,,ma/]pieces ,,9 ,,col\r ,,edit$ ,,by - - ,t4 ,,leman ,,h>e ,,hans ,,meml9c 787 #adbe-adid ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,s]ies ,,arti/4 ,,au?or4 ,,velazquez4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,reynolds4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,turn]4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,romney4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,greuze4 ,,alys ,,eyre ,,mackl94 ,,botticelli4 ,,h5ry ,b4 ,,b9ns4 ,,rossetti4 ,,luci5 ,,piss>ro4 ,,bell9i4 ,,george ,,hay4 ,,fra ,,angelico4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,rembr&t4 ,,josef ,,israels4 ,,leighton4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,raphael4 ,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4 ,,holman ,,hunt4 ,,m>y ,e4 ,,col]idge4 ,,titian4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,millais4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,c>lo ,,dolci4 ,,george ,,hay4 ,,ga9sbor\gh4 ,,max ,,ro?s*ild4 ,,t9toretto4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,lu9i4 ,,james ,,mason4 ,,franz ,,hals4 ,,edgcumbe ,,/aley4 ,,van ,,dyck4 ,,p]cy ,m4 ,,turn]4 ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci4 ,m4 ,w4 ,,brockwell4 ,,rub5s4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,:i/l]4 ,t4 ,,m>t9 ,,wood4 ,,holbe94 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,burne-,,jones4 ,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4 ,,vig,e ,,le ,,brun4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,*>d94 ,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4 ,,fragon>d4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,meml9c4 ,w4 ,h4 ,j4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,weale4 ,,con/able4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,9 ,prep>ation ,j4 ,f4 ,,millet4 ,,p]cy ,m4 ,,turn]4 ,,alb]t ,d,,r]4 ,,h]b]t ,,fur/4 ,,raeburn4 ,,james ,l4 ,,caw4 ,,b\*]4 ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4 ,,watteau4 ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4 ,,murillo4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4 ,,john ,s4 ,,s>g5t1 ,r4,a4 ,t4 ,,m>t9 ,,wood4 ,,& ,,o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4--,,our ,,lady ,,& ,,*ild4 7,frontispiece7 ,"r panel ( a dipty*1 pa9t$ 9 #adhg = ,m>t9 van ,nieuw5hove4 ,x is n[ 9 ,sa9t ,john's ,hospital1 ,bruges4 ,,meml9c ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,j4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,weale ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,eight ,,reproductions ,,9 ,,col\r ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,sempit]num4 ,,london3 ,t4 ,c4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack ,,new ,,york3 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,co4 ,,cont5ts ,*ap4 ,page ,i4 ,hans ,meml9c #aa ,,ii4 ,e>ly ,days & ,tra9+ #ai ,,iii4 ,e>lie/ ,works #be ,,iv4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ,8 ,e>ly ,works #ca ,v4 ,! ,maturity ( ,8 ,art #cf ,,vi4 ,ma/]pieces & ,dea? #ec ,,vii4 ,effacem5t & ,v9dication ( ,8 ,types #ff ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,plate ,page ,i4 ,our ,lady & ,*ild1 #adhg ,frontispiece 7,sa9t ,john's ,hospital1 ,bruges7 ,,ii4 ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 #adgi #ad 7,sa9t ,john's ,hospital1 ,bruges7 ,,iii4 ,sa9ts ,*ri/oph]1 ,maurus1 & ,giles1 #adhd #bd 7,t[n ,museum1 ,bruges7 ,,iv4 ,portrait ( ,ni*olas di ,=zore ,sp9elli1 hold+ a m$al #cd 7,antw]p ,museum7 ,v4 ,portrait ( ,m>t9 van ,nieuw5hove1 #adhg 7companion to ,i47 #dj 7,sa9t ,john's ,hospital1 ,bruges7 ,,vi4 ,"o ,panel ( ! ,%r9e ( ,sa9t ,ursula1 #adhi #ej 7,sa9t ,john's ,hospital1 ,bruges7 ,,vii4 ,portrait ( an ,old ,lady #fj 7,l\vre1 ,p>is7 ,,viii4 ,! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ) ,sa9t ,george & ! ,donor #gj 7,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 ,no4 #fhf7 ,,meml9c ,i ,,hans ,,meml9c ,already1 be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,h\se ( ,burgundy1 ,bruges _h atta9$ ! height ( h] prosp]ity4 ,f a small milit>y outpo/ ( civilisation1 built to /ay ! advance ( ! ravag+ ,nor?m51 %e _h develop$ ?r\gh f\r %ort c5turies ( a /r5u\s exi/5ce into "o ( ! ?ree lead+ cities ( nor!rn ,europe4 ,born to battle1 fight+ _h be5 h] abid+ lot ) b scant int]vals ( peace1 & z x _h be5 "u ! rule ( h] long l9e ( ,flemi% c\nts1 s x cont9u$ ) increas$ vehem5ce dur+ ! c5tury ( ,fr5* dom9ation t foll[$1 ! incessant w>r+ ( suz]a9 & vassal be+ fur!r complicat$ & embitt]$ by int]nec9e /rife ) ! rival t[n ( ,gh5t4 ,b %e em]g$ f ! ordeal ) h] vitality unsapp$1 h] indu/rial capabilities unabat$1 h] comm]cial supremacy un%ak54 ,h] population _h rea*$ ! high total ( a hundr$ & fifty ?\s&2 %e ov]lord$ an outport ) a fur!r ?irty ?\s& inhabitants1 a seaport1 & a numb] ( subord9ate t[n%ips4 ,! /aple ( wool 0 e/abli%$ at h] c5tre1 & %e 0 ! *ief emporium ( ! cities ( ! ,hanseatic ,league4 ,vessels f all qu>t]s ( ! globe cr[d$ h] h>b\rs1 h] bas9s1 & canals1 z _m z "o hundr$ & fifty be+ ent]$ inw>ds 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,factories ( m]*ants f sev5te5 k+doms 7 settl$ !re z ag5ts1 & tw5ty =eign consuls _h palatial resid5ces )9 h] walls4 ,h] indu/rial life 0 a m>vel ( organisation1 :]e fifty-f\r incorporat$ associations or guilds ) a memb]%ip ( _m ?\s&s f\nd con/ant employm5t4 ,! arti/ic temp]am5t ( ! p _h necess>ily develop$ on ! rud] l9es1 9 ! ar*itectural embelli%m5t ( ! city1 ! beautify+ ( its squ>es & /reets1 its *ur*es & *apels1 its municipal build+s & guild halls1 its m>kets & canal embankm5ts4 8,! squ>es10 we are told1 87 adorn$ ) f\nta9s1 its bridges ) /atues 9 bronze1 ! public build+s & _m ( ! private h\ses ) /atu>y & c>v$ "w1 ! beauty ( :i* 0 height5$ & br\ght out by poly*rome & gild+2 ! w9d[s 7 ri* ) /ori$ glass1 & ! walls ( ! int]iors adorn$ ) pa9t+s 9 di/emp]1 or hung ) gorge\s tape/ry40 ,b ( ! highe/ =ms ( ,art--( lit]ature1 ( music1 & ( pa9t+--!re 0 sl5d] tok54 ,! atmosph]e 9 :i* ! ,flem+s _h pursu$ _! de/9ies 0 little calculat$ to develop any o!r ?an ! h>d] & m matt]-(-fact side ( _! nature4 ,true1 "h z else:]e1 & f ! e>lie/ p]iod ( h] hi/ory ! great mona/ic in/itutions :i* dott$ ! c\ntry _h done mu* = ! cultivation ( ,art1 z ! rema9s ( wood sculpture1 mural pa9t+s1 & num]\s illum9at$ manuscripts amply te/ify4 ,b no great s*ool ( pa9t+ _h aris5 or 0 ev5 possible1 s true is x t ! developm5t ( ! arti/ic in/9cts ( ! community require ! contemplative repose & fo/]+ inspiration ( peace4 ,9 ! true/ s5se ( ! t]m ! ,flem+s 7 n a cultur$ arti/ic race3 !y _h c]ta9ly a high /&>d ( ta/e1 b _! arti/ic s5se 0 appreciative r ?an creative--ev5 s1 a notable advance = a nation ( w>riors & m]*ants4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi4 ,?is1 "o ( ! ma/]'s f9e/ works1 0 pa9t$ 9 #adgi = ,bro!r ,john ,flore9s1 ,ma/] ( ,sa9t ,john's ,hospital1 ,bruges1 :]e x may be se54 ,) ! succession ( ! ,h\se ( ,burgundy to ! ,fr5* dom9ation an entirely new era 0 u%]$ 94 ,if ! ambition ( ?is new l9e ( pr9ces 0 unb\nd$1 equally s 0 ! success :i* att5d$ its pursuit2 _! au?ority increas$ by leaps & b\nds1 & soon _! c\rt _h become ! weal?ie/ & mo/ p[]ful 9 ,europe4 ,! high notions !y ent]ta9$ ( _! own dignity brook$ no compe] 9 ! pomp & glitt] ( _! /ate4 ,! display ! guild & m]*ant pr9ces & =eign repres5tatives 7 capable ( !y %\ld outdo3 ! spl5d\r ( _! sov]eignty %\ld blur ! brilliancy ( m]e civic o/5tation4 ,b :ile !y revell$ 9 ! outw>d %[ ( _! supremacy1 !y view$ ) jeal\s eye ! great weal? & l>ge measure ( lib]ties enjoy$ by _! subjects4 ,_! ne$s 7 great1 ! res\rces ( ! p comm5surate2 & 9 ! alt]nate confiscation & resale ( ^! lib]ties !y f\nd a remun]ative s\rce ( rev5ue4 ,b if ! dukes 7 arrogant & unscrupul\s1 _! subjects 7 no crav5s1 & civic %rewdness (t5 prov$ m ?an a mat* = ducal craft4 ,a f9e s5se ( hum\r1 h[ev]1 sugge/$ ! policy ( keep+ ^! lu/y burgh]s fully div]t$ ! :ile !y 7 n be+ bl$ or *a/5$3 h5ce ! con/ant recurr5ce ( pacifications & triumphal entries1 ( regal processions & gorge\s t\rnam5ts1 ( public banquets & bewild]+ revels4 ,x 0 an era ( pomp & pageantry unp>allel$ 9 hi/ory1 ! success ( :i* requir$ ! s]vices ( ! highe/ tal5ts ( ! day--! =emo/ arti/s to enhance its magnific5ce1 ! lead+ writ]s to *ronicle its m>vels4 ,x 0 ,duke ,philip ,,iii4 :o requisition$ ! s]vices ( ,john van ,eyck & %[]$ on him b\nty & patronage1 & if 8 reign _h prov$ z unev5tful z x 0 ! rev]se1 ,philip's "n w\ld /ill survive 9 ! reflect$ glory ( ?is pr9ce ( pa9t+4 ,! decl9+ days ( ! great duke1 /rick5 ) imbecility1 c]ta9ly (f]$ no inducem5t to =eign arti/s on ! look\t = c\rt patronage4 ,b ) 8 dea?1 on ! #ae? ( ,june #adfg1 ! entire prospect 0 *ang$4 ,*>les ! ,bold n[ succe$$ to ! duk$om3 8 solemn entry into ! ,flemi% capital took place on ,palm ,sunday ( ! ye> foll[+--an occasion m>k$ by brilliant j\/s & t\rnam5ts--& 8 home-com+ ) 8 bride1 ,m>g>et ( ,york1 "s ?ree mon?s lat]4 ,^! ev5ts1 ! m>riage fe/ivities notably1 call$ = a great array ( tal5t1 & among ! lead+ arti/s engag$ 9 plann+ & execut+ ! magnific5t decorations indulg$ 9 we f9d ,pet] ,c\/a9 & ,john ,h5nequ>t1 ! ducal pa9t]s2 ,james ,d>et & ,philip ,truff9 ( ,t\rnay2 ,francis ,/oc & ,liv9 van ,la!m ( ,brussels2 ,daniel ,de ,rycke & ,hugo ,van d] ,goes ( ,gh5t2 ,gov>t ( ,antw]p2 & ,john ,du ,*teau ( ,ypres4 ,& "h ,hans ,meml9c ent]s on ! sc5e1 already !n a ma/]-pa9t] & accompli%$ arti/1 b ( :om no previ\s record1 ( ^: lifework no e>li] trace1 has be5 discov]$4 ,,ii ,,e>ly ,,days ,,& ,,tra9+ ,z to :]e & :5 ,meml9c 0 born1 :]e he s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip1 & ) :om he work$ z a j\rneyman no docum5t>y evid5ce has yet be5 discov]$1 & no "o c confid5tly ass]t2 b !re exi/s a suffici5cy ( presumptive evid5ce to w>rant c]ta9 conclusions ) ! help ( :i* to con/ruct a work+ biography4 ,x appe>s probable t ! family came f ,memelynck1 ne> ,alkma>1 9 nor? ,holl&1 & settl$ at ,deuti*em1 9 ,gueld]l&2 &1 on ! /r5g? ( an entry copi$ f ! di>y kept by an ecclesia/ical not>y & cl]k ( ! ,*apt] ( ,sa9t ,donatian at ,bruges dur+ ! ye>s #adia to #adih1 t !y subsequ5tly remov$ to ! ecclesia/ical pr9cipality ( ,ma9z4 ,! subject ( ?is monograph is likely to h be5 born1 at "s date betwe5 #adbe & #adce1 ei!r at "s place )9 t pr9cipality1 or at ,deuti*em previ\s to 8 p>5ts' removal4 ,f our k ( ! guild sy/em :i* obta9$ 9 ! middle ages ?r\gh\t ! nor? ( ,europe ) b slight v>iation 9 ! conditions ( tra9+ & appr5tice%ip1 & tak+ into consid]ation besides ! typical *>act]i/ics ( ,meml9c's "w1 x appe>s probable t he s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip at ,ma9z1 & aft]w>ds work$ at ,cln z a j\rneyman1 & ?is op9ion is confirm$ by ! out/&+ fact t 9 all ! weal? ( ar*itectural embelli%m5t 9 :i* 8 pictures ab\nd ! only t[n outside ,bruges ^: build+s are fai?fully reproduc$ is ?is not$ c5tre ( art4 ,t he %\ld h travell$ ?i!r = ! especial purpose ( secur+ an accurate backgr\nd = ! fir/1 fif?1 & six? panels ( ! ,%r9e ( ,sa9t ,ursula1 & n h c>$ to obta9 z fai?ful sett+s = ! incid5ts ( ! second & f\r? panels ascrib$ to ,basel1 or = t ( ! ?ird panel locat$ at ,rome1 w sc>cely /& ! te/ ( criticism4 ,a /udy ( ^! panels evid5ces an intimate acqua9tance ) ! ar*itectural beauties ( ,cln1 a k obvi\sly acquir$ at fir/ h& dur+ a p]iod ( 8 life devot$ to ,art4 ,! ma/] "u :om he work$ 0 9 all probability ! ,suabian1 ,/eph5 ,l!n]1 ( ,m]sburg1 ne> ,con/ance1 :o _h settl$ 9 ,cln be=e #addb1 & di$ !re 9 #adeb4 ,x is presumable t ,meml9c may n h complet$ 8 /udies at ! "t ( t pa9t]'s dea?4 ,9 ! circum/ances "o c b conjecture z to :]e he complet$ ! necess>y tra9+ be=e atta9+ to ! rank ( a ma/]-pa9t]4 ,vas>i & ,guicci>d9i bo? ass]t t ,meml9c 0 at "s "t or o!r a pupil ( ,rog] ,de la ,pa/ure 7,van d] ,weyd571 &1 z ?is ma/] return$ f ,italy 9 #adej1 he may h come across ,meml9c at ,cln & engag$ him z an assi/ant4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 q possible t ,meml9c /ay$ on at ,cln until ,l!n]'s dea? 9 #adeb & !n w5t to ,brussels1 d\btless pass+ by ,l\va9 & possibly work+ = a "t "u ,dirk ,b\ts4 ,c]ta9 x is1 judg+ f ! _m po9ts ( simil>ity 9 _! "w1 t ,meml9c came "u ,rog]'s influ5ce = a space suffici5tly long to leave a /rong impress ( t ma/]'s me?ods on 8 art4 ,meml9c's contempor>y1 ,rumwold ,de ,dopp]e1 has left x on record t he 0 8!n consid]$ to be ! mo/ skilful & excell5t pa9t] 9 ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom02 & if ,meml9c _h left no?+ to p]petuate 8 fame b su* gems z ! ,%r9e ( ,sa9t ,ursula1 at ,bruges1 ! 8,passion ( ,our ,"l10 9 ! ,royal ,museum at ,tur91 t rem>kable alt>piece1 8,*ri/ ! ,light ( ! ,_w10 9 ! ,royal ,gall]y at ,muni*1 or ev51 z ,from5t9 sugge/s1 only ^? two figures ( ,sa9t ,b>b>a & ,sa9t ,ka!r9e 9 ! l>ge alt>piece at ,bruges1 he w\ld ne$ no?+ ( ! reflect$ glory ( 8 alleg$ ma/] to enhance 8 r5[n4 ,always assum+ ,meml9c to h /ood 9 ?is relation to ,de la ,pa/ure1 ,sir ,m>t9 ,conway came to a happy conclusion :5 he wrote t ,rog]'s greate/ glory is t he produc$ su* a pupil--8t ,meml9c ! arti/ 0 ,rog]'s greate/ "w40 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,sa9ts ,,*ri/oph]1 ,,maurus1 ,,& ,,giles4 ,?is1 ! c5tral panel ( an alt>piece1 pa9t$ 9 #adhd = ,william ,moreel1 ,burgoma/] ( ,bruges1 is n[ 9 ! ,t[n ,gall]y at ,bruges4 ,,iii ,,e>lie/ ,,works ,! fir/ pa9t+ to bespeak 8 indu/ry is n[ suppos$ to h be5 ! fam\s tripty* ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,m>y at ,danzig1 comm5c$ aft] #adfe & f9i%$ 9 #adgb or e>ly 9 #adgc4 ,few pictures h evok$ m controv]sy or be5 c\pl$ ) ! names ( m arti/s ?an ! ,danzig tripty*4 ,! entry 9 a local *ur* regi/] ( #afaf :i* ass]ts t x 0 pa9t$ 9 ,brabant by ,john & ,george van ,ei*51 an ascription v>i$ at a subsequ5t p]iod by sub/itut+ ! "n ( ,james = ,john1 c>ries no m weight ?an usually atta*es to popul> traditions1 & 0 g5]ally disreg>d$ by ! connoisseurs & exp]ts :o h debat$ ! "q = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! names ( ,alb]t van ,ouwat]1 ,mi*ael ,wohlgemu?1 ,hugh ,van d] ,goes1 ,hub]t & ,john van ,eyck1 ,rog] ,de la ,pa/ure1 & ,dirk ,b\ts h all be5 canvass$ ) m or less assurance4 ,meml9c's "n 0 fir/ associat$ ) ! "w 9 #ahdc1 by ,ho?o1 ^: op9ion met ) wide acceptance1 a notable conv]t to 8 view be+ ,dr4 ,waag51 :o 9 #ahfj decl>$ ! tripty* to be 8n only ! mo/ important "w by ,meml9c t has come d[n to our "t1 b also "o ( ! ma/]pieces ( ! :ole s*ool1 be+ f> ri*] & bett] compos$ ?an ! picture ( ! same subject by ,rog] ,de la ,pa/ure at ,beaune1 ?