,note3 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive_/,am]ican ,libr>ies4 ,see http3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/%9tocult*r i/#jjt]rri* ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,,! ,,%9to ,,cult ,a ,*ri/ian ,/udy ( ! ,anci5t ,religion ( ,japan by ,,milton ,s4 ,,t]ry1 ,d4,d41 ,lectur] on ,comp>ative ,religion 9 ,g>rett ,biblical ,in/itute4 ,illu/ration ,c9c9nati3 ,j5n+s & ,graham ,new ,york3 ,eaton & ,ma9s ,copyright1 #aiaj1 ,by ,j5n+s & ,graham4 ,,note4 ,! foll[+ pages are ! sub/ance ( a c\rse ( lectures on ! old ,%9to cult :i* ! au?or has be5 giv+ = a numb] ( ye>s to 8 classes 9 ,comp>ative ,religion4 ,!y are "h cond5s$ & adapt$ to ! purpose ( a little manual :i*1 x is believ$1 may int]e/ _m read]s1 & br+ toge!r )9 a small space in=mation ga!r$ f _m s\rces n easily accessible to ord9>y /ud5ts4 ,at ! same "t x is hop$ t ?is little volume may s]ve to sugge/ "s valuable h9ts to ! ,*ri/ian mission>y :o is to come face to face ) ! ,japanese p 9 _! beautiful l& ( ! re$ pla9s & ! fre% e>s ( rice4 ,x is possible t "s portions1 if n e jot & tittle1 ( ?is anci5t cult may1 l ! law & ! prophets ( ,israel1 f9d a glori\s fulfillm5t 9 ! pure gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! pr9cipal au?orities reli$ on 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is essay are nam$ 9 ! ,select ,bibliography giv5 at ! end4 ,,cont5ts4 #a4 ,,! ,,c\ntry #g #b4 ,,is ,,%9to ,a ,,religion8 #aj #c4 ,,orig9 ,,& ,,relative ,,age ,,( ,,! ,,p #ab #d4 ,,mean+ ,,( ,,! ,,t]m ,,%9to #ad #e4 ,,s\rces ,,( ,,in=mation #ae #f4 ,,japanese ,,cosmogony ,,& ,,my?ology #ai #g4 ,,! ,,japanese ,a ,,self-,,c5t]$ ,,p #bi #h4 ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,! ,,%9to ,,cult #cj #i4 ,,! ,,great ,,sanctu>ies #ca #aj4 ,,five ,,notewor?y ,,objects ,,connect$ ,,) ,,! ,,wor%ip #cd #aa4 ,,! ,,ance/or ,,wor%ip #cg #ab4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,animism #da #ac4 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,cult #dc #ad4 ,,! ,,communal ,,cult #de #ae4 ,,! ,,national ,,cult #di #af4 ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,,s]vice #eb #ag4 ,,! ,,great ,,purification #ed #ah4 ,,o!r ,,ritual ,,s]vices #fj #ai4 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,*9a ,,on ,,japanese ,,?\ght #fc #bj4 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,buddhism #fd #ba4 ,,revival ,,( ,,pure ,,%9to #fh #bb4 ,,esot]ic ,,%9to #gj #bc4 ,,m+l+ ,,( ,,%9to1 ,,confucianism1 ,,& ,,buddhism #ga #bd4 ,,roman ,,ca?olicism ,,9 ,,japan #gc #be4 ,,alleg$ ,,pres5t ,,religi\s ,,indiff]5ce #gd #bf4 ,,conclud+ ,,obs]vations #gh ,,! ,,%9to ,,cult4 #a4 ,! ,c\ntry4 ,9 tak+ up ! /udy ( a religion :i* has nev] ext5d$ beyond ! limits ( an easily def9$ t]ritory1 we may appropriately fir/ ( all take a ha/y glance at ! geographical outl9es ( ! sy/em we call ,%9to1 ! primitive fai? ( ! p ( ,japan4 ,to appreciate ! geographical position ( ,japan1 "o ne$s to h be=e him a map ( ! _w4 ,he may !n see at a glance h[ rem>kably ! ?ree ?\s& isl&s ( t ,empire /ret* = "s tw5ty-five hundr$ miles along ! coa/ ( ,asia1 f ,kam*atka on ! nor? to ! isl& ( ,=mosa on ! s\?1 :i* isl& is cross$ by ! tropic ( ,canc]4 ,x may be call$ ! longe/ & ! n>r[e/ c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,x looks l an imm5se sea-s]p5t1 ) its nor!rn tail twi/+ t[>d ! ,aleutian ,isl&s1 :i* our ,gov]nm5t acquir$ f ,russia 9 #ahfg1 & its s\!rn head po9t+ t[>d ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 :i* we acquir$ f ,spa9 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,x seems to gu>d ! :ole ea/]n coa/ ( ,asia1 & along ) ,*9a1 on ! ma9l&1 is suspect$ & fe>$ by "s ,european diplomats z embody+ "s sort ( a ,yell[ ,p]il4 ,x may be t its notewor?y contiguity to our ,alaskan possessions at "o extremity & our ,philipp9e w>ds at ! o!r bodes "s sort ( p]il to any ,we/]n nation t may h]eaft] presume to enl>ge its dom9ions 9 ! ,ori5t by =ce ( arms4 ,att5tion has (t5 be5 call$ to ! fact t ! ,briti% ,isles1 9 ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 j (f ! nor?we/]n coa/ ( ,europe1 occupy a correspond+ geographical relation to ! ,we/]n _w4 ,! isl&s !mselves are comp>atively small1 b _! measur+ l9e has gone out into all ! e>?1 & _! civilization is dom9at+ ! _w4 ,asia1 on ! ea/ ( ! ,ea/]n hemisph]e1 is a l& ( innum]able population2 ,europe1 on ! we/1 is a l& ( new ideas & ( hopeful progress4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 re/+ h] ,atlantean %\ld] on ! isl&-empire ( ,europe1 & h] ,pacific %\ld] on ! isl&-empire ( ! ,ori5t1 may be1 9 ! ord] ( ,god1 a mighty m$iator1 possess$ bo? ( a great population & ( new & comm&+ ideas1 & de/9$ to br+ ab\t ! univ]sal peace1 ! s\nd k1 & ! highe/ prosp]ity ( ! _w4 ,we are told t ,japan is a c\ntry ( div]sifi$ beauty4 ,compass$ r\nd ab\t ) ! va/ ocean1 yet n f> f ! ,asiatic ma9l&2 suppli$ also ) a wond]ful inl& sea1 & ) lakes & riv]s & f\nta9s ( wat]s2 a l& ( m\nta9s1 & valleys1 & broad mead[s1 & all mann] ( trees & %rubs & fruits & fl[]s1 & *>m+ l&scapes1 & all v>ieties ( climate2 x is no wond] t ! p & _! poets h call$ ?is gr\p ( isl&s ! sun's ne/1 ! c\ntry ( ! sun-goddess1 ! region betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 isl&s ( ! congeal$ drop1 ! gr& l& ( ! eight isles1 c5tral l& ( re$-pla9s1 l& ( ! e>s ( fre% rice1 l& ( a ?\s& autumns1 & o!r simil> names indicative ( manifold excell5ce4#a ,?is isl&-empire ( ! ,ori5t is ! home ( ! religi\s cult call$ ,%9to1 a religion :i* has nev] travel$ nor s\ght to propagate itself beyond ! dom9ions ( ,japan4 ,x has nev] put itself 9 a ho/ile attitude t[>d any o!r =m ( religion1 ei!r at home or abroad1 except :5 a =eign cult has ent]$ its anci5t home & s\ght to m$dle ) affairs ( ,/ate or to int]f]e ) loyalty to ! ,emp]or4 #b4 ,is ,%9to a ,religion8 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,society ( ,sci5ce1 held at ,tokyo 9 #ahij1 ! presid5t ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity express$ ! op9ion t ,%9to %\ld n be reg>d$ z a religion4 ,he believ$ x to be an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! exi/+ national ?\ght & feel+ ( ,japan1 b de/itute ( ! ess5tial qualities ( a /rictly religi\s cult4 ,o!rs h express$ a simil> op9ion2 b we are dispos$ to ?9k t ?is judgm5t arises f an incorrect concept ( religion1 & a consequ5t defective def9ition ( ! same4 ,a simil> d5ial has be5 made ( ! religi\s "* ( o!r cults & sy/ems4 ,taoism1 ,confucianism1 & ev5 ,buddhism h be5 said to lack ! elem5ts ess5tial to a real religion4 ,b if ^! sy/ems d n con/itute a religion = ! peoples :o accept !m1 !y are 9 e case _! sub/itute = religion4 ,any religion or any =m ( religion may s involve its ?\ght & its practices ) philosophical speculation1 or ) social cu/oms1 or ) ! political managem5t ( ! ,/ate1 z to h ! appe>ance ( a philosophical or a political sy/em1 r ?an a =m ( religion4 ,b1 h[ev] x may1 9 su* ways1 ignore ! religi\s ideas & practices ( o!r sy/ems1 if !re be no o!r religi\s cult among ! p1 ! philosophy1 ! e?ical policy & ! cu/oms1 :i* make up ?is important elem5t ( ! civilization & ! national life1 are z truly tantam\nt to a religi\s cult z any =m ( fai? & practice :i* all m5 agree to call religion4 #c4 ,orig9 & ,relative ,age ( ! ,p4 ,! ma9 body ( ! ,japanese p are believ$ to h migrat$ 9 old times f ! nor!rn c5tral "p ( ,asia1 & to h work$ _! way ea/w>d into ,korea1 & !nce into ! isl&s ( ,japan4 ,!y expell$ or subjugat$ ! aborig9es ( ! c\ntry1 & made !mselves ma/]s ( ! great isl&s & ! inl& & surr\nd+ seas4 ,b _! orig9 & e>ly hi/ory are involv$ 9 d5se obscurity4 ,!y d\btless br\ght ) !m f _! e>li] dwell+s 9 ,asia v>i\s my?s1 leg5ds1 & traditions1 & ^! grew & /r5g!n$ amid ! simple habits ( life :i* !y adopt$ 9 _! new isl&-_w4 ,accord+ to a writ]#b 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,review ( ,july1 #ahgh1 ,japan is yet1 9 m s5ses ?an "o1 a "y c\ntry4 ,_! language & _! in/itutions %[ u a p /ill 9 a v e>ly /age ( developm5t4 ,w4 ,g4 ,a/on holds t ! e>lie/ date ( accept$ ,japanese *ronology is ,a4 ,d4 #dfa1 & he says t ,japanese hi/ory1 prop]ly s call$1 c n be said to exi/ previ\s to ,a4 ,d4 #ejj4 ,he reg>ds ,korean hi/ory m tru/wor?y ?an t ( ,japan previ\s to t date4#c ,accord+ to ,sat[1 ev]y?+ po9ts to ! desc5t ( ! ,japanese p 9 great "p f a race ( ,turanian orig91 :o cross$ ov] f ! cont95t by way ( ! isl&s ,tsu%ima & ,iki1 :i* =m ! natural /epp+-/ones f ,korea to ,japan4#d ,b ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s h witness$ a mo/ rem>kable advance 9 ! use ( mod]n inv5tions1 & m ?an any o!r nation ( ! f> ,ea/ h ! ,japanese display$ bo? a will+ness & an ambition to improve _! condition by means ( ! ideas & usages ( ,we/]n civilization4 ,! w> ) ,*9a 9 #ahid1 & t ) ,russia 9 #aijd-aije1 display$ a wisdom1 tact1 & en]gy :i* 7 a great surprise to ! _w4 ,! self-poise1 ! g5]osity1 ! f>-sight$ /atesman%ip exhibit$ 9 h] conclud+ t]ms ( peace ) h] haughty b defeat$ enemy1 h comm&$ univ]sal admiration4 ,^! facts make ! /udy ( ?is p's anci5t religi\s cult1 :i* is /ill a p[]ful elem5t 9 ! popul> life1 a matt] ( no little int]e/ at ! pres5t "t4#e #d4 ,mean+ ( ! ,^w ,%9to4 ,! ^w ,%9to means ! way ( ! gods4 ,x came into use :5 ,buddhism 0 introduc$ into ,japan1 & designates ! old1 ance/ral wor%ip z a way ( ! gods di/9ct f ! way ( ! ,buddhi/s1 or ( any o!r rival way ( religi\s life4 ,! ,japanese "n is ,kami no mi*i4 ,9 its ess5tial elem5ts x is a comm+l+ ( ,animism & ance/or-wor%ip4 ,n only are ! spirits ( dep>t$ ance/ors reckon$ among ! gods1 b !re are innum]able deities ( o!r k9d & "*4 ,! m\nta9s & valleys1 ! riv]s & ! seas1 ! trees1 ! w9d1 ! ?und]1 ! fire1 all mov+ ?+s & objects ( s5se are suppos$ to h ea* a deity )94 ,& ^! deities seem = ! mo/ "p to h be5 reg>d$ z b5efic5t p[]s1 & _! wor%ip is ( a joy\s k9d4 #e4 ,s\rces ( ,in=mation4 ,! s\rces ( our k ( ?is anci5t cult are q num]\s1 b n z accessible to ,engli% & ,am]ican /ud5ts z is desirable4 ,! olde/ exi/+ monum5t ( ,japanese lit]ature is kn[n z ! ,ko-ji-ki1 ! text ( :i* w\ld make a book ab\t ! size ( our f\r ,gospels4 ,x conta9s #ahj %ort sections or *apt]s4 ,! ^w ,ko-ji-ki means a ,record ( ,anci5t ,matt]s1 & appropriately designates ?is olde/ kn[n record ( ! my?ology1 hi/ory1 & cu/oms ( ! p ( ,japan4 ,x is ! ne>e/ approa* to a sacr$ scripture ( ! ,%9to cult :i* we possess4 ,x has be5 translat$ into ,engli%1 & suppli$ ) a le>n$ introduction & _m explanatory notes by ,basil ,h4 ,*amb]la91#f a di/+ui%$ s*ol>1 :o has made ! ,japanese language1 lit]ature1 & ar*ology a subject ( ext5sive & m9ute rese>*4 ,ano!r & mu* l>g] "w1 compris+ ?irty books1 & conta9+ a record ( mu* ( ! same my?ology & hi/ory z ! ,ko-ji-ki1 is call$ ! ,nihongi1 or ,*ronicles ( ,japan4#g ,x is a composite ( v>i\s elem5ts d]iv$ f num]\s diff]5t s\rces1 & :ile x reports 9 sub/ance ! my?s & /ories ( ! gods z !y are f\nd 9 ! ,ko-ji-ki1 x makes no m5tion ( t old] "w & omits "s ?+s :i* ! old] "w records4 ,x gives1 h[ev]1 a numb] & v>iety ( reports ( ! my?s & traditions1 in=m+ u h[1 9 "o anci5t writ+1 x is s & s record$2 9 ano!r writ+1 x is some:at diff]5tly told4 ,?is feature enhances its value = purposes ( comp>ison among ! v>y+ traditions4 ,?is lat] production lacks ! simplicity & orig9ality ( ! ,ko-ji-ki1 & be>s abundant evid5ce ( ! ,*9ese influ5ces "u :i* x 0 compos$4 ,x is writt5 = ! mo/ "p 9 ,*9ese1 & exhibits num]\s examples ( ! le>n+ & philosophical ca/ ( ?\ght peculi> to c]ta9 well-kn[n ,*9ese writ+s4 ,z a specim5 ( ?is rationali/ic type ( con/ru+ ! anci5t my?s ( creation1 we "h cite ! op5+ s5t5ces f ! fir/ book ( ! ,nihongi3 ,( old1 ,heav5 & ,e>? 7 n yet sep>at$1 & ! ,9 & ,yo or ,y9 & ,yang1 female & male pr9ciples n yet divid$4 ,!y =m$ a *aotic mass1 l an egg1 :i* 0 ( obscurely def9$ limits & conta9$ g]ms4 ,! pur] & cle>] "p 0 ?9ly drawn out & =m$ ,heav51 :ile ! heavi] & gross] elem5t settl$ d[n & became ,e>?4 ,! f9] elem5t easily became a unit$ body1 b ! consolidation ( ! heavy & gross elem5t 0 accompli%$ ) difficulty4 ,heav5 0 !re=e =m$ fir/1 & ,e>? 