,,prophetical1 ,,educational ,,& ,,play+
 ,,c>ds          ,illu/ration3 ,,at\ts  
,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,pack ,,(    
,,t>ots        #a ,il ,bagattel         
#b ,la ,papessa        #c ,l',imp]atrice
        #d ,l',imp]atore        #e ,il  
,papa        #f ,gli ,amanti            
,prophetical1 ,educational & ,play+     
,c>ds        ,by ,,mrs4 ,,john ,,k+     
,,van ,,r5ssela]      ,au?or ( ,!       
,devil's ,picture ,books1 ,etc4         
,,london    ,,hur/  ,,blackett1 ,ltd4   
,,pat]no/] ,,h\se    #aiab              
,,pr9t$ ,,by    ,,! ,,george ,h         
,,bu*anan ,,company    ,,philadelphia1  
,u4 ,s4 ,a4          ,,! ,,oracle ,,(   
,,i%t> ,,& ,,nebo ,,utt]$ ,,by ,a       
,,woman ,,baya 7,,or ,,wit*7 ,a ,,native
  ,,( ,,arabela      ,i proclaim x      
al\d--,:at ,has ,be5 ,w ,be--,i am      
,nebo--,! ,"l ( !  ,writ+               
,tablet--,glorify ,me4                  
,,cont5ts        ,,*apt]                
,i--,,prophetical ,,& ,,o!r ,,c>ds      
#bg-eg        ,div9+ c>ds--,tablets (   

fate--,t>ots--,gambl+ c>ds--      ,_!   
diff]5ce--,p]sian c>ds--,olde/          
emblems--,/&>d      packs (             
,t>ots--,g]man designs--,fr5*           
designs--,r\ge et      ,noir--,p]sia &  
,sw$5--,writ]s on c>ds--,! ?ree         
gods--,d]ivation ( "n--,m]cury & 8      
pr$ecessors--      ,writ] (             
,e-,sigalia--,=tune-tell+--,! prie/ (   
,?o?--,spee*--,italian                  
,t>ots--,l',ombre--,f leaves to         
c>ds--,attributes ( ,m]cury--,at\ts--de 
,gebel9--,f      arr[s to c>ds--,gambl+ 
/icks ( ,k+ ,qa--,rods--                
,devices--,argiphontes--,cyll5ius or    
,agoneus--,caduceator--                 
,*?onius--,! /udy ( c>ds--,rods--,_m    
au?orities--      ,papus--,temple at    
,bai--,book ( ,?o?--,addha-,n>i--       
,h]aldry--,tradesm5's signs--,lady ,m>y 
,wortley ,montagu--                     
,t]m9us--,ce/us--,pigs &                
tongues--,gazelle--,numb]               
,?irte5--,jok]4      ,,*apt] ,,ii--,,!  
,,book ,,( ,,?o?1 ,,h]mes1 ,,& ,,nebo   

#eh-ga        ,its leaves--,m]cury's    
attributes--,il ,matto--,nebo--,tablets 
( fate--,! ,at\ts--,_! significance--de 
,gebel9--      ,egyptian                
deities--,p>*m5t records--,?o? ! fram] (
      laws--,bible ( !                  
gypsies--,attributes ( ,m]cury--        
,int]pretation--,balaam--,!             
b>u--,tte--,tte      my/]ies--,!        
pack--,l',ombre--,skus--,pagat--,au/rian
      ,t>oks--,! romance ( a pack (     
,t>ots--,au/rian games--      ,au/rian  
game books--,a cl]gyman on c>ds4        
,,*apt] ,,iii--,,m]curius               
#gb-ic        ,! rank ( ,m]cury--,8     
occupations--,8 /atues--                
,cadueceus--,! purse be>]--,! sword--,! 
cup (      ,h]mes--,! f\r               
symbols--,nebo's temple--,e-,sigalia--  
,pozzuoli--,its m]*ants--,!             
,s]apeon--,s]apis--,roman               
villas--,! temple ( ,m]cury at          
,bai--,m]curius--,8      "w--,8         
p>5tage--,8 ,infancy--,gifts f ! gods-- 
,gold5-leav$ rod--,w+s--,!              

planet--,diff]5t                        
cognom5s--,repres5tations--,?o?--,inv5ti
ons--,prie/s--      ,sirius--,h]mes     
introduc$ by ! ,pelasgi--,books (       
,?o?--,inv5tor ( games--,great          
tea*]--,titles (      books--,connection
 ) c>ds--,_! sci5tific      arrangem5t4 
,,*apt] ,,iv--,,?o?                     
#id-ajh        ,m4 ,masp]o's description
 ( temple--,mr4 ,rawl9son's             
acc\nt--,psammet*as--,nebo &            
,?o?--,symbols--,!      mon?--,its      
device--,tablet ( ,khufu or ,*eops--    
,hi]oglyphically describ$--,names (     
gods--,qualities &      titles (        
,?o?--,at judgm5t                       
seat--,sacrifices--,books--             
,colleges--,prie/ess (                  
,?o?--,khufu--,?otmes--,cleopatra's     
ne$les--,g5]ations (                    
prie/s--,gypsies--,h]metic              
books--,! gho/s--,book ( k--,its        
boxes--,magical                         
texts--,amulets--,ritual ( ! dead--,hall
 ( two                                  

tru?s--,osiris--,confession--,?ree      
,writ+s--,k+ (      ,sais--,! dumb      
*ildr5--,"s ( ! books ( ,?o?--,!        
temple--,wall pictures--,orig9 ( ,at\ts4
      ,,*apt] ,v--,,nebo ,,or ,,nabu    
#aji-abc        ,*aldean god--,diff]5t  
names--,p>5t--,wife--,presides at       
bir? & dea?--,sword z symbol--,assyrian 
gods--,k+'s                             
temples--,protector--,hymn to           
,nebo--,borsippa--,e-,zida--,great      
libr>y--,invocations--,titles--,emblems-
-,/ylus--,god (                         
,revelations--,nabi1 ,naypes or         
prophet--,mr4 ,*atto's                  
d]ivation--,e>ly c>ds 9                 
,italy--,planet--,assyrian gods         
id5tical ) ,roman gods--,! ,moon--,!    
mon?--,dog      />--,sacrifices--,c>d   
emblems--,bo>--,temples--,cult--        
,nebu*adnezz>--,all                     
wise--,as%urbanipal--,assyrian          
invasion--,m+l+ ( cults--,highway (     
,egypt--,cunei=m                        
inscriptions--,tablets--,texts--,hymn to

 ,nabu--,orig9 (      lett]s4           
,,*apt] ,,vi--,,! ,,at\ts ,,( ,,!       
,,t>ots                                 
#abd-agd        ,consultation ( !       
div9ities--,wave (f]+s--,pray]s--       
,prie/s & ,prie/ess--,h]metic           
books--,i%t>--,rods--                   
,jack/raws--,rites--,grav5              
images--,div9+ arr[s--                  
,l',ombre--,egyptian gods on !          
c>ds--,numb] ,"o--,!                    
,pagat--,quotation--,baton de           
,jacob--,mean+ ( ,rod--,*oice      ( !  
boy--,lott]y                            
,*>t--,aleph--,mean+--,bohas &          
,jak9--,initiation ( y\?--,tablets (    
fate--,korean      sup]/itions--,fr+es (
 temple--,numb]s or lett]s--      ,numb]
 ,two--,la                              
,papesse--,isis--,emblems--,qualities--,
eve--      ,d]ivation ( "n--de          
,gebel9--,juno--,em]ald ,tablet--,mr4   
,will%ire--,juno's wor%ipp]s--,ritual ( 
dead--,be?--      ,numb] ,?ree--,!      
,empress--,maut--,attributes--          

,significances--,figure--,gimel--,dress-
-,girdle--,titles--      ,numb]         
,f\r--,emp]or--,ammon--,dale?--,p]sian  
c>ds--      ,titles--,invocation--,numb]
 ,five--,le ,papa--,ph?ah--             
,attributes--,h&s--,fatima--,numb]      
,five's ,mean+--,numb]                  
,six--,lov]s--,cupid--,significance--,va
u--,symbolism--,numb]                   
,sev5--,*>iot--,my/ic                   
mean+s--,za9--,arr[s--,m>k$ ,yes      & 
,no--,*9ese                             
/icks--,m]cury--,py?agoras--,! occult   
sev5--,?ree ages ( ! _w--,sev5 evil     
spirits--,hymn      to !m 9             
,assyric--,sev5 9 ! ,bible--,o!r        
ref]5ces      to t numb]--,numb]        
,eight--,ju/ice--,ma or ,tru?--,!       
,judge--,attributes--,tiemei--,he?--,c]e
s--,cups--,numb]      ,n9e--,!          
,h]mit--,aspect--,diog5es--,significance
--,rod--      ,texts--,typical (        
%elt]--,te?--,numb] ,eight--,rota1      
,:eel (                                 
,=tune--,osiris--,anubis--,typhon--,!   

,circle--      ,:eels ( ,ezekiel &      
,py?agoras--,yod--,t]mius--,use (       
,yod--,anubis call$ ! ,"l ( ,bury+      
,gr\nd--,z jackal--      ,numb]         
,elev5--,/r5g?--,my/ic                  
hat--,una--,amazons--,kaph--            
,goddess ,nei?--,emblems--,inscription  
on h] %r9e--      ,brides--,numb]       
,twelve--,il ,p5du--,hang$              
man--,freemason's                       
signals--,pagat--,lam$--,its            
mean+s--,vulcan--,numb]                 
,?irte5--,dea?--,skeleton--,prov]b--,hor
se ( ,aurora--,bad      luck--,its      
reasons--,mem & its mean+s--,numb]      
,f\rte5--      ,temp]ance--,nut or      
,nepte--,titles & description--,nun--   
,oil--,oblations--,numb]                
,fifte5--,devil--,set or ,sute*--       
,p>5ts--,title ( ,hyksos                
k+s--,e>s--,zam--,significances--       
,numb] ,sixte5--,t[]--,light+           
god--,ca/le ( ,plutus--      ,rameses   
,,ii & ! ?ieves--,bael--,enlil--,second 
,dyna/y      ( ,ur--,dr4 ,radau's       

translations--,goddess ,n9-,m>'s hymn-- 
,ay9--,numb] ,sev5te5--,! />s--,dog     
/>--,nebo's                             
m\nta9--,hebe--,oblations--,gazelle--,ty
pification--,numb]      ,eighte5--,la   
,lune--,attributes--,tzaddi--,diana--,nu
mb]      ,n9ete5--,! sun--,zoph--,ra &  
,rameses--,numb] ,tw5ty--      ,day (   
,judgm5t--,re%--,significance--,pluto--,
i%t>--      ,epitaph ( ,"l de           
,ros--,numb] ,tw5ty-"o--,le ,monde--    
,v]ity--,f\r ,apo/olic emblems--,_!     
manifold mean+s--      ,tau--,le ,f\ or 
! ,jok]--,mat--,emblems--,%9--,gypsies--
      ,e>ly ,t>ots--,int5tion (         
,at\ts--,bible ( ,gypsies4      ,,*apt] 
,,vii--,,pips ,,( ,,! ,,t>ot ,,pack     
#age-aie        ,suits--,c\rt           
c>ds--,g]man1 ,spani%1 ,italian & ,fr5* 
c>ds--,emblems ( ,m]cury--,f\r          
ca/es--,lucky devices--                 
,addha--,n>i--,phallus--,cteis--,vau--,j
od-,he-,vau-,he--,div9+                 
arr[s--,gold5 rod--,numb]s #ag--,symbols
 ( !      ,israelites--,indian--,typical

 ( families--,*9ese                     
=tune-tell+--,zei*iku--,meisir games (  
,arabia--,naib      or                  
prophet--,trfle--,coppas--,assyrian     
cup--,cup-be>]s--                       
,saki-be>]--,jam%id--,om>               
,kayyam--,gold5 cup--,texts--      ,hall
 ( ,two                                 
,tru?s--,osiris--,ma--,?o?--,espadas or 
,piques--      ,argiphontes--,mean+ (   
sword 9 ,hebrew--,pit*-pot--,money      
suit--,coll>s--,zones--,mean+ (         
suits--,num]ical value--      ,c\rt     
c>ds--,_! mean+--,sev5ty-eight          
,t>ots--,rods (      ,a>on4      ,,*apt]
 ,,viii--,,"s ,,old ,,italian ,,t>ots   
#aif-bjg        ,my/]ies--,/4           
,paul--,osiris--,bewild]$ hi/orians--   
,portray$ on ! walls--,nebo !           
,writ]--,gypsies--,!      cross$        
palm--,spani% c>ds--,! ,egyptian        
fleet--,essay (      ,c\nt ,emiliano di 
,p>ravic9o--,pr(essional tea*]s (       
e>ly days--,c>ds belong+ to ! ,duke di  
,visconti--,!      ,royal pack--,! arti/

 da ,tortona--,a w$d+ gift--,old        
,t>ots--,! arti/ ,cicogn>a--,hi/oric    
c>ds--,!      prov]b--,fibbias          
,t>occi--,museum at ,b]gamo--,victoria &
      ,alb]t ,museum--,beautiful ,t>ots4
      ,,*apt] ,,ix--,,he>ts ,,&         
,,diamonds4 ,,spades ,,& ,,clubs        
#bjh-bba        ,olde/ ,fr5* pack--,!   
co/umes--,*>les ,,vi--,!      m>riage   
fte--,! fire--,orig9al ,fr5* ,piquet    
pack--      ,inv5tion ( ,fr5*           
pips--,vignoles & ,*evali]--,jacques    
,coeur--,! ,palace at ,b\rges--,money or
 ,c>reaux--,swords      or              
piques--,/icks or ,trfles--,! pun--,r$ &
 black--,!      />tl+ inquiry--,t>ots1  
,play+ ,c>ds or ! ,book (               
,?o?--,ignorance ( writ]s--,fr5* c>ds   
born ?ree      hundr$ ye>s              
ago--,vignolles--,*evali] & ,jacques    
,coeur--,piquet--,agnes ,sorel--,black &
 r$--de ,gebel9's                       
hi/ory--,confusion--,discussion--,prejud
ice4      ,,*apt] ,x--,,c\rt ,,c>ds ,,) 
,,fr5* ,,pips                           

#bbb-bdd                                
,paio--,/ock--,wid[--,bun*--,pips--,c\rt
 c>ds--,_!      hi/oric d]ivation--,!   
numb] ( pip & c\rt c>ds--      ,!       
,jok]--,8 orig9 9 ,am]ica--,cunn+       
,m]cury--      ,fanta/ic                
designs--,cons]vative c\rt dresses--    
,d\ble-head$ & index c>ds--,co/ume ( !  
,k+s--      ,_! attributes &            
headge>--,*>les ( ,france--,old         
,t>ots 9 ,p>is--,fr5* c>ds--,! names on 
! ,fr5*      c>ds--,la ,hire--,! dress (
 ! knaves--,_!      attributes--,pat* ! 
c\rt fool--,nicknames--,! ,b[]s--       
,skat--,le ,valet--,le ,fante--,il      
,soto--,d] ,ob]--,d] ,unt]--      ,!    
,que5s--,elizabe? ( ,york--,h] husb&'s  
picture--,!      hi/ory ( ,elizabe? our 
,que5 ( ,c>ds--,h] bir?1      education1
 betro?al & co/ume--,! jilt+ ,dauph9--  
,l\is ,,xi--,m>riage--,! poem--,!       
cr$ul\s que5--,!      elegy ( ,sir      
,?omas ,m--,elizabe?'s effigy 9         
,we/m9/] ,abbey--,c>d backs--,messages &
 invitations4      ,,*apt] ,,xi--,,po9t 

,,c>ds ,,) ,,fr5* ,,pips                
#bde-beb        ,! ,pique--,its         
names--,dr4 ,/ukley's c>ds--,a ,picke-- 
,clubs1 ! emblem ( ,agnes               
,sorel--,he>ts--,! ,ace--,!      ,e>l ( 
,cork--,le ,borgne--,spani%             
nicknames--,! ,deuce--      ,! curse (  
,scotl&--,duke ( ,cumb]l&--,*9ese c>d   
& c\nt] boxes--,pope                    
,joan--,trey--,nicknames = !      f\r & 
five spots--,grace's c>d--,lady ,doro?y 
,nevill--      ,! orig9 ( visit+        
c>ds--,! backs--,d]ivation ( !      "n (
 ,t>ot--,! rev]se designs--,dolls & _!  
furniture f c>ds--,?ack]ay's            
invitation--,sir ,jeffry      ,amhur/'s 
bid to a ball--,luck at ,piquet4        
,,*apt] ,,xii--,,accord+ ,,to ,,hoyle   
#bec-bgf        ,! orig9al game play$ ) 
c>ds--,l',ombre & its                   
successors--,manilla--,!                
,matadores--,spadille--,n9e (           
,money--,! game describ$ 9              
,cran=d--,punto--      ,prim]o--,philip 
( ,spa9--,piquet 9 ,engl&--,e>l (       

,nor?umb]l&'s lett]s--,sidney           
pap]s--,sir ,walt]      ,raleigh--,!    
t]ms us$ 9 ,prim]o--,its ,italian       
rules--,rabelais--,%akespe>e's & o!r    
plays--,t]ms      us$ 9 ,prim]o--,!     
games t succe$$ x--,mawe--              
,noddy--,gleek--,t]ms & nicknames       
us$--,ruff1 ,:isk or                    
,:i/--,piquet--,its inv5tors1 ,rules1   
,h&s--,ballet--      ,ref]5ces--,piquet 
or ,c5t--,political satire--,hamlet's   
spee*--,! age is gr[n s                 
pick$--,eu*re--,hea!n                   
,*9ee--,am]ican ,hoyle--,hi/ory (       
,eu*re--,dialect--      ,b[] or         
y\ng/]--,eu*re d]iv$ f ,ju*--,! ,g]man  
words--,an unreliable                   
d]ivation--,pok]--,jack-pot--,wid[      
& ,kitty--,pok]1 ,pati5ce--,rules (     
game--,accord+ to      ,hoyle--,8 bir? &
 hi/ory--,! /ory ( ,:i/--,hoyle's       
rules--,cav5di%4      ,,*apt]           
,,xiii--,,engrav$ ,,c>ds                
#bgg-bia        ,pr9t lov]s--,inv5tion (
 ,xylographic arts--,e>lie/      wood   

cuts--,d\ble purposes--,r>e             
pr9ts--,greg9eur--,dr4      ,/uckley's  
pack--,cologne engrav$ c>ds--,spani%    
pips--      ,g]man emblems--,m>t9       
,s*o5gaur--,le ,matre--,8               
designs--,e4 ,s4--,augsburg--,its guild 
( c>dmak]s--,!      c>ds (              
,nuremburg--,jo/ ,ammon--,8             
productions--,italian      & ,ne!rl&    
c>ds4      ,,*apt] ,,xiv--,,play+ ,,c>ds
 ,,= ,,educational ,,& ,,o!r ,,purposes 
#bib-cjg        ,invectives f ,/ate &   
,*ur*--,de/ruction 9                    
,nuremburg--,its ,museum--,! ,devil's   
,picture ,books--      ,bi%op           
,latim]--,! ,text--,g]man in/ructive    
c>ds--,^?      ( ,*9a & ,japan--,!      
,fri5d's c>ds--,dr4 ,muru]'s            
c>ds--,l\is ,,xiv's c>ds--,hi/ory (     
,france--,h]aldic      c>ds--,political 
& o!r packs--,c>ds ) ,m]cury's          
emblems--,h>lequ9 c>ds--,musical        
packs--,japanese c>ds--      ,c>ds z    
,*ri/ian & ,jewi% ,pray]                
,books--,grammatical      c>ds--,plato's

 advice--,a tract--,a/ronomical &       
religi\s      packs--,hi/orical c>ds ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates--,prov]bs4      ,,*apt]  
,,xv--,,european ,,play+ ,,c>ds         
#cjh-cba        ,c>ds--,*>les           
,v--,proclamation 9 ,p>is--,r$ ,book (  
,ulm--      ,palam$es & ! siege (       
,troy--,egyptian gambl+ rods--          
,c>ds z po/als--,evolution--,m4         
,angelo--,pr9ce ( ,pisa--      ,maffei  
,r+hi]ri ,feliceano & ,m5e/uri]--,s+]-- 
,*atto1 #acib--,/4 ,cyprian--,ne>sight$ 
writ]s--,!      po9ts ( view--,conceal$ 
practices--,! game ( gold--      ,*9ese 
leg5d--,connection ) div9ation--,c\nt de
      ,gebel9--,! great                 
dream]--,connection ) magic--      ,fir/
 ,fr5* c>ds--,r\ge et noir--,rapid      
spread ?r\gh      ,europe--,! sailors ) 
,columbus--,introduction ( c>ds         
into ,am]ica--,italian                  
v]ses--,pictures--,lit]ature4           
,,*apt] ,,xvi--,,asiatic ,,play+ ,,c>ds 
#cbb-cdj        ,discov]ies ( ,messrs4  
,cu%+ & ,cul9--,arr[s (                 

,div9ation--,! ,magi be=e ,ph>aoh--,!   
,rod ( ,moses at      ,horeb--,!        
connection betwe5 arr[s & c>ds--,korean 
c>ds--,alaskan rods--,! game--,hida     
,isl& ,indian rods--      ,! next       
/ep--,ht\-,tjy5 or ,fight+ arr[s--,*9ese
      lott]ies & c>ds--,d]ivation (     
pips--,actor's c>ds--      ,jok]s call$ 
,bless+s--,educational c>ds--,japanese  
c>ds--,hi/orical1 gambl+ & div9+        
arr[s--,poetic      c>ds--,ca%m]e       
c>ds--,p]sian c>ds--,_! emblems4        
,,*apt] ,,xvii--,,*ess ,,& ,,o!r ,,games
                              #cda-cfd  
,*ess a battlefield--,! ,emp]or ,akb> & 
8 que5--      ,lady ,duff]9's           
description ( ! ,palace ( ,glass--      
,liv+ ,*ess--,two ,jok]s--,d]ivation (  
,*ess--,troy--                          
,crete--,nig--,egyptian                 
c>icature--,korean ,*ess--,set 9        
,briti% ,museum--,*ess f                
,brahm9s--,ravan1 k+ (                  
,ceylon--,seffa's trick--,p]sian        
words--,jussef's                        

escape--,mora--,draughts--,!            
,ph>aoh--,greek & ,roman                
names--,fr5* games--,*eck]s--,korean    
horses--,dice--      ,g]man dice        
c>ds--,korean                           
dice--,dom9oes--,jack/ones--            
,mat]ials--,ball--,pieces--,kong-,keui--
,*9ese & ,korean      games--,!         
sets--,mugg9s--,milk+ ! c[--,grab--,peas
 9      ! pot--,horses 9 & out ( !      
/able--,sweep+ !      floor--,spread+ ! 
table--,lay+ eggs--,sett+ eggs--        
,hat*+ eggs--,jack/raws--,a set         
describ$--,_! values4      ,,*apt]      
,,xviii--,,=tune-,,tell+ ,,?r\gh ,,!    
,,c>ds                 #cfe-chc         
,me?ods--,etteila--,le                  
,norm&--,=tune-tell+ c>ds--             
,rules--,mean+s ( c>ds ) ,fr5* pips--,a 
=tune      told--,! hairdress] (        
,p>is--,! ,fir/ ,napoleon--,les         
hautes sci5ces--,d$uctions ( !          
=tune-tell]--      ,papus--,def9ition ( 
suits--,key to ! pip c>ds ( !           
,t>ots--,/aves1 ,cups1 ,swords &        

,money--,rules =      read+ ! c>ds4     
,,*apt] ,,xix--,,read+ ,,! ,,book ,,(   
,,?o?                           #chd-cib
        ,rules--,! fir/                 
diagram--,directions = div9ation--,!    
"y man's c>e]--,a second game ) its     
rules--,to      e/abli% fluidic         
sympa?y--,! f\r? deal--,etteila's       
me?od4          ,,illu/rations          
,,at\ts ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,pack
 ,,( ,,t>ots1 #a ,,to #f                
,frontispiece                           
,fac+ ,page      ,,at\ts ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly
 ,,italian ,,pack ,,( ,,t>ots1 #g ,,to  
#ab                    #cj      ,,at\ts 
,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,pack ,,(    
,,t>ots1 #ac ,,to #ah                   
#ed      ,,at\ts ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly        
,,italian ,,pack ,,( ,,t>ots1 #ai ,,to  
#bb1    ,,) ,,two ,,c\rt ,,c>ds         
#gd      ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots1      
,,c\rt ,,c>ds                           
#ih      ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots1 ,,pip
 ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! ,,cup ,,suit            
#aaf      ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots1     

,,pip ,,& ,,c\rt ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! ,,cup   
,,suit            #adj      ,,e>ly      
,,italian ,,t>ots1 ,,pip ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! 
,,rod ,,suit                      #aff  
,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots1 ,,pip ,,&     
,,c\rt ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! ,,rod ,,suit      
#aij      ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots1     
,,pip ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! ,,sword ,,suit     
#baf      ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots1     
,,pip ,,& ,,c\rt ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! ,,sword 
,,suit          #bch      ,,e>ly        
,,italian ,,t>ots1 ,,pip ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! 
,,money ,,suit                    #bfd  
,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots1 ,,pip ,,&     
,,c\rt ,,c>ds ,,( ,,! ,,money ,,suit    
#bhh      ,,sw$i%1 ,,korean ,,&         
,,japanese ,,gambl+ ,,& ,,educational   
,,c>ds          #cab      ,,engli%1     
,,g]man ,,& ,,*9ese ,,gambl+ ,,c>ds     
#cbf      ,,spani%1 ,,engli%1 ,,dut* ,,&
 ,,am]ican ,,gambl+1 ,,hi/orical ,,&    
,,educational ,,c>ds                    
#ced          ,,=eword      ,if an      
apology is ne$$ = writ+ aga9 on !       
subject ( play+ c>ds1  ! excuse may be  

(f]$ t new lights h be5 turn$ on !      
subject1  s t !re is fre% in=mation to  
lay be=e ! public1 d]iv$ f  a close &   
exhau/ive /udy ( ! ,european libr>ies & 
museums1 z  well z ( ! pictures on !    
,play+ ,c>ds !mselves or pr9ts f\nd 9   
^? repositories1 & also 9 ! collection  
own$ by ! writ]2 =  ^! speak _! hi/ories
 to ^? :o reg>d _! symbols )            
appreciative k1 s9ce !y _h an imm5se    
significance :5  orig9ally adopt$4    ,x
 is tw5ty ye>s s9ce ,! ,devil's ,picture
 ,book 0 publi%$ & x is  n[ out ( pr9t4 
,! writ] has be5 frequ5tly call$ ^u to  
furni%  pap]s on ! subject1 s t x has   
be5 kept fre% 9 m9d4 ,at ! "t  t ! fir/ 
book 0 issu$ x 0 ! only "o t _h be5     
pr9t$  9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates devot$ entirely
 to ! hi/ory ( c>ds n  necess>ily       
connect$ ) games4 ,s9ce !n little has   
be5 publi%$ on  ! subject1 & ! in=mation
 giv5 9 ! pres5t volume has be5  l>gely 
d]iv$ f ! writ]'s own obs]vations &     
/udies4    ,a collection ( ,play+ ,c>ds1
 begun at t "t ) a solit>y pack  br\ght 

z a curiosity by a travel] f ,algi]s1 t 
bore ! anci5t  pips ( ,swords1 ,/aves1  
,money & ,cups1 has n[ gr[n to hundr$s (
  specim5s cull$ f _m diff]5t c\ntries4 
,comp>+ ^! ) ea*  o!r1 & /udy+ all      
obta9able hi/ories on ! subject1 leads  
to !  conclusion t ! writ]s ( !         
sev5te5?1 eighte5? & n9ete5?  c5turies 7
 correct :5 !y /at$ t no hi/orical      
record exi/$  be=e ! middle ( ! f\rte5? 
c5tury ( games play$ ) c>ds4  ,b ea* &  
all ( ! writ]s on ,play+ ,c>ds agree t  
!re 7  c>ds & t !y seem to h be5 us$ =  
=tune-tell+ be=e  #acej1 & also t !re 0 
a baffl+ resemblance betwe5 !           
traditions ( ! c>ds & :at 0 record$ ( ! 
,egyptian my/]ies  connect$ ) ! wor%ip (
 ,?o? ,h]mes4    ,x !re=e foll[$ t !    
hi/ory & traditions peculi> to !        
c]emonies connect$ ) t p]sonage %\ld be 
/udi$ 9 ord] to  trace ,play+ ,c>ds to  
_! bir?place & f9d = !m an orig91  )\t  
weakly /opp+ at ! f\rte5? c5tury1 &     
decl>+ t  c>ds came out ( space1 z _m   
au?ors h done4    ,! h]aldic devices (  

,m]cury1 :i* are ! emblems ( :at has    
always  be5 call$1 by hi/orians1 ,!     
,book ( ,?o? ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 are  9
 !mselves mute pro( ( ! connection ( !  
,t>ots 7z !y are n[  call$7 ) ! cult (  
,m]cury4 ,^! c>ds are ! olde/ ones kn[n1
  & ! symbols are reta9$ 9 ,italian     
,t>ots ( to-day1 s x may be  all[$ t :5 
,play+ ,c>ds are /udi$ z ! leaves ( !   
book ( a  cult1 n z a game1 _! own      
pictures relate ! /ory t has la9        
dormant = _m hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,!y only   
requir$ to h a key 9  ord] to be        
intelligible to any "o int]e/$ 9 !      
subject1 & ?is  has be5 furni%$ by      
recogniz+ ! f\r attributes ( ,m]cury 9 !
  c>d pips1 :i* _h escap$ ! notice (    
/ud5ts until ! pres5t  "t1 z well z !   
attributes ( ! picture "p ( ! pack call$
 !  ,at\ts1 :i* are ^? ( ,egyptian gods4
    ,! popul> notion t c>ds 7 inv5t$ = !
 amusem5t ( a crazy  ,fr5* k+ is q      
disprov$ by ! hi/orical records ( !     
,t>ots (  ! f\rte5? c5tury & ! packs t  
survive4 ,!re are "s  beautiful specim5s

 9 ,mr4 ,pi]pont ,morgan's collection1 !
 emblems &  devices ( :i* are id5tical )
 records ( ! anci5t ,t>ots1 &  ^! c>ds  
are v mu* old] ?an ! ,fr5* packs4       
,al?\gh ! gap betwe5 ! old c>ds & !     
wor%ip ( ,m]cury 9  ,etruria is /ill to 
be bridg$ ?r\gh accurate hi/orical data1
 !  inf]5tial connection is too /rong to
 be ignor$ & ! rules ( !  games play$ ) 
! c>ds int5d$ = prophesy+ or            
=tune-tell+1  z well z ! tradition      
connect$ ) ! ,t>ots !mselves (f]        
connect+ l9ks ) ! cult ( ,m]cury t _c   
af=d to be  disreg>d$1 z has be5 done   
hi!rto4    ,mr4 ,/u>t ,cul91 9 8        
introduction to ,korean ,games1 says3   
,inve/igation has be5 hi!rto            
comp>atively unproductive ( results  f !
 fact t mo/ /ud5ts h fail$ to p]ceive ! 
true  significance ( games 9 primitive  
culture1 reg>d+ !m prim>ily z  pa/imes4 
,b he traces _m ( ! games :i* are common
 to all  *ildr5 all ov] ! _w to a sacr$ 
& div9atory orig91 a !ory  t f9ds       
confirmation 9 _! traditional           

associations1 su* z ! use  ( c>ds 9     
=tune-tell+4    ,t ,play+ ,c>ds are     
d]iv$ f ! my/]ies ( anci5t days w  prove
 to be su* a novel idea to _m p]sons t !
 well-worn  expression3 ,x c't be true1 
,i nev] he>d x be=e1 w be hurl$ at  !   
au?or4 ,b su* critics are begg$ to      
pause1 to consid] ! subject  c>efully1 &
 to m>%al conv9c+ pro(s to ! contr>y    
be=e dipp+  cau/ic-tipp$ p5s into !     
inkwells ( ignorance1 d\bt & disbelief4 
,c\rt de ,gebel91 ov] a hundr$ ye>s ago1
 0 sc(f$ at & call$ a  dream] by !      
writ]s :o foll[$ him & wrote on !       
subject (  ,play+ ,c>ds2 yet ^! same    
g5tlem5 ) /range accord1 :ile fail+  to 
advance any pro(s ( de ,gebel9's        
inconsi/5cies or ignorant  d$uctions1   
contradict$ !mselves by agree+ ) 8 bold 
/atem5t  t ! ,t>ots 7 ! survival ( !    
cult ( ,m]cury or ,?o? ,h]mes4    ,!    
n9ete5-hundr$-ye>-old crusade aga9/     
c>ds1 z wick$ tools (  wick$ p]sons1    
dates f ! /ruggle ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians    
aga9/  idolatry1 & ?is has be5          

transmitt$ = g5]ations1 al?\gh !re  are 
few p]sons :o c trace _! prejudices to !
 true orig94 ,nor d  !y realize h[ (t5  
,div9e comm&s to consult ! occult 7 laid
  ^u ! ,israelites )\t c>efully p]us+ ! 
books ( ,moses4    ,x may be z well to  
sum up 9 a few words ! v>i\s pro(s t !  
,play+ ,c>ds we n[ use are desc5d$ f !  
anci5t my/]ies4 ,fir/1  ,arr[s1 & _!    
successors1 ,/raws1 ,sceptres or ,rods4 
,cups1 ,swords &  ,money h always be5   
us$ 9 connection ) prophesy+4 ,second1 !
  emblems ( ,swords1 ,sceptres 7or      
,/ylus71 ,cups & ,money h always        
repres5t$ ,m]cury1 ,?o? & ,nebo z _!    
emblems or attributes4 ,?ird1  ! wor%ip 
( ,?o? 0 introduc$ into ,italy by !     
prie/s ( t  cult1 z is prov$ hi/orically
 by ! rema9s ( _! ,temple at  ,puozzoli1
 z well z ! ,temple !re to ,m]cury1 ne> 
:i* place !  ,t>ots are /ill f\nd 9     
common use 9 _! orig9al =m1 display+    
pictures ( ! ,egyptian deities4 ,f\r?1 !
 ,egyptians or ,gypsies are  !          
=tune-tell]s ( ,europe & always use c>ds

 = ! purpose4 ,fif?1  ! "n giv5         
orig9ally to ! ,t>ots or prophetical    
c>ds t be> !  anci5t emblems 0 ,nabi1   
,naypes or ,prophets1 :i* "n is reta9$ =
  play+ c>ds 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w4    ,?anks
 are due to ! cu/odians ( v>i\s museums 
:o h display$  _! collection ( c>ds1 & 9
 p>ticul> to ! arti/1 ,mr4 ,burton      
,donnel ,hughes1 :o k9dly & skillfully  
design$ ! beautifully symbolic  cov] =  
?is book4    ,m4 ,k4 ,,van ,,r5ssela]4  
,new ,york1 #aiab4          ,,*apt] ,i  
,,prophetical ,,& ,,o!r ,,c>ds          
,play+ c>ds may be classifi$ "u ?ree    
di/9ct heads4 ,fir/1 are  ^? int5d$ =   
div9+ purposes2 ^! h desc5d$ f an anci5t
  religi\s cult t w\ld be entirely      
=gott5 7 x n = !  traditional c]emonies 
connect$ ) consult+ ?is oracle1 or ,!   
,tablets ( ,fate1 t are kn[n z ,t>ots1 &
 :i* are /ill us$ =  =tune-tell+ 9 s\!rn
 ,europe1 ,asia & ,africa4    ,! second 
division embraces c>ds us$ = gambl+ z   
well z =  educational purposes1 :i* h a 
%ort & easily /udi$ hi/ory  cov]+ ! "t (

 _! inv5tion & ! amusem5ts = :i* !y  7  
int5d$4 ,^! date no fur!r back ?an ! end
 ( ! f\rte5?  c5tury 9 nor!rn ,europe4  
,! ?ird division includes ! c>ds us$ =  
amusem5t or gambl+1  commonly kn[n z    
play+ c>ds1 :i* are f\nd 9 common use   
all ov]  ! _w1 al?\gh ! designs on !m   
v>y ) ! location1 & ^?  famili> 9       
,france1 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates are   
unkn[n 9 ,spa91  ,italy1 ,g]many1 ,sw$51
 ,p]sia1 ,*9a or ,japan1 s9ce ea* ( ^!  
c\ntries has play+ c>ds peculi> to !    
nation & q unkn[n to  ! o!rs4    ,!     
,fr5* & ,g]man packs 7 inv5t$ solely =  
amusem5t or gambl+  purposes1 :ile !    
,t>ots1 ) _! typical & h]aldic designs1 
transmitt$ f e>ly days1 are n[ only to  
be f\nd entire 9 ,italy1  o!r c\ntries  
hav+ adopt$ "o portion or ! o!r ( !     
orig9al  set z m conv5i5t = games4 ,?is 
sep>ation r5d]s ! decks  useless = div9+
 purposes2 :]eas1 :5 intact !y are      
di/9ctly  prophetical or =tune-tell+    
c>ds1 t are d]iv$ f anci5t  my/]ies1 n  
only be>+ ! emblems ( ! ?ree prophetical

 gods1 b  also ^? ( ! *ief div9ities (  
anci5t days4    ,9 "s c\ntries1 su* z   
,p]sia1 only ! emblematic or picture "p 
(  ! pack1 call$ by ! ,italians ,at\ts1 
is us$2 b ! great] "p (  ! _w ignores ^!
 entirely & is ignorant t su* c>ds exi/1
  recognis+ only ! pip or suit "p ( !   
pack1 b 9 almo/ e  qu>t] ( ! globe f\r  
suits compos+ a pack are kn[n1 al?\gh ! 
symbols on !m v>y widely4    ,! olde/   
emblems are ^? ( ! ,t>ots t are /ill ^? 
mo/  commonly kn[n4 ,^! are ,swords1    
,rods1 ,money & ,cups1 :i* are ! pips   
famili> 9 ,italy z well z ,spa91        
,algi]s1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,cuba1 ,mexico1  
,porto ,rico1 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s &     
:]ev] ! ,spani% language is  us$1 = !   
,spani>ds1 :5 conqu]+ ! _w1 c>ri$ _!    
favorite  toys ) !m1 introduc+ !m to !  
natives :o accept$ ! novelty  ) avidity 
& us$ !m = games1 j z ! ,spani>ds _h    
adopt$  !m f ! ,italians4    ,! /&>d    
pack has t5 pip & f\r c\rt c>ds1 or     
fifty-six 9 all1  :i* are head$ by a    
,k+1 a ,que51 a ,cavali] & a ,knave1 &  

^!  c>ds all h names giv5 to !m accord+ 
to ! c\ntry :]e !y are  us$4 ,c>ds = all
 p>ts ( ! _w are made 9 ,p>is & local   
pref]5ces are closely foll[$1 al?\gh mo/
 c\ntries manufacture  _! own c>ds1 & a 
consid]able rev5ue is ga9$ by tax+ !    
product z well z ! import ( c>ds4 ,b    
:ile ! anci5t emblems are  n[ commonly  
us$ 9 ! c\ntries m5tion$1 ! important "p
 ( !  anci5t pack has be5 disc>d$4 ,?is 
compris$ tw5ty-"o picture c>ds1  :i* 7 a
 mo/ necess>y adjunct to ! pip c>ds1 =  
:5 !  =tunes ( ! play]s 7 to be reveal$ 
by read+ ! prophecies (  ! gods x 0     
imp]ative t ! two sets %\ld be us$ 9    
connection  ) ea* o!r1 b ! complete pack
 t is /ill kn[n z ,t>ots c  only be f\nd
 9 ,italy4    ,! ,g]man c>ds 7 nev]     
int5d$ = =tune-tell+1 b entirely =      
gambl+1 & !y h devices peculi>ly _! own4
 ,hi!rto no "o has  expla9$ :y or = :at 
purpose ^! symbols 7 inv5t$1 s9ce !y  _h
 no p>ticul> significance :5 us$ 9      
connection ) ! c>ds4  ,!y are ,acorns1  
,bells1 ,he>ts & ,leaves1 & are p>tly   

h]aldic emblems  connect$ ) ! game (    
,lansqu5et4 ,!re are b ?ree male c\rt   
c>ds call$ ,k+1 ,ov] ,knave & ,"u       
,knave4    ,illu/ration3 ,,at\ts ,,(    
,,an ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,pack ,,( ,,t>ots
        #g ,il ,c>ro        #h ,la      
,giu/izia        #i ,l',eremita         
#aj ,ruota della ,=tuna        #aa ,la  
,=za        #ab ,l',appeso    ,france   
uses ! gambl+ pack inv5t$ = ,*>les ,,vi 
ab\t ! ye> #acie4  ,?is conta9s ?ree    
c\rt c>ds--namely1 ,k+1 ,que5 & ,knave1 
& !  c>ds display ,c>reaux1 ,piques1    
,coeurs & ,trifles1 or z we "k !m       
,diamonds1 ,spades1 ,he>ts & ,clubs4    
,?is ,fr5* pack is ! only "o  conf9+    
itself to two simple dom9ant col\rs1    
:ile all o!r c>ds are  extravagantly    
blazon$ 9 v>iegat$ t9ts t are by no     
means z  h>moni\s z ! di/9ctive ,fr5*   
,r\ge et ,noir1 :i* comm5ds  itself s   
well to play]s = gambl+ purposes1 t !   
packs ( ?is  nation are be+ n[ rapidly  
introduc$ & adopt$ all ov] ! _w to  !   
exclusion ( native designs1 ev5 al?\gh  

^! symbols h be5  inh]it$ f !           
prophetical c>ds ( prehi/oric times4    
,?is is due to  ! fact t ! c>ds us$ =   
=tune-tell+ are n z conv5i5t z  ^? t 7  
inv5t$ p>ticul>ly = gambl+4    ,9       
,p]sia1 :]e only ! ,at\t or figure "p ( 
! pack is us$1 :ile  ! pip "p is omitt$1
 ! figures are pa9t$ 9 h>moni\s col\rs &
  x is left = ! t9ts ( ! backgr\nd to   
indicate ! suits4 ,9 !  ,kile ,kort or  
,cucu pack ( ,sw$5 7:i* also has        
figures7 !re are no  col\rs :atev]1 b ! 
designs are pr9t$ 9 black ink on :ite   
c>dbo>d4 ,?is is also ! case ) old c>ds 
f ! ,ne!rl&s1 b  none ( ^! packs 7 ev]  
int5d$ = =tune-tell+4    ,!re h be5 _m  
p]sons :o h int]e/$ !mselves 9 ! hi/ory 
( play+ c>ds1 & "s ( !m h pi]c$ ! veil  
surr\nd+ _!  cradle2 b1 g5]ally1 s9ce ^!
 /ud5ts h only be5 int]e/$ 9  ! c>ds z  
toys or gambl+ in/rum5ts or z r>e       
specim5s (  pa9t+1 engrav+ or /5cill+1 !
 /udies h n ext5d$ beyond  ! "t :5 play+
 c>ds became common 9 ,europe1 or ab\t !
  beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,none ( ^! 

/ud5ts foll[$ !  clues t w\ld h prov$ ! 
orig9al purport ( ! tablets (  fate4    
,9 ,les ,etudes ,hi/orique sur les      
,c>tes  ,j\]1 by ,m4 ,c4 ,leb] 7#ahdb71 
! "q is ask$3 ,:]e d c>ds come f1 :at   
are !y & :at  d !y say8 ,^! qu]ies !    
writ] proce$s to answ] only 9 "p1  = he 
fails to see ! connection ( ! c>ds      
famili> to him1 t h  ,fr5* or ,g]man    
pips1 ) ! m anci5t ,t>ots1 :i*1 9 all   
probability1 he _h nev] se54 ,b ,leb]   
/ates positively t c>ds  are ( anci5t   
orig9 & ,ea/]n inv5tion1 & prim>ily !y  
con/itute a symbolic & moral game4 ,he  
pr(esses to be guid$ by !  emblems on ! 
c>ds !mselves1 b he fails to deciph] or 
to und]/&  ! evid5ces %[n by ! h]aldic  
devices peculi> to "o ( ! anci5t  ,greek
 gods1 :i* w\ld h answ]$ 8 que/ions4    
,accord+ to ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,taylor & o!r
 au?orities1 ! emblematic  & my/ic c>ds 
call$ ,t>ots 7 born long s9ce 9 ! ,ea/1 
f  :5ce !y 7 br\ght by ! gypsies =      
?aumaturgic purposes4  ,al?\gh x is     
decl>$ t ! gypsies always c>ri$ &       

consult$  packs ( c>ds ev] s9ce ! w&]]s 
7 kn[n 9 ,europe1 ^! p  !mselves h no   
hi/ory ( _! my/ic book t !y w disclose1 
s ! positive hi/orical record ( play+   
c>ds z us$ = gambl+  games or           
=tune-tell+ does n comm5ce be=e ! second
 half ( !  f\rte5? c5tury4    ,^! c>ds  
are ! ones we call ,t>ots1 :i* are /ill 
common 9 ,italy1  & ! emblems on ! c>ds 
!mselves reveal _! orig9al connection  )
 ! wor%ip ( ,m]cury 9 ,etruria1 ( ,?o? 9
 ,egypt1 & ( ,nebo 9  ,babylonia4 ,^!   
?ree gods h ! same attributes1 & 7      
wor%ipp$  = _m g5]ations 9 ! !n civilis$
 portions ( ! _w2 yet !  =ms ( _!       
wor%ip1 t h be5 s /rangely transmitt$ to
 u  ?r\gh ! greate/ ( _! books1 ! c>ds  
are n[ little und]/ood  & seldom        
consult$4    ,inde$1 ! v "n ,t>ot has   
be5 deem$ by "s au?ors z positive  pro( 
t ! c>ds are ! unb\nd leaves ( "o ( !   
great books (  ! ,temple ( ,?o? ,h]mes  
,trismegi/us1 s9ce !y d]ive ! ^w ,t>ot  
f ,?o? or else f ,?ror ,tah>1 :i*1 says 
,wilk9son 7,volume ,,ii1  page #ij71 7 !

 p>*m5t records kept 9 ! ,temple1 :i*   
are  m5tion$ 9 ! "t ( ! eighte5? dyna/y 
t 7 writt5 on  sk9s4 ,! same au?or /ates
 7page #bjg7 t ,?o? fram$ ! laws4 ,9    
fact1 8 temple 0 ! seat ( all le>n+1 :]e
 doctors1 lawy]s &  sci5ti/s 7 able to  
/udy & to devote _! k to ! god  !y      
wor%ipp$4    ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ! "n is 
9 tru? "o ( ! l9ks 9 !  *a9 ( evid5ce   
prov+ t :at we use z play?+s 7 once "p  
( ! great cult ( ,m]cury & 8 ,african or
 ,asian confrres1 9  ^: "t ! pictures & 
! emblems 7 ?or\ghly und]/ood &  7      
reg>d$ ) awe or rev]5tly consult$1 s9ce 
by _! means alone  c\ld ! wi%es ( ! gods
 be made kn[n to mortals1 ?r\gh ! m$ium 
( ! prie/s ( ,m]cury1 ,?o?1 or ,nebo4   
,! intimate connection ( ! triple god is
 no fanciful sugge/ion1 b  is ackn[l$g$ 
by all /ud5ts4 ,nebo1 ( ! ,babylonians  
7m5tion$ 9  ! ,bible71 ,?o?1 ( !        
,egyptians1 & ,h]mes1 ( ! ,greeks1 7 all
  wor%ipp$ z gods ( spee* & inv5tors (  
transmitt$ ideas4 ,x is n  cr$ible t 9  
,asia or ,africa1 ev5 z e>ly z ! twelf? 

dyna/y1  t voice language or spee* 0 a  
gift newly grant$ to mank9d1 s  !re mu/ 
h be5 "s reason = ! belief t ^! gods    
gave  spee* to mank9d4 ,?is is "o ( !   
sup]/itions puzzl+ _m mod]n  /ud5ts :o h
 tri$ to inve/igate ! my/]ies ( !       
,temple (  ,?o?4    ,x is n[ believ$ t  
"o ( ! prie/s :o 0 connect$ ) ! cult    
conceiv$ ! bright idea ( communicat+ !  
wi%es ( ! planets1 (  ! vegetable & !   
animal k+doms1 z well z ^? ( ! patron   
gods1 to mank9d ?r\gh a well-arrang$    
sy/em t _h ! ,temple (  ,?o? = a c5tre &
 its prie/s z int]pret]s4 ,! p[] t ?is  
sy/em w\ld give to ! le>n$ m5 congregat$
 9 ! va/ ,temple (  le>n+ w\ld be great1
 & w\ld increase _! pre/ige to a        
wond]ful  ext5t4 ,be=e t "t ! primitive 
p 7 cont5t ) simple  means ( consult+ ! 
wi%es ( ! gods1 or ) ! decrees writt5 at
  ! bir? ( ea* *ild on ! tablet ( fate  
by ! writ] ( ,esigalia1  :o 0 call$     
,neb4 ,! means g5]ally resort$ to 7 ^?  
/ill  common 9 ,korea1 ,japan & ,*9a1   
:]e ! oracle is consult$ by  ?r[+ a     

h&ful ( /icks be=e a %r9e4 ,among !     
,arabs a %eaf (  arr[s is us$4 ,gordon  
,cumm+s describes 8 negro s]vants us+   
/icks  :i* 7 m>k$ & !n ?r[n on ! gr\nd1 
:5 ! natives desir$  to be told by _!   
gods :]e ! game lay & :at direction to  
take  :5 hunt+4    ,! sci5tific         
arrangem5t devis$ by ! prie/ ( ,?o? t   
e>n$ =  8 god ! reputation ( giv+ spee* 
to mank9d 0 done ?r\gh  plac+ on ! walls
 ( ! temple a s]ies ( pictures          
repres5tative (  ! *ief gods1 su* z     
,?o?1 ,isis1 ,maut1 ,ph?ah & ,ammon1 z  
well z  v>i\s virtues1 vices1 etc41 ei!r
 pictorially or ?r\gh h]aldic &         
emblematic devices4 ,^! mural pictures  
c\ld be consult$ by ! prie/s  by ca/+ on
 a c5tral alt> a h&ful ( arr[s1 /raws or
 rods1 t  7 always connect$ ) ! magic ( 
! ,egyptians1 z is m5tion$ 9  ,exodus4  
,z ^! rods fell !y naturally po9t$ t[>d 
! pictures on  ! walls1 & s9ce ^!       
repres5t$ ne>ly e ev5t 9 human life  !  
spee* or comm&s ( ! gods 7 readily      
int]pret$ by !  prie/s1 :o ?us prov$ t  

,?o? 0 ! ,god ( spee* )  !mselves = 8   
m\?pieces4 ,?is sup]/ition 0 c>ri$ out  
ev5 to  ! sacrifice ( tongues1 :i* 0    
cu/om>y z late z ! days ( !  ,roman     
emp]ors1 :5 tongues 7 us$ z "o ( !      
sacrifices to  ,m]cury4    ,x c easily  
be se5 t ! primitive arr[s 7 incomplete 
)\t  ! int]pretation ( ! pictures on !  
walls us$ 9 _! connection1  j z ! pip "p
 ( ! ,t>ot pack is useless = =tune-tell+
  )\t ! ,at\ts1 :i* are suppos$ to be   
crude ,europeaniz$ copies (  ! pictures 
on ! walls ( ! ,egyptian temples        
repres5t+ _!  deities4 ,x w also be se5 
t ! c>ds be>+ ! comp>atively  mod]n pips
 ( ,he>ts1 ,diamonds1 ,clubs & ,spades1 
or ( ,acorns1 ,bells1  ,he>ts & ,leaves 
h no p[] :atev] ( translat+ ! wi%es ( ! 
gods1 s9ce !y 7 inv5t$ = ano!r & widely 
diff]5t purpose4    ,"s old &           
beautifully pa9t$ ,t>ots h be5 f\nd 9   
,italy1 s x is  assum$ t _! use 0 common
 among ! upp] classes 9 t c\ntry1  :o   
c\ld af=d to buy ! beautiful unb\nd     
leaves ( ! great book (  ,?o?1 long be=e

 !re is any hi/orical record ( c>ds ei!r
 =  gambl+ or = =tune-tell+1 & t ^! c>ds
 7 probably us$  = ! latt] purpose :5ev]
 any w&]+ prie/ ( ! cult c\ld be  induc$
 to int]pret _! mean+4    ,we f9d t ^!  
m$ival ,italian ,t>ots are usually pa9t$
 on  c>dbo>d by a skillful h&1 & t :5 !y
 7 us$ = amusem5t  ! game 0 call$       
l',ombre 7or ,! ,man74 ,! rules = play+ 
x %[  pla9ly t x 0 n orig9ally int5d$ = 
amusem5t1 b = a  s]i\s consultation ( ! 
wi%es ( ! div9e p[]s4 ,9 %ort1 !  game 0
 id5tical ) =tune-tell+1 s9ce ! mo/     
important rule  det]m9es t only two     
p]sons took "p1 ! "o to inquire !       
future1  & ! o!r to int]pret ! mean+ ( !
 c>ds t 7 dealt4 ,bo?  ! rules = lay+   
out ! pack & ! value or significance ( !
  c>ds po9t to ! occult mean+ ( ! game1 
:i* is /ill play$ )  some:at ! same     
laws1 al?\gh alt]ations & modifications 
h crept  9 t obscure ! orig9al int5tion1
 ( consult+ an oracle :i* is  probably n
 ev5 conjectur$ by mod]n play]s (       
,t>occi1 z ! game  is n[ call$4    ,!   

arrangem5t ( ! unb\nd leaves ( ! book ( 
,?o? ,h]mes  ,trismegi/us1 t is reg>d$  
to-day z a m]e pack ( play+ c>ds1       
enabl$ ! prie/s 7or initiates1 z we may 
call !m7 ( anci5t days to  c>ry a pack  
on _! p]sons1 s t ! wi%es ( ! gods might
 be  consult$ at any place4 ,?is r5d]$ x
 ne$less to ent] ! ,temple (  ,m]cury = 
! purpose1 :i* _h be5 ! cu/om be=e !    
,*ri/ian  era4 ,aft] ?is "t secrecy 0   
probably necess>y1 s9ce ! prie/s (  !   
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* naturally         
disc\rag$ any consultation ) !  gods (  
anci5t my?ology1 al?\gh ! p might cl+   
privately to  ! cult t !y _h enjoy$ & _h
 believ$ 9 s9ce prehi/oric ages4  ,?r\gh
 appeal+ to ! prophets 7or =tune-tell]s1
 z ! prie/s (  ,m]cury w\ld be deem$ at 
pres5t7 ! sup]/iti\s p believ$ t  !y 7  
actually receiv+ div9e guidance1 & ?is  
belief is secretly  held by _m1 ev5 9 ! 
tw5tie? c5tury2 al?\gh few ( ^? :o      
consult div9]s ?r\gh play+ c>ds realise 
t !y are wor%ipp]s  at ! %r9e ( ,nebo1 (
 ! ,babylonians2 ! great god ,?o?1 ( !  

,egyptians1 or _! successor1 ,m]cury1 ( 
! ,romans4    ,_m l9ks 9 ! *a9 connect+ 
play+ c>ds ) ! anci5t  my/]ies c be     
sep>ately tak5 up & /udi$4 ,9 ! fir/    
place1 !  hi/ories ( ,m]cury %[ him z   
be+ wor%ipp$ "u sev]al di/9ct           
attributes1 comb9$ ) t ( be+ !          
,int]pret] or ,mess5g] (  ! gods1 & !   
/ud5ts :o 7 ( 8 cult le>n$ tw5ty or m ( 
! arts & sci5ces :i* ,?o? or ,m]cury 0  
suppos$ to h  inv5t$1 su* z spee*1      
music1 pa9t+1 agriculture & a/ronomy1   
all  ( :i* 7 "u 8 protection4 ,virtue1  
vice1 dea?1 temp]ance1  heal?1 joy &    
sorr[ ea* _h an emblematic figure       
peculi> to &  connect$ ) x1 su* z a     
hang$ man or a skeleton4 ,ea* ( ^!      
figures1 if display$ on ! walls ( a     
temple c\ld be recognis$ ev5 by  an     
unlett]$ congregation1 s ! p w\ld h be5 
accu/om$ to  ^! repres5tations1 ev5 aft]
 !y 7 remov$ f ! walls to !  flat       
surface ( ! c>ds & no long] display$ 9  
_! exalt$  positions4    ,! emblematic  
figures f\nd on ! ,t>ots & call$ !      

,at\ts are /ill  kn[n by ! names giv5 to
 !m :5 ! ,egyptians introduc$ !m to     
,europe1 & are z famili> 9 ,italy to-day
 z :5 wor%ipp$ "u !  protection (       
,m]cury4 ,aft] a little /udy !          
attributes display$ on  ! mod]n ,t>ots  
%[ mo/ pla9ly _! ,egyptian orig91 &     
mutely  decl>e _! p$igree--! image1     
value & position ( ea* c>d1  un*ang$ =  
ages1 all sil5tly po9t+ to ?is4 ,yet1   
:ile /rangely  con=m+ to all !          
attributes1 decorations & po/ure ( !    
gods z  repres5t$ 9 ! ,egyptian temples1
 ! designs h be5 s mod]nis$  z to be at 
fir/ difficult to recognise4    ,x is   
suppos$ by sev]al au?ors1 notably by    
,c\rt de ,gebel91 z e>ly  z #aggc1 :5 he
 publi%$ ,! ,primitive ,_w1 t orig9ally 
!  tw5ty-two figures ( ! ,at\t or emblem
 "p ( ! ,t>ots 7 pa9t$  on ! walls ( !  
temples1 a fa%ion inh]it$ f ,biblical   
times1 to  enable ! wor%ipp]s to        
recognise gods1 sci5ces1 arts or        
conditions  repres5t$ by ! figures & _! 
attributes :5 x 0 wi%$ to  consult !m4  

,discov]ies 9 ,babylonia & ,egypt s9ce  
,de ,gebel9's "t  h confirm$ 8          
suppositions4    ,^! figures 9 !mselves 
7 insuffici5t = communicat+ ) !  gods1 =
 !y 7 spee*less1 s = ! purpose (        
transact+ bus9ess  ) !m ! second volume 
( ! book ( ,?o? 0 adopt$ by tak+  f !   
peasants _! anci5t fa%ion ( consult+ !  
gods ?r\gh !  ?r[ ( arr[s or rods4 ,^! 7
 m>k$ ) figures repres5t+ a  fa!r1 a "m1
 a *ild & a s]vant1 & f\r tok5s or      
h]aldic  devices 7 also scrat*$ on !    
rods1 divid+ !m into ! suits  t h be5 s 
univ]sally reta9$4 ,^! symbols 7 always 
connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! gods1 & ivory   
rods be>+ ^!  devices h be5 f\nd 9 !    
tomb ( ,k+ ,qa1 :o is suppos$ to h  liv$
 ab\t #djjj ,b4 ,c4    ,?us1 ! anci5t   
div9+ arr[s became ! pip c>ds n[ 9 g5]al
 use1  :ile ! pictures on ! walls1 or ! 
,at\t "p ( ! pack1 is unkn[n  except 9  
,italy1 :]e ! complete book ( two       
volumes ) tw5ty-two  ,at\ts & fifty-six 
pip leaves is /ill f\nd4    ,orig9ally  
:at we call ! suits or pip c>ds 7       

probably simply rods  inh]it$ f ,moses &
 ,a>on1 or p]haps only a quiv] full (   
arr[s1  or a bundle ( /raws1 :i* we "k 7
 us$ at ! ,delphic oracle2 &  out ( ^!  
primitive articles ! c>ds 7 evolv$4 ,on 
!m 7  plac$ ! f\r h]aldic emblems (     
,m]cury by :i* any /atue or  pa9t+ ( him
 may be readily recognis$4 ,^! emblems  
are conv9c+  pro( t c>ds 7 "p ( ! wor%ip
 ( ,m]cury1 s9ce ! f\r suits  ( ! ,t>ots
 repres5t$ ! f\r *ief attributes ( !    
god1 ^?  symbols by :i* he is univ]sally
 recognis$1 :i* are ,espadas  7,swords71
 ,d5>i 7,money71 ,ba/oni 7,rods71 &     
,coppas 7,cups74    ,any "o famili> ) ! 
_m beautiful /atues ( ,m]cury t are     
scatt]$ ?r\gh ! great museums ( ,europe1
 or ! fun]al urns or  s>cophagi on :i*  
,m]cury is repres5t$1 is aw>e ( ?is4    
,fir/1 he  appe>s z ,argiphontes1 ) !   
h>p or sword at 8 side1 giv5 him by  8  
fa!r1 ,jupit]4 ,second1 he is %[n z     
,cyll5ius1 or ,agoneus1 hold+  a purse1 
?r\gh ! me%es ( :i* r\nd co9s c be se51 
signify+  ! protector & repres5tative ( 

m]*ants4 ,?ird1 he appe>s z             
,caduceator1 or ! mess5g] ( ! gods1 be>+
 al(t ! caduceus1 or  magician's rod4   
,f\r?1 he is repres5t$ z ,*?onius1      
presid+ at bir?  or lead+ ! s\l to !    
unkn[n regions1 :5 8 emblem is ! ,cup ( 
,=tune4    ,?is emblem inspir$ ! %ape ( 
! beautiful ,etruscan fun]al vase1  :i* 
is 9 itself symbolical & d]iv$ f !      
wor%ip ( !  ,assyrians4 ,he is frequ5tly
 repres5t$ by a cup or *alice1 s9ce     
,m]cury  0 also ! cup be>] ( ! gods1 l !
 butl] ( ! ,ph>aoh  7,g5esis xl71 :o    
protect$ 8 ma/] f poison4 ,:5 he 0 !    
mess5g] he held to ! lips ( mortals !   
sev5-r+$ cup ( sorr[ or  joy1 & ! _m    
significances ( ?is cup1 al?\gh n[ ne>ly
  =gott51 7 realis$ by ! anci5t         
wor%ipp]s z an important emblem  ( !    
functions ( ! god4    ,if ! ,t>ots are !
 direct desc5dants ( ! occult images 9 !
  ,temple ( ,?o?1 z is conc$$1 x mu/    
also be ackn[l$g$ t !n  ^! c>ds ea* has 
a mean+ or int5tion wor? /udy+1 if only 
to  discov] _! secret2 & t if !y are    

connect$ ) ! anci5t  my/]ies !y repres5t
 human life 9 all its phases4 ,to wre/  
_!  secret f !m has be5 ! endeavor ( _m 
writ]s1 "s ( :om h  le>n$ _! port5t     
traditionally1 o!rs ?r\gh c>eful        
hi/orical  inve/igation1 :ile "s confess
 to inspiration )\t au?ority or         
support1 b n "o ( ^! au?ors discov]$ !  
important connection  betwe5 ! emblems  
on ! c>ds & ^? repres5t+ ,m]cury        
h]aldically "u 8 *ief guises1 al?\gh su*
 a discov]y w\ld h  be5 conclusive pro( 
t _! surmises 7 correct & t c>ds 7  !   
survival ( ! cult ( ,m]cury & 8         
pr$ecessors4    ,nev]!less1 a ?or\gh    
exam9ation ( all ^! writ]s %[s t  ?r\gh 
diff]5t *annels !y all come to ! same   
conclusions1 & by  comp>+ _! writ+s ) t 
( ! orig9al rules = ! game (  l',ombre  
7or ,! ,man7 q a def9ite idea ( ! value 
& mean+  atta*$ to ea* c>d by !         
initiates or prie/s ( ,m]cury may be    
rea*$4    ,raymond ,lulle 7#abce-acae7  
gives an hi/orical acc\nt ( ,t>ots 9 8  
,ars ,magna4 ,j]ome ,c>deau 7#aeja-aegf7

 writes ( ! hi/oric pack 9 8  "w        
,subtility4 ,an ,engli% writ] nam$      
,ma!rs has writt5 exhau/ively  ab\t !   
great book ( ,?o? ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1  
*iefly ) ! view  ( expla9+ =tune-tell+  
?r\gh a correct read+ ( ! my/]i\s       
leaves4    ,c\rt de ,gebel91 al?\gh     
sne]$ at by ! au?ors :o foll[$ him1 :o  
f\nd 8 le>n+ too deep = _! und]/&+1 has 
giv5 a lucid  acc\nt ( ,t>ots & _!      
connection ) div9ation1 :ile ,boiteau1 9
  8 ,les ,c>tes  ,j\] et la ,c>tomancie2
 ,m]l91 9 8 ,orig9 des  ,c>tes2 ,*atto1 
9 8 ,facts & ,speculations ,ab\t ,c>ds1 
& ,taylor1  9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds1 
agree t c>ds appe>$ sudd5ly 9  ,europe  
e>ly 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 t ! c>ds ( t   
day 7  ! ,t>ots1 or ! =tune-tell+ c>ds1 
t !y 7 alt]$ to suit  ,dut*1 ,sw$i% or  
,g]man ta/es1 or ! fancies ( a ,fr5* k+1
  foll[+ also ! desires ( ea* nation t  
adopt$ !m = gambl+  purposes1 ) no ?\ght
 ( ! anci5t cult to :i* !y _h belong$4  
,n "o ( !m1 h[ev]1 po9t$ out ! connect+ 
l9k ) ! emblems  ( ,m]cury1 or expla9$ !

 reason = ?is sudd5 appe>ance 9         
civilis$ nations ( ^! =tune-tell+ packs1
 except ,de ,gebel91 :ile  ev5 he fail$ 
to connect ! attributes ( ,m]cury ) !   
pips on !  c>ds or ! emblematic figures 
on ! ,at\ts t /ill %[ !  attributes ( ! 
*ief gods ( ,egyptian my?ology1 t w\ld h
 be5  su* conv9c+ pro(s ( _! orig94     
,we are indebt$ to ,papus1 9 8 ,t>ots ( 
! ,bohemians1 = cle>ly  po9t+ out t !   
c>ds are d]iv$ f ! book ( ,?o? & =      
expla9+ ! mean+ ( ea* leaf4 ,b ev5      
,papus1 %rewd & f>-see+  z he is1 does n
 bridge ! *asm ly+ betwe5 ! temples ( ! 
,egyptian deities & ! introduction (    
c>ds into ,europe1 al?\gh he  recognises
 ! p>am\nt importance ( ! emblem (      
,rods1 :i* he wisely  calls ,sceptres1  
s9ce he sees ! value t su* a symbol (   
p[] 0 to  ! anci5ts1 & he nev]          
condesc5ds to call ! pip by its vulg> "n
  ( ,club4    ,x is ! m /range t !      
surviv+ signs connect+ ! anci5t  wor%ip 
( ,m]cury ) ! emblems on ! pip c>ds     
rema9$ unnotic$1  = ! old ,temple (     

,m]cury at ,bai rema9s ) its vault$ ro( 
9 a  fairly good /ate ( pres]vation2 &  
on ! ceil+ ( ?is temple c  /ill be se5  
traces ( pictures resembl+ ^? on !      
,at\ts4 ,almo/  oblit]at$ & difficult to
 see1 s9ce ! place is d>k & !re is no   
means ( light+1 !y c yet be disc]n$1 ev5
 ?\gh x w\ld be  impossible to reproduce
 ! emblems4    ,!y are 9 ! %ape ( ! old 
,at\ts1 t is to say1 ! figures are      
enclos$ 9 a well-def9$ l9e ! %ape ( a   
c>d1 & ! same size if  consid]$ 9       
ref]5ce to t ( ! emblematic pictures4   
,two ( !m  are di/9ct en\gh to %[ a     
figure1 al?\gh :i* "o ( ! ,at\ts is     
int5d$ x is n[ impossible to say4       
,traces ( o!r ,at\ts may be  disc]n$ all
 along ! ro( ( ! build+1 al?\gh !y are  
be+  rapidly de/roy$ by ! wea!r4        
,en\gh evid5ce exi/s n[ to %[ t1 9 ?is  
h\se erect$ to ,m]cury  by ! ri* m]*ants
 ( ,rome1 ! emblematic figures 7        
display$ z  ornam5ts on ! ceil+ & 7 n   
conceal$ 9 alcoves or curta9$  ni*es1   
:i* "s writ]s h suppos$ 0 done 9 ! m    

anci5t  temples ( ,egypt :]e pictures h 
be5 discov]$ t h puzzl$ !  savants :o h 
n connect$ !m ) ! wor%ip ( ,?o? or      
,s]apis4    ,:y ! emblems ( ,m]cury did 
n receive recognition f !  au?orities on
 play+ c>ds ( ! pa/ ?ree c5turies1 or f 
o!rs1  rema9s a my/]y1 s9ce x seems to  
be q evid5t t1 :ile !  ,at\ts %[ ! v>i\s
 virtues1 vices1 arts & crafts1 :i* 7 "u
  8 protection1 ! pip c>ds display 8 f\r
 *ief attributes1 & t  ^! 7 evid5tly    
plac$ 9 ! book to repres5t ! god :5 x 0 
necess>y to call on 8 good (fices to    
protect or guide m]*ants1 to  direct    
love affairs1 to enc\rage w>riors or to 
inspire sci5ti/s4 ,no  o!r d]ivation =  
^! devices has ev5 be5 sugge/$1 & ^!    
self-evid5t l9ks 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce      
connect+ play+ c>ds )  ! wor%ip (       
,m]cury h be5 totally ignor$4 ,_m /ud5ts
 h1  h[ev]1 po9t$ out t ! ,t>ots are !  
survivors ( 8 cult &  7 orig9ally !     
,book ( ,?o? ,h]mes ,trismegi/us4    ,9 
! ,catalogue ( ,play+ & ,o!r ,c>ds 9 !  
,briti% ,museum1 by  ,william ,hughes   

,will%ire1 ,m4 ,d4 7#ahgf1 page #eb71 he
 %[s a picture (  ,addha-,n>i1 say+1 %e 
is ! ,isis ( ! ,h9dus1 a pan!i/ic emblem
  typify+ ,nature1 ,tru? & ,religion4 ,9
 ?is ,h9du emblematic figure !  f\r     
symbols ( ! anci5t ,t>ots 7n[ ! suit    
m>ks ( ! num]al  play+ c>ds ( ! ,t>ots &
 ( ,italy & ,spa97 are plac$ 9 ! f\r    
h&s ( ! figure t has ! cresc5t or emblem
 ( prophetic p[] on  h] head--namely1 ! 
,cup1 ! ,circle 7or ,money71 ! ,sword & 
!  ,magician's ,rod4 ,^! are recognis$1 
says ,mr4 ,will%ire 7page #fb71 z  be+ !
 symbols ( ! f\r *ief ca/es into :i* m5 
7 divid$ on  ! banks ( ! ,ganges & ( !  
,nile4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,cup d5otes !      
sac]dotal rank or prie/hood2 ! ,sword   
implies ! k+1 a soldi] or  milit>y type2
 ! ,circle or r+ ( et]nity 7t 9 ! h&s ( 
!  protector ( comm]ce became ,money7   
typifies ! _w or comm]cial  community1 &
 ! ,/aff is emblematic ( agriculture or 
! till] ( !  soil4 ,?is connection      
betwe5 ^! symbols ) ^? on ! ,t>ots has  
be5 copi$ slavi%ly by _m au?ors z ! only

 explanation = !  adoption ( ^! devices4
 ,t !re 7 9 e>ly days ^! pr9cipal  ca/e 
divisions is unque/ionable1 & m5 ( !    
diff]5t pr(essions  select$ _! h]aldic  
emblems :5 consult+ ! oracle to wor%ip  
or  consult ,m]cury z ,*?oneus1         
,argiphontes1 ,cyll5ius or ,caduceator4 
,! bridge connect+ ! great goddess (    
,india ) ,m]cury has n yet  be5 built1  
al?\gh ! f\ndations h be5 laid & w soon 
be giv5  to ! _w4 ,x is suffici5t to say
 at pres5t t ! my?ologies (  ,babylonia 
& ,egypt h m+l$ my/]i\sly1 & t ! "m (   
,?o? is connect$ ) ! ,indian deity s t  
symbols & rites common  to "o c\ntry are
 (t5 f\nd 9 ! si/] cont95t4    ,be=e !  
era ( pr9t+ m5 cry/alis$ _! ideas by    
mak+ pictures  to portray ! ?+ or p]son 
t x 0 desir$ to repres5t4 ,?us !        
h]aldry ( to-day is simply ?is crude    
idea sci5tifically treat$ &  classifi$1 
& a coat-(-arms is ! "n ( a family      
pictorially  repres5t$4 ,! totem ( !    
,nor? ,am]ican ,indian displays 8 family
  cognom5 9 ?is way1 z d ! v>i\s symbols

