less] degree ( rapidity4 ,! h&l+ ( dry plates ( su* extreme rapidity requires great c>e4 ,! boxes %\ld nev] be op5$1 ev5 ! out] wrapp+s %\ld n be remov$1 except 9 ! d>k5$ room & by su* a light z t produc$ by ,c>butt's dry plate lant]n or "s simil> device4 ,:5 plates are tak5 f ! boxes = ! purpose ( fitt+ ! hold]s1 !y w be f\nd to h "o cle>1 smoo? & %9+ surface4 ,?is is ! back ( ! plate & is cle> p#adf glass2 ! o!r surface is ( ! same color1 b ( a mat or dead color1 n reflect+ s mu* light4 ,?is is ! s5sitive surface1 & be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! hold] or %ield x %\ld be bru%$ ) a s(t1 flat camel's hair bl5d]1 to remove any du/ t may be atta*$ to ! surface4 ,?is bru% %\ld be us$ = no o!r purpose2 & %\ld be us$ )\t pressure1 m]ely t\*+ ! surface ( ! plate4 ,! plate may !n be put 9 ! plate c>ri] ( ! %ield1 ) ! s5sitive surface outw>d1 & :5 ! c>ri] is run into its place 9 ! hold]1 ! s5sitive surface is next ! slide or door4 ,x is ( "s importance t att5tion %\ld be giv5 to ?is manipulation1 z x n unfrequ5tly occurs t ! wrong side ( ! plate is turn$ outw>d & ! image1 :5 ! plate is expos$1 is made ?r\gh ! glass & aga9/ ! back ( ! film1 & is rev]s$ & ?us r5d]$ wor?less1 ev5 %\ld a good impression h be5 secur$4 ,! hold]s or %ields = dry plates = out-door "w are always--except 9 ! l>ge/ sizes--made d\ble1 ea* hold] conta9+ two plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,pat5t ,,p]fect ,,d\ble ,,dry ,,plate ,,hold]s ,,or ,,%ields4 p#adg ,! diagram exhibits ! plate hold]1 #c1 ) ! plate c>ri]1 #a1 p>tly drawn out2 ! slide or door correspond+ to #b is )drawn to %[ ! int]ior ( ! hold]1 #c1 & ! spr+ t presses ! plate into focus1 :5 pu%$ into ! c>ri]1 #a4 ,?is c>ri] pres5ts ! same appe>ance on ! o!r side & w hold two plates4 ,:5 fill$ ) plates1 x is pu%$ into its place 9 ! hold]1 #c1 & ! brass loops or fa/5]s1 #d1 are press$ d[n flat1 ?us securely hold+ x 9 place4 ,:5 ! hold] is put 9 place at ! back ( ! ,cam]a ! slide1 #b1 next ! box1 is pull$ out quickly & 9 a p]fectly level position1 s t ! spr+ %ut-(f may close in/antly & p]mit no light to ent] ! op5+4 ,! l5s mu/ be cov]$ be=e ! slide is pull$ out4 ,! exposure is !n made & ! slide is return$ to its place 9 ! same mann]1 c>efully obs]v+ t "o corn] is n ent]$ fir/1 b ! end mu/ be ins]t$ into ! groove squ>ely & pu%$ quickly home4 ,if ano!r exposure is to be made imm$iately1 ! hold] is remov$ & ! opposite side plac$ next ! box1 & ! same process is repeat$1 cov]+ ! l5s1 remov+ ! slide1 make ! exposure by remov+ ! cov] ( ! l5s & replac+ x1 !n return ! slide to its place4 ,:5 a second exposure is n made at once1 ) a p5cil or 9 "s o!r mann] m>k ! side t has be5 expos$1 to prev5t any mi/ake4 ,:5 bo? plates are expos$1 return ! hold] to ! c>ry+ case & take ! next1 if y c>ry m ?an "o4 ,usually a half doz5 hold]s are c>ri$1 :i* gives comm& ( "o doz5 plates1 :i* %\ld be q en\gh = "o out+4 p#adh ,hav+ expos$ ! plates1 ! hold]s are return$ to ! c>ry+ case1 & %\ld n be remov$ !refrom until !y are tak5 into ! d>k room = developm5t1 :51 by ! aid ( "s safe light1 !y may be remov$ f ! hold]s1 "o at a "t1 & develop$1 or all tak5 out & put into a negative box1 to be ready = developm5t :5 conv5i5t4 ,,! ,,view ,,cam]a ,,= ,,amateurs4 ,9 an article on ,cam]as1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 we h giv5 a v accurate description ( ! ,view ,cam]a = pr(essional photograph]s4 ,! ,view ,cam]a1 z manufactur$ = amateurs1 is small]1 light] & m compact1 &1 9 _m cases1 m highly f9i%$ & ornam5t$ ?an ^? made to /& ! r\gh usage ( h>d "w4 ,beg9n+ ) ! smalle/1 we h ! ,,detective ,,cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*mid',s ,,pat5t ,,detective ,,cam]a4 ,pat5t$ ,janu>y #b;d1 #ahhc4 ,?is ,cam]a is focuss$ once = all by means ( a gr\nd glass :i* slides 9 ! place to be aft]w>ds p#adi occupi$ by ! d\ble dry-plate hold]1 = objects ( v>i\s di/ances1 & ! position ( ! focuss+ lev] on top ( ! ,cam]a is m>k$ = ea* di/ance4 ,aft] ?is ! gr\nd glass may be entirely disp5s$ )1 z x is !n only necess>y to e/imate ! di/ance ( ! object to be photograph$1 & move ! focuss+ lev] to ! m>k correspond+ to t di/ance1 :5 ! ,cam]a w obvi\sly be 9 focus4 ,! small l5s 9 ! upp] left-h& corn] s]ves to ?r[ ! picture on a piece ( gr\nd glass on ! top ( ! ,cam]a1 ?us %[+ ! position ( ! image on ! plate4 ,:5 ! picture appe>s 9 prop] position on ?is gr\nd glass1 x is only necess>y to t\* ! button on ! "r ( ! ,cam]a1 & ! exposure ( ! plate is in/antly made1 its developm5t be+ aft]w>d accompli%$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,! slide is !n replac$ 9 ! plate-hold]1 :i*1 be+ rev]s$1 ! %utt] reset & ! o!r slide drawn out1 ev]y?+ is ready = ! next %ot4 ,?is ,cam]a is made to c>ry 9 ! h&1 & is held aga9/ ! side "u ! arm :ile exposures are made4 ,a tripod or /& is n requir$4 ,! plate-hold]s are c>ri$ 9 a small sat*el1 ) a /rap pass+ ov] ! %\ld]4 ,! new s5sitive pap] film1 h[ev]1 obviates ! necessity ( c>ry+ m ?an "o hold]1 :i* w conta9 a b& on :i* may be made #bd exposures1 & :i* is ( no great] weight ?an "o ( ! d\ble hold]s :5 fill$ ) #b glass plates4 ,?is ,cam]a is calculat$ to make pictures #c-a_/d by #d-a_/d in*es 9 size1 & !y are te*nically call$ qu>t] plate size4 p#aej ,,! ,,pat5t ,,bij\ ,,cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,= #c-a_/dd-a_/d ,plate4 ,?is little ,cam]a is ! neate/1 nattie/ & altoge!r nice/ ,cam]a ( its k9d ev] made4 ,:5 fold$ x measures #eec-a_/b in*es1 & c readily be put 9 an ord9>y h&-grip1 or may ev5 be c>ri$ 9 ! ov]coat pocket4 ,x weighs only #ad-a_/b ounces1 & ! hold]s are correspond+ly light & compact4 ,x has a slid+ front1 h+$ gr\nd glass1 & fold+ b$1 :i* is provid$ ) a novel arrangem5t = fix+ x 9 position1 enabl+ ! op]ator to adju/ x 9 a few seconds4 ,x is made ( mahogany1 ) a new h>d f9i%1 flexible bell[s & brass m\nt+s1 mak+ a rem>kably elegant little in/rum5t4 ,z ! plate is ! same size z ^? us$ ) magic lant]ns1 slides may be made f !m by contact pr9t+ 9 an ord9>y pr9t+ frame4 ,by us+ rapid pr9t+ pap] 9 connection ) ! enl>g+ lant]n1 ! pictures may be made z l>ge z desir$4 ,= t\ri/s1 to :om weight & bulk are objections1 ?is ,cam]a is ( especial value4 ,! introduction ( ! ,s*mid ,detective ,cam]a 0 a pron\nc$ success4 ,! popul> favor ) :i* x 0 receiv$ /imulat$ ! manufactur]s to p#aea great] ex]tions to supply a p]fect & effective in/rum5t1 aga9/ :i* no objections :atev] c\ld possibly be rais$4 ,) ?is object 9 view1 !y h plac$ on ! m>ket ,,an?ony',s ,,pat5t ,,sat*el ,,detective ,,cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,an?ony's ,pat5t ,sat*el ,detective ,cam]a4 ,9 outw>d appe>ance1 & to ! ord9>y obs]v]1 ?is late/ modification ( ! ,detective ,cam]a looks exactly l an alligator h&-sat*el t is c>ri$ by a %\ld]-/rap at ! side ( ! p$e/rian4 ,^u clos] obs]vation1 "o sees t x consi/s ( an artfully conceal$ ,detective ,cam]a1 9 :i* all ! v>i\s movem5ts to secure a picture are situat$ ^u ! "u side4 ,= use1 ! ,cam]a is held s t ! base ( ! sat*el re/s aga9/ ! body ( ! op]ator4 ,by means ( a brass pull at ! side ! %utt] is set4 ,a plate 9 ! regul> hold] is plac$ 9 position at ! back cf ! ,cam]a1 & ! slide is drawn ready = exposure4 ,! release ( a %ort cat* exposes ! front ( ! %utt] ready = action1 p#aeb & by rais+ a small lea!r-cov]$ lid ! little cam]a obscura1 call$ ! f9d]1 on ! 7n[7 upp] side ( ! ,cam]a1 %[s ! position t ! object w occupy on ! plate4 ,! slighte/ t\* ^u a small brass button releases ! %utt]1 & ! exposure is made4 ,replac+ ! slide 9 ! plate-hold]1 rev]s+ ! hold]1 & sett+ ! %utt] aga91 leaves ! app>atus 9 read9ess = ano!r %ot1 :5 ! plate-hold] slide is )drawn z be=e4 ,by remov+ a screw t takes ! place ( ! spr+ lock ( an ord9>y sat*el1 ! ,cam]a prop] c be remov$ f its cov]1 & a tripod screw s]ves to atta* ! ,cam]a to a tripod = ord9>y use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,an?ony's ,detective ,cam]a ,prop]4 ,?is la/ =m ( ! ,detective ,cam]a all[s ! op]ator to c>ry ) him twelve plates 9 ! int]ior ( ! app>atus1 & s c>efully pack$ away t no light c /rike !m4 ,x is also furni%$ ) an p#aec +5i\s atta*m5t by :i* ! spe$ ( ! %utt] c be regulat$ to suit ! spe$ ( ! object1 mov+ ) great] or less velocity2 :ile1 by simply releas+ a cat*1 "t exposures c be made at ! w ( ! op]ator4 ,9 fact ! :ole affair is ! late/ a*ievem5t 9 +5i\s & compact light photographic app>atus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cam]a ,,%[+ ,,! ,,deta*m5t ,,( ,,sat*el4 ,,amateur ,,equipm5ts ,,= ,,field ,,"w4 ,! manufactur]s ( ^! goods1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ^? at a di/ance :o might desire to ord] by p#aed mail1 h classifi$ & catalogu$ ^! outfits ( ! v>i\s sizes z view equipm5ts1 & h numb]$ !m f #a upw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,equipm5t ,,no4 #a4 ,/a9$ ,cam]a1 = mak+ pictures v]tically or horizontally1 measur+ #de in*es1 ) "o d\ble dry-plate hold]1 f9e s+le a*romatic l5s1 improv$ tripod1 & c>ry+ case4 ,?is is call$ ! #aj equipm5t1 & by :i* v beautiful & p]fect "w may be done1 examples ( :i*1 z negatives & transp>5cies1 may be se5 at ! w>]ooms1 & only ne$ to be se5 to be admir$4 ,= a complete descriptive catalogue ( ^! goods1 s5d to ,messrs4 ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,an?ony ,co4 ,,! ,,fairy ,,cam]a4 ,!re has long be5 a dem& on ! "p ( ! public = a ,cam]a t w\ld at once embrace ^! mo/ necess>y requirem5ts--portability1 compactness & /r5g?1 comb9$ ) beauty & accuracy ( work+4 ,hi!rto ! ne>e/ approa* to ?is has be5 ! ,novel ,cam]a1 :i* = a "t seem$ to be ev]y?+ p#aee t c\ld be desir$4 ,b urg5t calls = some?+ /ill bett] 7 frequ5tly made1 & ! result is ! ,fairy ,cam]a1 by f> ! mo/ attractive & elegant piece ( app>atus ( its k9d ev] (f]$4 ,9 pres5t+ x1 att5tion is invit$ to ! foll[+ advantages x possesses ov] all o!rs4 ,/r5g?4--,!y are put toge!r z rigidly z wood & metal w admit (1 & are !re=e p]fectly rigid4 ,compactness4--,!y occupy less space ?an any o!r view ,cam]as ( ! same capacity1 & ! plate-hold]s actually require little m ?an "o-half ! room ( ! lighte/ ( any o!rs 9 use4 ,! plate-hold]s are made ( h>d wood1 ) metal c>ri]s = ! plates1 & fitt$ ) all ! lat] improvem5ts4 ,portability4--,! small compass to :i* !y may be r$uc$ r5d]s !m 9 ?is respect incomp>ably sup]ior to any4 ,!y are pack$ 9 canvas-cov]$ wood5 cases1 & ea* d\ble plate-hold] has its own comp>tm5t4 ,! cov] ( its case telescopes ov] its body4 ,sev]al new features h be5 avail$ ( 9 ! con/ruction ( ?is ,cam]a1 to wit3 ,! b$ may be in/antly r5d]$ rigid1 )\t ! use ( screws1 by means ( a brace ( hooks1 t hold ! two sections ( ! b$ ) great firmness4 ,secondly4--,! rabbet commonly f\nd on ! plate-hold] is disp5s$ )1 & in/ead1 x is plac$ on ! ,cam]a1 ?us sav+ ! o!rwise additional weight r5d]$ necess>y = twelve su* rabbets :5 made on ! plate-hold]s 7two on ea* ( ! six usually c>ri$71 & ! n inconsid]able item ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 bulk4 ,?ird4--,! ,cam]a is focuss$ ) a long1 cont9u\s p#aef metallic rack1 cog-:eel & p9ion1 ! latt] be+ held firmly 9 position by a b9d+ screw4 ,! gr\nd glass sw+s backw>d 9 its frame1 l t 9 ! regul> ,novel ,cam]a1 & is held tightly 9 position by metallic spr+ corn]s4 ,:5 w9dy1 ?is is a decid$ advantage4 ,! ,fairy ,cam]a is made 9 f9ely poli%$ mahogany1 ! metal "w be+ nickel-plat$1 ?us mak+ x ! mo/ elegant & p]fect ,cam]a kn[n4 ,!y are made ) & )\t /]eoscopic atta*m5ts4 ,naturally1 ^? )\t /]eoscopic atta*m5ts are light] & m compact ?an ^? )1 & may be pref]r$ by p]sons desir+ to make s+le views or portraits only4 ,^! ,cam]as are made 9 f\r sizes only--f #d-a_/df-a_/b to #haj4 ,^? desir+ a l>g] ,cam]a %\ld procure ! ,novel ,cam]a1 :i* is manufactur$ ( all sizes up to #ahbb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,novel ,,cam]a ,,) ,,d\ble ,,sw+ ,,back ,,9 ,,! ,,act ,,( ,,be+ ,,rev]s$4 p#aeg ,an +5i\s improvem5t has be5 introduc$ 9 connection ) ! ,fairy & ,novelette ,cam]as1 :i* is %[n 9 ! cut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,+5i\s ,improvem5t4 ,x consi/s 9 ! use1 ) a #eh ,cam]a1 an additional body & bell[s = #haj1 :i* c be atta*$ to ! front & b$ ( ! #eh on removal ( ! #eh bell[s to back4 ,?is sub/itution c be made 9 a few seconds1 giv+ ! us] ! comm& ( two ,cam]as at small exp5se4 ,,! ,,view ,,l5s4 7,see article on l5ses 9 ,"p ,fir/47 ,view l5ses may be class$ 9 two gr\ps3 ,s+le comb9ation l5ses & d\ble comb9ation l5ses4 ,s+le comb9ation l5ses are int5d$ = produc+ pictures ( inanimate objects1 9 ! production ( :i* ! "t ( exposure is ( m9or importance4 ,!y are ( great] focal l5g? ?an ! d\ble1 &1 on acc\nt ( _! simple =m1 are less exp5sive4 ,! comb9ation consi/s ( a m5iscus1 compos$ ( two l5ses1 "o conv]g5t1 ! o!r div]g5t4 ,! two are cem5t$ toge!r1 s t only two surfaces are pres5t$ to reflect light4 ,?is l5s is well calculat$ p#aeh = out-door "w1 b does n give su* r\ndness ( =m nor su* delicacy & f9i% z may be obta9$ by ! d\ble comb9ation4 ,b x has great] dep? ( focus1 &1 hav+ b two reflexive surfaces1 fits x peculi>ly = views ( foliage1 & enables x to "w into ! gre5 ( ! l&scape m completely & vigor\sly4 ,! s+le l5s is n free f di/ortion4 ,! m>g9al rays are apt to give ! b>rel-%ape figure to ! view1 b = l&scapes ?is is practically ( little or no consequ5ce4 ,! small] sizes ( s+le l5ses are m effective ?an ! l>g]4 ,!y are quick] & h mu* less di/ortion1 & :5 /opp$ v small h practically none4 ,,! ,,d\ble ,,comb9ation is =m$ by rev]s+ ! s+le l5s & mak+ x ! front l5s ( ! d\ble comb9ation1 & add+ a simil>ly con/ruct$ a*romatic l5s to ! re>4 ,^! l5ses are