,libr>ies7 ,?is e-text includes a few *>act]s t require ,,utf-#h 7,unicode7 file encod+4 ,except = 1 !y occur only 9 quot$ mat]ial4 ,all are r>e3 7oe ligature7 7long s7 7,greek7 7lett]s ) ov]l9es & simil> diacritics7 ,if any ( ^! *>act]s d n display prop]ly--9 p>ticul>1 if a diacritic does n appe> directly above its lett]--or if ! apo/rophes & quotation m>ks 9 ?is p>agraph appe> z g>bage1 make sure y\r text read]'s 8"* set0 or 8file encod+0 is set to ,unicode 7,,utf-#h74 ,y may also ne$ to *ange ! default font4 ,z a la/ resort1 use ! ,lat9-#a v]sion ( ! file in/ead4 ,footnotes h be5 numb]$ cont9u\sly )9 ea* *apt]4 ,monograms & simil> symbols are %[n 9 ! text ) d\ble brackets4 ,!re is no table ( cont5ts1 b ! ,li/ ( ,illu/rations gives ! same in=mation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,blake4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,l9ton4 ,,dea?',s ,,door4 ,a ,,treatise on ,,wood ,,engrav+ ,hi/orical & ,practical ) ,upw>ds ( ,?ree ,hundr$ ,illu/rations ,engrav$ on ,wood ,,by ,,john ,,jackson4 ,,! ,,hi/orical ,,portion ,,by ,w4 ,a4 ,,*atto4 ,second ,edition ) a ,new ,*apt] on ! ,arti/s ( ! ,pres5t ,day ,,by ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,bohn ,& #ade ,additional ,wood ,engrav+s4 ,,london ,h5ry ,g4 ,bohn1 ,york ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,m4,,dccc4,,lxi4 ,illu/ration3 ,ri*>d ,clay _/ ,breads ,hill _/ ,sola ,lux ,mihi ,laus _/ ,london ,,notice ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,! =m] edition ( ?is ,hi/ory ( ,wood ,engrav+ hav+ become extremely sc>ce & comm]cially valuable1 ! publi%] 0 glad to obta9 ! copyright & wood-blocks f ,mr4 ,mason ,jackson1 son ( ! late ,mr4 ,jackson1 orig9al proprietor ( ! "w1 ) ! view ( repr9t+ x4 ,x w be se5 by ! two di/9ct prefaces :i* accompani$ ! =m] edition1 & are "h repr9t$1 t !re 0 "s exi/+ s*ism betwe5 ! jo9t produc]s at ! "t ( fir/ publication4 ,mr4 ,jackson1 ! engrav]1 payma/]1 & proprietor1 conceiv$ t he _h a "r to d :at he lik$ ) 8 own2 :ile ,mr4 ,*atto1 8 lit]>y coadjutor1 v naturally felt t he 0 entitl$ to "s recognition on ! title-page ( :at he _h s successfully p]=m$4 ,on ! book mak+ its appe>ance )\t ,mr4 ,*atto's "n on ! title-page1 & ) c]ta9 suppressions 9 8 preface to :i* he _h n giv5 cons5t1 a virul5t controv]sy ensu$1 :i* 0 embodi$ 9 a pamphlet t]m$ 8a ?ird preface10 & aft]w>ds c>ri$ on 9 ! ,a!num ( ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 #ahci4 ,z ?is preface has no?+ 9 x b ! outp\r+s ( a qu>rel :i* c n[ int]e/ no "o1 ,i d n republi% any "p ( x2 & look+ back on ! controv]sy aft] ! lapse ( tw5ty ye>s1 ,i _c help feel+ t ,mr4 ,*atto _h reasonable gr\nd = compla9+ t 8 "n 0 omitt$1 al?\gh ,i ?9k ,mr4 ,jackson _h full "r to det]m9e :at ! book %\ld be call$1 see+ t x 0 8 own exclusive speculation4 ,x is n = me to *ange a title n[ s firmly e/abli%$1 b ,i w d ,mr4 ,*atto ! civility to introduce 8 "n on x1 )\t conc]n+ myself ) ! "q ( :at he did or did n d1 or :at ,mr4 ,jackson contribut$ beyond 8 practical rem>ks & anxi\s sup]9t5d5ce4 ,al?\gh ,i h ! pleasure ( a p]sonal acqua9tance ) ,mr4 ,*atto1 & communicat$ to him my int5tion ( republi%+ ! "w1 ,i decl9$ lett+ him see x ?r\gh ! press2 resolv+ to /& :olly responsible = any alt]ations or improvem5ts ,i might *oose to make4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i h be5 q z *>y ( lett+ ev5 ! %ade ( ,mr4 ,jackson raise a new commotion--,i say ! %ade1 because1 hav+ 8 own copy full ( manuscript rem>ks1 x 0 at my option to use !m2 b ,i h adopt$ no?+ f ?is s\rce save a few palpable am5dm5ts4 ,:at additions h be5 made are entirely my own1 & h aris5 f a desire to increase ! numb] ( illu/rations :]e ,i ?\ght !m previ\sly defici5t & _h ! means ( supply+ !m4 ,) ! ins]tion ( ^! additional illu/rations1 :i* x appe>s am\nt to sev5ty-five1 x became necess>y to describe !m1 & ?is has occasion$ ! introduction ( p]haps a hundr$ or two l9es1 :i* are di/ribut$ 9 ! =m ( notes or p>agraphs ?r\gh\t ! volume4 ,= ! *ief ( ^! additions ! critical exam9] is ref]r$ to ! foll[+ pages3 #cba1 #cbb1 #cdj1 #ceb1 #cgd1 #dbh1 #dfh1 #dgg1 #dhj1 #dic1 #ecj1 #eca1 #ecb1 #eci1 #edj1 #eda1 #edb1 #edc1 #ede1 #edf1 #edg1 #edh1 #fag1 #fci4 ,! *apt] on ! arti/s ( ! pres5t day is entirely new1 & 0 n contemplat$1 z may be ga!r$ f ! rem>ks at pages #edi & #eig1 until ! book 0 on ! eve ( publication4 ,x conta9s upw>ds ( sev5ty high class wood engrav+s1 & gives a fair specim5 ( ! tal5ts ( "s ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ arti/s4 ,gett+ t supplem5t>y matt] toge!r & into %ape1 0 n s light & sudd5 a task z ,i meant x to be2 b n[ x is done ,i feel t x 0 "r to d x1 & ,i c only hope t my unpret5d+ lab\rs w be deem$ a /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,%\ld ,i reta9 my heal?1 /r5g?1 & means1 ,i purpose1 at no v di/ant p]iod1 to foll[ up ! pres5t volume ) "o p]haps z l>ge1 giv+ a m complete s]ies ( ,examples ( ! arti/s ( ! day1 z well ^? ( ,france & ,g]many z ( ,engl&4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i ?9k x due to ,mr4 ,clay to ackn[l$ge ! att5tion & skill :i* he has ex]cis$ 9 8br++ up0 ! num]\s & some:at difficult cuts to ! agreeable face !y n[ pres5t4 ,a good engrav+ )\t good pr9t+ is l a diamond )\t its poli%4 ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,bohn4 ,janu>y #d?1 #ahfa4 ,,mr4 ,,jackson',s ,,preface4 ,i feel x my duty to submit to ! public a few rem>ks1 introductory to ! ,preface1 :i* be>s ! signature ( ,mr4 ,*atto4 ,z my att5tion has be5 m readily direct$ to matt]s connect$ ) my own pr(ession ?an any o!r1 x is n surpris+ t ,i %\ld f9d almo/ a total abs5ce ( practical k 9 all ,engli% au?ors :o h writt5 ! e>ly hi/ory ( wood engrav+4 ,f ! fir/ occasion on :i* my att5tion 0 direct$ to ! subject1 to ! pres5t "t1 ,i h _h frequ5t occasion to regret1 t ! e>ly hi/ory & practice ( ! art 7 n to be f\nd 9 any book 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,9 ! mo/ exp5sive works ( ?is description ! process itself is n ev5 correctly describ$1 s t ! read]--suppos+ him to be unacqua9t$ ) ! subject--is oblig$ to foll[ ! au?or 9 comp>ative d>kness4 ,x has n be5 )\t reason ,i h come to ! conclusion1 t1 if ! practice1 z well z ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+1 7 bett] und]/ood1 we %\ld n h s _m speculative op9ions put =? by almo/ all writ]s on ! subject1 tak+ on tru/ :at has be5 previ\sly writt51 )\t giv+ !mselves ! tr\ble to exam9e & =m an op9ion ( _! own4 ,bo? ) a view to amuse & improve myself z a wood engrav]1 ,i _h long be5 9 ! habit ( /udy+ su* productions ( ! old ma/]s z came )9 my rea*1 & c\ld n help not+ ! simple mi/akes t _m au?ors made 9 consequ5ce ( _! kn[+ no?+ ( ! practice4 ,! f>!r ,i prosecut$ ! inquiry1 ! m int]e/+ x became2 e additional piece ( in=mation /r5g!n+ my fir/ op9ion1 t1 8if ! practice1 z well z ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+1 7 bett] und]/ood10 we %\ld n h s _m errone\s /atem5ts respect+ bo? ! hi/ory & capabilities ( ! art4 ,at l5g?1 ,i det]m9$ ^u engrav+ at my leisure h\rs a fac-simile ( any?+ ,i ?\ght wor? pres]v+4 ,= "s "t ,i cont9u$ to pursue ?is c\rse1 read+ su* ,engli% au?ors z h writt5 on ! orig9 & e>ly hi/ory ( wood engrav+1 & mak+ memor&a1 )\t propos+ to myself any p>ticul> plan4 ,x 0 n until ,i _h proce$$ ?us f> t ,i /opp$ to consid] :e!r ! in=mation ,i _h glean$ c\ld n be appli$ to "s specific purpose4 ,my plan1 at ?is "t1 0 to give a %ort introductory hi/ory to prec$e ! practice ( ! art1 :i* ,i propos$ %\ld =m ! pr9cipal feature 9 ! ,"w4 ,at ?is p]iod1 ,i 0 =tunate 9 procur+ ! able assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,*atto1 ) :om ,i h exam9$ e "w t call$ = ! ex]cise ( practical k4 ,?is naturally anticipat$ mu* t _h be5 res]v$ = ! practice1 & has1 9 "s degree1 ext5d$ ! hi/orical portion beyond :at ,i _h orig9ally contemplat$2 al?\gh1 ,i tru/1 ! read] w h no occasion to regret su* a deviation f ! orig9al plan1 or t x has n be5 writt5 by myself4 ,! numb] & v>iety ( ! subjects x has be5 f\nd necess>y to introduce1 r5d]$ x a task ( "s difficulty to pres]ve ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* individual ma/]1 v>y+ z !y d 9 ! /yle ( execution4 ,x only rema9s = me to add1 t1 al?\gh ,i _h ! h>dihood to v5ture ^u su* an und]tak+1 x 0 n )\t a hope t ! hi/ory ( ! art1 ) an acc\nt ( ! practice1 illu/rat$ ) num]\s wood engrav+s1 w\ld be look$ ^u ) indulg5ce f "o :o only pr(ess$ to give a fac-simile ( :atev] appe>$ wor?y ( notice1 ) op9ions f\nd$ on a practical k ( ! art4 ,,john ,,jackson4 ,,london1 ,decemb] #ae?1 #ahch4 ,,mr4 ,,*atto',s ,,preface4 ,?\gh sev]al ,engli% au?ors h1 9 mod]n times1 writt5 on ! orig9 & e>ly hi/ory ( wood engrav+1 yet no "o has hi!rto giv51 9 a di/9ct "w1 a connect$ acc\nt ( its progress f ! e>lie/ p]iod to ! pres5t "t2 & no "o1 h[ev] confid5tly he may h express$ 8 op9ion on ! subject1 appe>s to h ?\ght x necess>y to make himself acqua9t$ ) ! practice ( ! art4 ,! antiquity & e>ly hi/ory ( wood engrav+ appe> to h be5 consid]$ z !mes :i* all[$ ( great scope = speculation1 & requir$ no practical k ( ! art4 ,x is f ?is cause t we f9d s _m errone\s /atem5ts 9 almo/ e mod]n diss]tation on wood engrav+4 ,_h ! writ]s ev] ?\ght ( appeal+ to a p]son practically acqua9t$ ) ! art1 ^: e>ly productions !y pr(ess$ to give "s acc\nt (1 _! conjectures might1 9 _m in/ances1 h be5 sp>$2 & _h !y1 9 matt]s requir+ rese>*1 tak5 ! pa9s to exam9e & judge = !mselves1 in/ead ( adopt+ ! op9ions ( o!rs1 !y w\ld h discov]$ t a consid]able portion ( :at !y ?us took on tru/1 0 n 9 accordance ) facts4 ,z ! antiquity & e>ly hi/ory ( wood engrav+ =m a consid]able portion ( two exp5sive works :i* pr(ess to give "s acc\nt ( ! art1 x has be5 ?\ght t su* a "w z ! pres5t1 comb9+ ! hi/ory ) ! practice ( ! art1 & ) num]\s cuts illu/rative ( its progress1 decl9e1 & revival1 might n be unfav\rably receiv$4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] an attempt is made to trace ! pr9ciple ( wood engrav+ f ! e>lie/ au!ntic p]iod2 & to prove1 by a cont9u\s s]ies ( facts1 t ! art1 :5 fir/ appli$ to ! impression ( pictorial subjects on pap]1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 n s mu* an orig9al inv5tion1 z ! ext5sion ( a pr9ciple :i* _h long be5 kn[n & practically appli$4 ,! second *apt] conta9s an acc\nt ( ! progress ( ! art z exemplifi$ 9 ! e>lie/ kn[n s+le cuts1 & 9 ! block-books :i* prec$$ ! inv5tion ( typography4 ,9 ?is *apt] !re is also an acc\nt ( ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 :i* has be5 ascrib$ to ,laur5ce ,co/] by ,hadrian ,junius1 ,scriv]ius1 ,me]man1 & o!rs1 & :i* has frequ5tly be5 describ$ z an e>ly block-book execut$ previ\s to #addj4 ,a close exam9ation ( two ,lat9 editions ( ! book has1 h[ev]1 conv9c$ me1 t 9 ! e>lie/ ! text is entirely pr9t$ f movable types1 & t 9 ! o!r--suppos$ by ,me]man to be ! e>lie/1 & to af=d pro(s ( ! progress ( ,co/]'s inv5tion--^? portions ( ! text :i* are pr9t$ f wood-blocks h be5 copi$ f ! correspond+ portions ( ! e>li] edition ) ! text pr9t$ entirely f movable types4 ,f\rni] 0 ! fir/ :o discov]$ t "o ( ! ,lat9 editions 0 pr9t$ p>tly f types1 & p>tly f wood-blocks2 & ! cr$it ( %[+1 f c]ta9 imp]fections 9 ! cuts1 t ?is edition 0 subsequ5t to ! o!r ) ! text pr9t$ entirely f types1 is due to ! late ,mr4 ,ottley4 ,z typography1 or pr9t+ f movable types1 0 unque/ionably sugge/$ by ! e>lie/ block-books ) ! text engrav$ on wood1 ! ?ird *apt] is devot$ to an exam9ation ( ! claims ( ,gutemb]g & ,co/] to ! hon\r ( ?is inv5tion4 ,9 ! inve/igation ( ! evid5ce :i* has be5 produc$ 9 ! behalf ( ea*1 ! writ] has endeav\r$ to dive/ 8 m9d ( all bias1 & to decide accord+ to facts1 )\t ref]5ce to ! op9ions ( ei!r p>ty4 ,he has _h no !ory to support2 & has nei!r a p>tiality = ,m5tz1 nor a dislike to ,h>lem4 ,x p]haps may n be unnecess>y to m5tion "h1 t ! cuts ( arms f ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 giv5 at pages #ge1 #gf1 & #gg1 7 engrav$ be=e ! writ] _h se5 ,kon+'s "w on ! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+1 ,h>lem1 #ahaf1 :]e !y are also copi$1 & sev]al ( !m assign$ to ,hannau1 ,burgundy1 ,brabant1 ,utre*t1 & ,leyd51 & to c]ta9 ,flemi% noblem51 ^: names are n m5tion$4 ,x is n improbable t1 l ! two ra% ,knights 9 ! fable1 we may h se5 ! %ields on opposite sides2--! be>+s may be common to /ates & families1 bo? ( ,g]many & ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,! f\r? *apt] conta9s an acc\nt ( wood engrav+ 9 connexion ) ! press1 f ! e/abli%m5t ( typography to ! latt] end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! fif? *apt] compreh5ds ! p]iod 9 :i* ,alb]t ,dur] fl\ri%$1--t is1 f ab\t #adih to #aebh4 ,! six? conta9s a notice ( ! pr9cipal wood-cuts design$ by ,holbe91 ) an acc\nt ( ! ext5sion & improvem5t ( ! art 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ( its subsequ5t decl9e4 ,9 ! sev5? *apt] ! hi/ory ( ! art is br\ght d[n f ! comm5cem5t ( ! eighte5? c5tury to ! pres5t "t4 ,! eigh? *apt] conta9s an acc\nt ( ! practice ( ! art1 ) rem>ks on metallic relief engrav+1 & ! be/ mode ( pr9t+ wood-cuts4 ,z no detail$ acc\nt ( ! practice ( wood engrav+ has hi!rto be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 x is presum$ t ! in=mation af=d$ by ?is "p ( ! ,"w w n only be int]e/+ to amateurs ( ! art1 b useful to ^? :o are pr(essionally connect$ ) x4 ,x is b ju/ice to ,mr4 ,jackson to add1 t ! ,"w 0 comm5c$ by him at 8 sole risk2 t mo/ ( ! subjects are ( 8 selection2 & t ne>ly all ( !m 7 engrav$1 & t a great "p ( ! ,"w 0 writt51 be=e he ?\ght ( apply+ to a publi%]4 ,! cr$it ( comm5c+ ! ,"w1 & ( illu/rat+ x s pr(usely1 reg>dless ( exp5se1 is unque/ionably due to him4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,*atto4 ,,london1 ,decemb] #e?1 #ahch4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! ^w 8ditto0--writt5 out--0 pr9t$ z %[n4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,antiquity ,,( ,,engrav+1 #a-ci4 ,page ,initial lett] ,a1-- an anci5t ,greek scriv+ on a tablet ( wood1 drawn by ,w4 ,h>vey #a ,view ( a roll+-press1 on wood & on copp]1 %[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a woodcut & a copp]-plate engrav+ :5 bo? are pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] #d ,back & front view ( an anci5t ,egyptian brick-/amp #f ,copy ( an impression on a ,babylonian brick #g ,roman /amp1 9 relief #h ,roman /amps1 9 intaglio #aj ,monogram ( ,!odoric1 k+ ( ! ,o/rogo?s #ac ,monogram ( ,*>lemagne #ad ,go?ic m>ks & monograms #ae ,*>act]s on ,go?ic co9s #af ,m>k ( an ,italian not>y1 #abcf #af ,m>ks ( ,g]man not>ies1 #acde-aeba #ag ,engli% ,m]*ants'-m>ks ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies #ah ,tail-piece1 illu/rative ( ! antiquity ( engrav+1-- ,babylonian brick1 ,roman e>!nw>e1 ,roman /amp1 & a roll ) ! m>k ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or ,o?o 9 ! corn] #ci ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,progress ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+1 #dj-aag4 ,initial lett] ,f1 f an old book conta9+ an alphabet ( simil> lett]s1 engrav$ on wood1 =m]ly belong+ to ,sir ,george ,beaumont #dj ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ) ! date #adbc1 f a cut 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,sp5c] #df ,! ,annunciation1 f a cut probably ( ! same p]iod1 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,sp5c] #ej ,/4 ,bridget1 f an old cut 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,sp5c] #eb ,%ields f ! ,apocalypse1 or ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,john1 an old block-book #fe ,/4 ,john prea*+ to ! infidels1 & baptiz+ ,drusiana1 f ! same book #ff ,! dea? ( ! ,two ,witnesses1 & ! miracles ( ,anti*ri/1 f ! same book #fg ,gr\p f ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 an old block-book #ga ,copy ( a page ( ! same book #gb ,figures & a %ield ( arms1 f ! same book #ge ,%ields ( arms1 f ! same book #gf-gh ,copy ( ! fir/ page ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible1 an old block-book #hf ,heads f ! same book #hh ,*ri/ tempt$1 a fac-simile ( "o ( ! comp>tm5ts 9 ! fir/ page ( ! same book #hi ,adam & ,eve eat+ ( ! =bidd5 fruit1 f ! same book #ij ,esau sell+ 8 bir?right1 ditto #ia ,heads ditto #ib ,fir/ cut 9 ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 :i* has g5]ally1 b errone\sly1 be5 describ$ z a block-book1 z ! text 9 ! fir/ edition is pr9t$ ) types #if ,fall ( ,lucif]1 a fac-simile ( "o ( ! comp>tm5ts ( ! prec$+ #ig ,! ,creation ( ,eve1 a fac-simile ( ! second comp>tm5t ( ! same #ih ,pap]-m>k 9 ! ,alphabet ( l>ge lett]s compos$ ( figures1 =m]ly belong+ to ,sir ,george ,beaumont #ajg ,lett] ,k1 f ! same book #aji ,lett] ,l1 ditto #aaj ,lett] ,z1 ditto #aaa ,fl[]$ ornam5t1 ditto #aab ,cuts f ! ,ars ,memor&i1 an old block-book #aae ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,typography1 #aah-afc4 ,initial lett] ,b1 f a manuscript life ( ,/4 ,bir9us1 ( ! twelf? c5tury #aah ,tail piece-portraits ( ,gutemb]g1 ,fau/1 & ,s*eff] #afc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,wood ,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,connexion ,,) ,,! ,,press1 #afd-bbi4 ,initial lett] ,c1 f ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt] #afd ,apes1 f a book ( ,fables pr9t$ at ,bamb]g by ,alb]t ,pfi/]1 #adfa #aga ,heads1 f an edition ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible1 pr9t$ by ,pfi/] #agg ,*ri/ & 8 ,disciples1 f ! same #agg ,joseph mak+ himself kn[n to 8 ,bre?r51 f ! same #agh ,! ,prodigal ,son's return1 f ! same #agh ,! ,creation ( ,animals1 f ,m$itationes ,joannis de ,turrecremata1 pr9t$ at ,rome1 #adfg #ahe ,a bomb-%ell & a man %oot+ f a k9d ( h&-gun1 f ,valturius de ,re ,milit>i1 pr9t$ at ,v]ona1 #adgb #ahh ,a man %oot+ f a cross-b[1 f ! same #ahi ,! ,knight1 f ,caxton's ,book ( ,*ess1 ab\t #adgf #aic ,! ,bi%op's pawn1 f ! same #aid ,two figures-- ,music1 f ,caxton's ,mirr\r ( ! ,_w1 #adhj #aif ,frontispiece to ,breyd5ba*'s ,travels1 pr9t$ at ,m5tz1 #adhf #bjg ,syrian ,*ri/ians1 f ! same #bji ,old ,woman ) a basket ( eggs on h] head1 f ! ,hortus ,sanitatis1 pr9t$ at ,m5tz1 #adia #baa ,head ( ,p>is1 f ! book usually call$ ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 pr9t$ at ,nuremb]g1 #adic #bab ,creation ( ,eve1 f ! same #bae ,! same subject f ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible #baf ,! difficult ,lab\r ( ,alcm5a1 f an ,italian translation ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 #adig #bag ,m>s1 ,v5us1 & ,m]cury1 f ,poliphili ,hypn]otoma*ia1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice1 #adii #bba ,cupid br\ght by ,m]cury be=e ,jove1 f ! same #bbb ,cupid & 8 ,victims1 f ! same #bbb ,bac*us1 f ! same #bbc ,cupid1 f ! same #bbd ,a ,vase1 f ! same #bbd ,cat & ,m\se1 f a suppos$ old wood-cut pr9t$ 9 ,d]s*au's ,collection1 #ahjh-ahaf #bbf ,man 9 arm\r on horseback1 f a wood-cut1 =m]ly us$ by ,mr4 ,george ,angus ( ,newca/le #bbh ,tail-piece-- ! press ( ,jodocus ,badius ,asc5sianus1 f ! title-page ( a book pr9t$ by him ab\t #adih #bbi ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,wood ,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,alb]t ,,dur]1 #bcj-cbc4 ,initial lett] ,m1 f an edition ( ,ovid's ,tri/ia1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice by ,j4 de ,cireto1 #adii #bcj ,peasants danc+ & regal+1 f ,heures a l',usaige de ,*>tres1 pr9t$ at ,p>is by ,simon ,vo/re ab\t #aejb4 ,! fir/ ( ^! cuts occurs 9 a simil> "w-- ,heures a l',usaige de ,rome-- pr9t$ by ,simon ,vo/re 9 #adig #bcc ,! woman clo!d ) ! sun1 f ,alb]t ,dur]'s illu/rations ( ! ,apocalypse1 #adih #bdj ,! ,virg9 & ,infant ,*ri/1 f ,alb]t ,dur]'s illu/rations ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 #aeaa #bdc ,! ,bir? ( ! ,virg91 f ! same "w #bdd ,/4 ,joseph at "w z a c>p5t]1 ) ! ,virg9 rock+ ! ,infant ,*ri/ 9 a cradle1 f ! same #bdf ,*ri/ mock$1 f ,dur]'s illu/rations ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ab\t #aeaa #bdg ,! ,la/ ,supp]1 f ! same #bdh ,*ri/ be>+ 8 ,cross1 f ! same #bdi ,! ,desc5t to ,hades1 f ! same #bej ,c>icature1 probably ( ,lu!r #bfh ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,coat-(-arms #bga ,8 portrait1 f a cut drawn by himself1 #aebg1 ! ye> prec$+ t ( 8 dea? #bgb ,holy ,family1 f a cut design$ by ,lucas ,crana* #bgg ,samson & ,delilah1 f a cut design$ by ,hans ,burgmair #bgi ,ari/otle & 8 wife1 f a cut design$ by ,hans ,burgmair #bhj ,sir ,!urdank kill+ a be>1 f ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank1 #aeag #bhd ,! puni%m5t ( ,sir ,!urdank's enemies1 f ! same "w #bhe ,a figure on horseback1 f ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian #bid ,ano!r1 f ! same "w #bie ,ditto1 ditto #bif ,ditto1 ditto #big ,ditto1 ditto #bih ,ditto1 ditto #bii ,?ree knights ) bann]s1 f ! same "w #cja ,elephant & ,indians1 f ! same #cjb ,camp foll[]s1 probably design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 f ! same #cjc ,horses & ,c>1 f ! same #cje ,jael & ,sis]a1 f a cut design$ by ,lucas van ,leyd5 #cji ,cut pr9t$ at ,antw]p by ,willem de ,figursnid]1 probably copi$ f a cut design$ by ,urse ,graff #cab ,?ree small cuts f ,sigismund ,fanti's ,triompho di ,=tuna1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice1 #aebg #caf ,=tuna di ,africo1 an emblem ( ! ,s\? w9d1 f ! same "w #caf ,mi*ael ,angelo at "w on a piece ( sculpture1 f ! same #cag ,head ( ,n]o1 f a "w on ,m$als1 pr9t$ at ,/rasburg1 #aebe #cbj ,cut ( ,sa9t ,bridget1 ab\t #aejj1 f ,dr4 ,dibd9's ,bibliomania #cba ,ditto ( h] ,revelations #cbb ,tail-piece-- a full l5g? ( ,maximilian ,i4 ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 f 8 ,triumphs #cbc ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,fur!r ,,progress ,,& ,,decl9e ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+1 #cbd-dde4 ,initial lett] ,t1 f a book pr9t$ at ,p>is by ,rob]t ,/eph5s1 #aecg #cbd ,adam & ,eve eat+ ! =bidd5 fruit1 f a cut design$ by ,hans ,holbe9 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 fir/ pr9t$ at ,lyons 9 #aech #cci ,dea?'s ,coat ( ,arms1 f ! same "w #cdj ,! ,old ,man1 f ! same #cda ,! ,du*ess1 f ! same #cdb ,! ,*ild1 f ! same #cdc ,! ,waggon]1 f ,holbe9's ,dance ( ,dea? #cdd ,*ild ) a %ield & d>t1 f ! same #cde ,*ildr5 ) ! emblems ( a triumph1 f ! same #cdf ,holbe9's ,alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? #ceb ,abraham ab\t to sacrifice ,isaac1 f a cut design$ by ,holbe9 9 8 ,bible-pr9ts1 ,lyons1 #aeci #cfh ,! ,fool1 f ! same "w #cfi ,! %ea? ( a dagg]1 int5d$ z a design = a *as] #cgd ,portrait ( ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt f a cut design$ by ,holbe9 9 ,lel&'s ,nni1 #aedb #cgi ,pray]1 f a cut design$ by ,holbe9 9 ,ar*bi%op ,cranm]'s ,cate*ism1 #aedh #chj ,*ri/ ca/+ out ,devils1 f ano!r cut by ,holbe91 9 ! same "w #cha ,! ,creation1 f ! same "w #chb ,! ,crucifixion1 f ! same #chb ,*ri/'s ,agony1 f ! same #chb ,g5ealogical ,tree1 f an edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 pr9t$ at ,zuri* by ,fros*ov]1 #aeed #chc ,/4 ,luke1 f ,t9dale's ,translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #aecd #chd ,/ ,james1 f ! same #chd ,dea? on ! ,pale ,horse1 f ! same #chd ,ca9 kill+ ,abel1 f ,cov]dale's ,translation ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 #aece #chf ,abraham ab\t to sacrifice ,isaac1 f ! same #chg ,! ,two ,spies1 f ! same #chg ,/4 ,mat!w1 f ! same #chh ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 f ! same #chh ,/4 ,paul writ+1 f ! same #chh ,frontispiece to ,m>col9i's ,sorti1 ,v5ice1 #aedj1 by ,joseph ,porta ,g>fagn9us1 aft] a ,/udy by ,raffaele = ! ,s*ool ( ,a!ns #cij ,punitione1 f ! same "w #cib ,matrimony1 f ! same #cib ,c>ds1 f ! same #cic ,tru? sav$ by ,"t1 f ! same #cic ,! ,lab\r ( ,alcm5a1 f ,dolce's ,trans=mationi1 ,v5ice1 #aeec #cid ,monogram1 f ,palat9o's ,treatise on ,writ+1 ,rome1 #aefa #cif ,hi]oglyphic ,sonnet1 f ! same "w #cif ,portraits ( ,petr>* & ,laura1 f ,petr>*'s ,sonetti1 ,lyons1 #aedg #djj ,adam & ,eve driv5 out ( ,p>adise1 f ,quadr9s ,hi/oriques de la ,bible1 ,lyons1 #aeej-aefj #dja ,*ri/ tempt$ by ,satan1 f ,figures du ,n\veau ,te/am5t1 ,lyons1 #aeec-aegj #djb ,briefmal]1 f a book ( ,trades & ,pr(essions1 ,frank=t1 #aefd-aegd #daj ,=ms*neid]1 f ! same #daa ,! ,goose ,tree1 f ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 ,basle1 #aeej-aeed #dad ,william ,tell ab\t to %oot at ! apple on 8 son's head1 f ! same #daf ,portrait ( ,dr4 ,william ,cun+ham1 f 8 ,cosmographical ,glass1 ,london1 #aeei #dbd ,f\r initial lett]s1 f ! same "w #dbe1 #dbf1 #dbg ,portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 f ! ,books ( ,*ri/ian ,pray]s pr9t$ by ,john ,daye1 #aefi #dbh ,l>ge initial lett]1 f ,fox's ,acts & ,monum5ts1 #aegf #dbi ,initial lett]1 f a "w pr9t$ by ,giolito at ,v5ice1 ab\t #aeej #dcj ,two ,cats1 f an edition ( ,dante1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice1 #aegh #dca ,emblem ( ,wat]1 f a *i>o-scuro by ,h5ry ,goltzius1 ab\t #aeij #dcc ,c>icature ( ! ,laocoon1 aft] a cut design$ by ,titian #dce ,! ,good ,h\sehold]1 f a cut pr9t$ at ,london1 #afjg #dcg ,virg9 & ,*ri/1 f a cut design$ by ,rub5s1 & engrav$ by ,*ri/oph] ,jegh] #dch ,! ,infant ,*ri/ & ,john ! ,bapti/1 f a cut design$ by ,rub5s1 & engrav$ by ,*ri/oph] ,jegh] #dci ,jael & ,sis]a1 f a cut design$ by ,h5ry ,goltzius1 & engrav$ by ,c4 ,van ,si*em #ddj ,tail-piece1 f an old cut on ! title-page ( ! fir/ kn[n edition ( ,rob9 ,hood's ,g>l&1 #afgj #dde ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,revival ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+1 #ddf-edh4 ,initial lett] ,a1 f a ,fr5* book1 #afih #ddf ,fox & ,goat1 f a copp]-plate by ,s4 ,le ,cl]c1 ab\t #afid #dej ,! same subject f ,croxall's sop's ,fables1 #agbb #dej ,! same subject f ,bewick's ,fables1 #ahah-ahbc #dea ,engli% wood-cut ) ! m>k ,f4 ,h41 ,london1 #agbd #dec ,adam nam+ ! animals1 copy ( a cut by ,papillon1 #agcd #dfj ,! ,p$agogue1 f ! ,%ip ( ,fools1 ,pynson1 #aeji #dfh ,! ,poet's ,fall1 f ,two ,odes 9 ridicule ( ,gray & ,mason1 ,london1 #agfj #dgj ,initial lett]s1 ,t4 & ,b41 compos$ by ,j4 ,jackson f tail-pieces 9 ,bewick's ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds #dga ,! h\se 9 :i* ,bewick 0 born1 drawn by ,j4 ,jackson #dgb ,! ,p>sonage at ,ov+ham1 drawn by ,george ,balm] #dgc ,fac-simile ( a diagram engrav$ by ,bewick 9 ,hutton's ,m5suration1 #agfh-aggj #dge ,! ,old ,h\nd1 a fac-simile ( a cut by ,bewick1 #agge #dgf ,orig9al cut ( ! ,old ,h\nd #dgg ,cuts copi$ by ,bewick f ,d] ,weiss ,kunig1 & illu/rations ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses by ,virgilium ,solis #dhc ,boys & ,ass1 aft] ,bewick #dhe ,old ,man & ,horse1 ditto #dhf ,*ild & "y ,horse1 ditto #dhg ,ewe & ,lamb #dhh ,old ,man & "y ,wife1 ditto #dhh ,common ,duck1 ditto #dic ,p>tridge1 ditto #die ,woodcock1 ditto #dif ,! drunk5 ,mill]1 ditto #dii ,! ,sn[ ,man1 ditto #dii ,old ,man & ,cat1 ditto #ejj ,cr[ & ,lamb1 ,bewick's orig9al cut to ! ,fable ( ! ,eagle #ejc ,! ,_w turn$ upside d[n1 aft] ,bewick #ejd ,cuts commemorative ( ! decease ( ,bewick's fa!r & "m1 f 8 ,fables1 #ahah-ahbc #ejf ,bewick's ,work%op1 drawn by ,george ,balm] #ejh ,portrait ( ,bewick #eaj ,view ( ,bewick's ,burial-place #eaa ,fun]al1 ,view ( ,ov+ham ,*ur*1 drawn by ,j4 ,jackson #eab ,! sad ,hi/orian1 f a cut by ,john ,bewick1 9 ,poems by ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell1 #agie #eae ,fac-simile ( a cut by ,john ,bewick1 f ,blossoms ( ,morality #eaf ,copy ( a cut engrav$ by ,c4 ,nesbit1 f a draw+ by ,r4 ,johnson #eah ,view ( a monum5t erect$ to ! memory ( ,r4 ,johnson1 aga9/ ! s\? wall ( ,ov+ham ,*ur* #eah ,copy ( a view ( ,/4 ,ni*olas ,*ur*1 engrav$ by ,c4 ,nesbit1 f a draw+ by ,r4 ,johnson #eai ,copy ( ! cut = ! ,diploma ( ! ,highl& ,society1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell1 f a draw+ by ,b5jam9 ,we/ #ebc ,bird & ,fl[]s1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell1 :5 insane #ebf ,sev5 ,engrav+s by ,william ,h>vey1 f ,dr4 ,h5d]son's ,hi/ory ( ,w9es #ecj ,milton1 design$ by ,w4 ,h>vey1 engrav$ by ,john ,?ompson #eca ,?ree ,illu/rations by ,w4 ,h>vey1 engrav$ by ,s4 ,williams1 ,orr9 ,smi?1 & ,c4 ,gray #ecb ,cut f ! ,*ildr5 9 ! ,wood1 drawn by ,w4 ,h>vey1 & engrav$ by ,j4 ,?ompson #ecc ,cut f ! ,bl9d ,begg> ( ,be?nal ,gre51 drawn by ,w4 ,h>vey1 & engrav$ by ,c4 ,nesbit #ecd ,copy ( a "p ( ! ,cave ( ,despair1 engrav$ by ,r4 ,bran/on1 f a draw+ by ,j4 ,?ur/on #ece ,?ree cuts engrav$ by ,rob]t ,bran/on1 aft] designs by ,?ur/on1 = an edition ( ,select ,fables1 9 rivalry ( ,bewick #ecg ,bird1 engrav$ by ,rob]t ,bran/on #ech ,pi/ill ,ca91 9 ,nor? ,wales1 drawn & engrav$ by ,hugh ,hughes #eci ,moel ,famau1 ditto1 ditto #eci ,wrexham ,*ur*1 ditto1 ditto #edj ,pwll ,c>odoc1 ditto1 ditto #edj ,salmon1 ,gr\p ( ,fi%1 & ,*ub1 engrav$ by ,john ,?ompson #eda ,pike1 by ,rob]t ,bran/on #edb ,eel1 by ,h4 ,:ite #edb ,illu/ration f ,hudibras1 engrav$ by ,john ,?ompson #edc ,hog>?'s ,rake's ,progress1 engrav$ by ,john ,?ompson #edd ,! ,temptation1 engrav$ by ,john ,jackson1 aft] ,john ,m>t9 #ede ,! ,judgm5t ( ,adam & ,eve1 engrav$ by ,f4 ,w4 ,bran/on1 aft] ditto #ede ,! ,assuag+ ( ! ,wat]s1 engrav$ by ,e4 ,l&ells1 aft] ditto #edf ,! ,deluge1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,p[is1 aft] ditto #edf ,! ,t[] ( ,babel engrav$ by ,?omas ,williams1 aft] ditto #edg ,! ,angel ann\nc+ ! ,nativity1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,t4 ,gre51 aft] ditto #edg ,tail piece-- ,vignette1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,t4 ,gre51 aft] ,w4 ,h>vey #edh ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,arti/s ,,& ,,engrav]s ,,on ,,wood ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day1 #edi-efj4 ,! ,si]ra ,mor5a1 engrav$ by ,james ,coop]1 aft] ,p]cival ,skelton #eej ,! ,banks ! ,ni?1 engrav$ by ditto1 aft] ,birket ,fo/] #eea ,! ,twa ,dogs1 engrav$ by ditto1 aft] ,h>rison ,weir #eea ,to ,auld ,m>e ,maggie1 engrav$ by ditto1 aft] ditto #eeb ,! ,poetry ( ,nature1 engrav$ by ,j4 ,gre5away1 aft] ,h>rison ,weir #eec ,f ,bloomfield's ,f>m]'s ,boy1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,wright1 aft] ditto #eed ,f ,campbell's ,pleasures ( ,hope1 engrav$ by ,j4 ,gre5away1 aft] ditto #eed ,f ! same1 by ! same #eee ,wild ,fl[]s1 engrav$ by ,e4 ,evans1 aft] ,birket ,fo/] #eef ,f ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,j4 ,palm]1 aft] ,birket ,fo/] #eeg ,f ,longfell['s ,evangel9e1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,vizetelly1 aft] ditto #eeh ,f ,moore's ,lalla ,rookh1 engrav$ by ,dalziel1 aft] ,john ,t5niel #eei ,dea? ( ,s=za1 f ,b>ry ,cornwall1 engrav$ by ,dalziel1 aft] ditto #efj ,s=za1 ditto1 ditto #efj ,antony & ,cleopatra1 engrav$ by ,dalziel ,bro!rs1 aft] ,john ,gilb]t #efa99 ,! ,flor5t9e ,p>ty1 f ,b>ry ,cornwall1 engrav$ by ,dalziel ,bro!rs1 aft] ,?omas ,dalziel #efb99 ,pr9ce ,ar?ur & ,hub]t de ,b\rg1 engrav$ by ,kir*n]1 aft] ,john ,gilb]t #efc99 ,f ,maxwell's ,life ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 design$ by ,john ,gilb]t #efc99 ,! ,demon ,lov]1 design$ by ,john ,gilb]t1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,a4 ,folk>d #efd99 ,f ,longfell['s ,hiawa?a1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,l4 ,?omas1 aft] ,g4 ,h4 ,?omas #efe99 ,f ! same1 engrav$ by ,horace ,h>ral1 aft] ,g4 ,h4 ,?omas #eff99 ,f ! same1 engrav$ by ,dalziel ,bro!rs1 aft] ditto #eff99 ,john ,&]son my ,jo1 f ,burns' ,poems1 engrav$ by ,e4 ,evans1 aft] ditto #efg99 ,vignette f ,hiawa?a1 engrav$ by ,e4 ,evans1 aft] ditto #efg99 ,f ,t5nyson's ,pr9cess1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,?omas1 aft] ,d4 ,maclise #efh99 ,f ,brg]'s ,leonora1 engrav$ by ,j4 ,?ompson1 aft] ,maclise #efi99 ,f ,*ilde ,h>old1 engrav$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,:imp]1 aft] ,p]cival ,skelton #efi99 ,f ,m>ryat's ,poor ,jack1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,vizetelly1 aft] ,cl>kson ,/anfield #egj99 ,*ri/mas 9 ! old5 "t1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,vizetelly1 aft] ,birket ,fo/] #ega99 ,two illu/rations f ,?omson's ,seasons1 design$ & engrav$ by ,sam ,williams4 #egb99 ,eagles1 ,/ags1 & ,wolves1 engrav$ by ,george ,pe>son1 aft] ,john ,wolf #egc99 ,h>e ,hawk+1 engrav$ by ,george ,pe>son1 aft] ,john ,wolf #egd99 ,falls ( ,niag>a1 engrav$ by ,george ,pe>son #egd99 ,f ,s&=d & ,m]ton1 engrav$ by ,measom1 aft] ,h4 ,anelay #ege99 ,f ,longfell['s ,miles ,/&i%1 engrav$ by ,?omas ,bolton1 aft] ,john ,absolon #egf99 ,flaxman's #8,deliv] u f ,evil1' a specim5 ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,bolton's new process ( photograph+ on wood #egg99 ,f ,montalva's ,fairy ,tales1 engrav$ by ,john ,swa91 aft] ,r4 ,doyle #egh99 ,f #8,br[n1 ,jones1 & ,rob9son1' engrav$ by ,john ,swa91 aft] ,doyle #egi99 ,f ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 engrav$ by ,orr9 ,smi?1 aft] ,john ,lee* #ehj99 ,f ,mr4 ,lee*'s ,t\r 9 ,irel&1 engrav$ by ,john ,swa91 aft] ,john ,lee* #eha99 ,f #8,moral ,emblems ( all ,ages1' engrav$ by ,h4 ,leighton1 aft] ,john ,leighton #ehb99 ,two subjects f ! ,illu/rat$ ,s\!y's ,life ( ,nelson1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,h>ral1 aft] ,e4 ,duncan #ehc99 ,nor? por* ( ,/4 ,m>ia ,maggiore1 drawn & engrav$ by ,orl&o ,jewitt #ehd99 ,%r9e 9 ,bayeux ,ca!dral1 by ,orl&o ,jewitt #ehe99 ,he>se ( ,m>g>et ,c\ntess ( ,w>wick & o!r specim5s f ,regius ,gloss>y ( ,ecclesia/ical ,ornam5t1 by ,orl&o ,jewitt #ehf99 ,brick ,trac]y1 ,/4 ,/eph5's ,*ur*1 ,tang]munde1 ,prussia1 by ditto #ehg99 ,! ,nut ,br[n ,maid1 engrav$ by ,j4 ,williams1 aft] ,t4 ,creswick #ehh99 ,vignette f ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ ,edition ( ,walton's ,angl]1 by ,m4 ,jackson1 aft] ,t4 ,creswick #ehi99 ,paul prea*+ at ,a!ns1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton1 aft] ,john ,m>t9 #eij99 ,vignette f ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads1 engrav$ by ditto1 aft] ,r4 ,mc,ian #eij99 ,f ,milton's ,l',allegro1 engrav$ by ditto1 aft] ,/oneh\se #eia99 ,f ! same1 engrav$ by ditto1 aft] ,j4 ,c4 ,horsley #eia99 ,anci5t ,gambols1 drawn & engrav$ by ,f4 ,w4 ,fairholt #eib99 ,vignette f ! ,illu/rat$ ,edition ( ,rob9 ,hood1 by ditto #eib99 ,two illu/rations f ,dr4 ,mantell's ,works1 engrav$ by ,james ,lee1 aft] ,joseph ,d9kel #eic99 ,f ,col]idge's ,anci5t ,m>9]1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,h>ral1 aft] ,e4 ,h4 ,wehn]t #eid99 ,?ree illu/rations drawn & engrav$ by ,george ,cruik%ank1 f #8,?ree ,c\rses & a ,dess]t' #eie99 ,two illu/rations by ditto f ! ,univ]sal ,song/] #eif99 ,?ree illu/rations f ! ,pictorial ,gramm>1 by ,cr[quill #eig99 ,vignette f ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads by ,k5ny ,mead[s #eig99 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+1 #efa-feb4 ,initial lett] ,p1 %[+ a wood engrav] at "w1 ) 8 lamp & globe1 drawn by ,r4 ,w4 ,buss #efa ,diagram1 %[+ a block w>p$ #eff ,cut %[+ ! appe>ance ( a plug-hole 9 ! engrav+1 drawn by ,j4 ,jackson #egj ,diagrams illu/rative ( ! mode ( repair+ a block by plugg+ #egj ,cut %[+ a plug re-engrav$ #ega ,diagram %[+ ! mode ( pull+ ! /r+ ov] ! corn] ( ! block #egb ,! %ade = ! eyes1 & scre5 = ! m\? & nose #egd ,engrav]'s lamp1 glass1 globe1 & s&-bag #ege ,grav] #egf ,diagram ( grav]s #egf ,diagrams ( t9t-tools1 c4 #egg ,diagrams ( g\ges1 *isels1 c4 #egh ,grav]s #egi ,cuts %[+ ! mann] ( hold+ ! grav] #egi1 #ehj ,examples ( t9ts #eha1 #ehb1 #ehc1 #ehd ,examples ( curv$ l9es & t9ts #ehe1 #ehf ,cuts illu/rative ( ! mode ( cutt+ a :ite outl9e #ehh ,outl9e engrav+ previ\s to its be+ block$ out-- ! monum5t to ! memory ( two *ildr5 9 ,li*field ,ca!dral by ,sir ,f4 ,*antrey #ehi ,! same subject f9i%$ #eij ,outl9e engrav+1 aft] a design by ,flaxman = a snuff-box = ,george ,,iv4 #eij ,cut aft] a p5-&-ink sket* by ,sir ,david ,wilkie = 8 picture ( ! ,rabbit on ! ,wall #eia ,figures f a sket* by ,george ,morl& #eib ,gr\p f ,sir ,david ,wilkie's ,r5t ,day #eic ,figure ( a boy f ,hog>?'s ,noon1 "o ( ! engrav+s ( 8 ,f\r ,p>ts ( ! ,day #eid ,a ,hog1 aft] an et*+ by ,rembr&t #eie ,dray-horse1 drawn by ,james ,w>d1 ,r4,a4 #eif ,jacob bless+ ! ,*ildr5 ( ,joseph1 aft] ,rembr&t #eig ,two cuts-- ,view ( a ,road-side ,inn-- %[+ ! advantage ( cutt+ ! t9t be=e ! o!r p>ts ( a subject are engrav$ #eih ,head1 f an et*+ by ,rembr&t #eii ,impression f a ca/ ( "p ( ! ,dea? ( ,d5tatus1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,h>vey #fja ,*ri/ & ! ,woman at ! ,well1 f an et*+ by ,rembr&t #fjb ,! ,flight into ,egypt1 f an et*+ by ,rembr&t #fje ,sea-piece1 drawn by ,george ,balm] #fjf ,sea-piece1 moonlight1 drawn by ,george ,balm] #fjf ,l&scape1 ev5+1 drawn by ,george ,balm] #fjg ,impression f a ca/ ( "p ( ! ,dea? ( ,d5tatus1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,h>vey #fji ,view ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 drawn by ,william ,prior #faa ,map ( ,engl& & ,wales1 ) ! "p ( ! names engrav$ on wood1 & "p ins]t$ 9 type #fab ,gr\p f ,sir ,david ,wilkie's ,village ,fe/ival #fad ,natural ,vignette1 & an old ornam5t$ capital f a manuscript ( ! ?irte5? c5tury #faf ,specim5s ( ornam5tal capitals1 *iefly tak5 f ,%aw's ,alphabets #fag ,impressions f a surface ) ! figures 9 relief-- subject1 ! ,cr[n-piece ( ,george ,,iv4 #fah ,impressions f a surface ) ! figures 9 intaglio-- same subject #fai ,%eph]d's ,dog1 drawn by ,w4 ,h>vey #fbj ,egret1 drawn by ,w4 ,h>vey #fba ,w9t]-piece1 ) an ass & h] foal1 drawn by ,j4 ,jackson #fbb ,salmon-,tr\t1 ) a view ( ,bywell-,lock1 drawn by ,j4 ,jackson #fbc ,boy & ,pony1 drawn by ,j4 ,jackson #fbd ,heif]1 drawn by ,w4 ,h>vey #fbd ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 aft] an et*+ by ,rembr&t-- impression :5 ! block is m]ely l[]$ previ\s to engrav+ ! subject #fbf ,desc5t f ! ,cross-- impression f ! f9i%$ cut #fbg ,copies ( an anci5t bu/ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum-- ,no4 #a pr9t$ f a wood-cut1 & ,no4 #b f a ca/ #fcg ,block r$uc$ f a ,li?ograph by ! new ,electro-pr9t+ ,block process #fci ,horse & ,ass1 drawn by ,j4 ,jackson-- improp]ly pr9t$ #fda ,same subject1 prop]ly pr9t$ #fdb ,l&scape1 drawn by ,george ,balm]-- improp]ly pr9t$ #fdd ,same subject1 prop]ly pr9t$ #fdd ,tail-piece1 drawn by ,c4 ,jacques #feb ,,on ,,wood ,,engrav+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,antiquity ,,( ,,engrav+4 ,engrav+ -- ,! ,^w ,expla9$ -- ,! ,art ,def9$ -- ,di/9ction ,betwe5 ,engrav+ on ,copp] & on ,wood -- ,e>ly ,practice ( ! ,art ( ,impress+ ,*>act]s by ,means ( ,/amps ,in/anc$ 9 ,babylonian ,bricks2 ,fragm5ts ( ,egyptian & ,etruscan ,e>!nw>e2 ,roman ,lamps1 ,tiles1 & ,amphor -- ,! ,caut]ium or ,br& -- ,pr9ciple ( ,/5cill+ ,kn[n to ! ,romans -- ,royal ,signatures ?us ,affix$ -- ,practice ( ,/amp+ ,monograms on ,docum5ts 9 ! ,middle ,ages -- ,not>ial ,/amps -- ,m]*ants'-,m>ks -- ,co9s1 ,seals1 & ,sepul*ral ,brasses -- ,exam9ation ( ,mr4 ,ottley's ,op9ions ,conc]n+ ! ,orig9 ( ! ,art ( ,wood ,engrav+ 9 ,europe1 & its ,e>ly ,practice by ,two ,wond]ful ,*ildr51 ! ,cunio4 ,z few p]sons "k1 ev5 among/ ^? :o pr(ess to be admir]s ( ! art ( ,wood ,engrav+1 by :at means its effects1 z se5 9 books & s+le impressions1 are produc$1 & z a yet small] numb] und]/& 9 :at mann] x specifically diff]s 9 its proc$ure f ! art ( engrav+ on copp] or /eel1 x appe>s necess>y1 be=e ent]+ into any hi/oric detail ( its progress1 to premise a few obs]vations explanatory ( ! ^w ,,engrav+ 9 its g5]al acceptation1 & m p>ticul>ly descriptive ( t bran* ( ! art :i* sev]al p]sons call ,xylography2 b :i* is z cle>ly express$1 & mu* m g5]ally und]/ood1 by ! t]m ,,wood ,,engrav+4 ,! prim>y mean+ ( ! v]b 8to engrave0 is def9$ by ,dr4 ,johnson1 8to picture by incisions 9 any matt]20 & he d]ives x f ! ,fr5* 8engrav]40 ,! great lexicograph] is n1 h[ev]1 q correct 9 8 d]ivation2 = ! ,fr5* d n use ! v]b 8engrav]0 9 ! s5se ( 8to engrave10 b to signify a %ip or a boat be+ emb$d$ 9 s& or mud s t %e _c float4 ,! ,fr5* synonym ( ! ,engli% v]b 8to engrave10 is 8grav]20 & its root is to be f\nd 9 ! ,greek 7grapho1 ,i cut71 :i*1 ) its comp\nd 1 accord+ to ,m>torelli1 z cit$ by ,von ,murr1,i-#a is always us$ by ,hom] to express cutt+1 incision1 or w\nd+2 b nev] to express writ+ by ! sup]ficial trac+ ( *>act]s ) a re$ or p54 ,f ! circum/ance ( laws1 9 ! e>ly ages ( ,grecian hi/ory1 be+ cut or engrav$ on wood1 ! ^w came to be us$ 9 ! s5se (1 8,i sanction1 or ,i pass a law20 & :51 9 ! progress ( society & ! improvem5t ( art1 lett]s1 in/ead ( be+ cut on wood1 7 ind5t$ by means ( a skew]-%ap$ in/rum5t 7/ylus7 on wax spread on tablets ( wood or ivory1 or writt5 by means ( a p5 or re$ on papyrus or on p>*m5t1 ! ^w 1 :i* 9 its primitive mean+ signifi$ 8to cut10 became expressive ( writ+ g5]ally4 ,footnote ,i-#a3 ,c4 ,g4 ,von ,murr1 9 8 ,j\rnal zur ,kun/ges*i*te1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #bec1 ref]r+ to ,m>torelli1 ,de ,regia ,!ca ,calam>ia4 ,f is d]iv$ ! ,lat9 scribo1,i-#b 8,i write20 & x is wor?y ( obs]vation1 t 8to scrive10--mo/ probably f scribo1--signifies1 9 our own language1 to cut num]als or o!r *>act]s on timb] ) a tool call$ a scrive3 ! ^w ?us pass+1 z x 71 ?r\gh a circle ( v>i\s mean+s & 9 diff]5t languages1 & at la/ return+ to its orig9al signification4 ,footnote ,i-#b3 ,if ?is etymology be correct1 ! ,engli% ,scriv5] & ,fr5* ,greffi] may be relat$ by desc5t z well z pr(essionally2 bo? words be+ ?us ref]able to ! same orig91 ! ,greek 4 ,! mod]n ,writ] 9 ! ,scotti% c\rts ( law p]=ms ! duties bo? ( ,scriv5] & ,greffi]1 ) ^: "n 8 own is synonym\s4 ,"u ! g5]al t]m ,,sculpture--! root ( :i* is to be f\nd 9 ! ,lat9 v]b sculpo1 8,i cut0--h be5 class$ copp]-plate engrav+1 wood engrav+1 gem engrav+1 & c>v+1 z well z ! art ( ! /atu>y or figure-cutt] 9 m>ble1 to :i* art ! ^w sculpture is n[ m /rictly appli$1 ea* ( ^? arts requir+ 9 its process ! act ( cutt+ ( "o k9d or o!r4 ,9 ! ,g]man language1 :i* seldom borr[s its t]ms ( art f o!r languages1 ! v>i\s modes ( cutt+ 9 sculpture1 9 copp]-plate engrav+1 & 9 engrav+ on wood1 are indicat$ 9 ! "n expressive ( ! op]ator or arti/4 ,! sculptor is nam$ a ,bildhau]1 f ,bild1 a /atue1 & hau51 to hew1 indicat+ ! op]ation ( cutt+ ) a mallet & *isel2 ! copp]-plate engrav] is call$ a ,kupf]-/e*]1 f ,kupf]1 copp]1 & /e*51 to dig or cut ) ! po9t2 & ! wood engrav] is a ,holzs*neid]1 f ,holz1 wood1 & s*neid51 to cut ) ! edge4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 t ?\gh bo? ! copp]-plate engrav] & ! wood engrav] may be said to cut 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 z well z ! sculptor & ! c>v]1 !y h to execute _! "w rev]s$1--t is1 contr>y to ! mann] 9 :i* impressions f _! plates or blocks are se52 & t 9 copy+ a pa9t+ or a draw+1 x requires to be rev]sely transf]r$1--a disadvantage "u :i* ! sculptor & ! c>v] d n lab\r1 z !y copy _! models or subjects direct4 ,,engrav+1 z ! ^w is at ! pres5t "t popul>ly us$1 & consid]$ 9 its relation to ! pictorial art1 may be def9$ to be--8,! art ( repres5t+ objects on metallic sub/ances1 or on wood1 express$ by l9es & po9ts produc$ by means ( corrosion1 incision1 or excision1 = ! purpose ( _! be+ impress$ on pap] by means ( ink or o!r col\r+ matt]40 ,! impressions obta9$ f engrav$ plates ( metal or f blocks ( wood are commonly call$ engrav+s1 & sometimes pr9ts4 ,=m]ly ! ^w cuts,i-#c 0 appli$ indiscrim9ately to impressions1 ei!r f metal or wood2 b at pres5t x is m /rictly conf9$ to ! productions ( ! wood engrav]4 ,impressions f copp]-plates only are prop]ly call$ plates2 ?\gh x is n unusual = p]sons :o pr(ess to review productions ( art1 to speak ( a book conta9+1 p]haps1 a numb] ( indiff]5t woodcuts1 z 8a "w embelli%$ ) a pr(usion ( ! mo/ *>m+ plates on wood20 ?us af=d+ to e "o :o is 9 ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) ! art at once a specim5 ( _! ta/e & _! k4 ,footnote ,i-#c3 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury we f9d books 8adorn$ ) sculptures by a curi\s h&20 ab\t #agcj we f9d !m 8ornam5t$ ) cuts20 at pres5t !y are 8illu/rat$ ) engrav+s40 ,indep5d5t ( ! diff]5ce ( ! mat]ial on :i* copp]-plate engrav+ & wood engrav+ are execut$1 ! gr& di/9ction betwe5 ! two arts is1 t ! engrav] on copp] corrodes by means ( aqua-=tis1 or cuts out ) ! bur9 or dry-po9t1 ! l9es1 /ippl+s1 & hat*+s f :i* 8 impression is to be produc$2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 ! wood engrav] effects 8 purpose by cutt+ away ^? p>ts :i* are to appe> :ite or col\rless1 ?us leav+ ! l9es :i* produce ! impression prom95t4 ,9 pr9t+ f a copp] or /eel plate1 :i* is previ\sly w>m$ by be+ plac$ above a *>coal fire1 ! ink or col\r+ matt] is rubb$ into ! l9es or incisions by means ( a k9d ( ball =m$ ( wooll5 clo?2 & :5 ! l9es are ?us suffici5tly *>g$ ) ink1 ! surface ( ! plate is fir/ wip$ ) a piece ( rag1 & is !n fur!r clean$ & smoo!d by ! fle%y "p ( ! palm ( ! h&1 slightly t\*$ ) :it5+1 be+ once or twice pass$ r quickly & lightly ov] x4 ,! plate ?us prep>$ is cov]$ ) ! pap] int5d$ to receive ! engrav+1 & is subject$ to ! action ( ! roll+ or copp]-plate pr9t]'s press2 & ! impression is obta9$ by ! pap] be+ press$ into ! ink$ incisions4 ,z ! l9es ( an engrav$ block ( wood are prom95t or 9 relief1 :ile ^? ( a copp]-plate are1 z has be5 previ\sly expla9$1 intagliate or holl[$1 ! mode ( tak+ an impression f ! =m] is precisely ! rev]se ( t :i* has j be5 describ$4 ,! usual mode ( tak+ impressions f an engrav$ block ( wood is by means ( ! pr9t+-press1 ei!r f ! block sep>ately1 or w$g$ up 9 a *ase ) types4 ,! block is ink$ by be+ beat ) a roll] on ! surface1 9 ! same mann] z type2 & ! pap] be+ turn$ ov] ^u x f ! tympan1 x is !n run 9 "u ! plat52 :i* be+ act$ on by ! lev]1 presses ! pap] on to ! rais$ l9es ( ! block1 & ?us produces ! impression4 ,impressions f wood are ?us obta9$ by ! on-pression ( ! pap] aga9/ ! rais$ or prom95t l9es2 :ile impressions f copp]-plates are obta9$ by ! 9-pression ( ! pap] into holl[$ ones4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is diff]5ce 9 ! process1 ! ink$ l9es impress$ on pap] f a copp]-plate appe> prom95t :5 view$ direct2 :ile ! l9es communicat$ f an engrav$ wood-block are ind5t$ 9 ! front ( ! impression1 & appe> rais$ at ! back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pr9t$ ,,f ,a ,,wood-,,block4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pr9t$ ,,f ,a ,,copp]-,,plate4 ,! above impressions--! "o f a wood-block1 & ! o!r f an et*$ copp]-plate--w p]haps r5d] :at has be5 already said1 explanatory ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 copp]-plate pr9t+ f holl[$ l9es1 & surface pr9t+ by means ( ! common press f prom95t l9es1 /ill m intelligible4 ,! subject is a repres5tation ( ! copp]-plate or roll+ press4 ,bo? ! prec$+ impressions are produc$ 9 ! same mann] by means ( ! common pr9t+-press4 ,"o is f wood2 ! o!r1 :]e ! :ite l9es are se5 on a black gr\nd1 is f copp]2--! holl[$ l9es1 :i* 9 copp]-plate pr9t+ yield ! impression1 receiv+ no ink f ! pr9t]'s balls or roll]s2 :ile ! surface1 :i* 9 copp]-plate pr9t+ is wip$ clean aft] ! l9es are fill$ ) ink1 is p]fectly cov]$ ) x4 ,x is1 !re=e1 evid5t1 t if ?is et*+ 7 pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] z o!r copp]-plates1 ! impression w\ld be a fac-simile ( ! "o f wood4 ,x has be5 judg$ necess>y to be ?us m9ute 9 expla9+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 copp]-plate & wood engrav+1 z ! diff]5ce 9 ! mode ( obta9+ impressions does n appe> to h be5 previ\sly po9t$ out ) suffici5t precision4 ,z x does n come )9 ! scope ( ! pres5t "w to inquire into ! orig9 ( sculpture g5]ally1 ,i %all n "h v5ture to give an op9ion :e!r ! art 0 inv5t$ by ,,adam or 8 good angel ,,raziel1 or :e!r x 0 introduc$ at a subsequ5t p]iod by ,,tubal-,,ca91 ,,noah1 ,,trismegi/us1 ,,zoroa/]1 or ,,moses4 ,^? :o feel int]e/$ 9 su* remote speculations w f9d ! 8au?orities0 9 ! second *apt] ( ,evelyn's 8,sculptura40 ,)\t1 !re=e1 inquir+ :5 or by :om ! art ( engrav+ = ! purpose ( produc+ impressions 0 inv5t$1 ,i %all endeav\r to %[ t su* an art1 h[ev] rude1 0 kn[n at a v e>ly p]iod2 & t x cont9u$ to be practis$ 9 ,europe1 ?\gh to a v limit$ ext5t1 f an age ant]ior to ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 to ! ye> #adjj4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 its pr9ciples appe> to h be5 m g5]ally appli$2--fir/1 to ! simple cutt+ ( figures on wood = ! purpose ( be+ impress$ on pap]2 next1 to cutt+ figures & explanatory text on ! same block1 & !n entire pages ( text )\t figures1 till ! 8,,ars ,,graphica ,,et ,,impressoria0 atta9$ its p]fection 9 ! discov]y ( ,,pr9t+ by means ( movable fusile types4,i-#d ,footnote ,i-#d3 ,a/le on ! ,orig9 & ,progress ( ,writ+1 p4 #bae1 #bnd edit4 ,at a v e>ly p]iod /amps ( wood1 hav+ hi]oglyphic *>act]s engrav$ on !m1 7 us$ 9 ,egypt = ! purpose ( produc+ impressions on bricks1 & on o!r articles made ( clay4 ,?is fact1 :i* might h be5 inf]r$ f ! anci5t bricks & fragm5ts ( e>!nw>e conta9+ *>act]s evid5tly communicat$ by means ( a /amp1 has be5 e/abli%$ by ! discov]y ( sev]al ( ^? wood5 /amps1 ( und\bt$ antiquity1 9 ! tombs at ,!bes1 ,m]oe1 & o!r places4 ,! foll[+ cuts repres5t ! face & ! back ( "o ( ! mo/ p]fect ( ^? /amps1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 a tomb at ,!bes1 & has rec5tly be5 br\ght to ?is c\ntry by ,edw>d ,william ,lane1 ,esq4,i-#e ,footnote ,i-#e3 ,au?or ( 8,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,mod]n ,egyptians1 writt5 9 ,egypt dur+ ! ye>s #ahcc1 '#cd1 & '#ce40 ,illu/ration ,! orig9al /amp is made ( ! same k9d ( wood z ! mummy *e/s1 & has an ar*$ h&le at ! back1 cut out ( ! same piece ( wood z ! face4 ,x is ( an oblong figure1 ) ! ends r\nd$ (f2 five in*es long1 two in*es & a qu>t] broad1 & half an in* ?ick4 ,! hi]oglyphic *>act]s on its face are rudely cut 9 intaglio1 s t _! impression on clay w\ld be 9 relief2 & if pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] z ! prec$+ copy1 w\ld pres5t ! same appe>ance1--t is1 ! *>act]s :i* are cut into ! wood1 w\ld appe> :ite on a black gr\nd4 ,! phonetic p[] ( ! hi]oglyphics on ! face ( ! /amp may be repres5t$ respectively by ! lett]s1 ,a1 ,m1 ,n1 ,f1 ,t1 ,p1 ,t1 ,h1 ,m2 & ! v[els be+ suppli$1 z 9 read+ ,hebrew )\t po9ts1 we h ! words1 8,amonophtep1 ,?mei-mai10--8,amonoph1 belov$ ( tru?40,i-#f ,! "n is suppos$ to be t ( ,amonoph or ,am5oph ! ,fir/1 ! second k+ ( ! eighte5? dyna/y1 :o1 accord+ to ! be/ au?orities1 0 contempor>y ) ,moses1 & reign$ 9 ,egypt previ\s to ! dep>ture ( ! ,israelites4 ,!re are two anci5t ,egyptian bricks 9 ! ,briti% ,museum on :i* ! impression ( a simil> /amp is q di/9ct2 & !re are also sev]al articles ( burnt clay1 ( an elongat$ conical figure1 & ab\t n9e in*es long1 :i* h _! broad] extremities impress$ ) hi]oglyphics 9 a simil> mann]4 ,!re is also 9 ! same collection a wood5 /amp1 ( a l>g] size ?an t belong+ to ,mr4 ,lane1 b n 9 s p]fect a condition4 ,sev]al anci5t ,etruscan t]ra-cottas & fragm5ts ( e>!nw>e h be5 discov]$1 on :i* !re are alphabetic *>act]s1 evid5tly impress$ f a /amp1 :i* 0 probably ( wood4 ,9 ! "t ( ,pl9y t]ra-cottas ?us impress$ 7 call$ ,typi4 ,footnote ,i-#f3 ,on a mummy 9 ! royal collection at ,p>is1 ! six fir/ *>act]s ( ?is /amp occur4 ,*ampollion reads !m1 8,am5(tep10 or 8,amonaftep40 ,he supposes ! "n to be t ( ,amonoph ! ,fir/2 & says t x signifies 8appr\v p> ,ammon40--,prcis du ,sy/me ,hiroglyphique4 ,plan*es et ,explication1 p4 #bj1 ,no4 #afa4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum are sev]al bricks :i* h be5 f\nd on ! site ( anci5t ,babylon4 ,!y are l>g] ?an our bricks1 & some:at diff]5t 9 =m1 be+ ab\t twelve in*es squ>e & ?ree in*es ?ick4 ,!y appe> to h be5 made ( a k9d ( muddy clay ) :i* portions ( *opp$ /raw h be5 mix$ to cause x to b9d2 & _! g5]al appe>ance & col\r1 :i* is l t ( a common brick be=e x is burnt1 pla9ly en\gh indicate t !y h n be5 h>d5$ by fire1 b by exposure to ! sun4 ,ab\t ! middle ( _! broade/ surface1 !y are impress$ ) c]ta9 *>act]s :i* h evid5tly be5 ind5t$ :5 ! brick 0 9 a s(t /ate4 ,! *>act]s are ind5t$1--t is1 !y are su* z w\ld be produc$ by press+ a wood-block ) rais$ l9es ^u a mass ( s(t clay2 & 7 su* a block pr9t$ on pap] 9 ! usual mann] ( wood-cuts1 ! impression w\ld be simil> to ! prec$+ "o1 :i* has be5 copi$1 on a r$uc$ scale1 f "o ( ! bricks above notic$4 ,! *>act]s h be5 v>i\sly describ$ z cunei=m or w$ge-%ap$1 arr[-head$1 javel9-head$1 or nail-head$2 b _! mean+ has n hi!rto be5 deciph]$4 ,amphor1 lamps1 tiles1 & v>i\s dome/ic ut5sils1 =m$ ( clay1 & ( ,roman workman%ip1 are f\nd impress$ ) lett]s1 :i* 9 "s cases are suppos$ to d5ote ! pott]'s "n1 & 9 o!rs ! cont5ts ( ! vessel1 or ! "n ( ! own]4 ,on ! tiles1--( :i* !re are specim5s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1--! lett]s are commonly inscrib$ 9 a circle1 & appe> rais$2 ?us %[+ t ! /amp _h be5 holl[$1 or engrav$ 9 intaglio1 9 a mann] simil> to a wood5 butt]-pr9t4 ,9 a book entitl$ 8lia ,llia ,crispis non nata resurg5s10 by ,c4 ,c4 ,malvasia1 #dto4 ,bologna1 #afhc1 are sev]al engrav+s on wood ( su* tiles1 f\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,rome1 & communicat$ to ! au?or by ,fabretti1 :o1 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( 8 own "w1,i-#g has giv5 "s acc\nt ( ! 8figl9>um signa10--! /amps ( ! anci5t pott]s & tile-mak]s4 ,footnote ,i-#g3 ,inscriptionum ,explicatio1 fol4 ,rom1 #afii4 ,! /amp f :i* ! foll[+ cut has be5 copi$ is pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x is ( brass1 & ! lett]s are 9 relief & rev]s$2 s t if x 7 ink$ f a pr9t]'s ball & /amp$ on pap]1 an impression w\ld be produc$ precisely ! same z t :i* is "h giv54 ,illu/ration3 ,,l> ,x w\ld be difficult n[ to asc]ta9 :y ?is /amp %\ld be m>k$ ) ! ^w ,,l>1 :i* signifies a h\sehold god1 or ! image ( ! suppos$ tutel>y g5ius ( a h\se2 b1 )\t mu* /ret* ( imag9ation1 we may easily conceive h[ appropriate su* an inscription w\ld be impress$ on an amphora or l>ge w9e-vessel1 seal$ & set ap>t on ! bir? ( an heir1 & to be kept sacr$--inviolate z ! h\sehold gods--till ! "y ,roman assum$ ! 8toga virilis10 or arriv$ at ye>s ( maturity4 ,t vessels conta9+ w9e 7 kept = _m ye>s1 we le>n f ,horace & ,petronius2,i-#h ,footnote ,i-#h3 8,o nata mecum consule ,manlio60 says ,horace1 address+ an amphora ( w9e z old z himself2 & ,petronius m5tions "s *oice ,fal]nian :i* _h atta9$ ! ripe age ( a hundr$3 8,/atim allat sunt amphor vitre dilig5t] gypsat1 qu>um 9 c]vicibus pittacia erant affixa1 cum hoc titulo3 ,fal]num ,opimianum annorum c5tum40 ,pittacia 7 small labels--s*$ul breves--atta*$ to ! necks ( w9e-vessels1 & on :i* 7 m>k$ ! "n & age ( ! w9e4 ----,prome reconditum1 ,lyde1 /r5ua1 ,ccubum1 ,munitque adhibe vim sapi5ti4 ,incl9>e m]idiem ,s5tis3 ac veluti /et volucris dies1 ,p>cis d]ip]e horreo ,cessantem ,bibuli ,consulis amphoram4 ,c>m94 lib4 ,,iii4 xxviii4 8,quickly produce1 ,lyde1 ! ho>d$ ,ccuban1 & make an attack ^u wisdom1 ev] on h] gu>d4 ,y p]ceive ! noontide is on its decl9e2 & yet1 z if ! fleet+ day /ood /ill1 y delay to br+ out ( ! /ore-h\se ! loit]+ cask1 7t be>s its date7 f ! ,consul ,bibulus40--,sm>t's ,translation4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 9 8 8,inquiry into ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+10 pages #eg & #eh1 makes a di/9ction betwe5 impression :]e ! *>act]s impress$ are produc$ by 8a *ange ( =m0--mean+ :]e !y are ei!r ind5t$ 9 ! sub/ance impress$1 or rais$ ^u x 9 relief--& impression :]e ! *>act]s are produc$ by col\r2 & requires evid5ce t ! anci5ts ev] us$ /amps 8*>g$ ) ink or "s o!r t9t1 = ! purpose ( /amp+ pap]1 p>*m5t1 or o!r sub/ances1 little or n at all capable ( ind5tation40 ,x c]ta9ly w\ld be v difficult1 if n impossible1 to produce a piece ( pap]1 p>*m5t1 or clo? ( ! age ( ! ,romans impress$ ) lett]s 9 ink or o!r col\r+ matt]2 b ! exi/5ce ( su* /amps z ! prec$+1--& !re are o!rs 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ( ! same k9d1 conta9+ m lett]s & ( a small] size1--r5d]s x v probable t !y 7 us$ = ! purpose ( m>k+ clo?1 pap]1 & simil> sub/ances1 ) ink1 z well z = be+ impress$ 9 wax or clay4 ,von ,murr1 9 an article 9 8 ,j\rnal1 on ! ,art ( ,wood ,engrav+1 gives a copy f a simil> bronze /amp1 9 ,praun's ,museum1 ) ! inscription 8,,galliani10 :i* he consid]s z mo/ di/9ctly prov+ t ! ,romans _h ne>ly arriv$ at ! arts ( wood engrav+ & book pr9t+4 ,he adds3 8,lett]s cut on wood !y c]ta9ly _h1 & v likely grotesques & figures also1 ! h9t ( :i* _! arti/s might readily obta9 f ! col\r$ /uffs :i* 7 frequ5tly pres5t$ by ,indian ambassadors to ! emp]ors40,i-#i ,footnote ,i-#i3 ,j\rnal zur ,kun/ges*i*te1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #ha4 ,by grotesque--8,laubw]k0--ornam5tal foliage is "h meant2--grot-esque1 b[]-"w1--n c>icatures4 ,at page #ij ( ,s+]'s 8,rese>*es into ! ,hi/ory ( ,play+-,c>ds0 are impressions copi$ f /amps simil> to ! prec$+2 :i* /amps ! au?or consid]s z af=d+ 8examples ( su* a ne> approa* to ! art ( pr9t+ z fir/ practis$1 t x is truly extraord9>y !re is no rema9+ evid5ce ( its hav+ be5 ex]cis$ by !m2--unless we suppose t !y 7 acqua9t$ ) x1 & did n *oose to adopt x f reasons ( /ate policy40 ,x is j z extraord9>y t ! ,greek :o employ$ ! expansive =ce ( /eam 9 ! lopile to bl[ ! fire did n inv5t ,newcom5's eng9e2--unless1 inde$1 we suppose t ! con/ruction ( su* an eng9e 0 p]fectly kn[n at ,syracuse1 b t ! gov]nm5t !re did n *oose to adopt x f motives ( 8/ate policy40 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 a reason ( 8/ate policy0 :i* caus$ ! ,roman cavalry to ride )\t /irrups1 or ! w9d[s ( ! palace ( ,augu/us to rema9 unglaz$4 ,! foll[+ impressions are also copi$ f two o!r brass /amps1 pres]v$ 9 ! collection ( ,roman antiquities 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ovirillio ,illu/ration3 ,,flscladi\ ,z ! lett]s 9 ! orig9als are holl[$ or cut into ! metal1 !y w\ld1 if impress$ on clay or s(t wax1 appe> rais$ or 9 relief2 & if ink$ & impress$ on pap] or on :ite clo?1 !y w\ld pres5t ! same appe>ance t !y d "h--:ite on a black gr\nd4 ,n be+ able to expla9 ! lett]s on ^! /amps1 fur!r ?an t ! fir/ may be ! dative case ( a prop] "n ,ovirillius1 & indicate t prop]ty s m>k$ belong$ to su* a p]son1 ,i leave !m1 z ,francis ,moore1 physician1 leaves ! hi]oglyphic 9 8 ,almanack1--8to "t & ! curi\s to con/rue40 ,lamb9et1 9 8 8,re*]*es sur l',orig9e de l',imprim]ie10 gives an acc\nt ( two /one /amps ( ! =m ( small tablets1 ! lett]s ( :i* 7 cut 9 intaglio & rev]se1 simil> to ! two ( :i* impressions are above giv54 ,!y 7 f\nd 9 #ahjh1 ne> ! village ( ,nais1 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,meuse2 & z ! lett]s1 be+ 9 rev]se1 c\ld n be made out1 ! own] ( ! tablets s5t !m to ! ,celtic ,society ( ,p>is1 :]e ,m4 ,dulaure1 to ^: exam9ation !y 7 submitt$1 0 ( op9ion t !y 7 a k9d ( matrices or holl[ /amps1 int5d$ to be appli$ to s(t sub/ances or su* z 7 9 a /ate ( fusion4 ,he ?\ght !y 7 /amps = vessels conta9+ m$ical compositions2 & if 8 read+ ( "o ( ! inscriptions be correct1 ! practice ( /amp+ ! "n ( a quack & ! nature ( 8 rem$y1 9 relief on ! side ( an o9tm5t-pot or a bottle1 is ( high antiquity4 ,! lett]s ,q4 ,,jun4 ,,tauri4 ,,anody4 ,,num4 ,,ad ,,omn4 ,,lipp4 ,m4 ,dulaure expla9s ?us3 ,qu9ti ,junii ,tauridi anodynum ad omnes lippas2,i-#aj an inscription :i* is almo/ lit]ally r5d]$ by ! title ( a specific /ill kn[n 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 8,dr4 ,dud's lotion1 good = sore eyes40 ,footnote ,i-#aj3 ,m4 ,dulaure's lat9ity is bad4 8,lippas0 c]ta9ly is n ! ^w4 ,8 translation is1 8,remde anod9 de ,qu9tus ,junius ,tauridus1 p\r t\s les maux d'yeux40 ,o!r /one /amps1 suppos$ to h be5 us$ by oculi/s to m>k ! vessels conta9+ _! m$icam5ts1 7 discov]$ & expla9$ long be=e ,m4 ,dulaure publi%$ 8 int]pretation4 ,see 8,,wal*ii ,antiquitates ,m$ic ,select1 ,j51 #aggb10 ,num4 #a & #b1 ref]r$ to by ,von ,murr4 ,besides su* /amps z h already be5 describ$1 ! anci5ts us$ br&s1 bo? figur$ & lett]$1 ) :i*1 :5 heat$1 !y m>k$ _! horses1 %eep1 & cattle1 z well z crim9als1 captives1 & refractory or runaway slaves4 ,! ,a!nians1 accord+ to ,suidas1 m>k$ _! ,samian captives ) ! figure ( an owl2 :ile ,a!nians captur$ by ! ,samians 7 m>k$ ) ! figure ( a galley1 & by ! ,syracusans ) ! figure ( a horse4 ,! husb&man at 8 leisure "t1 z we are in=m$ by ,virgil1 9 ! fir/ book ( ! ,georgics1 8,aut pecori signa1 aut num]os impressit ac]vis20 & f ! ?ird book we le>n t ! op]ation 0 p]=m$ by br&+3 8,cont9uoque notas et nom9a g5tis inurunt40,i-#aa ,footnote ,i-#aa3 ,,h]mannus ,,hugo1 ,de prima ,orig9e ,scrib5di1 cap4 xix4 ,de ,notis ,s]vilibus1 et cap4 xx4 ,de ,notis pecudum4 ,a fur!r acc\nt ( ! anci5t /igmata1 & ( ! mann] 9 :i* slaves 7 m>k$1 is to be f\nd 9 ,,pignorius1 ,de ,s]vis4 99 99 99 ,su* br&s z ^? above notic$1 commonly kn[n by ! "n ( caut]ia or /igmata1 7 also us$ = simil> purposes dur+ ! middle ages2 & ! practice1 :i* has n be5 v long obsolete1 ( burn+ homicides 9 ! h&1 & vagabonds & 8/urdy begg>s0 on ! brea/1 face1 or %\ld]1 af=ds an example ( ! employm5t ( ! br& 9 ! crim9al jurisprud5ce ( our own c\ntry4 ,by ! #a/ ,edw>d ,,vi4 cap4 #c1 x 0 enact$1 t :osoev]1 man or woman1 n be+ lame or impot5t1 nor s ag$ or diseas$ t he or %e c\ld n "w1 %\ld be convict$ ( loit]+ or idle w&]+ by ! highway-side1 or 9 ! /reets1 l a s]vant want+ a ma/]1 or a begg>1 he or %e 0 to be m>k$ ) a hot iron on ! brea/ ) ! lett] ,v = ,vagabond1 & adjudg$ to ! p]son br++ him or h] be=e a ju/ice to be 8 slave = two ye>s2 & if su* adjudg$ slave %\ld run away1 he or %e1 ^u be+ tak5 & convict$1 0 to be m>k$ on ! =ehead1 or on ! ball ( ! *eek1 ) ! lett] ,s = ,slave1 & adjudg$ to be ! said ma/]'s slave = ev]4 ,by ! #a/ ( ,james ,i4 cap4 #g1 x 0 also enact$1 t su* z 7 to be deem$ 8rogues1 vagabonds1 & /urdy begg>s0 by ! #ci? ( ,elizabe?1 cap4 #d1 be+ convict$ at ! sessions & f\nd to be incorrigible1 7 to be br&$ 9 ! left %\ld] ) a hot iron1 ( ! bread? ( an ,engli% %ill+1 m>k$ ) a great ,roman ,r = ,rogue2 su* br&+ ^u ! %\ld] to be s ?or\ghly burn$ & set ^u ! sk9 & fle%1 t ! said lett] ,r %\ld be se5 & rema9 = a p]petual m>k ^u su* rogue dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 life4,i-#ab ,footnote ,i-#ab3 ,hi/ory ( ! ,poor ,laws1 #hvo4 #agfd1 by ,ri*>d ,burn1 ,,ll4,d41 :o 9 8 obs]vations on su* puni%m5ts says3 8,x is affect+ to humanity to obs]ve ! v>i\s me?ods t h be5 inv5t$ = ! puni%m5t ( vagrants2 none ( all :i* wr\ght ! desir$ effect 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,?is "p ( our hi/ory looks l ! hi/ory ( ! savages 9 ,am]ica4 ,almo/ all sev]ities h be5 ex]cis$ aga9/ vagrants1 except scalp+40 ,f a passage 9 ,qu9tilian we le>n t ! ,romans 7 acqua9t$ ) ! me?od ( trac+ lett]s1 by means ( a piece ( ?9 wood 9 :i* ! *>act]s 7 pi]c$ or cut ?r\gh1 on a pr9ciple simil> to t on :i* ! pres5t art ( /5cill+ is f\nd$4 ,he is speak+ ( tea*+ boys to write1 & ! passage ref]r$ to may be ?us translat$3 8,:5 ! boy %all h ent]$ ^u jo9+-h&1 x w be useful = him to h a copy-head ( wood 9 :i* ! lett]s are well cut1 t ?r\gh its furr[s1 z x 71 he may trace ! *>act]s ) 8 /yle4 ,he w n ?us be liable to make slips z on ! wax alone1 = he w be conf9$ by ! b\nd>y ( ! lett]s1 & nei!r w he be able to deviate f 8 text4 ,by ?us m rapidly & frequ5tly foll[+ a def9ite outl9e1 8 h& w become set1 )\t 8 requir+ any assi/ance f ! ma/] to guide x40,i-#ac ,footnote ,i-#ac3 8,quum pu] jam ductus sequi cp]it1 non inutile erit1 litt]as tabell quam optime insculpi1 ut p] illos1 velut sulcos1 ducatur /ylus4 ,nam neque errabit1 quemadmodum 9 c]is1 cont9ebitur enim utrimque m>g9ibus1 neque extra prscriptum pot]it egr$i2 et cel]ius ac spius sequ5do c]ta ve/igia firmabit articulos1 neque egebit adjutorio manum suam1 manu sup]imposita1 reg5tis40 ,qu9tiliani ,in/it4 ,orator41 lib4 i4 cap4 ,i4 ,a ?9 /5cil-plate ( copp]1 hav+ ! foll[+ lett]s cut out ( x1 ,,dn ,,con/an ,,tio ,,avg ,,sem ,,p] ,,victori 0 receiv$1 toge!r ) "s r>e co9s1 f ,italy by ,tri/an1 au?or ( 8,comm5taires ,hi/oriques1 ,p>is1 #afeg10 :o gave a copy ( x at page #fh ( ! ?ird volume ( t "w4 ,! lett]s ?us =m$1 8ex nulla mat]ia10,i-#ad might be trac$ on pap] by means ( a p51 or ) a small bru%1 *>g$ ) body-col\r1 z /5cill]s slap-da% rooms ?r\gh _! pa/ebo>d patt]ns1 or dipp$ 9 ink 9 ! same mann] z _m %opkeep]s n[1 ?r\gh simil> ?9 copp]-plates1 m>k ! prices ( _! w>es1 or _! own "n & address on ! pap] 9 :i* su* w>es are wrapp$4 ,footnote ,i-#ad3 ,prosp] ,m>*&1 at page #i ( 8 8,hi/oire de l',imprim]ie10 gives ! foll[+ title ( a book 9 #hvo4 :i* 0 :olly1 bo? text & figures1 execut$ 9 ?is mann]1 p]c au j\r1 9 vellum3 8,lib] ,passionis ,dom9i ,no/ri ,jesu ,*ri/i1 cum figuris et *>act]ibus ex nulla mat]ia compositis40 ,he /ates t 9 #afdj x 0 9 ! collection ( ,alb]t ,h5ry1 ,pr9ce de ,ligne1 & quotes a description ( x f ,anton4 ,s&]i ,biblio!ca ,belgica ,manuscripta1 p>te ii4 p4 #a4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! six? c5tury x appe>s1 f ,procopius1 t ! ,emp]or ,ju/9 ,i4 made use ( a tablet ( wood pi]c$ or cut 9 a simil> mann]1 ?r\gh :i* he trac$ 9 r$ ink1 ! imp]ial col\r1 8 signature1 consi/+ ( ! fir/ f\r lett]s ( 8 "n4 ,x is also /at$ t ,!odoric1 ,k+ ( ! ,o/rogo?s1 ! contempor>y ( ,ju/91 us$ aft] ! same mann] to sign ! fir/ f\r lett]s ( 8 "n ?r\gh a plate ( gold2,i-#ae & 9 ,p]+skiold's edition ( ! ,life ( ,!odoric1 ! annex$ is giv5 z ! monogram,i-#af ( t mon>*4 ,! au!nticity ( ?is acc\nt has1 h[ev]1 be5 que/ion$1 z ,co*lu1 :o di$ 9 #aeeb1 cites no anci5t au?ority = ! fact4 ,footnote ,i-#ae3 8,rex ,!odoricus inlit]atus erat1 et sic obruto s5su ut 9 decem annos regni sui quatuor lit]as subscriptionis edicti sui disc]e nullat5us potuisset4 ,de qua re lam9am auream jussit int]rasilem ti]i quatuor lit]as regis hab5tem1 unde ut si subscrib]e voluisset1 posita lam9a sup] *>tam1 p] eam p5nam duc]et et subscriptio ejus tantum vid]etur40--,vita ,!odorici ,regis ,o/rogo?orum et ,itali1 autore ,joanne ,co*lo2 cum additam5tis ,joannis ,p]+skiold1 #dto4 ,/ockholmi1 #afii1 p4 #aii4 ,footnote ,i-#af3 ,a monogram1 prop]ly1 consi/s ( all1 or ! pr9cipal lett]s ( a "n1 comb9$ 9 su* a mann] t ! :ole appe> b z "o "*2 a portion ( "o lett] be+ und]/ood to repres5t ano!r1 two be+ unit$ to =m a ?ird1 & s on4 ,illu/ration ,x has be5 ass]t$ by ,mabillon1 7,diplom4 lib4 ii4 cap4 #aj17 t ,*>lemagne fir/ introduc$ ! practice ( sign+ docum5ts ) a monogram1 ei!r trac$ ) a p5 by means ( a ?9 tablet ( gold1 ivory1 or wood1 or impress$ ) an ink$ /amp1 hav+ ! *>act]s 9 relief1 9 a mann] simil> to t 9 :i* lett]s are /amp$ at ! ,po/-(fice4,i-#ag ,ducange1 h[ev]1 /ates t ?is mode ( sign+ docum5ts is ( great] antiquity1 & he gives a copy ( ! monogram ( ! ,pope ,adrian ,i4 :o 0 elect$ to ! see ( ,rome 9 #ggd1 & di$ 9 #gie4 ,! annex$ monogram ( ,*>lemagne has be5 copi$ f ,p]+skiold1 8,annotationes 9 ,vitam ,!odorici10 p4 #ehd2 x is also giv5 9 ,ducange's ,gloss>y1 & 9 ! 8,n\veau ,trait de ,diplomatique40 ,footnote ,i-#ag3 ,mabillon's op9ion is f\nd$ on ! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,life ( ,*>lemagne1 by 8 secret>y ,eg9h>d3 8,ut scilicet imp]itiam hanc scrib5di hone/o ritu suppl]et1 monogrammatis usum loco proprii signi invexit40 ,! monogram1 ei!r /5cill$ or /amp$1 consi/$ ( a comb9ation ( ! lett]s ( ! p]son's "n1 a fanciful "*1 or ! figure ( a cross1,i-#ah accompani$ ) a peculi> k9d ( fl\ri%1 call$ by ,fr5* writ]s on diplomatics p>afe or ru*e4 ,?is mode ( sign+ appe>s to h be5 common 9 mo/ nations ( ,europe dur+ ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies2 & x 0 practis$ by nobles & ! high] ord]s ( ! cl]gy1 z well z by k+s4 ,x cont9u$ to be us$ by ! k+s ( ,france to ! "t ( ,philip ,,iii4 & by ! ,spani% mon>*s to a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,x also appe>s to h be5 adopt$ by "s ( ! ,saxon k+s ( ,engl&2 & ! au?ors ( ! 8,n\veau ,trait de ,diplomatique0 say t !y _h se5 simil> m>ks produc$ by a /amp ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 :5 ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,we h _h a rec5t in/ance ( ! use ( ! /ampilla1 z x is call$ by diplomati/s1 9 affix+ ! royal signature4 ,dur+ ! illness ( ,george ,,iv4 9 #ahcj1 a silv] /amp1 conta9+ a fac-simile ( ! k+'s sign-manual1 0 execut$ by ,wyon1 :i* 0 /amp$ on docum5ts requir+ ! royal signature1 by commission]s1 9 8 ,maje/y's pres5ce4 ,a simil> /amp 0 us$ dur+ ! la/ illness ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 = ! purpose ( affix+ ! royal signature4 ,! k+'s w>rant emp[]+ commission]s to use ! /amp may be se5 9 ,rym]'s ,fd]a1 vol4 xv4 p4 #aja1 anno #aedf4 ,x is believ$ t ! w>rant :i* s5t ! poet ,surrey to ! scaffold 0 sign$ ) ?is /amp1 & n ) ,h5ry's own h&4 ,footnote ,i-#ah3 8,triplex cruces ex>&i modus3 #a4 p5na sive calamo2 #b4 lam9a int]rasili2 #c4 /ampilla sive typo anaglyptico4 ,lam9 int]rasiles ex auro aliove metallo1 vel ex ebore etiam confect sunt1 atque ita p]=at1 ut hiatus1 pro re nata1 crucium cet4 speciem pr se f]r5t1 p] quos velut sulcos1 calamus sive p5na ducebatur4 ,/ampill v]o ita sculpt sunt1 ut figur sup]ficiem em9]5t1 qu de9de atram5to t9ct sunt1 *>tque impress40--,gatt]]1 ,elem5ta ,artis ,diplomatic1 #bfd1 ,de ,/aurologia4 ,9 ,sempre's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,cortes ( ,spa910 sev]al examples are giv5 ( ! use ( fanciful monograms 9 t c\ntry at an e>ly p]iod1 & :i* 7 probably introduc$ by its ,go?ic invad]s4 ,t su* m>ks 7 /amp$ is almo/ c]ta92 = ! fir/1 :i* is t ( ,gundisalvo ,tellez1 affix$ to a *>t] ( ! date ( #hdj1 is ! same z ! 8sign0 :i* 0 affix$ by 8 wid[1 ,flamula1 :5 %e grant$ c]ta9 prop]ty to ! abbot & monks ( ,c>dea = ! good ( h] deceas$ husb&'s s\l4 ,! second1 :i* is ( ! date ( #hhf1 0 us$ bo? by ! abbot ,ovecus1 & ,pet] 8 nephew2 & ! ?ird 0 us$ by all ! f\r *ildr5 ( "o ,ordoo1 z _! 8sign0 to a *>t] ( donation execut$ 9 #ajah4 ,! f\r? m>k is a ,runic cyph]1 copi$ f an anci5t ,icel&ic manuscript1 & giv5 by ,p]+skiold 9 8 8,annotations on ! ,life ( ,!odoric30 x is n giv5 "h z be+ f a /5cil or a /amp1 b t x may be comp>$ ) ! app>5tly ,go?ic monograms us$ 9 ,spa94 ,illu/ration 8,9 _! inscriptions1 & 9 ! rubrics ( _! books10 says a writ] 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,review,i-#ai 8! ,spani% ,go?s1 l ! ,romans ( ! ,l[] ,empire1 7 fond ( us+ comb9$ capitals--( monogrammatis+4 ,?is mode ( writ+ is n[ common 9 ,spa91 on ! sign-bo>ds & on ! %op-fronts1 :]e x has reta9$ its place 9 defiance ( ! canons ( ! c\ncil ( ,leon1 ,! ,go?s1 h[ev]1 reta9$ a truly ,go?ic cu/om 9 _! writ+s4 ,! ,spani% ,go? sometimes subscrib$ 8 "n2 or he drew a monogram l ! ,roman emp]ors1 or ! sign ( ! cross l ! ,saxon2 b n unfrequ5tly he affix$ /range & fanciful m>ks to ! de$ or *>t]1 be>+ a close resemblance to ! ,runic or magical knots ( :i* s _m h be5 engrav$ by ,p]+skiold1 & o!r nor!rn antiqu>ies40 ,footnote ,i-#ai3 ,no4 lxi4 p4 #ajh1 :]e ! prec$+ ,go?ic m>ks1 ) ! explanation ( !m1 are giv54 ,to ! t5? or ! elev5? c5tury are also to be ref]r$ c]ta9 small silv] co9s--8some?+ betwe5 c\nt]s & money10 z is obs]v$ by ,p9k]ton--:i* are impress$1 on "o side only1 ) a k9d ( ,runic monogram4 ,!y are =m$ ( v ?9 pieces ( silv]2 & x has be5 suppos$ t ! impression 0 produc$ f wood5 dies4 ,!y are kn[n to collectors z 8nummi bracteati0--t9sel money2 & ,p9k]ton1 mi/ak+ ! ,runic "* = ! ,*ri/ian cross1 says t 8mo/ ( !m are ecclesia/ic40 ,he is p]haps ne>] ! tru? :5 he adds t !y 8belong to ! t5? c5tury1 & are commonly f\nd 9 ,g]many1 & ! nor!rn k+doms ( ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k40,i-#bj ,! f\r foll[+ copies f ! orig9al co9s 9 ! ,br5n]ian collection are giv5 by ,p]+skiold1 9 8 8,annotations on ! ,life ( ,!odoric10 previ\sly ref]r$ to4 ,! *>act]s on ! ?ree fir/ he reads z ! lett]s ,,eir1 ,,oir1 & ,,air1 respectively1 & consid]s !m to be int5d$ to repres5t ! "n ( ,eric ! ,victori\s4 ,! *>act]s on ! f\r? he reads z ,,eim1 & applies !m to ,emund ,annosus1 ! nephew ( ,eric ! ,victori\s1 :o succe$$ to ! ,sueo-,go?ic ?rone 9 #ajea2 ab\t :i* "t1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! monks1 ! anci5t ,runic *>act]s 7 ex*ang$ = ,roman4 ,footnote ,i-#bj3 ,essay on ,m$als1 pp4 #add1 #ade4 ,edit4 #aghd4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,nicolaus ,,f]5t]ius1 #abcf ,! not>ies ( succe$+ times1 :o on _! admission 7 requir$ to use a di/9ctive sign or not>ial m>k 9 witness+ an in/rum5t1 cont9u$ occasionally to employ ! /5cil 9 affix+ _! 8sign20 al?\gh _! use ( ! /amp = t purpose appe>s to h be5 m g5]al4 ,9 "s ( ^? m>ks or /amps ! "n ( ! not>y does n appe>1 & 9 o!rs a small space is left 9 ord] t x might aft]w>ds be ins]t$ ) a p54 ,! annex$ monogram 0 ! (ficial m>k ( an ,italian not>y1 ,nicolaus ,f]5t]ius1 :o liv$ 9 #abcf4;,i-#ba ,footnote ,i-#ba3 ,x x giv5 by ,gatt]] 9 8 8,elem5ta ,artis ,diplomatic10 p4 #aff2 #dto4 ,gott+1 #agfe2 :o ref]s to ,muratori1 ,antiquit4 ,itali ,m$ii vi1 t4 vi4 p4 #i4 ,! ?ree foll[+ cuts repres5t impressions ( ,g]man not>ial /amps4 ,! fir/ is t ( ,jacobus ,arnaldus1 #acde2 ! second t ( ,johannes ,meyn]s51 #adce2 & ! ?ird t ( ,johannes ,calvis1 #aeba4;,i-#bb ,footnote ,i-#bb3 ,^! /amps are copi$ f 8,d4 ,e4 ,b>+ii ,clavis ,diplomatica10 #dto4 ,hanov]1 #aged4 ,!re is a "w expressly treat+ ( ! use ( ! ,diplomatic ,/amp--,j4 ,c4 ,c4 ,oelri*s de ,/ampilla ,diplomatica1 folio1 ,wism>i1 #agfb1 :i* ,i h n be5 able to obta9 a sight (4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jacobus ,,arnaldus1 #acde4 ,illu/ration3 ,,johannes ,,meyn]s51 #adce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,johannes ,,calvis1 #aeba4 ,_m ( ! m]*ants'-m>ks ( our own c\ntry1 :i* s frequ5tly appe> on /a9$ glass w9d[s1 monum5tal brasses1 & tomb/ones 9 ! f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 & sixte5? c5turies1 be> a consid]able lik5ess to ! anci5t ,runic monograms1 f :i* x is n unlikely t !y 7 orig9ally d]iv$4 ,! ,engli% trad] 0 accu/om$ to place 8 m>k z 8 8sign0 9 8 %op-front 9 ! same mann] z ! ,spani>d did 8 monogram3 if he 0 a wool-/apl]1 he /amp$ x on 8 packs2 or if a fi%-cur]1 x 0 br&$ on ! end ( 8 casks4 ,if he built himself a new h\se1 8 m>k 0 frequ5tly plac$ betwe5 8 initials ov] ! pr9cipal door-way1 or ov] ! fireplace ( ! hall2 if he made a gift to a *ur* or a *apel1 8 m>k 0 emblazon$ on ! w9d[s beside ! knight's or ! nobleman's %ield ( arms2 & :5 he di$1 8 m>k 0 cut ^u 8 tomb4 ,( ! foll[+ m]*ants'-m>ks1 ! fir/ is t ( ,adam de ,walsokne1 :o di$ 9 #acdi2 ! second t ( ,edmund ,pepyr1 :o di$ 9 #adhc2 ^? two m>ks are f _! tombs 9 ,/4 ,m>g>et's1 ,lynn2 & ! ?ird is f a w9d[ 9 ! same *ur*4,i-#bc ,footnote ,i-#bc3 ,! m>ks "h giv5 are copi$ f ,mack>el's ,hi/ory ( ,k+'s ,lynn1 #hvo4 #agcg4 ,9 ! same book !re are upw>ds ( ?irty m ( a simil> k9d1 f ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury to ! latt] end ( ! sev5te5?4 ,p]haps no two c\nties 9 ! k+dom af=d s _m examples ( m]*ants'-m>ks & monum5tal brasses z ,norfolk & ,suffolk4 ,illu/ration ,9 ,pi]ce ,pl\ghman's ,cre$1 writt5 aft] ! dea? ( ,wickliffe1 :i* happ5$ 9 #achd1 & consequ5tly m mod]n ?an _m ( ,*auc]'s poems1 m]*ants'-m>ks are ?us m5tion$ 9 ! description ( a w9d[ ( a ,dom9ican conv5t3 8,wide w9d[s y-wr\ght1 y-writt5 full ?ick1 ,%9+ ) %ap5 %ields1 to %ew5 ab\t1 ,) m>ks ( m]*ants1 y-m$dl$ betwe51 ,mo ?an tw5ty & two1 twice y-numb]$4,i-#bd0 ,footnote ,i-#bd3 8,y-m$dl$ is mix$2 ! m>ks ( m]*ants are put 9 opposition to ! #8%ap5 %ields1' because m]*ants _h no coats ( arms40--,specim5s ( ! ,e>ly ,engli% ,poets1 by ,george ,ellis1 ,esq4 vol4 i4 p4 #afc4 ,edit4 #ahaa4 ,hav+ ?us endeav\r$ to prove by a cont9u\s *a9 ( evid5ce t ! pr9ciple ( produc+ impressions f rais$ l9es 0 kn[n1 & practis$1 at a v e>ly p]iod2 & t x 0 appli$ = ! purpose ( impress+ lett]s & o!r *>act]s on pap]1 ?