 ( un$ucat$ p all  ov] ! _w :o are      
unable to express _! ideas 9 writt5     
*>act]s4    ,signs ov] ! doors (        
tradesm5 c>ry out ! same plan1 z !      
b>b]'s  bas9 or pole 7! latt] be+ really
 ! caduceus ( ,m]cury1 t 0  inh]it$ f ! 
doctors :o /udi$ at ! ,temple ( ,?o?74  
,! bun*  ( grapes or bu% ( a w9e deal]  
%[s an inn1 & a well-kn[n say+  ( ,lady 
,m>y ,wortley ,montagu recalls ?is1 = %e
 rem>k$1 ,h[ %\ld  we "k :]e ! w9e 0    
sold if we did n see ! bu%8    ,?us1    
also1 at a cross-road :]e directions f !
 god ,t]m9us  7,m]cury7 7 requir$1 8    
po9t+ f+] ,illu/ration3 po9t+  f+] 7:i* 
0 also ! ,yod f\nd on ! ,t>ots7 0 a     
pictur$ sign  t all c\ld compreh5d4 ,x  
is ! same ) all ! o!r emblems  connect$ 
) ?is ubiquit\s deity1 & ! anci5ts      
und]/ood ^!  devices f> m easily ?an we 
( to-day1 z ! lapse ( "t has caus$  !   
int5tion ( _m ( !m to be =gott51 & none 
m s ?an ^?  ( ,m]cury on ! pip c>ds ( ! 
,t>ots4 ,t _! mean+ is =gott5  is n !   
fault ( ^? :o cr$it$ transmitt$ k ?r\gh 

pictures in/ead ( writt5 words1 z !     
devices rema9 z a simple key  to ! orig9
 ( c>ds t orig9ally 7 int5d$ only z a   
means (  communicat+ ) occult p[]s4     
7,see ,numb]s xvii47    ,9 ord] to come 
closely to ! mean+s attribut$ to !      
devices z well  z to ! figures on !     
,at\t "p ( ! ,t>ots1 ea* "o mu/ be      
/udi$ sep>ately1 & close att5tion mu/ be
 giv5 to ! o!r  connections ) ! cult (  
,m]cury t h n be5 dropp$ f !  c>ds 9 !  
c\rse ( ages1 b :i* rema9 to enlight5 u4
    ,?us1 ! girdle or ce/us t ,m]cury   
/ole f ,v5us encircles !  deuce (       
,money1 & all ! olde/ c>ds reta9 ?is    
symbol z well z  ^? manufactur$ n[4 ,?is
 c>d plays an important "p 9 !          
soo?say]'s pack4 ,"u "s conditions x    
signifies ?iev+1 :i*  probably ref]s to 
! !ft ( ! girdle4 ,a pig is always      
display$ on  ! two ( bells ( ! ,g]man   
pack t 0 evid5tly d]iv$ f !  ,t>ots1    
s9ce x 0 sacr$ to ,nebo4 ,pigs & tongues
 7repres5t+  spee*7 7 always "p ( !     
sacrifice to ,h]mes at 8 annual         

fe/ival1 & bo? 7 sacr$ to ,pros]p5e1 ^: 
desc5t to hell 0  celebrat$ on ! day %e 
0 dragg$ f h] "m1 ,c]es1 &  conduct$ by 
,m]cury ,*?oneus1 to ! arms ( ,pluto4   
,a gazelle "u a palm tree is plac$ on ! 
knave ( ,money1 :i* recalls  ! wor%ip ( 
,osiris1 9 :i* ,?o? plays su* an        
important "p4  ,accord+ to a leg5d1 !   
gazelle gives notice ( ! ris+ ( !  wat]s
 ( ! riv] ,nile by flee+ f its wont$    
fe$+ gr\nds on !  banks to ! recesses ( 
! des]t1 long be=e ! fir/ signs ( !     
com+ flood are notic$ by mank9d4 ,!     
gazelle acts 9 ?is way z a  lieut5ant to
 ,h]mes1 or z a mess5g] f ! gods to     
humans1 & x is  sacr$ to ,?o?1 :o 0     
aft]w>ds1 by ! ,romans1 m]g$ into       
,m]cury4  ,?o? is also repres5t$ on !   
,fool or ,jok]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,at\ts
 ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,pack ,,(   
,,t>ots        #ac ,la ,morte        #ad
 ,la ,temp]an        #ae ,il ,diavolo   
#af ,la ,torre        #ag ,le ,/elle    
#ah ,la ,luna    ,! numb] ?irte5 has    
always receiv$ my/ic rev]5ce1 & ! reason

  = ?is has be5 s\ght by _m4 ,among !   
,at\ts t numb] is on !  c>d repres5t+   
,dea?4 ,m]cury's fe/ival falls on !     
?irte5? ( !  fif? mon?1 s ! ?irte5? c>d 
has m ?an "o significance to !  believ]s
 9 ! old pictur$ symbols1 p>ticul>ly :5 
connect$ )  ! ,t>ots4    ,! c>d kn[n to 
u z ! ,jok] comb9es 9 itself all !      
v]satile  qualities attribut$ to ! god  
,h]mes himself1 & x is small wond]  t x 
0 s reg>d$1 z he 0 suppos$ to repres5t 9
 8 own p]son  s _m & su* diff]5t ?+s4   
,among ! ,at\ts x is call$ ,le ,f\  7!  
,fool74 ,x has no numb] 9 ! pack & 0 n  
"o ( ! pictures  t 7 plac$ on ! walls1 b
 0 probably a /atue occupy+ !  c5tre ( !
 temple1 :]e x might be sep>ately       
approa*$4 ,among !  c>ds x outranks all 
o!rs1 & is z volatile & z little to be  
dep5d$ ^u z ! god ( ,quicksilv] himself4
 ,x controls & dom9ates  e c>d 9 bo? !  
pip & ,at\t p>ts ( ! pack4 ,x repres5ts 
!  un=ese51 ! unexpect$1 unc]ta9ty or   
uncontrollable fate1 & !  de/9y t       
presides ov] e walk 9 life4 ,x /&s =    

,de/9y1  :e!r x be call$ ,kismet1 ,luck1
 ,*ance1 ,fate or ,m]cury1 :o alone     
c\ld tell to mortals :at he _h =etold at
 _! bir?1 :5 z !  ,writ] he inscrib$ on 
8 tablets all ! ev5ts ( life4    ,?r\gh 
/udy+ ! ,jok] & ! value be/[$ on him 9 !
 old z  well z 9 ! mod]n packs !        
simil>ity ( ! p[]s t he wields  ) ^? t 7
 attribut$ to ! ,h]mes ( ! ,greeks may  
be  recognis$1 & ?is repres5tation (    
irresponsibility1 ( *ance or (  luck1 is
 f\nd 9 e "p ( ! _w :]e div9+ c>ds are  
us$4  ,x m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,t>ots
 & ! ,fr5*1 ,g]man &  ,swiss packs t 7  
inv5t$ = gambl+ only1 & 7 nev] int5d$  =
 =tune-tell+4 ,t packs 9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 ) ,fr5* pips1  h a ,jok]1 does n
 prove t 9 ,france ! g5tleman is kn[n1 =
 he  made 8 appe>ance "h aft] #ahej1 z w
 be relat$ lat]4    ,! way t ! ,jok] is 
repres5t$ v>ies mo/ /rangely4 ,sometimes
 !  c>d %[s a gr\p ( huddl$ imps4       
,sometimes x is a blank l t (  ,korea & 
,japan1 or x may %[ ! figure ( a cl[n or
 a je/] l  t ( ,au/ria4 ,x w\ld be      

int]e/+ to foll[ ! hi/ory ( je/]s  ?r\gh
 ! tr\bad\rs f ,m]cury himself4 ,b ea* &
 all  repres5tations h ! same value :5  
luck rules1 & ! ,jok] takes  e c>d 9 !  
pack4          ,,*apt] ,,ii4    ,,!     
,,t>ot ,,pack ,,( ,,c>ds      ,!        
complete pack ( ,t>ots 7sometimes call$ 
! book ( ,?o?7  conta9s sev5ty-eight    
leaves1 &1 ( ^!1 fifty-six be> pips1 )  
f\r c\rt c>ds to ea* suit1 :i* %[ !     
attributes ( ,m]cury1  namely3 ,swords1 
,/aves1 ,money1 & ,cups4 ,besides ^!1   
!re are  tw5ty-two c>ds ) emblematic    
figures1 t 7 also connect$ )  ! wor%ip (
 ,m]cury or "s ( ! anci5t my/]ies2 & !y1
 z a  :ole1 repres5t ! *ief moral or    
spiritual *>act]i/ics ( mank9d1  !      
c>d9al virtues1 m>riage1 dea?1 creation1
 & resurrection1 closely  foll[+ !      
attributes ( ! ,egyptian deities4 ,!y   
are presid$ ov]  & controll$ by ,m]cury 
himself1 ! c>d be+ nam$ 9 ,italy il     
,matto1 or le ,f\2 & we "k x z ! ,jok]4 
,?is figure 0 also  orig9ally int5d$ =  
,?o? or ,nebo & is (t5 pres5t$ z a      

vagabond  or tramp1 :o typifies         
irresponsibility1 ! elem5ts ( unc]ta9ty1
  *ance1 or luck1 t p]vade all ! conc]ns
 ( life1 & :i* mu/ be  ackn[l$g$ &      
provid$ = "u all circum/ances1 & 9 all  
social  conditions f ! emp]or to !      
begg>4    ,! close resemblance ( ?is    
,matto1 9 all ! attributes be/[$ ^u  him
 9 ! c>d _w1 to ! ,greek god ,h]mes %\ld
 n be ov]look$1  = he 0 s rapid 9 8     
movem5ts z to h quicksilv] nam$ aft]    
him1 ! m9]al t has s _m qualifications &
 is s unc]ta94 ,!  "n 0 probably giv5 to
 ! metal by ! sci5ti/s :o belong$ to !  
,egyptian temple ( le>n+4 ,!n1 too1 its 
heal+ qualities 7  recognis$ by ! m$ical
 _w ( anci5t days1 &1 z ^! wise m5  7 "u
 ! protection ( ! god ,h]mes1 t also may
 h  contribut$ to its hav+ be5 nam$ aft]
 him4 ,m]cury also 0 !  unexpect$ &     
v]satile god :o att5d$ ! dy+1 al?\gh he 
did n  cause ! dea?4 ,he 0 ! inv5tor &  
patron ( games1 al?\gh he 0  no game/]  
himself1 b he p]sonifi$ luck & *ance2 s1
 ) ^!  & _m o!r *>act]i/ics1 ,m]cury 01 

inde$1 ! ,jok] ( !  pack1 ! ,trump t    
captures all o!r c>ds4    ,! tw5ty-two  
,at\t c>ds1 z !y are call$1 pres5t      
allegorical  figures 9 :i* ! attitude1 !
 co/ume1 ! accessories1 & !  attributes 
ea* h a significance t may be trac$ back
 to _!  orig91 & al?\gh "s ( ^! symbols 
are /ill unid5tifi$1 !  great] "p are   
recognis$1 s ! value ( ! figure itself  
is  und]/ood4 ,"s ( !m 7 connect$ ) "o  
or ! o!r ( ! arts1  crafts1 or sci5ces t
 7 taught by ! prie/s ( ,?o?1 & by !m   
transmitt$ to _! successors 9 ,italy2   
twelve ( !m repres5t !  gods ( ,olympus2
 ! o!rs are connect$ ) ,egyptian gods or
 c be  trac$ to ev5 e>li] c]emonies     
connect$ ) div9ation4    ,be=e describ+ 
ea* "o ( ! ,at\ts & _! mean+s1 x mu/ be 
m5tion$ t1 :ile _m au?ors h writt5 (    
diff]5t packs (  c>ds1 !re are b two    
au?ors :o h made a /udy ( ! ,t>ots1 &  t
 nei!r ( ^! reg>ds ! packs z toys or    
gambl]s' in/rum5ts1  b z ! outcome ( a  
great my/]y or religi\s cult4 ,c\rt de  
,gebel91  z e>ly z #aggc1 decl>$3 ,!    

complete pack ( ,t>ots1 ) pip &  emblem 
c>ds toge!r1 7 "p ( ! ,egyptian my/]ies1
 &  p>ticul>ly ( ! wor%ip ( ,?o?1 & he  
traces ! resemblance (  ! figures & !   
quality or value attribut$ to !m to     
,isis1 ,maut1  ,anubis1 or o!r p]sonages
 9 ! ,egyptian cosmogony1 :i* !ory is   
confirm$ by ,papus 9 8 ,t>ots ( !       
,bohemians4 ,a c>eful /udy (  ,sir      
,g>d9] ,wilk9son's ,anci5t ,egyptians1 &
 ,mr4 ,rawl9son's ,anci5t  ,egypt1 %[s  
h[ accurate ^! surmises 71 = ! orig9 (  
_m (  ! figures on ! ,t>ots c be trac$ 9
 ^! works1 al?\gh 9 !  days ( de        
,gebel91 ,egypt 0 a seal$ book to       
/ud5ts4    ,sir ,g4 ,wilk9son /at$ 9    
,anci5t ,egyptians 7,vol4 ,,ii1 page    
#bjg73  ,p>*m5t 0 us$ = ! records kept 9
 ! temples & is m5tion$  9 ! "t ( !     
eighte5? dyna/y1 :5 !re 7 hi/ories      
writt5  on sk9s call$ ,?r1 or ,tah>1 &  
,?o? 7,h]mes7 fram$ ! laws4 ,?is  proves
 t ! rules gov]n+ mank9d emanat$ f !    
temple ( ,?o?  7z ! "n is indiff]5tly   
spell$71 & t1 if x 7 necess>y to  give  

publicity to ! m&ates1 x c\ld be done   
outside ( ! temple  ) writt5 *>act]s1 or
 ideographically4 ,probably lett]s 7 n  
us$ at ! "t1 al?\gh ,?o? 0 ! god (      
lett]s & ! inv5tor  ( ! alphabet2 b     
symbols & emblems 7 adopt$1 s9ce !y c\ld
 be  m easily und]/ood by illit]ate p4  
,?is1 !n1 might well h  acc\nt$ = !     
figures ( ! ,at\ts1 ev5 if !re 7 no o!r 
reasons = !m4    ,we are indebt$ to ,m4 
de ,gebel9 = connect+ ! ,t>ots ) ?is    
cult1  z well z to ,papus1 = ! latt]1 9 
8 ,t>ots ( ! ,bohemians1 n  only accepts
 ! /atem5ts made by ! o!r writ]1 b tries
 to prove  t ! ,t>ot pack 0 ! ,bible ( !
 ,gypsies & /ates t x 0  also ! book (  
,?o? ,h]mes ,trismegi/us ( anci5t       
civilization4    ,o!r writ]s :o h /udi$ 
! c>ds believe t !y are ! key to  =gott5
 my/]ies2 b none ( !m h po9t$ out !     
significant  facts connect+ ! emblems ( 
! suit c>ds ) ! h]aldic  attributes (   
,m]cury1 & none h not$ ! value &        
connection  betwe5 ! diff]5t figures ( !
 ,at\ts ) ^? ( ! gods (  ,babylonia     

m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible1 yet !y are s        
rem>kable t x seems  incr$ible t !y %\ld
 h be5 s long ov]look$ by ^? :o 7  se>*+
 = ! orig9 ( ,play+ ,c>ds4    ,x is q   
evid5t 9 ! fir/ place t ! ,/aff1 or     
magic w&1 mu/  h be5 inspir$ by !       
caduceus1 or1 p]haps1 by ! /ylus1 :i* is
  also emblematical ( ,?o? & 0 us$ by ! 
,babylonian god ,nebo to  write on 8    
tablets ( fate4 ,! ,sword 0 d]iv$ f !   
,h>p  pres5t$ by ,jupit] to 8 son1      
,m]cury1 & 0 also us$ by ,nebo4 ,!      
purse ( ,money1 & ! ,*alice1 h f !      
e>lie/ times be5  connect$ ) spiritual  
uses & ! my/]ies ( ! ?ree prophetical   
gods4 ,any "o ( ! f\r d5ot$ ,m]cury1    
:ile n "o ( ! o!r gods  ( ,olympus1     
,babylonia1 or ,egypt 0 ev] s m>k$1 &   
none ( !m  comb9$ all ! sci5ces & arts t
 7 practis$ by 8 prie/s &  d$icat$ to ! 
hon\r ( ! god :o 0 wor%ipp$ z ! prophet 
&  mess5g] f gods to m54    ,!          
connection ( ! ,t>ot c>ds ) a/ronomy &  
a/rology is a /udy  by itself1 b1 s9ce  
^! sci5ces 7 "p ( ! c\rse ( /udies      

pursu$ by ! prie/s ( ,?o?1 _m emblems   
connect$ ) !m are  f\nd on ! ,at\ts4 ,^!
 _h mean+ = ^? le>n$ en\gh to read  !   
signs4 ,b ea* ,at\t1 be x connect$ )    
kabbalism1 demonology1  ,babylonian1    
,egyptian1 ,greek or ,roman my?ology1 is
 writt5 9 a language  n[ p>tly =gott51 b
 once widely kn[n & rev]$4    ,at fir/ !
 book ( ,?o?1 or prophetic c>ds1 0 only 
9 ! h&s (  ! prie/s2 b z ! mean+ ( ^!   
deta*$ leaves 0 f "t to  "t reveal$ to !
 educat$ classes1 ^! p]sons le>n$ to    
consult  ! ,t>ots = !mselves :5 desir+  
to "k ! wi%es ( ! gods4 ,a  sy/ematic   
arrangem5t ( ! c>ds c\ld be made by a   
c\ple ( play]s1  & ?is tte-a-tte me?od (
 ask+ = div9e guidance is a v  anci5t   
cu/om1 & mu/ receive due recognition :5 
/udy+ ! cult (  ,m]cury1 = x mu/ be     
p>ticul>ly not$ t all ! e>lie/ kn[n     
games ) c>ds are inv>iably = two p]sons 
& two only1 s t :5  m play]s 7 add$ to !
 game its "n 0 alt]$4    ,x w be recall$
 h[ _m times magical p]=mances are      
m5tion$ 9  ! ,bible1 "o ( ! mo/ notable 

be+ 9 ,numb]s xxii1 :5 ,balak  consult$ 
,balaam4 ,! :ole c]emony is !re         
graphically describ$1 b  ^! two m5 7 !  
only ones :o took active "p 9 ! c]emony1
  al?\gh ,balak s5t ! eld]s ( ,moab & ! 
eld]s ( ,midian to ,balaam  ) ! rew>ds (
 div9ation 9 _! h&s4 ,by "s p x might   
be suppos$ t ,balak int5d$ to bribe     
,balaam = a favorable report  f 8 god1 b
 ,:5 ,balaam saw t x pleas$ ! ,"l to    
bless  ,israel1 he w5t n1 z at o!r      
times1 to seek = en*antm5ts 7,numb]s    
xxiv3#a74 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! occult     
transaction %[s t ^! two  m5 alone took 
"p1 al?\gh o!rs /ood alo( & wat*$ f af>4
    ,pr(4 ,samuel ,dai*es1 9 8 essay1   
,balaam a ,b>u1 decl>es t ,balaam  0 a  
sorc]] pure & simple1 quot+ f c]ta9     
,babylonian tablets  writt5 9 cunei=m   
*>act]s1 to prove 8 resemblance to ! b>u
 (  ! anci5t ritual :o w\ld be deem$ a  
magician 9 ^! days4 ,pr(essor  ,dai*es  
also /ates t1 9 ! ,babylonian ,ritual   
,tablets lately  deciph]$1 is f\nd !    
/atem5t t ! div9] & ! inquir] 9  !      

c]emony h bo? to be engag$ & pres5t :5 !
 wi%es ( !  gods are to be consult$1 & t
 ?is 0 foll[$ 9 religi\s  c]emonies 9 _m
 o!r c\ntries4 ,?is cu/om is adh]$ to at
 pres5t  9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* :5 ! 
p5it5t confesses to ! prie/1  ! two p   
be+ alone & %ield$ f obs]vation4    ,all
 ! e>ly games = ! ,t>ots 7 arrang$ = two
 p]sons4 ,!  modifications t crept 9    
aft] #adjj all[$ o!r play]s to jo91 :5  
diff]5t names 7 giv5 to ! newly inv5t$  
games4 ,! ma9 rules  7 b little alt]$ & 
! play 0 only *ang$ 9 ord] t o!rs  might
 take "p1 :i* is "o ( ! cle>ly def9$    
m>ks indicat+ !  p]iod :5 ! ,t>ots 7    
disc>d$ by initiat$ p]sons & adopt$ by  
p 9 g5]al1 :o accept$ ! c>ds = amusem5t1
 leav+ !  prophetic my/]ies to !        
sup]/iti\s4 ,! complete pack ( ,t>ots1 z
  x came f ! anci5ts1 consi/s ( two     
p>ts1 tw5ty-two ,at\ts &  fifty-six suit
 c>ds1 or sev5ty-eight 9 all2 b ^! are  
us$ only 9  ,italy4    ,a pack call$    
,t>ok or ,t>oc is a favorite 9 ,au/ria &
 ,hung>y1 ?\gh  unkn[n else:]e1 a fact (

 :i* ! ,vi5nese are inord9ately pr\d1  =
 !y decl>e1 & ) tru?1 t _! game is      
sci5tific &  requires ke5 intellects to 
play x successfully4 ,b _! h&books on  !
 game d n recognise ! fact t _! c>ds are
 copi$ f !  anci5t ,book ( ,?o?1 & t _! 
game is almo/ id5tical ) !  orig9al "o (
 div9ation call$ ,l',ombre4 ,! ,au/rian 
,t>oks h !  same numb]s z ! orig9als1 & 
reta9 tw5ty-two ,at\ts1 b only le  ,f\  
or ,m]cury has an emblem resembl+ ^? on 
! old leaves4 ,!  designs h )9 fifty    
ye>s *ang$ f ! ,g]man or ,italian pips  
to  ! ,fr5* devices ( ,coeurs1 ,c>reaux1
 ,trifle & ,piques4    ,le ,f\1 or !    
,jok]1 is call$ ,skus1 ,skis1 ,skys1 or 
,/s4 ,! ,juggl]  ( ! old pack is nam$   
,pagat1 & al?\gh ! l[e/ 9 numb] x has   
peculi> values t recall ! fact t :5 us$ 
= =tune-tell+ x  repres5t$ ! inquir]    
into ! wi%es ( ! gods4 ,! c>d ( highe/  
value 9 ! ,au/rian ,t>oks is ! ,_w1 & is
 call$ aft] its  pr$ecessor1 reta9+ !   
"n1 z well z its position 9 ! pack1 )  !
 value ( its namesake1 b ! picture on ! 

c>d does n resemble  ! orig9al1 & x     
requires ! inspection ( an exp]t to     
connect ^!  two packs1 s9ce ! ,au/rians 
h /ray$ s f> f ! old designs z  to make 
! emblems h>dly recognisable4    ,!     
pictures on ! re/ ( ! ,at\ts are n ev5  
copies ( ^? t  =m]ly 7 us$ 9 ,vi5na4 ,"o
 ( ^! packs is n[ 9 ! writ]'s           
collection1 be>+ ! date #aghj2 & %[+ "s 
fa9t resemblance to  ! ,italian ,t>ots1 
proves its desc5t1 = 9 x ! figures (    
,dea? &  o!r *>act]s are reta9$1 :ile ! 
c>d mak]s ( ! tw5tie?  c5tury adorn !   
,au/rian ,t>oks ) pa/oral views1 :i*    
mislead  /ud5ts :o h n old] packs ) :i* 
to comp>e !m1 s ! book  describ+ ! ,wi5]
 ,t>ok games claims t ^! c>ds & games   
orig9at$ 9 t city & are peculi> to t    
locality4    ,! ,au/rian ,t>oks1 giv5 to
 ! writ] 9 #ahij by an old lady 9 ,new  
,york1 7 wrapp$ ) a fad$ gre5 ribbon &  
accompani$ ) a note  describ+ h[ !y _h  
come into h] possession4 ,x seems t h]  
fa!r  left ,vi5na :5 a "y man1 hav+ got 
into "s scrape ?r\gh play+  c>ds4 ,be=e 

leav+ he bade f>ewell to 8 betro!d &    
begg$ = h]  g>t] & h] m9iature4 ,^! he  
plac$ ) ! fatal pack ( c>ds &  kept 9 8 
desk4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s ! "y man1 hav+  
made a =tune  9 ,am]ica1 wrote to 8     
ladylove1 begg+ h] to cross ! ocean to  
m>ry  him4 ,! answ] 0 t1 n hav+ he>d f  
him s9ce he _h left1 %e  _h m>ri$4 ,h]  
lov] consol$ himself ) an ,am]ican wife1
 & _h  _m *ildr51 ! desc5dants ( :om are
 n[ well-kn[n p 9 ,new  ,york4    ,!re  
are sev]al complicat$ & int]e/+ games   
play$ ) !  ,au/rian ,t>oks d]iv$ f      
l',ombre1 or ! man1 & orig9ally  int5d$ 
= two play]s only4 ,"o is call$ ! ,great
 ,t>ok1 ano!r  reta9s ! old "n ,t>ok    
l',ombre1 :ile a ?ird game 7a           
modification  ( ! la/ & arrang$ = m     
play]s71 is call$ ,t>ok = ,f\r4  ,! game
 call$ ,tapp ,t>ok requires b fifty-f\r 
c>ds2 x is only a  v>iant ( ! o!rs & is 
mo/ popul>4 ,/yrean ,t>ok1 l ! ,tapp    
game1 requires ?ree play]s1 ! f\r? "o   
be+ a sil5t p>tn] or  dummy4 ,^! games  
are s intricate1 & h s _m rules1 t none 

b  ,au/rians play ) ^! adapt$ c>ds4     
,9 ! ,illu/rirtes ,wi5] ,t>okbu*1 by    
,ulman1 we f9d ?is /atem5t3  ,two       
c5turies _h n pass$ aft] c>ds 7         
introduc$ into ,europe1  :5 ,francis    
,fibbia1 ,pr9ce ( ,pisa1 ,italy1 arrang$
 f ! olde/ (  all games1 call$ ,tappola1
 a new "o call$ ,t>ok1 :i* is f\nd 9    
,bologna z a favorite game dur+ !       
fifte5? c5tury4 ,?is 0 play$  )         
,trappola or ,trappel9 c>ds1 :5 !       
orig9al suits 7 reta9$1  :i* 7 ,cups1   
,money1 ,swords1 & ,/aves1 b aft] wood  
engrav+ 0  inv5t$1 ! ,fr5* pips 7 adopt$
 & are n[ ! only ones us$ 9  ! ,au/rian 
,t>ok pack4    ,x is notewor?y t ! ,rev4
 ,edw>d ,taylor1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,play+   
,c>ds 7pages #bji & #deg71 m5tions an   
int]e/+ pack ( c>ds1 !  impr9t ( :i*    
/ates !m to be sold by ,john ,l5?all1   
/ation] at !  ,talbot ov] aga9/ ,/4     
,dun/an's ,*ur*1 ,london1 :o c>ri$ on   
bus9ess  !re f #affe to #afhe1 s ! c>ds 
7 probably issu$ imm$iately  aft] !     
,re/oration4 ,!y 7 prophetical or       

=tune-tell+ c>ds1  & _! use 0 describ$ 9
 directions publi%$ ) !m4 ,! pips  7    
,fr5*2 ! emblematical figures 7         
imitations ( ! ,at\ts &  evid5tly _h be5
 copi$ f "p ( a pack ( ,t>ots1 b !      
figures  _h names appli$ to !m t 7 n    
exactly l ! orig9als4 ,!  ,ace ( ,he>ts 
_h a figure t 0 nam$ ,h]mes ,trismagus1 
:i* leads to  ! supposition t ! orig9al 
connection ( ,m]cury ) ! ,t>ots  0 n    
entirely =gott5 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 b 0
 kn[n 9  connection ) =tune-tell+4 ,z a 
prophet he 0 /ill an important          
p]sonage4 ,! o!r figures on ! c>ds      
repres5t$ ,roman ,ca?olic  sa9ts or     
mod]n h]oes1 s t ( ,m]cury 0 entirely   
out ( place1  unless 9 connection ) 8   
cult4          ,,*apt] ,,iii    ,,m]cury
      ,al?\gh treat$ by mod]n writ]s z  
"o ( ! m9or ( ! twelve gods  ( ,olympus1
 ,m]cury 0 by no means s look$ ^u by !  
anci5ts1 :o  rev]$1 fe>$1 consult$ &    
obey$ him z !y did no o!r deity1 s  he  
wield$ m influ5ce ov] ! lives ( mank9d  
?an did all ! o!r  gods put toge!r4     

,jove 0 dread$ because a bolt f ! blue  
might  de/roy ! unw>y at any mom5t2 ev5 
?\gh ,m]cury 0 ! lightn+  conductor1 !  
latt] 0 n blam$ = ! cata/rophe4 ,juno   
comm&$  admiration by h] beauty1 b h]   
cold self-e/eem drew few foll[]s2  /ill1
 z presid+ ov] mat]nity1 %e deliv]$1    
?r\gh ,m]cury1 !  newly born to its     
p>5ts4 ,diana _h1 p]haps1 ! l>ge/ numb] 
(  wor%ipp]s1 s9ce %e _h a plurality (  
attractions1 & _h "u h]  protection _m &
 v>i\s walks ( life1 :5 ,m]cury act$ z  
h]  lieut5ant4 ,x 0 ,m]cury :o lur$     
,pros]p9e f ! side ( ,c]es1  to         
reconduct ! =m] to e>? :5 spr+ foll[$   
w9t]1 & x is  "u ?is =m1 z ,*?onius1 t  
,m]cury is allegorically repres5t$  z ! 
mess5g] conduct+ ! s\l at dea? to !     
future /ate4    ,m]cury 0 ! peacemak]1  
or adju/] ( difficulties1 z well z !    
c\ncillor & int]cessor1 = he c\ld be    
appeal$ to ) ! c]ta9ty  t 8 ord]s c\ld  
be receiv$ by mank9d1 & by !m c\ld be   
compreh5d$ ?r\gh a sign language        
int]pret$ by 8 prie/s4 ,he 0 9  reality 

m p[]ful ?an any ( ! o!r gods tak5      
sep>ately1 =1  al?\gh !y might be       
lavi%ly propitiat$1 !y c\ld n reply to  
invocations except ?r\gh _! mess5g]1    
,m]cury4 ,he 0 also !  inv5tor (        
emblems1 pictorial art1 & language1     
?r\gh :i* he c\ld  be directly approa*$ 
& 8 wi%es communicat$ 9 response to     
invocations by means ( ! ,at\ts & ! pip 
c>ds4 ,any pr(anation (  8 my/]ies 0    
rapidly rev5g$ by 8 wor%ipp]s1 s x is   
little  wond] t !y 7 n plac$ 9 t[n      
records or 9 e>ly hi/ories4  ,nor1 if !y
 71 w\ld ^! my/]ies h be5 m5tion$ z     
,play+  ,c>ds1 = ! anci5t ,book ( ,?o? 0
 n classifi$ z a game1 &  until !       
,temple ( ,to?1 z well z ! ,s]apeon1 ne>
 ,naples1 7  de/roy$1 compell+ ! exil$  
prie/s to c>ry on _! p]son !  emblems   
tak5 f ! walls1 !re 0 absolutely no?+ l 
a c>d to  m5tion 9 ! (ficial records4   
,/ud5ts1 !re=e1 mu/ se>* =  descriptions
 ( w&]]s1 ( soo?say]s1 ( a/rolog]s1 (   
=tune-tell]s1 ( prophets or ( gypsies1  
if !y wi% to discov]  traces ( ! cult ( 

,m]cury1 s9ce x 0 gradually &           
imp]ceptibly  m]g$ into ! ,play+ ,c>ds z
 we und]/& !m4    ,!re 7 few ( ! homes (
 ! ri* ,romans t 7 n adorn$ )  a /atue (
 ?is god "u "o ( 8 f\r great attributes4
 ,! be/  kn[n is1 p]haps1 "o by ,john ( 
,bologna1 %[+ him z ,caduceator1 or  !  
mess5g]1 "u :i* guise ,m]cury c>ries !  
caduceus & po9ts  ) 8 "r h& to heav54   
,:5 repres5t$ 9 ?is way1 he is !  be>] (
 news1 ( life1 & ( heal?4 ,x 0 8 w&1 or 
caduceus1  t1 up to ! middle ( !        
eighte5? c5tury1 0 ! emblem ( !  m$ical 
man1 :o always c>ri$ 8 /ick or /aff into
 ! sick  *amb]4 ,x is /ill us$ by b>b]s1
 :o display 8 /aff1 app>5tly  w\nd )    
bloody rags1 be=e _! %ops1 a survival ( 
a cu/om dat+  f ! "t :5 b>b]s 7 ! d5ti/ 
surgeons & blood-lett]s4  ,8 w& 0 also  
repres5tative ( ! /ylus :i* 0 us$ to    
write on  ! ,tablet ( ,fate1 = ,m]cury 0
 also ! god ,nebo ( !  ,babylonians1 :o 
is m5tion$ "u ?is "n 9 ! ,bible4 ,he is 
cr$it$  ) be+ ! writ] 9 ! ,book ( ,fate 
&1 says a ,cunei=m  inscription1 _h     

=etold ! de/9y ( mank9d s9ce et]nity4 ,!
  /ylus 0 also ! emblem ( ,?o?1 :o wrote
 9 ! ,book ( ,good ,works  aft] dea?4   
,illu/ration3 ,,at\ts ,,( ,,an ,,e>ly   
,,italian ,,pack ,,( ,,t>ots ,,) ,,two  
,,c\rt  ,,c>ds        #ai ,il ,sole     
#bj ,il ,giudizio        #ba ,il ,mondo 
#bb ,il ,matto        #bc ,que5 ( ,cups 
#bd ,k+ ( ,cups    ,z ! protector &     
=etell] ( ev5ts1 ,m]cury 0 repres5t$ z  
b5ign or b5evol5t1 b ! second attribute 
z reproduc$ 9 8  /atues 0 purely        
m]cantile4 ,^! /atues are frequ5tly f\nd
 hold+  a purse 9 ! "r h&1 ! co9s inside
 be+ se5 ?r\gh its me%es1  emblematic ( 
! ,money pip on ! c>ds4 ,:5 repres5t$ 9 
?is way !  face is no long] joy\s or    
s]5e z x is :5 depict$ z !  mess5g]2 x  
is /]n1 cold & calculat+1 p]haps r      
%rewd1 yet  /ill self-reliant1 & ) an   
air ( conc5tration1 b always y\?ful4  ,z
 ! god c\ld =esee & =etell bus9ess      
probabilities1 s9ce !y  7 already writt5
 9 8 ,book ( ,fate1 or c\ld give c\nsel 
9  m]cantile transactions1 ,m]cury 0    

always consult$ & obey$4 ,x 0  due to   
?is t 8 image be>+ al(t ! money bag 0 a 
favorite  decoration 9 ! homes (        
successful m]*ants1 :o cr$it$ ! c\nsels 
( ,m]cury ) hav+ caus$ ! ri*es ( ,plutus
 to fall into _!  c(f]s4    ,! beautiful
 /atue ( ,m]cury seat$ idly ) a sword   
gird$ at 8  side1 b trail+ on ! gr\nd1  
is well kn[n4 ,"h ano!r & mo/  p[]ful   
attribute ( ! god 0 sil5tly display$ =  
wor%ip 9 all  t conc]n$ ent]prises o!r  
?an comm]ce1 s9ce ! sword d5ot$  w>like 
exp$itions1 explorations1 & voyages1 & 0
 ! symbol (  rul]s1 ( soldi]s1 & ( m5 ( 
a class sup]ior to ri* m]*ants4         
,besides1 "u ! attribute ( ! sword1     
,m]cury 0 ! patron (  books1 & ( arts & 
crafts1 z well z ! enc\rag] ( le>n+4    
,gird$ ) ! ev]-ready sword1 pres5t$ to  
him = 8 wit &  und]/&+ by 8 fa!r1       
,jupit]1 ,m]cury 0 al]t to po9t out 9  !
 ,book ( ,fate ! initiative t %\ld be   
tak51 if success 0  desir$1 & also to   
adju/ qu>rels1 smoo? away /rife1 or heal
  diff]5ces4 ,"u ! emblem ( ! sword1    

,m]cury 0 an (t5-consult$  oracle4 ,!   
sword 7or lightn+7 0 also emblematic (  
,nebo4    ,! f\r? guise ( ,m]cury 0     
usually kept = s]i\s or sacr$ p]iods  ( 
life1 & 0 seldom se5 9 ! home1 z x 0    
res]v$ = m  grave positions4 ,aft]      
,m]cury gave up be+ ! cupbe>] ( ,olympus
 to  ! beautiful ,hebe he reta9$ ! badge
 ( (fice1 & ! cup (  ,h]mes rema9$ z "o 
( 8 attributes z a rem9d] ( ?is         
position4  ,to-day x is us$ at ,*ri/mas 
9 ,italy1 :5 pres5ts are plac$ 9        
,m]cury's cup = di/ribution in/ead ( be+
 hung on a tree1 z is !  m nor!rn cu/om4
 ,! sev5-r+$ cup 0 sacr$ to ,nebo z well
 z  to ,to?1 & ?is votive cup entw9$ )  
two s]p5ts--n[ 9 !  ,l\vre--prov$ t !   
,*alice & ! ,caduceus 7 always typical (
  ,nebo4    ,z ,*?onius1 ,m]cury 0      
always ! useful help] ( mank9d4 ,he     
presid$  at bir?1 :5 he record$ ! future
 ev5ts ( a *ild's life on !  tablet (   
fate1 z _h be5 done by 8 pr$ecessor1 !  
god ( !  ,babylonians1 ,nebo4 ,he also  
att5d$ ! dead1 :5 ! tablet 0 brok51     

7:i* 0 ,?o?'s p]ogative71 s he is       
allegorically repres5t$ on  fun]al urns1
 :]e he is se5 lead+ ,pros]p9e to ,hell4
 ,! vase has  be5 conv]t$ into "o (     
,m]cury's emblems on ! c>ds1 z ! ,cup or
  ,*alice4 ,_m ( ! beautiful ,etruscan  
vases 9 ! ,vatican %[ ,m]cury  )        
,pluto's reluctant wife4 ,p]haps ! mo/  
graceful ( /one pictures  on ?is subject
 is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :]e a female   
figure recl9es  on a c\*1 surr\nd$ by a 
gr\p ( m\rn]s1 & beh9d ! dy+ woman  /&s 
,m]cury1 pati5t & al]t1 ready to %[ !   
s\l to its b\rn4  ,! cup ( sacrifice is 
ov]turn$1 ! tablet is brok51 & ,m]cury's
  task is to guide h] _s c>efully &     
g5tly to ano!r sph]e4    ,"h1 !n1 are ! 
f\r attributes ( ,m]cury ?r\gh ^: aid he
 speaks  to m53 ! ,caduceus1 /ylus or   
magic w&2 ! ,co9 or r+1 emblem (        
et]nity2 ! ,sword1 & ! ,cup or *alice4  
,always depict$ z a y\?ful or1 p]haps1  
irresponsible man1 sometimes  describ$ z
 inconsequ5t1 volatile & light-he>t$1   
/ill ,m]cury 0  ! mo/ af=d+ & helpful ( 

all ! gods ( ,olympus1 & x 0 he  :o     
int]c$$ = m51 :o presid$ ov] bir?s &    
dea?s1 z well z  ov] love affairs1      
bus9ess1 & ! arts4 ,he 01 !re=e1        
consult$ at  e turn ( life--small wond] 
t 8 image 0 a priz$ ornam5t (  _! homes1
 "u "o ( 8 ?ree attributes1 or else ne> 
_! tombs  "u ! f\r?4    ,temples to     
,m]cury1 to ,?o?1 & ,nebo1 7 ! pr9cipal 
& mo/ ornate  ones t 7 built4 ,! great  
"o at ,babylon to ,nebo 0 call$         
,e-,sigalia4 ,he 0 wor%ipp$ z ! tablet  
writ] :o =etold fate4  ,!re is "o to    
,m]cury t is /ill 9 a fairly good /ate (
  pres]vation & is fir/ ( ! gr\p to !   
o!r gods ( ,olympus1 at  ,bai1 a t[n t5 
miles nor? ( ,naples 9 ,italy4 ,?is     
temple 0 probably  erect$ by ! ri*      
m]*ants ( ,rome1 ne> _! own beautiful   
villas1  t h r5d]$ ! place hi/orical4 ,!
 o!r temples are little m  ?an *>m+     
ru9s1 b t ( ,m]cury survives to rem9d u 
t  mutilat$ rites are /ill held 9 8     
hon\r 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1  al?\gh by     
p]sons :o h lo/ _! clue to ! orig9al    

int5tion (  ! cult t !y foll[4    ,x is 
probable t ! adjo9+ t[n ( ,pozzuoli 0 ! 
cradle (  ,play+ ,c>ds 9 ,europe1 = x 0 
"h t ! my/]ies ( !  ,egyptian god ,?o? 7
 taught by ! prie/s ( t cult4 ,close to 
!  edge ( ! wat] are ! ru9s ( ! va/     
temple ( ,osiris1 or ,s]apis1  call$ !  
,s]apeon4 ,"h ! /rang]s wor%ipp$1 :o l&$
 !re  ye>ly f ! ,nile1 f a va/ fleet :i*
 0 %elt]$ 9 ! bay (  ,bai4 ,its arrival 
0 h]ald$ by a numb] ( swift ya*ts t c\ld
 be  recogniz$ z !y pass$ ?r\gh ! n>r[  
/raits betwe5 ,capri & !  ma9l& )       
topsails fly+1 a privilege t 0 accord$  
to none b  ! visitors f ,alex&ria1 :o 7 
too p[]ful to (f5d & too  desirable n to
 conciliate4    ,! exports ( corn f     
,alex&ria 7 ( su* importance to ,italy t
  ! trade enjoy$ ! peculi> protection ( 
! ,/ate1 & !  ,alex&rian corn fleet1    
says ,m]ivale 7,roman ,empire1 ,volume  
,,iv1 page  #cib71 enjoy$ ! protection (
 a convoy ( w> galleys t 0 met by a     
deputation ( s5ators4    ,! visitors l&$
 at ,pozzuoli1 at ! spot :]e ,/4 ,paul  

disemb>k$  f ! ,ca/or & ,pollox1 9 a bay
 t %elt]$ m>9]s f ,spa91  ,s>d9ia1      
,elba1 ,cyprus & all ! great trad+ ports
 ( ,asia ,m9or1 !  isles ( ! gean ,sea  
&1 above all1 ,greece4 ,?is great c5tre 
receiv$  m]*&ise1 iron & f9e tools f !  
clev] workm5 ( ,elba1 &  gorge\s c>pets 
f ,pho5icia1 z well z ,egyptian goods & 
cults2 s  x 0 natural t :at 0 pres5t$ at
 ?is port %\ld also be  export$ f !re4  
,?us x 0 ) ! le>n+ & ! arts ( ,egypt  t 
7 taught by h] prie/s or initiates 9 !  
temple erect$ by !m  at ?is spot1 :i*   
po9ts to ! probability t _! great book 0
  f ?is c5tre scatt]$ ov] ,europe4      
,:at is n[ call$ ! ,s]apeon is "o ( !   
mo/ rem>kable ru9s 9  ,italy1 = ?r\gh "s
 volcanic action x 0 buri$ b5ea? ! sea 9
  ! twelf? c5tury dur+ ! la/ eruption ( 
! ,solfat>a1 reappe>+  aft] ano!r       
volcanic outbur/ 9 #aech4 ,x _h be5     
=gott5 =  c5turies1 b :5 ! fre% movem5t 
( t ev]-sway+ %ore made !  wat]s rec$e1 
! temple aga9 appe>$ above ! surface4   
,"s ( its  m>ble columns are /ill erect1

 al?\gh !y are honeycomb$ ) holes  made 
by a little bivalve t is /ill f\nd 9 !  
bay ( ,bai1 & 9  ^! p]=ations c\ntless (
 _! %ells c be se54 ,en\gh ( !  temple  
rema9s to record ! fact t ! ,egyptians 7
 num]\s &  prosp]\s on ! =eign %ore1 & x
 is probable t x 0 built #baa  ,b4 ,c41 
al?\gh _m /ud5ts ?9k its erection 0 ev5 
e>li]4    ,s]apis1 or ,osiris1 0        
wor%ipp$ z ,h]mes1 or ,m]cury1 by !     
,romans1  :i* wor%ip 0 introduc$ into ! 
neighb\r+ city ( ,rome by !  ,emp]or    
,anton9us ,pius1 9 ,a4 ,d4 #adf1 :i* may
 indicate ! date ( !  ,temple ( ,s]apis 
7,m]cury74    ,s]apis 0 ! god ( comm]ce1
 s 8 %r9e 0 enri*$ by !  m]*ants :o     
?rong$ to ! ev]-busy port4 ,x 0 probably
 aft] ?is  temple 7! orig9al home (     
,m]cury7 0 subm]g$1 t ! small] "o  0    
erect$ to him at ,bai4 ,! latt] 0 a     
fam\s m>9e wat]+ place  ( anci5t ,italy1
 p]*$ on an ind5tation ( ! we/]n %ore ( 
!  ,bay ( ,naples4 ,x is celebrat$ = !  
s(tness ( its climate1 & !  abundance ( 
its hot spr+s1 s x became fa%ionable    

ab\t ! era (  ,lucullus1 ! ru9s ( ^:    
magnific5t villa1 z well z ^? ( ,cs>1   
,pompey & ,augu/us1 /ill rema94 ,x 0 a  
fav\rite resort until !  invasion ( !   
b>b>ians "u ,!odoric ! ,go?4    ,horace 
alludes to ! palaces & temples ov]hang+ 
! sea1 b mo/ (  ^! h n[ fall5 into !    
wat]1 :]e beautiful columns may be se5  
b5ea? ! waves4    ,besides ^! luxuri\s  
homes1 & ! va/ temple ( ,s]apis t 0 s   
ne>1 !re rema9 ru9s ( a temple to       
,jupit]1 ano!r to ,v5us1 &  o!rs t are  
unid5tifi$4 ,b ! "o t rema9s 9 ! be/    
condition & /ate ( pres]vation is       
,m]cury's1 z ! dom$ ro(  protect$ x :5 !
 o!rs 7 de/roy$ by ! a%es f !  neighb\r+
 volcano4 ,! faade ( ! temple has be5   
remov$1 b "o  long vault$ hall rema9s4  
,x is n pi]c$ ) w9d[s1 & 0  probably    
int5d$ to be d>k1 = ! bett] p]petration 
( my/]ies4 ,on  ! ceil+ may be trac$    
oblong %ap$ pa9t+s1 m5 portray$ ^u !    
wall1 t are too mu* defac$ to id5tify1 b
 !y recall ! %ape  & approximate size ( 
! ,at\ts ( ! ,t>ots4 ,^! may be se5 at  

/at$ int]vals1 &1 :5 orig9ally plac$    
!re1 w\ld h  accommodat$ ! tw5ty-two    
,at\t c>ds rang$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y  are 
n[ numb]$4 ,x 0 suppos$ t ! emblematic  
figures repres5t+  ,osiris1 ,maut1 ,isis
 & o!r deities ) ! virtues1 vices1 love1
  m>riage1 dea?1 etc41 7 plac$ 9        
recesses or alcoves 9 ! ,egyptian       
temples1 b if ^! half-oblit]at$ figures 
9 ! temple at ,bai 7  int5d$ to repres5t
 ! ,at\ts1 a diff]5t plan 0 foll[$1 m l 
t m5tion$ 9 ,ezekiel xxiii3#ad4 ,x may h
 be5 t ! prie/s  foll[$ ! idea ( putt+ !
 figures on ! ceil+1 s t !y  might tea* 
_! foll[]s ! significance ( ! emblems :5
 x 0 no  long] wor? :ile to make my/]ies
 ( !m & to conceal !m4    ,beside !     
temple1 & op5+ f x1 is an inn] room t 0 
probably  once cov]$ by a ro(1 b t has  
fall51 & n[ ! space is only an  enclos$ 
c\rt4 ,9 ! c5tre rema9s :at might h be5 
a plat=m or  alt> :]e ! sacrifices (    
pigs or tongues1 & ( o!r ?+s  immolat$  
to ,m]cury1 7 made ye>ly at ! "t ( 8    
fe/ival1 on !  ?irte5? ( ,may4    ,pr(4 

,*>les ,an?on1 9 8 ,classical           
,diction>y1 :5 describ+  ,m]cury1 says3 
,m]curius 0 a celebrat$ god ( antiquity1
 call$ ,h]mes by ! ,greeks4  ,he 0 !    
mess5g] ( ! gods & ( ,jupit] 9 p>ticul>4
 ,he 0 !  god ( spee*1 ( eloqu5ce1 !    
patron ( orators1 ( m]*ants1 & (  all   
di%one/ p]sons1 p>ticul>ly ?ieves1 (    
travell]s1 & (  %eph]ds4 ,he also       
presid$ ov] highways & crossways1 &     
conduct$ !  s\ls ( ! dead to ! _w bel[1 
& x w\ld be ne>ly impossible to  discov]
 any?+ ab\t :i* ?is v]satile god c\ld n 
be consult$  ?r\gh 8 le>n$ prie/s1 :o _h
 be5 taught ! gift ( spee* f  him t !y  
transmitt$ to _! foll[]s4 ,! ,egyptians 
ascrib$ to  ,h]mes ! inv5tion ( lett]s1 
& ! ,greeks accr$it$ him ) _m  o!r      
important improvem5ts t made m5's lives 
happi] or bett]1 su*  z ! inv5tion ( !  
lyre1 z well z ! regulation ( comm]ce1 &
  ! improvem5t ( gymna/ic ex]cises1     
:ile1 by a /range p]v]sion !  ,greeks   
made ,h]mes ! protector ( ?ieves1 :51 9 
,egypt1 he 0 !  god ( m]*ants1 s t x may

 be possible t ! crafty god fav\r$  !   
p]son :o fir/ propitiat$ him or1 p]haps1
 ! highe/ bidd]4    ,m]cury 0 ! son (   
,jupit] by ! brighte/ ( ! ,pleiades1    
,maia1  h]self ! daught] ( ,atlas1 ,k+ (
 ,mauritania1 & ,pleione1 "o ( !        
,oceanides1 or ocean nymphs ^: "m 0     
,te?ys1 & fa!r1 ,oceanus4  ,su* di/+ui%$
 ance/ry may well h plac$ ! ev]-y\?ful  
,m]cury  among ! presid+ deities (      
,olympus1 ev5 if he _h n inh]it$ !      
mantle ( ! ,egyptian god ,?o?1 & ) x !  
gis ( ! god ( !  ,babylonians1 ,nebo1 :o
 0 ! arbit] ( ! fate ( mank9d4    ,8    
infancy 0 intru/$ to ! ,seasons1 :o c\ld
 n prev5t 8  /eal+ ! trid5t ( ,neptune1 
! girdle ( ,v5us1 ! sword ( ,m>s1  & !  
sceptre ( ,jupit]1 all ( :i* are        
display$ on ! old pip  c>ds1 ! sword &  
sceptre be+ two ( ! pips1 :ile ! girdle 
(  ,v5us encircles ! ,deuce ( ,money4   
,! +5i\s god pres5t$ ! lyre t he inv5t$ 
to ,apollo1 receiv+  9 ex*ange ! gold5  
?ree-leav$ rod1 call$ by ! poets ,aurea 
virga4 ,x 0 repres5t$ z a w& ( laurel1  

or olive1 ) two da9ty  w+s on "o end1 & 
entw9$ ) two s]p5ts1 ! :ole emblematical
  ( _m ?+s besides peace1 or a flag (   
truce1 = :i* x 0  g5]ally us$4 ,?is rod 
entw9$ ) s]p5ts is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t    
symbols & is f\nd on a vase discov]$ 9  
,babylonia t is suppos$ to  h be5 us$   
#bcej ,b4 ,c4 ,ano!r device %[$ ! /aff  
w\nd ) ropes  ti$ aft] a peculi> fa%ion1
 & :5 s depict$ ! caduceus  repres5t$   
comm]ce & m]*ants1 s9ce ! rope ti$ aft] 
a c]ta9  fa%ion 0 ! tok5 ( ! ,pho5ician 
trad]s4 ,?is is reta9$ on !  ,ace (     
,/icks 9 ! ,t>ot pack4 ,:5 ! caduceus 0 
w\nd ) /ripes  ( r$ & :ite x repres5t$  
surgeons1 or ! heal+ arts2 &1 z has  be5
 m5tion$1 is s display$ on b>b]s' poles 
to-day4 ,! /ick w\nd  9 ?is way also    
repres5t$ bir?1 &1 set be=e ! door1 0 a 
tok5  ( ,m]cury's rec5t visit c>ry+ a   
babe f ,juno to its p>5ts4 ,!  caduceus 
s]v$ ,m]cury z a h]ald's /aff1 & ?is "n 
0 sometimes  appli$ to ! :ite w& or rod 
t 9 "t ( w> 0 reg>d$ z a  signal =      
peace4    ,! w+s ( ,m]cury typify !     

planet nam$ = him1 t is s fa/ t  x      
completes its revolution ar\nd ! sun 9 a
 little less ?an ?ree  mon?s4 ,he is    
connect$ ) ! old ,israeliti% leg5d1     
ref]r$ to 9  ,ezekiel ix3#b1 :]e ,nebo  
is "o ( ! sev5 planets4    ,! important 
place giv5 to ! rod 9 ! ,bible mu/ n be 
ov]look$4  ,x is closely connect$ ) !   
arr[ ( primitive peoples1 t 0 us$  n    
only = w> or ! *ase1 b s]v+ also to     
asc]ta9 ! wi%es (  ! gods1 = :5 a bundle
 ( arr[s 0 ca/ to ! gr\nd f a quiv]  or 
! h&1 accord+ to c]ta9 well-kn[n laws1  
!y indicat$ !  wi%es ( ! div9e p[] by ! 
direction 9 :i* !y fell4 ,?is is        
recall$ 9 ,j]emiah1 9 ! /ory ( ,jona?an 
& ,david1 besides 9 _m  o!r in/ances4   
,x 0 a natural sequ5ce t ,m]cury1 :o _h 
inh]it$ ! tablet (  fate f ,nebo ( !    
,babylonians1 %\ld also h receiv$ ! w& (
  ! magi t1 :5 ca/ be=e ! ,ph>aoh by 8  
wise m51 0 able to  swall[ ! s]p5ts t   
sprang f ! rod ( ,moses4 ,! rod1 :5 us$ 
z a sceptre1 has o!r & important        
significances1 & is "o ( !  *ief signs (

 a rul]'s position & p[]4    ,m]cury 0 !
 mo/ active & useful ( all ! gods1 ow+  
to 8  temp]am5t1 & no ev5t or c]emony 0 
und]tak5 )\t seek+ 8  advice4 ,he _h _m 
names "u :i* 8 good (fices 7 invok$1 su*
  z ,argiphontes1 or ! slay] ( ,argus1  
:5 he repres5t$ w>riors4 ,!n  he 0 call$
 ,*?onius1 or he :o guides ! dead2 :5   
?us  repres5t$ he is g5]ally seat$ & is 
)\t sword1 caduceus1 or  purse4 ,ano!r  
"n = him 0 ,agoneus1 ! patron ( gymna/ic
  ex]cises1 ( comm]ce1 & ( executive    
ability4    ,sometimes ,m]cury is       
repres5t$ 9 8 bir?day suit1 at o!rs ) a 
*lamys or cloak envelop+ him1 ! petasus 
or w+$ cap on 8 head1  ! tal>ia1 or w+$ 
s&als1 on 8 heels1 be>+ ! caduceus al(t4
  ,anci5t repres5tations ( ,m]cury 7    
simple wood5 po/s1 ! t]m9als  c>v$ ) a  
rude head we>+ a be>d1 :i* 7 ! orig9al  
signpo/s4    ,pr(essor ,an?on says3     
,h]mes may 9 "s degree be reg>d$ z a    
p]sonification ( ! ,egyptian prie/hood4 
,x is 9 ?is s5se1  !re=e1 t he is reg>d$
 z ! confidant ( ! gods1 _!  mess5g]1 ! 

int]pret] ( _! decrees1 ! g5ius :o      
presides ov]  sci5ce1 ! conductor ( s\ls
 to ! realms ( bliss4    ,"o ( !        
,egyptian names = ,m]cury1 :5 he comb9$ 
_m attributes (  ,osiris & o!r deities1 
0 ,?o?1 :i*1 accord+ to ,jablonski's    
,pan!on gypt1 signifies an assembly     
compos$ ( sages & educat$  p]sons1 !    
sac]dotal college ( a city or temple4   
,pr(essor ,an?on  says3 ,?us !          
collective prie/hood ( ,egypt1 p]sonifi$
 & consid]$  z a unity1 0 repres5t$ by  
an imag9>y be+ to :om 0 ascrib$ !       
inv5tion ( languages & writ+1 h5ce !    
sacrifice ( tongues to  ,m]cury4 ,he 0  
also cr$it$ ) ! orig9 ( geometry1       
ari?metic1  a/ronomy1 m$ic9e1 music1    
rhy?m1 ! in/itution ( religion & sacr$  
processions1 ! introduction ( gymna/ic  
or heal?-giv+ ex]cises1  &1 f9ally1 !   
less indisp5sable1 ?\gh n less valuable1
 arts (  ar*itecture1 sculpture & pa9t+4
 ,s _m volumes 7 attribut$ to  him t no 
human be+ c\ld possibly h compos$ !m4   
,= _m ye>s x 0 cu/om>y = ! prie/s devot$

 to 8 s]vice to  pres5t ! results ( _!  
lab\rs to ,?o?1 receiv+ no rew>d or     
glory = ! individual "w1 :i* 0 turn$ to 
! advantage ( !  :ole sac]dotal         
association 9 be+ ascrib$ to its presid+
 g5ius1  :o1 by 8 d\ble figure1 indicat$
 ! necessity = a plural doctr9e1  ( :i* 
! int]pretation 0 conf9$ entirely to 8  
initiates1 or  prie/s1 :o translat$ !   
occult signs ( ! gods or ! le>n+        
entru/$ to _! c>e to ! inquir]s1 :o     
frequ5t$ ! temples to  receive k or     
directions 9 ! mat]ial walks ( life :i* 
!y  7 taught to believe 0 transmitt$ by 
! oracle to ord9>y mortals  by ! prie/s 
( ,?o?1 :o alone und]/ood ! pa9t$ or    
writt5  signs4    ,besides ! arts &     
crafts be=e m5tion$ z be+ "u !          
protection  ( ! ,egyptian god1 0 !      
important "o ( comm]ce4 ,?is 9 l  mann]1
 says ,pr(essor ,an?on1 0 int5d$ to     
express ! influ5ce (  ! prie/hood on    
comm]cial ent]prises4    ,! id5tity (   
,h]mes ) ! ,dog ,/>1 ,sirius1 t s]ves z 
precursor ( ! inundation ( ! ,nile1 !   

emblem ( :i*1 says !  same au?ority1 0 !
 gazelle t flies to ! des]t on ! ris+ ( 
! wat]s1 8 rank 9 demonology z ! fa!r ( 
spirits & guide (  ! dead1 8 quality (  
inc>nate godhead1 & 8 cosmogonical      
alliance  ) ! g5]ative fire1 ! light1 ! 
s\rce ( all k1 & )  wat]1 ! pr9ciple (  
fecundity4 ,x is surpris+1 h[ev]1 to    
obs]ve  h[ /rangely ! ,grecian _s       
modifi$ ! ,egyptian ,h]mes1 :o 0        
trans=m$ by ! ,greeks into ! mess5g] or 
int]pret] ( ! wi%es  ( o!rs :o 7 m      
p[]ful ?an himself1 b n omnipot5t1 z !  
,egyptian my?ology reg>d$ him4    ,?is  
is se5 9 ! my/ic portions ( ! e>ly      
,orphic or ,hom]ic hymns1  :]e ,h]mes is
 treat$ q diff]5tly ?an is done 9 !     
,iliad or !  ,odyssey4 ,! e>lie/ records
 ( ,h]mes recall all ! peculi> qualities
  ( ! ,egyptian ,h]mes1 & sometimes ev5 
! /range leg5ds ( !  ,h9doo ,avat>s1 z  
well z ! ,babylonian ,nebo4 ,"o ( !     
,h9doo gods  be>s ! same emblems t are  
devot$ to ,m]cury1 namely3 ! ,cup1 !    
,sword1 ! ,/aff1 & ! ,r+1 ,co91 or      

,circle2 b a /rik+ diff]5ce  is not$ :5 
,h]mes is adopt$ by ! ,romans1 :o ev5   
*ang$ 8 "n  z well z 8 *>act]i/ics1     
al?\gh reta9+ 8 di/+ui%+  m>ks or       
emblems4    ,! ,romans1 says ,pr(essor  
,an?on1 fir/ receiv$ ! sac]dotal        
,h]mes1 ^: wor%ip _h be5 br\ght into    
,etruria by ! ,pelasgi1  previ\s to ! "t
 ( ,hom]1 &1 z ! e>li] ,h]mes _h be5    
repres5t$ by a column1 he became ) !m ! 
god ,t]m9us4 ,:51  h[ev]1 ! ,romans     
became acqua9t$ ) ! twelve great deities
 ( !  ,a!nians1 !y adopt$ ! ,grecian    
,h]mes "u ! "n ( ,m]cury1  pres]v+ at ! 
same "t ! remembrance ( _! previ\s      
traditions  & jumbl+ ! attributes ( !   
,egyptian god ,?o? ) t ( !  ,grecian    
,h]mes4    ,b1 9 ord] to make ?is       
fav\rite god ( use1 x 0 necess>y to     
approa* him ?r\gh 8 own prie/s1 ! only  
p]sons :o 7 initiat$  into 8 my/]ies &  
:o c\ld int]pret !m4 ,s9ce ^! prie/s 7  
already e/abli%$ & _h be5 = "s "t 9     
,italy1 9 ! great  temple ( ,s]apeon1 x 
is easy to see h[ ! cult engag$ !       

att5tion  ( ! p1 & h[ readily x absorb$ 
! new-fa%ion$ god :o  /ray$ !re f s _m  
diff]5t qu>t]s4          ,,*apt] ,,iv   
,,?o?      ,! great au?ority on mod]n   
,egyptian discov]ies1 ,m4 ,ga/on        
,masp]o1  says 9 8 book1 ,anci5t ,sites 
& ,mod]n ,sc5es3 ,on ! outskirts (      
,!bes !re are ru9s t lie to ! nor? ( !  
,valley ( ,k+s4 ,!  temple 0 built or   
re/or$ 9 ! la/ ye>s ( ! sev5?1 or 9 !   
fir/ ye>s ( ! six?1 c5tury ,b4 ,c4 to   
,?o?1 ! ma/] ( magic &  lett]s2 ! god :o
 0 ! scribe & ! magician ( ! gods4      
,?is my/]i\s b p[]ful god rank$ high 9 !
 ,egyptian cosmogony &  ! rema9s ( 8    
wor%ip fl\ri% to-day among ! vot>ies ( !
 c>d  table1 :o1 h[ev]1 no long] consult
 him z ! oracle1 b use 8 book  = _!     
amusem5t or pleasure4    ,dur+ ! ,roman 
p]iod1 f #ebg ,b4 ,c4 to #ccb ,b4 ,c41 t
 0 call$ !  ,egyptian r5aissance1 says  
,mr4 ,rawl9son 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t    
,egypt 7,volume ,,ii1 page #ejb71 ,asia 
p\r$ ! fetid /ream ( h]  wond]ful       
sup]/itions into ,africa4 ,! exorcisms (

 ,?o? & ! p[]s  ( wit*craft 9 league )  
him are ! favorite !mes :i* cov] !      
poli%$ surfaces ( ! monum5ts at ?is     
rem>kable "t4 ,& on page  #dfe1 ,asiatic
 ,greeks became 9 ! reign ( ,psammet*as 
7ab\t #faj ,b4 ,c47  close to ! ?rone4  
,consequ5tly1 free communication &      
comm]cial  int]c\rse betwe5 ,egypt &    
,europe 7 op5$4 ,?is rul] 0 devot$  to  
art1 ar*itecture & adv5ture1 & "o ( !   
inv5tions ( 8 reign  0 ! en*orial or    
demotic writ+ :i* sup]s$$ ! hi]atic4    
,?is  0 attribut$ to ! prie/s ( ,?o?1 ^?
 wise m5 :o s\ght no  p]sonal glory1 b  
:o cont5t$ !mselves ) plac+ _! works at 
! feet ( _! presid+ g5ius & attribut+ _!
 own discov]ies  to him4    ,)\t        
discuss+ :e!r ! ,assyrian god ,nebo     
absorb$ ! ,egyptian  ,?o?1 or ! rev]se1 
we may conc$e t su* /rong simil>ities   
exi/  betwe5 !m t !y are virtually !    
same4 ,) simil> h]aldic  symbols &      
functions1 !y 7 ! inv5tors ( _m useful  
arts1 t  ( writ+ always be+ attribut$ to
 bo?4 ,besides1 bo? gods 7  suppos$ to h

 ! p[] ( record+ ! fate ( mank9d at     
bir?1 &  bo? presid$ at ! judgm5t ( s\ls
 aft] dea?4    ,! ibis-head$ ,?o? 0 also
 symboliz$ by a /ylus & ink/&1 &  0 (t5 
t]m$ ! ,scribe1 j z ,nebo 0 call$ !     
,writ]1 &  _h = 8 device a /ylus &      
ink/&4 ,a mon? 0 d$icat$ to ea*1  t (   
,?o? be+ ! fir/ 9 ! ,egyptian cal5d>1 or
 our ,septemb]4  ,its symbol 0 a rev]s$ 
cresc5t ) ?ree lotus fl[]s1 "u :i*  7   
two aspects ( ! moon1 z full & z a      
cresc5t4 ,"o _c b  wond] if ! arti/ic   
,egyptians1 :ile adopt+ ! cunei=m       
*>act]s  :i* resemble long %afts )      
rev]s$ triangles on top1 did n alt]  !  
l9es & conv]t ! arr[ head ( ,nebo's     
inv5tion into !  graceful fl[]1 ?us     
reta9+ ! orig9al conception ( ! symbol (
  ! ,assyrian god1 :ile /amp+ x ) _! own
 love ( ! beautiful4    ,! tablet (     
,khufu at ,wady ,mag>ah %[s ,?o? be>+ 9 
8 "r h&  a sceptre 7"o ( ! designs ( !  
,t>ot pack74 ,?is rod has ?ree          
triangles on x t resemble ! cunei=m     
*>act]s1 :i* is c]ta9ly  n accid5tal4   

,! "n ( ,?o? is writt5 h]aldically z an 
ibis /&+ on a p]*  7:i* 9 %ape aga9     
recalls ! cunei=m7 foll[$ by a cresc5t &
  ! two oblique l9es commonly us$ to    
express ! numb] "o4    ,! pr9cipal      
lik5esses ( ! great gods ( ,egypt seem  
to be repres5t$  9 ! ,at\ts ( ! ,t>ot   
pack ( c>ds1 call$ ,! ,book ( ,?o?      
,h]mes  ,trismegi/us1 = ! sun1 moon1    
sev5 />s1 etc41 are all among !  ,at\ts4
 ,mr4 ,rawl9son 7,hi/ory ( ,anci5t      
,egypt1 page #cae7 gives !  names ( !   
gods1 & ! qualities = :i* !y 7 wor%ipp$1
  rev]$ or dread$1 z foll[s3            
,,num or ,,kneph--! creative m9d4       
,,ph?ah--! creative h&4                 
,,maut--matt]4        ,,ra--! sun4      
,,khons--! moon4        ,,seb--! e>?4   
,,khem--! g5]ative p[] 9 nature4        
,,nut--! upp] hemisph]e 9 heav54        
,,a?or--! l[] _w4        ,,?o?--div9e   
wisdom4        ,,ammon--div9e           
my/]i\sness4        ,,osiris--div9e     
goodness4    ,all knew t !re 0 b "o god1
 b ^! 7 ! int]c$]s4    ,on page #cgj ( 8

 book1 ,mr4 ,rawl9son says3 ,?o? 0 !    
oracle or !  cl]k 7record]7 ( ! wi%es ( 
! div9e circle1 :o be>s z insignia  a   
palm bran* or a /ylus1 & (t5 a tablet4  
,sometimes he c>ries !  ,crook ,head$   
,sceptre4 ,8 titles 7 ,"l ( ,ses5nu &   
,"l ( ,tru?4  ,he is call$ "o ( ! *ief  
gods--! ,great ,god--! ,god ,twice      
,great--! ,great ,*ief 9 ! pa?s ( !     
dead--! ,self-creat$ or  ,nev]born--!   
,"l ( ,div9e ,words--& ! ,scribe (      
,tru?4    ,?o? 0 (t5 repres5t$ "u two   
diff]5t =ms1 e>?ly &  inf]nal1 or z ,?o?
 9 ! ,h\se ( ,selection1 & ,?o? at !    
,balance  ( ,s\ls4 ,z ! god :o took "p 9
 ! judgm5t ( ! dead ,?o? 0  rev]$       
?r\gh\t ,egypt & x is writt5 ( him3 ,all
 ,eyes are op5 on  !e & all m5 wor%ip !e
 z a god4    ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly       
,,italian ,,t>ots    ,c\rt ,c>ds ( !    
,pip ,"p ( ! ,pack        #be ,que5 (   
,rods        #bf ,que5 ( ,swords        
#bg ,que5 ( ,money        #bh ,k+ (     
,rods        #bi ,k+ ( ,swords          
#cj ,k+ ( ,money    ,ox51 c[s & geese 7 

sacrific$ 9 8 hon\r & ! ibis ) !        
cynocephal\s ape 7 sacr$ to him4 ,v _m  
images ( him are f\nd  t %[ him 9       
att5dance on diff]5t k+s1 ei!r purify+  
!m or  inscrib+ _! names on ! sacr$     
tree4 ,8 spiritual (fice 0 to be  pres5t
 9 ,am5ti :5 s\ls 7 to be judg$1 to see 
_! de$s weigh$  9 ! balance & record !  
results4 ,?is is recall$ 9 ! ,at\t (  ! 
,t>ot pack1 nam$ ,ju/ice4 ,?o? also     
reveals to m5 ! w ( !  gods4 ,he        
composes ! ,ritual = ! ,dead1 t great "w
 t is s  frequ5tly f\nd b\nd 9 ! %r\ds (
 mummies1 to in/ruct ! s\l h[  to       
conduct itself 9 ! _w ( spirits4 ,x is  
also ,?o? :o1 9 !  realms bel[1 writes =
 good s\ls ) 8 own f+]s ! ,book (       
,respirations1 :i* protects1 su/a9s1 &  
enlight5s !m1 caus+ !m  to brea! ) !    
s\ls ( ! gods = ev] & ev]4    ,?o? _h   
?ree great colleges1 at ,!bes1 at       
,memphis1 & at ,heliopolis1  :]e he 0   
wor%ipp$ by prie/esses z well z by      
prie/s1 & !re  are _m records ( !       
progno/ications ( ! =m]4 ,if !          