indisp5sable = v rapid "w & = "w requir+ /raight l9es4 ,z ! d\ble comb9ation is m p]fectly correct$ = sph]ical ab]ration1 x is bett] adapt$ = ar*itectural & o!r "w n admitt+ ( di/ortion4 ,( ?is class ( l5ses we w\ld recomm5d ,,an?ony',s ,,rapid ,,dry ,,plate ,,l5s1 p#aei :i* has a d\ble a*romatic comb9ation = mak+ in/antane\s views1 portraits gr\ps1 etc41 & w meet all ! requirem5ts ( ^? :o d n c>e to incur ! exp5se ( a ,dallmey] or o!r fir/-class l5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,rapid ,,dry ,,plate ,,l5s ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,platyscope ,,l5s ,( a high] class is ,,! ,,platyscope ,,l5s1 :i* is a rectil9e> or p]fectly correct$ l5s ( great work+ rapidity1 & is well suit$ = all ! requirem5ts ( ! amateur2 & z to price1 x holds a middle place & next to ! ,,dallmey]',s ,,rapid ,,rectil9e> ,,l5s1 :i* is ! mo/ p]fect in/rum5t at pres5t kn[n to ! pr(ession1 & is almo/ univ]sally us$ by pr(essional out-door photograph]s & by all amateurs :o c>e to produce ! f9e/ possible "w4 ,?is l5s might be consid]$ indisp5sable = all p#afj "w requir+ an in/antane\s exposure1 z by means ( ! dry plate & ! drop %utt] "s v rem>kable pictures h be5 made ( bodies 9 rapid motion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dallmey]',s ,,rapid ,,rectil9e> ,,l5s ,,wide ,,angle ,,l5ses4 ,!re is ano!r class ( l5ses ( d\ble comb9ation1 :i* are call$ wide angle l5ses4 ,!y are con/ruct$ to embrace an angle ( f #ij to #ajj degrees1 & are !re=e indisp5sable = use 9 conf9$ situations1 su* z n>r[ /reets & int]iors4 ,!y are also capable ( be+ us$ ) advantage = all ! purposes ( a view-l5s1 _! only disadvantage be+ t !y are n s rapid z l5ses ( a less] angle4 ,= c]ta9 subjects ! back l5s ( ! comb9ation may be remov$ & ! front l5s us$ 9 ! same mann] z an ord9>y l&scape l5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,e4 ,a4 ,,wide ,,angle-,,l5s ,,! ,e4 ,a4 ,,wide ,,angle-,,l5s is ( ?is class1 & be+ ( %ort focus & made on ! rectil9e> pr9ciple1 x is a useful l5s = all ! purposes already enum]at$1 & = ar*itectural subjects1 z well z = copy+ ( maps1 draw+s1 pr9t$ matt]1 etc41 etc4 ,e amateur %\ld possess "o ( ^! l5ses1 z p#afa well z "o ( ! m rapid-act+ l5ses = in/antane\s "w1 unless he c well af=d to get ! be/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dallmey]',s ,,wide-,,angle ,,rectil9e> ,,l5s ,,dallmey]',s ,,wide-,,angle ,,rectil9e> ,,l5s w completely fill ! bill4 ,?is l5s consi/s ( two cem5t$ comb9ations1 ea* compos$ ( a deep m5iscus cr[n & a deep concavo-convex fl9t glass l5s4 ,unlike o!r l5ses ( ?is class ! d5se refract+ m$ium--! fl9t--is made to occupy ! ext]nal position 9 bo? comb9ations1 & ?\gh bo? are deep m5isci ext]nally1 & ( ne>ly ! same focal l5g?s1 ! front comb9ation is ( l>g] diamet] & great] curvature ?an ! back1 & betwe5 ! two1 divid+ ! space 9 ! proportion ( _! respective diamet]s1 is plac$ ! revolv+ diaphragm1 ) graduat$ op5+s1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* is ,f4 #ae4 ,an important *>act]i/ic ( ?is in/rum5t1 besides ! me?od ( a*romatization1 is ! ?9ness ( ! l5ses1 ?us (f]+ less ob/ruction to ! passage ( ! light1 con/itut+ ^! l5ses ! quicke/ act+ ( _! k9d4 ,! outfit1 :i* includes a ,dallmey] wide angle & a ,dallmey] rapid rectil9e>1 may be said to be prep>$ to d all "w )9 ! range ( photography4 ,e outfit %\ld include a piece ( f9e1 s(t *amois p#afb sk9 = clean+ ! l5ses2 x w (t5 be f\nd t moi/ure & du/ obscure ! image 9 ! gr\nd glass2 :5 su* is ! case ! l5ses %\ld be unscrew$ & c>efully clean$ ) ! *amois4 ,& :5 c>ry+1 x w\ld be well to wrap ea* l5s 9 a piece ( *amois4 ,l5ses ?us c>efully kept w repay ! tr\ble 9 f9e1 cle> & incisive "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fairy ,,tripod ,,! ,,tripod ,,or ,,cam]a ,,/&4 ,!re are a v>iety ( ^! /&s manufactur$1 ! two pr9cipal ( :i* are ! ,telescopic leg1 ,fig4 #a1 & ! ,fold+ leg1 ,fig4 #b4 ,among ! light] /&s or tripods p#afc ,,! ,,fairy ,,tripod des]ves p>ticul> m5tion1 be+ less ?an two p\nds 7#b lbs47 9 weight & fold+ to a l5g? ( #af in*es only4 ,:5 plac$ 9 its neat lea!r case1 ) %\ld]-/raps = c>ry+1 x is ! smalle/ & lighte/ practical tripod t has yet be5 (f]$ to ! public4 ,! tripod1 :5 n 9 use1 is tak5 ap>t1 ! top plac$ 9 ! c>ry+ box1 & ! legs fold$ or telescop$ & ti$ toge!r4 ,:5 set up = "w be sure to h ! tripod top level1 :i* may easily be done by adju/+ ! legs to ! inequalities ( ! gr\nd4 ,! ,cam]a is fa/5$ to ! tripod top by a ?umb-screw1 :i* passes up f b5ea?1 ?r\gh ! tripod top1 & into ! leg ( ! box4 ,:5 adju/$ tight5 ! screw firmly4 p#afd ,,! ,,in/antane\s ,,%utt]4 ,! rapid dry plate & ! quick act+ l5s h creat$ a necessity = a %utt] t w\ld make an in/antane\s exposure1 9 ord] t %>p pictures might be made ( objects 9 motion4 ,?is has be5 accompli%$ 9 a v>iety ( =ms1 ! e>lie/ & simple/ ( :i* is ,,! ,,drop ,,%utt]1 :i* consi/s ( two pieces ( wood1 ea* hav+ a hole cut into x1 & s arrang$ t :5 "o piece is plac$ ^u ! end or hood ( ! l5s 7:i* fits into ! circul> op5+71 ! o!r piece c be made to slide up & d[n aga9/ x1 ?us = an in/ant br++ ! two op5+s opposite1 & mak+ ! exposure dep5d ^u ! rapidity ) :i* "o op5+ passes ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,fig4 #a repres5ts ! common =m1 9 :i* ! release is made by ! )drawal ( a metal cat*1 :i* fits ! ind5t 9 ! side ( ! slid+ upright piece4 ,fig4 #b repres5ts an improv$ =m1 9 :i* ! release is made by press+ a rubb] bulb connect$ ) a rubb] tube atta*$ to a metal valve4 ,! action ( bo? ^! /yles ( drop %utt] may be ha/5$ by us+ rubb] p#afe b&s to quick5 ! fall ( ! slid+ piece1 z repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #b by ,a & ,b4 ,s t :ile a rapid exposure might be made by ! fall ( ! slide1 by its own weight1 x w\ld n be quick en\gh = an object mov+ across ! plane ( focus1 b might be suffici5t = an object mov+ away f or t[>d ! l5s4 ,by ! use ( ! rubb] b&s ! exposure may be made z quick z a fla%1 or ! small fraction ( a second1 ?us enabl+ "o to secure a %>p impression ( ! trott+ horse1 ! railroad tra91 ! rac+ ya*t1 & _m o!r int]e/+ & difficult subjects4 ,ano!r peculi>ly effective =m ( %utt] is t kn[n z ,,! ,,pros* ,,eclipse ,,%utt]1 :i* is a small & compact in/rum5t1 made ( metal & rubb]1 by :i* an exposure ( #a_/bjj "p ( a second may be made1 ) ! p[] ( r$uc+ ! spe$ to ab\t "o-half second4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pros* ,,eclipse ,,%utt] p#aff ,a late & decid$ improvem5t on ! ,eclipse ,%utt] has be5 produc$ by ,mr4 ,pros*1 :i* he has nam$ ! ,duplex4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,pros*'s ,duplex ,%utt]4 ,pros*'s ,duplex ,%utt] is int5d$ bo? = tim$ & in/antane\s exposures4 ,x is equal to any requirem5t = ! mo/ rapid "w1 & z a "t %utt]1 exposures c be made ( f "o-half second to any duration requir$4 ,! peculi>ity ( ?is %utt] is t ! expos+ slides are plac$ betwe5 ! front & back comb9ations ( ! l5s1 necessitat+ a sep>ation ( ! tube at ! c5tre4 p#afg ,mr4 ,pros* makes a special tube to :i* is affix$ ! app>atus ( ! %utt]4 ,?is special tube is ( ! exact size ( t to :i* ! l5ses belong1 f :i* ! l5ses are tak5 & fitt$ to ! special tube4 ,! o!r is kept = future use if necess>y4 ,,! ,,c>ry+ ,,box4 ,all ?is app>atus is1 ) ! exception ( ! tripod1 enclos$ 9 a neat c>ry+ case1 ) a telescopic cov]1 & is c>ri$ ) a h&-/rap4 ,! box conta9s sep>ate places = f "o to six d\ble hold]s1 z may be desir$4 ,& !re is room = ! head-clo?1 & an extra box ( plates if necess>y4 ,! head-clo? furni%$ ) ?is app>atus is a light rubb]-cov]$ musl91 ab\t a y>d or a y>d & a qu>t] squ>e1 & its pr9cipal use is to cov] ! head & exclude light f ! gr\nd-glass :ile adju/+ ! focus4 ,x may also be us$ to cov] ! app>atus if caught out 9 a %[]1 or to wrap ! c>ry+ case 9 "u ! same circum/ances4 ,,! ,,develop+ ,,outfit ,,= ,,amateurs4 ,! amateur is recomm5d$ to get "s exp]i5ce 9 mak+ exposures be=e attempt+ to develop4 ,by tak+ plates to "s photographic e/abli%m5t = developm5t1 & obs]v+ c>efully ! me?od ( manipulat+ !m1 "o w soon le>n ab\t ! prop] exposure to all[2 & !n ! advice ( ! op]ator may be ( "s value4 ,!re may1 h[ev]1 be "s :o are s situat$ z to be unable to avail !mselves ( su* an opportunity1 & are compell$ to rely on pr9t$ in/ructions = all !y h to d4 ,to su* we h only to say1 p#afh ,,d ,,n ,,ov]-,,expose1 !n g ahead & d ! be/ y c4 ,! outfit = developm5t w\ld consi/ fir/ ( ! app>atus or di%es2 second1 ( ! *emical compon5ts ( ! develop]1 & ! cle>+ & fix+ solutions4 ,! di%es or app>atus are3 ,develop+ trays1 ,tray or di% = alum solution1 ,tray or di% = fix+ solution1 ,wa%+ box1 ,negative racks1 ,glass /opp]$ bottles1 #b ( #a lb4 ea* = pyro & soda1 #b ( #a_/b gallon ea* = oxalate & iron1 #b ( #a_/b gallon ea* = alum & hypo1 ,glass graduates1 #a ( #h oz41 #a ( #a oz1 ,glass funnels1 ,filt]+ pap]1 ,a balance scales = weigh+ #a gra9 to #a_/d lb4 ,! develop+ tray is made ( japann$ iron1 ( ebonite or ( h>d rubb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,japann$ ,,iron ,,develop+ ,,trays4 ,^! are all made to suit ! v>i\s sizes ( plates 9 use2 ! japann$ iron trays are ! *eape/1 b !y we> out rapidly2 ! ebonite trays are r p#afi high] 9 price1 b !y are m durable1 & h a clean poli%$ surface4 ,! h>d rubb] di%es are ! mo/ exp5sive1 & p]haps ! mo/ durable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ebonite ,,trays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,glass ,,ba?s ,,9 ,,boxes4 ,! amateur %\ld procure 8 trays ( a size suitable = ! l>ge/ plate he uses1 & %\ld h two or m on h& always = develop+ purposes4 ,^! di%es are also suitable = ! cle>+ & fix+ solutions2 b = ^! solutions ! upright ba? di% & dipp] are bett] = sev]al reasons2 fir/1 because !re is less evaporation2 second1 all s$im5t s9ks to ! bottom1 & ! solution is always clean2 & la/1 b n lea/1 !y take up less room4 ,,! ,,wa%+ ,,box4 ,! gelat9e plate requires mu* & prolong$ p#agj wa%+ to free x f ! solutions by :i* x is develop$ & fix$1 & :i*1 if n ?or\ghly wa%$ f ! film1 w\ld ultimately injure & p]haps di/roy x ,an app>atus has be5 devis$ = wa%+ dry plates1 :i* may be adapt$ to any size plate f #de to #haj4 ,x has a p]=at$ false bottom1 ! wat] is receiv$ into ! box b5ea? ! bottom1 passes up ?r\gh ! p]=ations & out ?r\gh a pipe at ! side2 ! plates are plac$ 9 ! grooves & re/ on ! false bottom4 ,! =ce ( ! wat] is *eck$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! false bottom & fl[s ev5ly up ?r\gh ! plates4 ,a half h\r ( wa%+ 9 ?is box w\ld be q en\gh to ?or\ghly cleanse ! film f hypo1 etc4 ,ano!r & v effective model is ! ,,an?ony ,,self-,,*ang+ ,,%[] ,,wa%+ ,,box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony ,,self-,,*ang+ ,,%[] ,,wa%+ ,,box4 p#aga ,! ,an?ony ,self-,*ang+ ,%[] ,wa%+ ,box = dry plate negatives is a nicely con/ruct$ & conv5i5t app>atus4 ,made sub/antially1 & well japann$ inside & out1 x has int]ior grooves 9 :i* ei!r #eh or #haj negatives may be plac$4 ,:5 ! negatives are introduc$1 ! hose is atta*$ to a faucet2 ! lid is n[ clos$ & lock$ if desir$1 & ! wat] turn$ on4 ,x w be se5 t ! wat] ent]s ! wa%] f above1 & t ! inside ( ! lid is made 9 ! =m ( a p]=at$ f\nta91 :i* dis*>ges a spray ov] ! plates4 ,:5 ! negatives are entirely subm]g$1 ! wat] is all drawn (f by means ( a self-act+ syphon1 & ! process ( %[]+ is repeat$4 ,) ?is app>atus ! hypo c be ?or\ghly elim9at$ f ! gelat9e film 9 f fifte5 m9utes to half an h\r4 ,! *ange ( wat] is cont9u\s4 ,:5 ! plates are well wa%$ !y are remov$ f ! wa%+ box & set up 9 ,,negative ,,racks1 :]e !y w soon dry1 & :5 dry !y %\ld be /or$ 9 boxes to be kept free f dampness & du/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,fold+ ,,negative ,,rack4 p#agb ,illu/ration3 ,,negative ,,boxes4 ,^! boxes are made ( e size & are indisp5sable = ! prop] pres]vation ( dry plates4 ,,*emical ,,compon5ts ,,( ,,! ,,develop]4 ,! solutions = developm5ts1 bo? by ! neutral oxalate & ! alkal9e pyro processes1 %\ld be kept 9 air-tight glass-/opp]$ bottles2 9 fact1 rubb] /opp]s are sup]ior to glass = keep+ out ! air1 & :5 !y c be _h %\ld be pref]r$4 ,glass funnels & filt]+ pap] = filt]+ ! v>i\s solutions %\ld always be kept h&y = use4 ,glass graduates are q indisp5sable 9 prep>+ & mix+ ! develop+ solutions4 ,a balance scale is equally necess>y = ! same purpose4 ,! *emical con/itu5ts ( ! develop+ outfit are3 ,neutral oxalate ( pota%1 ,protosulphate ( iron1 = oxalate developm5t1 ,sulphite ( soda1 ,sal-soda or c>bonate ( soda1 ,c>bonate ( pota%1 p#agc ,bromide ( ammonium1 ,conc5trat$ ammonia1 ,pyrogallic acid1 = alkal9e pyro developm5t1 etc41 ,alum & citric acid1 = cle>+ solution1 ,hyposulphite ( soda1 = fix+ solution4 ,,! ,,amateur ,,d>k ,,room4 ,x is n necess>y t ! amateur %\ld h a ?or\ghly appo9t$ d>k room1 al?\gh su* a room is a great conv5i5ce & n at all difficult to con/ruct nor exp5sive to keep up4 ,^? desir+ to con/ruct a conv5i5t & safe d>k room %\ld consult ! article on d>k room 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is book4 ,su* a room might be put up 9 an out-build+ :]e runn+ wat] c\ld be _h1 b = occasional use ! ba?