\gh p]haps conf9$ to signatures only1 long previ\s to #adbc1--:i* is ! e>lie/ date t has be5 discov]$ on a wood-cut1 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! ^w1 impress$ on pap]1 & accompani$ ) explanatory words cut on ! same block2,i-#be & hav+ %[n t ! pr9ciple ( /5cill+--! mann] 9 :i* ! above-nam$ cut is col\r$,i-#bf--0 also kn[n 9 ! middle ages2 x appe>s requisite1 next to briefly notice ! contempor>y exi/5ce ( ! cognate arts ( die-s9k+1 seal-cutt+1 & engrav+ on brass1 & aft]w>ds to exam9e ! gr\nds ( c]ta9 speculations on ! introduction & e>ly practice ( wood-engrav+ & block-pr9t+ 9 ,europe4 ,footnote ,i-#be3 8,till lately ?is 0 ! e>lie/ dat$ evid5ce ( block pr9t+ kn[n2 b !re has j be5 discov]$ at ,mal9es1 & n[ deposit$ at ,brussels1 a woodcut ( simil> "*1 b assum$ to be ,dut* or ,flemi%1 dat$ ,,mccccxviii42 & ?\gh !re seems no reason to d\bt ! g5u95ess ( ! cut1 x is curr5tly ass]t$ t ! date be>s evid5ce ( hav+ be5 tamp]$ )40--,extract f ,bohn's ,lecture on ,pr9t+4 ,footnote ,i-#bf3 ,! woodcut ref]r$ to is t ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 discov]$ by ,he9ek51 pa/$ )9 ! cov] ( a book 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,buxheim1 ne> ,memm+51 9 ,suabia4 ,x is ( a folio size1 & is col\r$ by means ( /5cils2 a practice :i* appe>s to h be5 adopt$ at an e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury by ! ,g]man ,=ms*neid]s & ,briefmal]s1 lit]ally1 figure-cutt]s & c>dpa9t]s1 to col\r _! cuts & _! c>ds4 ,! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] is n[ 9 ,e>l ,sp5c]'s libr>y4 7,see a r$uc$ copy ( x at p4 #df74 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ inv5tion ( /amp+ lett]s & figures ^u co9s1 & ! "n ( ! inv5tor1 x is fruitless to inquire1 z ! orig9 ( ! art is lo/ 9 ! remot5ess ( antiquity4 8,leav+ ^! unc]ta9ties10 says ,p9k]ton1 9 8 ,essay on ,m$als1 8we "k f respectable au?orities t ! fir/ money co9$ 9 ,greece 0 t /ruck 9 ! isl& ( g9a1 by ,phidon k+ ( ,argos4 ,8 reign is fix$ by ! ,arundelian m>bles to an era correspond5t to ! #hhe? ye> be=e ,*ri/2 b :e!r he d]iv$ ?is art f ,lydia or any o!r s\rce we are n told40 ,ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 ! art ( co9+1 s f> z relates to ! beauty ( ! heads impress$1 appe>s to h atta9$ its p]fection 9 ,greece2--we may inde$ say its p]fection g5]ally1 = ! specim5s :i* 7 !n produc$ 9 t c\ntry rema9 unsurpass$ by mod]n art4 ,"u ! ,roman emp]ors ! art nev] seems to h atta9$ s high a degree ( p]fection z x did 9 ,greece2 ?\gh sev]al ( ! co9s ( ,hadrian1 probably execut$ by ,greek arti/s1 display great beauty ( design & execution4 ,! art ( co9+1 ) ! re/ ( ! ornam5tal arts1 decl9$ ) ! empire2 &1 on its f9al subv]sion 9 ,italy1 ! co9s ( its rul]s 7 sc>cely sup]ior to ^? :i* 7 subsequ5tly m9t$ 9 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 & ,france1 dur+ ! d>ke/ p]iod ( ! middle ages4 ,! art ( co9+ money1 h[ev] rude 9 design & imp]fect 9 its mode ( /amp+ ! impression1 :i* 0 by repeat$ bl[s ) a hamm]1 0 practis$ f ! twelf? to ! sixte5? c5tury 9 a great] numb] ( places ?an at pres5t2 = _m ( ! m p[]ful bi%ops & nobles assum$ or extort$ ! "r ( co9+ money z well z ! k+2 & 9 our own c\ntry ! ar*bi%ops ( ,cant]bury & ,york1 & ! bi%op ( ,durham1 ex]cis$ ! "r ( co9age till ! ,re=mation2 & local m9ts = co9+ ! k+'s money 7 occasionally fix$ at ,norwi*1 ,*e/]1 ,york1 ,/4 ,edmundsbury1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 & o!r places4 ,indep5d5t ( ^? e/abli%m5ts = ! co9+ ( money1 almo/ e abbey /ruck its own jettons or c\nt]s2 :i* 7 ?9 pieces ( copp]1 commonly impress$ ) a pi\s leg5d1 & us$ 9 ca/+ up acc\nts1 b :i* ! g5]al introduction ( ! num]als n[ 9 use1 & an improv$ sy/em ( ari?metic1 h r5d]$ unnecess>y4 ,z su* m9ts 7 at lea/ z num]\s 9 ,france & ,g]many z 9 our own c\ntry1 ,s*eff]1 ! p>tn] ( ,fau/1 :5 he conceiv$ ! idea ( ca/+ lett]s f matrices =m$ by pun*es1 w\ld h little difficulty 9 f9d+ a workman to assi/ him 9 c>ry+ 8 plans into execution4 8,! art ( impress+ leg5ds on co9s10 says ,a/le 9 8 ,acc\nt ( ! ,orig9 & ,progress ( writ+1 8is no?+ m ?an ! art ( pr9t+ on m$als40 ,t ! art ( ca/+ lett]s 9 relief1 ?\gh n sep>ately1 & mo/ likely f a m\ld ( s&1 0 kn[n to ! ,romans1 is evid5t f ! names ( ! emp]ors ,domitian & ,hadrian on "s pigs ( lead 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 & t x 0 practis$ dur+ ! middle & succe$+ ages1 we h ample te/imony f ! inscriptions on our anci5t bells4,i-#bg ,footnote ,i-#bg3 ,! small & ?ick brass co9s1 /ruck by ,grecian cities "u ! ,roman emp]ors1 & kn[n to collectors z 8colonial ,greek10 appe> to h be5 ca/1 & m\lds = su* a purpose h be5 discov]$ 9 our own c\ntry4 ,9 ! c5tury imm$iately prec$+ #adbc1 ! date ( ! wood-cut ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ! use ( seals1 = ! purpose ( au!nticat+ docum5ts by _! impression on wax1 0 g5]al ?r\gh\t ,europe2 k+s1 nobles1 bi%ops1 abbots1 & all :o 8came ( g5tle blood10 ) corporations1 lay & cl]ical1 all _h seals4 ,!y 7 mo/ly ( brass1 = ! art ( engrav+ on preci\s /ones does n appe> to h be5 at t "t reviv$1 ) ! lett]s & device cut or ca/ 9 holl[--en creux--on ! face ( ! seal1 9 ord] t ! impression might appe> rais$4 ,! workman%ip ( _m ( ^? seals1 & m especially ( "s ( ! conv5tional ones1 :]e figures ( sa9ts & a view ( ! abbey are introduc$1 displays no mean degree ( skill4 ,look+ on su* specim5s ( ! grav]'s art1 & be>+ 9 m9d ! "* ( _m ( ! draw+s :i* are to be se5 9 ! missals & o!r manuscripts ( ! f\rte5? c5tury & ( ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5?1 we ne$ no long] be surpris$ t ! cuts ( ! e>lie/ block-books %\ld be s well execut$4 ,! art ( engrav+ on copp] & o!r metals1 ?\gh n ) ! int5tion ( tak+ impressions on pap]1 is ( great antiquity4 ,9 ! late ,mr4 ,salt's collection ( ,egyptian antiquities !re 0 a small axe1 probably a model1 ! head ( :i* 0 =m$ ( %eet-copp]1 & 0 ti$1 or r b&ag$1 to ! helve ) slips ( clo?4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 *>act]s engrav$ ^u ! head 9 su* a mann] t if x 7 ink$ & submitt$ to ! action ( ! roll+-press1 impressions w\ld be obta9$ z f a mod]n copp]-plate4 ,! axe1 ) o!r models ( a c>p5t]'s tools1 also ( copp]1 0 f\nd 9 a tomb 9 ,egypt1 :]e x mu/ h be5 deposit$ at a v e>ly p]iod4 ,t ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans 7 accu/om$ to engrave on copp] & o!r metals 9 a simil> mann]1 is evid5t f engrav$ pat] & o!r ornam5tal works execut$ by p ( ^? nations4 ,?\gh no anci5t writ] makes m5tion ( ! art ( engrav+ be+ employ$ = ! purpose ( produc+ impressions on pap]1 yet x has be5 conjectur$ by ,de ,pauw1 f a passage 9 ,pl9y1,i-#bh t su* an art 0 inv5t$ by ,v>ro = ! purpose ( multiply+ ! portraits ( em95t m54 8,no ,greek10 says ,de ,pauw1 speak+ ( engrav+1 8has ! lea/ "r to claim ?is inv5tion1 :i* belongs exclusively to ,v>ro1 z is express$ by ,pl9y 9 no equivocal t]ms1 :5 he calls ?is me?od inv5tum ,v>ronis4 ,engrav$ plates 7 employ$ :i* gave ! pr(ile & ! pr9cipal traits ( ! figures1 to :i* ! appropriate col\rs & ! %ad[s 7 aft]w>ds add$ ) ! p5cil4 ,a woman1 orig9ally ( ,cyzica1 b !n settl$ 9 ,italy1 excell$ all o!rs 9 ! tal5t ( illum9+ su* k9d ( pr9ts1 :i* 7 ins]t$ by ,v>ro 9 a l>ge "w ( 8 entitl$ #8,imag9es' or #8,hebdomades1' :i* 0 enri*$ ) sev5 hundr$ portraits ( di/+ui%$ m51 copi$ f _! /atues & bu/s4 ,! necessity ( exactly repeat+ ea* portrait or figure 9 e copy ( ! "w sugge/$ ! idea ( multiply+ !m )\t mu* co/1 & ?us gave bir? to an art till !n unkn[n40,i-#bi ,! gr\nds1 h[ev]1 ( ?is conjecture are extremely slight1 & w n )\t additional support su/a9 ! sup]/ructure :i* ,de ,pauw--an 8+5i\s0 guess]1 b a sup]ficial inquir]--has s plausibly rais$4 ,a prop = ?is !ory has be5 s\ght = by m5 ( great] rese>* ?an ! orig9al prop\nd]1 b hi!rto )\t success4 ,footnote ,i-#bh3 8,t a /rong passion = portraits =m]ly exi/$1 is atte/$ bo? by ,atticus1 ! fri5d ( ,cic]o1 :o wrote a "w on ?is subject1 & by ,m4 ,v>ro1 :o conceiv$ ! v lib]al idea ( ins]t+ by "s means or o!r1 9 8 num]\s volumes1 ! portraits ( sev5 hundr$ individuals2 z he c\ld n be> ! idea t all traces ( _! features %\ld be lo/1 or t ! lapse ( c5turies %\ld get ! bett] ( mank9d40--,pl9y's ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,book ,,xxxv4 *ap4 #b4--7;,bohn's ,ed4 vol4 vi4 p4 #bbf4 ,m4 ,deville is ( op9ion t ^! portraits 7 made 9 relief ^u plates ( metal1 p]haps bronze1 & col\r$ ) m9ium1 a r$ t9t mu* e/eem$ by ! ,romans74 ,footnote ,i-#bi3 ,see ,de ,pauw1 ,re*]*es ,philosophiques sur les ,grecs1 t4 ii4 p4 #ajj4 ,! subject is discuss$ 9 ,meusel's 8,neue ,miscellane5 von arti/is*5 ,inhalts10 "p xii4 p4 #chj-chg1 9 an article1 8,s9d wirkli* die ,rm] die ,erf9d] d] ,kupf]/e*]kun/8--,7 ! ,romans truly ! inv5tors ( copp]-plate engrav+80--by ,a4 ,rode4 ,bttig]1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ & intellig5t ( all ,g]man writ]s on ! f9e arts1 & ,fea1 ! editor ( ,w9kleman's ,hi/ory ( ,art1 d n admit ,de ,pauw's conjecture1 b decide ! "q 9 ! negative4 ,ab\t ! ye> #acjj we h evid5ce ( monum5tal brasses1 ) l>ge figures engrav$ on !m1 be+ fix$ on tombs 9 ?is c\ntry2 & x is n unlikely t !y 7 kn[n bo? "h & on ! ,cont95t at an e>li] p]iod4 ,! be/ specim5s kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry are su* z 7 9 all probability execut$ previ\s to #adjj4 ,9 ! succe$+ c5tury ! figures & ornam5tal "w g5]ally appe> to be design$ 9 a worse ta/e & m c>elessly execut$2 & 9 ! age ( ,que5 ,elizabe? ! art1 su* z x 01 appe>s to h rea*$ ! l[e/ po9t ( degradation1 ! monum5tal brasses ( t reign be+ g5]ally ! wor/ :i* are to be met )4 ,! figures on sev]al ( ! m anci5t brasses are well drawn1 & ! folds ( ! drap]y 9 ! dresses ( ! females are1 z a pa9t] w\ld say1 8well ca/20 & ! faces occasionally display a consid]able degree ( correct & elevat$ expression4 ,_m ( ! figures are ( ! size ( life1 m>k$ ) a hold outl9e well pl\gh$ into ! brass1 & hav+ ! features1 arm\r1 & drap]y indicat$ by s+le l9es ( great] or less /r5g? z might be requir$4 ,attempts at %ad+ are also occasionally to be met )2 ! effect be+ produc$ by means ( l9es obliquely cross+ ea* o!r 9 ! mann] ( cross-hat*+s4 ,:e!r impressions 7 ev] tak5 or n f su* e>ly brasses by ! arti/s :o execut$ !m1 x is p]haps n[ impossible to asc]ta92 b t !y might d s is beyond a d\bt1 = x is n[ a common practice1 & two imm5se volumes ( impressions tak5 f monum5tal brasses1 = ! late ,crav5 ,ord1 ,esq41 are pres]v$ 9 ! pr9t-room ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ monum5tal brasses kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry is t ( ,rob]t ,braun*e & 8 two wives1 9 ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,*ur*1 ,lynn1 :]e x appe>s to h be5 plac$ ab\t ! ye> #acfd4 ,braun*e1 & 8 two wives1 "o on ea* side ( him1 are repres5t$ /&+1 ( ! size ( life4 ,above ! figures are repres5tations ( five small ni*es surm\nt$ by canopies 9 ! florid ,go?ic /yle4 ,9 ! c5tre ni*e is ! figure ( ! ,deity hold+ app>5tly ! infant ,*ri/ 9 8 arms4 ,9 ea* ( ! ni*es adjo9+ ! c5tre "o is an angel sw++ a c5s]2 & 9 ! ext]ior ni*es are angels play+ on musical in/rum5ts4 ,at ! sides are figures ( sa9ts1 & at ! foot !re is a repres5tation ( a fea/1 :]e p]sons are se5 seat$ at table1 o!rs play+ on musical in/rum5ts1 :ile a figure kneel+ pres5ts a peacock4 ,! l5g? ( ?is brass is eight feet elev5 in*es1 & its bread? five feet two in*es4 ,x is suppos$ to h be5 execut$ 9 ,fl&]s1 ) :i* c\ntry at t p]iod ! t[n ( ,lynn 0 closely connect$ 9 ! way ( trade4,i-#cj ,footnote ,i-#cj3 ,an excell5t repres5tation ( ?is celebrat$ monum5t is giv5 9 ,cotman's 8,engrav+s f ! mo/ rem>kable ,sepul*ral ,brasses 9 ,norfolk10 folio1 #ahai 7republi%$ ) consid]able additions 9 #b vols4 folio1 #ahci74 ,x has frequ5tly be5 ass]t$ t ! art ( wood engrav+ 9 ,europe 0 d]iv$ f ! ,*9ese2 by :om1 x is also said1 t ! art 0 practis$ 9 ! reign ( ! r5[n$ emp]or ,wu-,wang1 :o fl\ri%$ #aabj ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,z bo? ^! /atem5ts seem to re/ on equal au?orities1 ,i atta* to ea* an equal degree ( cr$ibility2 t is1 by believ+ nei!r4 ,z ,mr4 ,ottley has express$ an op9ion 9 fav\r ( ! ,*9ese orig9 ( ! art1--?\gh )\t adopt+ ! tale ( its be+ practis$ 9 ! reign ( ,wu-,wang1 :i* he %[s has be5 tak5 by ! wrong end1--,i %all "h take ! lib]ty ( exam9+ ! t5ability ( 8 argum5ts4 ,at page #h1 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 "w1 ,mr4 ,ottley cauti\sly says t ! 8art ( pr9t+ f engrav$ blocks ( wood appe>s to be ( v high antiquity among/ ! ,*9ese20 & at page #i1 aft] cit+ ,du ,halde1 z in=m+ u t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 n discov]$ until ab\t fifty ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 he r inconsi/5tly obs]ves3 8,s says ,fa!r ,du ,halde1 ^: au?ority ,i give )\t any comm5t1 z ! def5ce ( ,*9ese *ronology makes no "p ( ! pres5t und]tak+40 ,unless ,mr4 ,ottley is satisfi$ ( ! correctness ( ! *ronology1 he c by no means cite ,du ,halde's acc\nt z evid5ce ( ! v high antiquity ( pr9t+ 9 ,*9a2 :i* 9 e o!r "p ( 8 book he speaks ( z a well-e/abli%$ fact1 & yet ref]s to no o!r au?ority ?an ,du ,halde1 :o relies on ! correctness ( t ,*9ese *ronology ) ! def5ce ( :i* ,mr4 ,ottley w h no?+ to d4 ,x is also wor?y ( rem>k1 t 9 ! same *apt] he corrects two writ]s1 ,papillon & ,jans51 = errone\sly apply+ a passage 9 ,du ,halde z prov+ t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 kn[n 9 ! reign ( ,wu-,wang1--he :o fl\ri%$ ,ante ,*ri/um #aabj2 :]eas ! said passage 0 n alleg$ 8by ,du ,halde to prove ! antiquity ( pr9t+ among/ ! ,*9ese1 b solely 9 ref]5ce to _! ink40 ,! passage1 z translat$ by ,mr4 ,ottley1 is z foll[s3 8,z ! /one ,me0 7a ^w signify+ ink 9 ! ,*9ese language71 8:i* is us$ to black5 ! engrav$ *>act]s1 c nev] become :ite2 s a he>t black5$ by vices w always reta9 its blackness40 ,! engrav$ *>act]s 7 n ink$1 x appe>s1 = ! purpose ( tak+ impressions1 z ,messrs4 ,papillon & ,jans5 h errone\sly inf]r$4 8,x is possible10 accord+ to ,mr4 ,ottley1 8t ! ink might be us$ by ! ,*9ese at a v e>ly p]iod to black51 & !reby r5d] m easily legible1 ! *>act]s ( engrav$ inscriptions40,i-#ca ,! possibility ( ?is may be grant$ c]ta9ly2 b at ! same "t we mu/ admit t x is equally possible t ! engrav$ *>act]s 7 black5$ ) ink = ! purpose ( be+ pr9t$1 if !y 7 ( wood2 or t1 if cut 9 copp] or o!r metal1 !y 7 fill$ ) a black composition :i* w\ld h>d5 or set 9 ! l9es1--z an +5i\s inquir] might inf] f ink be+ repres5t$ by ! /one ,,me2 & ?us x is possible t some?+ v l 8niello10 or ! fill+ ( lett]s on brass doorplates ) black wax1 0 kn[n to ! ,*9ese 9 ! reign ( ,wu-,wang1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! ye> be=e our ,"l1 #aabj4 ,! "o conjecture is z good z ! o!r1 & bo? good = no?+1 until we h bett] assurance ?an is af=d$ by ,du ,halde1 t engrav$ *>act]s black5$ ) ink--= :atev] purpose--7 kn[n by ! ,*9ese 9 ! reign ( ,wu-,wang4,i-#cb ,footnote ,i-#ca3 ,at page #g1 ,mr4 ,ottley1 borr[+ f ,du ,halde1 has errone\sly /at$ t ! delicate nature ( _! pap] w\ld n p]mit ! use ( a press4 ,he mu/ h =got1 = he _c b h kn[n1 t impressions on ! f9e/ ,india pap] _h be5 frequ5tly tak5 f wood-blocks by means ( ! common pr9t+-press _m ye>s previ\s to #ahaf1 ! date ( ! publication ( 8 book4 ,i h nev] se5 ,*9ese pap] t w\ld be> pr9t+ by h&1 :i* w\ld n also be> ! action ( ! press1 if pr9t$ )\t be+ wet 9 ! same mann] z common pap]4 ,footnote ,i-#cb3 ,x w\ld appe> t ,*9ese annali/s !mselves 7 n agre$ z to ! p]iod :5 pr9t+ by ! h& f wood-blocks 0 fir/ practis$ 9 t c\ntry4 8,ni*olas ,trigaltius1 a memb] ( our ord]10 writes ,h]man ,hugo1 8:o has rec5tly return$ f ,*9a1 gives ! foll[+ in=mation respect+ pr9t+1 :i* he pr(esses to h c>efully extract$ f ! annals ( ! ,*9ese !mselves4 #8,typography is ( some:at e>li] date 9 ,*9a ?an 9 ,europe1 = x is c]ta9 t x 0 practis$ 9 t c\ntry ab\t five c5turies ago4 ,o!rs ass]t t x 0 practis$ 9 ,*9a at a p]iod prior to ! ,*ri/ian era4'0--,h]mannus ,hugo1 ,de ,prima ,orig9e ,scrib5di1 p4 #baa4 ,antw]pi1 #afag4 ,al?\gh s little is positively kn[n ( ! anci5t hi/ory ( 8! great out-ly+ empire ( ,*9a10 z x is call$ by ,sir ,william ,jones1 yet x has be5 mo/ confid5tly ref]r$ to z af=d+ au!ntic evid5ce ( ! high degree ( ! civilization & k ( ! ,*9ese at a p]iod :5 ,europe 0 d>k ) ! gloom ( b>b>ism & ignorance4 ,_! e>ly hi/ory has be5 g5]ally f\nd1 :5 opportunity has be5 af=d$ ( imp>tially exam9+ x1 to be a m]e tissue ( absurd leg5ds2 comp>$ to :i*1 ! hi/ory ( ! settlem5t ( ,k+ ,brute 9 ,brita9 is au!ntic4 ,) a/ronomy z a sci5ce !y are sc>cely acqua9t$2 & _! specim5s ( ! f9e arts display little m ?an repres5tations ( objects execut$ n unfrequ5tly ) m9ute accuracy1 b )\t a k ( ! mo/ simple elem5ts ( correct design1 & )\t ! slighte/ pret5sions to art1 accord+ to our /&>d4 ,"o ( ! two ,mahometan travell]s :o visit$ ,*9a 9 ! n9? c5tury1 expressly /ates t ! ,*9ese 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! sci5ces2 & z nei!r ( !m takes any notice ( pr9t+1 ! m>9]'s compass1 or gunp[d]1 x seems b reasonable to conclude t ! ,*9ese 7 unacqua9t$ ) ^? inv5tions at t p]iod4,i-#cc ,footnote ,i-#cc3 ,! pret5sions ( ! ,*9ese to excell5ce 9 sci5ce are ably expos$ by ! le>n$ ,abb ,r5audot 9 a disquisition 8,sur les sci5ces des ,*9ois10 app5d$ to 8 translation1 f ! ,arabic1 entitl$ 8,anci5nes ,relations des ,indes et de la ,*9e1 de deux ,voyageurs ,mahomtans1 qui y allr5t dans le neuvime sicle40--#hvo4 ,p>is1 #agah4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 at pages #ea & #eb ( 8 "w1 gives a brief acc\nt ( ! e>ly comm]ce ( ,v5ice ) ! ,ea/1 = ! purpose ( %[+ 9 :at mann] a k ( ! art ( pr9t+ 9 ,*9a might be obta9$ by ! ,v5etians4 ,he says3 8,!y succe$$1 likewise1 9 e/abli%+ a direct traffic ) ,p]sia1 ,t>t>y1 ,*9a1 & ,japan2 s5d+1 = t purpose1 sev]al ( _! mo/ respectable citiz5s1 & l>gely provid+ !m ) e requisite40 ,he cites an ,italian au?or = ?is acc\nt1 b he obs]ves a prud5t sil5ce z to ! p]iod :5 ! ,v5etians fir/ e/abli%$ a direct traffic ) ,*9a & ,japan2 ?\gh !re is little d\bt t ,bett9elli1 ! au?ority ref]r$ to1 alludes to ! exp$ition ( ! two bro!rs ,niccolo & ,maffeo ,polo1 & ( ,m>co ,polo1 ! son ( ,niccolo1 :o 9 #abga or #abgb left ,v5ice on an exp$ition to ! c\rt ( ! ,t>t> emp]or ,kublai-,khan1 :i* _h be5 previ\sly visit$ by ! two bro!rs at "s p]iod betwe5 #abed & #abfi4;,i-#cd ,aft] hav+ visit$ ,t>t>y & ,*9a1 ! two bro!rs & ,m>co return$ to ,v5ice 9 #abie4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 h[ev]1 does n ref] to ! travels ( ! ,polos = ! purpose ( %[+ t ,m>co1 :o at a subsequ5t p]iod wrote an acc\nt ( 8 travels1 might introduce a k ( ! ,*9ese art ( pr9t+ into ,europe3 he cites !m t 8 read]s may suppose t a direct int]c\rse betwe5 ,v5ice & ,*9a _h be5 e/abli%$ long be=e2 & t ! art ( engrav+ wood-blocks1 & tak+ impressions f !m1 _h be5 ?us d]iv$ f ! latt] c\ntry1 & _h be5 practis$ 9 ,v5ice long be=e ! return ( ! travell]s 9 #abie4 ,footnote ,i-#cd3 ,see ! ,travels ( ,m>co ,polo4 7,9 ,bohn's ,antiq4 ,libr>y74 ,x is necess>y "h to obs]ve t ! inv5tion ( ! m>9]'s compass1 & ( gunp[d] & cannon1 h be5 ascrib$ to ! ,*9ese z well z ! inv5tion ( wood engrav+ & block-pr9t+2 & x has be5 conjectur$ t v probably ,m>co ,polo communicat$ to 8 c\ntrym51 & ?r\gh !m to ! re/ ( ,europe1 a k ( ^? arts4 ,m>co ,polo1 h[ev]1 does n 9 ! acc\nt :i* he wrote ( 8 travels once allude to gunp[d]1 cannon1 or to ! art ( pr9t+ z be+ kn[n 9 ,*9a2,i-#ce nor does he once m5tion ! compass z be+ us$ on bo>d ( ! ,*9ese vessel 9 :i* he sail$ f ! coa/ ( ,*9a to ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 8,no?+ is m common10 says a writ] 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 8?an to f9d x repeat$ f book to book1 t gunp[d] & ! m>9]'s compass 7 fir/ br\ght f ,*9a by ,m>co ,polo1 ?\gh !re c be v little d\bt t bo? 7 kn[n 9 ,europe "s "t be=e 8 return40--8,t ,m>co ,polo10 says ! same writ]1 8w\ld h m5tion$ ! m>9]'s compass1 if x _h be5 9 use 9 ,*9a1 we ?9k highly probable2 & 8 sil5ce respect+ gunp[d] may be consid]$ z at lea/ a negative pro( t ?is also 0 unkn[n to ! ,*9ese 9 ! "t ( ,kublai-,khan40,i-#cf ,9 a mann] widely diff]5t f ?is does ,mr4 ,ottley reason1 respect+ ! cause ( ,m>co ,polo n hav+ m5tion$ pr9t+ z an art practis$ by ! ,*9ese4 ,he acc\nts = ! travell]'s sil5ce z foll[s3 8,m>co ,polo1 x may be said1 did n notice ?is art ( engrav+ on wood & block-pr9t+ 9 ! acc\nt :i* he left u ( ! m>vels he _h witness$ 9 ,*9a4 ,! answ] to ?is objection is obvi\s3 x 0 no m>vel2 x _h no novelty to recomm5d x2 x 0 practis$1 z we h se51 at ,rav5na1 9 #abhe1 & _h p]haps be5 practis$ a c5tury e>li] 9 ,v5ice4 ,8 m5tion ( x1 !re=e1 0 n call$ =1 & he pref]r$ in/ruct+ 8 c\ntrym5 9 matt]s ) :i* !y 7 n hi!rto acqua9t$40 ,?is 8obvi\s0 answ]1 r un=tunately1 w equally apply to ! "q1 8,:y did n ,m>co ,polo m5tion cannon z be+ us$ by ! ,*9ese1 :o1 z we are in=m$1 _h discov]$ su* =midable eng9es ( w> long be=e ! p]iod ( 8 visit80 ,footnote ,i-#ce3 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t ! foll[+ passages 9 ! travels ( ,m>co ,polo might sugge/ ! idea ( block-pr9t+1 & consequ5tly wood engrav+3 8,gradatim reliquos belli duces 9 digniorem ponit /atum1 donatque illis aurea et arg5tea vasa1 tabulas1 privilegia atque immunitatem4 ,et hc quidem privilegia tabulis vel bracteis p] sculpturas imprimuntur40 8,moneta magni ,*am non fit de auro vel arg5to1 aut alio metallo1 s$ corticem accipiunt m$ium ab arbore mori1 et hunc consolidant1 atque 9 p>ticul> v>ias et rotundas1 magnas et p>vas1 sc9dunt1 atque regale imprimunt signum40--,m4 ,pauli ,v5eti ,it9]4 lib4 ii4 capp4 vii4 xxi4 ,! m5tion ( pap] money impress$ ) ! royal /amp also occurs 9 ! ,ea/]n ,hi/ory ( ,hay?on1 an ,arm5ian1 ^: "w 0 writt5 9 #acjg1 9 ,lat91 & has be5 pr9t$ sev]al times1 ( :i* ! la/ edition is by ,&4 ,mll]1 ,colon4 #afga1 #dto4 ,footnote ,i-#cf3 ,an article on ,m>sd5's 8,translation ( ! ,travels ( ,m>co ,polo10 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,no4 xli4 ,may1 #ahai1 f p4 #aia to #aie1 conta9s "s curi\s p>ticul>s respect+ ! e>ly use ( ! m>9]'s compass1 & ( gunp[d] & cannon 9 ,europe4 ,t ! art ( engrav+ wood-blocks & ( tak+ impressions f !m 0 introduc$ into ,europe f ,*9a1 ,i c see no suffici5t reason to believe4 ,look+ at ! frequ5t practice 9 ,europe1 f ! twelf? to ! fifte5? c5tury1 ( impress+ ink$ /amps on pap]1 ,i c p]ceive no?+ 9 ! e>lie/ specim5s ( wood engrav+ b ! same pr9ciples appli$ on a l>g] scale4 ,:5 ,i am once satisfi$ t a man _h built a small boat1 ,i feel no surprise on le>n+ t 8 gr&son _h built a l>g]2 & made 9 x a long] voyage ?an 8 ance/or ev] v5tur$ on1 :o m]ely us$ 8 slight skiff to f]ry himself across a riv]4 ,9 ! fir/ volume ( ,papillon's 8,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois10 !re is an acc\nt ( c]ta9 old wood engrav+s :i* he pr(esses to h se51 & :i*1 accord+ to _! engrav$ explanatory title1 7 execut$ by two notable "y p1 ,alex&] ,alb]ic ,cunio1 knight1 & ,isabella ,cunio1 8 tw9 si/]1 & f9i%$ by !m :5 !y 7 only sixte5 ye>s old1 at ! "t :5 ,honorius ,,iv4 0 pope2 t is1 at "s p]iod betwe5 ! ye>s #abhe & #abhg4 ,?is /ory has be5 adopt$ by ,mr4 ,ottley1 & by ,zani1 an ,italian1 :o give x ! b5efit ( _! support4 ,mr4 ,s+]1 9 8 8,rese>*es into ! ,hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds10 grants ! tru?-l appe>ance ( ,papillon's tale2 & ! writ] ( ! article 8,wood-engrav+0 9 ! ,encyclop$ia ,metropolitana consid]s x z au!ntic4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 treat$ ) contempt by ,he9ek51 ,hub]1 & ,b>ts*1 ^: k ( ! orig9 & progress ( engrav+ is at lea/ equal to t ( ! f\r writ]s previ\sly nam$4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,papillon recov]$ 8 memor&a ( ! works ( ! ,cunio is rem>kable4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^? curi\s notes be+ mislaid = upw>ds ( ?irty-five ye>s1 ! sole record ( ! productions ( ^? 8+5i\s & amiable tw9s0 0 v ne>ly lo/ to ! _w4 ,! ?ree %eets ( lett]-pap] on :i* he _h writt5 an acc\nt ( c]ta9 old volumes ( wood engrav+s1--t conta9+ ! cuts execut$ by ! ,cunio be+ "o ( ! numb]1--he _h lo/ = upw>ds ( ?irty-five ye>s4 ,= long he _h only a confus$ idea ( ^? %eets1 ?\gh he _h (t5 se>*$ = !m 9 va91 :5 he 0 writ+ 8 fir/ essay on wood engrav+1 :i* 0 pr9t$ ab\t #agcg1 b nev] publi%$4 ,at l5g? he accid5tally f\nd !m1 on ,all-,sa9ts' ,day1 #ageh1 roll$ up 9 a bundle ( specim5s ( pap]-hang+s :i* _h be5 execut$ by 8 fa!r4 ,! f9d+ ( ^? ?ree %eets af=d$ him ! great] pleasure1 z f !m he discov]$1 by means ( a pope's "n1 an epo* ( engrav+ figures & lett]s on wood = ! purpose ( be+ pr9t$1 :i* 0 c]ta9ly mu* e>li] ?an any at t p]iod kn[n 9 ,europe1 & at ! same "t a hi/ory relative to ?is subject equally curi\s & int]e/+4 ,he says t he _h s completely =gott5 all ?is1--?\gh he _h s (t5 recollect$ to se>* = 8 memor&a1--t he did n deign to take ! lea/ notice ( x 9 8 previ\sly pr9t$ hi/ory ( ! art4 ,! foll[+ is a fai?ful ab/ract ( ,papillon's acc\nt ( 8 discov]y ( ^? e>ly specim5s ( wood engrav+4 ,! title-page1 z giv5 by him 9 ,fr5* f ,monsieur ,de ,gr$]'s viv voce translation ( ! orig9al1--:i* 0 8en mauvais ,lat9 ou anci5 ,itali5 ,go?ique1 avec beauc\p d'abrviations10--is translat$ )\t abridgm5t1 z are also 8 own descriptions ( ! cuts4 8,:5 "y1 be+ engag$ ) my fa!r 9 go+ almo/ e day to hang rooms ) our pap]s1 ,i 01 "s "t 9 #agai or #agbj1 at ! village ( ,bagneux1 ne> ,mont ,r\ge1 at a ,monsieur ,de ,gr$]'s1 a ,swiss capta91 :o _h a pretty h\se !re4 ,aft] ,i _h pap]$ a small room = him1 he ord]$ me to cov] ! %elves ( 8 libr>y ) pap] 9 imitation ( mosaic4 ,"o day aft] d9n] he surpris$ me read+ a book1 :i* occasion$ him to %[ me "s v old ones :i* he _h borr[$ ( "o ( 8 fri5ds1 a ,swiss (fic]1,i-#cg t he might exam9e !m at 8 leisure4 ,we talk$ ab\t ! figures :i* !y conta9$1 & ( ! antiquity ( wood engrav+2 & :at foll[s is a description ( ^? anci5t books z ,i wrote x be=e him1 & z he 0 s k9d z to expla9 & dictate to me4 ,footnote ,i-#cg3 ,a ,monsieur ,spir*tvel1 z ,papillon in=ms u4 ,tom4 i4 p4 #ib4 8,9 a c>t\*,i-#ch or frontispiece1--( fanciful & ,go?ic ornam5ts1 ?\gh pleas+ en\gh1--n9e in*es wide1 & six in*es high1 hav+ at ! top ! arms1 d\btless1 ( ,cunio1 ! foll[+ words are co>sely engrav$ on ! same block1 9 bad ,lat91 or anci5t ,go?ic ,italian ) _m abbreviations4 ,footnote ,i-#ch3 ,c>t\*4 8,?is ^w is us$ to d5ote ^? fanta/ic ornam5ts :i* 7 =m]ly introduc$ 9 decorat+ ! wa9scots ( rooms2 & frequ5tly s]v$ ! purpose ( frames1 surr\nd+ inscriptions1 small pa9t+s1 or o!r devices4 ,^! c>t\*es 7 mu* 9 vogue 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies = ! frontispieces ( books ( pr9ts2 & inde$ ,callot & ,della ,bella et*$ _m entire sets ( small subjects surr\nd$ by simil> ornam5ts4 ,f ! irregul>ity ( _! =ms1 ! t]ms tablet %ield1 or panel1 w\ld be b ill expressive ( _! "*40--,ottley's ,inquiry1 vol4 i4 p4 #ab4 8#8,,! ,,*ivalr\s ,,de$s1 9 figures1 ( ! great & magnanim\s ,mac$onian k+1 ! c\rage\s & valiant ,alex&]1 d$icat$1 pres5t$1 & humbly (f]$ to ! mo/ holy fa!r1 ,pope ,honorius ,,iv4 ! glory & /ay ( ! ,*ur*1 & to our illu/ri\s & g5]\s fa!r & "m1 by u ,alex&] ,alb]ic ,cunio1 knight1 & ,isabella ,cunio1 tw9 bro!r & si/]2 fir/ r$uc$1 imag9$1 & attempt$ to be execut$ 9 relief ) a little knife1 on blocks ( wood1 jo9$ & smoo!d by ?is le>n$ & belov$ si/]1 cont9u$ & f9i%$ toge!r at ,rav5na1 aft] eight pictures ( our design+1 pa9t$ six times ! size "h repres5t$2 cut1 expla9$ 9 v]se1 & ?us m>k$ on pap] to multiply ! numb]1 & to enable u to pres5t !m z a tok5 ( fri5d%ip & affection to our relations & fri5ds4 ,?is 0 done & f9i%$1 ! age ( ea* be+ only sixte5 ye>s complete4'0 ,aft] hav+ giv5 ! translation ( ! title-page1 ,papillon ?us cont9ues ! n>rative 9 8 own p]son3 8,?is c>t\* or ornam5t$ title-page is surr\nd$ by a co>se l9e1 ! t5? ( an in* broad1 =m+ a squ>e4 ,a few slight l9es1 :i* are irregul>ly execut$ & )\t precision1 =m ! %ad+ ( ! ornam5ts4 ,! impression1 9 ! same mann] z ! re/ ( ! cuts1 has be5 tak5 9 ,indian blue1 r pale1 & 9 di/emp]1 app>5tly by ! h& be+ pass$ frequ5tly ov] ! pap] laid ^u ! block1 z c>d-mak]s are accu/om$ to impress _! addresses & ! envelopes ( _! c>ds4 ,! holl[ p>ts ( ! block1 n be+ suffici5tly cut away 9 sev]al places1 & hav+ receiv$ ! ink1 h sme>$ ! pap]1 :i* is r br[n2 a circum/ance :i* has caus$ ! foll[+ words to be writt5 9 ! m>g9 und]nea?1 t ! fault might be rem$i$4 ,!y are 9 ,go?ic ,italian1 :i* ,m4 de ,gr$] _h consid]able difficulty 9 mak+ out1 & c]ta9ly writt5 by ! h& ei!r ( ! ,*evali] ,cunio or 8 si/]1 on ?is fir/ pro(--evid5tly f a block--su* z are "h translat$40 8#8,x is necess>y to cut away ! gr\nd ( ! blocks m1 t ! pap] may n t\* x 9 tak+ impressions4'0 8,foll[+ ?is frontispiece1 & ( ! same size1 are ! subjects ( ! eight pictures1 engrav$ on wood1 surr\nd$ by a simil> l9e =m+ a squ>e1 & also ) ! %ad[s =m$ ( slight l9es4 ,at ! foot ( ea* ( ^? engrav+s1 betwe5 ! bord]-l9e & ano!r1 ab\t a f+]'s bread? di/ant1 are f\r ,lat9 v]ses engrav$ on ! block1 poetically expla9+ ! subject1 ! title ( :i* is plac$ at ! head4 ,9 all1 ! impression is simil> to t ( ! frontispiece1 & r grey or cl\dy1 z if ! pap] _h n be5 moi/5$4 ,! figures1 tol]ably design$1 ?\gh 9 a semi-go?ic ta/e1 are well en\gh *>act]iz$ & drap$2 & we may p]ceive f !m t ! arts ( design 7 !n beg9n+ gradually to resume _! vig\r 9 ,italy4 ,at ! feet ( ! pr9cipal figures _! names are engrav$1 su* z ,alex&]1 ,philip1 ,d>ius1 ,campaspe1 & o!rs40 8,,subject #a4--;,alex&] m\nt$ on ,bucephalus1 :i* he has tam$4 ,on a /one are ^! words3 ,isabel4 ,cunio p9x4 scalp40 8,,subject #b4--,passage ( ! ,granicus4 ,ne> ! trunk ( a tree ^! words are engrav$3 ,alex4 ,alb4 ,cunio ,equ4 p9x4 ,isabel ,cunio scalp40 8,,subject #c4--;,alex&] cutt+ ! ,gordian knot4 ,on ! p$e/al ( a column are ^! words3 ,alexan4 ,albe4 ,cunio ,equ4 p9x4 scalp4 ,?is block is n s well engrav$ z ! two prec$+40 8,,subject #d4--;,alex&] 9 ! t5t ( ,d>ius4 ,?is subject is "o ( ! be/ compos$ & engrav$ ( ! :ole set4 ,^u ! end ( a piece ( clo? are ^! words3 ,isabel4 ,cunio p9xit scalp40 8,,subject #e4--;,alex&] g5]\sly pres5ts 8 mi/ress ,campaspe to ,apelles :o 0 pa9t+ h]4 ,! figure ( ?is beauty is v agreeable4 ,! pa9t] seems transport$ ) joy at 8 good =tune4 ,on ! floor1 on a k9d ( antique tablet1 are ^! words3 ,alex4 ,alb4 ,cunio ,eques1 p9x4 scalp40 8,,subject #f4--,! fam\s battle ( ,arbela4 ,^u a small hillock are ^! words3 ,alex4 ,alb4 ,equ4 ,isabel4 pictor4 & scalp4 ,= composition1 design1 & engrav+1 ?is subject is also "o ( ! be/40 8,,subject #g4--,porus1 vanqui%$1 is br\ght be=e ,alex&]4 ,?is subject is s mu* ! m beautiful & rem>kable1 z x is compos$ ne>ly 9 ! same mann] z t ( ! fam\s ,le ,brun2 x w\ld seem t he _h copi$ ?is pr9t4 ,bo? ,alex&] & ,porus h a gr& & magnanim\s air4 ,on a /one ne> a bu% are engrav$ ^! words3 ,isabel4 ,cunio p9x4 scalp40 8,,subject #h ,,& ,,la/4--,! glory & gr& triumph ( ,alex&] on ent]+ ,babylon4 ,?is piece1 :i* is well en\gh compos$1 has be5 execut$1 z well z ! six?1 by ! bro!r & si/] conjo9tly1 z is te/ifi$ by ^! *>act]s engrav$ at ! bottom ( a wall3 ,alex4 ,alb4 ,equ4 et ,isabel4 ,cunio1 pictor4 scalp4 ,at ! top ( ?is impression1 a piece ab\t ?ree in*es long & "o in* broad has be5 torn (f40 ,h[ev] s+ul> ! above acc\nt ( ! works ( ^? 8amiable tw9s0 may seem1 no less surpris+ is ! hi/ory ( _! bir?1 p>5tage1 & education2 :i*1 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! e>ly developm5t ( _! tal5ts z display$ 9 su* an art1 9 ! *oice ( su* a subject1 & at su* a p]iod1 is sc>cely to be surpass$ 9 int]e/ by any n>rative :i* gives piquancy to ! pages ( ! ,wond]ful ,magaz9e4 ,^u ! blank leaf adjo9+ ! la/ engrav+ 7 ! foll[+ words1 badly writt5 9 old ,swiss *>act]s1 & sc>cely legible 9 consequ5ce ( _! hav+ be5 writt5 ) pale ink4 8,( c\rse ,papillon c\ld n read ,swiss10 says ,mr4 ,ottley1 8,m4 de ,gr$]1 !re=e1 translat$ !m = him into ,fr5*40--8,?is preci\s volume 0 giv5 to my gr&fa!r ,jan4 ,jacq4 ,tur9e1 a native ( ,b]ne1 by ! illu/ri\s ,c\nt ,cunio1 *ief magi/rate ( ,imola1 :o hon\r$ him ) 8 g5]\s fri5d%ip4 ,above all my books ,i prize ?is ! highe/ on acc\nt ( ! qu>t] f :5ce x came into our family1 & on acc\nt ( ! k1 ! val\r1 ! beauty1 & ! noble & g5]\s desire :i* ^? amiable tw9s ,cunio _h to gratify _! relations & fri5ds4 ,"h ensues _! s+ul> & curi\s hi/ory z ,i h he>d x _m a "t f my v5]able fa!r1 & :i* ,i h caus$ to be m correctly writt5 ?an ,i c\ld d x myself40 ,?\gh ,papillon's long-lo/ manuscript1 conta9+ ! :ole acc\nt ( ! works ( ! ,cunio & notices ( o!r old books ( engrav+s1 consi/$ ( only ?ree %eets ( lett]-pap]1 yet ! hi/ory alone ( ! le>n$1 beautiful1 & amiable tw9s1 :i* ,tur9e ! gr&son caus$ to be writt5 out z he _h he>d x f 8 fa!r1 occupies 9 ,papillon's book f\r long octavo pages ( ?irty-eight l9es ea*4 ,to assume t 8 long-lo/ manuscript consi/$ ( brief notes :i* he aft]w>ds wrote out at l5g? f memory1 w\ld at once de/roy any validity t 8 acc\nt might be suppos$ to possess2 = he /ates t he _h lo/ ^? pap]s = upw>ds ( ?irty five ye>s1 & _h entirely =gott5 _! cont5ts4 ,)\t tr\bl+ myself to transcribe ! :ole ( ?is *oice morsel ( ,fr5* ,romance conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( ! 8amiable tw9s0 ,cunio1--! surpris+ beauty1 tal5ts1 & accompli%m5ts ( ! maid51--! e>ly dea? ( h]self & h] lov]1--! h]oism ( ! y\?ful knight1 ,alex&] ,alb]ic ,cunio1 display$ :5 only f\rte5 ye>s old1--,i %all give a brief ab/ract ( "s ( ! passages :i* seem mo/ important to ! pres5t inquiry4,i-#ci ,footnote ,i-#ci3 ,read]s ( ,fr5* romances w f9d ! tale ( ! ,cunio at p4 #hi1 tom4 i4 ( ,papillon's 8,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois10 or at p4 #ag1 vol4 i4 ( ,mr4 ,ottley's 8,hi/ory ( ,engrav+40 ,f ?is n>rative1--:i* ,papillon in=ms u 0 writt5 9 a mu* bett] h&1 ?\gh also 9 ,swiss *>act]s1 & ) mu* black] ink ?an ,tur9e ! gr&son's own memor&um1--we obta9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 ,! ,c\nt de ,cunio1 fa!r ( ! tw9s1 0 m>ri$ to _! "m1 a noble maid5 ( ,v]ona & a relation ( ,pope ,honorius ,,iv4 )\t ! k ( _! p>5ts1 :o1 on discov]+ :at _h happ5$1 caus$ ! m>riage to be annull$1 & ! prie/ by :om x 0 celebrat$ to be bani%$4 ,! divorc$ wife1 dread+ ! ang] ( h] own fa!r1 s\ght an asylum ) "o ( h] aunts1 "u ^: ro( %e 0 br\ght to b$ ( tw9s4 ,?\gh ! eld] ,cunio _h compell$ 8 son to esp\se ano!r wife1 he yet all[$ him to educate ! tw9s1 :o 7 mo/ affectionately receiv$ & *]i%$ by _! fa!r's new wife4 ,! *ildr5 made a/oni%+ progress 9 ! sci5ces1 m especially ! girl ,isabella1 :o at ?irte5 ye>s ( age 0 reg>d$ z a prodigy2 = %e und]/ood1 & wrote ) correctness1 ! ,lat9 language2 %e compos$ excell5t v]ses1 und]/ood geometry1 0 acqua9t$ ) music1 c\ld play on sev]al in/rum5ts1 & _h begun to design & to pa9t ) correctness1 ta/e1 & delicacy4 ,h] bro!r ,alb]ic1 ( a beauty z ravi%+ z 8 si/]'s1 & "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ y\?s 9 ,italy1 at ! age ( f\rte5 c\ld manage ! great horse1 & und]/ood ! practice ( arms & all o!r ex]cises befitt+ a "y man ( quality4 ,he also und]/ood ,lat91 & c\ld pa9t well4 ,! tr\bles 9 ,italy hav+ caus$ ! ,c\nt ,cunio to take up arms1 8 son1 "y ,alex&] ,alb]ic1 accompani$ him to ! field to make 8 fir/ campaign4 ,?\gh n m ?an f\rte5 ye>s old1 he 0 entru/$ ) ! comm& ( a squadron ( tw5ty-five horse1 ) :i*1 z 8 fir/ essay 9 w>1 he attack$ & put to flight ne> two hundr$ ( ! enemy4 ,8 c\rage hav+ c>ri$ him too f>1 he 0 surr\nd$ by ! fugitives1 f :om1 h[ev]1 he f\ght himself cle> )\t any fur!r injury ?an a w\nd 9 8 left arm4 ,8 fa!r1 :o _h ha/5$ to 8 succ\r1 f\nd him return+ ) ! enemy's bann]1 :i* he _h wrapp$ ab\t 8 w\nd4 ,delight$ at ! val\r display$ by 8 son1 ! ,c\nt ,cunio knight$ him on ! spot4 ,! "y man !n ask$ p]mission to visit 8 "m1 :i* 0 readily grant$ by ! c\nt1 :o 0 pleas$ to h ?is opportunity ( te/ify+ ! love & e/eem he /ill reta9$ t[>ds t noble & afflict$ lady1 :o cont9u$ to reside ) h] aunt2 ( :i* he c]ta9ly w\ld h giv5 h] m conv9c+ pro(s1 n[ t 8 fa!r 0 dead1 by re-e/abli%+ _! m>riage & publicly esp\s+ h]1 if he _h n be5 9 duty b\nd to *]i% ! wife :om he _h be5 compell$ to m>ry1 & :o _h n[ borne him a l>ge family4 ,aft] ,alex&] ,alb]ic _h visit$ 8 "m1 he return$ home1 & %ortly aft] began1 toge!r ) 8 si/] ,isabella1 to design & "w ^u ! pictures ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ,alex&]4 ,he !n made a second campaign ) 8 fa!r1 aft] :i* he cont9u$ to employ himself on ! pictures 9 conjunction ) ,isabella1 :o attempt$ 9 r$uce !m & engrave !m on wood4 ,aft] ! engrav+s 7 f9i%$1 & copies _h be5 pr9t$ & giv5 to ,pope ,honorius1 & _! relations & fri5ds1 ,alex&] ,alb]ic proce$$ aga9 to jo9 ! army1 accompani$ by ,p&ulphio1 a "y nobleman1 :o 0 9 love ) ! *>m+ ,isabella4 ,?is 0 8 la/ campaign1 = he 0 kill$ 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 fri5d1 :o 0 dang]\sly w\nd$ 9 def5d+ him4 ,he 0 sla9 :5 n m ?an n9ete52 & 8 si/] 0 s affect$ by 8 dea? t %e resolv$ nev] to m>ry1 & di$ :5 %e 0 sc>cely tw5ty4 ,! dea? ( ?is lovely & le>n$ "y lady 0 foll[$ by t ( h] lov]1 :o _h fondly hop$ t %e w\ld make him happy4 ,! "m ( ^? amiable tw9s 0 n long 9 foll[+ !m to ! grave1 be+ unable to survive ! loss ( h] *ildr54 ,! ,c\ntess de ,cunio took s]i\sly ill at ! loss ( ,isabella1 b =tunately recov]$2 & x 0 only ! c\nt's gr&eur ( s\l t sav$ him f fall+ sick also4 ,"s ye>s aft] ?is1 ,c\nt ,cunio gave ! copy ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ,alex&]1 9 its pres5t b9d+1 to ! gr&fa!r ( ! p]son :o caus$ ?is acc\nt to be writt54 ,! b9d+1 accord+ to ,papillon's description ( x1 01 = ! p]iod1 little less rem>kable ?an ! cont5ts4 8,?is anci5t & ,go?ic b9d+10 z ,papillon's note is translat$ by ,mr4 ,ottley4 8is made ( ?9 tablets ( wood1 cov]$ ) lea!r1 & ornam5t$ ) fl[]$ comp>tm5ts1 :i* appe> simply /amp$ & m>k$ ) an iron a little w>m$1 )\t any gild+40 ,x is rem>kable t ?is s+ul> volume %\ld af=d n only specim5s ( wood engrav+1 e>li] by upw>ds ( a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s ?an any :i* are hi!rto kn[n1 b t ! b9d+1 ( ! same p]iod z ! engrav+s1 %\ld also be su* z is r>ely1 if ev]1 to be met ) till upw>ds ( "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ! wond]ful tw9s 7 dead4 ,z ?is volume is no long] to be f\nd1 z no m5tion is made ( su* a "w by any old writ]1 & z ano!r copy has n be5 discov]$ 9 any ( ! libr>ies ( ,italy1 nor ! lea/ trace ( "o ev] hav+ be5 !re1 ! evid5ce ( its ev] hav+ exi/$ re/s solely on ! acc\nt giv5 ( x by ,papillon4 ,be=e say+ a ^w respect+ ! cr$it to be atta*$ to ?is witness1 or ! props ) :i* ,zani & ,ottley endeav\r to support 8 te/imony1 ,i %all attempt to %[ t ! acc\nt af=ds int]nal evid5ce ( its own falsehood4 ,be=e notic+ ! description ( ! subjects1 ,i %all /ate a few objections to ! acc\nt ( ! tw9s z writt5 out by ord] ( ! y\nge/ ,tur9e1 ! gr&son ( ,jan4 ,jacq4 ,tur9e1 :o receiv$ ! volume f ,c\nt ,cunio himself1 ! fa!r ( ! tw9s1 a few ye>s aft] _! dea?1 :i* c\ld n well happ5 lat] ?an #abia2 z ,pope ,honorius1 to :om _! "w 0 d$icat$ :5 !y 7 sixte5 ye>s old1 di$ 9 #abhg1 & ,isabella ,cunio1 :o surviv$ h] bro!r1 di$ :5 %e 0 n m ?an tw5ty4 ,suppos+ t ,c\nt ,cunio gave ! volume to 8 fri5d1 ,j4 ,j4 ,tur9e1 a native ( ,b]ne1 9 #acjj1 & t ! gr&son ( ! latt] caus$ ! hi/ory ( ! tw9s to be writt5 out eighty ye>s aft]w>ds1--& we _c fairly assume t x 0 writt5 lat]1 if inde$ s late1--we h ?us #achj z ! date ( ! acc\nt writt5 89 old ,swiss *>act]s1 9 a bett] h&1 & ) mu* black] ink10 ?an ! own]'s own memor&um ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! volume came into 8 family1 & 8 reasons = priz+ x s highly4 ,! probable date ( ! pret5d$ ,swiss hi/ory ( ! ,cunio1 ,papillon's advocates c>efully keep out ( sight2 = :at imp>tial p]son c\ld believe t a ,swiss ( ! f\rte5? c5tury c\ld give utt]ance to ! s5tim5tal fu/ian :i* =ms s consid]able a portion ( ! acc\nt8 ,( ! "y knight ,cunio he kn[s e movem5t2 he is acqua9t$ ) 8 visit to 8 repudiat$ "m2 he kn[s 9 :i* arm he 0 w\nd$2 ! numb] ( m5 t he lo/1 :5 ) only five-&-tw5ty he r\t$ two hundr$2 ! "n ( ,isabella's lov]2 ! illness & happy recov]y ( ,c\nt ,cunio's wife1 & c tell ! cause :y ! c\nt himself did n fall sick4 ,to any p]son :o reflects on ! doctr9e ( ! *ur* ( ,rome 9 ! article ( m>riage1 x c]ta9ly mu/ appe> /range t ! p>5ts ( ! ,c\nt ,cunio & 8 fir/ wife1 ! "m ( ! tw9s1 %\ld h _h ! p[] ( dissolv+ ! m>riage & ( bani%+ ! prie/ by :om x 0 solemniz$2 & /ill m s+ul> x is t ! ,c\nt ,cunio1 :om we mu/ suppose to h be5 a good ,ca?olic1 %\ld speak1 aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 ( re-e/abli%+ 8 m>riage ) 8 fir/ wife & ( publicly esp\s+ h]2 & t he %\ld make su* a communication to h] ?r\gh ! m$ium ( h] son1 :o1 z well z 8 si/]1 mu/ h be5 decl>$ illegitimate by ! v fact ( _! "m's divorce4 ,x is also /range t ?is piece ( family hi/ory %\ld come to ! k ( ! gr&son ( ,jan4 ,jacq4 ,tur9e4 ,! ,c\nt ,cunio's second m>riage surely mu/ h be5 canonically legal1 if ! fir/ 7 n2 & if s1 x w\ld n be a s5se ( duty alone to 8 second wife t w\ld prev5t him divorc+ h] & re-m>ry+ ! fir/4 ,on su* subjects ! *ur* 0 to be consult$2 & to su* play+ fa/-&-loose ) ! sacram5t ( m>riage ! *ur* said 8,,no40 ,tak+ ^! circum/ances into consid]ation1 ,i c come to no o!r conclusion ?an t1 on ?is po9t1 ! writ] ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,cunio did n speak tru?2 & t ! pap] conta9+ su* hi/ory1 ev5 if x c\ld be produc$1 is n g5u9e1 z e o!r "p ( x :i* has ! slighte/ be>+ on ! po9t at issue1 is equally1 if n m1 improbable4 ,) respect to ! cuts pret5d$ to be execut$ by ! tw9s !mselves1 ,i %all waive any objections :i* might be urg$ on ! gr\nd ( x be+ unlikely t !y %\ld be execut$ by a boy & a girl s "y4 ,suppos+ t ! tw9s 7 z le>n$ & accompli%$ z !y are repres5t$1 /ill x w\ld be a v surpris+ circum/ance t1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 !y %\ld h execut$ a s]ies ( wood engrav+s ( ! actions ( ,alex&] ! ,great z an appropriate pres5t to ! pope2 & t ! composition ( "o ( ^? subjects1 ,no4 #g1 %\ld s closely resemble "o ( ,le ,brun's--an arti/ rem>kable = ! complication ( 8 designs--t x w\ld seem he _h copi$ ?is v pr9t4 ,some?+ l ! rev]se ( ?is is m probable2 t ! description ( ! pret5d$ "w ( ! ,cunio 0 sugge/$ by ! designs ( ,le ,brun4,i-#dj ,! execution ( a set ( designs1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 illu/rat+ ! actions ( ,alex&] 9 ! mann] describ$ by ,papillon1 w\ld be a r>ity inde$ ev5 if n engrav$ on wood2 b t a s]ies ( wood engrav+s1 & n a sa9t 9 "o ( !m1 %\ld be execut$ by a boy & a girl1 & pres5t$ to a pope1 9 #abhf1 is sc>cely %ort ( miracul\s4 ,! tw9s mu/ h be5 well read 9 ,qu9tus ,curtius4 ,?\gh we are in=m$ t bo? 7 skill$ 9 ! ,lat9 language1 yet x pla9ly appe>s on two occasions1 :5 we might suppose t !y w\ld be lea/ liable to trip1 t _! ,lat9ity is que/ionable4 ,! six? & ! eigh? subjects1 :i* 7 accompli%$ by _! jo9t ef=ts1 are describ$ z be+ m>k$3 ,alex4 ,alb4 ,equ4 et ,isabel1 ,cunio pictor4 et scalp4 8,?us pa9t]s did n write _! names at ,co40 ,footnote ,i-#dj3 ,( ,le ,brun's five subjects illu/rative ( ! actions ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 f\r ( !m are precisely ! same z f\r ( ^? said to be execut$ by ! ,cunio3 #a4 ,alex&] pass+ ! ,granicus2 #b4 ! battle ( ,arbela2 #c4 ! reception ( ,porus by ,alex&]2 #d4 ,alex&]'s triumphant entry into ,babylon4 ,!re c]ta9ly has be5 "s copy+ "h2 b x is m likely t ,papillon or 8 in=mant _h se5 ,le ,brun's pa9t+s1 ?an t ,le ,brun _h se5 ! orig9al wood engrav+s execut$ by ! ,cunio4 ,:y d n ! advocates ( ^? e>ly specim5s ( wood engrav+ 9 ,italy po9t out to _! read]s t ^! two *ildr5 7 ! fir/ :o ev] affix$ ! words p9x4 et scalp4 to a woodcut8 ,i *all5ge any believ] 9 ,papillon to po9t out a wood engrav+ on :i* ! words p9xit & scalpsit1 ! fir/ aft] ! pa9t]'s "n1 & ! second aft] ! engrav]'s1 appe> previ\s to #aehj4 ,?is app>5t copy+--& by a p]son ignorant ( ,lat9 too--( ! =mula ( a lat] p]iod1 is ( itself suffici5t to excite a suspicion ( =g]y2 &1 c\pl$ ) ! improbable circum/ances above relat$1 x irresi/ibly compels me to conclude t ! :ole acc\nt is a m]e fiction4 ,) respect to ! cr$ibility ( ,papillon1 ! sole evid5ce ^u :i* ! hi/ory ( ! wond]ful tw9s re/s1 ,i %all h occasion to say v few words4 ,t he 0 cr$ul\s1 & excessively va9 ( :at he consid]$ 8 discov]ies 9 ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+1 is admitt$ by ^? :o pr(ess to believe him4 ,he appe>s also f an e>ly age to h be5 subject to m5tal halluc9ation2 & 9 #agei1 ! ye> aft] he f\nd 8 pap]s conta9+ ! acc\nt ( ! ,cunio1 he _h a fit ( decid$ insanity :i* r5d]$ x necess>y to convey him to a mad-h\se1 :]e by copi\s ble$+ he soon recov]$ 8 s5ses4,i-#da ,to ^? int]e/$ 9 ! controv]sy ,i leave to decide h[ f> ! unsupport$ te/imony ( su* a p]son1 & 9 su* a case1 ought to be reli$ on4 ,h[ easily he might be deceiv$ on a subject relat+ to ! e>ly hi/ory ( 8 art1 x is n difficult to compreh5d2 & ev5 all[+ him to be s9c]e 9 ! belief ( :at he relat$1 he 0 a p]son v likely to occasionally deceive bo? himself & o!rs4,i-#db ,footnote ,i-#da3 ,f ! age ( sixte51 cruel & secret annoyances int]rupt$ 8 /udies2 %ortly aft] 8 m>riage1 9 #agbc1 8 abs5t mann] 0 a s\rce ( uneas9ess to 8 wife2 & 9 #agei he fairly lo/ 8 s5ses4 ,see ,papillon1 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 #hvo4 #agff1 ,preface1 p4 xi42 p4 #cce1 tom4 i4 et ,supplem5t1 p4 #ci4 ,footnote ,i-#db3 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t ,papillon1 :5 que/ion$ by ,he9ek51 :o call$ on him 9 ,p>is aft] ! publication ( 8 "w1 respect+ ! acc\nt ( ! ,cunio1 did n produce 8 ?ree %eets ( orig9al memor&a4 ,he might ?us h af=d$ a pro( ( 8 own good fai?1 by produc+ ! manuscript writt5 by him 9 #agbj f ! dictation ( ,capta9 de ,gr$]4 ,papillon's insanity _h be5 previ\sly adv]t$ to by ,he9ek52 & ?is writ]'s rem>ks h produc$ ! foll[+ correction f ,mr4 ,ottley3 8,he9ek5 takes "s pa9s to %[ t poor ,papillon 0 n 9 8 "r m9d2 &1 among/ 8 o!r argum5ts1 quotes a passage f 8 book1 t4 i4 p4 #cce1 9 :i* he says1 #8,p> un accid5t et une fatalit commune plusieurs graveurs1 aussi bi5 qu' moi1 ,le ,fevre e/ dev5u alin d'esprit3' z if a little pleasantry ( expression1 su* z ! ,fr5* writ]s1 especially1 h ev] felt !mselves at full lib]ty to indulge 91 c\ld really con/itute fit gr\nds = a /atute ( lunacy40,i-#dc ,_h ,mr4 ,ottley1 in/ead ( confid5tly correct+ ,he9ek5 :5 ! latt] _h /at$ no?+ b ! fact1 turn$ to ! cit$ page ( ,papillon's volume1 he w\ld !re h f\nd t ,papillon 0 indulg+ 9 no 8little pleasantry ( expression10 b 0 s]i\sly relat+ a melan*oly fact ( two bro!r arti/s los+ _! s5ses ab\t ! same "t z himself2 & _h he ev] read ! supplem5t1 or ?ird volume1 ( ,papillon's "w1 he w\ld h se51 at p4 #ci1 ! acc\nt :i* ,papillon himself gives ( 8 own insanity4 ,footnote ,i-#dc3 ,inquiry into ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 vol4 i4 p4 #bc4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( ! /ory z told by ,papillon1 x rema9s n[ to notice 8! le>n+ & deep rese>*0 ) :i* x has be5 support$ by ,zani1 & "s ( ! argum5ts :i* h be5 alleg$ 9 its fav\r by ,mr4 ,ottley4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,zani has discov]$ t a family ( ! "n ( ,cunio1 9 :i* ! "n ( ,alb]ico m ?an once occurs1 actually resid$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,rav5na at ! v p]iod m5tion$ 9 ! title-page to ! cuts by ! ,cunio1 & 9 ! hi/ory writt5 9 old ,swiss *>act]s4 ,^u ?is1 & o!r simil> pieces ( evid5ce1 ,mr4 ,ottley rem>ks z foll[s3 8,n[ bo? ^! cities ,rav5na & ,imola are 9 ! vic9ity ( ,fa5za1 :]e ! family1 or a bran* ( x1 is spok5 ( by writ]s ( und\bt$ cr$it 9 ! twelf?1 ! ?irte5?1 & ! f\rte5? c5turies4 ,^! circum/ances1 !re=e1 f> f furni%+ any j motive ( additional d\bt1 =m toge!r su* a phalanx ( corroborative evid5ce 9 support ( ! /ory1 z1 9 my op9ion1 ^? :o w\ld impea* ! tru? ( ,papillon's /atem5t c nev] break ?r\gh40 8,argal10 ,r[ley's poems are g5u9e1 because su* a p]son z 8,mai/re ,william ,canynge0 liv$ at ,bri/ol at ! p]iod :5 he is m5tion$ by ! pseudo ,r[ley4 ,zani1 h[ev]1 un=tunately = 8 own argum5t1 let u "k t ! names & resid5ce ( ! family ( ! ,cunio might be obta9$ f 8,tonduzzi's ,hi/ory ( ,fa5za10 pr9t$ 9 #afge4 ,:e!r ?is book appe>$ 9 ,fr5*1 or n1 previ\s to ! publication ( ,papillon's works1 ,i h n be5 able to le>n2 b a ,swiss capta91 :o c\ld read 8old ,go?ic ,italian10 w\ld c]ta9ly f9d little difficulty 9 pick+ a c\ple ( names out ( a mod]n ,italian volume4 ,! reason+ faculties ( ,signor ,zani appe> to h be5 v imp]fectly develop$1 = he cites ! foll[+ z a case 9 po9t2 & ,mr4 ,ottley1 :o gives x 9 8 text1 seems to concur 9 its applicability4 ,he is notic+ ! objections :i* h be5 made to ,papillon's acc\nt1 on ! gr\nd ( no previ\s au?or m5tion+ ! exi/5ce ( su* a "w1 & t no p]son subsequ5tly _h ev] se5 a copy4 ,zani's argum5t1 z giv5 by ,mr4 ,ottley1,i-#dd is z foll[s3 8,he1 h[ev]1 :o %\ld reason 9 ?is mann]1 might1 ^u ! same gr\nds1 d5y ! loss ( _m manuscripts1 & ev5 ( pr9t$ books1 :i*1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( cr$ible au?ors1 h become a prey to ! flames1 or h p]i%$ dur+ ! an>*y ( revolutions1 or ! di/resses occasion$ by w>s4 ,! le>n$ "p ( my read]s w n require examples4 ,nev]!less1 let him :o wants su* conviction se>* ?r\gh\t all ! libr>ies ( ,europe = ! "w entitl$ #8,m$itationes ,rev]5dissimi patris ,dom9i ,johannis de ,turre-cremata1' pr9t$ at ,rome by ,ulri* ,hahn1 9 #adfg1 & he w pres5tly be in=m$ by ! le>n$ libr>ians1 t ( t edition !re exi/s b "o copy1 :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,nuremb]g4 ,?is book is1 !re=e1 unique4,i-#de ,n[ let u suppose t1 by "s accid5t1 ?is book %\ld p]i%2 c\ld our desc5dants on t acc\nt d5y t x ev] _h exi/$80 ,& ?is is a corroborative argum5t 9 support ( ! tru? ( ,papillon's tale6 ,! comm5t1 h[ev]1 is wor?y ( ! text4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ,ulri* ,hahn's edition ( ,turre-cremata appe>$ t5 ye>s aft] ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt]1 ( ! date #adeg1 0 pr9t$2 & t ! exi/5ce ( sev]al hundr$ volumes pr9t$ be=e #adfg proves t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 !n practis$ to a consid]able ext5t4 ,t ,ulri* ,hahn 0 a pr9t] at ,rome 9 #adfh & subsequ5t ye>s is prov$ by _m copies ( works :i* proce$$ f 8 press2 & ! exi/5ce ( ! id5tical 8unique0 copy1 ref]r$ to by ,zani1 is v\*$ = by upw>ds ( fifty le>n$ m5 :o h se5 x2 &1 :at is m1 m5tion$ ! place :]e x 0 pres]v$1 s t1 if a p]son 7 sceptical1 he might satisfy himself by ! evid5ce ( 8 own s5ses4 ,b :o1 except ,papillon1 has ev] se5 ! engrav+s ( ! ,cunio1 execut$ upw>ds ( a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s prior to ! e>lie/ au!ntic specim5 ( ! art1 & :o has ev] m5tion$ ! place :]e !y 7 to be se58 ,_h any p]son ( equal cr$ibility ) ,papillon describ$ a volume pr9t$ at ,rome 9 #abhe1 ! date ( ! pret5d$ wood-cuts ( ! ,cunio1 ! case w\ld !n h be5 9 po9t1 & ! decision ( e p]son 9 ! slighte/ degree acqua9t$ ) ! subject1 & n r5d]$ bl9d to simple tru? by ! vivid brightness ( 8 own speculations1 w\ld be inevitably ! same2 t is1 ! evid5ce 9 bo? cases w\ld n be reli$ on4 ,footnote ,i-#dd3 ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 vol4 i4 p4 #bh4 ,footnote ,i-#de3 ,?ree copies ( ?is suppos$ unique book h long be5 kn[n to bibliograph]s2 "o 9 ! public libr>y ( ,nuremb]g1 ano!r 9 ! ,imp]ial libr>y ( ,vi5na1 & ! ?ird 9 ,"l ,sp5s]'s libr>y4 8,x is possible10 says ,zani1 8t at ?is mom5t ,i may be bl9d$ by p>tiality to my own nation2 b ,i w\ld almo/ ass]t1 t to d5y ! te/imony ( ! ,fr5* writ]1 w\ld be l d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( light on a f9e sun-%9y day40 ,8 m5tal optics mu/ h be5 ( a peculi> "*1 & x c be no long] d\btful t he 8,_h lights :]e bett] eyes are bl9d1 ,z pigs are said to see ! w9d40 ,mr4 ,ottley's own argum5ts 9 support ( ,papillon's /ory are sc>cely ( a high] "* ?an ^? :i* he has adopt$ f ,zani4 ,at page #dj1 9 answ] to an objection f\nd$ on ! sil5ce ( all au?orities1 n m]ely respect+ ! p>ticul> "w ( ! ,cunio1 b ( ! frequ5t practice ( su* an art1 & ! fact ( no contempor>y specim5s be+ kn[n1 he writes z foll[s3 8,we _c safely argue f ! sil5ce ( contemporane\s au?orities1 t ! art ( engrav+ on wood 0 n practis$ 9 ,europe 9 ^? e>ly times2 h[ev]1 su* sil5ce may be an argum5t t x 0 n an art 9 high repute4 ,nor is our ignorance ( su* records a suffici5t pro( ( _! non-exi/5ce40 ,! pro( ( su* a negative w\ld be c]ta9ly difficult2 b1 accord+ to ?is mode ( argum5t1 !re is no mod]n inv5tion :i* might n also be m5tion$ 9 8c]ta9 anci5t undiscov]$ records40 ,9 ! g5]al bus9ess ( life1 t rule ( evid5ce is a good "o :i* decl>es 8de non-app>5tibus et non-exi/5tibus eadem e/ ratio20 & until x %all be a maxim 9 logic t 8we ought readily to believe t to be true :i* we _c prove to h be5 impossible10 ,mr4 ,ottley's solution ( ! difficulty does n seem likely to obta9 g5]al cr$5ce4 ,at page #da1 speak+ ( ! probability ( wood-engrav+1 = ! purpose ( tak+ impressions1 be+ practis$ at an e>li] p]iod ?an has be5 g5]ally suppos$1 ,mr4 ,ottley expresses himself z foll[s3 8,nor is x any pro( or /rong argum5t aga9/ ! antiquity ( su* a practice1 t au!ntic specim5s ( wood-engrav+ ( ^? e>ly times are n n[ to be f\nd4 ,!y 71 x may be suppos$1 = ! mo/ "p1 deta*$ pieces1 ^: m]its1 z works ( art1 7 n su* z to r5d] _! pres]vation at all probable4 ,!y 7 ! toys ( ! day2 &1 aft] hav+ s]v$ ! tempor>y purpose = :i* !y 7 manufactur$1 71 no d\bt1 swept away to make room = o!rs ( new] fa%ion40 ,he ?us requires ^? :o ent]ta9 an op9ion contr>y to 8 own to prove a negative2 :ile he assumes ! po9t 9 dispute z mo/ cle>ly e/abli%$ 9 8 own fav\r4 ,if su* wood engrav+s--8! toys ( ! day0--_h be5 kn[n 9 ! ?irte5?1 or ev5 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 is x n likely t "s m5tion w\ld be made ( !m 9 ! writ+s ( "s "o ( ! m9/rels ( ! p]iod to :om we are indebt$ = s _m m9ute p>ticul>s illu/rative ( ! /ate ( society at ! p]iod ref]r$ to8 ,n ! slighte/ allusion to any?+ ( ! k9d has hi!rto be5 notic$ 9 _! writ+s4 ,respect+ su* 8toys0 ,boccaccio is sil5t1 & our c\ntryman ,*auc] says n a ^w4 ,( wood-cuts n ! lea/ m5tion is made 9 ,petr>*2 & ,ri*>d de ,bury1 bi%op ( ,durham1 :o liv$ 9 ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 9 8 curi\s ,essay on ! ,love ( ,books1 says n a syllable ( wood-cuts1 ei!r z toys1 or z illu/rations ( devotional or hi/orical subjects4 ,^u ?is "q1 affirm$ by ,papillon1 & ma9ta9$ z true by ,zani & ,ottley1 contempor>y au?orities are sil5t2 & n "o solit>y fact be>+ di/9ctly ^u ! po9t has be5 alleg$ 9 support ( ,papillon's n>rative4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,progress ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+4 ,play+-,c>ds ,pr9t$ f ,wood-,blocks -- ,e>ly ,g]man ,wood-,engrav]s at ,augsburg1 ,nuremb]g1 & ,ulm -- ,c>d-,mak]s & ,wood-,engrav]s 9 ,v5ice 9 #adda -- ,figures ( ,sa9ts ,engrav$ on ,wood -- ,! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ! ,annunciation1 & ! ,/4 ,bridget 9 ! ,collection ( ,e>l ,sp5c]1 ) ,o!r ,old ,wood-,cuts ,describ$ -- ,block-,books -- ,! ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & ! ,"w ,call$ ,biblia ,paup]um -- ,speculum ,salvationis -- ,figur$ ,alphabet ,=m]ly ,belong+ to ,sir ,george ,beaumont -- ,ars ,memor&i1 & ,o!r ,small] ,block-,books4 ,f ! facts :i* h be5 produc$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 !re _c be a d\bt t ! pr9ciple on :i* wood engrav+ is f\nd$1--t ( tak+ impressions on pap] or p>*m5t1 ) ink1 f prom95t l9es1--0 kn[n & practis$ 9 atte/+ docum5ts 9 ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! f\rte5?1 or ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 !re is reason to believe t ?is pr9ciple 0 adopt$ by ! ,g]man c>d-mak]s = ! purpose ( m>k+ ! outl9es ( ! figures on _! c>ds1 :i* !y aft]w>ds col\r$ by means ( a /5cil4,,ii-#a ,footnote ,,ii-#a3 ,a /5cil is a piece ( pa/ebo>d1 or a ?9 plate ( metal1 pi]c$ ) l9es & figures1 :i* are communicat$ to pap]1 p>*m5t1 or l951 by pass+ a bru% *>g$ ) ink or col\r ov] ! /5cil4 ,! p]iod at :i* ! game ( c>ds 0 fir/ kn[n 9 ,europe1 z well z ! p by :om !y 7 inv5t$1 has be5 v le>n$ly1 ?\gh n v satisfactorily discuss$4 ,bullet has claim$ ! inv5tion = ! ,fr5*1 & ,he9ek5 = ! ,g]mans2 :ile o!r writ]s h ma9ta9$ t ! game 0 kn[n 9 ,italy e>li] ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ,europe1 & t x 0 introduc$ f ! ,ea/4 ,f a passage discov]$ by ,m4 ,van ,praet1 9 an old manuscript copy ( ! romance ( ,r5>d le ,contrefait1 x appe>s t c>ds 7 kn[n 9 ,france ab\t #acdj1 al?\gh ,bullet 0 ( op9ion t !y 7 inv5t$ 9 t c\ntry ab\t #acgf4 ,at :atev] p]iod ! game 0 introduc$1 x appe>s to h be5 commonly kn[n 9 ,france & ,spa9 t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,john ,i41 ,k+ ( ,ca/ile1 by an edict issu$ 9 #achg1 prohibit$ ! game ( c>ds2 & 9 #acig1 ! ,provo/ ( ,p>is1 by an ordonnance1 =bid all work+ p to play at t5nis1 b[ls1 dice1 c>ds1 or n9e-p9s1 on work+ days4 ,f a passage 9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,petit-,jehan de ,sa9tr1 writt5 previ\s to #achj1 x w\ld appe> t ! game ( c>ds at t p]iod 0 9 disrepute4 ,sa9tr _h be5 "o ( ! pages ( ,*>les ,v4 ( ,france2 & on 8 be+ appo9t$1 on acc\nt ( 8 good conduct1 to ! situation ( c>v] to ! k+1 ! squire :o _h *>ge ( ! pages1 lectur$ "s ( !m on ! impropriety ( _! behavi\r2 su* z play+ at dice & c>ds1 keep+ bad company1 & haunt+ tav]ns & cab>ets1 ^? n be+ ! c\rses by :i* !y might hope to arrive at ! hon\rable po/ ( 8ecuy] tran*ant10 to :i* _! companion1 ,sa9tr1 _h be5 rais$4 ,9 an acc\nt-book ( ,*>les ,p\p>t1 treasur] to ,*>les ,,vi4 ( ,france1 !re is an entry1 made ab\t #acic1 ( 8fifty-six sols ( ,p>is1 giv5 to ,jacquem9 ,gr+onneur1 pa9t]1 = ?ree packs ( c>ds1 gilt & col\r$1 & ( diff]5t sorts1 = ! div]sion ( 8 maje/y40 ,f ?is passage ! le>n$ ,jesuit ,m5e/ri]1 :o 0 n aw>e ( c>ds be+ m5tion$ by any e>li] writ]1 conclud$ t !y 7 !n inv5t$ by ,gr+onneur to amuse ! k+1 :o1 9 consequ5ce ( a c\p de soleil1 _h be5 attack$ ) delirium1 :i* _h subsid$ into an almo/ cont9ual depression ( spirits4 ,!re1 h[ev]1 c be no d\bt t c>ds 7 kn[n 9 ,france at lea/ fifty ye>s be=e2 ?\gh1 f _! be+ s seldom notic$ previ\s to #achj1 x appe>s likely t ! game 0 b little play$ until aft] t p]iod4 ,:e!r ! figures on ! c>ds suppli$ = ! k+'s amusem5t 7 drawn & col\r$ by ! h&1 or :e!r ! outl9es 7 impress$ f wood-blocks1 & col\r$ by means ( a /5cil1 x is impossible to asc]ta92 ?\gh x has be5 conjectur$ t1 f ! smallness ( ! sum paid = !m1 !y 7 ( ! latt] description4 ,t c>ds 7 *eap 9 #acig1 h[ev] !y might be manufactur$1 may be presum$ f ! fact ( _! be+ !n 9 ! h&s ( ! work+ p4 ,to :atev] nation ! inv5tion ( c>ds is ow+1 x appe>s t ! ,g]mans 7 ! fir/ :o practis$ c>d-mak+ z a trade4 ,9 #adah ! "n ( a 8,k>t5ma*]0--c>d-mak]--occurs 9 ! burgess-book ( ! city ( ,augsburg2 & 9 an old rate-book ( ! city ( ,nuremburg1 "u ! ye> #adcc1 we f9d 8,ell4 ,k>t5ma*]920 t is1 ,ell4--probably = ,elizabe?--! c>d-mak]4 ,9 ! same book1 "u ! ye> #adce1 ! "n ( 8,eliz4 ,k>t5ma*]910 probably ! same p]son1 is to be f\nd2 & 9 #adch !re occurs ! "n 8,m>gret ,k>t5mal]90--,m>g>et ! c>d-pa9t]4 ,x ?us appe>s t ! e>lie/ c>d-mak]s :o are m5tion$ z liv+ at ,nuremb]g 7 females2 & x is wor?y ( note t ! ,g]mans seem to h call$ c>ds 8,k>t50 be=e !y gave !m ! "n ( 8,briefe40 ,he9ek51 h[ev]1 consid]s t !y 7 fir/ kn[n 9 ,g]many by ! latt] "n2 =1 z he claim$ ! inv5tion = 8 c\ntrym51 he 0 unwill+ to admit t ! "n %\ld be borr[$ ei!r f ,italy or ,france4 ,he has n1 h[ev]1 produc$ any?+ l pro( 9 support ( 8 op9ion1 :i* is contradict$ by ! negative evid5ce ( hi/ory4,,ii-#b ,footnote ,,ii-#b3 ,c>ds--,c>t5--are m5tion$ 9 a book ( bye-laws ( ,nuremb]g1 betwe5 #achj & #achd4 ,!y are includ$ 9 a li/ ( games at :i* ! burgh]s might indulge !mselves1 provid$ !y v5tur$ only small sums4 8,awzg5omm5 r5n5 mit ,pf]d]1 ,s*iess5 mit ,armbru/51 ,c>t51 ,s*(zagel1 ,pretspil1 und ,kugeln1 umb e95 pf59k zw5 zu vi] pot540 ,t is3 8always except+ horse-rac+1 %oot+ ) cross-b[s1 c>ds1 %ovel-bo>d1 tric-trac1 & b[ls1 at :i* a man may bet f twop5ce to a groat40--,c4 ,g4 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal zur ,kun/sges*4 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #ii4 ,! "n ,briefe1 :i* ! ,g]mans give to c>ds1 also signifies lett]s epi/ol4 ,! mean+ ( ! ^w1 h[ev]1 is r m g5]al ?an ! ,fr5* t]m lettres1 or ! ,lat9 epi/ol :i* he gives z its synonyms1 = x is also appli$ 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we sometimes use ! ^w 8pap]40 ,= in/ance1 8e9 ,brief ,/ecknadeln1 e9 ,brief ,tabak10 are lit]ally translat$ by ! words 8a pap] ( p9s1 a pap] ( tobacco20 9 :i* s5se ! ^w 8,brief0 w\ld1 9 ,lat91 be m correctly r5d]$ by ! t]m *>ta ?an epi/ola4 ,z x is 9 a simil> s5se--cognate ) 8pap]10 z us$ 9 ! two prec$+ examples--t 8,briefe0 is appli$ to c>ds1 ,i am incl9$ to consid] x z a translation ( ! ,lat9 *>ta1 ! ,italian c>te1 or ! ,fr5* c>tes1 & h5ce to conclude t ! inv5tion ( c>ds does n belong to ! p ( ,g]many1 :o appe> to h receiv$ c>ds1 bo? 8"n & ?+10 f ano!r nation1 & aft] "s "t to h giv5 !m a "n 9 _! own language4 ,9 ! t[n-books ( ,nuremb]g1 ! t]m ,=ms*neid]-- figure-cutt]1--! "n appropriat$ to engrav]s on wood1 fir/ occurs 9 #addi2;,,ii-#c & z x is f\nd 9 subsequ5t ye>s m5tion$ 9 ! same page ) 8,k>t5mal]10 x seems reasonable to conclude t 9 #addi1 & probably e>li]1 ! bus9ess ( ! wood-engrav] prop]1 & t ( ! c>d-mak]1 7 di/9ct4 ,! prim>y mean+ ( ! ^w =m or =ma is almo/ precisely ! same 9 mo/ ( ! ,european languages4 ,x has errone\sly be5 expla9$1 9 its relation to wood engrav+1 z signify+ a m\ld1 :]eas x simply means a %ape or figure4 ,! model ( wood :i* ! c>p5t] makes = ! metal-f\nd] is prop]ly a =m1 & f x ! latt] prep>es 8 m\ld 9 ! s&4 ,! ^w =m1 h[ev]1 9 c\rse ( "t decl9$ f its prim>y signification1 & came to be us$ z expressive bo? ( a model & a m\ld4 ,! t]m ,=ms*neid]1 :i* 0 orig9ally us$ to di/+ui% ! pr(ess$ engrav] ( figures f ! m]e engrav] & col\r] ( c>ds1 is /ill us$ 9 ,g]many to d5ote :at we t]m a wood-engrav]4 ,footnote ,,ii-#c3 ,9 ! t[n-books ( ,nuremb]g a ,hans ,=mansneid] occurs s e>ly z #acig1 :i* ,de ,murr says is n meant = 8wood engrav]10 b is to be read ?us3 ,hans ,=man1 ,s*neid]2 t is1 8,ihon ,=man1 mai/]-fa%ion]e10 or1 9 mod]n phrase1 8tailor40 ,! ^w 8,k>t]0 also occurs 9 ! same ye>1 b x is meant = a c>d]1 or wool-comb]1 & n = a c>d-mak]4--,c4 ,g4 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #ii4 ,ab\t ! "t t ! t]m ,=ms*neid] fir/ occurs we f9d ,briefmal]s m5tion$1 & at a lat] p]iod ,briefdruck]s-- c>d-pr9t]s2 &1 ?\gh !re evid5tly 0 a di/9ction betwe5 ! two pr(essions1 yet we f9d t betwe5 #adgj & #aejj ! ,briefmal]s n only engrav$ figures occasionally1 b also pr9t$ books4 ,! ,=ms*neid]s & ! ,briefmal]s1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to =m b "o guild or fell[%ip till long aft] ! art ( wood-engrav+ _h made rapid /rides t[>ds p]fection1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( su* ma/]s z ,dur]1 ,burgmair1 & ,holbe91 9 ! same mann] z ! b>b]s & surgeons 9 our own c\ntry cont9u$ to =m b "o company1 ?\gh ! 8*irurgeon _h long ceas$ to trim be>ds & cut hair1 & ! b>b] _h giv5 up ble$+ & purg+ to devote himself m exclusively to ! ornam5tal bran* ( 8 orig9al pr(ession40 8,k>t5ma*] & ,k>t5mal]0 says ,von ,murr1 8or ,briefmal]1 z !y 7 aft]w>ds call$ #adgc1 7 kn[n 9 ,g]many eighty ye>s previ\s to ! inv5tion ( book-pr9t+4 ,! ,k>t5ma*] 0 orig9ally a ,=ms*neid]1 ?\gh1 aft] ! practice ( cutt+ figures ( sa9ts & ( sacr$ subjects 0 introduc$1 a di/9ction began to be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! two pr(essions40 ,! ,g]man c>d-mak]s ( ,augsburg1 ,nuremb]g1 & ,ulm1 x is /at$1 s5t l>ge quantities ( c>ds into ,italy2 & x 0 probably aga9/ ^? =eign manufactur]s t ! fell[%ip ( pa9t]s at ,v5ice obta9$ an ord] 9 #adda f ! magi/racy1 decl>+ t no =eign manufactur$ c>ds1 or pr9t$ col\r$ figures1 %\ld be br\ght into ! city1 "u ! p5alty ( =feit+ su* articles1 & ( be+ f9$ xxx liv4 xii soldi4 ,?is ord] 0 made 9 consequ5ce ( a petition pres5t$ by ! ,v5etian pa9t]s1 :]e9 !y set =? t 8! art & my/]y ( c>d-mak+ & ( pr9t+ figures1 :i* 7 practis$ 9 ,v5ice1 _h fall5 into total decay ?r\gh ! great quantity ( =eign play+-c>ds & col\r$ pr9t$ figures1 :i* 7 br\ght into ! city40,,ii-#d ,x is h5ce evid5t t ! art bo? ( ! ,g]man ,k>t5ma*] & ( ! ,=ms*neid] 0 practis$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #adda2 &1 z x is !n m5tion$ z be+ 9 decay1 x no d\bt 0 practis$ !re "s "t previ\sly4 ,footnote ,,ii-#d3 8,conscioscia *e l'arte e me/i] delle c>te figure /ampide1 *e se fano 9 ,v5esia vegnudo a total deffaction1 e que/o sia p] la gran quantit de c>te a zug>1 e fegure dep5te /ampide1 le qual vi5 fate de fuora de ,v5ezia40 ,! curi\s docum5t 9 :i* ! above passage occurs 0 discov]$ by ,temanza1 an ,italian ar*itect1 9 an old book ( rules & ord]s belong+ to ! company ( ,v5etian pa9t]s4 ,8 discov]y1 communicat$ 9 a lett] to ,c\nt ,alg>otti1 appe>$ 9 ! ,lett]e ,pittori*e1 tom4 v4 p4 #cbj1 et sequ5t4 & has s9ce be5 quot$ by e writ] :o has writt5 ^u ! subject4 ,he9ek51 9 8 8,neue ,na*ri*t510 gives an extract f a ,,ms4 *ronicle ( ! city ( ,ulm1 complet$ 9 #adgd1 to ! foll[+ effect3 8,play+-c>ds 7 s5t b>relwise t is1 9 small casks into ,italy1 ,sicily1 & also ov] sea1 & ex*ang$ = spices & o!r w>es4 ,f ?is we may judge ( ! numb] ( c>d-mak]s :o resid$ "h40 ,! prec$+ passage occurs 9 ! index1 "u ! head1 8,bus9ess ( c>d-mak+40 ,he9ek5 also gives ! passage 9 8 8,ide ,gnrale10 p4 #bde2 b f ! ,fr5* translation1 :i* he !re gives1 x appe>s t he _h misund]/ood ! ^w 8legl5weiss0-- b>relwise--:i* he r5d]s 8en ballots40 ,9 8 8,neue ,na*ri*t510 h[ev]1 he ins]ts ! explanation betwe5 p>5!ses1 78das i/1 9 kle95 ,fss]n07--i4 e4 9 small casks2 :i* ,mr4 ,s+] r5d]s 8hog%eads10 & ,mr4 ,ottley1 ?\gh he gives ! orig9al 9 a note1 8l>ge bales40 ,! ^w 8lgel10 a b>rel1 is obsolete 9 ,g]many1 b its dim9utive1 8legl910--z if 8lgel50--is /ill us$ 9 ,scotl& = ! "n ( ! ewe-milk]'s kit4 ,"s writ]s h be5 ( op9ion t ! art ( wood-engrav+ 0 d]iv$ f ! practice ( ! anci5t caligraphi/s & illum9ators ( manuscripts1 :o sometimes =m$ _! l>ge capital lett]s by means ( a /5cil or ( a wood5 /amp4 ,t l>ge capitals 7 =m$ 9 su* a mann] previ\s to ! ye> #adjj !re c be little d\bt2 & x has be5 ?\ght t /5cils & /amps 7 us$ n only = ! =mation ( capital lett]s1 b also = ! impression ( a :ole volume4 ,ihre1 9 a diss]tation on ! ,gospels ( ,ulphilas1,,ii-#e :i* are suppos$ to be z old z ! fif? c5tury1 has ass]t$ t ! silv] lett]s ( ! text on a purple gr\nd 7 impress$ by means ( heat$ iron /amps4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is d5i$ by ! le>n$ compil]s ( ! 8,n\veau ,trait de ,diplomatique10 :o _h se5 o!r volumes ( a simil> k9d1 ! silv] lett]s ( :i* 7 evid5tly =m$ ) a p54 ,a mod]n ,italian au?or1 ,d4 ,v9c5zo ,requ5o1 has publi%$ a tract,,ii-#f to prove t _m suppos$ manuscripts f ! t5? to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 in/ead ( be+ writt5 ) a p51 7 actually impress$ by means ( /amps4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 extremely probable t he is mi/ak52 = if 8 pret5d$ discov]ies 7 true1 ?is art ( /amp+ mu/ h be5 v g5]ally practis$2 & if s1 x surely w\ld h be5 m5tion$ by "s contempor>y writ]s4 ,signor ,requ5o's exam9ation1 ,i am incl9$ to suspect1 has n be5 suffici5tly precise2 = he seems to h be5 too will+ to f9d :at he s\ght4 ,9 almo/ e collection t he exam9$1 a pair ( f9e compasses be+ ! te/ :i* he employ$1 he discov]$ volum9\s works on vellum1 hi!rto suppos$ to be manuscript1 b :i* accord+ to 8 measurem5t 7 c]ta9ly execut$ by means ( a /amp4 ,footnote ,,ii-#e3 ,?is celebrat$ v]sion1 9 ! ,ms-,go?ic language1 is pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,upsal 9 ,sw$54 ,footnote ,,ii-#f3 ,oss]vazioni sulla ,*irotipografia1 ossia ,antica ,arte di ,/amp>e a mano4 ,op]a di ,d4 ,v9c5zo ,requ5o4 ,roma #ahaj1 #hvo4 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t ! art ( wood-engrav+ 0 employ$ on sacr$ subjects1 su* z ! figures ( sa9ts & holy p]sons1 be=e x 0 appli$ to ! multiplication ( ^? 8books ( ,satan10 play+-c>ds4 ,x h[ev] is n unlikely t x 0 fir/ employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( c>ds2 & t ! monks1 avail+ !mselves ( ! same pr9ciple1 %ortly aft]w>ds employ$ ! art ( wood-engrav+ = ! purpose ( circulat+ ! figures ( sa9ts2 ?us endeav\r+ to supply a rem$y = ! evil1 & extract+ f ! s]p5t a cure = 8 bite4 ,wood-cuts ( sacr$ subjects 7 kn[n to ! common p ( ,suabia1 & ! adjac5t di/ricts1 by ! "n ( ,helg5 or ,helgle91 a corruption ( ,heilig51 sa9ts2--a ^w :i* 9 c\rse ( "t !y us$ to signify pr9ts--e/ampes--g5]ally4,,ii-#g ,9 ,france ! same k9d ( cuts1 probably /5cil-col\r$1 7 call$ 8dom9os10--! aff9ity ( :i* "n ) ! ,g]man ,helg5 is obvi\s4 ,! ^w 8dom9o0 0 subsequ5tly us$ z a "n = col\r$ or m>bl$ pap] g5]ally1 & ! mak]s ( su* pap]1 z well z ! engrav]s & col\r]s ( wood-cuts1 7 call$ 8dom9oti]s40,,ii-#h ,footnote ,,ii-#g3 ,fuseli1 at p4 #he ( ,ottley's ,inquiry2 & ,breitkopf1 ,v]su* d4 ,ursprungs d] ,spielk>t5 ,zu er=s*51 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #age4 ,footnote ,,ii-#h3 ,f\rni]1 ,diss]tation sur l',orig9e et les ,progrs de l',art de ,grav] en ,bois1 p4 #gi2 & ,papillon1 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #bj1 & ,supplem5t1 p4 #hj4 ,z might1 priori1 be conclud$1 suppos+ ! ,g]mans to h be5 ! fir/ :o appli$ wood-engrav+ to c>d-mak+1 ! e>lie/ wood-cuts h be5 discov]$1 & 9 ! greate/ abundance1 9 t di/rict :]e we fir/ he> ( ! bus9ess ( a c>d-mak] & a wood-engrav]4 ,f a conv5t1 situat$ )9 fifty miles ( ! city ( ,augsb]g1 :]e1 9 #adah1 ! fir/ m5tion ( a ,k>t5ma*] occurs1 has be5 obta9$ ! e>lie/ wood-cut kn[n1--! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,sp5c]1 ) ! date #adbc4 ,t ?is 0 ! fir/ cut ( ! k9d we h no reason to suppose2 b ?\gh o!rs execut$ 9 a simil> mann] are kn[n1 to n "o ( !m1 ^u any?+ l probable gr\nds1 c a high] degree ( antiquity be assign$4 ,f #adbc1 !re=e1 z f a kn[n epo*1 ! practice ( wood engrav+1 z appli$ to pictorial repres5tations1 may be dat$4 ,illu/ration ,! fir/ p]son :o publi%$ an acc\nt ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ wood-cut 0 ,he9ek51 :o _h inspect$ a great] numb] ( old wood-cuts & block-books ?an any o!r p]son1 & ^: unwe>i$ p]sev]ance 9 se>*+ aft]1 & g5]al accuracy 9 describ+ su* e>ly specim5s ( ! art ( wood-engrav+1 are beyond all praise4 ,he f\nd x pa/$ on ! inside ( ! "r-h& cov] ( a manuscript volume 9 ! libr>y ( ! conv5t ( ,buxheim1 ne> ,memm+5 9 ,suabia4 ,! manuscript1 entitl$ ,,laus ,,virg9is,,ii-#i & f9i%$ 9 #adag1 0 left to ! conv5t by ,anna1 canoness ( ,bu*aw1 :o 0 liv+ 9 #adbg2 b :o probably di$ previ\s to #adce4 ,! above r$uc$ copy conveys a pretty good idea ( ! composition & /yle ( engrav+ ( ! orig9al cut1 :i* is ( a folio size1 be+ elev5 & a qu>t] in*es high1 & eight in*es & "o-eigh? wide4,,ii-#aj ,footnote ,,ii-#i3 8,lib] i/e1 ,laus ,virg9is intitulatus1 cont9et ,lectiones ,matut9ales accommodatas ,(ficio ,b4 ,v4 ,m>i p] s+ulos anni dies10 c4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! volume is ! foll[+ memor&um3 8,i/um librum legavit domna ,anna filia domni ,/ephani b>onis de ,gundelf+51 canonica 9 ,b*[ ,aule bte4 ,m>ie v'g9is 9 ,bu*%aim ord'is ,c>tusie prope ,mem+5 ,augu/54 dyoc40--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #ajd-aje4 ,footnote ,,ii-#aj3 ,a fac-simile1 ( ! size ( ! orig9al1 is giv5 9 ,von ,murr's ,j\rnal1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ajd1 & 9 ,ottley's ,inquiry1 vol4 i4 p4 #ij1 bo? engrav$ on wood4 ,!re is an imitation engrav$ on copp]1 9 ,jans5's ,essai sur l',orig9e de la ,gravure1 tom4 i4 ,! orig9al af=ds a specim5 ( ! comb9$ tal5ts ( ! ,=ms*neid] or wood-engrav]1 & ! ,briefmal] or c>d-col\r]4 ,! engrav$ portions1 su* z are "h repres5t$1 h be5 tak5 (f 9 d>k col\r+ matt] simil> to pr9t]s' ink1 aft] :i* ! impression appe>s to h be5 col\r$ by means ( a /5cil4 ,z ! back ( ! cut _c be se51 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ pa/$ on ! cov] ( ! volume1 x _c be asc]ta9$ ) any degree ( c]ta9ty :e!r ! impression has be5 tak5 by means ( a press1 or rubb$ (f f ! block by means ( a burni%] or rubb]1 9 a mann] simil> to t 9 :i* wood-engrav]s ( ! pres5t day take _! pro(s4 ,?is cut is mu* bett] design$ ?an ! g5]ality ( ^? :i* we f9d 9 books typographically execut$ f #adfb1 ! date ( ! ,bamb]g ,fables1 to #adic1 :5 ! (t5-cit$ ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle 0 pr9t$4 ,among/ ! _m co>se cuts :i* 8illu/rate0 ! latt]1 & :i* are ann\nc$ 9 ! book itself,,ii-#aa z hav+ be5 8got up0 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mi*ael ,wolgemu?1 ,alb]t ,dur]'s ma/]1 & ,william ,pleyd5wurff1 bo? 8mo/ skilful 9 ! art ( pa9t+10 ,i _c f9d a s+le subject :i* ei!r = _s or feel+ c be comp>$ to ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]4 ,9 fact1 ! figure ( ! sa9t1 & t ( ! y\?ful ,*ri/ :om he be>s on 8 %\ld]s1 are1 ) ! exception ( ! extremities1 design$ 9 su* a /yle1 t !y w\ld sc>cely discr$it ,alb]t ,dur] himself4 ,footnote ,,ii-#aa3 ,! foll[+ ann\ncem5t appe>s 9 ! colophon ( ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle4 8,ad intuitum autem et preces providorum civium ,sebaldi ,s*rey] et ,seba/iani ,rom]mai/] hunc librum ,an?onius ,kob]g] ,nuremb]gi impressit4 ,adhibitis tam5 viris ma!maticis p+5dique arte p]itissimis1 ,mi*aele ,wolgemut et ,wilhelmo ,pleyd5wurff1 quorum sol]ti accuratissimaque animadv]sione tum civitatum tum illu/rium virorum figur ins]t sunt4 ,consummatum autem duodecima m5sis ,julii4 ,anno ,salutis re #adic40 ,to ! left ( ! engrav+ ! arti/ has introduc$1 ) a noble disreg>d ( p]spective1,,ii-#ab :at ,bewick w\ld h call$ a 8bit ( ,nature40 ,9 ! =egr\nd a figure is se5 driv+ an ass load$ ) a sack t[>ds a wat]-mill2 :ile by a /eep pa? a figure1 p]haps int5d$ = ! mill]1 is se5 c>ry+ a full sack f ! back-door ( ! mill t[>ds a cottage4 ,to ! "r is se5 a h]mit--kn[n by ! bell ov] ! entrance ( 8 dwell+--hold+ a l>ge lant]n to direct ,/4 ,*ri/oph] z he crosses ! /ream4 ,! two v]ses at ! foot ( ! cut1 ,cri/(ori faciem die quacunque tu]is1 ,illa nempe die morte mala non mori]is1 may be translat$ z foll[s3 ,ea* day t ?