supposition  is correct t ! gypsies are 
desc5d$ f ! outca/s ( ! temple  ( ,?o?1 
ne> ,naples 7! ,s]apeon71 :5 t build+ 0 
ov]?r[n by  an e>?quake1 x may be not$ t
 9 ! tribe ! wom5 are !  pr9cipal       
soo?say]s1 :ile ! m5 g5]ally pursue o!r 
occupations4    ,k+ ,%afra1 :o built !  
,second ,pyramid1 m>ri$ ! daught] (     
,m]i-,aukhs4 ,h] tomb at ,sacc>ah be>s  
an inscription /at+ t %e 0  a ,prie/ess 
( ,?o?1 & h] son 0 call$ a sacr$ scribe4
 ,f !  "t ( ,%afra1 scribes are         
frequ5tly repres5t$ z seat$ or squatt+  
at "w1 ) a p5 or bru% 9 ! "r h& & "o or 
two tuck$  beh9d ! e>1 :ile ! left h&   
holds ! pap] or a palette4    ,! fir/ & 
greate/ ( ! build]s ( ! pyramids1 says  
,mr4  ,rawl9son1 0 ,khufu or ,*eops4 ,he
 compos$ a religi\s "w call$ !  ,sacr$  
,book4 ,he 0 a great admir] & wor%ipp] (
 ,?o?1 :o is  repres5t$ ) him on ! rock 
pictures4    ,closely copy+ ! ,assyrian 
k+s1 :o plac$ !mselves "u !  protection 
( _! gods1 notably t ( ,nebo1 by adopt+ 
_! names1  sev]al ( ! ,ph>aohs call$    

!mselves ,?o?mes1 mean+ *ild (  ,?o?4 ,!
 ?ird rul] ( t "n1 :o has be5 call$ !   
,alex&] (  ,egyptian hi/ory1 raid$ !    
he>t ( ,we/]n ,asia1 go+ z f> z         
,n9eveh4 ,he 0 wise z well z valiant1 & 
not$ all novelties 9 !  l&s ?r\gh :i* he
 pass$1 :i* he aft]w>ds s\ght to        
introduce  into 8 own c\ntry4 ,! two    
obelisks kn[n z ,cleopatra's ,ne$les 7  
orig9ally set up at ,heliopolis1 "o ( ! 
temples ( ,?o?1 by ,?o?mes  ,,iii4 ,!y 7
 transport$ to ,alex&ria & aft]w>ds     
c>ri$ to ,london  & ,new ,york1 s !     
g5ius ( play+ c>ds /ill presides at !   
two  great _w c5tres1 :]e c>ds are a    
fav\rite amusem5t4    ,! prie/s ( ,?o? 7
 said to h desc5d$ 9 a direct l9e f     
fa!r to son = ?ree hundr$ & =ty-five    
g5]ations4 ,?is habit is  ano!r "o      
common to gypsies1 :o r>ely m>ry any b  
_! own p4  ,to ! prie/s ( ! temple (    
,?o? _m books call$ ,h]metic 7  ascrib$ 
t 7 s d$icat$ to ! hon\r ( ! god t ! "n 
(  ! writ] is m]g$ into 84 ,m4 ,masp]o  
m5tions an ,egyptian romance  t         

describes ! adv5tures ( a family ( gho/s
 :o 7 liv+ )  _! mummies 9 a tomb light$
 by a wond]ful talisman1 :i* 0 an       
incantation writt5 on papyrus by ,?o?   
himself4 ,ano!r "w 0  p>ticul>ly full ( 
wisdom & sci5ce1 conta9+ 9 x ev]y?+     
relat+ to ! f[ls ( ! air1 ! fi%es ( !   
sea1 & !  f\r-foot$ bea/s ( ! m\nta9s4  
,! man :o knew a s+le page (  ! book    
c\ld *>m ,heav51 ,e>?1 ! great ,abyss1  
,m\nta9s & ,seas4  ,?is m>vell\s        
composition ,?o? enclos$ 9 a box ( gold1
 :i* he  plac$ )9 a box ( silv]1 )9 a   
box ( ivory & ebony1 & t  aga9 )9 a box 
( bronze1 )9 a box ( brass1 )9 a box (  
iron2  & ! book ?us gu>d$ he ?rew into !
 ,nile at ,coptos4 ,! act became  kn[n1 
& ! box 0 se>*$ = & f\nd4 ,x gave its   
possessor va/  k & magical p[]1 b always
 br\ght mis=tune on him4 ,"o (  ! books 
( ,?o? consi/s ( magical texts1 & ,mr4  
,rawl9son says3 ,!  belief 9 magic 0    
widely spread among ! ,egyptians1 & !   
behe/s (  ! prie/s 7 obey$ ) confid5ce  
t1 :e!r !y turn$ out well  or badly = ! 

inquir]1 !y _h be5 =etold at bir?4 ,!   
fatalism  ( ! ,nor? ,africans is too    
well kn[n to be disput$1 = !y accept    
mis=tune b[+ ! head & say+3 ',x is ! w (
 ,allah4' ,?is is  ! inh]itance ( ages4 
,! prie/s expla9$ to ! inquir] into !   
div9e wi%es ! comm&s  ( ! god1 & !n     
inscrib$ !m on p>*m5t or "s conv5i5t    
mat]ial4 ,^! records 7 ei!r hung ar\nd !
 neck or b\nd on !  arm4 ,! ignorant    
folk consid]$ t ^! amulets w\ld pres]ve 
!m  f all evil4 ,?is practice is obs]v$ 
to ! pres5t day by memb]s (  diff]5t    
religi\s cults4 ,"o amulet has be5      
translat$3 ,?\ art  protect$ aga9/ !    
accid5ts ( life4 ,?\ art protect$ aga9/ 
a  viol5t dea?4 ,?\ art protect$ aga9/  
fire4 ,?\ escape/ 9 ,heav5  & ?\ art n  
ru9$ ^u ,e>?4 ,su* a valuable insurance 
aga9/  e evil dur+ life or dea? mu/ h   
be5 well wor? a h&some fee  to ! prie/  
:o issu$ x4    ,l5ormant1 9 8 ,manual   
7,volume ,i1 page #eaf71 says3 ,x is    
rem>kable  t ! ,ritual ( ! ,dead 7!     
,egyptian "n = :i* 0 ,manife/ation  (   

,light1 or ! ,book ,reveal+ ,light to ! 
,s\l7 is accompani$ by  pictures :i* =m 
! ess5tial portion ( x4 ,s ! ,book (    
,?o?  ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 or ! ,t>ots1 
is compos$ ( pictures t c only  be      
deciph]$ by initiates4 ,! ,ritual ( !   
,dead claim$ to be a  revelation f ,?o? 
,h]mes1 :o ?r\gh x decl>$ ! w ( ! gods  
& ! my/]i\s nature ( div9e ?+s to       
mank9d4 ,portions ( x are  expressly    
/at$ to h be5 writt5 by ! f+] ( ,?o?1 & 
o!r  p>ts to h be5 ! composition ( ! god
 himself4 ,x 0 held 9 su*  high e/eem t 
portions ( x 7 plac$ 9 c(f9s4 ,! ,ritual
 has  be5 divid$ into ?ree sections4    
,!re are pray]s = ! dead1 & a  long     
*apt] t has be5 said to conta9 !        
,egyptian ,fai?4 ,?is  cre$ is foll[$ by
 a s]ies ( pray]s1 & spells1 & fam\s    
*apt]  7cxxv7 describ+ ! seat ( judgm5t 
kn[n z ! ,hall ( ,two ,tru?s4  ,"h !    
deceas$ is br\ght be=e ,osiris z supreme
 judge4 ,! latt] is  seat$ on a l(ty    
?rone1 surr\nd$ by =ty-two ,assessors1  
ea* ( :om  addresses ! dead p]son 9     

turn1 & to ea* he decl>es 8 innoc5ce  ( 
crime or s91 say+1 ,i h n blasphem$4 ,i 
h n deceiv$4 ,i  h n /ol54 ,i h n sla9  
any "o4 ,i h n be5 cruel4 ,i h  n caus$ 
di/urbance4 ,i h n be5 idle4 ,i h n be5 
drunk54 ,i  h n be5 indiscreetly curi\s4
 ,i h n multipli$ words 9  speak+4 ,i h 
/ruck no "o4 ,i h caus$ fe> to no "o4 ,i
 h  sl&]$ no "o4 ,i h n eat5 my he>t    
?r\gh envy4 ,i h n  revil$ ! face ( ! k+
 nor ! face ( my fa!r4 ,i h n made      
false accusations4 ,i h n kept milk f ! 
m\?s ( suckl+s4 ,i  h n caus$ abortion4 
,i h n ill-us$ my slaves4 ,i h n kill$  
sacr$ bea/s4 ,i h n defil$ ! riv]4 ,i h 
n pollut$ myself4 ,i  h n tak5 ! clo!s (
 ! dead4 ,a dead p]son is always spok5 (
  z ,an ,osiris1 or ,he sleeps 9        
,osiris4    ,egyptian writ+ 0 ( ?ree    
di/9ct k9ds1 kn[n z ,hi]oglyphic1       
,hi]atic & ,demotic or ,en*orial4 ,!re  
is b little diff]5ce betwe5  ! ,hi]atic 
& ! ,demotic4 ,! =m] is ! e>li] ( ! two1
 b  0 ne>ly lo/ 9 ! ,demotic1 :i*1      
accord+ to ,l5ormant1 0  introduc$ ab\t 

! sev5? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & rapidly       
sup]s$$ !  ,hi]atic1 be+ simpl]4 ,bo? 7 
writt5 f left to "r4    ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t
 t ! wor%ip ( ,nebo1 9 ,babylonia1 & (  
,?o?1 9 ,egypt1 0 mo/ important1 s x is 
probable t ! prie/s1  :o 7 ! le>n$ &    
sci5tific m5 ( ! day1 !n recon/ruct$ !  
art ( writ+ & s e>n$ = _! patrons !     
hon\r ( be+ gods (  writ+1 al?\gh !     
/ylus & ! title ( ! ,writ] _h be5 born  
= _m c5turies4    ,pasmmeti*as1 k+ (    
,sais1 :o1 z has be5 already m5tion$1   
f\ght !  ,assyrians1 mu/ h be5 a mo/    
intellig5t p]son1 = dur+ 8 reign1  says 
,mr4 ,rawl9son 7page #dfe71 a "q 0 rais$
 z to ! relative  antiquity ( diff]5t   
races ( mank9d4 ,!re=e ! ,ph>aoh _h two 
*ildr5 isolat$ f _! species & br\ght up 
by a h]dsman :o 0  dumb1 & suckl$ by a  
goat1 9 ord] to see :at language !y w\ld
  speak1 presum+ t !y w\ld rev]t to !   
primitive type ( spee*4  ,! result ( 8  
exp]im5t 0 ?\ght to prove ! ,phrygians  
to be !  mo/ anci5t nation1 & !         
,egyptians1 we are told by ,h]odotus1   

accept$  x z an e/abli%$ fact4    ,?o? 0
 rev]$ z a great tea*]1 s9ce 8 works    
treat$ ( all  ?+s1 su* z ! creation ( ! 
_w1 ( div9e p[]1 ( wisdom1 (  ! art (   
presag+ ! issue ( maladies by means ( ! 
planets4 ,!  "w treat+ on ?is 0 d$icat$ 
to ,ammon4 ,!n !re 7 !  ,aphorisms (    
,h]mes1 :i* consi/$ ( a/ronomical       
propositions  translat$ f ! ,arabic ab\t
 ! "t ( ,manfr$1 k+ ( ,sicily4 ,!       
,cyranides ( ,trismegi/us treats ( magic
 p[] & ! m$ic9al virtues  ( preci\s     
/ones1 ( plants1 & ( animals4 ,_m ( !   
o!r books (  ,?o? are treatises on      
*emi/ry or al*emy4 ,"o is call$ ,! ,sev5
  ,seals ( ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 ano!r1  
,*emical ,t9ctures1 & a ?ird1  ,!       
,em]ald ,tablet1 describ+ ! art ( mak+  
gold4 ,x is said t  ,s>a1 ! wife (      
,abraham1 f\nd ! ,em]ald 9 ! tomb (     
,h]mes1 on  ,m\nt ,hebron4 ,"o essay is 
to ,tat or ,esculapius1 ano!r is entitl$
 ,!  ,virg9 ( ! ,_w1 z ,isis is         
sometimes call$1 & is a dialogue  betwe5
 h] & h] son ,horus4    ,_m small /atues

 7 f\nd 9 a well 9 ! temple ( ! ,sph9x1 
t  may h orig9ally repres5t$ ! gods n[  
f\nd among ! ,at\ts4 ,?is  w\ld be a mo/
 valuable confirmation ( ! !ory ( _!    
orig9al  position 9 ! temple :5 ! prie/s
 & initiates wi%$ to consult  ! occult4 
,9 an age :5 lett]s 7 only us$ by !     
le>n$1 & pictur$ emblems  or symbols    
took ! place ( an alphabet1 x 0 natural 
t ! prie/s  ( ,?o?1 :5 press$ to div9e !
 fate ( m51 %\ld place sket*es (  !     
great gods on ! walls ( _! temples1 s t1
 by comb9+ !m  ) ! rods ( div9ation1 !  
wi%es ( ! supreme be+s c\ld be  easily  
convey$4 ,! cu/om ( adorn+ ! walls ( !  
temple is  ref]r$ to 9 ,ezekiel         
xxiii3#ad4 ,%e saw m5 p\rtray$ ^u !     
wall1  ! images ( ! ,*aldeans 7or ,nebo 
& 8 confrres7 p\rtray$ )  v]milion1     
girdl$ ) girdles ^u _! lo9s1 exce$+ 9   
dy$ attire  ^u _! heads1 all ( !m pr9ces
 to look to1 aft] ! mann] ( !           
,babylonians ( ,*aldea4 ,?is 0 possibly 
! orig9 ( ! ,t>ots1 or  ! ,at\t volume (
 ! ,book ( ,?o?4          ,,*apt] ,v    

,,nebo1 ,,or ,,nabu      ,a great       
,*aldean god 0 ,nebo1 m5tion$ 9 ,isaiah 
xlvi3#a1 ,bel b[e?  d[n1 ,nebo /oope?1 &
 he _h an imm5se influ5ce ov] ! lives ( 
! ,assyrians & ,babylonians1 ext5d+ ov] 
c5turies4 ,9 primitive  times no?+ 0    
und]tak5 )\t an attempt to consult !    
wi%es (  ! sup]ior gods1 & x is int]e/+ 
to trace ?r\gh ! tablets on  :i* are    
inscrib$ ! wond]ful cunei=m             
inscriptions1 discov]$ &  deciph]$ dur+ 
! pa/ fifty ye>s1 h[ ! p 7 taught by  _!
 prophets or prie/s to consult !        
pr$e/9ations ( ,nebo1 :o  inscrib$ at   
bir? :at w\ld befall ea* p]son dur+     
life4 ,nebo _h  _m names or             
designations4 ,he 0 call$               
,laghlaghghi-,g>1 or illum9ator2        
,gi%d>1 or god ( ! sceptre2 ,ilu-ta%mit1
 or god ( revelations2 &  ! sp\se (     
,ta%mit2 8 "n signifies ,proclaim]      
,h]ald 9 ,assyrian1  & ,height 9        
,hebrew4    ,nebo1 call$ ,nabu by !     
,babylonians1 0 ! son ( ,enlil1 or      
,m>duk1 !  ,m]oda* ( ! ,bible 7,j]emiah 

l3#b71 :o became m]g$ 9 ! ,jupit] (  !  
,romans4 ,nebo 0 ! husb& ( ,ta%mitum1 or
 ,ta%mit1 or ,ta%metu1  sometimes call$ 
,erna4 ,h] "n is translat$ z signify+   
revelation1  %e :o li/5s1 or %e :o      
int]c$es4 ,%e is frequ5tly invok$ &     
bes\ght to placate h] m important sp\se1
 or %e is appeal$ to by  wor%ipp]s to   
int]c$e ) h] consort to reveal :at he _h
 prophesi$  on ! tablets ( fate4    ,z !
 gr&son ( ,ea1 :o 0 ! god ( doctors1    
,nebo inh]it$ !  privileges ( heal+4 ,he
 also presid$ at bir? & dea?1 & c\ld    
cure  diseases4 ,"o ( 8 symbols seems   
peculi> & is /ill reta9$ on !  ,t>ots4  
,x is a sword1 = 9 ! m9ds ( ! m5 ( 8 day
 a pe/il5ce  0 a c]ta9 foll[] ( w>4     
,al?\gh ,nebo 0 n ! god ( w>1 he  0 fir/
 its h]ald & !n ! heal] ( ! sick or     
w\nd$1 s x 0  "u ^! conditions t a sword
 became 8 attribute4    ,nebo %>$ )     
,%ama%1 ,gula1 & ,n]gal ( ,assyrian     
my?ology1 !  p[] ( re/or+ ! dead to     
life1 :i*1 be+ int]pret$1 means  cur+ ! 
ill1 :e!r f disease or s94    ,x 0 to   

,nebo t ! ,assyrian k+s ascrib$ _!      
wisdom1 = he 0  deem$ to be ! s\rce (   
all k1 & ! wond]ful inv5tor (  ! art (  
writ+ t enabl$ ! wise m5 :o 7 8 prie/s  
to  pres]ve ! records ( ! diff]5t reigns
 & ! hi/ory ( w>s1 !  description (     
build+s & _! donors1 ( de$s ( val\r & ( 
*>ity1 = ! enlight5m5t ( po/]ity4    ,! 
great temple built at ,calah 9 ! "t (   
,ram-man-n]>i ,,iii 7#hab-ghc  ,b4 ,c47 
is inscrib$ ) a d$icatory inscription   
plac$ by ! k+ on  ! /atue ( ,nebo4 ,x   
closes ) ! s5t5ce3      ,oh6 po/]ity1   
tru/ 9 ,nabu1     ,tru/ 9 no o!r god4   
,nebo 0 also ! patron ( agriculture1 :o 
taught ! husb&m5 :5 to  plant1 ! be/ "t 
= irrigat+1 & a fav\rable "t = !  h>ve/4
 ,be+ ! mess5g] f heav5 to e>?1 "o ( 8  
symbols 0  ! lightn+4 ,?is emblem is    
pres]v$ on ! ,japanese c>ds1 al?\gh  x  
is probably accid5tal4 ,a hymn to ,nebo 
atte/s 8 hav+ lightn+ z  an attribute1 &
 ! tablet ^u :i* x 0 transcrib$ 9       
cunei=m  *>act]s has be5 translat$ z    
foll[s3      ,"l ( ,borsippa1 ,son (    

,e-,sagila6 ,oh1 ,"l1 to ?y p[]     ,!re
 is no rival4 ,oh1 ,nebo1 to ?y ,temple 
,e-,zida !re is no rival1     ,or to ?y 
home1 ,babylon4 ,?y weapon is ! lightn+1
     ,f ! m\? ( :i* no brea? does issue 
or blood fl[4     ,?y comm&s are z      
un*angeable z ! ,heav5s1                
,:]e ?\ art ,supreme4    ,! *ief temple 
( ,nebo 0 at ,borsippa1 on ! opposite   
side ( !  ,euphrates to ,babylon2 ! t[n 
0 sometimes call$ ,babylon ,,ii4 ,nebo's
  temple 0 /yl$ ,e-,zida1 ! true h\se1 &
 ,e-,sagila signifi$ ! l(ty  h\se1 :i* 0
 ! temple ( 8 fa!r1 ,m>duk4 ,!          
connection )  lightn+ is too m>k$ to be 
ov]look$ :5 /udy+ ! d]ivation (         
,m]cury's attributes f ^? ( ,nebo4    ,!
 mighty k+ ,a%ur-banapal invokes ,nebo  
on ?\s&s ( tablets t  h be5 f\nd 9 8    
great libr>y4 ,nebo is call$ ! op5] ( ! 
e>s to und]/&+1 he :o gives ! sceptre ( 
sov]eignty to k+s1  t !y may rule ov]   
all l&s1 ! uphold] ( ! _w1 !  g5]al     
ov]lord & ! se]4 ,all ^! attributes 7   
comb9$ )  ! sci5tific atta9m5ts ( ,nebo1

 & he 0 proclaim$ z ! inv5tor  (        
language & ! art ( writ+1 toge!r ) be+ !
 great tea*]  & enc\rag] ( le>n+ &      
sci5tific inve/igations4 ,?is is all    
emphasis$ by 8 num]\s titles1 su* z     
,speak]1 :i* is said to be  d]iv$ f 8   
"n1 signify+ to speak1 or "o :o ann\nces
 !  fate ( mank9d1 :i* 0 ano!r          
inh]itance ( ,m]cury's :5 he 0  call$ ! 
,mess5g] ( ! ,gods4 ,! attribute1 !n1 9 
bo? cases1  0 ! emblematic ,sceptre ( ! 
rul]1 ! caduceus4 ,! ,sceptre 0  also   
nam$ by ! ,assyrians ! ,proclaim]1 & 0  
v>i\sly  repres5t$1 sometimes by ! ,/aff
 ) twi/$ s]p5ts1 al?\gh 9  e>li] times x
 0 g5]ally pictur$ z /ylus1 :i* 0       
closely  copi$ 9 ! repres5tations (     
,?o?4 ,! entw9+ s]p5ts ( !  caduceus    
sacr$ to ,m]cury 7 directly inh]it$ f   
votive emblems  peculi> to !            
,babylonians1 & !y receiv$ =ce &        
significance  aft] ! rods ( ! ,egyptian 
magi 7 turn$ into s]p5ts &  swall[$ by !
 rod ( ,a>on4    ,:5 ,nebo is call$     
,ilu-ta%mit1 or god ( ,revelations1 :o  

tea*es  ?r\gh 8 inv5tion ( writ+ & (    
spee*1 he is !n reg>d$ z a  soo?say] or 
prophet4 ,! ,hebrew ^w = prophet is     
,nabi1 & ?is leads  to ! int]e/+        
discussion t 0 />t$ by ,mr4 ,*atto 9 8  
,hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds 7page #bb71 :5 he
 speculates on ! "n (  ,naibi1 giv5 to  
c>ds by ! e>lie/ ,italian writ]s :o     
m5tion !m4 ,z  ,naypes or ,naipes is    
/ill ! "n pr9t$ on ! wrapp]s & on ! ,f\r
  ( ,cups ( ,spani% c>ds1 x evid5tly 0  
connect$ ) prophesy1 &  ?is c>d has     
peculi> values & significances among !  
gypsy  =tune-tell]s4 ,mr4 ,*atto /ates t
 9 ,h9du/ani ! ^w ,na-eeb or  ,naib     
signifies a vic]oy or ov]lord1 & quotes 
f sev]al ,spani%  writ]s :o h decid$ly  
ass]t$ t ! ^w ,naipes1 signify+  c>ds1  
:atev] x might orig9ally h meant1 0     
d]iv$ f !  ,arabic4 ,all ! writ]s on    
play+ c>ds quote f ,corvelluzzo1 :o     
/ates3 ,9 ! ye> #acgi 0 br\ght into     
,vit]bo ! game ( c>ds1  :i* comes f !   
c\ntry ( ! ,s>ac5s & is ) !m call$      
,naib4 ,! ,arabian div9+ arr[s are      

always made f a tree call$  ,nabaa4     
,?is little hi/ory1 :i* is "o ( ! e>lie/
 records ( c>ds t  7 !n no long]        
consid]$ prophetic1 has seem$ to close  
all inquiry  into ! bir? ( games or _!  
vehicle4 ,no inquiry 0 !re=e made  into 
any?+ prec$+ ?is p]iod4 ,h[ev]1 _h c>ds 
be5 reg>d$ z  ! survival ( "o ( ! mo/   
anci5t ( cults1 connect$ ) x by its     
traditions ( prophesy or =tune-tell+1 ! 
true /ory might h be5  unravell$        
c5turies ago1 = a /udy ( ! traditions1  
religions or  sup]/itions ( ,africa &   
,asia w\ld h reveal$ t ,naibi 7! "n     
giv5 at t "t to c>ds7 meant prophesy or 
revelation1 & 0  inh]it$ f ! great      
,writ] on ! ,tablets ( ,fate1 ,nebo !   
prophet1 ! ,assyrian god4 ,! prophets ( 
! ,bible 7 call$ ,nabi1 &  x seems to be
 no accid5t t ! m\nta9 d$icat$ to ,nebo 
&  be>+ 8 "n %\ld h be5 select$ = ! dea?
 place ( !  great prophet1 ,moses4    ,9
 ! e>lie/ hi/ories ( ,assyrian my?ology 
,nebo 0 n !  influ5tial p]sonage t he   
became aft]w>ds4 ,b x 0 /ill e>ly  days 

:5 he 0 accord$ ! hon\r ( hav+ "o ( !   
planets nam$  = him1 :i* aft]w>ds became
 id5tifi$ ) ,m]cury4 ,:5 ,nebo took  8  
place among ! my/ic sev5 great gods1 he 
f\nd associat$ ) him  ,m>duk 7or        
,jupit]71 ,n]gal 7or ,m>s71 ,i%t> 7or   
,v5us71 ,n9eb 7or  ,saturn71 ! ,sun1    
repres5t$ 9 a *>iot drawn by horses1 z  
copi$ 9  ! sev5? c>d ( ! ,at\ts1 & !    
,moon 7,nan-n>71 :o 0 call$ !  ,heif] ( 
,anu1 & 0 ! presid+ g5ius4 ,%e receiv$ !
 "n  because ! horns ( ! new moon       
resembl$ ^? ( a c[4 ,h] ,assyrian       
temple 0 at ,ur ( ! ,*aldeans1 & %e 0   
also wor%ipp$ 9 ,egypt  & is repres5t$  
by ! eighte5? ,at\t4 ,h] horns are      
always typical  ( wisdom & prophesy1 &1 
z su*1 are us$ on ,mi*ael ,angelo's     
fam\s  /atue ( ,moses4    ,illu/ration3 
,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots    ,pip ,c>ds (
 ! ,cup ,suit        #ca ,ace ( ,cups   
#cb ,deuce ( ,cups        #cc ,trey (   
,cups        #cd ,f\r ( ,cups        #ce
 ,five ( ,cups        #cf ,six ( ,cups  
,! fir/ mon? ( ! ,babylonian ye> 0 sacr$

 to ,nebo & 8  fa!r1 ,m>duk1 & 0 call$  
,nesan4 ,! ,egyptians made ,?o?1 or     
,septemb]1 ! fir/ mon?2 t began ,augu/  
#bi?1 z we figure x1 )  ! ris+ ( ! ,dog 
,/>1 :i* also 0 sacr$ to t god4 ,?is is 
symbolis$ 9 ! sev5te5? ,at\t1 call$ ,!  
,/>s1 repres5t$ by an  oblation to      
,osiris4    ,daily sacrifices 7 made to 
,nebo1 ! (f]+s be+ bulls1 & o!r         
animals1 fi%1 birds1 vegetables1 honey1 
w9e1 oil & cream4 ,_!  te*nical t]m 0   
,sattuku & ,g9a4 ,x is probable t ! wild
 bo> 0  sacr$ to ,nebo1 z x 0 to        
,m]cury1 be+ "o ( ! animals sacrific$   
to ! latt]1 & ! emblem is /ill f\nd on !
 ,two ( ,bells ( !  ,g]man c>ds4 ,! bo> 
0 sacr$ among ! ,assyrians1 & its fle% 0
  =bidd5 on c]ta9 days 9 ! ,babylonian  
cal5d>4 ,its "n 0  ,n9-%akh1 or         
,pap-sukal1 mean+ ,div9e ,mess5g]1 ! "n 
t 0  synonym\s ) t ( ,nebo4    ,!re 7 _m
 great c]emonies connect$ ) ! rites (   
,nebo1 = !  sci5ti/s1 doctors1 w>riors &
 k+s 7 all anxi\s to conciliate !       
arbit] ( _! fate1 & !re 7 _m /atues     

erect$ 9 8 hon\r  all ov] ! l&4 ,! "o   
repres5t+ him t 0 kept 9 ,e-,sagila1 at 
,borsippa1 call$ by ,nebu*adnezz> ! h\se
 ( ! temple ( ! _w1  mean+ ! l(ty home1 
0 ye>ly conduct$ ) great c]emonies      
across  ! ,euphrates 9 a c>1 or ark1    
%ap$ l a %ip1 9 ord] t ,nebo  might pay 
homage at ! temple ( 8 fa!r1 ,m>duk4    
,! cult ( ,nebo rea*$ its height :5     
,nabu-polass> 7#fbf ,b4 ,c471           
,nebu-*adnezz> 7#fje ,b4 ,c471 &        
,nabonn$os 7#eef ,b4 ,c471 adopt$ 8 "n1 
!reby ?r[+ !mselves on 8 m]cy1 or invok+
 8 protection4  ,nebu*adnezz> adopt$ x z
 signify+ ,oh1 god ,nebu1 protect my    
b\nd>ies4    ,ab\t ! n9? c5tury be=e    
,*ri/ !re 7 innum]able temples  devot$  
to ! cult ( ,nebo dott$ ov] ! l&1 = ^? 7
 tr\bl\s  times1 &1 d\btless1 ! rul]s & 
_! p 7 anxi\s to h  all ! advice t !y   
c\ld obta9 f ! ,arbit] ( ,fate4 ,he 0   
/yl$ ! all-wise :o guides ! /ylus ( !   
scribes1 z well z  ! possessor ( wisdom1
 & ! se] :o guides all gods4 ,^!        
inscriptions are f\nd 9 _m places1 n    

only on ! temples b on clay  tablets4   
,a%ur-banipal extols ,nebo on _m ( !    
tablets f\nd 9 8 great  libr>y at       
,n9eveh1 ?ank+ him = 8 in/ructions & !  
inspiration  t enabl$ ! k+ to record 9  
writ+ 8 valiant de$s1 t 7  ?us pres]v$ =
 ! b5efit ( 8 subjects4 ,"o ( !m reads1 
write  = po/]ity4    ,! ,assyrians      
invad$ ,egypt _m times1 & ! ,egyptians 9
 return  ov]ran ,pale/9e1 ,p]sia1       
,babylonia & ,assyria1 s t by           
int]m>riage  & con/ant int]c\rse !      
sci5tific atta9m5ts & ! my?ologies (    
bo? became influ5c$ or m+l$4    ,al?\gh 
! capital ( ,m5ephtah1 ! ,ph>aoh ( !    
,exodus1 0 at  ,!bes1 ! site ( ! great  
temple ( ,?o? & ! fav\rite resid5ce  ( !
 ,rul] 0 ,zoan1 or ,sau1 z x is n[      
call$1 :i* is ?ree miles  f ,go%54 ,x 0 
!re t ,moses & ,a>on _h _! int]views4 ,f
  t "t on ,?o? & ,nebo became almo/ "o  
god1 & x is by no means  /ret*+ a po9t  
to connect ! cults ( ,assyria &         
,babylonia )  ^? ( ,egypt4 ,isaiah      
xix3#bc says3 ,!re %all be a highway out

 ( ,egypt  to ,assyria1 & ! ,assyrian   
%all come into ,egypt & ! ,egyptian into
  ,assyria1 & ! ,egyptians %all s]ve ) !
 ,assyrians4 ,9 ! same  *apt] 7?ird     
v]se7 we f9d3 ,& !y %all seek to !      
idols1 & to  ! *>m]s1 & to !m t h       
famili> spirits1 & to ! wiz>ds4  ,x is1 
!re=e1 b a simple conclusion to suppose 
t ! magi (  ,egypt adopt$ ! great tablet
 writ] ( ! ,assyrians z "o ( _!  inspir+
 gods1 &1 t aft]w>ds1 :5 ! pair 7       
introduc$ to  ,europeans1 !y 7 m]g$ into
 ,m]cury1 :ile ,! ,book ( ! ,writ]      
became kn[n z ,! ,book ( ,?o? ,h]mes    
,trismegi/us 7?ree times  great71 n[    
call$ ! ,t>ot pack ( c>ds4    ,! ,be>] (
 ! ,fate ,tablets1 d$icat$ to           
,nebu*adnezz> at ,borsippa1  has be5    
translat$1 ,oh6 ,nabu6 ,on ?y           
un*angeable ,tablets :i*  det]m9e !     
b\nd>ies ( ,heav5 & ,e>?1 decree ! l5g? 
( my  days4 ,write d[n po/]ity4 ,:i* we 
w\ld read1 ,tell me h[ long ,i am  to   
live & be/[ *ildr5 ^u me4    ,!re is a  
colophon 9 ,semitic ,babylonian1 writt5 

by ,nabu-baladhsuigbi1  son ( ,mitsircea
 7! ,egyptian71 probably dur+ ! reign ( 
,nabonidus1  ! fa!r ( ,bel%azz>1 t is   
also an invocation 9 ! same /yle4  ,!   
inscription ( ,tigla?-,piles] ,i1 k+ (  
,assyria1 :i* is !  longe/ & mo/        
important ( e>ly ,assyrian records1 says
 ,pr(essor  ,sayce1 dates f ab\t #aajf  
,b4 ,c4 ,?is inscription 0 f\nd "u !    
f\ndations ( ! f\r corn]s ( ! temple (  
,kileh ,%]gha1 !  anci5t city ( ,as%ur1 
& is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! "o      
hundr$  & fif? s5t5ce m5tions div9+ rods
 z ! ,oracle ( ! ,great  ,div9ities1 be+
 plac$ )9 ! temple4 ,?is ,elalla1 says  
,pr(essor  ,sayce1 0 a /em ( papyrus    
cov]$ ) writ+4    ,_m tablets (         
,assyrian times h be5 deciph]$ f !      
cunei=m  text & are designat$ z ,tablets
 ( ,grace1 or ,tablets ( ,good ,works4  
,^! are suppos$ to be ^? t ,nebo wrote  
describ+ ! virtues (  m54 ,besides ^!1 !
 ,babylonians m5tion$ tablets on :i* !  
s9s (  ! evil 7 record$4 ,! pi\s        
wor%ipp]1 !re=e1 prays t !  ,tablet ( 8 

s9s & iniquities may be de/roy$1 say+3  
,may !  ,tablet ( my s9s be brok51 %[+  
h[ preval5t 0 ! belief t  ,nebo         
controll$ fate entirely1 bo? :5 pr$ict+ 
! future & also  aft] dea?1 & 9 ?is ,?o?
 resembles him closely4    ,simil>      
connections are met ) 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1
 :5 ,moses cries1  ,=give _! s9s--2 & if
 n1 blot me1 ,i pray !e1 out ( ?y book  
:i* ?\ ha/ writt54 7,exodus xxxii3#cb47 
,! belief t su* records  are kept by !  
,almighty is ref]r$ to also 9 ! ,new    
,te/am5t4 ,y\r  names are writt5 9      
,heav54 7,/4 ,luke x3#bj47 ,! v]se 9    
,ezekiel ix3#b1  ,"o man among !m 0     
clo!d 9 l951 ) a writ]'s inkhorn by 8   
side1 is suppos$ to ref] to ,nebo1 !    
,heav5ly ,scribe4    ,9 a long cunei=m  
text inscrib$ on a t]ra cotta prism f\nd
 at  ,n9eveh1 ,k+ ,as%ur-banapal glories
 9 hav+ receiv$ f ,nebo &  ,ta%mitu 78  
consort7 ! p[] to und]/& ! art (        
tablet-writ+4 ,9 ,babylonian ,magic &   
,sorc]y f ! ,briti%  ,museum1 by ,leon>d
 ,w4 ,k+1 ,m4 ,a41 ,assi/ant 9 !        

,dep>tm5t (  ,egyptian & ,assyrian      
,antiquities1 ,briti% ,museum1 !re are  
tablets  invok+ ! protection ( ,nebo z  
well z ( o!r gods4 ,"o ( !m has  be5    
translat$ z foll[s3      ,oh6 ,h]o      
,pr9ce1 ,fir/ born ( ,m>duk2     ,oh6   
prud5t rul] ( ,spr+ ( ,z>panitu2        
,oh6 ,nabu1 ,be>] ( ! ,tablet ( ! de/9y 
( ! ,gods1 ,director (                  
,isagila1     ,"l ( ,izida1 ,%ad[ (     
,borsippa1     ,d>l+ ( ,ia1 ,giv] (     
,life1     ,pr9ce ( ,babylon1 ,protector
 ( ! ,liv+4    ,x may be /ret*+ a po9t  
to obs]ve t ! arr[-head$ lett]s on  !   
tablets ( ,babylonia closely resemble a 
%eaf ( arr[s t h  fall5 haphaz>d4 ,b ?is
 may be se5 9 ! "n ( ! god ,nebo4       
,illu/ration          ,,*apt] ,,vi      
,,! ,,at\ts ,,( ,,! ,,t>ots      ,s9ce !
 creation ( ! _w mank9d has realiz$ a   
div9e p[]  %ap+ 8 de/9y1 & has tri$ to  
conciliate ! unkn[n god4 ,s9ce  life is 
made up ( happ5+s t are un=ese51 man    
believ$ t  c]ta9 occult p[]s direct$ &  
%ap$ !m4 ,x 0 natural1 !re=e1  to try to

 asc]ta9 ! wi%es ( ! controll] ( fate1 s
 t !y  might be compli$ ) & mis=tune ?us
 av]t$4    ,invocations1 sacrifices &   
qu]ies1 private or public 9 ! temples1  
are  record$ f e>ly days4 ,"s h be5 f\nd
 t date f at lea/  five ?\s& ye>s be=e  
,*ri/4 ,directions = wave (f]+s1 burnt  
(f]+s1 etc41 are frequ5t 9 ! ,old       
,te/am5t4 ,! comm&s =  m>k+ ! rods ) !  
names ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 = !  
purpose ( lay+ !m on ! alt> & await+    
results :5 ! wi%es  ( ! ,"l w\ld be     
reveal$1 are giv5 9 ,numb]s xvii4       
,pray]s to ,nebo1  ,?o?1 & ,m]cury are  
f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ! c\ntries :]e !y 7      
wor%ipp$4 ,! use ( div9+ arr[s 7rods71  
:5 dem&+ ! wi%es  ( ! gods1 is a kn[n   
hi/oric fact1 s x is readily se5 :5ce ! 
,egyptians receiv$ _! inspiration to    
ga!r toge!r ! cu/oms1  c]emonies &      
sup]/itions ( ali5 religions1 to absorb 
!m 9 !  wor%ip ( _! god ,?o?4    ,!     
temples ( ! ,egyptian gods 7 g5]ally    
gorge\sly decorat$1 &  ^? ( ,?o? 7 fill$
 besides ) le>n$ wom5 & m5 :o devot$  ! 

result ( _! /udies to ! common good1 )\t
 a ?\ght (  self-aggr&isem5t4 ,!y made  
!mselves ! g-betwe5 ( ,?o? & man1  :5   
reveal+ ! wi%es ( ! occult be+s4 ,!     
numb] ( ,h]metic  ,books1 writt5 at     
,?o?'s dictation1 is giv5 by ,jambli*us 
z #bj1jjj4    ,naturally1 :5 sacrifices 
or (f]+s 7 made1 ! wor%ipp] dem&$  a    
reply to 8 inquiries1 ?us tax+ ! +5uity 
( ! prophets1 :o  71 9 fact1 no wis] ?an
 himself z to ! pr$e/9ations record$  at
 bir?4 ,s1 sometimes !y f\nd ! desires (
 ! gods hidd5 9 !  entrails ( animals or
 9 ! palms ( ! h&s4    ,a/ronom]s &     
a/rolog]s1 obs]v+ t ! heav5ly bodies    
con=m$  to c]ta9 laws1 decid$ t ^! laws 
also gov]n$ ! lives ( m54  ,9 ! wor%ip (
 ,i%t>1 ! great ,babylonian goddess1 :o 
has be5  id5tifi$ ) bo? ,v5us & ,diana1 
! flight ( birds _h port5t2  :ile at !  
oracle ( ,delphi /raws 7a v>iant ( !    
rods ( ,a>on or  ! div9+ arr[s ( !      
,asiatics7 7 employ$ to asc]ta9 ! wi%es 
( ! gods1 & x is ! desc5dants ( ^! t are
 n[ sometimes  kn[n z ,jack/raws1 t came

 to u f ! ,*9ese1 & at o!rs are         
id5tifi$ z ! pip c>ds n[ 9 common use4  
,a close /udy ( ea* c>d ( ! old ,t>ots  
reveals mu* ( ! hi/ory  ( ! book & its  
orig9al int5tion1 = ! resemblance ( !   
diff]5t c>ds to ! diff]5t ,egyptian     
deities is cle>ly display$ to  ! /ud5t4 
,! attributes & co/umes ( ,maut1 ,isis1 
,ph?ah1 ,nei?1  ,amun1 ,?mei1 ,nepte1   
,se?1 ,anubis1 & ,ra are all to be trac$
 on !  deta*$ leaves ( ! anci5t book4 ,!
 co/umes are ^? ( ,italians (  ab\t !   
?irte5? c5tury1 x is true1 b ! caps1 !  
girdles1 !  positions & ! attributes1 z 
well z ! qualities assign$ to ea* by  ! 
=tune-tell]s1 are too app>5t to be      
ignor$4 ,x w\ld seem t  ! c>ds 7 design$
 by "s p]son to :om ^! diff]5t m>ks _h  
be5 describ$1 b :o _h no k ( ! orig9al  
pictures ( ^!  gods t are /ill s        
in/ructive 9 ,egypt4 ,:ile ! attributes 
are  reta9$1 ! pictures d n recall ! old
 ones t c /ill be f\nd  9 mummy cases or
 hi/oric monum5ts4 ,x 0 !re=e impossible
 =  ^? :o wrote on ,play+ ,c>ds be=e !  

great discov]ies 9 ,egypt to  recognize 
! connection ( ! ,t>ots ) ! anci5t      
my/]ies1  al?\gh ! symbols ( ,m]cury    
might h giv5 a clue1 _h ^! be5  not$4   
,)\t decl>+ t ! d$uctions connect+ !    
,at\ts ) !  ,egyptian gods is           
infallible1 ! /rong resemblance betwe5  
!m mu/ be  c>efully consid]$1 & !       
int5tion ( ea* c>d /udi$ ) all !        
obta9able hi/ory connect$ ) x4      ,i4 
,,le ,,bagatleur 7,il ,bagattel7    ,?is
 c>d1 also kn[n z ! ,juggl] or ,pagat1  
be>s v>i\s names1  accord+ to ! locality
 :]e x 0 us$4 ,x is d]iv$1 says ,c\nt   
,emiliano di ,p>ravic9o1 9 ! ,burl+ton  
,magaz9e = ,decemb]1 #aijc1  f ,bagat or
 ,paghead & ,gad1 t signifies =tune1 & !
 c>d is  (t5 call$ ,bagatto 7or cobbl]71
 s9ce !re are sometimes tools plac$  on 
! bo>d 9 front ( ! figure1 "o ( :i* 79 !
 corrupt$  designs ( mod]n c>ds7        
resembles a cobbl]'s awl4 ,! figure on  
?is  c>d repres5ts ! ,play] or ,inquir]1
 & :5 ! c>ds are laid out1  accord+ to !
 rules ( prophesy+1 x is controll$ by   

all t are  dealt close to x4 ,t is to   
say1 ! c>ds surr\nd+ ?is figure tell  ! 
ev5ts t are likely soon to befall !     
inquir]4 ,! fir/ ,at\t  repres5ts a "y  
man /&+ beh9d a table4 ,on 8 head is a  
hat (  my/ic mean+1 = x is %ap$ l ! sign
 ( et]nal life1  ,illu/ration3 inf9ity  
symbol2 8 left h& c>ries a w&1 call$ by 
de ,gebel9 son ,bton de ,jacob1 ou      
,v]ges des ,mages4 ,?is magician's  w& 0
 readily recogniz$ by ! %rewd ,fr5*man1 
:o evid5tly  und]/ood ! symbolism ( !   
rod ( ,a>on 7or ,jacob74 ,! rod is      
really  ! caduceus ( ,m]cury t has s _m 
significances4 ,x is "o ( !  pip devices
 t has be5 reproduc$ 9 ! ,ace ( ,rods1  
,/aves1 or  ,sceptres1 z x is v>i\sly   
call$1 &1 by plac+ x 9 ! h& ( !         
inquir]1 x d5otes t he has be5 giv5 !   
p[] to consult !  oracle4 ,! o!r        
articles plac$ on ! table be=e ! y\? are
 !  o!r devices t m>k ! suits ( ! c>ds1 
namely3 ,money1 ,cups &  ,swords1 al?\gh
 on mod]n ,italian ,t>ots ^! emblems are
 (t5 *ang$  = o!rs t lack significance4 

,9 ! lott]y *>t1 call$  ,tsz-fa-to1 us$ 
by ! ,*9ese =tune-tell]s1 !re is a      
figure l !  ,bagatleur1 hold+ up 8 h& 9 
! same way1 :i* recalls ! _m  my/ic     
mean+s atta*$ to ! bless+ h&4 ,! ,pagat 
or ,magician 7z  ?is c>d is (t5 call$7  
is sometimes express$ m]ely by ! ,hebrew
  lett] ,aleph1 :i* is plac$ beside !   
figure1 or is us$ alone1 :5 an          
,initiate und]/&s ! symbol z well z if !
 ,pagat 0 9 its place4  ,:at relation ! 
,hebrew alphabet has to ! ,t>ots is a   
matt] =  conjecture1 b ! *>act]s are (t5
 plac$ on e>ly packs1 & "s  writ]s h    
po9t$ out t1 9 _! op9ion1 ^! lett]s (f] 
fre%  evid5ces ( ! orig9 ( c>ds & _!    
connection ) div9ation4 ,s  ,papus says3
 ,! fir/ lett]s ( ! alphabet express    
hi]oglyphically  man himself z a        
collective unity--! ,ma/] pr9ciple--!   
rul] ( !  _w4 ,9 v old packs ! e>? is   
repres5t$ at ! bottom ( !  picture1     
ornam5t$ ) its fruits4 ,! c5tre is      
occupi$ ) ! man1  ^: "r h& b5t t[>ds !  
gr\nd1 ! left h& rais$ t[>ds  heav51 ?us

 repres5t+ two pr9ciples1 ! "o active & 
! o!r  passive1 ( ! great ,all1 & x     
corresponds ) ! two columns (  ,jak9 &  
,bohas ( ! temple ( ,solomon & (        
,freemasonry1 z well z  ) ! great /atues
 erect$ be=e ! tombs ( ! ,egyptian k+s4 
,!  mean+ may be ?us /at$3 ,man ) "o h& 
seeks = ,god 9 ,heav51  & ) ! o!r he    
plunges bel[ to call up ! demon to      
himself1 &  ?us unites ! div9e & !      
diabolic 9 humanity4    ,x is well kn[n 
t among primitive p1 boys1 ^u arriv+ at 
manhood1 w5t ?r\gh c]ta9 c]emonies )    
fa/+ & incantations s  ?is c>d also     
repres5ts a y\? mak+ 8 fir/ (f]+ to !   
gods (  ! temple1 & consult+ !m z to 8  
future life1 or ask+ :at ,nebo  or ,?o? 
_h writt5 at ! "t ( 8 bir? on _!        
,tablets ( ,fate4  ,9 ord] to le>n f !  
gods :at 8 future occupation %\ld be1 "o
  ( ! symbols ( ,m]cury is lift$        
haphaz>d f ! table be=e him4  ,?us1 if a
 sword be grasp$1 a man w be a soldi]1 &
 a woman w  h a p]son ( rank = a husb&4 
,! ,cup repres5ts ! ,*ur* or  ,love4 ,9 

primitive nations v>i\s articles are    
/ill plac$ be=e a  *ild1 & ! "o select$ 
influ5ces its occupations1 :5 mature4 ,9
  ,korea a bundle ( y>n1 a h&ful ( rice1
 a few co9s1 a cake ( ink1 a  bru%1 & "s
 pap] are plac$ be=e a baby1 on atta9+  
its fir/  bir?day4 ,if x selects ! y>n1 
x d5otes a long life2 ! money means     
prosp]ity2 ! writ+ mat]ials signify t a 
s*ol>'s life w be  ! "o foll[$1 :ile    
rice means happ9ess4 ,hebrew lett]s c be
  express$ by numb]s z well z by !      
conv5tional *>act]s2 ?is is  well       
exemplifi$ by ! way !y 7 us$ 9 mak+ !   
fr+es ( !  temple ( ,solomon1 ! /r&s (  
:i* 7 peculi>ly knott$ 9 gr\ps  (       
diff]5t numb]s1 t1 :5 deciph]$1         
repres5t$ a text4 ,a simil>  knott$ fr+e
 adorns ! ,tale? or pray+ sc>f1 worn by 
! ,jews :5  wor%ipp+ 9 ! synagogue1 on  
:i* a text is typifi$ by gr\ps (  knots 
express+ ,hebrew lett]s4 ,?is fr+e is   
made ) f\r ?reads1  "o ( :i* is long]   
?an ! o!rs4 ,two ?reads are b\nd toge!r 
) ! longe/ "o 9 a d\ble knot1 !n x is   

wrapp$ sev5 times1  !n eight1 !n elev51 
foll[$ by ?irte51 ) two knots sep>at+   
ea*4 ,accord+ to ! ,kabbalah1 /ates     
,pr(essor ,ros5au1 9 8 book  entitl$    
,jewi% ,c]emonial ,in/itutions1 ^! knots
 & w9d+s h  a secret mean+1 mak+        
?irty-n9e 9 all2 !y correspond to !     
num]ical value ( ! lett]s con/itut+ two 
words1 or '! ,"l is  "o1' s9ce ea* lett]
 ( ! ,hebrew alphabet has num]ical      
significance4    ,among un$ucat$ p      
symbols took ! place ( writt5 *>act]s 9 
e>ly days1 s1 s9ce ^! knots convey$ a   
s\nd & a mean+1 a numb]  is also        
indicat$ by ! lett]s ( ! ,hebrew        
alphabet4 ,^! lett]s or  numb]s t 7     
occasionally plac$ on ! e>ly ,at\ts h ! 
greate/ value :5 deciph]+ ! attributes  
f\nd on ! ,t>ots1 s9ce  ea* "o has      
occult significance atta*$ to x1        
evid5tly plac$ !re  ) ! int5tion (      
assi/+ ! e>ly =tune-tell]s to deciph]   
_! mean+1 al?\gh omitt$ 9 ! lat] books (
 ,?o?-,h]mes1 :5  !y 7 us$ only =       
amusem5t or gambl+4      ,,ii4 ,,la     

,,papessa 7,,! ,,female ,,pope7    ,?is 
c>d is suppos$ to repres5t ,isis4 ,%e is
 typifi$ by a seat$  female figure ) two
 pill>s beh9d h]1 betwe5 :i* hangs a    
curta9  indicat+ h] temple4 ,%e is cr[n$
 ) a triple ti>a1 & has an op5  book 9  
h] lap4 ,?is goddess in/ructs &         
p]suades4 ,law1 erudition1 &  occult    
sci5ce are "u h] protection4 ,z ! fir/  
female figure among  ! ,at\ts1 %e       
repres5ts ! prie/ess ( ! temple ( ,?o?1 
also ,eve1  also ! "m4 ,:5 a woman is ! 
inquir]1 ?is c>d repres5ts h]1  in/ead (
 ! ,pagat1 :i* repres5ts a man inquir]4 
,! "n (  ,papessa1 giv5 to ?is c>d by ! 
mod]n ,italian c>d-pa9t]1 seems to  be a
 corruption ( ,isis4 ,! =m] "n is       
mislead+1 & has no  connection ) !      
orig9al mean+ ( ! figure1 = x has no?+ 9
  common ) ! my?ical ,pope ,joan ( !    
,roman ,*ur*1 :ile all !  attributes %[ 
t ! figure repres5ts ,isis1 or1 p]haps1 
,ta%itum1  ! consort ( ,nebo1 call$ !   
,int]c$]4 ,! ,italian c>d-mak]s1  says  
de ,gebel91 nam$ numb]s ,,ii & ,v ( !   

,at\ts1 "m & fa!r1  or ,papessa & ,papa2
 b he decl>es _! emblems are ,egyptian &
 !  triple phallus worn by numb] ,,ii is
 ! "o borne by ,isis 9 ! ,fte des       
,pampylies1 :]e ,isis joyfully receives 
,osiris4 ,x is ! symbol (  reg5]ation ( 
plants1 or spr+4 ,! c>d is also suppos$ 
to repres5t  ,juno 9 ! ,roman my?ology4 
,! attitude connects x1 says ! same     
au?ority1 ) la haute magic1 s9ce x is ! 
fir/ ( ! symbols (  ! ,em]ald ,tablet1  
"o ( ! books ( ,?o?1 t 0 discov]$ on !  
m\nt ( ,nebo4 ,wilt%ire says3 ,believ]s 
9 magic f9d occult mean+s  9 ! h&s ( ?is
 figure4 ,roman wom5 sacrific$ to ,juno 
on _!  bir?days1 z %e 0 n only ! goddess
 :o presid$ ov] mat]nity  7mak+ ,m]cury 
h] mess5g]1 :o c>ri$ ! *ild to its      
p>5ts7 b  %e 0 also ! protector ( wom54 
,"p ( ! great book ( ,?o?1  call$ !     
,ritual ( ! ,dead1 said to h be5 writt5 
) ! f+]  ( ,?o?1 & g5]ally plac$ ) a    
mummy1 says3 ,i am ye/]day4  ,ye/]day is
 ,osiris4 ,ph?ah goes ar\nd4 ,! div9e   
,horus pref]s ,!e4  ,! god ,set does s 9

 turn1 z well z ,isis1 :om ?\ ha/ se54  
,!  ,hebrew lett] on ! second ,at\t is  
,be?1 :i* hi]oglyphically  expresses m\?
 or tongue1 "o ( ! ?+s us$ 9 !          
sacrifices to  ,nebo & to ,m]cury4      
,,iii4 ,l',,imp]atrice 7,! ,empress7    
,?is c>d betok5s ,v5us ,urania accord+  
to ! ,roman my?ology1 or ,maut  accord+ 
to t ( ,egypt4 ,! vulture is its emblem1
 "o ( ,maut's  attributes signify+      
mat]nity4 ,! m\se also repres5ts h]1 & x
  typifies fecundity4 ,! c>d has _m     
significances1 su* z spee*1  action1    
initiative1 fri5dl9ess1 protection1     
progress1 production1 &  helpfulness4 ,!
 figure is t ( a seat$ woman hold+ a    
%ield & a  sceptre4 ,9 old c>ds %e is   
cr[n$ ) a diadem t has twelve />s  on   
its po9ts4 ,?is c>d also symbolizes     
g5]ation & productive  =ces4 ,its lett] 
is ,gimel1 ! mean+ ( :i* is ! ?roat1 or 
!  h& ( a man half clos$2 h5ce1 x       
signifies t :i* encloses1 t  :i* is     
holl[1 a canal1 an inclosure4 ,! c>d    
also repres5ts a woman  fri5d1 b n      

always "o t is desirable4 ,! ,egyptian  
goddess1 ,maut1  we>s a cap & cr[n1 & %e
 be>s a sceptre4 ,h] fl[+ robes are     
conf9$ bel[ ! brea/s ) a girdle1 !      
typical zone t has su*  occult mean+s4  
,among ! ,p]sians & tribes ( ,nor?      
,africa1 ! girdle  is always remov$ f a 
bride1 z "p ( ! w$d+ c]emony1 &  nei!r  
is %e nor ! bridegroom all[$ to we> "o =
 sev5 days aft]  ! m>riage4 ,maut is    
call$ ,lady ( ,heav51 & ,giv] ( ,life1 &
  has be5 id5tifi$ by "s z ! ,i%t> ( !  
,babylonians4      ,,iv4 ,l',,imp]atore 
7,! ,emp]or7    ,! f\r? ,at\t %[s 9     
pr(ile a male figure seat$ on a ?rone4  
,he  repres5ts ,jupit] or ,amun1 !      
,ammon ( ! ,egyptians1 ! ,m>duk ( !     
,babylonians1 & ! ,m]oda* ( ! ,bible4   
,?is lett] is ,dale?1  sugge/+ gr[?1    
n\ri%m5t1 g5]ation1 div9e w1 long life1 
/rong "* or p]sonal ability & ambition4 
,?is c>d & numb]  ?ree h simil>         
repres5tations on ! ,p]sian c>ds1 :i*   
pack alone  ( ^? adopt$ by diff]5t      
c\ntries reta9s ! figure-pictures1 to  !

 entire exclusion ( ! pip c>ds4 ,?is    
seems to po9t to ! fact  t1 :ile !      
,egyptians or ,assyrians ov]ran ,p]sia &
 impos$ "s (  _! cu/oms & religi\s      
beliefs on ! p1 ! great gods 7  adopt$  
reluctantly1 & ! key to _! wi%es 0 n    
be/[$ on !  conqu]$ p1 z w\ld h be5 !   
case _h _! use1 9  comb9ation ) !       
prophetic arr[s or rods1 be5 taught at !
 same  "t4 ,! great temple ( ,ammon 0 at
 ,!bes1 ! s\!rn ,egyptian  capital4 ,!  
"n ,ammon means concealm5t1 to veil1 to 
hide4 ,8 mo/  common title1 says ,mr4   
,rawl9son1 9 ,anci5t ,egypt 7page #cbb71
 0  ,sut5-,net]n1 k+ ( ! gods1 also     
call$ ,hek or ,hyk1 ! ,rul]1 !  ,emp]or1
 ,"l ( ,heav51 /rong bull4 ,8 image1 l t
 ( ! f\r?  ,at\t1 is repres5t$ z seat$  
on a ?rone4 ,he is cr[n$1 & we>s a      
coll> & bracelets4 ,he be>s ! sceptre1 !
 symbol ( p[] &  pl5ty4 ,"o ( !         
invocations to ,ammon beg9s ,hail to !e1
 ,"l (  ,tru?1 ^: %r9e is hidd54        
,v4 ,,il ,,papa 7,! ,pope7    ,!        
pronunciation ( ! "n ( ?is c>d alone    

proves its connection  ) ! ,egyptian    
god1 ,ph?ah1 b1 besides ?is1 x has _m   
/range  significances assign$ to x1 all 
( !m po9t+ to ! same conclusion4  ,!    
figure d5otes ! religi\s sup]ior1 z x   
we>s ! triple cr[n1  comb9$ ) ! two     
pill>s ( ! temple4 ,! ,african god 0    
greatly  rev]$ & fe>$1 :ile _m temples 7
 d$icat$ to 8 wor%ip4 ,f\r  figures     
kneel be=e ,il ,papa1 :om he blesses )  
uplift$ palm1 sacr$  to religi\s        
c]emonies1 & inh]it$ f ! h& ( ! ,coh5 ( 
!  ,jews4 ,9 ! old cemet]y at ,prague   
!re are hundr$s ( tomb/ones1 on  :i* !  
uplift$ h&s are c>v$ to repres5t        
ideographically !  desc5dants ( ,a>on1  
:o alone c be/[ b5$iction 9 ?is way4 ,! 
h& plays an important "p 9 h]aldic      
emblems4 ,! ,ul/]1 or bloody  h&1 is a  
m>k ( rank1 n only 9 ,engli% h]aldry1 b 
is v5]at$  by ,ori5tals z well4 ,a      
bloody h& is frequ5tly f\nd /amp$ beside
 !  l9tel ( ! door among ,nor?          
,africans1 & small silv] or brass       
facsimiles ( ! "r h& are also fa/5$ to !

 door or worn on !  p]son1 to w>d (f !  
evil eye1 :5 x is call$ ! h& ( ,fatima4 
,arabs frequ5tly we> ?is h&1 t is !n    
cov]$ ) engrav$  quotations f ! ,koran4 
,_! "n = x is ,kam or five f+]s4 ,!     
numb] five--,khamsa--is consid]$ s      
p[]ful & my/ic t x is  believ$ to br+   
bad luck if x is m5tion$1 s ! ^w is n   
pron\nc$1 b ! ,arabs say two-?ree       
in/ead4 ,! ,neapolitans  g5]ally we> a  
h& ) "o f+] out/ret*$ z a *>m1 "o ( !   
_m l9ks connect+ !m ) ,egypt4 ,! fif?   
,at\t 9 its position &  consequ5ce      
repres5ts aspiration1 heal?1            
intellig5ce1 union1 /r5g?  ( w1 religion
 & fai?4 ,! accompany+ lett] is ,he1 !  
mean+ (  :i* is aspiration4 ,!          
triple-b>r$ sceptre is an especial      
emblem (  ,ph?ah1 :o 0 kn[n z ! reveal]1
 ! "o :o made hidd5 duties  manife/4    
,! fir/ f\r figures ( ! ,at\ts are      
connect$ ) family life4 ,!  inquir] 9   
numb] "o1 ! p>5ts 9 two & f\r1 & !      
influ5ce (  ,/ate & ,*ur* 9 ?ree & five1
 =m+ a significant gr\p :5  /udy+ ! c>ds

 & _! mean+s4      ,,vi4 ,,gli ,,amanti 
7,! ,lov]s7    ,! six? c>d has n yet be5
 connect$ ) any ( ! occult gods (       
,egypt or ,babylonia4 ,! figures seem to
 belong solely to ,cupid4 ,! c>d  %[s a 
"y man betwe5 two females1 symboliz+    
virtue & vice4 ,cupid  hov]s ov]head1   
bl9dfold$1 & ) b5t b[1 ready to %oot an 
arr[  into ! air4 ,:5 us$ = prophesy+1  
?is c>d is typical ( a "y  man />t+ 9   
life1 ^: future dep5ds ^u ! *oice be=e  
him1  s9ce good & evil bo? seem to claim
 him4 ,! c>d also d5otes  affection1    
love1 fri5d%ip1 *>ity1 union & sight1 ! 
latt] be+  indicat$ by ! lett]1 :i* is  
,vau1 ! hi]oglyphic sign = eyes1  light 
or brilliancy4 ,! import ( ?is figure is
 p]sonal magnetism4 ,?is  c>d also      
indicates m>riage1 & is emblematic ( !  
legal tie1 z well  z ( luck & good      
=tune4    ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,italian
 ,,t>ots    ,pip & ,c\rt ,c>ds ( ! ,cup 
,suit        #cg ,sev5 ( ,cups          
#ch ,eight ( ,cups        #ci ,n9e (    
,cups        #dj ,t5 ( ,cups        #da 

,knave ( ,cups        #db ,cavali] (    
,cups      ,,vii4 ,,il ,,c>ro 7,!       
,*>iot7    ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ my/ic (   
c>ds1 its numb] be+ "o t 0  reg>d$ z    
occult by ! anci5ts4 ,x displays a      
picture ( a k+ or a  conqu]or1 9 8 c>   
drawn by bea/s1 precisely z ,nebo 0     
frequ5tly  repres5t$ 9 ! texts1 :5 !    
gilt *>iot nev] m>ks ! way4  ,sometimes 
! c> is drawn by horses1 frequ5tly by   
ox51 sometimes by  lions1 & occasionally
 by black & :ite sph9xes4 ,?is c>       
typifies  ,m>s1 ! god ( w> m5tion$ 9    
,babylonian my?ology & 9 ! ,bible1  :5 e
 nation made gods ( _! own & ! m5 ( ,cu?
 made ,n]al  7,m>s74 7#b ,k+s xvii3#cj47
 ,z has be5 m5tion$1 ,nebo bore a sword 
&  0 reg>d$ z accompany+ w>riors1 al?\gh
 he g5]ally repres5ts  ! pe/il5ce t     
foll[s 9 ! wake ( w>4 ,! ,hebrew lett] (
 !  sev5? ,at\t is ,za91 t expresses an 
arr[1 ?us sugge/+ a weapon  z well z a  
soldi]1 s x d5otes victory1 a rul+ p[]1 
triumph1  protection1 a dom9e]+ "*4 ,!  
arr[s ( div9ation are  frequ5tly ref]r$ 

to 9 ! ,bible1 = in/ance1 :5 ! k+ (     
,babylon /ood at ! p>t+ ( ! way at !    
head ( ! two ways to  use div9ation4 ,he
 made 8 arr[s bright1 he consult$ )     
images1 he  look$ at ! liv]4 ,! tablets 
f\nd at ,nippur frequ5tly ref] to all  !
 arts ( div9ation1 z :5 a text 9 cunei=m
 *>act]s says3 !  arr[s 7 m>k$ ,yes &   
,no1 or1 ! k+ _h %ak5 ! arr[s1  que/ion$
 ! h\se gods1 & look$ into ! liv]4 ,mr4 
,cul91 9 8  ,korean ,games1 consid]s t  
div9ation by arr[s is "o ( ! mo/        
primitive =ms1 & x is /ill kept up 9    
,korea1 ,*9a1 ,japan1 etc4 ,!  /icks us$
 = ! purpose 9 ,*9a are 9 ! =m ( arr[s1 
& are  kept 9 a cube-%ap$ box resembl+ a
 quiv]4 ,!y are %ak5 9 a  peculi> way   
until "o jumps out1 :5 ! design on x1 & 
! direction  9 :i* x po9ts to ! %r9e1   
are consid]$ to h repli$ to !  inquir]4 
,! ,*>iot ( ! ,at\ts 01 "u c]ta9        
conditions1 suppos$ to  repres5t        
,osiris4 ,x 0 also call$ ! *>iot (      
,m]cury1 9 !  s5se t he 0 ! mess5g] (   
,m>s :5 w> 0 to be proclaim$1 or  :5 8  

caduceus 0 us$ z a flag ( truce4 ,sev5 0
 always consid]$  by ! ,egyptian savants
 a my/ical numb]1 s ?is c>d play$ an    
important "p 9 occult sci5ce4 ,c\nt     
,emiliano di ,p>ravic9o1 9 8  essay     
publi%$ 9 ! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e1         
,decemb]1 #aijc 7page #bch71  says3     
,mgr4 ,antonio ,dragoni 7#ahad7 sugge/s 
t ! ,at\ts1 numb]+  tw5ty-"o n c\nt+ !  
,jok] 7,f\71 :i* has no numb]1  repres5t
 ! ,egyptian doctr9e belov$ by          
,py?agoras1 ( ! p]fect  numb] ,?ree & ! 
my?ical numb] ,sev54 ,h5ce1 ,?o?1 !     
,m]cury (  ! ,egyptians1 =ms ) ! pack ( 
pip c>ds 8 book or picture ( !  creation
 ( ?ree classes ( images1 :i* symbolize 
! fir/ ?ree ages  ( ! _w--i4 e41 !      
gold51 ! silv]1 & ! bronze4 ,ea* (  ^!  
?ree classes is to repres5t 9 its sev5  
divisions a great]  ref]5ce or my/icism1
 a my/]i\s book ( ! highe/ value 9 ! art
  ( div9ation1 s9ce ?is book ( unb\nd   
leaves conta9$ ! key to all  my/]ies1   
al?\gh its cont5ts 7 undeciph]able to   
all b ^?  taught 9 ! temples ( ,?o?4    

,?is proves t o!r ?9k]s besides  ,papus 
& de ,gebel9 _h come to ! same          
conclusions f _! /udy (  ! ,t>ot pack1  
al?\gh )\t hav+ ! b5efit ( ex*ang+ views
 on  ! subject4    ,! ,babylonians      
believ$ 9 sev5 evil spirits1 z ! foll[+ 
pray]1  translat$ f a cunei=m tablet1 w 
prove3      ,sev5 are !y4 ,!y are sev51 
,! same 9 ! mighty deep2    ,& ,sev5 are
 !y 9 heav51      ',?\gh 9 wat]1        
sometimes !y sleep4    ,!y are nei!r    
male1 nor female1      ,^! awful spirits
 t fly1    ,b l de/ructive :irlw9ds1    
,!y swirl across ! sky4      ,)\t a home
 or (fspr+1      ,compassion & m]cy are 
nil1    ,s9ce pray]s or supplications1  
,!y nei!r he> nor feel4      ,l wild    
bea/s br$ 9 ! m\nta9s1      ,!y defy bo?
 gods & m51    ,pollut+ ev5 ! f\nta9s   
,! riv]s1 ! m>%es1 ! f54    ,evil are   
!y1 /rangely evil1      ,9 temples1 9   
cities1 9 homes2    ,= ,sev5 are !y1    
cruel ,sev51      ,) weird & t]rible    
=ms4    ,mr4 ,will%ire1 9 8 ,catalogue (
 ! ,play+ ,c>ds 9 ! ,briti%  ,museum1   

says3 ,x h>dly requires a ref]5ce to !  
,bible to notice !  frequ5cy ) :i* !    
numb] ,sev5 is m5tion$4 ,n only 0 !     
,sev5? day to be kept holy1 b1 !n1 !re 0
 ! my/]y ( ! ,sev5  />s1 ( :i* ,nebo    
7,m]cury7 0 "o1 ! latt] be+ ! mo/ rapid 
& brilliant4 ,also ( ! ,sev5 gold5      
c&le/icks1 &1 9 ,za*>iah  iii3#i1 we f9d
 t on ! /one laid be=e ,jo%ua !re 7     
,sev5 eyes4  ,m]cury inv5t$ ! lyre1     
accord+ to ! ,egyptians1 9 ! ye> ( !  _w
 two ?\s&4 ,at fir/ x _h only ?ree /r+s1
 b 9 ! h&s  ( ! ,muses1 ,sev5 7 adopt$4 
,!n also ! ,sev5 virtues 7 call$  !     
,sev5 cords ( ! human lyre1 hav+ _!     
analogies 9 ! ,sev5  col\rs ( !         
prismatic spectrum4 ,!n !re 7 ,sev5     
preci\s /ones1  namely3 ,c>buncle       
7g>net71 ,cry/al1 ,diamond1 ,agate1     
,em]ald1 ,sapphire1  & ,onyx1 besides ! 
,sev5 *ief metals4 ,! em]ald 0 consid]$ 
!  /one ( ,?o?1 we may inf]1 s9ce "o ( 8
 books 0 entitl$ ,!  ,em]ald ,tablet4   
,among ! ,b]b] tribes1 ( ,nor? ,africa1 
! wom5 put  sev5 m>ks on _! =eheads1 to 

protect !m f ! evil eye2 ?is is  also   
done among "s ( ! ,negro tribes4 ,:5    
consult+ ! pip c>ds1  ! ,sev5s h peculi>
 & occult values1 m>k+ ! b\nd>ies betwe5
  ^? l[] & high]4 ,!y also make         
comb9ations t influ5ce !  consid]ation (
 o!r c>ds4      ,,viii4 ,,la ,,giu/izia 
7,ju/ice7    ,! figure on ! eigh? c>d is
 repres5t$ 9 ! mo/ mod]n fa%ion1  & yet1
 ) its attributes & values1 x is mu* z  
,egyptians w\ld  h kn[n x :5 ! wor%ip ( 
,?o? 0 at its height4 ,x is !  goddess (
 ,tru? or ,ma4 ,h] title 0 sometimes    
adopt$ by ! k+s1 :o  call$ !mselves !   
fri5ds ( ,tru?4 ,mr4 ,rawl9son1 on page 
#che (  ,anci5t ,egypt1 says3 ,! *ief   
judge ( e c\rt is said to h  worn an    
image ( ,ma ar\nd 8 neck1 & :5 he decid$
 a case he t\*$  ! litigant ) x1 9 ^:   
fav\r ! decision 0 made1 9 ord] to      
te/ify t ev]y?+ _h be5 done ) ju/ice &  
tru?4 ,9 ! f9al  judgm5t ( ,osiris1 !   
image ( ,ma 0 plac$ 9 ! scale1 & weigh$ 
aga9/ ! good actions ( ! dead4 ,x may   
easily be p]ceiv$ :at a  =ceful figure !