\gh t ma/]'s influ5ce is /ill p]ceptible10 ?\gh two ye>s lat] he recognis$ 9 ! figures ! influ5ce ( ,dirk ,b\ts2 & 9 #ahii ,kmm]] z emphatically decl>$ t 8no "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ,meml9c's au!ntic works c possibly d\bt t ?is picture is ! "w ( 8 h&40 ,9 ! abs5ce ( contempor>y docum5t>y evid5ce1 & ) ! donors ( ! picture /ill unid5tifi$1 confront$ moreov] ) ! fact t 9 its composition ! ,danzig tripty* diff]s altoge!r f ,meml9c's au!nticat$ pa9t+s1 _m exp]i5c$ judges /ill hesitat$ to admit ! claim put =w>d 9 8 behalf4 ,b ! rec5t discov]ies made by ,dr4 ,a4 ,w>burg leave little room = d\bt4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury !re 0 a consid]able ,italian colony at ,bruges1 & ! p[]ful ,flor5t9e firm ( ! ,m$ici1 ^: ramifications ext5d$ ov] all ,europe1 _h a bran* e/abli%m5t !re 9 ! "n ( ,pi]o & ,giovanni de' ,m$ici1 ! act+ manag] ( :i* f #adee to #adff 0 ,angelo di ,jacopo ,tani1 :o1 aft] s]v+ z bookkeep] ( ! firm's ag5cy 9 ,london1 _h be5 transf]r$ to ,bruges 9 #adej4 ,tani may h tak5 ,meml9c into 8 h\sehold ) a view to ! production ( ! tripty* "u 8 own eye4 ,! abs5ce ( ,meml9c's "n f ! guild regi/]s ( ! p]iod l5ds probability to ! !ory t he 0 employ$ by ,*>les ! ,bold1 = ducal s]vice exempt$ pa9t]s settl+ 9 ,bruges f ! obligation ( pur*as+ ! "r ( citiz5%ip1 & ( becom+ memb]s ( ! local guild4 ,x is presum$ t ,tani engag$ ,meml9c's s]vices at "s date aft] #adfe to pa9t or1 if ! "w _h be5 comm5c$ by "s o!r pa9t]1 to complete ?is picture4 ,:ile ! dext] %utt]1 repres5t+ ! reception ( ! elect by ,sa9t ,pet] at ! gate ( ,heav51 c only h be5 design$ by a pupil ( ,l!n]1 x is equally c]ta9 t ! upp] portion ( ! c5tral panel mu/ h be5 design$ by "s "o :o _h work$ "u ,b\ts or ,de la ,pa/ure4 ,9 #adff ,tani visit$ ,flor5ce1 & !re m>ri$ ,ka!r9e1 daught] ( ,william ,tanagli4 ,z _! portraits & arms are on ! ext]ior ( ! %utt]s1 ^! _c h be5 comm5c$ be=e !y 7 bo? 9 ,bruges1 "s "t 9 #adfg1 ! date inscrib$ on ! slab cov]+ a tomb on :i* a woman is seat$4 ,! te*nique & col\r+ ( ! entire "w are ,ne!rl&i%1 & 9 ! op9ion ( ! mo/ tru/wor?y critics are c]ta9ly ! "w ( ,meml9c4 ,! pa9t+ complet$1 x 01 at ! comm5cem5t ( #adgc1 despat*$ by sea to ,flor5ce1 b ! vessel be>+ x 0 captur$ by freeboot]s1 & ! picture z "p ( ! prize c>ri$ (f to ,danzig4 ,! patronage ( ! ag5t ( ! ,m$ici 0 ( c\rse ( incalculable advantage to a ris+ arti/1 & d\btless x s]v$ to secure = ,meml9c ! int]e/ ( ,sp9elli ( ,arezzo--^: portrait1 n[ 9 ! van ,ertborn collection at ! ,antw]p ,museum1 he pa9t$ 9 ! latt] half ( #adfg or ! beg9n+ ( #adfh1 :5 ?is ,italian m$alli/ 0 9 ! s]vice ( ,*>les ! ,bold z seal engrav]--& to br+ 8 gr[+ reputation to ! notice ( ! ducal c\rt4 ,! negotiations = ! h& ( ,m>g>et ( ,york1 begun 9 ,decemb] #adff1 & unduly protract$ ow+ no d\bt to ! m5tal incapacity ( ,duke ,philip ,,iii41 7 ( c\rse resum$ at ! expiration ( ! p]iod ( c\rt m\rn+ aft] 8 dea? on #ae? ,june #adfg4 ,foll[+ ! example ( 8 fa!r1 ,*>les may h commission$ ,meml9c to accompany 8 ambassadors to ! ,engli% c\rt = ! purpose ( secur+ an up-to-date portrait ( 8 int5d$ consort4 ,9 ! circum/ances ,meml9c w\ld c]ta9ly h made ! acqua9tance ( ,sir ,john ,donne1 = ! ,donnes 7 ard5t ,yorki/s high 9 ! royal fav\r1 & moreov] ! bro!r ( ,sir ,john's wife1 ,william1 fir/ ,"l ,ha/+s1 fill$ ! (fice ( ,"l ,*amb]la9 to ! k+4 ,b ! tripty* 9 ! ,*atswor? collection1 ?\gh ! outcome ( ?is meet+1 c\ld n h be5 execut$ at ! "t1 z ! p]iod ( ,meml9c's visit w\ld h be5 re/rict$ to c>ry+ out ! ducal in/ructions4 ,an opportunity = ! necess>y sitt+s 0 af=d$ lat]1 :5 ,sir ,john ,donne1 accompani$ by 8 wife & daught]1 j\rney$ to ,bruges 9 ! suite ( ! pr9cess to assi/ at ! w$d+ celebrations 9 ,july #adfh4 ,! omission ( ! sons f ! family gr\p 9 ! tripty* is suffici5tly acc\nt$ = by ! fact t !y 7 9 ,wales at ! "t4 ,,iv ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,8 ,,e>ly ,,works ,to ! art /ud5t ^! e>lie/ ( ,meml9c's pa9t+s--! ,donne tripty* 9 p>ticul>--are replete ) int]e/4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y atte/ ! p[]s !n already at ! pa9t]'s comm& z an expon5t ( 8 art1 & !y fur!r s]ve z a /&>d ( comp>ison by :i* to judge 8 aft]work4 ,meml9c 0 pre-em95tly a religi\s arti/1 deeply imbu$ ) ,scriptural lore & well v]s$ 9 hagiography1 a fund ( k sublimat$ 9 ! beautiful my/icism ( ! s*ool ( ,cln :i* _h e>ly subjugat$ 8 poetic temp]am5t4 ,8 conception ( ! ,madonna1 bas$ on a f]v5t appreciation ( ! purity1 ! t5d]ness1 & ! maje/y ( h] nature 0 deeply root$1 & x l$ him to evolve ! def9ite type :i* he pres5ts to u 9 ! ,*atswor? picture1 to :i* he fai?fully adh]es h5ce=?1 at times enhanc+ its beauty--z witness ! tripty* 9 ! ,l\vre & ! alt>piece ( ,sa9t ,john's ,hospital at ,bruges--until 8 ideal culm9ates 9 t m>vell\s embodim5t ( h] supreme attributes pres]v$ to u 9 ! ,van ,nieuw5hove dipty*4 ,! ,div9e ,infant1 x is true1 may n appeal to "o 9 ! same way z d ! *>m+ pictures ( infant life 9 :i* ! s\!rn arti/s excell$4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! f9e m5 & intellectual wom5 ( ! race1 ! nor!rn type ( babyhood _c by any /ret* ( c\rtesy1 ap>t f a "m's lov+ weakness1 be describ$ z graceful4 ,/ill ,meml9c's conceptions ( ! ,infant ,savi\r rank high 9 po9t ( intellectuality1 ( expressiv5ess ( eye1 ( grace ( movem5t & *>m ( expression4 ,! ,donne tripty* besides1 f ! po9t ( view f :i* we are n[ consid]+ x1 is a valuable asset = ! /udy ( ! imp]sonations ( sa9ts :om we f9d con/antly recurr+ 9 8 pa9t+s3 to wit1 ,sa9t ,ka!r9e & ,sa9t ,b>b>a--7,from5t9's en?usia/ic appreciation ( ^! figures 9 ! l>ge alt>piece at ,bruges has already be5 quot$7--,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,sa9t ,john ! ,evangeli/1 & ,sa9t ,*ri/oph]4 ,! same may be said ( 8 angels4 ,tak5 f ano!r /&po9t1 ^! e>ly pa9t+s ( ,meml9c are invaluable te/imony ( 8 r>e gift = portraiture4 ,x 0 a gift :i* may almo/ be tak5 z ! specific appanage ( ! fifte5? c5tury pa9t]s ( ! ,ne!rl&i% s*ool4 ,"s1 l ,john van ,eyck1 us$ x ) scrupul\s exactitude1 scorn+ to veil ! palpable tru? t at ! mom5t & usually obtrud$ itself on 8 pa9/ak+ eye2 o!rs1 & ,meml9c prom95tly ( _! numb]1 lov$ r to seize on ! fitful manife/ation ( ! inn] man & to idealise him4 ,bo? arti/s1 tak+ !m z types1 7 hone/ & true to _! art1 not)/&+ t ! result+ tru? 9 ea* case is deceiv+1 except we h v p>ticul> in=mation reg>d+ ! individual portray$4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! ,tani & ,sp9elli portraits are f9e examples ( ! class1 ?