0 e/abli%$ subsequ5tly4 ,!reaft] ,div9e ,be+s 7 produc$ betwe5 !m4 ,h5ce x is said t :5 ! _w began to be creat$1 ! soil1 ( :i* l&s 7 compos$1 float$ ab\t 9 a mann] :i* might be comp>$ to ! float+ ( a fi% sport+ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,at ?is "t a c]ta9 ?+ 0 produc$ betwe5 ,heav5 & ,e>?4 ,x 0 9 =m l a re$-%oot4 ,n[ ?is became trans=m$ into a god1 & 0 call$ ,kuni-toko-ta*i no ,mikoto ,l&-et]nal-/&-(-augu/ ?+4 ,next !re 0 ,kuni-no-sa-tsu*i l&-(-"r-soil1 & next1 ,toyo-kumu-nu ri*-=m-pla9--9 all1 ?ree deities4 ,^! 7 pure males1 spontane\sly develop$ by ! op]ation ( ! pr9ciple ( ,heav5 ! ,yo1 male pr9ciple4 ,! ,ko-ji-ki 0 writt5 ab\t #gab ,a4 ,d41 & ! ,nihongi 9 #gbj ,a4 ,d41 & !y are bo? rem>kable = ! nave & peculi> mann] 9 :i* !y unite toge!r 9 _! n>ratives matt]s ( traditional my?ology & ( hi/ory )\t app>5t consci\sness ( any notewor?y diff]5ces betwe5 ! two4 ,besides ^! rem>kable books !re is a ,code ( c]emonial laws1 9 fifty volumes1 kn[n z ! ,y5gi%iki1 :i* 0 publi%$ ,a4 ,d4 #ibg4 ,x includes a l>ge numb] ( anci5t ,japanese rituals1 call$ ,norito1 ( :i* sev]al h be5 translat$ into ,engli% & provid$ ) a comm5t>y & le>n$ notes by ,erne/ ,sat[ & ,k>l ,flor5z4#h ,!re is also an int]e/+ collection ( anci5t poems1 call$ ! ,manyo%u1 ,collection ( ,myriad ,leaves1 :i* furni%es num]\s pictures ( ! life ( ! e>ly ,japanese1 bo? be=e & aft] ! "t ( ! compilation ( ! ,ko-ji-ki & ! ,nihongi4 ,!re are also ! volum9\s writ+s ( ! ?ree fam\s ,%9to s*ol>s1 ,mabu*i1 ,mot[ori1 & ,hirata1 :o fl\ri%$ betwe5 ! middle ( ! eighte5? & ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & effect$ an intellectual revolution & a rem>kable revival ( ! ,%9to cult4#i #f4 ,japanese ,cosmogony & ,my?ology4 ,our /udy ( ,%9to may well beg9 by a brief notice ( ,japanese cosmogony z pres5t$ at ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,ko-ji-ki3 ,i1 ,yasum>o1 say3 ,n[ :5 *aos _h begun to cond5se1 b =ce & =m 7 n yet manife/1 & !re 0 naught nam$1 naught done1 :o c\ld "k its %ape8 ,nev]!less ,heav5 & ,e>? fir/ p>t$1 & ! ,?ree ,deities p]=m$ ! comm5cem5t ( creation2 ! ,passive & ,active ,ess5ces !n develop$1 & ! ,two ,spirits became ! ance/ors ( all ?+s4 ,!re=e did he ,izanagi ent] obscurity & em]ge into light1 & ! ,sun & ,moon 7 reveal$ by ! wa%+ ( 8 eyes2 he float$ on & plung$ into ! sea-wat]1 & heav5ly & e>?ly ,deities appe>$ ?r\gh ! ablutions ( 8 p]son4 ,s 9 ! dimness ( ! great beg9n+1 we1 by rely+ on ! orig9al tea*+1 le>n ! "t ( ! conception ( ! e>? & ( ! bir? ( isl&s2 9 ! remot5ess ( ! orig9al beg9n+1 we by tru/+ ! =m] sages1 p]ceive ! era ( ! g5esis ( ,deities & ( ! e/abli%m5t ( m54 ,?is brief fragm5t f ! compil]'s ,preface furni%es a cond5s$ outl9e ( :at we read 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! ,ko-ji-ki1 & x indicates ! peculi> cosmogony ( ! ,japanese my?ology4 ,! e>ly sections ( ! book record ! names ( ! fir/ deities1 :o are said to h be5 born alone1 & hid _! p]sons2 :i* seems to mean t !y came into be+ 9 "s exceptional way1 & !n disappe>$4 ,!n foll[$ :at are t]m$ ! ,sev5 ,div9e ,g5]ations1 among :i* we f9d su* names z ! ,e>?ly-et]nally-/&+-,deity1 ! ,mud-,e>?-,"l1 & 8 y\ng] si/]1 ! ,mud-,e>?-,lady2 ! ,g]m-,integrat+ ,deity1 & 8 y\ng] si/]1 ! ,life-,integrat+ ,deity4 ,^! sev5 g5]ations ( gods end ) ! bir? ( a bro!r & si/]1 nam$ ,izanagi & ,izanami 7i4 e41 ! male-:o-invites & ! female-:o-invites74 ,^! two are comm&$ by ! high] & m anci5t heav5ly deities to make1 consolidate1 & give bir? to ?is drift+ l&2 :]eupon !y two1 /&+ ^u ! float+ ,bridge ( ,heav51 pu%$ d[n a jewell$ spe>1 & /irr$ ! ocean br9e till x became ?ick & /icky2#aj & !n1 draw+ ! spe> upw>d1 ! br9e t dropp$ d[n f ! end ( ! spe> became an isl&4 ,^u ?is isl& ,izanagi & ,izanami desc5d$ f ! ,heav5 above1 & 9 c\rse ( "t g5]at$ all ! isl&s ( ! ,japanese _w4 ,:5 !y _h f9i%$ giv+ bir? to c\ntries !y proce$$ to give bir? to deities1 & s by !m 7 begott5 f\rte5 isl&s & ?irty-five deities4 ,!re is little room to d\bt t ,izanagi & ,izanami are a my?ological repres5tation ( ! g5]ative p[]s ( nature2 b _! portraiture 9 ! ,japanese lit]ature has probably receiv$ "s color+ f ,*9ese influ5ce & ?\ght4 ,b 9 giv+ bir? to ! deity ( fire1 ,izanami di$1 & h] bro!r buri$ h]1 & draw+ 8 mighty sword he proce$$ to cut (f ! head ( 8 son1 ! deity ( fire4 ,:]eupon1 wond]ful to tell1 sixte5 deities 7 born f ! blood & ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body ( ! fire-god4 ,among ! names ( ^! we f9d su* titles z ,rock-splitt]1 ,root-splitt]1 ,brave-snapp+1 & ,possessor-(-,m\nta9s2 & ! "n ( ! sword :i* cleft ! head ( ! fire-god 0 ,heav5ly1 or ,maje/ic-,po9t-,blade-,ext5d$4 ,aft] ! bir? ( ^! deities1 ,izanagi long$ to see aga9 8 si/] & sp\se1 & w5t to seek h] 9 ! und]world4 ,he call$ to h] & ask$ h] to come back to him4 ,%e answ]$ t su* 0 h] desire1 b %e mu/ consult ! deities ( ,hades1 & %e bade him wait1 say+1 ,look n at me4 ,"o c n help comp>+ "h ! ,greek my? ( ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,orpheus desc5d$ into ! l[] _w1 *>m$ ,pluto ) 8 lyre1 & obta9$ p]mission = 8 wife ,eurydice to return1 foll[+ beh9d him1 b only on condition t ,orpheus %\ld n look back at h] till !y _h bo? rea*$ ! upp] _w4 ,he grew impati5t1 look$ back to see if %e 7 inde$ foll[+1 & %e at once vani%$ f 8 sight4 ,accord+ to ! ,japanese my?1 h[ev]1 ,izanagi grew tir$ ( wait+ outside1 made a light & ent]$1 & 0 %ock$ to behold maggots sw>m+ ov] h] body1 & eight ?und]-deities dwell+ 9 h] rott+ =m :]e !y _h be5 born4 ,he turn$ & fl$ back1 b %e pursu$ him ) ! =ces ( ! und]world4 ,he succe$$ 9 driv+ !m all back1 & ) a mighty rock block$ up ! pass ( ,hades4 ,!n he w5t to purify himself by ba?+ 9 a /ream1 & f 8 /aff1 & girdle1 & bracelet1 & v>i\s g>m5ts1 & f ! fil? :i* he contract$ 9 ! und]world 7 born a multitude ( deities1 be>+ composite names ( /range significance4 ,!re 0 also born1 z he wa%$ 8 left eye1 a deity :o 0 call$ ! ,heav5-,%9+-,great-,augu/ ,"o2 & f 8 "r eye 0 born ! ,moon-,night-,possessor1 & z he wa%$ 8 nose !re 0 born ,susa-no-,wo1 ,impetu\s-,male-,deity4 ,b we ne$ n pursue fur!r ?is seem+ly endless g5ealogy ( ! deities4 ,we are told 9 section xxx t 9 a div9e assembly ( eight hundr$ myriad deities x 0 decid$ to s5d "o ( _! numb] to gov]n ! ,c5tral ,l& ( ,re$-,pla9s1 & subdue ! savage ,e>?ly ,deities4 ,v>i\s deities 7 s5t1 & at l5g? a gr&*ild ( ! ,sun-,goddess#aa became ! ,rul] ( ! ,empire1 & be>s ! composite "n ( ,kamu-yamato-ih>e-biko1 b is commonly call$ by 8 canonical "n1 ,jimmu1 a title giv5 him long aft] 8 decease4 ,f su* heav5ly orig9 sprang all ! ,emp]ors ( ,japan1 & ! pres5t ,mikado1 l all 8 pr$ecessors1 is ?us conceiv$ z an (fspr+ ( ,heav51 a direct desc5dant ( ! anci5t heav5ly deities4 ,! significance ( ?is fact w appe> conspicu\sly :5 we come to notice m p>ticul>ly ! ess5tial elem5ts 9 ! ,%9to cult4 ,on ?is rem>kable cosmogony & my?ology we d well at ?is po9t to (f] ! foll[+ obs]vations3 7#a7 ,^! acc\nts ( ! orig9 ( ! ,japanese ,ar*ipelago & its rul]s are reg>d$ z g5u9e traditions h&$ d[n f =m] ages4 ,"o "p ( ! tradition is t ! ,emp]or1 :o took pa9s to h ! old records c>efully look$ aft]1 employ$ a p]son liv+ 9 8 h\sehold1 :o 0 gift$ ) m>vel\s memory2 he c\ld repeat )\t mi/ake ! cont5ts ( any docum5t he _h ev] se51 & nev] =got any?+ t he _h he>d2 & f ! lips ( ?is man ( prodigi\s memory ! scribe ,yasum>o wrote d[n ! cont5ts ( ! ,ko-ji-ki4#ab 7#b7 ,notice1 9 ! next place1 t ! isl& _w ( ,japan is all ! _w :i* ^! records "k any?+ ab\t4 ,! univ]se ( ?is cosmogony consi/s ( ! isl&s ( ! ,c5tral-,l& ( ! ,re$-,pla9s1 ) _! inl& & surr\nd+ seas1 & ! ,pla9 ( ,high ,heav51 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 n conceiv$ z v f> away above !m4 7#c7 ,! entire description ( ! beg9n+s ( heav51 & e>?1 & gods1 & m5 accords ) ! idea ( a cont9u\s process ( evolution4 ,! fir/ ?ree heav5ly deities 7 born alone1 & hid _! p]sons1 or disappe>$4 ,all ! o!r deities are spok5 ( z begott51 or born1 & ! deities give bir? to ! diff]5t isl&s ( ! e>?4#ac 7#d7 ,! _w-idea ( ?is old my?ology is 9 notable keep+ ) ! ance/or wor%ip1 & ! ,animism :i* ent] s l>gely into ! ,%9to fai?4 ,9 spite ( all ! w>s & discords ( ! deities1 ?is a primordial monism1 s to speak1 at ! basis ( ,japanese cosmogony1 & ( all its div]se g5]ations ( ! heav5s & ! e>?2 & yet !re is no "o ,supreme ,rul] 9 all ! ,pan!on ( eight hundr$ myriad gods4 ,:5 a great c\ncil ( ! gods assembles 9 ! b$ ( ! ,tranquil ,heav5ly ,riv]1 no "o deity is *ief among !m1 & we are at a loss to imag9e :o has au?ority to call !m toge!r or to preside ov] ! assembly4 ,izanagi seems = a :ile to be ! *ief creator & rul]1 b aft] a "t he disappe>s1 & ! ,sun ,goddess1 8 daught] ,amat]asu1 has h] heav5ly doma9 %ak5 & ravag$ by h] y\ng] bro!r1 b is av5g$ by ! heav5ly assembly ( gods1 :o f9e & puni% ! (f5d]1 & expel him ) a div9e expulsion4 ,s ! ,sun ,goddess ma9ta9s h] dom9ion by ! help ( ! eight hundr$ myriad gods1 no "o ( :om is inve/$ ) supreme p[]4 ,x appe>s f c]ta9 poems ( ! ,manyo%u t ! moon z well z ! sun 0 ext5sively wor%ip$ among ! primitive ,japanese4#ad 7#e7 ,x accords ) all ^! ideas t ! devotees ( ! pure ,%9to fai? trace all _! hi/ory back to ! age ( ! gods1 & recognize "s deity 91 or back (1 all ph5om5a4 ,japan is ! c\ntry ( ! gods2 e ,japanese is a desc5dant or (fspr+ ( ! gods1 & ! ,mikado is ! direct desc5dant ( ! imp]ial l9e :i* has cont9u$ 9 unbrok5 succession f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,japan is1 !re=e1 sup]ior to all o!r c\ntries1 & ! ,japanese1 be+ ?us directly f ! gods1 are sup]ior 9 e respect to o!r p4 ,sprung f ! gods1 !y ne$ no codes ( moral law 7l ! ,*9ese71 = !y are naturally p]fect1 & d ! "r ?+s spontane\sly4 #g4 ,! ,japanese a ,self-c5t]$ ,p4 ,! ,japanese p1 ) su* traditions & su* a fai?1 w\ld naturally be a self-c5t]$ p1 & !y conceiv$ _! isl&-empire z occupy+ ! summit ( ! e>?4 ,! ,mikado is ! ,son ( ,heav51 entitl$ & emp[]$ to reign p]petually ov] ! l& & ! sea4 ,b z all ! p are desc5dants ( ! gods1 & ! isl&s & all t is 9 !m h also be5 begott5 ( ! gods1 x foll[s t ! wor%ip ( ance/ors is a wor%ip ( all ! gods ( :om !y h k1 & all ! l[] animate & inanimate ?+s 9 ! _w are also 9 "s way in/9ct ) ! deities f :om !y 7 born1 & ^: !y are4 ,accord+ly1 ! honor+ ( ! gods is a fundam5tal ?+ 9 ! ,%9to ?\ght & 9 ! ,japanese civilization & gov]nm5t4 ,e loyal subject ( ! ,mikado's ,empire is expect$ to be true to ! anci5t fai?4 ,x is assum$ t religion & wor%ip & ! prop] adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t are all ess5tial to ea* o!r4 ,! ,japanese ^w 7,matsuri-goto71 :i* is us$ to d5ote ! art ( gov]nm5t1 means1 lit]ally1 wor%ip+4 ,& x is a common ?\ght & say+3 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! _w dep5ds on ! _s ( ! gods ( heav5 & e>?1 & !re=e ! wor%ip ( ! gods is a matt] ( prim>y importance4 ,! gods :o d h>m are to be appeas$1 s t !y may n puni% ^? :o h (f5d$ !m2 & all ! gods are to be wor%ip$1 s t !y may be induc$ to increase _! favors4#ae ,"o ( ! rules :i* all ! m9i/]s ( ! ,mikado emphasiz$ 9 ! old times1 be=e ! introduction ( ,buddhism into ,japan1 01 ,fir/ s]ve ! gods1 & aft]w>ds delib]ate on matt]s ( gov]nm5t4#af #h4 ,ess5ce ( ! ,%9to ,cult4 ,f :at we h n[ /at$ x is to be se5 t rev]5ce & wor%ip ( ! ance/ors ( ! ,japanese1 & ! recognition ( ! ,mikado's div9ity z ! inc>nation & e>?ly repres5tation ( ! cele/ial gods1 con/itute ! ess5ce ( ! ,%9to cult4 ,all ! ,japanese are (fspr+s ( ! gods1 b ! imp]ial ,sovran ,gr&*ild ( ,amat]asu1 ! ,sun-,goddess1#ag is pre-em95tly div9e & wor%ipful4 ,! fir/ ,mikado1 h[ev]1 0 n ! real son ( ,amat]asu1 accord+ to ! my?ic tradition ( ! prehi/oric "t1 b h] nephew1 ! son ( ,o%i-ho-mi-mi1 :om %e adopt$ z h] son4 ,b ! title ( ,sovran ,gr&*ild1 hav+ be5 appli$ fir/ to ! f\nd] ( ! ,mikado's dyna/y1 came 9 "t to be ! common title ( all ! ,mikado's successors4 ,! imp]ial wor%ip1 accord+ly1 repres5ts ! mo/ conspicu\s national =m ( ! ,%9to cult4 #i4 ,! ,great ,sanctu>ies4 ,! ,mikado's palace w\ld1 accord+ly1 be ! mo/ holy %r9e ( ! national wor%ip1 ! private & exclusive sanctu>y ( ! imp]ial ance/ors4 ,b ! mo/ notable %r9e ( ! ,sun-,goddess is n n[ ! resid5ce ( ! ,mikado4 ,on acc\nt ( "s great calamity t occurr$ f> back 9 prehi/oric times1 h] wor%ip 0 remov$ to a sep>ate temple1 & 0 f9ally e/abli%$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,is1 9 :i* ! temples1 call$ ! ,two great div9e ,palaces1 are ! resort ( ?