 "o ( ju/ice mu/ h be5 to ! p :o        
consult$ ! oracles 9 ! temples ( ,?o?4  
,ju/ice is repres5t$ on  ! ,at\t z a    
seat$ female figure1 on a ?rone be>+ h] 
usual  h]aldic m>ks ( a sword & a pair (
 scales4 ,law & ord] are d5ot$  by e l9e
 & emblem on ! c>d1 :i*1 summ$ up1      
expresses  consci5ti\sness1 balance1    
p[]1 & poise1 9 all _! =ms4 ,! leaf     
also corresponds ) "s ( ! attributes ( !
 god ,tiemei1 & aga9  repres5ts "o ( !  
deities ( ,olympus4 ,he?1 ! lett]       
correspond+  to x1 means a field1 & f t 
spr+s ! idea ( any?+ requir+  lab\r &   
cont9u$ ef=t1 ! elem5ts & exi/5ce4 ,:5 x
 typifies  ,c]es1 ( ! ,olympic gods1 x  
d5otes ! "m z %e is g5]ally  repres5t$1 
) h] daught]1 ,prosp]p9e1 endeav\r+ 7z !
 orig9al  type ( a "m-9-law7 to keep h] 
f ! arms ( ,pluto1 :ile ,m]cury  leads !
 wife =cibly away4 ,?is c>d is ! dom9at+
 "o ( ,cups  7mean+ sacrifice7 ( ! pip  
"p ( ! pack4      ,,ix4 ,l',,eremita 7,!
 ,h]mit7    ,! ,h]mit is "o ( ! mo/     
my/]i\s designs on ! ,at\ts1 & has  n   

yet ackn[l$g$ all its int5tions4 ,= !   
mean+ assign$ to x1  & its value =      
soo?say+1 h>dly correspond ) ! p]sonage 
depict$1 s x is suppos$ t ! arti/ :o    
mod]niz$ ! anci5t  design has alt]$ x   
too completely to be recognis$ by ^?    
unacqua9t$ ) ! orig9al int5tion4 ,x %[s 
an old man1 hold+ a  lant]n al(t1 & by  
"s is reg>d$ z a wat*man call+ ! h\rs ( 
! night1 & by o!rs1 z ,diog5es se>*+ =  
an hone/ man4 ,b !  attributes or values
 giv5 to ! c>d r qu>rel ) ! design1 =   
!y signify fri5d%ip1 protection1 &      
wisdom4 ,! rod or /aff  signifies a     
pilgrim1 c]ta9ly an ov]se]1 & is a      
fav\rite emblem 9  ! ,bible1 z 9 ,psalms
 xxiii3#d1 ,?y rod & ?y /aff1 !y com=t  
me1  or1 9 ,isaiah x3#ae1 ,if ! /aff    
%\ld lift up4 ,x is ! cane ( !  m$ical  
man1 & repres5ts ! ,sceptre suit ( ! pip
 c>ds4 ,?is ,at\t  typifies /r5g? ( "*1 
philan?ropy1 ! wisdom ( sil5ce 9        
difficulties1 circumspection1 prud5ce1 &
 sympa?y2 9 %ort1 all !  qualities      
desirable 9 a fri5d4 ,! lett] is ,te?1  

:i* repres5ts a  ro( or place ( safety1 
sugge/+ ! idea ( a %elt] & protection   
giv5 by wisdom & =e?\ght4 ,! c>d also   
typifies human love &  humanity4        
,x4 ,,ruoto ,,della ,,=tuna    7,! ,:eel
 ( ,=tune7    ,?is ,at\t has _m & v>i\s 
connections ) ! sup]/itions (  anci5t   
days4 ,x is ! ,:eel ( ,=tune1 &1 among  
o!r ?+s1  repres5ts ,osiris judg+ ! s\ls
 ( ! dead4 ,anubis clamb]s up on "o     
side1 :ile ,typhon desc5ds on ! left ( !
 :eel4 ,!re are two  ideas1 says ,papus1
 express$ by ?is symbolic c>d4 ,! fir/  
is t (  supremacy1 ! second ( et]nity4  
,! =m] is typifi$ by ,anubis &  ,typhon 
climb+ or fall+1 "o rea*+ to ov]p[] !   
o!r1 :ile !  :eel turns et]nally1 lift+ 
fir/ "o & !n ! o!r4 ,?us x is 9  life1 =
 =tune *anges f good to bad ) unceas+   
regul>ity1  sometimes sl[ly & sometimes 
rapidly1 b always controll$ by an       
unkn[n =ce1 t is call$ luck4 ,! circle  
signifies et]nity1 & !  ,:eel ( ,=tune  
is "o ( ! olde/ kn[n symbols 9 ! _w4 ,x 
is  deem$ by "s to h its analogy 9 !    

,:eels ( ,ezekiel & (  ,py?agoras1 ) all
 ! significances atta*$ to ^! emblematic
  figures4 ,be+ numb]$ t51 its ,hebrew  
lett] is ,yod1 ! hi]oglyphic  mean+ (   
:i* is ! =ef+] ext5d$ z a sign ( comm&4 
,?is  sign ,illu/ration3 po9t+ f+] is   
recognis$ ev5 by !  un9itiat$1 & is "o (
 ! surviv+ attributes ( ,m]cury 9 common
  use to-day4 ,x 0 plac$ "u ! head (    
,m]cury1 :5 he 0 erect$  by ! roadside z
 ,t]m9us to po9t out a road4 ,9 e       
synagogue is  f\nd a po9t]1 call$ ,yod1 
because its long arm t]m9ates 9 a       
beautifully modell$ h&1 ) ! =ef+]       
out/ret*$4 ,?is is us$  by ! read] ( !  
,scriptures to keep ! place1 s9ce ! text
 is  writt5 9 f9e *>act]s n easily      
foll[$ )\t ! po9t+ f+]  ( ! ,yod4 ,!    
,:eel ( ,=tune typifies magic p[]1      
=tune1 expression  ( ! w ( ! gods1 or _!
 comm&s1 supremacy1 sup]/ition1 &  luck4
 ,anubis 0 ! conductor ( spirits to !   
judgm5t seat 7or  ,m]cury1 z ,*?onius72 
he also held ! balance 9 ! hall ( !     
dead4  ,he is call$ ,"l ( !             

,bury+-gr\nd1 & is repres5t$ z a        
jackal4 ,! ,:eel ( ,=tune is d]iv$ f    
,osiris1 on ! judgm5t seat1  ) ,anubis z
 assi/ant4      ,,xi4 ,,la ,,=za        
7,/r5g?7    ,?is ,at\t %[s a female     
figure1 we>+ ! my/ic hat1 or vital sign 
,illu/ration3 inf9ity symbol1 se5 on !  
,pagat1 or ! fir/ ,at\t4  ,! girl =ces  
op5 ! m\? ( a lion1 express+ vitality1  
=ce1  c\rage1 d>+4 ,x w\ld seem !       
anci5ts believ$ t1 9 suff]+ or  tr\ble a
 woman 0 sup]ior to a man1 = endurance &
 /r5g? ( m9d4    ,! figure also typifies
 innoc5ce1 s ! fable ( ,una & ! lion    
seems  to be depict$1 :e!r int5tionally 
or n4 ,ano!r symbol is t (  ! ,amazons1 
:o pret5d$1 say mod]n writ]s1 to great  
/r5g?1 9  spite ( be+ wom51 b !         
translations ( "s ( ! cunei=m  tablets  
lead "o to suppose t ^! female w>riors 7
 m not$ 9  _! own times = _! wit ?an =  
_! /r5g?4 ,! value giv5 to  ! c>d       
indicates x to be "u ! protection (     
,m9]va4 ,! ,hebrew  lett] = ?is c>d is  
,kaph1 :i* typifies a grasp+ h&4 ,?is   

c>d  repres5ts subtle & my/ic occultism1
 ) its influ5ce ov] mank9d2  9 fact1    
female *>ity4 ,x recalls1 by its co/ume 
& attributes1 !  ,egyptian goddess      
,nei?1 ^: temple 0 at ,sais1 ! *ief city
 ( !  ,delta4 ,%e we>s a peculi> emblem 
on h] head1 sometimes call$ a  %uttle1  
recall+ ! device ( ! ,at\t4 ,mr4        
,rawl9son1 9 8  ,anci5t ,egypt 7page    
#cdb71 says ! inscription on h] %r9e    
reads3 ,i  am all t 01 & is1 & is to be4
 ,no mortal ha? lift$ my veil4 ,!  la/  
expression w\ld be und]/ood 9 ,egypt1 = 
! lift+ ( ! veil  is ! conclusion ( !   
m>riage s]vice1 :5 ! bridegroom sees 8  
wife = ! fir/ "t4 ,!re=e1 "o mean+ ( !  
c>d is a bride4      ,,xii4 ,l',,appeso 
7,! ,hang$ ,man7    ,! hang$ man is a   
rem>kable figure on ! twelf? leaf ( !   
,book (  ,?o?4 ,! p]son is susp5d$ by "o
 foot f a gibbet t is crudely  made1 by 
plac+ a b> 9 ! =k ( two opposite trees t
 h be5  lopp$ ( o!r bran*es4 ,! h&s are 
ti$ beh9d1 & ! "r leg  crosses ! left1  
by :i* ! figure is susp5d$4 ,?is peculi>

 =m (  puni%m5t 0 at "o "t inflict$ =   
c]ta9 k9ds ( crimes 9  ,etruria1 & 0    
probably typical :5 x 0 adopt$4 ,x has  
be5  sugge/$ t "o ( ! signs (           
recognition betwe5 ,freemasons consi/s  
9 cross+ ! legs1 al?\gh ^! p]sons       
g5]ally rema9 upright &  are n          
contortioni/s1 s x is difficult to      
conc$e ?is connection )  ! figure on !  
,at\t4 ,x %[s a "y man1 :o is said to be
 !  ,pagat1 or inquir]1 ( ! fir/ ,at\t1 
:o1 hav+ pass$ ?r\gh !  temptations (   
y\?1 beg9s to aspire to an e?ical       
future4 ,?is is  exemplifi$ by 8        
position1 indicat+ discipl9e1 or        
submission to a  sup]ior w4 ,p]haps     
ano!r idea is1 t s9ce all ! blood has   
run  to 8 head1 ! p[]s ( k are          
conc5trat$1 & w be  increas$4 ,! c>d    
expresses equilibrium1 *>ity1 c\rage1 k 
&  prud5ce2 also wisdom & fidelity4     
,lam$ is ! correspond+ ,hebrew  lett]2 x
 designates ! arm1 s is1 !re=e1 connect$
 ) expansive  p[] & movem5t1 z appli$ to
 all ideas ( ext5sion1 ( occupation1  ( 

possession4 ,! figure be+ rais$ above ! 
e>?1 & 9 a position  ( pa91 toge!r )    
humility1 typifies a m9d )drawn f       
temporal  ideas1 or a m>tyr to sci5ce4  
,vulcan is suppos$ to be ! ,olympian god
  typifi$ by ,l',appeso1 n only on      
acc\nt ( ! /rong arm1 b also  because he
 0 ?r[n out ( heav5 & lam$ = life4      
,,xiii4 ,,la ,,morte 7,dea?7    ,?is    
?irte5? ,at\t is repres5t$ on "s c>ds z 
a skeleton m[+  (f ! heads ( m51 on "s z
 a rid] on a :ite horse1 & on o!rs  on a
 black "o4 ,!re is an old prov]b3 ,dea? 
comes rid+ on a :ite  horse1 & sometimes
 ! cl\ds betok5+ ra9 are call$ ! :ite   
horses ( dea?4 ,"o ( ! horses ( ,aurora 
0 call$ ,abraxas1 !  num]ical value ( ^!
 lett]s summ+ up ?ree hundr$ &          
sixty-five1  or ! numb] ( ! days ( !    
ye>4 ,! occult mean+s atta*$ to  ?is c>d
 & its numb] 9 ! ,at\ts are well kn[n1 =
 ! latt] is  connect$ ) bad luck or dea?
 9 all ,european c\ntries1 & 9 e  place 
:]e ! wor%ip ( ,m]cury or ! ,h]metic    
art1 z connect$ )  c>ds1 has p5etrat$4  

,x is n s reg>d$1 h[ev]1 by savage      
tribes1  :o h n foll[$ ?is cult4 ,?is   
sup]/ition is1 !re=e1 by _m  deem$ to be
 "o ( ! pro(s t ! c>ds 7 desc5d$ f ^?   
my/]ies4 ,x is suppos$ t ?is image (    
,dea? 0 ! half-way  position 9 ! temple 
( ,?o?1 & !re=e divid$ ! ,at\ts to !  "r
 & to ! left1 s9ce !y 7 plac$ 9 sequ5ce 
on bo? sides4  ,?o? ,h]mes1 ! unnumb]$  
,at\t1 0 repres5t$ by a /atue t  occupi$
 ! c5tre ( ! build+1 "u :i* /ood an     
alt>4 ,on ?is  alt> ! rods 7or pip c>ds7
 7 ?r[n :5 consult+ ! oracle4 ,at  any  
rate1 ! alt> 7or its rema9s7 occupies ! 
c5tre ( ! ru9s (  ! temple ( ,m]cury1 at
 ,bai4 ,! c5tral position ( ,dea? 0     
deem$  to indicate ! divid+ p]iod ( a   
man's life4 ,! inquir]1 aft]  consult+ !
 pictur$ figures1 repres5t+ ! family1   
religion1  gov]nm5t1 & fri5ds ( ! beg9n+
 ( 8 life1 n[ le>n$ ( !  m s]i\s affairs
 ( lat] ye>s1 n necess>ily dea? or bad  
=tune1  b1 r1 a trans=m+ =ce1 s9ce ?is  
,at\t m>k$ su* a di/9ct  epo* 9 ! pa? ( 
life1 & 0 to be consid]$ mo/ s]i\sly4   

,/ill  ! c>d also port5ds sorr[1        
de/ruction1 & dea?4 ,! lett] is ,mem1   
mean+ f]tility & =mation1 or !          
developm5t ( ! be+ 9 an  unlimit$ space1
 p]haps reg5]ation aft] de/ruction1 or  
immortality 9  ano!r _w4      ,,xiv4    
,,la ,,temp]an 7,temp]ance7    ,x is    
probable t ?is figure 0 int5d$ = ,nut or
 ,neph?ys4 ,( h]  b little is positively
 kn[n1 &1 s f>1 no temple erect$ to h]  
has  be5 discov]$4 ,%e 0 call$ ! wife ( 
,seb1 & ! "m ( ,osiris4  ,h] titles are 
! ,eld]1 ! ,"m ( ! ,gods1 & ! ,nurse4   
,%e  is usually repres5t$ z veil$ & p\r+
 a liquid f a vase4 ,h]  figure         
frequ5tly appe>s 9 tombs1 z if %e 0 !   
gu>dian angel or  protector ( ! dead    
s\l4 ,?is idea ( an oblation to ! gods1 
?r\gh  p\r+ w9e or oil be=e !m1 is f\nd 
to be common among !  ,babylonians1 & to
 p\r oil on ! tr\bl$ wat]s is no m]e    
figure (  spee*4    ,! f\rte5? ,at\t is 
repres5t$ z a w+$ female p\r+ liquid f  
"o jug to ano!r1 signify+ individual &  
corporeal exi/5ce1  production1         

fruition1 heal?1 temp]ance1 economy &   
(fspr+4 ,its  lett] is ,nun1 signify+   
fruit ( any k9d & all ?+s produc$4      
,neptune is typifi$ by "o ( 8 nymphs    
(f]+ an oblation :5  m+l+ ! wat]s4 ,!re 
may be a remote & m occult connection ) 
?is device & div9ation1 = "o ( ! e>lie/ 
me?ods ( consult+  ! gods 0 ?r\gh p\r+  
wat] on oil1 or oil on wat]1 &          
progno/icat+ f ! results4 ,?is process  
is f\nd to h be5 us$  among !           
,babylonians z e>ly z two ?\s& five     
hundr$ ye>s be=e  ,*ri/4 ,two books h   
be5 discov]$ on ?is subject t give full 
directions = consult+ ! wi%es ( ! gods  
?r\gh ^? means1 &  !y h be5 fully       
translat$ by ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,ungnad4 ,"o   
is1  ,int]pretations ( ! ,future among !
 ,babylonians & ,assyrians1 &  9 x are  
f\nd _m directions = discov]+ ! wi%es ( 
! gods1  su* z3 ,if ! oil fills ! cup1 !
 p]son dies2 ,if ! oil floats  on wat]  
to ! ea/1 ! p]son w die2 ,if to ! "r1 x 
is good  luck1 if to ! left1 x is       
mis=tune4 ,! "n1 ,temp]ance1 giv5 to    

?is c>d1 seems to be r mislead+ & mod]n1
 s9ce ! picture  evid5tly typifies ?is  
mo/ anci5t cu/om4      ,,xv4 ,,il       
,,diavolo 7,! ,devil7    ,set1 or       
,sute*1 ! pr9ciple ( evil1 :o is        
connect$ ) ! my? (  ,osiris1 ne$s b     
little explanation4 ,ev5 mod]ns c       
compreh5d at a  glance all t x typifies4
 ,mgr4 ,antonio ,dragoni is "o ( !      
e>lie/  p]sons to id5tify ?is c>d ) ,set
 or ,typho1 ! son ( ,seb1 :o 0  ! bro!r 
( ,osiris1 & "o ( ! g5iuses ( evil4 ,any
 "o :o has  attempt$ to read ! my? (    
,osiris w appreciate ! difficulties (   
unravell+ x4 ,! ,hyksos1 or %eph]d k+s1 
select$ ,set z _! sole  deity1 & ,seti  
,i assum$ 8 "n1 ?us plac+ himself "u !  
protection ( ! evil "o4 ,aft]w>ds !     
wor%ip ( ,set ceas$ entirely  & he 0    
abhorr$4 ,! long e>s reta9$ on ! figure 
( ! fifte5?  ,at\t m>k ! connection )   
,set1 = t 0 "o ( 8 di/+ui%+  attributes4
 ,! ,hebrew lett] t repres5ts ?is c>d is
 ,za91 :i*  means arr[1 or any weapon ( 
de/ruction4 ,! int5tion ( ?is ,at\t is  

de/9y1 *ance1 fatality1 sup]/ition1     
illness1 temptation2 x  repres5ts a _s (
 evil1 hatr$1 jeal\sy1 & suspicion4     
,,xvi4 ,,la ,,torre 7,! ,t[]7    ,9 ?is 
leaf1 a build+ /ruck by lightn+ is      
portray$1 ?r\gh a  ?und]bolt %ot by     
,jupit]1 & convey$ by ! ,mess5g]1       
,m]cury4 ,!  lightn+ god 0 "o ( ,nebo's 
titles1 & ! m>k is reta9$ on !          
,japanese c>ds1 al?\gh probably         
accid5tally1 s9ce !re is no  connection 
betwe5 _! play+ c>ds & ! orig9al ,at\ts4
 ,"s  writ]s call ?is t[] ! ca/le (     
,plutus 7! ,roman god ( weal?71  deem+ x
 a w>n+ to mis]s1 = x recalls ! leg5d   
relat+ to an  incid5t 9 ! life (        
,rameses ,,ii1 record$ 9 ,h]odotus4 ,!  
,ph>aoh  ord]$ a t[] to be built = 8    
treasures1 & he alone _h its key1  b    
daily he discov]$ t 8 valuables 7       
disappe>+1 al?\gh  !re 0 only "o egress4
 ,a wat* 0 set1 & x 0 f\nd t two (  !   
sons ( ! ar*itect c\ld ent] by displac+ 
a /one1 t _h be5  left = ! purpose (    
?iev+1 & :5 ! m5 7 entrapp$ inside1  !y 

?rew !mselves headlong f ! t[]4 ,?is    
picture %[s a  connection ) ,egyptian   
leg5d t mu/ n be disreg>d$ 9 seek+ to   
trace ! ,t>ots to ! my/]ies ( ,?o?4     
,besides1 "s p]sons believe  t ! c>d    
repres5ts ! de/ruction ( ! temples (    
,babylon1 &  due weight mu/ be giv5 to !
 significance aw>d$ by t p to  lightn+1 
:5 consult+ ! gods ?r\gh div9ation1     
p>ticul>ly z x  0 ! weapon ( ,jove      
7,m]oda*71 :o 0 connect$ ) ! ,baal ( !  
,bible1 & sometimes wor%ipp$ z ,enlil1  
:o 0 frequ5tly implor$ n  to de/roy 8 p 
by lightn+4 ,b !re are o!r leg5ds       
connect$  ) ! de/ruction ( anci5t       
temples t are ev5 old] ?an t (  ,egypt1 
& we are lucky to h access to "o t has  
lately be5  translat$ f ! ,sum]ian      
language1 writt5 9 cunei=m *>act]s on   
"o ( ! tablets discov]$ by ,pr(4 ,h]man 
,v4 ,hilpre*t 9 ! ,temple  ,libr>y (    
,nippur4 ,above two hundr$ ( !m 7 ( a   
religi\s or  hi/orical "*1 :i* he set   
ap>t = ! well-kn[n s*ol>1  ,doctor      
,radau1 to translate4 ,^! relat$ *iefly 

to ! wor%ip ( !  gods ( ! second dyna/y 
( ,ur1 or ab\t two ?\s& five hundr$ ye>s
  be=e ,*ri/4 ,al?\gh ! beg9n+ ( !      
,babylonian religion1 z  portray$ 9 ^!  
tablets1 says ,doctor ,radau1 9         
,miscellane\s ,sum]ian  ,texts f !      
,temple ,libr>y ( ,nippur 7page #chi71  
has to be s\ght  some:]e at ab\t #egjj  
,b4 ,c41 :5 ! religions ( ,babylon 7    
sy/ematiz$4 ,"o tablet relates h[ a k+ (
 t p]iod conqu]$ 8  enemies ) ! help ( !
 *ief god1 :o at t "t 0 nam$ ,enlil1  ! 
,gov]nor ( ! gods1 ! god :o de/9es fate4
 ,x 0 8 son1  ,nebo1 :o 0 8 confid5tial 
mess5g]1 8 lightn+-rod1 & :o  wrote on !
 tablets ( ,fate ! decrees ( ! supreme  
be+ at !  bir? ( ea* mortal4 ,x may be  
not$ t ,nebo is giv5 a diff]5t  fa!r at 
diff]5t times1 b s x is 9 ! my?ologies z
 n[  int]pret$2 ! olde/ acc\nts "n !    
*ief gods1 ^: qualities &  symbols lat] 
became m]g$ 9 m mod]n ones1 & !y 7 giv5 
diff]5t names at v>i\s times1 :i* is mo/
 confus+4 ,! great  temple consecrat$ to
 ,enlil is call$ ,e-,kur1 & is at       

,nippur4 ,?is "n  = ?is p>ticul>        
tab]nacle became ! common "n = temple 9 
g5]al 7page #daa74 ,no k+ ( ,babylon    
v5tur$ to d any?+ or take  any /ep )\t  
kiss+ ! h& ( ,enlil1 to obta9 8 cons5t &
  approval4 ,accord+ to ,doctor ,radau1 
,enlil 0 aft]w>ds succe$$ or  displac$  
by ,m>duk 7! ,m]oda* ( ! ,bible1 & !    
,jupit] ( !  ,romans71 al?\gh !         
supremacy ( ,enlil la/$ "s ?ree ?\s&    
five  hundr$ ye>s1 q long en\gh to leave
 an impression on ! ,book (  ,fate4 ,"o 
( ! tablets translat$ f ! ,sum]ian      
language has be5  giv5 almo/ lit]ally1 &
 is an invocation to ,enlil1 bewail+ !  
de/ruction & begg+ = ! re/oration ( !   
pr9cipal cities (  ,babylonia1 toge!r ) 
! temples t _h be5 de/roy$1 :i* 71  9   
fact1 ! homes ( ! prie/s1 :o always     
dwelt 9 ! sanctu>ies4  ,doctor ,radau   
7page #ddd7 calls ! song1 ,! ,lam5tation
 ( ! ,goddess  ,n91 ( ! ,city ( ,m>1 :o 
0 call$ ,n9-,m>4 ,he gives a lit]al     
translation ( ! cunei=m text ( ! tablet 
t has a well-def9$  metre1 & is divid$  

into sections4 ,! fir/ ?ree v]ses are an
  invocation to ,enlil1 ! supreme god1  
by ?is goddess1 ,n9-,m>1 :o  decl>es t  
%e is ,mi/ress ( ,m>1 :o1 ?r\gh ! p[]   
grant$ to  h] by ,enlil1 0 once able to 
de/roy ! enemies ( h] c\ntry & lay  wa/e
 _! l&s1 b ! p[] has left h]1 z h] ,ma/]
 sleeps4  ,n9-,m> gets a sympa!tic god1 
nam$ ,n9-ib1 to s+ a hymn ) h]1 9  :i* !
 de/roy$ temples are rec\nt$4 ,n9-ib 0 !
 sol> deity (  ,nippur1 also a w> god1 b
 incl9$ to be b5efic5t to mank9d4 ,"o ( 
8 titles 0 ! w>rior1 & he is id5tifi$ z 
! planet ,saturn4  ,8 symbol 0 a man ) a
 lion's head4    ,,to ,,enlil4      ,oh1
 ,enlil1 :o plac$ on ! wat]s      ,a    
%elt] = m5 & = all1    ,great ,god1 :o  
creates & !n slaught]s1      ,come1 h>k 
to ! *ildr5's call4        ,n9-,m>1 !   
smit] ( m\nta9s1 ,i sigh1 ,i sigh2      
,enlil1 to !e ,i cry1 cry1 cry4         
,%all ! ,mi/ress ( ,m> & 8 daught]s1    
,8 doves & ! broods on _! ne/s1    ,%all
 _! homes be ca/ out on ! wat]s1        
,:ile _! ,ma/] is ly+ at re/8           

,n9-,m>1 :o 0 ! de/roy] ( l&s1 ,i sigh1 
,i sigh2        ,enlil1 to !e ,i cry1   
cry1 cry4      ,exalt$ "o6 ,li/5 to     
plead+s1      ,= my ,nippur n[ cov]s its
 face2    ,my ,e-,kur1 my ,ki-,ur h     
vani%$1      ,may all be re/or$ to _!   
place4        ,x is ,m>1 ! smit] (      
m\nta9s1 ,i sigh1 ,i sigh2              
,enlil1 to !e ,i cry1 cry1 cry4    ,,!  
,,hymn4      ,great ,nippur1 & ,e-,kur &
 ,ki-,ur ) ,girsu h p]i%$ 9 flame1      
,!n h>k51 oh1 p[]ful ,enlil1 & re/ore !m
 to greatness & fame4    ,oh1 !n %all ?y
 cities exalt !e1 ?y h>ems1 ?y *ildr51  
?y          l&s1    ,! doves :i* fly ov]
 ! t[]s1 ! temples t rise f !           
s&s4    ,we pray t ?y days may be       
l5g!n$1 ?y cities1 l m\nta9s1           
arise2    ,!n op5 ?y e>s1 mighty ,enlil1
 to ?y *ildr5's mo/ sorr[ful cries4     
,li/5 to ,n9-,m>1 its ,mi/ress1 ,i sigh1
 ,i sigh2        ,enlil1 to !e ,i cry1  
cry1 cry4    ,! ,at\t ( ! ,t[] typifies 
! money pip ( ! c>ds1 ) all (  its      
mundane significances1 s its mean+ is   

easily translat$ z  int5d+ sorr[1       
de/ruction1 vice1 desc5t1 p]v]s5ess1    
wick$ness1  deg5]ation4 ,ay9 is ! lett] 
( la maison de dieu1 or le feu de  ciel1
 z ! c>d is v>i\sly call$1 & bo? its    
design & its  complem5t>y lett] express 
all t is crook$1 bad1 & false4          
,,xvii4 ,,le ,,/elle 7,! ,/>s7    ,?is  
,at\t %[s a "y woman b5ea? ! my/]y ( !  
/>s1 !  sev5 />s ( ! ,bible1 t 7 ! sev5 
planets ( antiquity4 ,!  "n /> is d]iv$ 
f t ( ,i%t>1 ! great ,babylonian        
goddess4  ,! c5tral & mo/ brilliant />  
on ! ,at\t repres5ts ,m]cury z !  god ( 
spee*1 or ! transmitt] ( ! wi%es ( gods 
to m51 or ,nebo1  ! writ] on ! tablets (
 ,fate4 ,! ,dog ,/> 0 call$ ,?o? by !   
,egyptians1 :o also consid]$ ?is god !  
au?or ( spee*1 language1  & writ+1 l 8  
pr$ecessor1 ,nebo1 ^: m\nta9 0 at ! pla9
  ( ,moab1 7,deut]onomy xxxiv3#a71 & he 
also _h ! same planet d$icat$  to him4  
,he1 ! diff]5tiat+ lett]1 means voice or
 spee*1 j z  ,nebo1 or ,nabi1 means     
prophet1 proclaim]4 ,hebe1 :o succe$$   

,m]cury1 z  cupbe>] to ! gods1 repres5ts
 him "h disp5s+ ! ess5ce ( life  equally
 betwe5 two jugs2 &1 to c>ry !          
resemblance /ill fur!r1 !  picture      
recalls oblations to ,osiris1 :i* 7     
typical ( ! m+l+ (  life & p[]1 z       
exemplifi$ by p\r+ out wat] :5 /&+ on ! 
e>?4 ,?us1 two ( ! elem5ts are %[n1 a   
?ird "o hav+ be5  repres5t$ 9 ! lightn+ 
( ! prec$+ c>d4 ,! diff]5t  connections 
betwe5 ! c]emonies ( ! anci5ts ) ! ,cup 
& !  cupbe>] h be5 describ$ 9 ! *apt]   
relat+ to t emblem4 ,on  "s ( ! olde/ ( 
! ,at\ts1 be=e _! designs became confus$
 by  ignorant arti/s1 :5 "s ( ! mo/     
di/9ctive emblems 7 omitt$1  or alt]$1 a
 gazelle /&s beh9d ! woman4 ,?is /ill   
fur!r %[s  ! connection ( ?is c>d ) old 
,egyptian leg5ds1 = x 0 said  t !       
gazelle gave w>n+ ( ! ris+ ( ! ,nile1 by
 flee+ to !  des]t1 ev5 be=e !          
inhabitants expect$ ! flood4 ,! gazelle 
is  sacr$ to ,osiris4 ,?is animal is    
also reta9$ on "o ( ! pip c>ds (  !     
,spani% pack4 ,! ,/>s typify            

immortality1 creation1 hope1 song1      
music1 spee*1 & ! connection betwe5     
humanity & a supreme p[]4 ,x  w be      
recall$ t all ^! ?+s 7 attribut$ to     
,m]cury1  ,?o?1 & ,nebo4 ,a god p\r+ a  
liquid f "o vessel to ano!r is          
frequ5tly f\nd on ,egyptian seal        
cyl9d]s4 ,x is g5]ally ! sun god1       
al?\gh o!r gods are frequ5tly repres5t$4
    ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,italian      
,,t>ots    ,pip ,c>ds ( ! ,rod ,suit    
#dc ,ace ( ,rods        #dd ,deuce (    
,rods        #de ,trey ( ,rods          
#df ,f\r ( ,rods        #dg ,five (     
,rods        #dh ,six ( ,rods           
,,xviii4 ,,la ,,luna 7,! ,moon7    ,!   
eighte5? ,at\t speaks = itself4 ,!      
leg5ds connect$ ) x are  f> spread1 b   
all are practically ! same4 ,two dogs   
bay at ! moon1  t is repres5t$ at ! top 
( ! picture4 ,!y are symbols ( ,m>duk1  
:i* seem to h little connection "h4 ,a  
crawfi% crawls f !  wat] to l&4 ,!      
mean+s are manifold1 = ! lett] ,tzaddi  
7al?\gh  its hi]oglyphic idea is simil> 

to t ( ,te? on ! n9? c>d7 has  diff]5t  
significances1 accord+ to its position 9
 a ^w4 ,x *iefly  means an aim1 an end1 
a succession1 & its value v>ies4    ,!  
occult significance ( ?is ,at\t is !    
mat]ial body1 ) its  gratifications1 su*
 z g\rm&is+1 dr9k+1 covet\sness1 gambl+1
  selfi%ness1 & ! dang] (               
self-indulg5ce4 ,!n1 also1 ! c>d w>ns  (
 hidd5 dang]s1 enemies1 & accid5ts1     
repres5t+1 besides !  ibis-head$ ,?o?1 !
 god ( lett]s4 ,to discov] all its      
significances1  ! eighte5? c>d mu/ be   
/udi$ ) due reg>d to conditions1        
position1 & ! mean+ ( ^? adjo9+ x1 all (
 :i* aid 9  deciph]+ ! obscure int5tions
 ( ?is leaf1 t is assign$ 9  my?ology to
 ,diana4      ,,xix4 ,,il ,,sole 7,!    
,sun7    ,a repres5tation ( ! sun is !  
design on ! n9ete5? ,at\t1 !  accompany+
 lett] ( :i* is ,zoph1 signify+ a       
def5sive weapon4 ,?is  ,at\t indicates !
 elem5ts1 preci\s /ones1 & m9]als2 an   
awak+1  revival1 excitem5t1 transition1 
nutrition & dige/ion2 also  self-e/eem1 

indulg5ce1 eag]ness to make money1 &    
probable success by  self-ex]tion2 also 
a worldly p]son1 or a happy m>riage4 ,! 
god ,ra is  repres5t$ by ! sun 9        
,egyptian my?ology4 ,he 0 greatly rev]$ 
by  "s ( ! ,ph>aohs1 su* z ,rameses1 :o 
adopt$ 8 "n4      ,,xx4 ,,il ,,giudizio 
7,! ,judgm5t7    ,! ,day ( ,judgm5t is !
 symbol ( ?is ,at\t1 & its lett] is     
,re%1  repres5t+ typically ! head ( man4
 ,! picture %[s an angel  bl[+ a trumpet
 f ! cl\ds1 :ile bel[1 ! e>? is yawn+1  
to  all[ ! dead to rise4 ,?is is a      
/range emblem to be plac$ among !  hea!n
 leaves1 = x is peculi>ly ,*ri/ian 9 its
 significances2 b  ev5 ! olde/ designs  
%[ x pictur$ 9 ?is way4 ,z x /&s1 x     
expresses motion1 movem5t1 travels1     
readju/m5ts1 orig9ality1  det]m9ation1  
respiration1 & reg5]ation4 ,!n1 also1 x 
typifies  sc5]y1 skill1 & arti/ic       
capabilities4 ,! ,romans d$icat$ x to   
,pluto1 ! rul] ( ! ne!r _w4 ,x has _m ( 
! attributes (  ,i%t>1 ! goddess ( !    
,babylonians1 f ^: "n ,ea/] is d]iv$4   

,%e repres5t$ spr+1 & 0 ! protector (   
vegetation1 gr[?1 &  agriculture4 ,!    
angel bl[+ ! trumpet is a v old design1 
& "o  (t5 us$ on tombs or c5otaphs4 ,x  
recalls ,!odore ,hook's witty epitaph   
on ,"l de ,ros1 ( :om little good c\ld  
be said1 & :o 0 accus$ (  *eat+ at c>ds1
 b ^: family erect$ a f9e monum5t to 8  
memory1  on :i* 0 ! repres5tation ( !   
angel ( ! ,resurrection4 ,"u x  ,hook   
wrote3 ,"h ,,lies ,engl&'s ,premi] ,b>on
 pati5tly wait+ !  la/ trump4           
,,xxi4 ,,il ,,mondo 7,! ,_w7    ,?is c>d
 %[s ! nude figure ( a woman1 9 an      
ellipse ( leaves &  fl[]s1 ! victor's   
wrea? ( ! ,grecians4 ,%e repres5ts v]ity
 or  tru?4 ,9 ! f\r corn]s are ! emblems
 ( ! apo/les t ,/4 ,john  borr[$ f      
,ezekiel1 & ! latt] f ,assyria &        
,babylonia4 ,^!  are ! ,man1 ,lion1     
,bull & ,eagle4 ,besides typify+ !      
apo/les1 !y1  9 a mann]1 sugge/ ! f\r   
attributes ( ! pip suits1 & also !  f\r 
elem5ts4 ,! inscrutable-look+ man       
repres5ts bra91 k1  & my/]y4 ,! ox      

typifies /r5g?1 & ! lion c\rage1 :ile ! 
eagle sugge/s inspiration & ! p[] ( so>+
 above mundane affairs4  ,^! f\r emblems
 repres5t also ! f\r seasons1 :5 ! ox   
/&s =  autumn1 ! man = w9t]1 ! lion =   
summ]1 & ! eagle = spr+2  s ! complex   
mean+ ( ! tw5ty-fir/ ,at\t sugge/s t !  
head or  wisdom ( man prescribes ! w ( !
 ox1 ! c\rage ( ! lion1 &  ! aspirations
 ( ! bird1 ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,tru?4 ,!      
attributes (  ! designs on ! c>ds are   
also includ$ 9 ?is leaf f ! book (      
,?o?4 ,! w& t ! figure holds repres5ts !
 ,/ave1 or caduceus1  or magic w& (     
,a>on1 t 0 kept = a tok51 z well z fire4
 ,!  ,cup betok5s ! s\?1 & summ]1 &     
wat]4 ,! ,sword1 e>?1 & !  ,co9 7or     
,r+71 et]nity & air4 ,il ,mondo's lett] 
is ,tau1 :i*  symbolises p]fection4 ,!  
mean+ ( ! :ole c>d cov]s ! elem5ts  (   
success1 luck1 happ9ess1 m>riage1       
cont5tm5t1 bliss4      ,,xxii4 ,,il     
,,matto 7,! ,fool7    ,! tw5ty-second   
,at\t has no numb] ^u x1 & is call$ ,le 
,f\1 ,il  ,matto1 or ! ,jok]4 ,x is !   

presid+ deity himself1 ,?o?1 ,nebo1 or  
,m]cury1 9 all 8 v>i\s moods1 ) all 8 _m
 qualifications4 ,^!  are d5ot$ by !    
c>ds t fall ne> him1 :5 be+ dealt1 t are
  controll$ or influ5c$ by 8 ov]:elm+   
p]sonality &  qualifications4 ,he       
g5]ally br+s news & good luck4 ,c\nt    
,p>ravic9o  decl>es3 ! ,italian "n is   
d]iv$ f an ,egyptian "o1 ,mat1 :i*      
signifies beg9n+s or p]fection4 ,! c>d  
repres5ts ev]y?+ t  is typical (        
,m]cury1 su* z irresponsibility1 ) all  
its  consequ5ces4 ,! figure ( ,il ,matto
 c>ries ! attributes ( ,m]cury3  ! /aff 
he holds 9 8 h&1 :ile a purse dangles f 
8 side4 ,he is  travell+ or walk+1 z if 
c>ry+ news1 or a message1 & also        
sugge/s a w&]]1 a p$l]1 or a m]*ant4    
,motion1 en]gy1 & luck are  express$1 z 
well z fickl5ess1 incon/ancy1 &         
unconv5tionality t  may am\nt to        
insanity4 ,! lett] is ,%91 & expresses  
cyclic movem5t4  ,9 "s ( ! old ,italian 
,t>ots1 ,il ,matto is repres5t$ z be+   
nak$1  or else 9 tatt]$ g>m5ts1 l a     

begg>1 :5 he symbolises folly1          
frivolity1 or *ance4 ,9 ! ,au/rian      
,t>ots he is dress$ l a  h>lequ91 or    
else simply ) cap & bells4 ,he is !     
gypsy w&]]1 z  we "k him1 believ$ by "s 
p]sons to be ! desc5dant ( ! ,egyptian  
prie/s ( ! temple ( ,s]apeon1 at        
,pozzuoli1 :o 7 =c$ to w&]  by !        
de/ruction ( ?is temple4    ,x mu/ be   
rememb]$ t no ,t>ots h be5 discov]$ t   
are ov]  five hundr$ ye>s old1 & t a    
great gap exi/s betwe5 ^! & !  my/]ies (
 ! temple ( ,?o?2 !re=e1 "s ( ! emblems 
or  symbols t we "k may n resemble ^? ( 
! orig9als4 ,we mu/  also recall t !re  
is m ?an "o cult repres5t$ among !      
,at\ts2  !re=e1 _m ( ! attributes (     
diff]5t deities are m+l$  confus+ly1    
p]haps1 on "o & ! same c>d4 ,! /ud5t is 
necess>ily  limit$ by conditions1 = _m (
 ! virtues accr$it$ to !  emblematic    
figures h be5 receiv$ traditionally1 or 
h be5  discov]$ by intuition1 & are     
attribut$ fir/ to "o god1 & !n to       
ano!r1 z ! /udy ( anci5t my?s or cults  

reveals a hi!rto  unexpect$ connection4 
,! int5tion ( ! ,at\ts1 z a :ole1 is !  
repres5tation ( a y\?  & 8 p>5ts or     
gov]nors & sponsors4 ,^! are foll[$ by  
ev]y?+ t c express human life1 su* z    
ambition1 love1 m>riage1  temptation1   
fri5d%ip1 luck1 trials1 illness1 hatr$1 
jeal\sy1 despair1  hope1 enemies1       
success1 & dea?4 ,:5 comb9$ ) ! pip     
c>ds1 !  :ole makes an int]e/+ game (   
life1 presid$ ov] by ! v]satile  god1   
,m]cury1 ! writ] on ! tablets ( ,fate4  
,! :ole ( ! ,t>ot pack has be5 call$ !  
,bible ( ! ,gypsies1  ! ,a?or ( !       
,egyptians1 ! ,?ora ( ! ,hebrews1 !     
,great ,book  ( ,?o? ,h]mes             
,trismegi/us1 & ! ,key ( ,?+s ,hidd5 f !
  ,beg9n+ ( ! ,_w2 s1 h[ %\ld poor      
mortals be able to unravel  all its     
secrets & lay !m b>e be=e an uncr$it+   
_w4          ,,*apt] ,,vii    ,,! ,,pips
 ,,( ,,! ,,t>ot ,,pack4      ,! numb]$  
or :at are te*nically kn[n z ! pip c>ds 
( ! ,t>ot  pack are divid$ l ^? ( m     
mod]n ones into f\r sets1 call$ by      

,engli%-speak+ p suits4 ,^! are head$ by
 f\r c\rt1 or  coate1 c>ds1 namely1 ,k+1
 ,que51 ,cavali]1 & ,knave1 mak+ "o m   
?an usual to ea* suit1 or fifty-six 9   
all4 ,besides ?is royal family1  !re are
 ! c>ds numb]$ f "o to t54 ,9 "s ( !    
games two or  m ( ! pip c>ds are dropp$1
 b ?is 0 ! orig9al pack4 ,9  ,g]many !re
 are only ?ree c\rt c>ds1 l ! ,fr5*     
ones1 b !re  is no female 9 ! set4 ,!   
,g]man suits are ,h]z51 ,grn51 ,ei*eln1 
&  ,s*ell52 ! ,spani%1 ,ba/os1 ,otos1   
,coppas1 & ,espadas2 ! ,italian1        
,ba/oni1 ,dan>i1 ,coppe1 & ,spade1 &    
,engli%1 ,rods1 ,money1 ,cups1 &        
,swords4 ,^! pips are emblematically    
display$ ?r\gh appropriate  symbols1 &1 
besides1 ea* ( !m repres5ts an idea & a 
numb]1 all  ( :i* are valuable assi/ants
 :5 gr\p+ ! c>ds1 9 ord] to  div9e _!   
hidd5 mean+s t are almo/ lo/ to u1      
al?\gh q  deciph]able by ^? :o held !   
key to ! anci5t my/]ies4    ,! reason = 
inv>iably hav+ f\r suits w\ld be        
incompreh5sible 7  x n recognis$ t !re 7

 f\r emblems t 7 peculi> to &  always   
repres5t$ ,m]cury1 namely1 8 ,caduceus1 
8 ,money1 8 ,*alice1  & 8 ,h>p or       
,sword1 :i* also typify ! f\r gr&       
divisions into  :i* ! classes ( p 7     
divid$ all ov] ! kn[n _w ( !  day1      
p>ticul>ly 9 ,egypt1 = !y 7 ,workm51    
,m]*ants1 ,*ur*m5  & ,soldi]s1 :o 7     
easily recognis$ ?r\gh ! symbols4 ,if   
any man  ( "o ( ^! ca/es wi%$ to consult
 ! oracle he select$ ! emblem  ( 8 class
 & 9 ?is way communicat$ to ! god 8     
/atus 9 !  community4    ,s9ce f\r 0 n a
 favorite numb] among ! my/ics1 !re c\ld
 h  be5 no o!r reason = select+ t numb] 
= divid+ ! pack into  suits1 & none o!r 
has be5 sugge/$ by /ud5ts4 ,z x /&s1 x  
%[s t x 0 arrang$ sci5tifically & ) a   
decid$ly  well-consid]$ purpose t met   
all ! requirem5ts ( ! wor%ipp]s  at !   
temple ( ,m]cury4    ,t ! pips h ?is    
int]pretation seems natural1 = if x _h  
be5  int5d$ to select lucky devices     
common at ! "t x is m probable  t a     
swatzka1 a circle = immortality1 or a   

:eel or p]haps an ankh1  t 7 fav\rites  
among ! ,egyptians w\ld h be5 *os51 s9ce
 all  ^! devices are q z old &          
significant z ! ones adopt$1 be+        
closely connect$ ) my/icism1 x seems to 
be suffici5t pro( t !  ones select$ 7   
tak5 because !y repres5t$ ,m]cury1 s ^! 
pips  mu/ be consid]$ valuable l9ks 9 ! 
*a9 connect+ !m ) 8  wor%ip1 ev5 if !y  
/ood alone & 7 n support$ by e c>d 9  ! 
,at\t "p ( ! ,t>ots4    ,t ! religions1 
sup]/itions & deities ( ,asia1 ,africa &
 ,europe  h m+l$ f "t to "t !re is no   
d\bt4 ,e4 ,levi1 9 8 ,dogme  et ,ritual 
7,vol4 ,,ii1 page #bcj71 says3 ,pass+ f 
,india to ,egypt )  its occultism1 & !n 
to ! ,hebrews & _! !osophy1 ! /ick 7or  
! w&7 corresponds ) ! ,phallus ( !      
,egyptians & ! ,yod ( !  ,hebrews t is  
us$ to po9t to ! s5t5ce read f !        
,scriptures4  ,?us ! vase 7or cup7 (    
,m]cury is ! ,cteis1 & ! primitive ,he1 
!  ,sword1 is ! conjunction ( ! ,phallus
 & ! ,cteis repres5t$ 9  ,hebrew ant]ior
 to ! captivity by ! ,vau1 :ile !       

,circle or ,money  t may be vulg>ly     
consid]$ ! emblem ( ! _w is ! f9al ,he (
  ! div9e "n4 ,?us we h                 
,jod-,he-,vau-,he1 or conv5tionally     
pron\nc$  ,jehovah4    ,! w& or /aff ( !
 ,t>ots repres5ts ! c>ds z !y 7         
orig9ally us$ = div9ation1 :5 a bundle (
 arr[s1 ( rods1 (  /raws or ( /icks 7   
ga!r$ toge!r & ca/ d[n be=e ! images  9 
! temple1 s t _! direction might be not$
 & inf]5ces drawn  z to ! wi%es ( !     
gods4    ,div9ation arr[s ) _m my/ic    
significances 7 common among all        
primitive nations4 ,! gold5 rod giv5 to 
,m]cury 0 evid5tly !  magician's w& us$ 
:5 ! plagues ( ,egypt 7 ov]:elm+ !  l&4 
,! /aff ( ,moses br\ght =? wat]1 :ile t 
( ,a>on curl$  into a s]p5t :5 x        
symbolis$ et]nity4 ,!re are few ( ! rock
  pictures ( ,egypt t d n repres5t _!   
,ph>aohs1 _! gods1 &  _! prie/s ) a     
sceptre1 a rod1 or a /aff z an emblem ( 
au?ority4  ,s x 0 typical 9 anci5t days1
 requir+ !n no explanation4 ,x may  be  
notic$ 9 ! ,at\ts t ! c>ds repres5t+ !  

div9ities %[  ea* god c>ry+ a /aff or   
sceptre4 ,?is fact greatly aids 9       
id5tify+ !m1 = ! old ,italian arti/s    
und]/ood en\gh to place  ! sceptre 9 !  
h& ( ! emp]or1 & give only a /aff to !  
h]mit or prie/4    ,div9+ arr[s h be5   
connect$ ) wor%ip f v e>ly days &       
probably prec$$ ! rods4 ,! =m] are      
m5tion$ m ?an once 9 !  ,bible1 & ! fir/
 v]ses ( ,numb]s xvii are p>ticul>ly    
int]e/+  z be+ a hi/orical ref]5ce to ! 
div9e comm&s to consult !  occult1 z    
well z m>k+ ! p]iod :5 rods 7 sub/itutes
 =  arr[s4 ,! ,"l spake unto ,moses1    
say+1 ',speak unto ! *ildr5 (  ,israel &
 take e "o ( !m a rod accord+ to ! h\se 
( _!  fa!rs 444 twelve rods3 write ?\ e 
man's "n ^u 8 rod4 ,&  ?\ %alt write    
,a>on's "n ^u ! rod ( ,levi3 = "o rod   
%all be  = ! head ( ! h\se ( _! fa!rs4  
,& ?\ %alt lay !m up 9  ! tab]nacle ( ! 
congregation be=e ! te/imony1 :]e ,i w  
meet  ) y4' ,x 0 ,a>on's rod t put =?   
leaves & fruit$1 %[+  t he 0 ! "o       
select$ by ! ,"l1 :o convey$ 8 comm&s 9 

?is way4    ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k :at
 7 ! di/9ctive symbols ( ea*  tribe1 b !
 only trace ( !m is f\nd 9 ,g5esis xlix1
 :i*  indicates t ,judah _h a lion or a 
sceptre4 ,! symbol ( ! uplift$  h&s /ill
 m>ks ! ,coh5 or ,a>on's desc5dant1 :ile
 ! ,mag5  ,dovid1 or ! %ield ( ,david1 !
 six-po9t$ />1 has be5 s widely  adopt$ 
by ,freemasons z to h become almo/      
id5tifi$ ) !m4 ,by  "s p x is call$     
,solomon's seal4    ,?is record ( m>k+  
or numb]+ ! rods is mo/ important1 =    
?r\gh x we trace ! orig9 ( ! m>ks :i* 9 
! h&s ( ! wily  ,egyptian prie/s 7      
aft]w>ds plac$ on mat]ial !y deem$ m    
conv5i5t ?an ! primitive arr[s1 su* z   
papyrus1 or p>*m5t1 ?us  conv]t+ ! div9+
 arr[s ( ! pa/ into pip c>ds z we n[ "k 
!m4 ,rods ) not*$ ends1 & also "s on :i*
 figures ( m5 are  cut1 h be5 lately    
f\nd 9 ! tombs at ,abydos4 ,! div9+ rods
 (  ! ,alaskan ,indians are giv5 numb]s 
by pa9t+ /ripes ( diff]5t  col\rs on !m1
 :ile ! rods ( ! ,haida ,isl& ,indians1 
(f ! coa/  ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 are         

diff]5tiat$ by tribal di/9ctions1 su* z 
!  ,be>1 ! ,tortoise1 & s =?4 ,! names (
 ! diff]5t families %[  h[ little !     
savage p h p>t$ f anci5t cu/oms4 ,!     
long1  ?91 arr[like pap] c>ds ( ,korea  
%[ ! same tribal m>ks4    ,z 9 ,biblical
 times ! rods 7 call$ aft] ! m5 :o us$  
!m z  repres5t+ ! rul] ( _! families1 s 
sub/itut+ _! pictures  0 probably ! next
 /ep4 ,! c>ds !n 7 numb]$ up to t51 :ile
  ! fa!r1 "m1 *ild1 & s]vant 7 repres5t$
 9 :at we "n  ,c\rt c>ds4 ,?is enabl$ a 
man to ask qu]ies ( ! gods 9 a mo/      
p>ticul> way4 ,%\ld he be a soldi] he   
w\ld select a ,sword emblem to  typify  
him & 8 family1 & !n1 lay+ ! c>ds ( t   
suit be=e  ! te/imony 7:i* signifies !  
tables ( /one or ! comm&m5ts71  he      
await$ ! answ] t 0 convey$ to him aft] !
 prie/ _h  consult$ ! c>ds ) ref]5ce to 
! way !y 7 dealt 9  connection ) !      
pictures on ! walls4    ,9 ,*9ese       
=tune-tell+ ! gambl]s resort to a %r9e (
 ! god (  w>1 says ,mr4 ,cul91 9 ,korean
 ,games 7page #bc71 & ?r[ numb]$  arr[s 

or /icks to div9e ! wi%es ( ! gods1 :ile
 sometimes pap]  lots are employ$4 ,!   
arr[s are kept 9 a tube l a quiv]1 or   
dicebox1 & %ak5 out at r&om4 ,! %r9e is 
f9ely decorat$1  conta9+ my/ic figures &
 devices1 & x /&s upright aga9/ a  wall4
 ,a table on :i* to %ake ! arr[s is     
plac$ be=e ! %r9e4 ,on  page #bf (      
,korean ,games1 ,mr4 ,cul9 /ates3 ,9    
,japan fifty sl5d]1  r\nd$ spl9ts (     
bamboo1 call$ ,zei*iku1 v>y+ 9 l5g? f   
two to  f\rte5 in*es1 are us$4 ,!       
=tune-tell] ga!rs !m 9 8 "r  h&1 rais+ x
 rev]5tly to 8 =ehead1 mutt]+           
incantations1 !n  p>ts ! /icks into     
bundles1 prophesy+ good or evil accord+ 
to !  numb] 9 ea*1 & x is said t ea*    
spl9t1 hav+ its value &  mean+1 cov]s   
all ev5ts ( a man's life z record$ 9 a  
book (  'oracul> responses' t ! div9]   
keeps beside him = ref]5ce4    ,mr4     
,cul9 also m5tions ! ,meisir game ( !   
,arabs1 :5 sev5 arr[s  7 %ak5 f a tube  
or quiv]4 ,?is old game 0 play$ be=e !  
"t ( ,*ri/1 & ,mahomet prohibit$ x1     

call+ x ! "w (  devils4 ,arr[s made (   
nab-a tree 7 us$4 7,?is "n 0 seem+ly    
d]iv$ f ,naib or prophet47 ,!y 7 ( a    
bright yell[ col\r1 &  :5 %ak5 9 ! box  
gave a peculi> r++ s\nd1 s arr[s made ( 
any o!r wood 7 consid]$ undesirable & 7 
disc>d$4 ,ea* arr[  _h a "n & 0 m>k$ ) a
 num]al4    ,! significant & hi/orical  
,/aff or ,rod ( ! ,t>ots 0 replac$ 9  ! 
,fr5* pack by ! design ( a clov] leaf1  
or1 z x is call$1  ,trfle1 :i* we "n a  
,club1 a cognom5 t recalls ! orig9al    
int5tion1 s w\ld o!rwise be mean+less4  
,nor does ! ,co9 or !  ,d5>i take !     
place ( ! "o t orig9ally repres5t$      
,m]cury  ,agoneus1 ! protector ( m]*ants
 & ( comm]ce4 ,?is sign :5  consult+ !  
oracle d5otes fair p & also ! elem5t (  
wat]1  & any?+ float+ on x or liv+ 9 x1 
besides all ?+s connect$  ) trade1      
m]cantile transactions1 or developm5t4  
,! ,coppas or ,cup suit is appropriately
 typifi$ by a ,cup or ,*alice or  !     
,vase ( ,m]cury ,*?onius4 ,?is device is
 sup]s$$ by ! ,he>ts (  ! ,fr5* pack1   

:i* symbolise ! passive pr9ciple ( !    
univ]se4  ,correspond+ z x does ) !     
*alice ( ! cl]gy1 x betok5s n  only m5 (
 religi\s life1 b ^? ( k & p[] ?r\gh    
le>n+1 & also sci5tific m5 & ^? 9 !     
gov]nm5t & law4  ,love & in/ruction are 
typifi$ by ! symbolic ,cup t d5otes fair
  p1 :o are also repres5t$ by ! suit (  
,d5>i :5 ! c>ds are  consult$ ab\t !    
affairs ( life4    ,! ,cup plays a      
prom95t "p 9 ! symbolism ( anci5t days4 
,9  ,records ( ! ,pa/1 by ,pr(essor     
,sayce 7,vol4 ,,iii1 page #hf71 is a    
lett]  f ,dusratta to ,am5ophis ,,iii1  
translat$ f a cunei=m tablet  discov]$  
at ,tel-el-,am>un1 9 ,upp] ,egypt3      
,& to my fa!r did ?\ s5d mu* gold1      
,an oblation di% ( solid gold & a ,cup (
 solid gold1    %[+ t ! ,cup symbolis$ n
 only a connection ) sacrifice1 b  0    
also a bond ( fri5d%ip4 ,votive cups are
 f\nd 9 ! temple (  ,osiris1 %[+ t !y 7 
us$ 9 8 wor%ip4 ,"s are v small1  z if  
int5d$ = *ildr5 to use4    ,! ,cupbe>]  
to ,royalties 9 ,babylonia & ,egypt 0 a 

mo/ important  po/1 = ! p]son 0 *os5 =  
fai?fulness1 s9ce poison c\ld be s      
easily convey$ 9 w9e & drunk            
unsuspect+ly by ! k+4 ,!  ,sakibe>] or  
,butl] ( ,p]sia became "o ( ! h]oes or  
gods4 ,he 0  also call$ ! ,spiritual    
,in/ructor1 %[+ a connection ) !        
prie/hood1 or ,he :o h&s a ,cup (       
,cele/ial ,love1 :i* is typifi$  by !   
w9e z well z ! ,cup4 ,jam%id1 "o ( !    
greate/ rul]s (  ,iran 7,p]sia71 says   
,major ,sykes1 9 ,! ,glory ( ! ,%ia ,_w 
7page  #aci71 0 able by means ( 8       
sev5-r+$ ,cup n only to pr$ict !        
future1 b also survey ! entire _w4 ,?is 
,jam%id _h _m ( !  qualities ( ,?o?     
,h]mes attribut$ to him1 = he introduc$ 
into 8  c\ntry ! use ( iron1 ! arts (   
weav+1 w9e-mak+1 & heal+1  ) _m o!r arts
 & sci5ces1 8 memory is greatly rev]$4  
,om>  ,khayyam s+s ( him      ,iran1    
inde$1 is gone ) all 8 ,rose       ,&   
,jam%id's sev'n r+'d ,cup1     ,:]e8 ,no
 "o kn[s4    ,! ,cup plac$ 9 ! sack ( 8 
bre?r5 by ,joseph 0 no m]e accid5t1  z x

 _h = !m a mo/ important & symbolic     
mean+ t is indicat$  b n enl>g$ ^u 9 !  
,bible4 ,babylon is call$ ,a gold5 ,cup 
9 !  h& ( ! ,"l4 7,j]emiah li3#g47 ,t x 
0 a symbol connect$ )  p[]1 prie/hood1  
sacrifice1 & fri5d%ip is indicat$ :5ev] 
x is  m5tion$ 9 ! ,bible--= in/ance1    
,psalms lxxv3#h1 :]e x is said3  ,= 9 ! 
h&s ( ! ,"l !re is a ,cup2 or !         
?irty-sev5 o!r  times x is aga9 spok5 ( 
9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! ?irty-two        
ref]5ces to x 9 ! ,new4 ,! cups discov]$
 9 ,babylonia & ,egypt  are ( _m diff]5t
 %apes t indicate ! p>ticul> uses to :i*
  !y 7 to be put4 ,^? int5d$ = hold+ !  
/icks :5 consult+  ! oracle ( ,?o?      
resemble a mod]n dicebox1 z well z ! box
 /ill  us$ = /icks 9 ,*9a & ,japan4     
,9 ,egypt imm$iately aft] dea? ! s\l 0  
suppos$ to desc5d to !  ,l[] ,_w1 & 0 !n
 conduct$ to ! ,hall ( ,two ,tru?s1 :]e 
x  0 judg$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,osiris & !    
=ty-two ,dmones 7! ,lords  ( ,tru?7 &   
,judges ( ! ,dead4 ,! ,director ( !     
,weights 0 ,anubis1  :o plac$ 9 "o ( !  

scales ( ,ju/ice 7or ,ma7 a figure (    
,tru?1 &  9 ! o!r a ,cup conta9+ ! good 
actions ( ! deceas$1 :ile  ,?o? /ood by1
 tablet 9 h&1 to record ! result4 ,?is  
%[s !  positive connection ( ,?o? ) !   
emblems t aft]w>ds became "o  ( !       
devices ( ,m]cury :5 he succe$$ ,?o? 9  
bo? ! upp] &  ! l[] worlds4    ,late    
discov]ies 9 ,crete %[ frescoes         
repres5t+ h&some y\?s z  cupbe>]s to ,k+
 ,m9os4    ,! ,espadas or ,sword suit   
speaks = itself1 & "h1 z well z 9 !  "n 
( ! ,club suit1 ! orig9 ( ! ,spade is   
pres]v$1 = ,les  ,piques ( ! ,fr5* pack 
7t repres5ts ! ,halb]t ( m$ival times   
or ! gu>dians ( ! p]son ( ! k+71        
resembl$ g>d5 spades to  ! ,engli%1 :o  
call$ !m by t "n1 t :5 spok5 recall$ !  
pronunciation ( ! ,spani% pip ,espadas4 
,a ,h>p or ,sword 0 pres5t$  by ,jupit] 
to 8 son ,m]cury z a tok5 ( brav]y &    
skill :5 he 0  ! ,mess5g] :o kill$      
,argos1 or ! h]ald ( ,m>s4 ,8 title 0 !n
  ,m]cury ,argiphontes :5 he repres5t$ !
 be/ qualities ( ! w>rior1  su* z       

c\rage1 brav]y1 decision1 & temp]ance4  
,! suit typifies d>k  p & ! elem5t (    
air1 & protects ^? :o fly1 :e!r birds   
or m54 ,alt]cation is also d5ot$ by !   
,sword suit1 z are tr\bles1  sorr[s1    
trans=mations1 lawsuits1 hatr$1 enemies1
 spies1 or rivals4 ,!  ^w 9 ,hebrew     
signifies lightn+1 brightness--z 9 ,job 
xx3#be1 !  glitt]+ sword come? out1 :i* 
is p>ticul>ly typical ( ! bright  planet
 & ! god ( lightn+4 ,! ,sword z ,mess5g]
 is frequ5tly  ref]r$ to1 z 9 ,numb]s   
xxii3#ca1 ,! angel ( ! ,"l /&+ 9 !  way 
& 8 sword drawn 9 8 h&4    ,! ,cup & !  
,sword pips are recall$ by a game play$ 
9 ,korea call$  ,pit*-pot1 "o ( ! olde/ 
games kn[n to hi/ory4 ,arr[s are ?r[n   
into a vase ( wat] plac$ two & a half   
l5g?s f ! play]1 :o  kneels on a mat to 
?r[ 8 weapon into x4 ,aft] all ! arr[s h
  fill$ ! cup ! los] mu/ dra9 x at "o   
swall[4    ,! ,money suit n only recalls
 ! connection ) m]*ants1 )  ,m]cury z _!
 protector1 b probably _h an e>li] orig9
 9 !  my/ic circle s belov$ by occults4 

,isaiah xl3#bj m5tions ! "o t  sitte? ^u
 ! circle ( ! e>?1 :i* quotation is     
fraught )  symbolism4 ,! royalties on ! 
,egyptian tombs always we> a broad coll>
  or necklace1 ! n>r[ cord be+ ! emblem 
( ! slave2 b ! ,k+  we>s x z d5ot+ 8    
submission to ! gods1 :ile claim+ to be 
supreme among m54 ,! circle plac$ on _! 
heads 0 a sign (  unceas+ p[]1 & ! zone 
or belt worn by female goddesses or     
pr9cesses signifi$ maid5hood or         
supremacy & _h o!r my/ic  mean+s4 ,! co9
 plac$ on ! c>ds signifi$ _m ?+s besides
  m]*ants & _! occupations1 b x 0       
g5]ally connect$ ) !  mat]ial ?+s (     
life4 ,! ,*9ese co9 /ill reta9s ! hole 9
 !  c5tre1 mak+ x a holl[ r\nd4 ,x is   
suppos$ by "s t ! co9  0 orig9ally !    
my/ic s]p5t ) tail 9 m\?1 ?us complet+ !
  circle4 ,zwvoi meant ! ,s]p5t :i*     
girdles ! globe & repres5ts !  ,zodiac  
or ,ecliptic l9e d5ot+ ! pa? ( ! sun4   
,! f\r ,c\rt c>ds dom9ate & control !   
pips ( _! own suits &  play an important
 "p :]ev] plac$4 ,! suits ( ,money &    

,cups d5ote  ! home & family life & are 
consid]$ b5ign1 :ile ,money repres5ts   
fri5ds1 p>tn]s1 or /rang]s1 & ,swords   
may mean any "o ( !m z  desir$ by       
play]s2 b ! la/ two suits are usually   
deem$ mat]ial or  malignant1 be+ !      
opposite to ! b5ign suits4 ,9 g5]al1    
,rods  repres5t ent]prise & glory2 ,co9s
 d5ote inve/m5ts or transactions2  ,cups
 typify love & happ9ess2 :ile ,swords   
seem to call = hatr$ &  mis=tune4    ,!n
 ! numb] ( ea* ( ! c>ds betok5s some?+1 
=1 dealt 9  f\r packets ) ?ree c>ds 9   
ea* "o ( ! heaps1 a s+leton is  left = !
 f\r? packet4 ,! fir/ pile %\ld conta9  
an ,ace1 ,deuce1  & ,tray1 :i* port5d   
comm5cem5t4 ,t is to say1 if ,rods are !
 suit  ^! ?ree c>ds tell ( ! beg9n+ ( an
 ent]prise4 ,if ! suit  is ,cups !y mean
 ! beg9n+ ( a love affair1 & 9 ! same   
way  hatr$ or a qu>rel is d5ot$ z beg9n+
 if ! ,sword suit is us$1  :ile ,ace1   
,deuce1 & ,tray ( ,money ann\nce !      
inception ( a bus9ess  transaction4     
,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots  

,pip & ,c\rt ,c>ds ( ! ,rod ,suit       
#di ,sev5 ( ,rods        #ej ,eight (   
,rods        #ea ,n9e ( ,rods        #eb
 ,t5 ( ,rods        #ec ,knave ( ,rods  
#ed ,cavali] ( ,rods    ,! second packet
 includes ! ,f\r1 ,five1 & ,six1 :i*    
d5ote in]tia1  /oppage1 opposition1     
conc5tration4    ,! ,sev5s1 ,eights1 &  
,n9es repres5t balance1 poise1 or       
result1 & !  ,t5? c>d means unc]ta9ty4  
,ea* numb] has ! same value or mean+4 ,t
 is to say1 an ,ace ( ,rods  means !    
beg9n+ ( an ent]prise1 ! ,deuce t !     
ent]prise is  arre/$1 :ile ! ,tray      
signifies t ! ent]prise hav+ be5        
e/abli%$1 c be cont9u$4    ,! ,ace (    
,money is ! comm5cem5t ( =tune1 ! foll[+
 two c>ds  mean opposition & good =tune4
 ,! ,ace ( ,cups ! dawn ( a love        
affair1 ! ,deuce opposition to x1 & !   
,tray cons5t4 ,! ,ace (  ,swords means  
enmity1 ! ,deuce t ! enmity is arre/$1 &
 ! ,trey  decl>es op5 rupture or w>4    
,!re=e ! packets ( ?ree ) ! s+leton may 
be classifi$ z1  fir/1 comm5cem5t2      

second1 opposition2 ?ird1 balance4 ,!   
fir/ ?ree  indicate dawn1 ! second ?ree 
noon1 :ile ev5+ is repres5t$ by !       
,sev51 ,eight1 & ,n9e1 & ! ,t5 c>d %[s  
bewild]m5t or night4    ,! c\rt c>ds 9 !
 ,t>ots h f\r to ea* suit t are nam$    
,k+1  ,que51 ,cavali]1 & ,knave1 & !y   
repres5t man1 woman1 *ild1 &  s]vant4 ,!
 male figure d5otes ent]prise1 ! female 
*>act]ises  affection or love1 ! y\?    
typifies conflict1 /r5g?1 /ruggle1      
rivalry1 or hatr$1 :ile ! ,knave means  
transition4 ,! c\rt c>ds also  express  
po9t$ly ! mean+s ( ! suit t !y repres5t4
 ,!y  betok5 family life1 ) ! ,k+ z     
fa!r1 ! ,que5 z "m1 !  ,cavali] z son1 &
 ! ,knave z daught]1 *ild1 or s]vant4   
,! ,k+ ( ,rods or ,/aves is a d>k1 k9d  
fri5d2 8 ,que5 repres5ts an  amiable1   
good1 *>itable1 or fri5dly p]son4 ,!    
,cavali] is d>k &  good2 ! ,knave is a  
d>k mess5g] or *ild4    ,! c\rt c>ds (  
,money typify fair p :o are fri5dly1    
k9dly  dispos$1 or indiff]5t2 ! ,k+     
repres5t+ ! male1 ! ,que5 !  female4 ,! 