-room or any closet 9 ! h\se t conta9$ runn+ wat] & is l>ge en\gh to hold a small table w\ld answ] e purpose4 ,x w\ld be necess>y to /op e crevice t w\ld admit :ite light1 by cov]+ su* places ) heavy r$ orange pap]4 ,! w9d[1 if !re is "o1 may be cov]$ ) ! same pap] or a heavy %awl4 ,! room may !n be light$ com=tably ) ,c>butt's ,dry ,plate ,develop+ ,lant]n1 :i* may set ^u ! table ) ! develop+ tray be=e1 z 9 ! cut4 ,:5 abroad mak+ views x is sometimes necess>y to *ange ! plates 9 ! hold]s2 = ?is purpose c>ry ) y a ruby glass gas burn] *imney1 :i* is a pla9 cyl9d] ( ruby glass1 ab\t "o & a half in*es 9 diamet] & six to eight in*es long4 ,light a %ort piece ( c&le & set ! *imney ov] x2 ?is 9 any small d>k closet w give pl5ty ( p#agd light = ! purpose1 & inde$ might d to develop by at a p9*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lant]n ,,arrang$ ,,= ,,develop+1 ,,& ,,aft] ,,fix+1 ,,exam9+ ,,negatives ,,by ,,opal ,,light4 ,,f]r\s ,,oxalate ,,developm5t ,,( ,,dry ,,plates4 7,,ro*e47 ,fir/ make two /ock solutions z foll[s3 ,no4 #a4 ,a saturat$ solution ( oxalate ( pota% 7a p9t or qu>t7 & te/ ) blue litmus pap]4 ,if x does n %[ an acid reaction dissolve a little oxalic acid 9 wat] & add en\gh to ! solution to cause ! blue te/ pap] to turn r$4 ,?is solution %\ld be filt]$ = use4 ,no4 #b4 ,make a saturat$ solution ( pure sulphate ( iron1 & to "o qu>t add ?ree or five drops ( sulphuric acid1 to prev5t oxidation1 & filt]4 ,n[1 to develop a #ex#h plate1 take ?ree ounces ( ,no4 #a & to ?is add "o qu>t] ( a dram ( bromide ( potassium solution 7:i* is wat] "o ounce1 bromide ( potassium twelve gra9s71 !n add half an ounce ( ,no4 #b2 ?is =ms ! develop]4 p#age ,!n transf] ! plate to a develop+ disk1 & p\r ov] x ! develop]4 ,if ! picture comes out gradually & develops suffici5tly1 x is good s f>1 b if f "u-exposure ! details hang back & refuse to develop fur!r1 !n add two drams1 or half an ounce1 m ( ,no4 #b1 :i* w br+ out ! picture ) full details1 unless greatly "u-expos$4 ,nev] exce$ "o ounce ( ,no4 #b 7iron7 to ?ree ounces ( ,no4 #a 7pota%71 = if y d y w =m a s&y deposit & discont9ue ! action ( ! develop]4 ,always develop until ! picture seems sunk5 into ! surface4 ,d n judge by look+ ?r\gh ! negative only4 ,wa% & fix 9 hypo1 #a ounce2 wat]1 #h to #aj ounces4 ,aft] fix+1 wa% well4 ,= pictures tak5 in/antane\sly1 use no bromide 9 ! develop]4 ,,coop]',s ,,soda ,,develop]4 ,no4 #a4 ,an?ony's ,sodium ,sulphite ,cry/als #c_/d lb4 ,di/ill$ wat] #b qts4 ,an?ony's ,pyrogallic ,acid #b ozs4 ,no4 #b4 ,an?ony's ,sal ,soda ,cry/als #a_/b lb4 ,wat] #b qts4 ,to develop1 take ,no4 #a #b ozs4 ,no4 #b #b ,wat] #b ,= re/ra9+ ov]-exposure use ! above quantity ( develop]1 "o-half to "o dram ( ,bromide potassium #a oz4 ,wat] #f ,x is always advisable to use two develop+ trays1 p#agf & h ! normal develop] 9 "o & ! re/ra9$ develop] 9 ! o!r4 ,!n1 by *ang+ ! plate f "o tray to ! o!r1 ! "* ( ! negative is "u full control4 ,f\r to six plates c be develop$ 9 "o lot ( develop]4 ,?is develop] c be us$ = a numb] ( plates1 & gives f9e negatives ( good pr9t+ quality4 ,aft] developm5t1 return y\r old develop] to a /opp]$ bottle1 & keep = comm5c+ developm5t4 ,! reason = do+ ?is is z foll[s3 ,z a rule1 ,i give a little m "t ?an necess>y to make a full-tim$ negative1 &1 by comm5c+ ) ! old develop]1 give ! high lights a />t ( ! %ad[s1 :i* ,i c readily s(t5 aft]w>ds by ! use ( a /rong] develop] at ! f9i%1 ?us obta9+ ! sp>kl+ high lights s mu* admir$ 9 ! wet plate2 & s seldom f\nd 9 ! av]age ,dry ,plate ,pictures4 ,?is develop] nev] becomes muddy1 & may be us$ repeat$ly ) f9e effect4 ,always place plates 9 a /rong solution ( alum aft] develop+ & r9s+1 & be=e fix+4 ,?is gives brilliancy to ! negative & prev5ts ! possibility ( s(t5+4 ,9 ! use ( ! above =mula x is important t ! be/ ,*emicals be employ$4 ,x is n necess>y to make up ! full am\nt ( #b oz4 pyro at "o "t4 ,9 ! =ego+ two =mul w be f\nd all t is necess>y = mak+ good negatives by ei!r process4 ,e box ( plates t is put up = sale c>ries p#agg ) x ! =mula suppos$ to be be/ = t plate4 ,!re are o!r =ms ( developm5t t produce good "w4 ,! foll[+ is "o ( !m3 ,,f]ro-,,cyanide ,,( ,,potassium ,,develop]4 ,make a saturat$ solution ( yell[ prussiate ( potassium & dilute ) an equal bulk ( wat]2 add #b drops ( ammonia & #b gra9s ( dry pyro to ea* ounce us$4 ,! solution c be us$ repeat$ly until exhau/$4 ,f\r ounces ( ?is solution w\ld conta9 #h gra9s ( pyro1 :i* is en\gh to develop #b #haj plates1 or _! equival5t ( small] plates4 ,mix only ! am\nt t w be us$ at "o sitt+4 ,x w be notic$ 9 all ! =ego+ =mul t ! matt] ( greate/ unc]ta9ty is ! exposure ( ! plate2 y nev] c tell if y\r plate is prop]ly expos$ until y beg9 to develop1 & !n if y\r picture fla%es out at once x is too late to correct by modify+ ! develop]4 ,! !ory ( developm5t is t ! pyro is ! develop+ ag5t & gives ! /r5g?4 ,! soda1 or ammonia1 z ! case may be1 gives ! detail4 ,! bromide is a re/ra9]1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t w correct ov]-exposure4 ,sulphite ( soda1 citric acid & sulphur\s acid are us$ to keep ! pyro f oxidiz+4 ,!re=e1 :5 develop+ a plate1 say a #eg1 put x 9 ! tray & p\r ov] x ! am\nt ( pyro necess>y to develop su* a plate1 say two gra9s 9 f\r ounces ( wat]1 let ! plate rema9 9 ?is solution = a %ort "t1 9 ! meantime take ( y\r alkal9e solution ! am\nt y w\ld use = ! p#agh same size plate1 b add only a small portion to ! solution cov]+ ! plate4 ,to d ?is p\r (f ! pyro solution into a graduate & add a drop or two ( ! alkal9e solution1 soda1 pota% or ammonia1 :atev] x may be1 !n turn ! solution back on ! plate & wat* = ! effect2 if 9 a few m9utes !re is no *ange1 !n add m ( ! alkal9e solution 9 ! same mann]1 & 9 a %ort "t ! image w beg9 to appe>2 if x comes up too sl[ly1 give x ! rema9d] ( ! alkal9e solution1 & unless ! plate has be5 "u-expos$ ! image w come out & /r5g!n gradually until x has well sunk5 into ! plate1 :5 x may be remov$ & wa%$4 ,if y use ! oxalate develop]1 proce$ ^u ! same plan2 oxalate 9 ! place ( pyro1 iron 9 ! place ( alkali1 b always add ! iron to ! oxalate1 n ! rev]se4 ,d n be p]suad$ t ! bromide is only a re/ra9]2 x is t & m too2 x may greatly affect ! quality ( ! negative1 mak+ x mu* f9] 9 gra9 & cle>] 9 ! %ad[s4 ,"u-expos$ plates at be/ make b poor negatives1 & x is pref]able to err1 if at all1 on ! o!r side1 b ) ! rapid plates n[ made exposures are v seldom too %ort4 ,:5 ! plate has be5 develop$ x mu/ be wa%$ & !n plac$ 9 ! hypo solution to fix4 ,! mo/ effective /r5g? ( hypo solution is half saturat$4 ,make a saturat$ solution ( hypo & dilute x ) an equal bulk ( wat]4 ,! plate %\ld lie 9 ?is solution until x appe>s p]fectly cle>1 & ab\t five or t5 m9utes long]1 !n x %\ld be p#agi tak5 out & well wa%$4 ,x %\ld !n be put 9 ! ,,cle>+ ,,solution4 ,wat]1 #a_/b gal4 ,alum1 #a_/d lb4 ,citric acid1 #b oz4 ,all[ ! plate to rema9 9 ?is solution a few m9utes & x w be f\nd to h be5 greatly improv$1 hav+ lo/ ! color & cle>$ ! %ad[s4 ,?is solution1 besides cle>+ ! negative1 decomposes ! hypo rema9+ 9 ! film1 & a %ort wa% aft] be+ tak5 f x is suffici5t4 ,,ea/man',s ,,improv$ ,,negative ,,pap]4 ,! ,ea/man ,dry ,plate & ,film ,co41 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,n4 ,y41 exhibit$ at ! ,p4 ,a4 ( ,a4 ,exhibition1 at ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y41 9 ,july1 #ahhe1 a v rem>kable display ( photographs1 ! negatives ( :i* 7 made on gelat9iz$ pap] & call$ ! ,ea/man flexible negative support4 ,!y gave a demon/ration ( _! process at ! same "t1 & also expla9$ ! work+ ( _! new hold] = a cont9u\s web or b& ( pap]4 ,! s5sitive gelat9e emulsion is prep>$ 9 ! same mann] z = glass plates1 & x is spread by means ( +5i\s ma*9]y on cont9u\s b&s ( pap]1 :i* b&s are aft]w>ds cut into sizes1 or roll$ on spools :i* w conta9 en\gh pap] to make f #bd to #dj views or portraits1 accord+ to size4 ,!y h inv5t$ a v neat app>atus to hold ! pap] :5 cut into sizes s t x may be ins]t$ 9 ! common dry-plate hold]4 p#ahj ,!y h also inv5t$ & pat5t$ a roll] hold] :i* may be made to fit any cam]a1 9 :i* is ins]t$ a spool ( ! pap]1 & by means ( +5i\s devices x may be drawn across a flat table & w\nd ^u ano!r roll] ) an app>atus to regi/] ea* l5g? ( pap] z an exposure is made4 ,?is app>atus is absolutely correct 9 op]ation1 & ! prop] l5g? ( pap] is infallibly transf]r$ f ! table to ! roll] by simply turn+ ! roll] ) a key f ! outside4 ,by ?is inv5tion ! viewi/ is giv5 comm& ( z _m z #bd exposures1 ) no great] weight to c>ry ?an "o d\ble dry-plate hold] :5 fill$ ) glass1 ?us r$uc+ 8 tote ! weight ( five d\ble dry-plate hold]s & t5 glass plates1 & 8 res\rces are increas$ two-fold4 ,! exposures hav+ be5 made ! hold] is tak5 to ! d>k room1 ! pap] unw\nd f ! spools1 cut at ! regi/] m>ks & develop$ 9 ! same mann] z glass plates1 b ) ! diff]5ce t sev]al pieces may be develop$ at ! same "t 9 ! same mann] t pap] pr9ts are ton$1 ?us secur+ a uni=m int5sity to ! negatives2 ! fix+ & wa%+ are p]=m$ 9 ! same mann] z silv] pr9ts & z easily4 ,! pap] negatives aft] be+ wa%$ are dri$ betwe5 blott]s1 or 9 any o!r pref]r$ mann]1 & !y are !n saturat$ ) ca/or oil & iron$ ) a hot flat-iron1 to make ! oil m effectually p]meate ! fibre ( ! pap]4 ,^! negatives are m p]fectly susceptible ( be+ ret\*$ & work$ up ?an ^? on glass4 ,!y are pr9t$ f ! gelat9e side1 & :5 p#aha ! pr9ts are made ! negatives are /or$ 9 portfolios4 ,if aft] a "t x is f\nd t ! oil has dri$ out ( ! film1 !y may be aga9 oil$ ! same z at ! fir/4 ,! roll] hold]s are made = e size & /yle ( cam]a box f ! ,detective & ! ,bij\ pocket app>atus1 up to ! #bjbd mammo? size ,novel ,cam]a4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,use ,,! ,,ea/man-,,walk] ,,roll-,,hold]4 ,! ,ea/man pap] films = ! roll-hold] are prep>$ 9 cont9u\s b&s1 & are roll$ up on wood5 spools & neatly pack$ 9 pap] boxes4 ,! spool may be remov$ f its box & plac$ 9 ! hold] 9 daylight1 at ! exp5se ( ! outside roll or l5g? ( pap] necess>y to ext5d f ! spool to ! w9d+-reel1 s t if "o 7 s situat$ z to f9d x necess>y to *ange rolls 9 ! field1 ! loss w\ld be trifl+--be+ at ! utmo/ n m ?an w\ld be requir$ = two exposures f ea* spool4 ,! prop] c\rse1 h[ev]1 is to *>ge ! hold] ) its spool ( film 9 ! d>k room be=e go+ abroad4 ,9 do+ ?is x is necess>y t ! light 9 ! room %\ld be /rong en\gh to enable ! op]ator to see com=tably2 b ( su* a quality z n to injure ! pap]1 :i* is at lea/ #be p] c5t4 m s5sitive ?an ! same emulsion w\ld be if on glass in/ead ( pap]4 ,figure #a gives a g5]al idea ( ! %ape ( ! hold]1 ) ! slide p>tly drawn to %[ a portion ( ! film4 ,also may be se5 ! brass loops or clamps p#ahb :i* hold ! cov] securely ov] ! work+ p>ts1 & ! key at ! bottom :i* turns ! reel to :i* ! loose end ( ! pap] is atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,! work+ p>ts are fa/5$ to a light metal frame1 & consi/ ( a spool ( film at ! "r end1 & ! w9d+ reel at ! left1 z se5 9 ,figure #b4 ,bo? ! spool & ! reel are provid$ ) spr+ brakes1 t prev5t ! uncoil+ or unroll+ ( ! pap] f ei!r ! spool or reel4 ,! mill$ p#ahc heads ( ! *ucks :i* hold ! ne> ends ( ! spool & reel are provid$ ) pawls1 :i*1 :ile p]mitt+ !m to turn easily 9 ! "r direction1 prev5t ! possibility ( turn+ ! o!r way4 ,:5 ! cov]1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #b1 is to be remov$1 ! keyhole gu>d & ! indicator knob are pull$ out z f> z !y w come1 ! two loops on ea* side are turn$ d[n1 ! cov] lift$ (f1 leav+ ! work+ p>ts expos$1 atta*$ to ! back ( ! hold] by spr+ bolts1 two at ea* end ( ! frame4 ,n[1 ) ! ?umb & =e-f+] ( ! "r h&1 press ^! bolts1 & ?us release ! "r end ( ! framework1 :i* y may turn up1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #c1 :i* is ! position = remov+ & replac+ ! roll ( film4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 p#ahd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,! prop] me?od ( do+ ?is is m p>ticul>ly %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,) ! left h& y hold ! roll ( film & draw back ! spr+ brake2 n[ press ! end ( ! roll] t has ! saw-cut or groove across x aga9/ ! *uck1 z se5 on ! left1 :ile ! "r h& unscrews ! pivot or support = ! o!r end ( ! roll]1 :i* is !n plac$ 9 position2 ! pivot is ins]t$ & screw$ home4 ,?is completes ! op]ation ( plac+ ! roll ( film 9 position4 ,! frame is !n turn$ d[n & secur$ by ! two bolts1 ! pap] b& on ! roll ( film is torn (f1 & ! end ( ! film is c>ri$ b5ea? ! guide roll] & ov] x & across ! expos+ table to ! o!r end1 :i* is next releas$ & rais$ to a p]p5dicul> position4 ,! end ( ! film is n[ br\ght ov] ! guide roll] & atta*$ to ! w9d+ reel1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 p#ahe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,! pap] is fa/5$ to ! w9d+ reel by a metallic clamp1 :i* is pivot$ to ! ends ( ! w9d+ reel4 ,n[ see t ! film occupies a c5tral position across ! table & ov] ! guide rolls1 & !n take up ! slack by means ( ! mill$ head t5sion screw or *uck at "o end ( ! reel4 ,! pawls %\ld n[ be adju/$ on ! mill$ heads ( ! *ucks1 ! cov] replac$ & fa/5$ by rais+ ! loops or clamps ov] ! p9s 9 ! side ( ! cov]1 & y are ready = "w4 ,= ! purpose ( indicat+ pla9ly :]e ! fir/ exposure w be1 ins]t ! key & screw x home !n turn x sl[ly until y he> a %>p click1 !n pull out ! slide & draw a p5cil across ! film at ea* end ( ! hold]1 !n return ! slide4 ,:5 ab\t to make ano!r exposure1 note ! position ( ! indicator at ! "r end ( ! hold]1 !n turn ! key sl[ly2 ! prop] l5g? w be p#ahf indicat$ bo? by ! s\nd ( ! %>p click )9 & by ! position ( ! indicator on ! outside ( ! hold]4 ,at e turn ( ! guide-roll ! pap] is punctur$ by a %>p po9t :i* occurs simultane\sly ) ! s\nd ( ! click4 ,= ! small] sizes1 ?ree clicks & ?ree punctures w surely indicate t ! prop] l5g? ( pap] has be5 replac$ on ! expos+ table4 ,= ! m$ium sizes f\r clicks & punctures are requir$4 ,& = ! l>g] sizes1 z _m z six or eight may be necess>y4 ,! prop] in=mation is giv5 ) ! hold]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,:5 ! exposures are made1 & x is desir$ to remove ! pap] f ! w9d+ reel & cut x = developm5t1 proce$ z be=e1 & remove ! cov] f ! hold]2 !n1 ) a %>p knife-blade1 cut ! pap]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #f1 by draw+ ! blade ov] ! pap] & 9 ! t9-l9$ groove 9 ! guide-roll ,!n release ! spr+ pawl at ! reel end & p#ahg draw ! pap] f ! reel across ! table1 !n cut by measurem5t1 or by c\nt+ ! punctures4 ,! directions = develop+ & prep>+ ! films = pr9t+ accompany ea* package ( ! pap]4 ,,! ,,ro*e ,,film4 ,! ye> #ahhe has be5 rem>kable = ! great importance ( ! num]\s improvem5ts 9 photographic processes t h be5 br\ght be=e ! pr(ession1 & = ! great impetus !reby giv5 to ! ext5sion ( ! uses ( ! art4 ,! sub/itution ( pap] = glass z a vehicle = su/a9+ ! s5sitive film has long be5 an aspiration ( ! progressive photograph]2 & ?is ye> has witness$ ! p]fection ( at lea/ two pap] film processes t may be said to be p]fect4 ,! ,ea/man pap] film has already e/abli%$ itself z a practical success1 & n[ we h a new c&idate = photographic favor 9 ! ,ro*e ,film1 j p]fect$ & pat5t$ by t able exp]im5tali/1 & assign$ to ,messrs4 ,an?ony ,co4 ,?is ,ro*e ,film is rem>kable = ! +5i\s mann] by :i* ! disagreeable necessity = oil+ ! pap] is avoid$4 ,?is p>ticul> improvem5t consi/s 9 coat+ bo? sides ( ! pap] ) ! same s5sitiz$ gelat9e emulsion1 :i* has ! effect ( prev5t+ any trace ( ! fib] ( ! pap] %[+1 f ! fact t ! light p5etrat+ ! front film has suffici5t p[] to impress an image on ! back film z well1 ! int]/ices betwe5 ! fibres ( ! pap] p]mitt+ a m en]getic action ( ! light on ! back film ?an ?r\gh ! fibre1 equalizes ! int5sity & ?us prev5ts p#ahh ! fibre %[+ 9 ! negative :5 exam9$ by transmitt$ light1 or leav+ any impression on pr9ts made !refrom4 ,! d\ble impression has also ! p[] ( giv+ a m plucky or bold] "* to ! pr9ts1 & greatly enhanc+ ! atmosph]ic effect & beauty ( bo? portraits & l&scape pictures4 ,also o!r imp]fections1 ei!r 9 ! front film or 9 ! body ( ! pap]1 are correct$ by ! back coat+1 z nei!r ! fibre ( ! pap] nor any imp]fection !re9 c h any effect on ! front coat+1 b bo? ! fibre & any spots1 ei!r opaque or transp>5t1 9 ! pap] or front film w affect ! back image 9 ! exact ratio ( ! opacity or transp>5cy ( ! spots or imp]fections4 ,9 o!r words1 all ! imp]fections ( ! pap] & front film w be correct$ by ! back1 r5d]+ ! d\ble negative q smoo? & ev51 :atev] ! "* ( ! texture ( ! pap] may h be54 ,?is special pap] (f]s o!r advantages4 ,x w /& a protract$ wa%+ )\t weak5+1 & does n easily te> or crack f h&l+ 9 ! wat]1 & :5 dri$ x w n curl1 b rema9s flat1 ready = imm$iate use4 ,directions = developm5t accompany ea* package4 ,,enl>g+ ,,& ,,duplicat+ ,,small ,,negatives4 ,_m amateurs h ( late disc>d$ _! l>g] equipm5ts1 & = g5]al "w use ! smalle/ sizes1 su* z ! ,detective ,cam]a & ! ,bij\ or ,novelette1 :i* are ( ! smalle/ sizes1 su* z #c-a_/dd-a_/d & #de4 ,x is cont5d$ on _! "p t ^! small outfits1 :i* are s light & portable z to give ! m9imum p#ahi ( tr\ble 9 _! use1 give also 7:5 good l5ses are us$7 ! mo/ brilliant & p]fect negatives1 :i* are capable ( be+ enl>g$ to any desirable size4 ,inde$1 ! copy+ & duplicat+ app>atus may be f\nd 9 ! rooms ( _m ( ! lead+ amateurs4 ,& by its use _m valuable negatives are duplicat$1 & secur$ aga9/ loss by breakage2 o!rs are enl>g$ to m useful sizes1 & mo/ beautiful transp>5cies are made4 ,,! ,,copy+ ,,& ,,duplicat+ ,,cam]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,copy+ ,,& ,,duplicat+ ,,cam]a4 ,?is app>atus1 z w be se5 9 ! engrav+1 is a cam]a ) an unusually long b$-rail & bell[s4 ,x has a c5tral frame :i* supports a l5s1 & a front frame support+ a negative1 s plac$ = duplicat+ or enl>g+1 :i* is done by transmitt$ light4 ,! front is fitt$ ) a kit ( frames = ! v>i\s sizes ( negatives1 f #c-a_/dd-a_/d to #haj1 or ! l>ge/ size ! box is capable ( produc+4 ,= copy+ by reflect$ light ! l5s is remov$ f ! c5tral frame & adju/$ or atta*$ to ! front1 :]e ! negative is se5 9 ! cut2 & ! picture to be copi$ is atta*$ to an upright support 7:i* is usually a "p ( ! copy+ table or /&7 p#aij & expos$ to ! /ronge/ diffus$ light available1 ! cam]a be+ adju/$ squ>ely 9 front ( x4 ,= duplicat+ or enl>g+ negatives ! adju/m5t ( ! app>atus is z %[n 9 ! engrav+4 ,su* "w be+ done by transmitt$ light4 ,! negative to be enl>g$ is plac$ 9 ! appropriate siz$ frame 9 front & ! l5s 9 ! middle frame1 :i* is plac$ ne>] to ! negative ?an to ! gr\nd glass4 ,! conjugate focus is !n f\nd by draw+ out ! re> or gr\nd glass focuss+ scre5 until ! image is %>ply def9$ on ! glass4 ,:5 ! subject is %>ply 9 focus1 if ! image is f\nd to be too small ! frame support+ ! l5s is pu%$ a little ne>] ! front2 on ! contr>y1 if ! image is too l>ge ! l5s is drawn back f ! front4 ,= all su* "w ! cam]a %\ld be direct$ t[>d a w9d[ comm&+ a cle> view ( ! sky1 or if trees or build+s int]v5e !n a %eet ( tissue pap] or a squ>e ( gr\nd glass %\ld be plac$ imm$iately 9 front ( ! cam]a & aga9/ ! w9d[4 ,x w be f\nd t ,an?ony's m9]al pap] is sup]ior to ei!r tissue pap] or gr\nd glass = ?is purpose1 & %\ld be us$ :5 x c be procur$4 ,:5 x is desir$ to make a duplicate negative x is necess>y fir/ to produce a dia-positive or transp>5cy2 ?is is m]ely a copy ( ! negative 7by transmitt$ light1 or light pass+ ?r\gh ! negative to ! l5s7 ) its lights & %ad[s transpos$ or rev]s$4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ?is transp>5cy 9 %>pe/ focus1 & full-tim$ 9 exposure to secure l9e detail4 ,:5 a suitable positive has be5 secur$ x %\ld p#aia be dri$ & set up 9 ! place occupi$ by ! negative f :i* x 0 made1 & ) ! film side t[>d ! l5s4 ,! process is n[ repeat$1 b ) a %ort] exposure1 & ! result+ picture is a negative 7if well done7 id5tical ) ! orig9al4 ,! adju/m5t = size is1 z be=e m5tion$1 effect$ by mov+ ! l5s support4 ,if x is desir$ to enl>ge1 ! l5s is mov$ ne>] ! subject2 if to r$uce1 move ! l5s back f ! front4 ,if ! duplicate negative is to be ( ! same size z ! orig9al1 ! l5s is mov$ to ! position ne> ! c5tre betwe5 ! front & back1 :i* w give ! image on ! gr\nd glass ! same dim5sions by measurem5ts z ! orig9al4 ,x w be obs]v$ t z !re are two plates to be us$ ! utmo/ c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ! adju/m5t ( ! focus & 9 tim+ ! exposure 9 bo? in/ances1 to avoid loss ( def9ition or quality4 ,duplicates & enl>gem5ts ( negatives made by ?is process & ) dry plates ne$ be 9 no p>ticul> inf]ior to ! orig9als1 if c>e & skill are ex]cis$ 9 _! production4 ,,duplicate ,,negatives ,,by ,,contact4 ,:5 x is n desir$ ei!r to enl>ge or r$uce ! size ( ! duplicate1 a m direct & simple me?od is to make ! positive by contact pr9t+4 ,place ! negative 9 a pr9t+ frame1 & ^u x lay a dry plate s t ! two film surfaces are toge!r2 use a ?ick pad & see t ! pressure is /rong en\gh to =ce ! two surfaces into intimate contact2 n[ expose to a gas flame = f\r to six p#aib seconds & develop4 ,?is w make an admirable positive or transp>5cy if prop]ly done4 ,! same process repeat$1 s]ves to make a duplicate negative f ! transp>5cy4 ,x is advisable to make a positive by ?is me?od f e valuable negative4 ,?is positive w s]ve to make duplicates f1 %\ld ! orig9al be lo/ or brok54 ,enl>g$ pr9ts f small negatives c be made by ! use ( ,an?ony's enl>g+ cam]a1 & _! gelat9o-bromide pap] by artificial light1 s t :5 "o or m or only a few l>ge pr9ts are requir$ f a small negative x w\ld p]haps be m advantage\s to make !m direct f ! orig9al negative by ! use ( ?is in/rum5t ?an by mak+ an enl>g$ negative & pr9t+ by contact4 ,h[ev]1 ! latt] me?od w\ld be ! be/ 9 cases :]e _m pr9ts are requir$4 ,,pr9t+ ,,processes4 ,! amateur :o has secur$ a f9e negative ( "s *oice bit ( sc5]y1 or has made a hit on any subject int]e/+ or beautiful1 w naturally desire to secure pr9ts or impressions f x1 t he may gratify 8 fri5ds ) a copy or supply ! dem& = ex*anges ) ! memb]s ( 8 cam]a club4 ,! accompli%m5t ( ?is desire is nei!r difficult nor exp5sive1 z !re are sev]al processes by :i* ! amateur may pr9t = himself z _m impressions z w suit 8 purpose4 ,if silv] pr9ts are pref]r$1 any photograph] w produce !m at small exp5se2 or if ! amateur is suffici5tly po/$ 9 ?is bran* ( ! art1 & has ! facilities1 he c easily p#aic make !m himself4 ,! matt] is mu* simplifi$ by procur+ f ! ne>e/ /ock deal] or photograph]1 ready s5sitiz$ pap]4 ,few amateurs1 h[ev]1 ,i imag9e1 w\ld c>e to incur ! exp5se ( a silv]-pr9t+ outfit4 ,^? :o w\ld w f9d 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is book full in/ructions 9 ! article on silv] pr9t+4 ,! processes by :i* ! amateur may mo/ easily produce pr9ts f 8 own negatives by 8 own skill & labor are3 ,! ,gelat9o bromide pap] process4 ,an?ony's collodio-*loride process4 ,f]ro-prussiate or blue process4 ,transp>5cies 9 glass or opal4 ,,pr9t+ ,,on ,,an?ony',s ,,gelat9o ,,bromide ,,pap]4 ,?is pap] is prep>$ ) a s5sitive surface1 simil> to ! dry plates commonly us$1 & mu/ be h&l$ ) ! same c>e & subject to ! same conditions ( light2 consequ5tly ! pr9t+ mu/ be done by artificial light only4 ,! pap] be+ cut to ! sizes desir$1 %\ld be kept 9 a light-tight box1 & 9 a d>k room4 ,:5 ab\t to pr9t1 place ! negative 9 a pr9t+ frame 9 ! same mann] z = silv] pr9t+1 lay ! pap] ) ! gelat9e surface d[n ^u ! negative1 place a clo? pad ^u ! pap]1 !n press ! frame back firmly d[n to secure ev5 contact ( ! pap] ) ! negative4 ,all ?is %\ld be done 9 a d>k room by ! aid ( a non-act9ic light1 & = ?is purpose ,an?ony's ,climax ,d>k-,room ,lant]n1 ,pat5t$1 z %[n 9 ! foll[+ cut1 p#aid w\ld seem to fulfil e requirem5t4 ,a m exp5sive1 b v conv5i5t in/rum5t1 h[ev]1 is ,,c>butt',s ,,multum ,,9 ,,p>vo ,,dry ,,plate ,,lant]n1 p#aie :i* has prov$ to be mo/ suitable = ?is p>ticul> purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,an?ony's ,climax ,d>k-,room ,lant]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>butt',s ,,multum ,,9 ,,p>vo ,,dry ,,plate ,,lant]n ,! pap] hav+ be5 plac$ 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 ! frame is set up1 z se5 9 ! ,,tn3 foll[+ cut1 & ! door 9 ! side ( ! lant]n op5$1 :i* p]mits ! :ite light f ! lamp to fall ^u ! surface ( ! negative2 an exposure ( f #e to #aj seconds is all t w be necess>y1 ev5 9 case ! negative is q d5se2 a ?9 negative w pr9t ) less exposure1 say #c to #e seconds1 at a di/ance ( f #ab to #ae in*es f ! light4 ,illu/ration3 ,lant]n arrang$ = mak+ positives by contact4 ,! pap] :5 tak5 f ! frame pres5ts no *ange ( surface1 & mu/ be develop$ 9 ! same mann] z a dry plate1 to br+ out ! picture4 ,previ\s to develop+1 lay ! pap] 9 a di% ( clean wat] = a %ort "t1 & !n transf] x to ! develop+ tray4 p#aif ,! develop+ is done by ! f]r\s oxalate process4 ,solutions z foll[s3 ,saturat$ solution oxalate pota% #c oz4 ,saturat$ photosulphate iron #a_/b oz4 ,bromide 7#ab gra9s bromide ( ammonium to #a oz4 wat]7 #a_/d dram4 ,saturat$ solution t>t>ic acid #b drops4 ,?is develop] c be us$ sev]al times successively until x becomes turbid4 ,! be/ way is to fir/ pr9t & develop "o pr9t1 to asc]ta9 ! prop] "t ( exposure4 ,!n make z _m pr9ts z are necess>y1 & develop !m all toge!r 9 a di% l>ge en\gh1 & ) suffici5t ( ! solution to cov] !m nicely4 ,obs]ve c>efully n to develop too f>1 z ! result+ pr9ts w be too d>k4 ,:5 ! pr9ts are develop$1 wa% !m well & fix !m 9 a new solution ( ,hyposulphite ( soda #a ounce4 ,wat]4 #h ,! fix+ w require f five to t5 m9utes2 !n wa% & pass ! pr9ts ?r\gh a cle>+ solution consi/+ ( ,alum #b ounces4 ,wat] #f !n wa% aga9 & hang up1 or place betwe5 clean blott]s to dry4 ,x is necess>y t ! h&s be free f any trace ( silv] or hypo :5 h&l+ ^! pr9ts :ile develop+1 or aft]w>ds :5 wet1 to avoid /a9s1 etc4 ,! same precautions z to ! relative proportions ( ! oxalate solution & ! iron are to be obs]v$ z = ! developm5t ( negatives4 p#aig ,,! ,,magic ,,lant]n ,,& ,,its ,,use ,! ,magic1 or1 m prop]ly1 ! ,project+ lant]n1 is an optical in/rum5t1 consi/+ ( a case ( wood or metal1 enclos+ a lamp or o!r illum9at+ ag5t1 ! light ( :i* be+ ga!r$ & cond5s$ by a suitable cond5s+ l5s1 & direct$ ^u a small transp>5t picture1 s p[]fully illum9ates x t its image1 brilliantly light$ & greatly magnifi$1 may be project$ ^u a di/ant scre5 by means ( an objective--a comb9ation ( l5ses 9 a tube--simil> or id5tical 9 con/ruction ) a photographic portrait l5s4 ,! mod]n project+ lant]n1 n[ a sci5tific in/rum5t1 be>s v little if any resemblance to ! e>li] magic lant]n1 :i* 0 a rude con/ruction1 &1 z its "n implies1 0 fir/ us$ by magicians1 or pr(essors ( ! magic arts1 z a means ( impos+ ^u ! ignorance & sup]/ition ( _! times4 ,lat] x became a toy = ! amusem5t ( "y p4 ,& occasionally x furni%$ amusem5t = popul> assemblies1 at :at 7 call$ ,magic lant]n exhibitions1 usually ! projection ^u a scre5 ( greatly enl>g$ images ( a s]ies ( comic pictures pa9t$ 9 brilliant colors ^u glass4 ,! p]fect$ in/rum5t is n[ us$ 9 advanc$ s*ools & colleges = illu/rat+ sci5tific lectures1 & m popul>ly by public lectur]s to illu/rate by lum9\s projection sc5es & incid5ts ( travel1 etc41 )\t :i* ! m]e n>rative w\ld be exce$+ly dry & devoid ( int]e/4 ,s9ce dry plate photography became a popul> amusem5t1 ! project+ lant]n has greatly increas$ 9 public favor1 & ! memb]s ( ! amateur p#aih photographic societies & cam]a clubs ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry are int]e/$ & engag$ 9 ! production1 z slides = ! lant]n1 ( views ( almo/ ev]y?