\ ! lik5ess ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] %alt see1 ,t day no frightful =m ( dea? %all make an end ( !e4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ab3 ,z great a neglect ( ! rules ( p]spective may be se5 9 sev]al ( ! cuts 9 ! fam$ edition ( ,!urdanck1 ,nuremb]g1 #aeag1 :i* are suppos$ to h be5 design$ by ,hans ,burgmair1 & engrav$ by ,hans ,s*auffle94 ,!y allude to a popul> sup]/ition1 common at t p]iod 9 all ,ca?olic c\ntries1 :i* induc$ p to believe t ! day on :i* !y %\ld see a figure or image ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 !y %\ld n meet ) a viol5t dea?1 nor die )\t confession4,,ii-#ac ,to ?is popul> sup]/ition ,erasmus alludes 9 8 8,praise ( ,folly20 & x is n unlikely1 t to 8 fai? 9 ?is article ( belief1 ! squire1 9 ,*auc]'s 8,cant]bury ,tales10 wore 8,a ,*ri/(re on 8 bre/1 ( silv] %5e40 ,footnote ,,ii-#ac3 ,see ,br&'s ,popul> ,antiquities1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cei-cfd4--;,bohn's edition4 ,! date 8,millesimo cccco xxo t]cio0--#adbc--:i* is se5 at ! "r-h& corn]1 at ! foot ( ! impression1 mo/ und\bt$ly designates ! ye> 9 :i* ! engrav+ 0 made4 ,! engrav+1 ?\gh co>se1 is execut$ 9 a bold & free mann]2 & ! folds ( ! drap]y are m>k$ 9 a /yle :i* w\ld d cr$it to a pr(ici5t4 ,! :ole subject1 ?\gh express$ by means ( few l9es1 is n execut$ 9 ! v simple/ /yle ( art4 ,9 ! drap]ies a dim9ution & a ?ick5+ ( ! l9es1 :]e necess>y to ! effect1 may be obs]v$2 & ! %ades are indicat$ by means ( p>allel l9es bo? p]p5dicul>1 oblique1 & curv$1 z may be se5 9 ! sa9t's robe & mantle4 ,9 _m ( ! wood-cuts execut$ betwe5 #adfb & #aejj1 ! figures are express$1 & ! drap]y indicat$1 by simple l9es ( "o undeviat+ degree ( ?ickness1 )\t ! slighte/ attempt at %ad+ by means ( p>allel l9es runn+ 9 a direction diff]5t to ^? m>k+ ! folds ( ! drap]y or ! outl9es ( ! figure4 ,if m]e rud5ess ( design1 & simplicity 9 ! mode ( execution1 7 to be consid]$ z ! sole te/s ( antiquity 9 wood-engrav+s1 upw>ds ( a hundr$1 positively kn[n to h be5 execut$ betwe5 #adgj & #aejj1 might be produc$ z af=d+ intr9sic evid5ce ( _! hav+ be5 execut$ at a p]iod antec$5t to ! date ( ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]4 ,9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is !re is an impression ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] ) ! y\?ful ,*ri/1 :i* 0 suppos$ to be a duplicate ( t 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,sp5c]4 ,on comp>+ !m1 h[ev]1 8x 0 q evid5t10 says ,dr4 ,dibd91 8at ! fir/ glance1 z ,m4 ,du ,*esne admitt$1 t !y 7 impressions tak5 f diff]5t blocks4 ,! "q !re=e 01 aft] a good deal ( p]t9aci\s argum5t on bo? sides--:i* ( ! two impressions 0 ! m anci5t8 ,und\bt$ly x 0 t ( ,"l ,sp5c]40 ,at fir/ ,dr4 ,dibd9 ?\ght t ! ,fr5* impression 0 a copy ( ,e>l ,sp5c]'s1 & t x might be z old z ! ye> #adfj2 b1 f a note add$ 9 ! second edition ( 8 t\r1 he seems to h receiv$ a new light4 ,he !re says3 8,! reasons ^u :i* ?is conclusion t ! ,fr5* cut 0 a copy ( a lat] date 0 f\nd$1 are /at$ at l5g? 9 ! prec$+ edition ( ?is "w3 s9ce :i*1 ,i v /rongly incl9e to ! supposition t ! ,p>is impression is a pro(--( "o ( ! *eats ( ,,de ,,murr40,,ii-#ad ,footnote ,,ii-#ad3 ,bibliographical & ,picturesque ,t\r1 by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,f4 ,dibd91 ,d4,d4 p4 #eh1 vol4 ii4 second edition1 #ahbi4 ,! ,de ,murr to :om ,dr4 ,dibd9 alludes1 is ,c4 ,g4 ,von ,murr1 editor ( ! ,j\rnal ( ,arts & ,g5]al ,lit]ature1 publi%$ at ,nuremb]g 9 #agge & subsequ5t ye>s4 ,von ,murr 0 ! fir/ :o publi%$1 9 ! second volume ( 8 j\rnal1 a fac-simile1 engrav$ on wood by ,seba/4 ,rol&1 ( ! ,buxheim ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 f a trac+ s5t to him by ,p4 ,krism]1 ! libr>ian ( ! conv5t4 ,von ,murr1 9 8 ,memorabilia ( ! ,city ( ,nuremb]g1 m5tions t ,breitkopf _h se5 a duplicate impression ( ! ,buxheim ,/4 ,*ri/oph] 9 ! possession ( ,m4 ,de ,birk5/ock at ,vi5na4 ,on ! inside ( ! fir/ cov] or 8bo>d0 ( ! ,laus ,virg9is1 ! volume :i* conta9s ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 !re is also pa/$ a wood engrav+ ( ! ,annunciation1 ( a simil> size to ! above-nam$ cut1 & impress$ on ! same k9d ( pap]4 ,z !y are bo? work$ (f 9 ! same k9d ( d>k-col\r$ ink1 & z !y evid5tly h be5 col\r$ 9 ! same mann]1 by means ( a /5cil1 !re c be little d\bt ( _! be+ execut$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,f ! left-h& corn] ( ! ,annunciation ! figure ( ! ,almighty has be5 torn out4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 :o appe>s desc5d+ f ! ,fa!r ^u ! ,virg9 9 ! mat]ial =m ( a dove1 c\ld n well be torn out )\t greatly disfigur+ ! cut4 ,an idea may be =m$ ( ! orig9al f ! foll[+ r$uc$ copy4 ,illu/ration ,respect+ ^! cuts1 :i* 9 all probability 7 engrav$ by "s "o ( ! ,=ms*neid]s ( ,augsburg1 ,ulm1 or ,nuremb]g1,,ii-#ae ,p4 ,krism]1 :o 0 libr>ian ( ! conv5t ( ,buxheim1 & :o %[$ ! volume 9 :i* !y are pa/$ to ,he9ek51 writes to ,von ,murr to ! foll[+ effect3 8,x w n be sup]flu\s if ,i "h po9t out a m>k1 by :i*1 9 my op9ion1 old wood engrav+s may ) c]ta9ty be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( a lat] p]iod4 ,x is ?is3 ,9 ! olde/ wood-cuts only d we p]ceive t ! engrav] ,=ms*neid] has frequ5tly omitt$ c]ta9 p>ts1 leav+ !m to be aft]w>ds fill$ up by ! c>d-col\r] ,briefmal]4 ,9 ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] !re is no su* defici5cy1 al?\gh !re is 9 ! o!r cut :i* is pa/$ on ! inside ( ! =e cov]+ ( ! same volume1 & :i*1 ,i d\bt n1 0 execut$ at ! same "t z ! =m]4 ,x repres5ts ! salutation ( ! ,virg9 by ! angel ,gabriel1 or1 z x is also call$1 ! ,annunciation2 &1 f ! omission ( ! col\rs1 ! upp] "p ( ! body ( ! kneel+ ,virg9 appe>s nak$1 except :]e x is cov]$ ) h] mantle4 ,h] inn] dress _h be5 left to be add$ by ! p5cil ( ! c>d-col\r]4 ,9 ano!r wood-cut ( ! same k9d1 repres5t+ ,/4 ,j]ome do+ p5ance be=e a small crucifix plac$ on a hill1 we see ) surprise t ! sa9t1 toge!r ) ! in/rum5ts ( p5ance1 :i* are ly+ ne> him1 & a :ole =e/ beside1 are susp5d$ 9 ! air )\t any?+ to support !m1 z ! :ole ( ! gr\nd _h be5 left to be ins]t$ ) ! p5cil4 ,no?+ ( ?is k9d is to be se5 9 m rec5t wood-cuts1 :5 ! art _h made great] progress4 ,:at ! e>ly wood-engrav]s c\ld n readily effect ) ! grav]1 !y p]=m$ ) ! p5cil1--= ! mo/ "p 9 a v co>se & c>eless mann]1--z !y 7 at ! same "t bo? wood-engrav]s & c>d-col\r]s40,,ii-#af ,footnote ,,ii-#ae3 ,!re is e reason 9 ! _w to suppose t ?is wood-cut 0 execut$ ei!r 9 ,nuremb]g or ,augsburg4 ,buxheim is situat$ almo/ 9 ! v he>t ( ,suabia1 ! circle 9 :i* we f9d ! e>lie/ wood engrav]s e/abli%$4 ,buxheim is ab\t ?irty ,engli% miles f ,ulm1 =ty-f\r f ,augsburg1 & "o hundr$ & fifte5 f ,nuremb]g4 ,von ,murr does n notice ! pret5sions ( ,ulm1 :i* on 8 own gr\nds are /rong] ?an ^? ( 8 native city1 ,nuremb]g4 ,footnote ,,ii-#af3 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #aje1 #ajf4 ,besides ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] & ! ,annunciation1 !re is ano!r old wood-cut 9 ! collection ( ,e>l ,sp5c] :i* appe>s to belong to ! same p]iod1 & :i* has 9 all probability be5 engrav$ by a ,g]man arti/1 z all :o c read ! ,g]man inscription above ! figure w\ld reasonably inf]4 ,be=e mak+ any rem>ks on ?is engrav+1 ,i %all fir/ lay be=e ! read] a r$uc$ copy4 ,! figure writ+ is t ( ,/4 ,bridget ( ,sw$51 :o 0 born 9 #acjb & di$ 9 #acgc4 ,f ! repres5tation ( ! ,virg9 ) ! infant ,*ri/ 9 h] arms we may suppose t ! arti/ int5d$ to %[ ! pi\s wid[ writ+ an acc\nt ( h] visions or revelations1 9 :i* %e 0 (t5 fav\r$ ) ! bless$ ,virg9's appe>ance4 ,! pilgrim's hat1 /aff1 & scrip may allude to h] pilgrimage to ,j]usalem1 :i* %e 0 induc$ to make 9 consequ5ce ( a vision4 ,! lett]s ,s4 ,p4 ,q4 ,r4 9 a %ield1 are no d\bt int5d$ to d5ote ! place1 ,rome1 :]e %e saw ! vision1 & :]e %e di$4 ,! lion1 ! arms ( ,sw$51 & ! cr[n at h] feet1 are mo/ likely int5d$ to d5ote t %e 0 a pr9cess ( ! blood royal ( t k+dom4 ,! words above ! figure ( ! sa9t are a brief invocation 9 ! ,g]man language1 8,o ,brigita bit ,got fr uns60 8,o ,bridget1 pray to ,god = u60 ,at ! foot ( ! desk at :i* ,/4 ,bridget is writ+ are ! lett]s ,m4 ,i4 ,,*rs41 an abbreviation probably ( ,mat] ,jesu ,*ri/i1 or if ,g]man1 ,mutt] ,iesus ,*ri/us4,,ii-#ag ,footnote ,,ii-#ag3 ,/4 ,bridget 0 a fav\rite sa9t 9 ,g]many1 :]e _m religi\s e/abli%m5ts ( ! rule ( ,/4 ,savi\r1 introduc$ by h]1 7 f\nd$4 ,a folio volume1 conta9+ ! life1 revelations1 & leg5ds ( ,/4 ,bridget1 0 publi%$ by ,a4 ,kob]g]1 ,nuremb]g1 #aejb1 ) ! foll[+ title3 8,das pu* d] ,himlis*5 (f5b>ung d] ,heilig5 wittib5 ,birgitte von dem ,kunigrei* ,s*w$540 ,illu/ration ,f ! appe>ance ( ! back ( ?is cut1 z if x _h be5 rubb$ smoo? ) a burni%] or rubb]1 !re c be little d\bt ( ! impression hav+ be5 tak5 by means ( friction4 ,! col\r+ matt] ( ! engrav+ is mu* light] ?an 9 ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] & ! ,annunciation1 & is l di/emp] or wat]-col\r2 :ile t ( ! latt] cuts appe>s1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 m l pr9t]'s ink4 ,x is co>sely col\r$1 & app>5tly by ! h&1 unassi/$ ) ! /5cil4 ,! face & h&s are ( a fle% col\r4 ,h] g[n1 z well z ! pilgrim's hat & scrip1 are ( a d>k grey2 h] veil1 :i* %e we>s hoodwise1 is p>tly black & p>tly :ite2 & ! wimple :i* %e we>s r\nd h] neck is also :ite4 ,! b5* & desk1 ! pilgrim's /aff1 ! lett]s ,s4 ,p4 ,q4 ,r41 ! lion1 ! cr[n1 & ! nimbus surr\nd+ ! head ( ,/4 ,bridget & t ( ! ,virg91 are yell[4 ,! gr\nd is gre51 & ! :ole cut is surr\nd$ ) a bord] ( a %9+ mulb]ry or lake col\r4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 hav+ at ! v outset ( 8 ,inquiry adopt$ ,papillon's /ory ( ! ,cunio1 is compell$1 = consi/5cy's sake1 9 ! subsequ5t portion ( 8 "w1 :5 speak+ ( e>ly wood engrav+s su* z ! above1 to consid] !m1 n z ! e>lie/ kn[n specim5s ( ! art1 b m]ely z wood engrav+s su* z 7 produc$ upw>ds ( a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s aft] ! amiable & accompli%$ ,cunio1 a m]e boy & a girl1 _h 9 ,italy produc$ a set ( wood engrav+s1 "o ( :i* 0 s well compos$ t ,le ,brun might be suspect$ ( hav+ borr[$ f x ! design ( "o ( 8 mo/ complicat$ pictures4 ,9 8 desire1 9 support ( 8 !ory1 to ref] ! olde/ wood-cuts to ,italy1 ,mr4 ,ottley asks3 8,:at if ^! two pr9ts ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] & ! ,annunciation %\ld prove to be1 n ! productions ( ,g]many1 b r ( ,v5ice1 or ( "s di/rict ( ! t]ritory !n "u ! dom9ion ( t republic80 ,8 pr9cipal reasons = ! prec$+ conjecture1 are ! anci5t use ( ! ^w /ampide--8pr9t$0--9 ! ,v5etian decree aga9/ ! introduction ( =eign play+-c>ds 9 #adda2 & ! resemblance :i* ! ,annunciation be>s to ! /yle ( ! e>ly ,italian s*ools4 ,n[1 ) respect to ! fir/ ( ^! reasons1 x is f\nd$ on ! assumption t bo? ^? impressions h be5 obta9$ by means ( a press ( "s k9d or o!r1--a fact :i* rema9s yet to be prov$2 = until ! backs ( bo? %all h be5 exam9$1 & ! m>k ( ! burni%] or rubb] f\nd want+1 no p]son's m]e op9ion1 h[ev] confid5tly decl>$1 c be decisive ( ! "q4 ,x also rema9s to be prov$ t ! ^w /ampide1 :i* occurs 9 ! ,v5etian decree1 0 employ$ !re to signify 8pr9t$ ) a press40 ,= x is c]ta9 t ! l[ ,lat9 ^w /amp>e1 ) its cognates 9 ! diff]5t languages ( ,europe1 0 us$ at t p]iod to d5ote impression g5]ally4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t 8/ampide0 signifies 8pr9t$0 9 ! mod]n acceptation ( ! ^w1 & t ! two impressions 9 "q 7 obta9$ by means ( a press2 ! argum5t 9 fav\r ( _! be+ ,italian w\ld ga9 no?+1 unless we assume t ! =eign pr9t$ c>ds & figures1 :i* 7 =bid to be import$ into ,v5ice1 7 produc$ ei!r )9 ! t]ritory ( t /ate or 9 ,italy2 = ! ^w /ampide--8pr9t$10 is appli$ to !m z well z ^? manufactur$ )9 ! city4 ,n[ we "k t ! ,g]man c>d-mak]s us$ to s5d great quantities ( c>ds to ,v5ice ab\t ! p]iod :5 ! decree 0 made1 :ile we h no evid5ce ( any ,italian cities manufactur+ c>ds = exportation 9 #adda2 x is !re=e mo/ likely t if ! ,v5etians 7 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( ! press 9 tak+ impressions f wood-blocks1 ! ,g]mans 7 s too1 & = ^! m probable reasons1 admitt+ ! cuts 9 "q to h be5 pr9t$ by means ( a press3--,fir/1 ! fact ( ^? wood-cuts be+ discov]$ 9 ,g]many 9 ! v di/rict :]e we fir/ he> ( wood-engrav]s2 & secondly1 t if ! ,v5etian wood-engrav]s 7 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( ! press 9 tak+ impressions :ile ! ,g]mans 7 n1 x is v unlikely t ! latt] w\ld be able to und]sell ! ,v5etians 9 _! own city4 ,until some?+ l a probable reason %all be giv5 = suppos+ ! cuts 9 "q to be productions 8( ,v5ice1 or "s o!r di/rict ( ! t]ritory !n "u ! dom9ion ( t republic10 ,i %all cont9ue to believe t !y 7 execut$ 9 ! di/rict 9 :i* !y 7 discov]$1 & :i* has suppli$ to ! collections ( amateurs s _m old wood engrav+s ( a simil> k9d4 ,no wood engrav+s execut$ 9 ,italy1 are kn[n ( a date e>li] ?an ^? conta9$ 9 ! 8,m$itationes ,johannis de ,turre-cremata10 pr9t$ at ,rome #adfg1--;& pr9t$1 be x obs]v$1 by a ,g]man1 ,ulrick ,hahn4 ,! circul> wood engrav+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1,,ii-#ah :i* ,mr4 ,ottley says are indisputably ,italian1 & ( ! old dry ta/e ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 c sc>cely be ref]r$ to an e>li] p]iod ?an #aejj1 & my own op9ion is t !y are n old] ?an #aeaj4 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y are engrav$ is t :i* we f9d preval5t 9 ,italian wood-cuts execut$ betwe5 #aejj & #aebj4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ah3 ,^? cuts consi/ ( illu/rations ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!re are t5 ( !m1 app>5tly a portion ( a l>g] s]ies1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 & !y are m>k$ 9 small lett]s1 a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4 i4 k4 n4 ,t :i* is m>k$ g4 also conta9s ! words 8,opus ,jacobi40 ,9 ?is cut a specim5 ( cross-hat*+ may be obs]v$1 :i* 0 c]ta9ly v little practis$--if at all--9 ,italy1 be=e #aejj4 ,) respect to ! resemblance :i* ! ,annunciation be>s to ! /yle ( ! e>ly ,italian s*ool1--,i beg to obs]ve t x equally resembles _m ( ! productions ( contempor>y 8s*ools0 ( ,engl& & ,france1 z display$ 9 _m ( ! draw+s conta9$ 9 old illum9at$ manuscripts4 ,x w\ld be no difficult matt] to po9t out 9 _m old ,g]man engrav+s attitudes at lea/ z graceful z ! ,virg9's2 & z to h] drap]y1 :i* is said to be 8:olly unlike ! angul> %>pness1 ! /iffness & ! flutt] ( ! anci5t ,g]man s*ool10 ,i beg to obs]ve t ^? peculi>ities are n ( s frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! works ( ,g]man arti/s1 :e!r sculptors1 pa9t]s1 or wood-engrav]s1 :o liv$ be=e #adej1 z 9 ! works ( ^? :o liv$ aft] t p]iod4 ,angul> %>pness & flutt] 9 ! drap]ies are n s *>act]i/ic ( e>ly ,g]man art g5]ally1 z ( ,g]man art t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5?1 & 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,ev5 ! ,/4 ,bridget1 :i* he consid]s to be ( a date n lat] ?an ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1,,ii-#ai ,mr4 ,ottley1 ) a ,g]man inscription be=e 8 eyes1 is incl9$ to give to an arti/ ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries2 & he k9dly directs ! att5tion ( ,co/]'s p>tisans to ! %ield ( arms--probably int5d$ = ^? ( ,sw$5--at ! "r-h& corn] ( ! cut4 ,me]man _h discov]$ a seal1 hav+ 9 ! c5tre a %ield *>g$ ) a lion rampant--! be>+ ( ! noble family ( ,br$]ode--a label ( ?ree po9ts1 & ! m>k ( illegitimacy--a b5d s9i/]1 & surr\nd$ by ! inscription1 8,sigillum ,l[r5s ,jansso510 :i* ) him 0 suffici5t evid5ce ( its be+ ! id5tical seal ( ,laur5ce1 ! ,co/] or *ur*w>d5 ( ,h>lem4,,ii-#bj ,footnote ,,ii-#ai3 ,mr4 ,ottley's reason = consid]+ ?is cut to be s old is1 t 8aft] t p]iod #adjj an arti/1 :o 0 capable ( design+ s good a figure1 c\ld sc>cely h be5 s grossly ignorant ( e effect ( l9e> p]spective1 z 0 evid5tly ! case ) ! au?or ( ! p]=mance be=e u40--,inquiry1 p4 #hg4 ,(f5ces1 h[ev]1 sc>cely less gross aga9/ ! rules ( l9e> p]spective1 are to be f\nd 9 ! wood-cuts 9 ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank1 #aeag1 _m ( :i* conta9 figures sup]ior to t ( ,/4 ,bridget4 ,errors 9 p]spective are inde$ frequ5t 9 ! designs ( _m ( ! mo/ em95t ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s contempor>ies1 al?\gh 9 o!r respects ! figures may be correctly drawn1 & ! g5]al composition good4 ,footnote ,,ii-#bj3 ,an engrav+ ( ?is seal is giv5 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,me]man's ,orig9es ,typographic4 ,we ?us p]ceive on :at gr\nds ! "r ( ,g]many to ?ree ( ! olde/ wood-cuts kn[n is que/ion$2 & ^u :at traits ( resemblance !y are ascrib$ to ,italy & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,by adopt+ ,mr4 ,ottley's mode ( reason+1 x might be %[n ) equal probability t a v consid]able numb] ( e>ly wood engrav+s--:e!r pr9t$ 9 books or sep>ately--hi!rto believ$ to be ,g]man1 7 really execut$ 9 ,italy4 ,an old wood engrav+ ( ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,seba/ian1 ( a qu>to size1 ) a %ort pray] und]nea?1 & ! date #adcg1 app>5tly f ! same block1 0 pres]v$ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,blaze1 9 ! ,black ,=e/ on ! conf9es ( ,suabia2,,ii-#ba & ano!r1 ) ! date #addc ins]t$ 9 manuscript1 0 pa/$ 9 a volume belong+ to ! libr>y ( ! mona/]y ( ,buxheim4 ,! latt] is ?us describ$ by ,von ,murr3 8,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ! celebrat$ libr>ian1 ,krism]1 :om ,i h s (t5 m5tion$1 ,i am enabl$ to give an acc\nt ( an illum9at$ wood-cut1 :i* at ! late/ mu/ h be5 engrav$ 9 #addc4 ,x is pa/$ on ! inside ( ! cov] ( a volume :i* conta9s #8,nicolai ,dunkelspl,,ii-#bb ,s]monum ,p>tem ,hyemalem4' ,x is ( qu>to size1 be+ sev5 & a half in*es high1 & five & a qu>t] wide1 & is inclos$ )9 a bord] ( a s+le l9e4 ,x is mu* soil$1 z we p]ceive 9 ! figures on c>ds :i* h be5 impress$ by means ( a rubb]4 ,! /yle 9 :i* x is execut$ is l t ( no o!r wood-cut :i* ,i h ev] se54 ,! cut itself repres5ts ?ree diff]5t subjects1 ! upp] "p ( x be+ divid$ into two comp>tm5ts1 ea* ?ree in*es squ>e1 & sep>at$ f ea* o!r by means ( a broad p]p5dicul> l9e4 ,9 t to ! "r is se5 ,/4 ,doro?y sitt+ 9 a g>d51 ) ! y\?ful ,*ri/ pres5t+ fl[]s to h]1 ( :i* %e has h] lap full4 ,be=e h] /&s a small h&-basket1--also full ( fl[]s1--su* z ! ladies ( ,franconia & ,suabia 7 accu/om$ to c>ry 9 =m] times4 ,9 ! left comp>tm5t is se5 ,/4 ,alexius1 ly+ at ! foot ( a flight ( /eps1 ^u :i* a man is /&+ & empty+ ! cont5ts ( a pot ^u ! sa9t4,,ii-#bc ,betwe5 ^! comp>tm5ts !re appe>s 9 manuscript ! date #8anno d'ni #addc4' ,bo? ! ink & ! *>act]s correspond ) ^? ( ! volume4 ,?is date indicates ! "t :5 ! writ] _h f9i%$ ! book & got x b\nd1 z is m cle>ly prov$ by a memor&um at ! conclusion4 ,9 ! ye> #adhc1 be=e x came into ! possession ( ! mona/]y ( ,buxheim1 x belong$ to ,bro!r ,jacobus ,matz5b]g]1 ( ! ord] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & curate ( ! *ur* ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y 9 ,memm+54 ,! :ole ( ! l[] "p ( ! cut is occupi$ ) ,*ri/ be>+ 8 cross1 at ! mom5t t he meets ) 8 "m1 :om "o ( ! execution]s appe>s to be driv+ away4 ,simon ( ,cyr5e is se5 assi/+ ,*ri/ to c>ry ! cross4 ,! engrav+ is execut$ 9 a v co>se mann]40,,ii-#bd ,footnote ,,ii-#ba3 ,he9ek51 ,neue ,na*ri*t5 von ,kn/l]n und ,kun/sa*54 ,dresd5 und ,leipzig1 #aghf1 ,s4 #adc4 ,footnote ,,ii-#bb3 ,9 ! ,table des ,matires to ,jans5's ,essai sur l',orig9e de la ,gravure1 ,p>is1 #ahjh1 we f9d 8,dnkelspl 7,nicolas7 graveur ,allem& en #addc40 ,aft] ?is specim5 ( accuracy1 x is r surpris+ t we d n f9d ,/4 ,alexius ref]r$ to also z 8un graveur ,allem&40 ,footnote ,,ii-#bc3 ,/4 ,alexius return+ unkn[n to 8 fa!r's h\se1 z a poor pilgrim1 0 treat$ ) great indignity by ! s]vants4 ,footnote ,,ii-#bd3 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #aac-aae4 ,9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is !re is an anci5t wood-cut ( ,/4 ,b]n>d91 :o is repres5t$ on a t]race1 ! pavem5t ( :i* consi/s ( alt]nate squ>es ( yell[1 r$1 & gre54 ,9 8 "r h& ! sa9t holds some?+ resembl+ ! consecrat$ waf] or ho/1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* is inscrib$ ! "n ( ,*ri/2 & 9 8 left a k9d ( oblong casket1 on :i* are ! words 8,vide1 lege1 dulce nom540 ,^u a scroll above ! head ( ! sa9t is engrav$ ! s5t5ce1 8,ihesus semp] sit 9 ore meo10 & beh9d him1 on a black label1 is 8 "n 9 yell[ lett]s1 8,sanct' ,b]n>d'40 ,! cut is surr\nd$ by a bord] ( foliage1 ) ! emblems ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s at ! f\r corn]s1 & at ! foot are ! five foll[+ l9es1 ) ! date1 impress$ f prom95t l9es3-- ,o 4 spl5dor 4 pudicitie 4 zelator 4 paup]tatis 4 a mator4 innoc5tie 4 cultor 4 virg9itatis 4 lu/ra cors 4 api5tie 4 protector 4 v]itatis 4 ?ro num 4 fulgidum 4 et]ne 4 maje/atis 4 p>a nobis 4 additum 4 div9e 4 pietatis 4 am54 7#aded7 ,?is r>e cut 0 communicat$ to ,jans5 by ,m4 ,vanpraet1 ! well-kn[n bibliograph] & keep] ( ! ,royal ,libr>y4,,ii-#be ,footnote ,,ii-#be3 ,jans51 ,essai sur l',orig9e de la ,gravure1 tom4 i4 p4 #bcg4 ,jans5's own au?ority on subjects connect$ ) wood engrav+ is undes]v+ ( att5tion4 ,he is a m]e compil]1 :o sc>cely appe>s to h be5 able to di/+ui% a wood-cut f a copp]-plate engrav+4 8,hav+ visit$ 9 my la/ t\r10 says ,he9ek51 aft] describ+ ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 8a great _m conv5ts 9 ,franconia1 ,suabia1 ,bav>ia1 & 9 ! ,au/rian /ates1 ,i ev]y:]e discov]$ 9 _! libr>ies _m ( ^? k9ds ( figures1 engrav$ on wood1 & pa/$ ei!r at ! beg9n+ or ! end ( old volumes ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,i h inde$ obta9$ sev]al ( !m4 ,^! facts1 tak5 altoge!r1 h confirm$ me 9 my op9ion t ! next /ep ( ! engrav] 9 wood1 aft] play+-c>ds1 0 to engrave figures ( sa9ts1 :i*1 be+ di/ribut$ & lo/ among ! laity1 7 9 "p pres]v$ by ! monks1 :o pa/$ !m 9 ! e>lie/ pr9t$ books ) :i* !y furni%$ _! libr>ies40,,ii-#bf ,footnote ,,ii-#bf3 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #bea4 ,h>tman ,s*$el1 ! compil] ( ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 0 accu/om$ to pa/e bo? old wood-cuts & copp]-plate engrav+s )9 ! cov]s ( 8 books1 _m ( :i* 7 pres]v$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,elector ( ,bav>ia at ,muni*4--,ide ,gn4 p4 #bhg2 & ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #aae4 ,a great _m wood-cuts ( devotional subjects1 ( a p]iod probably ant]ior to ! inv5tion ( book-pr9t+ by ,gut5b]g1 h be5 discov]$ 9 ,g]many4 ,!y are all execut$ 9 a rude /yle1 & _m ( !m are col\r$4 ,x is n unlikely t ! mo/ ( ^! woodcuts 7 execut$ at ! in/ance ( ! monks = di/ribution among ! common p z helps to devotion2 & t ea* mona/]y1 :i* might ?us avail itself ( ! aid ( wood engrav+ 9 ! "w ( piety1 w\ld cause to be engrav$ ! figure ( its patron sa9t4 ,! practice1 9 fact1 ( di/ribut+ su* figures at mona/]ies & %r9es to ^? :o visit !m1 is n yet ext9ct on ! ,cont95t4 ,9 ,belgium x is /ill cont9u$1 &1 ,i believe1 also 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,italy4 ,! figures1 h[ev]1 are n g5]ally impressions f wood-blocks1 b are = ! mo/ "p :olly execut$ by means ( /5cils4 ,"o ( ! latt] class1 repres5t+ ! %r9e ( 8,notre ,dame de ,hal10--col\r$ 9 ! mo/ wret*$ ta/e ) brick-du/ r$ & %9+ gre51--is n[ ly+ be=e me4 ,x 0 giv5 to a g5tleman :o visit$ ,halle1 ne> ,brussels1 9 #ahbi4 ,x is ne>ly ( ! same size z _m ( ! old devotional wood-cuts ( ,g]many1 be+ ab\t f\r in*es high1 by two & ?ree-qu>t]s wide4,,ii-#bg ,footnote ,,ii-#bg3 ,he9ek5 ?us speaks ( ^? old devotional cuts3 8,on tr\ve dans la ,biblio?que de ,wolf5bttel de ces sortes d'e/ampes1 qui reprs5t5t diffr5s sujets de l'hi/oire sa9te et de dvotion1 avec du texte vis vis de la figure1 t\t grav en bois4 ,ces pices sont de la mme gr&eur que nos c>tes j\]3 elles port5t #c p\ces de hauteur sur #b p\ces #f lignes de l>geur40--,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #bdi4 ,! next /ep 9 ! progress ( wood engrav+1 subsequ5t to ! production ( s+le cuts1 su* z ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ! ,annunciation1 & ! ,/4 ,bridget1 9 ea* ( :i* lett]s are sp>+ly introduc$1 0 ! application ( ! art to ! production ( ^? works :i* are kn[n to bibliograph]s by ! "n ( ,,block-,,books3 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( :i* are ! ,apocalypsis1 seu ,hi/oria ,sancti ,johannis2 ! ,hi/oria ,virg9is ex ,cantico ,canticorum2 & ! ,biblia ,paup]um4 ,! fir/ is a hi/ory1 pictorial & lit]al1 ( ! life & revelations ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 d]iv$ 9 "p f ! traditions ( ! *ur*1 b *iefly f ! book ( ,revelations4 ,! second is a simil> hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 z x is suppos$ to be typifi$ 9 ! ,songs ( ,solomon2 & ! ?ird consi/s ( subjects repres5t+ "s ( ! mo/ important passages 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 ) texts ei!r expla9+ ! subject1 or en=c+ ! example ( duty :i* x may af=d4 ,) ! above1 ! ,speculum ,human ,salvationis is usually1 ?\gh improp]ly1 class$1 z ! :ole ( ! text1 9 t :i* is mo/ c]ta9ly ! fir/ edition1 is pr9t$ f movable metal types4 ,9 ! o!rs ! explanatory matt] is engrav$ on wood1 on ! same block ) ! subject to :i* x ref]s4 ,all ! above books h be5 claim$ by ,me]man & o!r ,dut* writ]s = _! c\ntryman1 ,laur5ce ,co/]3 & al?\gh no date1 ei!r impress$ or manuscript1 has be5 discov]$ 9 any "o copy f :i* ! p]iod ( its execution might be asc]ta9$1,,ii-#bh yet su* appe>s to h be5 ! cle>ness ( ! intuitive light :i* guid$ ^? au?ors1 t !y h assign$ to ea* "w ! precise ye> 9 :i* x appe>$4 ,accord+ to ,seiz1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 o!rwise call$ ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 appe>$ 9 #adcb2 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 9 #adcc2 ! ,apocalypse 9 #adcd2 & ! ,speculum 9 #adci4 ,= su* ass]tions1 h[ev]1 he has n ! slighte/ gr\nd4 ,t ! ?ree fir/ might appe> at "s p]iod betwe5 #adcj & #adej1 is n unlikely2,,ii-#bi b t ! ,speculum--! text ( :i* 9 ! fir/ edition 0 pr9t$ f metal types--%\ld be pr9t$ be=e #adfj1 is 9 ! highe/ degree improbable4 ,footnote ,,ii-#bh3 ,a copy ( ! ,speculum belong+ to ! city ( ,h>lem _h at ! comm5cem5t1 8,ex ,(fic9a ,laur5tii ,joannis ,co/]i4 ,anno #addj40 ,b ?is inscription _h be5 ins]t$ by a mod]n h&--,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #ddi4 ,footnote ,,ii-#bi3 ,9 ! catalogue ( ,dr4 ,kloss's ,libr>y1 ,no4 #bjbd1 is a 8,hi/oria et ,apocalypsis ,johannis ,evangeli/10 imp]fect1 pr9t$ f wood5 blocks4 ,! foll[+ are ! obs]vations ( ! editor or compil] ( ! catalogue3 8,at ! end ( ! volume is a %ort note1 writt5 by ,pope ,m>t9 ,v41 :o occupi$ ! papal *air f #adag to #adca4 ,?is appe>s to accord ) ! edition describ$ by ,he9ek5 at page #cfj1 except+ 9 ! d\ble a1 ,no4 #c & #d40 ,if ! note ref]r$ to 7 g5u9e1 & actually writt5 9 ! book1 a c]ta9 date w\ld be at once e/abli%$4 ,! in=mation1 h[ev]1 comes 9 a que/ionable %ape1 z ! ,engli% rdacteur's p[] ( asc]ta9+ :o 7 ! writ]s ( anci5t ,,ms4 notes appe>s little %ort ( miracul\s4 ,^u extremely slight gr\nds x has be5 conjectur$ t ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 ! ,apocalypse1 & ! ,ars ,mori5di1--ano!r block-book1--7 engrav$ be=e ! ye> #adcj4 ,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,h4 ,horne1 8a g5tleman long & well kn[n = 8 famili> acqua9tance ) books pr9t$ abroad10 says ,dr4 ,dibd91 8_h a copy ( ea* ( ! ?ree books above m5tion$1 b\nd 9 "o volume1 ^u ! cov] ( :i* ! foll[+ words 7 /amp$3 ,hic lib] relegatus fuit p] ,plebanum4 ecclesie0--) ! date1 accord+ to ! be/ ( ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne's recollection1 #adb7h74 ,z he _h brok5 up ! volume1 & _h p>t$ ) ! cont5ts1 he gave ! above in=mation on ! /r5g? ( 8 memory alone4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 confid5t t 8! b9d+ 0 ! anci5t legitimate "o1 & t ! treatises _h n be5 subsequ5tly introduc$ into x1 & t ! date 0 #adb odd2 b positively ant]ior to #adcj40;,,ii-#cj ,footnote ,,ii-#cj3 ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 vol4 i4 p4 #d1 cit$ 9 ,ottley's ,inquiry1 vol4 i4 p4 #ii4 ,9 su* a case z ?is1 h[ev]1 m]e recollection _c be admitt$ z decisive ( ! fact1 m especially :5 we "k ! _m in/ances 9 :i* mi/akes h be5 committ$ 9 read+ ! num]als 9 anci5t dates4 ,at page #hh ( 8 ,inquiry1 ,mr4 ,ottley1 cat*+ at e /raw t may help to support 8 !ory ( wood engrav+ hav+ be5 practis$ by ! ,cunio & o!rs 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ref]s to a pr9t :i* a ,monsieur ,?i]ry pr(ess$ to h se5 at ,lyons1 inscrib$ 8,,s*ot+ ,,( ,,nuremb]g10 ) ! date #achd2 & at p4 #bef he alludes to x aga9 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,! date #achd on ! wood-cut pres]v$ at ,lyons1 said to h be5 execut$ at ,nuremb]g1 appe>s1 ,i "k n :y1 to h be5 suspect$40 ,x has be5 m ?an suspect$2 =1 on exam9ation1 x has be5 f\nd to be #aehd4 ,paul ,von ,/ett9 publi%$ an acc\nt ( a ,biblia ,paup]um1 ! date ( :i* he suppos$ to be #adad2 b :i*1 :5 closely exam9$1 0 f\nd to be #adgd3 & ,b>on ,von ,hups*1 ( ,cologne1 publi%$ 9 #aghg an acc\nt ( "s wood-cuts :i* he suppos$ to h be5 execut$ 9 #adbj2 b :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ,breitkopf1 7 "p ( ! cuts ( a ,biblia ,paup]um1 9 :i* x 0 probably int5d$ to give ! explanations 9 moveable types und]nea? ! cuts1 & probably ( a lat] date ?an #adgj4;,,ii-#ca ,footnote ,,ii-#ca3 ,s+]'s ,rese>*es into ! ,hi/ory ( ,play+-c>ds1 p4 #ajg4 ,x is surpris+ t ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne1 :o is no incuri\s obs]v] ( books1 b an au?or :o has writt5 l>gely on ,bibliography1 %\ld n h c>efully copi$ s rem>kable a date1 or communicat$ x to a fri5d1 :5 x might h be5 confirm$ by a c>eful exam9ation ( ! b9d+2 & /ill m surpris+ is x t su* b9d+ %\ld h be5 de/roy$4 ,f ! v fact ( 8 n hav+ paid m p>ticul> att5tion to ?is mo/ important date1 & f 8 hav+ p]mitt$ ! evid5ce ( x to be de/roy$1 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne seems to be an incompet5t witness4 ,:o w\ld ?9k ( call+ a p]son to prove f recollection ! date ( an old & important de$1 :o1 :5 he _h x 9 8 possession1 0 s little aw>e ( its value z to ?r[ x away8 ,! ?ree books 9 "q1 :5 cov]$ by su* a b9d+1 w\ld surely be mu* great] ?an :5 b\nd 9 any o!r mann]4 ,su* a volume mu/ h be5 unique2 &1 if ! date on ! b9d+ 7 correct1 x mu/ h be5 admitt$ z decisive ( a fact int]e/+ to e bibliograph] 9 ,europe4 ,x is n ev5 m5tion$ 9 :at k9d ( num]als ! date 0 express$1 :e!r 9 ,roman or ,arabic4 ,if ! num]als _h be5 ,arabic1 we might v reasonably suppose t ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne _h mi/ak5 a sev5 = a two1 & t1 in/ead ( 8#adb odd10 ! correct date 0 8#adg odd40 ,9 ,arabic num]als1 su* z 7 us$ ab\t ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! sev5 may v easily be mi/ak5 = a two4 ,! e>lie/ anci5t b9d+ kn[n1 on :i* a date is impress$1 is1 ,i believe1 t describ$ by ,laire4,,ii-#cb ,x is t ( a copy ( 8,sancti ,hi]onymi ,epi/ol20 & ! words1 9 ! same mann] z t ( ! b9d+ ( :i* ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne _h s accurate a recollection1 7 8/amp$ at ! extremity ( ! b9d+1 t[>ds ! edge ( ! squ>es40 ,x is only necess>y to cite ! words impress$ on "o ( ! bo>ds1 :i* 7 z foll[s3 8,illigatus e/ ,anno ,dom9i #adfi ,p] me ,johannem ,ri*5ba* ,capellanum ,9 ,gysl+540,,ii-#cc ,footnote ,,ii-#cb3 ,index ,librorum ab inv5ta ,typographia ad annum #aejj1 ,no4 #cg4 ,footnote ,,ii-#cc3 ,mr4 ,bohn is 9 possession ( a simil>ly b\nd volume1 namely1 8,a/exani de ,a/1 ,scrut9ium ,scriptur>um10 pr9t$ by ,m5tel91 )\t date1 b ab\t #adfh1 on ! pig-sk9 cov]s ( :i* is pr9t$ 9 bold black lett]1 ,p] me ,ri*-en-ba* illigatus 9 ,gyssl+5 #adgj4 ,! num]als ( ! date x is to be obs]v$ 7 ,arabic4 ,9 ! libr>y ( ,dr4 ,kloss ( ,frank=t1 sold 9 ,london by ,so!by & ,son 9 #ahce1 7 two volumes1 8,/4 ,augu/9i de ,civitat4 ,dei1 ,libri xxii4 #adfi10 & 8,/4 ,augu/9i ,confessiones0 ( ! same date2 bo? ( :i* 7 b\nd by 8,johannes ,capellanus 9 ,gysl+510 & :o 9 ! same mann] _h impress$ 8 "n on ! cov]s ) ! date #adgj4 ,bo? volumes _h belong$ to 8,dom9us ,georgius ,ru* de ,gamundia40,,ii-#cd ,t ! volume =m]ly 9 ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne's possession 0 b\nd by ! curate ( ,geissl+5 ,i by no means pret5d to say1 ?\gh ,i am firmly ( op9ion t x 0 b\nd subsequ5t to #adgj1 & t ! "* :i* he suppos$ to be a two 0 9 reality a diff]5t figure4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t x appe>s to h be5 b\nd by ! 8,plebanus0 ( "s *ur*1 a ^w :i* is ne>ly synonym\s ) 8,capellanus40,,ii-#ce ,footnote ,,ii-#cd3 8,catalogue ( ! ,libr>y ( ,dr4 ,kloss ( ,frank=t10 ,nos4 #dfj & #dfh4 ,geissl+5 is ab\t fifte5 miles nor?-we/ ( ,ulm 9 ,suabia1 & ,gemund ab\t twelve miles nor?w>d ( ,geissl+54 ,footnote ,,ii-#ce3 ,mr4 ,s+]1 at page #aja ( 8 ,rese>*es into ! ,hi/ory ( ,play+-c>ds1 speaks ( 8"o ,plebanus ( ,augsburg10 z if ,plebanus 7 a prop] "n4 ,x has ne>ly ! same mean+ z our own ^w 8,curate40 8,,plebanus1 ,p>cus1 ,curio1 ,sac]dos1 qui plebi pre/2 ,italis1 ,piovano2 ,gallo-,belgis1 ,pleban4 ,balbus 9 ,ca?olico3 #8,plebanus1 dom9us plebis1 ,presbyt]1 qui plebem regit4'--,plebanum v]o maxime vocant 9 ecclesiis ca!dralibus seu collegiatis canonicum1 cui plebis e>um jurisdictioni subdit cura committitur40--,du ,cange1 ,gloss>ium1 9 v]bo 8,plebanus40 ,z x does n come )9 ! plan ( ! pres5t volume to give a catalogue ( all ! subjects conta9$ 9 ! block-books to :i* x may be necess>y to ref] z illu/rat+ ! progress ( wood engrav+1 ,i %all conf9e myself to a g5]al notice ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! cuts are execut$1 ) occasional obs]vations on ! designs1 & su* rem>ks z may be likely to expla9 any peculi>ity ( appe>ance1 or to enable ! read] to =m a di/9ct idea ( ! subject ref]r$ to4 ,at :atev] p]iod ! ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & ! ,biblia ,paup]um may h be5 execut$1 ! =m] has ! appe>ance ( be+ ! e>lie/2 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ev]y?+ l pro( ^u ! po9t1 & z ! /yle 9 :i* x is engrav$ is c]ta9ly m simple ?an t ( ! o!r two1 x seems entitl$ to be fir/ notic$ 9 trac+ ! progress ( ! art4 ,( ! ,apocalypse1--or 8,hi/oria ,sancti ,johannis ,evangeli/ ejusque ,visiones ,apocalyptic10 z x is mo/ly t]m$ by bibliograph]s1 = ! book itself has no title1--,he9ek5 m5tions no less ?an six editions1 ! e>lie/ ( :i* he consid]s to be t describ$ by him at page #cfg ( 8 8,ide ,gnrale d'une ,collection complte d',e/ampes40 ,he1 h[ev]1 decl>es t ! m>ks by :i* he has assign$ to ea* edition its comp>ative antiquity are n infallible4 ,x is inde$ v evid5t t ! m>ks :i* he assum$ z *>act]i/ic ( ! relative ord] ( ! diff]5t editions 7 m]ely arbitr>y1 & c\ld by no means be admitt$ z ( ! slighte/ consequ5ce 9 enabl+ any p]son to =m a correct op9ion on ! subject4 ,he notices two editions z ! fir/ & second1 & imm$iately aft] he m5tions a circum/ance :i* might almo/ entitle ! ?ird to take prec$5ce ( !m bo?2 & t :i* he saw la/ he ?9ks ! olde/ ( all4 ,! designs ( ! second edition describ$ by him1 he says1 are by ano!r ma/] ?an ^? ( ! fir/1 al?\gh ! arti/ has adh]$ to ! same subjects & ! same ideas4 ,! ?ird1 accord+ to 8 obs]vations1 diff]s f ! fir/ & second1 bo? 9 ! subjects & ! descriptive text4 ,! f\r? edition is f ! same blocks z ! ?ird2 ! only diff]5ce betwe5 !m be+1 t ! f\r? is )\t ! lett]s 9 alphabetical ord] :i* indicate ! succession ( ! cuts4 ,! fif? diff]$ f ! ?ird or f\r? only 9 ! text & ! direct+ lett]s1 z ! designs 7 ! same2 ! only v>iations t c\ld be obs]v$ be+ extremely trifl+4 ,aft] hav+ describ$ five editions ( ! book1 he decides t a six?1 :i* he saw aft] ! o!rs1 ought to be consid]$ ! e>lie/ ( all4,,ii-#cf ,9 all ! copies :i* he _h se51 ! impressions _h be5 tak5 by means ( a rubb]1 9 su* a mann] t ea* leaf conta9$ only "o engrav+2 ! o!r side1 :i* commonly bore ! m>ks ( ! rubb]1 be+ )\t a cut4 ,! impressions :5 collect$ into a volume fac$ ea* o!r1 s t ! fir/ & la/ pages 7 blank4 ,footnote ,,ii-#cf3 ,ide ,gnrale1 pp4 #ccd-cgj4 ,! edition ( ! ,apocalypse to :i* ,i %all n[ ref] is t describ$ by ,he9ek51 at page #cfd1 z ! fif?2 & ! copy is t m5tion$ by him1 at page #cfg1 z !n be+ 9 ! collection ( ,m4 de ,gaignat1 & z want+ two cuts1 ,nos4 #cf & #cg4 ,x is at pres5t 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration ,x is a ?9 folio 9 mod]n r$ morocco b9d+1 & has1 :5 p]fect1 consi/$ ( fifty wood engrav+s1 ) _! explanatory text also cut 9 wood1 g5]ally )9 an oblong bord] ( a s+le l9e1 )9 ! field ( ! engrav+1 & n add$ und]nea?1 z 9 ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 nor 9 deta*$ comp>tm5ts1 bo? above & bel[1 z 9 ! ,biblia ,paup]um4 ,! pap]1 :i* is some:at ( a cream col\r1 is /\t1 ) r a co>se surface1 & su* z we f9d ! mo/ anci5t books pr9t$ on4 ,z ea* leaf has be5 pa/$ d[n on ano!r ( mod]n pap]1 9 ord] to pres]ve x1 ! m>ks ( ! rubb] at ! back ( ea* impression1 z describ$ by ,he9ek51 _c be se54 ,! annex$ outl9e is a r$uc$ copy ( a pap]-m>k1 :i* may be p]ceiv$ on "s ( ! leaves4 ,x is v l t numb]$ 8vii40 at p4 #bbd1 vol4 i4 ( ,mr4 ,ottley's ,inquiry1 & :i* he says occurs 9 ! edition call$ ! fir/ ,lat9 ( ! ,speculum ,salvationis4 ,x is ne>ly ! same z t :i* is to be se5 9 ,e>l ,sp5c]'s 8,hi/oria ,virg9is20 & ,sant&] /ates t he has notic$ a simil> m>k 9 books pr9t$ at ,cologne by ,ulric ,zell1 & ,b>t4 de ,unkel2 at ,l\va9 by ,john ,veld5] & ,conrad ,bra52 & 9 books pr9t$ at ,utre*t by ,nic4 ,ketela] & ,g]>d de ,leempt4 ,! size ( ! l>ge/ cuts1 z def9$ by ! pla9 l9es :i* =m ! bord]1 is ab\t t5 & five-eigh?s in*es high1 by sev5 & six-eigh?s in*es wide2 ( ! smalle/1 t5 & two-eigh?s in*es high1 by sev5 & ?ree-eigh?s wide4,,ii-#cg ,! ord] 9 :i* !y are to be plac$ 9 b9d+ is indicat$ by a lett] ( ! alphabet1 :i* s]ves ! same purpose z our mod]n signatures1--engrav$ 9 a conspicu\s "p ( ! cut4 ,= in/ance1 ! fir/ two1 :i*1 z well z ! o!rs1 might ei!r face ea* o!r or be pa/$ back to back1 are ea* m>k$ ) ! lett] a2 ! two next ) ! lett] b1 & s on ?r\gh ! alphabet4 ,z ! alphabet--:i* has ! i ! same z ! j1 ! v ! same z ! u1 & has n ! w--became exhau/$ at ! =ty-six? cut1 ! =ty-sev5? & =ty-eigh? are m>k$ ) a "* :i* 0 us$ to repres5t ! words 8et cet]a20 & ! =ty-n9? & fiftie? ) ! t]m9al abbreviation ( ! lett]s 8u40 ,9 ! copy describ$ by ,he9ek51 he obs]v$ t ! direct+ lett]s m & n 7 want+ 9 ! tw5ty-f\r? & tw5ty-six? cuts1 & 9 ! copy "u consid]ation !y are also omitt$4 ,! m1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h be5 engrav$1 ?\gh = "s reason or o!r n to h be5 ink$ 9 tak+ an impression2 = on a c>eful exam9ation ( ?is cut1--)\t be+ aw>e at ! "t ( ,he9ek5 hav+ notic$ ! omission1--,i ?\ght t ,i c\ld v pla9ly disc]n ! ind5tion ( ! lett] above "o ( ! angels 9 ! upp] comp>tm5t ( ! pr9t4 ,footnote ,,ii-#cg3 ,9 ! copy ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,in*es4 ,in*es4 ,! l>ge/ cut is #aj-d_/h high1 & #g-e_/h wide4 ,! smalle/ -- #aj-a_/h -- -- #g-e_/h -- ,9 ! ,hi/oria ,virg9is1 also 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,! l>ge/ cut is #aj-c_/h high1 & #g-b_/h wide4 ,! smalle/ -- #i-g_/h -- -- #f-g_/h -- ,( ! =ty-eight cuts,,ii-#ch conta9$ 9 ! ,museum copy1 ! great] numb] are divid$ by a horizontal l9e1 ne>ly 9 ! middle1 & ?us ea* consi/s ( two comp>tm5ts2 ( ! rema9d]1 ea* is occupi$ by a s+le subject1 :i* fills ! :ole page4 ,9 "s1 ! explanatory text consi/s only ( two or ?ree l9es2 & 9 o!rs x occupies s l>ge a space1 t if x 7 set up 9 mod]ately siz$ type1 x w\ld be suffici5t to fill a duodecimo page4 ,! *>act]s are diff]5t f ^? 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 & ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 & are small] ?an ^? ( ! =m]1 & g5]ally l>g] & m di/9ctly cut ?an ^? ( ! latt]2 & al?\gh1 z well z 9 ! two la/-nam$ books1 ! words are mu* abbreviat$1 yet !y are m easy to be made out ?an ! text ( ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,! impressions on ! :ole are bett] tak5 ?an ^? ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 ?\gh 9 light]-col\r$ ink1 some?+ l a greyi% sepia1 & app>5tly ( a ?9n] body4 ,x does n appe> to h conta9$ any oil1 & is m l di/emp] or wat]-col\r ?an pr9t]'s ink4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* ! l9es are ind5t$ 9 ! pap]1 9 sev]al ( ! cuts1 x is evid5t t !y mu/ ei!r h be5 subject$ to a consid]able degree ( pressure or h be5 v h>d rubb$4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ch3 ,! two :i* are want+ are ^? numb]$ #cf & #cg--t is1 ! second s1 & ! fir/ t--9 ,he9ek5's collation4 ,al?\gh !re is a memor&um at ! comm5cem5t ( ! book t ^? cuts are want+1 yet ! p]son :o has put 9 ! numb]s1 9 manuscript1 at ! foot ( ea*1 has n notic$ ! omission1 b has cont9u$ ! numb]s consecutively1 m>k+ t #cf :i* 9 a p]fect copy is #ch1 & s on to ! re/4 ,a ref]5ce to ,he9ek5 f ^? manuscript numb]s subsequ5t to ! ?irty-fif? cut w\ld lead to error4 ,al?\gh "s ( ! figures be> a consid]able degree ( lik5ess to o!rs ( ! same k9d 9 ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 ,i _c ?9k t ! designs = bo? books 7 made by ! same p]son4 ,! figures 9 ! diff]5t works :i* mo/ resemble ea* o!r are ^? ( sa9ts & angels1 ^: =m & expression h be5 repres5t$ accord+ to a conv5tional /&>d1 to :i* mo/ ( ! arti/s ( ! p]iod con=m$1 9 ! same mann] z 9 repres5t+ ! ,almighty & ,*ri/1 :e!r !y 7 pa9t]s1 glass-/a9]s1 c>v]s1 or wood-engrav]s4 ,9 _m ( ! figures ! drap]y is brok5 into easy & natural folds by means ( s+le l9es2 & if ?is 7 admitt$ z a gr\nd = assign+ ! cut ( ! ,annunciation to ,italy1 ) mu* great] reason might ! ,apocalypse be ascrib$ to ! same c\ntry4 ,)\t v5tur+ to give an op9ion :e!r ! cuts 7 engrav$ 9 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 or 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 ! draw+ ( _m ( ! figures appe>s to correspond ) ! idea t ,i h =m$ ( ! /yle ( ,greek art1 su* z x 0 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,/4 ,john 0 ! fav\rite apo/le ( ! ,greeks1 z ,/4 ,pet] 0 ( ! *ur* ( ,rome2 & z ! ,revelations 7 m especially address$ to ! *ur*es ( ,greece1 !y 7 m g5]ally read 9 t c\ntry ?an 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,arti/s mo/ly copy1 9 ! heads :i* !y draw1 ! g5]al expression ( ! c\ntry,,ii-#ci to :i* !y belong1 & :]e !y h receiv$ _! fir/ impressions2 & 9 ! ,apocalypse ! "* ( sev]al ( ! heads appe>s to be decid$ly ,grecian4 ,! g5]al repres5tation1 too1 ( sev]al visions w\ld seem to h be5 sugge/$ by a ,greek :o 0 famili> ) t portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* 0 s g5]ally p]us$ 9 8 native l&1 & ^: annunciations & figurative prophecies 71 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 commonly suppos$ by 8 c\ntrym5 to relate to ! ,turks1 :o at t "t 7 triumph+ ov] ! cross4 ,) !m ,mahomet 0 ! ,anti*ri/ ( ! ,revelations1 & 8 foll[]s ! p be>+ ! m>k ( ! bea/1 :o 7 to p]secute1 & = a "t to hold 9 bondage1 ! memb]s ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,z _m ,greeks1 bo? arti/s & s*ol>s1 7 driv5 f _! c\ntry by ! oppression ( ! ,turks sev]al ye>s be=e ! tak+ ( ,con/ant9ople 9 #adec1 ,i am induc$ to ?9k t to a ,greek we owe ! designs ( ?is edition ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,9 ! l[] division ( ! tw5ty-?ird cut1 m1 repres5t+ ! fight ( ,mi*ael & 8 angels ) ! dragon1 ! foll[+ %ields are borne by two ( ! heav5ly ho/4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ci3 ,witness ,rembr&t1 :o nev] gets rid ( ! ,dut* "*1 no matt] h[ elevat$ 8 subject may be4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! cresc5t1 z is well kn[n1 0 "o ( ! badges ( ,con/ant9ople long previ\s to its capture by ! ,turks4 ,! sort ( cross 9 ! o!r %ield is v l t 9 ! arms ( ! knights ( ,/4 ,con/ant9e1 a milit>y ord] :i* is said to h be5 f\nd$ at ,con/ant9ople by ! ,emp]or ,isaac ,angelus ,comn5us1 9 #aaij4 ,! above co9cid5ces1 ?\gh trifl+1 t5d to support ! op9ion t ! designs 7 made by a ,greek arti/4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 possible1 t ! badges on ! %ields may h be5 sugge/$ by ! m]e fancy ( ! design]1 & t !y may equally resemble ! h]aldic be>+s ( "s ord] or ( "s individuals ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,?\gh "s ( ! designs are v indiff]5t1 yet !re are o!rs :i* display consid]able ability1 & sev]al ( ! s+le figures are decid$ly sup]ior to any t are conta9$ 9 ! o!r block-books4 ,!y are drawn ) great] vig\r & feel+2 & ?\gh ! designs ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um %[ a great] k ( ! me*anism ( art1 yet ! be/ ( !m1 9 po9t ( expression & emphatic m>k+ ( "*1 are inf]ior to ! be/ 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,) respect to ! engrav+1 ! cuts are execut$ 9 ! simple/ mann]1 z !re is n ! lea/ attempt at %ad+1 by means ( cross l9es or hat*+s1 to be p]ceiv$ 9 any "o ( ! designs4 ,! mo/ difficult "p ( ! engrav]'s task1 suppos+ ! draw+s to h be5 made by ano!r p]son1 w\ld be ! cutt+ ( ! lett]s1 :i* 9 sev]al ( ! subjects mu/ h occupi$ a consid]able portion ( "t1 & h requir$ no small degree ( c>e4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( ! fir/ cut4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! upp] portion ( ! subject1 ,/4 ,john is se5 address+ f\r p]sons1 ?ree m5 & a woman2 & ! text at ! top in=ms u ( ! success ( 8 m9i/ry3 8,conv]si ab idolis1 p] pr$icationem beati ,johannis1 ,drusiana et cet]i40--8,by ! prea*+ ( ,/4 ,john1 ,drusiana & o!rs are )drawn f _! idols40 ,! lett] a1 a little above ! sa9t's out/ret*$ h&1 indicates t ! cut is ! fir/ ( ! s]ies4 ,9 ! l[] comp>tm5t ,/4 ,john is se5 baptiz+ ,drusiana1 :o1 z %e /&s nak$ 9 ! font1 is ( v small size comp>$ ) ! sa9t4 ,! situation 9 :i* ,drusiana is plac$ might be alleg$ 9 support ( _! peculi> t5ets1 ei!r by ! ,bapti/s1 :o advocate imm]sion z ! prop] mode ( adm9i/]+ ! rite1 or by ^? :o consid] spr9kl+ z suffici5t2 b 9 ea* case ) a difficulty :i* x w\ld n be easy to expla93 = if ,drusiana 7 to be baptiz$ by imm]sion1 ! font is too small to all[ h] to be dipp$ ov]head2 & if ! rite 7 to be adm9i/]$ by m]e spr9kl+1 :y is %e /&+ nak$ 9 ! font8 ,to ! "r ( ! cut are sev]al figures1 two ( :om are provid$ ) axes1 :o seem wi%ful to break op5 ! door ( ! *apel 9 :i* ,/4 ,john & 8 proselyte are se54 ,! inscription above _! heads lets u "k t !y are--8,cultores ydolorum explorantes facta ejus20-- 8,wor%ipp]s ( idols wat*+ ! sa9t's proce$+s40 ,! foll[+ cut is a copy ( ! eighte5? ( ! ,apocalypse1 :i* is illu/rative ( ! ,x,ith & ,x,i,i,ith *apt]s ( ,revelations4 ,! upp] portion repres5ts ! execution ( ! two witnesses ( ! ,"l1 :o are 9 ! tablet nam$ ,eno* & ,helyas1 by ! comm& ( ! bea/ :i* asc5de? out ( ! bottomless pit1 & :i* is ,anti*ri/4 ,he is se5 issu+ 8 comm&s = ! execution ( ! witnesses2 & ! face ( ! execution] :o has j us$ 8 sword1 & :o is look+ t[>ds him ) an expression ( brutal exultation1 might h s]v$ ,alb]t ,dur] = t ( ! mock] 9 8 cut ( ,*ri/ cr[n$ ) ?orns4 ,illu/ration ,! inscription to ! "r1 is ! #g? v]se ( ! ,x,ith *apt]1 ) ! names ( ,eno* & ,helyas ins]t$ z ^? ( ! two witnesses3 8,cum f9i]unt ,eno* et ,helyas te/imonium suum1 be/ia qu asc5dit de abisso faciet contra eos bellum1 et v9cet eos et occidet illos40 ,9 our translation ! v]se is r5d]$ ?us3 8,& :5 !y %all h f9i%$ _! te/imony1 ! bea/ t asc5de? out ( ! bottomless pit %all make w> aga9/ !m1 & %all ov]come !m & kill !m40 ,! tablet to ! left conta9s ! foll[+ inscription3 8,et jacebunt corpora eorum 9 plateis1 et non s95t poni 9 monum5tis40 ,x is =m$ ( two passages1 9 ! #h? & #i? v]ses ( ! ,x,ith *apt] ( ,revelations1 :i* are ?us r5d]$ 9 our v]sion ( ! ,bible3 8,& _! dead bodies %all lie 9 ! /reet1 4 4 4 & !y ( ! p 4 4 4 %all n suff] _! dead bodies to be put 9 graves40 ,9 ! l[] comp>tm5t ,anti*ri/ is se5 work+ 8 miracles1 uproot+ ! two olive trees1 typical ( ! two witnesses :om he _h caus$ to be sla94,,ii-#dj ,two ( 8 foll[]s are se5 kneel+ z if wor%ipp+ him1 :ile m to ! left are ! support]s ( ! true fai? deliv]$ into ! h&s ( execution]s4 ,! design is illu/rative ( ! ,x,i,i,ith *apt] ( ,revelations4 ,! foll[+ is ! inscription above ! figure ( ,anti*ri/3--8,hic facit ,anti*ri/us miracula sua1 et cr$5tes 9 ipsum honorat1 et incr$5tes v>iis int]ficit pnis40--8,"h ,anti*ri/ is p]=m+ 8 miracles1 hon\r+ ^? :o believe 9 him1 & putt+ ! incr$ul\s to dea? by v>i\s puni%m5ts40 ,! leaves ( ! trees :i* ,anti*ri/ has miracul\sly uproot$ are extremely l ^? ( ! tree ( life engrav$ 9 "o ( ! cuts ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 & ( :i* a copy w be f\nd 9 a subsequ5t page4 ,footnote ,,ii-#dj3 ,revelations1 *ap4 xi4 v]ses #c;d & #d?4 ,9 sev]al ( ! cuts1 ! typical expressions :i* occur 9 ! texts are expla9$4 ,?us1 9 cut eigh?1 we are in=m$ t 8,/ol alb anim>um gloriam designant40--8,! :ite ve/m5ts d5ote ! glory ( dep>t$ s\ls40 ,9 ! l[] comp>tm5t ( ! same cut1 ! 8cli recessio0--8! op5+ ( ! heav5s0--is expla9$ to be ! communication ( ! ,bible to ! ,g5tiles4 ,9 ! l[] comp>tm5t ( ! n9? cut1 8mu* inc5se0 is said to signify ! precepts ( ! ,gospel2 ! 8c5s]s10 ! he>ts ( ! ,apo/les2 & ! 8gold5 alt>10 ! ,*ur*4 ,! next block-book :i* dem&s notice is t nam$ 8,hi/oria seu ,provid5tia ,virg9is ,m>i1 ex ,cantico ,canticorum30 t is1 8,! ,hi/ory or ,prefiguration ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 f ! ,song ( ,songs40 ,x is ( small-folio size1 & consi/s ( sixte5 leaves1 pr9t$ on "o side only by means ( friction2 & ! ink is ( a d>k br[n1 approa*+ ne>ly to black4 ,ea* impress$ page conta9s two subjects1 "o above ! o!r2 ! total numb] ( subjects 9 ! book is1 consequ5tly1 ?irty-two4 ,( ?is book1 accord+ to ! obs]vations ( ,he9ek51 !re are two editions2 :i*1 f v>iations notic$ by him 9 ! explanatory text1 are evid5tly f diff]5t blocks2 b1 z ! designs are precisely ! same1 x is c]ta9 t ! "o has be5 copi$ f ! o!r4,,ii-#da ,t :i* he consid]s to be ! fir/ edition1 has1 9 8 op9ion1 be5 engrav$ 9 ,g]many2 ! o!r1 he ?9ks1 0 a copy ( ! orig9al1 execut$ by "s engrav] 9 ,holl&4 ,! pr9cipal gr\nd on :i* he det]m9es ! priority ( ! editions is1 t 9 ! "o ! text is mu* m correctly giv5 ?an 9 ! o!r2 & he !nce concludes t ! mo/ correct w\ld be ! second4 ,9 ?is op9ion ,i concur2 n t 8 rule w univ]sally hold good1 b t 9 ?is case ! conclusion :i* he has drawn seems ! mo/ probable4 ,! designs1 x is admitt$1 are precisely ! same2 & z ! cuts ( ! "o w\ld 9 all probability be engrav$ f trac+s or transf]s ( ! o!r1 x is n likely t we %\ld f9d su* a diff]5ce 9 ! text ( ! two editions if t ( ! fir/ 7 correct4 ,a wood-engrav]--on ?is po9t ,i speak f exp]i5ce--w\ld be mu* m likely to commit lit]al errors 9 copy+ manuscript1 ?an to deviate 9 cutt+ a fac-simile f a correct impression4 ,_h ! text ( ! fir/ edition be5 correct1--consid]+ t ! designs ( ! "o edition are exact copies ( ^? ( ! o!r1--x is probable t ! text ( bo? w\ld h be5 m ne>ly alike4 ,b z !re are sev]al errors 9 ! text ( ! fir/ edition1 x is mo/ likely t _m ( !m w\ld be discov]$ & correct$ by ! p]son at ^: in/ance ! designs 7 copi$ = ! second4 ,diametrically opposite to ?is conclusion is t ( ,mr4 ,ottley1 :o argues z foll[s3,,ii-#db 8,he9ek5 endeav\rs to draw ano!r argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! orig9ality ( ! edition possess$ by ,p]tusati1 ,v]duss51 & ! ,bodleian libr>y1 f ! v>i\s errors1 9 t edition1 9 ! ,lat9 inscriptions on ! scrolls2 :i*1 he says1 are correct$ 9 ! o!r edition4 ,b x is evid5t t ?is circum/ance makes 9 fav\r ( an opposite conclusion4 ,! arti/ :o orig9ally inv5t$ ! "w mu/ h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ,lat91 s9ce x is1 9 fact1 no o!r ?an an union ( _m ( ! mo/ beautiful v]ses ( ! ,book ( ,canticles1 ) a s]ies ( designs illu/rative ( ! div9e my/]ies suppos$ to be reveal$ 9 t sacr$ poem2 &1 consequ5tly1 we h reason to consid] t edition ! orig9al 9 :i* ! inscriptions are giv5 ) ! mo/ correctness2 & to ascribe ! gross blund]s 9 ! o!r to ! ignorance ( "s ord9>y wood-engrav] by :om ! "w 0 copi$40 ,ev5 grant+ ! assumption t ! engrav] ( ! edition1 suppos$ by ,mr4 ,ottley to be ! fir/1 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,lat91 & t he :o engrav$ ! presum$ second did n und]/& a ^w ( t language1 yet x by no means foll[s t ! latt] c\ld n make a correct trac+ ( ! engrav$ text ly+ be=e him4 ,because a draughtsman is unacqua9t$ ) a language1 x w\ld c]ta9ly be mo/ errone\s to inf] t he w\ld be incapable ( copy+ ! *>act]s correctly4 ,besides1 ?\gh x does n b5efit 8 argum5t a :it1 x is surely assum+ too mu* to ass]t t ! arti/ :o made ! designs also select$ ! texts1 & t he mu/ h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ,lat92 & t he :o execut$ ,mr4 ,ottley's presum$ second edition 0 "s ignorant ord9>y wood-engrav]4 ,did ! arti/s :o execut$ ! fac-similes 9 ,mr4 ,ottley's "w1 or 9 ,dr4 ,dibd9's 8,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana10 und]/& ! abbreviat$ ,lat9 :i* 9 _m in/ances !y _h to engrave2 & did !y 9 consequ5ce ( _! ignorance ( t language copy incorrectly ! orig9al texts & s5t5ces :i* 7 be=e !m8 ,footnote ,,ii-#da3 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #cgf4 ,footnote ,,ii-#db3 ,inquiry1 vol4 i4 p4 #adj4 ,9 a copy :i* ,he9ek5 consid]s to be ( ! second edition1 belong+ to ! city ( ,h>lem1 t writ] obs]v$ ! foll[+ inscription1 f a wood block1 impress$1 z ,i und]/& him1 at ! top ( ! fir/ cut4 8,dit is die vo]s9i*eit va ,m>ie d] mod 4 godes 4 en is gehete 9 la? 4 ,cti40 ,?is inscription--:i* ,he9ek5 says is 8en langue ,flam&e1 ou pltt en ,plt-,alem&0--may be express$ 9 ,engli% z foll[s3 8,?is is ! prefiguration ( ,m>y ! "m ( ,god1 & is 9 ,lat9 nam$ ! ,canticles40 ,he9ek5 expresses no d\bt ( ?is inscription be+ g5u9e1 ?\gh he makes use ( x z an argum5t 9 support ( 8 op9ion1 t ! copy 9 :i* x occurs 0 "o ( lat] edition2 8= x is well kn[n10 he obs]ves1 8t ! e>lie/ editions ( pr9t$ books are )\t titles1 & m especially ^? ( block-books40 ,z ?is inscription1 h[ev]1 has be5 f\nd 9 ! ,h>lem copy only1 ,i am incl9$ to agree ) ,mr4 ,ottley 9 consid]+ x z a silly fraud devis$ by "s ( ! compatriots ( ,co/] = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a fact :i* x is1 9 reality1 mu* bett] calculat$ to ov]?r[4,,ii-#dc ,footnote ,,ii-#dc3 ,inquiry1 p4 #adj4 ,he9ek51 :o appe>s to h _h m k ?an ta/e on ! subject ( art1 decl>es ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 to be 8! mo/ ,go?ic ( all ! block-books2 t x is diff]5t f !m bo? 9 ! /yle ( ! designs & ( ! engrav+2 & t ! figures are v l ! anci5t sculptures 9 ! *ur*es ( ,g]many40 ,if by ! t]m 8,go?ic0 he means rude & ta/eless1 ,i diff] ) him entirely2 =1 ?\gh !re be great sam5ess 9 ! subjects1 yet ! figures1 g5]ally1 are m gracefully design$ ?an ^? ( any o!r block-book t ,i h se54 ,comp>$ ) !m1 ^? ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um & ! ,speculum might be t]m$ 8,go?ic0 inde$4 ,illu/ration ,! above gr\p1--f t :i* ,he9ek5 consid]s ! fir/ edition1--9 :i* ! figures are ( ! size ( ! orig9als1 is tak5 f ! sev5? subject 9 ,mr4 ,ottley's enum]ation2,,ii-#dd t is1 f ! upp] portion ( ! f\r? cut4 ,footnote ,,ii-#dd3 ,inquiry1 p4 #add1 vol4 i4 ,! text is ! #ad? v]se ( ! #a/ *apt] ( ! ,song ( ,solomon3 8,botrus cipri dilectus meus int] v9eas enngadi20 :i* 9 our ,bible is translat$3 8,my belov$ is unto me z a clu/] ( camphire 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ,en-g$i40 ,9 e cut ! female figures are almo/ precisely ! same1 & ! drap]y & ! expression sc>cely v>y4 ,f ! easy & graceful attitudes ( 8 female figures1 z well z f ! mann] 9 :i* !y are clo!d1 ! arti/ may be consid]$ z ! ,/o?>d ( 8 day4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! two prec$+ subjects are impress$ on ! second leaf1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are "h repres5t$1 =m+ ,nos4 #c & #d 9 ,mr4 ,ottley's enum]ation4 ,!y are r$uc$ copies f ! orig9als 9 ! fir/ edition1 & af=d a correct idea ( a complete page4,,ii-#de ,footnote ,,ii-#de3 ,! copy f :i* ! prec$+ specim5s are giv5 0 =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,m4 ,cra*]ode1 by :om x 0 left1 ) ! re/ ( 8 valuable collection ( books1 to ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,on ! scroll to ! left1 9 ! upp] subject1 ! words are int5d$ =--8,trahe me1 po/ te curremus 9 odore ungu5torum tuorum40 ,!y are to be f\nd 9 ! #d? & #crd v]ses ( ! #a/ *apt] ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,9 our ,bible ! phrases are translat$ z foll[s3 8,draw me1 we w run aft] !e1 4 4 4 9 ! sav\r ( ?y good o9tm5ts40 ,9 ! scroll to ! "r1 ! inscription is f ! #ad? v]se ( ! ,i,ind *apt]3 8,sonet vox tua 9 auribus meis1 vox enim tua dulcis et facies tua decora30 :i* is ?us r5d]$ 9 our ,bible3 8,let me he> ?y voice1 = sweet is ?y voice1 & ?y c\nt5ance is comely40 ,on ! scroll to ! left1 9 ! l[] comp>tm5t1 is ! foll[+ inscription1 f v]se #aj?1 *apt] ,i,ind3 8,en dilectus meus loquitur mihi1 ,surge1 prop]a1 amica mea30 9 our ,bible translat$ ?us3 8,my belov$ spake1 & said unto me1 ,rise up1 my love1 my fair "o1 & come away40 ,! inscription on ! scroll to ! "r is f #a/ v]se ( *apt] ,i,vth3 8,quam pul*ra es amica mea1 quam pul*ra es6 ,oculi tui columb>um1 absque eo quod intr9secus latet40 ,! translation ( ?is passage 9 our ,bible does n correspond ) t ( ! ,vulgate 9 ! la/ clause3 8,behold ?\ art fair1 my love2 behold ?\ art fair2 ?\ ha/ doves' eyes )9 ?y locks40 ,! /yle 9 :i* ! cuts ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 are engrav$ indicates a m advanc$ /ate ( art ?an ^? 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,! field ( ea* cut is altoge!r bett] fill$1 & ! subjects conta9 m ( :at an engrav] w\ld t]m 8"w20 & %ad[+1 :i* is repres5t$ by c\rses ( s+le l9es1 is also introduc$4 ,! back-gr\nds are bett] put 91 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole book may be obs]v$ sev]al indications ( a p]ception ( natural beauty2 su* z ! occasional introduction ( trees1 fl[]s1 & animals4 ,a v9e-/ock1 ) its trellis1 is happily & ta/efully introduc$ at folio #d & folio #aj2 & at folio #ab a goat & two %eep1 drawn & engrav$ ) consid]able ability1 are p]ceiv$ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,sev]al o!r in/ances ( a simil> k9d might be po9t$ out z pro(s t ! arti/1 :oev] he might be1 0 no unwor?y precursor ( ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,f a fanci$ delicacy 9 ! engrav+ ( ! cuts ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 ,dr4 ,dibd9 0 l$ to conjecture t !y 7 ! 8production ( "s metallic sub/ance1 & n /ruck (f f wood5 blocks40,,ii-#df ,?is speculation is ! result ( a total ignorance ( ! practical "p ( wood engrav+1 & ( ! capabilities ( ! art2 & ! v process :i* is sugge/$ involves a great] difficulty ?an t :i* is s\ght to be remov$4 ,b1 9 fact1 s f> f ! engrav+s be+ execut$ ) a delicacy unatta9able on wood1 !re is no?+ 9 !m--s f> z ! m]e cutt+ ( fanci$ delicate l9es is conc]n$--:i* a m]e appr5tice ( ! pres5t day1 us+ v ord9>y tools1 w\ld n execute z well1 ei!r on pe>-tree1 apple-tree1 or bee*1 ! k9ds ( wood on :i* ! e>lie/ engrav+s are suppos$ to h be5 made4 ,work+ on box1 !re is sc>cely a l9e 9 all ! s]ies :i* a skilful wood-engrav] c\ld n split4 ,9 a simil> mann] ,mr4 ,john ,l&se] conjectur$ f ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( cross-hat*+ 9 ! wood engrav+s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 t !y1 in/ead ( be+ cut on wood1 _h 9 reality be5 execut$ on type-metal2 al?\gh1 z is kn[n to e wood-engrav]1 ! execution ( su* hat*+s on type-metal w\ld be m difficult ?an on wood4 ,:51 9 refutation ( 8 op9ion1 he 0 %[n impressions f su* presum$ blocks or plates ( type-metal1 :i* f c]ta9 m>ks 9 ! impressions _h be5 evid5tly worm-eat51 he--9 ! g5u9e /yle ( an 8+5i\s disputant0 :o c\ld 8,confute ! exciseman & puzzle ! vic>1--0 ab&on$ type-metal1 & =tifi$ 8 8/ubborn op9ion beh9d vegetable putties or pa/es t are capable ( be+ h>d5$--or any sub/ance t is capable ( be+ worm-eat540,,ii-#dg ,su* 8comm5ta op9ionum0--! m]e figm5ts ( conjecture--only des]ve notice 9 consequ5ce ( _! extravagance4 ,footnote ,,ii-#df3 ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 vol4 i4 p4 #cf4 ,mr4 ,ottley cites ! passage at p4 #aci1 vol i4 ( 8 ,inquiry1 = ! purpose ( express+ 8 diss5t f ! !ory4 ,footnote ,,ii-#dg3 ,l&se]'s ,lectures on ! ,art ( ,engrav+1 pp4 #bja-bje1 #hvo4 ,london1 #ahjg4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 9 ! same mann] z e o!r anci5t block-book1 has be5 claim$ = ,co/] by ^? :o ascribe to him ! inv5tion bo? ( wood engrav+ & pr9t+ ) moveable types2 b if ev5 ! *ur*w>d5 ( ,/4 ,bavon's 9 ,h>lem ev] _h h&l$ a grav]1 or made a design1 or if he 0 ev5 ! cause ( wood-cuts be+ engrav$ by o!rs1--e "o ( :i* ass]tions ,i v mu* d\bt1--,i %\ld yet feel /rongly incl9$ to believe t ! "w 9 "q 0 ! production ( an arti/ resid+ ei!r 9 ,suabia or ,alsace4 ,sc>cely any p]son :o has _h an opportunity ( exam9+ ! works ( ,m>t9 ,s*n1 or ,s*ngau]1--"o ( ! e>lie/ ,g]man copp]-plate engrav]s1--:o is said to h di$ 9 #adhf1 c fail1 on look+ ov] ! designs 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 to notice ! resemblance :i* _m ( 8 female figures be> to ^? 9 ! above-nam$ "w4 ,! simil>ity is too /rik+ to h be5 accid5tal4 ,i am incl9$ to believe t ,m>t9 ,s*n mu/ h /udi$--& dilig5tly too--! subjects conta9$ 9 ! ,hi/ory1 or t he _h receiv$ 8 pr(essional education 9 a s*ool :i* might possibly be f\nd$ by ! arti/ :o design$ & engrav$ ! wood-cuts 9 "q1 or "u a ma/] :o _h ?or\ghly adopt$ _! /yle4 ,m>t9 ,s*n 0 a native ( ,colm> 9 ,alsace1 :]e he 0 born ab\t #adec1 b 0 a desc5dant ( a family1 probably ( arti/s1 :i* orig9ally belong$ to ,augsburg4 ,he9ek5 & ,von ,murr bo? be> te/imony1,,ii-#dh ?\gh indirectly1 to ! resemblance :i* 8 works be> to ! designs 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg94 ,! =m] /ates t ! figures 9 ! ,hi/ory are v l ! anci5t sculptures 9 ! *ur*es ( ,g]many1 & ,von ,murr ass]ts t su* sculptures 7 probably ,m>t9 ,s*n's models4 ,footnote ,,ii-#dh3 ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #cgd4 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #dc4 ,9 two or ?ree ( ! designs 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 sev]al %ields ( arms are introduc$1 ei!r borne by figures1 or susp5d$ f a wall4 ,z ! h]aldic emblems on su* %ields 7 n likely to be entirely sugge/$ by ! m]e fancy ( ! arti/1 ,i ?9k t mo/ ( !m w be f\nd to belong to ,g]many r ?an to ,holl&2 & ! *>ge on "o ( !m1--two fi% back to back1 :i* is r rem>kable1 & by no means common1 is "o ( ! qu>t]+s ( ! =m] ,c\nts ( ,wirtemb]g1 ! v di/rict 9 :i* ,i am incl9$ to ?9k ! "w 0 execut$4 ,i moreov] fancy t 9 "o ( ! cuts ,i c p]ceive an allusion to ! ,c\ncil ( ,basle1 :i* 9 #adci elect$ ,amadeus ( ,savoy z ,pope1 "u ! title ( ,felix ,v1 9 opposition to ,eug5e ,,iv4 ,9 ord] to af=d ^? :o are bett] acqua9t$ ) ! subject an opportunity ( judg+ = !mselves1 & ( mak+ fur!r discov]ies :i* may support my op9ions if well-f\nd$1 or :i* may correct !m if errone\s1 ,i %all give copies ( all ! %ields ( arms :i* occur 9 ! book4 ,! foll[+ cut ( f\r figures--a pope1 two c>d9als1 & a bi%op--occurs 9 ! upp] comp>tm5t ( ! n9ete5? folio4 ,! %ield *>g$ ) a black eagle also occurs 9 ! same comp>tm5t4 ,illu/ration ,! prec$+ figures are se5 look+ ov] ! battlem5ts ( a h\se 9 :i* ! ,virg91 typical ( ! ,*ur*1 is se5 9 b$4 ,on a scroll is inscrib$ ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 f ! ,song ( ,solomon1 *ap4 iii4 v4 #b3 8,surgam et circumibo civitatem2 p] vicos et plateas qu]am quem diligit anima mea30 :i* is ?us translat$ 9 our ,bible3 8,i w rise n[1 & g ab\t ! city 9 ! /reets1 & 9 ! broad ways ,i w seek him :om my s\l love?40 ,9 ! same design1 ! ,virg91 ) h] ?ree att5dants1 are se5 9 a /reet1 :]e two m5 on horseback appe> tak+ away h] mantle4 ,"o ( ! m5 be>s ^u 8 %ield ! figure ( a black eagle1 ! same z t :i* appe>s und]nea? ! wood-cut above giv54 ,^u a scroll is ?is inscription1 f ,solomon's ,song1 *apt] ,v4 v]se #g3 8,p]cuss]unt et vuln]av]unt me1 tul]unt pallium meum cu/odes murorum40 ,9 our ,bible ! entire v]se is ?us translat$3 8,! wat*m5 t w5t ab\t ! city f\nd me2 !y smote me1 !y w\nd$ me3 ! keep]s ( ! walls took away my veil f me40 ,z ! incid5ts 9 ! life ( ! ,virg91 describ$ 9 ! ,canticles1 7 assum$ by comm5tators to be typical ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! above cut may conta9 an allusion to ! disputes betwe5 ,pope ,eug5e ,,iv4 & ! ,c\ncil assembl$ at ,basle 9 #adci4 ,! passage 9 ! fir/ inscription1 8,i w seek him :om my s\l love?10 might be v appropriately appli$ to a c\ncil :i* pr(ess$ to repres5t ! ,*ur*1 & :i* _h *os5 = itself a new head4 ,! second inscription w\ld be equally descriptive ( ! treatm5t :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ! same c\ncil1 ! ,*ur* _h receiv$ f ,eug5e ,,iv1 :om !y decl>$ to be depos$1 because 8he 0 a di/urb] ( ! peace & union ( ! ,*ur*2 a s*ismatic & a h]etic2 guilty ( simony2 p]jur$ & incorrigible40 ,on ! %ield borne by ! figure ( a pope we>+ a triple cr[n1 is a fleur-de-lis2 b :e!r or no ?is fl[] =m$ "p ( ! armorial di/9ctions ( ,amadeus ,duke ( ,savoy1 :om ! c\ncil *ose = _! new pope1 ,i h n be5 able to asc]ta94 ,! lion borne by ! second figure1 a c>d9al1 is too g5]al a cognizance to be assign$ to any p>ticul> /ate or city4 ,! *>ge on ! %ield borne by ! ?ird figure1 also a c>d9al1 ,i _c make out4 ,! cross-keys on ! bi%op's %ield are ! arms ( ! city ( ,ratisbon4 ,! foll[+ %ields are borne by angels1 :o appe> above ! battlem5ts ( a wall 9 ! l[] comp>tm5t ( folio #d1 =m+ ! eigh? subject 9 ,mr4 ,ottley's enum]ation4 ,illu/ration ,on ^! ,i h no?+ to rem>k fur!r ?an t ! d\ble-head$ eagle is ! arms ( ! ,g]man empire4 ,! o!r ?ree ,i leave to be deciph]$ by o!rs4 ,! second1 ) an ind5t$ *ief1 & some?+ l a rose 9 ! field1 w be f\nd1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 to be ! arms ( "s t[n or city 9 ,wirtemb]g or ,alsace4 ,i give ! ?ree inscriptions "h1 n t !y are likely to ?r[ any light on ! subject1 b because ! ?ird has n hi!rto be5 deciph]$4 ,!y are all f ! ,i,vth *apt] ( ! ,song ( ,solomon4 ,! fir/ is f v]se #ab3 8,ortus conclusus e/ soror1 mea sposa2 ortus conclusus1 fons signatus30 9 our translation ( ! ,bible3 8,a g>d5 enclos$ is my si/]1 my sp\se2 a spr+ %ut up1 a f\nta9 seal$40 ,! second is f v]se #ae3 8,fons ortorum1 puteus aqu>um viv5cium qu fluunt impetu de ,lybano30 9 our ,bible3 8,a f\nta9 ( g>d5s1 a well ( liv+ wat]s1 & /reams f ,lebanon40 ,! ?ird is f v]se #af3 8,surge ,aquilo2 v5i ,au/]1 p]fla ortum et fluant aromata illius30 9 our ,bible3 8,awake1 ,o nor? w9d2 & come1 ?\ s\?2 bl[ ^u my g>d51 t ! spices !re( may fl[ out40 ,illu/ration ,9 ! upp] division ( folio #ae1 :i* is ! tw5ty-n9? subject 9 ,mr4 ,ottley's enum]ation1 ! above %ields occur4 ,!y are susp5d$ on ! walls ( a t[]1 :i* is repres5t$ by an inscription z 8! arm\ry :]eon hang a ?\s& buckl]s1 all %ields ( mighty m540,,ii-#di ,footnote ,,ii-#di3 ,song ( ,solomon1 *ap4 iv4 v]se #d4 ,on ! fir/ f\r ,i %all make no rem>k beyond call+ ! att5tion ( ^? skill$ 9 ,g]man h]aldry to ! rem>kable *>ge 9 ! fir/ %ield1 :i* appe>s some?+ l a cray-fi%4 ,! six?1 8two tr\ts hauriant & addors$10 is "o ( ! qu>t]+s ( ! h\se ( ,wirtemb]g z lords ( ,mompelg>d4 ,! sev5? is *>g$ ) ?ree cr[ns1 ! arms ( ! city ( ,cologne4 ,! *>ge ( ! eigh? ,i take to be ?ree c9quefoils1 :i* are "o ( ! qu>t]+s ( ! family ( ,aremb]g4 ,! cross-keys 9 ! n9? are ! arms ( ! city ( ,ratisbon4 ,! f\r foll[+ %ields occur 9 ! l[] division ( folio #ae4 ,!y are borne by m5 9 arm\r /&+ by ! side ( a b$4 ,on a scroll is ! foll[+ inscription1 f ! #g? & #h? v]ses ( ! ?ird *apt] ( ,solomon's ,song4 8,en lectulum ,salomonis sexag9ta =tes ambiunt1 omnes t55tes gladios30 9 our ,bible3 8,behold 8 b$1 :i* is ,solomon's2 ?ree score valiant m5 are ab\t x 4 4 4 4 4 !y all hold swords40 ,! fir/ ?ree ( ! %ields on ! foll[+ page ,i %all leave to be assign$ by o!rs4 ,! f\r?1 :i* is *>g$ ) a rose1 0 ! arms ( ,hag5au1 a t[n 9 ,alsace4 ,illu/ration ,z s little is kn[n respect+ ! c\ntry :]e1 & ! precise "t :51 ! pr9cipal block-books appe>$1--( :i* ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 is "o1--,i ?9k e p>ticul>1 h[ev] trifl+1 :i* may be likely to af=d ev5 a gleam ( light1 des]v+ ( notice4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i h giv5 ! diff]5t %ields conta9$ 9 ?is & ! prec$+ pages2 n 9 ! belief t ,i h made any important discov]y1 or e/abli%$ any consid]able facts2 b ) ! desire ( direct+ to ?is subject ! att5tion ( o!rs1 ^: fur!r inquiries & comp>isons may p]haps e/abli% su* a p]fect id5tity betwe5 ! arms ( a p>ticul> di/rict1 & ^? conta9$ 9 ! volume1 z may det]m9e ! probable locality ( ! place :]e x 0 execut$4 ,! co9cid5ces :i* ,i h notic$ 7 n s\ght =4 ,happ5+ to be turn+ ov] ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography :5 a copy ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 0 be=e me1 ,i obs]v$ t ! two fi% 9 ! arms ( ! ,c\nts ( ,wirtemb]g1,,ii-#ej & ^? 9 ! #ae? folio ( ! ,hi/ory1 7 ! same4 ,! o!r in/ances ( correspond5ce 7 also discov]$ )\t se>*1 f hav+ occasionally1 9 trac+ ! progress ( wood engrav+1 to ref] to ,m]ian's ,topographia4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ej3 ,^? arms are to be se5 9 ,seba/iana ,mun/]i ,cosmographia1 cap4 ,de ,regione ,wirt5b]g5si1 p4 #eib4 ,folio1 ,basili1 apud ,h5ri*um ,petri1 #aeed4 ,consid]+ ! ?ickness ( ! pap] on :i* ! block-books are pr9t$1--if ,i may apply ?is t]m to !m1--& ! ?9-bodi$ ink :i* has be5 us$4 ,i am at a loss to conceive h[ ! e>ly wood-engrav]s h contriv$ to take (f _! impressions s correctly2 = 9 all ! block-books :i* ,i h se51 :]e friction has evid5tly be5 ! means employ$ to obta9 ! impression1 ,i h only notic$ two subjects 9 :i* ! l9es appe>$ d\ble 9 consequ5ce ( ! %ift+ ( ! pap]4 ,f ! want ( body 9 ! ink1 :i* appe>s 9 ! ,apocalypse to h be5 little m ?an wat]-col\r1 x is n likely ! pap] c\ld be us$ 9 a damp /ate1 o!rwise ! ink w\ld run or spread2 &1 ev5 if ?is difficulty did n exi/1 ! pap] 9 a damp /ate c\ld n h borne ! excessive rubb+ :i* x appe>s to h receiv$ 9 ord] to obta9 ! impression4,,ii-#ea ,ev5 ) su* pr9t]'s ink z is us$ 9 ! pres5t day1--:i* be+ t5aci\s1 r5d]s ! pap] 9 tak+ an impression by means ( friction mu* less liable to slip or %ift1--x w\ld be difficult to obta9 cle> impressions on ?ick pap] f blocks ! size ( ^? :i* =m ea* page ( ! ,apocalypse1 or ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg94 ,footnote ,,ii-#ea3 ,! backs ( _m ( ! old wood-cuts :i* h be5 tak5 by means ( friction1 /ill appe> bright 9 consequ5ce ( ! rubb+ :i* ! pap] has su/a9$ 9 ord] to obta9 ! impression4 ,!y w\ld n h ?is appe>ance if ! pap] _h be5 us$ 9 a damp /ate4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 h[ev]1 /ates t no less ?an two pages ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 h be5 engrav$ on ! same block4 ,8 obs]vations on ?is subject are z foll[s3 8,^u fir/ view+ ?is "w1 ,i 0 ( op9ion t ea* ( ! designs conta9$ 9 x 0 engrav$ ^u a sep>ate block ( wood3 b1 ^u a m c>eful exam9ation1 ,i h discov]$ t ! cont5ts ( ea* two pages--t is1 f\r subjects--7 engrav$ on ! same block4 ,! numb] ( wood5 blocks1 !re=e1 f :i* ! :ole 0 pr9t$1 0 only eight4 ,?is is prov$ 9 ! fir/ two pages ( ! copy be=e me2,,ii-#eb :]e1 ne> ! bottom ( ! two upp] subjects1 ! block appe>s to h be5 brok5 9 two1 9 a horizontal direction1--aft] x 0 engrav$1--& jo9$ toge!r aga92 al?\gh n ) su* exactness b t ! traces ( ! op]ation cle>ly %[ !mselves4 ,! traces ( a simil> accid5t are /ill m app>5t 9 ! la/ block1 conta9+ ! ,nos4 #bi1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb4 ,! :ole "w 01 !re=e1 pr9t$ on eight %eets ( pap] f ! same numb] ( engrav$ blocks1 ! fir/ f\r subjects be+ pr9t$ f ! same block ^u ! same %eet1--& s on ) ! re/2 &1 inde$1 9 ,"l ,sp5c]'s copy1 ea* %eet1 be+ m\nt$ ^u a gu>d1 di/9ctly %[s itself entire40,,ii-#ec ,footnote ,,ii-#eb3 ,?is mu/ h be5 a copy ( t :i* ,he9ek5 calls ! second edition2 no su* appe>ances ( a fracture or jo9+ are to be se5 9 ! fir/4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ec3 ,inquiry1 p4 #adb4 ,! appe>ance ( a correspond+ fracture 9 two adjac5t pages w\ld c]ta9ly r5d] x likely t bo? 7 engrav$ on ! same block2 ?\gh ,i %\ld l to h an opportunity ( satisfy+ myself by inspection :e!r su* appe>ances are really occasion$ by a fracture or n2 = x is r s+ul> t su* appe>ances %\ld be obs]vable on ! fir/ & ! la/ blocks only4 ,i always reluctantly speculate1 except on some?+ l suffici5t gr\nds2 b z ,i h n se5 a copy ( ! edition to :i* ,mr4 ,ottley ref]s1 ,i beg to ask if ! traces ( suppos$ fracture 9 ! la/ two pages d n correspond ) ^? 9 ! fir/ two8 & if s1 w\ld x n be equally reasonable to inf] t eight subjects in/ead ( f\r 7 engrav$ on ! same block8 ,a block conta9+ only two pages w\ld be ab\t sev5te5 in*es by t51 all[+ = inn] m>g9s2 & to obta9 cle> impressions f x by means ( friction1 on dry ?ick pap]1 & ) m]e wat]-col\r ink1 w\ld be a task ( su* difficulty t ,i _c conceive h[ x c\ld be p]=m$4 ,no traces ( po9ts by :i* ! pap] might be kept /eady on ! block are p]ceptible2 & ,i unhesitat+ly ass]t t no wood-engrav] ( ! pres5t day c\ld by means ( friction take cle> impressions f su* a block on equally ?ick pap]1 & us+ m]e di/emp] in/ead ( pr9t]'s ink4 ,z ! impressions 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 h unque/ionably be5 tak5 by means ( friction1 x is evid5t to me t if ! blocks 7 ( ! size t ,mr4 ,ottley supposes1 ! old wood-engrav]s1 :o did n use a press1 mu/ h resort$ to "s contrivance to keep ! pap] /eady1 ) :i* we are n[ unacqua9t$4 ,he9ek5 describes an edition ( ! ,apocalypse consi/+ ( =ty-eight leaves1 ) cuts on "o side only1 :i*1 :5 b\nd1 =m a volume ( ?ree 8ga!r+s10 or collections1 ea* conta9+ sixte5 leaves4 ,ea* ( ^! ga!r+s is =m$ by eight folio %eets fold$ 9 ! middle1 & plac$ "o )9 ! o!r1 s t ! cuts are work$ (f 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,on ! out] %eet ( ! ga!r+1 =m+ ! fir/ & ! sixte5? leaf1 ! fir/ & ! sixte5? cuts are impress$1 s t :5 ! %eet is fold$ !y face ea* o!r1 & ! fir/ & ! la/ pages are left blank4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! #bnd & #ae?2 ! #c;d & #ad?2 ! #d? & #ac?2 ! #e? & #ab?2 ! #f? & #aa?2 ! #g? & #aj?1 & ! #h? & #i?1 are1 ea* pair respectively1 impress$ on ! same side ( ! same %eet4 ,^! %eets :5 fold$ = b9d+ are !n plac$ 9 su* a mann] t ! fir/ is opposite ! second2 ! ?ird opposite ! f\r?1 & s on ?r\gh\t ! :ole sixte54 ,be+ arrang$ 9 ?is mann]1 two cuts & two blank pages occur alt]nately4 ,! reason = ?is mode ( arrangem5t 01 t ! blank pages might be pa/$ toge!r1 & ! cuts ?us appe> z if "o 7 impress$ on ! back ( ano!r4 ,a famili> illu/ration ( ?is mode ( fold+1 adopt$ by ! e>ly wood-engrav]s be=e !y 7 accu/om$ to impress _! cuts on bo? sides ( a leaf1 is af=d$ by =m+ a %eet ( pap] into a little book ( sixte5 leaves1 & numb]+ ! second & ?ird pages #a & #b1 leav+ two pages blank2 !n numb]+ ! fif? & six? #c & #d1 & s to ,no4 #af1 :i* w /& opposite to ,no4 #ae1 & h its back1 =m+ ! out] page ( ! ga!r+1 unimpress$4 ,( all ! block-books1 t :i* is n[ commonly call$ 8,,biblia ,,paup]um10--! ,bible ( ! ,poor1--is mo/ frequ5tly ref]r$ to z a specim5 ( t k9d ( pr9t+ f wood-blocks :i* prec$$ typography1 or pr9t+ by means ( moveable *>act]s or types4 ,?is title1 h[ev]1 has giv5 rise to an error :i* c]ta9 le>n$ bibliograph]s h )\t ! lea/ exam9ation adopt$1 & h aft]w>ds giv5 to ! public consid]ably enl>g$1 at lea/1 if n correct$4,,ii-#ed ,x has be5 gravely /at$ t ?is book1 ^: text is 9 abbreviat$ ,lat91 0 pr9t$ = ! use ( ! poor 9 an age :5 ev5 ! ri* c\ld sc>cely read _! own language4 ,manuscripts ( ! ,bible 7 c]ta9ly at t p]iod bo? sc>ce & co/ly1 & n _m individuals ev5 ( high rank 7 possess$ ( a copy2 b to conclude t ! fir/ editions ( ! s-call$ 8,biblia ,paup]um0 7 engrav$ & pr9t$ = ! use ( ! poor1 appe>s to be ab\t z legitimate an inf]5ce z to conclude t1 9 ! pres5t day1 ! repr9ts ( ! ,roxburghe club 7 publi%$ = ! b5efit ( ! poor :o c\ld n af=d to pur*ase ! orig9al editions4 ,t a m]*ant or a weal?y trad] might occasionally become ! pur*as] ( 8,biblia ,paup]um10 ,i am will+ to admit1--?