,cavali] port5ds /rang]s1 & ! ,knave    
messages or news4  ,^! figures ( ! ,rods
 & ,cups be> inv]se value to ! ,swords &
  ,money1 = ! latt] d n belong to !     
family1 b indicate outsid]s1  /rang]s1  
or ! _w 9 g5]al4    ,! ,k+ ( ,cups is a 
fair man & frequ5tly means a lawy]1 a   
c\ncillor  or a cl]gyman4 ,! ,que5 is a 
blonde fri5d1 p]haps ! be/ belov$1  & ! 
,cavali] is sometimes a fair-hair$ lov]1
 :ile ! ,knave is an  infant1 a mess5g]1
 or a bir?4    ,! ,suit ( ,swords always
 is unlucky1 & its ,k+ betok5s a d>k1   
bad  man1 an enemy or "s "o to be       
mi/ru/$4 ,! ,que5 repres5ts a  brunette 
:o is wick$ & to be fe>$1 a gossip1 a   
trea*]\s  "*4 ,! ,cavali] is an enemy or
 a spy1 & is d>k2 :ile ! ,knave  is bad 
news1 delay1 or malice4 ,! :ole gr\p    
indicates opposition rais$  outside ( ! 
home4    ,x w be se5 t if ea* "o ( !    
sev5ty-eight c>ds belong+ to  ! ,t>ots  
be giv5 ! mean+ assign$ to x 9 ! =ego+  
rules1  ne>ly e emotion1 e incid5t1 e   
*>act]i/ic ( man is  typifi$1 & !       

comb9ations are z endless z are ! *ances
 ( life4  ,z ! c>ds are dealt & fall    
toge!r1 "o balances or controls !  o!r1 
s t :5 _! mean+ is deciph]$ z a :ole !re
 is a mo/  int]e/+ picture ( ord9>y     
life4    ,! game is play$ by two p]sons1
 "o :o deals & "o :o reads !  c>ds1 or r
 int]prets ) sup]ior k ! mean+ ( !      
great ,book ( ,?o? ,h]mes ,trismegi/us4 
,x c readily be se5 h[ !  game c\ld be  
tak5 advantage ( by ! unscrupul\s1 :o   
induc$  cr$ul\s p]sons to believe t !   
leaves ( ! book reveal$ !  future4 ,?is 
fai?1 inde$1 0 inh]it$ ?r\gh g5]ations1 
:o  receiv$ x f ,moses & _m ( ! ,hebrew 
prophets1 z well z f  ! prie/s ( !      
temple ( ,?o? & ^? ( ,m]cury2 s x is    
small  wond] t ! my/]i\s leaves 7 reg>d$
 ) awe1 & t _!  revelations are receiv$ 
) implicit ob$i5ce1 s9ce ! ord]s ( !    
gods c\ld be transmitt$ ?r\gh ! rods (  
,moses & ,a>on t became  ! pip leaves1 &
 ! message 0 exemplifi$ ?r\gh !         
emblematic  figures on ! walls4 ,! pips 
translat$ ! mean+ ( ! ,at\ts1  )\t :i*  

nei!r "p or volume ( ! book c\ld be     
fully  und]/ood4 ,!re=e all =tune-tell+ 
) packs ( ,he>ts1 ,diamonds1  ,spades & 
,clubs is nons5se1 s9ce ^! c>ds 7 inv5t$
 = games or  gambl+ & h no?+ occult or  
prophetic ab\t !m4          ,,*apt]     
,,viii    ,,"s ,,old ,,italian ,,t>ots  
,x is practically impossible to bridge !
 *asm betwe5 ! ab&onm5t  ( ! actual &   
op5 wor%ip ( ,m]cury 9 8 own temples to 
!  transf]5ce ( 8 h]aldic emblems to !  
unb\nd leaves ( a book t  c\ld be       
conceal$ on ! p]sons ( 8 prie/s1 =      
d\btless ! rites  ( ,m]cury 7 practis$  
privately = _m ye>s by p :o _h e  motive
 = concealm5t2 & s9ce !re 0 no law aga9/
 ^! secret  practices1 !re is no record 
( _! hav+ be5 brok51 no ord9ance        
conc]n+ games ( c>ds or =tune-tell+1 &  
no (ficial record  po9t+ directly to    
c>ds "u ! "n n[ g5]ally giv5 !m4 ,:at   
may be record$ conc]n+ ! prie/s ( ! cult
 ( ,m]cury rema9s to  be discov]$4      
,nor c we date ! p]iod :5 ^! same leaves
 came to be reg>d$ z  af=d+ amusem5t1 or

 f be+ :olly 9 ! h&s ( initiat$  p]sons 
& reg>d$ z a vehicle = consult+ ! wi%es 
( !  deities1 !y fell into ! possession 
( soo?say]s or unscrupul\s              
=tune-tell]s1 :o did n hold ! int]pret+ 
key & made improp]  uses ( ! anci5t     
,book ( ,?o?4    ,nor1 aga91 is !re any 
record ( :5 c>ds became ! tools (       
gambl]s1 :o us$ !m = games ( *ance1     
al?\gh _! consultation  might always h  
p>tak5 ( ! elem5ts ( *ance1 b 9 a v     
diff]5t way4    ,h[ev]1 x is well kn[n t
 ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity into ,rome
  gradually caus$ ! deities ( ,olympus  
to be disreg>d$1 s t ^?  :o /ill        
wor%ipp$ ! gods ( _! ance/ors did s 9   
secret1 &  :5 ,/4 ,paul set foot at     
,pozzuoli1 close to ! temples ( ,osiris 
&  ,m]cury1 ! fir/ /ep 0 tak5 t[>ds !   
d[nfall ( ! anci5t  rites4    ,x is q   
natural1 !re=e1 t writ]s on ! orig9 &   
hi/ory (  ,play+ ,c>ds h f\nd no record 
( _! inv5tion1 no monum5t to  _!        
inv5tor1 & no cradle at _! bir?place1   
s9ce !y look$  solely = ! c>ds t 7      

famili> to !m & = games play$ )  ^?     
c>ds1 :ile !y fail$ to recognise t !    
c>ds 7 "p ( a  cult & 7 ! h]aldic       
emblems ( ,m]cury 7z display$ on ! pip  
c>ds7 & ^? ( anci5t ,egyptian gods 7z   
depict$ on ! ,at\ts71  &1 !re=e1 ^!     
writ]s decl>e t no l9k exi/s betwe5 !   
,italian ,t>ots ( ! pres5t day & ! great
 ,book ( ,?o? ,h]mes  ,trismegi/us1 :ile
 !y ackn[l$ge t ,play+ ,c>ds owe _!     
inv5tion to ! ,egyptians1 :o1 hav+      
inh]it$ ! m5 portray$ ^u  ! walls f !   
,babylonians & ! traditions ( ,nebo1 !  
"o :o  writes ! tablets ( fate1         
elaborat$ ! c]emonies1 simplifi$ _!     
code1 & introduc$ !m to ,europe1 fir/   
?r\gh ! prie/s ( !  ,s]apeon1 & !n1 by  
means ( ! ,t>ots1 to o!r p>ts ( ! _w4   
,"s claim t ! gypsies 7 orig9ally !     
initiates ( ! temple (  ,?o?1 & t x 0 !y
 :o c>ri$ ,play+ ,c>ds z a means (      
div9ation ?r\gh ,europe4 ,"o ( _! cu/oms
 is to dem& t ! palm  ( ! "r h& be      
cross$ ) a piece ( money be=e beg9n+ to 
read a =tune2 & by "s ?is cu/om is      

suppos$ to date f ! "t  :5 ! =tune-tell]
 dem&$ f 8 cli5ts an oa? ( secrecy1  :i*
 0 ratifi$ by mak+ ! sign ( ! cross4    
,unless !re 0 "s  su* mean+ orig9ally   
atta*$ to ! cu/om1 !re w\ld seem to be  
no  reason = ?is p]=mance be+ enact$ 9  
connection )  =tune-tell+ ) c>ds1 & z f>
 z is kn[n ) no o!r  transaction 9 !    
comm]cial or nomadic _w4    ,!re are _m 
signs sugge/+ t ! gypsies 7 able to     
translate  ! symbols on ! c>ds at an    
e>ly date1 soon aft] !y appe>$ 9        
,europe1 & x is c]ta9 t = sev]al        
c5turies ^! nomads h  us$ ,play+ ,c>ds =
 tell+ future1 pa/1 or pres5t ev5ts1 & h
  done x ) s mu* self-confid5ce t x w\ld
 seem t !y  possess$ a key to ! occult  
my/]ies4 ,x is1 !re=e1 unwise to  disc>d
 ?is !ory entirely1 = ! gypsy tribes    
scatt]$ ov] ,europe  c]ta9ly aid$ 9     
widely di/ribut+ ! c>ds4 ,nor does !    
connection  ( gypsies ) ! anci5t my/]ies
 qu>rel ) ! /atem5t t  c>ds 7 "p ( !    
wor%ip ( ,m]cury1 s9ce no man c say t ^!
  p 7 n ! orig9al prie/s ( ! temple :o 7

 ca/ out (  _! %r9es & =c$ to w&] ab\t !
 _w4 ,9 ,engl& ^!  nomads are frequ5tly 
call$ ! ,egyptians1 :ile _! own "n =    
!mselves is ,romany4    ,spa9 has       
cont5d$ ) ,italy = ! hon\r ( orig9at+   
,play+  ,c>ds1 b )\t prov+ h] case1 =   
,spa9 pres]v$ only a mutilat$  pack (   
pip c>ds1 %[+ ! symbols ( ,m]cury1      
inde$1 b  unaccompani$ by ! emblematic  
,at\ts t 7 ! fir/ volume ( !  book2 ^! h
 nev] be5 kn[n 9 t c\ntry4 ,b1 !n1 ,spa9
 0  n ! home ( ! gods ( ,olympus1 nor 0 
t c\ntry 9 close contact  ) ,egypt1 z 0 
,italy4 ,!re is no hi/oric record (     
ye>ly  communications betwe5 ! two      
opposite %ores ( ! great sea1 z is !    
case ) ,italy1 = ,s5eca has left an     
int]e/+ description ( !  great fleet f  
,alex&ria t ye>ly visit$ ,pozzuoli1 on !
 bay (  ,naples4    ,^! vessels c>ri$ n 
only w>es1 b m]*ants & mission>ies1 f  !
 great seats ( le>n+ at ! temples (     
,egypt4 ,! prie/s ( ^?  days 7 n        
necess>ily religi\s m51 b !y 7 s*ol>s & 
sci5ti/s1 :o ?\ght t _! be/ use 9 ! _w 0

 !  diffusion ( _! le>n+ & k4    ,s9ce x
 is cle>ly e/abli%$ t ! wor%ip (        
,s]apis1 ,?o?1 &  ,m]cury 0 foll[$ at   
,pozzuoli f a v e>ly date1 prec$+       
,*ri/ianity1 x may be conc$$ t ! p !re 7
 imbu$ )  ! appreciation ( its my/]ies &
 ador$ !m4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity  refut$ !    
doctr9es ( ! hea!n gods1 ^? :o foll[$ ! 
anci5t  rites 7 =c$ to conceal !m4 ,h5ce
 x is t if ,play+ ,c>ds are  d]iv$ f ?is
 my/]i\s wor%ip1 ?r\gh :i* !y consult$ !
  wi%es ( _! gods1 no trace ( !m c be   
f\nd 9 ! legal records  be=e ! middle ( 
! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 ! c>ds 7  e/abli%$ 
z a game b n z a cult4    ,c\nt         
,emiliano di ,p>ravic9o1 9 8 essay on   
,t>occo c>ds 9 !  ,burl+ton ,magaz9e =  
,decemb]1 #aijc1 decl>es t pr(essional  
play]s or tea*]s1 kn[n z b>ratti]i or   
rabildi1 7 organiz$  9 guilds t 7       
recognis$ by law z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( !  
?irte5? c5tury1 :i* seems z if ! depos$ 
initiates1 or !  prie/s ( ,m]cury1 7    
/ill vital & a recognis$ necessity1     
al?\gh  "u a new title4    ,happily = ! 

c>d /ud5t1 !re /ill rema9 sev]al packs (
 ,italian  c>ds t l9k ! pres5t ones ) ! 
anci5t emblems ( ,m]cury4 ,!  ducal     
family ( ,visconti inh]it$ sixty-"o c>ds
 t orig9ally  belong$ to ,duke ,filippo 
,m>ia ,visconti1 hav+ be5 execut$ = him 
by  ,m>ziano da ,tortona e>ly 9 !       
fifte5? c5tury4 ,^! 7 m5tion$  by       
,breitkopf 9 8 "w publi%$ at ,leipsic 9 
#aghd4 ,?is pack diff]s  f its          
compatriots & successors 9 hav+ five1   
in/ead ( f\r1 c\rt  c>ds4 ,! ,at\ts are 
beautifully pa9t$ ) all ! attributes    
connect$ ) ,m]cury4 ,t ( ! ,lov]s1 ,no4 
,,vi1 repres5ts ,duke  ,filippo ,m>ia   
we>+ a broad-brimm$ hat on :i* is       
inscrib$ ,a bon  ,droit2 ! female figure
 is dress$ z a bride & is probably a    
lik5ess ( ! ,duke's fir/ wife1 ,beatrice
 di ,t5da1 ! wid[ (  ,francisco ,cane4  
,^! figures are surr\nd$ ) small %ields 
blazon+  ! arms ( ,visconti & ,pavia4   
,among ^! ,at\ts ,no4 ,,xiii1 ,dea?1 is 
repres5t$ on a black1 in/ead (  on a    
:ite1 horse4 ,! figures on ! o!r c>ds   

resemble ^? /ill  commonly us$1 b1      
un=tunately1 !re are fifte5 c>ds miss+ f
  ! pack4 ,?is hi/oric collection (     
,t>ots has be5 frequ5tly describ$  &    
reproduc$1 s9ce ,m>ziano da ,tortona1 :o
 execut$ ! pictures1 0  a s*ol>1 z well 
z a skillful arti/4 ,he introduc$ "s    
orig9al  features 9 8 treatm5t ( !      
pictures :ile /rictly con=m+ to !       
h]aldic devices t m>k$ _! orig91 = no   
man liv+ at t "t  w\ld be ignorant en\gh
 to *ange ! devices1 s9ce !y /ill told  
_! /ory to ! p ( ! day1 :o und]/ood     
h]aldry ev5 if !y  c\ld n deciph] writt5
 words4    ,?is celebrat$ pack ( c>ds 0 
probably a w$d+ gift to !  illu/ri\s    
c\ple1 s9ce ! arti/ 0 also _! secret>y4 
,t x 0  priz$1 b little h&l$1 & kept z a
 "w ( art is prov$ by !  good condition 
( ! pictures1 :i* are almo/ z fre% z :5 
!y  left ! h&s ( ! design]4 ,!y are     
treasur$ possessions ( !  desc5dants (  
,duke ,filippo ,m>ia ,visconti & are    
seldom all[$ to be  se5 or exhibit$4    
,ano!r int]e/+ collection ( e>ly ,t>occi

 7little ,t>ots7 is  describ$ by ,c\nt  
di ,p>ravic9o1 :o /ates t ! pack 0 pa9t$
  e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury by a ,f]r>ese 
arti/ nam$ ,antonio  ,cicogn>a4 ,^! c>ds
 h be5 own$ 9 "o family sev]al c5turies 
) an au!ntic hi/ory ( !m1 = 9 ! annals (
 ,cremona1 writt5  by ,dom5ico          
,bordegallo1 is f\nd ! foll[+ ref]5ce to
 ! pack3    #adhd4 ,9 ?is ye> our       
t[nsman1 ,antonio di ,cicogn>a1 a mo/   
skillful  pa9t] ( pictures & an         
admirable m9iaturi/1 design$ & illum9at$
  a magnific5t pack ( c>ds call$ ,t>ots1
 :i* h be5 se5 by me1 &  he made a      
pres5t ( !m to ! mo/ honorable1 rev]5d1 
& illu/ri\s  ,"l ,ascanio ,m4 ,s=za1    
,c>d9al ( ! ,holy ,*ur*1 ,bi%op ( ,pavia
 &  ,nov>a1 at "o "t dean ( our ca!dral 
& n[ comm5datory ( !  canons ( ,/4      
,gregory1 & son ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s &     
excell5t  ,francesco ,s=za & ! ,lady    
,bianca ,visconti1 born "h 9 ,cremona4  
,! same arti/1 /ates ,c\nt di           
,p>ravic9o1 illu/rat$ o!r packs  = !    
si/]s ( ?is ,c>d9al4 ,!y 7 nuns 9 !     

,augu/9e ,conv5t  f\nd$ 9 ?is t[n by !  
a=esaid ,madonna ,bianca4    ,?is nave  
record ( ! amusem5ts ( ! religi\s       
communities ( !  fifte5? c5tury pres5ts 
a novel picture to ! m9ds ( ^? :o       
suppose t c>ds 7 n p]mitt$ )9 ! sacr$   
prec9cts1  al?\gh su* 0 n ! case1 z is  
confirm$ by a prov]b ( ! day  t says    
,m9d :at ! fri> says1 n :at he does4    
,! ,t>occo c>ds 7 ?us call$ f ! game    
,little ,t>ots or  ,t>occi1 play$ at !  
"t1 said to h be5 inv5t$ by ,francis    
,fibbia4 ,?us ! old] "n ( ,t>ots became 
corrupt$ to ,t>occo1  al?\gh ! numb] &  
value ( ! orig9al pack rema9$ unalt]$4  
,! c>ds pa9t$ = ,c>d9al ,s=za are /ill 9
 exi/5ce4 ,"s are  %[n 9 ! ,c>r>a       
,museum at ,b]gamo2 o!rs are 9 !        
possession (  ,c\nt ,aless&ro ,colleoni2
 :ile ?irty-five c>ds ( ?is pack are    
own$  by ,mr4 ,pi]pont ,morgan & are    
exhibit$ by him 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t  
,museum 9 ,london4    ,x is impossible  
to d ju/ice to ! beauty ( ?is set ( c>ds
 t are  pa9t$ 9 ! mo/ delicate mann]4 ,!

 backgr\nd is ( gold pick$ out  or      
emboss$ ) a diap]$ patt]n dott$ 9 rais$ 
designs on a smoo?  surface2 ! figures  
are clev]ly moddel$ & beautifully       
execut$2 !  faces are pa9t$ ) ! delicate
 t\* ( an accompli%$ m9iaturi/4  ,t ( ! 
,knave ( ,money is se5 9 pr(ile1 & is s 
expressive t  x is probably a lik5ess1  
s9ce ! treatm5t is ev5 m c>eful &  !    
features bett] drawn ?an ^? ( mo/ ( !   
,at\ts4    ,! ,knight ( ,cups 9 ! pack  
7orig9ally own$ by ,c\nt ,aless&ro      
,colleoni1 n[ own$ by ,mr4 ,morgan7 is  
m\nt$ on a :ite horse & is  dress$ 9 an 
embroid]$ coat1 ) :ite legg+s & po9t$   
%oes4 ,!  hair is p>t$ & falls 9 waves  
on ei!r side ( ! face1 :i* is  t ( a v  
"y boy & r effem9ate4 ,!re is a cr[n on 
!  saddle-clo? ( ! horse t probably     
d5otes ! rank ( ! rid]4    ,! ,k+ (     
,swords also seems to be a lik5ess4 ,he 
we>s black arm\r1 &  8 %ield displays   
armorial be>+s4 ,! ,que5 ( ,money has a 
beautifully embroid]$ robe ) a regal    
mantle fall+ f h]  %\ld]s4 ,h] h&s are  

p>ticul>ly well drawn & h] attitude is  
rem>kably graceful4    ,temp]ance1      
,dea?1 & ,/r5g? are among ?is pack1 !   
=m] p\r+  ! wat] & oil toge!r1 :i* is "o
 ( ! e>lie/ kn[n devices =  consult+ !  
wi%es ( ! gods4 ,dea? is ! usual        
skeleton1 :o 9  ?is case be>s a sceptre1
 & ,/r5g? also repeats ! emblem ( !     
sceptre or ! caduceus4          ,,*apt] 
,,ix    ,,he>ts1 ,,diamonds1 ,,spades1  
,,& ,,clubs      ,x is probable t "o ( !
 olde/ exi/+ packs is ! ,t>ot pack n[   
pres]v$ 9 ! ,cab9et des ,e/ampes 9      
,p>is4 ,o!rs discov]$ 9 !  back ( a book
 9 ,flor5ce 9 #aiaj1 also ,t>ots1 h n   
be5 op5 to !  inspection ( /ud5ts4 ,!y  
are valu$ at two ?\s& doll>s1 b !  pack 
is n complete1 nor on record1 s ! c>ds  
pa9t$ = ,*>les ,,vi  may /ill claim to  
be ! olde/ kn[n4 ,! dbris ( ?is pack 0  
also  discov]$ 9 ! b9d+ ( a book ( !    
fifte5 c5tury4 ,! h]aldic  devices on ! 
c>ds & ! detail ( ! co/umes1 :i* are    
ess5tially  ,fr5*1 po9t to _! hav+ be5  
produc$ 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,vi4 ,!  robes1

 be>ds1 etc41 ( ?ree ( ! ,k+s are simil>
 to ! portraits (  ,*>les or 8 c\rti]s4 
,! velvet hats are surm\nt$ ) cr[ns &  !
 robes are trimm$ ) erm9e4 ,! dress ( ! 
,knaves corresponds  ) t ( ! pages1 or  
else ) t ( ! s]g5ts d',armes ( !  day1  
:ile ! ,que5s are dress$ l ! portrait ( 
,isabella (  ,bav>ia4 ,! c\rt c>ds ( !  
f\r? suit %[ a m>k$ contra/ to !  ri*ly 
b$eck$ ones ( ! ?ree o!r suits1 = !     
figures are habit$  l savages1 :i* is   
suppos$ to recall a fte giv5 on !       
occasion (  ! m>riage ( "o ( ! que5's   
maids ( hon\r to ! ,*evali] de          
,v]m&ois1 t _h su* a horrible t]m9ation4
    ,*>les ,,vi _h _h attacks ( mania1 b
 0 at t "t m reasonable4  ,hugon9 de    
,janzay1 "o ( 8 fav\rites1 plann$ to    
ent]ta9 him by  induc+ him to take "p 9 
a mumm]y1 = :i* ! k+ & five o!r  m5 7 to
 be dress$ z savages1 & 7 to ent] ! fte 
to surprise  ! gue/s4 ,! p>ty 7 dress$ 9
 l95 soak$ ) t> & cov]$  ) fur1 s 7     
completely disguis$4 ,!y ru%$ into !    
ballroom  %\t+ & rattl+ _! *a9s1 :5 !   

,duc ,d',orleans1 bro!r ( !  k+1 seiz$ a
 tor* f an att5dant to look m closely at
 !  /rang]s1 & by mis*ance set !        
inflammable clo!s on fire4 ,mo/ (  ! m5 
7 *a9$ toge!r & c\ld n escape1 b "o ( !m
 fre$  himself & sav$ 8 own life by     
plung+ into a ci/]n ( wat] :i*  0 plac$ 
9 ! butt]y = ! purpose ( r9s+ ! dr9k+   
cups4    ,! k+1 :o 0 /&+ at a little    
di/ance talk+ to ! ,du*ess de  ,b]i1 0  
sav$ by t lady1 :o1 ) great pres5ce (   
m9d1 wrapp$  h] velvet cloak ar\nd h]   
royal ma/]4 ,?is gruesome incid5t br\ght
  on ano!r attack ( mania1 t la/$ until 
8 dea? on ! #ba/ (  ,octob]1 #adbb1 aft]
 a reign ( =ty-two ye>s4 ,x is presum$  
by ,m4 ,paul  la ,croix1 9 8 essay on   
,c>tes a ,j\] 7#ahgc71 t ?is celebrat$  
incid5t 0 p]petuat$ 9 ! ,fr5* c>ds t he 
?9ks 7 inv5t$  & pa9t$ at ab\t t "t4    
,! fragm5ts ( ! second pack1 t app>5tly 
belong to ! same  p]iod1 closely        
resemble ^? ) :i* we are famili>1 s9ce  
!y are  n ,t>ots b be> ! pips inv5t$ by 
! ,fr5*1 & ,m4 la ,croix  /ates 7page   

#bda7 t he cr$its ! tradition decl>+ t  
^!  p>ticul> c>ds are ! fir/ ,piquet    
pack1 & t ^! 7 !  orig9al c>ds t de?ron$
 ! ,t>ots ( ! ,italians to become !     
favorites ( ! ,fr5* nation4    ,^! ,fr5*
 pips 7 aft]w>ds adopt$ by ! less +5i\s 
,engli%1  :ile ! ,g]mans inv5t$ devices 
( _! own1 call$ ,grn51 ,ei*eln1  ,h]z51 
& ,%ell51 at ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,al?\gh 
! ,spani>ds  rema9$ fai?ful to ! ,t>ots1
 !y disc>d$ ! ,at\t "p ( !  pack1 reta9+
 only ! suit c>ds ) ! pips ( ,cups1     
,money1 ,swords1  & ,/aves4 ,! emblems  
adopt$ 9 ! sev]al c\ntries ne>ly five   
hundr$ ye>s ago 7:5 a wave ( c>d play+  
seems to h swept ov]  ,europe71 h reta9$
 _! hold on ! affections ( ^? :o adopt$ 
! individual devices1 = ea* nation /ill 
cl+s to ! pips t 7  !n *os51 & x is only
 by degrees t ! ,fr5* designs are       
emigrat+ to diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w4    ,!  
,jesse pack ( c>ds1 n[ to be se5 9      
,p>is1 are pa9t$ on  c>dbo>d1 & !       
figures are dress$ 9 ! fa%ions ( ! day4 
,!  emblems recall ! h]aldic tok5s ( two

 ( ! c\rti]s ( ,*>les ,,vi1  z well z ! 
"o id5tifi$ ) "o ( ! mo/ beautiful &    
le>n$  wom5 ( h] day4 ,x is said t !    
inv5tion ( ^! pips 0 due to  ! anxiety (
 ,que5 ,isabella & h] m9i/]s to div]t ! 
un=tunate  mon>*1 s z to prev5t 8       
int]f]+ ) _! s*emes4    ,x 0 ) !        
alt]ation ( ! pips1 ! adoption ( ,coeurs
 7,he>ts71  ,c>reaux 7,diamonds71       
,trfles 7,clubs71 & ,piques 7,spades71 !
  di/9ctive use ( r$ & black unm+l$ )   
o!r col\rs1 & !  disc>d+ ( ! f\r? c\rt  
c>d1 toge!r ) ! ,jok]1 & !  ,at\t "p ( !
 old pack1 t ! =tune-tell+ ,book ( ,?o? 
became  trans=m$ into a set ( toys or   
gambl+ in/rum5ts4 ,x is little  wond] t 
_! orig9al int5tion1 purpose1 & hi/ory  
became  oblit]at$ & f9ally almo/ =gott51
 s t :5 a ,fr5* writ]  v5tur$ to /ate t 
c>ds 7 "p ( ! ,egyptian my/]ies he 0    
treat$ z a fooli% dream]4    ,! inv5tion
 ( ! ,fr5* pips is attribut$ to two     
p]sons1 bo? (  !m c\rti]s ( ! k+1 :o    
probably work$ toge!r to produce a      
simple & conv5i5t set ( devices t %\ld  

be easily recognis$ &  z well adapt$ =  
play+1 z 7 ! orig9al ,t>ots suit$ =     
div9+ ! lives & *>act]i/ics ( mank9d4   
,"o ( ! inv5tors  ( ! ,fr5* pips 0      
,eti5ne ,vignolles1 ^: nickname 0 ,la   
,hire1 &  ?is "n has be5 f\nd on "s ( ! 
old c>ds1 z if he wi%$ to be  p]petuat$ 
9 ?is way1 & n z ! brave old soldi] :o 0
 well  v]s$ 9 *ivalric cu/oms1 & :o1    
accord+ to hi/orians1 _h always  8 sword
 drawn aga9/ ! ,engli%4 ,! second p]son 
to :om is cr$it$  ! inv5tion ( ! ,piquet
 pack is ,eti5ne ,*evali]1 secret>y to !
  k+1 & 8 treasur]1 :o 0 not$ = 8       
orig9al & inv5tive  g5ius & 8 quick wit4
 ,x is m ?an probable t to 8 facile     
p5cil ! new designs %\ld be attribut$4  
,! m5 :o =mulat$ !  rules ( ! game = :i*
 !y inv5t$ ! c>ds mu/ h be5 clev]1  z x 
is arrang$ ) su* c>e t ^! rules h rema9$
  practically unalt]$ = five hundr$     
ye>s1 & ,piquet is /ill a  fav\rite 9   
m5's clubs & ! be/ tte-a-tte game kn[n4 
,! ,piquet pack conta9s five pip c>ds1  
,ace1 ,sev51 ,eight1 ,n9e1 & ,t51  )    

?ree c\rt c>ds1 ,k+1 ,que51 & ,knave1   
call$ by ! ,fr5* names  ( ,le ,roi1 ,la 
,re9e1 & ,le ,valet or v>let4 ,) ?is    
h&ful ( c>ds  we are all famili>4 ,"h 0 
a great modification ( ! old suits )  _!
 h]aldic devices4 ,! ,cavali] ( ! ,t>ot 
pack 0 disc>d$1 ?us  r$uc+ ! c\rt c>ds  
to ?ree in/ead ( f\r1 :ile five ( ! pip 
c>ds 7 also omitt$4 ,! game 0 ?or\ghly  
sci5tific1 ne$+ close  att5tion &       
discretion ev5 ) ! curtail$ pack ( c>ds4
 ,x %[$  ! soldi]'s h& 9 its /ratagem1 &
 t ( ! arti/ 9 its simple  col\rs4    ,!
 k+'s bank] 0 ,jacques ,coeur1 ^:       
beautiful palace 9 ,b\rges  %[s a pun on
 8 "n 9 e l9tel1 door or w9d[ :]e a he>t
 is  cut 9 /one or wood to rem9d "o ( ! 
own]4 ,tradition /ates t x  0 9 hon\r ( 
,jacques ,coeur t 8 h]aldic emblem1     
,coeurs  7,he>ts71 0 plac$ on ! c>ds to 
p]petuate 8 memory1 to !  exclusion ( t 
( 8 patron1 ,m]cury1 ! god ( m]*ants4   
,! ,money emblem 0 *ang$ to ,c>reaux    
7,diamonds74 ,?is device may  h be5     
inspir$ by ! little loz5ge panes ( glass

 9 ! w9d[s (  ,coeur's palace1 or by !  
tiles 9 ! floors1 or p]haps by les f]s  
de  fi*e1 :i* w\ld h reta9$ ! orig9al   
idea ( ! div9+  arr[s f :i* ! old c>ds  
came4 ,m4 la ,croix says3 ,! ,sword ( ! 
anci5ts became ,pique 7,spade71 to d    
hon\r to ! two soldi] bro!rs1  ,jean &  
,gasp>d ,bureau4 ,! ,trfle 7,club7 0 !  
h]aldic device (  ,agnes ,sorel1 a      
greatly accompli%$ woman :o displac$ !  
que5 9 !  affections ( h] husb&4 ,sorel 
is ! ,fr5* = :at we call %amrock  or    
clov]1 & 0 a pun on ! "n ( ! lady4      
,m4 la ,croix ?9ks t ^! c>ds 7 devis$ "s
 "t betwe5 !  ye>s #adbj & #addj4 ,if s1
 !y c\ld only h be5 born at ! v end  ( !
 mad k+'s life4    ,! di/9ctive m>ks ( !
 ,fr5* pack are ! two dom9at+ col\rs1   
r$ & black1 t /rongly contra/ ) ! v>i\s 
& m+l$ col\rs  se5 9 ! ,t>ots4 ,! reason
 = simplify+ ! pips 9 ?is way is n      
record$1 al?\gh ! *ange makes x mu*     
easi] = play]s & 0 a  clev] idea1 b no  
%>p division l ?is is call$ = :5 play+  
! game ( ,piquet 7or little ,pique71 =  

:i* ^! c>ds 7 prim>ily  us$4 ,x 0       
probably int5d$ to simplify ! "w ( ! c>d
 mak]1 z  x dem&$ only ! two col\rs     
commonly us$ by pr9t]s1 black & r$4     
,x 0 ab\t ! ye> #aghe1 ov] ?ree hundr$  
ye>s aft] ! ,fr5* _h  become accu/om$ to
 _! new c>ds1 & _h entirely =gott5 t    
!re 7 any o!rs1 t ,c\rt de ,gebel91 a   
,fr5* writ]1 publi%$  8 essay on ,t>ots1
 :i* he calls t /range collection (     
unb\nd  leaves t are ! p>5ts ( all mod]n
 play+ c>ds4 ,x is entitl$  ,extrx du   
,monde ,primative ,analys et comp> avec 
le ,monde ,mod]ne1 ,tome  ,i1 ,du ,jeu  
des ,t>ots4    ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly     
,,italian ,,t>ots    ,pip ,c>ds ( !     
,sword ,suit        #ee ,ace ( ,swords  
#ef ,deuce ( ,swords        #eg ,trey ( 
,swords        #eh ,f\r ( ,swords       
#ei ,five ( ,swords        #fj ,six (   
,swords    ,! acc\nt beg9s ) !          
ann\ncem5t t ! orig9 ( ! ,t>ots &  _!   
allegories w be trac$ & expla9$1 z well 
z _! connection  ) ! c>ds ( ! day4 ,!   
essay be+ 9 ,fr5*1 a free translation  )

 necess>y omissions mu/ be giv51 :ile ! 
curi\s are ref]r$ to  ! orig9al4 ,m4 de 
,gebel9 beg9s3    ,if x 7 ann\nc$ t "o (
 ! anci5t books ( ! e>ly ,egyptians  t  
conta9$ mo/ int]e/+ in=mation _h escap$ 
! flames t  consum$ _! sup]b libr>ies1 e
 "o w\ld d\btless be anxi\s to  see su* 
a preci\s & r>e "w4 ,if add$ to ?is     
in=mation x 0  /at$ t ! leaves ( ?is    
book 7 scatt]$ ov] ,europe1 &  t =      
c5turies !y _h be5 9 ! h&s ( all ! _w1  
surprise  & incr$ulity w\ld greet !     
sugge/ion4 ,yet :51 to cr[n all1 x 0    
realiz$ t no "o _h ev5 suspect$ !       
connection ( ! scatt]$  pages 9 _!      
possession ) ^? ( ,egyptian my/]ies1 nor
 _h any  p]son deciph]$ a l9e on !m1 & t
 ! fruit ( an exquisite  wisdom is      
to-day reg>d$ z a collection (          
extravagant pictures )\t  any           
significance1 ! _w w\ld be surpris$ at  
its own sup95ess or  ignorance4 ,despite
 incr$ulity on ^! po9ts1 a great        
,egyptian book1 !  sole survivor ( a    
valuable libr>y1 is /ill 9 exi/5ce1 &1  

:at is  m /range1 ?is book is s         
univ]sally us$ & seems to be s          
insignificant t no savant has condesc5d$
 to /udy its unb\nd pages1  nor has any 
/ud5t suspect$ its illu/ri\s orig94     
,compos$ (  sev5ty-eight leaves t are   
divid$ into five classes1 ?is book is1 9
  "o ^w1 :at is commonly kn[n z ! ,t>ot 
pack ( c>ds4 ,( anci5t  orig91 ! biz>re 
pictures t !y display d n betray !      
int5tion  or motive = assembl+ toge!r   
su* peculi> figures & emblems4  ,^!     
pictures1 t seem to be incongru\sly     
m+l$1 call = an answ]  to ! enigma1 & !y
 %\ld n be treat$ z trifles or m]ely =  
amusem5t4 ,su* is ! op9ion ( a s*ol> :o 
liv$ ov] "o hundr$  ye>s ago1 & ?is     
op9ion has surviv$ ! ridicule1 abuse1 & 
disda9  %[]$ on de ,gebel9 aft] he _h   
po9t$ out t ! ,t>ots 7 9  tru? ! ,book (
 ,?o? ,h]mes ,trismegi/us4    ,!re is   
only "o spot 9 ! _w :]e ^! c>ds rema9 9 
_!  pri/9e condition & are play$ )      
to-day1 & :]e !y are (f]$  = sale1 & x  
is int]e/+ to note t x is close to !    

place  :]e ! wor%ip ( ,?o? fir/ made its
 appe>ance 9 ,europe4    ,! ,t>ots are  
n[ us$ = play+ sev]al games1 & ^!1 if   
analys$1  w %[ m>ks ( ! anci5t my/]ies4 
,?r\gh !m c be trac$ n  only a          
bir?place1 b a hi/ory decl>$ by de      
,gebel9 to h>k back to  ! bord]l& (     
civilization4 ,he po9ts out t ! writ]s (
 8 day  h conf9$ _! /udies to ,fr5* c>ds
 us$ 9 ,p>is1 :5 !y 7  look+ = ! orig9 (
 play+ c>ds1 entirely ignor+1 or at lea/
  nev] ref]r+ to1 ! ,t>ots1 ( :i*       
probably !y _h nev] he>d4    ,! hi/ory (
 ,fr5* c>ds 0 n h>d to relate1 s9ce x   
goes back  little ov] ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 
,!re is a record ( _! bir?1 &1 z  has   
be5 m5tion$1 !re are survivors ( !      
orig9al pack n[ to be  se5 9 ,les       
,cab9et des ,e/ampes 9 ,p>is1 :i*       
display ,he>ts1 ,diamonds1  ,clubs1 &   
,spades4    ,m]l91 ,*atto1 ,s+]1 &      
,breitkopf look f>!r afield ?an de      
,gebel9's pr$ecessors1 ^: writ+s are n[ 
=gott51 b all ( !m1  :ile ackn[l$g+ t ! 
images or ! pips ( ! ,t>ots ) :i*  !y   

are famili> h "s connection ) an old    
condition ( affairs1  fail to trace x1  
s9ce no reliable hi/orical or legal     
record ( c>ds  t are call$ ,play+ ,c>ds 
c be discov]$ prior to ! ,middle  ,ages1
 s !y assum$ t c>ds c\ld n h exi/$ be=e 
t date1  b ! possibility t !y might h   
liv$ & fl\ri%$ "u  ano!r "n is ov]look$4
    ,^! au?orities ackn[l$ge t ! %ape1 !
 sequ5ce1 & !  gr\p+ ( ! ,t>ots display 
sy/em1 :i* !y decide is int]e/+  b      
incompreh5sible1 yet !y fail to unravel 
! significance ( ^!  arrangem5ts4 ,!y   
t\* ^u ! /range resemblance ( v>i\s     
figures  & _! value 9 ! game ( ,l',ombre
 7,! ,man7 to ! civil law1  philosophy1 
& religion ( ! anci5t ,romans1 ,greeks1 
or ,egyptians4 ,mr4  ,s+] po9ts to "o ( 
! ,at\ts t he says resembles !          
attributes  ( ,osiris1 & o!r c>ds       
impress him z recall+ ^? ( ,m]cury1 z   
well z o!r my?ological p]sonages t he   
writes seem to be f\nd  among ! ,at\ts4 
,b all ! au?ors arre/ !mselves at ?is   
po9t  )\t inquir+ if ^! anci5t gods :om 

!y recognis$ 7 plac$  ) int5tion or by  
*ance on ! c>ds1 &1 al?\gh !y conc$e t  
! c>ds 7 us$ = div9+ purposes1 !y fail  
to connect !m  di/9ctly ) ! my/]ies (   
pa/ ages4    ,de ,gebel9 decl>es t !    
,t>ots c\ld only be ! outcome ( ! "w  ( 
sages1 & t ^! c>ds 7 int5d$ = ! use (   
initiates  & n = gambl]s4 ,he alone     
pi]ces ! my/]y ( ! orig9 ( !  ,t>ots1   
:ile ! o!rs cont5t !mselves ) suppos+ t 
c>ds  sprang 9 _! pres5t =m into use    
precisely z ,m9]va em]g$ fully  equipp$ 
f ,jove's head2 !y write t c>ds _h no   
exi/5ce1 no  =m1 & no record1 previ\s to
 ^? accord$ to !m ab\t !  ?irte5?       
c5tury4    ,to call an antagoni/ a      
dream] or a fool is an unconv9c+ =m (   
argum5t4 ,to decl>e t a proposition is  
untrue because x is pres5t$  = ! fir/ "t
 & has n be5 look$ into is absurd2 s    
to-day1 ov]  "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ye>s
 aft] ,c\rt de ,gebel9 spread 8 pe>ls   
be=e ! uncompreh5d+ /ud5ts ( ,play+ ,c>d
 lore1 x may be well  to recapitulate 8 
!ories & /udy 8 conclusions ) m9ds op5$ 

by latt]-day revelations ( ! anci5t     
rites1 my/]ies1 & cults1 &  n to reject 
!m )\t inve/igation4          ,,*apt] ,x
    ,,c\rt ,,& ,,po9t ,,c>ds ,,) ,,fr5* 
,,pips      ,z e>ly z #afef1 accord+ to 
! writ]s ( ! day1 a pack ( c>ds 0  call$
 9 ,engl&1 a pair ( c>ds1 :i* 0 evid5tly
 d]iv$ f !  ,italian1 ,paio1 z ! comb9$ 
,at\t & numb]$ c>ds1 or ! two  volumes (
 ! book ( ,?o? ,h]mes ,trismegi/us1 7   
occasionally call$  9 ,italy4 ,!        
importation ( c>ds 0 prohibit$ 9 ,engl& 
9 #adfc1 by  ,act #aa1 ,h5ry ,,vii1 z   
local productions 7 to be enc\rag$1 s   
=eign  c>ds are seldom f\nd 9 ,engl&4   
,sometimes ! collection ( fifty-two     
c>ds1 adopt$ f ! ,fr5*1 0  call$ a /ock1
 notably 9 ! play ( ,! ,?ree ,ladies (  
,london1  :]e "o ( !m says3 ,n[1 all !  
c>ds 9 ! ,/ock are dealt ab\t4  ,b ! ^w 
is n[ only appli$ :5 x is wi%$ to       
designate ^?  c>ds left aft] a h& has   
be5 dealt1 al?\gh !y are m commonly     
call$ ! wid[1 or ! =sak5 "o4 ,9 ,que5   
,elizabe?'s day1 a  pack ( c>ds 0 call$ 

a bun*1 & ,%akespe>e t]ms !m a deck1    
:i* designation is /ill us$ 9 ,scotl& & 
9 p>ts ( ! ,unit$  ,/ates4    ,! designs
 on ! c>ds repres5t+ ! numb]s are       
te*nically t]m$  pips1 or peeps1 p]haps 
f ! se$s ( apples1 pe>s1 & oranges1 t   
are s call$ 9 ,engl&2 & !y are also     
call$ spots4    ,9 ! ,metamorphosis (   
,ajax1 by ,sir ,john ,h>r+ton 7#afae71  
he says3  ,:5 ,brutus _h disc>d$ ! k+s &
 que5s out ( ! pack1 & %[n  himself     
sworn enemy to all ! ,coate c>ds1 !re   
crept 9 _m new =ms  ( gov]nm5t4 ,?is r  
unique & old-fa%ion$ way ( designat+  ! 
figures 9 ! pack leads "s p]sons to     
suppose t ! "n  impli$ coat$ figures1 t 
is to say1 m5 & wom5 we>+ coats1 9      
contradi/9ction to ! o!r devices ( fl[]s
 or animals4 ,! t]m  does n seem to h   
be5 g5]al1 h[ev]1 & x is m probable t   
!y 7 call$ c\rt c>ds1 s9ce ^!           
repres5tative p]sons are  dress$ 9      
erm9e1 ) ri* embroid]ies & jewels1 & two
 ( ea* suit  are cr[n$1 s t !y 7        
recognis$ z coat$1 or fa%ionably        

dress$4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out t ! orig9al
 ,fr5* c\rt c>ds 7  probably lik5esses (
 ! k+s ( ,france ( ! day1 z well z _!   
consorts & mi/resses2 :ile 9 ,engl&1 !y 
7 copies ( well-kn[n  portraits ( ,h5ry 
,,viii & 8 beautiful "m1 ,que5 ,elizabe?
 ( ,york1  s t !y 7 rul]s ( ! c>d k+dom1
 z well z ( _!  respective c\ntries4 ,! 
c>ds 71 !re=e1 call$ ( ! c\rt1 or  c\rt 
c>ds4    ,! collection necess>y = mo/ ( 
! games play$ ) ! ,fr5*  c>ds v>y 9     
numb]1 b ?is is m]ely a matt] ( local   
pref]5ce1 z  dem&$ by ! games 9 vogue4  
,9 ,p>is1 a ,piquet pack requires only  
?irty-six c>ds1 :ile1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 ,nonsu* ,eu*re calls =  sixty-"o1      
includ+ ! ,jok]1 :i* c>d is unkn[n 9    
,france4 ,a  /&>d ,fr5* or ,engli% pack 
conta9s fifty-two c>ds1 divid$ into  f\r
 suits1 l _! =efa!rs1 ! ,t>ots4 ,!      
di/+ui%+ feature  ( ! junior pack is !  
two col\rs into :i* x is p>t$1 = two (  
! suits are pa9t$ black1 & two are r$2  
?is di/9ction m>ks !  diff]5ce betwe5 ! 
,fr5* c>ds & ^? ( all o!r nations1 :]e  

local pips are us$4    ,! ,t>ots _h f\r 
c\rt c>ds to ea* suit1 :ile ! ,fr5* &   
,spani%  packs h only ?ree memb]s ( !   
c\rt _w4 ,! ,spani>ds omit !  woman f _!
 c>ds1 :ile ! ,fr5* drop "o ( ! m51 !   
cavali]1 a m\nt$ figure t gives v>iety &
 value to ! royal  family 9 o!r         
c\ntries1 & makes ! game m l "o ( w>1 & 
n m]ely a complim5t to a di/+ui%$ lady4 
,h[ev]1 ! ,k+1 ,que51  & ,knave are n[ !
 only ones ) ! ,fr5* emblems1 & ^! are  
foll[$ by t5 pip c>ds1 9 :i* numb] "o1  
or ! ,ace1 is sometimes  ! highe/1 &1 at
 o!rs1 ! l[e/ 9 ! pack1 accord+ to !    
game  to be play$4    ,9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 a pack is incomplete )\t !      
,jok]1 :i* !n  makes fifty-?ree c>ds to 
a /&>d pack4 ,_m writ]s h tri$ to       
connect ! numb] fifty-two ) ! weeks ( ! 
ye>1 b1 z c  easily be se5 by /udy+ !   
,t>ots1 ?is 0 n ! orig9al numb]1  & !   
,fr5*1 :5 inv5t+ _! new set ( c>ds1     
probably _h no  su* connection 9 m9d1 & 
! ,piquet1 :i* is ! e>lie/ ,fr5*  pack1 
conta9s less ?an fifty-two c>ds4    ,!  

,jok] did n make its appe>ance 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates until ab\t !  middle ( !  
n9ete5? c5tury1 & !n = a r /range       
reason4  ,! c>ds us$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 
7 ^? inh]it$ f ,france or  ,engl&1 :ile 
^? us$ 9 ! extreme ,s\?-we/]n ,/ates 7 (
  ,spani% orig91 b ! packs ( none ( ^!  
c\ntries _h reta9$ !  old figure (      
,m]cury4 ,! ,jok]1 h[ev]1 sudd5ly appe>$
 9 !  ,am]ican packs1 ! reason = ?is be+
 z foll[s1 c>ds are pr9t$ or  /amp$ on  
l>ge %eets ( pap]1 :i* are aft]w>ds cut 
ap>t to !  requir$ size4 ,:5 arrang$ on 
! %eet1 "o space 9 a corn] 0 n  us$1 &1 
!re=e1 left blank1 al?\gh ! back 0 pr9t$
 exactly  l all ! re/ ( ! pack4 ,hav+ no
 ne$ = ?is c>d1 ! mak]s  g5]\sly ?rew x 
91 & plac$ x on ! outside ( ! wrapp]1 s 
z  to %[ ! col\r & design ( ! back4 ,!  
value ( ! new c>d 0  rapidly recognis$  
by play]s1 :o1 impell$ by "s unkn[n p[]1
  assign$ to x ! position orig9ally     
occupi$ by ,il ,matto ( ! ,t>ot  pack1 )
 all its old privileges ( tak+ e o!r    
c>d4 ,x 0  p>ticul>ly valuable 9 ! game 

( ,eu*re1 t sprang into popul>ity  at ! 
same "t t ! ,jok] 7or ! "o :o play$     
tricks & took  !m7 0 adopt$4 ,s1 ?r\gh  
?is accid5tal appe>ance ( a blank c>d  9
 ! pack1 ,m]cury sudd5ly ass]t$ 8 old   
supremacy1 & cunn+ly  resum$ 8 wont$    
place & p[] 9 ! c>d _w1 al?\gh 8        
orig9al prom95ce & 8 cult _h be5        
entirely ov]look$ &  =gott5 = ov] five  
hundr$ ye>s1 except 9 "o p>ticul> t[n 9 
,italy1 :]e ! old ,t>ots are reta9$ 9 _!
 pri/9e condition4    ,in/ead ( us+ a   
blank c>d on ! outside ( ! pack1 "s ( ! 
,european c>d manufactur]s make a hole 9
 ! wrapp]1 ?r\gh :i* may  be se5 ! ,ace 
( ,he>ts1 /amp$ ) ! gov]nm5t rev5ue     
/amp4 ,9  ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! "n
 ( ! manufactur] is pr9t$ on  ! ,ace (  
,spades1 & ! rev5ue /amp is pa/$ on !   
wrapp] ( !  pack4 ,g]man c>d mak]s (t5  
place a blank c>d 9 _! wrapp]s1 b  x has
 n be5 incorporat$ into any ( ! local   
games1 nor does x be>  a rev5ue /amp or 
! mak]'s "n ^u x4    ,z soon z ,am]ican 
manufactur]s discov]$ t c>d play]s      

consid]$  ! odd c>d ( value1 ! ,jok] 0  
quickly repres5t$ by v>i\s  grotesque   
figures1 t diff] 9 e pack1 & are some:at
 confus+  to play]s4 ,x1 !re=e1 seems a 
pity t a uni=m design is n  agre$ ^u1 z 
is ! case ) ! c\rt c>ds4 ,any deviation 
f !  dress ( ! figures on ! latt] meets 
) in/ant opposition f  play]s4 ,x seems 
peculi> t ! c>d is nev] repres5t$ by    
,m]cury1  or a fool1 or a cl[n1 or      
p]haps1 a r$ devil1 :i* w\ld make x easy
  to di/+ui% f ! ,ace ( ,spades1 :i* is 
(t51 & sometimes  disa/r\sly1 mi/ak5 = !
 m p[]ful ,jok]4 ,! mo/ desirable  image
 t might n[ be us$ w\ld be a            
reproduction ( ! beautiful  fly+ figure 
( ,m]cury1 c>ry+ ! caduceus1 by ,john ( 
,bologna4    ,no ,fr5* packs1 & v few   
,engli% ones1 conta9 a ,jok]1 s9ce !    
games t call = its use are n fav\rites 9
 ^? c\ntries4  ,h[ev]1 ! ,jok]1 ) all   
its inh]it$ value1 is kn[n 9 !          
,japanese & ,korean packs ( c>ds1 :]e x 
seems to be ( sporadic  gr[?1 & is      
app>5tly n connect$ ) ! anci5t god1     

,m]cury1 !  quondam rul] ( ! c>ds4      
,nor are ! mak]s ( ! ,fr5* packs w$d$ to
 "o co/ume = ! c\rt  c>ds1 z are ^? (   
,engl&1 :]e ! slighte/ *ange 9 ! dress1 
emblems1 or col\rs1 causes a remon/rance
 f play]s1 :o insi/ on  reta9+ ev]y?+ z 
!y h be5 accu/om$ to x = sev]al  hundr$ 
ye>s4 ,! ,engli% p1 h[ev]1 d n rev]5ce !
 images  because !y are ^? ( _! own     
royal families1 = x rema9$ = an         
,am]ican to id5tify ! orig9 ( !         
pictures1 & to connect !m )  ! orig9als4
    ,engli% play]s ev5 res5t$ !         
alt]ation made ab\t #ahgj1 :5 !  c>ds 7 
cut 9 two1 & rev]s$1 mak+ :at are kn[n z
 d\ble  head]s4 ,^! are sometimes decl>$
 to be an ,am]ican innovation1 b  9     
,c>tes a ,j\]1 by ,m4 ,m]l91 a pack (   
,v5etian c>ds1 dat$ #afjb1  is          
illu/rat$1 ! c\rt c>ds ( :i* are s      
divid$4    ,ano!r novelty inv5t$ &      
introduc$ 9 ,am]ica1 is ! index1 or  !  
numb] ( ! c>d pr9t$ 9 ! upp] left-h& &  
l[] "r-h&  corn]s4 ,?is 0 necess>y =    
play+ ,pok]1 :]e ! play]s keep !  c>ds  

squeez$ toge!r z closely z possible1 to 
prev5t o!r play]s  look+ into _! h&s4   
,^! useful little numb]s h giv5 _!  "n (
 squeez]s1 or index$ c>ds to ?is fa%ion4
 ,engli% clubm51  h[ev]1 absolutely     
refus$ to adopt c>ds pr9t$ 9 ?is way4   
,! co/ume ( ! ,k+ 9 ,engli% & ,am]ican  
packs is a grotesque  reproduction ( t (
 ,h5ry ,,viii ( ,engl&1 & t ( ! ,knave  
is  l ! dress ( ! page ( 8 day4 ,! long 
sleeves 7 nicknam$  pokeys1 s9ce food or
 preci\s articles might be conceal$ 9   
!m1 s  ^! bag sleeves 7 ! ance/ors (    
pockets & reticules4    ,x is q z       
important to reta9 ! position z ! dress 
( ea*  figure1 if ! wi%es ( play]s are  
to be respect$4 ,?us1 ! ,k+ (  ,he>ts   
holds ! sword ( ,m]cury uplift$ 9 8 left
 h&4 ,x is an  h]aldic weapon1 & n a    
rapi]1 or :at is kn[n z a dress sword1 t
  w\ld h be5 usual ) ! co/ume ( ! p]iod4
 ,8 mate on !  ,engli% c>ds1 ! r$ ,k+ ( 
,diamonds1 has a battleaxe display$ 9 ! 
upp] left-h& corn]1 & he is ! only k+ ^:
 face is 9 pr(ile4  ,8 "r h& is rais$1 z

 if be/[+ a bless+4    ,! two black k+s 
ea* hold uplift$ swords4 ,t ( ,clubs    
faces t[>ds  ! left1 z does ! ,k+ (     
,he>ts1 b ,clubs holds an orb 9 8 "r    
h&4 ,! ,k+ ( ,spades faces t[>ds ! "r4  
,all ! k+s h long  hair1 re/+ on !      
%\ld]s1 & curl+ upw>ds at ! ends4 ,!y   
we>  small1 po9t$ m\/a*es 7) ! exception
 ( ,he>ts71 & all h  be>ds divid$ 9 !   
middle & curl$4 ,cr[ns & long1 fl[+     
robes1  trimm$ ) erm9e1 complete !      
co/ume1 except+ on ! mod]n1  d\ble-head$
 c>ds1 :]e _! royalties are curtail$ (  
half ( _!  spl5d\r4    ,x 0 once        
fa%ionable to assign names to ! royal   
family ( c>ds4 ,?is  cu/om has be5      
reta9$ 9 ,france1 & is ! only "o1 ) !   
exception ( ! col\r & designs ( ! pips1 
t has be5 kept1 =  ! e>ly dresses h be5 
entirely disc>d$1 & fanta/ic ones1 )  no
 h]aldic mean+ & no inh]it$ int5tion1 h 
be5 sub/itut$4  ,! revolution t ov]turn$
 ! ?rone ( ,france also upset !  co/umes
 ( ! c>d _w1 t _h closely resembl$ !    
orig9al  designs up to t date1 b :5     

royalty 0 bani%$1 ! c>ds foll[$  _m &   
v>i\s fa%ions4    ,9 ! orig9als1 !      
,knave ( ,clubs 0 nam$ ,rol&1 = "o ( !  
h]oes ( ,fr5* lit]ature 9 ! "t (        
,*>lemagne4 ,! k+ ( t  suit has a leg5d 
pr9t$ beside 8 "n1 faut s\ or lack p5ny4
  ,! ,que5 0 call$ ,tromp]ie4    ,! ,k+ 
( ,diamonds receiv$ ! hi/orical "n (    
,corsube1 & !  motto ( 8 ,que5 0 en toi 
te fie1 or self-tru/4 ,! ,k+ (  ,spades 
0 ,apoll91 a ,s>ac5ic h]o1 & ! ,que5 (  
,he>ts be>s !  motto1 ,la foie etsp4 d4 
u41 or lo/ fai?4 ,! date ( ^! c>ds  is  
ab\t #adej4    ,9 ano!r pack1 ( probably
 ne>ly ! same date1 ! ,k+ ( ,he>ts is   
nam$ ,la ,hire4 ,?is 0 ! nickname ( !   
w>rior :o 0 said to h  assi/$ 9 !       
inv5tion ( ! game ( ,piquet1 & ! pips   
unalt]ably  connect$ ) x4 ,! ,k+ (      
,diamonds has1 beside 8 "n1 t (  ,hector
 ( ,troy1 said to h be5 ! ance/or ( !   
k+s ( ,france4 ,!  ,knave ( ,spades is  
,ogi] ! ,dane1 rem9d+ ! play]s ( "o ( ! 
pe]s 9 ! "t ( ,*>lemagne4 ,! k+s ( ?is  
hi/oric pack 7  ,alex&]1 ,cs>1 ,david1 &

 ,*>lemagne4 ,! que5s 7 ,judi?1 ,pallas1
  ,arg9e1 & ,ra*el4 ,judi? 0 int5d$ =   
,isabella ( ,bav>ia1 "m (  ,*>les ,,vii1
 & a v disreputable p]son2 ,pallas      
typifi$ ,joan ( ,arc1  :o gave h] life =
 h] nation2 ,arg9e 0 suppos$ to repres5t
 !  wife ( ! k+1 ,m>ie ( ,anj\2 & ,ra*el
 0 ,agnes ,sorel1 ^:  emblem1 ! sorrel  
or clov] leaf1 _h be5 plac$ among !     
pips4    ,! ,knaves 9 ! c>d k+dom (     
,engl& we> battlem5t$ caps ( r$  velvet1
 %ap$ l ^? worn 9 t c\ntry by ! s]vant  
class 9 !  middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5
 ! dress ( ea* man & woman  m>k$ 8 or h]
 position ) peculi> di/9ctness4 ,to be q
  correct1 ! caps %\ld be black1 b ! t\*
 ( col\r is well-lik$  on ! c>ds4 ,!    
w>riors or police ( ! pack are ! black  
knaves :o  hold pikes z weapons4 ,!     
,knave ( ,clubs looks to ! "r1 & 8      
comrade to ! left4 ,^! c>ds typify ,boaz
 & ,jak91 or ! pill>s (  ! ,temple (    
,solomon1 rev]$ by ,freemasons4    ,!   
,knave ( ,he>ts is a soldi]1 l 8        
comrades1 b ( a some:at  high] grade1 & 

he c>ries on 8 "r arm a halb]d at re/4  
,9 8  left h& is a bran* ( olive1       
repres5t+ ! mess5g] ( peace1  cle>ly    
desc5d$ f ! emblem ( ,m]cury1 ^: w& 0   
(t5 us$ z  a flag ( truce4 ,! ,knave (  
,spades c>ries a twi/$ ribbon1 /rongly  
sugge/ive ( ! caduceus2 & he is suppos$ 
to repres5t ,pat*1 !  fav\rite c\rt fool
 ( ,elizabe? ( ,york4 ,bo? ! ,knave (   
,he>ts &  ! ,knave ( ,spades are 9      
pr(ile1 & look ov] ! left %\ld]4 ,!     
hair ( all is long & curly4 ,) !        
exception ( ,clubs1 all ( !  ,knaves we>
 m\/a*es1 b no be>ds4 ,diamonds once    
sport$ a quiv] )  arr[s1 b ?is has n[   
become "p ( ! dress1 & is difficult to  
sep>ate f its trimm+s4 ,be=e !y 7 s     
ru?lessly cut 9 half1  ^! ,knaves _h    
funny %ort1 fat legs1 ) broadto$ %oes4  
,! names giv5 to ! knaves 9 diff]5t     
localities & 9 diff]5t  games are n     
writt5 on ! c>ds1 z is ! case 9 ,france1
 b !y  receive !m f ! play]s1 & are     
sometimes hi/orical & r  af=d+4 ,9 ! old
 game ( ,gleek1 !y 7 nicknam$ ,tom4 ,9  

o!r  games1 ! ,knave ( ,clubs 0         
designat$ ,pam1 & 9 ,g]many1 he is call$
  ,w5zel1 ,w5celaus1 or d]              
,treffle-,bube4    ,jack 0 ! "n giv5 to 
all ! ,knaves 9 ,all-,f\rs1 :i* cognom5 
has  clung to !m4 ,9 ,eu*re1 ! ,knaves (
 ,trumps are call$ ,b[]s4 ,!  rules ( t 
game make ! ,jok] ! highe/ c>d1 foll[$  
by ! ,knave  ( ! suit decl>$ to be      
trumps1 & ! ,knave ( ! suit ( ! same    
col\r4 ,?us1 if ,he>ts are trumps1 its  
,knave is call$ ! "r b[]1  & ! ,knave ( 
,diamonds becomes ! left b[]4 ,?is ^w is
 a  corruption ( a dialect ^w1 mean+ "y 
man1 & 0 giv5 to !  ,knaves :5 ,eu*re 0 
inv5t$1 ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 at
  ! same "t t ! ,jok] 0 reappo9t$ to 8  
old place 9 ! pack4    ,9 ,skat & !     
games f :i* x has be5 adapt$1 su* z     
,tapp ,t>ot1  ( ! ,au/rians2 ,l',ombre1 
( ! ,italians1 & ,prim]o1 ( ! ,spani>ds 
& ,engli% 7to all ( :i* ! ,g]man game   
be>s a /rong resemblance71  ! ,knaves   
are call$ ,matadores4 ,9 ,france1 !     
,knave is call$ ,v>let1  or ,valet2 9   

,italy1 ,fant2 9 ,spa91 ,soto2 b !re are
 local nicknames  = all ! ,knaves 9     
diff]5t c\ntries & 9 diff]5t games4     
,ob]mann  & ,unt]mann1 or1 = %ort1 ,ob] 
& ,unt]1 are pr9t$ on ! two male        
figures 9 ! ,g]man packs1 :]e ?ree c\rt 
c>ds are reta9$1 b  :]e no ,que5s are to
 be f\nd1 al?\gh ! ,t>ots _h f\r royal  
p]sonages1 includ+ a ,que54    ,!       
attributes1 dresses1 & devices ( ! que5s
 ( ! c>d k+dom are  hi/orical & mo/     
int]e/+1 =1 l _! k+s & valets1 _!       
fa%ions h surviv$ un*ang$ = practically 
f\r hundr$ &  tw5ty-five ye>s1 s9ce !   
,fr5* c>ds 7 introduc$ into ,engl&4     
,none ( ! faces are 9 pr(ile1 b ! ,que5s
 ( ,diamonds & ,clubs  incl9e to our "r1
 :ile ! ,que5s ( ,he>ts & ,spades look  
t[>ds  our left4 ,! robes are trimm$ )  
erm9e & are conf9$ at ! wai/  by jewel$ 
buckles4 ,a wimple or veil floats f !   
fair hair t is  p>t$ ov] ! br[ & cr[n$ )
 a diadem1 worn q f> back  in/ead ( on !
 top ( ! head4    ,! repres5tation ( !  
,que5s on ! c>ds is a close copy ( !    

co/ume ( ! _m portraits extant (        
,elizabe? ( ,york1 daught] (  ,edw>d    
,,iv ( ,engl&1 wife ( ,h5ry ,,vii & "m (
 ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,"s (  h] lik5esses are 9
 diff]5t collections 9 ,engl&1 ! mo/    
int]e/+ "o be+ 9 ! ,national ,portrait  
,gall]y 9 ,london4    ,! picture ( ,h5ry
 ,,vii1 :i* hangs z a p5dant to t ( 8   
lovely  wife1 is m>k$ #aeje1 or f\r ye>s
 be=e 8 dea?1 & looks l an  eld]ly1     
c>eworn man1 b t ( 8 consort 0 probably 
pa9t$ at !  "t ( h] m>riage1 z %e is    
portray$ z a "y1 sweet-fac$ woman4  ,x  
is ?is picture t has be5 plac$ on !     
c>ds1 :]e x has  rema9$ practically     
unalt]$ = f\r c5turies1 :ile h] husb&'s 
lik5ess has n be5 p]petuat$ among ! c\rt
 c>ds4    ,! reason = plac+ ! lik5ess ( 
,elizabe? ( ,york on ! c>ds may  be     
briefly /at$4 ,%e 0 born 9 ! palace (   
,we/m9/]1 ,febru>y  #aa1 #adff1 & 0 !   
elde/ *ild ( ,edw>d ,,iv & ,elizabe?    
,woodville4  ,= "s ye>s ! little royal  
pr9cess 0 heiress to ! ?rone4 ,:5  8    
daught] 0 ab\t n9e ye>s ( age1 ,k+      

,edw>d made an exp$ition  into ,france1 
& w> ) t c\ntry 0 av]t$ only by h]      
submitt+  to become tribut>y to !       
invad]s4 ,9 ! articles ( peace1 !       
,pr9cess ,elizabe? 0 contract$ to !     
,dauph9 ,*>les1 ! elde/ son  ( ,l\is    
,,xi & ! great-gr&son ( ! crazy ,*>les  
,,vi1 = :om !  ,fr5* pips 7 said to h   
be5 inv5t$4    ,f ! h\r ( h] contract ) 
! heir ( ,france1 ,elizabe? 0  always   
address$ 9 ! palace1 says ,miss ,/rickl&
 9 h] ,lives ( !  ,que5s ( ,engl&1 z    
,mme4 la ,dauph9e1 s ! mo/ illu/ri\s    
,maid  ( ,york 7z %e 0 also call$7 0    
taught to speak & write ,fr5* by  ladies
 s5t to ,engl& by ,l\is4 ,!y also dress$
 ! pr9cess 9 !  late/ ,fr5* fa%ions4 ,! 
simple veil ( f9e :ite musl91 t _h  be5 
! cu/om>y c\rt dress1 0 replac$ by a    
velvet hood ) long  lapels heavily      
jewel$4 ,fl[+ sleeves trimm$ ) erm9e    
took !  place ( ! tight ones ) broad    
lace cuffs t _h =m]ly be5 !  /yle 9     
,engl&1 & a robe conf9$ at ! wai/ by a  
girdle & jewel$  buckle took ! place ( !

 /iff1 tight bodice4 ,all ^! items (    
dress  h be5 closely copi$ 9 ! c>ds1 :]e
 !y may be easily /udi$4                
,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,italian ,,t>ots  
,pip & ,c\rt ,c>ds ( ! ,sword ,suit     
#fa ,sev5 ( ,swords        #fb ,eight ( 
,swords        #fc ,n9e ( ,swords       
#fd ,t5 ( ,swords        #fe ,knave (   
,swords        #ff ,cavali] ( ,swords   
,elizabe? 0 also taught embroid]y by h] 
,fr5* dame d'honneur1 b1  above all1 0  
in/ruct$ to play ) ! c>ds be>+ ,fr5*    
pips  in/ead ( ^? ) ,g]man emblems1 %[+ 
,acorns1 ,leaves1 ,he>ts1 &  ,bells1 t 7
 probably us$ be=e t "t 9 ,engl&1 s9ce  
!y are  ! only ones f\nd 9 t c\ntry4    
,! m>riage contract 0 trea*]\sly brok5  
by ! ,fr5* k+1 :o  m>ri$ 8 son to ,anne 
( ,bretagne1 & ?is slight to ! ,pr9cess 
,elizabe? s infuriat$ h] fa!r t x caus$ 
8 dea?4    ,aft] ye>s ( sorr[ &         
vicissitudes1 ,elizabe? m>ri$ ,h5ry     
,,vii1  ,janu>y #af1 #adhf1 ?us unit+ ! 
h\ses ( ,york & ,lanca/]1 & h]  h]aldic 
rose rema9s on ! c>ds to rem9d u ( ?is  

important ev5t4    ,john de ,gigh1 a    
preb5d>y ( ,/4 ,paul's1 wrote a ,lat9   
epi?alamium on  h] m>riage1 & a "p ( x  
describes ?is exalt$ lady on h] w$d+    
day4 ,a free translation ( x may be giv5
 z foll[s3                          ,oh6
 royal maid1    ,put on y\r regal robes 
9 lovel9ess4    ,a ?\s& fair att5dants  
r\nd y wait1    ,( v>i\s ranks1 )       
diff]5t (fices1    ,to deck y\r beaute\s
 =m4 ,lo1 ?is delights    ,to smoo? )   
ivory comb y\r gold5 hair1    ,& t to   
curl & braid ea* %9+ tress1    ,& wrea! 
! sp>kl+ jewels r\nd y\r head1    ,tw9+ 
y\r s(t1 smoo? locks ) gems4 ,?is "o    
%all clasp    ,! radiant necklace fram$ 
9 frett$ gold    ,ab\t y\r sn[y neck1   
:ile t unfolds    ,! robes t gl[ ) gold 
& purple dye1    ,& fits ! ornam5ts )   
pati5t skill    ,to y\r unrivall$ limbs1
 & "h %all %9e    ,! co/ly treasures f !
 ,ori5t s&s4    ,! sapphire1 azure gem t
 emulates    ,heav5's l(tly ar*1 %all   
gleam1 & s(tly !re    ,! v]dant em]ald  
%$ its gre5e/ light1    ,& fi]y c>buncle

 fla% =? its rosy rays    ,f ! pure     
gold4    ,?is graphic description (     
hair1 co/ume1 & ornam5ts seems to be    
/ill  repeat$ 9 ! c>ds ( to-day t       
closely resemble ! portraits (  ?is     
da9ty que54    ,elizabe? 0 a believ] 9  
=tune-tell+ & consult$ an a/rolog] on   
_m occasions4 ,x 0 pr$ict$ t all sorts (
 good =tune w\ld  befall h] 9 #aejc1 on 
! day t %e complet$ h] ?irty-sev5? ye>4 
,?is is allud$ to 9 ! elegy t ,sir      
,?omas ,m wrote on 8 royal  mi/ress1    
describ+ 9 x ! folly & vanity ( su*     
div9ations &  _! untru/wor?9ess1 z      
foll[s3      ,yet 0 ,i lately promis$   
o!rwise    ,?is ye> to lie 9 weal & 9   
delight2    ,lo6 to :at come? all ?y    
bl&i%+ promises1    ,o false a/rology & 
div9itrice1    ,( ,god's secrets vaunt+ 
?yself s wise8    ,h[ true is = ?is ye> 
! prophecy8    ,! ye> yet la/e?1 & lo1  
"h ,i lie4    ,x boote? n = me to wail &
 cry1    ,pray = my s\l1 = lo1 "h ,i    
die4    ,=1 aft] a %ort & sad m>ri$     
life1 ,que5 ,elizabe? di$ on h]         

bir?day1 ,febru>y #aa1 #aejc4 ,%e 01    
says ,miss ,/rickl&1 "o ( !  mo/        
beautiful ( our que5s4 ,h] portraits are
 num]\s & h]  monum5tal /atue is 9 ,k+  
,h5ry's ,*apel at ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,x 0 
design$ by ,torregiano & %[s ! sweet    
expression ( h] m\?4    ,! portrait (   
?is lovely1 g5tle lady may well rema9 z 
que5 ( !  ,c>d ,k+dom1 ) t ( h] son1    
,h5ry ,,viii1 z k+4 ,9 ,engl& !  ,que5 (
 ,he>ts is /ill frequ5tly call$ ,que5   
,bess4    ,! plaid or *equ]$ backs      
fa%ionable at "o "t on c>ds 7 lat]      
disc>d$1 s9ce !y c\ld s easily be us$ by
 gambl]s1 :o put m>ks  on ! c>ds t c\ld 
n readily be disc]n$ by unaccu/om$      
play]s4  ,! *equ]$ backs gave rise to ! 
supposition t ! bo>d =  play+ *ess _h   
be5 transf]r$ to ! backs ( ! c>ds1 & !  
*essm5 _h be5 conv]t$ into pr9t$ figures
 on ! faces ( !  c>dbo>d4 ,?is idea has 
be5 prov$ incorrect1 s9ce c>ds are 9 no 
way  d]iv$ f ! game ( ,*ess4    ,9      
,france ! backs ( ! c>ds are highly     
glaz$ & are ( a pla91  uni=m col\r1     

g5]ally r$ or gre54 ,9 ,spa9 c>d mak]s  
use speckl$  backs4 ,! mod]n ,t>ots h   
designs engrav$ on a v ?9 pap] t  is    
pa/$ on ! back1 ! edges ( :i* are turn$ 
ov] ! face ( !  c>d1 mak+ a n>r[ bord]4 
,^! designs are sometimes ! woman (     
,sam>ia1 & at o!rs a ,h]cules ?r[+ rocks
 d[n a precipice4 ,!  backs ( old       
,engli% c>ds 7 g5]ally pla91 & :5 pap] 0
 sc>ce  or exp5sive1 old c>ds 7 too     
useful to be de/roy$1 & 7 us$ =  v>i\s  
purposes2 h5ce we f9d !m 9 ! b9d+s ( old
 books4    ,sometimes !y 7 cut up = pap]
 dolls4 ,! ri*ly dress$ figures (  !    
c\rt c>ds 7 +5i\sly put to ?is purpose1 
:ile a skillful  cutt] c\ld ) a pair (  
scissors fa%ion sl$s1 *airs1 tables1    
etc41  f ! pip c>ds4    ,9 ,h5ry        
,esmond1 ,?ack]ay m5tions t an          
invitation 0 s5t on a ,t5  ( ,diamonds1 
& ?is 0 a common practice 9 ,am]ica be=e
 !  ,revolution4 ,!re are sev]al c>ds   
pres]v$ 9 diff]5t families on  :i*      
invitations h be5 writt5 or pr9t$4 ,"o (
 !m is z foll[s3  ,sir ,jeff]y ,amhur/'s

 complim5ts to ,mrs4 ,paul ,mill]1 &    
desires !  ,fav\r ( h] ,company to a    
,ball at ! ,new ,assembly ,rooms on     
,saturday !  #bc;d in/41 be+ !          
,anniv]s>y ( ,/4 ,george4 ,head ,qu>t]s 
,april #ah?1  #agfc1 ,new ,york4    ,9 !
 days ( ,*>les ,i & ! ,commonweal?1 !re 
0 a ,sir ,john  ,nor?cote1 ance/or ( !  
pres5t pe]1 :o took ! ,p>liam5t>y side  
aga9/ ! k+4 ,8 fa!r 0 ,ju/ice ,nor?cote1
 :o at a game ( c>ds  won an e/ate 9    
,devon%ire f a ,mr4 ,d[ri%4 ,! game     
play$ 0  ,piquet1 & to commemorate ?is  
transaction1 ! h&s held by ! play]s  7  
aft]w>ds inlaid ^u ! table !y us$1 t is 
/ill pres]v$  by ! family4              
,,*apt] ,,xi    ,,po9t ,,c>ds ,,) ,,fr5*
 ,,pips      ,:5 ,m]cury's emblems 7    
disc>d$ by ! ,fr5*1 "s f\r hundr$  ye>s 
s9ce1 to be replac$ by local designs1 x 
0 b natural t !  po9ts %\ld be accord$  
orig9al & appropriate significances at  
_!  bir?place1 z well z 9 ! ali5        
c\ntries :]e ^! new pips 7  adopt$4     
,names 7 sugge/$ by ! %ape or usage ( ! 

device 9  diff]5t games or "u notewor?y 
occasions4    ,?us1 ! ,pique ( ! ,fr5*  
7! %ape ( :i* 0 d]iv$ f !  outl9e ( !   
halleb>de ( ! soldi]s :o 7 on gu>d ab\t 
_!  k+7 receiv$ f ! ,engli% ! "n (      
,spade1 & = ?is sev]al  d]ivations h be5
 giv54 ,"o ( !m is t ! %ape resembl$ t  
( ! %ovel or spade common among m9]s1 b 
! m probable orig9  is ! "o t is sugge/$
 f ! ,t>ot pip call$ by ! ,spani>ds     
,espadas1 ! "n ( :i* 0 transf]r$ to !   
new emblem1 :i* is a  sugge/ion t !     
,t>ot c>ds 7 n unkn[n 9 ,engl& be=e !   
arrival ( ! ,fr5* pack1 al?\gh no c>ds (
 ?is p]iod h be5  f\nd 9 ,engl&4    ,?is
 is /range1 = fragm5ts ( an old pack    
call$ ,dr4 ,/ukley's c>ds  are n[ 9 !   
,briti% ,museum1 be>+ ,bells & o!r      
,g]man emblems4  ,!y are ( ab\t ! date (
 ! inv5tion ( ! ,fr5* pips1 b s9ce  !y 7
 f\nd 9 ! b9d+ ( a ,lat9 book t may h   
be5 import$  into ,engl&1 ! orig9als may
 nev] h be5 us$ 9 t c\ntry4    ,9       
,york%ire1 ! common p call a ,diamond a 
,picke1 says ,mr4 ,taylor1  because x is

 pick$ or %>p-po9t$ z ! diamond /one4   
,o!r  au?orities decl>e t x is to be    
ga!r$ f its resemblance to a  mill-pick1
 & o!rs assume t ! small w9d[ frames (  
e>ly days  are responsible = ! "n       
,diamond1 z !y 7 g5]ally loz5ge or      
diamond-%ap$4 ,! "n ,picke may also h   
be5 a corruption ( !  ,fr5* ,pique1     
assign$ f ! orig9al to ! pip ( ano!r    
col\r4    ,! "n ,club by no means       
describes ! clov] or sorrel leaf t 0  ! 
emblem adopt$ by ,agnes ,sorel1 b 0     
probably ! "n orig9ally  giv5 to ! ,rod 
or caduceus ( ! ,t>ots1 aga9 %[+ t ^!   
c>ds  7 probably kn[n 9 ,engl& be=e !   
,fr5* pips became fa%ionable4  ,!y may h
 appe>$ fir/ at c\rt1 & !n among !      
noblem5 &  upp] classes1 al?\gh x 0     
probably a hundr$ ye>s be=e ^!  emblems 
became common1 z fa%ions mov$ sl[ly 9 ^?
 days & c>ds  7 n *eaply reproduc$1 b = 
"s "t 7 exp5sive luxuries  only to be   
f\nd among ! ri*4    ,he>ts are ! only  
pips ^: emblem is correctly describ$ by 
its "n4    ,! "n ( ,ace seems to h be5  

d]iv$ f ,z or ,asso1 :i* 0 !  unit ( !  
,roman co9age4 ,x is repres5t$ by a s+le
 device1 plac$ 9  ! c5tre ( ! c>d1 a    
fa%ion foll[$ 9 all c\ntries4    ,a     
nickname = ! ,ace ( ,diamonds 9 ,irel&  
is ! ,e>l ( ,cork4 ,?is  is expla9$ by  
,mr4 ,taylor1 :o says3 ,x 0 because x is
 ! wor/ ,ace  & ! poore/ c>d 9 ! pack1 &
 ! ,e>l ( ,cork 0 ! poore/  nobleman4   
,! ,spani>ds call ! ,ace ( ,money ,le   
,borgne1 or ! "o-ey$4 ,!  ,trey ( t suit
 is ,le ,seigneur4 ,! ,trey ( ,cups is  
nam$ ,la ,dame1  or ! ,lady1 & ! ,deuce 
( t suit ,la ,va*e1 or ! ,c[4 ,! ,n9es  
( ,cups & ( ,money are ! great & little 
,n9es1 :ile ! ,ace (  ,/icks is ! s]p5t4
 ,?is is ! caduceus ( ,m]cury1 ar\nd :i*
  orig9ally 7 w\nd ! two h]aldic snakes1
 :i* h n[ deg5]at$  into two /rips or   
ribbons4    ,! ,aces ( ! ,swiss pack h  
flags wrapp$ ar\nd ! c5tral pip1 &  ^? (
 ,g]many h be] mugs & k9dr$ subjects    
pr9t$ on !m4 ,9  ,european c\ntries1    
c>ds c only be pur*as$ f tobacconi/s or 
9  be] g>d5s4    ,! ,spani>ds call !    