+ 9 animate or inanimate life4 ,! project+ lant]n1 9 its highe/ developm5t1 is a complicat$ & co/ly in/rum5t1 ! diff]5t designs & con/ructions ( :i* h receiv$1 ea*1 a long & high-s\nd+ "n1 ! antep5ultimate ( :i* is usually ( ,greek or ,lat9 orig91 su* z panopticon1 sciopticon1 /]eopticon1 etc41 etc41 & requir+ su* p[]ful illum9ation z c only be furni%$ by ! oxy-hydrog5 or calcium lights or electricity4 ,a new in/rum5t1 h[ev]1 suitable bo? 9 co/ & 9 means ( illum9ation = amateurs & amateur societies1 has lately be5 introduc$ by ,messrs4 ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,an?ony ,co41 :i*1 to be 9 ! fa%ion1 has receiv$ ! "n ,triplexicon4 ,! ,triplexicon is ! p]fection ( oil-burn+ lant]ns2 9 x ref9$ petroleum oil is burn$ 9 a burn] hav+ ?ree wicks2 ! c5tre wick be+ opposite ! c5tre ( ! cond5s+ l5s1 & 9 its optical axis1 entirely removes ! mo/ objectionable fault ( su* lant]ns1 ! c5tral %ad[ or fl>e4 ,! ,triplexicon1 !re=e1 be+ ( its class ! mo/ p]fect in/rum5t1 & requir+ little if any skill to manage x1 becomes ! appropriate in/rum5t = ! amateur photograph] :]eby to exhibit 9 a v acceptable mann] ! trophies ( 8 skill 9 ! use ( ! cam]a & alkal9e pyro4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,triplexicon ,lant]n4 ,a g5tleman ?or\ghly famili> ) all ! v>i\s modifications ( ! magic lant]n1 9 describ+ ! ,triplexicon says ( x3 ,we h se5 _m lant]ns 9 our "t1 & 9 p#aii sev]al respects ?is eclipses !m all1 especially ^? = use ) k]os5e oil only4 ,! lamp itself is completely %ield$ ) a well-made hood ( ,russia iron1 & is provid$ ) ! pat5t triplex wick1 :i* af=ds ! utmo/ illum9ation obta9able ) any oil light4 ,! back & front ( ! hood are clos$ int]iorly by glass plates1 specially anneal$ to )/& extreme heat1 & ! re> "o is aga9 clos$ by p]=at$ %eet iron1 cov]$ int]iorly ) a highly poli%$ metallic reflector1 back ( :i* is ins]t$ an eye piece ( ruby glass4 ,! latt] enables "o to always obs]ve ! condition ( ! flame & wicks1 & regulate !m )\t di/urb+ or discont9u+ ! action ( ! in/rum5t4 ,! *imney is made telescopic1 to pack m compactly4 ,! diffus+ l5s1 specially con/ruct$ = ! purpose1 is m\nt$ on a cyl9drical slide to ext5d1 if p#bjj necess>y1 ! focal di/ance1 :ile ! cond5s+ l5ses1 :i* are ( f\r in* diamet] & c be sep>at$ = clean+1 are ins]t$ 9 a correspond+ slide )9 ! wood5 case4 ,! case itself is q compact1 & appe>s v ornam5tal 9 its highly poli%$ mahogany1 ) its little bronz$ v5tilators on ei!r side at ! bottom4 ,! metal front is burni%$ & has a spiral spr+ adapt] = ! admission ( ! slides4 ,a sub/antial wood5 box conta9s all1 & s]ves also z a table = ! in/rum5t :ile 9 use4 ,altoge!r ?is is ! f9e/ example ( its k9d we h yet se52 x w also s]ve admirably = enl>gem5ts ) ! gelat9o-bromide pap]4 ,,lant]n ,,slides4 ,! pictures prep>$ = projection by ! magic lant]n are made on glass ( "o size1 inv>iably #c-a_/dd in*es1 & are copies ( negatives made by transmitt$ light & by two me?ods4 ,:5 ! negative is made by ! detective1 or pocket cam]as & on plates #c-a_/dd-a_/d1 ! positives or slides may be made by contact pr9t+2 t is1 ! prep>$ plate is plac$ 9 contact ) ! negative1 film sides toge!r or t\*+ 9 a pr9t+ frame1 ! back press$ closely d[n & ! plate expos$ to ! light ( a gas or lamp flame--daylight is too /rong--= f five to t5 seconds1 accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! negative2 ! plate is !n develop$ p]fectly ) f]r\s oxalate until ! picture is se5 cle>ly on ! surface2 :5 ! %ad[s h become suffici5tly d5se1 or be=e !re is any discoloration ( ! high lights1 remove & wa% & fix 9 hypo & alum4 7,see ,ro*e's =mula p#bja 9 article on ,transp>5cies47 ,rememb] t all p>ts ( ! pictures t repres5t ! :ites %\ld be cle> glass4 ,:5 ! negative is l>g] ?an ! slide1 !n ! copy mu/ be made 9 ! ,cam]a4 7,see article on transp>5cies47 ,x is claim$ by "s t slides made by ! collodion process are sup]ior to ^? made on dry plates1 b 9 my own p]sonal exp]i5ce ,i h f\nd ,an?ony's transp>5cy dry plates sup]ior to all o!rs & bett] ?an collodion4 ,to protect ! film surface ( ! slide1 ?91 cle> glass ( a correspond+ size is plac$ aga9/ ! film surface ) a pap] mat 7! op5+ ( :i* %\ld closely correspond ) ! outl9e ( ! picture7 betwe51 & ! two b\nd toge!r neatly ) adhesive pap]4 ,,pr9t+ ,,by ,,an?ony',s ,,collodio ,,*loride4 ,collodio *loride is a collodion emulsion1 consi/+ ( pla9 collodion & silv] *loride4 ,x is a grayi%-:ite sub/ance 9 liquid =m1 & be+ q s5sitive to light1 x mu/ be kept 9 a cov]$ bottle4 ,an?ony's collodio *loride is suppli$ 9 #h-ounce or l>g] bottles1 & w keep indef9itely4 ,! =mula = its prep>ation is n kn[n1 b x is sold at a price t r5d]s its prep>ation by individuals unpr(itable4 ,! foll[+ =mula w give a sup]ior quality ( collodio *loride to ^? wi%+ to make _! own4 ,,=mula ,,= ,,collodio ,,*loride4 ,no4 #a4 ,nitrate silv] #a dra*m4 ,wat] #a dram4 p#bjb ,no4 #b4 ,*loride ( calcium #fd gra9s4 ,alcohol #b oz4 ,no4 #c4 ,citric acid #fd gra9s4 ,alcohol #b oz4 ,to #b oz4 pla9 collodion add ( ,no4 #a #cj drops4 ,no4 #b #a dram4 ,no4 #c #a_/b dram4 ,by ! use ( ?is emulsion mo/ beautiful pictures may be made on pap] & ^u porcela91 opal1 /onew>e1 & o!r pla9 :ite surfaces4 ,:5 pap] or any o!r flexible surface is to be us$1 x is simply coat$ ) ! emulsion4 ,fir/ place ! pap] flat ^u a squ>e ( glass & p\r ^u x ! emulsion1 caus+ x to fl[ ev5ly ov] ! :ole surface & ! excess to fl[ back into ! bottle f ! l[] corn]4 ,?is mu/ be done 9 a subdu$ light1 b n necess>ily 9 a d>k room or by non-act9ic light1 z 9 ! case ( ! use ( gelat9e bromide pap]4 ,:5 ! pap] is coat$ x %\ld be plac$ 9 a closet or "s d>k place to dry1 & :5 dri$ x is pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] z silv] pap]1 by plac+ x 9 a pr9t+ frame 9 contact ) a negative4 ,x is pr9t$ by sunlight1 & may be exam9$ :ile pr9t+1 to see ! progress made4 ,! pr9t+ %\ld be c>ri$ a %ade or two beyond ! color suitable = a f9i%$ pr9t1 & :5 done %\ld be wa%$ 9 clean wat] & ton$ ) gold1 & aft]w>ds fix$ 9 hyposulphite soda & aga9 well wa%$ 9 ! same mann] z = silv] pr9ts4 ,flat porcela9 or o!r enamel$ surfaces1 be=e p#bjc be+ coat$ ) ! emulsion %\ld be album5iz$ 9 ! same mann] z glass plates = ! collodion process4 ,! :ite ( an egg to #f ounces ( wat]1 well beat51 w be ! mo/ suitable proportion = ?is purpose4 ,= pr9t+ on porcela9 or o!r enamel plane surfaces1 specially prep>$ pr9t+ frames are necess>y 9 ord] t ! progress ( ! pr9t+ may be asc]ta9$4 ,all articles ) unev5 surfaces1 su* z plaques1 plates1 sauc]s1 ( porcela9 *9a or /onew>e1 t _c be plac$ 9 pr9t+ frames1 may h pictures pr9t$ on !m by ! aid ( ! ,sol> ,cam]a or by ,an?ony's ,enl>g+ ,cam]a1 & ! lime or ! magnesium light4 ,see ,an?ony's ,enl>g+ ,cam]a4 ,,! ,,enl>g+ ,,cam]a ,me?od ( mak+ l>ge pictures f small negatives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,! ,enl>g+ ,cam]a4 p#bjd ,! preval5t use ( ! ,detective ,cam]a1 & o!r cam]as1 = mak+ pictures on small plates1 has caus$ a dem& = an app>atus :]eby l>ge pictures may be produc$ f su* negatives4 ,?is dem& has be5 met by ! production ( ,an?ony's ,new ,enl>g+ ,cam]a 9 connection ) ! ,gelat9o bromide pap]s4 ,?is enl>g+ box is at once simple & effective4 ,x consi/s ( a black wood5 box conta9+ a good k]os5e lamp4 ,! sides ( ! box h a numb] ( grooves t c>ry a slide hold+ a l>ge cond5s+ l5s1 ,o1 :ile ano!r slide holds ! negative1 ,n1 t is to be pr9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tn3 ,s*ematic ( ! ,enl>g+ ,box4 ,to ! outside ( "o end ( ! box is atta*$ a slid+ bell[s1 & an objective1 ,e1 by :i* ! picture is enl>g$ & ?r[n ^u any :ite surface4 ,9 a few words1 ! enl>g+ box is a small sol> cam]a1 b us+ artificial light in/ead ( ! sun's rays2 or x is a magic lant]n s arrang$ t no light c come out ( x except t :i* passes ?r\gh ! objective4 p#bje ,! use ( ! in/rum5t is z simple z its con/ruction4 ,! lamp is light$1 & !n adju/$ 9 ! box s t a %ad[less circle ( light is project$ ^u a :ite wall or o!r surface1 all ! light be+ utiliz$ by means ( ! reflectors situat$ back ( ! lamp4 ,?is adju/m5t is effect$ by mov+ ! cond5s+ l5s & ! lamp ne>] or f>!r ap>t4 ,x is p]haps be/ to place ! cond5s] 9 a groove ne> ! objective1 b suffici5tly f> f ! end ( ! box to all[ ! slide conta9+ ! negative to be ins]t$4 ,hav+ obta9$ a good circle ( light1 n[ place ! negative 9 ! slide & adju/ ! slide 9 ! box s t x is betwe5 ! cond5s+ l5s & ! objective1 & z close to =m] z may be4 ,by means ( ! objective a good focus is n[ obta9$1 & we are ready = an enl>gem5t4 ,) ?is app>atus & an artificial light1 ( c\rse rapid pr9t+ pap] is necess>y4 ,! cap is plac$ on ! objective1 & by ! aid ( r$ light a piece ( ! gelat9o bromide pap] is adju/$ on ! surface :]e ! image 0 project$ f ! enl>g+ box4 ,?is "p ( ! op]ation maybe assi/$ by remov+ ! cap f ! objective & plac+ a piece ( ruby glass be=e x1 all[+ ! image to fall on ! pap] ?r\gh ! ruby glass4 ,a simple & effective way ( hold+ ! pap] is to tack two common wood5 la?s ^u a bo>d 9 su* a way t !y w s]ve to hold ! pap] along two ( its long] sides1 9 :i* case ! bo>d mu/ be us$ to focus ^u4 ,! exposure necess>y w dep5d ^u ! d5sity & "* ( ! negative4 ,) a m$ium d5sity 9 a portrait negative1 "o m9ute appe>s suffici5t1 b some?+ also dep5ds ^u ! pap] p#bjf us$1 ^? ( ,engli% manufacture be+ r sl[4 ,) a little c>e & ?is little contrivance mu* pleasure & success are atta9able 9 enl>g+ pictures f small negatives4 ,! use ( ! new too? surface pr9t+ pap] admits ( ! application ( crayons to ! enl>gem5ts4 ,by sub/itut+ ! lime or ! magnesium light = ! k]os5e lamps1 pictures may be pr9t$ by ! collodio *loride process ^u a v>iety ( unev5 surfaces1 su* z plaques1 plate1 sauc]s1 pots1 etc41 etc4 ,9 fact1 ?is in/rum5t might v easily be conv]t$ into a sol> cam]a by fix+ x 9 a w9d[ & adju/+ a mirror outside t w\ld reflect ! sun's rays into ! cond5s] )9 ! box4 ,,to ,,enl>ge ,,negatives ,,by ,,! ,,rev]s+ ,,action ,,( ,,light4 ,hav+ coat$ a plate ) ! common negative collodion & excit$ x 9 ! usual nitrate ( silv] negative ba?1 expose x to ! light = ab\t a second at ! door ( ! d>k room1 wa% x & !n apply to ! surface z a wa% a solution ( ,iodide ( potassium #af gra9s4 ,bromide ( potassium #h ,wat] #a ounce4 ,! plate is n[ ready = exposure 9 ! enl>g+ cam]a2 ! lime or ! magnesium light be+ suffici5tly p[]ful = ! purpose4 ,on its removal f ! cam]a ! plate is wa%$1 imm]s$ = a brief p]iod 9 ! nitrate ( silv] ba?1 or o!rwise treat$ ) a solution ( ?is salt1 aft] :i* ! image is develop$ by ! ord9>y develop+ solution p#bjg = wet plates4 ,9 ?is way is obta9$ an enl>g$ negative f a small "o )\t ! necessity ( an int]m$i>y transp>5cy4 ,,pr9t+ ,,)\t ,,salts ,,( ,,silv]1 ,,f ,,! ,,silv] ,,sunbeam4 ,! discov]y t c]ta9 ( ! p] salts ( iron :5 expos$ to light und]go decomposition & are r$uc$ to proto salts1 is attribut$ to ,sir ,john ,h]s*ell4 ,b we are indebt$ to ,poitev9 = num]\s int]e/+ developm5ts 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,= in/ance1 ! p]-*loride s expos$ becomes r$uc$ to ! proto-*loride2 or1 z ,von ,monckhov5 m appropriately rem>ks1 to ! /ate ( oxy-*loride4 ,= ?is purpose ! sesqui-*loride mu/ be q neutral4 ,! ammonia t>trate1 potassa t>trate & ! ammonia citrate ( iron are mu* m s5sitive to light ?an ! sesqui-*loride1 & ! latt] salt 7ammonia citrate7 mo/ ( all4 ,! image =m$ by means ( ^! salts is mu* fa9t] ?an t ) ! *loride ( silv]2 b x c be int5sifi$ by ! application ( o!r metallic salts4 ,! mode ( op]ation consi/s 9 float+ ! pap] on ! solutions 9 "q 9 ! d>k room1 9 all[+ !m to dry1 & !n expos+ !m aft]w>d b5ea? a negative1 z usual ) pap] prep>$ ) *loride ( silv]4 ,,! ,,f]ro-,,prussiate1 ,,or ,,blue ,,process4 ,! prep>ation ( ! pap] by ?is process is v simple1 & requires v few manipulations1 :ile ! results1 :5 pr9ts are made1 are pleas+ & la/+4 ,pr9ts 9 blue are s easily made z to be p#bjh extremely conv5i5t = mak+ pro(s f negatives1 & !y are well adapt$ = mottoes1 plans1 draw+s1 manuscript1 circul>s1 & = repres5tations ( sc5]y1 boats1 ma*9]y1 etc41 etc41 & = engrav]s' use4 ,f]ro-prussiate pap] c be procur$ f ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,an?ony ,co41 or c be easily made by ! foll[+ =mula3 ,float ! pap] until x lies q flat ^u a solution prep>$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,wat] #b ounces fluid4 ,r$ prussiate ( pota% #abj gra9s4 #b4 ,wat]4 #b ounces4 ,ammonia citrate ( iron #adj gra9s4 ,:5 ^! two are dissolv$1 mix !m toge!r & filt] into a clean bottle4 ,! solution %\ld n be expos$ to a /rong light1 & ! pap] mu/ be float$ on x 9 a v subdu$ light1 & 9 ! same mann] z pap] is float$ on a silv] solution4 ,:5 x no long] curls1 b lies flat on ! solution1 take x by ! corn]s & raise x sl[ly f contact1 & hang x up to dry 9 a d>k place4 ,:5 dry1 x c be us$ at once1 or may be kept = future use by roll+ x1 prep>$ surface 91 & plac+ x 9 a t9 box or o!r receptacle1 free f light & dampness4 ,to make a pr9t on ?is pap]1 place ! prep>$ surface 9 contact ) ! negative 9 a pr9t+ frame & expose to sunlight4 ,! "t ( exposure w v>y accord+ to ! d5sity ( ! negative & ! int5sity ( ! light4 ,! rule is to all[ ! light to act long en\gh = ! portions :i* fir/ turn blue to become gray1 ) p#bji a slight metallic lu/]4 ,at ?is po9t remove ! pap] f ! frame & place x 9 a di% ( clean wat]4 ,x n[ gradually becomes a ri* blue ?r\gh\t1 except ! p>ts :i* %\ld rema9 :ite4 ,*ange ! wat] f "t to "t1 until !re rema9s no discoloration 9 ! :ites2 dry1 & ! picture requires no fur!r treatm5t4 ,! blue color may be totally remov$ at any "t by plac+ ! pr9t 9 ammonia wat]4 ,?is is ! /&>d =mula4 ,,ano!r ,,process ,,= ,,blue ,,pr9ts4 ,float ! pap] = a m9ute 9 a solution ( ,f]ridcyanide ( pota% #a ounce4 ,wat] #e ounces4 ,dry 9 a d>k room1 & !n expose b5ea? a negative until ! d>k %ades h assum$ a deep blue color1 !n imm]se ! pr9t 9 a solution ( ,wat] #b ounces4 ,bi*loride