\gh ,i am ( op9ion t ! book 0 nev] expressly int5d$ = ! laity2--b t x %\ld be pr9t$ = ! use ( ! poor1 ,i _c br+ myself to believe4 ,if ! poor ( ,g]many 9 ! fifte5? c5tury _h ! means ( pur*as+ su* books1 & 7 capable ( read+ !m1 ,i c only say t !y mu/ h _h m money to sp>e ?an _! desc5dants1 & h be5 m le>n$ ?an mo/ ( ! ri* p ?r\gh\t ,europe 9 ! pres5t day4 ,if ! acc\nts :i* we h ( ! /ate ( k ab\t #adej be correct1 ! monk or fri> :o c\ld read & exp\nd su* a "w mu/ h be5 e/eem$ z a p]son ( consid]able lit]>y atta9m5ts4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ed3 8,x is a manual or k9d ( ,cate*ism ( ! ,bible10 says ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,h4 ,horne1 8= ! use ( "y p]sons & ( ! common p1 :5ce x d]ives its "n ,biblia ,paup]um1--! ,bible ( ! ,poor1--:o 7 ?us enabl$ to acquire1 at a comp>atively l[ price1 an imp]fect k ( "s ( ! ev5ts record$ 9 ! ,scripture40--,introduction to ! ,critical ,/udy ( ! ,scriptures1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbd-e4 ,! "y & ! poor mu/ h be5 comp>atively le>n$ at t p]iod to be able to read cramp$ ,lat91 :5 _m a prie/ c\ld sc>cely spell 8 brevi>y4 ,! "n 8,biblia ,paup]um0 0 unkn[n to ,s*elhorn & ,s*pfl91 & 0 n adopt$ by ,me]man4 ,s*elhorn1 :o 0 ! fir/ t publi%$ a fac-simile ( "o ( ! pages engrav$ on wood1 gives x no di/9ctive "n2 b m]ely describes x z 8a book :i* conta9$ 9 text & figures c]ta9 hi/ories & prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i*1 9 ! au?or's judgm5t1 7 figurative ( ,*ri/1 & ( ! works p]=m$ by him = ! salvation ( mank9d40,,ii-#ee ,s*pfl9 calls x1 8,vatic9ia ,vet]is ,te/am5ti de ,*ri/o20,,ii-#ef--8,prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t conc]n+ ,*ri/20 b nei!r ?is title1 nor ! description ( ,s*elhorn1 is suffici5tly compreh5sive2 = ! book conta9s n only prophecies & typical figures f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b also passages & subjects select$ f ! ,new4 ,! title :i* ,me]man gives to x is m accurately descriptive ( ! cont5ts3 8,figur typic ,vet]is atque antitypic ,novi ,te/am5ti1 seu ,hi/oria ,jesu ,*ri/i 9 figuris20 t is1 8,typical figures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & antitypical ( ! ,new1 or ! ,hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ pictorially repres5t$40,,ii-#eg ,footnote ,,ii-#ee3 ,j4 ,g4 ,s*elhorn1 ,amnitates ,lit]>i1 tom4 iv4 p4 #big4 #hvo4 ,franc(urt4 ,lips4 #agcj4 ,li*t5b]g]1 ,initia ,typographica1 p4 #d1 says errone\sly1 t ,s*elhorn's fac-simile 0 engrav$ on copp]4 ,x is on wood1 z ,s*elhorn himself /ates at p4 #bif4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ef3 ,j4 ,d4 ,s*pfl91 ,v9dici ,typographic1 p4 #g1 #dto4 ,arg5torati1 #agfj4 ,footnote ,,ii-#eg3 ,g]4 ,me]man1 ,orig9es ,typographic1 ,p4 #a1 p4 #bda4 #dto4 ,hag ,comit4 #agfe4 ,he9ek5 appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ :o gave to ?is book ! "n 8,biblia ,paup]um10 z x 0 9 8 op9ion ! mo/ appropriate2 8! figures be+ execut$ = ! purpose ( giv+ a k ( ! ,bible to ^? :o c\ld n af=d to pur*ase a manuscript copy ( ! ,scriptures40,,ii-#eh ,?is reason = ! "n is n1 h[ev]1 a good "o3 =1 accord+ to 8 own /atem5t1 ! only copy :i* he ev] saw ) ! title or inscription 8,biblia ,paup]um10 0 a manuscript on vellum ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 :i* ! figures 7 drawn & col\r$ by h&4,,ii-#ei ,me]man1 h[ev]1 ?\gh )\t adopt+ ! title1 _h previ\sly notic$ ! same manuscript1 :i* 9 8 op9ion 0 z old z ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury4 ,z ! ^w 8,paup]um0 =m$ "p ( ! title ( ! book long be=e presum$ *eap copies 7 pr9t$ f wood-blocks = ! use ( ! poor1 x c\ld n be peculi>ly appropriate z ! title ( an illum9$ manuscript on vellum1 :i* ! poor c\ld z little af=d to pur*ase z !y c\ld a manuscript copy ( ! ,bible4 ,9 :atev] mann] ! t]m 8poor0 became connect$ ) ! book1 x is cle> t ! "n 8,biblia ,paup]um0 0 n giv5 to x 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ pr9t$ at a *eap rate = circulation among poor p4 ,x is n inde$ likely t its anci5t title ev] 0 8,biblia ,paup]um20 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 !re seems e reason to believe t ,he9ek5 _h copi$ an abridg$ title & ?us giv5 curr5cy to an error4 ,footnote ,,ii-#eh3 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #bib1 note4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ei3 ,camus1 speak+ ( "o ( ^? manuscripts comp>$ ) ! block-book1 obs]ves3 8,ce d]ni] abrg mritoit bi5 le nom de ,,biblia ,,paup]um1 p> comp>ison aux tableaux complets de la ,bible que je vi5s d'indiqu]4 ,des ouvrages tels que les tableaux complets ne p\voi5t tre que ,,biblia ,,divitum40--,notice d'un ,livre imprim ,bamb]g en #adfb1 p4 #ab1 note4 #dto4 ,p>is1 #ahjj4 ,he9ek5 says t he obs]v$ ! inscription1 8,incipit ,biblia ,paup]um10 9 a manuscript 9 ! libr>y at ,wolf5buttel1 writt5 on vellum 9 a ,go?ic "*1 :i* appe>$ to be ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! figures1 :i* 7 badly design$1 7 col\r$ 9 di/emp]1 & ! explanatory text 0 9 ,lat9 rhyme4 ,x is surpris+ t nei!r ,he9ek5 nor any o!r bibliograph] %\ld h suspect$ t a ^w 0 want+ 9 ! above suppos$ title1 m especially z ! ^w want+ might h be5 s readily sugge/$ by ano!r "w s mu* resembl+ ! pret5d$ 8,biblia ,paup]um0 t ! "o has frequ5tly be5 conf\nd$ ) ! o!r4,,ii-#fj ,9 ! proemium ( ?is o!r "w1 :i* is no o!r ?an ! 8,speculum ,salvationis10 ! writ] expressly /ates t he has compil$ x 8propt] paup]es pr$icatores10--= poor prea*]s4 ,pr$ictu' p'hemiu' hujus libri de conte'tis compilavi1 ,et p'pt] paup'es p'dicatores hoc appon]e curavi2 ,qui si =te nequi]u't totum librum sibi co'p'are1 ,possu't ex ipso p'hemio1 si sciu't p'dic>e4 ,?is preface ( cont5ts1 /at+ :at ?is book's ab\t1 ,= ! sake ( all poor prea*]s ,i h fairly writt5 out2 ,if ! pur*ase ( ! book entire %\ld be above _! rea*1 ,?is preface yet may s]ve !m1 if !y "k b h[ to prea*4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fj3 8,entre ces abrgs de la ,bible on rem>que le ,,speculum ,,human ,,salvationis et le ,,biblia ,,paup]um4 ,ces deux ouvrages ont beauc\p d'aff9it entre eux p\r le volume1 le *oix des hi/oires1 les moralits1 la composition des tableaux4 ,ils exi/5t en manuscrits dans plusieurs biblio?ques40--,camus1 ,notice d'un ,livre1 c4 p4 #ab4 ,t ! o!r book might be call$ 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum10 9 consequ5ce ( its g5]al use by m5dicant prea*]s1 ,i c readily believe2 & no d\bt ! omission ( ! ^w 8pr$icatorum0 9 ! inscription copi$ by ,he9ek5 has giv5 rise to ! popul> error1 t ! pret5d$ 8,biblia ,paup]um0 0 a k9d ( *eap pictorial ,bible1 especially int5d$ = ! use ( ! poor4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a s]ies ( 8skeleton s]mons0 ornam5t$ ) wood-cuts to w>m ! prea*]'s imag9ation1 & /or$ ) texts to assi/ 8 memory4 ,9 speak+ ( ?is book 9 future1 ,i %all always ref] to x z ! 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum10--8! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible20 = ! cont9uance ( its =m] title only t5ds1 9 my op9ion1 to dissem9ate an error4 ,ny]up1 :o 9 #aghd publi%$ an 8,acc\nt ( su* books z 7 read 9 s*ools 9 ,d5m>k prior to ! ,re=mation10,,ii-#fa object$ to ! title 8,biblia ,paup]um10 z he _h se5 portions ( a manuscript copy 9 :i* ! draw+s 7 ri*ly col\r$4 ,! title :i* he pref]r$ 0 ,,biblia ,,typico-,,h>monica4 ,9 ?is objection1 h[ev]1 ,camus does n concur3 8,x is n f ! embelli%m5ts ( a s+le copy10 he obs]ves1 8t we ought to judge ( ! curr5t price ( a book2 &1 besides1 we mu/ n =get to take into consid]ation ! o!r motives :i* might sugge/ ! title1 #8,bible ( ! ,poor1' = we h pro(s t o!r abridgm5ts ( great] ext5t 7 call$ #8,poor m5's books4' ,su* is ! #8,biblia ,paup]um' ( ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 consi/+ ( extracts = ! use ( prea*]s1 & ! #8,diction>ius ,paup]um4' ,( ! la/ ! title is expla9$ 9 ! book itself3 #8,incipit summula omnibus v]bi div9i sem9atoribus p]necess>ia4'0 ,x is surpris+ t ,camus did n p]ceive t ! v titles :i* he cites militate aga9/ ! op9ion ( ! 8,biblia0 be+ int5d$ = ! use ( poor m54 ,/4 ,bonav5ture's "w1 & ! ,diction>y1 :i* he ref]s to z in/ances ( 8,poor m5's books10 bo? be> on ! v face ( !m a refutation ( 8 op9ion1 = 9 ! works !mselves x is di/9ctly /at$ t !y 7 compil$1 n 8ad usum paup]um hom9um20 b 8ad usum paup]um pr$icatorum1 et v]bi div9i sem9atorum30 n = ! use ( 8poor m510 b = 8poor prea*]s & tea*]s ( ! div9e ^w40 ,camus has unwitt+ly suppli$ a club to batt] 8 own argum5t to pieces4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fa3 8,librorum qui ante ,re=mationem 9 s*olis ,dani legebantur1 ,notitia4 ,hafni1 #aghd20 ref]r$ to by ,camus1 ,notice d'un ,livre1 c4 p4 #aj4 ,( ! 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum10 !re are1 accord+ to ,he9ek51 five diff]5t editions ) ! text 9 ,lat94 ,f\r ( !m conta9 ea* =ty leaves1 pr9t$ on "o side only f wood-blocks by means ( friction1 & :i* diff] f ea* o!r 9 s trifl+ a degree1 t x is n unlikely t ?ree ( !m are f ! same set ( blocks4 ,! o!r edition1--! fif? describ$ by ,he9ek5--conta9s fifty leaves1 pr9t$ 9 a simil> mann]1 b app>5tly ) ! figures design$ by a diff]5t arti/4 ,besides ! above1 !re are two diff]5t editions1 also f wood-blocks1 ) ! text 9 ,g]man3 "o ) ! date #adgj2 & ! o!r1 #adga or #adge1 = ! la/ num]al appe>s z l a #a z a #e4 ,!re are also two editions1 "o ,lat91 & ! o!r ,g]man1 ) ! text pr9t$ f moveable types by ,alb]t ,pfi/]1 at ,bamb]g1 ab\t #adfb4 ,)\t pret5d+ to decide on ! priority ( ! fir/ five editions1--z ,i h n be5 able to p]ceive any suffici5t m>ks f :i* ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 publi%$ might be asc]ta9$1--,i %all "h give a brief acc\nt ( a copy ( t edition :i* ,he9ek5 ranks z ! ?ird4 ,x is 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y at ! ,briti% ,museum1 & 0 =m]ly 9 ! collection ( ,monsieur ,gaignat1 at ^: sale x 0 b\ght = ,george ,,iii4 ,x is a small folio ( =ty leaves1 impress$ on "o side only1 9 ord] t ! blank pages might be pa/$ toge!r1 s t two ( ! pr9t$ sides w\ld ?us =m only "o leaf4 ,! ord] ( ! fir/ tw5ty pages is indicat$ by ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 f a to v1 & ( ! second tw5ty by ! same lett]s1 hav+ z a di/+ui%+ m>k a po9t bo? be=e & aft] !m1 ?us3 4 a 4 ,9 t :i* ,he9ek5 consid]s ! fir/ edition1 ! lett]s n1 o1 r1 s1 ( ! second alphabet1 mak+ pages #cc1 #cd1 #cg1 & #ch1 want ^? two di/+ui%+ po9ts1 :i*1 accord+ to him1 are to be f\nd 9 ea* ( ! o!r ?ree ,lat9 editions ( =ty pages ea*4 ,mr4 ,ottley has1 h[ev]1 obs]v$ t ,e>l ,sp5c]'s copy wants ! po9ts1--on ea* side ( ! lett]s n1 o1 r1 s1 ( ! second alphabet1--?us agree+ ) t :i* ,he9ek5 calls ! fir/ edition1 :ile 9 all o!r respects x answ]s ! description :i* t writ] gives ( ! presum$ second4 ,mr4 ,ottley says1 t ,he9ek5 errs 9 ass]t+ t ! want ( ^? po9ts on ea* side ( ! said lett]s is a di/9ction exclusively belong+ to ! fir/ edition1 s9ce ! edition call$ by him ! second is likewise )\t !m4,,ii-#fb ,9 fact1 ! v>iations notic$ by ,he9ek5 are n only insuffici5t to enable a p]son to judge ( ! priority ( ! editions1 b !y are su* z might ) ! greate/ ease be introduc$ into a block aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( copies _h be5 tak5 (f4 ,^? :i* he consid]s z di/+ui%+ m>ks might easily be brok5 away by ! burni%] or rubb]1 & replac$ by ! ins]tion ( o!r pieces1 diff]+ 9 a slight degree4 ,f ! trifl+ v>iations notic$ by ,he9ek5,,ii-#fc 9 ! fir/ ?ree editions1 x is n unlikely t !y 7 all tak5 f ! same blocks4 ,ea* ( ! triangul> ornam5ts 9 :i* he has obs]v$ a diff]5ce1 might easily be re-ins]t$ 9 ! ev5t ( its be+ injur$ 9 tak+ an impression4 ,! ti>a ( ,moses1 9 page #ce1 lett] 4 p 4 w\ld be peculi>ly liable to accid5t 9 tak+ an impression by friction1 & ,i am dispos$ to ?9k t a "p ( x has be5 brok5 (f1 & t 9 repair+ x a trifl+ alt]ation has be5 made 9 ! ornam5t on its top4 ,he9ek51 notic+ ! alt]ation1 has consid]$ x z a crit]ion ( two diff]5t editions1 :ile 9 all probability x only m>ks a trifl+ v>iety 9 copies tak5 f ! same blocks4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fb3 ,inquiry1 vol4 i4 p4 #abi4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fc3 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #cjg1 #cjh4 ,on ea* page are f\r portraits1--two at ! top1 & two at ! bottom1--int5d$ = ! prophets1 & o!r holy m51 ^: writ+s are cit$ 9 ! text4 ,! middle "p ( ! page betwe5 ea* pair ( portraits consi/s ( ?ree comp>tm5ts1 ea* ( :i* is occupi$ ) a subject f ! ,old or ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! #ad? page1 h[ev]1 lett] o1 two ( ! comp>tm5ts--t 9 ! c5tre1 & ! adjo9+ "o to ! "r--are bo? occupi$ by ! same subject1 ,*ri/'s entry into ,j]usalem4 ,! greate/ portion ( ! explanatory text is at ! top on ea* side ( ! upp]mo/ portraits2 & on ea* side ( ^? bel[ !re is a ,leon9e1 or rhym+ ,lat91 v]se4 ,a simil> v]se und]nea? ^? portraits =ms ! conclud+ l9e ( ea* page4 ,texts ( ,scripture1 & moral or explanatory s5t5ces1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! subjects 9 ! ?ree comp>tm5ts1 also appe> on scrolls4 ,! foll[+ cut1 :i* is a r$uc$ copy ( ! #ad? page1 lett] k1 w af=d a bett] idea ( ! arrangem5t ( ! subjects1 & ( ! explanatory texts1 ?an any l5g!n$ description4 ,! :ole ( ?is subject--bo? text & figures--appe>s int5d$ to inculcate ! necessity ( re/ra9+ appetite4 ,! inscription to ! "r1 at ! top1 conta9s a ref]5ce to ! #crd *apt] ( ,g5esis1 :]e9 !re is to be f\nd an acc\nt ( ! temptation & fall ( ,adam & ,eve1 :o 7 induc$ by ! ,s]p5t to ta/e ! =bidd5 fruit4 ,?is temptation ( our fir/ p>5ts ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! palate1 01 z may be ga!r$ f ! same inscription1 figurative ( ! temptation ( ,*ri/ aft] 8 fa/+ =ty days 9 ! wild]ness1 :5 ! ,devil came to him & said1 8,if ?\ be ! ,son ( ,god1 comm& t ^! /ones be made bread40 ,illu/ration ,9 ! inscription to ! left1 ref]5ce is made to ! #be? *apt] ( ,g5esis1 z conta9+ an acc\nt ( ,esau1 :o1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 unre/ra9$ appetite1 sold 8 bir?-"r = a mess ( pottage4 ,9 ! comp>tm5ts 9 ! middle ( ! page1 are ?ree illu/rations ( ! prec$+ text4 ,9 ! c5tre is se5 ! patt]n to imitate1--,*ri/ resi/+ ! temptation ( ! ,devil2 & on ea* side ! examples to det]1--,adam & ,eve ) ! =bidd5 fruit2 & hungry ,esau receiv+ ! mess ( pottage f ,jacob4 ,und]nea? ! two half-l5g? figures at ! top1 is inscrib$ 8,david #cd10 & 8,ysaie xxix40,,ii-#fd ,! num]als are probably int5d$ to indicate ! *apt]s 9 ! ,psalms1 & 9 ! ,prophecies ( ,isaiah1 :]e ! inscriptions on ! adjac5t scrolls are to be f\nd4 ,on simil> scrolls1 t[>ds ! bottom ( ! page1 are ref]5ces to ! #g? *apt] ( ! #bnd book ( ,k+s1 & to ! #af? *apt] ( ,job4 ,! two half-l5g? figures are mo/ likely int5d$ = ! writ]s ( ^? sacr$ books4 ,! lik5esses ( ! prophets & holy p]sons1 ?us introduc$ at ! top & bottom ( ea* page1 are1 z ,s*elhorn has obs]v$1,,ii-#fe purely imag9>y2 = ! same "* is seldom se5 twice ) ! same face4 ,z mo/ ( ! suppos$ figurative descriptions ( ,*ri/ & 8 m9i/ry are to be f\nd 9 ! ,psalms1 & 9 ! ,prophecies ( ,isaiah1 ! portraits ( ,david & ! la/-nam$ prophet are ^? :i* mo/ frequ5tly occur2 & ! design] seems to h be5 det]m9$ t nei!r ! k+ nor ! prophet %\ld ev] appe> twice ) ! same lik5ess4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fd3 ,! passages ref]r$ to are probably ! #h?1 #i?1 & #aj? v]ses ( ! xxxiv? ,psalm2 & ! #h? v]se ( ! xxix? *apt] ( ,isaiah4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fe3 8,has autem icones ex sola sculptoris imag9atione et arbitrio fluxisse vel inde liquet1 quod idem scriptor sac] 9 div]sis foliis div]sa pl]umque et alia facie del9eatus si/atur1 sicuti1 v4 g4 ,esaias ac ,david1 spius obvii1 ,protei in/>1 v>ias indu]unt 9 hoc op]e =mas40--,amnitates ,lit]>i1 tom4 iv4 p4 #big4 ,! rhym+ v]ses are z foll[s4 ,t to ! "r1 und]nea? ! subject ( ,adam & ,eve3 ,s]p5s vicit1 ,adam vetitam sibi sug]at escam4 ,! o!r1 on ! opposite side1 und]nea? ,jacob & ,esau3 ,l5tis ob ardorem proprium male p]dit honorem4 ,& ! ?ird1 at ! bottom ( ! page1 und]nea? ! two portraits3 ,*ri/um temptavit ,sa?anas ut eum sup]>et4 ,! foll[+ cuts are fac-similes1 ! size ( ! orig9als1 ( ea* ( ! comp>tm5ts ( ! page ref]r$ to1 & ( :i* a r$uc$ copy has be5 already giv54 ,! fir/ conta9s ! repres5tation ( ,david & ,isaiah1 & ! *>act]s :i* foll[ ! "n ( ! =m] ,i consid] to be int5d$ = #cd4 ,!y are ! only in/ances 9 ! volume ( ! use ( ,arabic1 or r ,spani% num]als4 ,! lett] k1 at ! foot1 is ! 8signature10 z a pr9t] w\ld t]m x1 indicat+ ! ord] ( ! page4 ,on ea* side ( x are portions ( scrolls conta9+ inscriptions1 ( :i* "s ( ! lett]s are se54 ,! next cut repres5ts ,satan tempt+ ,*ri/ by (f]+ him /ones to be conv]t$ into bread4 ,9 ! di/ance are se5 ! high m\nta91 to ! top ( :i* ,*ri/ 0 tak5 up by ! ,devil1 & ! temple f ^: p9nacle ,*ri/ 0 tempt$ to ca/ himself d[n4 ,! figure ( ,*ri/ 9 ?is comp>tm5t is n devoid ( sob] dignity2 nor is ,satan defici5t 9 diabolical ugl9ess2 b1 ?\gh claw$ & horn$ prop]1 he wants ! usual app5dage ( a tail4 ,! defici5cy is1 h[ev]1 9 "s degree comp5sat$ by giv+ to 8 hip ! lik5ess ( a fi5di% face4 ,9 two or ?ree o!r old wood engrav+s ,i h notic$ a repulsive face indicat$ 9 a simil> mann] on ! hip ( ! ,devil4 ,a p]son well acqua9t$ ) ! sup]/itions ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies may p]haps be able to give a reason = ?is4 ,x may be int5d$ to %[ t ,satan1 :o is ev] go+ ab\t seek+ :om he may dev\r1 c see bo? be=e & beh9d4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! cut on ! foll[+ page 7#ij71 :i* =ms ! comp>tm5t to ! "r1 repres5ts ,adam & ,eve1 ea* ) an apple3 & ! /ate 9 :i* ,eve appe>s to be1 is 9 accordance ) an op9ion ma9ta9$ by sev]al ( ! s*oolm5 ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,! tree ( k is )\t fruit1 & ! s]p5t1 ) a human face1 is se5 tw9$ r\nd its /em4 ,! =m ( ! tree & ! %ape ( ! leaves are almo/ precisely ! same z ^? ( ! olive-trees 9 ! ,apocalypse1 uproot$ by ,anti*ri/4 ,! "* ( ! designs1 h[ev]1 9 ! two books is almo/ z diff]5t z ! mann] ( ! engrav+4 ,9 ! ,apocalypse !re is no attempt at %ad+1 :ile 9 ! book "u consid]ation x is introduc$ 9 e page1 ?\gh m]ely by c\rses ( s+le l9es1 z may be p]ceiv$ 9 ! drap]y ( ,*ri/ 9 ! prec$+ cut1 & 9 ! trunk ( ! tree & 9 ! s]p5t 9 ! cut subjo9$4 ,9 ?is cut ! figure ( ,adam _c be consid]$ z a specim5 ( manly beauty2 8 face is t ( a man :o is pa/ 8 prime1 & 8 attitude is v l t ( "o ( ! splay-foot$ boors ( ,t5i]s4 ,9 po9t ( p]sonal beauty ,eve appe>s to be a p>tn] wor?y ( h] husb&2 & ?\gh f h] action %e seems consci\s t %e is nak$1 yet h] expression & figure are extremely unlike ! graceful timidity & beautiful proportions ( ! ,m$icean ,v5us4 ,! face ( ! s]p5t displays nei!r malignity nor fi5di% cunn+2 b1 on ! contr>y1 is m>k$ ) an expression n unlike t ( a ,bav>ian broom-girl4 ,?is mann] ( repres5t+ ! temptation ( our fir/ p>5ts appe>s to h be5 conv5tional among ! e>ly ,g]man ,=ms*neid]s2 = ,i h se5 sev]al old wood-cuts ( ?is subject1 9 :i* ! figures 7 almo/ precisely ! same4 ,not)/&+ ! bad draw+ & ! co>se engrav+ ( ! foll[+ cut1 _m ( ! same subject1 execut$ 9 ,g]many betwe5 #adgj & #aeaj1 are yet worse4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! opposite cut1 :i* =ms ! comp>tm5t to ! left1 ,esau1 :o is di/+ui%$ by 8 b[ & quiv]1 is se5 receiv+ a b[l ( pottage f 8 bro!r ,jacob4 ,at ! f> side ( ! ap>tm5t is se5 a 8kail-pot10 susp5d$ f a 8crook10 ) some?+ l a ham & a gammon ( bacon hang+ aga9/ ! wall4 ,?is subject is treat$ 9 a /yle :i* is ?or\ghly ,dut*4 ,isaac's family appe> to h be5 lodg$ 9 a tol]ably com=table h\se1 ) a /ock ( provisions ne> ! *imney nook2 & 8 two sons are v l "s ( ! figures 9 ! pictures ( ,t5i]s1 m especially ab\t ! legs4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ cut1 a copy ( t :i* is ! l[e/ 9 ! page1 repres5ts ! two prophets or inspir$ p5m51 to :om ref]5ce is made on ! two scrolls ^: ends may be p]ceiv$ t[>ds ! l[] corn]s ( ea* ar*4 ,! words und]nea? ! figures are a portion ( ! la/ rhym+ v]se quot$ at page #hg4 ,x is f a diff]5ce 9 ! triangul> ornam5t1 above ! pill> sep>at+ ! two figures1 ?\gh n 9 ?is id5tical page1 t ,he9ek5 *iefly decides on ?ree ( ! editions ( ?is book2 ?\gh no?+ c\ld be m easy ?an to introduce ano!r ornam5t ( a simil> k9d1 9 ! ev5t ( ! orig9al ei!r be+ damag$ 9 pr9t+ or int5tionally effac$4 ,9 "s ( ! e>lie/ wood-blocks :i* rema9 unde/roy$ by ! r\gh h&l+ ( "t !re are evid5t traces ( sev]al lett]s hav+ be5 brok5 away1 & ( ! injury be+ aft]w>ds rem$i$ by ! introduction ( a new piece ( wood1 on :i* ! lett]s want+ 7 re-engrav$4 ,illu/ration ,! ink ) :i* ! cuts 9 ! 8,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible0 h be5 pr9t$1 is evid5tly a k9d ( di/emp] ( ! col\r ( bi/re1 light] ?an 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & d>k] ?an 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,9 _m ( ! cuts c]ta9 portions ( ! l9es appe> sur*>g$ ) ink1--sometimes giv+ to ! :ole page r a blot*$ appe>ance1--:ile o!r portions seem sc>cely to h receiv$ any4,,ii-#ff ,?is appe>ance is und\bt$ly 9 consequ5ce ( ! light-bodi$ ink hav+1 f its want ( t5acity1 accumulat$ on ! block :]e ! l9e 0 ?icke/1 or :]e two l9es met1 leav+ ! ?9n] portions adjac5t ) sc>ce any col\r+ at all4 ,! block mu/1 9 my op9ion1 h be5 *>g$ ) su* ink by means ( some?+ l a bru%1 & n by means ( a ball4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! cuts--m especially :]e !re is ! greate/ portion ( text--small :ite spaces may be p]ceiv$1 z if a grav] _h be5 run ?r\gh ! l9es4 ,on fir/ notic+ ?is appe>ance1 ,i 0 incl9$ to ?9k t x 0 ow+ to ! spread+ ( ! hairs ( ! bru% 9 ink+1 :]eby c]ta9 p>ts might h be5 left unt\*$4 ,! same k9d ( break 9 ! l9es may be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 9 "s ( ! impressions ( ! old wood-cuts publi%$ by ,beck] & ,d]s*au1,,ii-#fg & :i* are work$ (f by means ( a press1 & ) common pr9t]'s ink4 ,9 ^! x is c]ta9ly ow+ to m9ute furr[s 9 ! gra9 ( ! wood2 & ,i am n[ ( op9ion t ! same cause has occasion$ a simil> appe>ance 9 ! cuts ( ! 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum40 ,mr4 ,ottley1 speak+ ( ! impressions 9 ,e>l ,sp5c]'s copy1 makes ! foll[+ rem>ks3 8,9 _m in/ances !y h a sort ( horizontally /rip$ & confus$ appe>ance1 :i* leads me to suppose t !y 7 tak5 f engrav+s execut$ on "s k9d ( wood ( a co>se gra940,,ii-#fh ,?is correspond5ce betwe5 ,e>l ,sp5c]'s copy & t 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y at ! ,briti% ,museum t5ds to confirm my op9ion t !re are n s _m editions ( ! book z ,he9ek51--f c]ta9 accid5tal v>iations1--has be5 induc$ to suppose4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ff3 ,s*elhorn has notic$ a simil> appe>ance 9 ! old block-book entitl$ 8,ars ,memor&i30 8,videas hic nonnunquam lit]as atram5to conflu5ti de=matas1 v5tremque ill>um1 alias album et vacuum1 atram5t>ia macula repletum40 ,amnitat4 ,lit]4 tom4 i4 p4 #g4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fg3 ,?is collection ( wood engrav+s f old blocks 0 publi%$ 9 ?ree p>ts1 l>ge folio1 at ,go?a 9 #ahjh1 #ahaj1 & #ahaf1 "u ! foll[+ title3 8,holzs*nitte alt] ,deuts*] ,mei/] 9 d5 ,orig9al-,platt5 gesammelt von ,hans ,albre*t ,von ,d]s*au3 ,als e9 ,beytrag zur ,kun/ges*i*te h]ausgegeb51 und mit e9] ,abh&lung b] die ,holzs*neidekun/ und d]5 ,s*icksale begleitet von ,rudolph ,za*>ias ,beck]40 ,! collector has frequ5tly mi/ak5 rud5ess ( design1 & co>s5ess ( execution1 = pro(s ( antiquity4 ,footnote ,,ii-#fh3 ,inquiry1 vol4 i4 p4 #acj4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! cuts are engrav$1 & ! attempts at some?+ l effect 9 ! %ad+ & composition1 induce me to ?9k t ?is book is n s old z ei!r ! ,apocalypse or ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg94 ,t x appe>$ be=e #adbh1 z has be5 inf]r$ f ! date :i* ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,horne fanci$ t he _h se5 on ! anci5t b9d+1 ,i _c induce myself to believe4 ,x is m likely to h be5 execut$ at "s "t betwe5 #addj & #adfj2 & ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t x is ! production ( a ,dut* or ,flemi%1 r ?an a ,g]man arti/4 ,a "w1 f :i* ! engrav$ 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum0 is little m ?an an ab/ract1 appe>s to h be5 kn[n 9 ,france & ,g]many long be=e block-pr9t+ 0 introduc$4 ,( su* a "w !re 7 two manuscript copies 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is2 ! "o complete1 & ! o!r--:i*1 ) a few exceptions1 _h be5 copi$ f ! fir/--imp]fect4 ,! "w consi/$ ( a brief summ>y ( ! ,bible1 arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,"o or two phrases 9 ,lat9 & 9 ,fr5* =m$1 z x 71 ! text2 & ea* text 0 foll[$ by a moral reflection1 also 9 ,lat9 & 9 ,fr5*4 ,ea* article1 :i* ?us consi/$ ( two p>ts1 0 illu/rat$ by two draw+s1 "o ( :i* relat$ to ! hi/orical fact1 & ! o!r to ! moral d$uc$ f x4 ,! p]fect copy consi/$ ( f\r hundr$ & tw5ty-two pages1 on ea* ( :i* !re 7 eight draw+s1 s t ! numb] conta9$ 9 ! :ole volume 0 upw>ds ( five ?\s&4 ,9 "s ( ! s+le draw+s1 :i* 7 ab\t two & "o-?ird in*es wide1 by ?ree & "o-?ird in*es high1 ,camus c\nt$ n less ?an ?irty heads4,,ii-#fi ,footnote ,,ii-#fi3 ,notice d'un ,livre1 c4 p4 #aa4 ,9 a copy ( ! 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum0 f wood-blocks1 ,he9ek5 obs]v$ writt53 8,s4 ,,ansg>ius e/ autor hujus libri10--,/4 ,ansg>ius is ! au?or ( ?is book4 ,/4 ,ansg>ius1 :o 0 a native ( ,france1 & a monk ( ! celebrat$ ,abbey ( ,corbey1 0 s5t into ,l[] ,saxony1 & o!r places 9 ! nor?1 = ! purpose ( reclaim+ ! p f paganism4 ,he 0 appo9t$ ! fir/ bi%op ( ,hamburg 9 #hca1 & 9 #hdd ,bi%op ( ,brem51 :]e he di$ 9 #hfd4;,,ii-#gj ,f a passage cit$ by ,he9ek5 f ,ornhielm's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ,sw$5 & ,go?l&1 x appe>s t ,ansg>ius 0 reput$ to h compil$ a simil> book2,,ii-#ga & ,he9ek5 obs]ves t x might be f ?is passage t ! 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum0 0 ascrib$ to ! ,bi%op ( ,hamburg4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gj3 ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #cai4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ga3 ,ornhielm's book 0 pr9t$ 9 #dto4 at ,/ockholm1 #afhi4 ,! passage ref]r$ to is z foll[s3 8,quos p] num]os et signa conscripsisse cum ,ansg>ium libros ,remb]tus memorat indigitatos pigm5torum vocabulo1 eos cont9uisse1 palam e/1 quasdam aut e div9>um lit]>um1 aut pie doctorum patrum scriptis1 p]icopas et s5t5tias40 ,9 ! cloi/]s ( ! ca!dral at ,brem51 ,he9ek5 saw two bas-reliefs sculptur$ on /one1 ( :i* ! figures1 ( a mod]ate size1 7 precisely ! same z ^? 9 two ( ! pages--! fir/ & eigh?--( ! ,g]man 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum40 ,! inscriptions1 :i* 7 9 ,lat91 7 ! same z 9 block-book4 ,he ?9ks x v probable t ! o!r ar*es ( ! cloi/]s 7 =m]ly ornam5t$ 9 ! same mann] ) ! rema9d] ( ! subjects1 b t ! sculptures _h be5 de/roy$ 9 ! di/urbances :i* _h occurr$ 9 ,brem54 ,?\gh he by no means pret5ds t ! cuts 7 engrav$ 9 ! "t ( ,ansg>ius1 he ?9ks x n impossible t ! sculptures might be execut$ at t p]iod accord+ to ! bi%op's directions4 ,?is la/ passage is "o ( ! mo/ silly t occurs 9 ,he9ek5's book4,,ii-#gb ,x is j ab\t z likely t ! cuts 9 ! 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum0 7 engrav$ 9 ! "t ( ,ansg>ius1 z t ! bas-reliefs 9 ! cloi/]s ( ! ca!dral ( ,brem5 %\ld h be5 sculptur$ "u 8 direction4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gb3 8,ces conjectures sont foibles2 elles ont t attaques p> ,erasme ,ny]up dans un crit publi ,cop5hague en #aghd4 4 4 4 4 ,ny]up donne p5s] que ,he9ecke a reconnu lui-mme1 dans la suite1 la foiblesse de ses conjectures40--,camus1 ,notice d'un ,livre1 c4 p4 #i4 ,! book usually call$ ! 8,speculum ,human ,salvationis10,,ii-#gc--! ,mirror ( ,human ,salvation1--:i* is ascrib$ by ,hadrian ,junius to ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 has be5 m frequ5tly ! subject ( discussion among bibliograph]s & writ]s :o h treat$ ( ! orig9 ( pr9t+1 ?an any o!r "w4 ,a great proportion1 h[ev]1 ( :at has be5 writt5 on ! subject consi/s ( gr\ndless speculation2 & ! facts elicit$1 comp>$ ) ! conjectures prop\nd$1 are z 8two gra9s ( :eat to a bu%el ( *aff40 ,x w\ld be a wa/e ( "t to recite at l5g? ! v>i\s op9ions t h be5 ent]ta9$ ) respect to ! date ( ?is book1 ! mann] 9 :i* ! text 0 pr9t$1 & ! pr9t]'s "n4 ,! /atem5ts & ! !ories put =? by ,junius & ,me]man 9 ,co/]'s fav\r1 s f> z ! execution ( ! ,speculum is conc]n$1 are decid$ly contradict$ by ! book itself4 ,)\t1 !re=e1 recapitulat+ argum5ts :i* are contradict$ by e/abli%$ facts1 ,i %all endeav\r to give a correct acc\nt ( ! "w1 leav+ ^? :o *oose to comp>e x1 & reconcile x if !y c1 ) ! foll[+ ass]tions made by ,co/]'s advocates3 #a4 t ! ,speculum 0 fir/ pr9t$ by him 9 ,dut* ) wood5 types2 #b4 t :ile engrav+ a ,lat9 edition on blocks ( wood he discov]$ ! art ( pr9t+ ) moveable lett]s2 #c4 t ! ,lat9 edition1 9 :i* ! text is p>tly f moveable types & p>tly f wood-blocks1 0 pr9t$ by ,co/]'s heirs & successors1 _! moveable types hav+ be5 /ol5 by ,john ,gutemb]g be=e ! :ole ( ! text 0 set up4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gc3 ,x is sometimes nam$ 8,speculum ,figuratum20 & ,junius 9 8 acc\nt ( ,co/]'s inv5tion calls x 8,speculum ,no/r ,salutis40 ,! ,speculum :i* has be5 ! subject ( s mu* discussion is ( a small folio size1 & )\t date or pr9t]'s "n4 ,!re are f\r editions ( x kn[n to bibliograph]s1 all conta9+ ! same cuts2 two ( ^? editions are 9 ,lat91 & two 9 ,dut*4 ,9 ! ,lat9 editions ! "w consi/s ( sixty-?ree leaves1 five ( :i* are occupi$ by an introduction or prologue1 & on ! o!r fifty-eight are pr9t$ ! cuts & explanatory text4 ,! ,dut* editions1 ?\gh conta9+ ! same numb] ( cuts z ! ,lat91 consi/ ( only sixty-two leaves ea*1 z ! preface occupies only f\r4 ,9 all ^? editions ! leaves are pr9t$ on "o side only4 ,besides ! f\r editions above notic$1 :i* h be5 ascrib$ to ,co/] & h excit$ s mu* controv]sy1 !re are two or ?ree o!rs 9 :i* ! cuts are m co>sely engrav$1 & probably execut$1 at a lat] p]iod1 9 ,g]many4 ,!re is also a qu>to edition ( ! ,speculum1 pr9t$ 9 #adhc1 at ,culemburg1 by ,john ,veld5]1 & ornam5t$ ) ! id5tical cuts ( ! folio editions ascrib$ to ,co/] & 8 heirs4 ,! f\r controv]t$ editions ( ! ,speculum may be consid]$ z hold+ a middle place betwe5 block-books1--:i* are :olly execut$1 bo? text & cuts1 by ! wood-engrav]1--& books pr9t$ ) moveable types3 = 9 ?ree ( ! editions ! cuts are pr9t$ by means ( friction ) a rubb] or burni%]1 9 ! mann] ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & o!r block-books1 :ile ! text1 set 9 moveable type1 has be5 work$ (f by means ( a press2 & 9 a f\r? edition1 9 :i* ! cuts are tak5 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! =m]1 tw5ty pages ( ! text are pr9t$ f wood-blocks by means ( friction1 :ile ! rema9d] are pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] z ! :ole ( ! text 9 ! ?ree o!r editions2 t is1 f moveable metal types1 & by means ( a press4 ,!re are fifty-eight cuts 9 ! ,speculum1 ea* ( :i* is divid$ into two comp>tm5ts by a sl5d] column 9 ! middle4 ,9 all ! editions ! cuts are plac$ z head-pieces at ! top ( ea* page1 hav+ und]nea? !m1 9 two columns1 ! explanatory text4 ,"u ea* comp>tm5t ! title ( ! subject1 9 ,lat91 is engrav$ on ! block4 ,! foll[+ r$uc$ copy ( ! fir/ cut w give an idea ( _! =m1 z e subject has pill>s at ! side1 & is surm\nt$ by an ar* 9 ! same /yle4 ,illu/ration ,! /yle ( engrav+ 9 ^? cuts is simil> to ^? ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible4 ,! =m] are1 h[ev]1 on ! :ole execut$ ) great] delicacy1 & conta9 m "w4 ,! %ad[s & folds ( ! drap]y 9 ! fir/ =ty-eight cuts are indicat$ by %ort p>allel l9es1 :i* are mo/ly horizontal4 ,9 ! =ty-n9? & subsequ5t cuts1 z has be5 notic$ by ,mr4 ,ottley1 a *ange 9 ! mode ( indicat+ ! %ades & ! folds 9 ! drap]ies is p]ceptible2 = ! %ort p>allel l9es1 in/ead ( be+ horizontal z 9 ! =m]1 are mo/ly slant+4 ,he9ek5 obs]ves1 t to ! =ty-eigh? cut inclusive1 ! *apt]s 9 ! pr9t$ "w are con=mable ) ! old ,lat9 manuscripts2 & z a p]ceptible *ange 9 ! execution comm5ces ) ! =ty-n9?1 x is n unlikely t ! cuts 7 engrav$ by two diff]5t p]sons4 ,! two foll[+ cuts are fac-similes ( ! comp>tm5ts ( ! fir/1 ( :i* a r$uc$ copy has be5 previ\sly giv54 ,illu/ration ,9 ! above cut1 its title1 8,casus ,lucif]i10--! ,fall ( ,lucif]1--is engrav$ at ! bottom2 & ! subject repres5t$ is ,satan & ! rebelli\s angels driv5 out ( heav51 z typical ( man's disob$i5ce & fall4 ,! foll[+ are ! fir/ two l9es ( ! column ( text und]nea? ! cut 9 ! ,lat9 editions3 ,in*oatur speculum humanae salvacionis ,9 quo patet casus hom9is et modus repactionis4 ,:i* may be translat$ into ,engli% ?us3 ,9 ! ,mirror ( ,salvation "h is repres5t$ pla9 ,! fall ( man1 & by :at means he made 8 peace aga94 ,! foll[+ is ! "r-h& comp>tm5t ( ! same cut4 ,! title ( ?is subject1 z 9 all ! o!rs1 is engrav$ at ! bottom2 ! contract$ words :5 writt5 9 full are1 8,deus creavit hom9em ad ymag9em et similitud9em suam10--,god creat$ man aft] 8 own image & lik5ess4 ,illu/ration ,! fir/ two l9es ( ! text 9 ! column und]nea? ?is cut are1 ,muli] autem 9 p>adiso e/ =mata ,de co/is viri dormi5ti e/ p>ata4 ,t is1 9 ,engli% rhyme ( simil> measure1 ,! woman 0 9 ,p>adise = man an help meet made1 ,f ,adam's rib creat$ z he asleep 0 laid4 ,! cuts 9 all ! editions are pr9t$ 9 light br[n or sepia col\r :i* has be5 mix$ ) wat]1 & readily yields to moi/ure4 ,! impressions h evid5tly be5 tak5 by means ( friction1 z ! back ( ! pap] imm$iately beh9d is smoo? & %9+ f ! action ( ! rubb] or burni%]1 :ile on ! l[] "p ( ! page at ! back ( ! text1 :i* has be5 pr9t$ ) moveable types1 !re is no su* appe>ance4 ,9 ! second ,lat9 edition1 9 :i* ! explanatory text to tw5ty ( ! cuts,,ii-#gd has be5 pr9t$ f engrav$ wood-blocks by means ( friction1 ! rev]se ( ^? tw5ty pages pres5ts ! same smoo? appe>ance z ! rev]se ( ! cuts4 ,9 ^? tw5ty pages ( text f engrav$ wood-blocks ! ink is light]-col\r$ ?an 9 ! rema9d] ( ! book :i* is pr9t$ f moveable types1 ?\gh mu* d>k] ?an t ( ! cuts4 ,x is1 !re=e1 evid5t t ! two impressions1--! "o f ! block conta9+ ! cut1 & ! o!r f ! block conta9+ ! text1--h be5 tak5 sep>ately4 ,9 ! pages pr9t$ f moveable types1 ! ink1 :i* has evid5tly be5 comp\nd$ ) oil1 is full-bodi$1 & ( a d>k br[n col\r1 approa*+ ne>ly to black4 ,9 ! o!r ?ree editions1 "o ,lat9 & two ,dut*1 9 :i* ! text is entirely f moveable types1 ! ink is also full-bodi$ & ne>ly jet black1 =m+ a /rong contra/ ) ! fa9t col\r ( ! cuts4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gd3 ,! cuts :i* h ! text pr9t$ f wood-blocks are ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ad1 #af1 #ag1 #ba1 #bb1 #bf1 #bg1 #df1 & #ee4--;,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #ddd4 ,! plan ( ! ,speculum is almo/ ! same z t ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible1 & is equally z well entitl$ z ! latt] to be call$ 8,a ,hi/ory typical & anti-typical ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t40 ,sev]al ( ! subjects 9 ! two books are treat$ ne>ly 9 ! same mann]1 ?\gh 9 no s+le in/ance1 s f> z my obs]vation goes1 is ! design precisely ! same 9 bo?4 ,9 sev]al ( ! cuts ( ! ,speculum1 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible1 "o comp>tm5t conta9s ! suppos$ type or prefiguration1 & ! o!r its fulfilm5t2 = in/ance3 at ,no4 #ag ! appe>ance ( ! ,"l to ,moses 9 ! burn+ bu% is typical ( ! ,annunciation2 at ,no4 #bc ! braz5 ba? 9 ! temple ( ,solomon is typical ( baptism2 at ,no4 #ca ! manna provid$ = ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 9 ! ,des]t is typical ( ! ,"l's ,supp]2 at ,no4 #de ! ,crucifixion is repres5t$ 9 "o comp>tm5t1 & 9 ! o!r is ,tubal-,ca91 ! inv5tor ( iron-"w1 & consequ5tly ( ! nails ) :i* ,*ri/ 0 fix$ to ! cross2 & at ,no4 #ec ! desc5t ( ,*ri/ to ,hades1 & ! lib]ation ( ! patri>*s & fa!rs1 is typifi$ by ! escape ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel f ,egypt4 ,?\gh mo/ ( ! subjects are f ! ,bible or ! ,apocrypha1 yet !re are two or ?ree :i* ! design] has borr[$ f pr(ane hi/ory3 su* z ,semiramis contemplat+ ! hang+ g>d5s ( ,babylon2 ! ,sibyl & ,augu/us2 & ,codrus k+ ( ,a!ns incurr+ dea? 9 ord] to secure victory to 8 p4 ,! ,speculum ,salvationis1 z pr9t$ 9 ! editions previ\sly notic$1 is only a portion ( a l>g] "w ) ! same title1 & ornam5t$ ) simil> designs1 :i* _h be5 kn[n long be=e 9 manuscript4 ,he9ek5 says1 at page #dgh ( 8 ,ide ,gnrale1 t ! olde/ copy he ev] saw 0 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na2 &1 at page #dfh1 he obs]ves t x appe>$ to belong to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! manuscript "w1 :5 complete1 consi/$ ( =ty-five *apt]s 9 rhym+ ,lat91 to :i* 0 prefix$ an introduction conta9+ a li/ ( !m4 ,ea* ( ! fir/ =ty-two *apt]s conta9$ f\r subjects1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 ! pr9cipal1 & ! o!r ?ree illu/rative ( x4 ,to ea* ( ^! *apt]s 7 two draw+s1 e "o ( :i*1 z 9 ! pr9t$ copies ( ! "w1 consi/$ ( two comp>tm5ts4 ,! la/ ?ree *apt]s conta9$ ea* eight subjects1 & ea* subject 0 ornam5t$ ) a design4,,ii-#ge ,! :ole numb] ( sep>ate illu/rations 9 ! "w 0 ?us "o hundr$ & n9ety-two4 ,! pr9t$ folio editions conta9 only fifty-eight cuts1 or "o hundr$ & sixte5 sep>ate illu/rations4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ge3 ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #dgd4 ,?\gh ! ,speculum f ! "t ( ! publication ( ,junius's "w,,ii-#gf _h be5 confid5tly claim$ = ,co/]1 yet no writ]1 ei!r = or aga9/ him1 appe>s to h p>ticul>ly direct$ 8 att5tion to ! mann] 9 :i* ! "w 0 execut$ be=e ,f\rni]1 :o 9 #ageh1 9 a diss]tation on ! ,orig9 & ,progress ( ! ,art ( ,wood-engrav+1,,ii-#gg fir/ publi%$ "s p>ticul>s respect+ ! "w 9 "q1 :i* induc$ ,me]man & ,he9ek5 to speculate on ! priority ( ! diff]5t editions4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 h[ev]1 has prov$1 9 a mann] :i* c>ries ) x ! c]ta9ty ( ma!matical demon/ration1 t ! conjectures ( bo? ! latt] writ]s respect+ ! priority ( ! editions ( ! ,speculum are absolutely errone\s4 ,to elicit ! tru? does n1 ) respect to ?is "w1 seem to h be5 ! object ( ^? two writ]s4 ,bo? _h esp\s$ !ories on its orig9 )\t mu* inquiry ) respect to facts1 & ea* presum$ t edition to be ! fir/ :i* seem$ mo/ likely to support 8 own speculations4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gf3 ,! 8,batavia0 or ,junius1 9 :i* ! "n ( ,lawr5ce ,co/] fir/ appe>s z a pr9t]1 0 publi%$ 9 #aehh4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gg3 ,diss]tation sur l',orig9e et les ,progrs de l',art de ,grav] en ,bois4 ,p> ,m4 ,f\rni] le ,jeune1 #hvo4 ,p>is1 #ageh4 ,he9ek51 :o assum$ t ! "w 0 ( ,g]man orig91 insi/$ t ! fir/ edition 0 t 9 :i* ! text is pr9t$ p>tly f moveable types & p>tly f lett]s engrav$ on wood-blocks1 & t ! ,dut* editions 7 execut$ subsequ5tly 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,! ,lat9 edition ) ! text entirely pr9t$ f moveable types he is pleas$ to d5om9ate ! second1 & to ass]t1 contr>y to ! evid5ce :i* ! "w itself af=ds1 t ! type resembles t ( ,fau/ & ,s*eff]1 & t ! cuts 9 ?is second ,lat9 edition1 z he errone\sly calls x1 are co>s] & n s %>p z ^? 9 ! ,lat9 edition :i* he supposes to be ! fir/4 ,f\rni]'s discov]ies ) respect to ! execution ( ! ,speculum seem to h produc$ a complete *ange z to its orig9 9 ! op9ions ( ,me]man2 :o1 9 #ageg1 ! ye> be=e ,f\rni]'s diss]tation 0 pr9t$1 _h express$ 8 belief1 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,wag5a>1 t :at 0 alleg$ 9 fav\r ( ,co/] be+ ! inv5tor ( pr9t+ 0 m]e gratuit\s ass]tion2 t ! text ( ! ,speculum 0 probably pr9t$ aft] ! cuts1 & subsequ5t to #adgj2 t !re 0 n a s+le docum5t1 nor an iota ( evid5ce1 to %[ t ,co/] ev] us$ moveable types2 & la/ly1 t ! ,lat9 0 prior to ! ,dut* edition ( ! ,speculum1 z 0 app>5t f ! ,lat9 names engrav$ at ! foot ( ! cuts1 :i* c]ta9ly w\ld h be5 9 ,dut* _h ! cuts be5 orig9ally de/9$ = a ,dut* edition4,,ii-#gh ,9 ! tee? ( 8 own previ\s op9ions1 hav+ app>5tly ga9$ a new light f ,f\rni]'s discov]ies1 ,me]man1 9 8 ,orig9es ,typographic1 pr9t$ 9 #agfe1 endeav\rs to prove t ! ,dut* edition 0 ! fir/1 & t x 0 pr9t$ ) moveable wood5 types by ,co/]4 ,! ,lat9 edition 9 :i* ! text is pr9t$ p>tly f moveable types & p>tly f wood-blocks he supposes to h be5 pr9t$ by ,co/]'s heirs aft] 8 decease1 ?us endeav\r+ to give cr$ibility to ! /ory ( ,co/] hav+ di$ ( grief on acc\nt ( 8 types be+ /ol51 & to enc\rage ! supposition t 8 heirs 9 ?is edition suppli$ ! loss by hav+ engrav$ on blocks ( wood ^? pages :i* 7 n already pr9t$4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gh3 ,a ,fr5* translation ( ,me]man's lett]1 :i* 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,dut*1 is giv5 by ,sant&] 9 8 ,dictionnaire ,bibliographique1 tom4 i4 pp4 #ad-ah1 #hvo4 ,bruxelles1 #ahje4 ,f\rni]'s discov]ies relative to ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,speculum 0 execut$ 73 #a/1 t ! cuts & ! text _h be5 pr9t$ at sep>ate times1 & t ! =m] _h be5 pr9t$ by means ( friction2 #b;d1 t a portion ( ! text 9 "o ( ! ,lat9 editions _h be5 pr9t$ f engrav$ wood-blocks4,,ii-#gi ,f\rni]1 :o 0 a type-f\nd] & wood-engrav]1 imag9$ t ! moveable types ) :i* ! ,speculum 0 pr9t$ 7 ( wood4 ,he also ass]t$ t ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt] & an e>ly edition ( ! ,bible 7 pr9t$ ) moveable wood5 types4 ,su* ass]tions are be/ answ]$ by a simple negative1 leav+ ! p]son :o puts !m =? to make out a probable case4 ,footnote ,,ii-#gi3 ,diss]tation1 pp4 #bi-cb4 ,! _m mi/akes :i* ,f\rni] commits 9 8 ,diss]tation1 excite a suspicion t he 0 ei!r sup]ficially acqua9t$ ) 8 subject1 or extremely c>eless4 ,he publi%$ two or ?ree o!r small works on ! subject ( engrav+ & pr9t+1--aft] ! mann] ( 8,supplem5ts to an ,app5dix10--! pr9cipal ( :i* is entitl$ 8,de l',orig9e et des ,productions de l',imprim]ie primitive en taille de bois2 avec une refutation des prjugs plus ou mo9s accr$its sur cet art2 p\r s]vir de suite la ,diss]tation sur l',orig9e de l',art de grav] en bois4 ,p>is1 #agei40 ,! fact hav+ be5 e/abli%$ t 9 "o ( ! editions ( ! ,speculum a "p ( ! text 0 pr9t$ f wood-blocks1 :ile ! :ole ( ! text 9 ! o!r ?ree 0 pr9t$ f moveable types1 ,he9ek51 )\t dilig5tly comp>+ ! editions ) ea* o!r 9 ord] to obta9 fur!r evid5ce1 decides 9 fav\r ( t edition be+ ! fir/ 9 :i* "p ( ! text is pr9t$ f wood-blocks4 ,8 reasons = suppos+ ?is to be ! fir/ edition1 ?\gh speci\s 9 appe>ance1 are at v>iance ) ! facts :i* h s9ce be5 incontrov]tibly e/abli%$ by ,mr4 ,ottley1 ^: scrut9iz+ exam9ation ( ! diff]5t editions has cle>ly %[n ! futility ( all =m] speculations respect+ _! priority4 ,! argum5t ( ,he9ek5 is to ?is effect3 8,x is improbable t a pr9t] :o _h pr9t$ an edition :olly ) moveable types %\ld aft]w>ds h rec\rse to an engrav] to cut = him on blocks ( wood a portion ( ! text = a second edition2 & x is equally improbable t a wood-engrav] :o _h discov]$ ! art ( pr9t+ ) moveable types1 & _h us$ !m to pr9t ! entire text ( ! fir/ edition1 %\ld1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ab&on 8 inv5tion 9 a second by pr9t+ a portion ( ! text f engrav$ blocks ( wood40 ,! foll[+ is ! ord] 9 :i* he arranges ! diff]5t editions3 #a4 ,! ,lat9 edition 9 :i* "p ( ! text is pr9t$ f wood-blocks4 #b4 ,! ,lat9 edition 9 :i* ! text is entirely pr9t$ f moveable types4 #c4 ,! ,dut* edition ) ! text pr9t$ :olly f moveable types1 suppos$ by ,me]man to be ! fir/ edition ( all4,,ii-#hj #d4 ,! ,dut* edition ) ! text pr9t$ :olly f moveable types1 & :i* diff]s only f ! prec$+ "o 9 hav+ ! two pages ( text "u cuts ,no4 #de & #ef pr9t$ 9 a type diff]5t f ! re/ ( ! book4 ,footnote ,,ii-#hj3 ,he9ek5 seems incl9$ to consid] ?is z ! second ,dut* edition2 & he only m5tions x z ! fir/ ,dut* edition because x is call$ s by ,me]man4--,ide ,gn4 pp4 #dec1 #ded4 ,! prec$+ arrangem5t--includ+ ,me]man's op9ion respect+ ! priority ( ! ,dut* edition--re/s entirely on conjecture1 & is almo/ diametrically contradict$ 9 e in/ance by ! evid5ce af=d$ by ! books !mselves2 = ?r\gh ! comp>isons & inve/igations ( ,mr4 ,ottley x is prov$1 to an absolute c]ta9ty1 t ! ,lat9 edition suppos$ by ,he9ek5 to be ! second is ! e>lie/ ( all2 t ! edition ,no4 #d1 call$ ! second ,dut*1 is ! next 9 ord] to ! actual fir/ ,lat92 & t ! two editions1 ,no4 #a & ,no4 #c1 respectively proclaim$ by ,he9ek5 & ,me]man z ! e>lie/1 h be5 pr9t$ subsequ5tly to ! o!r two4,,ii-#ha ,:i* ( ! pret5d$ fir/ editions 0 9 reality ! la/1 has n be5 satisfactorily det]m9$2 ?\gh !re seems reason to believe t x 0 ! ,lat9 "o :i* has "p ( ! text pr9t$ f wood-blocks4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ha3 ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 pp4 #bje-bag4 ,?\gh diff]+ f ,mr4 ,ottley 9 ! conclusions :i* he draws f ! facts elicit$ by him respect+ ! priority ( ! editions ( ! ,speculum1 ,i be> a will+ te/imony to ! value ( 8 discov]ies on ?is subject1 :i* may rank among ! mo/ int]e/+ t h result$ f bibliographical rese>*4 ,x is well kn[n to e p]son acqua9t$ ) ! practice ( wood-engrav+1 t portions ( s+le l9es 9 su* cuts z ^? ( ! ,speculum are (t5 brok5 out ( ! block 9 ! process ( pr9t+4 ,if two books1 !re=e1 conta9+ ! same wood-cuts1 b evid5tly pr9t$ at diff]5t times1 ?\gh )\t a date1 %\ld be submitt$ to ! exam9ation ( a p]son acqua9t$ ) ! above fact & be>+ x 9 m9d1 he w\ld d\btless decl>e t ! copy 9 :i* ! cuts 7 mo/ p]fect 0 fir/ pr9t$1 & t ! o!r 9 :i* p>ts ( ! cuts appe>$ brok5 away 0 ( a lat] date4 ,if1 on comp>+ o!r copies ( ! same editions he %\ld f9d ! same v>iations1 ! impression on 8 m9d z to ! priority ( ! editions w\ld am\nt to absolute c]ta9ty4 ,! id5tity ( ! cuts 9 all ! f\r editions ( ! ,speculum be+ unque/ionable1 & z c]ta9 m9ute fractures 9 ! l9es ( "s ( !m1 z if small portions ( ! block _h be5 brok5 out 9 pr9t+1 _h be5 previ\sly notic$ by ,f\rni] & ,he9ek51 ,mr4 ,ottley conceiv$ ! idea ( comp>+ ! respective cuts 9 ! diff]5t editions1 ) a view ( asc]ta9+ ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 pr9t$4 ,he fir/ comp>$ two copies ( ! edition call$ ! fir/ ,lat9 ) a copy ( t call$ ! second ,dut*1 & f9d+1 t1 9 sev]al ( ! cuts ( ! =m]1 p>ts ( l9es 7 want+ :i* 9 ! latt] 7 p]fect1 he conclud$ t ! miscall$ second ,dut* edition 0 9 fact ( an e>li] date ?an ! pret5d$ fir/ ,lat9 edition ( ,he9ek54 ,9 fur!r comp>+ ! above editions ) ! suppos$ second ,lat9 edition ( ,he9ek5 & ! suppos$ fir/ ,dut* edition ( ,me]man1 he f\nd t ! cuts 9 ! miscall$ second ,lat9 edition 7 ! mo/ p]fect ( all2 & t ! cuts 9 ,he9ek5's fir/ ,lat9 & ,me]man's fir/ ,dut* editions conta9$ m brok5 l9es ?an ! edition nam$ by ^? au?ors ! second ,dut*4 ,! conclusion :i* he arriv$ at f ^? facts 0 irresi/ible1 namely1 t ! e>lie/ edition ( all 0 t call$ by ,he9ek5 ! second ,lat92 & t ! edition call$ ! second ,dut* 0 ! next 9 ord]4 ,z ! cuts 9 ! copies exam9$ ( ! pret5d$ fir/ ,lat9 & ,dut* editions conta9$ simil> fractures1 x c\ld n be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty :i* 0 actually ! la/4 ,z x is und\bt$ t ! cuts ( all ! editions h be5 pr9t$ sep>ately f ! text1 x has be5 object$ t ,mr4 ,ottley's exam9ation has only asc]ta9$ ! ord] 9 :i* ! cuts h be5 pr9t$1 b by no means decid$ ! priority ( ! editions ( ! entire book4 ,all ! cuts1 x has be5 object$1 might h be5 tak5 by ! engrav] be=e ! text 0 pr9t$ 9 a s+le edition1 & x might ?us happ5 t ! book fir/ pr9t$ ) text might conta9 ! la/1 & consequ5tly ! mo/ imp]fect cuts4 ,?is exception1 :i* is f\nd$ on a v improbable presumption1 w be be/ answ]$ by ! foll[+ facts e/abli%$ on a comp>ison ( ! two ,lat91 & :i*1 ,i believe1 h n be5 previ\sly notic$3--,on closely comp>+ ^? pages :i* are pr9t$ ) moveable types 9 ! true second edition ) ! correspond+ pages 9 t edition :i* is prop]ly ! fir/1 x 0 evid5t f ! diff]5t spell+ ( _m ( ! words1 & ! diff]5t l5g? ( ! l9es1 t !y _h be5 pr9t$ at diff]5t times3 b on comp>+1 h[ev]1 ^? pages :i* are pr9t$ 9 ! second edition f engrav$ wood-blocks ) ! correspond+ pages1 f moveable type1 9 ! fir/ edition1 ,i f\nd ! spell+ & ! l5g? ( ! l9es to be ! same4 ,! page pr9t$ f ! wood-block 01 9 %ort1 a fac-simile ( ! correspond+ page pr9t$ f moveable types4 ,s completely did !y correspond1 t ,i h no d\bt t an impression ( ! page pr9t$ f moveable types _h be5 8transf]r$10,,ii-#hb z engrav]s say1 to ! block4 ,9 ! la/ cut,,ii-#hc ( ! fir/ edition ,i notic$ a scroll :i* 0 q black1 z if meant to conta9 an inscription :i* ! arti/ _h neglect$ to engrave2 & 9 ! second edition ,i p]ceiv$ t ! black 0 cut away1 ?us hav+ ! "p int5d$ = ! inscription :ite4 ,ano!r pro(1 9 addition to ^? adduc$ by ,mr4 ,ottley ( t ,lat9 edition be+ truly ! fir/ 9 :i* ! :ole ( ! text is pr9t$ f moveable types4 ,footnote ,,ii-#hb3 ,wood-engrav]s ( ! pres5t day are accu/om$ to transf] an old impression f a cut or a page ( lett]-press to a block 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,!y fir/ moi/5 ! back ( ! pap] on :i* ! cut or lett]-press is pr9t$ ) a mixture ( conc5trat$ pota% & ess5ce ( lav5d] 9 equal quantities1 :i* causes ! ink to sep>ate readily f ! pap]2 next1 :5 ! pap] is ne>ly dry1 ! cut or page is plac$ above a prep>$ block1 & by mod]ate pressure ! ink comes (f f ! pap]1 & leaves an impression ^u ! wood4 ,footnote ,,ii-#hc3 ,! subject is ,daniel expla9+ to ,bel%azz> ! writ+ on ! wall4 ,?\gh !re c no long] be a d\bt 9 ! m9d ( any imp>tial p]son ( t ,lat9 edition1 9 :i* "p ( ! text is pr9t$ f engrav$ wood-blocks1 & ! re/ f moveable types1 be+ lat] ?an ! o!r2 yet ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is fact sugge/s a "q1 z to ! cause ( "p ( ! text ( ?is second ,lat9 edition be+ pr9t$ f wood-blocks1 :i* _c p]haps be v satisfactorily answ]$4 ,all writ]s previ\s to ,mr4 ,ottley1 :o _h notic$ t ! text 0 pr9t$ p>tly f moveable types & p>tly f wood-blocks1 decid$1 )\t hesitation1 t ?is edition 0 ! fir/2 & ea*1 accord+ly z he esp\s$ ! cause ( ,gutemb]g or ,co/]1 proce$$ to !orise on ?is assum$ fact4 ,z _! argum5ts 7 f\nd$ 9 error1 x _c be a matt] ( surprise t _! conclusions %\ld be inconsi/5t ) tru?4 ,! fact ( ?is edition be+ subsequ5t to t 9 :i* ! text is pr9t$ :olly f moveable types has be5 que/ion$ on two gr\nds3 #a/4 ,! improbability t ! p]son :o _h pr9t$ ! text ( a =m] edition entirely f moveable types %\ld 9 a lat] edition h rec\rse to ! m t$i\s op]ation ( engrav+ "p ( ! text on wood-blocks4 #b;d4 ,suppos+ t ! own] ( ! cuts _h det]m9$ 9 a lat] edition to engrave ! text on blocks ( wood1 x is difficult to conceive :at c\ld be 8 reason = ab&on+ 8 plan1 aft] tw5ty pages ( ! text 7 engrav$1 & pr9t+ ! rema9d] ) moveable types4 ,be=e attempt+ to answ] ^? objections1 ,i ?9k x necess>y to obs]ve t ! exi/5ce ( a positive fact c nev] be affect$ by any argum5ts :i* are gr\nd$ on ! difficulty ( acc\nt+ = x4 ,objections1 h[ev] speci\s1 c nev] alt] ! immutable "* ( tru?1 ?\gh !y may affect op9ions1 & excite d\bts 9 ! m9ds ( p]sons :o h n an opportunity ( exam9+ & judg+ = !mselves4 ,) respect to ! fir/ objection1 x is to be rememb]$ t 9 all ! editions1 ! text1 :e!r f wood-blocks or moveable types1 has be5 pr9t$ sep>ately f ! cuts2 consequ5tly ! cuts ( ! fir/ edition might be pr9t$ by a wood-engrav]1 & ! text set up & pr9t$ by ano!r p]son :o possess$ moveable types4 ,! engrav] ( ! cuts might n be possess$ ( any moveable types :5 ! text ( ! fir/ edition 0 pr9t$2 &1 z x is a well-kn[n fact t wood-engrav]s cont9u$ to execute entire pages ( text = upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( pr9t+ ) moveable types1 x is n unlikely t he might attempt to engrave ! text ( a second edition & pr9t ! book solely = 8 own advantage4 ,?is supposition is to a c]ta9 ext5t corroborat$ by ! fact ( ! tw5ty pages ( engrav$ text 9 ! second ,lat9 edition be+ fac-similes ( ! tw5ty correspond+ pages ( text f moveable types 9 ! fir/4 ,to ! second objection e day's exp]i5ce sugge/s a ready answ]2 = sc>cely any?+ is m common ?an = a p]son to attempt a "w :i* he f9ds x difficult to complete1 &1 aft] mak+ "s progress 9 x1 to require ! aid ( a k9dr$ art1 & ab&on 8 orig9al plan4 ,z ! fir/ edition ( ! ,speculum 0 pr9t$ subsequ5t to ! discov]y ( ! art ( pr9t+ ) moveable types1 & z x 0 probably pr9t$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 :]e ! typographic art 0 fir/ introduc$ ab\t #adgb1 ,i c discov] no reason = believ+ t ! "w 0 execut$ be=e t p]iod4 ,sant&]1 :o 0 s well acqua9t$ ) ! progress ( typography 9 ,belgium & ,holl&1 is ( op9ion t ! ,speculum is n ( an e>li] date ?an #adhj4 ,9 #adhc ,john ,veld5] pr9t$ at ,culemburg a qu>to edition ( ! ,speculum1 9 :i* ! cuts are ! same z 9 ! e>li] folios4 ,9 ord] to adapt ! cuts to ?is small] edition ,veld5] _h sawn ea* block 9 two1 ?r\gh ! c5tre pill> :i* =ms a sep>ation betwe5 ! two comp>tm5ts 9 ea* ( ! orig9al engrav+s4 ,veld5]'s qu>to edition1 :i* has ! text pr9t$ on bo? sides ( ! pap] f moveable types1 conta9s twelve m cuts ?an ! old] editions1 b design$ & execut$ 9 ! same /yle4,,ii-#hd ,if ,lawr5ce ,co/] _h be5 ! inv5tor ( pr9t+ ) moveable types1 & if any "o folio edition ( ! ,speculum _h be5 execut$ by him1 we _c suppose t ,veld5]1 :o 0 himself a wood-engrav]1 z well z a pr9t]1 w\ld h be5 ignorant ( ^? facts4 ,he1 h[ev]1 pr9t$ two editions ( ! ,fasciculus ,temporum1--"o at ,l\va9 9 #adgf1 & ! o!r at ,utre*t 9 #adhj1--;a "w :i* conta9s a %ort notice ( ! art ( pr9t+ be+ discov]$ at ,m5tz1 b n a syllable conc]n+ its discov]y at ,h>lem by ,lawr5ce ,co/]4 ,! rese>*es ( ,co/]'s advocates h cle>ly e/abli%$ "o important fact1 ?\gh an un=tunate "o = _! argum5t2 namely1 t ! ,cu/os or ,w>d5 ( ,/4 ,bavon's 0 n kn[n z a pr9t] to "o ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,! citiz5s ( ,h>lem1 h[ev]1 h /ill some?+ to console !mselves )3 ?\gh ,co/] may n be ! inv5tor ( pr9t+1 !re c be little d\bt ( ,junius1 or 8 editor1 be+ ! discov]] ( ,co/]1-- 8,e/ quoddam prodire t5us1 si non datur ultra40 ,footnote ,,ii-#hd3 ,he9ek5 gives an acc\nt ( ^? twelve additional cuts at page #dfc ( 8 ,ide ,gnrale4 ,x appe>s t ,veld5] also publi%$ 9 ! same ye> ano!r edition ( ! ,speculum1 also 9 qu>to1 conta9+ ! same cuts z ! old] folios1 b )\t ! twelve above m5tion$4 ,!re is 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum a small volume ( wood-cuts1 :i* has n hi!rto be5 describ$ by any bibliograph]1 nor by any writ] :o has treat$ on ! orig9 & progress ( wood engrav+4 ,x appe>s to h be5 unkn[n to ,he9ek51 ,breitkopf1 ,von ,murr1 & ,me]man2 & x is n m5tion$1 t ,i am aw>e (1 ei!r by ,dr4 ,dibd9 or ,mr4 ,d\ce1 al?\gh x c]ta9ly 0 submitt$ to ! inspection ( ! latt]4 ,x =m]ly belong$ to ! late ,sir ,george ,beaumont1 by :om x 0 bequea!d to ! ,museum2 b :]e he obta9$ x ,i h n be5 able to le>n4 ,x consi/s ( an alphabet ( l>ge capital lett]s1 =m$ ( figures arrang$ 9 v>i\s attitudes2 & f ! g5]al "* ( ! designs1 ! /yle ( ! engrav+1 & ! k9d ( pap] on :i* ! impressions h be5 tak51 x evid5tly belongs to ! same p]iod z ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible4 ,!re is only "o cut on ea* leaf1 ! back be+ left blank z 9 mo/ ( ! block-books1 & ! impressions h be5 tak5 by means ( friction4 ,! pap] at ! back ( ea* cut has a %9+ appe>ance :5 held t[>ds ! light1 9 consequ5ce ( ! rubb+ :i* x has receiv$2 & 9 "s x appe>s z if x _h be5 black$ ) *>coal1 9 ! same mann] t "s p>ts ( ! c>toons 7 black$ :i* h be5 prick$ ?r\gh by ! tape/ry work]4 ,! ink is m]ely a di/emp] or wat]-col\r1 :i* w p>tly wa% out by ! application ( hot wat]1 & its col\r is a k9d ( sepia4 ,ea* leaf1 :i* is ab\t six in*es high1 by ?ree & six-eigh?s wide1 consi/s ( a sep>ate piece ( pap]1 & is pa/$1 at ! inn] m>g91 on to a slip ei!r ( pap] or p>*m5t1 ?r\gh :i* ! /it*+ ( ! cov] passes4 ,:e!r ! pap] has be5 cut 9 ?is mann] be=e or aft] t ! impressions 7 tak51 ,i am unable to det]m9e4,,ii-#he ,footnote ,,ii-#he3 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( ! pap]-m>k1 :i* appe>s to be a k9d ( an*or ) a small cross spr++ f a ball or knob at ! junction ( ! arms ) ! %ank4 ,x be>s a consid]able degree ( resemblance to ! m>k giv5 at page #fb1 f an edition ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,an an*or is to be f\nd z a pap]-m>k 9 editions ( ! ,apocalypse1 & ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible4 ,accord+ to ,sant&]1 a simil> pap]-m>k is to be f\nd 9 books pr9t$ at ,cologne1 ,l\va91 & ,utre*t1 f ab\t #adgj to #adhj4 ,illu/ration ,! great] "p ( ! lett] ,a is torn out1 & 9 t :i* rema9s !re are p9-m>ks1 z if x _h be5 trac$ by be+ prick$ ?r\gh4 ,! lett]s ,s1 ,t1 & ,v are also want+4 ,! foll[+ is a brief description ( ! lett]s :i* rema94 ,! lett] ,b is compos$ ( five figures1 "o ) a pipe & tabor1 ano!r :o supports him1 a dw>f1 an old man kneel+1 & an old woman ) a /aff4 ,c1 a y\?ful figure r5d+ op5 ! jaws ( a lion1 ) two grotesque heads l ^? ( satyrs4 ,d1 a man on horseback1 & a monk a/ride on a fi5di%-look+ mon/]4 ,e1 two grotesque heads1 a figure hold+ ! horn ( "o ( !m1 & ano!r figure /ret*+ out a piece ( clo?4 ,f1 a tall figure bl[+ a trumpet1 & a y\? beat+ a tabor1 ) an animal l a dog at _! feet4,,ii-#hf ,g1 ,david ) ,golia?'s head1 & a figure /oop+1 :o appe>s to kiss a flagellum4 ,h1 a figure op5+ ! jaws ( a dragon4 ,i1 a tall man embrac+ a woman4 ,k1 a female ) a wrea?1 a y\? kneel+1 an old man on 8 knees1 & a "y man ) 8 heels upp]mo/4 ,engrav$ z a specim5 at page #aji4 ,l1 a man ) a long sword1 z if ab\t to pi]ce a figure recl9+4 ,engrav$ z a specim5 at page #aaj4 ,m1 two figures1 ea* m\nt$ on a k9d ( mon/]2 betwe5 !m1 an old man4 ,n1 a man ) a sword1 ano!r m\nt$ on ! tail ( a fi%4 ,o1 =m$ ( f\r grotesque heads4 ,p1 two figures ) clubs4 ,q1 =m$ ( ?ree grotesque heads1 simil> to ^? 9 ,o4 ,r1 a tall1 upright figure1 ano!r ) some?+ l a club 9 8 h&2 a ?ird1 ) 8 heels up1 bl[+ a horn4 ,x1 compos$ ( f\r figures1 "o ( :i* has two bells1 & ano!r has "o2 on ! %\ld] ( ! upp] figure to ! "r a squirrel may be p]ceiv$4 ,y1 a figure ) some?+ l a hairy sk9 on 8 %\ld]2 ano!r ?ru/+ a sword ?r\gh ! head ( an animal4 ,z1 ?ree figures2 an old man ab\t to draw a dagg]1 a y\? ly+ d[n1 & ano!r :o appe>s z if fly+4 ,engrav$ z a specim5 at page #aaa4 ,! la/ cut is ! ornam5tal fl[]1 ( :i* a copy is giv5 at page #aac4 ,footnote ,,ii-#hf3 ,! initial ,f1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is *apt]1 is a r$uc$ copy ( ! lett] "h describ$4 ,9 ! same case ) ^? int]e/+1 & probably unique specim5s ( e>ly wood engrav+1 !re is a lett] relat+ to !m1 dat$ #bg? ,may1 #ahai1 f ,mr4 ,samuel ,lysons to ,sir ,george ,beaumont1 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 8,i return h]e) y\r curi\s volume ( anci5t cuts4 ,i %[$ x ye/]day to ,mr4 ,d\ce1 :o agrees ) me t x is a great curiosity4 ,he ?9ks t ! blocks 7 execut$ at ,h>lem1 & are "s ( ! e>lie/ productions ( t place4 ,he has 9 8 possession mo/ ( ! lett]s execut$ 9 copp]1 b v inf]ior to ! orig9al cuts4 ,be=e y return f ! ,cont95t ,i %all probably be able to asc]ta9 some?+ fur!r respect+ !m40 ,:at might be ,mr4 ,d\ce's reasons = suppos+ t ^? cuts 7 execut$ at ,h>lem ,i _c tell2 ?\gh ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he _h no bett] f\ndation = 8 op9ion ?an 8 fai? 9 ,junius1 ,me]man1 & o!r advocates ( ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 :o unhesitat+ly ascribe e e>ly block-book to ! spuri\s 8,(fic9a ,laur5tiana40 ,9 ! manuscript catalogue 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum ! volume is ?us describ$ by ,mr4 ,ottley3 8,alphabet ( initial lett]s compos$ ( grotesque figures1 wood engrav+s ( ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 app>5tly ! "w ( a ,dut* or ,flemi% arti/2 ! impressions tak5 (f by friction 9 ! mann] ( ! e>ly block-books4 4 4 4 ,i p]ceive ! ^w #8,london' 9 small *>act]s writt5 ^u ! blade ( a sword 9 "o ( ! cuts1 ! lett] ,l1 & ,i suspect !y 7 engrav$ 9 ,engl&40 ,illu/ration ,z to :e!r ^! cuts 7 engrav$ 9 ,engl& or no ,i %all n v5ture to give an op9ion4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 satisfi$ t !y 7 nei!r design$ nor engrav$ by ! arti/s :o design$ & engrav$ ! cuts 9 ! ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible4 ,) respect to draw+1 expression1 & engrav+1 ! cuts ( ! ,alphabet are decid$ly sup]ior to ^? ( e block-book1 & g5]ally to all wood engrav+s execut$ previ\s to #aejj1 ) ! exception ( su* z are by ,alb]t ,dur]1 & ^? conta9$ 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia1 an ,italian rhapsody1 ) wood-cuts suppos$ to h be5 design$ by ,raffaele or ,&rea ,mantegna1 & pr9t$ by ,aldus at ,v5ice1 #adii4 ,al?\gh ! cuts ( ! ,alphabet may n h be5 engrav$ 9 ,engl&1 x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 t ! volume _h be5 at r an e>ly p]iod 9 ! possession ( an ,engli%man4 ,! cov] consi/s ( a d\ble fold ( ?ick p>*m5t1 on ! inside ( :i*1 betwe5 ! folds1 !re is writt5 9 l>ge old ,engli% *>act]s :at ,i take to be ! "n 8,edw>dus ,l[es40 ,on ! blank side ( ! la/ leaf !re is a sket* ( a lett] comm5c+ 8,"r rev]5t & w]%ipfull ma/]s & frynds2 ,9 ! mo/e l[eli/e man] t ,i canne or may1 ,i "h recom5de me1 duely glade to h] ( yor good prosp]itye & wel?40 ,! writ+1 z ,i h be5 in=m$1 is ( ! p]iod ( ,h5ry ,,viii2 & on ! slips ( pap] & p>*m5t to :i* ! inn] m>g9s ( ! leaves are pa/$ are portions ( ,engli% manuscripts1 :i* are probably ( ! same date4 ,!re c1 h[ev]1 be little d\bt t ! leaves h be5 m\nt$1 & ! volume cov]$1 ab\t a hundr$ ye>s subsequ5t to ! engrav+ ( ! cuts4 ,illu/ration ,i agree ) ,mr4 ,ottley 9 ?9k+ t ^? cuts 7 engrav$ ab\t ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 b ,i c p]ceive no?+ 9 !m to induce me to suppose !y 7 ! "w ( a ,dut* arti/2 & ,i am z little incl9$ to ascribe !m to a ,g]man4 ,! /yle ( ! draw+ is n unlike :at we see 9 illum9at$ ,fr5* manuscripts ( ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 & z ! only two engrav$ words :i* occur 9 ! volume are ,fr5*1 ,i am r incl9$ to suppose t ! arti/ :o made ! draw+s 0 a native ( ,france4 ,! co/ume ( ! female to :om ! words are address$ appe>s to be ,fr5*2 & ! action ( ! lov] kneel+ seems almo/ *>act]i/ic ( t nation4 ,no ,dut*man c]ta9ly ev] address$ 8 mi/ress ) su* an air4 ,he holds :at appe>s to be a r+ z gracefully z a mod]n ,fr5*man holds a snuff-box1 & ^u ! scroll be=e him are engrav$ a he>t1 & ! words :i* he may be suppos$ to utt]1 8,mon ,ame40 ,at page #aji1 is a fac-simile ( ! cut ref]r$ to1 ! lett] ,k1 ( ! size ( ! orig9al1 & pr9t$ 9 ! same k9d ( col\r4 ,illu/ration ,^u ! sword-blade 9 ! orig9al cut ( ! foll[+ lett]1 ,l1 !re is writt5 9 small *>act]s1 z ,mr4 ,ottley has obs]v$1 ! ^w 8,london20 & 9 ! :ite space on ! "r1 or upp] side1 ( ! figure ly+ d[n1 !re appe>s writt5 9 ! same h& ! "n 8,be!m/$40 ,9 ?is "n ! lett] ,b is n unlike a ,w2 & ,i h he>d x conjectur$ t ! "n might be t ( ,john ,we?am/$e1 abbot ( ,/4 ,alban's1 :o 0 a great lov] ( books1 & :o di$ 9 #addj4 ,?is conjecture1 h[ev]1 w n hold good1 = ! lett] is c]ta9ly int5d$ = a ,b2 & 9 ! cut ( ! lett] ,b !re is writt5 8,r4 ,be?s410 :i* is 9 all probability int5d$ = an abbreviation ( ! "n1 8,be!m/$10 :i* occurs 9 ano!r "p ( ! book4 ,! ink ) :i* ^! names are writt5 is ne>ly ( ! same col\r z t ( ! cuts4 ,! *>act]s appe> to be ( an e>li] date ?an ^? on ! rev]se ( ! la/ leaf4 ,illu/ration ,! cut at page #aaa1 is t ( ! lett] ,z1 :i* /&s ! wrong way 9 consequ5ce ( its n hav+ be5 drawn rev]s$ ^u ! block4 ,! subject might at fir/ sight be suppos$ to repres5t ! angel /ay+ ,abraham :5 ab\t to sacrifice ,isaac2 b on exam9+ ! cut m closely x w be p]ceiv$ t ! figure :i* might be mi/ak5 = an angel is )\t w+s1 & appe>s to be 9 ! act ( supplicat+ ! old man1 :o ) 8 left h& holds him by ! hair4 ,! opposite cut1 :i* is ! la/ 9 ! book1 is an ornam5tal fl[] design$ ) great fre$om & _s1 & surpass+ ev]y?+ ( ! k9d execut$ on wood 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,i speak n ( ! /yle ( engrav+1 :i*1 ?\gh effective1 is co>se2 b ( ! ta/e display$ 9 ! draw+4 ,! col\r ( ! cuts on pages #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 f ! late ,sir ,george ,beaumont's book1 w give ! read]1 :o has n _h an opportunity ( exam9+ ! orig9als1 "s idea ( ! col\r 9 :i* ! cuts ( ! ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible1 & ! ,speculum1 are pr9t$2 :i* 9 all ( !m is a k9d ( sepia1 9 "s incl9+ m to a yell[1 & 9 o!rs m to a br[n4 ,9 ! volume "u consid]ation we may cle>ly p]ceive t ! art ( wood engrav+ _h made consid]able progress at ! "t ! cuts 7 execut$4 ,al?\gh !re are no attempts at cross-hat*+1 :i* 0 introduc$ ab\t #adhf1 yet ! %ad[s are g5]ally well indicat$1 ei!r by ?ick5+ ! l9e1 or by c\rses ( %ort p>allel l9es1 m>k+ ! folds ( ! drap]y1 or giv+ ! appe>ance ( rotundity to ! figures4 ,! expression ( ! heads displays consid]able tal5t1 & ! wood-engrav] :o at ! pres5t "t c\ld design & execute su* a s]ies ( figures1 w\ld be entitl$ to no small degree ( comm5dation4 ,comp>+ ^? cuts ) su* z are to be se5 9 books typographically execut$ betwe5 #adfa;,,ii-#hg & #adij1 x is surpris+ t ! art ( wood engrav+ %\ld h s mat]ially decl9$ :5 employ$ by pr9t]s = ! illu/ration ( _! books4 ,! be/ ( ! cuts pr9t$ ) lett]-press 9 ! p]iod ref]r$ to are decid$ly inf]ior to ! be/ ( ! e>ly block-books4 ,footnote ,,ii-#hg3 ,! fir/ book ) moveable types & wood-cuts bo? pr9t$ by means ( ! press is ! ,fables pr9t$ at ,bamb]g1 by ,alb]t ,pfi/]1 8,am ,sant ,val5t9us tag10 #adfa4 ,z x w\ld occupy too mu* space1 & w\ld be beyond ! scope ( ! pres5t treatise to ent] into a detail ( ! cont5ts ( all ! block-books notic$ by ,he9ek51 ,i %all give a brief description ( t nam$ 8,ars ,memor&i10 & conclude ! *apt] ) a li/ ( su* o!rs z are *iefly ref]r$ to by bibliograph]s4 ,! 8,,ars ,,memor&i0 is consid]$ by ,s*elhorn,,ii-#hh & by ,dr4 ,dibd9 z "o ( ! e>lie/ block-books1 & 9 _! op9ion ,i concur4 ,he9ek51 h[ev]1--:o /ates t ! /yle is almo/ ! same z 9 ! figures ( ! ,apocalypse1--?9ks t x is ( lat] date ?an ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible & ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg94 ,x is ( a qu>to size1 & consi/s ( fifte5 cuts1 ) ! same numb] ( sep>ate pages ( text also cut on wood1 & pr9t$ on "o side ( ea* leaf only by means ( friction4,,ii-#hi ,at ! foot ( ea* page ( text is a lett] ( ! alphabet1 comm5c+ ) a1 indicat+ ! ord] 9 :i* !y are to foll[ ea* o!r4 ,9 e cut an animal is repres5t$1--an eagle1 an angel1 an ox1 or a lion1--emblematic ( ! ,evangeli/ ^: ,gospel is to be impress$ on ! memory4 ,ea* ( ! animals is repres5t$ /&+ upright1 & m>k$ ) v>i\s signs expressive ( ! cont5ts ( ! diff]5t *apt]s4 ,to ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 ) :i* ! book comm5ces1 ?ree cuts ) z _m pages ( text are allott$4 ,/4 ,mat!w has five cuts1 & five pages ( text4 ,/4 ,m>k ?ree cuts & ?ree pages ( text2 & ,/4 ,luke f\r cuts & f\r pages ( text4,,ii-#ij ,footnote ,,ii-#hh3 8,no/rum v]o libellum1 cujus gratia hc prfati sumus1 intrepide1 si non primum artis inv5t ftum1 c]te int] primos fuisse assev]amus40--,amnitates ,lit]>i1 tom4 i4 p4 #d4 ,footnote ,,ii-#hi3 ,he9ek5 _h se5 two editions ( ?is book1 & he gives fac-similes ( _! titles1 :i* are evid5tly f diff]5t blocks4 ,! title at full l5g? is z foll[s3 8,ars memor&i notabilis p] figuras ,ewangeli/>um hic ex po/ descriptam quam dilig5s lector dilig5t] legat et practiset p] signa localia ut 9 practica exp]itur40--8,en horridum et incomtum dic5di g5us1 ,priscianumque mis]e vapulantem60 exclaims ,s*elhorn4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ij3 ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #cid4 8,x is wor?y ( obs]vation10 says ,j4 ,c4 ,von ,aret91 9 8 ,essay on ! e>lie/ ,results ( ! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+1 8t ?is book1 :i* ! mo/ intellig5t bibliograph]s consid] to be "o ( ! e>lie/ ( its k9d1 %\ld be devot$ to ! improvem5t ( ! memory1 :i*1 ?\gh dive/$ ( mu* ( its =m] importance by ! inv5tion ( writ+1 0 to be r5d]$ ( /ill less consequ5ce by ! introduction ( pr9t+40,,ii-#ia ,footnote ,,ii-#ia3 b] die frhe/5 univ]sal hi/oris*5 ,folg5 d] ,erf9dung d] ,bu*druck]kun/1 von ,j4 ,*ri/4 ,freyh]rn ,von ,aret91 ,s4 #ah4 #dto4 ,muni*1 #ahjh4 ,! fir/ cut is int5d$ to express figuratively ! fir/ six *apt]s ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,! upright eagle is ! emblem ( ! sa9t1 & ! num]als are ! ref]5ces to ! *apt]s4 ,! cont5ts ( ! fir/ *apt] are repres5t$ by ! dove p]*$ on ! eagle's head1 & ! two faces1--"o ( an old1 ! o!r ( a "y man1--probably int5d$ = ^? ( ,moses & ,*ri/4,,ii-#ib ,! lute on ! brea/ ( ! eagle1 ) some?+ l ?ree bells,,ii-#ic susp5d$ f x1 indicate ! cont5ts ( ! second *apt]1 & are suppos$ by ,s*elhorn to ref] to ! m>riage ( ,cana4 ,! num]al #c1 9 ,s*elhorn's op9ion1 relates to 8nonnihil ap]tum et prosectum circa v5trem10 :i* he ?9ks may be int5d$ z a ref]5ce to ! words ( ,nicodemus3 8,nunquid homo s5ex pote/ 9 v5trem matris su it]um introire et r5asci80 ,betwe5 ! feet ( ! eagle is a wat]-bucket surm\nt$ by a sort ( coronet or cr[n1 int5d$ to repres5t ! pr9cipal ev5ts n>rat$ 9 ! #d? *apt]1 :i* are ,*ri/'s talk+ ) ! woman ( ,sam>ia at ! well1 & 8 heal+ ! son ( a nobleman at ,cap]naum4 ,! #e? *apt] is indicat$ by a fi% above ! eagle's "r w+1 :i* is int5d$ to br+ to m9d ! pool ( ,be!sda4 ,! pr9cipal ev5t relat$ 9 ! #f? *apt]1 ,*ri/ fe$+ ! multitude1 is indicat$ by ! two fi%es & five small loaves above ! eagle's left w+4 ,! cross )9 a circle1 above ! fi%es1 is emblematic ( ! consecrat$ waf] 9 ! ,"l's supp]1 z celebrat$ by ! *ur* ( ,rome4,,ii-#id ,footnote ,,ii-#ib3 8,= ! law 0 giv5 by ,moses1 b grace & tru? came by ,jesus ,*ri/40--,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 *ap4 i4 v4 #ag4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ic3 8,=te tam5 ea1 qu t9t9nabulis haud vid5tur dissimilia1 nummul>iorum loculos et pecuni receptacula ref]unt40--,s*elhorn1 ,amnit4 ,lit]4 tom4 i4 p4 #aj4 ,illu/ration ,! above r$uc$ copy ( ! cut w af=d "s idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! memory is to be assi/$ 9 recollect+ ! fir/ six *apt]s ( ,/4 ,john4 ,^? :o wi% to "k m respect+ ?is curi\s book are ref]r$ to ,s*elhorn's ,amnitates ,lit]>i1 tom4 i4 pp4 #a-ag2 ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 pp4 #cid1 #cie2 & to ,dr4 ,dibd9's ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 vol4 i4 p4 #d1 :]e a copy is giv5 ( ! fir/ cut relat+ to ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,footnote ,,ii-#id3 ,! foll[+ are ! cont5ts ( ! fir/ page1 descriptive ( ! cut3 8,evangelium ,johannis habet vig9ti unum capittula4 ,primum4 ,9 pr9cipio erat v]bum de et]nitate v]bi et de tr9itate4 ,secundum capittulum4 ,nupcie facte sunt 9 ,*ana ,galilee et qualit] ,*ri/us subv]tit m5sas nummul>iorum4 ,t]tium capittulum4 ,erat antem homo ex ,ph>iseis ,nycodemus nom9e4 ,qu>tum capittulum4 ,qualit] ,ihesus peciit a muli]e ,sam>itana bib]e circum puteum ,jacob et de regulo4 ,qu9tum capittulum4 ,de probatica pisc9a ubi dixit ,ihesus infirmo ,tolle grabatum tuum vade4 ,sextum capittulum4 ,de refectione ex qu9que panibus duobus piscibus ,et de ewk>i/ia40--,s*elhorn1 ,amnit4 ,lit4 tom4 i4 p4 #i4 ,block-books conta9+ bo? text & figures 7 execut$ long aft] ! introduction ( typography1 or pr9t+ by means ( moveable types2 b ! cuts 9 su* works are decid$ly inf]ior to ^? execut$ at an e>li] p]iod4 ,! book entitl$ 8,die ,kun/ ,cyromantia10,,ii-#ie :i* consi/s *iefly ( text1 is pr9t$ f wood-blocks on bo? sides ( ea* leaf by means ( a press4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! title is ! date #addh2 b ?is is g5]ally consid]$ to ref] to ! p]iod :5 ! book 0 writt51 & n ! "t :5 x 0 engrav$4 ,on ! la/ page is ! "n3 8jorg s*apff zu augspurg40 ,if ?is ,george ,s*apff 0 a wood-engrav] ( ,augsburg1 ! /yle ( ! cuts 9 ! book suffici5tly decl>es t he mu/ h be5 "o ( ! v l[e/ class4 ,m wret*$ cuts 7 nev] *isell$ out by a pr9t]'s appr5tice z a head-piece to a half-p5ny ballad4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ie3 ,?is "w on ,palmi/ry 0 compos$ 9 ,g]man by a ,doctor ,h>tlieb1 z is express$ at ! beg9n+3 8,das na*ges*rib5 bu* von d] h& htt zu teuts* gema*t ,doctor ,h>tlieb40 ,specim5s ( ! fir/ & ! la/ pages1 & ( "o ( ! cuts1 are giv5 9 ,he9ek5's ,ide ,gnrale1 plates #bg & #bh4 ,( ! block-book entitl$ 8,ars ,mori5di10 ,he9ek5 enum]ates no less ?an sev5 editions1 ( :i* "o is pr9t$ on bo? sides ( ! leaves1 & by means ( a press4 ,besides ^! he m5tions ano!r edition1 impress$ on "o side ( ! pap] only1 9 :i* appe> ! foll[+ "n & date3 8,hans epor]1 #adgc1 hat diss pu* pruffmo er40,,ii-#if ,footnote ,,ii-#if3 ,i am ( op9ion t ?is is ! same p]son :o execut$ ! cuts = a ,g]man edition ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible 9 #adge4 ,8 "n does n appe>2 b on a %ield ( arms !re is a spur1 :i* may be int5d$ z a rebus ( ! "n2 9 ! same mann] z ,alb]t ,dur]'s surname appe>s 9 8 coat ( arms1 a pair ( doors1--,dur]1 or1 z 8 fa!r's "n 0 sometimes spell$1 ,?ur]4 ,( ! book nam$ 9 ,g]man 8,d] ,entkri/0--,anti*ri/--pr9t$ f wood-blocks1 ,he9ek5 m5tions two editions4 ,9 t :i* he consid]s ! fir/1 conta9+ ?irty-n9e cuts1 ea* leaf is pr9t$ on "o side only by means ( friction2 9 ! o!r1 :i* conta9s ?irty-eight cuts1 is ! 