,two spot ,dos1 ! ,g]mans "n x ,daus1 & 
!  ,fr5* & ,engli% dub x ,deuce4 ,al?\gh
 x is always ! l[e/ 9 !  pack1 s9ce 9   
almo/ all games ! ,aces are high1 !re is
 an old  prov]b :i* says1 ,!re's luck "u
 ! black ,deuce1 & old :i/  play]s _h a 
habit ( try+ to prev5t ! good =tune f   
fall+ to  an adv]s>y :5 !y turn$ x up = 
trumps by say+1 ,n :5 !  "r elb[ is on  
x1 & suit+ ! action to ! ^w4    ,9      
,engl&1 at "o "t1 ! ,n9e ( ,diamonds 0  
call$ ! curse (  ,scotl&1 or ! cross (  
,scotl&1 ref]r+ to ! arrangem5t ( !     
pips1 :i*1 ) ! addition ( a few connect+
 l9es1 c be made to  look l ! h]aldic   
,/4 ,&rew's cross on ! arms ( ,scotl&4  
,mr4  ,taylor quotes on page #bce f ,!  
,oracle or ,resolv] ( ,que/ions         
7#aggj71 say+ ! ,cr[n ( ,scotl& _h b n9e
 diamonds 9 x1 s t  0 ! orig9 ( ! "n = t
 c>d4    ,an explanation is giv5 = call+
 ! c>d a curse1 z !re is a  tradition t 
x 0 on ?is c>d t ! ,but*] ,duke (       
,cumb]l&  wrote 8 sangu9>y ord] aft] !  
battle ( ,cullod51 & yet ano!r  reason  

giv5 is t1 9 ! game call$ aft] h]1 !    
,n9e ( ,diamonds  is nam$ ,pope ,joan1  
to :om a l>ge =feit mu/ be paid4 ,old   
,*9ese  laqu]$ boxes1 t also conta9$    
beautifully c>v$ "m-(-pe>l  c\nt]s      
7*ips71 always _h sev]al little trays 9 
!m1 :i* obviat$  ! necessity = spoil+ a 
fre% pack ( c>ds & fold+ !m = !         
necess>y trays4 ,! ,*9ese boxes _h !    
,k+s1 ,que5s1 ,knaves1 &  ,n9es (       
,diamonds pa9t$ on _! bottom4 ,^! 7     
plac$ 9 ! c5tre  ( ! table & ! =feit$   
c\nt]s paid into !m4 ,! game call$  = "o
 *ip to be paid to ! ,k+1 two to !      
,que51 ?ree to ! ,knave1  & f\r to ,pope
 ,joan 7! ,n9e ( ,diamonds71 caus+ ?is  
c>d to be  dislik$ by play]s1 :o        
consid]$ x a curse4    ,we call ! ,?ree 
spot a ,trey1 :i* "n is probably d]iv$ f
 !  ,spani% ,tres or ! ,fr5* ,trois4    
,! ,f\r ( ,he>ts is sometimes call$ ,bob
 ,coll+wood1 & is by "s  consid]$ an    
unlucky c>d1 :ile ! ,f\r ( ,spades has  
receiv$ ! "n  ( ,n$ ,/okes2 b ^! are    
probably localisms & h b little  int]e/ 

= ! g5]al public4 ,! ,f\r ( ,clubs is   
nicknam$ !  ,devil's b$-po/s1 & 9 ! old 
game ( ,gleek all ! ,f\rs 7 nam$        
,tiddy4 ,! ,f\r ( ,money frequ5tly be>s 
! emblem ( ! d\ble />1  signify+ ! h\se 
( ,david1 t 0 "o ( ! signs adopt$ by    
,freemasons4    ,9 ! game ( ,gleek !    
,fives 7 call$ ,t[s]1 & ! ,sixes        
,tumbl]1  & ^! 7 lucky c>ds1 z !y c\nt$ 
d\ble :5 !y 7 turn$  up z ,trumps4    ,9
 ,irel&1 says ,mr4 ,taylor1 ! ,six (    
,he>ts is call$ ',grace's  c>d1' f !    
spirit$ answ] return$ by "o ( t family  
to ,m>%al  ,s*omb]g1 :o s5t to tempt    
,grace to esp\se ! cause ( ,william (   
,orange4 ,a reply 0 writt5 on ! ,six (  
,he>ts z foll[s3 ',tell y\r  ma/] t ,i  
despise 8 (f]1 & t hon\r & consci5ce are
 de>]  to me ?an all ! weal? & titles t 
a pr9ce c be/[4'    ,lady ,doro?y       
,nevill1 9 h] int]e/+ book1 ,"u ,five   
,reigns1 says  7page #cbj73 ,visit+     
c>ds1 x is n g5]ally kn[n1 orig9at$ f   
ord9>y play+ c>ds1 :i* 7 us$ z su* z    
late z ! end ( !  eighte5? c5tury4 ,a   

pro( ( ?is is t :51 "s "t ago1 c]ta9    
repairs 7 be+ made at a h\se 9 ,dean    
,/reet1 ,soho1 a few play+  c>ds 7 f\nd 
) names writt5 on _! backs beh9d a m>ble
 *imney  piece4 ,"o ( ! c>ds 9 "q 0     
inscrib$ ,isaac ,newton1 & !  h\se _h   
be5 ! resid5ce ( 8 fa!r-9-law1 ,hog>?1 9
 "o (  ^: pictures ( ,m>riage a la      
,mode1 ,plate ,,iv1 sev]al 'play+ c>d'  
visit+ c>ds may be se5 ly+ on ! floor on
 ! "r side ( !  picture4 ,on "o ( !m is 
inscrib$1 ',c\nt ,basset begs to no h[  
,lady  ,squ&] slept la/ nite4' ,z "t w5t
 on1 specially devis$ visit+  c>ds )    
some:at ornate calligraphy took ! place 
( play+ c>ds1  & ^!1 9 "t1 develop$ into
 ! small & simple pieces (  pa/ebo>d 9  
use to-day4    ,al?\gh ! ,t>ots & ! c>ds
 ( _m nations h well-decorat$  engrav$  
backs1 ^! sometimes 7 simply *equ]$ or  
cov]$ ) t9y  dots1 :i* made "s writ]s   
believe ! "n ,t>ot to be d]iv$ f  t>ot1 
or spott$2 b ?is 0 n ! case1 s9ce !     
orig9al "n  = c>ds 0 ! ,book ( ,?o?4    
,,*apt] ,,xii    ,,accord+ ,,to ,,hoyle 

,! ance/or ( all our common games ( c>ds
 is probably ,l',ombre1 ,el  ,hombre1 or
 ,! ,man1 sometimes also call$ ,la      
,be/e1 ! orig9 ( :i*  has be5 trac$ to !
 middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 9 ,italy1 :]e
  ! orig9al ,t>ots 7 us$ z !y are       
to-day4 ,a modification ( !  old game is
 call$ ,t>roco1 ! rules = :i* h be5     
alt]$ dur+  ! c5turies t h pass$ s9ce ! 
game 0 fir/ tak5 to !  he>ts ( !        
gambl]s1 :o succe$$ ! =tune-tell]s or ! 
prie/s  ( ,m]cury4 ,! game hav+ n[ b few
 int]pret]s1 ! c>ds h  ne>ly ceas$ to   
be> ! messages ( ! gods1 & ! cult (     
,m]cury is  =gott54    ,l',ombre 0 play$
 dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury 9 ,spa91 & w&]$  
to  ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,au/ria4
 ,x /ill receives its orig9al  title 9 !
 fir/ two c\ntries1 & is play$ by c\ntry
 folk1 b 9  ,france x seems to h be5    
disc>d$4    ,"u ! "n ( ,skat1 & play$ ) 
! pips ( t c\ntry1 a  modifi$ =m ( !    
game is kn[n 9 ,g]many4 ,9 ,au/ria !    
game is  call$ ,tapp ,t>ok1 & ! anci5t  
names are assign$ to /rangely  design$  

c>ds q =eign to ! orig9al ,t>ots1 al?\gh
 ! pack  includes tw5ty-two ,at\ts &    
fifty-two pip c>ds t be> ! ,fr5*1  b n !
 ,italian or ,g]man1 designs4 ,= ?is    
game ! old rules are  l>gely reta9$1 & x
 is consid]$ difficult & highly         
sci5tific1 s  ?is re>rang$ pack has tak5
 ! place ( ! old ,t>ots 9 ,au/ria4      
,tapp ,t>ok is a fa%ionable game 9      
,vi5na1 :]e ! ,hoyle ( ! day  calmly    
ann\nces t x orig9at$ 9 t city ) ! c>ds 
inv5t$  = x1 totally ignor+ ! l9eage ( !
 true ,t>ots1 ( :i* _!  ,t>ok pack is   
simply an alt]ation1 ) ! ,fr5* pips     
ex*ang$ =  ,cups1 ,money1 ,swords1 &    
,/aves4 ,t ! new symbols 7 adopt$ at !  
same "t t ! emblematic figures ( !      
,at\ts 7 ca/ aside1 to be  replac$ by   
mean+less pictures1 is mo/ probable1 &  
"o au?or  decl>es t ! *ange 0 made      
lately1 b a pack 9 ! writ]'s  possession
 proves t su* 0 n ! case1 = ! designs   
are ^? (  ! old ,t>ots4    ,aft] !      
=tune-tell+ pack _h be5 adopt$ = a      
tte-a-tte game1 x  spread rapidly f     

,etruria to o!r places1 & ,l',ombre is  
m5tion$ 9  e>ly ,italian books ( hi/ory1
 romance1 & poetry1 :]e ! game is       
frequ5tly call$ ,t>roco or ,m9*iate4 ,9 
,engl& ! ,poet-laureate  ,wall]         
immortaliz$ a c>d torn at ,l',ombre by !
 ,que51 :o 0  ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza1 !    
wife ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,x is ,bel9da's game
 9  ,! ,rape ( ! ,lock1 & 9 _m pictures 
( t "t play]s are  depict$ ei!r         
tte-a-tte1 or else ?ree p]sons are seat$
 at  ?ree-sid$ tables t 7 p>ticul>ly    
fa%ion$ = ?is game2 ^!  are /ill        
treasur$ 9 old mansions1 :]e !y are     
call$ ,ombre or  ,pref]5ce tables4    ,!
 ,spani% nickname = ,l',ombre is        
,manilla1 :i* is also t ( "o (  _!      
fav\rite c>ds4 ,"s ( _! t[ns h _h ?is "n
 giv5 to  !m1 "o ( :i* is 9 ! ,philipp9e
 ,isl&s & "o on ! ,african  coa/4 ,la   
,manilla is "o ( ! ,matadores1 ! "n giv5
 ! f\r  c>ds t are select$ to outrank   
all ! o!rs1 & s call$ because  !y are   
kill]s or slaught]]s1 s9ce !y kill or   
take all o!r  c>ds4    ,! ,ace (        

,espadas 7,swords7 is ! fir/ ,matador1  
nicknam$ ,espadilla1 or  little ,sword1 
aft] ! ,h>p ( ,m]cury t is repres5t$ on 
?is c>d1  ! suit be+ call$ aft] its     
emblem4 ,9 ,engl& ! c>d is call$        
,spadille4    ,! second ,matador is ! "o
 nam$ ,manilla or ,malilla1 & is ! ,n9e 
(  ,money4 ,! ?ird ,matador is ! ,ace ( 
,/icks1 call$ ,ba/o1 he :o  knocks or   
beats4 ,x is ! ,caduceus1 or ,rod1 & !  
suit takes its "n  f x4 ,9 c]ta9 p>ts ( 
! game x is play$ ) great effect1 z  is 
m5tion$ 9 ,cran=d1 by ,mrs4 ,gaskell1   
:]e is a description (  "s ladies play+ 
a game t 0 !n call$ ,pref]5ce2 :]e ,miss
  ,b>k] at ! c>d table 0 ba/+ mo/       
unm]cifully1 al?\gh %e  decl>$ t %e 0   
too ignorant to "k ,spadille f ,manille4
 ,!  f\r? ,matador is ! ,ace ( ,cups1 & 
is call$ ,punto1 :i* means !  po9t or   
spot4    ,play]s ( ,skat w readily      
recognize ^! t]ms & ! value ( !  c>ds4  
,rules & play v>y 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 s 
x w\ld take close  /udy ( ea* game to   
po9t out ! v>i\s rules1 names1 etc41 t  

connect ! games ( ! day ) _!            
five-hundr$-ye>-old ance/or4    ,9      
,engl& ! elde/ desc5dant ( ,l',ombre    
seems to be ,prim]o1 ,prime1  ,prima-/a1
 or ,pref]5ce1 = all are ! same game4   
,"s writ]s claim  t :5 ,philip ( ,spa9 0
 woo+ ,m>y ( ,engl& he taught h] !  game
 fa%ionable at ! c\rt ( 8 fa!r1 ,*>les  
,v1 b ,prim]o 0 9  vogue among ! p f !  
days ( ,h5ry ,,viii to t ( ,james ,i1 s 
mu* s t ,piquet1 ! ,fr5* game taught to 
,h5ry's "m :5 !  ,fr5* pips 7 introduc$ 
into ,engl&1 0 greatly neglect$ except 9
  c\rt circles4    ,9 ! ,e>l (          
,nor?umb]l&'s lett]s we f9d a ref]5ce to
 ! game1  z 9 "o ( !m is ! foll[+       
s5t5ce3 ,jocelyn ,p]cy 0 play+ at       
,prim]o on ,sunday 9 ,essex ,h\se1 :5 8 
uncle ! conspirator call$ on  him4    ,9
 ! ,sidney ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,,ii 7page     
#hc71 !re is an acc\nt ( ,sir ,walt]    
,raleigh1 ,william ,ambrose ,will\ghby1 
& ,mr4 ,p>k] be+ at ,prim]o 9  !        
,pres5ce ,*amb]1 ! que5 0 gone to b$4   
,"l ,s\?ampton1 z  ,squire ( ! ,body1   

desir$ him1 ,will\ghby1 to give ov]4    
,soon aft] he  spoke to !m aga9 t if !y 
did n leave he w\ld call 9 ! ,gu>d  to  
pull d[n ! bo>d1 :i* ,sir ,walt] ,rawley
 see+ put up 8 money  & w5t 8 ways4 ,?is
 occurr$ 9 #aeih4    ,9 ,m>cus's ,life  
at ,prim]o1 _m ( ! t]ms us$ 9 ! game are
  m5tion$1 su* z ,prime1 ,re/1 ,elde/   
,h&1 ,flu%1 ,/op1 ,pack1 etc41 all  (   
:i* h be5 adopt$ 9 "o or m mod]n games4 
,9 ,m9%ew's  ,spani% ,diction>y !re is  
an illu/ration ( play]s at ,prim]o 9 !  
"t ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4    ,9 ,capitolo   
del ,gioco della ,prim]a1 by ,b]ni1 !   
game is ?us  m5tion$3 ,to describe :at  
,prim]a is w\ld be little less ?an      
useless1  = !re c sc>cely be any "o s   
ignorant z to be unacqua9t$ )  x1 al?\gh
 play$ diff]5tly 9 ,flor5ce f ,v5ice1   
,naples1 ,france1  or ,spa91 b none ( ^!
 v>i\s ways ( play+ ! game are sup]ior  
to ! ,rules ( ,rome1 :]e ! game         
pr9cipally fl\ri%es4    ,9 "o ( ! works 
( ,rabelais1 edit$ by ,m4 le ,du*at1 two
 k9ds (  ,prim]o are describ$ call$ !   

less] & ! great]4 ,9 ! =m]  only pip    
c>ds are requir$1 b 9 ! latt] ! :ole    
,t>ot pack is  reta9$1 z 9 ,au/ria1 :]e 
,at\ts & pip c>ds belong to ,tapp ,t>ok4
  ,! ,g]mans play ! less] ,prim]o & call
 x ,skat4 ,?is %[s h[  widely ! rules ( 
! game h p>t$ f ! orig9al laws1 :i* is  
! reason t x is n[ almo/ impossible to  
h>monize x ) !  =tune-tell+ game t x 0  
prim>ily4 ,9 ,italy x is call$          
,m9*iate1 ,t>occo1 & ,t>occoni4 ,^! n[  
diff] z mu* f !  orig9al z bridge :i/   
does f ^! games4    ,! t]ms ( ! diff]5t 
games 7 frequ5tly us$ 9 old plays or    
romances 9 ,engl&1 z well z 9 o!r       
places4 ,%akespe>e m5tions  ,prim]o 9   
,h5ry ,,viii 7v3#a73 ,i left ! k+ at    
,prim]o ) ! ,duke  ( ,suffolk4 ,aga91 9 
,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor 7iv3#e71      
,fal/aff says3  ,i nev] prosp]$ s9ce ,i 
=eswore myself at ,prim]o4    ,sir ,h>ry
 ,wildair 7#agja7 says3 ,! ,capot at    
,piquet1 ! ,p>oli at ,basset1  & !n     
,ombre4 ,:o c resi/ ! *>ms ( ,matadores8
    ,lady ,lurewell answ]s3 ,ay1 ,sir   

,h>ry1 & ! ',sept le va1 ,qu9ze le va'  
( ,basset1 '! ,n9e ( ,diamonds at       
,comet' or ,pope ,joan1 '?ree ,fives  at
 ,cribbage & ,pam1' ! ',que5 to ! ,knave
 ( ,clubs 9 ,loo4'    ,! t]ms 9 ,prim]o 
h be5 s g5]ally adopt$ 9 mod]n games t  
!y are famili> to all play]s1 al?\gh z a
 collection !y are no  long] us$ = "o   
game4 ,prim]o is play$ by deal+ f\r     
c>ds1 at  :i* ! play]s look1 &1 if !y   
are unsuitable1 !y say ,pass4 ,!  ,sev5s
 are ! highe/ c>ds & are wor? tw5ty-"o  
po9ts4 ,! o!r  numb]s h values t diff]  
accord+ to ! locality :]e ! game  is    
play$4 ,qu9ola1 or ! ,knave ( ,he>ts1   
repres5ts ! ,jok]1 & !  c>ds left aft]  
deal+ are n call$ ! ,wid[ or ! ,/ock1 z 
9 "s  games1 b ! ,re/4 ,punto1 or po9t1 
is n ! ,ace ( ,cups1 z 9  ,spa91 = 9    
,engl& x is ! ,qu9ola4 ,flu%es are f\r  
c>ds ( !  same suit1 & ,prime is a h& 9 
:i* !re are f\r c>ds ( ! same  value1 b 
ea* "o ( a diff]5t suit4    ,c>d games  
foll[$ ea* o!r1 fir/ "o & !n ano!r      
becom+ !  fa%ion1 only to be replac$ by 

a new "o or a modification ( "s old  "o1
 & aft] ,l',ombre & ,pref]5ce came      
,mawe1 ,po/1 ,lodam1 ,noddy1  ,b>k]\t   
7probably ,bacc>at71 & c\ntless o!rs1 to
 ! n[  all-important ,bridge or ,auction
 ,:i/4    ,mawe is describ$ 9 ,mr4      
,s+]'s ,hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds 7page     
#beh7  z a playe at c>ds gr[n out ( !   
c\ntry f ! meane/ into cr$it  at c\rt ) 
! greate/4 ,! game is frequ5tly ref]r$  
to by "n 9  books or plays writt5 ab\t  
#aehj4 ,! ,ace ( ,he>ts is call$        
,rum/it*  or ,rom/ecq1 ! "n giv5 to     
,mawe 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,9 ,g]many !  game  
is play$ ) a ,piquet pack ( ?irty-six   
c>ds1 & any numb] (  p]sons f two to six
 may =m ! p>ty4 ,! ,italians call a     
simil>  game ,romfa4    ,noddy is a     
*ildi% game1 b x 0 fa%ionable 9 !       
sev5te5?  c5tury1 & is frequ5tly ref]r$ 
to by writ]s ( t "t4    ,gleek is       
describ$ 9 ,cotton's ,complete ,game/]1 
:]e x is call$ a  noble & delightful    
game or recreation4 ,x is also m5tion$  
by ,villon1  :o wrote 9 #adfa1 & o!r    

contempor>y au?ors4 ,m4 le ,du*at1 !    
editor ( ,rabelais1 decl>es t ! "n is   
d]iv$ f ! ,g]man ^w  ,glck1 mean+ *ance 
or luck4 ,x is play$ by ?ree p]sons     
only1 ea*  ( :om is dealt twelve c>ds1  
eight be+ left 9 ! wid[1 t is  call$ !  
/ock4 ,! ,deuces & ,treys are tak5 f !  
pack4 ,if !  ,f\r is turn$ up z trump1 x
 is call$ ,tiddy1 & ea* play] pays  f\r 
c\nt]s to ! deal]4 ,a ,m\rival is a h&  
hold+ all ! ,k+s1  ,que5s1 ,knaves1 or  
,aces4 ,! play]s bid = ! /ock1 z is done
 9  ,nonsu* ,eu*re4 ,! elde/ h& says1   
,i'll vie ! ,ruff2 ! next1 ,i'll  see x2
 ! ?ird1 ,i'll see x & revie x1 or1     
,i'll n m$dle )  x1 :i* t]ms are closely
 copi$ 9 mod]n games4 ,! ,ruff is !     
highe/ flu%1 or else f\r ,aces4 ,! game 
( ,ruff seems to h succe$$  ,gleek1 & _m
 games h be5 evolv$ f x1 includ+        
,bridge1 ,pok]1  & ,eu*re1 ea* "o ( :i* 
has adopt$ c]ta9 rules to ! exclusion  (
 o!rs1 9 ?is way mak+ su* diff]5t games 
t few p c  trace !m to ! orig9als4 ,to  
ruff is a t]m /ill us$ by prov9cials1   

by :i* !y mean to revoke4    ,! /eps f  
,ruff to ,bridge are call$ by diff]5t   
names1 su* z ,trump  or ,triumpo by !   
,italians & ,spani>ds4 ,ruff & ,hon\rs1 
,alias ,slam1  0 once a fav\rite 9      
,engl&1 says ,cotton 9 #afhj4    ,9     
#agcg ,ri*>d ,seym\r publi%$ "s rules1 9
 :i* he says3 ,:i/1 or  ! sil5t game1   
vulg>ly call$ ,:isk1 is said to be v    
anci5t among  u1 & ! f\ndation ( all !  
,engli% games ^u ! c>ds4 ,dean  ,swift  
decl>es t 9 8 "t ,:isk 0 a fav\rite     
among ! cl]gy4    ,8 pride is 9 ,piquet1
 says ,"l ,godolph9 9 ,pope's ,moral    
,essays1  %[+ ! position t ?is game     
occupi$ 9 ,engl& 9 #agcc1 ab\t  ?ree    
hundr$ ye>s aft] its introduction to !  
,engli% c\rt4 ,x is  /ill play$ at !    
clubs to-day1 %[+ :at a /rong hold x has
 ^u  ! affections ( c>d play]s1 & its   
orig9al rules are h>dly alt]$1  :ile !  
c>ds rema9 practically ! same z :5      
inv5t$ by ,la ,hire1  ,eti5ne ,*evali]1 
& ,jacques ,coeur4    ,x is suppos$ t ! 
fir/ ref]5ce to ,piquet 9 pr9t is 9 !   

works  ( ,rabelais1 already quot$ f     
7#aecc74 ,probably ! e>lie/ book (      
rules is ! "o publi%$ at ,rome 9 #afdg1 
& translat$ into ,engli% 9  #afeb4 ,!   
rules 7 v mu* ! same z ^? laid d[n      
aft]w>ds by  ,cav5di% 9 #ahhb4 ,! po9t 0
 call$ ! ruffe1 or1 9 ,fr5*1  ,ronfl4   
,9 ,les ,fa*eux1 by ,molire 7#affa71 !re
 is an int]e/+ ,piquet h&  describ$ by  
,alcippe1 "o ( ! play]s4 ,9 #afdf a     
,ballet du ,jeu de  ,piquet 0 produc$1 9
 :i* ! danc]s 7 rang$ accord+ to _!     
col\rs1 ! blacks opposite to ! r$s & bo?
 sides head$ by !  c\rt c>ds4 ,?is      
ballet became a great fav\rite & 0 (t5  
produc$1  z x int]e/$ ! audi5ces1 :o    
appreciat$ ! v>i\s movem5ts (  ! dance t
 reproduc$ & correspond$ ) ! play ( !   
game4    ,engli% & ,fr5* plays frequ5tly
 ref] to ! c>d games ( _! day1  &       
,piquet is (t5 m5tion$4 ,9 ! ,epilogue  
to ,sir ,h>ry ,wildair  7#agja7 is !    
foll[+3      ,vat h y got ( gr& plasir 9
 dis t[n8    ',tis said ,vidont is come 
f ,france1 dat vil g d[n4    ,piquet1   

,basset1 y\r v91 y\r dress1 y\r dance1  
',tis all y see t\t a la mode de        
,france4    ,john ,hall 0 "o ( ! e>ly   
writ]s 9 ,engl& :o ref]r$ to  ,piquet1  
orig9ally call$ ,c5t 9 t c\ntry4 ,he    
says1 9 #afdf1 a man's  fancy 7or "*7   
w\ld be summ$ up at ,cribbage2 ,gleek   
requires a  vigilant memory1 ,mawe a    
pregnant agility1 ,picket a v>i\s       
inv5tion1  ,prim]o a dext]\s k9d (      
ra%ness4    ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly        
,,italian ,,t>ots    ,pip ,c>ds ( !     
,money ,suit        #fg ,ace ( ,money   
#fh ,deuce ( ,money        #fi ,trey (  
,money        #gj ,f\r ( ,money         
#ga ,five ( ,money        #gb ,six (    
,money    ,9 #afei a curi\s pamphlet 0  
publi%$ call$ ,%uffl+1 ,cutt+1 &  ,deal+
 9 a ,game at ,pickquet1 a political    
squib :i* us$ ! t]ms (  ! game to       
describe ! politicians4    ,hamlet says3
 ,h[ absolute ! ,knave is4 ,we mu/ speak
 by ! c>d or  equivocation w undo u4 ,by
 ! ,"l1 ,horatio1 ^! ?ree ye>s ,i h     
tak5 notice ( x1 ! age is gr[n s pick$  

7piqu$74    ,z ! ,fr5* c>ds1 ) ! game ( 
,piquet = :i* !y 7 inv5t$1  7 introduc$ 
into ,engl& 9 ! "t ( ,edw>d ,,iv1 x is  
possible t  ,hamlet us$ a famili> t]m :5
 he decl>$ ! age 0 pick$1 z ?is  is an  
expression frequ5tly us$ 9 ! game4    ,x
 is g5]ally suppos$ t ,eu*re is a v>iant
 ( ! ,fr5* game  ,ec>t1 ! "n ( :i* is   
tak5 f "o ( ! rules1 mean+ to put  away 
or disc>d4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,eu*re 0 
adopt$ ab\t #ahdj1  appe>+ fir/ 9 !     
,middle ,we/4 ,x 0 = ?is game t ! ,jok] 
0 re9/at$ 9 ! pack1 a c>d t at fir/ 0 a 
blank "o left  impr9t$1 b its adoption 0
 accompli%$ v sl[ly1 & x did n  *ange ! 
games or completely dom9ate ! packs     
until )9 ! la/  few ye>s4    ,o!rs      
assume t ! game _h a nautical d]ivation 
& 0 inv5t$ by  old salts1 z ! names giv5
 to ! comm&+ c>ds h ref]5ce to  ! =w>d  
an*ors ( a %ip4    ,9 ! ye> #ahgj ! fir/
 celebrat$ & au!ntic illu/rat$ hi/ory ( 
! game ( ,eu*re 0 publi%$ by ,bret      
,h>te3      ,:i* we _h a small game1    
,& ,ah ,s9 took a h&2    ,x 0 ,eu*re1 & 

! same      ,he did n und]/&2    ,b he  
smil$ z he sat by ! table      ,) a     
smile t 0 *ildlike & bl&4    ,! v]ses   
cont9ue describ+ ! game1 9 :i* all      
*eat$1 & its  disa/r\s t]m9ation1 ,:5 we
 w5t = t ,hea!n ,*9ee1 is too  well kn[n
 to require repetition4    ,9 e>ly      
editions ( ,! ,am]ican ,hoyle1 z ! book 
is call$ :i* is  ! ackn[l$g$ au?ority on
 c>d games 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! hi/ory (     
,eu*re is giv5 t5tatively1 b ! acc\nt is
 reject$ by lat]  editions1 or1 at lea/1
 n republi%$4 ,al?\gh ! compil]s ( ^!   
lat] editions evid5tly did n value1 or  
p]haps cr$it1 ! hi/ory  giv5 by _!      
pr$ecessors1 x may well be quot$1 s9ce  
no o!r has  be5 advanc$4 ,! edition (   
#ahfd says3    ,! orig9 ( ?is fasc9at+  
game is some:at unc]ta94 ,f ! fact  t ! 
^w ,bau] 7a peasant7 is pron\nc$        
simil>ly to ! names (  ! lead+ c>ds ( ! 
game1 "s h suppos$ x to be a ,g]man     
inv5tion1 yet ! game is unkn[n 9 ,g]many
 except 9 ^? p>ts :]e  x 0 introduc$ by 
w&]+ ,am]icans4 ,nor d ! ,g]man pips &  

c>ds l5d !mselves to ! *ief features ( !
 game1 p>ticul>ly  s9ce !y h no ,jok]1  
:i* is ! mo/ important c>d 9 ,eu*re4    
,9 speak+ ( ?is game1 ,hoyle writes z   
foll[s3 ,z x has be5 trac$  to ! c\nties
 ( ,bucks1 ,lanca/]1 & ,lehigh1 9 !     
,/ate (  ,p5nsylvania1 :]e x fir/ made  
its appe>ance ab\t =ty ye>s ago1  x is n
 difficult to conjecture h[ x arose4 ,"s
 ri* f>m]'s  daught] ( ^? ,am]ican      
,teutonic regions _h occasion to visit  
,philadelphia1 & c>ri$ back to h] home a
 confus$ memory ( ,ec>t4  ,f h] dim     
acc\nt "o ( h] +5i\s ru/ic beaux creat$ 
!  rudim5ts ( ! orig9al game ( ,eu*re1  
:i* x is claim$ is a  corruption (      
,ec>t1 :i* by alt]ations & additions    
grew to :at x  is4 ,conjectural z ?is   
is1 a numb] ( corroborative facts seem  
to  indicate t x is ! fact4    ,s f>    
accord+ to ,hoyle1 b any "o :o has /udi$
 games & _!  sequ5ces may also suppose t
 among ! desc5dants ( ! ,pr9ce (        
,hesse's soldi]s :o 7 left aft] ! w> )  
,engl& to sp5d !  rema9d] ( _! lives 9  

exile1 ! old games common 9 _! c\ntry  7
 rememb]$1 & a game 0 evolv$ t suit$ !  
c>ds ) !  ,fr5* pips1 :i* 7 ! only ones 
obta9able 9 ?is c\ntry1 ev5  al?\gh !y  
diff]$ f ^? ( ! ,fa!rl&4 ,eu*re         
resembles  ,gleek or ,glck1 a game well 
kn[n 9 ,g]many1 s ! tradition ( !       
f>m]'s daught]1 al?\gh +5i\s1 is        
probably )\t f\ndation4    ,_m ( ! t]ms 
us$ 9 ,eu*re & ,nonsu* ,eu*re are       
probably d]iv$  f ! dialect spok5 by    
,g]man immigrants & _! *ildr54 ,! "n    
,b[] is ! ,am]ican-,g]man ^w signify+   
y\ng/]1 :i* may well  describe ! ,knave 
*ild1 z x 0 at "o "t call$ 9 ,engl&4    
,?is  ^w 0 naturally be/[$ by           
,p5nsylvania ,g]mans on ! c>d1 = !y     
/ill speak a patois peculi>ly _! own &  
cle>ly d]iv$ f _!  ance/ors4 ,x 0       
probably !y :o gave ?is "n to ! ,knave1 
& x is  reta9$ = ! a=em5tion$ game1 :]e 
c]ta9 ,knaves h a  p>ticul> value4    ,!
 ^w ,eu*re seems likely to h be5 d]iv$ f
 ! %\t (  exultation usual :5 play+     
c]ta9 games ( c>ds 9 ,g]many1 al?\gh  ! 

evil t5d5cies ( ! imp :o presides ov] ! 
spell+ ( ,engli%  words has alt]$ !     
orig9al ^w ,ju* to ! peculi>ly unmean+  
"o  ( ,eu*re4    ,ju* pron\nc$ ,yu*1 is 
a cry ( exhultation4 ,!re is n only a   
v]b  to cry out1 ,ju*1 b a some:at      
unusually con/ruct$ n\n made f  t v]b1  
:i* is ,ju*ei]2 :]eas ,ju*] w\ld be !   
normally  con/ruct$ n\n made f t v]b4   
,!re=e1 x seems q natural to  assume t  
,ju*]1 describ+ a play] %\t+ )          
exultation :5  w9n+ a po9t1 mu/ h be5   
us$ unconsci\sly1 :e!r ?is ^w is  to be 
f\nd 9 ! diction>y or n1 = x is c]ta9ly 
?is exclamation  t is us$ z ! play] ?r[s
 d[n ! c>d w9n+ ! ?ird trick 9  ,eu*re  
:5 ! oppon5t has ord]$ or tak5 up !     
trump c>d or made  ! suit4 ,! words ,k5o
 or ,dom9o are commonly us$ to decl>e   
w9n+  "o ( ^? two games1 p>ticul>ly 9   
=eign c\ntries1 & s9ce  ,eu*re is       
evid5tly d]iv$ f ali5 games1 & 0        
introduc$ by  p]sons speak+ a patois (  
,engli% & ,g]man1 ! "n is probably  tak5
 f ! v]b m5tion$4 ,* is pron\nc$ 9      

,g]man l ,k1 s  ,ju*] has ! s\nd (      
,eu*re4 ,9 ,grimm's ,deuts*es ,wo]t]bu*1
 we  f9d ! foll[+ def9ition3            
,,ju* 7int]jection74--,a l\d bur/ ( joy4
 ,z example1 ,! good man      dream$ z  
if he 7 /ill at ! c>d club1 %\t+1 ',ju*1
 ,ju*1      ,grun 7! leaf suit 9 !      
,g]man c>ds7 is *os54'        ,,ju*5    
7v]b74--,to %\t ,ju*4    ,9 ! ,new      
,engli% ,diction>y1 commonly call$ !    
,ox=d ,diction>y  7#aije71 we f9d !     
foll[+3        ,,eu*re or ,,uk] or      
,,yuk]4--,( unc]ta9 orig91 suppos$ to be
 ,g]man4      ,z ,b[]1 "o ( ! t]ms us$ 9
 ?is game1 is ( ,g]man orig91 x      has
 (t5 be5 suppos$ t ! ^w ,eu*re is also f
 ! ,g]man1      b no probable s\rce has 
be5 f\nd 9 t language4 ,c x be t      x 
is ! ,spani% ,yuca1 9 ! s5t5ce ,s] yuca1
 giv5 by ,cabill]o      z an ,am]ican   
expression = cock ( ! walk1 mean+ to get
 !      be/ ( any?+8 ,9 #ahdg ,eu*re 0  
common 9 ,mississippi1 & is      allud$ 
to 9 v>i\s celebrat$ lawsuits gr[+ out (
 disputes ov]      ! game4    ,x w\ld   

seem t ! compil]s ( ! ,engli% diction>y 
_h n giv5  en\gh weight to ! localisms (
 ,p5nsylvania :5 !y c\ld discov]  only a
 ,spani% d]ivation = ! t]ms us$ 9       
,eu*re1 a game unkn[n 9  ,spa94 ,! game 
t app>5tly />t$ 9 ! we/]n "p ( t ,/ate  
seems to h travell$ d[n ! ,ohio & !     
,mississippi riv]s1 = !  e>lie/ m5tion (
 x comes ?r\gh ! boatm5 on ^? great     
/reams4    ,pok] seems also to be a game
 evolv$ by game/]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  f 
! old ,prim]o1 ) its anci5t d]ivations1 
= s _m ( !  rules & expressions common 9
 ! mod]n game may be trac$ to !  f\rte5?
 c5tury4 ,x is play$ by f\r or m p]sons1
 :o bet on !  value ( _! h&s1 a pair be+
 ! l[e/ & a /raight flu% be+  ! highe/  
h&1 ! names ( :i* 7 inh]it$ & expla9    
!mselves4 ,jack ,pot1 ,wid[1 & ,kitty   
are "s ( ! cant words us$ 9  ! game1 !  
d]ivations ( :i* are evid5tly f ,prim]o4
 ,! fir/  signifies ! ,pool "u c]ta9    
circum/ances4 ,! ,wid[ 7or !  =sak51 !  
disc>d$ "o7 0 orig9ally call$ ! ,/ock1  
or ! c>ds  unus$ aft] deal+4 ,! ,kitty  

is ! "n = ! =feit paid at !  end ( ea*  
game by its w9n] to ! gambl+ h\se1 t    
frequ5tly  am\nt$ to a consid]able sum (
 money4    ,9 #aijh1 a v>iation ( ,pok] 
0 arrang$ 9 ,engl&1 al?\gh "o writ]     
?9ks t x orig9at$ 9 ,*9a1 b )\t giv+ any
 au?ority =  ! /atem5t4 ,! game is call$
 ,pok] ,pati5ce4 ,x c be play$ by "o  or
 m p]sons1 :o are suppli$ ) a bo>d on   
:i* are tw5ty-five  squ>es t1 :5 cov]$ )
 ! c>ds1 accord+ to ! rules1 w  c\nt t5 
pok] h&s1 five horizontally & ! o!r five
 v]tically4    ,! fir/ c>d is plac$ on  
squ>e ,no4 #ac1 directly 9 ! middle ( ! 
bo>d1 & ! next c>d play$ mu/ t\* ! fir/ 
"o on "o ( its  eight adjo9+ squ>es4 ,! 
?ird c>d %\ld t\* ei!r ! fir/ "o  or !  
second1 & s on until ! tw5ty-five squ>es
 are cov]$4 ,!  h&s are c\nt$ exactly z 
9 ,pok]1 a /raight flu% be+ ! highe/1  &
 c\nt+ ?irty po9ts1 :ile a pair is      
rew>d$ ) only "o po9t4  ,! flu%es are n 
( mu* scor+ value1 be+ only five po9ts1 
b  !y are n difficult to make4 ,?is game
 is easy & int]e/+ :5  us$ z a          

solitaire1 b :5 two or m play]s are     
pitt$ aga9/ ea*  o!r & b5t on prev5t+ ! 
score ( ! oppon5t1 x w be se5  t !re is 
a great deal ( play1 = !re are s _m c>ds
 left 9  ! ,wid[ t ! game is unc]ta9    
until its f9i%1 z a c>d t is  mo/       
desirable may nev] turn up1 &1 !re=e1   
!re is mu* *ance z  well z skill 9 !    
baby prodigy4    ,accord+ to ,hoyle has 
become a prov]b among c>d play]s1 mo/ ( 
:om  c\ld give no m explanation = ! t]m 
?an !y c\ld = ! orig9  ( ,play+ ,c>ds1  
al?\gh x trips s readily f ! tips ( _!  
tongues4 ,b :5ev] a play at c>ds is     
disput$1 ! ju/ification is  t x is      
,accord+ to ,hoyle1 :i* leads to ! qu]y 
( h[ & :]e  ! s5t5ce orig9at$ t is      
freight$ ) s mu* weight &  expression4  
,) ?is cant phrase goes ano!r1 t 0 once 
frequ5tly  on ! lips ( c>d play]s1 :i*  
condemn$ an unlucky play] or a  c>eless 
p>tn] to g to ,halifax4    ,^! prov]bs w
 be expla9$ by a cursory glance backw>ds
 ov] !  life /ory ( ,edw>d ,hoyle1 born 
9 ,engl&1 9 #afgb1 ne> ! little t[n  (  

,halifax1 9 ,york%ire4 ,he 0 ( a good   
family & 0 educat$ = !  law1 = :i* 8    
cle>1 analytical1 & logical m9d seem$ to
 be  p>ticul>ly adapt$4 ,liv+ 9 ,london1
 he amus$ himself 9 ! ev5+s  by meet+ "s
 fri5ds at :at 0 ! precursor ( m5's     
clubs1 !  ,cr[n ,c(fee ,h\se1 9 ,b$=d   
,r[1 to play ,:i/ or ,triumph1 a title t
  0 ab\t t "t %ort5$ to ,trump1 a "n t  
is reta9$ to  designate ! highe/ suit   
elect$ by ! play]s at ! beg9n+ ( ea*    
h&1 ei!r by turn+ up ! la/ c>d ( ! deal 
or by elect+ a suit  accord+ to !       
pref]5ce ( ! play]s4 ,! ,fr5* reta9 !   
old "n  ( ,at\t = t purpose1 al?\gh ^?  
picture c>ds h n be5 us$  9 t c\ntry =  
c5turies4    ,! fir/ m5tion ( ,:i/ "u ! 
revis$ "n is 9 ,! ,compleate  ,game/]1  
:i* 0 publi%$ 9 #afgd1 & 0 int5d$ to    
supply  /&>d rules = ! fa%ionable games 
( ! "t4 ,b ,cotton's laws  7 confus+1 & 
! game 0 play$ 9 v>i\s ways 9 diff]5t   
p>ts  ( ,engl&1 s9ce ?is /&>d 0 n       
univ]sally accept$1 & x is  said t ,:i/ 
0 a fav\rite only 9 ! s]vants' hall1 s t

 ^!  un>bitr>y rules l$ to qu>rels &    
sometimes ev5 to blood%$4    ,b :5      
,edw>d ,hoyle became int]e/$ 9 ! game ( 
,:i/1 he _h =  p>tn]s or oppon5ts "s ( !
 deepe/ play]s & mo/ di/+ui%$  m5 ab\t  
t[n1 & ! game/]s gradually adopt$ regul>
 rules =  _! own guidance1 :i* usually  
orig9at$ ) ,hoyle1 s ! fame (  8        
decisions ab\t disput$ po9ts 0 nois$    
abroad ?r\gh\t ,london4  ,?is l$ to 8   
tak+ pupils at a gu9ea a lesson1 &      
f9ally ,hoyle  wrote out 8 rules = _!   
b5efit1 di/ribut+ !m fir/ 9  manuscript1
 b f9ally publi%+ !m 9 ,a ,%ort         
,treatise on ,:i/1  = :i* he receiv$ "o 
?\s& gu9eas4 ,hoyle's rules 7 adopt$ by 
! clubs & play]s ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 s1 :5  
any dispute arose1 8  book 0 consult$1  
&1 in/ead ( ! play]s say+1 ,x is ! wi%  
7or ! voice7 ( ! gods1 z _h be5 !       
orig9al cu/om :5  consult+ ! oracles (  
,m]cury1 & cont9u$ by c>d vot>ies1 x    
became cu/om>y to say1 ,x is accord+ to 
,hoyle4    ,t g5tleman liv$ until #agfi1
 & 8 rules rema9$ unalt]$ = ov]  "o     

hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 #ahfd1 h[ev]1 ! ,arl+ton
 & ,portl& ,clubs1  f9d+ t modifications
 7 ne$$1 revis$ ! rules1 aft] :i* !     
,cav5di% rules became ! mode1 b books on
 c>d rules are /ill  issu$ "u ! "n (    
,hoyle's ,games ( ,c>ds1 s ,accord+ to  
,hoyle  is /ill a fa%ionable say+ among 
! vot>ies ( ! c>d table4                
,,*apt] ,,xiii    ,,engrav$ ,,c>ds      
,?anks to ! lov]s ( woodcuts1 pr9ts1 &  
engrav+s1 ! hi/ory (  ,european ,play+  
,c>ds has be5 pres]v$4 ,?r\gh ^! x has  
be5  inve/igat$1 z x w\ld h be5         
impossible 9 any o!r way1 s9ce !  m5 :o 
are devot$ to ! c>d table are n usually 
( an inve/igat+  turn ( m9d1 :ile ^? :o 
prophesy ) c>ds pref] ! occult &        
my/]i\s to ! sci5tific4    ,x 0 f>      
o!rwise ) ! dilettanti1 :o recognis$ !  
ma/] h&  t _h produc$ beautiful         
pictures1 intr9sically valuable1 al?\gh 
put  to :at1 9 ! op9ion ( connoisseurs1 
0 a debas$ use4 ,s9ce !  c>ds1 z        
gambl]s' tools1 or ! in/rum5ts ( div9]s1
 _h little  attraction = pr9t lov]s1 !  

latt] trac$ ! orig9 ( ! c>ds  f an      
int]e/ 9 ! me?od ( _! production4 ,b !  
hi/ory (  ^! in/rum5ts foll[$1 s9ce x 0 
an integral "p ( ! /ory (  ! pictures t 
_h at fir/ be5 produc$ by h&1 & !n by   
me*anical arts4 ,?is l$ to an awak5$    
desire to und]/& !  connection ( !      
gambl+ toys ) ! p]iod :5 pr9ts 7 fir/   
issu$4 ,b :5 ^! le>n$ m5 /udi$ !        
hi/ories ( ! ,european  c\ntries = !    
fir/ pr9t$ or legal record ( ,play+     
,c>ds1 &  decid$ on ! f\rte5? c5tury z !
 date ( _! bir?1 !y nev]  look$ into !  
haze ( ! pa/ to ! p]iod :5 c>ds 7 n bits
 (  pa/ebo>d1 b ( v diff]5t "*4 ,s !    
my/]y ( _!  orig9 0 n unfold$1 al?\gh   
all ( ! writt5 records m5tion$  t c>ds 7
 call$ ! ,book ( ,?o? ,h]mes            
,trismegi/us1 :o 0  evid5tly an unkn[n  
p]son4    ,x 0 ow+ to ! necessity (     
produc+ c>ds *eaply1 on acc\nt (  _!    
widespread use1 t xylographic arts 7    
inv5t$ & p]fect$1  ?us lead+ ! way to   
pr9t+1 t art :i* has enlight5$ mank9d  z
 no?+ _h done be=e 9 ! same space ( "t4 

,mr4 ,s+] /ates t ! e>lie/ examples (   
woodcuts 7 int5d$  = ,play+ ,c>ds1      
al?\gh x is g5]ally believ$ t ! e>lie/  
example ( a woodcut t survives is !     
picture ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1  :i* 0 discov]$
 pa/$ inside ( ! cov] ( an old book4 ,_m
  ,play+ ,c>ds h be5 pres]v$ 9 ! same   
way1 s9ce frugal p]sons  utiliz$ !      
preci\s pap] on :i* ! c>ds 7 pr9t$1 &   
did n  wa/e x1 z is done 9 ?is          
extravagant age4    ,t ! olde/ kn[n pr9t
 is t ( a sa9t does n disprove ,mr4     
,s+]'s /atem5t1 = _m ( ! rude figures   
produc$ by ! fir/  engrav]s s]v$ a d\ble
 purpose1 be+ equally well adapt$ = c\rt
  c>ds or z repres5tations ( hi/orical  
or sa9tlike *>act]s1 !y  7 (t5 adopt$   
fir/ = ! games1 & !n transf]r$ to !     
homes  ( peasants1 :]e ! pictures 7     
accord$ ! "n ( a patron sa9t  & rev]$   
accord+ly1 s 9 _m su* places priceless  
cuts &  engrav+s h be5 f\nd1 & f !re h  
be5 transf]r$ to  museums or to private 
pr9t collections1 :]e !y are recognis$ z
 r>e  & valuable specim5s ( ! art ( !   

grav]'s tool4    ,^! old figures & !    
c>ds t foll[$ !m are n class$ "u  ! head
 ( games or ,play+ ,c>ds1 s /ud5ts wi%+ 
to exam9e  examples ( e>ly ,european    
,play+ ,c>ds mu/ seek ! pr9t rooms ( !  
,briti% ,museum1 or ! ,nuremburg        
,museum1 & ! national libr>ies (        
,vi5na1 ,bologna1 & ,p>is4    ,s9ce     
among ! fir/ productions ( ! grav]'s    
tools 7 gambl+  c>ds1 ,mr4 ,s+] & o!rs h
 /udi$ ! games = :i* s mu* "t  & lab\r 7
 devot$4 ,x is evid5t1 he says1 t s9ce !
  e>lie/ specim5s ( engrav+ on /eel & on
 copp] bo? 9 ,italy &  ,g]many are c>ds1
 !re mu/ h be5 a great dem& = !m1 & t   
_! *eap production 0 eag]ly seiz$ ^u by 
! c>d mak]s1 :o  ?r\gh x consid]ably    
%ort5$ _! lab\rs & increas$ _!  output1 
s f ?is mom5t games ) c>ds rapidly      
spread ov] ,europe1  :ile ! ,book ( ,?o?
 0 ab&on$ to gypsies & =tune-tell]s4    
,! c>ds pa9t$ "u ,grigoneur = ! ,fr5*   
k+1 & n[ 9 ,les  ,cab9et des ,e/ampes1  
,p>is1 are probably ! olde/ extant1 &   
are ab\t  contempor>y ) ! ,italian packs

 9 ,bologna & ^? 9 ,mr4 ,morgan's       
collection1 t are pa9t$1 b n engrav$4   
,a pack 9 ! ,briti% ,museum goes by ! "n
 ( ,doctor ,/ukley's c>ds1  = he 0 !    
fir/ to exhibit !m4 ,!y are /5cill$ & h 
,g]man  pips4 ,!re is no ,que5 among !  
c\rt c>ds1 b h] place is tak5 by a  male
 figure call$ ,ob]1 accompani$ by a ,k+ 
& ,unt]4 ,!re are no  ,aces1 s ! c>ds 7 
probably int5d$ = ! popul> game (       
,sixty-six4 ,^! c>ds 7 rudely pr9t$ &   
col\r$ ) /5cils4  ,!y 7 fir/ %[n to !   
society ( ,antiqu>ians1 ,london1        
,novemb] #i1  #agfc1 & h be5 frequ5tly  
exhibit$ & discuss$4 ,!y 7 f\nd 9  !    
b9d+ ( an old book1 suppos$ to be       
,claudian1 pr9t$ be=e #aejj1  & to ^! we
 owe a debt ( gratitude = excit+ an     
int]e/ 9  ,play+ ,c>ds1 to :i* mu* ( _! 
hi/ory is due4 ,! supposition t  !      
,g]man pips 7 us$ 9 ,engl& be=e ! ,fr5* 
c>ds 7  introduc$ is su/a9$ only by f9d+
 ?is solit>y pack4 ,! book  itself 0 n  
pr9t$ 9 ,engl&1 :ile ! "n assign$ to !  
suit (  ,spades is cle>ly d]iv$ f !     

,spani% ,espadas1 :i* po9ts to !        
probability ( ! ,swords1 ,rods1 ,cups1 &
 ,money pips hav+ be5 kn[n 9  ,engl&4 ,!
 ,trfle ( ,france 0 call$ a ,club1 z _h 
probably be5  done ) ! ,rod suit ( ! old
 c>ds4    ,a ne>ly complete pack be>+ ^!
 designs & almo/ facsimiles ( !  ,/ukley
 pack is 9 ! ,hi/orical ,society ( ,new 
,york4    ,among ! e>lie/ specim5s (    
ornam5tal engrav$ c>ds are "s t  7      
execut$ at ,cologne1 ! diff]5t c>ds (   
:i* are s widely  sep>at$ t ! complete  
pack c n[h]e be f\nd4 ,solit>y examples 
are scatt]$ 9 diff]5t museums1 :]e !y   
are treasur$ z beautiful  repres5tations
 ( ! ma/]'s art1 al?\gh no p]son kn[s 8 
"n4  ,! wrapp] ( ^! c>ds has be5 f\nd1 &
 on x is a well-execut$  design ( ?ree  
ornam5tal cr[ns1 plac$ inside ( ,go?ic  
ar*es1 t  are connect$ by a gracefully  
twi/$ ribbon on :i* is ! inscription    
,salve ,felix ,colonia :i* is ! only    
rema9+ clue to ! engrav]1  ! date (     
execution1 & ! bir?place ( ! pack4    ,9
 x are five suits in/ead ( f\r1 & ^! h  

orig9al emblems  t1 h[ev]1 nev] seem to 
h be5 popul> or int5d$ = gambl+1  or ev5
 = div9ation1 b !y 7 probably ! inv5tion
 ( !  arti/1 :o _h little idea ( !      
significance ( ! orig9al emblems  (     
,cups1 ,swords1 ,/aves1 & ,money1 = n   
only 0 a fif? &  unpr(itable suit add$  
to ! pack1 b ! pips 7 *ang$ to arti/ic  
designs t may delight ! s5ses ( !       
connoisseurs1 b fail to  appeal to a c>d
 play]1 s9ce ! design] 0 evid5tly n z   
clev] z  ! ,fr5*m51 :o inv5t$ a new set 
( emblems = _! royal ma/]1  & ?r\gh     
con/ruct+ ! game ,piquet1 t c\ld only be
 play$ )  ^! c>ds1 cl9*$ _! adoption by 
play]s4 ,! five suits ( ^!  ,g]man c>ds 
7 ,h>es1 ,p>rots1 ,p9ks1 ,roses1 &      
,columb9es1 ) f\r  c\rt c>ds to ea*     
suit1 & !y are illu/rat$ 9 ,play+ ,c>ds1
 by  ,mr4 ,s+] 7page #dg71 & are        
attribut$ by him to ,m>t9 ,s*o51 or     
,s*ongaur4 ,! co/ume ( ! figures1 he    
says1 belongs to !  fifte5? c5tury1 &   
seems conclusively to e/abli% ! fact4   
,to ?is  /atem5t o!r au?orities d n     

agree4    ,"o ( ! e>lie/ examples (     
,play+ ,c>ds execut$ on copp] 0  produc$
 9 ,g]many be=e #addf4 ,! arti/ is kn[n 
only by 8 initials1  & is call$ ,! ,ma/]
 ,e4 ,s4 ,8 c>ds are orig9al & f9ely    
execut$1 al?\gh 8 emblems /ray z f> f ! 
anci5t ones  peculi> to ,m]cury z !     
games to be play$ ) !m diff] f          
div9ation4 ,! devices are ,roses1       
,cyclam51 ,savages1 ,birds1 ,/ags1 &    
,lions4 ,?is ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 seems to h   
copi$ mo/ ( 8 designs = a  small] set ( 
c>ds1 & he also execut$ a pack t _h     
,%ields1  ,fl[]s1 ,animals1 & ,helmets =
 pips4 ,^! are arti/ically gr\p$1  & !  
escut*eons display coats-(-arms ( !     
nobility t g f> to  e/abli% ! date ( ^? 
t are n m>k$4 ,b ! pips1 al?\gh  !y 7   
gracefully m>%al$1 7 tr\blesome &       
confus+ to !  play]s1 :i* has caus$ ^!  
c>ds to be *iefly valu$ z examples (  ! 
grav]'s art1 lack+ ! simplicity ( !     
,fr5* pips1 ) _!  h>moni\s r$ & black   
col\rs1 ^! peculi> designs fail$ to     
revolutionise ! ,play+ ,c>ds 9 common   

use1 z _h evid5tly be5 !  int5tion ( ,! 
,ma/]4    ,! little t is kn[n ( ,e4 ,s4 
po9ts to 8 hav+ be5 !  imm$iate         
pr$ecessor ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongaur1 ( ,colm>1 
:o 0 !  unrivall$ engrav] ( 8 "t1 & has 
be5 describ$ z ! ,van ,eyck (  engrav+4 
,he 0 ! actual creator ( ! art z        
practic$ 9 mod]n  times1 says ,max      
,lehrs 9 8 essay on ! ,play+ ,c>ds      
engrav$ by ?is  ma/]4 ,to him we owe !  
te*nical me?od ( produc+ ! appe>ance (  
relief & solidity on a flat surface by !
 comb9ation ( a numb] (  p>allel l9es on
 transv]se l9es1 :i* effect _h only be5 
obta9able  be=e 8 inv5tion by ! addition
 ( col\r to ! f9i%$ pr9ts4  ,8 home 0   
probably 9 ! vic9ity ( ,freiburg1 or    
,breisa*1 & x is  suppos$ t he di$ 9    
#adfg4    ,! c>ds attribut$ to ,e4 ,s4  
are scatt]$ ov] ,europe1 b !y seem  to  
be univ]sally ackn[l$g$ z ! fir/        
specim5s ( engrav$  ,play+ ,c>ds4 ,!    
da9ty pictures s]v$ z models to ! /ud5ts
 ( !  ,ma/]1 & h (t5 be5 copi$ or adopt$
 z accessories to o!r  pictures4 ,! ,f\r

 ( ,m5 & ! ,ob] ,knave ( ! same suit1 ! 
,f\r (  ,dogs1 & ! ,?ree ( ,birds 7 us$ 
to adorn ! cov] ( a ,bible t  is n[ 9 ! 
,univ]sity ,libr>y ( ,erlang54 ,^!      
designs 7 also us$  9 ! tool+ ( o!r     
books4    ,augsburg may lay /rong claim 
to be consid]$ ! fir/ seat ( ! art  (   
engrav+ on wood1 z a ,guild ( ,c>d      
,mak]s is m5tion$ 9 ! ,t[n  ,roll (     
#adah4 ,%eets ( c>dbo>d on :i* ! pack 0 
pr9t$ f !  block1 b n yet col\r$ by h&1 
are to be f\nd 9 museums1 & x is        
suppos$ t ! celebrat$ woodcut ( ,/4     
,*ri/oph]1 dat$ #adbc1 0  produc$ 9     
,augsburg1 :i* ab\t t "t became ! great 
export+  c5tre ( c>d mak]s1 aga9/ :om ! 
manufactur]s ( ,vi5na1 ,v5ice1  &       
,vit]bo caus$ ord9ances to be pass$ 9 _!
 respective cities1  =bidd+ ! ,augsburg 
& ,nuremburg c>ds to be sold )9 _!      
b\nd>ies4 ,?is law is en=c$ to-day1 :i* 
has prev5t$ !  introduction ( =eign or  
,fr5* pips into ,au/ria & ,italy4    ,an
 int]e/+ %eet ( c>ds produc$ by ! tool 0
 acquir$ by !  writ] 9 ,nuremburg 9     

#aiaj4 ,x is ab\t t5 by twelve in*es 9  
size1 &  is made ( sev]al %eets ( pap]  
pa/$ toge!r4 ,! rev]se side %[s  a      
loz5ge patt]n1 & ea* "o ( ! spaces      
conta9s a fleur de lis1  emphasis$ at ! 
corn] by a squ>e4 ,! %eet has n be5 cut 
ap>t1  & !re are eighte5 c>ds pr9t$ on  
x1 compris+ all ^? belong+  to ! c\rt1 &
 six pip c>ds be>+ ! usual ,g]man       
devices4 ,!  figures d n include a      
,que51 b h ! ,k+1 ! ,ob]1 & !  ,unt]4 ,!
 ,k+ ( ,ei*eln 7or ,acorns7 is seat$1   
we>s a cr[n on top (  a turban1 & holds 
a sceptre4 ,8 ,ob] & ,unt] bo? c>ry two 
swords4  ,_! dresses are ri*ly trimm$ & 
!y we> lace at ! neck &  wri/s4    ,!   
,k+ ( ,grn5 7or ,leaves7 also we>s a    
cr[n on top ( a turban1 b  holds 8 sword
 9 8 "r h& in/ead ( 8 left1 z is ! case 
)  8 bro!r ( ,acorns4 ,8 *air is m      
ornate ?an t ( any ( !  o!r k+s4 ,he    
we>s at 8 neck two musl9 lapels1 su* z 7
 once  worn ) black silk g[ns by m9i/]s 
:5 prea*+4 ,"o ( 8 ,knaves  plays a     
flute1 ! o!r beats a drum4 ,! ,k+ (     

,bells we>s a  five-po9t$ coronet & has 
a book on 8 knees4 ,8 ,ob] has a wig & a
  ri*ly embroid]$ coat1 b is b>ehead$1 z
 is 8 ,unt]1 :o is a  ludicr\sly /\t    
figure1 p>ry+ a ?ru/ ) 8 sword f an     
unse5  w>rior4 ,! ,k+ ( ,he>ts has a    
cr[n ) fleurs de lis1 & on !  side ( 8  
*air is an an*or ) ! initials ,m4 ,s41  
lead+ to !  supposition t ^! c>ds 7     
engrav$ by ,m>t9 ,s*ongaur1 !  successor
 to ! ,ma/] ,e4 ,s4 ,! execution1 h[ev]1
 is f> inf]ior to  8 usual delicate "w4 
,! ,ob] ( ,he>ts is arm$ ) a pike & 8   
hair is ti$ ) ribbons1 ! two ends ( :i* 
float c>elessly d[n 8  back4 ,he & !    
,unt] ( 8 suit c ruffle ) ! be/ ( !m1 = 
bo? h side arms z well z long pikes1 &  
_! coats are h&somely  embroid]$1 :ile  
!y we> lace at ! ?roat & wri/s4    ,!   
f\r ,deuces are on ?is %eet4 ,t ( ,he>ts
 has an escut*eon on  :i* is a lion     
rampant4 ,! ,two ( ,leaves %[s a de] & a
 unicorn  rampant reg>dant4 ,! ,two (   
,acorns has a ,bac*us a/ride ( a be]    
b>rel1 hold+ up ! ,cup ( ,h]mes1 & !    

,two ( ,grn5 has ! s[  sacr$ to         
,prosp]9e & ,m]cury1 t 0 always         
sacrific$ to !m at  ! fea/ ( ,h]mes1 on 
! ?irte5? ( ,may1 :5 ,spr+ comm5c$1 &   
,m]cury l$ ,prosp]9e f ,pluto back to   
e>? & to h] ,"m1 ,c]es4  ,! pig 0 also  
sacr$ to ,nebo1 s its position on ! c>ds
 is fraught  ) mean+4 ,! ,t5 ( ,leaves &
 ! ,sev5 ( ,he>ts complete ?is  valuable
 %eet t %[s an e>ly process ( c>d       
production4    ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly     
,,italian ,,t>ots    ,pip & ,c\rt ,c>ds 
( ! ,money ,suit        #gc ,sev5 (     
,money        #gd ,eight ( ,money       
#ge ,n9e ( ,money        #gf ,t5 (      
,money        #gg ,knave ( ,money       
#gh ,cavali] ( ,money    ,a beautiful   
pack ( c>ds 0 engrav$ by ,jo/ ,ammon1 :o
 0 born 9  ,zuri* 9 #aeci4 ,8 wood      
engrav+s are v num]\s4 ,he di$ 9        
,nuremburg 9 #aeia4 ,! int]e/+ c>ds     
attribut$ to him 7 publi%$1  x 0 said1  
to inculcate ,indu/ry & ,le>n+ r ?an    
,idl5ess  & ,debau*]y1 s may be plac$ "u
 ! head ( ,educational ,c>ds4  ,ea* "o  

%[s a pip1 "u :i* is a clev] sket* t is 
fully  describ$ by "s appropriate ,lat9 
v]ses4 ,! pips are ,books1 ,w9epots1    
,cups1 & ,pr9t]'s ,balls4 ,"o ( ! c>ds  
repres5ts a wood c>v] at  "w1 suppos$ to
 be a lik5ess ( ! arti/4 ,ano!r %[s a   
pr9t]4 ,a  ?ird has on x a bibliomaniac 
surr\nd$ by flies t he is /rik+ at  ) a 
flapp]1 & ! accompany+ v]ses are =cible1
 if inelegant4 ,on  ! ,?ree ( ,pr9t]'s  
,balls are a lady & g5tleman play+ c>ds4
 ,!  ,six ( ,w9epots %[s two m5 at a    
game ( ,draughts4 ,"s ( ! c>ds  h       
pictures ( m5 & wom5 play+ musical      
in/rum5ts1 :ile o!rs  depict v>i\s      
homely occupations4    ,^! symbols did n
 take ! place ( ^? simple devices t     
convey  at a glance to a play] ! suit or
 numb] ( a c>d1 s necess>y f a  gambl]'s
 po9t ( view4 ,_! au?or%ip has be5      
disput$1 b ! c>ds  rema9 z int]e/+      
specim5s ( wood engrav+4    ,! great] "p
 ( ! e>ly ,italian c>ds are pr9t$ ) a   
pale ink (  a grayi% t9t4 ,! e>lie/     
specim5s are a set ( ,t>ots t are mu*   

l>g] ?an ! /&>d size ( ,play+ ,c>ds1 be+
 ab\t f\r by six  & a half in*es4 ,^!   
c>ds are f9ely execut$1 & are "o ( !    
fir/ ( ! educational packs1 s9ce !      
emblematic figures ( ! ,at\ts  are      
,rhetoric1 ,ari?metic1 etc4    ,!       
specim5s ( engrav$ c>ds ( ! ,ne!rl&s are
 ( a lat] date1  be+ ab\t ! middle ( !  
eighte5? c5tury4 ,!y are c>efully done1 
& ! two r$ suits are di/+ui%$ by be+    
pr9t$ ) a pale r$  ink1 :ile ! ,spades &
 ,clubs are pr9t$ 9 black4 ,^! c>ds are 
pretty m9iature pictures1 ) local       
figures & l&scapes1 :ile !  pips are    
,fr5* & are plac$ 9 ! upp] left-h&      
corn]4    ,! ,dut* h also sev]al        
educational packs ( c>ds4 ,"s are       
hi/orical1 ) ,k+s1 ,que5s1 & ,knaves    
repres5t+ _! royalties4  ,!re is also "o
 %[+ ! *ief products ( _! k+dom & its   
dep5d5cies4 ,a ?ird pack illu/rates !   
co/umes ( ! diff]5t  prov9ces4          
,g]mans1 ,fr5* & ,engli% 7 v fond (     
tea*+ *ildr5 ?r\gh  educational games ( 
c>ds1 & a great collection ( ^! may be  

f\nd  9 ! pr9t room ( ! ,briti% ,museum 
"u ! head ( ,lady ,*>lotte  ,s*rieb]'s  
,collection1 b x is c>elessly kept 9    
draw]s1 ! packs  ti$ ) bits ( /r+ or    
wor/$1 & x is difficult to /udy on ?is  
acc\nt4          ,,*apt] ,,xiv          
,,play+ ,,c>ds ,,= ,,educational ,,&    
,,o!r ,,purposes      ,x 0 b natural t1 
f ! v date ( ! readju/m5t ( !  ,book (  
,?o?1 :5 x 0 depos$ f its high position 
( be+ !  voice ( ! gods to become ! tool
 ( gypsies or ! toy ( gambl]s1  t       
invectives %\ld be hurl$ at x f !       
pulpit1 f :5ce !  e>ly w> is cont9u$1 z 
well z f ! gov]nm5t1 = :5 pleasure      
becomes a vice x behooves ^? 9 au?ority 
to repress x1 s z to  protect ! unw>y or
 ! ignorant f traps laid = ga9 aga9/ !m4
    ,c>d9al ,john ,capi/ran1 :o visit$  
,nuremburg 9 #adeb1 f\nd !  inhabitants 
devot$ to all games ( *ance1 & s addict$
 to gambl+  t ! prosp]ity ( ! t[n 0     
?reat5$4    ,! good ,c>d9al prea*$ aga9/
 ! vice ( gambl+ ) su* f]vor  & eloqu5ce
 t ! ca!dral c\ld n conta9 ! cr[ds :o   

w5t to  li/5 to him1 s a pulpit 0 erect$
 be=e ! *ur*1 9 ! great  squ>e or ,m>ket
 ,place1 "u ! clock1 :]e a procession ( 
wise m5  b[+ be=e ! ,k+ /ill takes place
 daily at noon1 & f ?is  ro/rum !       
,c>d9al ord]$ t all c>ds1 dice1 *essm51 
draughts  7*eck]s71 etc41 %\ld be br\ght
 be=e him & publicly burn$2 an  ord] t 0
 implicitly obey$4    ,h[ well ! good   
man succe$$ 9 oblit]at+ games ( *ance or
 haz>d  may be que/ion$1 s9ce ,nuremburg
 is /ill "o ( ! *ief c5tres (  c>d mak+1
 ! desc5dants ( ! orig9al mak]s be+ 9   
active  bus9ess to-day1 :o sell %eets ( 
c>dbo>d t 7 conceal$ = _m  ye>s1 on :i* 
! c>ds are pr9t$1 b n cut ap>t1 =       
probably !  manufacture 0 *eck$ at ! "t1
 b nev] entirely suppress$4 ,!          
celebrat$ museum ( ! t[n has "o ( ! be/ 
collections ( native  ,play+ ,c>ds to be
 f\nd1 :ile ! dramatic holocau/ is      
recall$ )  pride by ! inhabitants1 :o   
value ! woodcut t is commemorative (  ! 
ev5t4    ,engli% prea*]s d5\nc$ c>d     
play+1 & ! ,scot* dubb$ ! packs  ,!     