\s&s ( pilgrims e ye>1 &1 ?\gh n ! mo/ anci5t1 are reg>d$ z fir/ among all ! ,%9to temples 9 ! l&4#ah ,^! two div9e palaces1 or temples1 call$ ,geku & ,naiku1 are ab\t ?ree miles ap>t1 & /& 9 ! mid/ ( groves ( ag$ cryptom]ia trees4#ai ,!y are approa*$ ?r\gh ar*ways 7call$ torii1 or toriwi7 ( simple con/ruction4 ,! ,geku temple is an irregul> oblong /ructure1 #bdg feet wide at ! front1 b only #bce feet wide 9 ! re>2 :ile ! side to ! "r ( ! entrance is #cci feet1 & t on ! left is #cce4 ,)9 ?is l>ge enclosure are o!rs ( simil> /ructure1 all made ( ! wood ( cryptom]ia trees1 & left unpa9t$ & )\t ornam5tation4 ,! v>i\s build+s ( ! temples are ?us fa%ion$ aft] ! mann] ( ! simple huts1 or dwell+s ( ! e>lie/ inhabitants ( ^! isl&s4 ,"s ( ! build+s are cov]$ ) ?at*$ ro(s & h _! walls & doors made ( r\gh matt+4 ,mr4 ,sat[1 :o has visit$ & describ$ ! temples ( ,is1 says t ,all ! build+s :i* =m "p ( ! two temples are con/ruct$ 9 a /yle t is disappo9t+ 9 its simplicity & p]i%able nature4444 ,none b ^? :i* are ro($ ) ?at* are entitl$ to be consid]$ z be+ 9 /rict con=mity ) ! pr9ciples ( g5u9e ,%9to temple ar*itecture4#bj ,! p]i%able nature ( ^! temples is su* t x becomes necess>y1 & is1 9 fact1 ! /&+ rule1 to rebuild !m e tw5ty ye>s4 ,two sites = ea* temple are us$ alt]natively2 !y lie close to ea* o!r1 s t ! new build+ is con/ruct$ & ready = use be=e ! old "o is remov$4 ,! temple :i*1 ?\gh less v5]at$ ?an ^? at ,is1 is ! %r9e-c5t] ( ! m anci5t ,%9to cult1 is ! "o at ,kitzuki1 9 ! anci5t prov9ce ( ,idzumo4 ,^! fam\s %r9es ( ,is & ,kitzuki repres5t ! two supreme cults ( ,%9to2 namely1 t ( ! ,sun-,goddess1 ,amat]asu1 & t ( ,oho-kuni-nu%i1 (fspr+ ( ! bro!r ( ! ,sun-,goddess1 :o became ! rul] ( ! unse5 _w ( ! spirits ( ! dead4 ,b !re are _m o!r great temples ma9ta9$ 9 :ole or 9 "p f ! imp]ial rev5ues4 ,"s are ( great] sanctity & r5[n ?an o!rs1 b ^? ( ,is & ,kitzuki are ! mo/ celebrat$1 & e ,%9to wor%ip] is expect$1 at lea/ once 9 8 lifetime1 to make a pilgrimage himself1 or s5d a deputy to "o ( ^! mo/ fam\s %r9es4 #aj4 ,five ,notewor?y ,objects ,connect$ ) ! ,wor%ip4 ,"o notewor?y fact is ! abs5ce ( images f ! pure ,%9to temples2 t is1 images expos$ z objects ( wor%ip4 ,b !re is a numb] ( objects connect$ ) ^! sacr$ places :i* %\ld receive brief notice3 7#a7 ,!re is1 fir/1 ! wood5 ar*way 7call$ torii1 or toriwi7 ?r\gh :i* "o passes 9 approa*+ ! temples4 ,x consi/s ( two upright po/s set 9 ! gr\nd on ! tops ( :i* is laid a long /raight beam1 ! two ends ( :i* project a little beyond ! uprights4 ,"u ?is top beam is ano!r horizontal beam connect+ ! two side po/s aft] ! mann] ( a gird]4 ,accord+ to ,sat[1 ,! toriwi 0 orig9ally a p]* = ! f[ls (f]$ up to ! gods1 n z food1 b to give w>n+ at daybreak4 ,x 0 erect$ on any side ( ! temple indiff]5tly4 ,9 lat] times1 n improbably aft] ! introduction ( ,buddhism1 its orig9al mean+ 0 =gott51 & x 0 plac$ 9 front only & suppos$ to be a gateway4#ba 7#b7 ,opposite ! v>i\s entrances to ! temples is plac$ a wood5 scre51 or f5ce1 call$ ,banpei1 :i* s]ves z 9 o!r dwell+s to gu>d & hide ! privacy ( ! int]ior4 7#c7 ,ano!r object ( special int]e/ is ! ,g-hei1 a sl5d] w&1 orig9ally a bran* ( ! sacr$ tree call$ sakaki4 ,f ! ,g-hei hang two long slips ( :ite pap] not*$ on ! opposite sides4 ,^! w&s ( unpa9t$ wood are suppos$ to repres5t (f]+s ( :ite clo? & to h ! p[] ( attract+ ! gods to ! places :]e !y are kept4 7#d7 ,! (f]+s pres5t$ consi/ ( cups ( wat] & small vessels fill$ ) rice1 vegetables1 fruits1 salt1 fi%1 birds1 & o!r simple/ products ( ! l& & ( ! sea4 ,x is notewor?y t we f9d no bloody sacrificial rites 9 ,%9to wor%ip1 9 :i* "o life1 animal or human1 0 made a vic>i\s sub/itute = a guilty s\l4 7#e7 ,! sacr$ mirror1 :i* figures 9 ! my?ology ( ! ,sun-,goddess1 & is said to h be5 once us$ to entice h] f a cave into :i* %e _h hid h]self 9 a spell ( ang]1 is c>efully gu>d$ 9 "o ( ^! temples1 & also _m copies ( ! mirror4 ,ea* mirror is conta9$ 9 a box :i* is furni%$ ) eight h&les1 f\r on ! box itself & f\r on ! lid4 ,! box re/s on a l[ /& & is cov]$ ) a piece ( clo? said to be :ite silk4 ,! mirror itself is wrapp$ 9 a brocade bag1 :i* is nev] op5$ or r5ew$1 b :5 x beg9s to fall to pieces f age1 ano!r bag is put on1 s t ! actual cov]+ consi/s ( num]\s lay]s4 ,ov] ! :ole is plac$ a sort ( cage ( unpa9t$ wood ) ornam5ts said to be ( pure gold1 & ov] ?is aga9 is ?r[n a sort ( curta9 ( co>se silk1 desc5d+ to ! floor on all sides4#bb ,"o c n read ?is description ( ! sacr$ mirror ?us secretly gu>d$ 9 a co/ly box )\t be+ rem9d$ ( ! sacr$ ark ( ! ,levitical sanctu>y1 & its enclos$ tables ( te/imony4 #aa4 ,! ,ance/or ,wor%ip4 ,we h already obs]v$ t ance/or wor%ip is ! basis ( ! ,%9to cult4 ,?is k9d ( wor%ip is also conspicu\s among ! ,*9ese1 & is held by _m writ]s to h be5 ! orig9al cult ( all civiliz$ races & peoples4 ,x began1 !y tell u1 ) a belief 9 gho/s1 & at ! fir/ !re 0 no cle> di/9ction betwe5 gho/s & gods4 ,! dep>t$ _s 0 ?\ght ( z abid+ ne> ! place :]e ! dead body 0 deposit$1 & ! e>lie/ %r9es w\ld !re=e be ! graves or tombs ( ! dead4 ,lat] ?\ght w\ld beget ! idea t ! invisible spirits 7 pres5t to witness ! acts1 & %>e ! joys & sorr[s ( ! liv+4 ,& ?is fundam5tal idea w\ld1 ( c\rse1 develop into _m div]se conceptions & practices among ! diff]5t tribes4 ,)\t "h discuss+ ?is !ory ( aborig9al religi\s ?\ght & practice1 z applicable to all peoples1 we may note t x accords ) ! facts ( ,japanese hi/ory & civilization s f> z we c n[ trace !m back into ! mi/s ( prehi/oric "t4#bc ,we h se5 t ,japanese hi/ory & my?ology run toge!r & bl5d 9 rem>kable artlessness z !y /& record$ 9 ! olde/ lit]ature 7e4 g41 ! ,ko-ji-ki & ! ,nihongi74 ,un?9kable mon/rosities ( ! orig9 ( gods & l&s & m5 are told ) ! same simplicity z ! unque/ionable facts ( hi/oric times4 ,b tak+ ! "o lead+ ?\ght :i* runs ?r\gh all ^! records & appe>s to be fundam5tal 9 ! ,japanese civilization--namely1 t all _! isl&s & emp]ors & *iefs & p are (fspr+ ( ! gods1 ! v fir/ ( :om 7 someh[ self-evolv$ f ! primordial elem5ts ( ! univ]se--we look ^u ! ,%9to wor%ip z x exi/s 9 its pure/ =m to-day1 & note ! mo/ app>5t facts4 ,mr4 ,lafcadio ,he>n1 9 8 attempt at an int]pretation ( ,japan1 has1 m cle>ly ?an any o!r writ] ,i h consult$1 describ$ ! ,%9to ance/or-wor%ip "u its ?ree =ms ( ,dome/ic1 ,communal1 & ,/ate cults4 ,9 e case x is a wor%ip ( ! dead1 b ! individual1 :e!r he be ! mo/ obscure s]vant1 ! influ5tial citiz51 ! comm&+ *iefta91 or ev5 ! ,mikado1 is b a "p & p>cel ( ! body politic4 ,!re is a mo/ rem>kable unity ( popul> & national life4 ,gov]nm5t & religion are virtually id5tical1 & !re is no di/9ction betwe5 religion & morality4 ,ob$i5ce & con=mity to ! rules ( family life1 & to ! cu/oms ( society & ! requirem5ts ( ! ,/ate--^! are ! simple sum-total ( ,%9to law & gospel4 ,! individual mu/ always /& ready to be sacrific$ = ! good ( ! community or ( ! ,/ate4 ,ev]y?+ is to be reg>d$ z public1 & mu/ s]ve ! public weal4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z privacy1 & oddities h no respectable /&+4 ,tradition & cu/om seem to con/itute ! ess5ce ( religion z well z ( family1 communal1 & m public life4 ,!re is no code ( moral law2 !re is no?+ 9 ! wor%ip t is fairly comp>able to :at we und]/& by dogma1 cre$1 or ,*ur*4 ,/rictly speak+1 ?is sy/em has no heav5 or hell1 no deep s5se ( s91 & no concept ( m$iatorial r$emption f s9 & evil4 ,! dead--all ! dead ( all ! ages--are conceiv$ z someh[ liv+ 9 ! unse5 vacancy ar\nd1 above1 bel[2 !y are pres5t at ! wor%ip2 !y haunt ! tombs2 !y are int]e/$ 9 ! life & works ( _! desc5dants2 !y visit _! =m] homes & att5d ! family wor%ip !re2 _! happ9ess1 9 fact1 dep5ds ^u ! honor & wor%ip :i* _! liv+ desc5dants pay !m2 & also ! happ9ess & prosp]ity ( ! liv+ is believ$ to dep5d ^u _! s5se ( filial duty & prop] rev]5ce t[>d ! dead4 ,fur!rmore1 all ! dead are suppos$ to become gods & atta9 to sup]natural p[]4 ,b !re is no "o ,supreme ,deity2 no c5tral ?rone ( ,god2 no p>adise ( heav5ly bless$ness4 ,s f> z any ideas ( ?is k9d obta9 among ! p1 !y may be reg>d$ z lat] conceptions introduc$ by mission>ies or adh]5ts ( o!r religi\s sy/ems4 ,b ! cult implies beyond "q a belief 9 "s k9d ( future life4 ,! ,yomi1 or ,hades1 ( ,%9to my?ology1 into :i* ,izanagi w5t to seek 8 lo/ si/]1 0 conceiv$ z a hide\s & pollut$ l&1 & ev5 ! realm ( ! unse5 heav5ly deities 0 nev] long$ = by ! devotees ( ,%9to4 ,dooman obs]ves t to ! ,japanese m9d & imag9ation ,japan1 z a place ( resid5ce1 0 f> sup]ior to heav51 & its inhabitants a f> m desirable society ?an ^? liv+ 9 ! transc5d5t regions4 ,we see t e god :o is s5t f heav5 to ,japan on "s important bus9ess by ! div9e assembly m>ries1 & is utt]ly unwill+ to g back once m to ! place f :i* he desc5d$4#bd #ab4 ,elem5ts ( ,animism4 ,! ance/or-wor%ip ( ,%9to c n be disassociat$ altoge!r f ! elem5ts ( ,animism :i* appe> 9 ! names & titles ( c]ta9 deities1 & also 9 ! fact t !re are evil gods & demons :o are capable ( work+ mis*ief & calamity 9 ! family1 ! community1 & ! ,/ate4 ,h[ ^! evil deities orig9at$ is matt] ( my?1 leg5d1 & speculation4 ,bad m5 w\ld naturally be suppos$ to c>ry _! evil "* ) !m into ! unse5 _w ( ! dead1 & to h ! same p[] to "w h>m among ! liv+ z ! good spirits h to be/[ b5efits4 ,b human spirits w\ld h>dly be suppos$ to become deities ( ! w9d1 & ! ?und]1 & ! waves1 & ! m\nta9s2 ( ! trees1 & ! fire1 & ! sun1 & ! moon1 & ! autumn1 & ! food ( m54 ,"h ! old my?ology ( ! ,ko-ji-ki comes 9 to tell u ( a prehi/oric & cosmical orig9 ( evils4 ,:5 ,izanagi w5t to f9d 8 si/] ,izanami 9 ! hide\s & pollut$ und]world1 & f\nd h] body sw>m+ ) maggots & eight ?und] deities dwell+ 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( h] decay+ =m1 he fl$ back 9 a/oni%m5t & awe1 & %e 9 a rage ( %ame pursu$ him ) all ! horrid =ces ( t ne!r sph]e4 ,he escap$1 b n )\t contract+ mu* pollution on 8 augu/ p]son1 & :5 he s\ght to wa% & cleanse himself 9 ! wat]s ( a c]ta9 riv]1 !re 7 born f ! fil? ( 8 p]son two deities1 nam$ ! wondr\s deity ( eighty evils1 & ! wondr\s deity ( great evils4 ,^! evil gods aft]w>ds multipli$1 & may be suppos$ to be ! au?ors ( all ! demons1 gobl9s1 & mis*iev\s spirits ( evil t di/urb ! _w & its inhabitants4 ,b !re are also good spirits innum]able t animate all mov+ ?+s4 ,! w9ds & ! wat]s1 ! songs ( birds & ! hum ( ! bees1 ! gr[+ plants & trees1 are all in/9ct ) a sort ( consci\s life1 & ! spirits t live & move 9 !m are to be recogniz$ & rev]5c$ by pray]s & (f]+s4 ,! spirits ( dead ance/ors & ! p[]ful spirits ( ! w9ds & ! /orms & ! gr[?s ( nature may or may n h be5 suppos$ to h conc]t ( action und]/ood betwe5 !m4 ,! ,japanese m9d seems nev] to h elaborat$ any =mal philosophy ( ?is life or any specific !ories ( ! life to come4 #ac4 ,! ,dome/ic ,cult4 ,! simple/ & mo/ orig9al =m ( ! ,%9to wor%ip is t ( ! family4 ,9 ! inn] *amb] ( e home !re is a high %elf aga9/ ! wall call$ ! ,%elf ( ! ,augu/ ,spirits4 ,^u x is plac$ a m9iature temple1 9 :i* are deposit$ little tablets ( :ite wood be>+ ! names ( ! deceas$ memb]s ( ! h\sehold4 ,^! are (t5 spok5 ( z _s /icks & _s sub/itutes4 ,be=e ^! h\sehold %r9es simple (f]+s are (f]$ daily & a few words ( pray] are spok54 ,! c]emony is a v %ort "o1 b z regul> z ! com+ ( ! day4 ,x is usually p]=m$ by ! head ( ! family1 b x frequ5tly devolves ^u ! woman1 ! "m or ! gr&mo!r1 r ?an ! fa!r4 ,no religion1 says ,he>n1 is m s9c]e1 no fai? m t\*+ ?an ?is dome/ic wor%ip1 :i* reg>ds ! dead z cont9u+ to =m a "p ( ! h\sehold life & ne$+ /ill ! affection & ! respect ( _! *ildr5 & k9dr$4 ,orig9at+ 9 ^? dim ages :5 fe> 0 /rong] ?an love1 444 ! cult at la/ develop$ into a religion ( affection2 & ?is x yet rema9s4 ,! belief t ! dead ne$ affection1 t to neglect !m is a cruelty1 t _! happ9ess dep5ds ^u duty1 is a belief t has almo/ ca/ out ! primitive fe> ( _! displeasure4 ,!y are n ?