8brief-mal]'s0 or wood-engrav]'s "n3 8,d] jung hanss priffmal] hat das pu* zu nur5b]g1 #adgb40 ,at ,nuremb]g1 9 ! collection ( a physician ( ! "n ( ,treu1 ,he9ek5 notic$ a small volume 9 qu>to1 consi/+ ( ?irty-two wood-cuts ( ,bible subjects1 und]nea? ea* ( :i* 7 fifte5 v]ses 9 ,g]man1 engrav$ on ! same block4 ,ea* leaf 0 pr9t$ on "o side only1 & ! impressions1 :i* 7 9 pale ink1 _h be5 tak5 by means ( friction4 ,! e>ly wood-engrav]s1 besides books ( cuts1 execut$ o!rs consi/+ ( text only1 ( :i* sev]al portions are pres]v$ 9 public libr>ies 9 ,g]many1,,ii-#ig ,france1 & ,holl&2 & al?\gh x is c]ta9 t block-books cont9u$ to be engrav$ & pr9t$ sev]al ye>s aft] ! inv5tion ( typography1 !re c be little d\bt t editions ( ! grammatical prim] call$ ! 8,donatus10 f ! "n ( its suppos$ compil]1 7 pr9t$ f wood-blocks previ\s to ! e>lie/ essays ( ,gutemb]g to pr9t ) moveable types4 ,x is inde$ ass]t$ t ,gutemb]g himself engrav$1 or caus$ to be engrav$ on wood1 a 8,donatus0 be=e 8 gr& inv5tion 0 p]fect$4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ig3 ,aret9 says t 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,muni* !re are ab\t =ty books & ab\t a hundr$ s+le leaves pr9t$ f engrav$ wood-blocks4--b] die ,folg51 c4 ,s4 #f4 ,9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is are pres]v$ ! two old blocks ( a 8,donatus0 :i* are m5tion$ by ,he9ek5 at page #beg ( 8 ,ide ,gnrale4 ,!y are bo? ( a qu>to =m2 b z ! "o conta9s tw5ty l9es & ! o!r only sixte51 & z !re is a p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! size ( ! lett]s1 x is probable t !y 7 engrav$ = diff]5t editions4,,ii-#ih ,^? blocks 7 pur*as$ 9 ,g]many by a ,monsieur ,faucault1 & aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! h&s ( ?ree o!r book-collectors !y came into ! possession ( ! ,duke de la ,vallire1 at ^: sale !y 7 sold = two hundr$ & ?irty livres4 ,9 ,de ,bure's catalogue ( ! ,la ,vallire libr>y1 impressions are giv5 f ! orig9al blocks4 ,! lett]s 9 bo? ^? blocks1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 size1 are ( ! same proportions & =m2 & ,he9ek5 & ,fis*] consid] t !y be> a great resemblance to ! *>act]s ( ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt]1 pr9t$ ) moveable types 9 #adeg1 al?\gh ! latt] are consid]ably l>g]4 ,footnote ,,ii-#ih3 ,me]man _h an old block ( a ,donatus1 :i* 0 obta9$ f ! collection ( a ,m4 ,hub]t ( ,basle1 & :i* appe>$ to belong to ! same edition z t conta9+ sixte5 l9es 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is4--,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #beh4 ,! art ( wood engrav+1 hav+ advanc$ f a s+le figure ) m]ely a "n cut und]nea? x1 to ! impression ( entire pages ( text1 0 n[ to und]go a *ange4 ,moveable lett]s =m$ ( metal1 & w$g$ toge!r )9 an iron frame1 7 to sup]s$e ! engrav$ page2 & impressions1 in/ead ( be+ tak5 by ! sl[ & t$i\s process ( friction1 7 n[ to be obta9$ by ! spe$y & p[]ful action ( ! press4 ,if ! art ( wood engrav+ suff]$ a tempor>y decl9e = a few ye>s aft] ! g5]al introduction ( typography1 x 0 only to revive aga9 "u ! protect+ influ5ce ( ! ,,press2 by means ( :i* its productions 7 to be multipli$ a hundr$ fold1 &1 in/ead ( be+ conf9$ to a few t[ns1 7 to be dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t e "p ( ,europe4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,inv5tion ,,( ,,typography4 ,! ,discov]y ( ,desro*es4 -- ,! ,/amp+ ( ,lodewyc ,van ,vaelbeke4 -- ,e>ly 8,pr5t]s0 ( ,antw]p & ,bruges ,n ,typograph]s4 -- ,cologne ,*ronicle4 -- ,donatuses ,pr9t$ 9 ,holl&4 -- ,gutemb]g's ,bir? & ,family -- ,progress ( 8 ,inv5tion -- ,8 ,law-,suit ) ! ,drytzehns at ,/rasburg -- ,8 ,return to ,m5tz1 & ,p>tn]%ip ) ,fau/ -- ,p>tn]%ip ,dissolv$4 -- ,possibility ( ,pr9t+ ) ,wood5 ,types ,exam9$4 -- ,suppos$ ,e>ly ,productions ( ,gutemb]g & ,fau/'s ,press4 -- ,pro(s ( ,gutemb]g ,hav+ a ,press ( 8 ,own4 -- ,! ,vocabul>y ,pr9t$ at ,elfeld4 -- ,gutemb]g's ,dea? & ,epitaphs4 -- ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+ ,claim$ = ,lawr5ce ,co/]4 -- ,! ,acc\nt ,giv5 by ,junius -- ,contradict$1 ,alt]$1 & ,am5d$ at ,w by ,me]man1 ,kon+1 & ,o!rs4 -- ,works ,pret5d$ to be ,pr9t$ ) ,co/]'s ,types4 -- ,! ,hor>ium ,discov]$ by ,ens*$ius4 ,be=e proce$+ to trace ! progress ( wood engrav+ 9 connexion ) typography1 x appe>s necess>y to give "s acc\nt ( ! inv5tion ( ! latt] art4 ,9 ! foll[+ brief n>rative ( ,gutemb]g's life1 ,i %all adh]e to positive facts2 & until evid5ce equally good %all be produc$ 9 support ( ano!r's claim to ! inv5tion1 ,i %all consid] him z ! fa!r ( typography4 ,i %all also give ,hadrian ,junius's acc\nt ( ! inv5tion ( wood engrav+1 block-pr9t+1 & typography by ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 ) a few rem>ks on its cr$ibility4 ,"s ( ! conjectures & ass]tions ( ,me]man1 ,kon+1 & o!r advocates ( ,co/]1 w be briefly notic$1 & _! inconsi/5cy po9t$ out4 ,to attempt to refute at l5g? ! gratuit\s assumptions ( ,co/]'s advocates1 & to ent] into a detail ( all _! gr\ndless argum5ts1 w\ld be l prov+ a m$al to be a =g]y by a long diss]tation1 :5 ! mod]n fabricator has pla9ly put 8 "n 9 ! leg5d4 ,! be/ pro( ( ! fallacy ( ,co/]'s claims to ! hon\r ( hav+ discov]$ ! art ( pr9t+ ) moveable types is to be f\nd 9 ! argum5ts ( ^? by :om !y h be5 support$4 ,me]man1 ) all 8 rese>*1 has n be5 able to produce a s+le fact to prove t ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 or ,lawr5ce ,janszoon z he calls him1 ev] pr9t$ a s+le book2 & x is by no means c]ta9 t 8 h]o is ! id5tical ,lawr5ce ,co/] m5tion$ by ,junius4 ,9 ord] to suit 8 own !ory he has que/ion$ ! accuracy ( ! /atem5ts ( ,junius1 & has ?us weak5$ ! v f\ndation ( ,co/]'s claims4 ,! title ( ! cu/os ( ,/4 ,bavon's to ! hon\r ( be+ ! inv5tor ( typography mu/ re/ ^u ! au!nticity ( ! acc\nt giv5 by ,junius2 & h[ f> ?is corresponds ) e/abli%$ facts 9 ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+ & typography ,i leave o!rs to decide = !mselves4 ,among ! _m fanci$ discov]ies ( ! real inv5tor ( ! art ( pr9t+1 t ( ,monsieur ,desro*es1 a memb] ( ! ,imp]ial ,academy ( ,sci5ces & ,belles ,lettres at ,brussels1 seems to require an especial notice4 ,9 a pap] pr9t$ 9 ! transactions ( t society1,,iii-#a he endeav\r$ to prove1 t ! art ( pr9t+ books 0 practis$ 9 ,fl&]s ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 & "o ( ! pr9cipal gr\nds ( 8 op9ion 0 conta9$ 9 an old *ronicle ( ,brabant1 writt51 z is suppos$1 by "o ,ni*olas le ,cl]k1 ,cl]icus1 secret>y to ! city ( ,antw]p4 ,! *ronicl]1 aft] hav+ describ$ sev]al rem>kable ev5ts :i* happ5$ dur+ ! gov]nm5t ( ,john ,,ii4 ,duke ( ,brabant1 :o di$ 9 #acab1 adds ! foll[+ l9es3 ,9 dies] tyt /]f m5s*elyc ,die go$e v$el>e ,lodewyc2 ,die de be/e 0 die voor di5 ,9 de w]elt ye 0 ghesi5 ,van mak5e ende mett] hant2 ,van ,vaelbeke 9 ,brabant ,alsoe 0 hy gh5ant4 ,hy 0 d'er/e die vant ,van ,/ampi5 die mani]5 ,diem5 no* ho]t anti]54 ,footnote ,,iii-#a3 ,n\velles ,re*]*es sur l'orig9e de l',imprim]ie1 dans lesquelles on fait voir que la premire ide e/ due aux ,brabanons4 ,p> ,m4 ,desro*es4 ,lu la sance du #h ,janvi]1 #aggg4--,mmoires de l',academie ,impriale des ,sci5ces et ,belles ,lettres1 tom4 i4 pp4 #ebc-edg4 ,edit #aghj4 ,?is curi\s record1 :i* ,monsieur ,desro*es consid]$ z s pla9 a pro( ( 8die go$e v$el>e ,lodewyc0 be+ ! inv5tor ( pr9t+1 may be translat$ 9 ,engli% z foll[s3 ,?is ye> ! way ( all fle% w5t ,ludwig1 ! fidl] mo/ excell5t2 ,= h&y-"w a man ( "n2 ,f ,vaelbeke 9 ,brabant he came4 ,he 0 ! fir/ :o did f9d out ,! art ( beat+ "t1 no d\bt1 7,display+ ?us 8 meikle skill17 ,& fidl]s all practise x /ill4,,iii-#b ,footnote ,,iii-#b3 ,! foll[+ is ! ,fr5* translation ( ,monsieur ,desro*es3 8,en ces temps m\rut de la mort commune t\s les hommes1 ,l\is cet excell5t faiseur d'in/rum5s de musique1 le meilleur arti/ qu'on eut v jusques-l dans l'univ]s1 en fait d'ouvrages me*aniques4 ,il toit de ,vaelbeke en ,brabant1 et il en porta le nom4 ,il fut le premi] qui inv5ta la manire d'imprim]1 qui e/ pres5tem5t en usage40 ,! reason ( ,monsieur ,desro*es = 8 p]iphrasis ( ! simple ^w 8v$el>e0--fidl]--is z foll[s3 8,j'ai r5du ,v$el>e p> #8faiseur d'in/rum5s de musique4' ,le mot radical e/ v$el1 viol93 p> consequ5t1 ,v$el>e doit signifi] celui qui en j\e1 ou qui en fait4 ,je me suis det]m9 p\r le d]ni] cause des v]s suivans1 o il n'e/ po9t "q de j\] mais de faire4 ,si l'on prfre le premi]1 je ne m'y oppos]ai pas2 ri5 emp*e que ce habile homme n'ait t musici540--,mem4 de l',acad4 de ,brux4 tom4 i4 p4 #ecf4 ,! laughable mi/ake ( ,monsieur ,desro*es 9 suppos+ t fidl] ,ludwig's inv5tion1 ( beat+ "t by /amp+ ) ! foot1 relat$ to ! discov]y ( pr9t+ by means ( ! press1 0 po9t$ out 9 #aggi by ,monsieur ,ghesqui]e 9 a lett] pr9t$ 9 ! ,esprit des ,j\rnaux4,,iii-#c ,9 ?is lett] ,monsieur ,ghesqui]e %[s t ! ,flemi% ^w 8,/ampi510 us$ by ! *ronicl] 9 8 acc\nt ( ! inv5tion ( ! 8good fidl] ,ludwig10 _h n a mean+ simil> to t ( ! ^w 8/ampus0 expla9$ by ,ducange1 b t x prop]ly signifi$ 8met de voet klepp510--to /amp or beat ) ! feet4 ,footnote ,,iii-#c3 ,lettre de ,m4 ,j4 ,ghesqui]e ,m4 l',abb ,turb]ville ,ne$ham1 directeur de l',academie ,impriale et ,royale de ,bruxelles4--,pr9t$ 9 l',esprit des ,j\rnaux = ,june #aggi1 pp4 #bcb-bfj4 ,9 support ( 8 op9ion ( ! antiquity ( pr9t+1 ,monsieur ,desro*es ref]s to a manuscript 9 8 possession1 consi/+ ( lives ( ! sa9ts & a *ronicle writt5 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,at ! end ( ?is manuscript 0 a catalogue ( ! books belong+ to ! mona/]y ( ,wibl+51 ! writ+ ( :i* 0 mu* abbreviat$1 & :i* appe>$ to him to be ( ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,among o!r entries 9 ! catalogue 0 ?is3 87,x47 dicali pvo lbo tmpto bappiro n scrp40 ,on supply+ ! lett]s want+ ,monsieur ,desro*es says t we %all h ! foll[+ words3 8,item4 ,dom9icalia 9 p>vo libro /ampato 9 bappiro papyro1 non scripto20 t is1 8,item4 ,dom9icals a =m ( pray] or portion ( *ur* s]vice 9 a small book pr9t$ or /amp$ on pap]1 n writt540 ,9 ! abbreviat$ ^w tmpto1 he says t ! lett] m c\ld n v well be di/+ui%$2 b ! d\bt :i* might ?us arise he consid]s to be completely resolv$ by ! words 8non scripto10 & by ! foll[+ memor&um :i* occurs1 9 ! same h&-writ+1 at ! foot ( ! page3 8,anno ,di #acdj viguit q ft /p ,datos10-- 8,9 #acdj he fl\ri%$ :o caus$ ,donatuses to be pr9t$40 ,if ! catalogue 7 really ( ! p]iod suppos$ by ,monsieur ,desro*es1 ! prec$+ extracts w\ld c]ta9ly prove t ! art ( pr9t+ or /amp+ books1 ?\gh n f moveable types1 0 practis$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury2 b1 z ! date has n be5 asc]ta9$1 its cont5ts _c be admitt$ z evid5ce on ! po9t 9 dispute4 ,monsieur ,ghesqui]e is incl9$ to ?9k t ! catalogue 0 n writt5 be=e #adgj2 &1 z ! compil] 0 evid5tly an ignorant p]son1 he ?9ks t 9 ! note1 8,anno ,dom9i #acdj viguit qui fecit /amp>e ,donatos10 he might h writt5 #acdj in/ead ( #addj4 ,al?\gh x has be5 ass]t$ t ! wood-cut ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] ) ! date #adbc1 & ! wood-cut ( ! ,annunciation--probably ( ! same p]iod--7 pr9t$ by means ( a press1 yet ,i consid] x exce$+ly d\btful if ! press 7 employ$ to take impressions f wood-blocks be=e ,gutemb]g us$ x 9 8 e>lie/ record$ attempts to pr9t ) moveable types4 ,i believe t 9 e "o ( ! e>ly block-books1 :]e opportunity has be5 af=d$ ( exam9+ ! back ( ea* cut1 unque/ionable evid5ce has be5 discov]$ ( _! hav+ be5 pr9t$1 if ,i may "h use ! t]m1 by means ( friction4 ,al?\gh !re is no m5tion ( a press :i* might be us$ to take impressions be=e ! process betwe5 ,gutemb]g & ! heirs ( "o ( 8 p>tn]s1 9 #adci1 yet 8,pr5t]s0 7 c]ta9ly kn[n 9 ,antw]p be=e 8 inv5tion ( pr9t+ ) moveable types 0 br\ght to p]fection4 ,desro*es 9 8 ,essay on ! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+ gives an extract f an ord] ( ! magi/racy ( ,antw]p1 9 ! ye> #addb1 9 fav\r ( ! fell[%ip or guild ( ,/4 ,luke1 call$ also ! ,company ( ,pa9t]s1 :i* consi/$ ( ,pa9t]s1 ,/atu>ies1 ,/one-cutt]s1 ,glass-mak]s1 ,illum9ators1 & 8,pr5t]s04 ,?is fell[%ip 0 d\btless simil> to t ( ,v5ice1 9 ^: fav\r a decree 0 made by ! magi/racy ( t city 9 #adda1 & ( :i* "s acc\nt has be5 giv51 at page #dc1 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,!re is evid5ce ( a simil> fell[%ip exi/+ at ,bruges 9 #aded2 & ,john ,m5tel91 :o aft]w>ds e/abli%$ himself at ,/rasburg z a typograph] or pr9t] prop]1 0 admitt$ a memb] ( ! ,pa9t]s' ,company ( t city z a 8,*rysographus0 or illum9ator 9 #addg4;,,iii-#d ,footnote ,,iii-#d3 ,li*t5b]g]1 ,initia ,typographica1 ,de ,pr5t]is ante inv5tam ,typographiam1 p4 #adj4--,lamb9et1 ,re*]*es sur l',orig9e de l',imprim]ie1 p4 #aae4 ,:e!r ! 8,pr5t]s0 ( ,antw]p 9 #addb 7 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( ! press1 or n1 is unc]ta92 b !re c be little d\bt ( _! n be+ ,pr9t]s1 z ! ^w is n[ g5]ally und]/ood2 t is1 p]sons :o pr9t$ books ) moveable types4 ,!y 7 mo/ likely block-pr9t]s1 & su* z engrav$ & pr9t$ c>ds & images ( sa9ts2 & x w\ld seem t typograph]s 7 n admitt$ memb]s ( ! society2 = ( all ! e>ly typograph]s ( ,antw]p ! "n ( "o only1 ,ma?ias ,van d] ,goes1 appe>s 9 ! books ( ! fell[%ip ( ,/4 ,luke2 & he p]haps may h be5 admitt$ z a wood-engrav]1 on acc\nt ( ! cuts 9 an h]bal pr9t$ ) 8 types1 )\t date1 b probably betwe5 #adhe & #adij4 ,ghesqui]e1 :o successfully refut$ ! op9ion ( ,desro*es t typography 0 kn[n at ,antw]p 9 #addb1 0 himself induc$ to suppose t x 0 practis$ at ,bruges 9 #adde1 & t pr9t$ books 7 !n nei!r v sc>ce nor v de> 9 t city4,,iii-#e ,9 an old manuscript j\rnal or memor&um book ( ,jean-le-,robrt1 abbot ( ,/4 ,aub]t 9 ! diocese ( ,cambray1 he obs]v$ an entry /at+ t ! said abbot _h pur*as$ at ,bruges1 9 ,janu>y #addf1 a 8,doctr9ale gette en mole0 = ! use ( 8 nephew4 ,! words 8gette en mole0 he conceives to mean1 8pr9t$ 9 type20 & he ?9ks t ! ,doctr9ale m5tion$ 0 ! "w :i* 0 subsequ5tly pr9t$ at ,g5eva1 9 #adgh1 "u ! title ( ,le ,doctr9al de ,sapi5ce1 & at ,we/m9/] by ,caxton1 9 #adhi1 "u ! title ( ,! ,doctr9al ( ,sapy5ce4 ,! ,abb ,m]ci] de ,/4 ,leg]1 :o wrote a reply to ! obs]vations ( ,ghesqui]e1 ) great] probability supposes t ! book 0 pr9t$ f engrav$ wood-blocks1 & t x 0 ! 8,doctr9ale ,alex&ri ,galli10 a %ort grammatical treatise 9 monki% rhyme1 :i* at t p]iod 0 almo/ z popul> z ! 8,donatus10 & ( :i* odd leaves1 pr9t$ on bo? sides1 are /ill to be se5 9 libr>ies :i* are ri* 9 e>ly specim5s ( pr9t+4 ,footnote ,,iii-#e3 ,reflexions sur deux pices relatives l',hi/4 de l',imprim]ie4 ,nivelles1 #aghj4--,lamb9et1 ,re*]*es1 p4 #cid4 ,al?\gh !re is e reason to believe t ! e>ly ,pr9t]s ( ,antw]p & ,bruges 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! use ( moveable types1 yet ! m5tion ( su* p]sons at s e>ly a p]iod1 & ! notice ( ! mak]s 8( c>ds & pr9t$ figures0 at ,v5ice 9 #adda1 suffici5tly decl>e t1 ?\gh wood engrav+ might be fir/ e/abli%$ z a pr(ession 9 ,suabia1 x 0 kn[n1 & practis$ to a consid]able ext5t1 9 o!r c\ntries previ\s to #adej4 ,! ,cologne ,*ronicle1 :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 #adii1 has be5 mo/ unfairly quot$ by ! advocates ( ,co/] 9 support ( _! ass]tions2 & ! passage :i* appe>$ mo/ to fav\r _! argum5t !y h ascrib$ to ,ulric ,zell1 ! fir/ p]son :o e/abli%$ a press at ,cologne4 ,a %rewd ,g]man1,,iii-#f h[ev]1 has mo/ cle>ly %[n1 f ! same *ronicle1 t ! actual te/imony ( ,ulric ,zell is directly 9 opposition to ! claims advanc$ by ! advocates ( ,co/]4 ,! passage on :i* !y rely is to ! foll[+ effect3 8,item3 al?\gh ! art ( pr9t+ z x is n[ commonly practis$1 0 discov]$ at ,m5tz1 yet ! fir/ conception ( x 0 discov]$ 9 ,holl& f ! ,donatuses1 :i* be=e t "t 7 pr9t$ !re40 ,?is we are giv5 to und]/& by ,me]man & ,kon+ is ! /atem5t ( ,ulric ,zell4 ,a little fur!r on1 h[ev]1 ! ,*ronicl]1 :o 9 ! above passage appe>s to h be5 speak+ 9 8 own p]son f popul> report1 ?us proce$s3 8,b ! fir/ inv5tor ( pr9t+ 0 a citiz5 ( ,m5tz1 ?\gh born at ,/rasburg1,,iii-#g nam$ ,john ,gutemb]g3 ,item3 f ,m5tz ! above-nam$ art fir/ came to ,cologne1 aft]w>ds to ,/rasburg1 & !n to ,v5ice4 ,?is acc\nt ( ! comm5cem5t & progress ( ! said art 0 communicat$ to me by ^w ( m\? by t wor?y p]son ,ma/] ,ulric ,zell ( ,hanau1 at ! pres5t "t #adii a pr9t] 9 ,cologne1 ?r\gh :om ! said art 0 br\ght to ,cologne40 ,at ?is po9t ! advocates ( ,co/] /op1 z ! v next s5t5ce deprives !m ( any advantage :i* !y might hope to ga9 f ! 8imp>tial te/imony ( ! ,cologne ,*ronicle10 ! compil] ( :i* proce$s z foll[s3 8,item3 !re are c]ta9 fanciful p :o say t books 7 pr9t$ be=e2 b ?is is n true2 = 9 no c\ntry are books to be f\nd pr9t$ be=e t "t40,,iii-#h ,footnote ,,iii-#f3 ,fri$ri* ,lehne1 ,e9ige ,bem]kung5 b] das ,unt]nehm5 d] gelehrt5 ,gesells*aft zu ,h>lem1 ihr] ,/adt die ,ehre d] ,erf9dung d] ,bu*druck]kun/ zu ertrotz51 ,s4 #bd-bf4 ,zweite ,ausgabe1 ,ma9z4 #ahbe4 ,footnote ,,iii-#g3 ,?is is a mi/ake into :i* ! compil] ( ! *ronicle pr9t$ at ,rome1 #adgd1 by ,philippus de ,lignam9e1 has also fall54 ,gutemb]g 0 n a native ( ,/rasburg1 b ( ,m5tz4 ,footnote ,,iii-#h3 ,mall9krot appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ :o gave a translation ( ! entire passage 9 ! ,cologne ,*ronicle :i* relates to ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,8 v]sion ( ! la/ s5t5ce is z foll[s3 8,rep]iuntur ,scioli aliquot qui dicant1 dudum ante hc tempora typorum ope libros excusos esse1 qui tam5 et se et alios decipiunt2 nullibi enim t]r>um libri eo tempore impressi rep]iuntur40--,de ,ortu et ,progressu ,artis ,typographic1 p4 #ch4 ,colon4 ,agripp91 #afdj4 ,t 8,donatuses0 & o!r small elem5t>y books = ! use ( s*ools 7 pr9t$ f wood-blocks previ\s to ! inv5tion ( typography !re c be little d\bt2 & x is by no means unlikely t !y might be fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,holl& or 9 ,fl&]s4 ,at any rate an op9ion seems to h be5 preval5t at an e>ly p]iod t ! idea ( pr9t+ ) moveable types 0 fir/ d]iv$ f a 8,donatus10,,iii-#i pr9t$ f wood-blocks4 ,9 ! petition ( ,conrad ,swe9heim & ,arnold ,pann>tz1 two ,g]mans1 :o fir/ e/abli%$ a press at ,rome1 address$ to ,pope ,sixtus ,,iv4 9 #adgb1 /at+ ! exp5se :i* !y _h incurr$ 9 pr9t+ books1 & pray+ = assi/ance1 !y m5tion among/ o!r works pr9t$ by !m1 8,,donati pro pu]ulis1 unde ,,imprim5di ,,initium sumpsimus20 t is3 8,donatuses = boys1 :5ce we h tak5 ! beg9n+ ( pr9t+40 ,if ?is passage is to be und]/ood z ref]r+ to ! orig9 ( typography1 & n to ! fir/ pro(s ( _! own press1 x is ! e>lie/ & ! be/ evid5ce on ! po9t :i* has be5 adduc$2 = x is v likely t bo? ^! pr9t]s _h acquir$ a k ( _! art at ,m5tz 9 ! v (fice :]e x 0 fir/ br\ght to p]fection4 ,footnote ,,iii-#i3 ,angelus ,rocca m5tions hav+ se5 a 8,donatus0 on p>*m5t1 at ! comm5cem5t ( :i* 0 writt5 9 ! h& ( ,m>iangelus ,accursius1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #aecj3 8,impressus e/ autem hic ,donatus et ,confessionalia primm omnium anno ,,mccccl4 ,admonitus c]t fuit ex ,donato ,holl&i1 prius impresso 9 tabula incisa40--,biblio!ca ,vaticana comm5t>io illu/rata1 #aeia1 cit$ by ,prosp] ,m>*& 9 8 ,hi/4 de l',imprim]ie1 #bnde ,p>tie1 p4 #ce4 ,x is likely t ,accursius d]iv$ 8 in=mation ab\t a ,donatus be+ pr9t$ 9 ,holl& f ! ,cologne ,*ronicle4 ,ab\t ! ye> #adjj1 ,h5ne1 or ,john ,gnsfleis* de ,sulgelo*1 call$ also ,john ,gutemb]g zum ,jung51 appe>s to h be5 born at ,m5tz4 ,he _h two bro!rs2 ,conrad :o di$ 9 #adbd1 & ,friele :o 0 liv+ 9 #adei4 ,he _h also two si/]s1 ,b]?a & ,hebele1 :o 7 bo? nuns ( ,/4 ,claire at ,m5tz4 ,gutemb]g _h an uncle by 8 fa!r's side1 nam$ ,friele1 :o _h ?ree sons1 nam$ ,john1 ,friele1 & ,p$]man1 :o 7 all liv+ 9 #adei4 ,gutemb]g 0 desc5d$ ( an hon\rable family1 & he himself is said to h be5 by bir? a knight4,,iii-#aj ,x w\ld appe> t ! family _h be5 possess$ ( consid]able prop]ty4 ,!y _h "o h\se 9 ,m5tz call$ zum ,gnsfleis*1 & ano!r call$ zum ,gud5b]g1 or ,gut5b]g1 :i* ,wimphel+ translates1 8,domum boni montis40 ,! local "n ( ,sulgelo*1 or ,sorg5lo*1 0 d]iv$ f ! "n ( a village :]e ! family ( ,gnsfleis* _h resid$ previ\s to _! remov+ to ,m5tz4 ,x seems probable t ! h\se zum ,jung5 at ,m5tz came into ! ,gutemb]gs' possession by inh]itance4 ,x 0 9 ?is h\se1 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,tri!mius1 t ! pr9t+ bus9ess 0 c>ri$ on dur+ 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,fau/4,,iii-#aa ,footnote ,,iii-#aj3 ,s*w>tz obs]ves t 9 ! in/rum5t drawn up by ! not>y ,ulric ,helmasp]g]1 ,gutemb]g is /yl$ 8,junck]10 an hon\rable addition :i* 0 at t p]iod expressive ( nobility4--,prim>ia qudam ,docum5ta de ,orig9e ,typographi1 p4 #bj1 #dto4 ,altorfii1 #agdj4 ,footnote ,,iii-#aa3 8,morabatur autem prdictus ,joannes ,gut5b]g ,mogunti 9 domo zum ,jung51 qu domus usque 9 prs5tem diem #aeac illius nov ,artis nom9e noscitur insignita40--,tri!mii ,*ronicum ,spanhemi5se1 ad annum #adej4 ,:5 ,gutemb]g call$ himself d] ,junge1 or junior1 x 0 d\btless to di/+ui% himself f ,gnsfleis* d] ,elt]1 or s5ior1 a "n :i* frequ5tly occurs 9 ! docum5ts pr9t$ by ,koehl]4 ,me]man has fix$ ^u ! latt] "n = ! purpose ( giv+ to ,gutemb]g a bro!r ( ! same *ri/ian "n1 & ( mak+ him ! ?ief :o /ole ,co/]'s types4 ,he also avails himself ( an error committ$ by ,wimphel+ & o!rs1 :o _h suppos$ ,john ,gutemb]g & ,john ,gnsfleis* to be two diff]5t p]sons4 ,9 two de$s ( sale1 h[ev]1 ( ! date #adda & #addb1 ent]$ 9 ! ,salic book ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,?omas at ,/rasburg1 he is ?us expressly nam$3 8,joannes dictus ,g5sfleis* alias nuncupatus ,gut5b]g de ,moguncia1 ,arg5t9 commorans20 t is1 8,john ,gnsfleis*1 o!rwise nam$ ,gutemb]g1 ( ,m5tz1 resid+ at ,/rasburg40,,iii-#ab ,an?ony ,wood1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 calls him ,tossanus2 & ,*evilli]1 9 8 ,orig9e de l',imprim]ie de ,p>is1 ,t\ssa9ts4 ,seiz,,iii-#ac is )9 an ace ( mak+ him a knight ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece4 ,t he 0 a man ( prop]ty is prov$ by v>i\s docum5ts2 & ^? writ]s :o h describ$ him z a p]son ( mean orig91 or z s poor z to be oblig$ to lab\r z a common workman1 are c]ta9ly wrong4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ab3 ,9 ! release :i* he grants to ! t[n-cl]k ( ,m5tz1 9 #adcd1 he describes himself z1 8,johann ,g5sefleis* d] ,junge1 g5ant ,gutemb]g40 ,footnote ,,iii-#ac3 ,9 8,het d]de ,jubelja] d] uitgevond5e ,boekdrukkon/ door ,laur5s ,jansz ,ko/]10 p4 #ga4 ,h>lem1 #agdj4--,ob]l91 ,essai d',annales4 ,f a lett] writt5 by ,gutemb]g 9 #adbd to 8 si/] ,b]?a x appe>s t he 0 !n resid+ at ,/rasburg2 & x is also c]ta9 t 9 #adcj he 0 n liv+ at ,m5tz2 = 9 an act ( accommodation betwe5 ! nobility & burgh]s ( t city1 pass$ 9 t ye> ) ! au?ority ( ! ar*bi%op ,conrad ,,iii41 ,gutemb]g is m5tion$ among ! nobles 8die ytzund nit inl5dig s9t0--8:o are n at pres5t 9 ! c\ntry40 ,9 #adcd !re is positive evid5ce ( 8 resid+ at ,/rasburg2 = 9 t ye> he caus$ ! t[n-cl]k ( ,m5tz to be arre/$ = a sum ( ?ree hundr$ flor9s due to him f ! latt] city1 & he agre$ to 8 release at ! in/ance ( ! magi/rates ( ,/rasburg )9 ^: jurisdiction ! arre/ took place4,,iii-#ad ,9 #adcf he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,&rew ,drytzehn & o!rs2 & !re is e reason to believe t at ?is p]iod he 0 engag$ 9 mak+ exp]im5ts on ! practicability ( pr9t+ ) moveable types1 & t ! *ief object ( 8 engag+ ) ^? p]sons 0 to obta9 funds to enable him to p]fect 8 inv5tion4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ad3 ,! release is giv5 9 ,s*pfl9's ,v9dici ,typographic1 ,docum5tum ,i4 ,f #adcf to #addd ! "n ( ,gutemb]g appe>s among ! 8,con/afl]s0 or civic nobility ( ,/rasburg4 ,9 #adcg he 0 summon$ be=e ! ecclesia/ical judge ( t city at ! suit ( ,anne ( ,iron-,door1,,iii-#ae = brea* ( promise ( m>riage4 ,x w\ld seem t he aft]w>ds fulfill$ 8 promise1 = 9 a tax-book ( ! city ( ,/rasburg1 ,anne ,gutemb]g is m5tion$1 aft] ,gutemb]g _h return$ to ,m5tz1 z pay+ ! toll levi$ on w9e4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ae3 8,ennel9 zu d] ,is]9 ,?ure40 ,%e 0 !n liv+ at ,/rasburg1 & 0 ( an hon\rable family1 orig9ally ( ,alsace4--,s*pfl94 ,v9d4 ,typ4 p4 #ag4 ,&rew ,drytzehn1 "o ( ,gutemb]g's p>tn]s1 hav+ di$ 9 #adch1 8 bro!rs ,george & ,ni*olas in/itut$ a process aga9/ ,gutemb]g to compel him ei!r to refund ! money advanc$ by _! bro!r1 or to admit !m to take 8 place 9 ! p>tn]%ip4 ,f ! depositions ( ! witnesses 9 ?is cause1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! decision ( ! judges1 are giv5 at l5g? by ,s*pfl91 !re c be little d\bt t "o ( ! inv5tions :i* ,gutemb]g agre$ to communicate to 8 p>tn]s 0 an improvem5t 9 ! art ( pr9t+1 su* z x 0 at t p]iod4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! p>tn]%ip ( ,gutemb]g ) ,&rew ,drytzehn & o!rs are d]iv$ f ! recital ( ! case conta9$ 9 ! decision ( ! judges4 ,"s ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 ,&rew ,drytzehn express$ a desire to le>n "o ( ,gutemb]g's arts1 = he appe>s to h be5 fond ( try+ new exp]im5ts1 & ! latt] acc$+ to 8 reque/ taught him a me?od ( poli%+ /ones1 by :i* he ga9$ consid]able pr(it4 ,"s "t aft]w>ds1 ,gutemb]g1 9 company ) a p]son nam$ ,john ,riff1 began to ex]cise a c]ta9 art ^: productions 7 9 dem& at ! fair ( ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,&rew ,drytzehn1 he>+ ( ?is1 begg$ t ! new art might be expla9$ to him1 promis+ at ! same "t to give :atev] premium %\ld be requir$4 ,an?ony ,heilman also made a simil> reque/ = 8 bro!r ,&rew ,heilman4,,iii-#af ,to bo? ^! applications ,gutemb]g ass5t$1 agree+ to tea* !m ! art2 x be+ /ipulat$ t ! two new p>tn]s 7 to receive a f\r? "p ( ! pr(its betwe5 !m2 t ,riff 0 to h ano!r f\r?2 & t ! rema9+ half %\ld be receiv$ by ! inv5tor4 ,x 0 also agre$ t ,gutemb]g %\ld receive f ea* ( ! new p>tn]s ! sum ( eighty flor9s ( gold payable by a c]ta9 day1 z a premium = communicat+ to !m 8 art4 ,! great fair ( ,aix-la-,*apelle be+ def]r$ to ano!r ye>1 ,gutemb]g's two new p>tn]s reque/$ t he w\ld communicate to !m )\t res]ve all 8 wond]ful & r>e inv5tions2 to :i* he ass5t$ on condition t to ! =m] sum ( "o hundr$ & sixty flor9s !y %\ld jo9tly advance two hundr$ & fifty m1 ( :i* "o hundr$ 7 to be paid imm$iately1 & ! !n rema9+ sev5ty-five flor9s due by ea* 7 to be paid at ?ree in/alm5ts4 ,( ! hundr$ flor9s /ipulat$ to be paid 9 ready money1 ,&rew ,heilman paid fifty1 accord+ to 8 engagem5t1 :ile ,&rew ,drytzehn only paid =ty1 leav+ t5 due4 ,! t]m ( ! p>tn]%ip = c>ry+ on ! 8wond]ful art0 0 fix$ at five ye>s2 & x 0 also agre$ t if any ( ! p>tn]s %\ld die )9 t p]iod1 8 int]e/ 9 ! ut5sils & /ock %\ld become ve/$ 9 ! surviv+ p>tn]s1 :o at ! completion ( ! t]m 7 to pay to ! heirs ( ! deceas$ ! sum ( "o hundr$ flor9s4 ,&rew ,drytzehn hav+ di$ )9 ! p]iod1 & :5 !re rema9$ a sum ( eighty-five flor9s unpaid by him1 ,gutemb]g met ! claim ( 8 bro!rs by ref]r+ to ! articles ( p>tn]%ip1 & insi/$ t f ! sum ( "o hundr$ flor9s :i* ! surviv+ p>tn]s 7 b\nd to pay1 ! eighty-five rema9+ unpaid by ! deceas$ %\ld be d$uct$4 ,! balance ( fifte5 flor9s ?us rema9+ due f ! p>tn]%ip he express$ 8 will+ness to pay1 al?\gh accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! agreem5t x 0 n payable until ! five ye>s 7 expir$1 & w\ld ?us n be /rictly due = "s ye>s to come4 ,! claim ( ,george ,drytzehn to be admitt$ a p>tn]1 z ! heir ( 8 bro!r1 he oppos$1 on ! gr\nd ( 8 be+ unacqua9t$ ) ! obligations ( ! p>tn]%ip2 & he also d5i$ t ,&rew ,drytzehn _h ev] become security = ! paym5t ( any sum = lead or o!r ?+s pur*as$ on acc\nt ( ! bus9ess1 except to ,fridel9 von ,seck+51 & t ?is sum 7:i* 0 ow+ = lead7 ,gutemb]g himself paid4 ,! judges hav+ he>d ! allegations ( bo? p>ties1 & hav+ exam9$ ! agreem5t betwe5 ,gutemb]g & ,&rew ,drytzehn1 decid$ t ! eighty-five flor9s :i* rema9$ unpaid by ! latt] %\ld be d$uct$ f ! hundr$ :i* 7 to be repaid 9 ! ev5t ( any "o ( ! p>tn]s dy+2 & t ,gutemb]g %\ld pay ! balance ( fifte5 flor9s to ,george & ,ni*olas ,drytzehn1 & t :5 ?is sum %\ld be paid !y %\ld h no fur!r claim on ! p>tn]%ip4,,iii-#ag ,footnote ,,iii-#af3 ,:5 ,&rew ,heilman 0 propos$ z a p>tn]1 ,gutemb]g obs]v$ t 8 fri5ds w\ld p]haps treat ! bus9ess into :i* he 0 ab\t to emb>k z m]e juggl]y gckel w]ck1 & object to 8 hav+ any?+ to d ) x4--,s*pfl91 ,v9d4 ,typ4 ,docum5t4 p4 #aj4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ag3 ,?is decision is dat$ 8,on ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,lucia & ,/4 ,otilia1 #ab? ,decemb]1 #adci40 ,f ! depositions ( "s ( ! witnesses 9 ?is process1 !re c sc>cely be a d\bt t ! 8wond]ful art0 :i* ,gutemb]g 0 attempt+ to p]fect 0 typography or pr9t+ ) moveable types4 ,f\rni],,iii-#ah ?9ks t ,gutemb]g's attempts at pr9t+1 z may be ga!r$ f ! evid5ce 9 ?is cause1 7 conf9$ to pr9t+ f wood-blocks2 b su* expressions ( ! witnesses z appe> to relate to pr9t+ d n fav\r ?is op9ion4 ,z ,gutemb]g liv$ ne> ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,arboga/1 :i* 0 )\t ! walls ( ! city1 x appe>s t ! attempts to p]fect 8 inv5tion 7 c>ri$ on 9 ! h\se ( 8 p>tn] ,&rew ,drytzehn4 ,^u ! dea? ( ! latt]1 ,gutemb]g appe>s to h be5 p>ticul>ly anxi\s t 8f\r pieces0 :i* 7 9 a 8press0 %\ld be 8di/ribut$10--mak+ use ( ! v ^w :i* is yet us$ 9 ,g]many to express ! di/ribution or sep>ation ( a =m ( types---s t no p]son %\ld "k :at !y 74 ,footnote ,,iii-#ah3 ,trait de l'orig9e et des productions de l',imprim]ie primitive en taille de bois1 ,p>is1 #ageh2 et ,rem>ques sur un ,ouvrage1 c4 p\r s]vir de suite au ,trait1 ,p>is1 #agfb4 ,hans ,s*ul!is1 a deal] 9 wood1 & ,ann 8 wife1 depose to ! foll[+ effect3 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,&rew ,drytzehn1 ,gutemb]g's s]vant1 ,lawr5ce ,beildeck1 came to _! h\se1 & ?us address$ _! relation ,ni*olas ,drytzehn3 8,y\r deceas$ bro!r ,&rew _h f\r 8pieces0 plac$ "u a press1 & ,john ,gutemb]g reque/s t y w take !m out & lay !m sep>ately or ap>t f ea* o!r ^u ! press s t no "o may see :at x is40,,iii-#ai ,footnote ,,iii-#ai3 8,&res ,dritzehn uw] brud] selige hat iiij /cke und5an inn e9] press5 lig51 da hat u* ,hanns ,gutemb]g gebett5 das ir die d>usz nem5t nd uff die presse leg5t von e9&] s kan man nit geseh5 0 das i/40--,s*pfl91 ,v9d4 ,typ4 ,docum5t4 p4 #f4 ,conrad ,saspa* /ates t "o day ,&rew ,heilman1 a p>tn] ( ,gutemb]g's1 came to him 9 ! ,m]*ants' ,walk & said to him1 8,conrad1 z ,&rew ,drytzehn is dead1 & z y made ! press & "k all ab\t x1 g & take ! pieces,,iii-#bj out ( ! press & sep>ate z]lege !m s t no p]son may "k :at !y are40 ,?is witness int5d$ to d z he 0 reque/$1 b on mak+ inquiry ! day aft] ,/4 ,/eph5's ,day,,iii-#ba he f\nd t ! "w 0 remov$4 ,footnote ,,iii-#bj3 8,nym die /cke usz d] press5 und z]lege s von e9&] s weis nyem& 0 es i/30 lit]ally3 8,take ! pieces out ( ! press & di/ribute or sep>ate !m1 s t no man may "k :at x is40--,s*pfl91 ,v9d4 ,typ4 ,docum5t4 p4 #f4 8,! ^w z]leg510 says ,li*t5b]g]1 ,initia ,typograph4 p4 #aa1 8is us$ at ! pres5t day by pr9t]s to d5ote ! di/ribution ( ! types :i* ! compositor has set up40 ,! orig9al ^w 8/cke0--pieces--is always translat$ 8pag90--pages--by ,s*elhorn4 ,dr4 ,dibd9 calls !m 8=ms kept toge!r by two screws or press-sp9dles40--,life ( ,caxton1 9 8 edition ( ,ames's & ,h]b]t's ,typ4 ,antiq4 p4 lxxxvii4 note4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ba3 ,/4 ,/eph5's ,day is on #bf? ,decemb]4 ,&rew ,drytzehn1 be+ v ill1 confess$ himself to ,pet] ,eckh>t on ,*ri/mas-day1 #adch1 & x w\ld seem t he di$ on ! #bg?4 ,lawr5ce ,beildeck1 ,gutemb]g's s]vant1 deposes t aft] ,&rew ,drytzehn's dea? he 0 s5t by 8 ma/] to ,ni*olas ,drytzehn to tell him n to %[ ! press :i* he _h 9 8 h\se to any p]son4 ,beildeck also adds t he 0 desir$ by ,gutemb]g to g to ! presses1 & to op5 or undo ! press :i* 0 fa/5$ ) two screws1 s t ! 8pieces0 :i* 7 9 x %\ld fall asund]4 ,! said 8pieces0 he 0 !n to place 9 or ^u ! press1 s t no p]son might see or und]/& !m4 ,an?ony ,heilman1 ! bro!r ( "o ( ,gutemb]g's p>tn]s1 /ates t he knew ( ,gutemb]g hav+ s5t 8 s]vant %ortly be=e ,*ri/mas bo? to ,&rew ,heilman & ,&rew ,drytzehn to br+ away all ! 8=ms0 =m5 t !y might be sep>at$ 9 8 pres5ce1 z he f\nd sev]al ?+s 9 !m ( :i* he disapprov$4,,iii-#bb ,! same witness also /ates t he 0 well aw>e ( _m p be+ wi%ful to see ! press1 & t ,gutemb]g _h desir$ t !y %\ld s5d "s p]son to prev5t its be+ se54 ,footnote ,,iii-#bb3 8,dirre gezuge hat ou* geseit das er wol wisse das ,gut5b]g unlange vor ,wihnaht5 s95 kneht sante zu d5 b$5 ,&res51 alle =m5 zu hol51 und wrd5t zur loss5 das er ess sehe1 un jn jo* ettli*e =m5 ruwete40--,s*pfl91 ,v9d4 ,typ4 ,docum5t4 p4 #ab4 ,! sep>ate lett]s1 :i* are n[ call$ 8types10 7 frequ5tly call$ 8=m0 by ! e>ly pr9t]s & writ]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!y are ?us nam$ by ,joh4 & ,v9del9 de ,spire 9 #adfi2 by ,franciscus ,philelphus 9 #adgj2 by ,ludovicus ,c>bo 9 #adga2 & by ,phil4 de ,lignam9e 9 #adgd4--,li*t5b]g]1 ,init4 ,typ4 p4 #aa4 ,hans ,dnne1 a goldsmi?1 depos$ t ab\t ?ree ye>s be=e1 he _h done "w = ,gutemb]g on acc\nt ( pr9t+ alone to ! am\nt ( a hundr$ flor9s4,,iii-#bc ,footnote ,,iii-#bc3 8,hanns ,dnne d] goltsmyt hat gesait1 das er vor dry5 j>5 od] daby ,gutemb]g by d5 hund]t guld9 v]di5et habe1 alle9e das zu dem truck5 gehret0--,s*pfl91 ,v9d4 ,typ4 ,docum5t4 p4 #ac4 ,z ,gutemb]g evid5tly _h kept 8 art z secret z possible1 x is n surpris+ t ! notice ( x by ! prec$+ witnesses %\ld n be m explicit4 ,?\gh x may be a matt] ( d\bt :e!r 8 inv5tion 0 m]ely an improvem5t on block-pr9t+1 or an attempt to pr9t ) moveable types1 yet1 be>+ 9 m9d t express m5tion is made ( a press & ( pr9t+1 & tak+ into consid]ation 8 subsequ5t p>tn]%ip ) ,fau/1 x is morally c]ta9 t ,gutemb]g's att5tion _h be5 occupi$ ) "s new discov]y relative to pr9t+ at lea/ ?ree ye>s previ\s to ,decemb] #adci4 ,if ,gutemb]g's attempts :5 9 p>tn]%ip ) ,&rew ,drytzehn & o!rs did n ext5d beyond block-pr9t+1 & if ! f\r 8pieces0 :i* 7 9 ! press are assum$ to h be5 f\r engrav$ blocks1 x is evid5t t ! m]e unscrew+ !m f ! 8*ase0 or frame 9 :i* !y might be enclos$1 w\ld n 9 ! lea/ prev5t p]sons f kn[+ :at !y 72 & x is difficult to conceive h[ ! undo+ ( ! two screws w\ld cause 8! pieces0 to fall asund]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we suppose ! f\r 8pieces0 to h be5 s _m pages ( moveable types screw$ toge!r 9 a frame1 x is easy to conceive ! effect ( undo+ ! two screws :i* held x toge!r4 ,on ?is hypo!sis1 ,gutemb]g's in/ructions to 8 s]vant1 & ,an?ony ,heilman's reque/ to ,conrad ,saspa*1 ! mak] ( ! press1 t he w\ld take out ! 8pieces0 & di/ribute !m1 are at once intelligible4 ,if ,gutemb]g's attempts 7 conf9$ to block-pr9t+1 he c\ld c]ta9ly h no claim to ! discov]y ( a new art1 unless inde$ we are to suppose t 8 inv5tion consi/$ 9 ! introduction ( ! press = ! purpose ( tak+ impressions2 b x is app>5t t 8 anxiety 0 n s mu* to prev5t p see+ ! press z to keep !m ignorant ( ! purpose = :i* x 0 employ$1 & to conceal :at 0 9 x4 ,! evid5ce ( ,hans ,dnne ! goldsmi?1 ?\gh v brief1 is 9 fav\r ( ! op9ion t ,gutemb]g's essays 9 pr9t+ 7 made ) moveable types ( metal2 & x also is corroborat$ by ! fact ( lead be+ "o ( ! articles pur*as$ on acc\nt ( ! p>tn]%ip4 ,x is c]ta9 t goldsmi?s 7 accu/om$ to engrave lett]s & figures ^u silv] & o!r metals long be=e ! art ( copp]-plate pr9t+ 0 introduc$2 & ,f\rni] n att5d+ to ! di/9ction betwe5 simple engrav+ on metal & engrav+ on a plate = ! purpose ( tak+ impressions on pap]1 has made a futile objection to ! argum5t ( ,br1,,iii-#bd :o v naturally supposes t ! hundr$ flor9s :i* ,hans ,dnne receiv$ f ,gutemb]g = "w done on acc\nt ( pr9t+ alone1 might be on acc\nt ( 8 hav+ cut ! types1 ! =mation ( :i* by means ( pun*es & matrices 0 a subsequ5t improvem5t ( ,pet] ,s*eff]4 ,x is inde$ difficult to conceive 9 :at mann] a goldsmi? c\ld e>n a hundr$ flor9s = "w done on acc\nt ( pr9t+1 except 9 8 capacity z an engrav]2 & z ,i c see no reason to suppose t ,hans ,dnne 0 an engrav] on wood1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he 0 employ$ by ,gutemb]g to cut ! lett]s on sep>ate pieces ( metal4 ,footnote ,,iii-#bd3 ,! words ( ,br1 :o 0 almon] ( ! ,sw$i% *apel at ,p>is 9 #agfa1 are ^!3 8,t\t le monde sait que dans ce temps les orfvres ex]oi5t aussi l'art de la gravre2 et n\s concluons de-l que ,guttemb]g a comm5c p> des c>actres de bois1 que de-l il a pass aux c>actres de plomb40 ,on ?is passage ,f\rni] makes ! foll[+ obs]vations3 8,t\t le monde sait au contraire que dans ce temps il n'y avoit pas un seul graveur dans le g5re dont v\s p>lez1 et cela p> une raison bi5 simple3 c'e/ que cet art de la gravre n'a t inv5t que v+t-trois ans aprs ce que v\s citez1 c'e/--dire en #adfj1 p> ,masso ,p9igu]a40--,rem>ques1 c4 p4 #bj4 ,br m5tion$ no p>ticul> k9d ( engrav+2 & ! "n ( ! ,italian goldsmi? :o is suppos$ to h be5 ! fir/ :o discov]$ ! art ( tak+ impressions f a plate on pap]1 0 ,f9igu]ra1 n ,p9igu]a1 z ,f\rni]1 ) 8 usual inaccuracy1 spells x4 ,!re is no evid5ce to %[ t ,gutemb]g succe$$ 9 pr9t+ any books at ,/rasburg ) moveable types3 & ! mo/ likely conclusion seems to be t he did n4 ,z ! process betwe5 him & ! ,drytzehns mu/ h giv5 a c]ta9 degree ( publicity to 8 inv5tion1 x might be expect$ t "s notice w\ld h be5 tak5 ( its fir/-fruits _h he succe$$ 9 mak+ x available 9 ,/rasburg4 ,on ! contr>y1 all ! e>ly writ]s 9 ! lea/ entitl$ to cr$it1 :o h spok5 ( ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ ) moveable types1 agree 9 ascrib+ ! hon\r to ,m5tz1 aft] ,gutemb]g _h return$ to t city & ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,fau/4 ,two writ]s1 h[ev]1 ^: le>n+ & rese>* are entitl$ to ! highe/ respect1 are ( a diff]5t op9ion4 8,x has be5 d\bt$10 says ,pr(essor ,ob]l91 8t ,gutemb]g ev] pr9t$ books at ,/rasburg4 ,x is1 nev]!less1 probable t he did2 = he _h a press !re 9 #adci1 & cont9u$ to reside 9 t city = five ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,he might pr9t sev]al ( ^? small tracts )\t date1 9 :i* ! inequality ( ! lett]s & rud5ess ( ! workman%ip indicate ! infancy ( ! art4 ,s*pfl9 ?9ks t he c id5tify "s ( !m2 & ! passages cit$ by him cle>ly %[ t pr9t+ _h be5 c>ri$ on !re40,,iii-#be ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be rem>k$ t ! passages cit$ by ,s*pfl91 & ref]r$ to by ,ob]l91 by no means %[ t ! art ( pr9t+ _h be5 practis$ at ,/rasburg by ,gutemb]g2 nor d !y cle>ly prove t x _h be5 cont9u\sly c>ri$ on !re by 8 p>tn]s or o!rs to ! "t ( ,m5tel91 :o probably e/abli%$ himself !re z a pr9t] 9 #adff4 ,footnote ,,iii-#be3 ,essai d',annales de la ,vie de ,jean ,gut5b]g1 p> ,j]4 ,j4 ,ob]l94 #hvo4 ,/rasb\rg1 ,an ix4 #ahjb4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ,gutemb]g's fir/ essays 9 typography 7 made ) wood5 types2 & ,daniel ,speckl91 an ar*itect ( ,/rasburg1 :o di$ 9 #aehi1 pr(ess$ to h se5 "s ( !m4 ,accord+ to 8 acc\nt !re 0 a hole pi]c$ 9 ea* lett]1 & !y 7 arrang$ 9 l9es by a /r+ be+ pass$ ?r\gh !m4 ,! l9es ?us =m$ l a /r+ ( beads 7 aft]w>ds collect$ into pages1 & submitt$ to ! press4 ,p>ticles & syllables ( frequ5t occurr5ce 7 n =m$ ( sep>ate lett]s1 b 7 cut on s+le pieces ( wood4 ,we are left to conjecture ! size ( ^? lett]s2 b if !y 7 suffici5tly l>ge to all[ ( a hole be+ bor$ ?r\gh !m1 & to aft]w>ds su/a9 ! action ( ! press1 !y c\ld n well be less ?an ! missal types ) :i* ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt] is pr9t$4 ,x is h[ev] likely t ,speckl9 _h be5 mi/ak52 & t he _h suppos$ "s old initial lett]s1 l>ge en\gh to admit ( a hole be+ bor$ ?r\gh !m )\t injury1 to h be5 su* z 7 g5]ally us$ 9 ! infancy ( ! art4 ,9 #adda & #addb1 ,gutemb]g1 :o appe>s to h be5 always 9 want ( money1 execut$ de$s ( sale to ! dean & *apt] ( ! collegiate *ur* ( ,/4 ,?omas at ,/rasburg1 :]eby he assign$ to !m c]ta9 r5ts & pr(its 9 ,m5tz :i* he inh]it$ f 8 uncle ,john ,leheym]1 :o _h be5 a judge 9 t city4 ,9 #addc & #addd ,gutemb]g's "n /ill appe>s 9 ! rate or tax book ( ,/rasburg2 b aft] ! latt] ye> x is no long] to be f\nd4 ,ab\t #adde1 x is probable t he return$ to ,m5tz1 8 native city1 hav+ app>5tly be5 unsuccessful 9 8 speculations at ,/rasburg4 ,f ?is p]iod to #adej x is likely t he cont9u$ to employ himself 9 attempts to p]fect 8 inv5tion ( typography4 ,9 #adej he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,john ,fau/1 a goldsmi? & native ( ,m5tz1 & x is f ?is ye> t ,tri!mius dates ! inv5tion4 ,9 8 ,annales ,hirsaugi5ses1 "u ! ye> #adej1 he gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! fir/ e/abli%m5t & e>ly progress ( ! art4 8,ab\t ?is "t #adej1 9 ! city ( ,m5tz ^u ! ,rh9e1 9 ,g]many1 & n 9 ,italy z "s h falsely /at$1 ?is wond]ful & hi!rto unhe>d ( art ( pr9t+ 0 conceiv$ & inv5t$ by ,john ,gutemb]g1 a citiz5 ( ,m5tz4 ,he _h exp5d$ ne>ly all 8 sub/ance on ! inv5tion2 & be+ greatly press$ = want ( means1 0 ab\t to ab&on x 9 despair1 :51 ?r\gh ! advice & ) ! money furni%$ by ,john ,fau/1 also a citiz5 ( ,m5tz1 he complet$ 8 und]tak+4 ,at fir/ !y pr9t$ ! vocabul>y call$ ! ,ca?olicon1 f lett]s cut on blocks ( wood4 ,^! lett]s h[ev] c\ld n be us$ to pr9t any?+ else1 z !y 7 n sep>ately moveable1 b 7 cut on ! blocks z above /at$4 ,to ?is inv5tion succe$$ o!rs m subtle1 & !y aft]w>ds inv5t$ a me?od ( ca/+ ! %apes1 nam$ by !m matrices1 ( all ! lett]s ( ! ,roman alphabet1 f :i* !y aga9 ca/ lett]s ( copp] or t91 suffici5t to be> any pressure to :i* !y might be subject$1 & :i* !y _h =m]ly cut by h&4 ,z ,i h he>d1 ne>ly ?irty ye>s ago1 f ,pet] ,s*eff]1 ( ,g]n%eim1 citiz5 ( ,m5tz1 :o 0 son-9-law ( ! fir/ inv5tor1 great difficulties att5d$ ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( ?is art2 = :5 !y _h comm5c$ pr9t+ a ,bible !y f\nd t upw>ds ( f\r ?\s& flor9s _h be5 exp5d$ be=e !y _h f9i%$ ! ?ird quat]nion or quire ( f\r %eets4 ,pet] ,s*eff]1 an +5i\s & prud5t man1 at fir/ ! s]vant1 & aft]w>ds1 z has be5 already said1 ! son-9-law ( ,john ,fau/1 ! fir/ inv5tor1 discov]$ ! m ready mode ( ca/+ ! types1 & p]fect$ ! art z x is at pres5t ex]cis$4 ,^! ?ree = "s "t kept _! me?od ( pr9t+ a secret1 till at l5g? x 0 divulg$ by "s workm5 ^: assi/ance !y c\ld n d )\t4 ,x fir/ pass$ to ,/rasburg1 & gradually to o!r nations40,,iii-#bf ,footnote ,,iii-#bf3 ,tri!mii ,annales ,hirsaugi5ses1 tom4 ii4 ad annum #adej4 ,! orig9al passage is pr9t$ 9 ,prosp] ,m>*&'s ,hi/oire de l',imprim]ie1 #bnde ,p>tie1 p4 #g4 ,z ,tri!mius f9i%$ ! "w :i* conta9s ! prec$+ acc\nt 9 #aead1 ,m>*& concludes t he mu/ h receiv$ 8 in=mation f ,s*eff] ab\t #adhd1 :i* w\ld be )9 ?irty-five ye>s ( ,gutemb]g's ent]+ into a p>tn]%ip ) ,fau/4 ,al?\gh ,tri!mius _h 8 in=mation f s excell5t an au?ority1 yet ! acc\nt :i* he has ?us left is f> f satisfactory4 ,s*pfl91 among/ o!r objections to its accuracy1 rem>ks t ,tri!mius is wrong 9 /at+ t ! inv5tion ( moveable types 0 subsequ5t to ,gutemb]g's connexion ) ,fau/1 see+ t ! =m] _h previ\sly employ$ !m at ,/rasburg2 & he also obs]ves t 9 ! le>n$ abbot's acc\nt !re is no di/9ct m5tion made ( moveable lett]s cut by h&1 b t we are l$ to inf] t ! improvem5t ( ca/+ types f matrices imm$iately foll[$ ! pr9t+ ( ! ,ca?olicon f wood-blocks4 ,! words ( ,tri!mius on ?is po9t are z foll[s3 8,po/ hc1 inv5tis success]unt subtiliora1 inv5]untque modum fund5di =mas omnium ,lat9i alphabeti litt]>um1 quas ipsi matrices nom9abant1 ex quibus rursum neos sive /anneos *>act]es fundebant ad omnem pressuram suffici5tes quos prius manibus sculpebant40 ,f ?is passage x might be object$ 9 opposition to ! op9ion ( ,s*pfl93,,iii-#bg #a4 ,t ! 8subtiliora10--m subtle contrivances1 m5tion$ be=e ! inv5tion ( ca/+ moveable lett]s1 may relate to ! cutt+ ( su* lett]s by h&4 #b4 ,t ! ^w 8quos0 is to be ref]r$ to ! antec$5t 8neos sive /anneos *>act]es10--lett]s ( copp] or t91--& n to ! 8*>act]es 9 tabulis ligneis scripti10--lett]s engrav$ on wood-blocks1--:i* are m5tion$ 9 a prec$+ s5t5ce4 ,! inconsi/5cy ( ,tri!mius 9 ascrib+ ! orig9 ( ! art to ,gutemb]g1 & twice imm$iately aft]w>ds call+ ,s*eff] ! son-9-law ( 8! fir/ inv5tor10 ,fau/1 is notic$ by ,s*pfl91 & has be5 po9t$ out by sev]al o!r writ]s4 ,footnote ,,iii-#bg3 ,v9dici ,typographic1 pp4 #gg1 #gh4 ,9 #adee ! p>tn]%ip betwe5 ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ 0 dissolv$ at ! in/ance ( ! latt]1 :o pref]r$ a suit aga9/ 8 p>tn] = ! recov]y1 ) int]e/1 ( c]ta9 sums ( money :i* he _h advanc$4 ,!re is no m5tion ( ! "t :5 ! p>tn]%ip comm5c$ 9 ! s5t5ce or aw>d ( ! judge2 b ,s*w>tz inf]s1 f ! sum claim$ on acc\nt ( int]e/1 t x mu/ h be5 9 ,augu/ #addi4 ,x is probable t 8 conclusion is v ne> ! tru?2 = mo/ ( ! e>ly writ]s :o h m5tion$ ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ at ,m5tz by ,gutemb]g & ,fau/1 agree 9 assign+ ! ye> #adej z t 9 :i* !y began to practise ! new art4 ,x is conjectur$ by ,sant&] t ,fau/1 :o seems to h be5 a selfi% "*1,,iii-#bh s\ght an opportunity ( qu>rell+ ) ,gutemb]g z soon z ,s*eff] _h communicat$ to him 8 great improvem5t ( =m+ ! lett]s by means ( pun*es & matrices4 ,footnote ,,iii-#bh3 ,9 ! fir/ "w :i* issu$ f ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s press1 ) a date & ! pr9t]'s names1--! ,psalt] ( #adeg1--;& 9 sev]al o!rs1 ,s*eff] appe>s on an equal foot+ ) ,fau/4 ,9 ! colophon ( an edition ( ,cic]o de ,(ficiis1 #adfe1 ,fau/ has ins]t$ ! foll[+ degrad+ words3 8,pres5s opus ,joh4 ,fu/ ,mogunt9us civis 4 4 4 4 arte quadam p]pulcra ,petri manu pu]i mei felicit] effeci40 ,8 p>tn]1 to ^: +5uity he is *iefly indebt$ = 8 fame1 is "h repres5t$ 9 ! "* ( a m5ial4 ,pet] ,s*eff]1 ( ,g]n%eim1 cl]k1 :o p]fect$ ! art ( pr9t+1 is n[ degrad$ to 8,pet]1 my boy0 by ^: h&--n by 8 +5uity--,john ,fau/ ex]cises a c]ta9 beautiful art4 ,! docum5t conta9+ ! decision ( ! judges 0 drawn up by ,ulric ,helmasp]g]1 a not>y1 on #f? ,novemb]1 #adee1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pet] ,g]n%eim ,s*eff]1 ,james ,fau/1 ! bro!r ( ,john1 ,h5ry ,keff]1 & o!rs4,,iii-#bi ,f ! /atem5t ( ,fau/1 z recit$ 9 ?is in/rum5t1 x appe>s t he _h fir/ advanc$ to ,gutemb]g eight hundr$ flor9s at ! annual int]e/ ( six p] c5t41 & aft]w>ds eight hundr$ flor9s m4 ,gutemb]g hav+ neglect$ to pay ! int]e/1 !re 0 ow+ by him a sum ( two hundr$ & fifty flor9s on acc\nt ( ! fir/ eight hundr$2 & a fur!r sum ( "o hundr$ & =ty on acc\nt ( ! second4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ,gutemb]g's neglect+ to pay ! int]e/1 ,fau/ /ates t he _h incurr$ a fur!r exp5se ( ?irty-six flor9s f hav+ to borr[ money bo? ( ,*ri/ians & ,jews4 ,= ! capital advanc$ by him1 & arre>s ( int]e/1 he claim$ on ! :ole two ?\s& & tw5ty flor9s4,,iii-#cj ,footnote ,,iii-#bi3 ,h5ry ,keff] 0 employ$ 9 ,gutemb]g & ,fau/'s pr9t+-(fice4 ,he aft]w>ds w5t to ,nuremb]g1 :]e 8 "n appe>s z a pr9t]1 9 #adgc1 9 conjunction ) ,john ,s5s5s*mid4--,prim>ia qudam ,docum5ta de orig9e ,typographi1 ed5te ,c4 ,g4 ,s*w>tzio4 #hvo4 ,altorfii1 #agdj4 ,footnote ,,iii-#cj3 8,er ,johan ,fu/ d5selb5 solt frt] "u ,*ri/5 und ,iudd5 hab mss5 ussnem51 und davor sess und dreyssig ,guld5 ungevrli* zu gut] ,re*nung zu ,gesu* geb51 das si* also zusam5 mit dem ,hauptgeld ungevrli* trifft an zvvytus5d und zvvanzig ,guld540 ,s*w>tz 9 an obs]vation ^u ?is passage conceives ! sum ( #b1jbj flor9s to be ?us made up3 capital advanc$1 9 two sums ( #hjj ea*1 #a1fjj flor9s3 int]e/ #cij2 on acc\nt ( comp\nd int]e/1 incurr$ by ,fau/1 #cf2 mak+ 9 all #b1jbf4 ,he ?9ks t #b1jbj flor9s only 7 claim$ z a r\nd sum2 & t ! second sum ( #hjj flor9s 0 advanc$ 9 ,octob] #adeb4--,prim>ia qudam ,docum5ta1 pp4 #i-ad4 ,9 answ] to ^! allegations ,gutemb]g repli$3 t ! fir/ eight hundr$ flor9s :i* he receiv$ ( ,fau/ 7 advanc$ 9 ord] to pur*ase ut5sils = pr9t+1 :i* 7 assign$ to ,fau/ z a security = 8 money4 ,x 0 agre$ betwe5 !m t ,fau/ %\ld contribute ?ree hundr$ flor9s annually = workm5's wages & h\se-r5t1 & = ! pur*ase ( p>*m5t1 pap]1 ink1 & o!r ?+s4,,iii-#ca ,x 0 also /ipulat$ t 9 ! ev5t ( any disagreem5t aris+ betwe5 !m1 ! pr9t+ mat]ials assign$ to ,fau/ z a security %\ld become ! prop]ty ( ,gutemb]g on 8 repay+ ! sum ( eight hundr$ flor9s4 ,?is sum1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 advanc$ = ! completion ( ! "w1 ,gutemb]g did n ?9k himself b\nd to exp5d on book-"w alone2 & al?\gh x 0 express$ 9 _! agreem5t t he %\ld pay six flor9s 9 ! hundr$ = an annual int]e/1 yet ,fau/ assur$ him t he w\ld n accept ( x1 z ! eight hundr$ flor9s 7 n paid d[n at once1 z by _! agreem5t !y ought to h be54 ,= ! second sum ( eight hundr$ flor9s he 0 ready to r5d] ,fau/ an acc\nt4 ,= int]e/ or usury he consid]$ t he 0 n liable4,,iii-#cb ,footnote ,,iii-#ca3 84 4 4 4 und das ,,johannes ,,fu/ ym i]li*5 #cjj ,guld5 vor ,ko/5 geb51 und au* ,ges9de ,lone1 ,huss ,z9ss1 ,v]met1 ,papi]1 ,t9te1 c4 v]leg5 solte40 ,prim>ia qedam ,doc4 p4 #aj4 ,footnote ,,iii-#cb3 84 4 4 4 von d5 ubrig5 #hjj ,guld5 vveg5 beg]t er ym e9 re*nung zu ?un1 s ge/ett er au* ym ke9s ,soldes no* ,wu*]s1 und h(ft ym im re*t5 d>um nit pfli*tigk s940 ,prim>ia qudam ,doc4 p4 #aa4 ,! judges1 hav+ he>d ! /atem5ts ( bo? p>ties1 decid$ t ,gutemb]g %\ld repay ,fau/ s mu* ( ! capital z _h n be5 exp5d$ 9 ! bus9ess2 & t on ,fau/'s produc+ witnesses1 or swe>+ t he _h borr[$ ^u int]e/ ! sums advanc$1 ,gutemb]g %\ld pay him int]e/ also1 accord+ to _! agreem5t4 ,fau/ hav+ made oa? t he _h borr[$ #aeej flor9s1 :i* he paid ov] to ,gutemb]g1 to be employ$ by him = _! common b5efit1 & t he _h paid ye>ly int]e/1 & 0 /ill liable on acc\nt ( ! same1 ! not>y1 ,ulric ,helmasp]g]1 sign$ 8 atte/ation ( ! aw>d on #f? ,novemb]1 #adee4;,,iii-#cc ,x w\ld appe> t ,gutemb]g n be+ able to repay ! money 0 oblig$ to rel9qui% ! pr9t+ mat]ials to ,fau/4 ,footnote ,,iii-#cc3 ,m]ci]1 :o is frequ5tly ref]r$ to z an au?ority on subjects connect$ ) ,bibliography1 has1 9 8 supplem5t to ,prosp] ,m>*&'s ,hi/oire de l',imprim]ie1 conf\nd$ ?is docum5t ) t conta9+ an acc\nt ( ! process betwe5 ! ,drytzehns & ,gutemb]g at ,/rasburg 9 #adci2 & ,he9ek51 at p4 #bee ( 8 ,ide ,gnrale1 has committ$ ! same mi/ake4 ,salmu?1 :o alludes to ! above docum5t 9 8 annotations ^u ,pancirollus1 has mo/ s+ul>ly p]v]t$ its mean+1 by repres5t+ ,gutemb]g z ! p]son :o advanc$ ! money1 & ,fau/ z ! +5i\s inv5tor :o 0 su$ by 8 ri* p>tn]4 8,f ?is x evid5tly appe>s10 says he1 aft] mak+ ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ ex*ange *>act]s1 8t ,gutemb]g 0 n ! fir/ :o inv5t$ & practis$ typography2 b t "s ye>s aft] its inv5tion he 0 admitt$ a p>tn] by ,john ,fau/1 to :om he advanc$ money40 ,if = 8,gutemb]g0 we read 8,fau/10 & vice v]s1 ! acc\nt is correct4 ,:e!r ,fau/1 :o might be an engrav] z well z a goldsmi?1 assi/$ ,gutemb]g or n by engrav+ ! types1 does n appe>4 ,x is /at$ t ,gutemb]g's e>lie/ productions at ,m5tz 7 an alphabet cut on wood1 & a ,donatus execut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,tri!mius m5tions a 8,ca?olicon0 engrav$ on blocks ( wood z "o ( ! fir/ books pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g & ,fau/1 & ?is ,he9ek5 ?9ks 0 ! same z ! ,donatus4,,iii-#cd ,:atev] may h be5 ! book :i* ,tri!mius describes z a 8,ca?olicon10 x c]ta9ly 0 n ! 8,ca?olicon ,joannis ,janu5sis10 a l>ge folio :i* appe>$ 9 #adfj )\t ! "n or resid5ce ( ! pr9t]1 b :i* is suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g aft] ! dissolution ( 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,fau/4 ,footnote ,,iii-#cd3 8,je crois1 que ces tables deux plan*es de bois autrefois *ez le ,duc de la ,valli]e sont du livre que le ,*roniqueur de ,cologne appelle un ,donat et que ,tri!m nomme un ,ca?olicon1 7livre univ]sel17 ce qu'on a confondu ensuite avec le gr& ouvrage intitul ,ca?olicon ,janu5sis40--,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #beh4 ,x has be5 /at$ t previ\s to ! introduction ( metal types ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ us$ moveable types ( wood2 & ,s*pfl9 speaks confid5tly ( su* be+ us$ at ,/rasburg by ,m5tel9 long aft] ,s*eff] _h introduc$ ! improv$ me?od ( =m+ metal types by means ( pun*es & matrices4 ,on ?is subject1 h[ev]1 ,s*pfl9's op9ion is ( v little weight1 = on :atev] relates to ! practice ( typography or wood engrav+ he 0 v slightly in=m$4 ,he fancies t all ! books pr9t$ at ,/rasburg previ\s to ! appe>ance ( ,v9c5tii ,bellovac5sis ,speculum ,hi/oriale 9 #adgc1 7 pr9t$ ) moveable types ( wood4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 d\btful if ev] a s+le book 0 pr9t$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,willett 9 8 ,essay on ,pr9t+1 publi%$ 9 ! elev5? volume ( ! ,ar*ologia1 n only says t no entire book 0 ev] pr9t$ ) wood5 types1 b adds1 8,i v5ture to pron\nce x impossible40 ,he has pron\nc$ ra%ly4 ,al?\gh x c]ta9ly w\ld be a "w ( consid]able lab\r to cut a set ( moveable lett]s ( ! size ( :at is call$ ,donatus type1 & suffici5t to pr9t su* a book1 yet x is by no means impossible4 ,t su* books z 8,eyn ,manung d] ,cri/5heit widd] die durk510 ( :i* a fac-simile is giv5 by ,aret91 & ! fir/ & second ,donatuses1 ( :i* specim5s are giv5 by ,fis*]1 might be pr9t$ f wood5 types ,i am p]fectly satisfi$1 ?\gh ,i am decid$ly ( op9ion t !y 7 n4 ,m>*& has d\bt$ ! possibility ( pr9t+ ) wood5 types1 :i* he obs]ves w\ld be apt to w>p :5 wet = ! purpose ( clean+2 b x is to be obs]v$ t !y w\ld n require to be clean$ be=e !y 7 us$4 ,f\rni]1 :o 0 a lett]-f\nd]1 & :o occasionally practis$ wood engrav+1 speaks positively ( ! ,psalt] fir/ pr9t$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff] 9 #adeg1 & aga9 9 #adei1 be+ pr9t$ ) wood5 types2 & he expresses 8 conviction ( ! practicability ( cutt+ & pr9t+ ) su* types1 provid$ t !y 7 n ( a small] size ?an ,great ,prim] ,roman4 ,me]man %[s ! possibility ( us+ su* types2 & ,camus caus$ two l9es ( ! ,bible1 suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g1 to be cut 9 sep>ate lett]s on wood1 & :i* su/a9$ ! action ( ! press4,,iii-#ce ,lamb9et says1 x is c]ta9 t ,gutemb]g cut moveable lett]s ( wood1 b he gives no au?ority = ! ass]tion2 & ,i am ( op9ion t no unexceptionable te/imony on ?is po9t c be produc$4 ,! /atem5ts ( ,s]>ius & ,paulus ,pat]1,,iii-#cf :o pr(ess to h se5 su* anci5t wood5 types at ,m5tz1 are entitl$ to z little cr$it z ,daniel ,speckl91 :o ass]t$ t he _h se5 su* at ,/rasburg4 ,!y may h se5 l>ge initial lett]s ( wood ) holes bor$ ?r\gh1 b sc>cely any l[]-case lett]s :i* 7 ev] us$ 9 pr9t+ any book4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ce3 ,ob]l91 ,essai d',annales de la ,vie de ,gut5b]g4 ,footnote ,,iii-#cf3 84 4 4 4 ligneos typos1 ex buxi frutice1 p]=atos 9 m$io1 ut zona collig>i una jungique commode poss9t1 ex ,fau/i (fic9a reliquos1 ,mogunti aliqu&o me conspexisse mem9i40--,paulus ,pat]1 9 ,diss]tatione de ,typis ,lit]>um1 c4 p1 #aj4 #dto4 ,lipsi1 #agaj4 ,he9ek51 at p4 #bed ( 8 ,ide ,gn41 decl>es himself to be conv9c$ t ,gutemb]g _h cut sep>ate lett]s on wood1 b he ?9ks t no p]son w\ld be able to cut a quantity suffici5t to pr9t :ole %eets1 &1 /ill less1 l>ge volumes z _m pret5d4 ,t exp]im5ts might be made by ,gutemb]g ) wood5 types ,i c believe1 ?\gh ,i h n be5 able to f9d any suffici5t au?ority = ! fact4 ,( ! possibility ( cutt+ moveable types ( a c]ta9 size 9 wood1 & ( pr9t+ a book ) !m1 ,i am conv9c$ f exp]im5t2 & c\ld conv9ce o!rs1 7 x wor? ! exp5se1 by pr9t+ a fac-simile1 f wood5 types1 ( any page ( any book :i* is ( an e>li] date ?an #adfb4 ,b1 ?\gh conv9c$ ( ! possibility ( pr9t+ small works 9 lett]s ( a c]ta9 size1 ) wood5 types1 ,i h nev] se5 any e>ly specim5s ( typography :i* conta9$ positive & indisputable indications ( hav+ be5 pr9t$ 9 t mann]4 ,x 01 until ( late1 confid5tly ass]t$ by p]sons :o pret5d$ to h a compet5t k ( ! subject1 t ! text ( ! celebrat$ ,adv5tures ( ,!urdank1 pr9t$ 9 #aeag1 _h be5 engrav$ on wood-blocks1 & _! /atem5t 0 g5]ally believ$4 ,!re _c1 h[ev]1 n[ be a d\bt 9 ! m9d ( any p]son :o exam9es ! book1 & :o has ! slighte/ k ( wood engrav+ & pr9t+1 ( ! text be+ pr9t$ ) metal types4 ,dur+ ! p>tn]%ip ( ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ x is likely t !y pr9t$ "s works1 ?\gh !re is sc>cely "o :i* c be assign$ to !m ) any degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,"o ( ! suppos$ e>lie/ productions ( typography is a lett] ( indulg5ce conc$$ on ! #ab? ( ,augu/1 #adea1 by ,pope ,ni*olas ,v1 to ,paul9 ,zappe1 c\nsellor & ambassador ( ,john1 ,k+ ( ,cyprus4 ,x 0 to be 9 =ce = ?ree ye>s f ! #a/ ( ,may1 #adeb1 & x grant$ indulg5ce to all p]sons :o )9 t p]iod %\ld contribute t[>ds ! def5ce ( ,cyprus aga9/ ! ,turks4 ,f\r copies ( ?is indulg5ce are kn[n1 pr9t$ on vellum 9 ! mann] ( a pat5t or brief4 ,! *>act]s are ( a l>g] size ?an ^? ( ! 8,dur&i ,rationale10 #adei1 or ( ! ,lat9 ,bible pr9t$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff] 9 #adfb4 ,! foll[+ date appe>s at ! conclusion ( "o ( ! copies3 8,datum ,erffurdie sub anno ,dom9i m cccc liiij1 die v]o qu9ta decima m5sis novembris40 ,! words :i* are "h pr9t$ 9 ,italic1 are 9 ! orig9al writt5 ) a p54 ,a copy ( ! same indulg5ce discov]$ by ,pr(essor ,gebh>di is m complete4 ,x has at ! end1 a 8,=ma pl5issim absolutionis et remissionis 9 vita et 9 mortis articulo10--a =m ( pl5>y absolution & remission 9 life & at ! po9t ( dea?4 ,at ! conclusion is ! foll[+ date1 ! words 9 ,italics be+ ins]t$ ) a p53 8,datum 9 ,lunebor* anno ,dom9i m cccc l qu9to1 die v]o vicesima sexta m5sis ,janu>ii40 ,he9ek51 :o saw ?is copy 9 ! possession ( ,breitkopf1 has obs]v$ t 9 ! orig9al date1 m cccc liiij1 ! la/ f\r *>act]s _h be5 effac$ & ! ^w qu9to writt5 ) a p52 b yet 9 su* a mann] t ! num]als iiij might /ill be p]ceiv$4 ,9 two copies ( ?is indulg5ce 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,sp5c]1 describ$ by ,dr4 ,dibd9 9 ! ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 vol4 i4 p4 #dd1 ! f9al units 7iiij7 h n _h ! ^w 8qu9to0 ov]writt51 b h be5 =m$ ) a p5 into ! num]al ,v4 ,9 ! catalogue ( ,dr4 ,kloss's libr>y1 ,no4 #abhg1 x is /at$ t a fragm5t ( a 8,donatus0 !re describ$1 consi/+ ( two leaves ( p>*m5t1 is pr9t$ ) ! same type z ! ,maz>9e ,bible2 & x is add$1 on ! au?ority ( ,george ,appley>d1 ,esq41 ,e>l ,sp5c]'s libr>ian1 t ! 8,litt]a ,indulg5ti0 ( ,pope ,ni*olas ,v1 9 8 lord%ip's possession1 conta9s two l9es pr9t$ ) ! same type4 ,breitkopf _h "s d\bts respect+ ?is in/rum5t2 b a writ] 9 ! ,j5a ,lit]>y ,gazette is c]ta9ly wrong 9 suppos+ t x _h be5 ante-dat$ t5 ye>s4 ,x 0 only to be 9 =ce = ?ree ye>s2 & ,pope ,ni*olas ,v1 by :om x 0 grant$1 di$ on ! #bd? ,m>*1 #adee4;,,iii-#cg ,two words1 ,,univ]sis & ,,paul9us1 :i* are pr9t$ 9 capitals 9 ! fir/ two l9es1 are said to be ( ! same type z ^? ( a ,bible ( :i* ,s*elhorn has giv5 a specim5 9 8 8,diss]tation on an e>ly ,edition ( ! ,bible10 ,ulm1 #agfj4 ,footnote ,,iii-#cg3 ,ob]l91 ,essai d',annales de la ,vie de ,gut5b]g4 ,! next e>lie/ specim5 ( typography ) a date is ! tract entitl$ 8,eyn ,manung d] ,cri/5keit widd] die durk510--,an ,appeal to ,*ri/5dom aga9/ ! ,turks1--:i* has be5 allud$ to at page #acf4 ,a li?ographic fac-simile ( ! :ole ( ?is tract1 :i* consi/s ( n9e pr9t$ pages ( a qu>to size1 is giv5 by ,aret9 at ! end ( 8 8,essay on ! e>lie/ hi/orical results ( ! inv5tion ( ,pr9t+10 publi%$ at ,muni* 9 #ahjh4 ,?is 8,appeal0 is 9 ,g]man rhyme1 & x consi/s ( exhortations1 arrang$ "u e mon? 9 ! mann] ( a cal5d>1 address$ to ! pope1 ! emp]or1 to k+s1 pr9ces1 bi%ops1 & free /ates1 enc\rag+ !m to take up arms & resi/ ! ,turks4 ,! exhortation = ,janu>y is address$ to ,pope ,ni*olas ,v1 :o di$1 z has be5 obs]v$1 9 ,m>* #adee4 ,t[>ds ! conclusion ( ! prologue is ! date 8,als man zelet no* d9' geburt (f5b> m4cccc4lv4 i> sieb5 wo*5 und iiii d by von nativitatis bis e/o mi*i40 ,at ! conclusion ( ! exhortation = ,decemb] are ! foll[+ words3 8,eyn gut selig nuwe ,j>30 ,a happy new ye>6 ,f ^! circum/ances ,aret9 is ( op9ion t ! tract 0 pr9t$ t[>ds ! end ( #aded4 ,m4 ,b]nh>t1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! sup]9t5d5ts ( ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,muni*1 ( :i* ,aret9 0 ! pr9cipal director1 has que/ion$ ! accuracy ( ?is date2 & f c]ta9 allusions 9 ! exhortation = ,decemb]1 has endeav\r$ to %[ t ! correct date ought to be #adgb4;,,iii-#ch ,footnote ,,iii-#ch3 ,dr4 ,dibd91 ,bibliog4 ,t\r1 vol iii4 p4 #ace1 second edition4 ,fis*] 9 look+ ov] "s old pap]s discov]$ a cal5d> ( a folio size1 & pr9t$ on "o side only1 = #adeg4 ,! lett]s1 accord+ to 8 description1 resemble ^? ( a ,donatus1 ( :i* he has giv5 a specim5 9 ! ?ird "p ( 8 ,typographic ,r>ities1 & he supposes t bo? ! ,donatus & ! ,cal5d> 7 pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g4,,iii-#ci ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 t ! ,donatus :i* he ascrib$ to ,gutemb]g 0 pr9t$ by ,pet] ,s*eff]1 & 9 all probability aft] ,fau/'s dea?2 & f ! simil>ity ( ! type x is likely t ! ,cal5d> 0 pr9t$ at ! same (fice4 ,fis*]1 hav+ obs]v$ t ! l>ge ornam5tal capitals ( ?is ,donatus 7 ! same z ^? 9 ! ,psalt] pr9t$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff] 9 #adeg1 0 l$ mo/ errone\sly to conclude t ! l>ge ornam5tal lett]s ( ! ,psalt]1 :i* 7 mo/ likely ( wood1 _h be5 cut by ,gutemb]g4 ,! discov]y ( a ,donatus ) ,pet] ,s*eff]'s impr9t has completely de/roy$ 8 conjectures1 & invalidat$ ! argum5ts advanc$ by him 9 fav\r ( ! ,maz>9e ,bible be+ pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g alone4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ci3 ,got!lf ,fis*]1 ,notice du premi] livre imprim avec date4 #dto4 ,may5ce1 ,an xi4 ,typographis*4 ,selt5heit4 #fte4 ,lief]ung1 ,s4 #be4 #hvo4 ,nrnb]g1 #ahjd4 ,:5 ,fis*] publi%$ 8 acc\nt ( ! ,cal5d>1 ,aret9 _h n discov]$ ! tract entitl$ 8,eyn ,manung d] ,cri/5heit widd] die durk540 ,z ,tri!mius & ! compil] ( ! ,cologne ,*ronicle h m5tion$ a ,bible z "o ( ! fir/ books pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g & ,fau/1 x has be5 a f]tile subject ( discussion among bibliograph]s to asc]ta9 ! id5tical edition to :i* ! hon\r 0 to be aw>d$4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 to be n[ g5]ally admitt$ t ! edition call$ ! ,maz>9e,,iii-#dj is ! be/ entitl$ to t di/9ction4 ,9 #aghi ,maug]>d produc$ a copy ( ?is edition to ! ,academy ( ,metz1 conta9+ memor&a :i* seem cle>ly to prove t x 0 pr9t$ at lea/ z e>ly z ,augu/ #adef4 ,z ! p>tn]%ip betwe5 ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ 0 only dissolv$ 9 ,novemb] #adee1 x is almo/ impossible t su* c\ld h be5 pr9t$ by ei!r ( !m sep>ately 9 ! space ( eight mon?s2 & z !re seems no reason to believe t any o!r typographical e/abli%m5t exi/$ at t p]iod1 x is mo/ likely t ?is 0 ! id5tical edition allud$ to by ,tri!mius z hav+ co/ #d1jjj flor9s be=e ! p>tn]s1 ,gutemb]g & ,fau/1 _h f9i%$ ! ?ird quat]nion1 or quire ( f\r %eets4 ,footnote ,,iii-#dj3 ,x is call$ ! ,maz>9e ,bible 9 consequ5ce ( ! fir/ kn[n copy be+ discov]$ 9 ! libr>y =m$ by ,c>d9al ,maz>9e4 ,dr4 ,dibd91 9 8 ,bibliographical ,t\r1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aia1 m5tions hav+ se5 n few] ?an t5 or twelve copies ( ?is edition1 :i* he says mu/ n be designat$ z 8( ! v fir/ degree ( r>ity40 ,an edition ( ! ,bible1 suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ at ,bamb]g by ,alb]t ,pfi/] ab\t #adfa1 is mu* m sc>ce4 ,! copy produc$ by ,maug]>d is pr9t$ on pap]1 & is n[ 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is4 ,x is b\nd 9 two volumes2 & e complete page consi/s ( two columns1 ea* conta9+ =ty-two l9es4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! fir/ volume ! p]son by :om x 0 rubricat$,,iii-#da & b\nd has writt5 ! foll[+ memor&um3 8,et sic e/ f9is prime p>tis biblie4 ,scr4 ,vet]is te/am5ti4 ,illum9ata seu rubricata et illum9ata p' h5ricum ,albeh alius ,crem] anno dn'i m4cccc4lvi fe/o ,b>?olomei apli--,deo gratias--alleluja40 ,at ! end ( ! second volume ! same p]son has writt5 ! date 9 words at l5g?3 8,i/e lib] illum9atus1 ligatus completus e/ p' h5ricum ,crem] vic>i ecclesie collegatur ,sancti ,/ephani magunt9i sub anno ,d'ni millesimo quadr+5tesimo qu9quagesimo sexto fe/o assumptionis gloriose virg9is ,m>ie4 ,deo gracias alleluja40,,iii-#db ,fis*],,iii-#dc says t ?is la/ memor&um assigns 8e95 spt]n tag0--a lat] day--to ! end ( ! rubricator's "w4 ,9 ?is he is mi/ak52 = ! fea/ ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 :5 ! second volume 0 f9i%$1 is on ! #ae? ( ,augu/3 :ile ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ! day on :i* he f9i%$ ! fir/1 falls on ,augu/ #bd?4 ,lamb9et1,,iii-#dd :o d\bts ! g5u95ess ( ^? inscriptions1 makes ! circum/ance ( ! second volume be+ f9i%$ n9e days be=e ! fir/1 a gr\nd ( objection4 ,?is seem+ inconsi/5cy h[ev] c by no means be admitt$ z a pro( ( ! inscriptions be+ spuri\s4 ,x is inde$ m likely t ! rubricator might actually f9i% ! second volume be=e ! fir/1 ?an t a mod]n =g]1 int5t to deceive1 %\ld n h be5 aw>e ( ! objection4 ,footnote ,,iii-#da3 ,9 mo/ ( ! e>ly pr9t$ books ! capitals 7 left to be ins]t$ 9 r$ ink by ! p5 or p5cil ( ! 8rubricator40 ,footnote ,,iii-#db3 ,!re are fac-simile trac+s ( ^? memor&ums1 on sep>ate slips ( pap]1 9 ! copy ( ! ,maz>9e ,bible 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y at ! ,briti% ,museum2 & fac-simile engrav+s ( !m are giv5 9 ! ,m',c>?y ,catalogue4 ,footnote ,,iii-#dc3 ,typograph4 ,selt5heit4 ,s4 #bj1 #cte4 ,lief]ung4 ,footnote ,,iii-#dd3 ,re*]*es sur l',orig9e de l',imprim]ie1 p4 #ace4 ,! g5u95ess ( ! inscriptions is1 h[ev]1 confirm$ by o!r evid5ce :i* no m]e conjecture c invalidate4 ,on ! la/ leaf ( ?is ,bible !re is a memor&um writt5 by ,b]?old de ,/eyna1 vic> ( ! p>o*ial *ur* ( 8,ville-,o/e910,,iii-#de to ! sacri/ ( :i* ! ,bible belong$4 ,! sum ( ?is memor&um is t on ,/4 ,george's day #bc;d ,april #adeg !re 0 *aunt$1 = ! fir/ "t by ! said ,b]?old1 ! mass ( ! holy sacram5t4 ,9 ! ,c>?usian mona/]y )\t ! walls ( ,m5tz1 ,s*w>tz,,iii-#df says t he saw a copy ( ?is edition1 ! la/ leaves ( :i* 7 torn out2 b t 9 an old catalogue he p]ceiv$ an entry /at+ t ?is ,bible 0 pres5t$ to ! mona/]y by ,gutemb]g & ,fau/4 ,if ! memor&um 9 ! catalogue c\ld be reli$ on z g5u9e1 x w\ld appe> t ?is ,bible _h be5 complet$ be=e ! dissolution ( ,gutemb]g & ,fau/'s p>tn]%ip 9 ,novemb] #adee4 ,footnote ,,iii-#de3 ,ob]l9 says t 8,ville-,o/e90 lies ne> ,erfur?1 & is 9 ! diocese ( ,m5tz4 ,footnote ,,iii-#df3 ,index librorum sub incunabula typograph4 impressorum4 #agci2 cit$ by ,fis*]1 ,typograph4 ,selt5heit4 ,s4 #ba1 #cte4 ,lief]ung4 ,al?\gh n a s+le "w has be5 discov]$ ) ,gutemb]g's impr9t1 yet !re _c be a d\bt ( 8 hav+ e/abli%$ a press ( 8 own1 & pr9t$ books at ,m5tz aft] ! p>tn]%ip betwe5 him & ,fau/ _h be5 dissolv$4 ,9 ! *ronicle pr9t$ by ,philip de ,lignam9e at ,rome 9 #adgd1 x is expressly /at$1 "u ! ye> #adeh1 t !re 7 !n two pr9t]s at ,m5tz skilful 9 pr9t+ on p>*m5t ) metal types4 ,! "n ( "o 0 ,cutemb]g1 & ! o!r ,fau/2 & x 0 kn[n t ea* ( !m c\ld pr9t ?ree hundr$ %eets 9 a day4,,iii-#dg ,on ,/4 ,m>g>et's day1 #bj? ,july1 #adei1 ,gutemb]g1 9 conjunction ) 8 bro!r ,friele & 8 c\s9s ,john1 ,friele1 & ,p$]man1 execut$ a de$ 9 fav\r ( ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,cl>a at ,m5tz1 9 :i* 8 si/] ,hebele 0 a nun4 ,9 ?is docum5t1 :i* is pres]v$ among ! ar*ives ( ! univ]sity ( ,m5tz1 !re occurs a passage1 8:i* makes x z cle>10 says ,fis*]1 :o gives ! de$ entire1 8z ! f9e/ ,may-day noon1 t ,gutemb]g _h n only pr9t$ books at t "t1 b t he int5d$ to pr9t m40 ,! passage allud$ to is to ! foll[+ effect3 8,& ) respect to ! books :i* ,i1 ! above-nam$ ,john1 h giv5 ! libr>y ( ! said conv5t1 !y %all rema9 = ev] 9 ! said libr>y2 & ,i1 ! above-nam$ ,john1 w fur!rmore give to ! libr>y ( ! said conv5t all su* books requir$ = pi\s uses & ! s]vice ( ,god1--:e!r = read+ or s++1 or = use accord+ to ! rules ( ! ord]1--z ,i1 ! above-nam$ ,john1 h pr9t$ or %all h]eaft] pr9t40,,iii-#dh ,footnote ,,iii-#dg3 ,philippi de ,lignam9e ,*ronica ,summorum ,pontificum ,imp]atorumque1 anno #adgd1 ,rom impressa4 ,a second edition ( ?is *ronicle 0 pr9t$ at ,rome 9 #adgf by 8,s*ur5] de ,bop>dia40 ,9 bo? editions ,gutemb]g is call$ 8,jacobus10--,james1 & is said to be a native ( ,/rasburg4 ,"u ! same ye> ,john ,m5tel9 is m5tion$ z a pr9t] at ,/rasburg4 ,footnote ,,iii-#dh3 ,fis*]1 ,typograph4 ,selt5heit4 ,s4 #dd1 #a/e4 ,lief]ung4 ,9 ?is in/rum5t ,gutemb]g describes himself z 8,h5ne ,g5ssfleis* von ,sulgelo*1 g55nt ,gud9b]g40 ,t ,gutemb]g _h a press ( 8 own is fur!r confirm$ by a bond or de$ ( obligation execut$ by ,dr4 ,conrad ,hom]y on ! ,friday aft] ,/4 ,mat?ias' day1 #adfh1 :]e9 he ackn[l$ges hav+ receiv$ 8c]ta9 =ms1 lett]s1 ut5sils1 mat]ials1 & o!r ?+s belong+ to pr9t+10 left by ,john ,gutemb]g deceas$2 & he b9ds himself to ! ar*bi%op ,adolphus n to use !m beyond ! t]ritory ( ,m5tz1 & 9 ! ev5t ( 8 sell+ !m to give a pref]5ce to a p]son belong+ to t city4 ,! words translat$ 8c]ta9 =ms1 lett]s1 ut5sils1 mat]ials1 & o!r ?+s belong+ to pr9t+10 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 are 9 ! orig9al enum]at$ z3 8etli*e =m51 bu*/ab51 in/rum5t1 gezuge und &]s zu truckw]ck geho]5de40 ,z !re is a di/9ction made betwe5 8=m50 & 8bu*/ab510--lit]ally1 8=ms0 & 8lett]s10--,s*w>tz is incl9$ to ?9k t by 8=m50 engrav$ wood-blocks might be meant1 & he adduces 9 fav\r ( 8 op9ion ! ^w 8=m5-s*neid]10 ! old ,g]man "n = a wood-engrav]4 ,"o or m pages ( type :5 w$g$ into a rectangul> iron frame call$ a 8*ase10 & ready = ! press1 is t]m$ a 8=m0 bo? by ,engli% & ,g]man pr9t]s2 b ,s*w>tz ?9ks t su* 7 n ! 8=ms0 m5tion$ 9 ! docum5t4 ,z !re appe>s to be a di/9ction also betwe5 8in/rum5t0 & 8gezuge10--translat$ ut5sils & mat]ials1--he supposes t ! latt] ^w may be us$ to signify ! metal ( :i* ! types 7 =m$4 ,he obs]ves t ,g]man pr9t]s call _! old worn-out types 8d] ,zeug0--lit]ally1 8/uff10 & t ! mix$ metal ( :i* types are compos$ is also kn[n z 8d] ,zeug1 od] ,metall40,,iii-#di ,x is to be rememb]$ t ! e>lie/ pr9t]s 7 also _! own lett]-f\nd]s4 ,footnote ,,iii-#di3 ,prim>ia qudam ,docum5t4 pp4 #bf-cd4 ,! "w call$ ! ,ca?olicon1 compil$ by ,johannes de ,balbis1 ,janu5sis1 a ,dom9ican1 :i* appe>$ 9 #adfj )\t ! pr9t]'s "n1 has be5 ascrib$ to ,gutemb]g's press by "s ( ! mo/ em95t ,g]man bibliograph]s4 ,x is a ,lat9 diction>y & introduction to gramm>1 & consi/s ( ?ree hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree leaves ( l>ge folio size4 ,fis*] & o!rs are ( op9ion t a ,vocabul>y1 pr9t$ at ,elfeld1--9 ,lat91 ,altavilla1--ne> ,m5tz1 on #f? ,novemb]1 #adfg1 0 execut$ ) ! same types4 ,at ! end ( ?is "w1 :i* is a qu>to ( "o hundr$ & sixty-five leaves1 x is /at$ to h be5 begun by ,h5ry ,be*t]muntze1 & f9i%$ by 8 bro!r ,ni*olas1 & ,wig& ,spyess de ,or!nb]g4,,iii-#ej ,a second edition ( ! same "w1 pr9t$ by ,ni*olas ,be*t]muntze1 appe>$ 9 #adfi4 ,! foll[+ extract f a lett] writt5 by ,fis*] to ,pr(essor ,zapf 9 #ahjc1 conta9s an acc\nt ( 8 rese>*es respect+ ! ,ca?olicon & ,vocabul>y3 8,! frankness ) :i* y retract$ y\r =m] op9ions respect+ ! pr9t] ( ! ,ca?olicon ( #adfj1 & agre$ ) me 9 assign+ x to ,gutemb]g1 dem&s ! respect ( e unbiass$ inquir]4 ,i beg n[ m]ely to m5tion to y a discov]y t ,i h made :i* no long] leaves x difficult to conceive h[ ! ,ca?olicon types %\ld h come into ! h&s ( ,be*t]muntze4 ,f a monum5t :i* /&s be=e ! high alt> ( ! *ur* ( ,elfeld x is evid5t t ! family ( ,sorg5lo*1 ( :i* t ( ,gutemb]g or ,gnsfleis* 0 a bran*1 0 connect$ ) ! family ( ,be*t]muntze by m>riage4 ,! types us$ by ,be*t]muntze 7 n only simil> to ^? =m]ly belong+ to ,gutemb]g1 b 7 ! v same1 z ,i always ma9ta9$1 appeal+ to ! pr9ciples ( ! type-f\nd]'s art4 ,!y _h come into ! possession ( ,be*t]muntze by inh]itance1 on ! dea? ( ,gutemb]g1 & h5ce ,dr4 ,hom]y's reclamation40,,iii-#ea ,footnote ,,iii-#ej3 84 4 4 4 p] h5ricum be*t]muncze pie memorie 9 altavilla e/ in*oatum4 et dem sub anno di ,m4,,cccclxii4 ip die ,leon>di confessoris qui fuit qu>ta die m5sis novembris p4 nycolaum be*t]mcze fratrem dicti ,h5rici et ,wyg& ,spyess de or!nb]g consummat40 ,!re is a copy ( ?is edition 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ea3 ,typographis*4 ,selt5heit4 ,s4 #aja1 #ete4 ,lief]ung4 ,zapf1 to :om ,fis*]'s lett] is address$1 _h previ\sly communicat$ to ,ob]l9 8 op9ion t ! types ( ! ,ca?olicon 7 ! same z ^? ( an ,augu/9us de ,vita ,*ri/iana1 #dto1 )\t date or pr9t]'s "n1 b hav+ at ! end ! arms ( ,fau/ & ,s*eff]4 ,9 8 acc\nt1 pr9t$ at ,nuremb]g1 #ahjc1 ( an e>ly edition ( 8,joannis de ,turre-cremata explanatio 9 ,psalt]ium10 he ackn[l$g$ t he 0 mi/ak52 ?us agree+ ) ,s*w>tz1 ,me]man1 ,panz]1 & ,fis*]1 t no book kn[n to be pr9t$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff] is pr9t$ ) ! same types z ! ,ca?olicon & ! ,vocabul>y4 ,al?\gh !re c be little d\bt ( ! ,ca?olicon & ! ,elfeld ,vocabul>y be+ pr9t$ ) ! same types1 & ( ! =m] be+ pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g1 yet x is f> f c]ta9 t ,be*t]muntze inh]it$ ,gutemb]g's pr9t+ mat]ials1 ev5 ?\gh he might be a relation4 ,x is z likely t ,gutemb]g might sell to ! bro!rs a portion ( 8 mat]ials & /ill reta9 en\gh = himself4 ,if !y came into _! possession by inh]itance1 :i* is n likely1 ,gutemb]g mu/ h di$ "s mon?s previ\s to #d? ,novemb]1 #adfg1 ! day on :i* ,ni*olas ,be*t]muntze & ,wyg& ,spyess f9i%$ ! pr9t+ ( ! ,vocabul>y4 ,if ! mat]ials _h be5 pur*as$ by ,be*t]muntze 9 ,gutemb]g's lifetime1 :i* seems to be ! mo/ reasonable supposition1 ,conrad ,hom]y c\ld h no claim ^u !m on acc\nt ( money advanc$ to ,gutemb]g1 & consequ5tly ! types & pr9t+ mat]ials :i* aft] 8 dea? came into ,hom]y's possession1 c\ld n be ^? employ$ by ! bro!rs ,be*t]muntze 9 _! e/abli%m5t at ,elfeld4,,iii-#eb ,footnote ,,iii-#eb3 ,! two foll[+ works1 )\t date or pr9t]'s "n1 are pr9t$ ) ! same types z ! ,ca?olicon1 & x is d\btful :e!r !y 7 pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g1 or by o!r p]sons ) 8 types4 #a4 ,mat!i de ,cracovia tractatus1 seu dialogus racionis et consci5cie de sumpcione pabuli salutif]i corporis dom9i no/ri ihesu *ri/i4 #dto4 foliis #bb4 #b4 ,?ome de ,aqu9o summa de articulis fidei et ecclesie sacram5tis4 #dto4 foliis #ac4 ,a decl>ation ( ,?i]ry von ,is5burg1 ar*bi%op ( ,may5ce1 (f]+ to resign 9 fav\r ( 8 oppon5t1 ,adolphus ( ,nassau1 pr9t$ 9 ,g]man & ,lat9 9 #adfb1 is ascrib$ to ,gutemb]g3 x is ( qu>to size & consi/s ( f\r leaves4--,ob]l91 ,annales de la ,vie de ,gut5b]g4 ,by lett]s pat5t1 dat$ at ,elfeld on ,/4 ,an?ony's day1 #adfe1 ,adolphus1 ar*bi%op & elector ( ,m5tz1 appo9t$ ,gutemb]g "o ( 8 c\rti]s1 ) ! same all[ance ( clo?