,devil's ,picture ,books4 ,rob]t ,burns 
says3      ,! ,ladies1 arm 9 arm1 9     
clu/]s1    ,z great & graci\s a' z      
si/]s1        99       99       99      
99       99      ,on lee-lang nights1   
wi' crabbit leuks4    ,pore owre !      
devil's pictur$ beuks4    ,! ,sunday    
be=e ,*ri/mas1 #aebi1 ,bi%op ,latim]    
prea*$ a s]mon  aga9/ gambl+ at ,/4     
,edw>d's ,*ur*1 9 ,cambridge1 tak+ = 8  
text  ,:o art ?\8 & fill+ 8 s]mon )     
phrases t 7 cull$ f  ,prim]o1 :i* 0 !   
fav\rite game ( 8 day4 ,?is k %[$  su*  
an intimate acqua9tance ) ! game t 8    
(f5d$ he>]s us$  x ) great effect aga9/ 
him4 ,! s]mon is n[ rememb]$ only       
because ( ^! phrases & expressions t    
give /ud5ts a clue to !  rules & play ( 
! old game4    ,"o +5i\s prea*] took = 8
 text3 ,z ,god has dealt to e man       
7,romans xii3#c71 imply+ t ! ,almighty  
_h sort$ & di/ribut$ !  c>ds ( life4    
,?is practical allusion to gambl+ s     
horrifi$ 8  congregation t !y ne>ly     
pull$ ! m9i/] f ! pulpit4 ,yet  ,/4     

,paul evid5tly ref]r$ to ! tablets (    
fate1 on :i* !  de/9ies ( m5 7 writt5 at
 bir? z ! measure ( fate1 s9ce  ^!      
traditions mu/ h be5 active 9 ! m9d ( ! 
apo/le4 ,mod]n  p seldom place !mselves 
9 ! atmosph]e ( ,biblical times1 :i*    
leads to mu* miscon/ruction &           
misund]/&+4    ,! v>i\s proclamations & 
edicts pass$ aga9/ ,play+ ,c>ds are a   
hi/ory 9 !mselves1 al?\gh x is a pity t 
!y are ( too late a  date to ?r[ mu*    
light on ! fir/ alt]ation ( ! cult (    
,m]cury  into games1 a *ange t 0        
probably gradual1 & s insidi\s or secret
  z to h no public record4 ,/ill1 x is  
?r\gh ^! legal pap]s t  we get au!ntic  
dates & ! e>lie/ m5tion ( c>ds z gambl+ 
in/rum5ts or toys2 b at ! end ( !       
f\rte5? c5tury1 at a "t  :5 c>ds 7      
d5\nc$ z su*1 & by "n !re is /ill no    
int]diction ( =tune-tell+1 :i* may h be5
 conduct$ too  secretly to occasion     
att5tion1 or1 p]haps1 ! g5]al law aga9/ 
vagrants or gypsies may h be5 deem$     
suffici5t protection4    ,m4 la ,croix  

says3 ,! ,g]mans 7 ! fir/ to apply c>ds 
to  in/ruct+ "y p]sons1 by endeav\r+ to 
tea* !m diff]5t  sci5ces illu/rat$ by ! 
c>ds1 t _h pr9t$ on !m hi/orical  tales1
 sums ( ari?metic1 h]aldic devices1     
a/ronomical symbols1 b>s (  music1 or   
quotations f ! poets1 ) ! pips display$ 
9 !  corn]s to deceive p into imag9+ t  
!y 7 enjoy+ a play1  :5 9 reality !y 7  
be+ g5tly l$ along ! pa?s ( le>n+1  & t 
?is idea seems to h f\nd fav\r 9 o!r    
c\ntries1  p>ticul>ly 9 ,great ,brita9 &
 ,france4    ,9 ?is li/ ( c\ntries t    
adapt$ c>ds to purposes ( in/ruction    
might h be5 includ$ ,*9a & ,japan1 _h   
,m4 la ,croix /udi$ !  games ( ^?       
nations4 ,! latt] c\ntry has two packs t
 are devot$  to quotations f ! poets1 or
 hi/orical tales4    ,num]\s specim5s ( 
^! educational c>ds are n[ to be f\nd 9 
all  c>d collections1 al?\gh to ^? :o   
reg>d ,play+ ,c>ds z "p (  ! cult (     
,m]cury ^! in/ructive bits ( pa/ebo>d   
are no m  relat$ to ! ,t>ots ?an are    
adv]tisem5ts or s*ool books4    ,!re are

 "s puritanical p]sons :o reg>d ,play+  
,c>ds ) horror1  & w n t\* ! devil's    
picture books t display ! symbols (     
,he>ts1 ,clubs1 etc42 b ^! same p adopt 
) avidity ^!  educational c>ds t        
sometimes h ! pips slyly tuck$ into a   
corn]4  ,or1 p]haps1 !y use c>ds t h    
numb]s pr9t$ on !m to indicate  ! pips1 
) o!r m>ks to %[ ! suits & ! c\rt c>ds1 
s ^!  good p play ,grab\*e1 ,p9ocle1    
,bezique1 ,flip1 & o!r games t  are1 9  
tru?1 recognis$ z games ( *ance4    ,9  
#aejg a set ( in/ructive c>ds 0 inv5t$  
by ,dr4 ,?omas ,muru]1 !  celebrat$     
oppon5t ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,! pack 0 pr9t$  
at ,crac[ &  call$ ,*>tiludui ,logicae1 
& ^! 7 int5d$ = ! use ( !  inv5tor's    
pupils 9 ! art ( reason+4 ,at fir/ p 7  
delight$  ) !m & _! novelty1 & !n !y    
turn$ aga9/ ?is me?od (  in/ruction &   
?reat5$ to burn ! doctor = inv5t+ !m4   
,?is pack 0 an imitation ( ! ,t>ots1 & 0
 compos$ ( t5 logical  c>ds ) sixte5    
suits ( emblem c>ds1 ! pips be+ ! ,g]man
 ,bells1  ,acorns1 ,leaves1 & ,he>ts1 ) 

additional symbols ( crayfi%1           
scorpions1 etc4    ,:5 ,l\is ,,xiv 0    
eight ye>s old1 x 0 necess>y to educate 
him1 b  he 0 a dull & reluctant pupil1 s
 ,c>d9al ,maz>9 inv5t$ "s  in/ruction   
c>ds = ! y\?ful k+ t illu/rat$ fables & 
prov$ attractive to o!rs besides !      
agrammati/4    ,a little lat]1 "s c>ds  
depict+ ! hi/ory ( ,france 7 design$  by
 ! arti/ ,desm>its1 :o1 f9d+ t !y 7     
receiv$ ) fav\r1  foll[$ !m ) a         
geographical set1 & !n ) "o call$       
h>lequ91  9 :i* ! figures ( well-kn[n   
p]sons 7 grotesquely dress$4    ,!re are
 lat] ,fr5* packs illu/rat+ ! k+s &     
que5s ( ,france1  & also "s t           
commemorate ! ,revolution1 ! ,empire1 ! 
reign (  ! ,orleans family1 & t (       
,napoleon ,,iii2 = 9 t c\ntry n only  7 
! c>ds us$ = illu/rat+ _! hi/orical     
ev5ts1 b !  c\rt c>ds *ang$ _! dress ) !
 rul]s1 n keep+ to !  co/umes ( !       
fifte5? c5tury1 z ! ,engli% c>ds h done4
    ,! ,fr5* also issu$ a pack ( c>ds to
 tea* h]aldry z e>ly z #afhj1  & "o =   

music 9 #ahjh1 :ile 9 #ahbj two         
in/ructive sets 7  issu$1 "o ( !m on    
botany & ! o!r "o on a/ronomy4          
,h]aldic c>ds 7 publi%$ by ,m4 ,claude  
,f9 9 #afei1 & o!rs 7  issu$ 9 #agbe4   
,?is idea 0 foll[$ 9 ,engl& 9 #afge1 :5 
"s  ,g]man c>ds 7 adapt$ to ! ne$s ( !  
o!r c\ntry4 ,! ,g]mans  issu$ ano!r pack
 on :i* 7 h]aldic devices 9 #agjj1 & a  
simil>  "o came out 9 ,v5ice 9 #agjg4 ,!
 c>ds are n useful = gambl+ or          
=tune-tell+1 b !y are ornate1 & are f9e 
examples ( pr9t "w1  & z su* f9d places 
9 collections4    ,9 #afef practical    
c>ds = tea*+ spell+1 ari?metic1 etc41 7 
issu$ 9 ,london by ,f4 ,jackson1 & at   
ab\t ! same "t satirical &  political   
c>ds 7 publi%$4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 full      
descriptions (  ^! packs c f9d a li/ 9  
,! ,catalogue ( ,play+ & ,o!r ,c>ds  9 !
 ,briti% ,museum1 by ,mr4 ,will%ire4    
,c>ds = div9ation h appe>$ f "t to "t1 b
 ! emblems 7  s fanciful & s            
unau?oritative t ! unhi/oric designs h n
  f\nd fav\r4 ,"o ( !m 9 ! ,briti%      

,museum %[s traces ( be+  d]iv$ f !     
,t>ots1 z ,m]cury is se5 hov]+ ov] a    
sail+  vessel "u 8 guise ( protector (  
m]*ants4 ,x is to be rem>k$  t x is !   
,sev5 ( ,bells & is call$ ,comm]ce4 ,!  
,eight ( ,bells  is ! ,:eel ( ,=tune4 ,!
 ,two ( ,leaves is ,hope1 & ! ,six ( t  
suit is ! ,dea? c>d4 ,x is evid5t t !   
arti/ pick$ out at  haphaz>d c]ta9      
designs on ! ,t>ots = imitation1 & t he 
_h no  compreh5sion ( ! mean+ or value (
 ! numb]s1 su* z ?ree1  sev51 or ?irte51
 accord$ to !m by my/ics4    ,hum\r\s1  
or :at are kn[n z h>lequ91 c>ds h be5   
publi%$ 9  all c\ntries1 :]e ! emblems  
!mselves h be5 tak5 = !  f\ndation (    
fanta/ic figures4 ,"o ( ^! packs 0      
design$ by ,mr4  ,william ,?ack]ay4 ,!re
 are sev]al ,fr5* & ,belgian packs1 b f>
 !  be/ "o 0 design$ by ,mr4 ,*>les     
,c>yl & issu$ by ,messrs4 ,tiffany      
,co41 ,new ,york4    ,musical c>ds are  
+5i\s1 &1 by foll[+ ! rules1 sev]al     
pretty  airs may be play$4 ,c>ds = !    
game ( ,au?ors 7 lately popul>1 &  !    

game call$ ,doctor ,busby 0 a capital "o
 = tea*+ *ildr5  obs]vation &           
conc5tration4    ,! ,japanese c>ds1 t h 
be5 ref]r$ to1 are orig9al 9 conception 
& design4 ,! pack emblematic ( ! weeks (
 ! ye> seems to be  int5d$ = gambl+1    
al?\gh x %[s no traces ( a desc5t f !   
,t>ots1 = ! c>ds display no sugge/ion ( 
! pips or emblems (  ,m]cury4 ,nor are  
!re any emblematic figures l ^? ( ,*9a1 
:]e  ! c>ds %[ evid5t imitations ( !    
,/ave1 ,money1 & ,sword pips1  ) "s c\rt
 c>ds4 ,! ,japanese !mselves decl>e t   
,portuguese  sailors introduc$ gambl+   
c>ds into ! c\ntry1 b ! only pro(  lies 
9 ! tradition & 9 ! "n by :i* c>ds are  
kn[n 9 ,japan1  :i* is ,k>ta1 = !       
,portuguese use c>ds ) ! ,cup1 ,money1  
,sword1  & ,/ave pips1 & no traces ( ^! 
are to be f\nd on any ( !  ,japanese    
packs4 ,9 t c\ntry div9+ c>ds or /icks  
are us$1 :i*  seem to h be5 inh]it$ f   
,*9a1 & ! me?ods ( us+ !m  foll[ closely
 ! rules adopt$ 9 all primitive         
c\ntries1 :]e ! old  sup]/itions ref]r$ 

to 9 ! ,bible are /ill active & 9 =ce4  
,a *ap book ( ! late sev5te5? or e>ly   
eighte5? c5tury _h a  l>ge circulation1 
= x describ$ "o ,ri*>d ,middleton1 :o1  
be+  caught play+ ) a pack ( c>ds 9     
*ur*1 0 hal$ be=e a  magi/rate1 :o 0    
amus$ :5 ! soldi] decl>$ t he look$ ^u  
! c>ds z 8 ,pray] ,book1 & describ$ :at 
!y convey$ to him z  he +5i\sly connect$
 ea* "o ) "s ,biblical ref]5ce4    ,?is 
orig9al description l$ to 8 release1 & x
 has frequ5tly be5  quot$4 ,a v>iant ( !
 /ory appe>$ 9 ,! ,am]ican ,hebrew t is 
wor? repeat+1 z ! orig9al ,*ri/ian ideas
 h be5 alt]$ to suit  ! synagogue4 ,x   
says3 ,! ,ace is ! only ,god4 ,! ,deuce1
 ! two  tables ( /one t ,moses broke at 
"o bl[4 ,try to keep !m4 ,! ,trey  is ! 
?ree patri>*s1 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 &      
,jacob4 ,! f\r is our f\r  anci5t mo!rs1
 ,s>ah1 ,ra*el1 ,leah1 & ,rebecca4 ,!   
five1 ! books (  ,moses4 ,! ,six1 ! six 
days ( ! week1 & ! ,sev5 is ! ,sabba?1  
:5 ,god re/$ & ! sev5-bran*$ c&le/ick 0 
made4 ,eight  righte\s p]sons 7 sav$ f !

 flood1 ,noah1 8 wife1 ?ree sons1  & _! 
wives4 ,joab came to ,j]usalem at ! end 
( ,n9e mon?s4 ,t5  ,comm&m5ts are !     
corn]/one ( ! jurisprud5ce ( ! civiliz$ 
_w4 ,! ,knave is ! con/able :o took me  
up4 ,he 0 a fool1 or he  w\ld n h       
di/urb$ me at my devotions4 ,que5 ,%eba 
& ,k+ ,solomon  are ! ,royal family4 ,! 
=m] dress$ fifty boys & fifty girls     
alike  9 male attire1 &1 to te/ ! k+1   
ask$ him to tell :i* 7 :i*4  ,! wise "o 
ord]$ wat] to be br\ght1 & !n quickly   
pick$ !m  out1 greatly to ! a/oni%m5t ( 
! que52 b ! *ildr5 _h  betray$ !mselves1
 z ! boys only wa%$ _! wri/s1 :ile !    
girls  wa%$ to _! elb[s4 ,fur!rmore1 !re
 are ?ree hundr$ &  sixty-five spots 9 a
 complete deck ( c>ds1 correspond+ to ! 
days (  ! ye>1 fifty-two to a pack      
correspond+ to ! weeks4 ,twelve picture 
c>ds1 "o = ea* mon?4 ,f\r suits1 ,spr+1 
,summ]1 ,autumn1 & ,w9t]4  ,diamonds    
repres5t weal?1 ,he>ts love1 ,spades    
heal? & labor1 & ,clubs  p[]4    ,9 !   
,briti% ,museum is a pack ( grammatical 

c>ds pr9t$ by ,jane1 ,june  #a1 #afgf4  
,a small treatise ( in/ruction t w5t ) !
 c>ds beg9s  z foll[s3 ,to all +5i\s    
g5tlem5 ! ,pur*as]s ( ^! ,sci5tial      
c>ds4 ,x 0 ,plato's cu/om1 aft] he _h   
end$ 8 disputation1 z he  w5t =? f 8    
s*ool1 to give ?is admonition to 8      
s*ol>s1  ',videte ut ocium 9 re quapiam 
hone/a collocetis1' or1 ',no?+ is m     
irksome to nature ?an n to "k h[ to sp5d
 "o's "t1' & if !  m9d h n "s relaxation
 f its grave & ,s]i\s ,employm5t x  _c  
endure4 ,i %\ld h be5 v injuri\s to y if
 ,i %\ld h  ,obscur$ ?is ,grammatical   
,epitome & ,depriv$ y ( t :i* w make    
mu* bo? = y\r ,leisure & ,pr(it4    ,!re
 is ano!r pack 9 ! same collection ) a  
%ort tract tea*+  _! use1 say+3 ,= z y\r
 c>ds are entitl$ ,he>ts1 ,diamonds1    
,spades1 & ,clubs1 s ours are to be     
call$ by ! names ( ,or?ographie         
7,spades71 ,etymologie 7,clubs71 ,syntax
 7,he>ts71 & ,prosodie 7,diamonds74  ,by
 su* g5tle pa?s 7 m5 lur$ f vice to     
lit]ature6    ,a/ronomical c>ds 7 e>ly  

adopt$ 9 ,nuremburg1 z 0 natural1 =  "o 
( ! mo/ celebrat$ a/ronom]s liv$ 9 t    
t[n1 & ! ,t>ots  c]ta9ly l5t !mselves m 
easily to conceptions bas$ on a/ronomy  
?an to any o!r sci5ce1 s9ce s _m ( !    
,at\ts h d]ivations  f ! planets4 ,!re  
are also ,fr5* c>ds t are dat$ #afbj1 & 
,italian ones ( ab\t fifty ye>s e>li]1  
all ( !m be+ on ! same  subject4    ,_m 
( ! ,at\ts 9 ! ,t>ots are connect$ ) !  
signs ( !  ,zodiac1 b ! emblems on !m   
are n cle>ly display$1 s inf]5ces  f !m 
are m]e guesswork4    ,! a/ronomical    
c>ds ( ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1   
%[+  ! signs ( ! ,zodiac1 are cle>ly    
inspir$ by ! ,t>ots1 b !  designs are   
supplem5t$ by figures t %[ no connection
 ) ! ,book  ( ,?o?4    ,an ,engli% pack1
 dat$ #agjj1 call$ ,virtues & ,vices1   
has ! =m] s  repulsively & ! latt] s    
attractively display$ t !y c s]ve  no   
good purpose4    ,hi/orical c>ds are    
int]e/+ to /ud5ts ( co/ume4 ,9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates "o pack commemorates ! w> ( #ahdh
 ) ,mexico1 & ! ,k+s  repres5t ! g5]als 

( ! day4 ,on ! ,aces are views (        
well-kn[n  c\ntry places1 ,"o is ( !    
headqu>t]s ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton at         
,newburgh2 ano!r is ,highwood1 on !     
,hudson ,riv] at ,wiehawk51 opposite    
,=ty-second ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 !       
resid5ce ( ,mr4 ,james ,gore ,k+4    ,a 
pack ( c>ds ( #ahfc repres5ts ! battle  
betwe5 ! ,monitor &  ! ,m]rimac1 & !    
c\rt c>ds are soldi]s 9 ! uni=ms ( !    
day1 su* z z\aves1 etc4    ,a pack 9 !  
,briti% ,museum displays small & v      
indec5t pictures  ) descriptive leg5ds4 
,"s ( ! latt] are amus+1 su* z1 ,hee  t 
has no ,head wants noe ,hatt4 ,"u !     
picture ( a ba*elor maid is3      ,i "k 
well h[ ! _w waggs1    ,he's mo/ belov$ 
t has mo/ ,baggs4    ,"u ! sket* ( an   
old woman ) h] pet is writt53 ,two heads
 are  bett] ?an "o1 :i* made ! old woman
 c>ry h] dog to ,m>ket )  h]1 & its mate
 has3 ,m5 & ,doggs may goe abroad1 b    
,wom5 & ,catts  mu/ /ay at home4 ,ano!r 
reads3 ,two ,doggs & a ,bone1 ,two      
,catts & a  ,m\se1 ,two ,wives 9 a ,h\se

 c nev] ,agree4    ,! picture ( ?ree    
doctors ent]+ a room ) _! /icks to _!   
noses & approa*+ a sick man be>s !      
leg5d3      ,if y'll avoid old ,*>on1 ! 
,f]ryman1    ,consult ,dr4 ,dyett1 ,dr4 
,quiett1 & ,dr4 ,m]ryman4    ,! foll[+  
c>d has on x3 ,an ,ounce ( ,mir? is wor?
 a ,p\nd (  ,sorr[4          ,,*apt]    
,,xv    ,,european ,,play+ ,,c>ds       
,accord+ to ,spani% writ]s1 ! au!ntic   
hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds 9  ,europe beg9s  
ab\t #accb1 = !y po9t ) triumph to an   
ord] issu$  by ,alphonse ( ,ca/ile1     
presum$ to be ( t date1 =bidd+ 8        
soldi]s to play games or to gamble4 ,x  
is po9t$ out by disputati\s  writ]s t ! 
comm& 0 n direct$ aga9/ ,play+ ,c>ds1   
s9ce  !y 7 n expressly m5tion$ by "n1 z 
are ! o!r prohibit$  games ( *ance4 ,!n 
!re is a second /atem5t t ,*>les ,v (   
,spa91  9 #acfi1 d5\nc$ c>ds1 call+ !m  
by ! local "n ( ,naipes1 or  prophets2 &
 also a ?ird record t1 9 #achg1 dice1   
c>ds1 & *ess  7 bann$ by ,john (        
,ca/ile4    ,x is evid5t ?r\gh ^!       

tru/wor?y records t gambl+ 0 widely     
practis$ 9 ,spa91 & t1 ev5 if c>ds 7 n  
p>ticul>ly nam$ 9  ! fir/-m5tion$ edict1
 x 0 b little m ?an eighte5 ye>s  lat] t
 !y _h become s common x 0 necess>y to  
=bid _! use  ?r\gh an (ficial decree4   
,9 #acie ! ,provo/ ( ,p>is issu$ a      
proclamation aga9/ ,play+ ,c>ds1  %[+ t 
_! abuse 9 ! capital ( ,france _h become
 intol]able4  ,) ^! & o!r evid5ces1 x   
may well be ass]t$ t by !  beg9n+ ( !   
fifte5? c5tury ,play+ ,c>ds 7 commonly  
kn[n 9  ! capitals ( ,europe1 :]e !y 7  
publicly us$ = games &  gambl+1 z well z
 = =tune-tell+4    ,x has already be5   
m5tion$ t !re are records ( ,play+ ,c>ds
 9  ! ,r$ ,book ( ,ulm1 ( #acig1 & an   
acc\nt 9 ,nuremburg1 dat$ #achd1  :5 a  
monk prea*$ aga9/ ! inord9ate love (    
gam+ among 8  congregation4    ,aret9o  
assigns ! inv5tion ( c>ds1 z well z (   
*ess1 to ,palam$es1  9 ! ,grecian camp  
be=e ! wall ( ,troy1 ?us claim+ a v e>ly
  date = _! introduction to ,europeans2 
b1 :ile little cr$5ce has  be5 plac$ on 

?is record1 x is m ?an probable t ,t>ots
 7 "p  ( ! equipm5t ( ! camp if !       
soldi]s wi%$ to h _! future  =etold by !
 mess5g] ( ! gods1 & gambl+ /icks1 made 
( ivory  & m>k$ ) m5's heads1 h be5 f\nd
 9 ! tomb ( ,k+ ,qa1 at  ,abydos1       
,egypt4    ,hi/ory /ates t ! ,crusad]s  
play$ at tables 7z draughts or  *eck]s 7
 !n call$71 & also t ,k+ ,ri*>d ,coeur  
de ,lion 0  fond ( *ess2 b ! ,engli%    
hi/ories d n m5tion c>ds at t  date4    
,g]man au?ors inf] t c>ds 7 introduc$   
into ,europe by !  ,crusad]s1 :o1 f9d+ !
 ,t>ots common among _! enemies 7or     
prison]s71 ! ,s>ac5s1 le>n$ to play f   
!m1 & z ! pictures  on ! c>ds 7         
attractive1 !y us$ !m to s5d home z     
missives to  _! families1 & ^! au?ors   
support _! !ory by po9t+ out  t c>ds are
 /ill call$ briefe1 or lett]s1 9        
,g]many1 :ile we  might say t ^!        
pictures 7 ! ance/ors ( ! po/al c>ds (  
! pres5t day4    ,writ]s h>p on ! lack (
 hi/orical data conc]n+ ,play+ ,c>ds    
be=e ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1       

oblivi\s ( ! fact t  previ\s to t "t x  
is probable t ,t>ots w\ld n h be5       
class$ ) games1 & t educat$ p _h n le>n$
 to use !  pack = amusem5t1 nor _h ! l[]
 classes grasp$ ! fact t !y  c\ld be    
conv]t$ into a means = gambl+1 s !y     
disreg>d$ !  anci5t symbols1 :i* !y     
consid]$ only useful = =tune-tell]s1 s  
c>ds at t date w\ld n h be5 class$ z    
gambl+ tools4    ,z soon z a game 0     
arrang$ = ! c>ds1 h[ev]1 !y 7 eag]ly    
adopt$ by all classes ( society z a     
welcome div]sion4 ,f t "t  on1 num]\s   
descriptions are to be f\nd 9 ! ar*ives 
( ,european  c\ntries1 appe>+ almo/     
simultane\sly4 ,g\gh 7a writ] m5tion$ by
  ! ,rev4 ,edw>d ,taylor 9 8 ,hi/ory (  
,play+ ,c>ds1 page #ahg7  expressly     
/ates t ! ,italian game call$ ,la       
,m9*iate1 :i* 0  play$ ) ! anci5t ,t>ot 
pack1 0 inv5t$ at ,si5na by ,mi*ael     
,angelo to tea* *ildr5 ari?metic4 ,x    
w\ld seem t ! writ] 0  slightly confus$ 
9 8 ideas1 = ! c>ds inv5t$ = tea*+      
ari?metic 7 n true ,t>ots4 ,he may be   

correct1 h[ev]1 9 suppos+  t c>ds 7     
arrang$ by ! pa9t] = educational        
purposes1 & t  !y foll[$ closely ! numb]
 & arrangem5t ( ! old] pack1 =  !re are 
su* c>ds /ill to be f\nd 9 collections1 
al?\gh h>dly (  s e>ly a date4    ,!re  
seems no reason to d\bt ! record t      
,francis ,fibbia1 ( ,pisa1  inv5t$ !    
game ( ,t>ro*9o 7or little ,t>ots71 9   
#adai1 receiv+ z  rew>d ! p]mission to  
place 8 own coat-(-arms on ! escut*eon (
  ! ,que5 ( ,/aves1 & t ( 8 wife on !   
,que5 ( ,money1 z  /at$ by ,leopold     
,cicogn>a1 = we are told t !re is a     
picture  extant %[+ ?is pr9ce ) a numb] 
( c>ds scatt]$ be=e him1 on  :i* are ^! 
arms1 s x may be t he arrang$ a game =  
common use  f ! m anci5t "o ( ,l',ombre1
 s9ce ! games closely resemble  ea* o!r1
 & ! =m] is popul> to-day 9 p>ts (      
,italy1 :]e !  anci5t ,t>ots are /ill   
us$4    ,rafael ,maffei1 :o liv$ at !   
close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 has left  a   
description ( :at he calls a new        
inv5tion1 or a game play$ )  ,t>ots4 ,a 

,bolognese g5tleman nam$ ,innoc5to      
,r5ghi]ri1 :o liv$ 9  #aeea1 decl>$ t   
c>ds 7 inv5t$ 9 days ( yore1 & by an    
indu/ri\s & v le>n$ p]son4 ,un=tunately1
 nei!r ! "n (  ! inv5tor nor ! date is  
m5tion$1 =1 if giv5 correctly1 x might  
h sav$ mu* tr\ble & dispute4            
,illu/ration3 ,,gambl+ ,,& ,,educational
 ,,c>ds        #gi-hj-ha ,sw$i% ,c>ds = 
old ,cucu game4 ,no4 #hj is ! ,jok]4    
#hb-hc ,korean ,c>ds %[+ num]al & suit  
m>ks ) fea!r design      on rev]s$ c>d4 
#hd-he-hf ,japanese ,educational ,c>ds )
 quotations f favorite      poets1 =    
game ( ,hayku-,niu-,is%u4    ,9 !       
,hi/ory ( ,vit]bo1 by ,feliceano        
7#agdb71 !re is a /atem5t  quot$ f      
,covelluzzo t c>ds call$ ,naib 7        
introduc$ into t  city 9 #abgi f a      
,s>ac5ic s\rce4 ,?is "n giv5 to ! c>ds 9
  ,italy is int]e/+1 s9ce x is ! "o us$ 
to-day 9 ,spa91 = :i*  v>i\s d]ivations 
h be5 giv54 ,x 0 probably d]iv$ f !     
,hebrew ^w = prophet1 emphasis+ !       
orig9al int5tion ( c>ds =  div9ation    

purposes4 ,x seems /range t "o ( ! be/  
kn[n & mo/  widely spread cults has     
receiv$ s little recognition or /udy    
among  ^? :o h int]e/$ !mselves 9 !     
religi\s progress &  civilization (     
mank9d4 ,ev5 if reg>d$ z toys or gambl+ 
in/rum5ts1  ,play+ ,c>ds c]ta9ly fill a 
great "p 9 ! lives ( m51 :ile _!  orig9 
& ! influ5ce !y h wield$ 9 ! pa/ %\ld   
surely h  creat$ m int]e/ ?an has be5 ! 
case4    ,a ,fr5*man1 ,pre ,m5e/ri]1    
/udi$ ! hi/ory ( ! c>ds t 7  kn[n to him
 z e>ly z #agjd1 :5 he publi%$ ,des     
,pr9cipes des  ,sci5ces et des ,arts    
,dispos en ,=me de ,jeux4 ,o!rs foll[$ 8
  example1 b !y all look$ ^u c>ds simply
 z gambl+ in/rum5ts1 or  reg>d$ !m z    
int]e/+ hi/orical fa%ion plates pictur+ 
,fr5*  celebrities1 or else z r>e       
engrav$ plates2 s !y treat$ ! c>ds (  _!
 own c\ntries only f ?is po9t ( view4 ,(
 c\rse1 mo/ ( !  writ]s knew only ! c>ds
 ( _! imm$iate surr\nd+s1 &1 if !y  ev] 
7 cognizant ( ! anci5t ,t>ots1 disreg>d$
 !m entirely4    ,:51 9 #ahcf1 ,samuel  

,well] ,s+] publi%$ 8 ,hi/ory ( ,play+  
,c>ds1 he 0 int]e/$ 9 engrav+1 ) its    
k9dr$ arts1 & he  f\nd t ! e>lie/ "w on 
wood or metal _h be5 done to reproduce  
c>ds4 ,?is book 0 foll[$ by ! ,hi/ory ( 
,play+ ,c>ds1 by  ,william ,&rew ,*atto2
 ,orig9 ( ,play+ ,c>ds 7#ahfe72 ,hi/ory 
(  ,play+ ,c>ds1 by ,rev4 ,edw>d        
,taylor1 & _m o!rs4 ,al?\gh two  p]sons 
9 ! prie/hood devot$ "t to /udy+ c>ds1  
!y did n d  s ) ref]5ce to _! religi\s  
influ5ce on _! congregations4  ,/ill1 !y
 ackn[l$g$ ) surprise t ^! unb\nd leaves
 (f]$  an int]e/+ /udy1 &1 :ile ea* "o  
po9t$ out ! probable  connection (      
,play+ ,c>ds ) ! ,book ( ,?o? & ! cult (
  ,m]cury1 n "o ( !m prov$ ! /atem5t1 b 
slurr$ x ov]1 z if  r a%am$ ( ! idea1   
al?\gh ! fact c\ld easily h be5  prov$  
?r\gh a c>eful exam9ation ( ! m>ks1 !   
pips1 & !  emblems on ! c>ds !mselves1 t
 are s und\bt$ly ! h]aldic  devices     
?r\gh :i* ,m]cury is always recognis$1 &
 :i* he receiv$  f ! mo/ anci5t =ms (   
wor%ip 9 ,babylonia4    ,^! au?ors1 )   

o!r ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani% writ]s1    
unanim\sly  decid$ t1 s9ce !re is no    
legal record or tru/wor?y m5tion (  c>ds
 int5d$ = use 9 games be=e ! ye> #acib  
7! "o t !y  seem$ to agree ^u1 ignor+ ! 
acc\nt giv5 ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4  ,cyprian
 9 #beh1 :o 0 kill$ = remon/rat+ aga9/  
play+ c>ds71  & s9ce *ance has n        
disclos$ a hi!rto unkn[n monum5t to _!  
bir? & cradle1 t ^! play?+s 7 sudd5ly   
inv5t$ j ab\t  ! date :5 !y appe>$      
simultane\sly all ov] ,europe = !       
amusem5t ( pleasure-lov+ mortals4       
,h[ev]1 !y qu>rell$ a bit z to  :e!r    
c>ds 7 fir/ kn[n 9 ! ,occid5t or 9 !    
,ori5t1 b none  ( ! au?ors /udi$        
div9ation1 & ! rules kn[n to a/rolog]s1 
=tune-tell]s or gypsies t are c>efully  
pres]v$1 z well z !  evid5t connection (
 ,play+ ,c>ds ) ! tools ( ! div9]s (    
anci5t days4    ,^! au?ors prov$        
entirely too ne>-sight$ & w\ld n read   
:at !  c>ds !mselves display$ be=e _!   
semi-op5$ vision1 probably  because !y  
despis$ ! pr(essional prophets4         

,besides1 ! ,fr5*1  ,spani%1 ,g]man1 &  
,engli% writ]s ea* claim$ = 8 own c\ntry
 !  fir/ k ( ,play+ ,c>ds us$ = games1  
)\t recognis+ t  _! bantl+s all came f a
 common "m /ock1 ! great ,t>ot pack4    
,?us ! argum5ts1 d$uctions1 & !ories (  
^! writ]s c comm&  respect only to a    
limit$ degree4    ,m]l9 & ,*atto h      
treat$ c>ds z int]e/+ examples ( !      
xylographic art1 & x is c]ta9ly true t  
!y 7 an important  factor 9 develop+ x2 
b ?is p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds  0
 by no means its *ildhood1 z ! writ]s   
seem to consid]4 ,_m (  !m did n "k t   
almo/ e "o ( ! ,european c\ntries _h    
emblems peculi> to ! locality1 :i* is   
also ! case 9 ,asia4 ,none (  ! museums 
h ev5 n[ any packs except ^? peculi> to 
_! own  ,/ate4    ,9 ! ,middle ,ages    
games became necess>y amusem5ts 9 camp &
 home1 s  !re 0 a dem& = a rapid &      
inexp5sive =m ( reproduction t  %\ld    
take ! place ( ! exp5sively pa9t$       
replicas ( ! ,book (  ,?o?1 :i* be=e _h 
be5 )9 rea* only ( ! weal?y4    ,(      

c\rse1 ! orig9al emblems _h nev] be5    
entirely lo/ or =gott51  b _h be5       
conceal$ 9 ! h&s ( ! initiates1 :o      
reg>d$ !m  ) rev]5ce & transmitt$ !m    
secretly f "o to ! o!r1 b  did n use    
c>ds = gambl+ or amusem5t4 ,^! p]sons   
did n reveal  ! hi/ory or import ( !    
,book ( ,?o? to ! trifl]s ( ! outside   
_w1 & _h no desire to see _! treasur$   
secrets *eaply  reproduc$1 to be        
c>elessly h&l$ by curi\s or             
pleasure-lov+  p4    ,! au?or ( ,! ,game
 ( ,gold1 publi%$ at ,augsburg 9 #adgb1 
says he  has read t ! game ( c>ds 0     
introduc$ into ,g]many 9 #acjj4  ,?is is
 "o ( ! fir/ writt5 acc\nts ( ,play+    
,c>ds us$ = games4  ,x 0 po9t$ out by   
,*atto t !re is a ,*9ese leg5d claim+   
,play+ ,c>ds z be+ us$ 9 ,*9a "s two    
?\s& ye>s be=e  ,*ri/4 ,d\btless !      
,*9ese recogniz$ t _! games ( div9ation1
  z /ill commonly play$1 7 id5tical ) ! 
c>ds us$ = *ance1  z ! little flat c>ds 
are /ill us$ = bo? purposes4    ,:5     
,columbus made 8 fir/ voyage across !   

,atlantic1 8 m5 gambl$  cont9ually1 &1  
al?\gh ! sup]/iti\s sailors ?rew ! c>ds 
ov]bo>d :5 !y fe>$ t !y w\ld nev] rea*  
l&1 !y  manufactur$ new ones imm$iately 
on _! arrival 9 ,am]ica1 & taught  !    
savages _! game1 s we "k )\t "q t c>ds  
rea*$  ,am]ica 9 #adib4 ,!y 7 call$     
,naypes & bore ! emblems ( ,swords1     
,money1 ,cups1 & ,rods4    ,aft] ^!     
records ( ,play+ ,c>ds come "s t are (  
lat] date4 ,9  ,capitolo del ,gioco     
della ,prim]a1 by ,b]ni1 publi%$ 9 ,rome
 9 #aebf1  ! au?or claims t play+ c>ds 7
 inv5t$ by ,k+ ,f]d9&1  :i* /atem5t may 
be reg>d$ ) amusem5t1 s9ce o!r ,italian 
records prove an e>li] date4    ,!re is 
an int]e/+ invective aga9/ c>ds publi%$ 
9 #aeej1 call$  ,il ,traditor1 :i* may  
be translat$3      ,:at is ! mean+ ( !  
female ,pope1    ,! ,*>iot & ! ,traitor1
    ,! ,:eel1 ! ,fool1 ! ,/>1 ! ,sun1   
,! ,moon1 & ,/r5g?1 & ,dea?1    ,&      
,hell1 & all ! re/    ,( ^! /range c>ds8
    ,%[+ t ! ,egyptian temples _h n     
disclos$ _! secrets t  id5tifi$ ^!      

pictures on ! ,t>ots common 9 ,italy ) !
 cult (  ,?o?1 ,m]cury1 & ,nebo4        
,pa9t]s h transmitt$ to u pictures ( _m 
games ( c>ds1 &  p]haps "o ( ! e>lie/ is
 ! "o ascrib$ to ,van ,eyck1 ( ,philip !
  ,good1 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 ab\t ! ye>  
#adic4 ,! e>ly ,dut* pa9t]s  (t5 depict$
 boors play+ c>ds1 & ^? by ,jan ,/e51 ! 
two  ,t5i]s1 & o!rs are well kn[n4      
,hog>? devot$ a s]ies (  engrav+s to    
depict+ grotesque figures play+ *ess1   
draughts1 &  c>ds4    ,aft] ! f\rte5?   
c5tury1 x is easy to le>n ! important   
position  t ,play+ ,c>ds rea*$ 9 ,spa91 
,italy1 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,engl&      
?r\gh ! works ( o!r pa9t]s1 m9iaturi/s1 
& engrav]s1 :ile  books su* z           
,=tune-,tell+1 by ,francisco di ,milano1
 publi%$ 9  #aefj1 or ! "o by ,francisco
 ,m>col9i1 publi%$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #aedj1    
prove ! hold t ! new amusem5t _h tak5 on
 ! p at t  "t4    ,proclamations aga9/  
c>ds foll[$ ea* o!r rapidly f ,/ate &   
,*ur*1 s hi/ories are fill$ ) !         
d5unciations ( ! cl]gy (  ! f\rte5? &   

fifte5? c5turies aga9/ ! old s9 t _h    
reappe>$ "u a new =m = !m to combat4    
,m]cury 0 z active z  ev]1 & _h q z     
/rong a hold on ! affections ( ! p z he 
_h 9 ! days :5 ,/4 ,paul l&$ 9 ,italy1  
close to ! ,temple (  ,m]cury1 & x 0 q z
 h>d to ov]come 8 influ5ce z x _h be5   
:5 ,*ri/ianity fir/ began to ov]?r[ !   
hea!n gods4 ,p]haps !  day may come :5  
^? :o believe 9 fate & pr$e/9ation w    
confront ^! prea*]s ) ! div9e comm&s to 
consult ! prophets  s (t5 m5tion$ 9 !   
,bible1 notably :5 ! ,rods ( !          
,israelites  7 m>k$ & laid be=e !       
te/imony4          ,,*apt] ,,xvi        
,,asiatic ,,play+ ,,c>ds      ,x has    
long be5 ! op9ion ( /ud5ts t ! key to _m
 ?+s t  are my/]i\s to ,europeans c\ld  
be f\nd ?r\gh /udy+ ! habits1  cu/oms1  
games1 or cults ( ,asia & ,africa1 ^: p 
cl+ to anci5t  ideas & habits1 s ?r\gh  
look+ at ?+s ) _! eyes1 &  li/5+ to _!  
views or op9ions on ! ev]yday happ5+s ( 
life1  t ! tangl$ ske9s t puzzle our    
academically tra9$ m9ds w\ld  be        

unravell$4    ,mu* has be5 done 9 ?is   
direction by ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,cu%+ & ,mr4  
,/ew>t  ,cul91 :o h discov]$1 by pati5t 
rese>* 9 ,am]ica & ! ,ea/]n  "p ( ,asia1
 ! value ( ! arr[ 9 div9ation1 9 music1 
9  money-mak+1 & 9 symbolism1 z well z 9
 w>1 = :i* purpose x  0 prim>ily int5d$4
 ,x 0 put to m9or uses by its simple    
adaptability to ! ne$s ( ! p1 :o 7      
direct 9 _!  purposes1 & :o us$ ! tools 
t 7 at h& no matt] = :at  !y 7 orig9ally
 int5d$4    ,any /ud5t ( ! ,bible kn[s  
h[ (t5 ! gods 7 appeal$ to1 n  only     
?r\gh ! diff]5t (f]+s1 b also = !       
purposes (  directly div9+ _! wi%es1 :i*
 0 done mo/ frequ5tly ?r\gh a  simple   
/ick t c\ld be cut f any sapl+4 ,?is    
became 9 turn a  div9+ arr[1 or a       
magician's w& :5 9 ! h&s ( ! ,egyptian  
magi4 ,! /aff ( ,moses z us$ dur+ !     
plagues ( ,egypt1 or ! rod  t put =?    
leaves :5 m>k$ ) ,a>on's "n4 ,small     
wond]1 !n1  t ! gold5-leav$ rod1 or     
,aurea virga1 giv5 by ,apollo to        
,m]cury1 0 a v5]at$ symbol1 probably    

d]iv$ f ! ,egyptians1 &  by !m f !      
,assyrians1 :]e x 0 symbolically us$ 9 !
 wor%ip  ( ! gods1 & :5 x 0 plac$ on !  
c>ds all p]sons c\ld  und]/& at a glance
 ! int5tion & mean+ ( ! ,rod4 ,x 0 n    
only adopt$ f ! ,babylonians1 :o us$ x )
 ! s]p5ts tw9+  ar\nd x exactly z x is  
se5 9 ,m]cury's h&s1 b ! p _h  se5 x put
 to practical use by ! great m>%al ( !  
,israelites1 :o  conf\nd$ _! wise m51 or
 magi1 ) _! own weapons4 ,& ! ,"l  spake
 unto ,moses & unto ,a>on1 say+3 444    
,take ?y rod & ca/ x  be=e ,ph>aoh1 &   
be=e 8 s]vants1 & x became a s]p5t4 ,!n 
,ph>aoh also call$ ! wise m5 & !        
sorc]]s2 n[ ! magicians (  ,egypt1 !y   
also did 9 l mann] ) _! en*antm5ts1 = !y
 ca/  d[n e man 8 rod1 & !y became      
s]p5ts2 b ,a>on's rod  swall[$ up _!    
rods4 7,exodus vii3#i47 ,!n ,a>on 0     
comm&$ to take  ! rod :i* 0 turn$ to a  
s]p5t1 & to smite ! wat]s t  7 turn$    
into blood2 b ! magicians did ! same ?+1
 & aga9  7 able to produce ! next plague
 by imitat+ ,a>on's rod :5 x 0  /ret*$  

=?4 ,b ^! wise m5 fail$ ) _! en*antm5ts 
to  produce lice at _! bid+1 say+3 ,?is 
is ! f+] ( ,god4 ,x is  m ?an likely t  
^! magi 7 prie/s ( ! temple ( ,?o?1 :o  
7 ! le>n$ m5 ( t day4    ,moses 0 also  
comm&$ to lift up ?y rod1 s t ! *ildr5 (
  ,israel %\ld g on dry gr\nd ?r\gh !   
mid/ ( ! sea 7,exodus  xiv3#ae71 & to   
use ! same rod to smite ! rock 9 ,horeb 
7,exodus  xvii3#f74 ,^! examples may be 
multipli$1 b en\gh has be5 quot$ to  %[ 
! importance ( ?is symbol 9 ! m9ds (    
primitive p4    ,look+ next to a p ( ?is
 c5tury :o h reta9$ almo/  un*ang$ _!   
inh]it$ cu/oms1 ,mr4 ,cul9 has dwelt at 
l5g? on !  p ( ,korea1 :o ) ! culture   
inh]it$ f _! neighb\rs1 !  ,*9ese1 h    
/ill a *ildlike simplicity & foll[ 9 !  
foot/eps (  _! ance/ors 9 _! habits1    
games1 & h]aldic devices4    ,9 ,korean 
,games1 ,mr4 ,cul9 traces ! orig9 (     
,play+ ,c>ds directly  to practical     
arr[s be>+ cosmical or p]sonal m>ks us$ 
by primitive  man4 ,see also ,numb]s    
xvii3#c4 ,he says3 ,! pack ( c>ds us$   

to-day  /&s = a quiv] ( arr[s ) !       
emblems ( ! _w's qu>t]s1  & fur!r /ates 
t ! mo/ primitive ,play+ ,c>ds ( ,asia1 
!  ,ht\-,tjy5 ( ,korea1 /ill be> ! m>ks 
( _! orig94 ,?is confirms  ! op9ion     
already =m$ by ! writ]1 :o /udi$ !      
subject f !  ,biblical & ,african po9t (
 view1 conclud+ t ! pips on ! ,t>ot     
c>ds _h a mean+ t c\ld be trac$ to !    
div9]s ( a p]iod mu*  e>li] ?an !       
=tune-tell]s or gypsies ( ,europe2 t !  
c>ds  !mselves 7 n int5d$ = a game1 b 7 
orig9ally devot$  entirely to consult+ !
 wi%es ( ! gods2 & t x 0 m ?an  probable
 t ! cult ( ,?o? ,h]mes 0 a sci5tific   
adaptation ( !  arr[ wor%ip ( e>ly man2 
& t ! gift ( spee* t ,m]cury 0  cr$it$ )
 be/[+ on humans 0 ! compreh5sion ( !   
signs &  ! ability ?r\gh !m to transmit 
to m5 ! wi%es ( ! gods4    ,! ,korean   
c>ds are pr9t$ on pap]1 & are1 !re=e1 "o
 /ep high]  9 ! scale ?an ^? f\nd among 
! ,alaskan ,indians4 ,^! are simple     
r\nd /icks on :i* are pa9t$ /ripes ( r$ 
& black1 to d5ote  _! value4 ,9 "s sets 

! ends are not*$ l arr[s1 :i* probably  
adds to ! num]ical value ( ! c>d4 ,!    
,indians keep _! /icks 9  a sealsk9 p\* 
wrapp$ ar\nd ) a ?ong ( lea!r1 on ! end 
(  :i* is a %>k's too? t is pass$ "u !  
wrapp+s to hold !m  9 place & secure !  
cont5ts4 ,a h&ful ( oakum accompanies ! 
bag4  ,?is is ne$$ dur+ ! consultation (
 ! wi%es ( ,manit\1 =  ^! /icks are us$ 
= div9ation purposes z well z = play4 ,a
 heap  ( oakum is plac$ on ! gr\nd1 "u  
:i* ! /icks are hidd54 ,!  play]s squat 
9 a circle ar\nd & draw f "u ! pile "o  
/ick  aft] ! o!r1 ! mean+ ( :i* is      
int]pret$ by "o ( ! p>ty4               
,illu/ration3 ,,gambl+ ,,c>ds           
#hg-hh-hi ,engli% ,c\rt ,c>ds ) ,fr5*   
pips4 ,ab\t #ahdj4        #ij-ia-ib     
,g]man ,c>ds1 %[+ ,six ( ,acorns1 ,six (
 ,leaves1 & ,six      ( ,he>ts4         
#ic-id ,*9ese ,c>ds %[+ ,money & ,rod   
emblems4    ,! ,alaskans also h a game  
some:at l ! ,mora ( ! ,egyptians &  !   
,italians1 only x is ! value ( ! /icks  
or ! /ripes pa9t$ on  !m t mu/ be       

guess$4    ,"o /ep high] are ! /icks us$
 by ! ,hidah ,indians1 ! natives ( a    
little gr\p ( isl&s 9 ! ,pacific ,ocean 
(f ! we/ coa/ ( ,nor?  ,am]ica4 ,^!     
/icks %[ ! totem m>ks ( ! tribes or     
families1 su*  z ! ,be>1 ! ,tortoise1   
etc4 ,!y are cle>ly d]iv$ f arr[s1 &    
sometimes h not*$ ends1 & are /ill us$ =
 div9ation1 al?\gh  also = games4 ,tak5 
) ^? f ,alaska1 !y are ! mo/ primitive  
packs kn[n4    ,! next /ep =w>d is f !  
wood5 %afts or rods to ?9 slips (  yell[
 oil$ pap]1 n>r[ & long1 t belong to !  
,koreans4 ,! use  ( ^! c>ds is /ill !   
same1 & ! close resemblance to !  ,nor? 
,am]ican packs is m>k$1 %[+ t all came f
 a common  s\rce4 ,^! ,korean c>ds s]ve 
z a l9k connect+ ! primitive arr[  or   
rod ) ! /ep t foll[s1 f :i* come !      
,*9ese gambl+  tools4    ,! ,korean c>ds
 are made ( /rips ( pap] ab\t eight     
in*es long by  ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*     
wide4 ,!y are uni=mly decorat$ on !     
rev]se side ) a fea!r1 :i* ,mr4 ,cul9   
consid]s important z  atta*+ ! c>ds to !

 orig9al w+$ %aft4 ,!re are eighty c>ds 
9 ! pack1 divid$ into eight suits ( t5  
c>ds ea*1 numb]$ f "o  to n9e ) num]als 
peculi> to ^! c>ds1 :i*1 l ! device on  
! o!r side1 come f arr[ fea!rs4 ,! suit 
m>ks correspond to !  totemic emblems ( 
! ,koreans4    ,^! c>ds are a vital     
bridge betwe5 ! primitive traps =       
div9ation  & ! m enlight5$ devices ( !  
canny ,egyptian prie/s1 = x 0  ?r\gh !  
use ( /rips ( bamboo1 simple /raws1 or !
 arr[s ( !  p]iod t ! prie/s fir/       
transmitt$ ! wi%es ( ! gods to  mank9d4 
,b :e!r ! cult ( arr[s orig9at$ 9 ,egypt
 & travell$  f t c5tre bo? ea/ & we/1   
be+ modifi$1 simplifi$1 or  elaborat$ by
 e nation ?r\gh :i* x pass$1 or :e!r x  
/>t$  on ! ,pacific ,ocean1 to sweep    
across ,asia to ,africa & ,europe1 has n
  be5 made cle>4    ,x is m ?an probable
 t ! simple art ( div9+ ?r\gh ! fall  ( 
arr[s is due to ! primitive tribes (    
,asia1 & c]ta9ly 9 ,exodus1  ,numb]s1 & 
o!rs ( ! books ( ,moses1 !re are _m     
records ( !  direct comm& ( ! ,almighty 

to 8 p to c>ry out 8 wi%es  ?r\gh us+ ! 
rods1 or to consult 8 ord]s ?r\gh occult
 means to  be reveal$ by ! rods4 ,^! are
 au!ntic records on ! subject1 &  are   
support$ by ! tablets f\nd at           
,babylonia1 s we may suppose t  ! arr[s 
( div9ation spread gradually f ?is      
,asiatic c5tre1  becom+ alt]$ f "t to   
"t1 until 9 _m places all traces ( !    
orig9al purpose 0 lo/1 & ! art (        
consult+ ! wi%es ( !  gods ?r\gh !m     
laps$ into ! pleasure ( gambl+4    ,!   
,korean "n = _! pack ( c>ds is          
,ht\-,tjy51 signify+  ,fight+ ,arr[s1   
accord+ to ,mr4 ,cul9 9 ,korean ,games  
7page #abh74  ,! suits1 he says1        
repres5t ,man1 ,fi%1 ,cr[1 ,pheasant1   
,antelope1  ,/>1 ,rabbit1 & ,horse1 ! "n
 ( ! c>d be+ writt5 on x 9  ,*9ese      
*>act]s 9 "s packs4 ,six ,g5]als1 or    
,c\rt c>ds1  repres5t+ ! heads or !     
*iefs ( ! diff]5t families1 & two       
entirely blank c>ds1 or ,jok]s1 complete
 ! set4    ,o!r packs h diff]5t totemic 
m>ks1 b all agree ) ea* o!r 9  g5]al    

appe>ance4 ,x is said t !re are a numb] 
( games t are  play$ ) ^! c>ds1 b !y are
 difficult = a =eign] to  und]/& or     
le>n4    ,a close connection exi/s      
betwe5 ! ,korean pack & ! lots us$ by ! 
,*9ese to div9e ! lucky numb]s 9 ! game 
call$ ,pak-,kop-,piu1 z  ^! c>ds reta9 !
 fea!r device1 & ! names ( bo? are ne>ly
  id5tical ) ! ^w = arr[s4    ,! mo/    
common packs ( ,*9ese c>ds are n>r[1 l  
^? ( !  ,koreans1 b are less ?an half ! 
l5g?1 sometimes only ab\t two & a  half 
in*es long by a qu>t] ( an in* wide4 ,^!
 packs g5]ally h  pla9 r$ or black backs
 ) no designs on !m1 & are pr9t$ )      
black ink on :ite pap]4 ,!re are at lea/
 tw5ty-five diff]5t k9ds  ( ,play+ ,c>ds
 common 9 ,*9a4 ,"s ( !m are int5d$     
simply =  div9ation1 o!rs are = gambl+1 
& "s = ! amusem5t or  in/ruction (      
*ildr54    ,"s are v primitive 9 _!     
m>k+s2 o!rs closely resemble  dom9os1   
hav+ simil> spots on !m d5ot+ _! value2 
:ile !  c>ds 9 common use h di/ort$     
emblems t are cle>ly d]iv$ f  ! ,sword1 

,/ave1 & ,money pips ( ! ,t>ots1 al?\gh 
! ,cup ( ,h]mes  is n reta9$4 ,x is     
noticeable t ! ,money emblem has a      
design ^u  x1 & is n ! simple r+ (      
primitive times4 ,?is leads to !        
sugge/ion t ^! p>ticul> c>ds 7 devis$ f 
^? ( ,m]cury4  ,s9ce !re are ,c\rt c>ds 
& a ,jok]1 x w\ld seem z if ! ,*9ese  _h
 adopt$ "p ( a pack ( ,t>ots1 omitt+ !  
,cup suit1 s9ce x _h  no mean+ = !m1 b  
copy+ ! o!r emblems 9 _! own peculi>    
way2 b ?is is only a guess z to ! orig9 
( ?is p>ticul> set (  c>ds1 & only ^?   
us$ = div9ation be> ^! devices4    ,!   
,*9ese also h ,actors' c>ds1 be>+       
portraits ( ! h]oes &  h]o9es ( c]ta9   
fav\rite plays4 ,^! h ?ree ,jok]s1 t 9  
,*9a be> ! "n ( ,bless+s4 ,!n !re are   
fl[] packs &  educational packs1 ,prov]b
 c>ds1 & c>ds to tea* writ+1 s t !      
,*9ese h 9 _! own orig9al way m>*$ /ep  
by /ep )  ,europeans1 b on p>allel l9es 
t h n met4 ,! ,*9ese decl>e  t !y h kn[n
 & us$ ,play+ ,c>ds = two ?\s& ye>s1 9  
:i* /atem5t !y are probably correct1 z  

c]ta9ly ! ,rod1 !  ,sword1 & ,money     
emblems 7 kn[n & us$ by ! ,babylonians 9
 _!  religi\s rites two ?\s& five hundr$
 ye>s be=e ,*ri/4    ,ow+ to c>ds hav+  
be5 introduc$ into ,japan by ,portuguese
 trad]s1  ! packs are call$ by !        
,portuguese "n ( ,k>ta1 z has be5       
m5tion$4 ,b ! resemblance to ,european  
c>ds /ops !re1 = !  %ut-9 nation inv5t$ 
designs & games = !mselves1 keep+ !m    
di/9ct f div9+ in/rum5ts1 ( :i* !y h a  
full %>e1 "s  ( !m be+ id5tical ) !     
,*9ese rods = div9ation4    ,"o         
,japanese game is hi/orical1 & ! packs  
are beautifully pa9t$ 9  m9iature1 )    
gold backgr\nds & gold backs4 ,! c>ds   
are ?ree by  ?ree & a half in*es 9 size4
 ,two sets always come 9 "o box1 & !    
game is play$ by mat*+ c>ds4 ,!y f>     
surpass ,european ones1 = !y  are mo/   
c>efully design$ & pa9t$4 ,! two sets 9 
! writ]'s  possession resemble da9ty    
m9iatures1 & ! small figures might almo/
  be tak5 = lik5esses ( liv+ p4    ,!n  
!re are o!r sets ( c>ds ( ! same size z 

^? describ$1  b diff]5tly m>k$1 z !y h  
?ree suits indicat$ by ! col\r  ( !     
emblems1 blue1 gre51 & r$4 ,!re are two 
emblematic ,c\rt  c>ds1 "o ( !m !       
picture ( a h\se1 ! o!r "o %[+ a /ream  
ov] :i* a bridge is ?r[n4 ,! pack 9 !   
writ]'s collection is  r>e1 = none l x  
has be5 describ$1 & !re are none 9 !    
=eign museums4    ,ano!r set ( c>ds is  
call$ ,baku*i-,no-,euda1 or gambl+ c>ds4
 ,^?  9 common use are ( c>dbo>d ab\t   
two to two & a qu>t] in*es  squ>e1 )    
black backs & fl[]s pa9t$ or /5cill$ on 
!m1  repres5t+ ! weeks ( ! ye>4 ,! game 
play$ ) !m is call$  fl[] mat*+4 ,janu>y
 is repres5t$ by a ,matsu or ,p9e tree1 
foll[$ by ! ,plum1 ,*]ry1 ,wi/>ia1      
,iris1 ,peony1 & ,clov]4 ,!  eigh? suit 
has a sket* ( a volcano1 repres5t+      
,augu/1 :i* is !  sacr$ mon?2 dur+ x    
pilgrimages are made to ! m\nta94 ,! c>d
  :i* foll[s repres5ts a ,*rysan!mum2 !n
 comes a ,maple = ,octob]4  ,novemb] is 
repres5t$ by ra91 sometimes ) a little  
man scamp]+  ?r\gh ! driv+ /orm ) a     

half-op5$ umbrella ov] 8 head1 8  %oes  
fly+ (f 9 ! mud1 ) ! symbol ( ?und] &   
lightn+  plac$ 9 "o corn] ( ! c>d4      
,decemb] has ! fl[] sacr$ to !  ,mikado1
 ! ,kiri4    ,ea* c>d %[s ! fl[]        
repres5t+ x 9 diff]5t /ages (           
developm5t1 accord+ to ! f\r weeks 9 !  
mon?4 ,ea* has a def9ite  value1 & !    
game is play$ by ?ree p]sons1 :o mat*   
c>ds to make  diff]5t comb9ations4 ,!   
,jok] is blank1 s ^! c>ds 7 nev]  int5d$
 = div9+1 b 7 prep>$ solely = amusem5t4 
,div9+ arr[s1 repres5t$ by bamboo       
spl9ts1 are us$ 9 ,japan z well  z 9    
,*9a1 & are ne>ly id5tical 9 bo?        
c\ntries4 ,fifty /icks are  kept 9 a    
quiv] or a tube ( cane1 resembl+ ! %ape 
( ! mod]n  dicebox4 ,! spl9ts v>y 9     
l5g?1 says ,mr4 ,cul91 :o describes !m  
9 ,korean ,games 7page #bf71 f two to   
f\r in*es4 ,"o p]son  consults ! oracle1
 :i* is int]pret$ by a ,b>u1 or         
=tune-tell]1  z describ$ 9 ,our         
,neighb\rhood1 by ,mr4 ,purcell3 ,hav+  
rattl$ 8  rods toge!r by roll+ !m betwe5

 8 palms1 he raises !m to 8  =ehead4 ,! 
/icks are !n laid out 9 ord] on a table1
 & _!  mean+ is deciph]$ ?r\gh ref]r+ to
 ! ,book ( ,oracul>  ,responses1 or     
?r\gh ! inspiration ( ! magi1 :o decl>es
 t he  passes "o h\r daily 9 a trance1  
dur+ :i* he receives in/ruction z  to ! 
progno/ication he mu/ deliv]4    ,!re is
 ano!r ,japanese game call$             
,hayku-,niu-,is%u1 or ! ,poems on ,"o   
,hundr$ ,arts4 ,= ?is !re are two hundr$
 c>ds1 t are kept 9 boxes  especially   
provid$ = !m4 ,on ea* c>d is pr9t$ or   
writt5 ei!r  ! fir/ or ! la/ half ( "o (
 ! hundr$ poems t give _!  "n to ! game1
 :i* all well-educat$ ,japanese are     
suppos$ to "k  by he>t4 ,! "o hundr$    
c>ds hav+ ! latt] half ( ! poems  writt5
 on !m are dealt & are laid out 9 r[s1  
face upw>ds1 be=e  ! play]s1 "o ( :om is
 appo9t$ read]4 ,he holds ! rema9+      
hundr$ & reads !m al\d 9 :atev] ord] !y 
fall4 ,skill 9 !  game consi/s 9        
rememb]+ ! l9e foll[+ ! "o read &       
rapidly  f9d+ ! c>d on :i* x is writt54 

,especially mu/ ea* "o wat*  8 own &    
pick x up be=e x is seiz$ by ano!r4 ,if 
an oppon5t is  nimble he snat*es ! c>d f
 ! c>eless play]1 giv+ sev]al f  8 own  
h&1 & ! "o :o is fir/ able to mat* &    
disc>d all (  8 c>ds w9s ! game4 ,!     
play]s usually range !mselves on        
opposite  l9es & play aga9/ ea* o!r4    
,su* is ! acc\nt ( ! game giv5  by ,miss
 ,alice ,mabel ,bacon 9 ,japanese ,girls
 & ,wom5 7page #bb74    ,! c>ds ( ?is   
set 9 ! au?or's possession are r small1 
be+  two by two & a half in*es1 or a    
trifle l>g] ?an ! ,fl[] pack4  ,!y are  
arrang$ 9 small wood5 boxes1 ) a        
description ( ! rules  ( ! game pr9t$ on
 ! top2 ! lid moves up & d[n 9 a groove4
  ,! v]ses are writt5 9 f9e runn+       
*>act]s on a :ite gr\nd4    ,9 ,h9du/an 
we f9d /range circul> c>ds t h /ray$ f> 
f !  arr[ %ape1 & seem mu* m to resemble
 ! ,european pips4 ,!re are  eight      
suits1 indicat$ by ! col\r ( !          
backgr\nd1 on :i* are  depict$ ,m51     
,bullocks1 ,elephants1 & ,tig]s4 ,!     

,money & ,cup suits may  be trac$ 9 two 
( ! emblems1 ! =m] pa9t$ l a d\ble r+1  
& x is que/ionable if ^! c>ds 7 ev]     
int5d$ = div9+  purposes1 s9ce !y seem  
to be us$ purely = amusem5t4    ,p]sian 
c>ds are ab\t two in*es by "o & a half  
squ>e4 ,! suits are  %[n1 l ^? (        
,ca%m]e1 by ! col\rs ( ! backgr\nd4 ,!y 
h  no?+ 9 common ) ! arr[-%ap$ ,korean1 
,*9ese1 or ,nor? ,am]ican  div9ation    
c>ds1 b r incl9e to ! emblematic figures
 ( !  temple ( ,?o? z reta9$ by !       
,t>ots1 = e c>d displays a  symbolic    
repres5tative figure4 ,^! c>ds are r>e  
ev5 9 ,p]sia1 &  only two incomplete    
sets are 9 ! writ]'s collection1 "o (   
:i*  conta9s six1 & ! o!r eighte51 c>ds4
    ,?ree ( ^! c>ds h black backgr\nds  
on :i* is display$ a :ite  & yell[      
animal ( a species unid5tifi$4 ,! ?ird  
c>d ( ! set  %[s a great dragon ) a =k$ 
tail twi/$ ar\nd a lion4 ,?ree (  ! c>ds
 h gre5 gr\nds1 on :i* are seat$        
figures1 & "o ( !m  s closely resembles 
! ,emp]or1 or ,osiris1 ( ! ,t>ots 9     

position &  design t x seems x mu/ h be5
 d]iv$ f t figure4 ,( !  o!r two1 "o    
resembles ! ,at\t call$ ! ,empress1 & ! 
o!r is a  seat$ male figure1 9 !        
attitude ( "s ( ^? 9 ! ,t>ot pack4  ,f\r
 c>ds h black gr\nds spr9kl$ ) dots (   
yell[4 ,^! f\r  all %[ dragons or       
my?ical animals1 & are alike 9 e        
respect1  :i* is n always ! case ) ! o!r
 designs ev5 :5 ( k9dr$  suits4 ,z none 
( ! ,at\ts h animals depict$ on !m      
except 9 a  subord9ate way1 x w\ld seem 
t "s ( ! ,p]sian c>ds are  orig9al1 :ile
 o!rs may h be5 copi$4 ,ano!r gre5 suit 
has only  two c>ds1 al?\gh !re might be 
m if ! pack 7 complete4 ,!  gr\nd is    
sem1 l ! la/1 ) orange-col\r$ flecks1 & 
displays  a seat$ figure ) an att5dant1 
its peculi>ity be+ t ?is ,k+  has 8 legs
 fold$ "u him 9 ,ori5tal fa%ion1 :ile ! 
figures on  all ! o!r c>ds are seat$ l !
 ,egyptian gods4 ,two c>ds h gold       
gr\nds1 & on !m are two /&+ figures1 "o 
beat+ a drum1 !  o!r man hold+ :at may  
be a magician's rod or1 p]haps1 a flute4

 ,!re  are ?ree c>ds ( a dull yell[ hue 
fleck$ ) br[n dots4 ,^!  closely        
resemble ! ,at\ts1 z "o ( ! seat$       
figures holds up a  circle or ! ,money  
m>k1 l ! ,que5 ( ,d9>i2 & aga9/ ! knees 
( ! o!r a *ild leans1 recall+ ,isis )   
,osiris4 ,! eighte5?  c>d is ! ,jok]1 & 
%[s a lik5ess ( ! late ,%ah ( ,p]sia4 ,x
 0  br\ght f t k+dom 9 #aijd4 ,^! c>ds d
 n seem all to h  belong$ to ! same     
pack1 = five ( !m h be5 mu* m us$ ?an  !
 o!rs4 ,! ,p]sians are secretive ab\t _!
 games1 probably because  ! religion (  
,mahomet1 foll[+ t ( ! ,jews1 =bids any 
repres5tation ( ! human =m4 ,!re=e1     
games be>+ su* an emblem  mu/ be us$ 9  
private1 & descriptions ( !m are n      
readily obta9$  by =eign]s4 ,! c>ds     
!mselves (f] an int]e/+ problem1 s9ce   
!y reta9 ! emblematic figures )\t any   
pip c>ds1 & !y /&  alone 9 ?is respect 9
 ,asia1 :]e ! pip or arr[ c>ds are m    
g5]ally to be f\nd ?an ! figure c>ds4   
,b1 !n1 ! ,p]sians use  ! cup or vase = 
div9+ purposes1 z a rule1 al?\gh 9 "s   

p>ts  ! arr[s or rods ( div9ation are   
common4 ,!re are also /icks f\nd  among 
! common p t seem to be us$ 9 ?is way1 b
 ! natives  are *>y ( describ+ _!       
purpose1 s no tru/wor?y acc\nt ( !m  c  
be (f]$4          ,,*apt] ,,xvii        
,,*ess ,,& ,,o!r ,,games      ,_m writ]s
 h ?\ght t ,play+ ,c>ds 7 simply an     
evolution (  ,*ess1 & ! features        
connect+ !m h be5 widely discuss$1 s9ce 
!re are /rongly m>k$ attributes common  
to bo?4 ,b1 z f> z is  kn[n1 ,*ess has  
nev] at any "t be5 us$ = div9ation1 &   
!re are  no traditions connect+ x )     
prophesy+1 :ile f "t immemorial  c>ds h 
be5 us$ = =tune-tell+ by almo/ all      
nations1 ei!r  ?r\gh ! complete pack (  
,t>ots1 or ! ,book ( ,?o?1 _!           
successors1 ! ,play+ ,c>ds1 or _!       
pr$ecessors1 ! div9+ arr[s4    ,on ! o!r
 h&1 ,*ess is di/9ctly a mimic          
battlegr\nd1 ) armies  ( w>riors drawn 9
 s]ri$ ranks1 defy+ ea* o!r to mortal   
combat1  :e!r !re are only two armies1 z
 9 ! mod]n games1 or f\r1 z on  "s ( !  