\gh p]haps ,sir ,john ,donne's appeals to u m because ( ! full] k we h ( ! man4 ,& f9ally1 bo? ! ,antw]p & ! ,*atswor? pa9t+s af=d u beautiful examples ( ,meml9c's art z a l&scape pa9t]1 & 9 ?is respect c]ta9ly x may be safely ass]t$ t he nev] produc$ bett] "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,ni*olas ,,sp9elli ,,( ,,arezzo4 ,ni*olas ,sp9elli1 born #adcj1 0 9 #adfg-fh 9 ,fl&]s1 9 ! s]vice ( ,*>les ! ,bold z seal engrav]4 ,he di$ 9 #adii at ,lyons1 :]e ?is portrait 0 acquir$ by ,d5on4 ,he is depict$ hold+ a m$al1 %[+ a pr(ile head ( ! ,emp]or ,n]o1 ) ! inscription 8,,n]o ,c,l,a,v,dius ,c,,s> ,a,v,gustus ,g,e,r,manicus ,t,ribunicia ,pote/ati ,i,m,p,e,rator40 ,x 0 b\ght f ! heirs ( ,d5on by ,m4 van ,ertborn1 :o bequea!d x to ! ,museum at ,antw]p4 ,v ,,! ,,maturity ,,( ,,8 ,,art ,f ! consid]ation ( ^! ?ree works execut$ 9 ! sixties we pass on to a decade ( m notable a*ievem5t4 ,! public rejoic+s :i* _h inaugurat$ ! new reign 7 already dimm$ to recollection 9 ! disquiet+ civil & national complications t ensu$1 culm9at+ 9 ! disa/r\s battle ( ,nancy on #e? ,janu>y #adgg1 9 :i* ! ducal troops 7 put to r\t & ,*>les himself lo/ 8 life4 ,he 0 succe$$ by 8 only daught]1 ,m>y1 :o on #ai? ,augu/ ( ! same ye> by h] m>riage to ,maximilian1 son ( ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,iv41 br\ght ,fl&]s "u ! rule ( ! ,h\se ( ,au/ria1 & ?us involv$ ! ,flemi% burgh]s 9 t lam5table /ruggle :i*1 aft] _m alt]nations ( =tune1 0 "o ( ! *ief causes t l$ to ! d[nfall ( ,bruges4 ,meml9c1 z a newcom] )\t root$ int]e/s or /rong political b5t1 :olly wrapt 9 8 art1 naturally /e]$ cle> ( political entanglem5ts1 ?\gh ready en\gh on occasion to take 8 %>e ( ! public burd5 :i* ! =tune ( w> impos$1 z witness 8 contribution to ! loan rais$ to cov] ! exp5ses ( ! milit>y op]ations aga9/ ,france4 ,b 8 placid disposition %rank f ! heat & f]m5t ( public life1 ?\gh 8 sympa?ies no d\bt 7 all ) ! burgh]s & guildm5 ) :om he associat$1 among :om he f\nd ! mo/ lib]al support]s ( 8 art to ! exclusion ( c\rt patronage1 & f ^: womank9d he select$ a helpmate4 ,meml9c m>ri$ lat] 9 life ?an 0 ! cu/om ( 8 day1 :5 x 0 usual = craftsm5 to take unto !mselves a wife at ! expiration ( _! j\rneyman%ip1 aft] !y _h e/abli%$ _! compet5ce1 paid ! indisp5sable guild fees1 & tak5 ! no less ess5tial v[s to be> !mselves hone/ly & to lab\r _! "w z 9 ! sight ( ,god2 = x 0 only at "s date betwe5 #adgj & #adhj1 :5 already a man ( middle age1 t he l$ ,anne1 daught] ( ,l\is ,de ,valk5a]e1 to ! alt>4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e ! ye>1 b on ! #aj? ( ,decemb] #adie we f9d ! gu>dians ( ! ?ree *ildr5 ( ! m>riage act+ on _! behalf 9 ! local c\rts 9 ! w9d+-up ( _! fa!r's e/ate1 :i* at any rate proves t ! elde/ at t "t mu/ h be5 /ill a m9or1 or "u ! age ( five-&-tw5ty4 ,ap>t f 8 wife's d[ry1 ( :i* we h no k1 ,meml9c's circum/ances 7 !n already mu* above ! ord9>y1 = 9 #adhj out ( ! #bdg weal?ie/ citiz5s only #adj 7 tax$ at high] rates1 & x is on record t 9 ! same ye> he pur*as$ a l>ge /one h\se & two small] adjac5t ones on ! ea/ side ( ! ma9 /reet t leads f ! ,flemi% ,bridge to ! ramp>ts1 9 a qu>t] ( ! t[n mu* affect$ by arti/s1 & )9 ! ,p>i% ( ,sa9t ,giles1 b5ea? ! spread+ trees ( ^: peaceful ,god's acre he 0 to f9d an abid+ re/+-place "s f\rte5 ye>s lat]1 by ! side ( 8 old fri5d ! m9iaturi/ ,william ,vrelant1 :o pr$eceas$ him by "s ?irte5 ye>s1 to be jo9$ !re 9 aft] ye>s by _m ano!r em95t arti/1 su* z ,john ,prvo/1 ,lancelot ,blondeel1 ,pet] ,p\rbus1 & ,antony ,claeiss5s4 ,t he 0 a busy man ! record ( works t h come d[n to u f ?is decade alone amply te/ifies4 ,! 8,sa9t ,john ! ,bapti/10 9 ! ,royal ,gall]y at ,muni* 7#adgj72 ! exquisite little dipty* 8,! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ,*ild10 9 ! ,l\vre1 pa9t$ 7c4 #adge7 = ,john ,du ,celi]1 a memb] ( ! ,guild ( ,m]*ant ,groc]s1 ^: fa!r 0 a memb] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,fl&]s2 ! panel 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 :i* we reproduce2 ! magnific5t alt>piece 9 ! ,royal ,museum at ,tur9 pa9t$ = ,william ,vrelant 7#adgh72 ! fam\s tripty* execut$ = ! high alt> ( ! *ur* atta*$ to ! ,hospital ( ,sa9t ,john at ,bruges 7#adgi72 & ! tripty* 8,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi0 pres5t$ to ! ,hospital by ,bro!r ,john ,flore9s 7#adgi71 all belong to ?is p]iod3 :ile ) ! ye> #adhj are associat$ ! portraits ( ,william ,moreel & 8 wife1 9 ! ,royal ,gall]y at ,brussels2 t ( "o ( _! daught]s z ! ,sibyl ,sambe?a1 9 ,sa9t ,john's ,hospital2 ! m>vell\s composition 9 ! ,royal ,gall]y at ,muni*1 8,*ri/ ! ,light ( ! ,_w10 pa9t$ to ! ord] ( ,pet] ,bult9c1 a weal?y citiz5 ( ,bruges & a memb] ( ! ,guild ( ,tann]s2 & ! tripty* 8,! ,dead ,*ri/ m\rn$ by ,8 ,"m10 9 ,sa9t ,john's ,hospital--let alone ! num]\s o!r works attribut$ to him b n au!nticat$ or :i* h be5 lo/4 ,! b>e record1 h[ev]1 conveys b a feeble idea ( ! imm5sity ( ! lab\r ?is output involv$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4--,,m>t9 ,,van ,,nieuw5hove4 ,! companion ( ! pa9t+ reproduc$ 9 ,plate ,i41 & is 9 ! ,hospital ( ,sa9t ,john4 ,! panel 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 :i* may be ascrib$ to #adge1 arre/s our att5tion = ! mom5t4 ,x pres5ts to u ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 attitudes closely correspond+ to ^? 9 ! e>li] ,donne tripty*1 b bo? are m pleas+ figures 9 respect ( pose1 ! attitude ( ! ,madonna 9 p>ticul> be+ less con/ra9$ & ! expression happi] & m natural4 ,! figure ( ! angel too has ga9$ 9 gracefulness4 ,! donor "u ! patronage ( ,sa9t ,george appeals to "o z a liv+ p]sonality4 ,( ^! two figures a lady critic compla9s t !y are 8*>act]i/ic examples ( ,meml9c's inability to depict a really manly man02 & %e endeav\rs to give great] po9t to ?is criticism by contra/+ ! pa9t]'s me?ods ) ^? ( ,john van ,eyck1 :olly ( c\rse to ! disadvantage ( ! =m]4 ,9 ! pres5t case ! id5tity ( ! donor rema9s a my/]y3 he may n h be5 ! really manly man ! ideali/ w\ld require1 & also he may h be5 ! man ( rev]5t & sweet disposition reveal$ to u 9 ?is portrait4 ,x is = ! s(t5+ & idealisation ( ! face f ! reality1 h[ev]1 t fault is commonly f\nd ) ,meml9c z a portrait-pa9t]4 ,b1 aft] all1 :at is ?is idealisation ( ! subject b ! highe/ aim & true/ concept ( art8 ,x is no difficult matt] = ! compet5t pa9t] to produce a c\nt]p>t ( ! outw>d fle% ) all its peculi>ities1 ev5 to ! la/ wr9kle & ! lea/ significant blemi%1 & be aw>d$ ! palm = 8/]n realism02 b to conceive ! inn] s\l ( ! man1 to seize & fix t conception on panel or canvas1 surely t is ! high] art8 ,x is true t 9 ! m5 :om ,meml9c portray$ !re is a m>k$ simil>ity ( expression1 aris+ obvi\sly f ! fact t !y are usually pictur$ 9 an attitude ( devotion1 & t 9 ! frame ( m9d ?is attitude impos$ !y suff]$ "s loss ( workaday individuality4 ,b surely x is n to ,meml9c's discr$it t 8 cli5ts 7 ( ! devotional ord]8 ,nor is ! criticism ( ! ,sa9t ,george z mild & effem9ate any m to ! po9t2 = :5 ! appeal is f ,meml9c to ,van ,eyck "o is =cibly rem9d$ ( ! votive picture ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild by t ma/] 9 ! ,t[n ,gall]y at ,bruges1 9 :i* we h ! donor "u ! patronage ( a ,sa9t ,george :om = %e] inanity ( expression & utt] awkw>dness ( demean\r x w\ld be h>d to beat4 ,& yet 9 nei!r in/ance1 we may safely assume1 0 ! figure ! type ! arti/ w\ld h creat$ = ! valiant knight ( ! leg5d4 ,ap>t f ?is1 a c>eful /udy ( ,meml9c's _m works w reveal to ! mo/ exact+ a suffici5cy ( evid5ce t 8 art 0 equal to any dem&s t might h be5 made ( x2 ( 8 pref]5ce = ! mild] & m religi\s type ( man1 h[ev]1 !re c be no d\bt4 ,x 7 idle to speculate z to ! l5g? ( "t ,meml9c devot$ to ! production ( 8 pictures1 see+ ! meagr5ess ( ! data af=d$ u = ! purpose4 ,8 peculi> te*nique1 h[ev]1 :i* avoid$ ! acc5tuation ( light & %ade1 & !reby simplifi$ ! s*eme ( col\r+1 l5t itself to rapid execution4 ,ev5 s1 pa9t+s l ! alt>piece 9 ! ,royal ,museum at ,tur9 & t 9 ! ,royal ,gall]y at ,muni* mu/ h made heavy calls on 8 "t ?r\gh a numb] ( ye>s4 ,z examples ( ! p[]s & weal? ( res\rce ( ! arti/ ^! ma/]pieces /& almo/ alone4 ,! ar*itectural sett+ ( ! =m]1 a :olly imag9>y ,j]usalem1 is s contriv$ z to assi/ 9 ! mo/ natural mann] ! precession ( ! ,gospel /ory f ! triumphal entry into ! ,holy ,city to ! ,resurrection & ! manife/ation ( ,*ri/ to ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,z )\t consci\s ef=t ! eye is guid$ along ! l9e ( r\te foll[$ by ! ,r$eem]1 "o treads 9 imag9ation 9 ! ,div9e foot/eps ?r\gh ! hosannah+ multitude 9 ! extreme backgr\nd on ! "r1 & turn+ to ! left arrives at ! ,temple /eps 9 "t to witness ! ca/+ out ( ! buy]s & sell]s2 desc5d+ !nce & be>+ gradually t[>ds ! "r a turn ( ! /reet leads "o to ! sc5e ( ! ,la/ ,supp]1 :i* ,judas has already left to conf] ) ! prie/s "u a neighb\r+ portico z to ! betrayal ( 8 ,ma/]2 & ev5tually "o arrives at ! ,g>d5 ( ,olives1 to be confront$ 9 rapid succession ) ! ,agony & ! picture ( ! sleep+ disciples1 ! ru% ( arm$ m51 ,judas' traitor\s kiss & ,pet] 9 ! act ( /rik+ at ,mal*us4 ,foll[+ ! multitude = "s little di/ance "o rea*es ! he>t ( ! city1 :]e ! successive incid5ts ( ! ,passion are gr\p$ ea* "u a sep>ate portico %[+ on to a spaci\s c\rty>d 9 ! v c5tre ( ! panel--,*ri/ be=e ,pilate & 8 expo/ulat+ wife1 ! ,flagellation1 ! ,cr[n+ ) ?orns & mock+ ( ,our ,"l1 ,*ri/ be=e ,h]od & ! ,ecce ,homo1 ) ! prep>ations = ! ,crucifixion go+ on ! :ile 9 ! op5 c\rty>d4 ,^! complet$1 ! m\rnful procession passes "u a palace gateway into ! =efront ( ! picture1 be>s to ! left & issues ?r\gh ! city gate1 :]e ! ,"m ( ,*ri/1 ! belov$ disciple1 & ! holy wom5 h ga!r$ toge!r1 into ! op5 c\ntry1 :]e at ! foot ( ! hilly way t skirts ! city walls ,simon ( ,cyr5e comes =w>d to relieve ! fall5 ,savi\r 9 ! burd5 ( ! ,cross2 pres5tly ! procession is lo/ to view at a b5d ( ! road only to reappe> on ! slopes ( ,calv>y1 :i* is triplicat$ "h = ! purpose ( re-enact+ ! ?ree sc5es associat$ ) x--( ! ,nail+ to ! ,cross1 ( ! ,dea? ( ,our ,"l1 & ( ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross4 ,l[] d[n on ! left we assi/ at ! ,entombm5t & at ! ,deliv]ance ( ! ,j f ,limbo1 & fur!r away we witness ! ,resurrection &1 9 ! f> backgr\nd1 ! manife/ation ( ,our ,"l to ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,view$ z a :ole x is a m>vel ( composition enhanc$ by a brilliancy ( col\r+1 & e sc5e 9 x a delicately f9i%$ m9iature4 ,ap>t f ! ar*itectural sett+1 ! ?ree ,calv>ies1 & ! duplication ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re impos$ by ! necessity ( repres5t+ bo? ! ,entombm5t & ! ,resurrection1 ! mo/ capti\s c discov] no?+ to abate ! en?usia/ic admiration :i* ?is alt>piece excites1 or "o's wond] at ! ma/]ful mann] 9 :i* ,meml9c has succe$$ 9 develop+ ! /ory ( ! ,passion 9 "s tw5ty sc5es necessitat+ ! introduction ( consid]ably ov] two hundr$ figures1 ap>t f ! animal & bird life t supplem5ts !m1 )9 ! n>r[ compass ( a panel only fifty-five c5timetres high by n9ety c5timetres 9 bread?6 ,! extreme corn]s ( ! =egr\nd are fill$ 9 ) exquisite portraits ( ! donors1 ! m9iaturi/ ,william ,vrelant & 8 wife1 = :om "o feels t ,meml9c has tri$ to excel himself 9 ?is ma/]work4 ,sc>cely less surpris+ z a composition is ! /ory 9 bright lum9\s col\rs told 9 ! ,muni* alt>piece1 a "w ( consid]ably l>g] dim5sions 7#hj by #ahj c5timetres71 commonly describ$ z 8,! ,sev5 ,joys ( ,m>y10 b = :i* ! m appropriate title has be5 sugge/$ ( 8,*ri/ ! ,light ( ! ,_w40 ,x is ! /ory ( ! manife/ation ( ,our ,"l to ! ,g5tile _w 9 ! p]sons ( ! ,wise ,m5 f ! ,ea/1 closely correspond5t1 z 0 ,meml9c's wont1 to ! ,gospel n>rative & ,*ri/ian tradition1 except p]haps 9 ?is "o respect1 t ! arti/'s innate love ( mov+ wat] has sugge/$ to him ! orig9al conceit ( depict+ ! dep>t+ ,magi z sett+ sail = _! di/ant homes across ! b\ndless wat]s4 ,?is portion ( ! backgr\nd & ! great] weal? ( surr\nd+ l&scape greatly relieves ! ar*itectural sett+1 :i* is n s ov]p[]+ z 9 ! ,tur9 alt>piece4 ,! composition too1 z becomes ! subject1 is teem+ ) ! joy ( life 9 v>y+ aspects4 ,"h we h ! gay cavalcade ) /ream+ bann]s gallop+ along ! road to ,be?lehem1 !re ! %eph]ds peacefully t5d+ _! flocks on ! grassy slope1 _! wat* beguil$ by ! /ra9s ( a bagpipe2 "h ! sc5e at ! ,mang]1 all love & devotion1 & ! runn+ /ream nigh by at :i* ! horses are be+ wat]$ ! :ile ! ,magi are mak+ _! act ( adoration1 !re ! k+s ) _! ret9ues triumphantly rid+ away ov] ! rocky heights2 anon we h ! sequ5ce ( miracles t att5d$ ! ,flight ( ! ,holy ,family into ,egypt--! :eat t grew & rip5$ 9 a day1 ! date-palm b5d+ to (f] its fruit to ! ,virg9 ,"m re/+ b5ea? its %ade :ile ! unsaddl$ ass grazes z x li/s & ,joseph fet*es wat] f a neighb\r+ spr+2 else:]e ! ris5 ,*ri/ appe>+ to ! fi%+ apo/les1 & f> beyond across ! wat]s 9 ! backgr\nd ! sett+ ( ! sun 9 all its glory4 ,e sc5e t l5ds itself to ! treatm5t has its beauty enhanc$ by ! beauties ( ,nature4 ,! "o sorr[ful incid5t 9 ! :ole /ory1 ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 is a m]e sugge/ion ( ?is cruel episode4 ,meml9c's nature %rank f ! int]pretation ( evil1 & 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance has admirably succe$$ 9 commemorat+ ! incid5t ( ! massacre )\t involv+ x 9 any ( its horror4 ,a pleas+ innovation may also be notic$ 9 ! treatm5t ( 8 portraits ( donors1 ,pet] ,bult9c & 8 son be+ introduc$ z dev\t spectators ( ! sc5e pres5t$ 9 ! /able at ,be?lehem1 :i* !y humbly contemplate ?r\gh an op5+ 9 ! wall4 8,! m "o exam9es ?is picture1 ! great] "o's a/oni%m5t at ! am\nt ( "w :i* ,meml9c has lavi%$ on x1 at ! exquisite beauty ( ! v>i\s sc5es1 ! m>vell\s +5uity display$ 9 sep>at+ !m "o f ano!r1 & ! skill ) :i* !y balance & are br\ght into "o h>moni\s :ole40 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,m>tyrdom ,,( ,,sa9t ,,ursula4 ,?is =ms ! eigh? panel ( ! fam\s %r9e1 complet$ 9 #adhi = ! ,hospital ( ,sa9t ,john at ,bruges1 :]e x may be se54 ,! ar*] is a portrait ( ! celebrat$ ,ds*em1 bro!r ( ! ,sultan ,bajazet1 tak5 prison] at ,rhodes 9 #adhb1 copi$ f a portrait 9 ! possession ( ,*>les ! ,bold4 ,! ,tur9 alt>piece 0 complet$ n lat] ?an #adgh1 9 :i* ye> ,william ,vrelant gave x to ! ,guild ( ,sa9t ,luke & ,sa9t ,john 7,/ation]s72 ! ,muni* "o at any rate "s "t be=e ,ea/] #adhj1 at :i* date ! donor pres5t$ x to ! ,guild ( ,tann]s4 ,b already !n ,meml9c _h und]tak5 ! tripty* 9 ! ,hospital ( ,sa9t ,john pa9t$ to ! ord] ( its spiritual ma/]1 ,bro!r ,john ,flore9s1 ackn[l$g$ to be te*nically ! mo/ p]fect "w he complet$ be=e ! end ( #adhj2 & also ! l>g] tripty* = ! high alt> ( ! ,hospital *ur*4 ,,vi ,,ma/]pieces ,,& ,,dea? ,mean:ile ! conte/ 9 :i* ! burgh]s ( ,bruges _h become involv$ ?r\gh ! disputes