+ z ! re/ ( ! nobles att5d+ 8 c\rt1 ) o!r privileges & exemptions4 ,f ?is p]iod ,fis*] ?9ks t ,gutemb]g no long] occupi$ himself ) bus9ess z a pr9t]1 & t he transf]r$ 8 pr9t+ mat]ials to ,h5ry ,be*t]muntze4 8,if ,wimphel+'s acc\nt be true10 says ,fis*]1 8t ,gutemb]g became bl9d 9 8 old age1 we ne$ no long] be surpris$ t dur+ 8 lifetime 8 types & ut5sils %\ld come into ! possession ( ,be*t]muntze40 ,! exact p]iod ( ,gutemb]g's decease has n be5 asc]ta9$1 b 9 ! bond or de$ ( obligation execut$ by ,doctor ,conrad ,hom]y ! ,friday aft] ,/4 ,mat?ias's day1,,iii-#ec #adfh1 he is m5tion$ z be+ !n dead4 ,he 0 int]r$ at ,m5tz 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,recollets1 & ! foll[+ epitaph 0 compos$ by 8 relation1 ,adam ,gel?aus3,,iii-#ed 8,d4 ,o4 ,m4 ,s4 8,joanni ,g5szfleis*1 artis impressori rep]tori1 de omni natione et l+ua optime m]ito1 9 nom9is sui memoriam immortalem ,adam ,gel?aus posuit4 ,ossa ejus 9 ecclesia ,d4 ,francisci ,mogunt9a felicit] cubant40 ,f ! la/ s5t5ce x is probable t ?is epitaph 0 n plac$ 9 ! *ur* :]e9 ,gutemb]g 0 int]r$4 ,! foll[+ inscription 0 compos$ by ,ivo ,witti*1 pr(essor ( law & memb] ( ! imp]ial *amb] at ,m5tz3 8,jo4 ,gutt5b]g5si1 ,mogunt9o1 qui primus omnium lit]as re imprim5das inv5it1 hac arte de orbe toto b5e m]5ti ,ivo ,witigisis hoc saxum pro monim5to posuit ,m4,d4,,vii40 ,footnote ,,iii-#ec3 ,/4 ,mat?ias's ,day is on #bd? ,febru>y4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ed3 ,9 ! in/rum5t dat$ #adcd1 :]e9 ,gutemb]g agrees to release ! t[n-cl]k ( ,m5tz1 :om he _h arre/$1 m5tion is made ( a relation ( 81 ,ort ,gel?us1 liv+ at ,opp5heim4 ,s*pfl91 mi/ak+ ! ^w1 has pr9t$ 9 8 ,docum5ta1 p4 #d1 8,artgeld huss10 :i* he translates 8,artgeld domo10 ! h\se ( ,artgeld4 ,?is inscription1 accord+ to ,s]>ius1 :o pr(esses to h se5 x1 & :o di$ 9 #afji1 0 plac$ 9 front ( ! s*ool ( law at ,m5tz4 ,?is h\se _h =m]ly belong$ to ,gutemb]g1 & 0 suppos$ to be ! same 9 :i* he fir/ comm5c$ pr9t+ at ,m5tz 9 conjunction ) ,fau/4,,iii-#ee ,footnote ,,iii-#ee3 ,s]>ii ,hi/oria ,mogunt4 lib4 #a4 cap4 xxxvii4 p4 #aei4 ,he9ek51 ,na*ri*t5 von ,kun/l]n und ,kun/-,sa*51 #bte4 ,!il1 ,s4 #bii4 ,f ! docum5t>y evid5ce cit$ 9 ! prec$+ acc\nt ( ! life ( ,gutemb]g1 x w be p]ceiv$ t ! art ( pr9t+ ) moveable types 0 n p]fect$ z soon z conceiv$1 b t x 0 a "w ( "t4 ,x is highly probable t ,gutemb]g 0 occupi$ ) 8 inv5tion 9 #adcf2 & f ! obscure mann] 9 :i* 8 8admirable discov]y0 is allud$ to 9 ! process betwe5 him & ! ,drytzehns 9 #adci1 x does n seem likely t he _h !n proce$$ beyond mak+ exp]im5ts4 ,9 #addi or #adej1 :5 ! sum ( #hjj flor9s 0 advanc$ by ,fau/1 x appe>s n unreasonable to suppose t he _h s f> improv$ 8 inv5tion1 z to r5d] x practically available )\t ref]5ce to ,s*eff]'s great improvem5t 9 ca/+ ! types f matrices =m$ by pun*es1 :i* 0 mo/ likely discov]$ betwe5 #adeb & #adee4;,,iii-#ef ,ab\t f\rte5 ye>s mu/ h elaps$ be=e ,gutemb]g 0 enabl$ to br+ 8 inv5tion into practice4 ,! difficulties :i* mu/ h att5d$ ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( typography c\ld only h be5 surm\nt$ by great +5uity & me*anical k comb9$ ) unwe>i$ p]sev]ance4 ,aft] ! m9d _h conceiv$ ! idea ( us+ moveable types1 ^? types1 :atev] might be ! mat]ial employ$1 7 yet to be =m$1 & :5 complet$ !y 7 to be arrang$ 9 pages1 divid$ by prop] spaces1 & b\nd toge!r 9 "s mann] :i* ! +5uity ( ! inv5tor 0 to devise4 ,nor 0 8 inv5tion complete until he _h contriv$ a ,,press1 by means ( :i* num]\s impressions f 8 types might be p]fectly & rapidly obta9$4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ef3 ,9 ! colophon to 8,tri!mii ,brevi>ium hi/ori>um de orig9e ,regum et ,g5tis ,francorum10 pr9t$ at ,m5tz 9 #aeae by ,john ,s*eff]1 son ( ,pet] ,s*eff] & ,*ri/9a1 ! daught] ( ,fau/1 x is /at$ t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 p]fect$ 9 #adeb1 ?r\gh ! lab\r & +5i\s contrivances ( ,pet] ,s*eff] ( ,g]n%eim1 & t ,fau/ gave him 8 daught] ,*ri/9a 9 m>riage z a rew>d4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 at page #bhe ( ! fir/ volume ( 8 ,rese>*es1 in=ms u t 8almo/ all great discov]ies h be5 made by accid5t20 & at page #aif ( ! same volume1 :5 speak+ ( pr9t+ z ! inv5tion ( ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 he m5tions x z an 8art :i* _h be5 at fir/ tak5 up z ! amusem5t ( a leisure h\r1 became improv$1 & 0 practis$ by him z a pr(itable trade40 ,let any unbiass$ p]son ent] a pr9t+-(fice2 let him look at ! s+le lett]s1 let him obs]ve !m =m$ into pages1 & ! pages w$g$ up 9 =ms2 let him see a %eet pr9t$ f "o ( ^? =ms by means ( ! press2 & :5 he has se5 & consid]$ all ?is1 let him ask himself if ev]1 s9ce ! _w began1 ! amusem5t ( an old man practis$ 9 8 h\rs ( leisure 0 att5d$ ) su* a result8 8,v few great discov]ies10 says ,"l ,br\gham1 8h be5 made by *ance & by ignorant p]sons1 mu* few] ?an is g5]ally suppos$4--,!y are g5]ally made by p]sons ( compet5t k1 & :o are 9 se>* ( !m40,,iii-#eg ,footnote ,,iii-#eg3 ,on ! ,pleasures & ,advantages ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #afj4 ,edit4 #ahca4 ,hav+ n[ giv5 "s acc\nt ( ! gr\nds on :i* ,gutemb]g's claims to ! inv5tion ( typography are f\nd$1 x appe>s necess>y to give a brief summ>y1 f ! e>lie/ au?orities1 ( ! pret5sions ( ,lawr5ce ,co/] n only to ! same hon\r1 b to some?+ m2 = if ! e>lie/ acc\nt :i* we h ( him be true1 he 0 n only ! inv5tor ( typography1 b ( block-pr9t+ also4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( ,holl& 9 connexion ) ! inv5tion ( typography occurs 9 ! ,cologne ,*ronicle1 pr9t$ by ,john ,klh(f 9 #adii1 :]e9 x is said t ! fir/ idea ( ! art 0 sugge/$ by ! ,donatuses pr9t$ 9 ,holl&2 x be+ h[ev] expressly /at$ 9 ! same "w t ! art ( pr9t+ z !n practis$ 0 inv5t$ at ,m5tz4 ,9 a memor&um1 :i* has be5 ref]r$ to at page #abc1 writt5 by ,m>iangelus ,accursius1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #aecj1 ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ ) metal types is errone\sly ascrib$ to ,fau/2 & x is fur!r add$1 t he d]iv$ ! idea f a ,donatus pr9t$ 9 ,holl& f a wood-block4 ,t a ,donatus might be pr9t$ !re f a wood-block previ\s to ! inv5tion ( typography is nei!r impossible nor improbable2 al?\gh ,i e/eem ! te/imony ( ,accursius ( v little value4 ,he 0 born & resid$ 9 ,italy1 & x is n unlikely1 z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$1 t he might d]ive 8 in=mation f ! ,cologne ,*ronicle4 ,john ,van ,zuyr51 :o di$ 9 #aeid1 is said to h writt5 a book to prove t typography 0 inv5t$ at ,h>lem2 b x nev] 0 pr9t$1 & ! k t we h ( x is f c]ta9 fragm5ts ( x pres]v$ by ,scriv]ius1 a writ] ^: own uncorroborat$ te/imony on ?is subject is n entitl$ to ! slighte/ cr$it4 ,! sub/ance ( ,zuyr5's acc\nt is almo/ ! same z t ( ,junius1 except t he does n m5tion ! inv5tor's "n4 ,! art accord+ to him 0 inv5t$ at ,h>lem1 b t :ile yet 9 a rude & imp]fect /ate x 0 c>ri$ by a /rang] to ,m5tz1 & !re br\ght to p]fection4 ,!odore ,coornh]t1 9 ! d$ication ( 8 ,dut* translation ( ,tully's ,(fices to ! magi/rates ( ,h>lem1 pr9t$ 9 #aefa1 says t he _h frequ5tly he>d f respectable p t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 inv5t$ at ,h>lem1 & t ! h\se :]e ! inv5tor liv$ 0 po9t$ out to him4 ,he proce$s to relate t by ! di%one/y ( a workman ! art 0 c>ri$ to ,m5tz & !re p]fect$4 ,?\gh he says t he 0 in=m$ by c]ta9 respectable old m5 bo? ( ! inv5tor's "n & family1 yet1 = "s reason or o!r1 he is c>eful n to m5tion !m4 ,:5 he 0 in=m+ ! magi/rates ( ,h>lem ( _! city be+ ! nurse ( s fam\s a discov]y1 x is r /range t he %\ld n m5tion ! p>5t's "n4 ,f ! conclusion ( 8 d$ication we may guess :y he %\ld be l$ to m5tion ,h>lem z ! place :]e typography 0 inv5t$4 ,x appe>s t he & c]ta9 fri5ds ( 81 be+ inflam$ ) a patriotic _s1 design$ to e/abli% a new pr9t+-(fice at ,h>lem1 89 hon\r ( _! native city1 to ! pr(it ( o!rs1 & = _! own accommodation1 & yet )\t detrim5t to any p]son40 ,8 claim+ ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ = ,h>lem 0 a good adv]tisem5t = ! speculation4 ,! next writ] :o m5tions ,h>lem z ! place :]e pr9t+ 0 inv5t$ is ,guicci>d9i1 :o 9 8 ,description ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 fir/ pr9t$ at ,antw]p 9 #aefg1 gives ! report1 )\t v\*+ = its tru?1 z foll[s3 8,9 ?is place1 x appe>s1 n only f ! g5]al op9ion ( ! inhabitants & o!r ,holl&]s1 b f ! te/imony ( sev]al writ]s & f o!r memoirs1 t ! art ( pr9t+ & impress+ lett]s on pap] su* z is n[ practis$1 0 inv5t$4 ,! inv5tor dy+ be=e ! art 0 p]fect$ or _h come into repute1 8 s]vant1 z !y say1 w5t to live at ,m5tz1 :]e mak+ ?is new art kn[n1 he 0 joyfully receiv$2 & apply+ himself dilig5tly to s important a bus9ess1 he br\ght x to p]fection & into g5]al repute4 ,h5ce ! report has spread abroad & ga9$ cr$it t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 fir/ practis$ at ,m5tz4 ,:at tru? !re may be 9 ?is relation1 ,i am n able1 nor d ,i wi%1 to decide2 cont5t+ myself ) m5tion+ ! subject 9 a few words1 t ,i might n prejudice by my sil5ce ! claims ( ?is di/rict40,,iii-#eh ,footnote ,,iii-#eh3 ,ludovico ,guicci>d9i1 ,descrittione di tutti i ,paesi ,bassi3 folio1 ,anv]sa1 #aeha4 ,! orig9al passage is giv5 by ,me]man4 ,! orig9al words altre memorie--translat$ 9 ! above extract 8o!r memoirs0--are r5d]$ by ,mr4 ,ottley 8o!r records40 ,?is may pass2 b x sc>cely c be believ$ t ,guicci>d9i consult$ or p]sonally knew ( ! exi/5ce ( any su* records4 ,mr4 ,ottley also1 to mat* 8 8records10 ref]s to ! relations ( ,coornh]t1 ,zuyr51 ,guicci>d9i1 & ,junius z 8docum5ts40 ,x is evid5t t ! above acc\nt is giv5 f m]e report4 ,:at o!r writ]s _h previ\sly notic$ ! claims ( ,h>lem1 except ,coornh]t & ,zuyr51 rema9 yet to be discov]$4 ,!y appe> to h be5 unkn[n to ,guicci>d9i's contempor>y1 ,junius1 :o 0 ! fir/ to give a "n to ! ,h>lem inv5tor2 a 8local habitation0 _h already be5 provid$ = him by ,coornh]t4 ,! sole au?ority = "o ,lawr5ce ,co/] hav+ inv5t$ wood-engrav+1 block-pr9t+1 & typography1 is ,hadrian ,junius1 :o 0 born at ,horn 9 ,nor? ,holl&1 9 #aeaa4 ,he took up 8 abode at ,h>lem 9 #aefj4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 t city he comm5c$ 8 ,batavia1--! "w 9 :i* ! acc\nt ( ,co/] fir/ appe>$1--:i*1 f ! preface1 w\ld seem to h be5 f9i%$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aege4 ,he di$ ! #af? ,june 9 ! same ye>1 & 8 book 0 n publi%$ until #aehh1 twelve ye>s aft] 8 decease4,,iii-#ei ,9 ?is "w1 :i* is a topographical & hi/orical acc\nt ( ,holl&1 or m prop]ly ( ! c\ntry includ$ )9 ! limits ( anci5t ,batavia1 we f9d ! fir/ acc\nt ( ,lawr5ce ,co/] z ! inv5tor ( typography4 ,almo/ e succe$+ advocate ( ,co/]'s pret5sions has tak5 ! lib]ty ( alt]+1 amplify+1 or contradict+ ! acc\nt ( ,junius accord+ z x might suit 8 own l9e ( argum5t2 b n "o ( !m has be5 able to produce a s+le solit>y fact 9 confirmation ( x4 ,scriv]ius1 ,seiz1 ,me]man1 & ,kon+ are f]tile 9 _! conjectures ab\t ! ?ief t /ole ,co/]'s types1 b !y are mis]ably b>r5 9 _! pro(s ( 8 hav+ _h types to be /ol54 8,if ! v>iety ( op9ions10 obs]ves ,naude1 speak+ ( ,co/]'s inv5tion1 8may be tak5 z an indication ( ! falsehood ( any !ory1 x is impossible t ?is %\ld be true04 ,s9ce ,naude's "t ! numb] ( ,co/]'s advocates has be5 increas$ by ,seiz1 ,me]man1 & ,kon+2,,iii-#fj :o1 if !y h n be5 able to produce any evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ,lawr5ce ,co/] z a pr9t]1 h at lea/ be5 f]tile 9 conjectures respect+ ! ?ief4 ,!y h n /r5g!n$ b weak5$ ! ,co/]ian triumphal ar* rais$ by ,junius1 = !y h all m or less knock$ a piece ( x away2 & ev5 :]e !y h pret5d$ to make repairs1 x has m]ely be5 8"o nail driv+ ano!r out40 ,footnote ,,iii-#ei3 ,junius 0 a physician1 & unque/ionably a le>n$ man4 ,he is ! au?or ( a nom5clator 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,dut*1 & ,fr5*4 ,an edition1 ) ! ,engli% synonyms1 by ,john ,hig9s & ,abraham ,flem+1 0 pr9t$ at ,london 9 #aehe4 ,! foll[+ passage conc]n+ ,junius occurs 9 ,s\!y's ,biographical ,sket* ( ! ,e>l ( ,surrey 9 ! 8,select ,works ( ! ,briti% ,poets f ,*auc] to ,jonson30 8,surrey is next f\nd di/+ui%+ himself at ! siege ( ,l&recy4 ,at t siege ,bonn]1 :o 0 aft]w>ds s em95tly infam\s1 invit$ ,hadrian ,junius to ,engl&4 ,:5 t di/+ui%$ s*ol> arriv$1 ,bonn] want$ ei!r ! means1 or m probably ! he>t1 to assi/ him2 b ,surrey took him into 8 family 9 ! capacity ( physician1 & gave him a p5sion ( fifty angels40 ,footnote ,,iii-#fj3 ,kon+'s ,diss]tation on ! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+1 :i* 0 cr[n$ by ! ,society ( ,sci5ces ( ,h>lem1 0 fir/ pr9t$ at ,h>lem 9 ! ,dut* language 9 #ahaf4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds abridg$ & translat$ into ,fr5* ) ! approbation1 & "u ! revision1 ( ! au?or4 ,9 #ahag he publi%$ a fir/ supplem5t2 & a second appe>$ 9 #ahbj4 ,junius's acc\nt ( ,co/] is suppos$ to h be5 writt5 ab\t #aefh2 & 9 ord] to d ju/ice to ! claims ( ,h>lem ,i %all "h give a fai?ful translation ( ! 8docum5t10--accord+ to ,mr4 ,ottley1--^u :i* !y are f\nd$4 ,aft] allud+1 9 a prelim9>y rhetorical fl\ri%1 to ,tru? be+ ! daught] ( ,"t1 & to h] be+ conceal$ 9 a well1 ,junius ?us proce$s to draw h] out4 8,if he is ! be/ witness1 z ,plut>* says1 :o1 b\nd by no fav\r & l$ by no p>tiality1 freely & fe>lessly speaks :at he ?9ks1 my te/imony may des]v$ly claim att5tion4 ,i h no connexion ?r\gh k9dr$ ) ! deceas$1 8 heirs1 or 8 po/]ity1 & ,i expect on ?is acc\nt nei!r fav\r nor rew>d4 ,:at ,i h done is p]=m$ ?r\gh a reg>d to ! memory ( ! dead4 ,i %all !re=e relate :at ,i h he>d f old & respectable p]sons :o h held (fices 9 ! city1 & :o s]i\sly affirm$ t !y _h he>d :at !y told f _! eld]s1 ^: au?ority ought ju/ly to entitle !m to cr$it40 ,ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty-eight ye>s ago1,,iii-#fa ,lawr5ce ,john1 call$ ! *ur*w>d5 or keep]1,,iii-#fb f ! pr(itable & hon\rable (fice :i* 8 family held by h]$it>y "r1 dwelt 9 a l>ge h\se1 :i* is yet /&+ entire1 opposite ! ,royal ,palace4 ,?is is ! p]son :o n[ on ! mo/ sacr$ gr\nd ( "r puts =? 8 claims to ! hon\r ( hav+ inv5t$ typography1 an hon\r s nef>i\sly obta9$ & possess$ by o!rs4 ,walk+ 9 a neighb\r+ wood1 z citiz5s are accu/om$ to d aft] d9n] & on holidays1 he began to cut lett]s ( bee*-b>k1 ) :i* = amusem5t1 ! lett]s be+ inv]t$ z on a seal1 he impress$ %ort s5t5ces on pap] = ! *ildr5 ( 8 son-9-law4 ,hav+ succe$$ s well 9 ?is1 he began to ?9k ( m important und]tak+s1 = he 0 a %rewd & +5i\s man2 &1 9 conjunction ) 8 son-9-law ,?omas ,pet]1 he discov]$ a m glut9\s & t5aci\s k9d ( ink1 z he f\nd f exp]i5ce t ! ink 9 common use occasion$ blots4 ,?is ,?omas ,pet] left f\r sons1 all ( :om 7 magi/rates2 & ,i m5tion ?is t all may "k t ! art d]iv$ its orig9 f a respectable & n f a mean family4 ,he !n pr9t$ :ole figur$ pages ) ! text add$4 ,( ?is k9d ,i h se5 specim5s execut$ 9 ! infancy ( ! art1 be+ pr9t$ only on "o side4 ,?is 0 a book compos$ 9 our native language by an anonym\s au?or1 & entitl$ ,speculum ,no/r ,salutis4 ,9 ?is we may obs]ve t 9 ! fir/ productions ( ! art--= no inv5tion is imm$iately p]fect$--! blank pages 7 pa/$ toge!r1 s t !y might n appe> z a defect4 ,he aft]w>ds ex*ang$ 8 bee* types = lead5 ones1 & subsequ5tly he =m$ 8 types ( t91 z be+ less flexible & ( great] durability4 ,( ! rema9s ( ^! types c]ta9 old w9e-vessels 7 ca/1 :i* are /ill pres]v$ 9 ! h\se =m]ly ! resid5ce ( ,lawr5ce1 :i*1 z ,i h said1 looks into ! m>ket-place1 & :i* 0 aft]w>ds inhabit$ by 8 great-gr&son ,g]>d ,?omas1 a citiz5 ( repute1 :o di$ an old man a few ye>s ago4 ,footnote ,,iii-#fa3 ,reckon+ f #aefh1 ! p]iod ref]r$ to w\ld be #addj4 ,footnote ,,iii-#fb3 8dituus ,cu/osve40 ,! ^w 8,ko/]0 9 mod]n ,dut* is synonym\s ) ! ,engli% 8,sexton40 8,! new inv5tion be+ well receiv$1 & a new & unhe>d-( commodity f9d+ on all sides pur*as]s1 to ! great pr(it ( ! inv5tor1 he became m devot$ to ! art1 8 bus9ess 0 increas$1 & new workm5--! fir/ cause ( 8 mis=tune--7 employ$4 ,among !m 0 "o call$ ,john2 b :e!r1 z is suspect$1 he bore ! om9\s surname ( ,fau/1--infau/us,,iii-#fc & unfai?ful to 8 ma/]--or :e!r x 7 "s o!r ,john1 ,i %all n lab\r to prove1 z ,i d n wi% to di/urb ! dead already endur+ ! pangs ( consci5ce = :at !y _h done :5 liv+4,,iii-#fd ,?is p]son1 :o 0 admitt$ "u an oa? to assi/ 9 pr9t+1 z soon z he ?\ght he _h atta9$ ! art ( jo9+ ! lett]s1 a k ( ! fusile types1 & o!r matt]s connect$ ) ! bus9ess1 embrac+ ! conv5i5t opportunity ( ,*ri/mas ,eve1 :5 all p]sons are accu/om$ to att5d to _! devotions1 /ole all ! types & convey$ away all ! ut5sils :i* 8 ma/] _h contriv$ by 8 own skill2 & !n leav+ home ) ! ?ief1 fir/ w5t to ,am/]dam1 !n to ,cologne1 & la/ly to ,m5tz1 z 8 alt> ( refuge1 :]e be+ safely settl$1 beyond b[%ot z !y say1 he might comm5ce bus9ess1 & !nce d]ive a ri* pr(it f ! ?+s :i* he _h /ol54 ,)9 ! space ( a ye> f ,*ri/mas1 #addb1 x is c]ta9 t !re appe>$ pr9t$ ) ! types :i* ,lawr5ce _h us$ at ,h>lem #8,alex&ri ,galli ,doctr9ale1' a gramm> !n 9 frequ5t use1 ) #8,petri ,hispani ,tractatus4' ,footnote ,,iii-#fc3 8,sive is 7ut f]t suspicio7 ,fau/us fu]it om9oso cognom9e1 h]o suo infidus et infau/us40 ,! au?or "h indulges 9 an om9\s pun4 ,! ,lat9is$ "n 8,fau/us10 signifies lucky2 ! ^w 8infau/us10 unlucky4 ,! ,g]man "n ,f/ may be lit]ally translat$ 8,fi/40 ,a cl5*$ h& is ! cre/ ( ! family ( ,fau/4 ,footnote ,,iii-#fd3 ,?is is an admirable in/ance ( c&\r4 ,a *>ge is ins9uat$1 & presum$ to be a fact1 & yet ! writ] k9dly =be>s to br+ =w>d pro(1 t he may n di/urb ! dead4 ,hi/ory has long s9ce giv5 ! lie to ! ins9uation ( ! ?ief hav+ be5 ,fau/4 8,! above is ne>ly :at ,i h he>d f old m5 wor?y ( cr$it :o _h receiv$ ! tradition z a %9+ tor* transf]r$ f h& to h&1 & ,i h he>d ! same relat$ & affirm$ by o!rs4 ,i rememb] be+ told by ,ni*olas ,galius1 ! in/ructor ( my y\?1--a man ( iron memory1 & v5]able f 8 long :ite hair1--t :5 a boy he _h (t5 he>d "o ,cornelius1 a bookb9d]1 n less ?an eighty ye>s old 7:o _h be5 an assi/ant 9 ! same (fice71 relate ) su* excit$ feel+s ! :ole transaction1--! occasion ( ! inv5tion1 its progress1 & p]fection1 z he _h he>d ( !m f 8 ma/]1--t z (t5 z he came to ! /ory ( ! robb]y he w\ld bur/ into te>s2 & !n ! old man's ang] w\ld be s r\s$ on acc\nt ( ! hon\r t _h be5 lo/ ?r\gh ! !ft1 t he appe>$ z if he c\ld h hang$ ! ?ief _h he be5 alive2 & !n aga9 he w\ld v[ p]dition on 8 sacrilegi\s head1 & curse ! nights t he _h slept 9 ! same b$ ) him1 = ! old man _h be5 8 b$fell[ = "s mon?s4 ,?is does n diff] f ! words ( ,quir9us ,talesius1 :o admitt$ to me t he _h =m]ly receiv$ ne>ly ! same acc\nt f ! m\? ( ! same booksell]40,,iii-#fe ,footnote ,,iii-#fe3 ,hadriani ,junii ,batavia1 p4 #bec1 et sequ5t4 ,edit4 ,ludg4 ,batavor4 #aehh4 ,z ,junius di$ upw>ds ( twelve ye>s be=e 8 book 0 publi%$1 x is d\btful :e!r ! above acc\nt 0 actually writt5 by him or n4 ,x may h be5 an int]polation ( an editor or a booksell] anxi\s = ! hon\r ( ,h>lem1 & :o might ?us expect to ga9 curr5cy = ! /ory by giv+ x to ! _w "u ! sanction ( ,junius's "n4 ,!re 0 also ano!r advantage att5d+ ?is mode ( publication2 = z ! reput$ writ] 0 dead1 he c\ld n be call$ on to answ] ! _m objections :i* rema9 yet unexpla9$4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,co/]1 accord+ to ! prec$+ acc\nt1 fir/ discov]$ ! pr9ciple ( obta9+ impressions f sep>ate lett]s =m$ ( ! b>k ( ! bee*-tree requires no rem>k4,,iii-#ff ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r p>ts ( ?is n>rative :i* m especially =ce !mselves on ! att5tion z be+ at v>iance ) reason z well z fact4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ff3 ,scriv]ius--^: book 0 pr9t$ 9 #afbh--?9k+ t !re might be "s objection rais$ to ! lett]s ( bee*-b>k1 ?us1 accord+ to 8 own fancy1 am5ds ! acc\nt ( ,cornelius z giv5 by ,junius3 8,co/] walk+ 9 ! wood pick$ up a small b\gh ( a bee*1 or r ( an oak-tree bl[n (f by ! w9d2 & aft] amus+ himself ) cutt+ "s lett]s on x1 wrapp$ x up 9 pap]1 & aft]w>ds laid himself d[n to sleep4 ,:5 he awoke1 he p]ceiv$ t ! pap]1 by a %[] ( ra9 or "s accid5t hav+ got moi/1 _h receiv$ an impression f ^! lett]s2 :i* induc$ him to pursue ! accid5tal discov]y40 ,?is is m imag9ative ?an ! acc\nt ( ,cornelius1 b sc>cely m probable4 ,co/]1 we are in=m$1 liv$ 9 a l>ge h\se1 &1 at ! "t ( 8 engag+ ! workman :o robb$ him1 he _h br\ght ! art to su* p]fection t he d]iv$ f x a great pr(it2 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! dem& = ! new commodity1 :i* 0 eag]ly s\ght aft] by pur*as]s1 he 0 oblig$ to increase 8 e/abli%m5t & engage assi/ants4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t ! exi/5ce ( su* an art mu/ h be5 well kn[n1 al?\gh its details might be kept secret4 ,co/]1 we are also in=m$1 0 ( a respectable family2 8 gr&-*ildr5 7 m5 ( au?ority 9 ! city1 & a great-gr&son ( 8 di$ only a few ye>s be=e ,junius wrote1 & yet n "o ( 8 fri5ds or desc5dants made any compla9t ( ! loss :i* ,co/] _h su/a9$ bo? 9 prop]ty & fame4 ,_! apa?y1 h[ev]1 0 comp5sat$ by ! ard\r ( old ,cornelius1 :o us$ to %$ involunt>y te>s :5ev] ! !ft 0 m5tion$2 & us$ to heap bitt] curses on ! head ( ! ?ief z (t5 z he ?\ght ( ! glory ( :i* ,co/] & ,h>lem _h be5 s villan\sly depriv$4 ,x is c]ta9ly v s+ul> t a p]son ( respectability & au?ority %\ld be robb$ ( 8 mat]ials & depriv$ ( ! hon\r ( ! inv5tion1 & yet nei!r himself nor any "o ( 8 k9dr$ publicly d5\nce ! ?ief2 m especially z ! place :]e he _h e/abli%$ himself 0 kn[n1 & :]e 9 conjunction ) o!rs he _h ! frontless audacity to claim ! hon\r ( ! inv5tion4 ,( ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 8 inv5tion1 & 8 loss1 ! _w knew no?+ until he _h be5 ne>ly a hundr$ & fifty ye>s 9 8 grave4 ,! presum$ writ] ( ! acc\nt :i* _h to d ju/ice to 8 memory _h be5 also twelve ye>s dead :5 8 book 0 publi%$4 ,8 in=mation1 :i* he receiv$ :5 he 0 a boy1 0 d]iv$ f an old man :o :5 a boy _h he>d x f ano!r old man :o liv$ ) ,co/] at ! "t ( ! robb]y1 & :o _h he>d ! acc\nt ( ! inv5tion f 8 ma/]4 ,su* is ! li/ ( ! ,h>lem witnesses4 ,if ,junius _h produc$ any evid5ce on ! au?ority ( ,co/]'s great-gr&son t any ( 8 pr$ecessors--8 fa!r or 8 gr&fa!r--_h c>ri$ on ! bus9ess ( a pr9t] at ,h>lem1 ?is might 9 "p h corroborat$ ! n>rative ( ,cornelius2 b1 ?\gh subsequ5t advocates ( ! claims ( ,h>lem h ass]t$ t ,co/]'s gr&-*ildr5 cont9u$ ! pr9t+ bus9ess1 no book or docum5t has be5 discov]$ to e/abli% ! fact4 ,! acc\nt ( ,cornelius involves a contradiction :i* _c be easily expla9$ away4 ,if ! ?ief /ole ! :ole or great] "p ( ,co/]'s pr9t+ mat]ials1--types & press & all1 z ! n>rative seems to imply1--x is difficult to conceive h[ he c\ld d s )\t be+ discov]$1 ev5 ?\gh ! "t *os5 7 ,*ri/mas ,eve2 = on an occasion :5 all or mo/ p 7 engag$ at _! devotions1 ! fact ( two p]sons be+ employ$ w\ld 9 itself be a suspici\s circum/ance3 a t5ant ) a small /ock ( furniture :o wi%$ to make a 8moonlight flitt+0 w\ld mo/ likely be /opp$ if he attempt$ to remove 8 goods on a ,sunday night4 ,z ! di%one/ workman _h an assi/ant1 :o is r unacc\ntably call$ 8! ?ief10 x is evid5t f ?is circum/ance1 z well z f ! express words ( ! n>rative1,,iii-#fg t ! quantity ( mat]ials /ol5 mu/ h be5 consid]able4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! ?ief only c>ri$ away a portion ( ! types & matrices1 ) a few o!r in/rum5ts1--8all t c\ld be mov$ )\t manife/ dang] ( imm$iate detection10 to use ! words ( ,mr4 ,ottley1--:at 0 !re to prev5t ,co/] f cont9u+ ! bus9ess ( pr9t+8 ,did he give up ! lucrative trade :i* he _h e/abli%$1 & disappo9t 8 num]\s cu/om]s1 because a di%one/ workman _h /ol5 a few ( 8 types8 ,b ev5 if e lett] & matrice _h be5 /ol51--?\gh h[ likely ?is is to be true ,i %all leave e "o conv]sant ) typography to decide1--0 ! loss irrep>able1 & c\ld ?is 8%rewd & +5i\s man0 n recon/ruct ! types & o!r pr9t+ mat]ials :i* he _h orig9ally contriv$8 ,footnote ,,iii-#fg3 8,*oragium omne typorum involat1 in/rum5torum h]ilium ei artificio comp>atorum suppelectilem convasat1 de9de cum fure domo se proripit40--,h4 ,junii ,batavia1 p4 #bee4 ,if ! bus9ess ( ,co/] 0 cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly1 & aft] 8 dea? c>ri$ on by 8 gr&-*ildr51 we might naturally expect t "s ( ! works :i* !y pr9t$ c\ld be produc$1 & t "s record ( _! hav+ practis$ su* an art at ,h>lem w\ld be 9 exi/5ce4 ,! records ( ,h>lem are h[ev] sil5t on ! subject2 no m5tion is made by any contempor>y au?or1 nor 9 any contempor>y docum5t1 ( ,co/] or 8 desc5dants z pr9t]s 9 t city2 & no book pr9t$ by !m has be5 discov]$ except by p]sons :o decide ^u ! subject z if !y 7 end[$ ) ! faculty ( intuitive discrim9ation4 ,if ,co/]'s bus9ess _h be5 susp5d$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! robb]y1 8 cu/om]s1 f all p>ts1 :o eag]ly pur*as$ ! 8new commodity10 mu/ h be5 aw>e ( ! circum/ance2 & to suppose t x %\ld n h be5 m5tion$ by "s old writ]1 & t ! claims ( ,co/] %\ld h la9 dormant = a c5tury & a half1 exce$s my p[]s ( belief4 ,:]e pret5d$ tru? c only be p]ceiv$ by clos+ ! eyes ( reason ,i am cont5t to rema9 ignorant2 nor d ,i wi% to tru/ myself to ! unsafe bridge ( conjecture--a rott5 plank )\t a h&-rail1-- 8,o'er :i* lame fai? leads und]/&+ bl9d40 ,if all ,co/]'s types _h be5 /ol5 & he _h n suppli$ himself ) new ones1 x w\ld be difficult to acc\nt = ! w9e vessels :i* 7 ca/ f ! old types2 & if he or 8 heirs cont9u$ to pr9t subsequ5t to ! robb]y1 all t 8 advocates _h to compla9 ( 0 ! !ft4 ,= s9ce x mu/ h be5 well kn[n t he _h discov]$ & practis$ ! art1 at lea/ t5 ye>s previ\s to its kn[n e/abli%m5t at ,m5tz1 & sev5te5 ye>s be=e a book appe>$ ) ! "n ( ! pr9t]s claim+ ! hon\r ( ! inv5tion1 ! greate/ injury :i* he receiv$ mu/ h be5 f 8 fell[ citiz5s2 :o p]v]sely & wilfully w\ld n recollect 8 previ\s discov]y & d ju/ice to 8 claims4 ,ev5 suppos+ t a ?ief _h /ol5 ! :ole ( ,co/]'s pr9t+-mat]ials1 types1 *ases1 & presses1 x by no means foll[s t he depriv$ ( _! memory n only all ! citiz5s ( ,h>lem1 b all ,co/]'s cu/om]s :o came f o!r places,,iii-#fh to pur*ase ! 8new commodity0 :i* 8 press suppli$4 ,su* h[ev] mu/ h be5 ! consequ5ces ( ! robb]y1 if ! n>rative ( ,cornelius 7 true2 = except himself no p]son seems to h rememb]$ ,co/]'s inv5tion1 or t ei!r he or 8 imm$iate desc5dants _h ev] pr9t$ a s+le book4 ,footnote ,,iii-#fh3 84 4 4 4 4 quum nova m]x1 nunquam antea visa1 emptores undique exciret cum hub]rimo que/u40--,junii ,batavia4 ,not)/&+ ! int]nal evid5ce ( ! improbability ( ,cornelius's acc\nt ( ,co/] & 8 inv5tion1 its claims to cr$ibility are /ill fur!r weak5$ by ^? p]sons :o h %[n !mselves mo/ wi%ful to e/abli% its tru?4 ,lawr5ce ,janszoon1 :om ,me]man & o!rs suppose to h be5 ! p]son describ$ by ,cornelius z ! inv5tor ( pr9t+1 appe>s to h be5 cu/os ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,bavon at ,h>lem 9 ! ye>s #adbc1 #adbf1 #adcb & #adcc4 ,8 dea? is plac$ by ,me]man 9 #addj2 & z1 accord+ to ! n>rative ( ,cornelius1 ! types & o!r pr9t+ mat]ials 7 /ol5 on ,*ri/mas eve #adda1 ! inv5tor ( typography mu/ h be5 9 8 grave at ! "t ! robb]y 0 committ$4 ,cornelius mu/ h kn[n ( 8 ma/]'s dea?1 & yet 9 8 acc\nt ( ! robb]y he makes no m5tion ( ,co/] be+ dead at ! "t1 nor ( ! bus9ess be+ c>ri$ on by 8 desc5dants aft] 8 decease4 ,x 0 at "o "t suppos$ t ,co/] di$ ( grief on ! loss ( 8 types1 & on acc\nt ( ! ?ief claim+ ! hon\r ( ! inv5tion4 ,b ?is x seems is a mi/ake2 he 0 dead accord+ to ,me]man at ! "t ( ! robb]y1 & ! bus9ess 0 c>ri$ on by 8 gr&*ildr54 ,kon+ has discov]$ t ,cornelius ! bookb9d] di$ 9 #aebb1 ag$ at lea/ n9ety ye>s4 ,all[+ him to h be5 n9ety-two1 ?is assi/ant 9 ,co/]'s pr9t+ e/abli%m5t1 & :o le>nt ! acc\nt ( ! inv5tion & improvem5t ( ! art f ,co/] himself1 mu/ h be5 j t5 ye>s old :5 8 ma/] di$2 & yet ^u ! improbable & uncorroborat$ te/imony ( ?is p]son are ! claims ( ,co/] f\nd$4 ,lehne1 9 8 8,*ronology ( ! ,h>lem fiction10,,iii-#fi ?us rem>ks on ! au?orities1 ,galius1 & ,talesius1 ref]r$ to by ,junius z evid5ces ( its tru?4 ,z ,cornelius 0 upw>ds ( eighty :5 he relat$ ! /ory to ,ni*olas ,galius1 :o 0 !n a boy1 ?is mu/ h happ5$ ab\t #aeaj4 ,! boy ,galius we w suppose to h be5 at t "t ab\t fifte5 ye>s old3 ,junius 0 born 9 #aeaa1 & we w suppose t he 0 "u ! c>e ( ,ni*olas ,galius1 ! in/ructor ( 8 y\?1 until he 0 fifte52 t is1 until #aebf4 ,9 ?is ye> ,galius1 ! man v5]able f 8 grey hairs1 w\ld be only ?irty-six ye>s old1 an age at :i* grey hairs are premature4 ,grey hairs are only v5]able 9 old age1 & x is n usual to praise a "y man's faculty ( recollection 9 ! /yle 9 :i* ,junius lauds ! 8iron memory0 ( 8 tea*]4 ,talesius1 z ,kon+ /ates1 0 born 9 #aeje1 & consequ5tly six ye>s old] ?an ,junius2 & on ! dea? ( ,cornelius1 9 #aebb1 he w\ld be sev5te51 & ,junius elev5 ye>s old4 ,junius might 9 8 elev5? ye> h he>d ! :ole acc\nt f ,cornelius himself 9 ! same mann] z ! latt] :5 only t5 mu/ h he>d x f ,co/]2 & x is rem>kable t ,galius :o 0 s well acqua9t$ ) ,cornelius did n af=d 8 pupil ! opportunity4 ,we ?us p]ceive t 9 ! :ole ( ?is affair *ildr5 & old m5 play ! pr9cipal p>ts1 & bo? ages are prov]bially addict$ to n>ratives :i* sav\r ( ! m>vell\s4 ,footnote ,,iii-#fi3 ,9 8,e9ige ,bem]kung5 b] das ,unt]nehm5 d] gelehrt5 ,gesells*aft zu ,h>lem10 c4 ,s4 #ca4 ,me]man1 writ+ to 8 correspond5t ,wag5a> 9 #ageg1 expresses 8 utt] disbelief 9 ! /ory ( ,co/] be+ ! inv5tor ( typography1 :i*1 he obs]ves1 0 daily los+ cr$it3 :atev] hi/orical evid5ce ,seiz _h br\ght =w>d 9 fav\r ( ,co/] 0 gratuit\sly assum$2 9 %ort1 ! :ole /ory ( ! inv5tion 0 a fiction4,,iii-#gj ,aft] ! publication ( ,s*pfl9's ,v9dici ,typographic 9 #agfj1 giv+ pro(s ( ,gutemb]g hav+ be5 engag$ 9 #adch ) "s inv5tion relat+ to pr9t+1 & 9 :i* a press 0 employ$1 ,me]man appe>s to h receiv$ a new light2 = 9 #agfe he publi%$ 8 own "w 9 support ( ! v /ory :i* he _h previ\sly decl>$ to be undes]v+ ( cr$it4 ,! m]e *ange1 h[ev]1 ( a writ]'s op9ions _c alt] ! immutable "* ( tru?2 & ! guesses & assumptions ) :i* he may endeav\r to gloss a fiction c nev] give to x ! solidity ( fact4 ,:at he has said ( ! "w ( ,seiz 9 support ( ,co/]'s claims may ) equal tru? be appli$ to 8 own argum5ts 9 ! same cause3 8,:atev] hi/orical evid5ce he has br\ght =w>d 9 fav\r ( ,co/] has be5 gratuit\sly assum$40 ,me]man's "w1 l ! /ory :i* x 0 writt5 to support1 8is daily los+ cr$it40 ,x is a dang]\s book = an advocate ( ,co/] to quote2 = he has sc>cely advanc$ an argum5t 9 fav\r ( ,co/]1 & 9 pro( ( 8 /ol5 types be+ ! f\ndation ( typography at ,m5tz1 b :at is contradict$ by a positive fact4 ,footnote ,,iii-#gj3 ,sant&] has publi%$ a ,fr5* translation ( ?is lett] 9 8 ,dictionnaire ,bibliographique1 tom4 i4 pp4 #ad-ah4 ,9 ord] to make ! docum5t>y evid5ce produc$ by ,s*pfl9 9 fav\r ( ,gutemb]g 9 "s degree correspond ) ! /ory ( ,cornelius1 ,junius's au?ority1 he has assum$ t ,gutemb]g _h an eld] bro!r also call$ ,john2 & t he 0 kn[n z ,gnsfleis* ! eld]1 :ile 8 y\ng] bro!r 0 call$ by way ( di/9ction ,gutemb]g4 ,9 support ( ?is assumption he ref]s to ,wimphel+1,,iii-#ga :o 9 "o place has call$ ! inv5tor ,gnsfleis*1 & 9 ano!r ,gutemb]g2 & he also supposes t ! two epitaphs :i* h be5 giv5 at page #add1 relate to two diff]5t p]sons4 ,! fir/1 inscrib$ by ,adam ,gel?aus to ! memory ( ,john ,gnsfleis*1 he concludes to h be5 int5d$ = ! eld] bro!r4 ,! second1 inscrib$ by ,ivo ,witti* to ! memory ( ,john ,gutemb]g1 he supposes to relate to ! y\ng] bro!r1 & to h be5 erect$ f a feel+ ( envy4 ,! fact ( ,gutemb]g be+ also nam$ ,gnsfleis* 9 sev]al contempor>y docum5ts1 is n all[$ to /& 9 ! way ( ,me]man's hypo!sis ( ! two 8bro!r ,johns10 :i* has be5 suppos$ to be corroborat$ by ! fact ( a ,john ,gnsfleis* ! ,eld] be+ actually ! contempor>y ( ,john ,gnsfleis* call$ also ,gutemb]g4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ga3 ,wimphel+1 :o 0 born at ,slet/adt 9 #adea1 ?us addresses ! inv5tor ( pr9t+1--^: "n1 ,gnsfleis*1 he ,lat9ises 8,ansic>us10--9 an epigram pr9t$ at ! end ( 8,memori ,m>silii ab ,+h510 #dto4 #adii4 8,felix ,ansic>e1 p] te ,g]mania felix ,omnibus 9 t]ris prmia laudis habet4 ,urbe ,mogunt9a1 div9o fulte ,joannes ,+5io1 primus imprimis re notas4 ,multum ,relligio1 multum tibi ,grca sophia1 ,et multum debet l+ua ,lat9a40 ,9 8 8,epitome ,r]um ,g]manic>um10 #aejb1 he says t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 discov]$ at ,/rasburg 9 #addj by a native ( t city1 :o aft]w>ds remov+ to ,m5tz !re p]fect$ ! art4 ,9 8 8,episcoporum ,arg5t95sium ,catalogus10 #aejh1 he says t pr9t+ 0 inv5t$ by a native ( ,/rasburg1 & t :5 ! inv5tor _h jo9$ "s o!r p]sons engag$ on ! same inv5tion at ,m5tz1 ! art 0 !re p]fect$ by "o ,john ,gnsfleis*1 :o 0 bl9d ?r\gh age1 9 ! h\se call$ ,gutemb]g1 9 :i*1 9 #aejh1 ! ,college ( ,ju/ice held its sitt+s4 ,wimphel+ does n seem to h kn[n t ,gnsfleis* 0 also call$ ,gutemb]g1 & t 8 fir/ attempts at pr9t+ 7 made 9 ,/rasburg4 ,hav+ ?us provid$ ,gutemb]g ) an eld] bro!r also nam$ ,john1 ,me]man proce$s to f9d him employm5t2 = at ! p]iod ( 8 writ+ mu* light _h be5 ?r[n on ! e>ly hi/ory ( pr9t+1 & no p]son 9 ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) ! subject c\ld believe t ,fau/ 0 ! ?ief :o /ole ,co/]'s types1 z _h be5 ins9uat$ by ,junius & affirm$ by ,boxhorn & ,scriv]ius4 ,gnsfleis* ! ,eld] is accord+ly s5t by ,me]man to ,h>lem1 & !re engag$ z a workman 9 ,lawr5ce ,co/]'s pr9t+ (fice4 ,x is ne$less to ask if !re be any pro( ( ?is3 ,me]man hav+ introduc$ a new "* into ! ,h>lem f>ce may claim ! "r ( employ+ him z he pleases4 ,z !re is evid5ce ( ,gutemb]g1 or ,gnsfleis* ! ,y\ng]1 be+ engag$ at ,/rasburg ab\t #adcf 9 "s exp]im5ts connect$ ) pr9t+1 & m5tion be+ made 9 ! same docum5ts ( ! fair ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 ,me]man s5ds him !re 9 #adce4 ,f ,aix-la-,*apelle1 z ! di/ance is n v great1 ,me]man makes him pay a visit to 8 eld] bro!r1 !n work+ z a pr9t] 9 ,co/]'s (fice at ,h>lem4 ,he ?us has an opportunity ( see+ ,co/]'s pr9t+ e/abli%m5t1 & ( ga9+ "s in=mation respect+ ! art1 & h5ce 8 attempts at pr9t+ at ,/rasburg 9 #adcf4 ,9 #adda he supposes t ,john ,gnsfleis* ! ,eld] /ole 8 ma/]'s types1 & pr9t$ ) !m1 at ,m5tz1 9 #addb1 8,alex&ri ,galli ,doctr9ale10 & 8,petri ,hispani ,tractatus10 z relat$ by ,junius4 ,z ?is trump]y /ory re/s solely on ! conjecture ( ! writ]1 x might be briefly dismiss$ = reconsid]ation :5 ! pro(s %\ld be produc$2 b z ,he9ek5,,iii-#gb has af=d$ ! means ( %[+ its utt] falsity1 x may p]haps be wor? :ile to notice "s ( ! facts produc$ by him respect+ ! family & proce$+s ( ,gutemb]g4 ,footnote ,,iii-#gb3 ,na*ri*t5 von ,kun/l]n und ,kun/-,sa*51 #ate4 ,!il1 ,s4 #bhf-bic4 ,john ,gnsfleis* ! ,eld]1 :om ,me]man makes ,gutemb]g's eld] bro!r1 0 desc5d$ f a bran* ( ! num]\s family ( ,gnsfleis*1 :i* 0 also kn[n by ! local names ( zum ,jung51 ,gut5b]g or ,gutemb]g1 & ,sorg5lo*4 ,?is p]son1 :om ,me]man engages z a workman ) ,co/]1 0 a man ( prop]ty2 & at ! "t t we are giv5 to und]/& he 0 resid+ at ,h>lem1 we h evid5ce ( 8 be+ m>ri$ & hav+ *ildr5 born to him at ,m5tz4 ,?is objection1 h[ev]1 c\ld easily be answ]$ by ! +5uity ( a ,dut* comm5tator1 :o1 z he has made ! husb& a ?ief1 w\ld f9d no difficulty 9 provid+ him ) a suitable wife4 ,he w\ld also be v likely to br+ =w>d ! presum$ misconduct ( ! wife 9 support ( 8 hypo!sis ( ! husb& be+ a ?ief4 ,john ,gnsfleis* ! ,eld] 0 m>ri$ to ,ketg91 daught] ( ,ni*olas ,jo/5h(] ( ,s*5k5b]g1 on ! ,?ursday aft] ,/4 ,agnes's day1 #adcg4 ,9 #adci 8 wife bore him a son nam$ ,mi*ael2 & 9 #addb ano!r son1 :o di$ 9 infancy4 ,9 #adda we h evid5ce ( 8 resid+ at ,m5tz2 = 9 t ye> 8 relation ,rudig] zum ,l&eck appe>$ be=e a judge to give ,gnsfleis* an ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 hav+ prop]ly dis*>g$ 8 duties z tru/ee1 & ( 8 hav+ deliv]$ up to ! said ,rudig] ! prop]ty left to him by 8 fa!r & "m4 ,t ,john ,gnsfleis* ! ,eld] pr9t$ 8,alex&ri ,galli ,doctr9ale10 & 8,petri ,hispani ,tractatus10 at ,m5tz 9 #addb ) ! types :i* he _h /ol5 f ,co/]1 is z improbable z e o!r "p ( ! /ory4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 n ! slighte/ reason to believe t ! works 9 "q 7 pr9t$ at ,m5tz 9 #addb1 or t any book 0 pr9t$ !re ) types until ne>ly eight ye>s aft] t p]iod4 ,9 opposition1 h[ev]1 to a ho/ ( hi/orical evid5ce we h ! ass]tion ( ,cornelius1 :o told ! tale to ,galius1 :o told x to ,junius1 :o told x to ! _w4 ,me]man's web ( sophi/ry & fiction hav+ be5 bru%$ away by ,he9ek51 a mod]n advocate ( ,co/]'s und]took to sp9 ano!r1 :i* has also be5 swept d[n by a ,g]man critic4 ,jacobus ,kon+1,,iii-#gc t[n-cl]k ( ,am/]dam1 hav+ le>nt f a docum5t pr9t$ by ,fis*]1 t ,gutemb]g _h a bro!r nam$ ,friele1 s5ds him to ,h>lem to "w ) ,co/]1 & makes him ! ?ief :o /ole ! types2 ?us copy+ ,me]man's plot1 & m]ely sub/itut+ ,gutemb]g's kn[n bro!r = ,john ,gnsfleis* ! ,eld]4 ,on ?is attempt ( ,kon+'s to make ! old sieve hold wat] by pla/]+ x ) 8 own mud1 ,lehne,,iii-#gd makes ! foll[+ rem>ks3-- 8,he gives up ! "n ( ,john1--al?\gh x might be suppos$ t old ,cornelius w\ld h kn[n ! "n ( 8 b$fell[ bett] ?an ,kon+1--& )\t hesitation *>ges ,gutemb]g's bro!r ) ! !ft4 ,9 ord] to flatt] ! va9-glory ( ! ,h>lem]s1 poor ,friele1 aft] he _h be5 ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s 9 8 grave1 is publicly accus$ ( robb]y on no o!r gr\nd ?an t ,mynhe] ,kon+ _h occasion = a ?ief4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 r un=tunate = ! cr$it ( ! /ory t ?is ,friele %\ld h be5 ! f\nd] ( "o ( ! fir/ families 9 ,m5tz1 ( ! ord] ( knigh?ood1 & possess$ ( great prop]ty bo? 9 ! city & ! neighb\rhood4 ,is x likely t ?is p]son %\ld h be5 engag$ z a workman 9 ! employm5t ( ! ,h>lem *ur*w>d51 & t he %\ld h robb$ him ( 8 types 9 ord] to convey !m to 8 bro!r1 :o !n liv$ at ,/rasburg1 & :o _h be5 engag$ 9 8 own inv5tion at lea/ ?ree ye>s be=e1 z is prov$ by ! process betwe5 him & ! ,drytzehns publi%$ by ,s*pfl98 ,f ?is specim5 ( insult+ & unju/ accusation on a subject ( lit]>y inquiry1 we may congratulate ! city ( ,am/]dam t ,mynhe] ,kon+ is b a law-writ] & n a judge1 %\ld he be n m j z a man ?an z an au?or40 ,footnote ,,iii-#gc3 ,9 a ,memoir on ! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+1 :i* 0 cr[n$ by ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,h>lem 9 #ahaf4 ,footnote ,,iii-#gd3 ,e9ige ,bem]kung51 c4 ,s4 #ah1 #ai4 ,9 a book ( old acc\nts belong+ to ! city ( ,h>lem1 & ext5d+ f ,april #adci to ,april #addj1 ,kon+ hav+ discov]$ at lea/ n9e entries ( exp5ses incurr$ on acc\nt ( mess5g]s despat*$ to ! ,ju/ice-,c\rt ( ,am/]dam1 he concludes t !re mu/ h be5 "s conf]5ce betwe5 ! judges ( ,h>lem & ,am/]dam on ! subject ( ,co/]'s robb]y4 ,!re is n a ^w m5tion$ 9 ! entries on :at acc\nt ! mess5g]s 7 despat*$1 b he decides t x mu/ h be5 on "s bus9ess connect$ ) ?is robb]y1 = ! fir/ mess5g] 0 despat*$ on ! la/ day ( ! ,*ri/mas holidays2 & ! ?ief1 accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ,junius1 made *oice ( ,*ri/mas-eve z ! mo/ likely opportunity = effect+ 8 purpose4 ,to ?is mo/ logical conclusion !re happ5s to be an objection1 :i* h[ev] ,mynhe] ,kon+ readily disposes (4 ,! fir/ mess5g] 0 despat*$ on ! la/ day ( ! ,*ri/mas holidays #adci1 & ! acc\nts t]m9ate 9 ,april #addj2 b accord+ to ! n>rative ( ,cornelius ! robb]y 0 committ$ on ,*ri/mas-eve #adda4 ,?is trifl+ discrepancy is h[ev] easily acc\nt$ = by ! fact ( ! ,dut* at t p]iod reckon+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> f ,ea/]1 & by suppos+1--z ! date is pr9t$ 9 num]als1--t ,junius might h writt5 #addb1 in/ead ( #adda1 z ! "t :5 ! two books appe>$ at ,m5tz pr9t$ ) ! /ol5 types1 & )9 a ye> aft] ! robb]y4 ,not)/&+ ?is satisfactory explanation !re /ill rema9s a trifl+ error to be rectifi$1 & x w d\btless give ! cle>-head$ advocate ( ,co/] v little tr\ble4 ,admitt+ t ! acc\nts are = ! ye> comm5c+ at ,ea/] #addj & end+ at ,ea/] #adda1 x is r difficult to compreh5d h[ !y %\ld conta9 any notice ( an ev5t :i* happ5$ at ! ,*ri/mas foll[+4 ,! ,h>lem scribe possibly might h ! gift ( see+ into futurity z cle>ly z ,mynhe] ,kon+ has ! gift ( see+ into ! pa/4 ,! argum5ts d]iv$ f pap]-m>ks :i* ,kon+ has advanc$ 9 fav\r ( ,co/] are n wor?y ( s]i\s notice4 ,he has f\nd1 z ,me]man did be=e him1 t "o ,lawr5ce ,janszoon 0 liv+ 9 ,h>lem betwe5 #adbj & #adcf1 & t 8 "n occurs )9 t p]iod z cu/os or w>d5 ( ,/4 ,bavon's *ur*4 ,z he is nev] call$ 8,co/]10 a "n acquir$ by ! family1 accord+ to ,junius1 9 consequ5ce ( ! (fice :i* !y enjoy$ by h]$it>y "r1 ! id5tity ( ,lawr5ce ,janszoon & ,lawr5ce ,co/] is by no means cle>ly e/abli%$2 & ev5 if x 71 ! sole evid5ce ( 8 hav+ be5 a pr9t] re/s on ! te/imony ( ,cornelius1 :o 0 sc>cely t5 ye>s old :5 ,lawr5ce ,janszoon di$4 ,! correctness ( ,cornelius's n>rative is que/ion$ bo? by ,me]man & ,kon+ :5ev] 8 /atem5ts d n accord ) _! !ory1 & yet !y require o!rs to believe ! mo/ incr$ible ( 8 ass]tions4 ,!y !mselves ?r[ d\bts on ! evid5ce ( _! own witness1 & yet require _! oppon5ts to receive z true 8 deposition on ! mo/ important po9t 9 dispute---t ,co/] inv5t$ typography previ\s to #adda1--;a po9t on :i* he is positively contradict$ by m ?an tw5ty au?ors :o wrote previ\s to #aejj2 & negatively by ! sil5ce ( ,co/]'s contempor>ies4 ,suppos+ t ! acc\nt ( ,cornelius _h be5 publi%$ 9 #adhh in/ead ( #aehh1 x w\ld be ( v little weight unless corroborat$ by ! te/imony ( o!rs :o mu/ h be5 z well aw>e ( ,co/]'s inv5tion z himself2 = ! sil5ce ( contempor>y writ]s on ! subject ( an important inv5tion or memorable ev5t1 w always be ( great] negative au?ority ?an ! unsupport$ ass]tion ( an individual :o :5 an old man pr(esses to relate :at he _h he>d & se5 :5 a boy4 ,if !re=e ! uncorroborat$ te/imony ( ,cornelius w\ld be s little wor?1 ev5 if publi%$ 9 #adhh1 ( :at value c x be pr9t$ 9 #aehh1 9 ! "n ( a p]son :o 0 !n dead1 & :o c\ld n be call$ on to expla9 ! discrepancies ( 8 "p ( ! n>rative8 ,:atev] might be ! orig9al value ( ,cornelius's te/imony1 x is det]iorat$ by ! *annel ?r\gh :i* x desc5ds to u4 ,he told x to a boy1 :o1 :5 an old man1 told x to ano!r boy1 :o :5 ne>ly sixty ye>s old ins]ts x 9 a book :i* he is writ+1 b :i* is n pr9t$ until twelve ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,x is s+ul> h[ ,mr4 ,ottley1 :o cont5ds = ! tru? ( ,papillon's /ory ( ! ,cunio1 & :o ma9ta9s t ! art ( engrav+ figures & text ^u wood 0 well kn[n & practis$ previ\s to #abhe1 %\ld believe ! acc\nt giv5 by ,cornelius ( ! orig9 ( ,co/]'s inv5tion4 ,if he does n believe ?is "p ( ! acc\nt1 ) :at consi/5cy c he require o!r p to give cr$it to ! re/8 ,) respect to ! orig9 & progress ( ! inv5tion1 ,cornelius 0 z likely to be correctly in=m$ z he 0 ) reg>d to ! !ft & ! e/abli%m5t ( pr9t+ at ,m5tz2 if !re=e ,co/]'s advocates !mselves e/abli% ! incorrectness ( 8 te/imony 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! /ory1 !y de/roy ! g5]al cr$ibility ( 8 evid5ce4 ,) respect to ! fragm5ts ( 8,alex&ri ,galli ,doctr9ale0 & 8,catonis ,di/i*a0 :i* h be5 discov]$1 pr9t$ ) ! same1 or simil> types z ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 no good argum5t c be f\nd$ on !m 9 support ( ,co/]'s claims1 al?\gh ! facts :i* !y e/abli% are decisive ( ! fallacy ( ,me]man's assumptions4 ,9 ord] to suit 8 own !ory1 he 0 pleas$ to ass]t t ! fir/ edition ( ! ,speculum 0 ! only "o ( t book pr9t$ by ,co/]1 & t x 0 pr9t$ ) wood5 types4 ,mr4 ,ottley has1 h[ev]1 %[n t ! edition :i* ,me]man & o!rs suppos$ to be ! fir/ 0 9 reality ! second2 & t ! presum$ second 0 unque/ionably ! fir/1 & t ! text 0 ?r\gh\t pr9t$ ) metal types by means ( a press4 ,x is ?us ! fate ( all ,co/]'s advocates t ! la/ %\ld always produce "s fact directly contradict+ 8 pr$ecessors' speculations1 b n "o confirmatory ( ! tru? ( ! /ory on :i* all _! argum5ts are bas$4 ,me]man que/ions ! accuracy ( ,cornelius z report$ by ,junius2 ,me]man's argum5ts are reject$ by ,kon+2 & ,mr4 ,ottley1 :o esp\ses ! same cause1 has f 8 dilig5t collation ( two diff]5t editions ( ! ,speculum af=d$ a conv9c+ pro( t on a mo/ mat]ial po9t all 8 pr$ecessors are wrong4 ,8 inquiries h e/abli%$ beyond a d\bt1 t ! text ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ,speculum 0 pr9t$ :olly ) metal types2 & t 9 ! second ! text 0 pr9t$ p>tly f metal types by means ( a press1 & p>tly f wood-blocks by means ( friction4 ,! ass]tion t ,co/] pr9t$ ! fir/ edition ) wood5 types1 & t 8 gr&sons & successors pr9t$ ! second edition ) types ( metal1 is ?us mo/ cle>ly refut$4 ,z no pr9t]'s "n has be5 discov]$ 9 any ( ! fragm5ts ref]r$ to1 x is unc]ta9 :]e or :5 !y 7 pr9t$4 ,x h[ev] seems m likely t !y 7 pr9t$ 9 ,holl& or ! ,l[ ,c\ntries ?an 9 ,g]many4 ,! presumption ( _! antiquity 9 consequ5ce ( _! r>ity is n a good gr\nd ( argum5t4 ,( an edition ( a 8,donatus10 pr9t$ by ,swe9heim & ,pann>tz1 betwe5 #adfe & #adgj1 & consi/+ ( ?ree hundr$ copies1 n "o is kn[n to exi/4 ,f sundry fragm5ts ( a 8,donatus10 embelli%$ ) ! same ornam5t$ small capitals z are us$ 9 ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt]1 ,fis*] 0 pleas$ to conjecture t ! book _h be5 pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ previ\s to #adee4 ,a copy1 h[ev]1 has be5 discov]$ be>+ ! impr9t ( ,s*eff]1 & pr9t$1 9 all probability1 subsequ5t to #adfg1 z x is 9 ?is ye> t ,s*eff]'s "n fir/ appe>s alone4 ,! 8,hi/oria ,alex&ri ,magni10 pret5d$ly pr9t$ ) wood5 types1 & ascrib$ by ,me]man to ,co/]1 0 pr9t$ by ,ketel> & ,leempt1 :o fir/ e/abli%$ a pr9t+-(fice at ,utre*t 9 #adgc4 ,john ,ens*$ius1 a lett]-f\nd] & pr9t] ( ,h>lem1 & a /r5u\s ass]tor ( ,co/]'s pret5sions1 discov]$ a v curi\s specim5 ( typography :i* he & o!rs h suppos$ to be ! id5tical 8%ort s5t5ces0 m5tion$ by ,junius z hav+ be5 pr9t$ by ,co/] = ! in/ruction ( 8 gr&-*ildr54 ,?is unique specim5 ( typography consi/s ( eight small pages1 ea* be+ ab\t "o in* & six-eigh?s high1 by "o & five-eigh?s wide1 pr9t$ on p>*m5t & on bo? sides4 ,! cont5ts are an alphabet2 ! ,"l's ,pray]2 ! ,cre$2 ! ,ave ,m>y2 & two %ort pray]s1 all 9 ,lat94 ,me]man has giv5 a fac-simile ( all ! eight pages 9 ! second volume ( 8 8,orig9es ,typographic20,,iii-#ge & if ?is be correct1 ,i am /rongly incl9$ to suspect t ?is s+ul> 8,hor>ium0 is a mod]n =g]y4 ,! lett]s are rudely =m$1 & ! %ape ( "s ( ! pages is irregul>2 b ! :ole appe>s to me r z an imitation ( rud5ess & a /udi$ irregul>ity1 ?an z ! fir/ essay ( an inv5tor4 ,!re are v few contractions 9 ! words2 & ?\gh ! lett]s are rudely =m$1 & !re are no po9ts1 yet ,i h se5 no e>ly specim5 ( typography :i* is s easy to read4 ,x is app>5t t ! pr9t]1 :oev] he might be1 did n =get t ! little manual 0 int5d$ = *ildr54 ,! lett]s ,i am positive c\ld n be ?us pr9t$ ) types =m$ ( bee*-b>k2 & ,i am fur!r ( op9ion t !y 7 n1 & c\ld n be1 pr9t$ ) moveable types ( wood4 ,i am also c]ta9 t1 :atev] might be ! mat]ial ( :i* ! types 7 =m$1 ^? lett]s c\ld only be pr9t$ on p>*m5t on bo? sides by means ( a press4 ,! mo/ /r5u\s ( ,co/]'s advocates h n v5tur$ to ass]t t he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! use ( metal types 9 #adbc1 ! pret5d$ date ( 8 fir/ pr9t+ %ort s5t5ces = ! use ( 8 gr&-*ildr51 nor h any ( !m sugge/$ t he us$ a press = ! purpose ( obta9+ impressions f 8 lett]s ( bee*-b>k2 h[ !n c x be pret5d$ ) any degree ( consi/5cy t ?is 8,hor>ium0 agrees exactly ) ! description ( ,cornelius8 ,x is said t ,ens*$ius discov]$ ?is s+ul> specim5 ( typography pa/$ 9 ! cov] ( an old book4 ,x is c]ta9ly su* a "o z he 0 mo/ wi%ful to f9d1 & :i* he 9 8 capacity ( typef\nd] & pr9t] w\ld f9d little difficulty 9 produc+4 ,i am firmly conv9c$ t x is nei!r pr9t$ ) wood5 types nor a specim5 ( e>ly typography2 on ! contr>y1 ,i suspect x to be a ,dut* typographic essay on popul> cr$ulity4 ,footnote ,,iii-#ge3 ,ens*$ius publi%$ a fac-simile himself1 ) ! foll[+ title3 8,afbeeld+ van 't ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 't ,pat] ,no/]1 ,ave ,m>ia1 't ,cr$o1 en ,ave ,salus ,mundi1 door ,laur5s ,janszoon1 te ,ha>lem1 t5 behoev5 van zyne do*t]s ,k9d]51 met beweegba>e ,lett]5 g$rukt1 en teff5s aangewees5 de groote d] ,/ukjes p]gam5t1 zek]lyk 't oud/e ov]blyfsel d] e]/e ,boekdrukk]y1 't welk als zulk e5 e]/el+ d] ,kon/ bewa>d ^w en b]u/ 9 de ,boek]y van ,joannes ,ens*$1 ,lett]giet] en ,boekdrukk] te ,ha>lem1 #agfh4--;,a4 ,j4 ,polak sculps4 ex orig9ali40 ,( all ! works :i* h be5 claim$ = ,co/]1 8 advocates h n succe$$ 9 mak+ out 8 title to a s+le "o2 & ! be/ evid5ce ( ! fallacy ( 8 claims is to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ^? p]sons by :om !y h be5 mo/ confid5tly ass]t$4 ,hav+ no !ory ( my own to support1 & hav+ no pr$ilection 9 fav\r ( ,gutemb]g1 ,i 0 long incl9$ to ?9k t !re might be "s rational f\ndation = ! claims :i* h be5 s confid5tly advanc$ 9 fav\r ( ,h>lem4 ,an exam9ation1 h[ev]1 ( ! presum$ pro(s & argum5ts adduc$ by ,co/]'s advocates has conv9c$ me t ! claims put =w>d on 8 behalf1 z ! inv5tor ( typography1 are unt5able4 ,!y h c]ta9ly discov]$ t a p]son ( ! "n ( ,lawr5ce ,janszoon 0 liv+ at ,h>lem betwe5 ! ye>s #adbj & #addj1 b !y h n be5 able to %[ any?+ 9 pro( ( ?is p]son ev] hav+ pr9t$ any book ei!r f wood-blocks or ) moveable types4 ,!re is inde$ reason to believe t at ! p]iod ref]r$ to !re 7 ?ree p]sons ( ! "n ( ,lawr5ce ,janszoon1--or ,fitz-,john1 z ! surname may be r5d]$2--b to :i* ( !m ! pret5d$ inv5tion is to be ascrib$ is a matt] ( d\bt4 ,at "o "t we f9d ! inv5tor describ$ z an illegitimate scion ( ! noble family ( ,br$]ode1 :i* 0 desc5d$ f ! anci5t sov]eigns ( ,holl&2 at ano!r he is said to h be5 call$ ,co/] 9 consequ5ce ( ! (fice ( cu/os or w>d5 ( ,/4 ,bavon's *ur* be+ h]$it>y 9 8 family2 & 9 a ?ird acc\nt we f9d ,lawr5ce ,janszoon figur+ z a promot] ( s$ition & "o ( ! lead]s ( a body ( riot]s4 ,! advocates = ! claims ( ,h>lem h br\ght =w>d e ,lawr5ce t !y c\ld f9d at t p]iod ^: fa!r's "n 0 ,john2 z if ! m !y c\ld produce ! m conclusive w\ld be ! pro( ( "o ( !m at lea/ be+ ! inv5tor ( pr9t+4 ,z ! books :i* are ascrib$ to ,co/] furni% positive evid5ce ( ! incorrectness ( ! /ory ( ,cornelius & ( ! comm5ts ( ,me]man2 & z records1 :i* are n[ matt]s ( hi/ory1 prove t nei!r ,gutemb]g nor ,fau/ /ole any types f ,co/] or 8 desc5dants1 ! next support] ( ! claims ( ,h>lem w h to beg9 de novo2 & le/ ! palm %\ld be aw>d$ to ! wrong ,lawr5ce ,janszoon1 he ought fir/ to asc]ta9 :i* ( !m is really ! h]o ( ! old bookb9d]'s tale4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,wood ,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,connexion ,,) ,,! ,,press4 ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt] ( #adeg -- ,pr9t+ at ,bamb]g 9 #adfa -- ,books ,conta9+ ,wood-,cuts ,pr9t$ !re by ,alb]t ,pfi/] -- ,opposition ( ! ,wood ,engrav]s ( ,augsburg to ! ,e>lie/ ,pr9t]s ,e/abli%$ 9 t ,city -- ,travell+ ,pr9t]s -- ,wood-,cuts 9 8,m$itationes ,johannis ,de ,turre-,cremata10 ,rome1 #adfg2 & 9 8,valturius ,de ,re ,milit>i10 ,v]ona1 #adgb -- ,wood-,cuts ,frequ5t 9 ,books ,pr9t$ at ,augsburg ,betwe5 #adgd & #adhj -- ,wood-,cuts 9 ,books ,pr9t$ by ,caxton -- ,maps ,engrav$ on ,wood1 #adhb -- ,progress ( ,map ,engrav+ -- ,cross-,hat*+ -- ,fl[]$ ,bord]s -- ,hortus ,sanitatis -- ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle -- ,wood ,engrav+ 9 ,italy -- ,poliphili ,hypn]otoma*ia -- ,decl9e ( ,block-,pr9t+ -- ,old ,wood-,cuts 9 ,d]s*au's ,collection4 ,consid]+ ,gutemb]g z ! inv5tor ( pr9t+ ) moveable types2 t 8 fir/ attempts 7 made at ,/rasburg ab\t #adcf2 & t ) ,fau/'s money & ,s*eff]'s +5uity ! art 0 p]fect$ at ,m5tz ab\t #adeb1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to trace ! progress ( wood engrav+ 9 its connexion ) ! press4 ,9 ! fir/ book :i* appe>$ ) a date & ! pr9t]s' names--! ,psalt] pr9t$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff]1 at ,m5tz1 9 #adeg--! l>ge initial lett]s1 engrav$ on wood & pr9t$ 9 r$ & blue ink1 are ! mu/ beautiful specim5s ( ?is k9d ( ornam5t :i* ! unit$ ef=ts ( ! wood-engrav] & ! pressman h produc$4 ,!y h be5 imitat$ 9 mod]n times1 b n excell$4 ,z !y are ! fir/ lett]s1 9 po9t ( "t1 pr9t$ ) two col\rs1 s are !y likely to cont9ue ! fir/ 9 po9t ( excell5ce4 ,only sev5 copies ( ! ,psalt] ( #adeg are kn[n1 & !y are all pr9t$ on vellum4 ,al?\gh !y h all ! same colophon1 conta9+ ! pr9t]s' names & ! date1 yet no two copies exactly correspond4 ,a simil> want ( agreem5t is said to h be5 obs]v$ 9 diff]5t copies ( ! ,maz>9e ,bible1 b :i* are1 not)/&+1 ( "o & ! same edition4 ,z su* works w\ld 9 ! infancy ( ! art be a long "t 9 pr9t+--m especially ! ,psalt]1 z1 9 consequ5ce ( ! l>ge capitals be+ pr9t$ 9 two col\rs1 ea* side ( _m ( ! %eets w\ld h to be pr9t$ ?rice--x c be a matt] ( no surprise t alt]ations & am5dm5ts %\ld be made 9 ! text :ile ! "w 0 go+ ?r\gh ! press4 ,9 ! ,maz>9e ,bible1 ! entire ,book ( ,psalms1 :i* conta9s a consid]able numb] ( r$ lett]s1 w\ld h to pass f\r times ?r\gh ! press1 includ+ :at pr9t]s call ! 8reit]ation40,,iv-#a ,footnote ,,iv-#a3 ,by ! common press only "o side ( a %eet c be pr9t$ at once4 ,! reit]ation is ! second pr9t+ ( ! same %eet on ! blank side4 ,?us 9 ! ,psalt] ( #adeg e %eet conta9+ lett]s ( two col\rs on ea* side w\ld h to pass six times ?r\gh ! press4 ,x 0 probably 9 consequ5ce ( pr9t+ s mu* 9 r$ & black t ! e>ly pr9t]s us$ to employ s _m presses4 ,mel*ior de ,/amham1 abbot ( ,/4 ,ulric & ,/4 ,afra at ,augsburg1 & :o e/abli%$ a pr9t+-(fice )9 t mona/]y1 ab\t #adgb1 b\ght five presses ( ,john ,s*ssl]2 a consid]able numb] = :at may be consid]$ an amateur e/abli%m5t4 ,he also _h two o!rs made by ,sixtus ,saurlo*4--,zapf1 ,annales ,typographic ,augu/an1 p4 xxiv4 ,! l>ge/ ( ! ornam5t$ capitals 9 ! ,psalt] ( #adeg is ! lett] ,b1 :i* /&s at ! comm5cem5t ( ! fir/ psalm1 8,beatus vir40 ,! lett]s :i* are next 9 size are an ,a1 a ,c1 a ,d1 an ,e1 & a ,p2 & !re are also o!rs ( a small] size1 simil>ly ornam5t$1 & pr9t$ 9 two col\rs 9 ! same mann] z ! l>g] ones4 ,al?\gh only two col\rs are us$ to ea* lett]1 yet :5 ! same lett] is repeat$ a v>iety is introduc$ by alt]nat+ ! col\rs3 = in/ance1 ! %ape ( ! lett] is 9 "o page pr9t$ r$1 ) ! ornam5tal portions blue2 & 9 ano!r ! %ape ( ! lett] is blue1 & ! ornam5tal portions r$4 ,x has be5 errone\sly /at$ by ,papillon t ! l>ge lett]s at ! beg9n+ ( ea* psalm are pr9t$ 9 ?ree col\rs1 r$1 blue1 & purple2 & ,lamb9et has copi$ ! mi/ake4 ,a second edition ( ?is ,psalt] appe>$ 9 #adei2 a ?ird 9 #adij2 & a f\r? 9 #aejb1 all 9 folio1 l ! fir/1 & ) ! same ornam5t$ capitals4 ,he9ek5 obs]ves t 9 ! edition ( #adij ! l>ge lett]s are pr9t$ 9 r$ & gre5 in/ead ( r$ & blue4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^? l>ge lett]s be+ pr9t$ 9 two col\rs1 two blocks w\ld necess>ily be requir$ = ea*2 "o = t portion ( ! lett] :i* is r$1 & ano!r = t :i* is blue4 ,9 ! body1 or %ape1 ( ! l>ge/ lett]1 ! ,b at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ psalm1 ! mass ( col\r is reliev$ by c]ta9 figures be+ cut out 9 ! block1 :i* appe> :ite 9 ! impression4 ,on ! /em ( ! lett] a dog l a greyh\nd is se5 *as+ a bird2 & fl[]s & e>s ( corn are repres5t$ on ! curv$ portions4 ,^! figures be+ :ite1 or ! col\r ( ! vellum1 give additional brightness to ! full-bodi$ r$ by :i* !y are surr\nd$1 & mat]ially add to ! beauty & effect ( ! :ole lett]4 ,9 consequ5ce ( two blocks be+ requir$ = ea* lett]1 ! means 7 af=d$ ( pr9t+ any ( !m twice 9 ! same %eet or ! same page ) alt]nate col\rs2 = :ile ! body ( ! fir/ 0 pr9t$ 9 r$ f "o block1 ! ornam5tal portion ( ! second might be pr9t$ r$ at ! same "t f ! o!r block4 ,9 ! second pr9t+1 ) ! blue col\r1 x w\ld only be necess>y to transpose ! blocks1 & ?us ! two lett]s w\ld be complet$1 id5tical 9 %ape & ornam5t1 & diff]+ only f ! correspond+ portions be+ 9 ! "o lett] pr9t$ r$ & 9 ! o!r blue4 ,9 ! edition ( #adei ! same ornam5t$ lett] is to be f\nd repeat$ on ! same page2 b ( ?is ,i h only notic$ "o in/ance2 ?\gh !re are sev]al examples ( ! same lett] be+ pr9t$ twice 9 ! same %eet4 ,al?\gh ! engrav+ ( ! mo/ highly ornam5t$ & l>ge/ ( ^? lett]s _c be consid]$ z an extraord9>y in/ance ( skill1 ev5 at t p]iod1 = _m wood-cuts ( an e>li] date af=d pro( ( great] excell5ce1 yet ! arti/ by :om ! blocks 7 engrav$ mu/ h _h consid]able practice4 ,! :ole ( ! ornam5tal "p1 :i* w\ld be ! mo/ difficult to execute1 is cle>ly & ev5ly cut1 & 9 "s places ) great neatness & delicacy4 8,?is lett]10 says ,he9ek51 8is an au!ntic te/imony t ! arti/s employ$ on su* a "w 7 p]sons tra9$ up & ex]cis$ 9 _! pr(ession4 ,! art ( wood engrav+ 0 no long] 9 its cradle40 ,! "n ( ! arti/ by :om ^? lett]s 7 engrav$ is unkn[n4 ,9 ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 book iii4 *apt] #aei1 ,john ,meyd5ba* is m5tion$ z be+ "o ( ,gutemb]g's assi/ants2 & an anonym\s writ] 9 ,s]>ius /ates ! same fact4 ,he9ek5 9 notic+ ^! two passages writes to ! foll[+ effect4 8,?is ,meyd5ba* is d\btless ! same p]son :o proce$$ ) ,gutemb]g f ,/rasburg to ,m5tz 9 #addd4;,,iv-#b ,x is probable t he 0 a wood engrav] or an illum9ator1 b ?is is n c]ta92 & x is /ill m unc]ta9 t ?is p]son engrav$ ! cuts 9 a book entitl$ ,apocalipsis cum figuris1 pr9t$ at ,/rasburg 9 #aejb1 because ^! are copi$ f ! cuts 9 ! ,apocalypse engrav$ & pr9t$ by ,alb]t ,dur] at ,nuremb]g4 ,:e!r ?is copyi/ 0 ! ,jacobus ,meyd5ba* :o pr9t$ books at ,m5tz 9 #adia1;,,iv-#c or he 0 "s o!r engrav]1 ,i h n be5 able to det]m9e40,,iv-#d ,footnote ,,iv-#b3 ,he9ek5 9 8 ,na*ri*t51 ,t4 ,i4 ,s4 #ajh1 also /ates t ,meyd5ba* came f ,/rasburg ) ,gutemb]g4 ,ob]l9 h[ev] obs]ves1 8,je ne sais o de ,he9ecke a tr\v que ce ,meyd5ba* e/ v5u en #addd avec ,gut5b]g ,may5ce40 ,he9ek5 says1 8,9 d] ,na*ri*t von ,/rassburg f9det man dass e9 gewiss] ,meyd5ba* #addd na* ,maynz gezog510 & ref]s to ,f\rni]1 p4 #dj4 ,diss]t sur l',orig4 de l',imprim]ie primitive4 ,footnote ,,iv-#c3 ,an edition ( ! ,hortus ,sanitatis ) wood-cuts 0 pr9t$ at ,m5tz1 by ,jacobus ,meyd5ba*1 9 #adia4 ,footnote ,,iv-#d3 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #bhf4 ,al?\gh s little is positively kn[n respect+ ,john ,meyd5ba*1 ,gutemb]g's assi/ant1 yet ,von ,murr ?9ks t !re is reason to suppose t he 0 ! arti/ :o engrav$ ! l>ge initial lett]s = ! ,psalt] ( #adeg4 ,fis*]1 :o decl>es t !re is no suffici5t gr\nds = ?is conjecture1 confid5tly assumes1 f false premises1 t ^? lett]s 7 engrav$ by ,gutemb]g1 8a p]son exp]i5c$ 9 su* "w10 adds he1 8z we are taught by 8 resid5ce at ,/rasburg40 ,f ! acc\nt t we h ( 8 resid5ce & pursuits at ,/rasburg1 h[ev]1 we are taught no su* ?+4 ,we only le>n f x he 0 engag$ 9 "s inv5tion :i* relat$ to pr9t+4 ,we le>n t ,conrad ,saspa* made him a press1 & x is conjectur$ t ! goldsmi? ,hanns ,dunne 0 employ$ to engrave 8 lett]s2 b !re is n a ^w ( 8 be+ an exp]i5c$ wood engrav]1 nor is !re a well au!nticat$ passage 9 any acc\nt ( 8 life f :i* x might be conclud$ t he ev] engrav$ a s+le lett]4 ,fis*]'s reasons = suppos+ t ,gutemb]g engrav$ ! l>ge lett]s 9 ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt] are1 h[ev]1 contradict$ by facts4 ,hav+ se5 a few leaves ( a ,donatus ornam5t$ ) ! same initial lett]s z ! ,psalt]1 he directly conclud$ t ! =m] 0 pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ prior to ! dissolution ( _! p>tn]%ip2 & n satisfi$ ) ?is leap he takes ano!r1 & arrives at ! conclusion t !y 7 engrav$ by ,gutemb]g1 z 88 mode/y only c\ld all[ su* works to appe> )\t 8 "n40 ,al?\gh we h no in=mation respect+ ! arti/ by :om ^? lett]s 7 engrav$1 yet x is n unlikely t !y 7 sugge/$1 if n actually drawn by ,s*eff]1 :o1 f 8 pr(ession ( a scribe or writ],,iv-#e previ\s to 8 connexion ) ,fau/1 may be suppos$ to h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ! v>i\s k9ds ( fl[]$ & ornam5t$ capitals ) :i* manuscripts ( t & prec$+ c5turies 7 embelli%$4 ,x is n unusual to f9d manuscripts ( ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury embelli%$ ) capitals ( two col\rs1 r$ & blue1 9 ! same ta/e z 9 ! ,psalt]2 & !re is n[ ly+ be=e me a capital ,p1 drawn on vellum 9 r$ & blue ink1 9 a manuscript app>5tly ( ! date ( #adcj1 :i* is s l ! same lett] 9 ! ,psalt] t ! "o might be suppos$ to h sugge/$ ! o!r4 ,footnote ,,iv-#e3 ,s*eff] previ\s to 8 connexion ) ,fau/ 0 a 8cl]icus10--n a cl]k z di/+ui%$ f a layman1 b a writ] or scribe4 ,a specim5 ( 8 8set-h&10 writt5 at ,p>is 9 #addi1 is giv5 by ,s*pfl9 9 8 ,v9dici ,typographic4 ,sev]al ( ! e>lie/ pr9t]s 7 writ]s or illum9ators2 among :om may be m5tion$ ,john ,m5tel9 ( ,/rasburg1 ,john ,baeml] ( ,augsburg1 ,ulric ,zell ( ,cologne1 & ,col>d ,mansion ( ,bruges4 ,x 0 an object ) ,fau/ & ,s*eff] to recomm5d _! ,psalt]--probably ! fir/ "w pr9t$ by !m aft] ,gutemb]g _h be5 oblig$ to )draw f ! p>tn]%ip--by ! beauty ( its capitals & ! suffici5cy & di/9ctness ( its 8rubrications20,,iv-#f & x is evid5t t !y did n fail 9 ! attempt4 ,! ,psalt] ( #adeg is1 ) respect to ornam5tal pr9t+1 _! greate/ "w2 = 9 no subsequ5t production ( _! press does ! typographic art appe> to h rea*$ a high] degree ( excell5ce4 ,x may ) tru? be said t ! art ( pr9t+--be ! inv5tor :o he may--0 p]fect$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff]2 = ! e>lie/ kn[n production ( _! press rema9s to ! pres5t day unsurpass$ z a specim5 ( skill 9 ornam5tal pr9t+4 ,footnote ,,iv-#f3 ,?is is intimat$ 9 ! colophon1 :i*1 ) ! contract$ words writt5 at l5g?1 is z foll[s3 8,pres5s ,spalmorum codex v5u/ate capitalium decoratus ,rubricationibusque suffici5t] di/9ctus4 ,ad9v5tione artificiosa imprim5di ac c>act]iz&i absque calami ulla ex>acione sic effigiatus4 ,et ad eusebiam dei indu/rie e/ consummatus4 ,p] ,johannem ,fu/1 ,civem magunt9um4 ,et ,petrum ,s*(f] de ,g]nzheim1 ,anno dom9i ,millesimo4 cccc4 lvii4 ,9 vigilia ,assumpcionis40 ,9 ! second edition ! mis-spell+1 8,spalmorum0 = 8,psalmorum10 is correct$4 ,a fac-simile ( ! l>ge ,b at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,psalt]1 pr9t$ 9 col\rs ! same z ! orig9al1 is giv5 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,dibd9's ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 & 9 ,savage's ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+2 b 9 nei!r ( ^? works has ! excell5ce ( ! orig9al lett] be5 atta9$4 ,9 ! ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 al?\gh ! volume has be5 pr9t$ little m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 ! r$ col\r 9 :i* ! body ( ! lett] is pr9t$ has assum$ a copp]y hue1 :ile 9 ! orig9al1 execut$ ne>ly f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! fre%ness & purity ( ! col\rs rema9 unimpair$4 ,9 ,savage's "w1 ?\gh ! lett] & its ornam5ts are fai?fully copi$,,iv-#g & tol]ably well pr9t$1 yet ! col\rs are n equal to ^? ( ! orig9al4 ,9 ! mod]n copy ! blue is too fa9t2 & ! r$1 :i* 9 ! orig9al is l well impa/$ pa9t1 has n suffici5t body1 b appe>s l a wa%1 ?r\gh :i* 9 _m places ! :ite pap] may be se54 ,! :ole lett] comp>$ ) ! orig9al seems l a wat]-col\r copy comp>$ ) a pa9t+ 9 oil4 ,footnote ,,iv-#g3 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 9 ,savage's copy ! p]p5dicul> fl\ri%es are giv5 horizontally1 above & bel[ ! lett]1 9 ord] to save room4 ,9 a copy ( ! edition ( #adei1 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y1 "p ( ! l[] fl\ri% has n be5 ink$1 z x w\ld h int]f]$ ) ! lett] ,q at ! comm5cem5t ( ! second psalm 8,qu>e fremu]unt g5tes40 ,traces ( ! fl\ri% :]e n col\r$ may be obs]v$ impress$ 9 ! vellum4 ,al?\gh x has be5 g5]ally suppos$ t ! art ( pr9t+ 0 fir/ c>ri$ f ,m5tz 9 #adfb :5 ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s sworn workm5 7 disp]s$,,iv-#h on ! capture ( t city by ! ar*bi%op ,adolphus ( ,nassau1 yet !re c be no d\bt t x 0 practis$ at ,bamb]g be=e t p]iod2 = a book ( fables pr9t$ at ! latt] place by ,alb]t ,pfi/] is expressly dat$ on ,/4 ,val5t9e's day1 #adfa2 & a hi/ory ( ,joseph1 ,daniel1 ,judi?1 & ,e/h] 0 also pr9t$ by ,pfi/] at ,bamb]g 9 #adfb1 8,nit lang na* s& walpurg5 tag10--n long aft] ,/4 ,walburg's day4,,iv-#i ,x is !re=e c]ta9 t ! art 0 practis$ beyond ,m5tz previ\s to ! capture ( t city1 :i* 0 n tak5 until ! eve ( ,/4 ,simon & ,/4 ,jude2 t is1 on ! #bh? ( ,octob] 9 #adfb4 ,z x is v probable t ,pfi/] w\ld h to sup]9t5d ! =mation ( 8 own types & ! con/ruction ( 8 own presses1--= none ( 8 types are ( ! same f\nt z ^? us$ by ,gutemb]g or by ,fau/ & ,s*eff]1--we may presume t he w\ld be occupi$ = "s consid]able "t 9 prep>+ 8 mat]ials & ut5sils be=e he c\ld beg9 to pr9t4 ,z 8 fir/ kn[n "w ) a date1 conta9+ a hundr$ & "o wood-cuts1 0 f9i%$ on ! #ad? ( ,febru>y #adfa1 x is n unlikely t he might h begun to make prep>ations ?ree or f\r ye>s be=e4 ,^u ^! gr\nds x seems b reasonable to conclude ) ,aret91 t ! art 0 c>ri$ f ,m5tz by "s ( ,gutemb]g & ,fau/'s workm5 on ! dissolution ( _! p>tn]%ip 9 #adee2 & t ! date ( ! capture ( ,m5tz--:5 = a "t all ! male inhabitants capable ( be>+ arms 7 compell$ to leave ! city by ! captors--m>ks ! p]iod ( its m g5]al diffusion4 ,! occasion ( ! disa/] to :i* ,m5tz 0 expos$ = ne>ly ?ree ye>s 0 a conte/ = ! succession to ! ar*bi%opric4 ,!odoric von ,erpa* hav+ di$ 9 ,may #adei1 a majority ( ! *apt] *ose ,?i]ry von ,is5burg to succe$ him1 :ile ano!r p>ty support$ ! pret5sions ( ,adolphus ( ,nassau4 ,an appeal hav+ be5 made to ,rome1 ! election ( ,?i]ry 0 annull$1 & ,adolphus 0 decl>$ by ! ,pope to be ! lawful ar*bi%op ( ,m5tz4 ,?i]ry1 be+ 9 possession & support$ by ! citiz5s1 refus$ to resign1 until 8 rival1 assi/$ by ! =ces ( 8 adh]5ts & relations1 succe$$ 9 obta9+ possession ( ! city4,,iv-#aj ,footnote ,,iv-#h3 ,! foll[+ passage occurs 9 ! colophon ( two works pr9t$ by ,john ,s*eff] at ,m5tz 9 #aeae & #aeaf2 ! "o be+ ! 8,tri!mii ,brevi>ium ,hi/ori ,francorum10 & ! o!r 8,brevi>ium ,ecclesi ,m9d5sis30 8,ret9u]unt autem hi duo jam prnom9ati1 ,johannes ,fu/ et ,petrus ,s*eff]1 hanc artem 9 secreto1 7omnibus m9i/ris et famili>ibus eorum1 ne illam quoquo modo manife/>5t1 jure jur&o ad/rictis 37 qu t&em anno ,dom9i ,m4,,cccc4,,lxii4 p] eosdem famili>es 9 div]sas t]r>um prov9cias divulgata1 haud p>vum sumpsit increm5tum40 ,footnote ,,iv-#i3 ,/4 ,walburg's day is on ! #be? ( ,febru>y2 ?\gh h] fea/ is also held bo? on ! #a/ ( ,may & on ! #ab? ( ,octob]4 ,! eve ( h] fea/ on ! #a/ ( ,may is m p>ticul>ly celebrat$2 & x is !n t ! wit*es & w>locks ( ,g]many hold _! annual meet+ on ! ,brock54 ,/4 ,walburg1 ?\gh born ( royal p>5ts 9 ,saxony1 0 yet educat$ 9 ,engl&1 at ! conv5t ( ,wimborn 9 ,dorset%ire1 ( :i* %e became aft]w>ds abbess1 & :]e %e di$ 9 #ggi4 ,footnote ,,iv-#aj3 ,a m\rnful acc\nt ( ! expulsion ( ! inhabitants & ! plund]+ ( ! city is giv5 by ,tri!mius at page #cj ( 8 8,res ,ge/ ,fr$]ici ,palat9i10 publi%$ ) notes by ,m>qu>d ,freh]1 at ,heidelb]g1 #dto4 #afjc4 ,until ! discov]y ( ,pfi/]'s book conta9+ ! f\r hi/ories1 mo/ bibliograph]s suppos$ t ! date #adfa1 9 ! fables1 relat$ to ! composition ( ! "w or ! completion ( ! manuscript1 & n to ! pr9t+ ( ! book4 ,saub]t1 :o 0 ! fir/ to notice x1 9 #afdc1 describes x z be+ pr9t$1 bo? text & figures1 f wood-blocks2 & ,me]man has adopt$ ! same errone\s op9ion4 ,he9ek5 0 ! fir/ to describe x truly1 z hav+ ! text pr9t$ ) moveable types1 ?\gh he expresses himself d\btfully z to ! date1 #adfa1 be+ t ( ! impression4 ,z ! discov]y ( ,pfi/]'s tracts has ?r[n consid]able light on ! progress ( typography & wood engrav+1 ,i %all give an acc\nt ( ! mo/ important ( !m1 z connect$ ) ^? subjects2 ) a brief notice ( a few circum/ances relative to ! e>ly connexion ( wood engrav+ ) ! press1 & to ! disp]sion ( ! pr9t]s on ! capture ( ,m5tz 9 #adfb4 ,! discov]y ( ! hi/ory ( ,joseph1 ,daniel1 ,judi?1 & ,e/h]1 ) ! date #adfb1 pr9t$ at ,bamb]g by ,pfi/]1 has e/abli%$ ! fact t ! dates ref] to ! ye>s 9 :i* ! books 7 pr9t$1 & n to ! p]iod :5 ! works 7 compos$ or transcrib$4 ,an acc\nt ( ! hi/ory above nam$1 writt5 by ,m4 ,j4 ,/e9]1 pa/or ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,ulric at ,augsburg1 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,meusel's ,hi/orical & ,lit]>y ,magaz9e 9 #agib2 & a m ample description ( ?is & o!r tracts pr9t$ by ,pfi/] 0 publi%$ by ,camus 9 #ahjj1;,,iv-#aa :5 ! volume conta9+ !m1 :i* 0 ! id5tical "o t _h be5 previ\sly se5 by ,/e9]1 0 deposit$ 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is4 ,footnote ,,iv-#aa3 ,"u ! title ( 8,notice d'un ,livre imprim ,bamb]g en ,,ci,,cccclxii4 lue l',in/itut ,national1 p> ,camus40 #dto4 ,p>is1 ,an ,,vii4 #ahjj4 ,! book ( fables,,iv-#ab pr9t$ by ,pfi/] at ,bamb]g 9 #adfa is a small folio consi/+ ( tw5ty-eight leaves1 & conta9+ eighty-five fables 9 rhyme 9 ! old ,g]man language4 ,z ^? fables1 :i* are ascrib$ to "o 8,bon]1 dictus d] ,edel/e910 are kn[n to h be5 writt5 previ\s to #accj1 ! words at ! end ( ! volume1--8,zu ,bamb]g dies ,b*le9 ge5det i/10--,at ,bamb]g ?is book is f9i%$1--mo/ c]ta9ly relate to ! "t :5 x 0 pr9t$1 & n :5 x 0 writt54 ,x is !re=e ! e>lie/ book pr9t$ ) moveable types :i* is illu/rat$ ) wood-cuts conta9+ figures4 ,n hav+ an opportunity ( see+ ?is extremely r>e book1--( :i* only "o p]fect copy is kn[n1--,i am unable to speak f p]sonal exam9ation ( ! /yle 9 :i* its hundr$ & "o cuts are engrav$4 ,he9ek51 h[ev]1 has giv5 a fac-simile ( ! fir/1 & he says t ! o!rs are ( a simil> k9d4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( ! fac-simile giv5 by ,he9ek51 & :i* =ms ! head-piece to ! fir/ fable4 ,on ! mann] 9 :i* x is engrav$ ,i %all make no rem>k1 until ,i %all h produc$ "s specim5s ( ! cuts conta9$ 9 a 8,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum10 also pr9t$ by ,pfi/]1 & hav+ ! text 9 ! ,g]man language4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ab3 ,! copy ( ^? fables belong+ to ! ,wolf5buttel ,libr>y1 & :i* is ! only "o kn[n1 0 tak5 away by ! ,fr5* & plac$ 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is1 b 0 re/or$ on ! surr5d] ( ,p>is 9 #ahae4 ,illu/ration ,! volume describ$ by ,camus conta9s ?ree diff]5t works2 & al?\gh ,pfi/]'s "n1 ) ! date #adfb1 appe>s 9 only "o ( !m1 ! 8,f\r ,hi/ories10 yet1 z ! type is ! same 9 all1 !re c be no d\bt ( ! o!r two be+ pr9t$ by ! same p]son & ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s respect+ its cont5ts are d]iv$ f ! 8,notice0 ( ,camus4 ,x is a small folio consi/+ altoge!r ( a hundr$ & "o leaves ( pap] ( good quality1 mod]ately ?ick & :ite1 & 9 :i* ! wat]-m>k is an ox's head4 ,! text is pr9t$ 9 a l>ge type1 call$ missal-type2 & ?\gh ! *>act]s are l>g]1 & !re is a trifl+ v>iation 9 ?ree or f\r ( ! capitals1 yet !y evid5tly appe> to h be5 copi$ f ^? ( ! ,maz>9e ,bible4 ,! fir/ "w is t :i* ,he9ek5 calls 8une ,allgorie sur la ,mort20,,iv-#ac b ?is title does n give a j idea ( its cont5ts4 ,x is 9 fact a collection ( accusations pref]r$ aga9/ ,dea?1 ) 8 answ]s to !m4 ,! object is to %[ t su* compla9ts are unavail+1 & t1 in/ead ( mak+ !m1 p ought r to employ !mselves 9 endeav\r+ to live well4 ,9 ?is tract1 :i* consi/s ( tw5ty-f\r leaves1 !re are five wood-cuts1 ea* occupy+ an entire page4 ,! fir/ repres5ts ,dea? seat$ on a ?rone4 ,be=e him !re is a man ) a *ild1 :o appe>s to accuse ,dea? ( hav+ depriv$ him ( 8 wife1 :o is se5 on a tomb wrapp$ 9 a w9d+-%eet4--,9 ! second cut1 ,dea? is also se5 seat$ on a ?rone1 ) ! same p]son app>5tly compla9+ aga9/ him1 :ile a numb] ( p]sons appe> approa*+ sad & sl[1 to lay d[n ! ensigns ( _! dignity at 8 feet4--,9 ! ?ird cut !re are two figures ( ,dea?2 "o on foot m[s d[n y\?s & maid5s ) a scy!1 :ile ano!r1 m\nt$1 is se5 *as+ a numb] ( figures on horseback1 at :om he at ! same "t dis*>ges 8 arr[s4--,! f\r? cut consi/s ( two p>ts1 ! "o above ! o!r4 ,9 ! upp] "p1 ,dea? appe>s seat$ on a ?rone1 ) a p]son be=e him 9 ! act ( compla9+1 z 9 ! fir/ & second cuts4 ,9 ! l[] "p1 to ! left ( ! cut1 is se5 a conv5t1 at ! gate ( :i* !re are two p]sons 9 religi\s habits2 to ! "r a g>d5 is repres5t$1 9 :i* are p]ceiv$ a tree lad5 ) fruit1 a woman cr[n+ an infant1 & ano!r woman conv]s+ ) a "y man4 ,9 ! space betwe5 ! conv5t & ! g>d5 c]ta9 signs are engrav$1 :i* ,camus ?9ks are int5d$ to repres5t v>i\s bran*es ( le>n+ & sci5ce1--none ( :i* c af=d protection aga9/ dea?1--z !y are treat$ ( 9 ! *apt] :i* prec$es ! cut4 ,9 ! fif? cut1 ,dea? & ! ,compla9ant are se5 be=e ,*ri/1 :o is seat$ on a ?rone ) an angel on ea* side ( him1 "u a canopy ornam5t$ ) />s4 ,al?\gh nei!r ,he9ek5 nor ,camus give specim5s ( ^? cuts1 nor speak ( ! /yle 9 :i* !y are execut$1 x may be presum$ t !y are n sup]ior ei!r 9 design or engrav+ to ^? conta9$ 9 ! o!r tracts4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ac3 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #bgf4 ,dr4 ,dibd9 9 8 ,bibliographical ,t\r says t ?is "w 8is entitl$ by ,camus ! ,,allegory ,,( ,,dea?40 ,?is is a mi/ake2 = ,camus1 :o objects to ?is title1--:i* 0 giv5 to x by ,he9ek51--always ref]s to ! book "u ! title ( 8,les ,pla9tes contre la ,mort40 ,! text ( ! "w is divid$ into ?irty-f\r *apt]s1 ea* ( :i*1 except ! fir/1 is prec$$ by a summ>y2 & _! numb]s are pr9t$ 9 ,roman *>act]s4 ,! initial lett] ( ea* *apt] is r$1 & appe>s to h be5 =m$ by means ( a /5cil4 ,! fir/ *apt]1 :i* has nei!r title nor num]al1 comm5ces ) ! ,compla9ant's recital ( 8 injuries2 9 ! second1 ,dea? def5ds himself2 9 ! ?ird ! ,compla9ant resumes1 9 ! f\r? ,dea? replies2 & 9 ?is mann] ! "w proce$s1 ! ,compla9ant & ,dea? speak+ alt]nately ?r\gh ?irty-two *apt]s4 ,9 ! ?irty-?ird1 ,god decides betwe5 ! p>ties2 & aft] a few common-place reflections & obs]vations on ! read9ess ( p to compla9 on all occasions1 s5t5ce is pron\nc$ 9 ^! words3 8,! ,compla9ant is condemn$1 & ,dea? has ga9$ ! cause4 ,( "r1 ! ,life ( e man is due to ,dea?2 to ,e>? 8 ,body1 & to ,u 8 ,s\l40 ,9 ! ?irty-f\r? *apt]1 ! ,compla9ant1 p]ceiv+ t he has lo/ 8 suit1 proce$s to pray to ,god on behalf ( 8 deceas$ wife4 ,9 ! summ>y prefix$ to ! *apt] ! read] is in=m$ t he is n[ ab\t to p]use a model ( a pray]2 & t ! "n ( ! ,compla9ant is express$ by ! l>ge r$ lett]s :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! *apt]4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! c\rse ( ! *apt]1 six r$ lett]s1 besides ! initial at ! beg9n+1 occur at ! comm5cem5t ( s _m diff]5t s5t5ces4 ,!y are =m$ by means ( a /5cil1 :ile ! lett]s at ! comm5cem5t ( o!r simil> s5t5ces are pr9t$ black4 ,^? r$ lett]s1 includ+ ! initial at ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]1 occur 9 ! foll[+ ord]1 ,,ihesanw4 ,:e!r ! "n is express$ by !m z !y /&1 or :e!r !y are to be comb9$ 9 "s o!r mann]1 ,camus w n v5ture to decide4,,iv-#ad ,f ! pray] x appe>s t ! "n ( ! ,compla9ant's deceas$ wife 0 ,m>g>et4 ,9 ?is s+ul> composition1 :i* 9 ! summ>y is decl>$ to be a model1 ! au?or1 n =gett+ ! c\rt language ( 8 native c\ntry1 calls ! ,almighty 8! ,elector :o det]m9es ! *oice ( all ,electors10 8,h(fmei/]0 ( ! c\rt ( ,heav51 & 8,h]zog0 ( ! ,heav5ly ho/4 ,! text is 9 ! ,g]man language1 su* z 0 spok5 & writt5 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ad3 8,outre la lettre initiale1 on rem>que1 dans le c\rs du *apitre1 six lettres r\ges non imprimes1 mais pe9tes la plaque1 qui comm5c5t six phrases div]ses4 ,les lettres initiales des autres phrases du mme *apitre sont imprimes en noir4 ,les lettres r\ges sont ,,ihesanw4 ,doit-on les assembl] dans l'ordre o elles sont places1 ou bi5 doiv5t-elles recevoir un autre arrangem5t8 ,je ne pr5ds pas sur moi de le dcid]40--,camus1 ,notice1 p4 #f4 ,! ,g]man words 8,h(fmei/]0 & 8,h]zog0 appe> extremely ridicul\s 9 ,camus's ,fr5* translation1--8le ,matre-d'htel de la c\r cle/e10 & 8le ,gr&-duc de l'arme cle/e40 ,b ?is is clo?+ anci5t & dignifi$ ,g]man 9 mod]n ,fr5* fripp]y4 ,! ^w 8,h(fmei/]0--lit]ally1 8c\rt-ma/] or gov]nor0--is us$ 9 mod]n ,g]man 9 ne>ly ! same s5se z ! ,engli% ^w 8/ew>d20 & ! gov]nor or tutor ( a "y pr9ce or nobleman is call$ by ! same "n4 ,! ^w 8,h]zog0--! 