,asiatic bo>ds4 ,! figures are ! rank & 
file ( !  army1 ) _! ca/les = base &    
retreat1 _! cavalry1 _!  executive      
(fic]s1 & g5]als1 ) ! mon>* to preside  
ov] !  field4 ,t 9 ,europe "o ( !       
figures is call$ a ,que5 is /rangely    
out ( place1 = h] actions & moves dur+ !
 game are ^? ( an  active lieut5ant or  
aide-de-camp4 ,! "n has be5 giv5 to !   
piece 9  mod]n days1 = orig9ally & 9 !  
,ea/ x is call$ ! ,vizi]4 ,t  ! piece   
may be call$ aft] ! dame :o inv5t$ !    
game1 z is said1  seems improbable4     
,"s writ]s decl>e t ,*ess came f ,s\!rn 
,africa1 :]e x is  well kn[n2 b x is    
also f\nd 9 primitive =m 9 ,korea &     
?r\gh\t  ,ea/]n ,asia1 & traces ( x h   
be5 se5 9 ,c5tral ,asia1 :]e 79         
,babylonia7 /ones h be5 discov]$ t are  
m>k$ 9 squ>es1 z if  int5d$ = ,draught  
or ,*ess bo>ds4    ,a pretty leg5d is   
told ( ! ,emp]or ,akb>1 ( ,india1 = :om 
8  c\ntrym5 decl>$ t ! game 0 inv5t$ by 
"o ( 8 wives1 :o  want$ to amuse h]     
husb&1 aft] ! mann] ( wives1 & to keep  

him at  home1 p>ticul>ly z ! k+ 0 suff]+
 f a sun/roke t made  x inadvisable =   
him to v5ture to head 8 army4 ,) ?is end
 9 view1  %e rang$ ! c\rti]s on ! black 
& :ite squ>es 9 ! c\rty>d  )9 ! prec9cts
 ( ! palace1 9 ord] t ! k+ might amuse  
himself fight+ 8 battles 9 a h>mless way
 f 8 divan1 t 0  plac$ 9 "o ( !         
balconies ov]hang+ ! enclos$ space4 ,a  
graphic  description ( ! palace is giv5 
9 ,our ,vice ,regal ,life 9 ,india1 by  
,lady ,duff]9 7page #aej74 ,ref]r+ to ! 
leg5d1 %e says3 ,!re is a  curi\s place 
:i* is a five-/ori$ op5 c\rt1 ea* plat=m
 gett+  small]1 till ! top "o is a m]e  
little summ] h\se4 ,ea* "o is  support$ 
on r[s & r[s ( pill>s1 f !m "o looks d[n
 into a  c\rt1 :]e ! ,great ,mogul us$  
to sit & play ,*ess ) live pieces4    ,9
 ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,japan1 by ,bay>d      
,taylor 7page #ajh71 ! au?or  says3 ,?is
 palace ( ,%ee% ,mahal 7or ,palace (    
,glass71 ) its  c\rty>d pav$ ) squ>es ( 
black & :ite m>ble1 has an op5  t]race 9
 front1 :]e is ! ?rone ( ,akb>1 :i* is a

 block ( black  m>ble ab\t six feet     
squ>e4 ,x is said t :5 any "o seats     
!mselves on x1 blood gu%es f a split 9 !
 side1 & r$ /a9s  on ! surface support  
?is tradition4 ,opposite ! ?rone is a   
small]  "o ( :ite m>ble1 :]e ! emp]or's 
fool sat & burlesqu$ 8  ma/]4 ,?is fell[
 c>ri$ a /aff ( (fice & conduct$ !      
pieces to  _! positions z indicat$ by   
,akb> & 8 oppon5t4    ,! game ( *ess1 ) 
liv+ pieces1 became a fav\rite ) !      
,rajahs  ( ,india1 s _m ( ! c\rts (     
diff]5t palaces 7 also arrang$  = ,*ess 
or ,p>*esi1 a game play$ ) pieces1 b )  
less  complicat$ rules ?an = ,*ess4     
,?\gh ! c\rt je/] 0 ! ma/]  ( c]emonies1
 he has n tak5 8 place p]man5tly among !
 *essm51  al?\gh he may be sometimes    
f\nd among !m1 notably 9 a beautiful    
gold  & silv] set ( m5 made = "o ( ! k+s
 ( ,bav>ia & n[ 9 !  ,museum at ,muni*4 
,9 ?is set !re are two ,jok]s1 :o are   
plac$ 9  front ( all ! o!rs 9 ! middle (
 ! bo>d z at pres5t arrang$1  b _! value
 & moves seem n to h be5 record$ & are  

n[  practically unkn[n4    ,x 0 at "o "t
 suppos$ t ! figures ( ! *essm5 7       
transf]r$ to pa/ebo>d c>ds1 ?us mak+ a  
mask$ army in/ead ( "o  t 0 on an op5   
field1 & t ,play+ ,c>ds orig9at$ 9 ?is  
way2  b ?is !ory is no long] t5able4    
,mr4 ,wilt%ire1 9 ,play+ ,c>ds1  d]ides 
! idea t !y are d]iv$ f ,*ess1 say+3    
,*ess is a  game ( calculation &        
comb9ation1 & c>ds are purely *ance1 :i*
  op9ion is su/a9$1 = up to ?is "t !    
hi/ory ( ! two games  po9ts to no common
 d]ivation4    ,x is claim$ t ,*ess 0   
fir/ play$ be=e ! walls ( ,troy1 hav+   
be5 inv5t$ by ,palam$es to amuse !      
,greeks1 :o 7 tir$ ( !  monotony ( !    
siege4 ,?is is probably "o ( ! fir/     
records ( games1  al?\gh x is n c]ta9 t 
! "o ref]r$ to 0 ,*ess any m  ?an t x 0 
a game ( c>ds1 :i* "s writ]s h suppos$4 
,9 ,! ,sea ,k+s ( ,crete1 by ,rev4      
,james ,baikie1 is an acc\nt & an       
illu/ration ( a gam+ bo>d j discov]$ 9 !
 palace ( ,m9os1  :i* c]ta9ly dates f "o
 ?\s& f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1  b x  

resembles a ,draught bo>d m ?an "o =    
,*ess4    ,!re is an ,egyptian c>icature
 ( a lion & a unicorn play+ a game on  a
 table ) m51 :i*1 h[ev]1 are too        
indi/9ct to describe z  *essm54 ,!re is 
a set ( *essm5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 !   
date (  :i* is unc]ta91 t are by "s     
consid]$ to h be5 ( su* e>ly  orig9 t !y
 prove t ! ,egyptians _h ! game1 al?\gh 
d$uctions ( ?is k9d are sometimes       
ov]?r[n by subsequ5t  discov]ies4    ,t 
*essm5 ( ! conv5tional type are by no   
means absolutely  necess>y = a game is  
%[n by ! ,korean ,tjyang-,keui1 ^:      
figures  closely resemble ! pieces us$  
by ! ,*9ese4 ,! m5 ( ! set 9 !  writ]'s 
collection are ( wood ab\t ! ?ickness ( 
an ord9>y *eck]  or draughtsman1 b !y   
are octagonal 9 %ape1 & ! size ( !      
pieces v>ies1 s9ce x is indicative ( !  
value4 ,sometimes ! pieces  are circul> 
9 %ape1 & h _! value pa9t$ 9 incis$     
*>act]s  on bo? sides 9 r$1 blue1 or    
gre51 accord+ to ! side !y  repres5t4 ,!
 ,k+ or ,g5]al is mu* ! l>ge/ piece &   

ab\t an in*  & a half 9 diamet]4 ,!     
,*>iot1 ,elephant1 ,horse1 & ,cannon are
 (  m$ium size1 :ile ! ,pawns &         
,c\ncillors are ! smalle/4 ,! pieces  9 
! writ]'s collection 7 kept by ! orig9al
 own] 9 a nett$  /r+ bag4 ,! bo>d diff]s
 f ^? ( ,europe1 z ! m5 are plac$  at ! 
int]sections ( ! squ>es1 & n 9 _!       
c5tres1 z is  cu/om>y 9 o!r places4 ,!  
game1 z play$ 9 ,korea1 is logical1 &  0
 ! inspiration ( v>i\s games play$ 9    
,g]many1 :]e m>bles are  plac$ 9 /at$   
positions on bo>ds made = ! purpose1 )  
r\nd$  holes1 & m>k$ (f ) diagrams4 ,9  
"s games ! bo>d repres5ts a  =t to be   
def5d$2 9 o!rs1 a s]ies ( positions to  
be captur$ by  "o or o!r ( two armies ( 
equal value4    ,a v int]e/+ set (      
*essm5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 0 f\nd at    
,nig1  9 ! ,isle ( ,lewis1 & is describ$
 z ,nor? ,european1 ,twelf?  ,c5tury4 ,!
 backs are c>v$ ) intricate int]lac+    
designs l  ^? on ! rev]se ( ! old       
,t>ots4 ,! ,que5s re/ _! *eeks on  _! "r
 h&s4 ,! ,k+s h swords laid across _!   

laps4 ,!  ,bi%ops are mitr$1 & all are  
seat$4    ,an anonym\s writ] decl>es3 ,!
 mo/ probable conjecture is t ,*ess     
desc5d$ f ! ,brahm9s1 ?r\gh ,p]sia1 to  
,arabia1 ab\t ! six?  c5tury1 & pass$   
into ,europe two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s    
lat]4  ,cont9u+1 ! writ] says3 ,a       
ma!matician nam$ ,seffa orig9at$ !  game
 = 8 ma/]1 ,ravan1 ,k+ ( ,ceylon1 :o 0 s
 pleas$ ) !  device t he ask$ ! inv5tor 
to "n 8 own rew>d4 ,! cunn+ sage  dem&$ 
en\gh :eat to cov] ! bo>d1 />t+ ) a s+le
 gra9 =  ! fir/ squ>e1 two = ! second1 &
 s on1 d\bl+ ! gra9s until  ! sixty-f\r 
squ>es 7 cov]$1 f9ally add+ ! :ole am\nt
  toge!r1 s :5 comput$1 x 0 f\nd t m    
:eat w\ld be requir$  ?an ! _w produc$ 9
 t5 ye>s4    ,! ,p]sians claim t ,*ess 0
 inv5t$ 9 _! c\ntry1 po9t+ out  !       
ret5tion ( "s ( _! names & expressions 9
 ! ,engli% game1  su* z ,*eck1 f !      
,p]sian ,sciack or ,k+1 & ,mat1 signify+
  dead1 h5ce ,*eckmate1 or ,! ,k+ is    
dead4 ,^! words may well  h _! d]ivation
 f ! ,p]sian or ,arabic1 b !y are n     

univ]sally employ$1 al?\gh ,*ess is (   
anci5t orig9 & has be5  play$ = c5turies
 9 ,africa1 ,asia1 & ,europe4 ,! t]m    
,rook1 t is  sometimes us$ in/ead (     
,ca/le1 is und\bt$ly ( ,indian orig91   
d]iv$ f ,rokh1 & signify+ drom$>y4 ,9   
,*9a ?is piece is call$  ,ku1 & 9 ,korea
 ,t*a1 words 9 no way connect$ ) !      
,arabic4    ,!re are _m hi/orical       
descriptions ( ,*ess 9 ,europe too well 
kn[n  to be repeat$2 besides :i*1 !re   
are num]\s copp]1 /eel1 & wood  engrav+s
 %[+ p]sons play+ ,*ess4    ,9 ,a       
,hi/ory ( ! ,moori% ,k+s 7#acif71 !re is
 an acc\nt ( a game  play$ :5 ,jussef1 !
 heir to ! ?rone1 0 ord]$ to be behead$ 
by  8 usurp+ bro!r4 ,an alcade 0 s5t to 
! prison = ! purpose (  c>ry+ out !     
comm&1 b1 f9d+ ,jussef play+ ,*ess1 &   
becom+  int]e/$ 9 8 skill1 he wait$     
until ! game t]m9at$ to dispat*  !      
pr9ce4 ,h[ev]1 be=e x 0 f9i%$1 ! usurp]1
 ,mehem$1 0  murd]$1 s ,jussef succe$$  
to ! ?rone & rew>d$ ! k9dly  execution] 
) money & hon\rs4    ,"o ( ! e>lie/     

descriptions ( ,*ess 9 ! ,engli%        
language 0  writt5 by ,?omas ,hyde 9    
#afid1 at ab\t ! "t t ,cotton's         
,complete  ,game/]1 on ! subject (      
gambl+ & its tools1 appe>$4 ,!re is a   
r>e book1 entitl$ ,! ,game & ,playes ( !
 ,*ess1 t1 /range to  say1 conta9s      
little or no?+ conc]n+ ! game beyond its
 title4    ,x is rem>kable1 says ,sir   
,g>d9] ,wilk9son1 9 ,anci5t ,egyptians  
7,vol4 ,,ii1 page #dae71 t a game s     
common z ,mora among ! l[] ord]  (      
,italians %\ld be f\nd to h exi/$ 9     
,egypt f ! e>lie/  p]iod ( :i* _! pa9t+s
 rema91 ev5 9 ! reign ( ! ,fir/         
,osirtas54 ,! game1 :i* requires no     
accessories1 is skillfully play$  by    
hold+ up c]ta9 f+]s to an oppon5t1 :o   
tries to guess !  numb]2 x 0 probably   
c>ri$ to ! ,s\!rn ports ( ,italy by !   
,egyptians1 :5 ! ye>ly voyage 0 made to 
! ,bay ( ,naples1 at !  "t t ! great    
,temple ( ! ,s]apeon 0 erect$ at        
,pozzuoli & !  cult ( ,?o? ,h]mes       
introduc$4    ,draughts 7 also f\nd 9   

e>ly days at or ab\t ! same place1 &  t 
game is repres5t$ z be+ play$ on !      
sculptures ( ,b5i ,hassan  9 grottoes on
 ! ea/ bank ( ! ,nile4 ,! same au?ority 
says3 ,?is  w\ld be coeval ) ,joseph1 or
 #agdj ,b4 ,c4    ,an anonym\s writ] 9  
an ,engli% pap] /ates t "o ( ! frescoes 
(  ! palace ( ,rameses ,,ii %[s ! mighty
 ,ph>aoh himself play+ aga9/  "s ( !    
beauties ( 8 h>em4    ,_m writ]s consid]
 t ! ,roman ,latronculi & ! ,greek      
,digrammisnios 7 games ( ,*ess or       
,draughts4 ,a ,spani>d1 nam$ ,antonio   
,torquemada1 publi%$ rules = ! latt] z  
e>ly z #aedg1 & a  ,fr5*man1 nam$ ,pi]re
 ,malet1 describ$ ! ,p>isian game 9     
#affh4 ,!  latt] call$ = a bo>d (       
sixty-f\r squ>es1 ! m5 mov+ b "o  block 
at a "t1 & ! cr[n$ pieces hav+ ! "r to  
move  backw>ds4 ,! game 0 n popul> 9    
,france until ! days ( !  ,reg5cy1 :5 ! 
,poli% game1 t is play$ on a bo>d ) "o  
hundr$  squ>es1 ea* play] hav+ tw5ty    
pieces1 became ! vogue4    ,?is v>iation
 ( ! old game ( ,draughts 0 introduc$ by

 a man nam$  ,man\ry1 :o />t$ life z a  
wait] 9 "o ( ! cafs4 ,he gave lessons   
to ,m>%al ,saxe & ,jean ,jacques        
,r\sseau1 besides writ+ out ! rules     
gov]n+ ! game = ! use ( 8 pupils4    ,9 
,france & ,engl& play]s use ! black     
squ>es on ! ,*eck] bo>d1  b 9 ,holl& &  
,russia ! :ite ones are ^? t are fav\r$1
 &  x is /range h[ puzzl+ ?is slight    
*ange is to unaccu/om$ play]s4          
,draughtsm5 or *eck]s are made ( _m     
diff]5t mat]ials1 su* z  clay1 bone1    
wood1 & ivory4 ,"s old ones 9 ! ,briti% 
,museum are (  ivory1 two in*es 9       
diamet]1 & 7 f\nd 9 ,leice/]%ire4 ,on "o
 (  !m is a figure l ,il ,p5du1 or !    
,hang$ ,man1 ( ! ,at\ts4 ,9 !  writ]'s  
collection !re are "s draughtsm5 (      
unpa9t$ wood mo/  beautifully c>v$4 ,"o 
( !m displays a w+$ figure ) a cap (    
,m]cury hang+ ov] 8 head1 on top ( :i*  
is p]*$ a die1 a ,f\r  ,spot on "o side 
( x1 :ile ! o!r displays an ,ace4 ,! cap
 is  susp5d$ 9 ! air ov] a table cov]$ )
 a fr+$ clo?1 on :i*  re/s a rose & a   

laurel wrea?4 ,a motto surr\nd+ ! *eck] 
reads3  ,f]t ,praemia ,fav/a4 ,on !     
rev]se is a h& empty+ a purse on a      
,backgammon bo>d1 ! leg5d be+ ,freqv5s  
,tibidissipat ,avrum4 ,ano!r  *eck]1 a  
mate to ! above1 %[s a table on :i* is a
 ,backgammon bo>d  & two play]s busy ov]
 ! game4 ,! man is seat$1 :ile ! woman  
is  /&+ ) arms uprais$1 & hav+ evid5tly 
j lo/ a game1 is  upbraid+ h] companion4
 ,! motto is ,ars ,sortem ,corrigat     
,a/x4 ,!  rev]se %[s a drap$ ,cupid op5+
 a money *e/1 ! motto be+ ,sat  ,loevlo 
,havt ,ocvio4 ,a black man ( ?is set %[s
 a w>rior talk+ to a  h>pi/1 ! motto be+
 ,juam ,r>i ,amici ,*>i4 ,! rev]se %[s a
  figure ( ,m]cury1 z ,luck1 ) a        
philosoph] & a c\rti] try+ to  hold !   
fly+ figure ) ropes t h be5 ?r[n ar\nd !
 wai/  ( ! flitt+ god4 ,! motto is ,ah  
,=tuna ,bona ,me ,condona4 ,^!  *eck]s  
are "p ( a set t 0 once 9 ,lady ,*>lotte
 ,s*rib]'s  collection ( games4 ,!y are 
probably ( ,g]man manufacture1 z !y     
closely resemble sets ( draughtsm5 t are

 9 ! ,nuremburg & ,muni*  collections4  
,9 ,korea ! game ( ,draughts is a       
fav\rite "o4 ,! pieces are n flat  &    
r\nd1 l ^? ( ,europe1 b ! horses1 z !y  
are nam$ 9  ,korea1 h %anks ab\t two    
in*es long1 ) r\nd1 solid bases1 mak+   
!m easy to pick up & move1 b !y w\ld be 
awkw>d if ! game  call$ = jump+1 z does 
t ( ,european play]s4 ,) ?is  exception1
 ! rules = play+ resemble ^? common 9   
,europe4    ,! ,japanese1 ! ,siamese1 & 
! ,*9ese all play ! game ) !  assi/ance 
( dice1 & ! m5 z well z ! bo>ds %[ an   
orig9  common ) ^? already m5tion$4 ,!y 
are games ( luck or *ance1 b  are n us$ 
= =tune-tell+1 & h no?+ 9 common ) c>ds1
  arr[ div9ation1 or prophesy+1 unless  
/ud5ts c h]eaft] trace !m  to ! ,urim & 
,?ummim ( ! ,bible4    ,games ) dice are
 fav\rites 9 all ,asiatic c\ntries1 b ! 
m5  !mselves & ! games play$ ) !m are f>
 m elaborate &  sci5tific ?an ^? (      
,europe1 & capable ( a great v>iety (   
comb9ations q unkn[n to ,engli%-speak+  
nations4 ,! ma!matical  calculations    

necess>y = ! ,asiatic games are         
intricate &  complicat$1 b well wor?y ( 
adoption4    ,ab\t #ahae ! ,g]mans issu$
 a pack ( c>ds t _h dice on !m  in/ead (
 ! commonplace pips4 ,! set 9 ! writ]'s 
collection is  incomplete &             
incompreh5sible )\t ! rules1 t h be5    
lo/4  ,! c>ds h ! dice on ! l[] half1   
:ile ! upp] "p displays  diff]5t        
designs1 su* z a dilig5ce1 a %ip1 a     
bookcase1 & an easy  *air4 ,! two       
designs la/ m5tion$ h doctor pr9t$ "u   
!m4    ,illu/ration3 ,,gambl+1          
,,hi/orical ,,& ,,educational ,,c>ds    
#ie-if ,spani% ,c>ds %[+ ,f\r ( ,cups 7)
 "n ,naypes1 mean+      prophetical7 &  
,knave ( ,money 7) ! gazelle ( ,osiris74
        #ig ,engli% ,educational        
,c>ds--hi/orical4 ,"o ( ! ,jubilee pack 
conta9+ ,que5 ,victoria & all h]        
desc5dants4        #ih ,ne!rl&s ,dom9o  
,c>d = tea*+ music4        #ii ,unit$   
,/ates ,dom9o ,c>d4        #ajj ,unit$  
,/ates ,numb]$ ,c>d = game ( ,grab\*e or
 ,fl9*4        #aja ,unit$ ,/ates       

,educational ,c>d = game ( ,au?ors4     
#ajb ,engli% ,educational ,c>d = tea*+  
ari?metic4    ,games ( dice are probably
 ! olde/ kn[n1 & are f\nd 9 all ,asiatic
  c\ntries4 ,! evolution f !m to dom9os 
is easily trac$1 = !  latt] is evid5tly 
a pair ( dice plac$ toge!r4 ,! pieces 9 
a ,korean  set ( dom9os 9 ! writ]'s     
collection are ( ! size t a pair (      
,european dice w\ld make if glu$ side by
 side4 ,besides ! games (  *ance1 dice  
are us$ = div9+ purposes all ov] ! _w1 b
  p>ticul>ly 9 ,africa & ,asia4         
,jack/ones1 or ,knuckle-bones1 is ano!r 
old game4 ,!re is 9 ! ,briti%  ,museum a
 mo/ int]e/+ m>ble gr\p ( boys play+    
,jack/ones4 ,a  lively dispute1 if n an 
active fight1 ov] ! result ( ! game is 9
  progress1 & ! little m5 are scatt]$   
ov] ! gr\nd :ile ! boys  wre/le4        
,jack/ones may be ( _m diff]5t mat]ials1
 al?\gh ^? mo/  commonly us$ are !      
simple r\nd pebbles f\nd by any         
roadside4 ,a set  9 ! writ]'s collection
 is ( bone1 :i* 0 common 9 ,new ,york   

ab\t  #ahej4 ,o!rs are ( glass & are    
said to be ,pho5ician4 ,ivory & %eeps'  
knuckles are fav\rites ) *ildr51 :o 9   
mod]n times h add$ a  small rubb] ball =
 a ,jack4    ,! game seems to be        
univ]sal1 = *ildr5 on ! ,nile1 9        
,hung>y1  ,au/ria1 ,france1 ,engl&1 & ! 
,unit$ ,/ates all seem to play ! same   
primitive game t is common 9 ,asia4 ,9  
,korean ,games 7page #eh71 ,mr4  ,cul9  
calls x ,kong-,keui1 & says x is play$  
by boys ) five or six  /ones or pieces (
 bricks4 ,:5 girls play1 !y use ca% or  
co9s1 &  !n ! game is call$ ,tja-,ssei4 
,:5 play$ ) /ones1 x is call$           
,i%i-,nago1 or ?r[+ /ones1 & t5 ( ^! are
 us$4 ,! ,*9ese call  ! game ,*aptsz1 or
 pick+ up /ones4    ,no rules = ! ,we/]n
 game seem ev] to h be5 writt51 b !y are
  transmitt$ f "o g5]ation to ano!r )   
almo/ no diff]5ce1  :atev] ! c\ntry may 
be1 al?\gh x is noticeable t !          
innovation  ( ! rubb] ball = a ,jack    
seems to h be5 introduc$ by ! ,poli%  or
 ,russian ,jew *ildr5 to ! ,new ,york]s1

 z x is *iefly play$ by  ^! little      
immigrants4 ,! game has no?+ to d )     
div9ation1 &  is "o m]ely ( skill1 z x  
is a simple amusem5t ( ! mo/ primitive  
k9d1 =1 giv5 a h&ful ( /ones1 any "o c  
le>n ! game1 &1  ) a mod]ate am\nt (    
practice1 c play x ) m or less skill4   
,!re are five pieces to a set2 f\r are (
 equal value1 & ! fif? is  call$ !      
,jack4 ,any "o ( ! five may be us$ = !  
,jack1 :i* is  simply ! /one t is toss$ 
into ! air :ile ! o!rs are ga!r$  9 !   
h&4    ,! sets 7or _! ord]7 are agre$ ^u
 be=eh& by ! play]s4 ,any  numb] c take 
"p1 = ea* "o plays = himself1 & ! w9n]  
is  ! "o :o indep5d5tly executes all !  
difficult sets )\t fail+4  ,any place is
 conv5i5t = ! game1 & ! /ones are       
g5]ally ?r[n  on ! lap1 ! gr\nd1 a      
pill[1 a door/ep1 or ev5 ! pavem5t4     
,mugg9s is ! "n ( ! fir/ set1 :i*       
consi/s 9 ga!r+ all  five /ones 9 ! palm
 ( ! "r h& & ?r[+ !m into ! air  toge!r1
 !n cat*+ all five on ! back ( ! h&4    
,)\t  /opp+1 ! /ones mu/ be ?r[n aga9 9 

! air & all five caught  toge!r 9 ! h&4 
,?is makes all ! /ones ( equal value &  
all (  !m ,jacks 7! te*nical "n = ! /one
 ?r[n 9 ! air :ile  diff]5t movem5ts are
 be+ done74 ,! ,mugg9s set requires     
consid]able  dext]ity1 & a play] dropp+ 
any "o ( ! /ones loses 8 turn1  :i*     
passes to ! play] on ! left4 ,! next set
 is n />t$ until  all ! play]s h        
successfully accompli%$ _! turn (       
,mugg9s1  :i* mu/ be done five times 9  
succession )\t fail+4    ,milk+ ! ,c[ is
 ! "n ( ! second set4 ,! /ones are ga!r$
  9 ! h& & ! ,jack is ?r[n into ! air1 &
 :ile x is up1 "o  /one is quietly &    
g5tly plac$ ^u ! table f ! palm1 b mu/  
n be ?r[n or dropp$1 & ! ,jack caught z 
x comes d[n4 ,?is is  repeat$ until all 
! /ones are disc>d$ "o aft] ! o!r1 ! art
  be+ to d ?is )\t lett+ m ?an "o escape
 at a "t4 ,if ?is  is n done1 ! turn    
passes to ! next play] on ! left2 b1 if 
successfully accompli%$1 ! /ones are    
swept into a heap & caught up  9 ! h&   
:ile ! ,jack is 9 ! air4 ,all ! play]s  

mu/ d ?is 9  succession or lose _! turn4
 ,^? :o h n complet$ ! fir/  ,mugg9s    
take _! turn "h1 & mu/ d x five times   
)\t fault  be=e beg9n+ to milk4    ,grab
 is ! "n ( ! ?ird set1 & x is difficult4
 ,x is call$  ,lay+ ,eggs 9 ,korea4 ,x  
is done by lay+ f\r /ones ab\t two in*es
  ap>t 9 a r[1 toss+ ! ,jack & pick+ !m 
up "o by "o4 ,! fir/  /one is kept 9 !  
holl[ ( ! palm ( ! "r h& :ile ! ,jack   
is toss$ & ! second /one is pick$ up4   
,?is is reta9$1 & !  ?ird /one is pick$ 
up 9 ! same way1 & s on until all are   
caught  9 ! "r h&4 ,!n all are plac$ 9 a
 heap & are ga!r$ :ile  ! ,jack is      
toss$4 ,! left h& is n us$ at all 9 ^!  
two sets4    ,peas 9 ! ,pot is ! fir/   
set ( ! second "p ( ! game4 ,!  left h& 
is p>tly clos$ & f\r /ones are plac$    
ab\t an in* ap>t  9 a r[1 ! fir/ "o t\*+
 ! ?umb4 ,play]s1 to %[ _! skill1  w (t5
 make ! spaces wid]1 b !y mu/ n ?r[ !   
,jack any  high] ?an is usual1 :i* is   
ab\t a foot & a half4 ,! play consi/s  9
 ?r[+ ! ,jack1 &1 :ile x is 9 ! air1 "o 

/one aft]  ano!r is pick$ up & put 9 !  
pot 7:i* is ! left h&74 ,"s  play]s pu% 
! /ones into ! pot4 ,to d s1 ! ?umb &   
=ef+]  ( ! left h& are op5$ to all[ !   
/ones to pass 91 b ?is is  consid]$     
unworkmanlike by good play]s4 ,! /ones1 
aft] be+ plac$  9 ! pot & ! left h&     
remov$1 are ga!r$ ) "o swoop z !  ,jack 
is toss$4    ,horses 9 ! ,/able is play$
 ) ! f+]s ( ! left h&  out/ret*$ to =m  
/alls4 ,! /ones are plac$ ab\t f\r in*es
 away  on ! table1 & mu/ be pu%$ into ! 
/alls "o by "o :ile ! ,jack  is al(t4   
,!n all are ga!r$ up at once 9 ! "r h&  
:ile !  ,jack is toss$4 ,9 ,h9du/an !   
native girls h _! photographs tak5  :5  
play+ ?is set ( ,jack/ones4    ,horses  
out ( ! ,/able foll[s4 ,! /ones are pu%$
 out ) "o  motion1 "o beside ! o!r1 & !n
 caught up ) "o sweep z !  ,jack is     
toss$4 ,! art consi/s 9 gett+ ! /ones   
close toge!r :5  !y leave ! /alls1 s t  
!y c be grabb$ ) "o sweep :ile  ! ,jack 
is up4    ,sweep+ ! ,floor comes next4  
,! /ones are plac$ f\r in*es ap>t  9 a  

squ>e1 & ! ?ird f+] ( ! "r h& mu/ sweep 
inside two  ( ! /ones )\t t\*+ !m :ile !
 ,jack is al(t4 ,!y mu/  !n be ga!r$ &  
caught ) "o sweep ( ! h&4    ,spread+ ! 
,table is done by arrang+ ! squ>e ) f\r 
/ones1 z  9 ! prec$+ set1 aft] :i* !y   
are pu%$ toge!r ) "o sweep  & caught 9 !
 "r h& :ile ! ,jack is up4    ,lay+     
,eggs1 call$ ,al-,nat-,ki 9 ,korea1 is !
 next set4 ,am]ican  *ildr5 play x      
exactly 9 ! same way z d ! ,asiatics4   
,f\r /ones  are plac$ on ! table1 !     
,jack is toss$1 "o /one is pick$ up &   
laid d[n :ile ! ,jack is 9 ! air4 ,!n   
ano!r /one is pick$ up z  ! ,jack is    
toss$ & laid d[n z be=e1 until all are  
us$4 ,9 ,korean  ,games1 ,mr4 ,cul9     
describes ?is play1 b no ref]5ce is made
 to !  prec$+ sets1 al?\gh !y are play$ 
9 ,europe4    ,sett+ ! ,eggs1 or        
,al-,h\m-,ki1 calls = f\r ( ! /ones be+ 
plac$ beside ! left h& & pu%$ "u x1 z is
 done 9 ,peas 9  ! ,pot4    ,hat*+ !    
,eggs1 or ,al-,kka-,ki1 consi/s 9 hold+ 
all ! /ones 9  ! "r h&1 ) "o tuck$ "u ! 

little f+]4 ,?is is !n  dropp$ g5tly on 
! table :ile ! ,jack is toss$1 ! o!r    
/ones  be+ held 9 ! h&1 & ?is is repeat$
 until all are d[n4    ,a good play] may
 "w "r ?r\gh ! :ole numb] ( sets be=e ! 
oppon5ts h a *ance to play at all4      
,*ildr5 (t5 arrange h&icaps  among      
!mselves to prev5t ?is4 ,"o peculi>ity (
 ! game seems to be  t x is a po9t (    
hon\r among ! *ildr5 to take no unfair  
advantage ( ea* o!r1 b to try to assi/ &
 make ! o!rs w9 if  possible1 & x is "o 
( ! few games play$ by *ildr5 t seldom  
lead to qu>rell+4 ,!re are v>iations ( !
 sets1 b ! above is  ! /&>d game4    ,q 
diff]5t f ! la/1 :i* is simply "o (     
skill1 is ! game  kn[n z ,jack/raws1 :i*
 is a primitive game1 b x is play$ all  
ov]  ! _w1 & is evid5tly d]iv$ f ! arr[s
 ( div9ation4 ,a set  ( ,*9ese          
,jack/raws 9 ! writ]'s collection 0 made
 ab\t ! middle  ( ! la/ c5tury1 probably
 = exportation1 = "s ( ! /raws are      
,european 9 "*4 ,!y are ( ivory1 :i* is 
mo/ delicately  c>v$1 & are n col\r$1 z 

are "s ( ! sets ( ,*9ese  ,jack/raws t  
are c>v$ out ( bone4 ,!y 7 import$ by a 
naval  (fic] :o 0 on ! exp$ition "u     
,commodore ,p]ry :i* op5$ !  treaty     
ports ( ,japan to ,am]ican trade4    ,9 
?is set !re are two hooks1 = sep>at+ !  
pieces "o aft]  ano!r )\t %ak+ any ( !  
bun*4 ,! long1 sl5d] /raws are  f\r     
in*es 9 l5g?4 ,!re are eight t are c>v$ 
to repres5t  ,javel9s1 & eight c>v$ l   
,spe>s4 ,!y c\nt1 respectively1 "o &    
two m>ks if tak5 f ! re/ ( ! pile )\t   
%ak+4 ,!n !re  are tw5ty ,/raws1 c\nt+  
t5 apiece1 t are delicately c>v$1 ea*   
"o entirely diff]5t f any ( ! o!rs4 ,!re
 is a ,spade1 a hook$  ,spe>1 an ,arr[1 
an ,axe1 a ,flag1 a ,/&>d1 a ,halb]d1 a 
w> ,hamm]1 a  ,javel91 a ,sabre1 a      
,lance1 a ,sword1 a ,trid5t1 & a        
,pit*=k4 ,^! all  seem to be int5d$ to  
repres5t weapons famili> 9 ! antiquat$  
w>f>e ( ,*9a4 ,! five ,european         
implem5ts are a long-h&l$ ,%ovel1  a    
pair ( ,tongs1 a ,bodk91 a ,p51 & a     
,musket4 ,! skillful play] :o  captures 

! ,tongs c\nts tw5ty1 s9ce x is twice z 
difficult to  dis5tangle z any ( ! o!r  
,/raws1 t are valu$ at t5 m>ks  apiece4 
,,*apt] ,,xviii    ,,=tune-,,tell+      
,,?r\gh ,,! ,,c>ds      ,)\t 9 ! lea/   
cr$it+ t c>ds t are d]iv$ f anci5t      
my/]ies are able to reveal ! incid5ts   
connect$ ) human life1 _m  p consid] !  
trial an int]e/+ amusem5t4    ,:at 7 !  
me?ods us$ by ! anci5ts = div9+ ! wi%es 
( !  gods8 ,truly ?is op5s a va/ field (
 inquiry t ranges ?r\gh e  device &     
symbol ev] inv5t$ by man4    ,)9 a few  
ye>s v>i\s plans h be5 sugge/$ = read+ !
 fate  ?r\gh ! h&1 z is done by !       
,gypsies1 or by ! c>ds1 z practis$  by !
 prie/s ( ,m]cury2 b ^! are only a few  
hundr$ ye>s old1 &  probably h b little 
relation to ! actual rites t h left no  
au!ntic record & n[ c only be guess$4   
,consultation ( ! c>ds s]ves to amuse ! 
idle1 ! curi\s1 & !  cr$ul\s1 s a brief 
recapitulation ( ! two me?ods mo/ 9     
vogue may  int]e/ read]s1 :o c try =    
!mselves to read :at ! div9+  tools say 

?r\gh ! int]pretations us$ by two ( !   
mo/ celebrat$  =tune-tell]s ( ! pa/     
c5tury1 namely3 ,etteila & ,mlle4 le    
,norm&4  ,! latt] us$ mod]n ,fr5* c>ds1 
:ile ! =m] requir$ a complete  ,t>ot    
pack t is n easy = mo/ p to obta94      
,c>dmak]s h n be5 unready to inv5t = _! 
cu/om]s v>i\s  fanta/ic packs ) weird   
symbols1 & to be/[ on ^! mod]n          
creations v>i\s significances t h no    
relation :atev] to ! old  ,t>ots2 !re=e 
!y are valueless 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o       
believe 9  ! anci5t my/]ies1 :i* h be5  
implicitly cr$it$ = ages1 &  h a        
significance t is n difficult to und]/&1
 al?\gh !  diff]5t %ades ( mean+        
attribut$ to !m by ! ,initiates h be5   
lo/4    ,! =tune-tell+ packs issu$ by ! 
c>d mak]s ( ! day g5]ally  be> ,fr5*    
pips1 s9ce ^! symbols are ! ones famili>
 to  manufactur]s 9 ,france1 ,engl&1 &  
,am]ica4 ,!y h1 9 addition1  badly      
drawn1 in>ti/ic pictures t are fooli% & 
mean+less1 s9ce  !y are nei!r h]aldic   
nor symbolic1 & !y are only int5d$ =    

amateurs1 s9ce ! true =tune-tell] or    
,gypsy ( to-day pref]s !  c>ds ) !      
anci5t pips ( ,money1 ,swords1 ,rods1 & 
,cups1 toge!r  ) ! ,at\ts4    ,a pack   
publi%$ 9 ,frank=t-on-,ma9 has ! ,fr5*1 
n ! ,g]man1  pips1 z w\ld seem natural1 
& ! c>ds are nam$ ,le ,norm& ,k>t54  ,!y
 are great fav\rites 9 ,europe1 :]e !y  
are us$ = =etell+  ! future & describ+ !
 pa/ or pres5t by cr$ul\s p]sons :o     
foll[ ! rules laid d[n 9 ! accompany+   
book or key1 believ+ t  ! c>ds 7        
orig9ally arrang$ & int]pret$ by !      
celebrat$  ,fr5* c>tomancie1 ,mlle4 le  
,norm& h]self1 :o _h wond]ful luck 9  h]
 bus9ess & has _h _m successors4    ,?is
 pack is "o & a half by ?ree in*es 9    
wid?1 :i* is small]  ?an ord9>y ,play+  
,c>ds1 & m conv5i5t = lay+ out on a     
table4 ,! pack conta9s only ?irty-six   
c>ds1 ) ?ree c\rt c>ds to  ea* suit1    
namely3 ,k+ ,que51 & ,knave4 ,! six pip 
c>ds are ,ace1 ,six1  ,sev51 ,eight1    
,n9e1 & ,t54 ,ea* "o has a mean+less    
picture on x1  su* z a c(f91 birds1     

fl[]s1 or keys1 & male or female figures
  dress$ 9 ! fa%ion ( #ahej4 ,9 ! upp]  
c5tre ( ea* c>d is a  small space1 on   
:i* are ! c\rt figures or ! pip symbols 
t are  repres5t$ on an ord9>y pack (    
,fr5* c>ds4    ,! directions = consult+ 
! c>ds are pr9t$ 9 ,g]man & ,fr5*  9 a  
small book accompany+ !m1 s1 s9ce any   
pack ) ,fr5* pips  w\ld s]ve = ! same   
amusem5t1 ! rules & int]pretations may  
well  be "h giv51 z _m p]sons enjoy     
consult+ ! c>ds to discov]  ?r\gh !m1 if
 !y may1 ! pa/1 pres5t1 & future4       
,%uffle & cut ! c>ds1 & !n h& !m to !   
,inquir] to cut ?ree  times4 ,deal "o at
 a "t1 plac+ !m face upw>d on ! table 9 
r[s  f left to "r4 ,! fir/ f\r r[s ea*  
%\ld h eight c>ds1 &  ! fif? r[ only f\r
 c>ds1 :i* %\ld be plac$ 9 ! middle "u  
! o!rs4 ,^! signify ! end ( life1 & ! r[
 is1 consequ5tly1  %ort] ?an ! o!rs4 ,! 
c>ds = ?is r[ mu/ be put s t !re  are   
two outside ( !m on ei!r side1 bo? left 
& "r on ! r[  above !m1 :i* makes ! two 
outside l9es c\nt only f\r c>ds f  top  

to bottom1 :ile ! ?ird1 f\r?1 fif?1 &   
six? l9es h five  c>ds "u !m4    ,if !  
inquir] is a female1 %e is repres5t$ by 
! ,ace ( ,spades1 &  if a male1 he is   
betok5$ by ! ,ace ( ,he>ts4 ,^! c>ds    
also  repres5t husb& & wife1 or two     
lov]s1 & great att5tion mu/ be  paid to 
! place :]e !y fall 9 deal+1 = all ! o!r
 c>ds are  dom9at$ & controll$ by "o (  
^! two1 tak+ _! significance  f !m4 ,!  
port5t ( ! o!r c>ds is great or less 9  
degree  accord+ to _! position1 :e!r x  
be ne> or f>1 above or bel[1  ^! two    
repres5tative c>ds4 ,^? t\*+ !m are     
suppos$ to %[  ! ev5ts t are happ5+ at !
 pres5t mom5t1 ^? f> f !m  are 9 ! pa/1 
or ! future1 dep5d+ :e!r !y are above or
 bel[  ! two important ones4    ,! mean+
 ( ! ?irty-six rema9+ c>ds is expla9$ z 
foll[s3        ,,k+ ,,(                 
,,spades4--,great happ9ess4 ,a j\rney4  
,a voyage on bus9ess4 ,a      happy     
life4        ,,que54--,happ9ess ?r\gh\t 
life 9 e way4        ,,knave4--,a bir?4 
,a *ild4 ,a sweet disposition4          

,affability4        ,,t54--,inh]it$     
weal?4 ,bus9ess4 ,=tune4 ,j\rney on     
acc\nt (      bus9ess4 ,travel4         
,,n9e4--,successful voyages4 ,comm]cial 
ent]prises4 ,fai?fulness4               
,illusions4 ,flirtations4               
,,eight4--,social position4 ,con/ant    
love4 ,unimportant position4 ,bad       
companions4        ,,sev54--,good news4 
,a lett] f a di/ance4 ,bad news4 ,an    
invitation4        ,,six4--,long life4  
,sad life4 ,sickness4 ,dea?4            
99       99       99       99       99  
,,k+ ,,( ,,clubs4--,tr\ble4 ,happ9ess4  
,disa/] to fri5ds4 ,good news (         
fri5ds4        ,,que54--,mis=tune4 ,bad 
fri5ds4 ,sl&]4 ,loss4                   
,,knave4--,discord 9 family4 ,unhapp9ess
 betwe5 lov]s4 ,illness4      ,protract$
 suff]+s4        ,,t54--,happ9ess4      
,indiff]5ce4 ,tr\ble f outsid]s4 ,sl&]4 
,,n9e4--,annoyances4 ,tr\bles f fri5ds4 
,qu>rels4 ,lawsuit4                     
,,eight4--,fri5d%ip4 ,fai?ful lov]4     
,p[]ful enemy4 ,enemy ov]come4          

,,sev54--,loss4 ,?ief4 ,loss recov]$4   
,loss irrep>able4                       
,,six4--,disagreeable news4 ,slight     
tr\ble4 ,bad news4 ,tr\ble =            
fri5ds4        ,,ace4--,engagem5t4      
,happy m>riage & ri*es4 ,brok5          
engagem5t4      ,sep>ation ( lov]s4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,k+ ,,( ,,diamonds4--,=tune f ! sea4   
,ent]prises successful4      ,mis=tune4 
,loss4        ,,que54--,unhapp9ess      
av]t$4 ,dang] escap$4 ,sorr[4 ,tr\ble4  
,,knave4--,*agr94 ,mis=tune av]t$4      
,dang]4 ,unhapp9ess av]t$4              
,,t54--,news4 ,secret intellig5ce4      
,gossip4 ,sc&al4                        
,,n9e4--,illness4 ,sorr[4 ,accid5ts4    
,dang]4        ,,eight4--,invitations4  
,a love affair4 ,pleasure = ! belov$4 ,a
 love      affair 9 ! family4           
,,sev54--,happy j\rney4 ,arrival (      
fri5ds4 ,a %ort trip4 ,a j\rney4        
,,six4--,pleasure4 ,good news4          
,annoyances ov]come ,good =tune4        
,,ace4--,prosp]ity4 ,good luck4         

,disc\ragem5t4 ,mis=tune4               
99       99       99       99       99  
,,k+ ,,( ,,he>ts4--,reunion4 ,prosp]ity4
 ,fidelity4 ,endurance4                 
,,que54--,an excursion4 ,a j\rney4 ,a   
prev5t$ visit4 ,delay$ j\rney4          
,,knave4--,love4 ,happ9ess4 ,pleasure4  
,concord4        ,,t54--,fidelity4      
,lov]s4 ,fri5d%ips4 ,trea*]y4           
,,n9e4--,good news4 ,tid+s4 ,lett]s4    
,visits4        ,,eight4--,hon\rs4      
,approbation4 ,jeal\sy4 ,mis]y4         
,,sev54--,pa94 ,slight illness4 ,recov]y
 f illness4 ,heal?4        ,,six4--,good
 =tune4 ,happ9ess4 ,rev]ses4 ,tr\bles4  
,) ?is key to ! int]pretation ( ! c>ds1 
z arrang$ accord+ to  ,mlle4 le ,norm&'s
 !ory1 !y may be read z foll[s1 c\nt+ on
 !  c>ds z !y fall ne> or f> f ! ,ace ( 
,he>ts4 ,if !y are above  or close to & 
on ! "r1 !y mean ! fir/ description2 if 
on !  left1 !y signify ! second "o4 ,if 
bel[ on ! "r1 ! ?ird  description is !  
"o to be tak51 & if bel[ on ! left1 !   
f\r?4    ,suppose a "y man is ! inquir]1

 & ! c>ds be dealt z foll[s3            
,,fir/ ,,r[4--,six ( ,diamonds1 ,n9e (  
,clubs1 ,sev5 ( ,he>ts1 ,sev5 (         
,diamonds1 ,t5 ( ,spades1 ,que5 (       
,clubs1 ,ace ( ,he>ts1 ,t5 ( ,clubs4    
,,second ,,r[4--,six ( ,spades1 ,sev5 ( 
,spades1 ,eight ( ,clubs1 ,six (        
,clubs1 ,n9e ( ,spades1 ,k+ ( ,clubs1   
,ace ( ,clubs1 ,sev5 ( ,clubs4          
,,?ird ,,r[4--,k+ ( ,he>ts1 ,knave (    
,he>ts1 ,k+ ( ,diamonds1 ,que5      (   
,spades1 ,knave ( ,spades1 ,que5 (      
,diamonds1 ,six ( ,he>ts1 ,t5 (         
,diamonds4        ,,f\r? ,,r[4--,que5 ( 
,he>ts1 ,k+ ( ,spades1 ,ace ( ,spades1  
,eight (      ,diamonds1 ,k+ ( ,clubs1  
,eight ( ,he>ts1 ,k+ ( ,diamonds1 ,n9e (
      ,he>ts4        ,,fif? ,,r[4--,t5 (
 ,he>ts1 ,n9e ( ,diamonds1 ,eight (     
,spades1 ,ace (      ,diamonds4    ,?is 
c\ld be expla9$ ?r\gh ! key z be+ a "y  
man :o f  bir? _h be5 surr\nd$ by       
envi\s1 jeal\s1 & qu>relsome p]sons1  :o
 =m$ 8 "*1 lead+ to ! greate/ unhapp9ess
 9 !  family life4 ,! m>riage ( 8 p>5ts 

hav+ be5 un=tunate1 x  react$ on ! boy's
 welf>e4 ,a tru/$ fri5d or gu>dian /ole 
!  =tune t _h be5 left 9 tru/4 ,b1 end[$
 ) good heal?1 ^!  tr\bles 7 disreg>d$ 9
 y\?4 ,8 "* be+ unbridl$1  caprici\s1   
frivol\s1 incon/ant1 peevi%1 & giv5 to  
imag9+  grievances1 al?\gh affectionate 
to 8 fri5ds1 8 disposition made him     
uncong5ial to mo/ p]sons4    ,secret    
enemies1 :o _h be5 tru/$ z fri5ds1      
embitt]$ 8 life 9 a  way t no?+ c\ld    
ov]come4 ,a long j\rney und]tak5 = !    
sake (  =getfulness 0 fill$ ) annoyances
 & mi%aps4 ,"s brightness  ent]$ into x 
?r\gh ! companion%ip ( a *>m+ woman1 :i*
 might  h result$ 9 a happy m>riage _h n
 ! jeal\s _s t  controll$ ! "y man's    
c>e] prev5t$4 ,an e>ly dea? is          
progno/icat$4    ,let u n[ consid] ! o!r
 me?od ( =tune-tell+1 :i* 0  foll[$ by  
,etteila1 a celebrat$ ,fr5* =tune-tell]1
 :o liv$ 9  ,p>is ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s   
s9ce1 :o wield$ a va/ influ5ce ov] 8    
compatriots1 :o firmly believ$1 z1      
inde$1 he did himself1 t he _h  discov]$

 ! key to ! ,book ( ,?o? ,h]mes         
,trismegi/us ?r\gh an old  pack ( ,t>ots
 t fell by *ance into 8 h&s4    ,x is   
said t ,napoleon ,bonap>te _h great fai?
 9 ! d$uctions &  revelations ( ?is     
ci-devant hairdress]'s appr5tice1 to :om
  ,joseph9e pres5t$ him4 ,! empress 0 an
 ignorant & cr$ul\s woman1  ow+ to h]   
education 9 ! ,we/ ,indian isl& ( h]    
bir?1 ! society  ( :i* 0 corrupt$ by    
,negro sup]/itions ( a mo/ complicat$ & 
f>-rea*+ "*4    ,etteila publi%$ a book 
call$ ,collection sur les ,hautes       
,sci5ces  7#aghj74 ,x includ$ an essay  
on ,! ,sublime ,book ( ,?o? t is n[  v  
r>e1 b he saw :at few o!rs _h se51 t    
,play+ ,c>ds 7 (  ,egyptian orig91      
al?\gh he fail$ entirely to trace _!    
progress  ?r\gh ! temples ( ,nebo & ,?o?
 to ! ,m]cury ( ! ,romans1 s1 (  c\rse1 
nev] connect$ ! pips ) ! emblems (      
,m]cury or  discov]$ t !y orig9at$ f !  
div9e comm&s giv5 to !  ,israelites1 z  
well z to ! desire ( primitive p to     
consult !  ,tablets ( ,fate t 7 inscrib$

 by ,nebo1 ! great god ( ,babylonia4    
,_m ( ! /atem5ts & beliefs ( ,etteila   
w\ld h d\btless be5  receiv$ ) great]   
cr$5ce if ^! tok5s _h be5 po9t$ out4 ,b 
,etteila decl>$ t he _h discov]$ !      
diff]5t subtle mean+s  connect$ ) !     
,t>ots1 & t he _h elucidat$ _m ( ! po9ts
  t _h previ\sly be5 obscure4 ,he       
c]ta9ly obta9$ a/oni%+  results :5      
consult+ ! ,t>ots1 or a set ( c>ds t 7  
probably  inv5t$ by himself1 & :i* are  
n[ r>e4 ,!y 7 adorn$ )  figures ( m5 &  
wom5 dress$ 9 ! fa%ion ( 8 day1 ) numb]s
  on !m1 b ) no pip m>ks4 ,!y 7 pr9t$ on
 a yell[-t9t$  pap]1 & :5 issu$ 7       
accompani$ by a small book ( rules = _! 
use 9 div9+4    ,papus1 9 8 ,t>ots ( !  
,bohemians1 hav+ dige/$ v>i\s works on  
! ,gypsies1 kabalism1 & occultism1 work$
 out _m rules = div9+  ) ! ,t>ots4 ,he  
places great reliance on magnetic       
curr5ts1 !  position ( ! />s1 & ! signs 
( ! zodiac1 sugge/+ a/rology1  b he f9ds
 ^! symbols 9 ! ,t>ots4 ,he also gives  
value to !  lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet 

9 connection ) ! ,at\ts1 b1 aft]  all1  
he decl>es t intuition plays a mo/      
important "p :5 read+  ! ,t>ots4    ,z  
has be5 po9t$ out1 ! ,book ( ,?o?1 or ! 
,t>ot pack1 is divid$  into two volumes1
 tw5ty-two leaves ( :i* are call$ ,at\ts
 & be>  symbolic figures m or less      
correctly describ$ by ! names writt5 on 
!m4 ,! fifty-six leaves ( ! second      
volume are divid$ into f\r  suits1      
namely3 ,cups1 ,swords1 ,rods1 & ,money1
 ) f\r c\rt c>ds to  ea* suit3 ,k+1     
,que51 ,knave1 & ,cavali]1 foll[$ by n9e
 numb]$  c>ds head$ by ! ,ace4    ,papus
 7page #cjh7 def9es ! mean+ ( ! suits z 
foll[s3        ,,rods4--,ent]prise1     
glory4        ,,cups4--,love1 happ9ess4 
,,swords4--,hatr$1 mis=tune4            
,,money4--,money1 comm]ce1 m]cantile    
int]e/s4    ,^! f\r sets ( pr9ciples mu/
 be rememb]$4 ,! f\r c\rt c>ds  repres5t
 p 9 g5]al or p>ticul> :o come 9 contact
 ) ea*  o!r dur+ ! ev5ts ( life4 ,! ,k+s
 repres5t m51 ! ,que5s  wom51 !         
,cavali]s y\?s1 & ! ,knaves *ildr54     

,! c\rt c>ds ( ! ,rod & ,sword suits    
repres5t d>k p1 :ile  ^? ( ! ,cup &     
,money suits repres5t light or fair p4  
,!  latt] are b5ign1 ! =m] indiff]5t or 
malignant4    ,! key to ! pip c>ds z    
giv5 by ,papus is z foll[s3             
,,rods4        ,creation4 ,ent]prise4   
,agriculture4 ,fire4        ,,k+4--,a   
d>k man4 ,a fri5d4 ,g5]ally m>ri$4 ,!   
fa!r ( a      family4                   
,,que54--,d>k woman4 ,a fri5d4 ,a s]i\s 
p]son4 ,a v good      c\nsellor4 ,! "m (
 a family4        ,,cavali]4--,a d>k "y 
man4 ,a fri5d4        ,,knave4--,a d>k  
*ild4 ,a fri5d4 ,also repres5ts a       
message or lett]      f a ne> relation4 
,,ace4--,comm5cem5t ( an ent]prise4     
,,two4--,opposition to ! beg9n+ ( an    
ent]prise4        ,,?ree4--,realization 
( ! comm5cem5t ( an ent]prise4 ,! basis 
(      ! "w is n[ def9itely e/abli%$1 & 
! und]tak+ c be      fe>lessly cont9u$4 
,,f\r4--,ob/acles to be prep>$ =4       
,,five4--,ob/acles surm\nt$4            
,,six4--,failure4        ,,sev54--,c]ta9

 success4        ,,eight4--,p>tial      
success4        ,,n9e4--,great success4 
,,t54--,unc]ta9ty4          ,,cups      
,pres]vation4 ,love4 ,in/ruction4 ,e>?4 
,,k+4--,a fair man4 ,a fri5d4 ,a b>ri/]1
 judge1 or ecclesia/ic4 ,a      ba*elor4
        ,,que54--,a fair woman4 ,! lov$ 
"o4 ,! mi/ress ( a h\se4                
,,cavali]4--,"y1 fair man4 ,a fri5d4 ,! 
lov] or ! lov$ "o4                      
,,knave4--,fair *ild4 ,a mess5g]4 ,a    
bir?4        ,,ace4--,comm5cem5t ( a    
love affair4        ,,two4--,opposition4
 ,unimportant ob/acles rais$ by "o ( !  
lov]s4        ,,?ree4--,mutual love4    
,,f\r4--,s]i\s ob/acles f o!rs4         
,,five4--,ob/acles ov]come4             
,,six4--,ob/acles insup]able4 ,wid[hood4
 ,sep>ation4        ,,sev54--,success & 
happ9ess4        ,,eight4--,jeal\sy &   
tr\ble4        ,,n9e4--,*ildr54         
,,t54--,unc]ta9ty4          ,,swords    
,trans=mation4 ,w>4 ,hatr$4 ,lawsuits4  
,air4        ,,k+4--,d>k bad man4 ,a    
soldi]1 an enemy1 or "o to be mi/ru/$4  

,,que54--,a d>k wick$ woman4 ,a gossip4 
,a calumniator4 ,jeal\s4                
,,cavali]4--,"y d>k man4 ,an enemy4 ,a  
spy4        ,,knave4--,a *ild4 ,an      
enemy4 ,bad news4 ,delay4               
,,ace4--,comm5cem5t ( enmity4           
,,two4--,enmity does n la/4             
,,?ree4--,hatr$4        ,,f\r4--,enemy  
defeat$4        ,,five4--,enemy triumphs
 at la/ mom5t4        ,,six4--,enemy    
p[]less4        ,,sev54--,enemy         
successful4        ,,eight4--,enemy only
 p>tially successful4                   
,,n9e4--,duration ( hatr$4              
,,t54--,unc]ta9ty 9 ! hatr$4        ,!  
c\rt c>ds g5]ally indicate an opposition
 rais$ outside ( !      home4           
,,money        ,developm5t4 ,money4     
,trade4 ,comm]ce4 ,j\rneys4 ,wat]4      
,,k+4--,fair man4 ,inimical or          
indiff]5t4        ,,que54--,a fair      
woman4 ,indiff]5t4        ,,cavali]4--,a
 "y1 fair man4 ,a /rang]4 ,an arrival4  
,,knave4--,a fair *ild4 ,a mess5g]4 ,a  
lett]4        ,,ace4--,comm5cem5t ( good

 =tune4 ,inh]itance4 ,gifts4 ,economy4  
,,two4--,difficulty 9 gett+ inh]itance  
or good =tune4        ,,?ree4--,a small 
sum ( money4        ,,f\r4--,loss (     
money4        ,,five4--,success com+ t w
 balance loss4        ,,six4--,ru94     
,,sev54--,a l>ge =tune4                 
,,eight4--,p>tial success4 ,great loss (
 money at la/ mom5t4        ,,n9e4--,a  
durable =tune4        ,,t54--,great     
successes & great rev]ses4    ,! pips ( 
! ,rod & ,cup suits indicate t :i* comes
 f )9 or  at home4 ,! pips ( ! ,money & 
,sword suits indicate t :i* comes  f    
outside or abroad4    ,9 ord] to        
practise c>d-read+ ) success1 ! ,book ( 
,?o? mu/ be  ma/]$ 9 e detail1 & e      
significance ( ea* ( !  sev5ty-eight    
leaves mu/ be committ$ to memory4 ,aft] 
?is ! lay+  out ( ! c>ds & ! read+ ( _! 
mean+ w\ld become me*anical1  7 x n t ! 
position ( ea* "o1 z well z ( ! surr\nd+
  c>ds1 is capable ( su* subtle &       
illusive connections t only ^?  well    
v]s$ 9 c>tomancy1 or1 p]haps1 inspir$ by

 ! dom9at+ g5ius  ( ,m]cury1 c translate
 _! import4    ,fir/1 !n1 ! direct mean+
 ( ea* c>d mu/ be rememb]$1 & !n  its   
significance :5 x is rev]s$2 ?irdly1 its
 value ow+ to its  position on ! table &
 :5 9 contact ) o!r c>ds mu/ be kn[n4   
,! c>d is read 9 "o way :5 x is requir$ 
to reveal ! "*1  & 9 ano!r :5 ! social  
position or ! ?\ghts ( ! inquir]  are to
 be reveal$4 ,! same c>d signifies1 "u  
o!r circum/ances1  pa/ or future ev5ts  
accord+ to its position4 ,a malignant   
c>d may be  entirely *ang$ if surr\nd$  
by b5ign c>ds4 ,?us ea* condition mu/   
be giv5 due weight :5 ! c>ds are be+    
consult$4    ,human life1 says ,papus1  
passes ?r\gh f\r great p]iods1 namely3  
*ildhood1 y\?1 maturity1 & old age2 s1  
:5 ! ,t>ots are be+  read ) reg>d to !  
pa/1 pres5t1 or future1 ?is is ! fir/ ?+
  to be dwelt ^u to ! exclusion ( e o!r 
significance t may be  se5 9 ! c>ds4    
,if1 h[ev]1 !y are be+ read reg>d+      
ev5ts1 x  w be se5 t comm5cem5t1 apogee1
 decl9e1 & fall are  repres5t$4    ,if a

 bus9ess transaction is ! subject (     
inquiry1 ! suit ( ,rods mu/  be ! "o    
select$1 s9ce x indicates creation1     
ent]prise1 agriculture1  art1 & ! elem5t
 ( fire4    ,if a love affair is be+    
inquir$ ab\t1 ,cups mu/ repres5t x4 ,!  
,cup  indicates in/ruction1 pres]vation1
 ! e>?1 & affection4    ,a lawsuit1     
qu>rel1 or tr\ble has ,swords = an      
emblem1 z !y d5ote  trans=mation1 hatr$1
 w>1 tr\ble1 & ! air4    ,bus9ess calls 
= ! ,money suit2 t typifies developm5t1 
trade1  comm]ce1 & wat]1 ) %ips1        
travell+1 & all t is connect$  )        
movem5t4 ,! ,money suit is sometimes    
nam$ ,p5tacles4    ,! ,cups & ,/aves    
d5ote ! h\se or ! home1 ! family or ne> 
relatives & fri5ds4 ,money typifies     
outsid]s1 or ! _w 9 g5]al1  or unkn[n   
p]sons4 ,swords may be ei!r close       
relations or ! public1  :i*ev] is       
indicat$ by ! surr\nd+ c>ds4    ,! ,at\t
 c>ds may be divid$ s t ! fir/ sev5 c>ds
 ref] to !  intellectual life ( man4 ,! 
next sev5 c>ds po9t to 8 moral          

condition1 & ! la/ sev5 ( ! ,at\ts      
decl>e ! v>i\s ev5ts (  8 life4 ,tak5 ) 
! pip c>ds1 a fair n>rative ( all       
conc]n+ !  ord9>y ev5ts ( life may be   
read 9 ! c>ds1 t is at lea/ curi\s  &   
amus+1 ev5 if no cr$5ce is plac$ 9 !    
revelations1 & ?is is  suppos$ to be :at
 ! anci5ts meant :5 !y decl>$ t ,m]cury 
_h  inv5t$ spee*1 lett]s1 & books4      
,,*apt] ,,xix    ,,read+ ,,! ,,book ,,( 
,,?o?      ,to consult ! ,t>ots1 !      
,initiate mu/ invite ! ,inquir] to      
designate  :at ! c>ds are to be ask$ to 
reveal1 &1 z has be5 m5tion$1 ?is  calls
 = ! selection ( "o ( ! f\r suits t 9   
?is case mu/ be  sep>at$ f ! o!r leaves4
 ,! suit select$ mu/ be %uffl$  ?or\ghly
 & cut by ! ,initiate1 :o !n passes !m  
to ! ,inquir]1  ) ! reque/ t !y be      
%uffl$ & cut ?ree times4 ,! c>ds are  !n
 rang$ or spread out on a table1 aft]   
:i* ! ,at\ts are %uffl$  & cut accord+  
to ! above directions1 to be dealt      
accord+ to !  rules ( ! game1 rememb]+ t
 ! fir/ c>d to ! left indicates         

comm5cem5t or *ildhood1 ! second "o to !
 "r & above x is  y\? or apogee1 ! ?ird 
on ! "r signifies decl9e or maturity1   
:ile ! f\r? position means old age or   
fall2 9 %ort1 pa/1 pres5t1  & future4   
,a simple way ( read+ ! c>ds is z       
foll[s3 ,) ! pip & ,at\t  c>ds %uffl$ & 
cut sep>ately1 ! ,juggl]1 or fir/ c>d ( 
!  ,at\ts1 mu/ be tak5 f ! pack & laid 9
 ! middle ( ! table1  s t ! o!r c>ds may
 be dealt ar\nd x2 = x repres5ts !      
,inquir]1 & ! c>ds t fall close to x    
reveal ! ev5ts 9 life  mo/ ne>ly        
connect$ ) him4    ,aft] ! c>ds are cut1
 ! ,inquir] may select sev5 c>ds f !    
,at\ts )\t look+ at !m4 ,! ,bagatleur   
repres5ts ! ,inquir]4  ,deal f\r ( !m "o
 by "o1 beg9n+ at ! left side1 s z to   
fill  ! foll[+ diagram3            ,,ii 
,i            ,,iii          ,,iv    ,!n
 take ?ree ,at\ts1 select$ )\t look+ at 
!m1 & place !m  9 ! c5tre1 z foll[s3    
,,ii    ,i   ,v   ,,vii   ,,vi   ,,iii  
,,iv    ,! la/ ?ree %[ pa/1 pres5t1 &   
future2 ! o!r f\r indicate  ! "* ( !    

p]son or ! ev5ts ab\t :i* ! c>ds are be+
  consult$4 ,! diagram dem&s sev5 ,at\ts
 besides ! ,bagatleur or  ,inquir]4     
,!n1 )\t see+ !m1 twelve pip c>ds mu/ be
 tak5 by ! ,inquir]  f ! suit t has be5 
select$1 & ^! mu/ be laid 9 a circle    
ar\nd ^? already 9 place1 comm5c+ on !  
left & work+  d[nw>ds & t[>ds ! "r4 ,!  
fir/ c>d %\ld be next to ,no4 ,i2  !    
f\r? %\ld be "u ,no4 ,,iv2 ! sev5? %\ld 
be opposite to !  fir/ "o & next to ,no4
 ,,iii2 ! t5? %\ld be on ! top1 above   
,no4  ,,ii1 :ile ! twelf? c>d falls     
beside ! fir/ "o1 complet+ !  circle4 ,!
 ,juggl] is !n suppos$ to be plac$ 9 !  
middle ( !  diagram or laid above !     
circle4    ,! twelve pip c>ds indicate !
 diff]5t phases ?r\gh :i* !  p]son w    
pass1 or ! evolution ( ! ev5ts dur+ !   
f\r great  p]iods ( life4 ,comm5cem5t is
 indicat$ by ! ,at\t 9 position ,no4 ,i2
  apogee1 by ! ,at\t 9 position ,no4    
,,ii2 decl9e or ob/acle1 by ! ,at\t  9  
position ,no4 ,,iii1 & fall1 by ! "o 9  
position ,no4 ,,iv4 ,!n !  ?ree o!r     

,at\ts indicate ! special "* ( ! p]son2 
9 !  pa/ by ,no4 ,v1 9 ! pres5t by ,no4 
,,vi1 9 ! future by ,no4 ,,vii4    ,!   
pip c>ds %\ld be /udi$ :]e ! future is  
indicat$ by ! c>ds  9 ! circle occupy+  
places f sev5 to twelve1 ! pres5t by ^? 
occupy+ positions f f\r to sev51 ! pa/  
by ^? occupy+  positions f "o to f\r4   
7,^! numb]s ref] to ! positions         
occupi$1 & nev] to ! numb] ( ! pips on !
 c>ds1 or to !  numb]s plac$ on !       
,at\ts47    ,! above is a %ort & hurri$ 
me?od ( consult+ ! c>ds1 b  ,etteila _h 
a second "o t 0 us$ :5 a :ole c>e] 0 to 
be  reveal$1 z well z ! "*1 or !        
influ5ce ( education1  fri5ds1 & family4
 ,x also indicat$ ! future position &   
*ief  ev5ts ( life4 ,9 %ort1 x 0 suppos$
 to be a repetition ( ! sc5e  :5 a "y   
man1 on rea*+ maturity made a solemn    
sacrifice 9 !  temple1 :5 ! ,tablets (  
,fate1 t _h be5 inscrib$ by ,nebo1      
,?o?1 or ,m]cury at 8 bir?1 7 consult$4 
,9 ?is way _! wi%es  7 obta9$ t %\ld    
gov]n 8 c>e] 9 life4 ,?is c]emony 0     

nev] repeat$1 al?\gh ! ord]s ( ! gods 7 
(t5 reque/$ on  p>ticul> occasions )\t  
go+ ?r\gh ! entire p]=mance or !  full  
consultation t _h be5 made at maturity4 
,accord+ to ,papus1 f\r deals are       
requir$ = ?is process (  div9ation1 b 8 
me?ods are unnecess>ily complicat$1 s !y
 may be  simplifi$ )\t alt]+ ! results4 
,%uffle all ! ,t>ots )\t mak+ any       
di/9ction betwe5 ! ,at\t  & ! pip c>ds4 
,let ! ,inquir] cut !m ?ree times1 & !n 
cut  !m 9 ?ree packets ( ab\t equal     
size4 ,take ! c5tral heap1 deal out     
tw5ty-six c>ds1 & lay !m to ! "r 9 a    
pile4 ,%uffle ^?  rema9+ ) ! re/ ( !    
pack1 & let !m aga9 be cut1 & !n  aga9  
cut into ?ree piles4 ,select ! c5tre &  
deal sev5te5 c>ds1  plac+ !m 9 a pile   
beside ! "o conta9+ ! tw5ty-six c>ds4   
,%uffle ! /ock aga9 toge!r1 & let !m be 
%uffl$ & cut z  be=e1 tak+ aga9 ! c5tre 
packet & deal+ elev5 c>ds4 ,collect  !  
rema9+ tw5ty-f\r c>ds & put !m aside4   
,?is is ! ,wid[1 or  ,/ock1 & ^! c>ds   
repres5t ! ev5ts t might h happ5$ 9  !  

life ( ! ,inquir]1 b 7 elim9at$ by luck 
or *ance1 &  ^! (t5 prove mo/ int]e/+4  
,! fir/ packet1 conta9+ ! tw5ty-six     
c>ds1 repres5ts ! s\l or  ! "* ( !      
,inquir]1 & ( ^? mo/ closely connect$ ) 
him4 ,! pile conta9+ ! sev5te5 c>ds     
repres5ts 8 m9d or !  ev5ts controll+   
him4 ,& ! pile ( elev5 c>ds repres5ts ! 
body1  ! ills or annoyances ( life1 or !
 ev5ts to take place1 su* z !  pr(ession
 to be *os51 ! j\rneys to be tak51 ) o!r
 happ5+s4    ,! c>ds %\ld be spread out 
on a table1 s t !y c easily be se5  &   
int]pret$ accord+ to _! value1 z giv5 on
 pages #jjj-jjj1 !  upp] r[ conta9+ !   
s\l pile1 ! second r[ ! m9d pile1 &  !  
?ird r[ conta9+ ! body pile4    ,f ?is  
sy/em1 says ,papus 7page #ccj71 ,etteila
 d$uc$ 8 subtle  argum5ts ^u ! creation 
( ! univ]se1 ! ,kabbalah1 & !           
,philosoph]'s /one4 ,if any p]son c     
emulate him 9 ^! d$uctions1  !y mu/ be  
wise 9 _! g5]ation1 & mu/ h e/abli%$    
direct  communication ) ! great god     
,nebo himself1 ! writ] ( ! ,tablets  (  

,fate4    ,= ! second deal1 ! :ole pack 
( sev5ty-eight c>ds mu/ be  %uffl$ & cut
 ?ree times4 ,deal sev5te5 c>ds1 lay+ !m
 on !  table face up4 ,!n take !        
eighte5? c>d & ! sev5ty-eigh? c>d  t    
%\ld be on ! bottom ( ! pack1 & ! mean+ 
( ^! two  c>ds1 says ,papus1 w tell y   
:e!r any fluidic sympa!tic              
communication is e/abli%$ betwe5 !      
,initiate & ! ,inquir]4 ,!n  ! sev5te5  
c>ds laid out c be deciph]$ & disclos$4 
,! ?ird deal is ,etteila's great figure1
 :i* gives ! key to !  pa/1 pres5t1 &   
future ( ! p]son ab\t ^: fate inquiry is
 be+  made4    ,take out ! ,at\t numb]$ 
,"o1 or ! ,juggl]4 ,deal t5 c>ds side by
  side on ! left ( ! table4 ,%uffle &   
cut ?ree times1 & !n deal  t5 m across !
 top4 ,!n %uffle1 cut1 & deal t5 m on ! 
"r  side1 ?us =m+ a holl[ squ>e1 ) !    
?irty ,at\t & pip c>ds  fall+           
indiscrim9ately1 b arrang$ side by side4
    ,deal ?irty c>ds 9 a r+ 9 ! c5tre1  
leav+ sev5te5 c>ds besides  ! ,juggl]1  
or on "o side = ! /ock1 :i* has ! mean+ 

ascrib$  to x 9 ! o!r deals4    ,to read
 ! c>ds1 !y mu/ be pick$ up "o by "o1   
beg9n+ ) !  la/ "o dealt on ! "r side ( 
! op5 squ>e & ! la/ "o (  ! r+1 expla9+ 
_! mean+ & significance z !y are plac$  
toge!r 9 pairs1 & !n disc>d+ !m         
entirely4 ,! tw5ty c>ds  t are fir/ tak5
 up relate to ! pa/4    ,! next tw5ty   
%\ld be lift$ 9 ! same way1 />t+ ) ! top
  c>d ( ! squ>e1 & mat+ x ) ! "o ne>e/ x
 ( ! c5tre  circle1 :i* %\ld be ! elev5?
 "o dealt4 ,^! tw5ty c>ds  repres5t !   
pres5t4    ,! rema9+ tw5ty c>ds1 t %\ld 
be select$ 9 ! same way1  =etell !      
future4    ,! f\r? deal is simple1 &    
?r\gh x answ]s may be obta9$ to any     
qu]ies t are put t h n be5 cov]$ by !   
?ree prec$+  revelations4 ,%uffle all ! 
c>ds toge!r & cut ?ree times4 ,!n deal  
sev5 c>ds f "r to left & read ! answ]4  
,papus decl>es t ! above sy/em (        
=tune-tell+ is bas$ ^u  ,etteila's me?od
 z giv5 9 8 ,book ( ,?o? t is v r>e1 &  
t 8 me?od has nev] be=e be5 s]i\sly     
elucidat$ by any ( 8  num]\s disciples4 

,papus1 !re=e1 is "o ( ! fir/ to expla9 
x  ^u simple pr9ciples1 :i*1 h[ev]1     
require fur!r simplification  to be     
practical1 probably ow+ to "s mispr9ts 9
 8 volume4    ,! mann] ( tell+ =tunes by
 c>ds1 accord+ to ! suppos$ rules  ( !  
prie/s ( ! temple ( ,?o?1 requires a    
complete pack ( ,t>ots  t are at pres5t 
difficult to obta94 ,spani%1 ,fr5*1 or  
picture c>ds  issu$ = games are )\t real
 value or connection ) "o ( !  e>lie/   
cults ( ! _w4 ,=tune-tell+ ) c>ds is    
useless unless  div9$ ?r\gh ! emblems ( 
,m]cury or 8 pr$ecessor1 ! great        
,egyptian god ,?o?1 by read+ ! signs &  
symbols pictur$ 9 8 ,book  ( ,?o? ,h]mes
 ,trismegi/us call$    ,,! ,,t>ots4