betwe5 ! ,/ates ( ,fl&]s & ,maximilian ov] ! gu>dian%ip ( 8 son1 0 precipitat+ ! decay ( ! t[n :i* ! rel5tless =ces ( ,nature _h long s9ce decre$4 ,z e>ly z #adaj ! navigation ( ! great hav5 ( ! ,zwijn _h become imp$$1 & s rapidly _h ! silt+ up advanc$ t be=e ! close ( ! c5tury no vessel ( any consid]able draught 0 able to ent] ! port ( ,damme4 ,entirely engross$ 9 ! safegu>d+ ( ! remnant ( _! privileges1 no s]i\s ef=t 0 made to combat ! mis*ief1 & 9 ! end ,bruges f\nd h]self absolutely cut (f f ! sea4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! enjoym5t ( peace & ! great] security x eng5d]$1 ,antw]p 0 sl[ly ass]t+ h]self & gradually attract+ to h] quays ! m]*ant pr9ces f ! littoral ( ! ,zwijn2 & z comm]ce imp]ceptibly gravitat$ t[>ds ! city by ! ,s*eldt ! =eign consuls "o by "o =sook ! doom$ emporium ( ! ,hanseatic ,league4 ,meml9c1 pursu+ ! ev5 t5or ( 8 life1 cont9u$ to produce ) unabat$ ard\r & undim9i%$ skill1 & ) ?is p]iod--! la/ f\rte5 ye>s ( 8 life--is associat$ ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all 8 works1 ! m>vell\s ,%r9e ( ,sa9t ,ursula1 ! gem ( ! priceless collection pres]v$ to ?is day 9 ! old *apt]-room ( ,sa9t ,john's ,hospital4 ,:5 ?is ma/]piece 0 fir/ und]tak5 we are n 9 a position to say1 b x 0 complet$ 9 #adhi1 & on ! #ba/ day ( ,octob] 9 t ye> ! relics = ^: safe keep+ x _h be5 design$ 7 deposit$ )9 x4 ,b to ! eighties belong o!r memorable productions4 ,9 #adhd 0 f9i%$ ! int]ior ( ! alt>piece = ! ,moreel *antry 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,james1 n[ h\s$ 9 ! ,t[n ,gall]y at ,bruges2 9 #adhg 0 pa9t$ ! portrait ( a man pres]v$ 9 ! ,gall]y ( ! ,(fices at ,flor5ce1 & also 0 complet$ ! wond]ful dipty* = ,m>t9 van ,nieuw5hove1 ^: portrait we reproduce z ! f9e/ example ( ,meml9c's "w 9 t p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( art2 & 9 #adij ! f9i%+ t\*es 7 put to ! picture 9 ! ,l\vre ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 to :om sa9tly patrons are pres5t+ ! family ( ,james ,flore9s1 a y\ng] bro!r ( ! donor ( ! tripty* pictur+ ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi :i*1 z we h se51 0 complet$ 9 #adgi4 ,b "w1 :i* always spelt happ9ess to ,meml9c1 meant some?+ m to him 9 ?is decade ( 8 c>e]4 ,dea? 9 #adhg robb$ him ( 8 wife4 ,"o pictures to oneself ! b]eav$ arti/ seek+ solace f ! grief ( 8 wid[$ home 9 int5sifi$ application to 8 art4 ,! ref9+ discipl9e ( sorr[ 0 ex]cis+ its s(t5+ influ5ce on a nature ( ^: religi\s f]v\r & deep piety 8 life-"w is an abid+ te/imony4 ,absorb$ 9 ! production ( ! ,%r9e ( ,sa9t ,ursula1 does n ! in/9ct ( human sympa?y sugge/ to u ! arti/ sp5d+ himself 9 ?is inimitable "w = a monum5t ( 8 love wor?y ( ! memory ( ! helpmate :o _h devot$ h] life to enhance ! happ9ess ( 8 own1 h]e9 seek+ & f9d+ surcease ( ! sorr[ t n[ ov]%ad[$ 8 life1 ! burd5 ( "w balanc+ ! burd5 ( grief8 ,& :at a monum5t6 ,s famili> is ! leg5d & ! unique int]pretation ( x he has left u1 "o feels x w\ld be a "w ( sup]]ogation to dwell on ! /ory4 ,b ! treatm5t1 view$ by ! light ( ,meml9c's b]eavem5t1 discloses fre% beauties 9 e panel4 ,critics h dwelt on ! unreality ( ! dea? sc5es 9 ?is %r9e4 ,meml9c1 z we h _h suffici5t occasion to obs]ve1 %rank f ! pa9ful exp\nd+ ( evil4 ,b = him dea? _h no t]rors3 x 0 b ! pass+ ov] to ! ineffable rew>d ( a well-sp5t life1 & ?is innate feel+ he conveys to u 9 ! placid acceptance ( dea? by ,sa9t ,ursula & h] virg9 b& z b a /epp+ across ! ?re%old to ev]la/+ bliss4 ,^! critics1 on ! contr>y1 look = ! betrayal ( fe> & angui%1 = ! manife/ation ( human suff]+3 b1 l ! m>tyrs ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 we f9d ^! victims ( ! ru?less ,huns n alone meet+ _! dea? 9 a _s ( resignation1 b welcom+ x ) ab\nd+ peace & a joyful self-surr5d]1 /rong 9 ! hope & fai? ( ! h]eaft]3 z ! arti/ himself 0 wi/fully look+ =w>d to ! day & ! h\r t w\ld reunite him !re to ! "o he _h lov$ be/ on e>?4 ,turn+ to ! o!r works ( ?is p]iod :i* we h m5tion$1 ! ,moreel alt>piece arre/s our att5tion4 ,ap>t f ! p>ticul> fri5d%ip :i* l9k$ him ) ,william ,vrelant & ! bro!rs ,flore9s1 few m5 7 m likely to attract him ?an ! donor ( ?is pa9t+4 ,! great-gr&son ( a ,savoy>d1 ,morelli1 :o _h settl$ 9 ,bruges 9 #accf1 ,william ,moreel1 a memb] ( ! ,corporation ( ,groc]s1 aft] fill+ v>i\s civic (fices1 0 elect$ burgoma/] ( ,bruges 9 #adgh1 & aga9 9 ! tr\bl\s days ( #adhc4 ,8 /&+ is suffici5tly atte/$ by ! record t 9 #adia only t5 ( 8 fell[-citiz5s 7 tax$ at a high] rate4 ,able & /rong-will$1 a capable f9anci] & ard5t politician1 he 0 ev] =emo/ 9 def5d+ ! rights & lib]ties ( 8 c\ntry1 & to su* purpose t ,maximilian1 :o _h imprison$ him 9 #adha1 refus$ :5 he made 8 peace ) ! ,/ates ( ,fl&]s1 on #bh? ,june #adhe1 to include him 9 ! g5]al amne/y4 ,he retir$ to ,nieuport1 b return$ to ,bruges 9 #adhh & 0 *os5 z treasur] ( ! t[n1 & 9 ,july #adhi 0 pres5t$ by ! magi/rates ) ! sum ( #ajj 9 recognition ( s]vices r5d]$4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made to ! indep5d5t portraits ( ,moreel1 8 wife1 & "o ( 8 daught]s4 ,9 ! tripty* "u notice ! :ole family are ga!r$ toge!r1 ! fa!r & 8 five sons1 8 wife ,b>b>a van ,vla5d]b]* & _! elev5 daught]s4 ,! donor's head is probably a copy ( ! ,brussels panel1 assum+ t at ! "t x 0 pa9t$1 ,moreel 0 /ill 9 prison2 :ile t ( 8 wife1 m c>eworn & ag$1 be>s te/imony to ! anxiety occasion$ h] by h] husb&'s conf9em5t4 ,?is pa9t+1 too1 w af=d ! critics :o love to f9d fault ) ! ,flemi% s*ool = its alleg$ inability to d ju/ice to ! w9som5ess ( *ild life an opportunity ( reconsid]+ _! judgm5t by ! light ( ! ,infant ,jesus :om ,sa9t ,*ri/oph] is be>+ across ! f]ry1 & once m we are met 9 e portion ( ! picture ) brilliant exemplifications ( ! arti/'s special aptitude = int]pret+ ! beauties ( ,nature4 ,sc>cely less attractive1 & 9 "s respects ev5 m int]e/+1 is ! celebrat$ dipty* associat$ ) ! "n ( ,m>t9 van ,nieuw5hove4 ,"h we h a dep>ture f ,meml9c's usual practice1 :i* 0 to pres5t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 an op5 portico1 ! arti/ pictur+ !m 9 a room amply light$ by w9d[s1 ! upp] portions ( :i* are adorn$ ) pictures 9 /a9$ glass1 :ile ! l[] halves1 mo/ly ?r[n op51 reveal inimitable sc5es ( c\ntry life2 moreov]1 a convex mirror at ! back ( ,our ,lady reflects ! depict$ sc5e ( ! int]ior4 ,! donor belong$ to a noble family long settl$ 9 ,bruges1 evid5tly a man ( great promise1 = aft] be+ elect$ a memb] ( ! ,t[n ,c\ncil 9 #adib1 he 0 *os5 burgoma/] 9 #adig at ! e>ly age ( ?irty-?ree4 ,un=tunately he pass$ away 9 ! prime ( life a %ort ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,! pa9t+ dates f #adhg1 & ! portrait is ,meml9c's ma/]piece 9 t bran* ( art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,an ,,old ,,lady4 ,?is f9e portrait1 ) its companion1 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,meazza collection at ,milan1 disp]s$ 9 #ahhd4 ,x 0 exhibit$ at ,bruges 9 #aijb 7,no4 #ga71 s9ce :5 x has be5 pur*as$ by ! ,l\vre1 :]e x is n[ to be se54 ,! companion portrait is 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,! panel 9 ! ,l\vre ranks equally ) ?is production1 its *ief feature be+ ! m>vell\s