m]cury #a gra94 ,wa% ! pr9t1 & !n imm]se x 9 a hot solution ( ,oxalic acid #d dra*ms4 ,wat] #d ounces4 ,wa% aga91 & dry4 ,,ano!r ,,process--,,! ,,cyanotype4 ,float ! pap] on a solution ( ! sesqui-*loride ( iron4 ,dry & expose1 aft]w>ds wa% ! pr9ts1 & !n imm]se !m 9 a ba? ( f]rid cyanide ( pota%4 ,! picture w appe> ( a blue color 9 all ^? places :]e ! sun has act$4 p#baj ,,process ,,) ,,salts ,,( ,,uranium4 ,! pap]1 )\t hav+ und]gone any prec$+ prep>ation1 except t ( hav+ be5 exclud$ f ! light = sev]al days1 is float$ on a ba? ( ! nitrate ( uranium z foll[s3 ,nitrate ( uranium #b dra*ms4 ,di/ill$ wat] #aj dra*ms4 ,! pap] is left on ! ba? = f\r or five m9utes1 x is !n remov$1 hung up & dri$ 9 ! d>k room4 ,s prep>$1 x c be kept = a consid]able "t4 ,! exposure b5ea? a negative v>ies f "o m9ute to sev]al m9utes 9 ! rays ( ! sun1 & f a qu>t] ( an h\r to an h\r 9 diffus$ light4 ,! image :i* is ?us produc$ is n v di/9ct1 b comes out 9 /rong contra/ :5 develop$ z foll[s3 ,,nitrate ,,( ,,silv] ,,develop]4 ,di/ill$ or ra9 wat] #b dra*ms4 ,nitrate ( silv] #g gra9s4 ,acetic acid a m]e trace4 ,! developm5t is v rapid 9 ?is solution4 ,9 ab\t half a m9ute x is complete4 ,z soon z ! picture appe>s 9 p]fect contra/1 ! pr9t is tak5 out & fix$ by imm]sion 9 wat]1 9 :i* x is ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,,*loride ,,( ,,gold ,,develop]4 ,?is is a m rapid develop] ?an ! prec$+4 ,! pr9t is fix$ 9 l mann] by wat]1 9 :i* x mu/ be well wa%$1 & aft]w>ds dri$4 ,:5 dri$ by artificial heat1 ! vigor ( ! pr9t is increas$4 p#baa ,pr9ts t h be5 develop$ by ! solution ( nitrate ( silv] may be imm]s$ 9 ! gold ba?1 :i* improves _! tone4 ,! picture may be develop$1 also1 by imm]s+ ! pr9ts 9 a saturat$ solution ( bi*loride ( m]cury & aft]w>ds 9 "o ( nitrate ( silv]4 ,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 ! times ( exposure mu/ be increas$4 ,pictures may be obta9$1 also1 by float+ ! pap]s on a mixture ( equal quantities ( nitrate ( silv] & nitrate ( uranium 9 ab\t six times _! weight ( wat]4 ,:5 dry1 !y are expos$ b5ea? a negative4 ,9 ?is case ! image appe>s1 z 9 ! positive pr9t+ process1 ) *loride ( silv]1 be+ effect$ by ! decomposition ( ! nitrate ( uranium1 :i*1 react+ on ! nitrate ( silv]1 decomposes ?is salt & r$uces ! silv]4 ,^! pr9ts require fix+ 9 ! ord9>y ba? ( hyposulphite ( soda1 & !n wa%+1 z usual4 ,,process ,,= ,,r$ ,,pictures4 ,float ! pap]s = f\r m9utes 9 ! prec$+ ba? ( nitrate ( uranium1 dra9 & dry4 ,next1 expose b5ea? a negative = eight or t5 m9utes1 !n wa% & imm]se 9 a ba? ( ,f]ridcyanide ( pota% #cj gra9s4 ,wat] #c ounces4 ,9 a few m9utes ! picture w appe> ( a r$ color1 :i* is fix$ by wa%+ ?or\ghly 9 wat]4 ,,process ,,= ,,gre5 ,,pictures4 ,imm]se ! r$ picture1 be=e x is dry1 9 a solution ( p#bab ,sesqui-*loride ( iron #cj gra9s4 ,di/ill$ wat] #c ounces4 ,! tone w soon *ange to gre52 fix 9 wat]1 wa% & dry be=e ! fire4 ,,process ,,= ,,violet ,,pictures4 ,float ! pap] = ?ree or f\r m9utes on a ba? (3 ,wat] #b ounces4 ,nitrate ( uranium #b dra*ms4 ,*loride ( gold #b gra9s4 ,aft]w>d take !m out & dry4 ,an exposure ( t5 or fifte5 m9utes w cause ! necess>y r$uction2 ! picture has a beautiful violet color consi/+ ( metallic gold4 ,wa% & dry4 ,,transp>5cies ,,on ,,glass ,,& ,,opal4 ,photography1 ?r\gh\t its v>i$ range1 produces no m *>m+ or satisfy+ picture ?an ! transp>5cy1 :e!r x is on glass = ! w9d[1 or on porcela9 or opal = ! lamp4 ,! beautiful & sp>kl+ gradation ( light & %ade1 ! v>iety & dep? & ri*ness ( tone & color inh]5t 9 a f9e example ( ?is picture1 r5d]s x mo/ positively a ?+ ( beauty & a joy =ev]1 ,x is a picture made by a peculi>ly simple & easy process1 ! mo/ exalt$ expressions ( :i* h always comm&$ ! popul> favor & a high price1 & ! work+ ( :i* has1 bo? = ! amateur & ! pr(essional photograph]1 ! highe/ int]e/ & attractiv5ess4 ,by no o!r me?od or process c ! amateur succe$ 9 produc+ pictures ( p#bac equal excell5ce1 ) ! same outlay ( "t & skill1 :i* is a peculi>ly =tunate circum/ance1 z ! t5d5cy among amateurs at ?is "t is to =m !mselves into clubs & societies = ! ex*ange ( _! mo/ beautiful & successful ef=ts z picture mak]s4 ,& an ex*ange 9 ! =m ( a transp>5cy enables ! receiv] to comm& all o!r /yles ( pictures1 ?r\gh ! negative t may be produc$ f x4 ,! production ( ^! pictures has assum$ su* importance already z to h call$ =? a special dry plate = mak+ transp>5cies1 to say no?+ ( ! o!r special goods = ! same l9e1 su* z metal frames1 gr\nd1 engrav$ & et*$ glass = m\nt+1 ! beautiful bord]s ( :i* greatly enhance ! beauty & elegance ( ! f9i%$ picture4 ,transp>5cies are adaptable = ! exhibition ( e k9d ( picture t c be copi$2 pa9t+s1 engrav+s1 portraits1 l&scapes1 all become equally acceptable :5 skilfully f9i%$ & prop]ly display$4 ,by ?is process1 also1 ! amateur is enabl$ to provide himself ) slides = 8 magic lant]n & to h ! satisfaction ( exhibit+ to 8 fri5ds ! trophies ( 8 own skill 9 ! use ( ! cam]a & ! develop+ solution4 ,! amateur1 9 ord] to succe$ 9 produc+ high class "w1 %\ld possess himself ( "o ( ,an?ony's duplicat+ & copy+ cam]as1 s t he may be enabl$ to avail himself ( bo? me?ods ( "w2 t is to say1 by ! cam]a & by contact pr9t+1 z by ! latt] me?od he is re/rict$ to ! range & size ( 8 negatives1 :ile by aid ( ! cam]a he is enabl$ to copy all k9ds ( pictures to acceptable sizes1 p#bad & he c make 8 transp>5cies ( equal size ) 8 negative1 or v>y ! size to suit ! requirem5ts ( ! case4 ,! use ( ! duplicat+ & copy+ cam]a is fully detail$ 9 ! article on ,duplicat+ ,negatives4 ,by its use ! amateur is enabl$ to "w by ! wet collodion process1 :i* has _m advantages1 or by ! dry plate process1 us+ ,an?ony's transp>5cy plates or ! gelat9o album5 plates made 9 ,philadelphia4 ,if he conf9es himself to contact pr9t+1 he is re/rict$ to ! use ( dry plates only4 ,! outfit ( goods = mak+ & f9i%+ transp>5cies consi/s (3 ,transp>5cy frames1 common & pat5t$1 made ) r+s = hang+ horizontally or v]tically4 ,gr\nd glasses1 ) bord]s4 ,et*$ glasses1 ) bord]s4 ,an?ony's transp>5cy plates4 ,gelat9o album5 plates4 ,porcela9 & opal plates = lamp %ades1 etc41 etc4 ,,=mula ,,= ,,develop+ ,,dry ,,plate ,,transp>5cies4 ,:5 mak+ transp>5cies by contact use artificial light1 ei!r gas or a common lamp4 ,a deep pr9t+ frame is ! mo/ suitable1 hav+ a piece ( ?9 plate glass 9 x to support ! negative4 ,lay ! negative d[n ) ! film side up1 place ^u x ! dry plate1 put 9 ! back & press firmly d[n ) ! spr+s2 expose to gas light f six to t5 seconds at a di/ance ( twelve to f\rte5 in*es2 expose long] to lamp light1 say f t5 to tw5ty seconds1 or ! duration ( "t t may be consid]$ suffici5t1 judg+ f ! d5sity ( ! negative 9 use4 p#bae ,! "t ( exposure & ! /r5g? ( ! develop]s are ! mo/ important factors 9 det]m9+ ! quality & tone ( ! result+ transp>5cy4 ,giv+ a %ort exposure & us+ a /rong develop] w ensure a vigor\s picture ) a ri* velvety black tone4 ,a long exposure1 necessitat+ a weak develop]1 w produce f9e gradation ( light & %ade1 cle> %ad[s & a w>m br[n tone4 ,:5 mak+ transp>5cies = ! w9d[1 cut a mask1 ) an op5+1 all[+ = ! bord] or m>g9 on ! gr\nd glass x is int5d$ to use4 ,a suitable pap] = ?is purpose is ( deep orange color & mod]ately heavy2 place ! mask betwe5 ! negative & ! dry plate to be act$ on1 & x w protect ! m>g9 f ! action ( light1 leav+ x cle> glass1 & s exhibit+ to bett] advantage ! ornam5t$ bord] ( ! gr\nd or et*$ glass1 :i* is plac$ aga9/ & cov]s & protects ! film ( ! dry plate4 ,:5 mak+ lant]n slides ! mask is n necess>y4 ,,f]r\s ,,oxalate ,,develop] ,,= ,,transp>5cies4 ,no4 #a4 ,sulphate ( iron 7,an?ony's7 #b ounces4 ,di/ill$ or ice wat] #cb ,sulphuric acid #h drops4 ,no4 #b4 ,neutral oxalate ( potassium #h ounces4 ,w>m di/ill$ wat] #cb ,citric acid 7or t>t>ic7 #fj gra9s4 ,bromide ( potassium #ahj ,:5 ab\t to use1 mix equal p>ts ( ,nos4 #a & #b1 always p\r+ ,no4 #a into ,no4 #b4 p#baf ,! exposure hav+ be5 made 9 ! cam]a or 9 ! pr9t+ frame1 place ! plate 9 ! develop+ tray & p\r ^u x suffici5t ( ! develop+ solution1 mix$ z direct$1 to cov] ! plate at once1 & keep x 9 motion f "t to "t4 ,develop until detail 9 ! high lights is pla9ly visible4 ,:5 ?is is ! case remove ! plate1 wa% well & fix 9 hypo-solution4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,hyposulphite ( soda #f ounces4 ,:5 ! plate is q cle>$1 ( :i* x is bett] to make sure by leav+ ! plate 9 ! fix+ solution = fully five m9utes aft] x fir/ appe>s cle>1 remove x & wa% aga9 v ?or\ghly1 & !n imm]se x 9 ! cle>+ solution4 ,wat] #bj ounces4 ,sulphuric acid #a_/b ,alum #b ,leave ! plate 9 ! cle>+ solution two m9utes or m1 !n wa% aga91 rubb+ ! surface lightly ) a tuft ( cotton to remove any s$im5t t may adh]e to ! film1 !n set x up 9 a rack to dry4 ,,porcela9 ,,& ,,opal ,,transp>5cies may be develop$ 9 ! same mann] until detail may be se5 9 ! face1 if x is a portrait2 !n remove x & in/antly fl[ ) a solution ( bromide ( ammonium to /op develop+ action1 !n wa%1 fix & dry z be=e4 ,= portraits on porcela9 or opal1 to be view$ z positives by reflect$ light1 develop until ! f9e half-tones 9 ! face are visible4 ,:5 !y are = transp>5cies1 p#bag ei!r = w9d[ or lamp %ades1 develop until ! detail 9 ! high lights ( portrait or l&scape are well out4 ,?is may necessitate a long] exposure by lamp-light4 ,transp>5cies develop$ by o!r me?ods receive a /a9 or color1 :i*1 9 _m cases1 is n unpleas+2 = in/ance1 ! foll[+ =mula w give a v beautiful yell[i% color3 ,saturat$ solution yell[ prussiate ( pota%1 #d ounces4 ,pyro #b gra9s4 ,ammonia 7conc47 #b drops4 ,?is w cov] & develop "o #haj plate1 giv+ x an agreeable color simil> to t produc$ by developm5t by sal soda & pyro1 b mu* m agreeable4 ,a v f9e blue color is imp>t$ to ! plate :5 develop$ by ! foll[+ =mula3 ,saturat$ solution sal soda #e m9ims4 ,saturat$ solution pota% #e ,saturat$ solution f]rocyanide ( pota% #e ,bromide ammonium #a gra94 ,pyro #b gra9s4 ,wat] #d ounces4 ,f ! fact t ^! diff]5t developm5ts imp>t diff]5t colors to ! negatives1 x might be inf]r$ t ! gelat9e film is susceptible ( receiv+ color f a /a9 or dye2 if su* is ! case1 transp>5cies may be made 9 e color ( ! *romatic or sol> spectrum4 ,i h se5 "o ( a beautiful rose color1 & 0 in=m$ t ! color 0 receiv$ 9 developm5t4 p#bah ,?is 0 possibly s1 b x is v easily asc]ta9$ if ! film ( ! develop$ plate is capable ( receiv+ a dye ( any pleas+ color suitable to ! subject4 ,,transp>5cies ,,by ,,wet ,,collodion4 ,f ! ,photographic ,times4 ,transp>5cies = ! decoration ( w9d[s1 or gas %ades1 or = exam9ation 9 ! /]eoscope1 diff] f ^? int5d$ = lant]n projection 9 be+ some:at m int5se4 ,a lant]n transp>5cy mu/ h its high lights ( pure glass2 9 ! case ( ! o!rs1 x is ( less consequ5ce1 %\ld !y be slightly %ad$4 ,to produce a transp>5cy by wet collodion1 a cam]a is requir$ ! body ( :i* w be capable ( ext5d+ to twice ! focus ( ! l5s1 al?\gh a /ill fur!r ext5sion is desirable4 ,! reason = ?is lies 9 ! fact t :5 mak+ a transp>5cy ! same size z ! negative1 ! s5sitive plate mu/ be )drawn f ! l5s to ! ext5t ( precisely twice ! sol> focus4 ,x occasionally happ5s t x is desirable to make ! image 9 ! transp>5cy on a scale a little l>g] ?an t 9 ! negative4 ,to p]mit ( ?is be+ done1 x is necess>y t ! di/ance betwe5 ! s5sitive plate & ! l5s be increas$1 = accord+ to ?is di/ance1 s is ! am\nt ( enl>g+4 ,! negative mu/ be s arrang$ z to h a cle> sky or a uni=m light beh9d x4 ,if ! "w is to be effect$ at a s\? w9d[ into :i* ! sun is %9+1 ! requisite uni=mity ( illum9ation is obta9$ by plac+ a %eet ( gr\nd glass )9 a few in*es ( ! negative4 ,arrangem5ts mu/ be made by p#bai :i* ! negative may n only be held rigidly 9 an upright position1 b t su* adju/m5ts may also be made z w br+ x z ne> to or z f> f ! l5s z w be f\nd requisite1 & also z w p]mit ( its be+ rais$1 l[]$ or hav+ any "p f> remov$ f ! c5tre br\ght into ! axis ( ! l5s4 ,^! conditions are fulfill$ 9 all good transp>5cy cam]as4 ,we d n ass]t t a prop]ly con/ruct$ cam]a = ! special purpose ( mak+ transp>5cies is an absolute necessity1 see+ t a light framework erect$ 9 front ( ! cam]a1 & ) :i* x ne$ n be connect$ ) a bell[s body1 w suffice1 b ! great conv5i5ce ( a cam]a expressly = ! purpose _c be ov]rat$4 ,9 ord] to ensure cle>ness ( ! high lights1 ! collodion %\ld be r5d]$ ( a d>k %]ry color by ! addition ( a few drops ( an alcoholic solution ( iod9e4 ,! /r5g? ( ! solution is n ( consequ5ce1 b en\gh mu/ be add$ to ! collodion to r5d] x ( ! color indicat$4 ,collodion = ?is purpose works r bett] aft] x has be5 kept = a few weeks or mon?s ?an :5 x is q new4 ,no h9ts c "h be giv5 z to ! l5g? ( exposure requisite1 b if ! cam]a be po9t$ to a mod]ately bright sky1 ! negative "o ( av]age d5sity1 & ! l5s work$ ) a small diaphragm1 an exposure ( tw5ty-five or ?irty seconds may be giv51 &1 by not+ c>efully ! quality ( ! result+ picture :5 f9i%$1 ! data = a m accurate tim+ ( ! exposure may be asc]ta9$ !refrom4 ,aft] develop+ ! image ) iron1 if x %\ld1 ^u exam9ation prove to be too ?91 wa% (f ! develop] & apply pyrogallic acid & silv] & br+ x up to ! requir$ int5sity4 ,fix & wa%4 p#bbj ,at ?is /age--t is1 aft] fix+ & previ\s to ! plate be+ dri$--! image may be ton$ to almo/ any desir$ color4 ,x is to be regrett$ t "s ( ! mo/ desirable tones _c be recomm5d$1 on acc\nt ( ! want ( p]man5ce4 ,a type ( ! be/ ( ?is class ( ton+ ag5ts is z foll[s3 ,make a saturat$ solution ( bi-*loride ( m]cury 9 hydro*loric acid & dilute x ) twelve volumes ( wat]4 ,into ?is place ! plate1 aft] hav+ ?or\ghly remov$ ! hyposulphite by wa%+4 ,:5 x has become q blea*$1 wa% c>efully aga9 & place 9 a ba? compos$ ( a dram ( sulphide ( ammonium to a p9t ( wat]4 ,! image w soon acquire a ri* d>k br[n color1 & :5 ?is is f\nd to h p5etrat$ ! film1 x may be wa%$1 dri$ & v>ni%$4 ,a solution ( sulphide ( potassium imp>ts a good br[n color4 ,*loride ( gold gives a tone :i* may be describ$ z a neutral black1 t is bo? durable & v pleas+ = q a v>iety ( subjects4 ,a solution ( *loride ( plat9um gives a tone :i* is v p]man5t4 ,x is ess5tial :5 us+ ei!r gold or plat9um t ! ton+ solution be weak4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 s to develop a collodion transp>5cy z to obta9 a ri* purple black tone )\t any aft] ton+4 ,! addition ( a few drops ( a saturat$ solution ( citric acid p] ounce ( develop] effects ?is1 b z x *ecks developm5t at ! same "t1 ! proportion ( protosulphate ( iron mu/ be increas$ to su* an ext5t z to imp>t en]gy to ! develop]4 p#bba ,a few drops ( a solution ( gelat9e 9 sulphuric acid is also ( great utility :5 add$ to an iron develop]4 ,x promotes cle>ness ( image & ri*ness ( tone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?ony',s ,,bicycle ,,cam]a4 p#bbb ,h[ delightful a pleasure x is 9 ! e>ly morn+1 or ( a f9e aft]noon1 to m\nt a bicycle & take a sp9 along ! c\ntry roads4 ,! brac+ air1 ! easy motion1 ! s5se ( indep5d5ce1 s act ^u ! m9d z to make x ke5ly s5sitive to ! beauties ( ! foliage & sc5]y t s swiftly pass be=e ! eyes4 ,su* mu/ h be5 ! ?