\ght ( z dead3 !y are believ$ to rema9 among ^? :o lov$ !m4 ,unse51 !y gu>d ! home & wat* ov] ! welf>e ( its inmates2 !y hov] nightly 9 ! gl[ ( ! %r9e-lamp1 & ! /irr+ ( its flame is ! motion ( !m4444 ,f _! %r9e !y obs]ve & he> :at happ5s 9 ! h\se2 !y %>e ! family joys & sorr[s4 ,!y 7 ! giv]s ( life2 !y repres5t ! pa/ ( ! race1 & all its sacrifices4444 ,yet1 h[ little d !y require 9 return6 ,sc>cely m ?an to be ?ank$1 z f\nd]s & gu>dians ( ! home1 9 simple words l ^!3 ',= aid receiv$1 by day & by night1 accept1 augu/ ones1 our rev]5tial gratitude4'#be #ad4 ,! ,communal ,cult4 ,! next phase ( ! ,%9to wor%ip to be notic$ is t :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! temples scatt]$ ab\t ev]y:]e 9 ! l& & :i* are said to numb] ov] #aie1jjj at ! pres5t "t4 ,9 e community1 village1 & l>ge city is f\nd ! p>i%-temple1 & 9 ! l>g] t[ns ea* section or di/rict has its public %r9e1 9 :i* ! :ole community honor ! deifi$ ance/ors ( c]ta9 noble families ( anci5t "t1 or ! _s ( ! fir/ great patri>* ( ! clan4 ,! f>m]s1 or ^? :o till ! fields1 usually dwell 9 a village on ! pr9cipal highway1 & g out !nce to "w ! rural di/ricts r\nd ab\t4 ,s ! villages v>y 9 size f fifty h\ses set on a s+le /reet half a mile long to a l>ge t[n ( _m hundr$ h\ses4 ,9 ,simmons & ,wigmore's ,notes on ,l& ,t5ure & ,local ,in/itutions 9 ,old ,japan1#bf we read t ! ,japanese rural population is1 z a rule1 exce$+ly /able4 ,! villag]s are = ! mo/ "p engag$ :olly or p>tially z cultivators ( l&1 & 9 ! va/ majority ( cases _m g5]ations ( cultivators h be5 born & h di$ on ! same spot4 ,f ! almo/ numb]less replies to inquiries1 ! answ] usually is1 ',we d n "k :]e our ance/ors came f1 or :5 !y came to live on ?is spot4 ,our temple regi/] may tell1 b we h nev] ?\ght ab\t ! matt]4' ,! deity honor$ at ^! village temples is call$ ! ,ujigami1 & recogniz$ z ! patri>*al & tutel>y god ( ! community4 ,j :e!r he 7 ! clan-ance/or ( ! fir/ settl]s 9 t p>ticul> p>i%1 or ! _s ( "s mighty rul] ( t di/rict at a =m] "t1 or ! patron-god ( "s noble family once resid5t !re1 is z unc]ta9 z ! k ( ! common villag]s t\*+ _! e>lie/ prog5itors4 ,b 9 e class ^! ,ujigami 7 wor%ip$ z ! tutel> deity ( ! community 9 :i* ! temple /ood4 ,also1 9 ! l>g] t[ns !re are ,%9to temples d$icat$ to c]ta9 patron-gods ( o!r localities4 ,ea* "o ( ^! p>i% temples naturally has a mo/ intimate relation to ! life ( ! community ab\t x4 ,?i!r e *ild born 9 ! p>i% is tak51 :5 a mon? old1 & =mally nam$ & plac$ "u ! protection ( ! ance/ral deity4 ,z x gr[s up x is regul>ly tak5 to obs]ve all ! fe/ivals & ! processions & c]emonies1 & ! temple groves & g>d5s become its common playgr\nd4 ,!re is no?+ somb] or solemn ab\t ?is religi\s cult to sc>e a *ild1 b r v mu* to attract & int]e/4#bg ,e village temple has its appo9t$ days ( public wor%ip1 & neighbor+ di/ricts vie ) ea* o!r 9 mak+ _! great fe/ival days occasions ( popul> delight4 ,to ^! joy\s fe/ivals e family contributes accord+ to ability1 & ! wor%ip is accompani$ by public amusem5ts ( v>i\s k9ds1 a?letic sports1 & ! sale ( toys = *ildr54 ,! temple wor%ip consi/$ 9 ! pres5tation ( (f]+s ( clo?1 h]bs1 fruits1 & o!r ( ! mo/ common products ( ! c\ntry1 & 9 a ritual pray] enum]at+ ! v>i\s gifts & supplicat+ = prosp]ity & success 9 all communal affairs1 = protection aga9/ sickness1 plague1 & fam9e1 & = ! triumph ( _! *iefta9s 9 "t ( w>4 ,9 ?is way ! ,ujigami 0 recogniz$ z ! tutel> deity ( ! community & ! di/rict1 ! abid+ fri5d & help] ( 8 (fspr+4 ,! communal cult ?us p[]fully confirm$ ! family cult1 & en=c$ ! lesson t no man c\ld live unto himself alone4 #ae4 ,! ,national ,cult4 ,b x is 9 ! ,/ate or ,national obs]vances ( ! great temples t ! ,%9to wor%ip is se5 9 its mo/ elaborat$ =m4 ,! sub/ance & mann] ( ?is wor%ip may be le>n$ f ! anci5t ,japanese rituals1 :i* make m5tion ( ! *ief deities1 enum]ate ! (f]+s t are pres5t$ at ! sacr$ %r9es1 & furni% u ! v language employ$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sovran gods4 ,h[ e>ly ^! rituals ( wor%ip 7 committ$ to writ+ is an op5 "q1 b x is altoge!r probable t 9 sub/ance !y _h be5 transmitt$ orally ?r\gh _m g5]ations be=e !y 7 put 9 writt5 =m4 ,f ^! rituals1 & ! practices ( ! wor%ip z !y may be obs]v$ at ! pres5t "t1 we are able to le>n ! *ief features ( ! s]vice4#bh ,9 connection ) ?is national wor%ip we may "h note 7#a7 t ! great fe/ivals & occasions ( wor%ip 7 obs]v$ 9 all ! pr9cipal temples at ! same "t2 7#b7 ! ,y5gi%iki m5tions #c1acb %r9es di/+ui%$ z great & small2 !re 7 #dib great %r9es1 & #b1fdj small ones4 ,b besides ^! !re 7 _m ?\s&s ( small]1 undi/+ui%$ temples scatt]$ all ov] ! l&s4 7#c7 ,^! v>i\s %r9es 7 d$icat$ to a great numb] ( deities1 & !re 7 _m gods :o receiv$ wor%ip 9 a numb] ( temples at "o & ! same "t4 7#d7 ,! (f]+s 7 made 9 ! "n ( ! ,sovran ,gr&*ild ( ! sun-goddess1 ! div9e title ( e ,mikado1 & ,sat[ rem>ks t x is difficult to resi/ ! sugge/ion t ! sun 0 ! e>lie/ among ! p[]s ( nature to be deifi$1 & t ! long s]ies ( gods :o prec$e h] 9 ! cosmogony ( ! ,ko-ji-ki & ,nihongi1 mo/ ( :om are %[n by _! names to h be5 m]e ab/ractions1 7 inv5t$ to give h] a g5ealogy1 into :i* 7 ins]t$ two or p]haps m ( h] own attributes1 p]sonifi$ z sep>ate deities4#bi 7#e7 ,! prie/hood seems to h be5 = ! mo/ "p h]$it>y1 & _m prie/s claim$ desc5t f ! *ief deity to :om ! temple 0 d$icat$4 ,! read] ( ! ritual 0 a memb] ( ! prie/ly tribe :i* trac$ its orig9 to ,oho-nakato-mi1 *ief ( ! :ole ,nakatomi family4 ,ano!r prie/ly family is ! ,imbibi tribe4#cj 7#f7 ,virg9 prie/esses also figure 9 ! celebration ( ! great c]emonies ( ,/ate4 ,pr9cesses ( ! ,mikado's family h be5 consecrat$ to (ficiate 9 ! temples ( ,is & 9 o!r great temples also4 ,:ile "s ( ! prie/esses are virg9 pr9cesses1 "s ( !m also are "y1 n yet hav+ rea*$ ! nubile age1 & :5 !y rea* t age !y cease to be prie/esses4 ,) o!rs ! (fice is h]$it>y1 z x is ) m51 & ! wom5 ( ?is class reta9 & ex]cise _! prie/ly (fice aft] m>riage4 #af4 ,! ,h>ve/ ,s]vice4 ,z an example ( public wor%ip ( exceptional int]e/1 we take ! ritual c]emony = ,h>ve/1 :i* is celebrat$ once a ye>--! f\r? day ( ! second mon?4 ,! *ief s]vice is at ! capital1 b ! fe/ival is obs]v$ 9 all ! prov9ces "u ! direction ( ! local rul]s4 ,prep>ations g on = a =tnight be=eh&1 & ! s]vice beg9s tw5ty m9utes be=e sev5 9 ! morn+4 ,at ! capital1 9 ! l>ge c\rt us$ = ! wor%ip ( ! ,%9to gods1 ! m9i/]s ( ,/ate assemble1 along ) ! prie/s & prie/esses ( _m temples :i* are support$ f ! ,mikado's treasury4 ,:5 all ?+s are 9 read9ess1 ! m9i/]s1 prie/s1 & prie/esses ent] 9 succession & occupy ! places assign$ !m4 ,! v>i\s (f]+s are duly pres5t$ & ! ritual is read4 ,at ! conclusion ( ea* section ( ! ritual z recit$ by ! read]1 all ! prie/s respond1 ,o6 7,yes1 or ,am547 ,! foll[+ is a portion ( ! ritual us$ on "o ( ^! occasions3 ,he>1 all ( y1 assembl$ prie/s ( high] & l[] ord]4 ,i decl>e 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sovran gods#ca ^: praises are fulfill$ z heav5ly temples & c\ntry temples4#cb ,i fulfill y\r praises by sett+ up ! great (f]+s ( ! sovran gr&*ild's augu/9ess1 made ) int5tion ( deign+ to beg9 ! h>ve/ 9 ! second mon? ( ?is ye>1 z ! morn+ sun rises 9 glory4 ,i decl>e 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sovran gods ( ! h>ve/3 ,if ! sovran gods w be/[ 9 _m-bundl$ e>s & 9 luxuriant e>s ! late-rip5+ h>ve/ :i* !y w be/[1 ! late-rip5+ h>ve/ :i* w be produc$ by ! dripp+ ( foam f ! arms & by draw+ ! mud toge!r betwe5 ! opposite ?ighs1 !n ,i w fulfill _! praises by sett+ up ! fir/ fruits 9 a ?\s& e>s1 & _m hundr$ e>s1 rais+ high ! be]-j>s1 fill+ !m1 & rang+ !m 9 r[s4 ,! ritual goes on to specify1 among ! (f]+s1 sweet & bitt] h]bs1 ?+s :i* dwell 9 ! blue sea-pla92 clo!s bright1 & glitt]+1 & s(t1 & co>se2 a :ite horse1 a :ite bo>1 & a :ite cock4 ,! names also ( _m deities are decl>$3 ! div9e ,produc]1 ! great ,goddess ( ,food1 wond]ful-rock-,gate1 ! f-heav5-%9+-great ,deity :o sits 9 ,is1 sovran gods :o sit 9 ! ,f>ms1 sovran gods :o sit 9 ! m\?s ( ! m\nta9s1 & ^? :o dwell 9 ! p>t+s ( ! wat]s4 ,z soon z ! read] _h f9i%$ ! words ( ! ritual1 he retir$1 & ! prie/s di/ribut$ ! v>i\s (f]+s & pres5t$ !m to ! gods = :om !y 7 set ap>t4 #ag4 ,! ,great ,purification4 ,b ! ritual ( ! ,great or ,g5]al ,purification is said to be "o ( ! mo/ important & mo/ solemn c]emonies ( ! ,%9to religion4 ,pr(essor ,k>l ,flor5z1 :o has giv5 u a translation ( ?is ritual1#cc in=ms u t x is by means ( ?is c]emony t ! population ( ! :ole c\ntry1 f ! pr9ces & m9i/]s d[n to ! common p1 is purifi$ & fre$ f s9s1 pollutions1 & calamities4 ,x is celebrat$ twice a ye>1 on ! ?irtie? day ( ! six? & twelf? mon?s4 ,! *ief c]emony 0 p]=m$ 9 ! capital1 ne> ! s\? gate ( ! imp]ial palace1 & might be /yl$ ! purification ( ! c\rt1 because x 0 to purify all ! high] & l[] (ficials ( ! imp]ial c\rt4 ,9 a simil> way ! c]emony 0 celebrat$ also at all ! m important public %r9es ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,besides ! regul> semiannual celebration ( ! ,great ,purification 7call$ ,oho-h>ahe71 x is also p]=m$ on su* special occasions z at ! accession ( a new emp]or to ! ?rone1 or :5 an imp]ial pr9cess 0 *os5 z a virg9 prie/ess & s5t to ! temple ( ,is4 ,)\t detail+ ! movem5ts1 positions1 & practices ( ! assembl$ prie/s1 (ficials1 & common p at ! s]vice ( ! ,g5]al ,purification1 we simply cite a few extracts f ! ritual :i* may s]ve to %[ u ! und]ly+ concept ( purification4 ,:ile ! ritual is only a "p ( ! entire c]emony ( ! occasion1 we are told t x is n infrequ5tly recit$ )\t p]=m+ ! c]emony4 ,moreov]1 :ile 9 anci5t times ! read] 0 always a memb] ( ! prie/ly ,nakatomi tribe1 at ! pres5t "t ! ritual is read by ! (ficiat+ prie/ ( ea* p>ticul> temple4 ,! foll[+ exc]pts are made f ,flor5z's translation3 ,he>1 all ( y1 assembl$ pr9ces ( ! blood1 pr9ces1 high dignit>ies1 & m5 ( ! hundr$ (fices4 ,he>1 all ( y1 t 9 ! ,great ,purification ( ! pres5t la/ day ( ! six? mon? ( ! curr5t ye>1 ! ,sovran deigns to purify1 & deigns to cleanse ! v>i\s (f5ses :i* may h be5 committ$ ei!r inadv]t5tly1 or delib]ately1 especially by ! p]sons s]v+ 9 ! imp]ial c\rt3 7viz47 ! sc>f-we>+ att5dants1 ! sa%-we>+ att5dants 7( ! kit*571 ! att5dants :o c>ry quiv]s on ! back1 ! att5dants :o gird on swords1 ! eighty att5dants ( ! att5dants1 &1 moreov]1 by ! p s]v+ 9 all (fices4 ,! ritual goes on to decl>e h[ ! ,sovran's de> prog5itors1 9 a div9e assembly1 orda9$ t ! ,sovran ,gr&*ild's ,augu/9ess %\ld tranquilly rule ! luxuriant re$-pla9 region ( fre% "y spikes z a peaceful c\ntry2 h[ !y expell$ ) a div9e expulsion ! savage deities1 & sil5c$ ! rocks & trunks ( trees2 h[ !y let him g d[n f 8 heav5ly place1 & divid+ a road ?r\gh ! eightfold heav5ly cl\ds1 !y s5t him d[n & gave ! l& into 8 peaceful keep+4 ,! ritual also makes m5tion ( v>i\s k9ds ( (f5ses :i* ne$ to be cleans$ & purg$ away1 & di/+ui%es !m z heav5ly (f5ses & e>?ly (f5ses4 ,among ! =m] are break+ d[n ! divisions ( ! rice fields1 fill+ up ! irrigat+ *annels1 & op5+ ! floodgate ( sluices1 & ! evacuation ( "o's b[els 9 improp] places4 ,among e>?ly (f5ses are ! cutt+ ! sk9 ( ! liv+ or ! dead body s z to become defil$ by blood1 be+ affect$ ) corns1 bunions1 boils1 or pr\d-fle%2 s9s ( adult]y1 ! (f5se ( us+ incantations1 & v>i\s k9ds ( p]sonal calamity4 ,x is expect$1 ! ritual adds1 t ! heav5ly gods w be favorably dispos$ by reason ( ^! (f]+s1 c]emonies1 & ritual ( ! ,great ,purification1 & w deign to purify & cleanse1 & make all ! specifi$ (f5ses disappe>1 ev5 z ! cl\ds ( heav5 & ! d5se morn+ & ev5+ mi/s disappe> be=e ! bl[+ w9ds4 ,x is expect$ t ! goddess :o resides 9 ! curr5t ( ! rapid /ream t comes boil+ d[n ! rav9es1 f ! tops ( ! m\nta9s1 & ! goddess :o resides 9 ! curr5ts ( ! br9y ocean w c>ry !m away1 & swall[ !m d[n ) gurgl+ s\nd1 & !y %all be utt]ly bl[n away1 bani%$1 & got rid (1 s t f ?is day onw>ds !re w be no (f5se 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! region "u heav51 especially ) reg>d to all p ( all (fices :o respectfully s]ve 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,sovran4 ,! (f5ses 7 ?