8,gr&-duc0 ( ,camus--9 its orig9al signification means ! lead] ( a ho/ or army4 ,x is a ,g]man title ( hon\r :i* def9es its orig9al mean+1 & is 9 mod]n language synonym\s ) ! ,engli% title 8,duke40 ,! anci5t ,g]man 8,h]zog0 0 a lead] ( ho/s2 ! mod]n ,fr5* 8,gr&-duc0 is a clean-%av$ g5tleman 9 a c\rt-dress1 r$ol5t ( eau-de-,cologne1 & b$iz5$ ) />s & /r+s4 ,! two words are *>act]i/ic ( ! two languages4 ,! second "w 9 ! volume is ! ,hi/ories ( ,joseph1 ,daniel1 ,judi?1 & ,e/h]4 ,x has no g5]al frontispiece nor title2 b ea* sep>ate hi/ory comm5ces ) ! words3 8,"h beg9s ! hi/ory ( 4 4 4 40 9 ,g]man4 ,ea* hi/ory =ms a sep>ate ga!r+1 & ! :ole f\r are conta9$ 9 sixty leaves1 ( :i* two1 ab\t ! middle1 are blank1 al?\gh !re is no appe>ance ( any defici5cy 9 ! hi/ory4 ,! text is accompani$ ) wood-cuts :i* are mu* less ?an ^? 9 ! 8,compla9ts aga9/ ,dea?10 ea* occupy+ only ! space ( elev5 l9es 9 a page1 :i* :5 full conta9s tw5ty-eight4 ,! numb] ( ! cuts is sixty-"o2 b !re are only fifty-five diff]5t subjects1 f\r ( !m hav+ be5 pr9t$ twice1 & "o ?rice4 ,camus gives a specim5 ( "o ( ! cuts1 :i* repres5ts ! ,jews ( ,be?uliah rejoic+ & (f]+ sacrifice on ! return ( ,judi? aft] %e _h cut (f ! head ( ,hol(]nes4 ,x is c]ta9ly a v indiff]5t p]=mance1 bo? ) respect to design & engrav+2 & f ,camus's rem>ks on ! arti/'s ignorance & want ( ta/e x w\ld appe> t ! o!rs are no bett]4 ,9 "o ( !m ,haman is decorat$ ) ! coll> ( an ord] f :i* a cross is susp5d$2 & 9 ano!r ,jacob is se5 travell+ to ,egypt 9 a c>riage,,iv-#ae drawn by two horses1 :i* are h>ness$ accord+ to ! mann] ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & driv5 by a po/ilion seat$ on a saddle1 & ) 8 feet 9 /irrups4 ,all ! cuts 9 ! 8,f\r ,hi/ories0 are co>sely col\r$4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ae3 ,camus calls x a 8voiture10 b ,i "q if su* a c>riage 0 kn[n 9 #adfb2 & am incl9$ to ?9k t he has conv]t$ a k9d ( light waggon into a mod]n 8voiture40 ,a light sort ( waggon1 call$ by ,/[ a 8,:]licote10 0 us$ 9 ,engl& by ! "m ( ,ri*>d ! ,second 9 ! mann] ( a mod]n coa*4 ,i h notic$ 9 an old wood-cut a light travell+ waggon1 drawn by :at is call$ a 8unicorn team0 ( ?ree horses2 t is1 "o z a 8lead]10 & two 8:eel]s10 ) ! driv] rid+ on ! 8ne> side0 :eel]4 ,?is cut is 9 ! ,bag=d collection 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & is "o ( a s]ies ( n9ety subjects f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t :i* h be5 cut out ( a book4 ,a manuscript note 9 ,g]man /ates t !y are by ,mi*ael ,wolgemu?1 & pr9t$ 9 #adia4 ,9 no wood-cut execut$ previ\s to #aejj h ,i se5 a vehicle l a mod]n ,fr5* voiture4 ,x is ?is "w :i* ,camus1 9 8 title-page1 pr(esses to give an acc\nt (1 al?\gh 9 8 tract he describes ! o!r two conta9$ 9 ! same volume ) no less m9ut5ess4 ,he especially ann\nc$ a notice ( ?is "w z 8a book pr9t$ at ,bamb]g 9 #adfb10 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ ! mo/ important 9 ! volume2 = x conta9s n only ! date & place1 b also ! pr9t]'s "n4 ,9 ! book ( ,fables1 pr9t$ ) ! same types at ,bamb]g 9 #adfa1 ,pfi/]'s "n does n appe>4 ,! text ( ! 8,f\r ,hi/ories0 ends at ! f\r? l9e on ! recto ( ! sixtie? leaf2 & aft] a blank space equal to t ( a l9e1 ?irte5 l9es succe$1 =m+ ! colophon1 & conta9+ ! place1 date1 & pr9t]'s "n4 ,al?\gh ^? l9es run cont9u\sly on1 occupy+ ! full wid? ( ! page z 9 prose1 yet !y consi/ ( c\plets 9 ,g]man rhyme4 ,! end ( ea* v]se is m>k$ ) a po9t1 & ! fir/ ^w ( ! succe$+ "o beg9s ) a capital4 ,camus has giv5 a fac-simile ( ^? l9es1 t he might at once pres5t 8 read]s ) a specim5 ( ! type & a copy ( ?is colophon1 s int]e/+ to bibliograph]s z e/abli%+ ! important fact 9 ! hi/ory ( pr9t+1 namely1 t ! art 0 practis$ beyond ,m5tz prior to #adfb4 ,! foll[+ copy1 ?\gh n a fac-simile1 is pr9t$ l9e = l9e f ,camus4 ,e9 ittli* m5s* von h]z5 g]t 4 ,das er w] weiss und wol gel]t 4 ,an mei/] un' s*rift das nit mag se9 4 ,s kun' wir all au* nit late9 4 ,d>auff han i* e9 teil g$a*t 4 ,und vi] hi/orii zu sam5 pra- *t 4 ,joseph daniel un' au* judi? 4 ,und he/] au* mit gutem si?4 die vi] het got 9 se9] hut 4 ,als er no* ye de' gut5 ?ut 4 ,d> dur* wir pess]n uns] lebe' 4 ,de' pu*le9 i/ se9 ende gebe' 4 ,tu bamb]gh 9 d] selbe' /at 4 ,das albre*t pfi/] g$rucket hat ,d ma' zalt taus5t un' vi]hu'd]t i> 4 ,im zwei und se*zig/e' das i/ w> 4 ,nit lang na* s& walpur- g5 tag 4 ,die uns wol gnad erb]b5 mag 4 ,frid un' das ewig lebe' 4 ,das wolle uns got alle' gebe' 4 ,ame'4 ,! foll[+ is a translation ( ! above1 9 ,engli% c\plets ( simil> rhy?m & measure z ! orig9al3 ,) he>t's desire ea* man do? seek ,t he 7 wise & le>n$ eke3 ,b books & tea*] he do? ne$1 ,& all m5 _c ,lat9 read4 ,z on ?is subject (t ,i ?\ght1 ,^! hi/'ries f\r ,i !re=e wrote2 ,( ,joseph1 ,daniel1 ,judi? too1 ,& ,e/h] eke1 ) purpose true3 ,^! f\r did ,god ) bliss requite1 ,z he do? all :o act upright4 ,t m5 may le>n _! lives to m5d ,?is book at ,bamb]g "h ,i end4 ,9 ! same city1 z ,i've h9t$1 ,x 0 by ,alb]t ,pfi/] pr9t$1 ,9 ?' ye> ( grace1 ,i tell y true1 ,a ?\s& f\r hundr$ & sixty-two2 ,soon aft] good ,/4 ,walburg's day1 ,:o well may aid u on our way1 ,& help u to et]nal bliss3 ,god1 ( 8 m]cy1 grant u ?is4 ,am54 ,! ?ird "w conta9$ 9 ! volume describ$ by ,camus is an edition ( ! 8,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible10 ) ! text 9 ,g]man1 & pr9t$ on bo? sides4 ,! numb] ( ! leaves is eighte51 ( :i* only sev5te5 are pr9t$2 & z !re is a 8hi/ory0 on ea* page1 ! total numb] 9 ! "w is ?irty-f\r1 ea* ( :i* is illu/rat$ ) five cuts4 ,! subjects ( ^? cuts & _! arrangem5t on ! page is n precisely ! same z 9 ! e>li] ,lat9 editions2 & z 9 ! latt] !re are =ty 8hi/ories10 six are want+ 9 ! ,bamb]g edition1 namely3 #a4 ,*ri/ 9 ! g>d52 #b4 ,! soldi]s al>m$ at ! sepul*re2 #c4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t2 #d4 ,hell2 #e4 ,! et]nal ,fa!r receiv+ ! righte\s into 8 bosom2 & #f4 ,! cr[n+ ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,z ! cuts illu/rative ( ^! subjects are ! la/ 9 ! ,lat9 editions1 x is possible t ! ,bamb]g copy describ$ by ,camus might be defective2 he1 h[ev]1 obs]ves t !re is no appe>ance ( any leaves be+ want+4,,iv-#af ,9 ea* page ( ! ,bamb]g edition ! text is 9 two columns bel[ ! cuts1 :i* are arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ mann] 9 ! upp] "p ( ! page3 ,illu/ration3 ------------------------ #c -------------- -------------- #a ,*ri/ appe>+ to ! #b ,bu/s4 ,apo/les4 ,bu/s4 -------------- ------------------------ -------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #d ,joseph mak+ himself ,! ,prodigal ,son's return kn[n to 8 bre!rn4 to 8 fa!r4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,! foll[+ cuts are fac-similes ( ^? giv5 by ,camus2 & ! numb]s und]nea? ea* relate to _! position 9 ! prec$+ example ( _! arrangem5t4 ,9 ,no4 #a ! heads are int5d$ = ,david & ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,wisdom2 9 ,no4 #b1 = ,isaiah & ,ezekiel4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,footnote ,,iv-#af3 ,! copy ( ! ,bamb]g edition 9 ! ,wolf5buttel ,libr>y1 se5 & describ$ by ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 pp4 #cbg-cbi1 conta9$ only tw5ty-six 8hi/ories10 or g5]al subjects4 ,! subject repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ cut1 ,no4 #c1 =m+ ! c5tre piece at ! top 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! orig9al page1 is ,*ri/ appe>+ to 8 disciples aft] 8 resurrection4 ,! figure on ! "r ( ,*ri/ is int5d$ = ,/4 ,pet]1 & t on 8 left = ,/4 ,john4 ,i believe t 9 no wood-cut1 anci5t or mod]n1 is ,*ri/ repres5t$ ) s uncomely an aspect & s clumsy a figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,! subject ( ,no4 #d is ,joseph mak+ himself kn[n to 8 bre?r52 f ,g5esis1 *apt] ,,xlv4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #d4 ,9 ,no4 #e ! subject repres5t$ is ! ,prodigal ,son receiv$ by 8 fa!r2 f ,/4 ,luke1 *apt] ,,xv4 ,camus says t ! cuts giv5 by him 7 engrav$ on wood by ,duplaa ) ! greate/ exactitude f trac+s ( ! orig9als by ,dubr5a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #e4 ,suppos+ t all ! cuts 9 ! f\r works1 pr9t$ by ,pfi/] & describ$ 9 ! prec$+ pages1 7 design$ 9 a simil> ta/e & execut$ 9 a simil> mann] to ^? ( :i* specim5s are giv51 ! p]sons by :om !y 7 engrav$--= x is n likely t !y 7 all engrav$ by "o man--mu/ h _h v little k ( ! art4 ,look+ m]ely at ! mann] 9 :i* !y are engrav$1 )\t ref]5ce to ! wret*$ draw+ ( ! figures & want ( 8feel+0 display$ 9 ! g5]al treatm5t ( ! subjects1 a mod]ately apt lad1 at ! pres5t day1 g5]ally w cut z well by ! "t t he has _h a mon? or two's practice4 ,if ^? cuts 7 to be consid]$ z fair specim5s ( wood engrav+ 9 ,g]many 9 #adfb1 x w\ld be evid5t t ! art 0 !n decl9+2 = none ( ! specim5s t ,i h se5 ( ! cuts pr9t$ by ,pfi/] c be> a comp>ison ) ^? conta9$ 9 ! e>ly block-books1 su* z ! ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 or ! e>ly editions ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible4 ,to ! cuts conta9$ 9 ! latt] works !y are decid$ly inf]ior1 bo? ) respect to design & engrav+4 ,ev5 ! e>lie/ wood-cuts :i* are kn[n1--= in/ance1 ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ! ,/4 ,bridget1 & ! ,annunciation1 9 ,e>l ,sp5c]'s collection1--are execut$ 9 a sup]ior mann]4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be unfair to conclude t ! cuts :i* appe> 9 ,pfi/]'s works 7 ! be/ t 7 execut$ at t p]iod4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is probable t !y are ! productions ( p]sons :o 9 _! own age w\ld be e/eem$ only z inf]ior arti/s4 ,z ! progress ( typography 0 reg>d$ ) jeal\sy by ! e>ly wood engrav]s & block pr9t]s1 :o 7 appreh5sive t x w\ld ru9 _! trade1 & z previ\s to ! e/abli%m5t ( pr9t+ !y 7 already =m$ into companies or fell[%ips1 :i* 7 extremely s5sitive on ! subject ( _! exclusive rights1 x is n unlikely t ! e>lie/ type-pr9t]s :o adorn$ _! books ) wood-cuts w\ld be oblig$ to h !m execut$ by a p]son :o 0 n pr(essionally a wood engrav]4 ,x is only ^u ?is supposition t we c acc\nt = ! fact ( ! wood-cuts 9 ! e>lie/ books pr9t$ ) type be+ s v inf]ior to ^? 9 ! e>lie/ block-books4 ,?is supposition is corroborat$ by ! acc\nt :i* we h ( ! proce$+s ( ! wood engrav]s ( ,augsburg %ortly aft] type-pr9t+ 0 fir/ e/abli%$ 9 t city4 ,9 #adga !y oppos$ ,gun!r ,za9]'s,,iv-#ag admission to ! privileges ( a burgess1 & endeav\r$ to prev5t him pr9t+ wood engrav+s 9 8 books4 ,mel*ior ,/amham1 h[ev]1 abbot ( ,/4 ,ulric & ,afra1 a w>m promot] ( typography1 int]e/$ himself on behalf ( ,za9]1 & obta9$ an ord] f ! magi/racy t he & ,john ,s*ussl]--ano!r pr9t] :om ! wood engrav]s _h also object$ to--%\ld be all[$ to foll[ )\t int]ruption _! art ( pr9t+4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 =bid to pr9t initial lett]s f wood-blocks or to ins]t wood-cuts 9 _! books1 z ?is w\ld be an infr+em5t on ! privileges ( ! fell[%ip ( wood engrav]s4 ,subsequ5tly ! wood engrav]s came to an und]/&+ ) ,za9]1 & agre$ t he %\ld pr9t z _m initial lett]s & wood-cuts z he pleas$1 provid$ t !y engrav$ !m4,,iv-#ah ,:e!r ,s*ussl] came to ! same agreem5t or n is unc]ta91 z !re is no book kn[n to be pr9t$ by him ( a lat] date ?an #adgb4 ,x is probable t he is ! p]son1--nam$ ,john ,s*ssl] 9 ! memor&um pr9t$ by ,zapf1--( :om ,mel*ior de ,/amham 9 t ye> b\ght five presses = ! pr9t+-(fice :i* he e/abli%$ 9 8 conv5t ( ,/4 ,ulric & ,/4 ,afra4 ,to ,john ,bml]1 :o at ! same "t c>ri$ on ! bus9ess ( a pr9t] at ,augsburg1 no objection appe>s to h be5 made4 ,z he 0 orig9ally a 8calligraphus0 or ornam5tal writ]1 x is probable t he 0 a memb] ( ! wood engrav]s' guild1 & ?us entitl$ to engrave & pr9t 8 own works )\t int]ruption4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ag3 ,gun!r ,za9] 0 a native ( ,reutl+51 9 ,wirtemb]g1 & 0 ! fir/ pr9t] 9 ,g]many :o us$ ,roman *>act]s1--9 an edition ( 8,isidori ,episcopi ,hispal5sis ,etymologia10 pr9t$ by him 9 #adgb4 ,he fir/ began to pr9t at ,augsburg 9 #adfh4 ,9 #adgb he pr9t$ a ,g]man translation ( ! book entitl$ 8,belial10 ) wood-cuts4 ,a ,lat9 edition ( ?is book 0 pr9t$ by ,s*ussl] 9 ! same ye>4 ,von ,murr says t ,s*ussl] pr9t$ ano!r edition ( 8,belial0 9 #adgg2 b ?is w\ld seem to be a mi/ake1 = ,vei? ass]ts 9 8 8,diatribe de ,orig9e et ,increm5tis ,artis ,typographic 9 urbe ,augu/a ,v9delica10 prefix$ to ,zapf's 8,annales10 t ,s*ussl] only pr9t$ 9 ! ye>s #adgj1 #adga1 & #adgb4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ah3 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #add4--,zapf1 ,bu*druck]ges*i*te von ,augsburg1 #a ,b&4 ,z x is probable t ! wood-cuts :i* appe> 9 books pr9t$ )9 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s f ! e/abli%m5t ( typography at ,m5tz 7 int5d$ to be col\r$1 ?is may 9 "s degree acc\nt = ! co>s5ess ) :i* !y are engrav$2 b z ! wood-cuts 9 ! e>li] block-books 7 also int5d$ to be col\r$ 9 a simil> mann]1 ! inf]iority ( ! =m] c only be acc\nt$ = by suppos+ t ! be/ wood engrav]s decl9$ to assi/ 9 promot+ :at !y w\ld consid] to be a rival art1 & t ! e>li] pr9t]s w\ld g5]ally be oblig$ to h _! cuts engrav$ by p]sons connect$ ) _! own e/abli%m5ts1 & :o _h n by a regul> c\rse ( appr5tice%ip acquir$ a k ( ! art4 ,ab\t sev5ty or eighty ye>s ago1 & until a m rec5t p]iod1 _m c\ntry pr9t]s 9 ,engl& us$ !mselves to engrave su* rude wood-cuts z !y might occasionally want4 ,a mo/ ext5sive assortm5t ( su* wood-cuts belong$ to ! pr9t+-(fice ( ! late ,mr4 ,george ,angus ( ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 :o us$ !m z head-pieces & g5]al illu/rations to ballads & *ap-books4 ,a consid]able numb] ( !m 7 cut ) a p5knife1 on pe>-tree wood1 by an appr5tice nam$ ,r&ell1 :o di$ ab\t =ty ye>s ago4 ,p]sons :o are fond ( a 8r\gh h>ve/0 ( su* mod]n-antiques are ref]r$ to ! 8,hi/orical ,delights10 ! 8,hi/ory ( ,ripon10 & o!r works publi%$ by ,?omas ,g5t at ,york ab\t #agcc4 ,not)/&+ ! rud5ess ) :i* ! cuts are engrav$ 9 ! f\r works pr9t$ by ,pfi/]1 yet f _! numb] a consid]able portion ( "t mu/ h be5 occupi$ 9 _! execution4 ,9 ! 8,f\r ,hi/ories0 !re are sixty-"o cuts1 :i* h be5 pr9t$ f fifty-five blocks4 ,9 ! 8,fables0 !re are "o hundr$ & "o cuts2 9 ! 8,compla9ts aga9/ ,dea?10 five2 & 9 ! 8,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible10 "o hundr$ & sev5ty1 reckon+ ea* subject sep>ately4 ,suppos+ ea* cut 9 ! ?ree la/ works 0 pr9t$ f a sep>ate block1 ! total numb] ( blocks requir$ = ! f\r w\ld be ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-"o4,,iv-#ai ,suppos+ t ea* cut on an av]age conta9$ z mu* "w z t :i* is numb]$ #d 9 ! prec$+ specim5s--,joseph mak+ himself kn[n to 8 bre?r5--& suppos+ t ! arti/ drew ! subjects himself1 ! execution ( ^? ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-"o cuts w\ld occupy "o p]son = ab\t two ye>s & a half1 all[+ him to "w ?ree hundr$ days 9 ea* ye>4 ,x is true t a mod]n wood engrav] might f9i% m ?an ?ree ( su* cuts 9 a week1 yet ,i "q if any "o ( ! pr(ession w\ld complete ! :ole numb]1 ) 8 own h&s1 9 less "t ?an ,i h specifi$4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ai3 ,li*t5b]g]1 9 8 ,initia ,typographica1 ref]r+ to ,spr5g]'s ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ at ,bamb]g1 says t1 besides ^? f\r1 five o!r tracts are pr9t$ ) ,pfi/]'s types1 ( :i* ?ree conta9 wood-cuts4 ,"o ( ^? ?ree1 h[ev]1 a 8,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible10 ) ! text 9 ,lat91 has ! same cuts z ! 8,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible0 ) ! text 9 ,g]man4 ,only "o ( ^? o!r five works conta9s ! place & date4 ,f ! simil>ity betwe5 ,pfi/]'s types & ^? ) :i* a ,bible )\t place or date is pr9t$1 sev]al bibliograph]s h ascrib$ ! latt] "w to 8 press4 ,?is ,bible1 :i* 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is is b\nd 9 ?ree volumes folio1 is ! r>e/ ( all editions ( ! ,scriptures pr9t$ 9 ,lat94 ,s*elhorn1 :o wrote a diss]tation on ?is edition1 endeav\r$ to %[ t x 0 ! fir/ ( ! ,bibles pr9t$ at ,m5tz1 & t x 0 p>tly pr9t$ by ,gutemb]g & ,fau/ previ\s to _! sep>ation1 & f9i%$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff] 9 #adef4;,,iv-#bj ,li*t5b]g]1 )\t expressly ass5t+ to ,s*elhorn's op9ion1 is incl9$ to ?9k t x 0 pr9t$ at ,m5tz1 & by ,gutemb]g4 ,! reasons :i* he assigns1 h[ev]1 are n su* z are likely to ga9 ass5t )\t a previ\s will+ness to believe4 ,he admits t ,pfi/]'s types are simil> to ^? ( ! ,bible1 ?\gh he says t ! =m] are some:at rud]4 ,footnote ,,iv-#bj3 ,de ,antiquissima ,lat9orum ,bibliorum editione 4 4 4 4 ,jo4 ,georgii ,s*elhorn ,diatribe4 ,ulm1 #dto4 #agfj4 ,camus consid]s t ! tracts unque/ionably pr9t$ by ,pfi/] ?r[ consid]able light on ! "q z to :om ?is ,bible is to be ascrib$4 ,!re are two specim5s ( ?is ,bible1 ! "o giv5 by ,mas* 9 8 ,biblio!ca ,sacra1 & ! o!r by ,s*elhorn1 9 a diss]tation prefix$ to ,quir9i's acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal works pr9t$ at ,rome4 ,camus1 on comp>+ ^! specim5s ) ! text ( ,pfi/]'s tracts1 imm$iately p]ceiv$ ! mo/ p]fect resemblance betwe5 ! *>act]s2 & on apply+ a trac+ ( ! la/ ?irte5 l9es ( ! 8,f\r ,hi/ories0 to ! correspond+ lett]s 9 ,s*elhorn's specim51 he f\nd t ! *>act]s exactly correspond$4 ,?is p]fect id5tity induc$ him to believe t ! ,bible describ$ by ,s*elhorn 0 pr9t$ ) ,pfi/]'s types4 ,a correspond5t 9 ,meusel's ,magaz9e1 ,no4 ,,vii4 #agid1 _h previ\sly advanc$ ! same op9ion2 & he moreov] ?\ght t ! ,bible _h be5 pr9t$ previ\s to ! ,fables dat$ #adfa1 because ! *>act]s ( ! ,bible are clean]1 & appe> z if !y _h be5 impress$ f new] types ?an ^? ( ! ,fables4,,iv-#ba ,9 support ( ?is op9ion an extract is giv51 9 ! same magaz9e1 f a curi\s manuscript ( ! date ( #adei1 & pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,crac[4 ,?is manuscript is a k9d ( diction>y ( arts & sci5ces1 compos$ by ,paul ( ,prague1 doctor ( m$ic9e & philosophy1 :o1 9 8 def9ition ( ! ^w 8,libripagus10 gives a curi\s piece ( in=mation to ! foll[+ effect4 ,! b>b>\s ,lat9 ( ! orig9al passage1 to :i* ,i %all h occasion to ref]1 w be f\nd 9 ! subjo9$ note4,,iv-#bb 8,he is an arti/ :o dext]\sly cuts figures1 lett]s1 & :atev] he pleases on plates ( copp]1 ( iron1 ( solid blocks ( wood1 & o!r mat]ials1 t he may pr9t ^u pap]1 on a wall1 or on a clean bo>d4 ,he cuts :atev] he pleases2 & he proce$s 9 ?is mann] ) respect to pictures4 ,9 my "t somebody ( ,bamb]g cut ! entire ,bible ^u plates2 9 f\r weeks he impress$ ! :ole ,bible1 ?us sculptur$1 ^u ?9 p>*m5t40 ,footnote ,,iv-#ba3 ,dr4 ,dibd9 says t a copy ( ?is ,bible1 :i* =m]ly belong$ to ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d1 & is n[ 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is1 conta9s 8an und\bt$ coeval ,,ms4 date1 9 r$ ink1 ( #adfa40--;,bibliog4 ,t\r1 vol4 ii p4 #ajh4 ,second edition4 ,footnote ,,iv-#bb3 8,libripagus e/ artifex sculp5s subtilit] 9 lam9ibus reis1 f]reis1 ac ligneis solidi ligni1 atque aliis1 imag9es1 scripturam et omne quodlibet1 ut prius imprimat papyro aut p>ieti aut ass]i mundo4 ,sc9dit omne quod cupit1 et e/ homo faci5s talia cum picturis2 et tempore mei ,bamb]g quidam sculpsit integram bibliam sup] lamellas1 et 9 quatuor septimanis totam bibliam 9 p]gam5o subtili prsignavit sculpturam40 ,al?\gh ,i am ( op9ion t ! weight ( evid5ce is 9 fav\r ( ,pfi/] be+ ! pr9t] ( ! ,bible 9 "q1 yet ,i _c ?9k t ! argum5ts :i* h be5 adduc$ 9 8 fav\r d]ive any additional support f ?is passage4 ,! writ]1 l _m o!r diction>y mak]s1 bo? 9 anci5t & mod]n times1 has f\nd x a m difficult matt] to give a cle> acc\nt ( a ?+ ?an to f9d ! synonym ( a ^w4 ,b1 not)/&+ 8 confus$ acc\nt1 ,i ?9k t ,i c p]ceive 9 x ! 8disjecta membra0 ( an anci5t ,=ms*neid] & a ,briefmal]1 b no indication ( a typograph]4 ,9 a j>gon wor?y ( ! 8,epi/ol obscurorum virorum0 he describes an arti/1 or r an artizan1 8sculp5s subtilit] 9 lam9ibus,,iv-#bc lam9is reis1 f]reis1 ac ligneis solidi ligni1 atque aliis1 imag9es1 scripturam et omne quodlibet40 ,9 ?is passage ! bus9ess ( ! 8,=ms*neid]0 may be cle>ly en\gh di/+ui%$3 he cuts figures & animals 9 plates ( copp] & iron2--b n 9 ! mann] ( a mod]n copp]-plate engrav]2 b 9 ! mann] 9 :i* a /5cill] pi]ces 8 patt]ns4 ,t ?is is ! true mean+ ( ! writ] is evid5t f ! context1 :]e9 he in=ms u ( ! arti/'s object 9 cutt+ su* lett]s & figures1 namely1 8ut prius imprimat papyro aut p>ieti aut ass]i mundo10--t he may pr9t ^u pap]1 on a wall1 or on a clean bo>d4 ,?is is evid5tly descriptive ( ! practice ( /5cill+1 & proves1 if ! manuscript be au!ntic1 t ! old 8,briefmal]s0 7 accu/om$ to 8slapda%0 walls z well z to engrave & col\r c>ds4 ,9 ! di/9ction :i* is made ( ! 8lam9ibus ligneis ligni solidi10 x is probable t ! writ] meant to specify ! diff]5ce betwe5 cutt+ out lett]s & figures on ?9 plates ( metal1 & cutt+ ^u blocks ( solid wood4 ,:5 he speaks ( a ,bible be+ cut1 at ,bamb]g1 8sup] lamellas10 he mo/ likely means a 8,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible10 engrav$ on blocks ( wood4 ,an impression ( a hundr$ or m copies ( su* a "w might easily en\gh be tak5 9 a mon? :5 ! blocks 7 all ready engrav$2 b we _c suppose t ! ,bible ascrib$ to ,pfi/] c\ld be work$ (f 9 s %ort a "t4 ,?is ,bible consi/s ( eight hundr$ & sev5ty leaves2 & to pr9t an edition ( ?ree hundr$ copies at ! rate ( ?ree hundr$ %eets a day w\ld require f\r hundr$ & fifty days4 ,ab\t ?ree hundr$ copies ( ea* "w appe>s to h be5 ! usual numb] :i* ,swe9heim & ,pann>tz & ,ulric ,hahn pr9t$1 on ! e/abli%m5t ( ! art 9 ,italy2 & ,philip de ,lignam9e 9 8 *ronicle m5tions1 "u ! ye> #adeh1 t ,gutemb]g & ,fau/1 at ,m5tz1 & ,m5tel9 at ,/rasburg1 pr9t$ ?ree hundr$ %eets 9 a day4,,iv-#bd ,footnote ,,iv-#bc3 ,9 #agic1 a le>n$ doctor ( div9ity ( ,cambridge is said 9 a l mann] to h brok5 ,priscian's head ) 8pag9ibus40 ,an epigram on ?is 8blund]bus0 is to be f\nd 9 ! 8,gradus ad ,cantabrigiam40 ,footnote ,,iv-#bd3 ,li*t5b]g]1 ,initia ,typographica1 p4 #ea4 ,( ,pfi/] no?+ m is positively kn[n ?an :at ! tracts pr9t$ by him af=d2 namely1 t he dwelt at ,bamb]g1 & ex]cis$ ! bus9ess ( a pr9t] !re 9 #adfa & #adfb4 ,he might inde$ pr9t !re bo? be=e & aft] ^? ye>s1 b ( ?is we h no direct evid5ce4 ,f #adfb to #adha no book is kn[n to h be5 pr9t$ at ,bamb]g4 ,9 ! latt] ye>1 a press 0 e/abli%$ !re by ,john ,s5s5s*midt ( ,egra1 :o _h previ\sly1 t is f #adgj1 pr9t$ sev]al works at ,nuremb]g4 ,panz]1 allud+ to ,pfi/] z ! pr9t] only ( ! ,fables & ( ! tracts conta9$ 9 ! volume describ$ by ,camus1 says t he c sc>cely believe t he _h a fix$ resid5ce at ,bamb]g2 & t ^? tracts mo/ likely proce$$ f ! press ( a travell+ pr9t]4,,iv-#be ,sev]al ( ! e>ly pr9t]s1 :o comm5c$ on _! own acc\nt1 on ! disp]sion ( ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s workm5 9 #adfb1 7 accu/om$ to travel ) _! small /ock ( mat]ials f "o place to ano!r2 sometimes f9d+ employm5t 9 a mona/]y1 & sometimes tak+ up _! tempor>y abode 9 a small t[n2 remov+ to ano!r z soon z public curiosity 0 satisfi$1 & ! dem& = ! productions ( _! press began to decl9e4 ,z !y seldom put _! names1 or t ( ! place1 to ! works :i* !y pr9t$1 x is extremely difficult to decide on ! locality or ! date ( _m old books pr9t$ 9 ,g]many4 ,x is v likely t !y 7 _! own lett]-f\nd]s1 & t !y !mselves engrav$ su* wood-cuts z !y might require4 ,z _! object 0 to ga9 money1 x is n unlikely t !y might occasionally sell a portion ( _! types to ea* o!r2,,iv-#bf or to a novice :o wi%$ to beg9 ! bus9ess1 or to a le>n$ abbot :o might be desir\s ( e/abli%+ an amateur press )9 ! prec9ct ( 8 mona/]y1 :]e copies ( ! ,faceti ( ,poggius might be multipli$ z well z ! works ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,al?\gh x has be5 ass]t$ ! monks reg>d$ ) jeal\sy ! progress ( pr9t+1 z if x 7 likely to make k too *eap1 & to int]f]e ) a "p ( _! bus9ess z transcrib]s ( books1 su* does n appe> to h be5 ! fact4 ,9 e c\ntry 9 ,europe we f9d !m to h be5 ! fir/ to enc\rage & promote ! new art2 & ! annals ( typography mo/ cle>ly %[ t ! great] "p ( ! books pr9t$ )9 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s f ! "t ( ,gutemb]g & ,fau/'s p>tn]%ip 7 *iefly = ! use ( ! monks & ! secul> cl]gy4 ,footnote ,,iv-#be3 8,opuscula qu typis m&avit typographus hic1 hact5us ignotus1 ad litt]aturam ,teutonicam p]t95t4 ,imprimis ,pfi/]um hunc ,bamb]g fixam habuisse s$em vix cr$id]im4 ,vid5tur potius hi libri ,teutonici monum5ta transeuntis typographi40--,annal4 ,typogr4 tom4 i4 p4 #adb1 cit$ by ,camus4 ,footnote ,,iv-#bf3 ,breitkopf1 ,ueb] ,bibliographie1 ,s4 #be4 #dto4 ,leipzig1 #agic4 ,f #adfb to #adfg !re appe>s to h be5 no book pr9t$ conta9+ wood-cuts4 ,9 ! latt] ye> ,ulric ,hahn1 a ,g]man1 pr9t$ at ,rome a book entitl$ 8,m$itationes ,johannis de ,turrecremata10,,iv-#bg :i* conta9s wood-cuts engrav$ 9 simple outl9e 9 a co>se mann]4 ,! "w is 9 folio1 & consi/s ( ?irty-f\r leaves ( /\t pap]1 on :i* ! wat]-m>k is a hunt]'s horn4 ,! numb] ( cuts is also ?irty-f\r2 & ! foll[+--! creation ( animals--is a r$uc$ copy ( ! fir/4 ,footnote ,,iv-#bg3 ,! foll[+ is ! title at l5g? z x is pr9t$1 9 r$ lett]s1 und]nea? ! fir/ cut3 8,m$itationes ,rev] dissimi patris di ,johannis de turre cremata sacrosce ,romane eccl'ie c>d9alis posite depicte de ipsius mdato eccl'ie ambitu ,m>ie de ,m9]va4 ,rome40 ,! book is describ$ 9 ,von ,murr's ,memorabilia ,biblio!c>4 ,public>4 ,norimb]g5sium & 9 ,dibd9's des ,al?orpian1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bgc1 ) specim5s ( ! cuts4 ,illu/ration ,! rema9d] ( ! cuts are execut$ 9 a simil> /yle2 & ?\gh design$ ) m _s ?an ^? conta9$ 9 ,pfi/]'s tracts1 yet x c sc>cely be said t !y are bett] engrav$4 ,! foll[+ is an enum]ation ( ! subjects4 #a4 ,! ,creation1 z above repres5t$4 #b4 ,! ,almighty speak+ to ,adam4 #c4 ,eve tak+ ! apple4 7,f ,no4 #c ! re/ ( ! cuts are illu/rative ( ! ,new ,te/am5t or ( ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory47 #d4 ,! ,annunciation4 #e4 ,! ,nativity4 #f4 ,circumcision ( ,*ri/4 #g4 ,adoration ( ! ,magi4 #h4 ,simeon's ,b5$iction4 #i4 ,! ,flight into ,egypt4 #aj4 ,*ri/ disput+ ) ! ,doctors 9 ! ,temple4 #aa4 ,*ri/ baptiz$4 #ab4 ,! ,temptation 9 ! ,wild]ness4 #ac4 ,! keys giv5 to ,pet]4 #ad4 ,! ,transfiguration4 #ae4 ,*ri/ wa%+ ! ,apo/les' feet4 #af4 ,! ,la/ ,supp]4 #ag4 ,*ri/ betray$ by ,judas4 #ah4 ,*ri/ l$ be=e ! ,high ,prie/4 #ai4 ,! ,crucifixion4 #bj4 ,mat] ,dolorosa4 #ba4 ,! ,desc5t into ,hell4 #bb4 ,! ,resurrection4 #bc4 ,*ri/ appe>+ to 8 ,disciples4 #bd4 ,! ,asc5sion4 #be4 ,! fea/ ( ,p5teco/ #bf4 ,! ,ho/ borne by a bi%op4 #bg4 ,! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity2 ,abraham sees ?ree & adores "o4 #bh4 ,/4 ,dom9ic ext5d$ l ! 8,/am-,h]r0 or fir/ ance/or 9 a p$igree1 & s5d+ =? num]\s bran*es z ,popes1 ,c>d9als1 & ,sa9ts4 #bi4 ,*ri/ appe>+ to ,/4 ,sixtus4 #cj4 ,! ,assumption ( ! ,virg94 #ca4 ,*ri/ seat$ amid/ a *oir ( ,angels4 #cb4 ,*ri/ seat$ at ! ,virg9's "r h& 9 ! assembly ( ,sa9ts4 #cc4 ,! ,(fice ( ,mass = ! ,dead4 #cd4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,zani says t ^? cuts 7 engrav$ by an ,italian arti/1 b beyond 8 ass]tion !re is no au?ority = ! fact4 ,x is mo/ likely t !y 7 cut by "o ( ,hahn's workm51 :o c\ld occasionally 8turn 8 h&0 to wood-engrav+ & type-f\nd+1 z well z compose & "w at press2 & x is mo/ probable t ,hahn's workm5 :5 he fir/ e/abli%$ a press 9 ,rome 7 ,g]mans1 & n ,italians4 ,! second book pr9t$ 9 ,italy ) wood-cuts is ! 8,editio ,pr9ceps0 ( ! treatise ( ,r4 ,valturius de ,re ,milit>i1 :i* appe>$ at ,v]ona f ! press ( 8,johannes de ,v]ona10 son ( ,ni*olas ! surgeon1 & ma/] ( ! art ( pr9t+4,,iv-#bh ,?is "w is d$icat$ by ! au?or to ,sigismund ,malate/a1 "l ( ,rim9i1 :o is /yl$ 9 pomp\s phrase1 8,spl5didissimum ,arm95sium ,regem ac ,imp]atorem semp] invictum40 ,! "w1 h[ev]1 mu/ h be5 writt5 sev]al ye>s be=e x 0 pr9t$1 = ,baluze transcrib$ f a ,,ms4 dat$ #adfc a lett] writt5 9 ! "n ( ,malate/a1 & s5t by ! au?or ) a copy ( 8 "w to ! ,sultan ,mahomet ,,ii4 ,! be>] ( ?is lett] 0 ! pa9t] ,matteo ,pa/i1 a fri5d ( ! au?or1 :o visit$ ,con/ant9ople at ! ,sultan's reque/ 9 ord] t he might pa9t 8 portrait4 ,x is said t ! cuts 9 ?is "w 7 design$ by ,pa/i2 & x is v probable t he might make ! draw+s 9 ,malate/a's own copy1 f :i* x is likely t ! book 0 pr9t$4 ,z ,valturius has m5tion$ ,pa/i z be+ em95tly skilful 9 ! arts ( ,pa9t+1 ,sculpture1 & ,engrav+1,,iv-#bi ,maffei has conjectur$1--& ,mr4 ,ottley adds1 8) "s appe>ance ( probability10--t ! cuts 9 "q 7 execut$ by 8 h&4 ,if su* 7 ! fact1 x only c\ld be regrett$ t an arti/ s em95t %\ld h mis-sp5t 8 "t 9 a mann] s unwor?y ( 8 reputation2 =1 all[+ t a consid]able degree ( tal5t is display$ 9 _m ( ! designs1 !re is no?+ 9 ! engrav+1 z !y are m]e outl9es1 b :at might be cut by a novice4 ,!re is n1 h[ev]1 ! slighte/ reasonable gr\nd to suppose t ^? engrav+s 7 cut by ,matteo ,pa/i1 = ,i believe t he di$ be=e pr9t+ 0 introduc$ into ,italy2 & x surely w\ld be presum+ beyond ! v]ge ( probability to ass]t t !y might be engrav$ 9 anticipation ( ! art be+ introduc$1 & ( ! book be+ pr9t$ at "s "t or o!r1 :5 ! blocks w\ld be all ready engrav$1 9 a simple /yle ( art inde$1 b ) a ma/]'s h&4 ,a ma/]-sculptor's h&1 h[ev]1 is n v easily di/+ui%$ 9 ! m]e r\gh-dress+ ( a block ( s&/one1 :i* any c\ntry mason's appr5tice might d z well4 ,x is v que/ionable if ,matteo ,pa/i 0 an engrav] 9 ! pres5t s5se ( ! ^w2 ! engrav+ meant by ,valturius 0 probably t ( gold & silv] vessels & ornam5ts2 b n ! engrav+ ( plates ( copp] or o!r metal = ! purpose ( be+ pr9t$4 ,footnote ,,iv-#bh3 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( ! colophon3 8,johannes ex v]ona oriundus3 ,nicolai cyrurgie m$ici filius3 ,artis impressorie magi/]3 hunc de re milit>i librum elegantissimum3 litt]is et figuratis signis sua 9 patria primus impressit4 ,an4 ,,mcccclxxii40 ,footnote ,,iv-#bi3 8,valturius speaks ( ,pa/i 9 "o ( 8 lett]s z be+ em95tly skilful 9 ! arts ( ,pa9t+1 ,sculpture1 & ,engrav+40--,ottley1 ,inquiry1 p4 #beg4 ,sev]al ( ^? cuts occupy an entire folio page1 ?\gh ! great] numb] are ( small] size4 ,!y *iefly repres5t w>like eng9es1 :i* display consid]able me*anical skill on ! "p ( ! contriv]2 modes ( attack & def5ce bo? by l& & wat]1 ) v>i\s contrivances = pass+ a riv] :i* is n =dable1 by means ( rafts1 inflat$ bladd]s1 & float+ bridges4 ,9 "s ( !m inv5tions may be notic$ :i* are g5]ally ascrib$ to a lat] p]iod3 su* z a boat ) paddle-:eels1 :i* are put 9 motion by a k9d ( crank2 a gun ) a /ock1 fir$ f ! %\ld]2 & a bomb-%ell4 ,x has frequ5tly be5 ass]t$ t h&-guns 7 fir/ introduc$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 yet ! figure ( "o 9 ! "w ( ,valturius makes x evid5t t !y 7 kn[n "s "t be=e4 ,x is also likely t ! draw+ 0 made & ! description writt5 at lea/ t5 ye>s be=e ! book 0 pr9t$4 ,x has also be5 g5]ally ass]t$ t bomb-%ells 7 fir/ us$ by ,*>les ,,viii4 ( ,france :5 besieg+ ,naples 9 #adie4 ,valturius1 h[ev]1 9 treat+ ( cannon1 ascribes ! inv5tion to ,malate/a4,,iv-#cj ,gibbon1 9 *apt] lxviii4 ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 notices ?is cut ( a bomb-%ell4 ,8 ref]5ce is to ! second edition ( ! "w1 9 ,italian1 pr9t$ also at ,v]ona by ,bon9 de ,bononis 9 #adhc1 ) ! same cuts z ! fir/ edition 9 ,lat94,,iv-#ca ,! two foll[+ cuts are fac-similes ( ! bomb-%ell & ! h&-gun1 z repres5t$ 9 ! edition ( #adgb4 ,! figure arm$ ) ! gun1--a portion ( a l>ge cut1--is fir+ f a k9d ( float+ batt]y2 & 9 ! orig9al two figures arm$ ) simil> weapons are /ation$ imm$iately above him4 ,footnote ,,iv-#cj3 8,inv5tum e/ quoque alt]um ma*9 hujusce tuum ,sigismonde ,panpulfe ,malate/a3 qua pil ne torm5t>ii pulv]is pl5 cum fungi aridi fomite uri5tis emittuntur40--,we h5ce le>n t ! fir/ bomb-%ells 7 made ( copp]1 & t ! fuzee 0 a piece ( a dri$ fungus4 ,z ! fir/ edition has nei!r num]als nor signatures1 ,i _c ref] to ! page 9 :i* ! above passage is to be f\nd4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 opposite to ! cut 9 :i* ! bomb-%ell appe>s1 & t is ab\t ! middle ( ! volume4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ca3 8,rob]t ,valturio publi%$ at ,v]ona1 9 #adhc1 8 twelve books de ,re ,milit>i1 9 :i* he fir/ m5tions ! use ( bombs4 ,by 8 patron ,sigismond ,malate/i1 ,pr9ce ( ,rim9i1 x _h be5 address$ ) a ,lat9 epi/le to ,mahomet ,,ii40--,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 *ap4 lxviii41 note4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ fac-simile ( a cut repres5t+ a man %oot+ ) a cross-b[ is ! be/ 9 ! book4 ,! draw+ ( ! figure is good1 & ! attitude graceful & natural4 ,! figure1 inde$1 is n only ! be/ 9 ! "w ( ,valturius1 b is "o ( ! be/1 s f> z respects ! draw+1 t is to be met ) 9 any book pr9t$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration ,! practice ( introduc+ wood-cuts into pr9t$ books seems to h be5 fir/ g5]ally adopt$ at ,augsburg1 :]e ,gun!r ,za9]1 9 #adga1 pr9t$ a ,g]man translation ( ! 8,leg5da ,sanctorum0 ) figures ( ! sa9ts co>sely engrav$ on wood4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 is ! fir/ book1 aft] ,pfi/]'s tracts1 pr9t$ 9 ,g]many ) wood-cuts & conta9+ a date4 ,9 #adgb he pr9t$ a second volume ( ! same "w1 & an edition ( ! book entitl$ 8,belial10,,iv-#cb bo? conta9+ wood-cuts4 ,sev]al o!r works pr9t$ by him betwe5 #adga & #adge are illu/rat$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,za9]'s example 0 foll[$ at ,augsburg by 8 contempor>ies ,john ,bml] & ,john ,s*ussl]2 & by !m1 & ,an?ony ,sorg1 :o fir/ began to pr9t !re ab\t #adge1 m books ) wood-cuts 7 pr9t$ 9 t city previ\s to #adhj ?an at any o!r place )9 ! same p]iod4 ,9 #adgg ! fir/ ,g]man ,bible ) wood-cuts 0 pr9t$ by ,sorg1 :o pr9t$ ano!r edition ) ! same cuts & initial lett]s 9 #adhj4 ,9 #adhc he pr9t$ an acc\nt ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance held 9 #adca1 ) upw>ds ( a ?\s& wood-cuts ( figures & ( ! arms ( ! pr9cipal p]sons bo? lay & spiritual :o att5d$ ! c\ncil4 ,^u ?is "w ,gebh>d1 9 8 ,g5ealogical ,hi/ory ( ! ,h]itable ,/ates ( ! ,g]man ,empire1 makes ! foll[+ obs]vations3--8,! fir/ pr9t$ collection ( arms is t ( #adhc 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance writt5 by ,ulri* ,rei*5?al4 ,to ?is c\ncil we are indebt$ accid5tally = ! collection4 ,f ! ?irte5? c5tury x 0 cu/om>y to hang up ! %ields ( noble & hon\rable p]sons deceas$ 9 *ur*es2 & subsequ5tly ! practice 0 introduc$ ( pa9t+ !m ^u ! walls1 or ( plac+ !m 9 ! w9d[s 9 /a9$ glass4 ,a simil> cu/om prevail$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance2 = e p]son ( consid]ation :o att5d$ _h 8 arms pa9t$ on ! wall 9 front ( 8 *amb]2 & ?us ,rei*5?al1 :o caus$ ^? arms to be copi$ & engrav$ on wood1 0 enabl$ to give 9 8 hi/ory ! fir/ g5]al collection ( coat-arm\r :i* _h appe>$2 z em95t p]sons f all ! ,ca?olic /ates ( ,europe att5d$ ?is c\ncil40,,iv-#cc ,footnote ,,iv-#cb3 ,von ,murr says t ! p]son :o engrav$ ! cuts = ?is book also engrav$ ! cuts 9 a ,g]man edition ( ! ,speculum )\t date1 b pr9t$ at ,augsburg1 & d$icat$ to ,john von ,gilt+5 abbot ( ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,ulric & ,/4 ,afra1 :o 0 *os5 to t (fice 9 #adhb4 ,he9ek5 suppos$ t ! p]son to :om ! book 0 d$icat$ 0 ,john von ,hoh5/e91 b he resign$ ! (fice ( abbot 9 #adei2 & ! book 0 c]ta9ly n pr9t$ at t p]iod4--,see ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gn4 p4 #dff2 & ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #ade4 ,footnote ,,iv-#cc3 ,l4 ,a4 ,gebh>d1 ,g5ealogis*e ,ges*i*te1 #a ,!il1 ,vorr$e1 ,s4 #aa4 ,cit$ by ,vei? 9 8 8,diatribe10 prefix$ to ,zapf's 8,annales ,typographi ,augu/an40 ,! practice ( introduc+ wood-cuts became 9 a few ye>s g5]al ?r\gh\t ,g]many4 ,9 #adgc1 ,john ,za9] ( ,reutl+51 :o is said to h be5 ! bro!r ( ,gun!r1 pr9t$ an edition ( ,boccacio's "w 8,de muli]ibus cl>is10 ) wood-cuts1 at ,ulm4 ,9 #adgd ! fir/ edition ( ,w]n] ,rolew9ck de ,la]'s *ronicle1 entitl$ 8,fasciculus ,temporum10 0 pr9t$ ) wood-cuts by ,arnold ,!r-,ho]n5 at ,cologne2 & 9 #adgf an edition ( ! same "w1 also ) wood-cuts1 0 pr9t$ at ,l\va9 by ,john ,veld5]1 :o previ\sly _h be5 a pr9t] at ,cologne4 ,9 ano!r edition ( ! same "w pr9t$ by ,veld5] at ,utre*t 9 #adhj1 ! fir/ page is surr\nd$ ) a bord] ( foliage & fl[]s cut on wood2 & ano!r page1 ab\t ! middle ( ! volume1 is ornam5t$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,^! are ! e>lie/ in/ances ( ornam5tal bord]s f wood-blocks :i* ,i h obs]v$4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury title-pages surr\nd$ ) ornam5tal bord]s are frequ5t4 ,f ! "n ( ^? bord]s1 ,rahm51 ! ,g]man wood engrav]s ( t p]iod are sometimes call$ ,rahm5s*neid]s4 ,prosp] ,m>*&1 9 8 8,dictionnaire ,hi/orique10 tom4 ii4 p4 #aef1 has /at$ t ,erh>d ,ratdolt1 a native ( ,augsburg1 :o began to pr9t at ,v5ice ab\t #adge1 0 ! fir/ pr9t] :o introduc$ fl[]$ initial lett]s1 & vignettes--mean+ by ! latt] t]m wood-cuts2 b 8 in=mation is sc>cely correct4 ,wood-cuts--)\t ref]5ce to ,pfi/]'s tracts1 :i* 7 n kn[n :5 ,m>*& wrote--7 introduc$ at ,augsburg six ye>s be=e ,ratdolt & 8 p>tn]s,,iv-#cd pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #adgf ! 8,cal5d>ium ,joannis ,regiomontani10 ! "w to :i* ,m>*& alludes4 ,x may be true t he introduc$ a new k9d ( initial lett]s ornam5t$ ) fl[]s 9 ?is "w1 b mu* m beautiful initial lett]s _h appe>$ long be=e 9 ! ,psalt]1 9 ! 8,dur&i ,rationale10 & ! 8,donatus0 pr9t$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff]4 ,! fir/ p]son :o m5tions ,ratdolt z ! inv5tor ( 8flor5tes litt]10 s nam$ f ! fl[]s ) :i* !y are int]mix$1 is ,maittaire1 9 8 ,annales ,typographici1 tom4 i4 "p i4 p4 #ec4 ,footnote ,,iv-#cd3 ,! foll[+ colophon to an edition ( ,appian in=ms u t 8 p>tn]s 7 ,b]n>d ! pa9t] & ,pet] ,losle91 :o also act$ z corrector ( ! press3 8,impressum e/ hoc opus ,v5etiis p] ,b]n>d pictorem ,erh>dum ratdolt de ,augu/a una cum ,petro ,losle9 de ,lang5z5 correctore ac socio4 ,laus ,deo4 ,,mcccclxxvii40 ,9 #adhc ,veld5]1,,iv-#ce z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$ at page #ajf1 pr9t$ at ,culemburg an edition 9 small qu>to ( ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 ) ! same blocks z _h be5 us$ 9 ! e>li] folio editions1 :i* are s confid5tly ascrib$ to ,lawr5ce ,co/]4 ,9 ,veld5]'s edition ea* ( ! l>ge blocks1 consi/+ ( two comp>tm5ts1 is sawn 9 two 9 ord] to adapt !m to a small] page4 ,a ,g]man translation ( ! ,speculum1 ) wood-cuts1 0 pr9t$ at ,basle1 9 folio1 9 #adgf2 & ,jans5 says t ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ,france ) wood-cuts 0 an edition ( ! ,speculum1 at ,lyons1 9 #adgh2 & t ! second 0 a translation ( ! book nam$ 8,belial10 pr9t$ at ! same place 9 #adhb4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ce3 ,veld5] at ! conclusion ( a book pr9t$ by him 9 #adgf1 conta9+ 8,epi/ol>es quasdam =mulas10 ?us in=ms ! read] ( 8 "n & qualifications3 8,accipito huic artifici nom5 esse magi/ro ,johanni ,veld5]1 cui quidem c]ta manu insculp5di1 cel&i1 intorcul&i1 c>act]&i adsit indu/ria2 adde et figur&i et effigi5di40 ,t is1 8 "n 0 ,john ,veld5]2 he c\ld engrave1 c\ld "w bo? at press & case1 & moreov] he knew some?+ ( sculpture1 & c\ld pa9t a little4 ,! fir/ pr9t$ book 9 ! ,engli% language t conta9s wood-cuts is ! second edition ( ,caxton's 8,game & ,playe ( ! ,*esse10 a small folio1 )\t date or place1 b g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ ab\t #adgf4;,,iv-#cf ,! fir/ edition ( ! same "w1 )\t cuts1 0 pr9t$ 9 #adgd4 ,on ! blank leaves at ! end ( a copy ( ! fir/ edition 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y1 at ! ,briti% ,museum1 !re is writt5 9 a contempor>y h& a li/ ( ! bann]ets & knights,,iv-#cg made at ! battle ( 8,/ooke by syde new]ke apon tr5t ! xvi day ( june ! iide y] ( h>ry ! vii40 t is1 9 #adhg4 ,9 ?is battle ,m>t9 ,sw>t 0 kill$4 ,he comm&$ ! ,flem+s1 :o 7 s5t by ! ,du*ess ( ,burgundy to assi/ ,lamb]t ,simnel4 ,x 0 at ! reque/ ( ! du*ess1 :o 0 ,edw>d ! ,f\r?'s si/]1 t ,caxton translat$ ! 8,recuyell ( ! ,hi/oryes ( ,troye10 ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ! ,engli% language1 & :i* appe>$ at ,cologne 9 #adga or #adgb4 ,footnote ,,iv-#cf3 ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gn4 p4 #bjg1 errone\sly /ates t ! fir/ book ) wood-cuts pr9t$ 9 ,engl& 0 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 by ,caxton1 9 #adhc4 ,x is probable t ! second edition ( ! ,game ( ,*ess prec$$ x by sev5 ye>s1 & x c]ta9ly 0 pr9t$ aft] ! ,mirror ( ! ,_w4 ,footnote ,,iv-#cg3 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! names z !y are writt53 8,s gilb]t talbott 4 ,s ,john *e9y 4 ,s willi /on] 4 ,!is iij w] made by=e ! bataile1 & aft] ! bataile 7 made ! same day 3 ,sr4 ,john ( ,arundell 4 ,?omas ,cooksey 4 ,john =teskew 4 ,edmond b5yngfeld 4 james bl\nt 4 ric 4 ( ,cr(fte 4 ,ge(rey ,/anley 4 ric 4 delab] 4 ,john mortym] 4 willi tr\tbeke40 ,! above appe> to h be5 creat$ ,bann]ets1 = aft] !m foll[s a li/ ( 8,knyghtes made at ! same bataile40 ,x is likely t ! own] ( ! volume 0 at ! battle1 & t ! names 7 writt5 imm$iately aft]4 ,9 ,dr4 ,dibd9's edition ( ,ames's ,typographical ,antiquities !re is a 8,description ( ! ,pieces & ,pawns0 9 ! second edition ( ,caxton's ,*ess2 :i* description is said to be illu/rat$ ) facsimile wood-cuts4 ,!re are inde$ fac-similes ( "s ( ! figures giv51 b n ( ! wood-cuts g5]ally2 = 9 almo/ e cut giv5 by ,dr4 ,dibd9 ! back-gr\nd ( ! orig9al is omitt$4 ,9 ! description ( ! fir/ fac-simile !re is also an error3 x is said to be 8! fir/ cut 9 ! "w10 :ile 9 fact x is ! second4 ,! foll[+ ,i believe to be a correct li/ ( ^! fir/ fruits ( ,engli% wood-engrav+4 #a4 ,an execution] ) an axe cutt+ to pieces1 on a block1 ! limbs ( a man4 ,on ! head1 :i* is ly+ on ! gr\nd1 !re is a cr[n4 ,birds are se5 seiz+ & fly+ away ) portions ( ! limbs4 ,!re are build+s 9 ! di/ance1 & ?ree figures1 "o ( :om is a k+ ) a cr[n & sceptre1 appe> look+ on4 #b4 ,a figure sitt+ at a table1 ) a *ess-bo>d be=e him1 & hold+ "o ( ! *ess-m5 9 8 h&4 ,?is is ! cut :i* ,dr4 ,dibd9 says is ! fir/ 9 ! book4 #c4 ,a k+ & ano!r p]son play+ at *ess4 #d4 ,! k+ at *ess1 seat$ on a ?rone4 #e4 ,! k+ & que54 #f4 ,! 8alphyns10 n[ call$ 8bi%ops0 9 ! game ( *ess1 89 ! man] ( judges sittyng40 #g4 ,! knight4 #h4 ,! 8rook10 or ca/le1 a figure on horseback we>+ a hood & hold+ a /aff 9 8 h&4 ,f ,no4 #i to ,no4 #ae inclusive1 ! pawns are ?us repres5t$4 #i4 ,lab\r]s & workm51 ! pr9cipal figure repres5t+ ! fir/ pawn1 ) a spade 9 8 "r h& & a c>t-:ip 9 8 left4 #aj4 ,! second pawn1 a smi? ) 8 buttriss 9 ! /r+ ( 8 apron1 & a hamm] 9 8 "r h&4 #aa4 ,! ?ird pawn1 repres5t$ z a cl]k1 t is a writ] or transcrib]1 9 ! same s5se z ,pet] ,s*eff] & ,ulric ,zell are /yl$ cl]ici1 ) 8 case ( writ+ mat]ials at 8 girdle1 a pair ( %e>s 9 "o h&1 & a l>ge knife 9 ! o!r4 ,! knife1 :i* has a l>ge curv$ blade1 appe>s m fit = a but*]'s *opp] ?an to make or m5d p5s4 #ab4 ,! f\r? pawn1 a man ) a pair ( scales1 & hav+ a purse at 8 girdle1 repres5t+ 8m>*auntes or *aung]s40 #ac4 ,! fif? pawn1 a figure seat$ on a *air1 hav+ 9 8 "r h& a book1 & 9 8 left a sort ( casket or box ( o9tm5ts1 repres5t+ a physician1 spic]1 or apo!c>y4 #ad4 ,! six? pawn1 an innkeep]1 receiv+ a gue/4 #ae4 ,! sev5? pawn1 a figure ) a y>d measure 9 8 "r h&1 a bun* ( keys 9 8 left1 & an op5 purse at 8 girdle1 repres5t+ 8cu/om]s & tolle gad]]s40 #af4 ,! eigh? pawn1 a figure ) a sort ( badge on 8 brea/ ne> to 8 "r %\ld]1 aft] ! mann] ( a nobleman's reta9]1 & hold+ a pair ( dice 9 8 left h&1 repres5t+ dice-play]s1 mess5g]s1 & 8curr\rs10 t is 8c\ri]s40 ,9 old au?ors ! num]\s idle reta9]s ( ! nobility are frequ5tly repres5t$ z gambl]s1 swa%-buckl]s1 & tav]n-haunt]s4 ,al?\gh !re are tw5ty-f\r impressions 9 ! volume1 yet !re are only sixte5 subjects1 z describ$ above2 ! rema9+ eight be+ repetitions ( ! cuts numb]$ #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h & #aj1 ) two impressions ( ! cut ,no4 #b1 besides t t[>ds ! comm5cem5t4 ,illu/ration ,! above cut is a r$uc$ copy ( ! knight1 ,no4 #g2 & 8 "* is ?us describ$3 8,! knyght ought to be maad al arm$ ^u an hors 9 su*e wise t he h an helme on 8 he$ & a sp]e 9 8 "r hond1 & cov]id ) 8 %elde1 a sw]de & a mace on 8 left syde 4 clad ) an halb]ke & plates t(ore 8 bre/e 4 legge h>noys on 8 legges 4 spores on 8 heelis1 on hys h&es hys gauntelettes 4 hys hors wel brok5 & taught & apte to bataylle & cov]yd ) hys armes4 ,:5 ! ,knyghtes be5 maad !y b5 bayn$ or ba!d 4 ,t is ! signe t !y %olde l$e a newe lyf & newe man]s 4 also !y wake alle ! nyght 9 pray]s & orisons unto god t he wil geve hem grace t !y may gete t ?yng t !y may n gete by nature4 ,! kyng or prynce gyrde? a b\te !m a sw]de 9 signe t !y %old abyde & kep5 hym ( :om !y tak5 _! disp5ces & dignyte40 ,! foll[+ cut ( ! six? or bi%op's pawn1 ,no4 #ad1 8:i*e is lyk5$ to tav]n]s & vytayll]s10 is ?us describ$ 9 ,caxton's own words3 8,! sixte pawn :i*e /onde? be=e ! alphyn on ! lyfte syde is made 9 ?is =me 4 f= hit is a man t ha? ! "r hond /ret*$ out = to calle m51 & holde? 9 8 left honde a lo( ( bre$ & a cuppe ( wyn 4 & on 8 gurdel hangyng a bondel ( keyes1 & ?is resembli? ! tav]n]s ho/el]s & sell>s ( vytayl 4 & ^! ought prop]ly to be sette to =e ! alphyn z to =e a juge1 = !re s\rde? (t tymes amonge hem cont5cion noyse & /ryf1 :i* behove? to be det]myn$ & trayt$ by ! alphyn :i* is juge ( ! kynge40 ,illu/ration ,! next book conta9+ wood-cuts pr9t$ by ,caxton is ! 8,mirr\r ( ! ,_w1 or ?ymage ( ! same10 z he entitles x at ! head ( ! table ( cont5ts4 ,x is a ?9 folio consi/+ ( "o hundr$ leaves2 &1 9 ! ,prologue1 ,caxton in=ms ! read] t x 8conteyne? 9 all lxvii *apitres & xxvii figures1 )\t :i* x may n lightly be und]/de40 ,he also says t he translat$ x f ! ,fr5* at ! 8reque/1 desire1 co/e1 & disp5se ( ! hon\rable & wor%ipful man ,hugh ,bryce1 ald]man cytezeyn ( ,london10 :o int5d$ to pres5t ! same to ,william1 ,"l ,ha/+s1 *amb]la9 to ,edw>d ,,iv1 & lieut5ant ( ! same = ! t[n ( ,calais & ! m>*es !re4 ,on ! la/ page he aga9 m5tions ,hugh ,bryce & ,"l ,ha/+s1 & says ( 8 translation3 8,:i*e book ,i begun fir/ to trslate ! second day ( ,janyu] ! y]e ( our "l ,m4cccc4lxxx4 ,& fynys%$ ! viii day ( ,m>*e ! same y]e1 & ! xxi y]e ( ! reign ( ! mo/ cry/5 kynge1 ,kynge ,edw>d ! f\r!40,,iv-#ch ,footnote ,,iv-#ch3 ,edw>d ,,iv4 began to reign #d? ,m>* #adfa2 ! tw5ty-fir/ ye> ( 8 reign w\ld consequ5tly comm5ce on #d? ,m>* #adha2 ,caxton's dates !re=e d n agree1 unless we suppose t he reckon$ ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> f #ba/ ,m>*4 ,if s1 8 date viii ,m>* #adhj1 & ! xxi ye> ( ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,iv4 w\ld agree2 & ! ye> ( ,*ri/1 accord+ to our pres5t mode ( reckon+1 w\ld be #adha4 ,dr4 ,dibd9 assigns to ! ,mirror ! date #adha4--,typ4 ,ant4 i4 p4 #ajj4 ,! 8xxvii figures0 m5tion$ by ,caxton1 )\t :i* ! "w might n be easily und]/ood1 are *iefly diagrams explanatory ( ! pr9ciples ( a/ronomy & diall+2 b besides ^? tw5ty-sev5 cuts ! book conta9s elev5 m1 :i* may be consid]$ z illu/rative r ?an explanatory4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ^? elev5 cuts 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y occur4 ,!y are less ?an ! cuts 9 ! 8,game ( ,*ess20 ! mo/ ( !m n exce$+ ?ree in*es & a half by ?ree4,,iv-#ci ,footnote ,,iv-#ci3 ,fac-similes ( six ( ^? cuts are giv5 9 ,dr4 ,dibd9's edition ( ,ames's ,typographical ,antiquities1 vol4 i4 p4 #aaj-aab4 #a4 ,a s*ool-ma/] or 8doctor10 g[n$1 & seat$ on a high-back$ *air1 tea*+ f\r y\?s :o are on _! knees4 #b4 ,a p]son seat$ on a l[-back$ *air1 hold+ 9 8 h& a k9d ( globe2 a/ronomical in/rum5ts on a table be=e him4 #c4 ,*ri/1 or ! ,godhead1 hold+ 9 8 h& a ball & cross4 #d4 ,! creation ( ,eve1 :o appe>s com+ out ( ,adam's side4--,! next cuts are figurative ( ! 8sev5 arts lib]al40 #e4 ,gramm>4 ,a tea*] ) a l>ge bir*-rod seat$ on a *air1 8 f\r pupils be=e him on _! knees4 #f4 ,logic4 ,figure b>e-head$ seat$ on a *air1 & hav+ be=e him a book on a k9d ( read+-/&1 :i* he appe>s exp\nd+ to 8 pupils :o are kneel+4 #g4 ,rhetoric4 ,an upright figure 9 a g[n1 to :om ano!r1 kneel+1 pres5ts a pap]1 f :i* a seal is se5 dep5d+4 #h4 ,ari?metic4 ,a figure seat$1 & hav+ be=e him a tablet inscrib$ ) num]ical *>act]s4 #i4 ,geometry4 ,a figure /&+1 ) a pair ( compasses 9 8 h&1 ) :i* he seems to be draw+ diagrams on a table4 #aj4 ,music4 ,a female figure ) a %eet ( music 9 h] h&1 s++1 & a man play+ on ! ,engli% flute4 #aa4 ,a/ronomy4 ,figure ) a k9d ( quadrant 9 8 h&1 :o seems to be tak+ an obs]vation4--,an idea may be =m$ ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^? cuts are engrav$ f ! fac-simile on ! next page ( ,no4 #aj1 8,music40 ,!re are wood-cuts 9 ! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 #adhc2 ! ,fables ( ,esop1 #adhd2 ,*auc]'s ,cant]bury ,tales1 & o!r books pr9t$ by ,caxton2 b x is unnecess>y ei!r to enum]ate !m or to give specim5s1 z !y are all execut$ 9 ! same rude mann] z ! cuts 9 ! ,book ( ,*ess & ! ,mirror ( ! ,_w4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,hunt+ & ,hawk+ pr9t$ at ,/4 ,albans1 #adhf1 !re are rude wood-cuts2 z also 9 a second & enl>g$ edition ( ! same book pr9t$ by ,wynkyn de ,worde1 ,caxton's successor1 at ,we/m9/] 9 #adif4 ,! mo/ consid]able wood-cut pr9t$ 9 ,engl& previ\s to #aejj is1 s f> z reg>ds ! design1 a repres5tation ( ! ,crucifixion at ! end ( ! ,gold5 ,leg5d pr9t$ by ,wynkyn de ,worde 9 #adic4;,,iv-#dj ,9 ?is cut1 nei!r ( ! ?ieves on ea* side ( ,*ri/ appe>s to be nail$ to ! cross4 ,! arms ( ! ?ief on ! "r ( ,*ri/ hang beh9d1 & are b\nd to ! transv]se piece ( ! cross1 :i* passes und]nea? 8 %\ld]s4 ,8 feet are nei!r b\nd nor nail$ to ! cross4 ,! feet ( ! ?ief to ! left ( ,*ri/ are ti$ to ! upright piece ( ! cross1 to :i* 8 h&s are also b\nd1 8 %\ld]s re/+ ^u ! top1 & 8 face turn$ upw>d t[>ds ! sky4 ,to ! left is se5 ! ,virg91--:o has fall5 d[n1--support$ by ,/4 ,john4 ,9 ! back-gr\nd to ! "r1 ! arti/1 l sev]al o!rs ( t p]iod1 has repres5t$ ,*ri/ be>+ 8 cross4 ,illu/ration ,dr4 ,dibd91 at page #h ( ! 8,disquisition on ! ,e>ly ,/ate ( ,engrav+ & ,ornam5tal ,pr9t+ 9 ,great ,brita910 prefix$ to ,ames's & ,h]b]t's ,typographical ,antiquities1 makes ! foll[+ obs]vations on ?is cut3 8,! #8,crucifixion' at ! end ( ! #8,gold5 ,leg5d' ( #adic1 :i* ,wynkyn de ,worde has s frequ5tly subjo9$ to 8 religi\s pieces1 is1 unque/ionably1 ! ef=t ( "s +5i\s =eign arti/4 ,x is n v improbable t ,rub5s _h a recollection ( "o ( ! ?ieves1 twi/$1 f convulsive agony1 r\nd ! top ( ! cross1 :5 he execut$ 8 celebrat$ picture ( ! same subject40,,iv-#da ,9 ,de ,worde's cut1 h[ev]1 x is to be rem>k$ t ! contort$ attitude ( bo? ! ?ieves results r f ! mann] 9 :i* !y are b\nd to ! cross1 ?an f ! convulsions ( agony4 ,footnote ,,iv-#dj3 ,a l>ge fl[]$ lett]1 a ,t1 cut on wood1 occurs on ! same page z ! ,crucifixion4 ,footnote ,,iv-#da3 ,9 a note ^u ?is passage ,dr4 ,dibd9 gives ! foll[+ extract f ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 8,to give animation to ?is subject1 ,rub5s has *os5 ! po9t ( "t :5 an execution] is pi]c+ ! side ( ,*ri/1 :ile ano!r ) a b> ( iron is break+ ! limbs ( "o ( ! malefactors1 :o 9 8 convulsive agony1 :i* 8 body admirably expresses1 has torn "o ( 8 feet f ! tree to :i* x 0 nail$4 ,! expression 9 ! action ( ! figure is wond]ful40 ,at page #g ( ! same ,disquisition x is said t ! figures 9 ! ,game ( ,*ess1 ! ,mirror ( ! ,_w1 & o!r works pr9t$ by ,caxton 8are1 9 all probability1 n ! g5u9e productions ( ?is c\ntry2 & may be trac$ to books ( an e>li] date pr9t$ abroad1 f :i* !y 7 (t5 borr[$ )\t ackn[l$gm5t or ! lea/ reg>d to ! "w 9 :i* !y aga9 appe>$4 ,caxton1 h[ev]1 has judici\sly tak5 "o ( ! pr9ts f ! #8,biblia ,paup]um' to introduce 9 8 #8,life ( ,*ri/4' ,! cuts = 8 second edition ( #8,*auc]'s ,cant]bury ,tales' may p]haps safely be consid]$ z ! g5u9e inv5tion & execution ( a ,briti% arti/40 ,al?\gh ,i am well aw>e t ! pr9t]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7 accu/om$ to copy )\t ackn[l$gm5t ! cuts :i* appe>$ 9 ea* o!r's books1 & ?\gh ,i ?9k x likely t ,caxton might occasionally resort to ! same practice1 yet ,i am decid$ly ( op9ion t ! cuts 9 ! 8,game ( ,*ess0 & ! 8,mirror ( ! ,_w0 7 design$ & engrav$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,caxton's ,game ( ,*ess is c]ta9ly ! fir/ book ( ! k9d :i* appe>$ ) wood-cuts 9 any c\ntry2 & ,i am fur!r ( op9ion t 9 no book pr9t$ previ\s to #adha w ! presum$ orig9als ( ! elev5 pr9cipal cuts 9 ! ,mirror ( ! ,_w be f\nd4 ,be=e we are requir$ to believe t ! cuts 9 ^? two books 7 copi$ f simil> designs by "s =eign arti/1 we ought to be in=m$ 9 :at "w su* orig9als are to be f\nd4 ,if !re be any m]it 9 a fir/ design1 h[ev] rude1 x is b j to assign x to him :o fir/ employs ! unkn[n arti/ & makes 8 productions kn[n4 ,caxton's claims to ! m]it ( 8illu/rat+0 ! ,game ( ,*ess & ! ,mirror ( ! ,_w ) wood-cuts f orig9al designs1 ,i conceive to be indisputable4 ,dr4 ,dibd91 9 a long note at pages #cc1 #cd1 & #ce ( ! ,typographical ,antiquities1 gives a confus$ acc\nt ( ! e>lie/ editions ( books on *ess4 ,he m5tions z ! fir/1 a ,lat9 edition--suppos$ by ,sant&] to be ! "w ( ,jacobus de ,cessolis--9 folio1 pr9t$ ab\t ! ye> #adgc1 by ,ketela] & ,leempt4 ,9 ?is edition1 h[ev]1 !re are no cuts1 & ! date is only conjectural4 ,he says t two editions ( ! "w ( ,jacobus de ,cessolis on ! ,morality ( ,*ess1 9 ,g]man & ,italian1 ) wood-cuts1 7 pr9t$1 )\t date1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & he adds3 8,:e!r ,caxton borr[$ ! cuts 9 8 second edition f ^? 9 ! #hvo4 ,g]man edition )\t date1 or f ?is latt] ,italian "o1 ,i am n able to asc]ta91 hav+ se5 nei!r40 ,he seems satisfi$ t ,caxton _h borr[$ ! cuts 9 8 book ( *ess1 ?\gh he is at a loss to discov] ! p>ty :o might h !m to l5d4 ,_h he ev5 se5 ! two editions :i* he m5tions1 he c\ld n h kn[n :e!r ,caxton _h borr[$ 8 cuts f !m or n until he _h asc]ta9$ t !y 7 pr9t$ previ\sly to ! ,engli% edition4 ,!re is a ,g]man edition ( ,jacobus de ,cessolis1 9 folio1 ) wood-cuts suppos$ to be pr9t$ 9 #adgg1 at ,augsburg1 by ,gun!r ,za9]1 b bo? date & pr9t]'s "n are conjectural4 ,! fir/ ,g]man edition ( ?is "w ) wood-cuts1 & hav+ a positive date1 ,i believe to be t pr9t$ at ,/rasburg by ,h5ry ,knoblo*z] 9 #adhc4 ,until a "w on *ess %all be produc$ ( an e>li] date ?an t ascrib$ to ,caxton's1 & conta9+ simil> wood-cuts1 ,i %all cont9ue to believe t ! wood-cuts 9 ! second ,engli% edition ( ! 8,game & ,playe ( ! ,*esse0 7 bo? design$ & execut$ by an ,engli% arti/2 & ,i prote/ aga9/ bibliograph]s go+ a-begg+ ) wood-cuts f\nd 9 old ,engli% books1 & ascrib+ !m to =eign arti/s1 be=e !y h tak5 ! slighte/ pa9s to asc]ta9 :e!r su* cuts 7 execut$ 9 ,engl& or n4 ,! wood-cuts 9 ! ,game ( ,*ess & ! ,mirror ( ! ,_w are equally z good z ! wood-cuts :i* are to be f\nd 9 books pr9t$ abroad ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,!y are ev5 decid$ly bett] ?an ^? 9 ,an?ony ,sorg's ,g]man ,bible1 ,augsburg1 #adhj1 or ^? 9 ,veld5]'s edition ( ! ,fasciculus ,temporum1 pr9t$ at ,utre*t 9 ! same ye>4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t mo/ ( ! wood-cuts :i* appe> 9 books pr9t$ by ,caxton & ,de ,worde 7 execut$ abroad2 on ! presumption t !re 7 at t p]iod no pr(ess$ wood engrav]s 9 ,engl&4 ,al?\gh ,i am incl9$ to believe t )9 ! fifte5? c5tury !re 7 no p]sons 9 ?is c\ntry :o practis$ wood engrav+ z a di/9ct pr(ession1 yet x by no means foll[s f su* an admission t ,caxton's & ,de ,worde's cuts mu/ h be5 engrav$ by =eign arti/s4 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y are execut$ is s co>se t !y might be cut by any p]son :o c\ld h&le a grav]4 ,look+ at !m m]ely z specim5s ( wood engrav+1 !y are n g5]ally sup]ior to ! practice-blocks cut by a mod]n wood-engrav]'s appr5tice )9 ! fir/ mon? ( 8 noviciate4 ,i conceive t !re w\ld be no great] difficulty 9 f9d+ a p]son capable ( engrav+ !m ?an !re w\ld be 9 f9d+ ! pieces ( wood on :i* !y 7 to be execut$4 ,p]sons :o h notic$ ! embelli%m5ts 9 manuscripts1 ! c>v+1 ! monum5ts1 & ! /a9$ glass 9 *ur*es1 execut$ 9 ,engl& ab\t ! "t ( ,caxton1 w sc>cely suppose t !re 7 no arti/s 9 ?is c\ntry capable ( mak+ ! designs = ^? cuts4 ,!re is 9 fact reason to believe t 9 ,engl& 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies ! walls ( ap>tm5ts1 m especially 9 tav]ns & ho/elries1 frequ5tly conta9$ pa9t+s1 mo/ probably 9 di/emp]1 ( subjects bo? f sacr$ & g5]al hi/ory4 ,t pa9t+s ( sacr$ subjects 7 n unusual 9 *ur*es at ^? p]iods is well kn[n4 ,9 mo/ ( ! cuts :i* are to be f\nd 9 books pr9t$ by ,caxton1 ! effect is produc$ by ! simple/ means4 ,! outl9e ( ! figures is co>se & h>d1 & ! %ades & folds ( ! drap]ies are indicat$ by %ort p>allel l9es4 ,cross-hat*+s occur 9 none ( !m1 ?\gh 9 "o or two ,i h notic$ a few angul> dots pick$ out ( ! black "p ( a cut 9 ord] t x might n appe> l a m]e blot4 ,! foliage ( ! trees is g5]ally repres5t$ 9 a mann] simil> to ^? 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! cut ( ! knight1 ( :i* a copy is giv5 at page #aic4 ,! oak leaves 9 a wood-cut,,iv-#db at ! comm5cem5t ( ! preface to ! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 #adhc1 are an exception to ! g5]al /yle ( ,caxton's foliage2 & repres5t :at !y are int5d$ = ) tol]able accuracy4 ,hav+ ?us notic$ "s ( ! e>lie/ books ) wood-engrav+s pr9t$ 9 ,engl&1 ,i %all n[ resume my acc\nt ( ! progress ( ! art on ! ,cont95t4 ,footnote ,,iv-#db3 ,a copy ( ?is cut is giv5 at p4 #ahf1 vol4 i4 ( ,dr4 ,dibd9's edition ( ! ,typographical ,antiquities4 ,9 an edition ( ,ptolemy's ,cosmography1 pr9t$ at ,ulm 9 #adhb by ,leon>d ,holl1 we h ! fir/ in/ance ( maps engrav$ on wood4 ,! "w is 9 folio1 & ! numb] ( ! maps is tw5ty-sev54 ,9 a g5]al map ( ! _w ! engrav] has ?us ins]t$ 8 "n at ! top3 8,insculptum e/ p] ,johann ,s*nitz] de ,arms%eim40,,iv-#dc ,at ! corn]s ( ?is map ! w9ds are repres5t$ by heads ) puff$-out *eeks1 v indiff]5tly engrav$4 ,! "w also conta9s ornam5tal initial lett]s engrav$ on wood4 ,9 a l>ge "o1 ! lett] at ! beg9n+ ( ! volume1 ! translator is repres5t$ (f]+ 8 book to ,pope ,paul ,,ii4 :o occupi$ ! see ( ,rome f #adfd to #adga4 ,footnote ,,iv-#dc3 ,arn%eim1 :i* is probably ! place int5d$1 is ab\t tw5ty miles to ! s\?-we/ ( ,m5tz4 ,ea* map occupies two folio pages1 & is pr9t$ on ! v]so ( "o page & ! recto ( ! next1 9 su* a mann] t :5 ! book is op5 ! adjac5t pages seem z if pr9t$ f "o block4 ,:at may be consid]$ z ! skeleton ( ea* map1--su* z indications ( riv]s & m\nta9s1--is co>sely cut2 b z ! names ( ! places are also engrav$ on wood1 ! execution ( ^? ?irty-sev5 maps mu/ h be5 a "w ( consid]able lab\r4 ,9 #adhf ano!r edition ) ! same cuts 0 pr9t$ at ,ulm by ,john ,reg5 at ! co/ ( ,ju/us de ,albano ( ,v5ice4 ,! idea ( ,leon>d ,holl's ,ptolemy 0 mo/ likely sugge/$ by an edition ( ! same "w pr9t$ at ,rome 9 #adgh by ,arnold ,buk9ck1 ! successor ( ,conrad ,swe9heim4 ,9 ?is edition ! maps are pr9t$ f plates ( copp]2 & f ! p]fect simil>ity ( ! lett]s1 z may be obs]v$ 9 ! names ( places1 !re c be no d\bt ( _! hav+ be5 /amp$ ^u ! plate by means ( a pun* 9 a mann] simil> to t 9 :i* a bookb9d] impresses ! titles at ! back ( a volume4 ,x is absolutely impossible t su* p]fect uni=mity 9 ! =m ( ! lett]s c\ld h be5 obta9$1 _h !y be5 sep>ately engrav$ on ! plate by h&4 ,ea* s+le lett] is z p]fectly l ano!r ( ! same "*1--! capital ,m = in/ance1--z types ca/ by a lett]-f\nd] f ! same m\ld4 ,! names ( ! places are all 9 capitals1 b diff]5t sizes are us$ = ! names ( c\ntries & cities4 ,! capitals at ! m>g9s ref]r+ to ! degrees ( latitude are ( v beautiful %ape1 & z delicate z ! capitals 9 mod]n hair-type4 ,at ! back ( "s ( ! maps 9 ! copy 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y at ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! pap] appe>s z if x _h receiv$1 :5 9 a damp /ate1 an impression f l95 clo?4 ,z ?is appe>ance ( ?reads cross+ ea* o!r does n proce$ f ! texture ( ! pap]1 b is evid5tly ! result ( pressure1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t x has be5 occasion$ by a piece ( l95 be+ plac$ betwe5 ! pap] & ! roll] :5 ! impressions 7 tak54 ,9 ! d$ication ( ! "w to ! ,pope x is /at$ t ?is edition 0 prep>$ by ,domitius ,cald]9us ( ,v]ona1 :o promis$ to collate ! ,lat9 v]sion ) an anci5t ,greek manuscript2 & t ,conrad ,swe9heim1 :o 0 "o ( ! fir/ :o introduc$ ! art ( pr9t+ at ,rome1 und]took1 ) ! assi/ance ( 8c]ta9 ma!matical m510 :om he taught1 to 8impress0 ! maps ^u plates ( copp]4 ,swe9heim1 aft] hav+ sp5t ?ree ye>s 9 prep>+ ^! plates1 di$ be=e !y 7 f9i%$2 & ,arnold ,buk9ck1 a le>n$ ,g]man pr9t]1 complet$ ! "w1 8t ! em5dations ( ,cald]9us1--:o also di$ be=e ! book 0 pr9t$1--& ! results ( ,swe9heim's mo/ +5i\s me*anical contrivances might n be lo/ to ! le>n$ _w40,,iv-#dd ,footnote ,,iv-#dd3 8,magi/] v]o ,conradus ,suueynheyn1 ,g]manus1 a quo =m&orum ,rom librorum ars primum pr(ecta e/1 occasione h9c sumpta po/]itati consul5s animum ad hanc doctr9am capess5dam applicuit4 ,sub9de ma!maticis adhibitis viris quemadmodum tabulis eneis imprim]5tur edocuit1 tri5nioque 9 hac cura consumpto diem obiit4 ,9 cujus vigil>um laborumque p>tem non inf]iori +5io ac /udio ,arnoldus ,buck9ck e ,g]mania vir apprime eruditus ad imp]fectum opus succ$5s1 ne ,domitii ,conradique obitu eorum vigili em5dationesque s9e te/imonio p]ir5t neve virorum eruditorum c5suram fug]5t imm5s subtilitatis ma*9im5ta1 examussim ad unum p]fecit40--,d$ication to ! ,pope1 ( ,ptolemy's ,cosmography1 ,rome1 #adgh4 ,an edition ( ,ptolemy 9 folio1 ) ! maps engrav$ on copp]1 0 pr9t$ at ,bologna by ,dom9ico de ,lapis ) ! errone\s date ,m4,,cccc4,,lxii4 ,?is date is c]ta9ly wrong1 = no "w f ! press ( ?is pr9t] is kn[n ( an e>li] date ?an #adgg2 & ! editor ( ?is edition1 ,philip ,b]oaldus ! eld]1 0 only born 9 #adej1 if n 9 #adec4 ,suppos+ him to h be5 born 9 ! =m] ye>1 he w\ld only be twelve ye>s old 9 #adfb4 ,raidel1 :o 9 #agcg publi%$ a diss]tation on ?is edition1 ?9ks t two num]als--,,xx--_h accid5tally be5 omitt$1 & t ! date ought to be #adhb4 ,breitkopf ?9ks t "o ,x might be accid5tally omitt$ 9 a date & pass uncorrect$1 b n two4 ,he r ?9ks t ! compositor _h plac$ an ,i in/ead ( an ,l1 & t ! correct date ought to /& ?us3 ,m ,,cccc ,l ,,xli--#adia4 ,i am h[ev] ( op9ion t no in/ance ( ! ,roman num]als1 ,l ,,xli1 be+ ?us comb9$ to express #ia1 c be produc$4 ,x seems mo/ probable t ! date #adhb assign$ by ,raidel is correct2 al?\gh 8 op9ion respect+ ! num]als--,,xx--be+ accid5tally omitt$ may be wrong4 ,x is extremely difficult to acc\nt = ! errone\s dates ( _m books pr9t$ previ\s to #aejj4 ,sev]al ( ^? dates may h be5 accid5tally wrong set by ! compositor1 & ov]look$ by ! corrector2 b o!rs are s obvi\s t x is likely !y 7 design$ly introduc$4 ,! bibliograph] :o %\ld und]take to enquire :at ! pr9t]s' reasons might be = falsify+ ! dates ( _! books1 w\ld be z likely to arrive at ! tru?1 z he w\ld be 9 an enquiry into ! reason ( _! sometimes add+ _! "n1 & sometimes omitt+ x4 ,! execution ( ! maps 9 ! edition ( ,de ,lapis is mu* inf]ior to t ( ! maps begun by ,swe9heim1 & f9i%$ by ,buk9ck 9 #adgh4 ,buk9ck's edition ( ,ptolemy1 #adgh1 is ! second book :i* conta9s impressions f copp]-plates4 ,he9ek51 at page #bcc1 ref]s to ! 8,missale ,h]bipol5se10 folio1 #adha1 z ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ,g]many conta9+ a specim5 ( copp]-plate engrav+4 ,dr4 ,dibd91 h[ev]1 9 ! #crd volume ( 8 ,t\r1 page #cjf1 m5tions ! same "w z hav+ ! date ( #adgi 9 ! prefatory admonition1 & says t ! plate ( a %ield ( arms--! only "o 9 ! volume--is notic$ by ,b>ts* 9 8 8,pe9tre-,graveur10 vol4 x4 p4 #eg4 ,! pr9t] ( ! edition ( #adha appe>s f ,he9ek5 to h be5 ,george ,reys]4 ,9 ! 8,modus ,or&i secundum *orum ,h]bipol5sem10 folio1 pr9t$ by ,george ,reys]1 8,h]bipoli10 at ,wurtzburg1 #adhe1 !re is on folio ,,ii4 a copp]-plate engrav+ ( ! arms ( ,rudolph de ,s*]5b]g1 bi%op ( t see4 ,?is plate is also describ$ by ,b>ts* 9 8 8,pe9tre-,graveur10 vol4 x4 p4 #aef4 ,! fir/ book :i* appe>$ ) copp]-plate engrav+s is intitl$ 8,il ,monte ,sancto di ,dio10 writt5 by ,antonio ,bett9i1 & pr9t$ at ,flor5ce 9 #adgg by ,nicolo di ,lor5zo della ,magna4 ,z ?is book is ( extreme r>ity1 ,i %all "h give an acc\nt ( ! plates f ,m]ci]1 :o fir/ call$ ! att5tion ( bibliograph]s to x z be+ ( an e>li] date ?an ! folio edition ( ,dante1 ) copp]-plate engrav+s1 pr9t$ also by ,nicolo ,lor5zo 9 #adha4 ,?is edition ( ,dante 0 g5]ally suppos$ to be ! fir/ book conta9+ copp]-plate engrav+s until ,bett9i's "w 0 describ$ by ,m]ci]4 ,! "w call$ 8,il ,monte ,sancto di ,dio0 is 9 qu>to1 & accord+ to ,m]ci] !re ought to be a quire or ga!r+ ( f\r leaves at ! comm5cem5t1 conta9+ a summ>y ( ! "w1 :i* is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ) a table ( ! *apt]s4 ,on ! rev]se ( ! la/ ( ^? f\r leaves is ! fir/ plate1 :i* occupies ! :ole page1 & 8measures n9e in*es & sev5-eigh?s 9 height1 by sev5 in*es 9 wid?40,,iv-#de ,?is plate repres5ts ! ,holy ,m\nta91 on ! top ( :i* ,*ri/ is se5 /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ador+ angels4 ,a ladd] is plac$ aga9/ ?is m\nta91 to :i* x is fa/5$ ) iron *a9s1 & on ea* /ep is engrav$ ! "n ( a virtue1 = in/ance1 ,prud5ce1 ,temp]ance1 ,=titude1 & o!rs4 ,a figure clo!d 9 a long robe1 & :o appe>s to be a monk1 is se5 m\nt+ ! ladd]4 ,8 eyes are direct$ t[>ds a huge crucifix plac$ half way up ! hill to ! "r ( ! ladd]1 & f 8 m\? !re proce$s a label inscrib$ ) ^! words3 8,tirami doppo ti10--8,draw me up aft] !e40 ,ano!r figure is se5 /&+ at ! foot ( ! m\nta91 look+ t[>ds ! top1 & utt]+ ^! words3 8,levavi oculos meos 9 montes10 c4 ,! second plate occurs at signature ,iv,,iv-#df aft] ! #aae? *apt]4 ,x also repres5ts ,*ri/ 9 8 glory1 surr\nd$ by angels4 ,x is only f\r in*es & five l9es high1 by six in*es wide1 ,fr5* measure4 ,! ?ird plate1 :i* is ! same size z ! second1 occurs at signature ,pvij1 & repres5ts a view ( ,hell accord+ to ! description ( ,dante4 ,^? plates1 :i* = ! p]iod are well en\gh design$ & execut$1 especially ! second1 7 mo/ likely engrav$ on copp]2 & !y seem to be by ! same h& z ^? 9 ! edition ( ,dante ( #adha1 f ! press ( ,nicolo di ,lor5zo1 :o also pr9t$ ! "w ( ,bett9i4,,iv-#dg ,a copy ( 8,il ,monte ,sancto di ,dio0 is 9 ,e>l ,sp5c]'s ,libr>y2 & a description & specim5s ( ! cuts are giv5 by ,dr4 ,dibd9 9 ! ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 vol4 iv4 p4 #cj2 & by ,mr4 ,ottley 9 ! ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 vol4 i4 pp4 #cge-cgg4 ,footnote ,,iv-#de3 ,?is is ,mr4 ,ottley's measurem5t1 tak5 )9 ! black l9e :i* b\nds ! subject4 ,! wid? z giv5 by ,m]ci] does n accord ) ! above4 ,he says t ! plate 8a neuf p\ces et demi de haut sur six de l>ge40 ,footnote ,,iv-#df3 ,mr4 ,ottley says1 8on ! rev]se ( signature ,n viij40 ,footnote ,,iv-#dg3 8,lettres de ,m4 l',abb de ,/4 ,l9999991 ,/4 ,lg]1 autrefois le p]e ,le ,m]ci]1 anci5 ,biblio!caire de ,/4 ,g5evieve ,m4 le ,b>on de ,h999999 sur diffr5tes ,editions r>es du ,,xve4 ,sicle10 p4 #d-e4 #hvo4 ,p>is1 #aghc4 ,a %ort biographic sket* ( ! ,abb ,m]ci] ,/4 ,lg]1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t ,fr5* ,bibliograph]s ( ! la/ c5tury1 w be f\nd 9 ,dr4 ,dibd9's ,t\r1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ahj4 ,9 ! execution ( ! maps1 ! copp]-plate engrav] possesses a decid$ advantage ov] ! engrav] on wood1 ow+ to ! great] facility & cle>ness ) :i* lett]s c be cut 9 copp] ?an on wood4 ,9 ! engrav+ ( lett]s on copp]1 ! arti/ cuts ! =m ( ! lett] into ! plate1 ! "* be+ ?us 9 intaglio2 :ile 9 engrav+ on a block1 ! wood surr\nd+ has to be cut away1 & ! lett] left 9 relief4 ,on copp]1 us+ only ! grav]1--= et*+ 0 n kn[n 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1--z _m lett]s might be cut 9 "o day z c\ld be cut on wood 9 ?ree4 ,not)/&+ ! disadvantage "u :i* ! anci5t wood engrav]s lab\r$ 9 ! execution ( maps1 !y = _m ye>s cont5d$ ) ! copp]-plate pr9t]s = a %>e ( ?is bran* ( bus9ess2 & ! pr9t]s1 at ^: presses maps engrav$ on wood only c\ld be pr9t$1 7 well incl9$ to support ! wood engrav]s4 ,9 a folio edition ( ,ptolemy1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aeaa1 by ,jacobus ,p5tius de ,leu*o1 ! outl9es ( ! maps1 ) ! indications ( ! m\nta9s & riv]s1 are cut on wood1 & ! names ( ! places are pr9t$ 9 type1 ( diff]5t sizes1 & ) r$ & black ink4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! map ( ,brita91 :i* is m correct ?an any :i* _h previ\sly appe>$1 ! ^w 8,,albion0 is pr9t$ 9 l>ge capitals1 & ! ^w 8,,gad9i0 9 small capitals1 & bo? ) r$ ink4 ,! words 8,curia0 & 8,brem5ium0 are pr9t$ 9 small ,roman *>act]s1 & ) black ink4 ,! names ( ! riv]s are also 9 small ,roman1 & 9 black ink4 ,su* ( ^? maps z conta9 _m names1 are almo/ full ( type4 ,! d\ble bord]s surr\nd+ !m1 )9 :i* ! degrees ( latitude are m>k$1 appe> to h be5 =m$ ( sep>ate pieces ( metal1 9 ! mann] ( wide d\ble rules4 ,at ! head ( sev]al ( ! maps !re are figures ( animals emblematic ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! fir/ map ( ,africa !re are two p>rots2 9 ! second an animal l a jackal1 & a non-descript2 9 ! ?ird1 conta9+ ,egypt1 a crocodile1 & a mon/r\s k9d ( fi% l a dragon2 & 9 ! f\r?1 two p>rots4 ,9 ! la/1 ! 8curi\s obs]v]0 w note a specim5 ( decorative pr9t+ f two blocks ( wood2 = ! beak1 w+1 & tail ( "o ( ! p>rots is pr9t$ 9 r$4 ,9 ! la/ map1--( ,lora9e1--9 an edition ( ,ptolemy1 9 folio1 pr9t$ at ,/rasburg 9 #aeac1 by ,john ,s*ott1 ! attempt to pr9t 9 col\rs1 9 ! mann] ( *i>o-scuro wood engrav+s1 is c>ri$ yet fur!r4 ,! hills & woods are pr9t$ gre52 ! indications ( t[ns & cities1 & ! names ( ! mo/ consid]able places1 are r$2 :ile ! names ( ! small] places are black4 ,= ?is map1 execut$ 9 ?ree col\rs1 gre51 r$1 & black1 !re w\ld be requir$ two wood engrav+s & two =ms ( type1 ea* ( :i* w\ld h to be sep>ately pr9t$4 ,! arms :i* =m a bord] to ! map are pr9t$ 9 _! prop] h]aldic col\rs4,,iv-#dh ,! only o!r specim5 ( armorial be>+s pr9t$ 9 col\rs f wood-blocks1 t ,i am aw>e (1 is ,e>l ,sp5c]'s arms 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,savage's ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #ahah1 upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ! fir/ essay4 ,footnote ,,iv-#dh3 ,i regret t ,i h n _h an opportunity ( p]sonally exam9+ ?is map4 ,!re is a copy ( ,s*ott's edition 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 b all ! maps1 except "o ( ! sph]e1 are tak5 out4 ,! above acc\nt ( ! map ( ,lora9e is f ,breitkopf's int]e/+ essay 8,ueb] d5 ,druck d] ,geographis*5 ,*>t510 ,s4 #g4 #dto4 ,leipzig1 #aggg4 ,at a lat] p]iod a new me?od 0 adopt$ by :i* ! wood engrav] 0 sp>$ ! tr\ble ( cutt+ ! lett]s1 :ile ! pr9t] 0 enabl$ to obta9 a p]fect copy ( ea* map by a s+le impression4 ,! mode 9 :i* ?is 0 effect$ 0 z foll[s4 ,! indications ( m\nta9s1 riv]s1 cities1 & villages 7 engrav$ on ! wood z be=e1 & blank spaces 7 left = ! names4 ,^? spaces 7 aft]w>ds cut out by means ( a *isel or drill1 pi]c+ q ?r\gh ! block3 & ! names ( ! places be+ ins]t$ 9 type1 ! :ole con/itut$ only "o 8=m10 f :i* an impression bo? ( ! cut & ! lett]s c\ld be obta9$ by its be+ pass$ once ?r\gh ! press4 ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 folio1 pr9t$ at ,basle 9 #aeed1 by ,h5ry ,petri1 af=ds sev]al examples ( maps execut$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,?is may be consid]$ z "o ( ! la/ ef=ts ( ! old wood engrav]s & pr9t]s to secure to !mselves a %>e ( ! bus9ess ( map-engrav+4 ,_! endeav\rs1 h[ev]1 7 unavail+2 = )9 tw5ty ye>s ( t date1 ?is bran* ( art 0 almo/ exclusively 9 ! h&s ( ! copp]-plate engrav]s4 ,f ! date ( ! maps ( ,ortelius1 ,antw]p1 #aegj1 engrav$ on copp] by gidius ,die/1 maps engrav$ on wood are r>ely to be se54 ,! practice ( engrav+ ! outl9es & riv]s on wood1 & !n pi]c+ ! block & ins]t+ ! names ( ! places 9 type has1 h[ev]1 lately be5 reviv$2 & :]e publi%]s are oblig$ ei!r to pr9t maps ) ! type or to give none at all1 ?is mode may answ] v well1 m especially :5 ! object is to give ! relative position ( a few ( ! pr9cipal places1 r ?an a cr[d$ li/ ( names4 ,mo/ ( ! l>g] maps 9 ! ,p5ny ,cyclopdia are execut$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,! holes 9 ! blocks are pi]c$ ) ! greate/ rapidity by g\ges ( diff]5t sizes act+ v]tically1 & put 9 motion by ma*9]y contriv$ by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,c[p]1 to ^: great me*anical skill ! art ( /eam-pr9t+ *iefly owes its p]fection4 ,hav+ ?us notic$ consecutively ! progress ( map engrav+1 x may n "h be out ( place to give a brief acc\nt ( ,breitkopf's exp]im5t to pr9t a map ) sep>ate pieces ( metal 9 ! mann] ( type4,,iv-#di ,previ\s to #aggf "s attempts _h be5 made by a p]son nam$ ,preus*1 ( ,c>lsruhe1 to pr9t maps by a process :i* he nam$ typometric1 & :o publi%$ an acc\nt ( 8 plan1 pr9t$ at ! press ( ,haass ! ,y\ng]1 ( ,basil4 ,9 #aggf ,breitkopf s5t a communication to ,bus*+'s ,j\rnal1 conta9+ "s rem>ks on ! inv5tion ( ,preus*1 & /at+ t he _h conceiv$ a simil> plan upw>ds ( tw5ty ye>s previ\sly1 & t he _h actually set up a specim5 & pr9t$ (f a few copies1 :i* he _h giv5 to 8 fri5ds4 ,! v]acity ( ?is acc\nt hav+ be5 que/ion$ by an illib]al critic1 ,breitkopf1 9 #aggg1 prefix$ to 8 ,essay on ! ,pr9t+ ( ,maps a specim5 compos$ ( moveable pieces ( metal 9 ! mann] ( types4 ,he expressly decl>es t he consid]$ 8 exp]im5t a failure2 & t he only produc$ 8 specim5--a qu>to map ( ! c\ntry r\nd ,leipsic--9 te/imony ( ! tru? ( :at he _h previ\sly ass]t$1 & to %[ t two p]sons might1 indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 conceive an idea ( ! same inv5tion1 al?\gh !y might diff] consid]ably 9 _! mode ( c>ry+ x into effect4 ,footnote ,,iv-#di3 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s respect+ ,breitkopf's inv5tion are d]iv$ f 8 essay 8,ueb] d5 ,druck d] ,geographis*5 ,*>t510 previ\sly ref]r$ to4 ,he 0 fir/ l$ to ?9k on ! practicability ( pr9t+ maps ) moveable pieces ( metal by consid]+ t :5 ! lett]s are omitt$ !re rema9 b hills1 riv]s1 & ! indications ( places2 & = ^! he 0 conv9c$ t repres5tations consi/+ ( moveable pieces ( metal might be contriv$4 ,hav+1 h[ev]1 made ! exp]im5t1 he felt satisfi$ t ! appe>ance ( su* a map 0 unpleas+ to ! eye1 & t ! inv5tion 0 n likely to be practically useful4 ,_h x n be5 = ! publication ( ,preus*1 he says t he nev] w\ld h ?\ght ( m5tion+ 8 inv5tion1 except z a me*anical exp]im5t2 & to %[ t ! execution ( maps 9 su* a mann] 0 )9 ! compass ( ! pr9t]'s art4 ,9 ! specim5 :i* he gives1 riv]s are repres5t$ by m9ute p>allel l9es1 :i* are %ort] or long] z ! riv] contracts or exp&s2 & ! junction ( ! sep>ate pieces may be di/9ctly p]ceiv$4 ,= hills & trees !re are di/9ct *>act]s repres5t+ ^? objects4 ,t[ns & l>ge villages are di/+ui%$ by a small *ur*1 & small villages by a small circle4 ,roads are indicat$ by dott$ p>allel l9es4 ,= ! title ( ! map l>ge capitals are us$4 ,! "n ( ! city ( ,,leipsic is 9 small capitals4 ,! names ( t[ns & villages are 9 ,italic2 & ( woods1 riv]s1 & hills1 9 ,roman type4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! map is unpleas+ to ! eye4 ,breitkopf has display$ 8 +5uity by produc+ su* a typographic curiosity1 & 8 good s5se 9 ab&on+ 8 inv5tion :5 he f\nd t he c\ld n r5d] x useful4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 at page #gee ( ! second volume ( 8 ,inquiry1 makes ! foll[+ rem>ks on ! subject ( cross-hat*+ 9 wood engrav+s3--8,x appe>s anci5tly to h be5 ! practice ( ^? ma/]s :o furni%$ designs = ! wood engrav]s to "w f1 c>efully to avoid all cross-hat*+s1 :i*1 x is probable1 7 consid]$ beyond ! p[] ( ! ,xylographi/ to repres5t4 ,wolgemu? p]ceiv$ t1 ?