\ght ( him :o p5n$ ! foll[+3 ,mo/ ( u1 no d\bt1 h exp]i5c$ ! desire1 z our ma*9es h pass$ "s pretty & specially picturesque bits ( sc5]y1 to take away ) u "s memory1 to be recall$ at "s future "t1 ( :at we 7 !n pass+ by4 ,& mo/ ( u h also exp]i5c$ ! difficulty1 z "o picturesque sc5e is replac$ by ano!r1 & s on to ! end ( our j\rney1 ( prev5t+ ! _m sc5es gett+ some:at bl5d$ 9 our m9ds1 & an inability to produce details ) accuracy4 ,to sit & sket* su* sc5es w\ld be to r$uce ! j\rney to a sket*+ t\r1 & ! di/ance to be cov]$ mu/ be r$uc$ accord+ly1 ?us depriv+ ! 'cycli/' ( ! usefulness ( 8 ma*9e4 ,t :i* ?is t\ri/ desires may be accompli%$ by ! aid ( photography1 & ! :ole addition to ! imp$im5ta ( ! 'cycli/' c be s arrang$ z to be trifl+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! app>atus consi/s ( a tripod1 cam]a & case4 ,my cam]a1 ) lea!r case & provisions = expos+ a doz5 #ed plates1 weighs betwe5 f\rte5 & fifte5 p\nds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h endeavor$ to %[ 9 ! brief space ( "t p#bbc at my disposal1 h[ ! enjoym5t ( a 'cycli/'s' ramble may be enhanc$ by t mo/ wond]ful comb9ation ( *emi/ry1 optics & me*anics1 :i* has result$ 9 plac+ ! sci5ce ( photography )9 ! rea* ( ! amateur4 ,:5 we h imprison$ our sun pictures1 & h !m safe1 ?\gh lat5t & invisible1 intangible & impalpable to any ( our s5ses1 we may at our leisure 7x may be mon?s aft]71 by means ( ^? m>vel\s *emical aff9ities :i* ?r[ ! haloid salts ( silv] aga9 into *emical life1 produce on ! film ! pictures we h s desir$2 & !n aga91 by fur!r use ( ! light1 we pr9t our sc5es on ! s5sitive pap]4 ,we h !n a pictorial hi/ory ( our j\rney 9 our albums1 :i* w recall ! pleasant memories ( happy days sp5t long1 long ye>s ago4 ,,frank ,,cobb4 ,! amateur :o wrote z above rode on a tricycle & c>ri$ a load ( app>atus = #de plates1 am\nt+ to f\rte5 or fifte5 p\nds1 = a doz5 pictures4 ,t is ! way x is done 9 ,engl&2 b 9 ?is c\ntry me*anical skill has r$uc$ t load to less ?an five p\nds = two doz5 pictures ( ! same size1 & ! cycli/ goes =? ) a small cam]a & a roll-hold] *>g$ ) films = #bd exposures1 :i* are c>ri$ 9 a small case support$ by a /rap pass+ ov] ! %\ld]1 & ^! films are s s5sitive t x is n necess>y t he %\ld dism\nt & und]go ! tr\ble ( erect+ a tripod1 & atta*+ 8 cam]a !reto4 ,he has only to fix 8 cam]a by a univ]sal jo9t to 8 /e]+-b> & %oot z he flies1 ) ! full confid5ce t at ! prop] "t p#bbd he w f9d 8 bit ( sc5]y spr+ into beauty & brilliancy "u ! influ5ce ( ! develop+ solution4 ,or if ! exig5cies ( ! situation require t ! po9t ( view w\ld be bett] (f ! road1 !n ! :eel is v easily conv]t$ into a support = ! cam]a by ! little brass telescopic rod :i* is adju/$ aga9/ ! p$al at ! side ( ! :eel by a /rap1 & l5g!n$ to rea* ! gr\nd1 aga9/ :i* ! :eel may re/ q suffici5tly /eady = all purposes 9 "q4 ,! little cam]a1 ) d\ble hold] telescopic support = :eel & ! case1 w weigh ab\t two p\nds1 :i* may be c>ri$ by means ( a /rap on ! %\ld]1 or may be buckl$ to ! saddle ( ! ma*9e4 ,! detective cam]a1 also1 is q well suit$ = su* a purpose1 ) ! roll-hold]s or o!rwise1 z may be desir$2 b ! pap] films are m s5sitive ?an ! plate1 & are1 !re=e1 m suitable = su* rapid "w z may be requir$4 ,,photo ,,micrography4 ,if y place any natural object at a di/ance f a convex l5s1 a mu* small] image ( ! same w appe> at ! focus ( ! l5s4 ,:5 ?is small image is r$uc$ to t po9t t x _c be se5 cle>ly ) ! nak$ eye1 & is photograph$1 x may be call$ a micro-photograph4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! object is a microscopic "o1 & is plac$ at a po9t v ne> a convex l5s1 an enl>g$ image may be f\nd at a consid]able di/ance f ! l5s4 ,a photograph ( ?is enl>g$ image ( a microscopic prep>$ object1 is t]m$ a photo-micrograph4 p#bbe ,"s confusion among s-call$ au?orities on ?is subject r5d]s _! def9ition ( suffici5t importance to be giv5 9 ?is connection4 ,) ! =m] we h no?+ to d1 z !re c be v little int]e/ atta*+ to ! production ( pictures ( any object on s small a scale z to require a microscope to look at !m4 ,) ! latt]1 h[ev]1 x is o!rwise1 = by ! aid ( photo-micrography we are enabl$ to place 9 p]man5cy = clos] /udy ^? enl>gem5ts ( natural objects t are reveal$ to ! human eye by ! microscope4 ,! secrets ( ! composition ( ! drop ( wat] & a k ( its mon/r\s & t]rific inhabitants1 are ?us made kn[n4 ,previ\s to ! introduction ( ! s5sitive dry plate ! practice ( photo-micrography 0 conf9$ almo/ :olly to ^? possess$ ( leisure1 & ample means to provide ! exp5sive & complicat$ in/rum5ts necess>y1 or to savants l ,dr4 ,woodw>d1 back$ by ! res\rces ( a lib]al gov]nm5t supply+ app>atus & appliances f> beyond ! means ( ! ord9>y /ud5t ( natural sci5ce4 ,! adv5t ( ! gelat9e dry plate plac$ ! work]s 9 ?is bran* ( sci5tific rese>* m ne>ly on a level1 at lea/ z f> z ! possession ( suitable & effici5t in/rum5ts are conc]n$1 & "o ( ^! work]s has publi%$ = ! in/ruction ( amateurs & o!rs a v valuable article on photo-micrography1 f :i* we extract by p]mission a description ( ! in/rum5ts necess>y to ! successful practice ( ?is int]e/+ /udy4 ,mr4 ,walmsley1 9 ! article ref]r$ to1 says3 ,i w n[ describe ! app>atus ,i am us+ at pres5t1 p#bbf pass+ unnotic$ ! v>i\s /ages by :i* its comp>ative p]fection has be5 rea*$4 ,f\r ess5tial p>ts make up ! complete outfit4 ,a microscope ) its object glasses & o!r accessories4 ,a cam]a ) long ext5sion bell[s4 ,a lamp = illum9ation4 ,a solid plat=m to c>ry ! entire app>atus4 ,a microscope ) a jo9t to ! body p]mitt+ ! same to be incl9$ to a horizontal position may be employ$1 b ! ess5tials to accurate1 com=table "w are z foll[s3 ,a heavy1 solid /&1 p]fectly firm 9 all its positions1 ) a %ort body 7! #f-;in* ,cont95tal model is admirable71 good co>se adju/m5t = focus1 & a v delicate1 f9e "o1 ! latt] controll$ by a l>ge mill$ head1 9 ! p]iph]y ( :i* a groove is turn$ to admit ! focuss+ cord1 h]eaft] to be describ$4 ,a solid1 me*anical /age rotat+ 9 ! optic axis1 & a sub-/age mov$ by rack & p9ion1 capable ( c>ry+ an a*romatic cond5s]1 pol>iscope1 etc41 are almo/ indisp5sable4 ,! objectives %\ld be ! v be/1 especially correct$ = photography 9 all p[]s "u ! "o-fif? ( an in* & ( mod]ate angul> ap]ture4 ,p]fect corrections ( *romatic & sph]ical ab]rations1 ) ! greate/ p5etrat+ & def9+ p[]s1 are ess5tial features 9 objectives design$ = photography4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a b9ocul> microscope c be us$ q z well z a monocul>1 by simply %ift+ ! prism1 b if an in/rum5t is to be select$ purposely = photograph+1 p#bbg ! latt] is recomm5d$ 9 pref]5ce to ! =m]4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! tube is to be l9$ ) black velvet or flock pap]1 o!rwise !re w be a reflection f its inn] surface1 :i* w cause a gho/ 9 ! negative4 ,an accurately c5t]$ d\ble or triple nose-piece1 c>ry+ z _m objectives ( diff]5t p[]s1 w also be f\nd an imm5se conv5i5ce1 sav+ mu* "t & labor 9 *oos+ ! prop] object glass = any p>ticul> object4 ,i use a triple nose-piece1 ^u :i* are always screw$ a two-?irds1 a f\r-t5?s1 & a "o-fif? in* objective1 be+ ! p[]s mo/ g5]ally us$4 ,if ! "o-fif? is to be employ$ 9 mak+ an exposure1 ! object is readily br\ght into ! c5tre ( ! field "u ! two-?irds by a simple rotation ( ! nose-piece2 ! "o-fif? is n[ br\ght into position1 :5 ! object w be f\nd to occupy ! c5tre ( its field ( view4 ,mu* valuable "t1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be exp5d$ 9 f9d+ a m9ute object "u s consid]able a p[]1 is ?us sav$4 ,mo/ *emical cry/als be+ colorless & ne>ly invisible "u ord9>y illum9ation1 require to be exam9$ & photograph$ by pol>iz$ light4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! pol>iscope prisms %\ld be ( l>ge size1 & bo? m\nt$ 9 revolv+ sett+s4 ,! l[] prism %\ld also fit into a sub-/age1 capable ( c>ry+ an a*romatic cond5s] above1 9 ord] to prop]ly illum9ate ! field ) any objective above ! two-?irds in*4 ,! a*romatic cond5s] itself %\ld consi/ ( at lea/ two comb9ations ( diff]5t p[]s & ( wide angul> ap]tures4 ,x is always necess>y to employ a cond5s] ( great] p[] ?an ! objective4 ,if a "o-fif? is us$1 ! p#bbh illum9ation %\ld be by a f\r-t5?s to get ! be/ results1 :il/ a "o-t5? %\ld be illum9at$ by a "o-fif?4 ,= l[] p[]s1 ! ord9>y bull's-eye cond5s]1 9 connection ) a diaphragm ( v>y+ ap]tures1 w be f\nd all-suffici5t4 ,= ! great majority ( work]s ! foll[+ p[]s ( object glasses are recomm5d$3 ,two in* or "o & "o-half in*1 two-?ird in*1 f\r-t5? in*1 "o-fif? in* & "o-t5? in*1 ! latt] an imm]sion capable ( be+ us$ ) glyc]9e1 s9ce wat] evaporates too rapidly = practical use4 ,) ^! p[]s1 & a cam]a hav+ ?irty in*es ext5sion ( bell[s1 a range ( p[]s f ab\t t5 to six hundr$ diamet]s may be obta9$1 :il/ ! addition ( an a*romatic amplifi] w increase ! p[] ( ! "o-t5? to m ?an "o ?\s& diamet]s1 )\t p]ceptible loss ( light or def9ition4 ,all ! =ego+ features are comb9$ 9 ! microscope ,i am us+ = ?is "w1 &1 9 enum]at+ !m1 ,i h b describ$ t v p]fect & complete in/rum5t4 ,we pass n[ to ! second "p ( our outfit4 ,,! ,,cam]a4 ,probably ! mo/ conv5i5t & g5]ally useful =m ( cam]a is "o ) bell[s ext5d+ "s ?irty in*es1 & capable ( c>ry+ bo? qu>t] & half siz$ plates1 horizontally or v]tically4 ,my box is a squ>e "o1 c>ry+ plates f ! #d-d size 7#f-a_/bh-a_/b in*es7 d[n to #c-a_/dd-a_/d4 ,! bell[s are 9 ?ree divisions1 ext5d+ fully f\r feet1 giv+ altoge!r ne>ly six feet f ! microscopic /age p#bbi to ! focuss+ scre5 :5 fully drawn out4 ,x is v c>efully made ( h>d wood1 & ! framework c>ry+ ! bell[s moves ) ! utmo/ smoo?ness ^u its -%ap$ runn]s4 ,a %ort cone front receives ! microscope tube1 & all extrane\s light is %ut out by a wrapp+ ( black velvete5 ar\nd ! op5+1 secur$ by a rubb] b&4 ,! focuss+ scre5 7:i* is only us$ = arrang+ ! object 9 ! c5tre ( ! field or plate1 & is entirely removable7 has a space ( ! precise size & %ape ( a lant]n slide p5cill$ 9 its c5tre1 z a guide to ! mak+ ( qu>t] plate negatives4 ,an object fill+ ?is space on ! gr\nd glass w necess>ily occupy ! same position on ! qu>t] plate :5 ! hold] conta9+ ! latt] is made to take ! place ( ! focuss+ scre54 ,z /at$1 ! gr\nd glass is us$ only = conta9+ ! object1 & = co>se adju/m5t ( focus4 ,x is impossible to gr9d x f9ely en\gh to accurately focus any delicate tissue ) high or ev5 mod]ate p[]s4 ,_m sugge/ions h be5 made & devices us$1 b all ,i h tri$ prov$ unsatisfactory1 until ! foll[+ appe>$ 9 an ,engli% j\rnal3 ,an ev5ly coat$ gelat9e plate is to be expos$ to a flood ( :ite light1 develop$ to a v slight int5sity--a m]e smok9ess--fix$ & wa%$ z usual1 !n blea*$ ) m]cury1 wa%$ & dri$4 ,! result is ! mo/ p]fect focuss+ surface imag9able4 ,to use1 remove ! focuss+ scre5 f ! cam]a & replace x ) ! plate hold] f :i* ! slides h be5 remov$4 ,! blea*$ gelat9e plate 7:i* ( c\rse mu/ be ( prop] size to fit ! hold]7 is to be plac$ !re9 ) ! film side p#bcj t[>d ! microscope4 ,n[ place a focuss+ glass aga9/ ! back ( ! plate1 apply ! eye to x & adju/ ! focus by a delicate pull ( ! cord4 ,no?