gr\p+ ( ! donors & _! family4 ,james ,flore9s1 y\ng] bro!r ( ,john1 ! spiritual ma/] ( ,sa9t ,john's ,hospital1 belong$ to "o ( ! weal?ie/ ( ! ,bruges guilds1 ! ,corporation ( ,ma/] ,groc]s1 among ^: memb]s 7,john ,du ,celi] & ,william ,moreel to wit7 ,meml9c f\nd su* g5]\s patrons ( 8 art4 ,he _h m>ri$ a lady ( ! ,spani% ,qu9tanadu5a family1 :o bore him n9ete5 *ildr53 ! elde/ son1 a prie/1 is repres5t$ 9 furr$ cassock & cambric surplice1 & ! second daught] 9 ! habit ( a ,dom9ican nun4 ,?is picture is ano!r b :olly diff]5t dep>ture f ! sett+ usually affect$ by ! arti/ 9 8 pres5tm5t ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,! ?rone "h is erect$ 9 ! middle ( ! nave ( a r\nd-ar*$ *ur*1 a rood-scre5 ( five bays %utt+ (f ! *oir4 ,! nor? transept por*1 is adorn$ ) /atues ( ! ,prophets1 ! s\? portal ) o!rs ( ! ,apo/les4 ,! difficulty ( gr\p+ s l>ge a family 9 ! circumscrib$ space ab\t ! ?rone is obviat$ ) consummate skill1 ! fa!r & two elde/ sons on ! "o side1 & ! "m & two elde/ daught]s on ! o!r1 be+ plac$ well 9 ! =egr\nd1 :ile ! y\ng] memb]s ( ei!r sex are dispos$ 9 ! aisles1 ! up/&+ figures ( ,sa9t ,james ! ,great & ,sa9t ,dom9ic beside ! ?rone fill+ ! void on ei!r side :i* ?is arrangem5t entail$4 ,ev5 "h1 ) ! limit$ opportunities ! ar*itectural sett+ af=ds1 ,meml9c w n be d5i$ 8 pr$ilection = l&scape ornam5tation1 two delightful glimpses ( c\ntry life en*ant+ ! eye z x w&]s d[n ! transepts & out on to _! por*es4 ,if 9 ^! pages att5tion has p]haps be5 some:at too exclusively devot$ to ! portraits ( m5 left u by ,meml9c1 obvi\sly en\gh because ( ! great] int]e/ !y excite by ! /ories kn[n ( _! c>e]s1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t he prov$ himself less skilful z a portray] ( wom54 ,z a rule ! wives ( ! donors 9 8 pictures are ( ! homely type1 b !y appeal to u none ! less z typical examples ( ! womank9d ( a burgh] community 9 :i* ! virtues ( ! home 7 *]i%$ & s$ul\sly cultivat$4 ,two exceptionally f9e specim5s ( male & female portraiture1 :i* mo/ likely belong to ?is p]iod1 are ! bu/ ( an old man 9 ! ,royal ,museum at ,b]l9 & t ( an ag$ lady1 rec5tly acquir$ by ! ,l\vre = ! v sub/antial sum ( #bjj1jjj francs4 ,if1 z has be5 sugge/$1 ^! are portraits ( husb& & wife1 x is regrettable t !y %\ld h /ray$ s f> ap>t1 b ! latt] we h select$ = illu/ration z p]haps ! be/ available example to demon/rate ,meml9c's aptitude = ! int]pretation ( ! dignity ( old age 9 woman4 ,m amaz+ p]haps ?an ! magnitude ( ! "w ,meml9c a*iev$ is ! de>? ( in=mation conc]n+ him t has be5 v\*saf$ to u4 ,until #ahfj no?+ :atev] 0 kn[n ( ! /ory ( 8 life1 & :at has be5 s9ce discov]$ is almo/ entirely due to ! pa9/ak+ rese>*es ( "o or two individuals4 ,^! reveal$ ! fact ( ,meml9c's m>riage1 ! "n ( ! woman he *ose = 8 wife & t ( h] fa!r1 ! fact t %e bore him ?ree sons--,john1 ,cornelius1 & ,nicolas--! ye> ( 8 wife's dea?1 ! record ( h\se prop]ty b\ght by him1 ! date ( 8 own dea? & 8 place ( burial1 & ?is is ! sum total ( ! mat]ial at our disposal1 ap>t f 8 pa9t+s1 ) :i* to build up 8 biography4 ,! ,%r9e t is 8 ma/]piece once complet$1 ! only o!r dat$ "w ( :i* we h any k is ! polypty* alt>piece :i* hangs 9 ! ,grev]ade *antry ( ! ,ca!dral at ,lubeck4 ,?is be>s on its frame ! date #adia2 b ! execution ( ! pa9t+ is v unequal1 & x appe>s probable t ! great] "p is ! "w ( pupils4 ,p]haps ,meml9c felt t he _h liv$ 8 life1 & 0 cont5t to lay aside palette & bru% 9 ! consci\sness t he _h giv5 ! _w ( 8 be/4 ,may-be1 too1 z ! ye>s began to tell1 !re grew a ye>n+ = ! privacy ( home life 9 m intimate communion ) ! mo!rless *ildr5 f :om he himself 0 soon to be p>t$4 ,all too spe$ily ! end came1 = he pass$ away on ! #aa? ( ,augu/ #adid1 at a ripe old age consid]+ ! av]age l5g? ( days met$ out to man 9 8 "t4 ,,vii ,,effacem5t ,,& ,,v9dication ,,( ,,8 ,,types ,bruges1 ! sc5e ( 8 /up5d\s lifework & 8 home = ne>ly ! la/ ?irty ye>s ( 8 life1 0 fa/ settl+ d[n to utt] /agnation & ! g5]al pov]ty x sup]9duc$4 ,"o ne$s to realise ! measure ( h] decay to und]/& ! possibility ( su* a p]sonality z ,meml9c's fad+ f ! public memory4 ,true1 he _h f\nd$ no s*ool to p]petuate 8 art & *]i% 8 "n & reputation4 ,twice we f9d m5tion ( appr5tices 9 ! regi/] ( ! ,guild ( ,pa9t]s--a ,john ,v]hanneman1 inscrib$ on #h? ,may #adhj1 & a ,pass*i] ,van d] ,me]s*1 9 #adhc4 ,nei!r atta9$ ! rank ( ma/]-pa9t]4 ,nor is x kn[n t any ( ! ?ree sons inh]it$ _! fa!r's tal5t or foll[$ 8 pr(ession4 ,h[ev]1 we rememb] t ,rumwold ,de ,dopp]e1 writ+ ( 8 dea? 9 ! ye> x occurr$1 ass]t$ t he 0 8!n consid]$ to be ! mo/ skilful & excell5t pa9t] 9 ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom10 :ile ,van ,va]newyck1 z late z #aefb1 tells ( ! h\ses ( ,bruges be+ /ill fill$ ) pa9t+s by ,meml9c among o!r great arti/s4 ,& yet s completely 0 he =gott5 )9 a c5tury ( 8 dea? t ,van ,m&]1 :5 prep>+ 8 biographies ( ,ne!rl&i% pa9t]s 7publi%$ 9 #afjd71 c\ld only le>n t he 0 9 8 day 8a celebrat$ ma/] :o fl\ri%$ be=e ! "t ( ,pet] ,p\rbus0--t is1 be=e #aedj6 ,neglect & disda9 foll[$ spe$ily on =getfulness1 & ! scatt]+ ( 8 priceless works comm5c$4 ,! magnific5t picture ( ! ,passion ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,tur9 ,museum1 :i* adorn$ ! alt> ( ! *apel ( ! ,guild ( ,sa9t ,john & ,sa9t ,luke 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,sa9t ,b>?olomew until #afai1 0 !n remov$ to a side wall1 & five ye>s lat] sold to make room = an organ6 ,! no less fam\s pa9t+ 8,*ri/ ! ,light ( ! ,_w10 :i* grac$ ! alt> ( ! *apel ( ! ,guild ( ,tann]s 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,our ,lady until #agfd1 0 !n remov$ to ! h\se ( ! dean1 :o a few ye>s lat] sold x to a picture-deal] at ,antw]p = #bj l46 ,& s ^! ma/]pieces 7 made ! sport & spoil ( picture-deal]s & traffick]s 9 curiosities4 ,"u ,spani% rule fur!r toll 0 levi$ on ! art treasures ( ,bruges1 & ( :at escap$ ! vulg> v&alism ( ! ,calv9i/s1 ^: utt] inability to create 0 only equall$ by _! s5seless capacity = de/ruction1 ! ,fr5* revolution>ies1 ^: s5se ( ! beautiful 9 art n all _! irreligion _h suffic$ to /ifle1 claim$ a consid]able %>e4 ,=tunately ! ultimate defeat ( ,napoleon made re/itution 9 a measure possible1 & s ! ,moreel tripty*1 seiz$ on #bcrd ,augu/ #agid1 & ! ,van ,nieuw5hove dipty*1 c>ri$ (f 9 ! same mon?1 7 recov]$ 9 #ahae4 ,/ill ! fact rema9s t ,bruges at ?is date possesses only sev5 ( ,meml9c's works4 ,! rema9d] are disp]s$ among ! gall]ies ( ! ,cont95t--9 ,brussels & ,antw]p2 9 ,p>is2 9 ,madrid2 9 ,rome1 ,flor5ce1 ,tur91 & ,v5ice2 9 ,vi5na & ,buda-,pe/h2 9 ,b]l91 ,frank=t1 ,muni*1 ,danzig1 ,lubeck1 ,h]mann/adt1 & ,wo]litz2 & at ! ,hague2 :ile ,engl& boa/s ( ?ree pictures1 two 9 ! ,national ,gall]y & "o at ,*atswor?4 ,al?