\ght ( z someh[ swept away by ! w9ds & ! waves1 & !n swall[$ into ! dep?s ( ! sea1 & s ca/ d[n into ! und]world1 ! realm ( dea? & pollution1 :5ce all defilem5ts 7 suppos$ to h orig9at$4 ,s !y 7 ca/ d[n into ! dep?s :5ce !y came =?4 ,! conclud+ words ( ?is ritual are a comm& = ! div9]s ( ! f\r c\ntries to leave & g away to ! great riv]-way1 & c>ry away ! (f5ses by purification4 ,?us div9ation 0 honor$1 z mov+ 9 ! w & way ( ! gods2 b incantation is m5tion$ among ! e>?ly (f5ses4 ,probably ^! evil incantations ref] to evil-m9d$ wit*craft & invok+ calamity on o!rs4 ,?is great ritual c]emony ( purification1 be+ "o ( ! mo/ solemn =mal expressions ( ! ,%9to cult1 calls = ! foll[+ rem>ks3 7#a7 ,! c5tral idea is purification f c]ta9 =ms ( evil1 or c]ta9 k9ds ( (f5ses4 7#b7 ,! (f5ses are conceiv$ z ei!r willfully committ$1 or committ$ inadv]t5tly4 7#c7 ,!y are also spok5 ( z heav5ly & e>?ly4 ,?is di/9ction seems to u q arbitr>y & unnatural1 b x probably _h a my?ical orig9 & ! (f5ses call$ heav5ly are ma9ly su* z involve di/ress = an agricultural community4 ,!y are s9s aga9/ ! l& ( ! gods1 :ile ! e>?ly (f5ses are ma9ly matt]s ( p]sonal defilem5t4 ,9 all cases x is conspicu\s t ! ,%9to concept ( (f5ses :i* ne$ purg+ away is t ( outw>d physical pollution & damage4 ,!y are all (f5ses committ$ aga9/ ! int]e/s ( ! community & likely to br+ "s k9d ( calamity ^u ! p4 7#d7 ,we %\ld also rem>k t :ile1 accord+ to ! ritual ( ! ,great ,purification1 x is expect$ t f t day =w>ds no (f5se :i* is call$ (f5se w occur aga9 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! :ole region "u heav51 ! same c]emony ( purification is repeat$ e six mon?s--ye> 9 & ye> out4 7#e7 ,^! facts s]ve to %[ a moral & religi\s basis = ! ,japanese love ( cleanl9ess & ! scrupul\s c>e ) :i* ^! p ( ! luxuriant c5tral l& ( ! e>s ( fre% rice /udy to keep _! bodies1 _! h\ses1 _! temples1 & _! :ole doma9 free f all mann] ( physical impurity4 #ah4 ,o!r ,ritual ,s]vices4 ,o!r rituals = o!r occasions & purposes furni% no?+ ( a diff]5t "* or ( exceptional importance t we ne$ "h give fur!r att5tion to _! v>i\s cont5ts & sugge/ions4 ,!re are1 9 ! volum9\s ,y5gi%iki1 rituals = ! s]vice ( ! gods ( ,kasuga1 = ! s]vice ( ! goddess ( food1 & ( ! gods ( ! w9d1 & = ! s]vice ( p>ticul> temples4 ,"s ( ^! s]vices are occasions ( gr& c]emonial display4 ,! place1 ! day1 ! h\r1 & all ! details ( ! s]vice are arrang$ be=eh&4 ,! procession ( ^? :o take "p is ord]$ ) extreme precision & made 9 e way magnific5t4 ,v>i\s ord]s ( (ficials move along 9 sep>ate ranks4 ,! prie/ess1 accompani$ by _m mantl$ att5dants1 is drawn 9 a c>1 & on ei!r side f\r m5 9 sc>let coats c>ry a silk umbrella & a huge1 long-h&l$ fan4 ,! female att5dants & s]vants ( ! prie/ess1 ea* a lady ( rank1 foll[ 9 sev5 c>riages4 ,*e/s fill$ ) sacrificial ut5sils & food (f]+s1 ! mess5g] ( ! ,mikado & 8 att5dants ( rank1 h _! assign$ places 9 ! procession4 ,^u arriv+ at ! temple enclosure1 ! prie/ess alights f h] c> or palanqu91 passes into ! c\rty>d beh9d curta9s s held by h] att5dants z to hide h] f ! gaze ( ! cr[d1 ent]s h] private room & *anges h] travel+ dress = ! sacrificial robes4 ,meantime ! ,mikado's pres5ts & all ! o!r (f]+s are duly plac$ on ! tables & 9 ! v>i\s *apels prep>$ = !m & ! high (fic]s ( ,/ate take _! seats )9 ! temple enclosure4 ,all ! prescrib$ =ms are obs]v$ ) scrupul\s c>e1 & ! ritual is read4 ,9 _m s]vices h>pi/s1 flute-play]s1 s+]s1 & danc]s p]=m _! sev]al tasks4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! s]vices ! company clap _! h&s & !n sep>ate4 ,! prie/ess *anges h] robes aga9 = h] travel+ dress1 & returns to h] lodg+ 9 l /ately procession z %e came to ! %r9e4 ,! mirror1 sword1 b[1 & spe>1 :i* are m5tion$ 9 ! rituals z pres5ts (f]$ to ! gods at ! great fe/ivals1 d\btless h _! symbolical significance1 & l ! ?ree div9e insignia ( sword1 preci\s /one1 & mirror--! regalia or symbols ( ,japanese p[] & glory--h d\btless _! my?ic connection ) prehi/oric traditions2 b ^! belong to ! /udy ( ,japanese antiquities r ?an to ! religi\s elem5ts ( ,%9to4#cd #ai4 ,influ5ce ( ,*9a on ,japanese ,?\ght4 ,s f> we h spok5 only ( :at may be call$ ! orig9al or pure ,%9to cult z ! religion ( ! anci5t ,japanese4 ,b x is important to obs]ve t ! moral & religi\s ideas ( o!r peoples & o!r sy/ems h = "s two ?\s& ye>s pa/ be5 affect+ ! life & ?\ght ( ! ,japanese p4 ,"o notewor?y =eign influ5ce came 9 f ,*9a1 & z e>ly z ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era--p]haps some:at e>li]--,*9ese s*ol>s made _! way into ,japan4 ,?is 0 v natural1 = ! proximity ( ,*9a favor$ int]c\rse betwe5 ! two nations1 & ,confucianism 0 at ! beg9n+ ( our era five hundr$ ye>s old4 ,ance/or-wor%ip 0 common to ! p ( bo? l&s1 & ! arts & indu/ries ( ! two c\ntries might h f\nd affiliation 9 _m ways we c n n[ det]m9e4 ,t su* a leav5+ ,*9ese influ5ce 0 e>ly introduc$ into ,japan is simply matt] ( fact4 ,! ,preface ( ,yasum>o1 ! compil] ( ! mo/ anci5t records ( ! ,ko-ji-ki1 %[s ! effect ( ,*9ese philosophy 9 its incid5tal m5tion ( ! ,passive & ,active ,ess5ces :i* co-op]at$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! creation2 & ,*amb]la91 9 8 ,introduction to 8 ,engli% translation ( ! ,ko-ji-ki1 obs]ves t at ! v e>lie/ p]iod to :i* ! twilight ( leg5d /ret*es back1 ,*9ese influ5ce _h already begun to make itself felt 9 ^! isl&s1 communicat+ to ! inhabitants bo? implem5ts & ideas4 ,!n x is to be fur!r rem>k$ t ! ,nihongi1 complet$ 9 #gbj ,a4 ,d41 al?\gh ess5tially a p>allel *ronicle ( ,japanese traditions1 is 9 ?\ght & /yle conspicu\sly ,*9ese4 ,x is made 9 e aspect & elem5t ( its composition to resemble z f> z possible a ,*9ese hi/ory4 #bj4 ,influ5ce ( ,buddhism4 ,b a deep] & m widespread influ5ce ?an t ( any?+ ( ,*9ese orig9 0 ! introduction into ,japan ( ,buddhism1 :i* 0 fir/ br\ght 9 ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #eeb1 b did n succe$ 9 leav5+ ! :ole c\ntry until ! middle ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,x 0 quietly propagat$ by lead]s ( v>i\s ,buddhi/ sects :i* diff] 9 m9or practices1 & sl[ly x ga9$ asc5d5cy1 b its fir/ m notable triumph foll[$ ! tea*+ ( ,kukai1 f\nd] ( ! ,%+on sect1 :o s adapt$ ,buddhi/ doctr9es to ! traditional ideas ( ance/or wor%ip z to ma9ta9 t all ! ,%9to deities 7 avat>s or inc>nations ( ,buddha4 ,) great +5uity & cunn+1 a new int]pretation 0 giv5 to anci5t my?s1 & new con/ructions 7 put ^u old beliefs4 ,! ,%9to gods1 rites1 cu/oms1 & traditions took on a ,buddhi/ significance1 & _m ( ! my/]ies ( bir? & ( dea? 7 expla9$ 9 a mann] s simple & popul> z to comm5d !m to all :o li/5$ to ! new tea*+4 ,= ,buddhism _h already le>n$ 9 ,india & 9 ,*9a ! clev] art ( appropriat+ old beliefs & cu/oms & ( clo?+ !m ) a new & high] mean+4 ,confucianism itself _h already 9 "p prep>$ ! way = ,buddhism 9 ,japan1 & ! successful ,buddhi/ propag&i/s 7 wise en\gh to suppress or keep out ( sight all t might be (f5sive 9 _! sy/em1 & to tea* only su* =ms ( doctr9e z c\ld be made attractive to ! masses ( ! p4 ,kukai ?us succe$$ 9 conv]t+ ! ,mikado to 8 new int]pretations ( ! ,%9to beliefs1 & ! new sy/em ?us put =w>d receiv$ ! "n ,riyobu ,%9to1 :i* means two p>ts1 or ! d\ble way ( ! gods1 or ! tw(old div9e tea*+4 ,s complete & g5]al did ?is ,riyobu ,%9to become 9 its spread ?r\gh\t ,japan t = a ?\s& ye>s x dom9at$ ! civilization ( ! ,empire4 ,x _h its prie/s1 its gorge\s temples & ritual s]vices1 its philosophy1 & its div]s sects1 & x is said t !re are at lea/ twelve di/9ct ,buddhi/ sects 9 ,japan to-day4 ,accord+ to ,lafcadio ,he>n1 ! religion ( ! ,buddha br\ght to ,japan ano!r & a wid] humaniz+ influ5ce--a new gospel ( t5d]ness--toge!r ) a multitude ( new beliefs t 7 able to accommodate !mselves to ! old1 9 spite ( fundam5tal dissimil>ity4 ,9 ! highe/ mean+ ( ! t]m1 x 0 a civiliz+ p[]4 ,besides tea*+ new respect = life1 ! duty ( k9dness to animals z well z to all human be+s1 ! consequ5ces ( all pres5t acts ^u ! conditions ( a future exi/5ce1 ! duty ( resignation to pa9 z ! inevitable result ( =gott5 error1 x actually gave to ,japan ! arts & ! indu/ries ( ,*9a4 ,ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 sculpture1 engrav+1 pr9t+1 g>d5+--9 %ort1 e art & indu/ry t help$ to make life beautiful--develop$ fir/ 9 ,japan "u ,buddhi/ tea*+4#ce ,to :i* may well be add$ ! foll[+ /atem5t ( ,a/on3 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ,%9to :i* c\ld rival 9 attraction ! sculpture1 ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 co/umes1 & ritual ( ! =eign fai?4 ,its organization 0 m complete & effective4 ,x pres5t$ ideals ( humanity1 *>ity1 self-abnegation1 & purity f> high] ?an any previ\sly kn[n to ! ,japanese nation4#cf ,b aft] a ?\s& ye>s ( mixture1 :o c n[ tell = c]ta9 j :at is orig9al ,%9to & :at is ! ,buddhi/ supplem5t or modification8 ,! ,buddhism ( ,japan is z f> f ! orig9al tea*+s ( ,gautama z ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion ( ,spa9 is f ! simple precepts & practices ( ,*ri/ & ,8 fir/ apo/les4 ,! same is true ( ! ,buddhism ( ,*9a & ,?ibet4 ,! ,%+on sect ( ,buddhi/s 9 ,japan1 ( :i* ,kukai 0 ! f\nd]1 has tak5 up into itself _m ideas :i* are nei!r purely ,buddhi/ nor purely ,%9toi/4 ,sup]/itions ali5 to bo? cults are likely to h f\nd _! way among ! p & to h ex]t$ influ5ces on ! popul> cult1 & no man is n[ able to po9t out _! orig9 or _! hi/ory4#cg #ba4 ,revival ( ,pure ,%9to4 ,we are n "h conc]n$1 h[ev]1 ) ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,our inquiry is aft] ! facts & ! significance ( ! ess5tial ,%9to cult4 ,a great & rem>kable revival ( ! old] ,%9to began ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury & p]si/$ ) great success = m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s4 ,! mo/ di/+ui%$ s*ol>s ( ,japan 7 ! *ief lead]s 9 ?is re=m4 ,we h already _h occasion to m5tion ! names ( ! ?ree mo/ fam\s m5 among !m--,mabu*i1 ,mot[ori1 & ,hirata4 ,^! by _! expositions ( ! anci5t scriptures & traditions turn$ ! tide ( popul> ?\ght aga9/ ,buddhism & ,*9ese philosophy4 ,x is q int]e/+ to note 9 "s ( _! writ+s ! antipa?y & ho/ility to ,*9ese tea*+s4 ,mot[ori _h a rem>kable answ] to ^? critics :o say t ,%9toism kn[s no moral code4 ,he decl>$ t all a loyal ,japanese subject 0 conc]n$ to d 0 simply to obey ! ,mikado1 :e!r 8 comm&s 7 "r or wrong4 ,he ma9ta9$ t morals 7 inv5t$ by ! ,*9ese because !y 7 an immoral p2 b 9 ,japan !re 0 no necessity = any sy/em ( morals1 z e ,japanese act$ aright if he only consult$ 8 own he>t4#ch ,:atev] we may ?9k or say ( su* self-complac5cy1 x accords well ) ,japanese religion1 my?ology1 & hi/ory1 & x is a simple fact to be not$ t 9 #ahga ,buddhism 9 ,japan 0 dise/abli%$ & dis5d[$1 & ! old ,%9to 0 decl>$ to be ! national religion4 ,p]cival ,l[ell obs]ves t ?is re9/atem5t ( ! ,mikado & ! old national fai? is a curi\s in/ance ( a religi\s revival due to ar*ological1 n to religi\s zeal4#ci ,b :ile ! old ,%9to is at pres5t ! (ficial cult ( ,japan1 x appe>s to h little life or =ce4 ,japanese ,buddhism is said to be %[+ signs ( r5ew$ activity1 & is likely to prove a p[]ful antagoni/ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is c]ta9ly a "q ( vital importance to ! future civilization ( ,japan :i* ( ^! mighty rivals %all ga9 asc5d5cy ov] ! popul> m9d4 #bb4 ,esot]ic ,%9to4 ,%9to did n cont9ue v long to hold its newly proclaim$ /atus z ! ,/ate religion4 ,its own mo/ devot$ adh]5ts & lead]s felt t its highe/ int]e/s w\ld be be/ s]v$ )\t (ficial & gov]nm5tal pre/ige4 ,a wise & prud5t ,/ate policy det]m9$ t its p]man5ce & success %\ld be left to c>e = !mselves & to dep5d ^u ! m]its ( its tea*+s & its hi/oric & popul> hold ^u ! national1 ! communal1 & ! family life4 ,z a cult x is deeply root$ 9 ! civilization ( ! empire1 & its pilgrims sw>m along ! highways ( travel & at ! hi/oric %r9es4 ,!y are f\nd j\rney+ to ! summits ( sacr$ m\nta9s1 & !re p]=m+ esot]ic rites :i* induce my/ic div9e possession4 ,! p]=mance ( su* my/ic rites & incantations seems to be no mod]n innovation4 ,x may h its connections ) ,buddhi/ c\nt+ ( ros>ies1 & possibly o!r =eign influ5ces h help$ to cultivate its some:at mantic =ms1 b its orig9 is f a remote antiquity4 ,?is esot]ic ,%9to is ess5tially ak9 to t self-induc$ religi\s f]vor :i* exhibits itself 9 _m l&s & 9 connection ) v>i\s cults1 & is (t5 se5 among ! ,mohamm$an danc+ & h[l+ d]vi%es4 ,its exi/5ce & its practices 9 ,japan refute ! notion ( ^? :o w\ld d5y to ,%9to ! "* ( a real religion4#dj ,! excresc5ces & extravagancies ( religi\s f]vor mu/ h "s sort ( a religion to inspire !m4 #bc4 ,m+l+ ( ,%9to1 ,confucianism1 & ,buddhism4 ,! notewor?y fact t ,%9to1 ,confucianism1 & ,buddhism h = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s mix$ ) ea* o!r 9 ,japan demon/rates ! susceptibility ( ! ,japanese p to =eign influ5ce & tea*+1 & _! natural hospitality t[>d ! v>i\s religi\s cults4 ,! e?ical tea*+s ( ,confucius prep>$ ! way = ,buddhism1 &1 9 spite ( antipa?y & w>s betwe5 ! nations1 ma9ta9 a p[]ful hold ^u ! ?