+ c be m satisfactory4 ,:5 ! prop] adju/m5t is det]m9$ ^u1 secure x f possible *ange dur+ exposure1 by w9d+ ! cord once or twice ov] ! screw eye at ! re> ( ! cam]a frame4 ,! plate hold] 7s+le7 op5s at ! back to receive ! plate1 & be+ squ>e1 l ! cam]a box1 admits ( ! negative be+ tak5 v]tically or horizontally1 z may be desir$1 a matt] ( no small importance 9 _m cases4 ,?is feature1 9 connection ) ! revolv+ /age1 enables "o to place any object ^u ! plate 9 ! be/ position = pr9t+4 ,! full size ( ! plate c>ri$ by my hold]s is #f-a_/bh-a_/b in*es1 b by ! employm5t ( removeable rabbett kits1 plates #eg1 #de & #c-a_/dd-a_/d c be us$4 ,x is desirable to h two or ?ree additional hold]s z "t sav]s4 ,= our "w to possess any real uni=mity or value1 x is absolutely necess>y t ! magnify+ p[] us$ ) ea* exposure %\ld be asc]ta9$ & not$4 ,to make measurem5ts ea* "t w\ld be a wa/e ( t preci\s commodity1 to avoid :i* ,i h adopt$ ! foll[+ device3 ,! b$ or framework ^u :i* ! bell[s ext5ds1 is divid$ into spaces ( "o in*1 & ! same pla9ly m>k$ !reon4 ,suppose ?is ext5sion is ?irty in*es1 & t by means ( ! /age micro-met] we f9d ! "o & "o-half in* objective to magnify tw5ty diamet]s ) ! bell[s clos$ & fifty fully ext5d$4 ,?is gives ! value ( "o diamet] p#bca to ea* in* ( bell[s drawn out1 & if ! magnifi$ object rea*es ! desir$ dim5sions1 at1 say tw5ty in*es ext5sion1 we at once "k ! p[] to be =ty diamet]s4 ,suppose1 aga91 a p[] ( "o-fif? is be+ us$1 magnify+ #abe diamet]s ) bell[s clos$1 & #bge ) ! same ext5d$ ?irty in*es2 ?is gives a value ( five diamet]s to ea* in*1 & if ! desir$ size is rea*$ at tw5ty-five in*es ext5sion1 we h a p[] employ$ ( #bej diamet]s4 ,by mak+ ^! measurem5ts 7clos$ & op57 = ea* objective habitually us$1 & record+ ! same 9 our note-book1 an accurate & readily adju/able table ( measurem5ts is ready = all future "w4 ,we n[ pass 7?irdly7 to ! important subject ( illum9ation1 9 _m respects ! mo/ important 9 photo-micrographic "w4 ,x goes )\t say+ t to ! favor$ few1 ^: "t & means p]mit ! h>ness+ ( ! sun's rays 9 _! s]vice1 no artificial light c be produc$ :i* w q take ! place ( ! great lum9>y1 b = ! _m1 "s o!r means mu/ be s\ght4 ,:5 ! promis$ days arrive t are to place 9 e man's h\se electric lights1 *eap] ?an gas & z easily controll$1 ! problem w be satisfactorily solv$2 b at pres5t we mu/ cont5t ourselves ) prosaic k]os5e1 seek+ only = ! mo/ practical me?od ( utiliz+ its brilliant light4 ,aft] _m exp]im5ts ,i h settl$ ^u a flat1 broad-bas$ lamp ( good oil-hold+ capacity1 :i* is atta*$ to a heavy retort /& ) movable arm1 enabl+ x to be c>ri$ to any desir$ height4 ,a duplex burn] & a tall *imney1 produc+ p]fect p#bcb combu/ion1 af=d a light ( ?irty c&le p[]1 r5d]+ possible ! foll[+ av]age exposures ) ! plates ,i am n[ us+1 ! v>iation 9 "t be+ caus$ by diff]+ d5sities & act9ism ( ! tissues or sub/ances to be photograph$3 #a-a_/b in* objective #c to #e seconds4 #b_/c in* objective #g to #ij #d_/aj in* objective #a_/b to #c m9utes4 #a_/e in* objective #b to #g #a_/aj in* objective #d to #aj ,?is lamp produces suffici5t light = use ) ! highe/ p[]s1 requir+ ! employm5t ( a diaphragm to r$uce its int5sity4 ,too brilliant an illum9ation1 flood+ ! field ) diffusive rays1 w almo/ c]ta9ly produce a blurr$ & indi/9ct image4 ,microscope1 cam]a & lamp be+ ready = use1 x becomes necess>y to provide a suitable support = ea*1 9 ord] to =m a complete work+ outfit4 ,"s writ]s h describ$ & illu/rat$ _! app>atus z be+ c>ri$ ^u two or m sep>ate tables or tre/les4 ,?is ,i h f\nd to be a mo/ objectionable me?od 9 our city h\ses1 s9ce ! vibration produc$ by pass+ vehicles is unev5ly communicat$ to cam]a & microscope1 produc+ inevitably a di/urb$ or blurr$ image1 especially :5 high p[]s are employ$4 ,by adopt+1 h[ev]1 a long1 solid plat=m1 c>ry+ all ! sep>ate p>ts ( ! app>atus1 ?is objectionable feature is remov$1 any vibration is communicat$ to cam]a & microscope alike1 & !re is no blurr+ ( ! result+ image :atev]4 ,9 my app>atus ?is plat=m is ab\t five feet 9 l5g?1 ) a rais$ portion at "o end1 p#bcc ^u :i* ! cam]a is firmly clamp$ by a mill$ head op]at$ f b5ea?4 ,! cone front ext5ds t[>d ! plat=m1 ^u :i* ! microscope 7incl9$ horizontally7 is secur$ at su* a height t its tube precisely ent]s ! middle ( ! cone4 ,?us1 a /raight l9e drawn f ! object ^u ! /age ?r\gh ! microscope tube & cam]a %\ld fall ^u ! c5tre ( ! focuss+ scre51 & if all ! p>ts are prop]ly put toge!r ?is w be ! result1 & ! :ole field w be equally illum9at$ :5 ! lamp is plac$ 9 position4 ,! /& ( ! latt] is n secur$ to ! plat=m1 b is left free to be mov$ ab\t & plac$ ne>] to or f>!r f ! microscope1 z may be f\nd necess>y to secure ! be/ results4 ,a bull's-eye cond5s] ^u a movable /& plac$ betwe5 ! lamp & ! /age ( ! microscope1 is necess>y to conc5trate ! light ^u ! object1 or ^u ! a*romatic cond5s] :5 ! latt] is us$ & to aid 9 ! equal illum9ation ( ! field4 ,! latt] is ( great importance1 s9ce ! result ( an unev5 illum9ation w be a negative ( diff]+ d5sities 9 diff]5t p>ts1 m>r+ its beauty1 & at times r5d]+ x utt]ly wor?less4 ,too mu* /ress _c be plac$ ^u ! necessity ( secur+ an ev51 brilliant light ( prop] int5sity = ! object "u exam9ation4 ,! arrang+ ( ! object 9 ! c5tre ( ! field 7"u a l[ p[]7 & ! co>se adju/m5t ( focus are done ) ! bell[s tightly clos$1 :i* br+s ! focuss+ scre5 s ne> to ! microscope t1 :il/ ! op]ator sees ! object !reon1 8 h& c readily rea* ! mill$ head1 controll+ ! p#bcd /age & o!r movem5ts4 ,b :5 ! bell[s is ext5d$ to ! l5g? af=d+ ! desir$ magnification x w be f\nd t ! object1 :il/ reta9+ its c5tral position1 has lo/ its %>pness1 necessitat+ a f9al & c>eful focuss+ :i* is no long] possible 9 ! same mann] z be=e1 s9ce ! gr\nd glass & microscope are s widely sep>at$ t ! "o _c be rea*$ :il/ look+ into ! o!rs4 ,"s special device becomes necess>y 9 ?is em]g5cy1 & _m h be5 made1 mo/ly complicat$ & co/ly4 ,! me?od ,i h adopt$ is ! old & simple "o ( a f9e cord pass+ ar\nd ! p]iph]y ( ! mill$ head controll+ ! f9e adju/m5t1 9 a groove cut = t purpose1 !nce ?r\gh a s]ies ( screw eyes to ! re> ( ! frame-"w c>ry+ ! bell[s ext5sion1 :]e x is kept taut by a c\ple ( small lead5 weights4 ,! slighte/ t5sion ^u ?is cord causes a correspond+ movem5t ( ! f9e adju/m5t1 & no?+ c exce$ ! delicacy ( its work+ or its fre$om f d]angem5t4 ,a f9e fi%+1 l9e makes an admirable cord = ?is purpose4 ,hav+ sket*$ ! v>i\s portions ( ! app>atus & br\ght ! :ole toge!r into complete =m1 a few r&om extracts f my note-book may n prove un9t]e/+ or valueless to "s :o are work+ 9 ?is direction4 ,gelat9e plates = photo-micrography4 ,! requisites ( a p]fect plate are1 great s5sitiv5ess1 comb9$ ) extreme latitude 9 "t ( exposure1 & d5sity 9 developm5t4 ,x %\ld be ( a f9e texture1 %[+ cle>ly ! mo/ delicate l9es & m>k+s1 p#bce ev5ly coat$ & free f spots or blemi%es ( any sort4#b #b ,! ,/anley dry plate has all ^! qualities 9 ! highe/ p]fection4 ,x is mo/ provok+ to h an o!rwise p]fect negative m>r$ or ru9$ by opaque or transp>5t spots appe>+ 9 its mo/ important portions4 ,= developm5t1 f]r\s oxalate or alkal9e pyro are equally useful1 & ei!r may be employ$1 z suits ! fancy or conv5i5ce ( ! op]ator4 ,my own pref]5ce is = ! latt]1 & ,i always use x ) ammonia well re/ra9$1 hav+ _h no success ) ei!r soda or pota% 9 ?is class ( "w4 ,= all objects possess+ mu* color x is be/ to cont9ue ! developm5t until full d5sity is obta9$1 b = v ?9 or transp>5t subjects1 su* z diatones or un/a9$ vegetable tissues1 x is f> bett] to /op ! developm5t z soon z all details are out & resort to aft]-int5sification1 = :i* purpose blea*+ ) m]cury foll[$ by a t5 p] c5t4 ba? ( sulphite ( soda w be f\nd em95tly satisfactory4 ,i always use ! alum ba?1 & inv>iably secure a clean negative ( a cool gray color1 resembl+ iron developm5t4 ,pr9t+4 ,! be/ ready s5sitiz$ pap] c be dep5d$ on = produc+ satisfactory pr9ts1 %[+ ! mo/ delicate l9es & m>k+s ( diatones & turn+ to any desir$ %ade4 ,avoid ov]-pr9t+1 wa% b slightly 9 two *anges ( wat]1 ! la/ slightly acidulat$ ) acetic acid1 & use an acetate ( soda ton+ ba?4 ,undesirable portions ( ! negative may be /opp$ out ) a mat ( suitable p#bcf %ape4 ,any ord9>y cab9et c>d makes a neat m\nt ( conv5i5t size1 ^u :i* may be writt5 ! "n ( ! object or specim5 objective & magnification employ$1 & any o!r matt] ref]r+ to pr9t or negative :i* may be necess>y to note4 ,a c>efully kept note-book is a mo/ important aid to ! work] 9 photo-micrography1 & x %\ld conta9 all 8 failures & successes alike4 ,notes %\ld be made ( ! specim5 objective1 magnification1 exposure1 plate & develop]1 :i*1 c>efully /udi$1 w almo/ c]ta9ly enable him to secure a success ) ea* exposure4 ,lant]n ,slides4--,x is well to make ! negative z f> z possible ( a suitable size = produc+ ! positive by contact pr9t+1 :i* is conv5i5t & satisfactory1 ?\gh !re c be no d\bt t reproduction 9 ! cam]a af=ds bett] results4 ,sl[ gelat9o bromide plates1 su* z ,c>butt makes = ?is purpose1 produce v satisfactory "w1 b ! *lorides are s f> sup]ior t !re c be little d\bt ( _! be+ exclusively employ$ = positives 9 future4 ,!re is a ri*ness ( tone1 comb9$ ) great transp>5cy 9 ! %ad[s & cle> glass 9 ! high lights1 q unatta9able ) bromide emulsions1 & rival+ ! be/ wet "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,opaque ,objects4--,^! may be photograph$ by ! light f a lamp q z well z transp>5t ones1 ?r\gh :i* ! light is ?r[n1 a matt] ( :i* ,i h ?us f> spok5 only4 ,a /rong illum9ation mu/ be obta9$ by ! employm5t ( a suitable bull's-eye cond5s] or a silv]$ reflector4 ,! p#bcg mo/ satisfactory me?od1 h[ev]1 is by sunlight1 all[+ its direct rays to fall ^u ! object )\t ! int]v5tion ( any cond5s] :atev]4 ,v %ort exposures suffice ) su* illum9ation1 v>i$ only by ! reflect+ capacities ( ! object itself4 ,a successfully expos$ plate ( ?is class ( objects w give a pr9t ( ! subject1 /&+ out mo/ brilliantly ^u a black gr\nd4 ,to secure ! be/ results1 mo/ objects %\ld be specially m\nt$ = photograph+4 ,"s are be/ 9 a res9\s m$ium1 su* z ,canada ,balsam1 b mo/ tissues are obscur$ or entirely oblit]at$ 9 ?is m$ium4 ,s f> z possible all prep>ations %\ld be m\nt$ 9 a fluid ( "s description t w di/9ctly r5d] visible _m tissues & m>k+s :i* w\ld be lo/ 9 balsam4 ,?is subject1 h[ev]1 is "o ( s great ext5t t x w\ld require a special pap]1 & ,i m]ely ref] to x n[ because ( its importance1 hop+ at "s future "t to enl>ge m fully ^u x4 ,y w notice t my rem>ks h be5 conf9$ to "w t may be done ) objectives ( l[ or mod]ately high p[]s1 9 no case exce$+ "o ?\s& diamet]s1 hav+ pref]r$ to speak only ( t :i* ,i h demon/rat$ by actual "w z be+ practical4 ,f rec5t exp]im5ts ,i am fully conv9c$ t ! lamp light1 su* z ,i h describ$1 is capable ( produc+ satisfaction1 "w ) v mu* high] p[]s1 & %all hope1 at no di/ant day1 to %[ pr9ts made f magnification ( n less ?an two ?\s& diamet]s1 t w be satisfactory 9 all respects4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,wamsley4 p#bch ,,practical ,,sugge/ions4 ,:5 prep>+ = an out+1 consid] ! k9d ( "w y int5d to d & select y\r plates accord+ly4#c ,if x is int5d$ to make in/antane\s exposures1 get ! mo/ s5sitive plates possible2 ^? ( ! highe/ s5sitomet] numb] %\ld be procur$4 ,= subjects f /ill life1 inanimate objects1 l&scapes1 etc41 etc41 sl[] plates are pref]able4 ,:5 fill+ y\r hold]s1 c>efully bru% all du/ f ! surface ( ! plates1 asc]ta9 t ! l5ses are clean1 & wrap !m 9 *amois4 ,c>ry no useless weight4 #c ,! ,/anley lightn+ is p>ticul>ly recomm5d$ to amateurs = all quick "w4 ,:5 y h select$ y\r /&po9t1 plant ! legs ( ! tripod well ap>t to insure /ead9ess ( support & make sure t ! cam]a is level & firmly screw$ to ! tripod4 ,if y use a drop %utt]1 sl[ exposures may be made by hold+ ! slide 9 ! h& & pass+ x d[n sl[ly ov] ! op5+ 9 front ( ! l5s4 ,:5 us+ d\ble hold]s m>k ! side expos$ z soon z made4 ,c>ry a piece ( cetaceum pap]1 :i* may be us$ z a sub/itute 9 case y break y\r gr\nd glass4 ,! head clo? may be us$ z a *ang+ box by cov]+ ! hold] & box ( plates ) x & fold+ ! ends ar\nd ! wri/s1 secur+ !m by rubb] b&s2 !n proce$ by ! s5se ( feel+4 ,be=e expos+ draw ! slides1 s t no light may ent] ! plate hold]4 ,be sure y are "r1 !n g ahead4 ,be=e develop+ plates t h be5 expos$ in/antane\sly1 let !m soak a few m9utes 9 wat] p#bci ) a small portion ( soda or ammonia1 !n wa% !m & develop ) ! normal develop]4 ,mr4 ,+lis sugge/s t = extra rapid exposures a v sl[ developm5t ) weak develop] w give bett] detail & /r5g?4 ,! pap] films mu/ be develop$ always ) a /rong develop] to secure be/ results4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,endnote4 ,! head+s 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts d n necess>ily correspond to head+s 9 ! text4 ,a few examples w be m5tion$4 ,!re is no head+ = ,,"p ,i4 9 ! text1 ?\gh ,,"p ,,ii4 is pres5t4 ,!re are two head+s ,,cam]a ,,boxes 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 b only "o 9 ! body4 ,a second1 mat*+ "o1 has be5 add$ on page #aaj4 ,! ,table ( ,cont5ts li/s sev]al types ( pneumatic %utt] = pp #abd-abi t d n appe> 9 ! text "u ! same names4 ,9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 "u ! level-?ree head+ ,,gelat9o ,,emulsion at page #ch1 ! two level-f\r head+s ,prep>ation ( ,glass & ,coat+ ,glass occur 9 ! text "u a level-?ree head+ ,,description ,,( ,,app>atus ,,us$ ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,& ,,wa%+ ,,emulsions4 on page #dd1 :i* corresponds to a level-?ree head+ 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts ,,app>atus ,,us$ ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,emulsions4 ,?is head+ seems to ref] to ! same section ( text z ! level-f\r head+ ,app>atus = ,mak+ 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts "u page #ch4 ,9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts "u head+ at page #aha1 ,h[ to ,use !4 0 *ang$ to ,h[ to ,use !m4 ,a few o!r su* simple pr9t+ errors h be5 fix$ sil5tly4 ,"s captions ( images or tables orig9ally function$ 9 situ z section head+s2 "s ( ^! h r\ghly correspond+ entries 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,orig9ally1 & 9 ! html v]sion ( ?is ebook1 section head+s or captions ( images or tables may also function 9 situ z "p ( ! body text4 ,9 ?is text v]sion1 su* captions & illu/rations h be5 reta9$4 ,h[ev]1 any images t 7 orig9ally emb$d$ )9 p>agraphs 7 mov$ out ( p>agraphs to betwe5 p>agraphs1 & if necess>y1 ! caption 0 !n duplicat$ 9 ! text4 ,"s illu/rations t orig9ally _h no captions h be5 provid$ ) captions label$ ) ,,tn34 ,9 ! table on page #dc1 %[+ ! =mul = gelat9e emulsion1 ! fif? r[ duplicates ! ?ird r[1 probably errone\sly4 ,! "n ,ev] appe>s 9 ! table ( cont5ts twice1 9 connection ) ,emulsions ,c & ,d1 "u ! section />t+ at p #ch4 ,?is "n is spell$ ,ed] on pp #dc & #dd4