\gh ,meml9c f\nd$ no s*ool1 ! ma/]s ( 8 day & o!rs :o settl$ 9 ,bruges 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 7 to a v appreciable ext5t influ5c$ by 8 art4 ,g]>d ,david1 ,alb]t ,cornelis1 ,pet] ,p\rbus1 & ! ,claeiss5s all felt its impress1 & if ! traditions ( ! old s*ool surviv$ 9 ,bruges to a lat] p]iod ?an 9 o!r c5tres1 & well into ! sev5te5? c5tury1 x 0 ma9ly ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ^! pa9t]s4 ,9 contra/+ ! lives ( m$ival & mod]n arti/s "o _c escape a feel+ ( regret t ! =m] %\ld s utt]ly h neglect$ ! lit]>y side ( _! call+4 ,:at a revelation to u w\ld h be5 ! discov]y ( ! p]sonal recollections ( b "o ( ^! great ma/]s ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 & :at a _w ( tr\ble !y w\ld h sav$ ! art /ud5ts ( aft] g5]ations6 ,b seem+ly ! dem& = ?is class ( lit]ature _h n !n aris51 :ile ! crav+ = notoriety :i* w\ld h compell$ an ef=t ( ?is description 0 altoge!r =eign to ! s+le-m9d$ nature ( a s*ool ^: art 0 to its expon5ts some?+ m ?an ! realisation ( worldly ambition or ! satisfaction ( a vulg> lu/ ( ga94 ,!re c\ld h be5 no hank]+ aft] ei!r 9 ! type ( man reveal$ to u by ! lifework ( ,meml9c4 ,& s x 0 t ) ! reawak5$ int]e/ 9 m$ival pa9t+ :i* made itself manife/ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ! s]vices ( ! ar*ologi/ _h to be requisition$4 ,difficult inde$ w\ld x be to exagg]ate ! imm5sity ( ! task impos$ ^u him4 ,! sift+ f ! mass ( popul> fiction :i* _h ga!r$ r\nd ,meml9c's "n ! few gra9s ( tru? emb$d$ 9 x1 ! ceaseless delv+ among municipal & ecclesia/ical ar*ives = a *ance record ( "s incid5t 9 8 c>e]1 ! sl[ process ( au!nticat+ ! g5u9e f ! ruck ( d\btful & spuri\s works associat$ ) 8 "n1 half a c5tury ( unsw]v+ devotion to ! task has n yet br\ght u )9 measurable rea* ( its accompli%m5t4 ,e day1 s to speak1 br+s to light "s new fact1 (t5 compell+ a revision ( conclusions :i* 9 its abs5ce 7 suffici5tly ju/ifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4--,,our ,,lady ,,& ,,*ild1 ,,sa9t ,,george ,,& ,,! ,,donor4 ,?is pa9t+1 =m]ly 9 ! ,gi]l+ collection1 0 pur*as$ by ,mr ,j4 ,p4 ,wey] ( ,cln = #dej ?al]s1 & at ! sale ( 8 pictures 9 #ahfb1 by ,mr ,o4 ,mndl] = #dfjj ?al]s = ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,?us x happ5$ t ! id5tification ( ! donors ( ! 8,la/ ,judgm5t0 at ,danzig1 9 #aijb1 l$ to ! recognition ( ?is e>lie/ example ( ,meml9c's art4 ,& s no d\bt w x happ5 aga91 ea* fre% discov]y amplify+ ! k necess>y to remove d\bt z to ! au!nticity ( attribut$ works4 ,b ev5 s1 :at an advance f half a c5tury s9ce1 :5 ! p]sonality ( ! pa9t] 0 b ! sport ( idle leg5d1 & loom$ vaguely on ! horizon 9 ! di/ort$ outl9es ( a loa?some c>icature6 ,if de>? ( in=mation is a p[]ful inc5tive to ! imag9ation1 !n ! evolution ( ! ,meml9c leg5d goes f> to e/abli% its pot5cy4 ,an obscure sev5te5?-c5tury tradition _h x t ,meml9c pa9t$ a picture = ! ,hospital ( ,sa9t ,john 9 grateful recognition ( s]vices r5d]$ to him by ! ,bre?r5 ( t *>itable f\ndation3 f :i* indet]m9ate report grew a tale ( a dissolute soldi] ( =tune sp>$ f ! %ambles ( ! field ( ,nancy dragg+ 8 w\nd$ & diseas$ body to ! ,hospital gates1 & beguil+ ! we>y h\rs ( a long convalesc5ce !re 9 ! production ( a ma/]piece ( pa9t+ 9 tok5 ( 8 gratitude4 ,z an unconnect$ /ory = ! amusem5t ( simple-m9d$ folk ! fable is n )\t m]it ( a sort1 b :at a libel on ! ,*ri/ian arti/ :o transc5ds all ! pa9t]s ( 8 age 9 ! int]pretation ( deep religi\s feel+1 & ! %ap+ ( ^: :ole life mu/ h be5 a novitiate to ?is end6 ,we h travell$ a long road s9ce ! days :5 ?is prepo/]\s leg5d 0 explod$4 ,true1 ! exhumation ( ,meml9c's individuality f ! burial-gr\nd ( lo/ memories has be5 a sl[ & ardu\s process2 b ! ri* /ore ( k n[ at our comm& is an abundant te/imony to ! pati5ce ( ! exp]ts :o h g>n]$ x4 ,x is n giv5 to u to be all sway$ 9 ! same way or to ! same ext5t by ,art 9 any ( its =ms2 b few :o h be5 l$ to contemplate ! ma/]pieces ( ! ,ne!rl&i% s*ool w fail to pay ! tribute ( admiration ^! wond]works evoke1 & be> te/imony to _! educational value4 ,= ,hans ,meml9c x is n claim$ t he surpass$ 9 ea* dep>tm5t ( 8 art all ! o!r pa9t]s :o help$ to build up ! fame ( ! ,ne!rl&i% s*ool3 9 "s mat]ial respects 8 me?ods diff]$ widely f !irs1 & he elaborat$ a te*nique di/9ctly 8 own4 ,x is n likely to be imput$ t 8 s$ul\s avoidance ( ! m>k$ contra/s ( light & %ade 0 a confession ( inability to realise _! treatm5t1 ?\gh possibly he may be ?\ght by "s to h weakly foll[$ ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,( c\rse1 ,meml9c1 l e o!r great arti/ ( 8 age1 _h 8 limitations4 ,8 k ( anatomy naturally 0 n equal to ! exact requirem5ts ( sci5ce1 ! pose ( 8 figures n absolutely con=mable to ! ideals ( ! dilettante 9 respect ( grace ( c>riage or correctness ( deportm5t4 ,?\gh critics contra/ ! simplicity ( 8 art ) ! gr&eur ( /yle ( ,van ,eyck1 commonly ) "s pr$ilection = ! latt]1 yet x is possible = "o to be subjugat$ by x & /ill feel to ! full ! fasc9ation ( ! t5d] beauty inh]5t 9 ! =m]4 ,9 8 conceptions ( ! great my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 9 ! *>act]isation ( ! _m sa9ts he portray$1 & above all 9 8 v>i$ pres5tation ( womanhood he c]ta9ly excell$4 ,9 ! 8,la/ ,judgm5t0 at ,danzig we h probably ! lea/ successful ( 8 great ef=ts4 ,! conception is n orig9al1 ?\gh admitt$ly "o ( ! f9e/ produc$ up to t "t2 also x is 8 e>lie/ extant "w1 & 9 ! /yle ( a ma/] f ^: controll+ influ5ce he _h n yet emancipat$ himself4 ,b ! fault lies r ) ! subject4 ,_m an arti/ has lab\r$ at x1 n always p]haps f *oice2 b ! pa9t] has yet to be born :o w produce a conv9c+ picture ( t unrealis$ trag$y4 ,any attempt t falls %ort ( convey+ to ! m9d & s\l ( man ! awe-full w>n+ x %\ld express necess>ily be>s ! /amp ( failure2 & :51 z too (t5 is ! case1 x b provokes a smile by reason ( its incongruity1 ! ef=t x co/ /&s unju/ifi$4 ,n t ,meml9c's conception errs conspicu\sly 9 ?is s5se3 b x lacks conviction1 & n all ! beautiful "w x exhibits c close our eyes to ! fact4 ,to ! up-to-date art critic ( ! weekly press1 /eep$ 9 mod]nity1 all ?is gr& religi\s art ( ! middle ages is b z ! dead a%es ( a fire t once gl[$ b has n[ lo/ its w>m?2 or1 to v>y ! simile1 he contemptu\sly relegates x to ! scrap-heap ( antiquat$ mat]ial z ! useless rema9s ( a 8dead language02 little be?9k+ himself ( ! great und]ly+ tru? he 0 unconsci\sly voic+4 ,= j z all succe$+ lit]atures f\nd _! spr+ & inspiration 9 ! magnific5t lit]atures en%r9$ 9 ! great dead languages ( ,rome & ,greece1 s likewise has mod]n art1 unconsci\sly if y w1 b none ! less assur$ly1 d]iv$ ! ess5ce ( its lovel9ess f ! m$ival art x affects to despise4 ,art ( any k9d to be great mu/ h realis$ its greatness ?r\gh ! vivify+ p[] ( ! art t _h gone be=e4 ,ex nihilo nihil fit4 ,! impell5t crav+ aft] realism ( ! mat]iali/ic s*ool ( to-day is b a p]v]t$ =m ( ! love ( tru? :i* 0 ! keynote ( all m$ival art1 its cult ( ! s5su\s b a deprav$ phase ( a love ( ! beauty 9 virtue & godl9ess :i* *>act]is$ ! latt]3 ! great t\* ( fai? is :olly want+4 ,9 art z 9 all ?+s human !re is no f9ality2 b ! :ile ,bruges subsi/s1 ?\gh %e 7 utt]ly b]eft ( all h] picturesqu5ess & ! weal? ( ar*itectural beauty t ende>s h] to ! arti/ m9d1 s long w t treasure-h\se ( ,meml9c's art1 ! small *apt]-room 9 ! ,hospital ( ,sa9t ,john1 cont9ue to ex]cise its educat+ influ5ce1 & s long1 because ( x1 w ! old ,flemi% capital1 ?\gh %orn ( all its pri/9e glory1 cont9ue to be "o ( ! mo/ *]i%$ %r9es ( ! art pilgrims ( ! _w4 ,! plates are pr9t$ by ,,bemrose ,,sons1 ,,ltd41 ,d]by & ,london ,! text at ! ,,ballantyne ,,press1 ,ed9burgh