\ghtful ,japanese to-day4 ,/ill m rem>kable is x t millions ( ! ,japanese appe> to accept bo? ,%9toism & ,buddhism1 & good ,%9toi/s & good ,buddhi/s may be f\nd wor%ip+ 9 "s temples at "o & ! same "t4#da ,a ,japanese s*ol>1 speak+ at ! ,*icago ,p>liam5t ( ,religions on ! ,future ( ,religion 9 ,japan1 decl>$ t ! ?ree sy/ems nam$ are n only liv+ toge!r on fri5dly t]ms ) "o ano!r1 b1 9 fact1 !y are bl5d$ toge!r 9 ! m9ds ( ! p4 ,"o & ! same ,japanese is at once a ,%9toi/1 a ,confuciani/1 & a ,buddhi/4 ,our religion may be lik5$ to a triangle4 ,"o angle is ,%9toism1 ano!r is ,confucianism1 & a ?ird is ,buddhism1 all ( :i* make up ! religion ( ! ord9>y ,japanese4 ,%9toism furni%es ! objects1 ,confucianism (f]s ! rules ( life1 :ile ,buddhism supplies ! way ( salvation4#db #bd4 ,roman ,ca?olicism 9 ,japan4 ,we mu/ n omit altoge!r a notice ( ! introduction ( ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity into ,japan ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 9 #aedi t ! fam\s ,jesuit1 ,francis ,xavi]1 l&$ at ,kago%ima1 & began 8 m>vel\s mission>y "w ?r\gh ,japanese int]pret]s1 & 9 two ye>s ( /r5u\s toil he succe$$ 9 w9n+ _m conv]ts f all classes ( ! p4 ,fifty ye>s !reaft] ! ,*ri/ian conv]ts ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry are said to h numb]$ ne>ly a million4 ,b ! ,jesuit habit & policy ( m$dl+ ) affairs ( ,/ate1 _! intol]ance ( o!r cults1 & at l5g? _! crusade aga9/ ! anci5t national fai? & _! burn+ ( ,buddhi/ temples & slaught] ( ,buddhi/ prie/s1 ar\s$ ! bitt] reaction & bloody p]secutions1 :i*1 aft] "s =ty ye>s ( /ruggle1 succe$$ 9 oblit]at+ e public sign ( ,*ri/ianity f e prov9ce ( ! empire4 ,& = ov] two hundr$ ye>s ,japan clos$ h] doors to all =eign influ5ces & appeals4 ,x 0 n until #ahgc t ! edicts aga9/ ,*ri/ianity 7 )drawn4 ,( ! ,prote/ant mission>y movem5ts 9 ! isl& empire s9ce t date1 x is n ! purpose ( ?is essay to speak4 #be4 ,pres5t ,religi\s ,indiff]5ce4 ,mu* is said n[adays ab\t ! app>5t religi\s indiff]5ce ( ! ,japanese4 ,"s writ]s seem to ?9k t ! ,japanese & ! ,*9ese p are alike inf]ior & defective 9 religi\s nature4 ,mr4 ,gulick1 9 8 ,evolution ( ! ,japanese1 reports ,m>quis ,ito1 ,japan's mo/ illu/ri\s /atesman1 z hav+ said3 ,i reg>d religion itself z q unnecess>y = a nation's life2 sci5ce is f> above sup]/ition1 & :at is religion--,buddhism or ,*ri/ianity--b sup]/ition1 & !re=e a possible s\rce ( weakness to a nation8 ,i d n regret ! t5d5cy to free ?\ght & a!ism1 :i* is almo/ univ]sal 9 ,japan1 because ,i d n reg>d x z a s\rce ( dang] to ! community4 ,& yet ?is same di/+ui%$ /atesman is report$ on ! same page 7#bhh7 to h giv5 utt]ance to ! foll[+ mu* m rec5t /atem5t3 ,! only true civilization is t :i* re/s on ,*ri/ian pr9ciples1 & consequ5tly1 z ,japan mu/ atta9 h] civilization on ^! pr9ciples1 ^? "y m5 :o receive ,*ri/ian education w be ! ma9 factors 9 ! developm5t ( future ,japan4 ,possibly ^! two discrepant /atem5ts may be reconcil$ by suppos+ t1 9 ! fir/ case1 ,ito's ?\ght 0 turn$ especially to ! sup]/itions & tempor>y phases incid5t to all religi\s cults1 & 9 8 lat] rem>k he spoke ( ,*ri/ianity z someh[ synonym\s ) ,we/]n civilization4 ,b 9 any case x w\ld seem t "o :o deems ! ,japanese ei!r irreligi\s1 or non-religi\s1 or defici5t 9 religi\s s5se1 ought to expla9 ! manifold facts ( ! ,%9to cult1 su* z ! god %elf1 ! ance/ral tablets1 ! daily (f]+s1 & ! family wor%ip 9 almo/ e h\sehold ( t ,ea/]n isl&-empire4 ,:at mean ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( :ite-rob$ pilgrims :o annually visit ! num]\s sacr$ %r9es8 ,& is !re no elem5t ( religion 9 ! dev\t patriotism t is ev] ready to sacrifice life & all t m5 hold de> = ! fai? & inh]itance ( _! belov$ c5tral l& ( ,re$-,pla9s giv5 long ago to ! c>e ( ! ,sovran ,gr&*ild by ! cele/ial deities8 ,x is only a "o-sid$ concept ( religion1 & a too preval5t failure to di/+ui% betwe5 its local tempor>y phases & its deep] ess5tials z gr\nd$ 9 ! spiritual nature ( man1 t h l$ sup]ficial obs]v]s to d5y ! pr(\nd religi\s elem5t 9 ! ,%9to & ,buddhi/ wor%ip ( ,japan4 ,if ,paul1 wait+ at ,a!ns1 & behold+ ! city full ( idols1 c\ld truly say1 ,i p]ceive1 ,o ,a!nians1 t 9 all ?+s ye are v religi\s1 j z truly may we say1 9 view ( ! #aie1jjj temples & ! innum]able deities ( ! ,%9to cult1 t ! ,japanese are exce$+ly religi\s4 ,let me add ! te/imony ( ,mr4 ,gulick himself1 :o sp5t ye>s 9 ! c\ntry3 ,! univ]sality ( ! tok5s ( family religion1 & ! con/ant & lov+ c>e be/[$ ^u !m1 are /rik+ te/imony to ! univ]sality ( religion 9 ,japan4 ,! pa?os ( life is (t5 reveal$ by ! family devotion ( ! "m to ^! sil5t repres5tatives ( div9e be+s1 & dep>t$ ance/ors or *ildr54 ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t1 s f> z ext]nal appe>ances g1 ! av]age home 9 ,japan is f> m religi\s ?an ! av]age home 9 enlight5$ ,engl& or ,am]ica1 especially :5 comp>$ ) su* z h no family wor%ip4 ,!re may be a g5u9e religi\s life 9 ^! ,we/]n homes1 b x does n appe> to ! casual visitor4 ,yet no casual visitor c ent] a ,japanese home1 )\t see+ at once ! evid5ces ( "s sort ( religi\s life4#dc ,x is to be rem>k$ t 9 ! hi/ory & evolution ( religion1 :]e !re has be5 obvi\s evolution1 p]iods ( long peace & repose1 m>k$ by =malism1 skepticism1 & indiff]5ce to religi\s obligation1 are g5]ally foll[$ by great revivals & re=ms4 ,"s new light breaks 92 "s great prophet appe>s2 new ideas & hopes take hold on ! popul> m9d1 & !reupon a new era op5s 9 civilization4 ,! r5aissance 9 ,japan ( ! la/ fifty ye>s may be ! prelude to an epo*-mak+ revival ( ! ,ori5t4 #bf4 ,conclud+ ,obs]vations & ,sugge/ions4 ,our /udy ( ,%9to has l$ u ov] a some:at unfamili> field ( ?\ght4 ,! my?ology & ! records ( ! ,ko-ji-ki & ! ,nihongi are f> ap>t f all our ,we/]n leg5ds & ideals ( ! e>ly _w1 & 9 great "p seem l mon/rosities ( fanta/ic speculation4 ,x is affirm$ by "s t ! ,japanese p h be5 halt+ = two mill5niums 9 a /ate ( *ildhood1 receiv+ no?+ f ,confucianism or f ,buddhism to quick5 or *ange ! national life2 b ) ! introduction ( ,we/]n ?\ght & ent]prise !y h sudd5ly leap$ into comp>ative maturity1 & _! new dep>ture f a dreamy pa/ is likely to a/oni% ! :ole _w4 ,x is v obvi\s t ! introduction ( mod]n sci5ce into h] ?\s&s ( elem5t>y s*ools mu/ soon] or lat] und]m9e all fai? 9 ! traditional cosmogony1 &1 along ) t1 a :ole _w ( notions b\nd up ) ! ,%9to cult mu/ ne$s be ov]?r[n4 ,em95t ,japanese s*ol>s say t ,we/]n le>n+ has s\nd$ ! knell & sign$ ! dea? w>rant ( ! anci5t religion ( _! isl&-_w4 ,x is = u v easy1 9 ! light ( our ,new ,te/am5t revelation1 to po9t out defects 9 ! ,%9to sy/em4 ,"s f\r or five ( ^! we may briefly m5tion z matt]s :i* a ,*ri/ian mission>y %\ld keep 9 view z ev9c+ ! ne$ ( prea*+ among ^! p ! deep] dem&s ( ! religion ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 7#a7 ,! fir/ & fundam5tal defect 9 ,%9to z a religi\s sy/em is its lack ( any cle> or helpful concept ( "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all4 ,! doctr9e ( ,god is fundam5tal 9 any cult1 & :]e ! idea is vague & imp]fect ! entire sy/em ( doctr9e & practice mu/ ne$s possess an elem5t ( unc]ta9ty & weakness4 7#b7 ,ano!r defect is its want ( a cle> concept ( s9 z a moral disease ( ! he>t4 ,! ,japanese m9d ne$s to be turn$ inw>d to a deep] s5se ( ! real s9fulness ( s94 7#c7 ,ano!r s]i\s fault 9 ! ,japanese civilization is its l[ e/imate ( womanhood4 ,"h z 9 ,*9a woman has n atta9$ h] prop] sph]e4 ,%e is subject$ to ?ree =ms ( ob$i5ce1 :i* 9 actual life are too abject = h] high] developm5t--%e mu/ b[ to h] p>5ts1 to h] husb&1 & to h] son 9 a mann] t involves :at we %\ld call a humiliat+ =m ( dome/ic slav]y4 ,japan ne$s ! practice ( a monogamy ( ! highe/ ,*ri/ian type 9 ord] to rectify ?is inf]ior & "o-sid$ view ( ! male & female con/itution ( humanity4 7#d7 ,!re is also 9 ,japan an app>5tly l[ e/imate ( human life4 ,x is probably due l>gely to ! communal & feudal sy/em :i* has = a long "t rul$ ! p4 ,! individual is no?+2 ! community is ev]y?+4 ,^! & o!r defects %[ our gr\nds = believ+ t ! old ord] & sy/em mu/ sometime *ange4 ,b x is no /range or unhe>d ( ?+ 9 our _w = an old ord] to *ange & give place to some?+ new & high]4 ,we/]n civilization has se5 n a few examples ( su* *anges2 b1 z t\*+ religi\s evolution1 :at a monum5tal example we h 9 ! transition f ! ,old ,te/am5t ,judaism to ! ,new ,te/am5t k+dom ( heav56 ,! ma9 cont5ts & scope ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews po9t out ! fact t ! old cov5ant1 ) its sanctu>y & alt>s & tables & sacrifices & prie/s1 c\ld n make _! wor%ip]s p]fect4 ,not)/&+ its long & glori\s hi/ory1 x wax$ old1 & :5 ! ,epi/le 0 writt5 x 0 nigh unto vani%+ away 7,heb4 viii1 #ac74 ,x did pass away & give place to a m spiritual cult1 ! gospel ( peace on e>? & univ]sal love4 ,may n ! national cult ( ,japan--) its fai? 9 ! unse51 its rituals ( purification1 its concepts ( a heav5ly ance/ry1 & its intimations ( deification aft] dea?--be made to give way be=e a sup]ior cult t may h ! wisdom to (f] a high] & m rational pres5tation ( ! ess5tial tru?s embodi$ 9 ! ,%9to wor%ip8 ,:atev] m5 may ?9k or say ab\t ! my/ical & leg5d>y elem5ts 9 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures1 no "o famili> ) ! lit]atures ( ! nations c hesitate = a mom5t to ackn[l$ge ! imm5se sup]iority ( ! ,old ,te/am5t law & prophets & psalms ov] ! cont5ts ( ! ,ko-ji-ki & ! ,nihongi4 ,if1 !n1 ! cov5ants & ! rituals ( ,judaism wax$ old & vani%$ away be=e ! cle>] light & tru? ( ! tea*+s ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 mu* m %\ld we expect t ! same sup]ior ,light ( ! _w mu/ ne$s1 sometime1 sup]s$e & supplant ! rituals ( ! ,%9to cult4 ,accord+ly1 ,i %all v5ture to specify sundry elem5ts ( anci5t ,%9to1 :i*1 to use ! language ( ,jesus1 are n to be de/roy$1 b r fulfill$1 9 ! high] & m univ]sal tru?s ( ! k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,fulfill$1 ,i say = ,i look ^u all ! religi\s long+s1 & pray]s1 & p5it5tial psalms ( ! nations1 & _! inquiries aft] ! ,unse5 & ,et]nal1 z s _m =egleams ( a com+ ,light1 de/9$ to enlight5 e man t come? into ! _w4 ,we h se5 t "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s aspects ( ! ,%9to cult is its c]emonial ( ! ,great ,purification4 ,physical pollution ( any k9d is abhorr5t to ! ,japanese4 ,! t\* ( a dead body1 contact ) a f\l disease1 failure to wa% & keep "o's p]son clean1 are reg>d$ z ( ! nature ( calamities4 ,we "k t !re 0 mu* 9 ! practices & traditions ( ! ,jewi% eld]s t closely resembl$ ^! ,%9to ideas ( pollution4 ,! ,ph>isees & scribes f\nd fault ) ,jesus because ( ,8 indiff]5ce to _! wa%+s ( cups1 pots1 & braz5 vessels4 ,b cleanl9ess1 we all admit1 is a ne> neighbor ( godl9ess4 ,/4 ,paul said1 ,glorify ,god 9 y\r body1 = he ma9ta9$ t y\r body is a sanctu>y ( ! ,holy ,_s :i* is 9 y4 ,jesus f\nd no fault ) ,jewi% ablutions1 & enjo9$ ! highe/ p]sonal purity4 ,b ,he po9t$ out ! deep] lesson t ! m horrible defilem5t ( man is a pollution ( ! he>t4 ,= f )91 ,he said1 out ( ! he>t ( man1 evil ?\ghts proce$1 =nications1 !fts1 murd]s1 adult]ies1 covet+s1 wick$ness1 deceit1 lascivi\sness1 an evil eye1 rail+1 pride1 fooli%ness3--all ^! evil ?+s proce$ f )91 & defile ! man4 ,?is1 !n1 is "o fundam5tal tru? :i* ! ,%9to wor%ip] %\ld le>n f ! tea*+s ( our ,"l4 ,! clean body & ! pure :ite robes are em95tly prop] & beautiful 9 _! way2 b !y %\ld symbolize ! consci\sness ( a pure he>t1 & a blameless life t keeps itself unspott$ f ! _w4 ,%9to purification ne$s ! supplem5t ( a deep] k ( spiritual defilem5t 9 ord] to a deep] k ( purity4 ,m exalt$ ?an any m]e =ms ( purification1 or rituals ( wor%ip1 is t notion ( a liv+ ,pres5ce conceal$ 9 all ph5om5a4 ,!re has be5 & is to-day among all peoples a belief 9 _m invisible spirits t h "s sort ( p[] ov] ! cl\ds1 ! w9ds1 ! wat]s1 ! e>?1 & all its teem+ gr[?s4 ,we call x ,animism1 ,%amanism1 & 9 a c]ta9 specific =m1 ,feti%ism4 ,belief 9 a c\ntless multitude ( spirits :o c influ5ce ! elem5ts ab\t u = good or = evil1 is firmly root$ 9 all ! anci5t peoples ( ,ea/]n ,asia1 f ,india to ,japan4 ,we h se5 h[ deep a hold x _h ^u ! e>lie/ ,%9to cult1 & ! lat] influ5ces ( ,confucianism & ,buddhism 9 ,japan h t5d$ r to /r5g!n ?an to suppress x 9 ! popul> m9d4 ,^! animi/ic conceptions h play$ a notewor?y "p 9 connection ) mo/1 if n all1 ! religions ( mank9d4 ,:5 comb9$ ) a grovel+ fe> ( ! spirits1 & ) ! practice ( magic rites & incantations to propitiate !m z s _m evil demons1 ! belief has run into ! l[e/ =ms ( sup]/ition4 ,b is !re no elem5t ( tru? 9 ,animism8 ,:y %\ld we speak disp>ag+ly ( ! old ,japanese wor%ip] he>+ ! voices ( unse5 spirits 9 ! moan+ w9ds1 9 ! s\nd+ wat]falls1 9 ! roll+ ?und]8 ,:y %\ld he n adore ! ,sun z ! heav5ly ,b5efactor1 & see 9 wav+ trees & bloom+ fl[]s & drift+ cl\ds ! pres5ce & activity ( be+s1 p]haps sometimes a ,be+ ,sup]natural8 ,"o-sid$1 defective pu]ile notions controll$1 no d\bt1 8 ?9k+1 b ! "o supreme & fundam5tal fact 0 t he felt himself 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,sup]natural4 ,& t primeval concept is ! "o mo/ ess5tial tru? ( all religion4 ,we h only to dive/ x ( sundry errant1 non-ess5tial int]pretations 9 ord] to come face to face ) ! gr&e/1 noble/1 & mo/ affect+ !ism1 & mono!ism z well4 ,= mono!ism f9ds its mo/ advanc$ exposition 9 ! doctr9e ( ! univ]sal imman5ce ( ,god1--"o ,god1 ! ,et]nal ,_s1 9 all1 ?r\gh all1 ov] all4 ,h[ f> f su* a concept ( univ]sal ,animism 0 ! old ,hebrew psalmi/1 :o sang ( ,jehovah lay+ ! beams ( ,8 *amb]s 9 ! wat]s1 mak+ ! cl\ds ,8 *>iot1 walk+ ^u ! w+s ( ! w9d1 s5d+ =? spr+s into ! valleys1 caus+ ! grass to gr[ ^u ! m\nta9s1 & receiv+ tribute ( praises f ! sea-mon/]s & all deeps2 fire & hail1 sn[ & vapor2 /ormy w9d p]=m+ ,8 ^w2 m\nta9s & all hills2 fruitful trees & all c$>s2 bea/s & all cattle2 creep+ ?+s & fly+ birds4 ,to su* a wor%ip] ! _w 0 all alive ) ,god4 ,& ,jesus add$ an int5sity & an affect+ beauty to ?is :ole concept ( an imman5t ,god :5 ,he said3 ,my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto1 & ,i "w1 & n "o sp>r[ falle? on ! gr\nd )\t y\r ,fa!r4 ,i c conceive no ,animism & no ,sup]naturalism m m9ute or m adorable ?an ! ev] act+ & ev] cont9u\s pres5ce ( an unse5 b all obs]vant ,fa!r 9 ! heav5s4 ,! heav5s 9 :i* ,he dwells are above1 bel[1 )91 & all ar\nd u4 ,& ?is is ! high] ,animism :i* ought to be welcom$ by ! ,%9to pilgrims ( ,japan z ! beautiful fulfill+ ( _! anci5t dreams4 ,n s _m gods1 n a multitude ( unfri5dly spirits t ne$ propitiation by our gifts ( food & clo?+1 b ,,"o ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 imman5t 9 e plant t gr[s & 9 e dewdrop on ! fl[]s1 =ev] work+ = our good1 c>+ = e birdl+1 & numb]+ ! v hairs ( our head4 ,) su* a mono!i/ic conception ( ! _w all my?ologic & poly!i/ic notions ( deity & ! rule ( ! spirits ( ! dead mu/ soon] or lat] disappe>4 ,japanese s*ol>s ( high rank are tell+ _! p & o!rs t ! mod]n ,we/]n le>n+ has already de/roy$ ! cosmogony ( ! ,%9to cult4 ,:at is n[ mo/ ne$$ is a class ( tea*]s /raight=w>d & broad en\gh to %[ ^! p a nobl] & tru] concept ( ! _w4 ,! new conception ne$ h no conflict ) ! belief t ! spirits ( ! dead are all ab\t u1 & are deeply int]e/$ 9 u /ill4 ,! family cult may adju/ itself to ! new & high] doctr9es1 & lose none ( ! beauty & t5d]ness & sanctity :i* old affection connects ) ! dome/ic tablets ( ! honor$ & belov$ dead4 ,h]e9 ! new fai? is to fulfill r ?an de/roy ! anci5t rites ( love4 ,su* a mono!i/ic cult w f9d no reason or occasion to commit ! blund] ( ! ,jesuit mission>ies1 & seek int]f]5ce ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! l&4 ,! ,mikado may /ill comm& ! rev]5ce & ! love ( ! p & be rationally honor$ z a *ild ( heav54 ,loyal ,*ri/ians d t "u e =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,fe> ,god2 honor ! k+2 = !re is no p[] b ,god1 & ! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god2 = !y are ! m9i/]s ( ,god's s]vice2--^! are ! precepts ( ! e>lie/ apo/olic gospel1 & ! mod]n mission>y ( ,*ri/ is b\nd to obs]ve & tea* !m4 ,he %\ld exhibit common s5se & discretion 9 =eign politics1 recognize & honor ! legitimate p[]1 & l ! ,great ,tea*]1 r5d] unto ,cs> ! ?+s t are ,cs>'s1 & unto ,god ! ?+s t are ,god's4 ,! ,%9to cult is ess5tially a religion ( race & national patriotism4 ,x is ! secret ( ,japanese h]oism & sacrifice 9 ! day ( battle4 ,he c\nts x sweet & glori\s to die = 8 c\ntry4 ,he is n 8 own2 he belongs to ! ,/ate4 ,we are told t ! ?ree pr9cipal comm&m5ts ( ! public & (ficial ,%9to fai? are ^!3 #a4 ,?\ %alt honor ! gods & love ?y c\ntry4 #b4 ,?\ %alt cle>ly und]/& ! pr9ciples ( ,heav51 & ! duty ( man4 #c4 ,?\ %alt rev]e ! emp]or z ?y sov]eign1 & obey ! w ( 8 c\rt4 ,surely ^! pr9ciples & precepts are capable ( easy adju/m5t to any =m ( national gov]nm5t1 & ! e?ics ( ,*ri/ianity are 9 fundam5tal accord ) _! ess5tial claims4 ,b h[ c ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ) its mono!i/ic wor%ip1 adju/ itself )\t antagonism to ! ance/or wor%ip ( ,japan8 ,_m seem to ?9k t 9 ?is p>ticul> !re mu/ ne$s be an irrepressible conflict1 = ! wor%ip ( ance/ors is c5tral & fundam5tal 9 ! ,%9to fai?1 & ! mo/ preci\s & hall[$ bond t holds ! family1 ! community1 & ! ,/ate toge!r4 ,9 ?is matt] we d well to obs]ve a numb] ( relevant facts4 ,ance/or wor%ip has exi/$ 9 a v>iety ( =ms among _m peoples4 ,x has und]gone v>i\s modifications 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 & x appe>s to h ceas$ among "s peoples & giv5 place to o!r ideas & =ms ( wor%ip4 ,! ,japanese conception is t _! ,mikado & all 8 p are (fspr+ ( ! gods1 & ea* "o1 :5 he dies1 becomes a deity1 b does n cease to h int]e/ 9 ! relatives & companions ( 8 e>?ly life4 ,dur+ ! siege ( ,port ,ar?ur1 ,togo s5t ! ,mikado a message 9 :i* he express$ ! ?\ght t ! patriotic manes ( ! fall5 h]oes might hov] ov] ! battlefield = a long "t & give unse5 protection to ! ,imp]ial =ces4 ,su* a fai? & su* inspiration f ! dead are ?+s :i* a pr\d nation does n easily let die4 ,b may we n approa* ! devotees ( su* a fai? ) ! words ( ! old ,hebrew prophet3 ,h we n all "o fa!r8 ,ha? n "o ,god creat$ u8 ,ye ?9k y\r honor$ ance/ors /ill live1 & love to ?9k ( y & aid y f _! high] sph]e2 is x n also j z true ( ! ance/ors & h]oes ( o!r l&s & peoples8 ,y h le>n$ t y\r beautiful l& ( ! re$-pla9s & ! fre% rice-e>s is only a v small portion ( ! _w ( m54 ,h ^! broad] l&s & m num]\s peoples sprung f o!r & great] gods ?an y\rs8 ,may x n r be t1 z !re is only "o sun to %9e on all ?is habitable _w1 s !re is "o ,heav5ly ,fa!r ( u all8 ,!n we are all (fspr+ ( "o ,supreme ,god & we %\ld all be bre?r54 ,our ance/ors & de> k9dr$ :o h pass$ out ( our sight %\ld lose no place 9 our affection by ?is l>g] ?\ght4#dd ,by "s su* sugge/ions1 & by su* fri5dly & p]suasive appeal to l>g] tru?s1 x w\ld seem t a high] & pur] fai? may comm5d itself to ! adh]5ts ( ,%9to1 )\t provok+ _! ho/ility1 & )\t ! compromise ( any ess5tial ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,z surely z self-evid5c+ sci5ce w9s h] onw>d way among ! nations1 s surely w self-evid5c+ tru?s ( religion w9 ! he>ts ( m54 ,we are famili> ) ! ,*ri/ian congregations s++3 ,fai? ( our fa!rs1 holy fai?6 ,we w be true to !e till dea?4 ,b ,*ri/ian & ,%9toi/ %\ld note ! fact t ! fa!rs & ! sons are great] ?an ! fai?4 ,z ! ,sabba? 0 made = man1 & n man = ! ,sabba?1 s ! fai?1 ! =ms ( wor%ip1 ! /hetic arts1 ! culture1 ! le>n+1 & all ! ennobl+ elem5ts ( ! highe/ civilization are made = man1 n man = !m4 ,be+1 !re=e1 n an end 9 !mselves1 b a means to ! atta9m5t ( "s high] boon1 !y mu/ all be judg$ accord+ to ! broad & noble prov]b3 ,:atsoev] ?+s are true1 :atsoev] ?+s are honorable1 :atsoev] ?+s are j1 :atsoev] ?+s are pure1 :atsoev] ?+s are lovely1 :atsoev] ?+s are ( good report2 if !re be any virtue1 & if !re be any praise1 take acc\nt ( ^! ?+s 7,phil4 #d3h74 ,x may be t ance/ral %r9es w become m sacr$ & m heav5ly :5 light$ ) ! glimm] ( immortal hopes ( bless$ reunion 9 ! unse5 _w1 & our =ms & mann] ( honor+ fa!r & "m & fri5ds t pass out f our homes may be safely left to adju/ !mselves to an uplift+ fai? t lives 9 ! he>t & ev] longs = all t is holie/ & be/4 ,! :ole _w looks ) admiration ^u t isl&-empire ( ! ,ori5t t has %[n )9 ?irty ye>s su* m>vel\s capacities ( adaptation & improvem5t4 ,if %e ?us g on to prove all ?+s & hold fa/ to t :i* is good1 :o kn[s b h] brilliant ris+ to great p[] & influ5ce among ! nations may m>k ! beg9n+ ( _w-wide re=ms8 ,h] trem5d\s1 bloody battles %\ld say to all mank9d3 ,let u h no m ( ?is4 ,let u e/abli% great1 tru/wor?y tribunals ( arbitration1 & settle our rights & diff]5ces !re4 ,let u beat our swords into pl[%>es & our spe>s into prun+-hooks4 ,su* triumphs ( peace & righte\sness might well br+ to pass ! old ,%9to ideal ( a code ( morals s deeply writt5 9 ! he>ts ( m5 & ( rul]s t !y spontane\sly d t :i* is obvi\sly "r4 ,= is n ?is l(ty ideal 9 accord ) t ( ! ,hebrew prophet :o descri$ a com+ gold5 age :5 !y %\ld tea* no m e man 8 neighbor1 & e man 8 bro!r1 say+1 ,"k ! ,"l2 = !y %all all "k ! ,"l1 f ! lea/ ( !m unto ! greate/ 7,j]4 #ca3cd78 ,on ! assumption t ! highe/ =m ( religion mu/ ne$s respond to ! highe/ moral te/1 ! editor ( ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal#de prop\nds ! foll[+ />tl+ "q1 ,h[ w\ld ! g5]al /atus ( ,*ri/ianity be affect$ by ! appe>ance 9 ! _w ( a religion :i* %\ld /& ! te/ bett] ?an h]self8 ,t is1 a religion or p t %\ld pres5t an exhibition ( moral excell5ce sup]ior to t se5 among ! ,*ri/ian nations4 ,our own belief is t su* an exhibition ( moral excell5ce 9 a non-,*ri/ian p w\ld set ! ,*ri/ian se>*+ 8 own /&>ds ( morality4 ,x may be t ,japan 9 h] late exhibitions ( ability 9 political diplomacy1 & h] sacrifice & waiv+ ( c]ta9 rightful claims to indemnity1 & ! exalt+ ( ! "r & ! tru? above n>r[1 selfi% int]e/s1 has put to %ame ! ,*ri/ian ,p[]s ( ,europe1 ^: conspicu\s qualities h be5 baneful /atecraft1 jeal\sy ( rivals1 & gre$ to enl>ge _! t]ritory by cru%+ feebl] ,/ates1 & gr9d+ d[n ! masses ( ! p4 ,su* an exhibit w\ld n prove ! inf]iority ( ,*ri/ian e?ics1 b ! failure ( ! s-call$ ,*ri/ian ,p[]s to honor & exemplify ! e?ics ( our gospel4 ,! pla9 fact 9 ?is matt] is1 z ?\ghtful m5 mu/ ev]y:]e ackn[l$ge1 t ! aggressive ,*ri/ian ,p[]s h enl>g$ _! empire at ! exp5se ( weak] ,/ates &1 by tak+ advantage ( _! day ( weakness & adv]sity1 h by su* ambiti\s proc$ures beli$ & violat$ ! fundam5tal comm&m5ts ( ! religion :i* !y pr(ess4 ,we ,am]icans h dream$ & sometimes boa/$ t our great ,republic ( fre$om has prov5 a mighty evangel ( human lib]ty & rights4 ,x is a lum9\s /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 & x arose 9 ! ,we/]n hemisph]e4 ,b ?is brilliant /> ( ! ,we/ has ca/ its helpful beams across ! ,pacific ,ocean ^u ! bloom+ rice-fields ( ,japan4 ,x may be t ^? gr&*ildr5 ( ! sun-goddess may by _! skill & pr[ess fla% ^u ! _w a light s /rong z to eclipse to "s ext5t our own1 & be s self-evid5tly excell5t t all mank9d w bid x welcome4 ,x may or may n be t all w ackn[l$ge ! radiant ,evangel z ! root & ! (fspr+ ( ,david4 ,) ! ,japanese x may = long be insi/$ t ?is new ,light is ! root & (fspr+ ( ! ,mikado & ! ,goddess ( ! ,dawn4 ,b we c waive t po9t & all ( u cry out1 ,let ! true ,light come4 ,if x make = righte\sness & love & ! peace ( ! _w1 we %all hail its ris+ 9 ! f> ,ea/ z ! light ( ! bright1 ! ,morn+ ,/>2 = !re is no o!r t c ultimately prove itself to be ! true ,light t lighte? e man t come? into ! _w4 ,,select ,,bibliography4 ,,a/on1 ,w4 ,g4 ,%9to1 ,! ,way ( ! ,gods4 ,london1 #aije4 ,,br9kley1 ,f4 ,japan & ,*9a4 #ab volumes4 ,london1 #aijc4 ,,*amb]la91 ,b4 ,h4 ,?+s ,japanese4 ,london1 #aijb4 ,,dy]1 ,,h5ry4 ,dai ,nippon4 ,a ,/udy 9 ,national ,evolution4 ,london1 #aijd4 ,,griffis1 ,,william ,,elliot4 ,! ,mikado's ,empire4 ,new ,york1 #ahgf4 ,religions ( ,japan1 f ! ,dawn ( ,hi/ory to ! ,era ( ,meiji4 ,new ,york1 #ahie4 ,,gulick1 ,,sidney ,l4 ,evolution ( ! ,japanese1 ,social & ,psy*ic4 ,*icago1 #aijc4 ,,he>n1 ,,lafcadio4 ,japan4 ,an ,attempt at ,int]pretation4 ,new ,york1 #aijd4 ,,ko-,,ji-,,ki1 or ,records ( ,anci5t ,matt]s4 ,translat$ by ,basil ,h4 ,*amb]la94 ,publi%$ z a ,supplem5t to ,vol4 ,x ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan4 ,yokohama1 #ahhc4 ,,l[ell1 ,,p]cival4 ,! ,s\l ( ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,bo/on1 #ahif4 ,,maclay1 ,,ar?ur ,c4 ,a ,budget ( ,lett]s f ,japan4 ,rem9isc5ces ( ,"w & ,travel 9 ,japan4 ,new ,york1 #ahhf4 ,,nihongi1 ,*ronicles ( ,japan f ! ,e>lie/ ,times to ,a4 ,d4 #fig4 ,translat$ f ! orig9al ,*9ese & ,japanese by ,w4 ,g4 ,a/on4 #b vols4 ,london1 #ahif4 ,publi%$ z a ,supplem5t to ! ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ! ,japan ,society1 ,london4 ,,re$1 ,,edw>d ,j4 ,japan3 ,its ,hi/ory1 ,traditions1 & ,religion4 ,london1 #ahhj4 ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan4 ,f #ahgb to ! pres5t "t4 ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ! ,japan ,society1 ,london4 ,f #ahib to ! pres5t "t4 ,^! sep>ate s]ies ( volumes ( ,transactions ( ,japanese ,societies1 runn+ ?r\gh _m ye>s1 are an invaluable repository ( in=mation on ! hi/ory1 cu/oms1 religion1 & lit]ature ( ,japan4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,! ,ko-ji-ki 7section ,,xxx7 has ?is rem>kable comb9ation3 ,! luxuriant-re$-pla9s-l&-(-fre%-rice-e>s-( -a-?\s&-autumns-(- long-five-hundr$-autumns4 ,! ,ritual ( ! ,great ,purification & o!r rituals call ,japan ! luxuriant re$-pla9 region ( fre% "y spikes4 ,! ^w spikes "h is a synonym = e>s ( rice4 #b ,und]/ood to be ,sir ,erne/ ,sat[4 #c ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 xvi1 "p ,i1 page #gc4 #d ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,july1 #ahgh1 p4 #ah4 #e ,x may n be improp] to sugge/ t "s ( ! notions ( ! ,we/]n peoples z to ! backw>dness ( ,japan 9 ! pa/1 & ! relative /age ( civilization rea*$ g5]ations ago 9 ! isl& empire may be v ludicr\s to ! m9d ( a self-respect+1 ?\ghtful son ( ,japan4 ,! ,mikado's m9i/] at ,p>is is report$ to h said3 ,we h = _m g5]ations s5t to ,europe exquisite lacqu] "w1 delicately c>v$ figures1 beautiful embroid]y1 & _m o!r ?+s :i* %[ our arti/ic ability & accompli%m5ts1 b ! ,europeans said we 7 unciviliz$4 ,we h rec5tly kill$ "s #gj1jjj ,russians1 & n[ e ,european nation is wond]+ at ! high civilization we h at la/ atta9$6 #f ,x is publi%$ z a ,supplem5t to vol4 x ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 pp4 lxxv & #cfi4 ,yokohama1 #ahhc4 #g ,!re is an ,engli% translation ( ! ,nihongi1 by ,w4 ,g4 ,a/on3 #b vols4 ,london1 #ahif4 ,x is publi%$ z a ,supplem5t to ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ! ,japan ,society1 ,london4 #h ,^! appe> 9 vols4 vii1 ix1 & xxvii ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan4 ,ov] ?irty-five volumes ( ^! ,transactions h appe>$1 & !y are an invaluable repository ( in=mation on ! hi/ory1 cu/oms1 religion1 & lit]ature ( ,japan4 ,o!r j\rnals ( l value are ! ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ! ,japan ,society ( ,london & ! ,deuts*e ,gesells*aft fr ,natur-und ,vlk]kunde ,o/asi5s 9 ,tokio4 #i ,sket*es ( ^! m5 & num]\s extracts f _! works may be f\nd 9 ,sat['s essay on ,! ,revival ( ,pure ,%9-tau1 publi%$ z ,app5dix ( vol4 iii ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan4 #aj ,japanese cosmology seems to po/ulate et]nal matt]1 b x is matt] almo/ completely lack+ consi/5cy--an indescribable1 nebul\s1 unsub/antial1 float+1 muddy foam--,japan3 ,its ,hi/ory1 ,arts1 & ,lit]ature4 ,by ,capta9 ,f4 ,br9kley4 ,vol4 ,v1 p4 #ajh4 7,j4 ,b4 ,millet ,co41 ,bo/on & ,tokyo47 #aa ,9 ! rituals he is (t5 call$ ,! ,sovran ,gr&*ild1 ?\gh an adopt$ son ( ! ,goddess2 s ! sovran gr&*ild is fir/ appli$ to ! f\nd] on e>? ( ! ,mikado's dyna/y1 & aft]w>d to ea* & all ( 8 successors on ! ?rone ( ,japan4 #ab ,see ,*amb]la9's ,engli% translation ( ! ,ko-ji-ki1 p4 iv4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ! /ory ( ,ezra dictat+ ! lo/ sacr$ books ( ,israel1 f a memory inspir$ sup]naturally1 :ile five rapid scribes wrote d[n :at 0 told !m4 ,see #b ,esdras1 *ap4 xiv4 #ac ,we may comp>e ! fact t 9 our book ( ,g5esis ! =mation ( ! e>? & ! heav5s is call$ ! g5]ations ( ! heav5s & ! e>? 7,g54 ii1 #d74 ,9 a pap] ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan 7vol4 xvi1 "p ,i71 ,dr4 ,j4 ,edk9s has an int]e/+ comp>ison ( ,p]sian elem5ts 9 ,japanese leg5ds1 9 :i* he %[s analogies betwe5 ,mi?ra & ,amat]asu1 ! sev5 ,japanese deities ( wood1 wat]1 fire1 w9d1 e>?1 sea1 & m\nta9 ) ! ,mazdean ,ame%a-sp5tas1 & analogies ( ! und]world 9 sev]al o!r my?ic cults4 #ad ,see ! valuable pap] on ,! ,beg9n+ ( ,japanese ,hi/ory1 ,civilization1 & ,art1 by ! ,rev4 ,i4 ,dooman1 9 ,vol4 ,,xxv ( ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan2 especially 8 *apt] iv1 on ,! ,fundam5tal ,religi\s ,ideas ( ! ,e>ly ,japanese4 #ae ,see ,sat['s ,! ,revival ( ,pure ,%9tau1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 iii1 ,app5dix1 p4 #ga4 #af ,lafcadio ,he>n puts ?is :ole matt] v t]sely1 ?us3 ,! e?ics ( ,%9to 7 all compris$ 9 ! doctr9e ( unqualifi$ ob$i5ce to cu/oms orig9at+1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 ! family cult4 ,e?ics 7 n diff]5t f religion2 religion 0 n diff]5t f gov]nm5t1 & ! v ^w = gov]nm5t signifi$ 'matt]s ( religion4' ,all gov]nm5t c]emonies 7 prec$$ by pray] & sacrifice2 & f ! highe/ rank ( society to ! l[e/ e p]son 0 subject to ! law ( tradition4 ,to obey 0 piety2 to disobey 0 impi\s1 & ! rule ( ob$i5ce 0 en=c$ ^u ea* individual by ! w ( ! community to :i* he belong$4--,japan1 an ,int]pretation1 p4 #age4 #ag ,?is respect = ! ,sun-,goddess po9ts to an aborig9al wor%ip ( ! sun among ! ance/ors ( ! ,japanese p4 #ah ,/rictly speak+1 ! ,%9to sanctu>ies are %r9es r ?an temples1 s t ! ,japanese w\ld always speak ( ,%9to %r9es z di/9ct f ,buddhi/ temples4 #ai ,a k9d ( ev]gre51 l ! p9e1 & peculi> to ,japan4 #bj ,! ,%9tau ,temples ( ,is4 ,! ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ajh4 #ba ,! ,%9tau ,temples ( ,is4 ,transactions ( ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ajd4 #bb ,sat['s ,! ,%9tau ,temples ( ,is1 pp4 #aai1 #abj4 #bc ,accord+ to ,a/on1 ance/or wor%ip1 9 ! s5se ( a deification & honor+ ( ! dep>t$ spirits ( "o's own ance/ors1 0 no "p ( ! olde/ ,%9to cult1 b r a lat] importation f ,*9a4 ,see 8 ,%9to1 ! ,way ( ! ,gods1 pp4 #dd-dg4 ,london1 #aije4 #bd ,japanese ,hi/ory ( ,civilization & ,arts4 ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 xxv1 p4 #hi4 #be ,japan3 an ,int]pretation1 pp4 #eb1 #ec4 ,new ,york1 #aijd4 #bf ,9 vol4 xix1 pt4 ,i1 ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 pp4 #ic1 #id4 #bg ,?is *e]y & jubilant aspect ( ,%9tau wor%ip ought n to be deem$ an objectional elem5t ( true religion4 ,r ! opposite idea1 t religion is a matt] ( s\l-p]il & s]i\sness s grave z to produce fe> or dread ( ! deity1 is a p]v]sion ( ! tru?4 ,true love ( ,god 7or ( ! gods7 mu/ ne$s h :olesome rev]5ce = :at is adorable1 b also ought to inspire a w>m? ( affection & a confid5ce t drives out sup]/iti\s fe> & begets exquisite delight 9 ! he>t & s\l & m9d ( ! true wor%ip]4 #bh ,see ,anci5t ,japanese ,rituals1 translat$ & annotat$ by ,e4 ,sat[1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 vii1 "p ,,ii1 & "p ,,iv2 vol4 ix1 "p ,,ii4 ,also by ,k>l ,flor5z1 9 vol4 xxvii1 "p ,i4 ,9 vol4 vii1 "p ,,ii1 pp4 #ajf-ajh1 ,sat[ gives a li/ ( ! ,norito rituals conta9$ 9 ! ,y5gi%iki1 to ! numb] ( tw5ty-sev54 ,( ^! he translates only n9e4 #bi ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 vii1 "p ,,ii1 p4 #abg4 #cj ,! prie/s :o (ficiat$ at ! *ief fe/ivals belong$ exclusively to two families1 ! ,nakatomi & ! ,imbibi1 bo? ( :om 7 desc5d$ f inf]ior deities1 :o accompani$ ! ',sovran ,gr&*ild' :5 he came d[n to e>?4--,sat[1 9 ,we/m9/] ,review = ,july1 #ahgh1 p4 #af4 #ca ,! read] ( ! ritual "h p]sonates ! ,mikado4 #cb ,temples "h us$ by metonymy = deities4 #cc ,9 vol4 xxvii1 "p ,i1 ( ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan4 ,f ?is our extracts are tak54 ,flor5z gives 9 great detail ! v>i\s practices1 & ! anci5t & mod]n =ms ( ! ritual1 & ! cu/oms at diff]5t %r9es4 ,he also discusses ! "q ( ! orig9 & age ( ! c]emony4 #cd ,see ! int]e/+ article by ,?omas ,r4 ,h4 ,mc,clatchie on ,! ,sword ( ,japan1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #ej-ef4 #ce ,japan3 an ,int]pretation1 p4 #bjh4 #cf ,%9to1 ! ,way ( ! ,gods1 p4 #cfj4 #cg ,x is admitt$ by all writ]s on ,japan t ! practical e?ics ( ,confucianism has f ! fir/ l>gely nullifi$ ! m subtle & dreamy elem5ts ( ,buddhism4 ,! common s5se ( ! ,japanese p1 9 spite ( all peculi>ities1 has made x necess>y = ,buddhism to adju/ itself to ! popul> m9d4 #ch ,sat[1 9 ,transactions ( ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vol4 ii1 p4 #aba4 ,comp>e ! /atem5t ( ,mabu*i z giv5 9 ,sat['s pap] on ,! ,revival ( ,pure ,%9-tau1 9 ,app5dix to vol4 iii ( ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 p4 #ad4 #ci ,! ,s\l ( ! ,f> ,ea/1 p4 #aff4 #dj ,= int]e/+ in=mation on ?is my/ic phase ( ,%9to see ! articles ( ,p]cival ,l[ell on ,esot]ic ,%9to1 9 ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan1 vols4 xxi & xxii4 #da ,! gods ( ,japan1 writes ,gulick1 are innum]able 9 !ory & multitud9\s 9 practice4 ,n only are !re gods ( goodness1 b also gods ( lu/ & ( evil1 to :om robb]s & h>lots may pray = success & bless+4 ,b 9 all ?is multitud9\s pan!on !re is no "o ,supreme ,deity4 ,!re is no ^w 9 ! ,japanese language correspond+ to ! ,engli% t]m ,god4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to x are ! ,confucian t]ms ,jo-tei1 ',supreme ,emp]or2' ,t51 ',heav51' & ,t5-tei1 ',heav5ly ,emp]or2' b all ( ^! t]ms are ,*9ese2 !y are !re=e ( late appe>ance 9 ,japan1 & repres5t r conceptions ( educat$ & ,confucian classes ?an ! ideas ( ! masses4--,evolution ( ! ,japanese1 p4 #caa4 #db ,! ,_w's ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 vol4 ii1 p4 #abhb4 ,we mu/ n ov]look ! fact t ! mod]n ,%9toism has its sects1 z well z ,buddhism4 ,!re is ! sect call$ ,t5-,ri-,kyo 7,heav5-,reason-,tea*+74 ,also ! ,kurosumi sect1 putt+ notewor?y emphasis on morality4 #dc ,gulick's ,evolution ( ! ,japanese1 p4 #bid4 ,:atev] may be ! defects ( ,japanese "* 9 g5]al1 x is common = ne>ly all travel]s :o h visit$ ! c\ntry & /udi$ ! habits ( ! p at _! homes1 to speak ( !m z mild1 c\rte\s1 cleanly1 frugal1 intellig5t1 quick to le>n1 & gift$ ) a g5ius = imitation4 ,_! soldi]s h prov$ !mselves a mat* = ! mo/ r5[n$ w>riors1 & are m>vel\sly apt to make ! mo/ ( opportunities4 #dd ,9 8 ,evolution ( ! ,japanese 7p4 #ge7 ,gulick quotes f ! ,japan ,mail 7( ,septemb] #cj1 #ahii7 a numb] ( special in/ructions to be giv5 to ! pupils 9 ! ,japanese s*ools t\*+ _! behavior t[>d =eign]s4 ,"o ( ! ord]s reads ?us3 ,s9ce all human be+s are bro!rs & si/]s1 !re is no reason = fe>+ =eign]s4 ,treat !m z equals & act uprightly 9 all y\r deal+s ) !m4 ,su* in/ruction %\ld surely1 9 "t1 enl>ge ! _w-conception ( ! ,%9toi/4 #de ,vol4 iv1 #aijf1 pp4 #ai-da4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,e ef=t has be5 made to replicate ?is text z fai?fully z possible includ+ inconsi/5cies ( hyph5ation4