\gh difficult1 ?is 0 n impossible2 & 9 ! cuts ( ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 ! execution ( :i*1 7besides furni%+ ! designs17 he d\btless sup]9t5d$1 a successful attempt 0 fir/ made to imitate ! bold hat*+s ( a p5-draw+1 cross+ ea* o!r1 z occasion prompt$ ! design]1 9 v>i\s directions3 to him belongs ! praise ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ :o duly appreciat$ ! p[]s ( ?is art40 ,al?\gh x is true t cross-hat*+s are n to be f\nd 9 ! e>lie/ wood engrav+s1 yet ,mr4 ,ottley is wrong 9 assign+ ?is mat]ial improvem5t 9 ! art to ,mi*ael ,wolgemu?2 = cross-hat*+ is introduc$ 9 ! beautiful cut =m+ ! frontispiece to ! ,lat9 edition ( ,breyd5ba*'s ,travels1 folio1 fir/ pr9t$ at ,m5tz1 by ,erh>d ,reuwi*1 9 #adhf1;,,iv-#ej sev5 ye>s be=e ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle appe>$4 ,! cut 9 ! foll[+ page is a r$uc$ b accurate copy ( ,breyd5ba*'s frontispiece1 :i* is n only ! f9e/ wood engrav+ :i* _h appe>$ up to t date1 #adhf1 b is 9 po9t ( design & execution z sup]ior to ! be/ cuts 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 z ! designs ( ,alb]t ,dur] are to ! cuts 9 ! olde/ editions ( ! 8,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible40 ,footnote ,,iv-#ej3 ,an edition ( ?is "w 9 ,g]man1 ) ! same cuts1 0 pr9t$ by ,reuwi* 9 #adhh4 ,)9 t5 ye>s1 at lea/ six diff]5t editions ( ?is "w 7 pr9t$ 9 ,g]many4 ,x 0 also translat$ into ,l[ ,dut*1 & pr9t$ 9 ,holl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,philippus de bick5 miles ,9 ?is cut1 cross-hat*+ may be obs]v$ 9 ! drap]y ( ! female figure1 9 ! upp] "p ( ! two %ields on ea* side ( h]1 9 ! bord] at ! top ( ! cut1 & 9 o!r places4 ,:e!r ! female figure be int5d$ z a p]sonification ( ! city ( ,m5tz1 z is sometimes se5 9 old books ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 or = ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ^: %r9e on ,m\nt ,s9ai 0 visit$ by ,breyd5ba* 9 8 travels1 ,i %all n pret5d to det]m9e4 ,! arms on h] "r are ,breyd5ba*'s own2 on h] left are ! arms ( ,john1 ,c\nt ( ,solms & ,"l ( ,m9tz5b]g1 & at ! bottom ( ! cut ^? ( ,philip de ,bick51 knight1 :o 7 ,breyd5ba*'s companions to ! holy sepul*re at ,j]usalem & ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e on ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 x may be obs]v$1 0 e/eem$ ! patroness ( le>n$ m51 & h] figure 0 frequ5tly plac$ 9 libr>ies 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries1 9 ! same mann] z ! bu/ ( ,m9]va 9 ! libr>ies ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome4 ,! "n ( ! arti/ by :om ! frontispiece to ,breyd5ba*'s travels 0 execut$ is unkn[n2 b ,i h no hesitation 9 decl>+ him to be "o ( ! be/ wood engrav]s ( ! p]iod4 ,z ?is is ! e>lie/ wood-cut 9 :i* ,i h notic$ cross-hat*+1 ,i %all v5ture to ascribe ! m]it ( ! inv5tion to ! unkn[n arti/1 :oev] he may h be52 & %all consid] ! date #adhf z m>k+ ! p]iod :5 a new /yle ( wood engrav+ 0 introduc$4 ,wolgemu?1 z associat$ ) wood engrav+1 has too long be5 deck$ out ) borr[$ plumes2 & p]sons :o knew little or no?+ ei!r ( ! hi/ory or practice ( ! art1 & :o are misl$ by writ]s on ^: au?ority !y rely1 believe t ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? 0 n only "o ( ! be/ wood engrav]s ( 8 day1 b t he 0 ! fir/ :o introduc$ a mat]ial improvem5t into ! practice ( ! art4 ,?is error becomes m firmly root$ :5 su* p]sons come to be in=m$ t he 0 ! ma/] ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 :o is g5]ally1 b errone\sly1 suppos$ to h be5 ! be/ wood engrav] ( 8 day4 ,alb]t ,dur] /udi$ "u ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? z a pa9t]1 & n z a wood engrav]2 & ,i consid] x z extremely que/ionable if ei!r ( !m ev] engrav$ a s+le block4 ,!re are _m evid5ces 9 ,g]many ( ,wolgemu? hav+ be5 a tol]ably good pa9t] = ! age & c\ntry 9 :i* he liv$2 b !re is n "o ( 8 hav+ engrav$ on wood4 ,9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle he is repres5t$ z hav+1 9 conjunction ) ,william ,pleyd5wurf1 sup]9t5d$ ! execution ( ! wood-cuts conta9$ 9 t book4 ,^? cuts1 :i* are frequ5tly ref]r$ to z excell5t specim5s ( old wood engrav+1 are 9 fact ! mo/ ta/eless & wor?less ?+s t are to be f\nd 9 any book1 anci5t or mod]n4 ,x is a book1 h[ev]1 t is easy to be obta9$2 & x s]ves z a l&-m>k to sup]ficial enquir]s :o are p]petually ref]r+ to x z conta9+ wood-cuts design$1 if n engrav$1 by ,alb]t ,dur]'s ma/]1--& su*1 !y conclude1 mu/ necess>ily possess a v high degree ( excell5ce4 ,breyd5ba* 0 a canon ( ! ca!dral *ur* ( ,m5tz1 & he d$icates ! acc\nt ( 8 pilgrimage to ! ,holy ,l& & visit to ,m\nt ,s9ai to ,b]?old1 ar*bi%op ( t see4 ,! frontispiece1 al?\gh mo/ des]v+ ( att5tion z a specim5 ( wood engrav+1 is n ! only cut 9 ! book :i* is wor?y ( notice4 ,views are giv51 engrav$ on wood1 ( ! mo/ rem>kable places :i* he visit$2--& ^? ( ,v5ice1 ,corfu1 ,modon1 & ! c\ntry r\nd ,j]usalem1 :i* are ( great l5g?1 are ins]t$ 9 ! book z 8fold+ plates40 ,ea* ( ! above views is too l>ge to h be5 engrav$ on "o block4 ,= t ( ,v5ice1 :i* is ab\t five feet long1 & t5 in*es high1 sev]al blocks mu/ h be5 requir$1 f ea* ( :i* impressions w\ld h to be tak5 s+ly1 & aft]w>ds pa/$ toge!r1 z is at pres5t done 9 su* views z are too wide to be conta9$ on "o %eet4 ,^? views1 ) respect to ! mann] 9 :i* !y are execut$1 are sup]ior to ev]y?+ ( ! same k9d :i* _h previ\sly appe>$4 ,! "w also conta9s small] cuts pr9t$ ) ! type1 :i* are n g5]ally rem>kable = _! execution1 al?\gh "s ( !m are drawn & engrav$ 9 a free & spirit$ mann]4 ,! foll[+ cut is a r$uc$ copy ( t :i* is prefix$ to a *apt] intitl$ 8,de ,surianis qui ,i]osolimis et locis illis man5tes etiam se ass]unt esse ,*ri/ianos30-- ,illu/ration ,9 a cut ( animals !re is a figure ( a giraffe1,,iv-#ea nam$ by ,breyd5ba* 8s]affa10 ( a unicorn1 a salam&]1 a camel1 & an animal some?+ l an oran-outang1 except t x has a tail4 ,( ! la/ ! travell] obs]ves1 8non con/at de nom9e40 ,"s acc\nt ( ?is book1 ) fac-similes ( ! cuts1 w be f\nd 9 ,dibd9's ,biblio!ca ,sp5c]iana1 vol iii4 pp4 #baf-bbh4 ,9 ! copy !re describ$1 belong+ to ,e>l ,sp5c]1 ! beautiful frontispiece 0 want+4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ea3 ,?is is probably ! fir/ figure ( ! giraffe t 0 communicat$ to ! 8read+ public0 ( ,europe4 ,its exi/5ce 0 aft]w>ds d5i$ by sev]al naturali/s2 & x is only )9 a comp>atively rec5t p]iod t ! exi/5ce ( su* an animal 0 cle>ly e/abli%$4 ,al?\gh a fl[]$ bord] surr\nd+ a :ole page may be obs]v$ z occurr+ twice 9 ,veld5]'s edition ( ! ,fasciculus ,temporum1 pr9t$ at ,utre*t 9 #adhj1 yet ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! practice ( surr\nd+ e page ) an ornam5tal fl[]$ bord] cut 9 wood1 0 fir/ introduc$ by ! ,p>isian pr9t]s at a p]iod some:at lat]4 ,9 #adhh1 an edition ( ! 8,hor 9 ,laudem beatissim virg9is ,m>i10 9 octavo1 0 pr9t$ at ,p>is by ,an?ony ,v]>d1 ! text ( :i* is surr\nd$ ) ornam5tal bord]s4 ,! practice ?us introduc$ 0 subsequ5tly adopt$ by ! pr9t]s ( ,g]many & ,holl&1 m especially 9 ! decoration ( devotional works1 su* z ,hor1 ,brevi>ies1 & ,psalt]s4 ,v]>d appe>s to h *iefly pr9t$ works ( devotion & love1 = a great] numb] ( ,hor & ,romances proce$$ f 8 press ?an t ( any o!r pr9t] ( 8 age4 ,mo/ ( !m conta9 wood-cuts1 "s ( :i*1 9 books pr9t$ by him ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 are design$ ) consid]able ta/e & well engrav$2 :ile o!rs1 ^? = in/ance 9 8,la ,fleur des ,battailes10 #dto1 #aeje1 are n sup]ior to ^? 9 ,caxton's ,*ess3 x is1 h[ev]1 n unlikely t ! cuts 9 8,la ,fleur des ,battailes0 ( ?is date _h be5 us$ = an e>li] edition4,,iv-#eb ,footnote ,,iv-#eb3 ,a good specim5 ( e>ly ,fr5* wood engrav+ may be se5 9 ! l>ge cut =m+ a k9d ( frontispiece to ! 8,roman du ,roy ,artus10 folio1 pr9t$ at ,r\5 9 #adhh by ,jehan de ,b\rgeois4 ,?is cut1 :i* occupies ! :ole page1 repres5ts ,k+ ,ar?ur & 8 knights d9+ (f ! r\nd table4 ,a small] "o occurs at ! beg9n+ ( ! second "p1 & bo? are surr\nd$ by ornam5tal bord]s4 ,! 8,hortus ,sanitatis10 folio1 pr9t$ at ,m5tz 9 #adia by ,jacobus ,meyd5ba*1 is frequ5tly ref]r$ to by bibliograph]s2 n s mu* on acc\nt ( ! _m wood-cuts :i* x conta9s1 b z be+ suppos$ 9 "s degree to confirm a /atem5t 9 ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 & 9 ,s]r>ius1 ,de ,rebus ,mogunt9is1 :]e a ,john ,meyd5ba* is m5tion$ z be+ a p>tn] ) ,gutemb]g & ,fau/4 ,von ,murr1 z has be5 previ\sly notic$1 suppos$ t ?is p]son 0 a wood engrav]2 & ,prosp] ,m>*&1,,iv-#ec ?\gh )\t any au?ority1 calls ,jacobus ,meyd5ba* 8 son or 8 relation4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ec3 ,hi/4 de l',imprim]ie1 p4 #di4 ,?is "w1 :i* is a k9d ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 expla9+ ! uses & virtues ( h]bs1 f[ls1 fi%1 quadrup$s1 m9]als1 drugs1 & spices1 conta9s a numb] ( wood-cuts1 _m ( :i* are curi\s1 z conta9+ repres5tations ( natural objects1 b none ( :i* are rem>kable = _! execution z wood engrav+s4 ,on ! opposite page is a fac-simile ( ! cut :i* =ms ! head-piece to ! *apt] 8,de ,ovis40 ,! figure1 :i* possesses consid]able m]it1 repres5ts an old woman go+ to m>ket ) h] basket ( eggs4 ,?is is a fair specim5 ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! cuts 9 ! ,hortus ,sanitatis are design$ & execut$4 ,among ! mo/ curi\s & be/ design$ are3 ! int]ior ( an apo!c>y's %op1 on ! rev]se ( ! fir/ leaf2 a monkey seat$ on ! top ( a f\nta91 9 ! *apt] on wat]2 a but*] cutt+ up meat2 a man sell+ *eese at a /all2 a woman milk+ a c[2 & figures ( ! male & female m&rake4 ,at *apt] #aai1 8,de ,p$iculo10 a woman is repres5t$ bru%+ ! head ( a boy ) a peculi> k9d ( bru%1 :i* answ]s ! purpose ( a small-too!d comb2 & %e appe>s to be/[ h] lab\r on no inf]tile field1 = ea* ( h] 8sweep+s10 :i* are se5 ly+ on ! floor1 w\ld sc>cely slip ?r\gh ! tee? ( a g>d5 rake4 ,meyd5ba*'s edition has be5 suppos$ to be ! fir/2 & ,l9nu1 9 ! ,biblio!ca ,botanica1 has ascrib$ ! "w to "o ,john ,cuba1 a physician ( ,m5tz2 b o!r writ]s h d\bt$ if ?is p]son 7 really ! au?or4 ,! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 "u ! title ( 8,h]b>us10 ) a hundr$ & fifty wood-cuts1 0 pr9t$ at ,m5tz by ,pet] ,s*eff] 9 #adhd2 & 9 #adhe he pr9t$ an enl>g$ edition 9 ,g]man1 conta9+ ?ree hundr$ & eighty cuts1 "u ! title ( 8,ortus ,sanitatis od] ,g>t5 d] ,gesundheit40 ,( ! "w pr9t$ by ,s*eff]1 ,breyd5ba* is said to h be5 "o ( ! compil]s4 ,sev]al editions ( ! ,hortus ,sanitatis 7 subsequ5tly pr9t$1 n only 9 ,g]many1 b 9 ,france1 ,holl&1 & ,switz]l&4 ,illu/ration ,hav+ previ\sly express$ my op9ion respect+ ! wood-cuts 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 !re w be less occasion to give a detail$ acc\nt ( ! book & ! rubbi% x conta9s "h3 9 speak+ ?us x may p]haps be necess>y to say t ?is "* is meant to apply to ! wood-cuts & n to ! lit]>y portion ( ! "w1 :i* ,?omas ,he>ne1 ( black-lett] memory1 pron\nces to be extremely 8pleasant1 useful1 & curi\s40 ,) ! wood-cuts ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,dibd9 appe>s to h be5 equally *>m$4 ,! "w call$ ! 8,nuremb]g ,*ronicle0 is a folio1 compil$ by ,h>tman ,s*$el1 a physician ( ,nuremb]g1 & pr9t$ 9 t city by ,an?ony ,koburg] 9 #adic4 ,9 ! colophon x is /at$ t ! views ( cities1 & figures ( em95t *>act]s1 7 execut$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? & ,william ,pleyd5wurff1 8ma!matical m50,,iv-#ed & skill$ 9 ! art ( pa9t+4 ,! total numb] ( impressions conta9$ 9 ! "w exce$s two ?\s&1 b sev]al ( ! cuts are repeat$ eight or t5 times4 ,! foll[+ fac-simile w af=d an idea ( ! /yle 9 :i* ! portraits ( illu/ri\s m5 conta9$ 9 ?is (t5-cit$ *ronicle are execut$4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ed3 ,! expression 8adhibitis tam5 viris ma!maticis0 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 is evid5tly borr[$ f t1--8sub9de ma!maticis adhibitis viris10--9 ! d$ication ( ,buk9ck's ,ptolemy1 #adgh1 to ! ,pope4 8,ma!matical m510 9 ! pres5t s5se ( ! t]m1 might be requir$ to con/ruct ! maps 9 ! edition ( ,ptolemy1 b sc>cely to design or engrave ! vulg> figures & wor?less views 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle4 ,illu/ration ,! above head1 :i* ! own] appe>s to be scrat*+ ) s mu* e>ne/ness1 fir/ occurs z t ( ,p>is ! lov] ( ,hel52 & x is aft]w>ds repeat$ z t ( ,?ales1 ,ana/asius1 ,od(r$us1 & ! poet ,dante4 ,9 a l mann] ! economical pr9t] has a /ock-head = k+s & emp]ors2 ano!r = popes2 a ?ird = bi%ops2 a f\r? = sa9ts1 & s on4 ,sev]al cuts repres5t+ :at might be suppos$ to be p>ticul> ev5ts are 9 ! same mann] press$ into ! g5]al s]vice ( ! *ronicl]4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! cuts 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle is t !y g5]ally conta9 m ( :at engrav]s t]m 8col\r0 ?an any :i* _h previ\sly appe>$4 ,be=e proce$+1 h[ev]1 to make any fur!r obs]vations on ^! cuts1 ,i %all endeav\r to expla9 :at engrav]s mean by ! t]m 8col\r10 z appli$ to an impression tak5 ) black ink f a copp]-plate or a wood-block4 ,?\gh !re is no 8col\r10 /rictly speak+1 9 an engrav+ consi/+ m]ely ( black & :ite l9es1 yet ! t]m is (t5 conv5tionally appli$ to an engrav+ :i* is suppos$1 f ! v>i$ "* ( its l9es & ! contra/ ( light & %ade1 to convey ! idea ( v>i$ local col\r z se5 9 a pa9t+ or a wat]-col\r draw+4 ,= in/ance1 an engrav+ is said to conta9 mu* 8col\r0 :i* appe>s cle>ly to indicate n only a v>iety ( col\r1 b also its diff]5t degrees ( int5sity 9 ! sev]al objects1 & :i* at ! same "t pres5ts an effective comb9ation ( light & %ade4 ,an engrav] _c c]ta9ly express ! diff]5ce betwe5 gre5 & yell[1 or r$ & orange1 yet 9 engrav+ a figure1 say t ( a cavali] by ,v&yke1 ) br[n lea!r boots1 buff-col\r$ wooll5 hose1 d\blet ( r$ silk1 & blue velvet cloak1 a ma/] ( 8 art w n only express a diff]5ce 9 ! texture1 b w also convey an idea ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! dress be+ ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,! ,r5t ,day1 engrav$ by ,raimba* f a pa9t+ by ,wilkie1 & ,*elsea ,p5sion]s he>+ ! ,gazette ( ! ,battle ( ,wat]loo read1 engrav$ by ,burnet f a picture by ! same arti/1 may be in/anc$ z copp]-plate engrav+s :i* conta9 mu* 8col\r40 ,mr4 ,l&se]1 at pages #age1 #agf1 ( 8 ,lectures on ,engrav+1 makes ! foll[+ rem>ks on ! t]m 8col\r10 z conv5tionally appli$ by engrav]s 9 speak+ ( impressions f plates or f wood-blocks3--8,x is n uncommon among pr9t-publi%]s1 nor ev5 among/ engrav]s !mselves1 to he> ! ^w ,,col\r mi/ak5ly employ$ to signify %ade2 s t if !y ?9k an engrav+ too d>k1 !y say x has too mu* col\r1 too little col\r if too light--& s =?4 ,! same ignorance :i* has hi!rto reign$ ov] ! pursuits ( ?is ,art1 has "h impos$ its au?ority1 & ) ! same un=tunate success3 ,i _c h[ev] yield to x ! same submission1 s9ce x is n only a palpable misuse ( a ^w1 b w\ld lead to endless confusion :5 ,i come to expla9 to y my ideas ( ! means ! ,art ( engrav+ possesses ( r5d]+ local col\r 9 ! ab/ract4 ,:]e=e1 :5ev] ,i may use ! t]m col\r1 ,i mean x 9 no o!r ?an its ord9>y acceptation40 8,by ,,middle ,,t9t1 ,i und]/& & mean1 #8! m$ium betwe5 /rong light & /rong %ade4'--,^! are ,mr4 ,gilp9's words2 & he adds1 ) a propriety t conf]s value on ! def9ition--#8! phrase is n at all expressive ( col\r4'0 ,:e!r we owe ! t]m 8col\r10 z appli$ to engrav+s1 to ! ignorance ( pr9tsell]s or n1 ,i %all n inquire2 ,i only "k t a numb] ( t]ms equally objectionable1 if _! primitive mean+ be consid]$1 are us$ 9 speak+ ( ! arts ( pa9t+ & engrav+ by p]sons :o are c]ta9ly n ignorant4 ,we h ! words high & deep1 :i* /rictly relate to objects ( l9eal altitude or pr(undity1 appli$ to d5ote int5sity ( col\r2 & ! v ^w int5sity1 :5 ?us appli$1 is only relative2 ! speak] be+ unable to f9d a ^w directly expressive ( 8 mean+1 expla9s himself by ref]r+ to "s object or ?+ previ\sly kn[n1 z1 9 ?is in/ance1 by ref]5ce to ! t5sion ( a /r+ or cord4 ,! ^w tone1 :i* is s frequ5tly us$ 9 speak+ ( pictures1 is d]iv$ f ! si/] art ( music4 ,i presume t none ( ^! t]ms 7 introduc$ into ! nom5clature ( pa9t+ & engrav+ by ignorant p]sons1 b t !y 7 adopt$ f a necessity orig9at+ f ! v con/itution ( ! human m9d4 ,x is well kn[n to e p]son :o has paid any att5tion to ! con/ruction ( languages1 t almo/ e ab/ract t]m is ref]able to1 & d]iv$ f1 ! "n ( "s mat]ial object4 ,! v ^w to 8?9k10 imply+ ! ex]cise ( our m5tal faculties1 is probably an (fset f ! sub/antive 8?+40 ,x is also to be obs]v$1 t ,mr4 ,l&se] speaks z if ! t]m col\r 0 us$ by ignorant pr9tsell]s1 & ( c\rse ignorant engrav]s1 to signify %ade only4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 us$ by !m to signify t !re is a consid]able proportion ( d>k l9es & hat*+s 9 an engrav+1 al?\gh su* l9es & hat*+s are n expressive ( %ade1 b m]ely indicative ( deep col\rs4 ,d>k br[n1 r$1 & purple1 = in/ance1 ev5 :5 receiv+ direct rays ( light1 w\ld naturally conta9 mu* conv5tional 8col\r0 9 an engrav+2 & s w\ld a bay horse1 a coal b>ge1 or ! trunk ( an old oak tree1 :5 receiv+ ! light 9 a simil> mann]2 all w\ld be repres5t$ z comp>atively d>k1 :5 contra/$ ) light] col\r$ objects1--= in/ance1 ) a blue sky1 grass1 or light gre5 foliage1--al?\gh n 9 %ade4 ,an engrav+ t appe>s too light1 comp>$ ) ! pa9t+ f :i* x is copi$1 is said to want 8col\r10 & ! copp]-plate engrav] rem$ies ! defect by ?ick5+ ! d>k l9es1 or by add+ cross l9es & hat*+s4 ,z a copp]-plate engrav] c always obta9 m 8col\r10 he g5]ally keeps 8 "w light 9 ! fir/ /age ( a plate2 on ! contr>y1 a wood engrav] keeps 8 fir/ pro( d>k1 z he _c aft]w>ds introduce m 8col\r10 or give to an object a great] dep? ( %ade4 ,a wood engrav] c make 8 l9es ?9n] if !y be too ?ick1 & ?us cause 8 subject to appe> light]2 b if he has made !m too f9e at fir/1 & m col\r be want$1 x is n 9 8 p[] to rem$y ! defect4 ,:at ,mr4 ,l&se]'s ideas may be ( ! 8means :i* ! art ( engrav+ possesses ( r5d]+ local col\r 9 ! ab/ract10 ,i _c v well compreh5d4 ,i am aw>e ( ! l9es us$ conv5tionally by engrav]s to indicate h]aldic col\rs 9 coat-arm\r2 b ,i c see no natural relation betwe5 p]p5dicul> l9es 9 an engrav+ & ! r$ col\r ( a soldi]'s coat4 ,i believe t no p]son c\ld tell ! col\r ( ! drap]ies 9 ,leon>do da ,v9ci's ,la/ ,supp] f an inspection ( ,raphael ,morgh5's engrav+ ( x4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,l&se] says t he w use ! t]m 8col\r0 9 its 8ord9>y acceptation10 he ought to h expla9$ :at ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! ^w meant :5 appli$ to impressions f copp]-plates :i* consi/ ( no?+ b l9es & int]/ices ( black & :ite4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! second p>agraph ,mr4 ,l&se] displays great inconsi/5cy 9 prais+ ,mr4 ,gilp9 = 8 def9ition ( ! ^w 8t9t10 :i*1 :5 appli$ to engrav+s1 is z objectionable z ! t]m 8col\r40 ,x appe>s t ,mr4 ,gilp9 may employ a conv5tional t]m ) 8s+ul> propriety10 :ile pr9tsell]s & engrav]s :o %\ld use ! same lib]ty w\ld be *>g$ ) ignorance4 ,is !re su* a ?+ z a t9t 9 nature :i* is ( no col\r8 ,mr4 ,gilp9's laud$ def9ition involves a contradiction ev5 :5 ! ^w is appli$ to engrav+s1 9 :i* e 8t9t0 is indicative ( positive col\r4 ,t 8m$ium betwe5 /rong light & /rong %ade10 & :i* is yet ( no col\r1 rema9s to be discov]$4 ,mr4 ,gilp9 has suppli$ u ) ! 8^w10 b x appe>s t no def9ite idea is necess>y to be atta*$ to x4 ,hav+ ?us endeav\r$ to give a little brightness to ! 8col\r0 ( 8ignorant pr9tsell]s & engrav]s10 ,i %all resume my obs]vations on ! cuts 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 to ! 8col\r0 ( :i* ! prec$+ digression is to be ascrib$4 ,! prec$+ cut1 repres5t+ ! ,creation ( ,eve1 is copi$ f "o ( ! be/ 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 bo? ) respect to design & engrav+4 ,9 ?is1 comp>$ ) mo/ o!r cuts previ\sly execut$1 mu* m col\r w be p]ceiv$1 :i* results f ! clos5ess ( ! s+le l9es1 z 9 ! d>k p>ts ( ! rock imm$iately beh9d ! figure ( ,eve2 f ! introduction ( d>k l9es cross+ ea* o!r1--call$ 8cross-hat*+10--z may be se5 9 ! drap]y ( ! ,div9ity2 & f ! contra/ ( ! %ade ?us produc$ ) ! light] p>ts ( ! cut4 ,illu/ration ,! subjo9$ cut1 ( ! same subject1 copi$ f ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible1,,iv-#ee w1 by comp>ison ) ! prec$+1 illu/rate m cle>ly ?an any v]bal explanation ! diff]5ce ) respect to col\r betwe5 ! wood-cuts 9 ! old block-books & 9 mo/ o!rs pr9t$ betwe5 #adfb & #adic1 & ^? conta9$ 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle4 ,9 ?is cut !re is no indication ( col\r2 ! %ades 9 ! drap]y :i* are express$ by h>d p>allel l9es are all ( equal /r5g?1 or r weakness2 & ! hair ( ,adam's head & ! foliage ( ! tree are express$ ne>ly 9 ! same mann]4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ee3 ,9 ! orig9al1 ?is cut1 ) "o ( ,*ri/'s side pi]c$ by a soldi]1 & ano!r ( ,moses /rik+ ! rock1 are int5d$ to illu/rate ! my/]y ( ! ,sacram5t ( ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,?is mann] ( repres5t+ ! creation ( ,eve appe>s to h be5 g5]al among/ ! wood engrav]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 = ! same subject frequ5tly occurs 9 old cuts execut$ previ\s to #aejj4 ,x is frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 ! same mann] 9 illum9at$ missals2 & 9 ,flaxman's ,lectures on ,sculpture a li?ographic pr9t is giv51 copi$ f an anci5t piece ( sculpture 9 ,wells ,ca!dral1 :]e ,eve is se5 ?us proce$+ f ! side ( ,adam4 ,9 a picture by ,raffaele ! creation ( ,eve is also repres5t$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 ! wood-cuts :i* occur 9 ,italian books pr9t$ previ\s to #aejj ! engrav]s h seldom attempt$ any?+ beyond a simple outl9e ) occasionally an indication ( %ade1 or ( col\r1 by means ( %ort p>allel l9es4 ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( a cut 9 ,bonsignore's ,italian prose translation ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 folio1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice by ! bro!rs ,de ,lignano 9 #adig4 ,x may s]ve at once z a specim5 ( ! o!r cuts conta9$ 9 ! "w & ( ! g5]al /yle ( engrav+ on wood 9 ,italy = ab\t t5 ye>s prec$+ t p]iod4 ,illu/ration ,! subject illu/rat$ is ! difficult lab\r ( ,alcm5a ?r\gh ! malign influ5ce ( ,luc9a1 z relat$ by ,ovid 9 ! ,i,xth book ( ! ,metamorphoses1 f v]se #bie to #cad4 ,?is w\ld appe> to h be5 r a fav\rite subject ) design]s1 = x is aga9 select$ = illu/ration 9 ,ludovico ,dolce's ,trans=mationi1 a k9d ( p>aphrase ( ! ,metamorphoses1 #dto1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice by ,gabriel ,giolito 9 #aeeg2 & x is also repres5t$ 9 ! illu/rations to ! ,metamorphoses design$ by ,virgil ,solis1 & pr9t$ at ,frank=t1 9 oblong #dto1 by ,george ,corv9us & ,sigismund ,feyrab5t1 9 #aefi4;,,iv-#ef ,footnote ,,iv-#ef3 ,mr4 ,ottley 9 speak+ ( an edition ( ! ,metamorphoses pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aeji1 ) wood-cuts1 m5tions "o ( !m z repres5t+ ! 8,bir? ( ,h]cules10 :i* is probably treat$ 9 a mann] simil> to ^? above notic$4 ,mr4 ,ottley also /ates t he _h discov]$ ! arti/ to be ,b5$etto ,montagna1 :o also engrav$ on copp]4--,inquiry1 vol4 ii p4 #egf4 ,( all ! wood-cuts execut$ 9 ,italy )9 ! fifte5? c5tury !re are none t c be> a comp>ison = elegance ( design ) ^? conta9$ 9 an ,italian "w entitl$ 8,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili10 a folio )\t pr9t]'s "n or place1 b c]ta9ly pr9t$ at ,v5ice by ,aldus 9 #adii4 ,?is 8,conte/ betwe5 ,imag9ation & ,love1 by a g5]al ,lov]10--= su* seems to be ! import ( ! title1--is an obscure m$ley ( fable1 hi/ory1 antiquities1 ma!matics1 & v>i\s o!r matt]s1 highly season$ ) erotic sket*es,,iv-#eg sugge/$ by ! pruri5t imag9ation ( a monk1--= su* ! au?or 01--:o1 l _m o!rs ( 8 frat]nity1 9 all ages1 appe>s to h _h 8a law n to m>ry1 & a cu/om n to live *a/e40 ,! language 9 :i* ?is *aos ( absurdities is compos$ is almo/ z v>i$ z ! subjects4 ,! gr\nd-"w is ,italian1 on :i* ! au?or engrafts at w :ole phrases ( ,lat91 ) a numb] ( words borr[$ f ! ,greek1 ,hebrew1 ,arabic1 & ,*aldee4 8,c]ta9 p]sons10 says ,tirabos*i1 8:o admire a "w ! m ! less !y und]/& x1 h fanci$ t !y c\ld p]ceive 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia a complete summ>y ( human k40,,iv-#eh ,footnote ,,iv-#eg3 ,bibliograph]s & booksell]s 9 _! catalogues specify ) delight su* copies z conta9 8la figura rappres5tante il ,sacrifizio ,priapo b5e cons]vata10 = 9 "s copies ?is *oice subject is want+1 & 9 o!rs p>tially defac$4 ,footnote ,,iv-#eh3 ,"s acc\nt ( ! ,hypn]otoma*ia & its au?or is to be f\nd 9 ,prosp] ,m>*&'s ,dictionnaire ,hi/orique4 ,! "n ( ! au?or 0 ,francis ,colonna1 :o 0 born at ,v5ice1 & at an e>ly age became a monk ( ! ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,9 #adfg he pr(ess$ ,gramm> & ,classical ,lit]ature 9 ! conv5t ( 8 ord] at ,trevisa2 & he aft]w>ds became ,pr(essor ( ,!ology at ,padua1 :]e he comm5c$ ,doctor 9 #adgc1 a degree :i*1 accord+ to ! rule ( 8 ord]1 he c\ld n assume until he 0 =ty4 ,at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 #aebg1 he c\ld n ?us be less ?an n9ety-f\r ye>s old4 ,! true "n ( ?is amor\s dream+ monk1 & ! fictiti\s "o ( ! woman ) :om he 0 9 love1 are ?us express$ by comb9+1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y foll[ ea* o!r1 ! initial lett]s ( ! sev]al *apt]s3 8,,poliam ,,frat] ,,fransiscus ,,columna ,,p]amavit40,,iv-#ei ,if any reliance c be plac$ on ! text & ! cuts z n>rat+ & repres5t+ real incid5ts1 we may ga!r t ! /ream ( love _h n run smoo? ) fa!r ,francis any m ?an ) simple laym54 ,) respect to ! true "n ( ! mi/ress ( fa!r ,francis1 biograph]s are n agre$4 ,"o says t h] "n 0 ,lucretia ,maura2 & ano!r t h] "n 0 ,ippolita1 & t %e belong$ to ! noble family ( ,poli1 ( ,trevisa1 & t %e 0 a nun 9 t city4 ,f ! "n ,ippolita "s au?ors ?us d]ive ! fictiti\s "n ,polia3 ,ippolita2 ,polita2 ,polia4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ei3 ,9 ! life ( ,colonna 9 ! ,biographie ,univ]selle1 ! la/ ^w is said to be 8adamavit10 :i* is a mi/ake4 ,! ^w =m$ by ! initial lett]s ( ! n9e la/ *apt]s is 8p]amavit10 z above4 ,a second edition1 also f ! ,ald9e press1 appe>$ 9 #aede2 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> a ,fr5* translation 0 pr9t$ at ,p>is "u ! foll[+ title3 8,le ,tableau des ri*es inv5tions c\v]tes du voile des fe9tes am\r\ses qui sont repres5tes dans le ,songe de ,poliphile1 devoiles des ombres du ,songe1 et subtilm5t exposes40 ,( ?is translation sev]al editions 7 publi%$2 & 9 #ahjd ,j4 ,g4 ,legr&1 an ar*itect ( "s repute 9 ,p>is1 pr9t$ a k9d ( p>aphrase ( ! "w1 9 two volumes #abmo1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 n publi%$ until aft] 8 dea? 9 #ahjg4 ,9 #ahaa ,bodoni repr9t$ ! orig9al "w at ,p>ma 9 an elegant qu>to volume4 ,9 ! orig9al "w ! wood-cuts ) respect to design may rank among ! be/ t h appe>$ 9 ,italy4 ,! :ole numb] 9 ! volume is "o hundr$ & n9ety-two2 ( :i* eighty-six relate to my?ology & anci5t hi/ory2 fifty-f\r repres5t processions & emblematic figures3 !re are ?irty-six ar*itectural & ornam5tal subjects2 & sixte5 vases & /atues4 ,sev]al writ]s h ass]t$ t ^? cuts 7 design$ by ,raffaele1,,iv-#fj :ile o!rs ) equal confid5ce1 ?\gh on no bett] gr\nds1 h ascrib$ !m to ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,except f ! resemblance :i* !y are suppos$ to be> to ! ackn[l$g$ works ( ^? arti/s1 ,i am n aw>e t !re is any reason to suppose t !y 7 design$ by ei!r ( !m4 ,z ,raffaele1 :o 0 born 9 #adhc1 0 only sixte5 :5 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia 0 pr9t$1 x is n likely t all1 or ev5 any ( ^? cuts 7 design$ by him2 z x is highly probable t all ! draw+s w\ld be f9i%$ at lea/ twelve mon?s be=e1 & _m ( !m conta9 int]nal evid5ce ( _! n be+ ! productions ( a y\? ( fifte54 ,t ,&rea ,mantegna might design !m is possible2 b ?is c]ta9ly _c be a suffici5t reason = positively ass]t+ t he actually did4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 at page #egf1 vol4 ii1 ( 8 ,inquiry1 ass]ts t !y 7 design$ by ,b5$etto ,montagna1 an arti/ :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ! ye> #aejj1 & :o is *iefly kn[n z an engrav] on copp]4 ,! gr\nds on :i* ,mr4 ,ottley =ms 8 op9ion are n v cle>1 b if ,i und]/& him correctly !y are z foll[s3 ,footnote ,,iv-#fj3 ,he9ek51 9 8 catalogue ( ,raffaele's works1 m5tions ! cuts 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia1 b he says t x is que/ionable :e!r he design$ !m all or only ! eighty-six my?ological & hi/orical subjects4--,na*ri*t5 von ,kn/l]n und ,kun/-,sa*51 #b;er ,!il1 ,s4 #cfj4 #hvo4 ,leipzig1 #agfi4 ,9 ! collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,d\ce !re 7 sixte5 wood engrav+s :i* _h be5 cut out ( a folio edition ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aeji4 ,all ^? engrav+s1 except two1 7 m>k$ ) ! lett]s a1 :i* accord+ to ,mr4 ,ottley are ! initials ( ! engrav]1 ,ioanne ,&rea di ,vavassori4 ,betwe5 "s ( ! cuts f ! ,ovid1 & c]ta9 engrav+s execut$ by ,montagna1 x seems t ,mr4 ,ottley discov]$ a resemblance2 & z he ?\ght t he p]ceiv$ a p]fect simil>ity betwe5 ! sixte5 cuts f ! ,ovid & ^? conta9$ 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia1 he consid]s t ,b5$etto ,montagna is ?us prov$ to h be5 ! design] ( ! cuts 9 ! latt] "w4 ,n hav+ se5 ! cuts 9 ! edition ( ! ,metamorphoses ( #aeji1 ,i _c speak1 f my own exam9ation1 ( ! resemblance betwe5 !m & ^? 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia2 x1 h[ev]1 seems t ,mr4 ,d\ce _h notic$ ! simil>ity z well z ,mr4 ,ottley3 b ev5 admitt+ t !re is a p]fect id5tity ( /yle 9 ! cuts ( ! above two works1 yet x by no means foll[s t1 because a few ( ! cuts 9 ! ,ovid resemble "s copp]-plate engrav+s execut$ by ,b5$etto ,montagna1 he mu/ h design$ ! cuts 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia4 ,z ! cuts 9 ! ,ovid may1 z ,mr4 ,ottley himself rem>ks1 h be5 us$ 9 an e>li] edition ?an t ( #aeji1 x is n unlikely t !y might appe> be=e ,montagna's copp]-plates2 & t ! latt] might copy ! designs ( a great] arti/ ?an himself1 & ?us by 8 v plagi>ism acquire1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,ottley's tra9 ( reason+1 ! m]it :i* may be ju/ly due to ano!r4 ,if ,b5$etto ,montagna be really ! design] ( ! cuts 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia1 he has c]ta9ly excell$ himself1 = !y c]ta9ly display tal5t ( a mu* high] ord] ?an is to be p]ceiv$ 9 8 copp]-plate engrav+s4 ,besides ! /rik+ diff]5ce ) respect to draw+ betwe5 ! wood-cuts 9 ,poliphilo,,iv-#fa & ! engrav+s ( ,b5$etto ,montagna1 two ( ! cuts 9 ! =m] "w h a m>k :i* nev] appe>s 9 any ( t arti/'s kn[n productions1 :i* g5]ally h ei!r 8 "n at l5g? or ! lett]s ,b4 ,m4 ,9 ! ?ird cut ( ,poliphilo1 ! design]'s or engrav]'s m>k1 a small b1 may be p]ceiv$ at ! foot1 to ! "r2 & ! same m>k is repeat$ 9 a cut at signature ,c4 ,footnote ,,iv-#fa3 ,! au?or ?us names 8 h]o 9 8 ,italian title3 8,poliphilo incom9cia la sua hypn]otoma*ia ad descriv]e et l'hora et il tempo qu&o gli app> ve 9 somno1 c40 ,a ,london booksell] 9 8 catalogue publi%$ 9 #ahcd1 probably speak+ on ,mr4 ,ottley's h9t t ! cuts 9 ! ,ovid ( #aeji might h appe>$ 9 an e>li] edition1 ?us describes ,bonsignore's ,ovid1 a "w 9 :i* ! wood-cuts are ( a v inf]ior description1 & ( :i* a specim5 is giv5 9 a prec$+ page3 8,ovidii ,metamorphoseos ,vulg>e1 con le ,allegorie1 ,v5ezia1 #adig1 ) num]\s beautiful wood-cuts1 app>5tly by ! arti/ :o execut$ ! ,poliphilo1 pr9t$ by ,aldus 9 #adii40 ,! wood-cuts 9 ! ,ovid ( #adig are z inf]ior to ^? 9 ,poliphilo z ! commone/ cuts 9 *ildr5's s*ool-books are inf]ior to ! beautiful wood-cuts 9 ,rog]s's ,pleasures ( ,memory1 pr9t$ 9 #ahab1 :i* 7 design$ by ,/o?>d & engrav$ by ,cl5nell4 ,x is b fair to add1 t ! cuts us$ 9 ! ,ovid ( #adig1 pr9t$ by ! bro!rs ,de ,lignano1 _c be ! same z ^? 9 ! ,ovid ( #aeji ref]r$ to by ,mr4 ,ottley2 = ?\gh ! subjects may be ne>ly ! same1 ! cuts 9 ! latt] edition are l>g] ?an ^? 9 ! =m]1 & h besides an engrav]'s m>k :i* is n to be se5 9 any ( ! cuts 9 ! edition ( #adig4 ,! five foll[+ cuts are fac-similes trac$ l9e = l9e f ! orig9als 9 ,poliphilo4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,m]cury is se5 int]f]+ to save ,cupid f ! ang] ( ,v5us1 :o has be5 puni%+ him & pluck+ ! fea!rs f 8 w+s4 ,! cause ( h] ang] is expla9$ by ! figure ( ,m>s beh9d ! net 9 :i* he & ,v5us _h be5 inclos$ by ,vulcan4 ,love _h be5 ! cause ( 8 "m's mis=tune4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! foll[+ cut ,cupid is repres5t$ z br\ght by ,m]cury be=e ,jove1 :o 9 ! text1 89 ,a?ica l+ua10 addresses ! ,god ( ,love1 z 8 0--8at once sweet & bitt]40 ,9 ! inscription 9 ! cut1 80 is sub/itut$ = 840 ,illu/ration ,9 ! next cut ,cupid appe>s pi]c+ ! sky ) a d>t1 & ?us caus+ a %[] ( gold to fall4 ,! figures repres5t p]sons ( all conditions :om he has w\nd$1 look+ on ) amazem5t4 ,illu/ration ,! ?ree prec$+ cuts1 9 ! orig9al "w1 appe> z comp>tm5ts f left to "r on "o block4 ,!y are "h giv5 sep>ate = ! conv5i5ce ( pr9t+1 z ! page is n wide en\gh to all[ ( _! be+ plac$ z 9 ! orig9al folio4 ,illu/ration ,! subjo9$ cut is int5d$ to repres5t ,autumn1 accord+ to a description ( ! figure 9 ! text1 :]e ! au?or is speak+ ( an alt> to be erect$ to ! f\r seasons4 ,on "o ( ! sides he proposes t ! foll[+ figure %\ld be repres5t$ 8) a jolly c\nt5ance1 cr[n$ ) v9e leaves1 hold+ 9 "o h& a bun* ( grapes1 & 9 ! o!r a cornucopia1 ) an inscription3 #8,,mu/ul5to ,,autumno ,s4'0,,iv-#fb ,! face ( jolly ,autumn is inde$ l t ( "o :o lov$ new w9e1 & 8 body seems l an ample sk9 to keep ! liquor 92--,sir ,john ,fal/aff play+ ,bac*us ere he _h gr[n old & inord9ately fat4 ,footnote ,,iv-#fb3 ,! epi!ts appli$ to ! diff]5t seasons z repres5t$ on ?is votive alt> are s+ul>ly beautiful & appropriate3 8,florido ,v]i2 ,flav ,messi2 ,mu/ul5to ,autumno2 ,hyemi oli1 ,sacrum40 ,! foll[+ figure ( ,cupid is copi$ f ! top ( a fanciful milit>y /&>d describ$ by ! au?or2 & on a k9d ( bann] b5ea? ! figure is inscrib$ ! ^w 80--8,ga9$ 9 w>40 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ is a specim5 ( "o ( ! ornam5tal vases conta9$ 9 ! "w4 ,x is n1 l ! five prec$+ cuts1 ( ! same size z ! orig9al1 b is copi$ on a r$uc$ scale4 ,illu/ration ,! simple /yle 9 :i* ! cuts 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia are engrav$1 cont9u$ to prevail1 ) c]ta9 modifications1 9 ,italy = _m ye>s aft] ! me?od ( cross-hat*+ became g5]al 9 ,g]many2 & f #aejj to ab\t #aecj ! *>act]i/ic ( mo/ ,italian wood-cuts is ! simple mann] 9 :i* !y are execut$ comp>$ ) ! m lab\r$ productions ( ! ,g]man wood engrav]s4 ,:ile ! ,g]man proce$s ) consid]able lab\r to obta9 8col\r10 or %ade1 by means ( cross-hat*+1 ! ,italian 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury endeav\rs to atta9 8 object by easi] means1 su* z leav+ 8 l9es ?ick] 9 c]ta9 p>ts1 & 9 o!rs1 indicat+ %ade by means ( %ort slant+ p>allel l9es4 ,9 ! execution ( fl[]$ or ornam5t$ initial lett]s a decid$ diff]5ce may frequ5tly be notic$ betwe5 ! "w ( an ,italian & a ,g]man arti/4 ,! ,g]man mo/ly1 ) consid]able tr\ble1 cuts 8 fl\ri%es1 figures1 & fl[]s 9 relief1 accord+ to ! g5]al practice ( wood engrav]s2 ! ,italian1 on ! contr>y1 (t5 cuts !m1 ) mu* great] ease1 9 intaglio2 & ?us ! =m ( ! lett]1 & its ornam5ts1 appe>1 :5 pr9t$1 :ite ^u a black gr\nd4,,iv-#fc ,! lett] ,c at ! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t *apt] is an example ( ! ,g]man /yle1 ) ! ornam5tal p>ts 9 relief2 ! lett] ,m at ! comm5cem5t ( *apt] ,v4 is a specim5 ( ! mann] frequ5tly adopt$ by old ,italian wood engrav]s1 ! =m ( ! lett] & ! ornam5tal foliage be+ cut 9 intaglio4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod a m elaborate mann] ( engrav+ began to prevail 9 ,italy1 & cross-hat*+ 0 almo/ z g5]ally employ$ to obta9 dep? ( col\r & %ade z 9 ,g]many4 ,! wood-cuts :i* appe> 9 works pr9t$ at ,v5ice betwe5 #aeej & #aegj are g5]ally z good z mo/ ,g]man wood-cuts ( ! same p]iod2 & _m ( !m1 m especially ^? 9 books pr9t$ by ! ,giolitos1 are execut$ ) a cle>ness & delicacy :i* h seldom be5 surpass$4 ,footnote ,,iv-#fc3 ,! lett] ,m at ! comm5cem5t ( ! next *apt] af=ds an example ( ?is /yle ( engrav+4 ,be=e conclud+ ! pres5t *apt]1 :i* is m especially devot$ to ! consid]ation ( wood engrav+ 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( its connexion ) typography1 x may n be improp] to take a brief glance at ! /ate ( ! art z practis$ by ! ,briefmal]s & ,=ms*neid]s ( ,g]many1 :o 7 ! fir/ to introduce ! practice ( block-pr9t+1 & :o cont9u$ to ex]cise ?is bran* ( _! art = _m ye>s aft] typography _h be5 g5]ally e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,t ! anci5t wood engrav]s cont9u$ to practise ! art ( block-pr9t+ till t[>ds ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 !re c be little d\bt4 ,!re is an edition ( ! ,poor ,prea*]s' ,bible1 ) ! date #adgj1 pr9t$ f wood-blocks1 )\t place or engrav]'s "n1 b hav+ at ! end1 z a m>k1 two %ields1 on "o ( :i* is a squirrel1 & on ! o!r some?+ l two pilgrim's /aves cross$4 ,ano!r edition ( ! same "w1 ?\gh n f ! same blocks1 appe>$ 9 #adga4 ,9 ?is ! engrav]'s m>k is two %ields1 on "o ( :i* is a spur1 probably a rebus = ! "n ( 8,spor]20 9 ! same mann] t a pair ( fold+-doors repres5t$ ! "n 8,?ur]10 or 8,dur]40 ,an engrav] ( ! "n ( ,hans ,spor] pr9t$ an edition ( ! ,ars ,mori5di f wood-blocks 9 #adgc2 & 9 ! prec$+ ye> ,"y ,hans1 ,briefmal]1 ( ,nuremb]g1 pr9t$ an edition ( ! ,anti*ri/ 9 ! same mann]4,,iv-#fd ,footnote ,,iv-#fd3 ,von ,murr says t 8,"y ,hans0 0 unque/ionably ! son ( 8,hans ,=ms*neid]10 ^: "n appe>s 9 ! t[n-books ( ,nuremb]g f #addi to #adij4 ,he also ?9ks t he might be ! same p]son z ,hans ,spor]4--,j\rnal1 #b ,!il1 ,s4 #adj1 #ada4 ,x is probable t mo/ ( ! s+le %eets & %ort tracts1 pr9t$ f wood-blocks1 pres]v$ 9 ! libr>ies ( ,g]many1 7 pr9t$ betwe5 #addj & #adhj4 ,books consi/+ ( two or m %eets pr9t$ f wood-blocks are ( r>e occurr5ce ) a date subsequ5t to #adhj4 ,al?\gh ab\t t p]iod ! wood engrav]s appe> to h resign$ ! pr9t+ ( books entirely to typograph]s1 yet = sev]al ye>s aft]w>ds !y cont9u$ to pr9t broadsides f blocks ( wood2 & until ab\t #aejj !y cont9u$ to compete ) ! press = ! pr9t+ ( 8,w&-,kal5d>s10 or %eet ,almanacks to be hung up aga9/ a wall4 ,sev]al copies ( su* ,almanacks1 engrav$ betwe5 #adgj & #aejj1 are pres]v$ 9 libr>ies on ! ,cont95t t are ri* 9 specim5s ( e>ly block-pr9t+4 ,b ev5 ?is bran* ( _! bus9ess ! wood engrav]s 7 at l5g? oblig$ to ab&on2 & at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! practice ( pr9t+ pages ( text f engrav$ wood-blocks may be consid]$ z almo/ ext9ct 9 ,g]many4 ,x probably began ) a s+le %eet1 & ) a s+le %eet x end$2 & its orig91 p]fection1 decl9e1 & ext9ction are compris$ )9 a c5tury4 #adcj may m>k its orig92 #adej its p]fection2 #adfj ! comm5cem5t ( its decl9e2 & #aejj its fall4 ,9 an assemblage ( wood engrav+s pr9t$ at ,go?a betwe5 #ahjh & #ahaf1;,,iv-#fe f old blocks collect$ by ! ,b>on ,von ,d]s*au1 !re are sev]al to :i* ! editor1 ,za*>ias ,beck]1 assigns an e>li] date ?an ! ye> #aejj4 ,x is n unlikely t two or ?ree ( ^? 9 8 olde/ class1 ,a1 may h be5 execut$ previ\s to t p]iod2 b !re are o!rs 9 :i* bad draw+ & rude engrav+ h be5 mi/ak5 = indubitable pro(s ( antiquity4 ,!re are also two or ?ree 9 ! same class :i* ,i /rongly suspect to be mod]n =g]ies4 ,x w\ld appe> f a circum/ance m5tion$ 9 ,dr4 ,dibd9's ,bibliographical ,t\r1,,iv-#ff & ref]r$ to at page #bcf ( ! pres5t "w1 t ! ,b>on 0 a p]son f ^: collection copp]-plate engrav+s ( que/ionable date _h proce$$ z well z wood-blocks4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( "o ( ^? suspici\s blocks1 b :i* ! editor consid]s to be ( an e>li] date ?an ! ,/4 ,*ri/oph] 9 ! collection ( ,e>l ,sp5c]4 ,i am h[ev] ( op9ion t x is ( comp>atively mod]n manufacture4 ,footnote ,,iv-#fe3 ,! title ( ?is "w is3 8,holzs*nitte alt] ,deuts*] ,mei/] 9 d5 ,orig9al-,platt5 gesammelt von ,hans ,albre*t ,von ,d]s*au4 ,als e9 ,beytrag zur ,kun/ges*i*te h]ausgegeb51 und mit e9] ,abh&lung b] die ,holzs*neidekun/ begleitet1 von ,rudolph ,za*>ias ,beck]40 ,x is 9 l>ge folio1 ) ! text 9 ,g]man & ,fr5*4 ,! fir/ "p 0 publi%$ at ,go?a 9 #ahjh2 ! second 9 #ahaj2 & ! ?ird 9 #ahaf4 ,footnote ,,iv-#ff3 ,vol4 iii4 p4 #dde1 edit4 #ahbi4 ,illu/ration ,! inscription1 int5d$ = old ,g]man1 at ! bottom ( ! cut1 is lit]ally z foll[s3 8,hiet u*1 vor d5 ,katcz5 dy vorn leck5 unde h9d5 kraicz50--t is3 8,bew>e ( ! cats t lick be=e & scrat* beh9d40 ,x is r s+ul> t ! editor--:o describes ! subject z a cat :i* appe>s to tea* h] kitt5 8le ,jeu de ,s\ris0--%\ld n h in=m$ 8 read]s t m 0 meant by ?is inscription ?an met ! eye1 & t x 0 9 fact "p ( a ,g]man prov]b descriptive ( a class ( females :o are p>ticul>ly dang]\s to simple "y m54,,iv-#fg ,among ! cuts suppos$ to h be5 engrav$ previ\s to ! ye> #aejj1 ano!r is giv5 :i* ,i suspect also ( be+ a =g]y1 & by ! same p]son t engrav$ ! cat4 ,! cut allud$ to repres5ts a woman sitt+ beside a "y man1 ^: purse %e is se5 pick+ :ile %e appe>s to fondle him4 ,a hawk is se5 beh9d ! woman1 & an ape beh9d ! man4 ,at "o side is a lily1 above :i* are ! words 8,i* w>t40 ,at ! top ( ! cut is an inscription1--:i* seems1 l t 9 ! cut ( ! cat1 to be 9 affect$ly old ,g]man1--describ+ ! "y man z a prey = hawks & a fool1 & ! woman z a flatt]]1 :o w fawn ^u him until %e has empti$ 8 p\*4 ,! subjects ( ^? two cuts1 ?\gh n app>5tly1 are1 9 reality1 connect$4 ,9 ! fir/ we are pres5t$ ) ! w>n+1 & 9 ! latt] ) ! example4 ,von ,murr--:om ,dr4 ,dibd9 suspects to h =g$ ! ,fr5* ,/4 ,*ri/oph]--describes 9 8 ,j\rnal impressions f ^? blocks z old wood-cuts 9 ! collection ( ,dr4 ,silb]rad2,,iv-#fh & x is c]ta9ly v s+ul> t ! id5tical blocks f :i* ,dr4 ,silb]rad's sc>ce old wood engrav+s 7 tak5 %\ld aft]w>ds happ5 to be discov]$ & come into ! possession ( ! ,b>on ,von ,d]s*au4 ,footnote ,,iv-#fg3 8,hur5 s9d bse katz5 die vorn5 leck5 und h9t5 kratz540 ,footnote ,,iv-#fh3 ,j\rnal zur ,kun/ges*i*te1 #b;er ,!il1 ,s4 #abe1 #abf4 ,9 ! same "w !re is a rude wood-cut ( ,/4 ,ca?>9e & ?ree o!r sa9ts2 & at ! back ( ! block !re is also engrav$ ! figure ( a soldi]4 ,at ! bottom ( ! cut ( ,/4 ,ca?>9e1 ! "n ( ! engrav]1 8,jorg ,glock5don10 appe>s 9 old ,g]man *>act]s4 ,z 8,glock5don0 or 8,glock5ton0 0 ! "n ( a family ( arti/s :o appe> to h be5 settl$ at ,nuremb]g e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,beck] concludes t ! cut 9 "q 0 engrav$ prior to #adhb1 & t ?is 8,jorg ,glock5don0 0 8! fir/ wood engrav] kn[n by "n1 & n ,john ,s*nitz] ( ,arn%eim1--:o engrav$ ! maps 9 ,leon>d ,holl's ,ptolemy1 pr9t$ 9 ! above ye>1--z ,he9ek5 & o!rs pret5d40 ,t ! cut 0 engrav$ previ\s to #adhb re/s m]ely on ,beck]'s conjecture2 & a p]son :o w\ld ass]t t x 0 engrav$ t5 or fifte5 ye>s lat]1 w\ld p]haps be ne>] ! tru?4 ,john ,s*nitz]1 h[ev]1 is n ! fir/ wood engrav] kn[n by "n4 ,! "n ( ,hans ,spor] appe>s 9 ! ,ars ,mori5di ( #adgc2 & x is n probable t ,h>tlieb's ,*iromantia1 9 :i* we f9d ! "n 8,jorg ,s*apff zu ,augspurg10 0 engrav$ subsequ5t to #adhj4 ,x w\ld appe> t ,beck] did n consid] 8,hans ,briefmal]10 :o occurs z a wood engrav] betwe5 #adgj & #adhj1 z a p]son 8kn[n by "n10 ?\gh x is probable t he _h no o!r surname ?an t :i* 0 d]iv$ f 8 pr(ession4 ,illu/ration ,al?\gh ,d]s*au's collection conta9s a numb] ( old cuts :i* are well wor? pres]v+1 m especially among ^? execut$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 yet x also conta9s a l>ge portion ( wor?less cuts1 :i* are nei!r int]e/+ f _! subjects nor _! antiquity1 & :i* ?r[ no light on ! progress ( ! art4 ,!re are also n a few mod]n antiques :i* are only illu/rative ( ! cr$ulity ( ! collector1 :o mi/akes rud5ess ( execution = a c]ta9 te/ ( antiquity4 ,accord+ to ?is te/ ! foll[+ cut ought to be ascrib$ to ! age ( ,caxton1 & publi%$ ) a long comm5t>y z an und\bt$ specim5 ( e>ly ,engli% wood engrav+4 ,x is h[ev] no?+ m ?an an impression f a block engrav$ ) a p5-knife by a pr9t]'s appr5tice betwe5 #aggj & #aghj4 ,x 0 "o ( ! num]\s cuts ( a simil> k9d belong+ to ! late ,mr4 ,george ,angus ( ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 :o us$ !m z head-pieces to *ap-books & broadside hi/ories & ballads4 ,besides ! small] block-books1 almanacks1 & broadsides ( text1 execut$ by wood engrav]s betwe5 #adfj & #aejj1 !y also execut$ a numb] ( s+le cuts1 "s accompani$ ) a few s5t5ces ( text also cut 9 wood1 & o!rs conta9+ only figures4 ,_m ( ! sacr$ subjects 7 probably execut$ = conv5ts 9 hon\r ( a fav\rite sa9t2 :ile o!rs 7 engrav$ by !m on _! own acc\nt = sale among ! poor] classes ( ! p1 :o _h nei!r ! means to pur*ase1 nor ! ability to read1 a l>ge 8picture-book0 :i* conta9$ a consid]able portion ( explanatory text4 ,9 almo/ e "o ( ! works execut$ by ! ,briefmal]s & ,=ms*neid]s subsequ5t to ! inv5tion ( typography1 !re is sc>cely a s+le cut to be f\nd t possesses ! lea/ m]it ei!r 9 design or execution4 ,!y appe> g5]ally to h be5 m]e workm51 :o c\ld draw & engrave figures on wood 9 a rude /yle1 b :o _h n ! slighte/ pret5sions to a k ( art4 ,hav+ n[ br\ght ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+ to ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,i %all "h conclude ! pres5t *apt]1 )\t expressly notic+ su* works ( ,alb]t ,dur] z 7 c]ta9ly engrav$ on wood previ\s to ! ye> #aejj4 ,! designs ( ?is great promot] ( wood engrav+ m>k an epo* 9 ! progress ( ! art2 & w1 ) o!rs ( ! same s*ool1 m appropriately =m ! subject ( ! next *apt]4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,wood ,,engrav+ ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,alb]t ,,dur]4 ,*i>o-,scuro ,engrav+ on ,wood -- ,a ,copp]-,plate by ,mair ,mi/ak5 = ! ,fir/ ,*i>o-,scuro -- ,dott$ ,backgr\nds 9 ,old ,wood-,cuts -- ,alb]t ,dur] ,probably ,n a ,wood-,engrav] -- ,8 ,bir? -- ,a ,pupil ( ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? -- ,8 ,travels -- ,cuts ( ! ,apocalypse ,design$ by ,him -- ,8 ,visit to ,v5ice 9 #aejf -- ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ri/'s ,passion ,engrav$ on ,wood f 8 ,designs -- ,8 ,triumphal ,c> & ,triumphal ,ar* ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian -- ,8 ,inv5tion ( ,et*+ -- ,8 ,c>v+ -- ,visit to ! ,ne!rl&s -- ,8 ,dea? -- ,wood-,cuts ,design$ by ,l4 ,crana*1 ,h4 ,burgmair1 & ,h4 ,s*ffle9 -- ,! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank -- ,! ,wise ,k+ -- ,! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian -- ,ugo ,da ,c>pi -- ,lucas ,van ,leyd5 -- ,william ,de ,figu]snid] -- ,ursgraff -- ,cuts ,design$ by ,unkn[n ,arti/s ,betwe5 #aejj & #aebh4 ,mo/ au?ors :o h writt5 on ! hi/ory ( engrav+ h incid5tally notic$ ! art ( *i>o-scuro engrav+ on wood1 :i* began to be practis$ e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4,v-#a ,! hon\r ( ! inv5tion has be5 claim$ = ,italy by ,vas>i & o!r ,italian writ]s1 :o seem to ?9k t no improvem5t 9 ! arts ( design & engrav+ c orig9ate on ?is side ( ! ,alps4 ,accord+ to _! acc\nt1 *i>o-scuro engrav+ on wood 0 fir/ introduc$ by ,ugo da ,c>pi1 :o execut$ sev]al pieces 9 t mann] f ! designs ( ,raffaele4 ,b1 ?\gh confid5t 9 _! ass]tions1 !y are weak 9 _! pro(s2 = !y c produce no *i>o-scuros by ,ugo da ,c>pi1 or by any o!r ,italian engrav]1 ( an e>li] date ?an #aeah4 ,! engrav+s ( ,italian arti/s 9 ?is /yle are n num]\s1 previ\s to #aecj1 & we c sc>cely suppose t ! e>lie/ ( !m 0 execut$ be=e #aeae4 ,t ! art 0 kn[n & practis$ 9 ,g]many sev]al ye>s be=e ?is p]iod !re c be no d\bt2 = a *i>o-scuro wood engrav+1 a ,repose 9 ,egypt1 by ,lucas ,crana*1 is dat$ #aeji2 two o!rs by ,hans ,baldung ,grn are dat$ #aeji & #aeaj2 & a portrait1 9 ! same /yle1 by ,hans ,burgmair1 is dat$ #aeab4 ,footnote ,v-#a3 ,*i>o-scuros are execut$ by means ( two or m blocks1 9 imitation ( a draw+ 9 sepia1 ,india ink1 or any o!r col\r ( two or m %ades4 ,! old] *i>o-scuros are seldom execut$ ) m ?an ?ree blocks2 on ! fir/ ( :i* ! g5]al outl9e ( ! subject & ! /rong] %ades 7 engrav$ & pr9t$ 9 ! usual mann]2 f ! second ! light] %ades 7 communicat$2 & f ! ?ird a g5]al t9t 0 pr9t$ ov] ! impressions ( ! o!r two4 ,"s ,g]man writ]s1 n satisfi$ ) ^! pro(s ( ! art be+ practis$ 9 ,g]many be=e x 0 kn[n 9 ,italy1 ref] to an engrav+1 dat$ #adii1 by a ,g]man arti/ ( ! "n ( ,mair1 z "o ( ! e>lie/ execut$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,?is engrav+1 :i* is f a copp]-plate1 _c fairly be produc$ z evid5ce on ! po9t 9 dispute2 = ?\gh x be>s ! appe>ance ( a *i>o-scuro engrav+1 yet x is n s 9 reality2 = on a n>r[ inspection we may p]ceive t ! light t\*es h nei!r be5 pres]v$1 nor aft]w>ds communicat$ by means ( a block or a plate1 b h be5 add$ ) a f9e p5cil aft] ! impression 0 tak54 ,x is1 9 fact1 no?+ m ?an a copp]-plate pr9t$ on d>k-col\r$ pap]1 & aft]w>ds height5$ ) a k9d ( :ite & yell[ body-col\r4 ,x is v likely1 h[ev]1 t ! subject 0 engrav$ & pr9t$ on a d>k gr\nd ) ! express int5tion ( ! lights be+ subsequ5tly add$ by means ( a p5cil4 ,! arti/ _h que/ionless wi%$ to produce an imitation ( a *i>o-scuro draw+2 b he c]ta9ly did n effect 8 purpose 9 ! same mann] z ,l4 ,crana*1 ,h4 ,burgmair1 or ,ugo da ,c>pi1 ^: *i>o-scuro engrav+s _h ! lights pres]v$1 & requir$ no subsequ5t t\*+ ) ! p5cil to give to !m t "*4 ,! subject ( ?is engrav+ is ! ,nativity1 & !re is an impression ( x 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum4,v-#b ,9 ! =egr\nd1 ab\t ! middle ( ! pr9t1 is ! ,virg9 seat$ ) ! infant ,jesus 9 h] lap4 ,at h] feet is a cradle ( wick]-"w1 & to ! left is an angel kneel+ 9 adoration4 ,on ! same side1 b fur!r di/ant1 is ,joseph lean+ ov] a half door1 hold+ a c&le 9 "o h& & %ad+ x ) ! o!r4 ,9 ! backgr\nd is ! /able1 9 :i* an ox & an ass are se52 & ! direct+ /> appe>s %9+ 9 ! sky4 ,! pr9t is eight in*es high1 & five in*es & ?ree-eigh?s wide2 at ! top is ! date #adii1 & at ! bottom ! engrav]'s "n1 ,,mair4 ,x is pr9t$ 9 black ink on pap] :i* previ\s to receiv+ ! impression _h be5 t9t$ or /a9$ a br[ni%-gre5 col\r4 ,! lights h nei!r be5 pres]v$ 9 ! plate nor communicat$ by means ( a second impression1 b h be5 laid on by ! h& ) a f9e p5cil4 ,! rays ( ! />1 & ! circles ( light surr\nd+ ! head ( ! ,virg91 & also t ( ! infant1 are ( a pale yell[1 & ! col\r f its *alky appe>ance seems v l ! t\*es ( a crayon4 ,! lights 9 ! drap]ies & 9 ! ar*itectural p>ts ( ! subject h be5 laid on ) a f9e p5cil guid$ by a /eady h&4 ,t ! engrav] int5d$ 8 "w to be f9i%$ 9 ?is mann] !re c be little d\bt2 & ! impression ref]r$ to af=ds a pro( ( x2 = ,joseph's c&le1 ?\gh he %ades x ) 8 left h&1 9 reality gives no light4 ,! engrav] _h evid5tly int5d$ t ! light %\ld be add$ 9 positive body col\r2 b ! p]son--p]haps ! engrav] himself--^: bus9ess x 0 to add ! f9i%+ t\*es to ! impression1 has neglect$ to light ,joseph's c&le4,v-#c ,footnote ,v-#b3 ,?is pr9t is "o ( ! valuable collection left to ! ,museum by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,m4 ,cra*]ode1 & ! foll[+ rem>k 9 t g5tleman's writ+ is ins]t$ on ! opposite page ( ! folio 9 :i* x is pres]v$3 8,! ,presepe is a pla9 pro( t pr9t+ 9 *i>o-scuro 0 kn[n be=e ! "t ( ,ugo da ,c>pi1 :o is errone\sly reput$ ! inv5tor ( ?is art at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury40 ,! pr9t 9 "q is c]ta9ly n a pro( ( ! art ( engrav+ 9 *i>o-scuro2 & ,mr4 ,ottley has add$ ! foll[+ correction 9 p5cil3 8,b ! :ite "h is put on ) a p5cil1 & n left 9 pr9t+1 z x w\ld h be5 if ! t9t _h be5 add$ by a wood5 block aft] ! copp]-plate _h be5 pr9t$40 ,footnote ,v-#c3 ,b>ts* describes ?is pr9t 9 8 ,pe9tre-,graveur1 tom4 vi4 p4 #cfd1 ,no4 #d2 b he takes no notice ( ,joseph hold+ a c&le1 nor ( its want+ a light4 ,t[>ds ! latt] end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1,v-#d a practice 0 introduc$ by ! ,g]man wood engrav]s ( dott+ ! d>k p>ts ( _! subjects ) :ite1 m especially 9 cuts :]e ! figures 7 int5d$ to appe> light ^u a d>k gr\nd2 & ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5?1 ?is mode ( 8kill+ ! black10 z x is te*nically t]m$1 0 v g5]ally preval5t among ! ,fr5* wood engrav]s1 :o1 z well z ! ,g]mans & ,dut*1 cont9u$ to practise x till ab\t #aebj1 :5 x 0 almo/ :olly sup]s$$ by cross-hat*+2 a mode ( produc+ %ade :i* _h be5 mu* practis$ by ! ,g]man engrav]s :o work$ f ! draw+s ( ,dur]1 ,crana*1 & ,burgmair1 & :i* ab\t t "t seems to h be5 g5]ally adopt$ 9 all c\ntries :]e ! art _h made any progress4 ,! two foll[+ cuts1 :i* are f an edition ( 8,heures l',usaige de ,*>tres10 pr9t$ at ,p>is by ,simon ,vo/re1 ab\t #aejb1 are examples ( ?is mode ( dim9i%+ ! effects ( a gr\nd :i* w\ld o!rwise be entirely black4 ,books pr9t$ 9 ,france betwe5 #aejj & #aebj af=d ! mo/ num]\s in/ances ( d>k backgr\nds dott$ ) :ite4 ,9 _m cuts execut$ ab\t ! latt] p]iod ! dots are ( l>g] size & m num]\s 9 proportion to ! black1 & !y evid5tly h be5 produc$ by means ( a loz5ge-po9t$ tool1 9 imitation ( cross-hat*+4 ,footnote ,v-#d3 ,"s s+le cuts execut$ 9 ?is mann] are suppos$ to be at lea/ z old z ! ye> #adej4 ,! e>lie/ t ,i h notic$ 9 a book occur 9 a ,life ( ,*ri/ pr9t$ at ,cologne ab\t #adhe4 ,! greate/ promot] ( ! art ( wood engrav+1 t[>ds ! close ( ! fifte5? & 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 0 unque/ionably ,alb]t ,dur]2 n h[ev]1 z is g5]ally suppos$1 f hav+ himself engrav$ ! num]\s wood-cuts :i* be> 8 m>k1 b f 8 hav+ ?\ght s well ( ! art z to h mo/ ( 8 greate/ works engrav$ on wood f draw+s made on ! block by himself4 ,until )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 mo/ writ]s :o h writt5 on ! subject ( art1 h spok5 ( ,alb]t ,dur] z a wood engrav]2 & be=e proce$+ to give any acc\nt ( 8 life1 or specim5s ( "s ( ! pr9cipal wood engrav+s :i* be> 8 m>k1 x appe>s necess>y to exam9e ! gr\nds ( ?is op9ion4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,!re are ab\t two hundr$ subjects engrav$ on wood :i* are m>k$ ) ! initials ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s "n2 & ! great] "p ( !m1 ?\gh evid5tly design$ by ! h& ( a ma/]1 are engrav$ 9 a mann] :i* c]ta9ly d5otes no v great excell5ce4 ,( ! rema9d]1 :i* are bett] engrav$1 x w\ld be difficult to po9t out "o :i* displays execution s decid$ly sup]ior z to enable any p]son to say positively t x mu/ h be5 cut by ,alb]t ,dur] himself4 ,! e>lie/ engrav+s on wood ) ,dur]'s m>k are sixte5 cuts illu/rative ( ! ,apocalypse1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #adih2 & betwe5 t p]iod & #aebh1 ! ye> ( 8 dea?1 x is likely t ne>ly all ! o!rs 7 execut$4 ,! cuts ( ! ,apocalypse g5]ally are mu* sup]ior to all wood engrav+s t _h previ\sly appe>$1 bo? 9 design & execution2 b if !y be c>efully exam9$ by any p]son conv]sant ) ! practice ( ! art1 x w be p]ceiv$ t _! sup]iority is n ow+ to any delicacy 9 ! l9es :i* w\ld r5d] !m difficult to engrave1 b f ! ability ( ! p]son by :om !y 7 drawn1 & f 8 k ( ! capabilities ( ! art4 ,look+ at ! /ate ( wood engrav+ at ! p]iod :5 ^? cuts 7 publi%$1 ,i _c ?9k t ! arti/ :o made ! draw+s w\ld exp]i5ce any difficulty 9 f9d+ p]sons capable ( engrav+ !m4 ,9 mo/ ( ! wood-cuts suppos$ to h be5 engrav$ by ,alb]t ,dur] we f9d cross-hat*+ freely introduc$2 ! readie/ mode ( produc+ effect to an arti/ draw+ on wood ) a p5 or a black-lead p5cil1 b :i* to ! wood engrav] is att5d$ ) consid]able lab\r4 ,_h ,alb]t ,dur] engrav$ 8 own designs1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he w\ld n h introduc$ cross-hat*+ s frequ5tly1 b w\ld h endeav\r$ to atta9 8 object by means :i* 7 easi] ( execution4 ,:at is t]m$ 8cross-hat*+0 9 wood engrav+ is no?+ m ?an black l9es cross+ ea* o!r1 = ! mo/ "p diagonally2 & 9 draw+ on wood x is easi] to produce a %ade by ?is means1 ?an by ?ick5+ ! l9es2 b 9 engrav+ on wood x is precisely ! rev]se2 = x is easi] to leave a ?ick l9e ?an to cut out ! int]/ices ( l9es cross+ ea* o!r4 ,no?+ is m common ?an = p]sons :o "k little ( ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+1 & /ill less ( ! practice1 to ref] to ! frequ5t cross-hat*+ 9 ! cuts suppos$ to h be5 engrav$ by ,alb]t ,dur] z a pro( ( _! excell5ce3 z if ! tal5t ( ! arti/ 7 *iefly display$ 9 su* p>ts ( ! cuts z are 9 reality lea/ wor?y ( him1 & :i* a m]e workman might execute z well4 ,9 opposition to ?is vulg> error ,i v5ture to ass]t1 t !re is n a wood engrav] 9 ,london ( ! lea/ repute :o _c produce appr5tices to cut fac-similes ( any cross-hat*+ t is to be f\nd1 n only 9 ! wood engrav+s suppos$ to h be5 execut$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 b 9 ^? ( any o!r ma/]4 ,! execution ( cross-hat*+ requires "t1 b v little tal5t2 & a mod]ately clev] lad1 ) a /eady h& & a loz5ge-po9t$ tool1 w cut 9 a ye> a squ>e y>d ( su* cross-hat*+ z is g5]ally f\nd 9 ! l>ge/ ( ! cuts suppos$ to h be5 engrav$ by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,9 ! works ( ,bewick1 sc>cely m ?an "o trifl+ in/ance ( cross-hat*+ is to be f\nd2 & 9 ! productions ( all o!r mod]n wood engrav]s :o h made _! own draw+s1 we f9d cross-hat*+ sp>+ly introduc$2 :ile 9 almo/ e "o ( ! cuts design$ by ,dur]1 ,crana*1 ,burgmair1 & o!rs :o are kn[n to h be5 pa9t]s ( em95ce 9 _! day1 x is ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,_h ^! ma/]s engrav$ _! own designs on wood1 z has be5 v g5]ally suppos$1 !y probably w\ld h introduc$ mu* less cross-hat*+ into _! subjects2 b z !re is e reason to believe t !y only made ! draw+ on ! wood1 ! engrav+s :i* are ascrib$ to !m ab\nd 9 l9es :i* are readily made ) a p5 or a p5cil1 b :i* require consid]able "t to cut ) a grav]4 ,at ! p]iod t ,dur] publi%$ 8 illu/rations ( ! ,apocalypse1 few wood-cuts ( mu* m]it ei!r 9 design or execution _h appe>$ 9 pr9t$ books2 & ! wood engrav]s ( t age seem g5]ally to h be5 m]e workm51 :o only und]/ood ! me*anical bran* ( _! art1 b :o 7 utt]ly devoid ( all k ( composition or correct draw+2 & !re is also reason to believe t wood-cuts at t p]iod1 & ev5 = "s "t aft]1 7 n unfrequ5tly engrav$ by wom54,v-#e ,z ! names ( ^? p]sons 7 probably n kn[n beyond ! t[n 9 :i* !y resid$1 x _c be a matt] ( surprise t nei!r _! m>ks nor initials %\ld be f\nd on ! cuts :i* !y engrav$ f ! draw+s ( su* arti/s z ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,footnote ,v-#e3 ,9 a folio ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s draw+s 9 ! ,pr9t ,room at ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a portrait ( 8,fronica1 ,=ms*neid]910 ) ! date #aebe4 ,9 #adcc we f9d a woman at ,nuremb]g describ$ z a c>d-mak]3 8,eli4 ,k>t5ma*]940 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to rem9d ! read] t ! e>lie/ ,g]man wood engrav]s 7 c>d-mak]s4--,see *apt] ,,ii4 p4 #da4 ,x p]haps may be object$1 t z ,alb]t ,dur]'s copp]-plate engrav+s conta9 only 8 m>k1 9 ! same mann] z ! wood engrav+s1 x might ) equal reason be que/ion$ if !y 7 really execut$ by himself4 ,not)/&+ ! id5tity ( ! m>ks1 !re is1 h[ev]1 a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! two cases4 ,9 ! age ( ,alb]t ,dur] mo/ ( ! arti/s :o engrav$ on copp] 7 also pa9t]s2 & mo/ ( ! copp]-plate engrav+s :i* be> 8 m>k are su* z none b an arti/ ( great tal5t c\ld execute4 ,x w\ld require ! abilities ( a fir/-rate copp]-plate engrav] ( ! pres5t day to produce a fac-simile ( 8 be/ copp]-plates2 :ile a wood engrav] ( b mod]ate skill w\ld be able to cut a fac-simile ( "o ( 8 be/ wood engrav+s aft] ! subject 0 drawn = him on ! block4 ,! be/ ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s copp]-plates c\ld only h be5 engrav$ by a ma/]2 :ile ! be/ ( 8 wood-cuts might be engrav$ by a work+ ,=ms*neid] :o _h acquir$ a practical k ( 8 art by engrav+1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? & ,william ,pleyd5wurff1 ! wood-cuts = ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle4 ,von ,murr1 :o 0 ( op9ion t ,alb]t ,dur] engrav$ 8 own designs on wood1 gives a lett] ( ,dur]'s 9 ! n9? volume ( 8 ,j\rnal :i* he ?9ks is decisive ( ! fact4 ,! lett]1 :i* relates to a wood engrav+ ( a %ield ( arms1 0 writt5 9 #aeaa1 & is to ! foll[+ effect3 8,de> ,mi*ael ,beheim1 ,i return y ! arms1 & beg t y w let x rema9 z x is4 ,no "o w make x bett]1 z ,i h done x accord+ to art & ) great c>e1 z ^? :o see x & und]/& ! matt] w tell y4 ,if ! labels 7 ?r[n back above ! helmet1 ! volet w\ld be cov]$40,v-#f ,?is lett]1 h[ev]1 is by no means decisive1 = x is impossible to det]m9e :e!r ! 8arms0 :i* ! arti/ return$ 7 a f9i%$ engrav+ or m]ely a draw+ on wood4,v-#g ,f "o or two expressions x seems mo/ likely to h be5 a draw+ only2 = 9 a f9i%$ cut alt]ations _c v well be introduc$2 & x seems mo/ probable t ,mi*ael ,beheim's objections w\ld be made to ! draw+ ( ! arms be=e !y 7 engrav$1 & n to ! f9i%$ cut4 ,b ev5 suppos+ x to h be5 ! engrav$ block :i* ,dur] return$1 ?is is by no means a pro( ( 8 hav+ engrav$ x himself1 = he might h engrav]s employ$ 9 8 h\se 9 ord] t ! designs :i* he drew on ! blocks might be execut$ "u 8 own sup]9t5d5ce4 ,! ,b>on ,d]s*au inde$ told ,dr4 ,dibd9 t he 0 once 9 possession ( ! j\rnal or day-book ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 f :i* 8x appe>$ t he 0 9 ! habit ( draw+ ^u ! blocks1 & t 8 m5 p]=m$ ! rema9+ op]ation ( cutt+ away ! wood40,v-#h ,?is in=mation1 _h x be5 communicat$ by a p]son ^: v]acity might be dep5d$ on1 w\ld be decisive ( ! "q2 b ! book un=tunately 8p]i%$ 9 ! flames ( a h\se 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "o ( ! battles f\ght betwe5 ,bonap>te & ! ,prussians20 & f a little anecdote record$ by ,dr4 ,dibd9 ! ,b>on appe>s to h be5 a p]son ^: ^w 0 n to be implicitly reli$ on4,v-#i ,footnote ,v-#f3 ,! foll[+ is ,b>ts*'s ,fr5* v]sion ( ?is lett]1 :i* is giv5 9 ! orig9al ,g]man 9 ,von ,murr's ,j\rnal1 #i;er4 ,!il1 ,s4 #ec4 8,*] ,mi*el ,beheim4 ,je v\s envoie les armoiries1 en v\s priant de les laiss] comme elles sont4 ,p]sonne d'ailleurs ne les corrig]oit en mieux1 c> je les ai faites exprs et avec art2 c'e/ p\rquoi ceux qui s'y connoiss5t et qui les v]ront v\s en r5dront bonne raison4 ,si l'on haussoit les lambrequ9s du heaume1 ils c\vriroi5t le volet40--,b>ts*1 ,pe9tre-,graveur1 tom4 vii4 p4 #bg4 ,footnote ,v-#g3 ,9 ,dur]'s ,j\rnal ( 8 visit to ! ,ne!rl&s 9 #aebj !re is ! foll[+ passage3 8,item hab dem von ,rog5dorff se9 ,wapp5 auf ,holz g]iss51 dafr hat er mir ges*5ckt vii4 ,e9 ,sammet40--8,also ,i h drawn = ,von ,rog5dorff 8 arms on wood1 = :i* he has pres5t$ me ) sev5 y>ds ( velvet40--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal zur ,kun/ges*i*te1 #g;er4 ,!il1 ,s4 #gf4 ,footnote ,v-#h3 ,bibliographical ,t\r1 vol4 iii4 p4 #ddb1 second edition4 ,footnote ,v-#i3 ,! ,b>on 0 ! collector ( ! wood-cuts publi%$ ) ,beck]'s explanations1 ref]r$ to at page #bbf1 *apt] ,,iv4 ,! anecdote allud$ to w be f\nd 9 ,dr4 ,dibd9's ,bibliographical ,t\r1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #dde1 #ddf4 ,! ,b>on sold a r>e specim5 ( copp]-plate engrav+ ) ! date ,m4 ,,cccc4 ,,xxx4 to ! ,doctor1 & x seems t he also sold ano!r impression f ! same plate to ,mr4 ,john ,payne4 ,!re is no d\bt ( _! be+ gross =g]ies2 & x is n unlikely t ! plate 0 9 ! ,b>on's possession4 ,neudrff]1 :o 9 #aedf collect$ "s p>ticul>s relative to ! hi/ory ( ! arti/s ( ,nuremb]g1 says t ,j]ome ,res*1 or ,rs*1 engrav$ mo/ ( ! cuts design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,he also says t ,res* 0 "o ( ! mo/ skilful wood engrav]s ( 8 day1 & t he p>ticul>ly excell$ 9 engrav+ lett]s on wood4 ,?is arti/ also us$ to engrave dies = co9+ money1 & _h a pr9t+ e/abli%m5t ( 8 own4 ,he dwelt 9 ! ,broad ,way at ,nuremb]g1 ) a back entrance 9 ,petticoat ,lane2,v-#aj & :5 he 0 employ$ 9 engrav+ ! ,triumphal ,c> drawn by ,alb]t ,dur] = ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 ! ,emp]or us$ to call almo/ e day to see ! progress ( ! "w2 & z he ent]$ at ,petticoat ,lane1 x became a by-^w ) ! common p3 8,! ,emp]or /ill (t5 drives to ,petticoat ,lane40,v-#aa ,footnote ,v-#aj3 8,dies] ,hi]onymus hat allhi] im breit5 ,gass5 gewohnt1 dess5 ,wohnung h9t5 ins ,frau5gssle9 g+40 ,footnote ,v-#aa3 ,neudrff]1 quot$ 9 ,von ,murr's ,j\rnal1 #bt] ,!il1 ,s4 #aeh1 #aei4 ,al?\gh x is by no means unlikely t ,alb]t ,dur] might engrave two or ?ree wood-cuts ( 8 own design+1 yet1 aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( mo/ ( ^? t be> 8 m>k1 ,i _c f9d "o :i* is s decid$ly sup]ior to ! re/ z to induce an op9ion ( its be+ engrav$ by himself2 & ,i _c = a mom5t believe t an arti/ ( 8 great tal5ts1 & :o pa9t$ s _m pictures1 engrav$ s _m copp]-plates1 & made s _m designs1 c\ld f9d "t to engrave ev5 a small "p ( ! _m wood-cuts :i* h be5 suppos$ to be execut$ by him1 & :i* a common wood engrav] might execute z well4 8,if ,dur] himself _h engrav$ on wood10 says ,b>ts* 9 ! sev5? volume ( 8 ,pe9tre-,graveur1 8x is mo/ likely t among ! _m p>ticul> acc\nts :i* we h ( 8 diff]5t pursuits1 & ( ! v>i\s k9d ( works :i* he has left1 ! fact ( 8 hav+ appli$ himself to wood engrav+ w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 transmitt$ 9 a mann] no less explicit2 b1 f> f f9d+ ! lea/ trace ( x1 ev]y?+ t relates to ?is subject proves t he _h nev] employ$ himself 9 ?is k9d ( "w4 ,he is always describ$ z a pa9t]1 a design]1 or an editor ( works engrav$ on wood1 b nev] z a wood engrav]40,v-#ab ,i also fur!r agree ) ,b>ts*1 :o ?9ks t ! wood-cuts :i* conta9 ! m>ks ( ,lucas ,crana*1 ,hans ,burgmair1 & o!rs :o are kn[n to h be5 pa9t]s ( consid]able reputation 9 _! day1 7 n engrav$ by ^? arti/s1 b only design$ or drawn by !m on ! block4 ,footnote ,v-#ab3 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ edition ( ! cuts illu/rative ( ! ,apocalypse1 #adih1 we f9d ! words3 8,g$rukt dur* ,albre*t ,dur]1 ,mal]10--,pr9t$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 pa9t]2 & ! same 9 ,lat9 9 ! second edition1 pr9t$ ab\t #aeaj4 ,! passion ( ,*ri/ & ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 are respectively said to h be5 8effigiata0 & 8p] figuras dige/a0--8drawn0 & 8pictorially repres5t$0 by ,alb]t ,dur]2 & ! cuts ( ! ,triumphal ,c> ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian are describ$ z be+ 8erfund5 und geordnet0--8inv5t$ & arrang$0 by him4--,b>ts*1 ,pe9tre-,graveur1 tom4 vii4 p4 #bh4 ,alb]t ,dur] 0 born at ,nuremb]g1 on #bj? ,may #adga4 ,8 fa!r1 ^: "n 0 also ,alb]t1 0 a goldsmi?1 & a native ( ,cola 9 ,hung>y4 ,8 "m 0 a daught] ( ,j]ome ,hall]1 :o 0 also a goldsmi?1 & ! ma/] "u :om ! eld] ,dur] _h acquir$ a k ( 8 art4 ,alb]t cont9u$ ) 8 fa!r till 8 sixte5? ye>1 & _h1 z he himself says1 le>n$ to execute beautiful works 9 ! goldsmi?'s art1 :5 he felt a great desire to become a pa9t]4 ,8 fa!r on he>+ ( 8 wi% to *ange 8 pr(ession 0 mu* displeas$1 z he consid]$ t ! "t he _h already sp5t 9 endeav\r+ to acquire a k ( ! art ( a goldsmi? 0 entirely lo/4 ,he1 h[ev]1 ass5t$ to 8 son's e>ne/ reque/1 & plac$ him1 on ,/4 ,&rew's day1 #adhf1 z a pupil "u ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? = ! t]m ( ?ree ye>s1 to le>n ! art ( pa9t+4 ,on ! expiration ( 8 8lehr-jahre10 or appr5tice%ip1 9 #adij1 he left 8 ma/]1 &1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ,g]man arti/s ( t p]iod1 proce$$ to travel = ! purpose ( ga9+ a fur!r k ( 8 pr(ession4 ,9 :at mann] or 9 :at places he 0 *iefly employ$ dur+ 8 8w&]-jahre0,v-#ac is n v well kn[n2 b x is probable t 8 travels did n ext5d beyond ,g]many4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 p]egr9ations he visit$ ,colm>1 9 #adib1 :]e he 0 k9dly receiv$ by ,casp>1 ,paul1 & ,l\is1 ! bro!rs ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]2 b he did n see1 ei!r !n or at any o!r p]iod1 t celebrat$ engrav] himself4,v-#ad ,he return$ to ,nuremb]g 9 ! spr+ ( #adid2 & %ortly aft]w>ds m>ri$ ,agnes1 ! daught] ( ,john ,frey1 a me*ani/ ( consid]able reputation ( t city4 ,?is mat*1 :i* is said to h be5 made = him by 8 p>5ts1 prov$ to be an unhappy "o2 =1 ?\gh 8 wife possess$ consid]able p]sonal *>ms1 %e 0 a woman ( a mo/ wret*$ temp]2 & h] incessant urg+ him to cont9u$ ex]tion 9 ord] t %e might obta9 money1 is said to h embitt]$ ! life ( ! arti/ & ev5tually to h ha/5$ 8 dea?4,v-#ae ,footnote ,v-#ac3 ,! "t t a ,g]man arti/ sp5ds 9 travel f ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip to ! p]iod ( 8 settl+ z a ma/] is call$ 8 8w&]-jahre10--8 travell+ ye>s4 ,x is cu/om>y ) _m trades 9 ,g]many = ! "y m5 to travel = a c]ta9 "t on ! t]m9ation ( _! appr5tice%ip be=e !y are admitt$ to ! full privileges ( ! company or fell[%ip4 ,footnote ,v-#ad3 ,x has be5 /at$1 ?\gh errone\sly1 t ,alb]t ,dur] 0 a pupil ( ,m>t9 ,s*ongau]1 or ,s*n1 z ! surname 0 spell$ by "s writ]s1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t pa9t]s & copp]-plate engrav]s ( 8 day4 ,x has be5 g5]ally suppos$ t he di$ 9 #adhf2 b1 if an old memor&um at ! back ( 8 portrait 9 ! collection ( ,c\nt de ,fries c be dep5d$ on1 8 dea? did n take place till ! #b;d ( ,febru>y #adii4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is memor&um w be f\nd 9 ,ottley's ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #fdj4 ,footnote ,v-#ae3 ,on a passage1 9 :i* ,dur] alludes to 8 wife1 9 "o ( 8 lett]s f ,v5ice1 #aejf1 to 8 fri5d ,bilibald ,pirkheim]1 ,von ,murr makes ! foll[+ rem>k3 8,?is ,xantippe mu/ ev5 at t "t h vex$ him mu*2 & he 0 oblig$ to drag on 8 life ) h] = tw5ty-two ye>s long]1 till %e fairly plagu$ him to dea?40--,j\rnal1 #aj;er ,!il1 ,s4 #cb4 ,x has n be5 asc]ta9$ f :om ,alb]t ,dur] le>nt ! art ( engrav+ on copp]2 = !re seems b little reason to believe t 8 ma/] ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? ev] practis$ t bran* ( art1 ?\gh sev]al copp]-plates1 m>k$ ) a ,w1 h be5 ascrib$ to him by "s au?ors4,v-#af ,z mo/ ( ! e>ly copp]-plate engrav]s 7 also goldsmi?s1 x is probable t ,dur] might acquire "s k ( ! =m] art dur+ ! "t t he cont9u$ ) 8 fa!r2 &1 z he 0 end[$ ) a v]satile g5ius1 x is n unlikely t he ow$ 8 future improvem5t entirely to himself4 ,! e>lie/ date t is to be f\nd on 8 copp]-plates is #adid4 ,! subject 9 :i* ?is date occurs repres5ts a gr\p ( f\r nak$ wom5 ) a globe susp5d$ above !m1 9 ! mann] ( a lamp1 on :i* are inscrib$ ! lett]s ,o4 ,g4 ,h4 :i* h be5 suppos$ to signify ! words 8,o ,gott helf60--,help1 ,o ,"l6--z if ! spectator on behold+ ! nak$ beauties 7 exce$+ly liable to fall into temptation4,v-#ag ,footnote ,v-#af3 ,b>ts* is decid$ly ( op9ion t ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? 0 n an engrav]2 & he ascribes all ! plates m>k$ ) a ,w1 :i* o!rs h suppos$ to be ,wolgemu?'s1 to ,w5ceslaus ( ,olmutz1 an arti/ ( :om no?+ is positively kn[n4 ,footnote ,v-#ag3 ,?is subject has also be5 engrav$ by ,israel ,von ,meck51 & by an arti/ suppos$ to be ,w5ceslaus ( ,olmutz4 ,x is probable t ^? arti/s h copi$ ,dur]'s engrav+4 ,on ! globe 9 ,israel ,von ,meck5's plate ! lett]s are ,o4 ,g4 ,b4 ,! e>lie/ wood engrav+s t conta9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s m>k are sixte5 subjects1 ( folio size1 illu/rative ( ! ,apocalypse1 :i* 7 pr9t$ at ,nuremb]g1 #adih4 ,on ! fir/ leaf is ! title 9 ,g]man3 8,die heimli*e ,(f5b>ung ,johannes0--8,! ,revelation ( ,john20--& on ! back ( ! la/ cut b "o is ! impr9t3 8,g$rcket zu ,nurnb]gk dur* ,albre*t ,dur]1 mal]1 na* ,*ri/i geburt ,m4 ,,cccc4 und d>na* im xcviij4 i>0--8,pr9t$ at ,nuremb]g by ,alb]t ,dur]1 pa9t]1 9 ! ye> aft] ! bir? ( ,*ri/ #adih40 ,! date ( ^? cuts m>ks an important epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+4 ,f ?is "t ! b\nd>ies ( ! art became enl>g$2 & wood engrav]s1 in/ead ( be+ almo/ :olly occupi$ 9 execut+ designs ( ! v l[e/ "*1 drawn )\t feel+1 ta/e1 or k1 7 n[ to be engag$ 9 engrav+ subjects ( g5]al int]e/1 drawn1 expressly = ! purpose ( be+ ?us execut$1 by "s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ arti/s ( ! age4 ,?\gh sev]al cuts ( ! ,apocalypse are faulty 9 draw+ & extravagant 9 design1 !y are on ! :ole mu* sup]ior to any s]ies ( wood engrav+s t prec$$ !m2 & _! execution1 ?\gh co>se1 is free & bold4 ,!y are n equal1 9 po9t ( well-contra/$ light & %ade1 to "s ( ,dur]'s lat] designs on wood2 b consid]+ !m z 8 fir/ essays 9 draw+ on wood1 !y are n unwor?y ( 8 reputation4 ,!y appe> z if !y _h be5 drawn on ! block ) a p5 & ink2 & ?\gh cross-hat*+ is to be f\nd 9 all ( !m1 ?is mode ( indicat+ a %ade1 or obta9+ 8col\r10 is mu* less frequ5tly employ$ ?an 9 "s ( 8 lat] productions4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( "o ( ! cuts1 ,no4 #aa1 :i* is illu/rative ( ! twelf? *apt] ( ,revelations1 v]ses #a-d3 8,& !re appe>$ a great wond] 9 heav52 a woman clo!d ) ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4----,& !re appe>$ ano!r wond] 9 heav52 & behold a great r$ dragon1 hav+ sev5 heads & t5 horns1 & sev5 cr[ns ^u 8 heads4 ,& 8 tail drew ! ?ird "p ( ! />s ( heav51 & did ca/ !m to ! e>?2 & ! dragon /ood be=e ! woman40 ,illu/ration ,9 #aejb a pirat$ edition ( ^? cuts 0 publi%$ at ,/rasburg by ,j]ome ,greff1 :o describes himself z a pa9t] ( ,frank=t4 ,9 #aeaa ,dur] publi%$ a second edition ( ! orig9als2 & on ! back ( ! la/ cut b "o is a caution address$ to ! plagi>y1 in=m+ him ( ! ,emp]or's ord]1 prohibit+ any "o to copy ! cuts or to sell ! spuri\s impressions )9 ! limits ( ! ,g]man empire1 "u ! p5alty ( ! confiscation ( goods1 & at ! p]il ( fur!r puni%m5t4,v-#ah ,footnote ,v-#ah3 ,?is caution is 9 ! orig9al express$ 9 ! foll[+ indignant t]ms3 8,heus1 tu insidiator1 ac ali5i laboris et +5ii surreptor1 ne manus tem]>ias 8 no/ris op]ibus inicias cave4 ,scias enim a gloriosissimo ,romanorum imp]atore ,maximiliano nobis concessum esse ne quis suppositiciis =mis has imag9es imprim]e seu impressas p] imp]ii limites v5d]e audeat3 q' p] contemptum seu av>ici crim5 secus fec]is1 po/ bonorum confiscationem tibi maximum p]iculum subeundum esse c]tissime scias40 ,?\gh no o!r wood engrav+s ) ,dur]'s m>k are f\nd ) a date till #aejd1 yet x is highly probable t sev]al subjects ( 8 design+ 7 engrav$ betwe5 #adih1 ! date ( ! ,apocalypse1 & ! above ye>2 & x is also likely t he engrav$ sev]al copp]-plates )9 ?is p]iod2 al?\gh1 ) ! exception ( t ( ! f\r nak$ wom51 !re are only f\r kn[n :i* conta9 a date e>li] ?an #aeje4 ,ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( #aejf ,dur] visit$ ,v5ice1 :]e he rema9$ till ,octob] 9 ! same ye>4 ,eight lett]s :i* he address$ to ,bilibald ,pirkheim] f ,v5ice1 are pr9t$ 9 ! t5? volume ( ,von ,murr's ,j\rnal4 ,9 ! fir/ lett]1 :i* is dat$ on ! day ( ! ,?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne1 #aejf1 he in=ms 8 fri5d t he 0 employ$ to pa9t a picture = ! ,g]man *ur* at ,v5ice1 = :i* he 0 to receive a hundr$ & t5 ,rh5i% guild]s1,v-#ai & t he expects to h x ready to place above ! alt> a mon? aft] ,ea/]4 ,he expresses a hope t he w be enabl$ to repay out ( ?is money :at he _h borr[$ ( ,pirkheim]4 ,f ?is lett] x seems evid5t t ,dur]'s circum/ances 7 n !n 9 a v fl\ri%+ /ate1 & t he _h to dep5d on 8 ex]tions = ! means ( liv+4 ,! comp>atively trifl+ sums :i* he m5tions z hav+ s5t to 8 "m & 8 wife suffici5tly decl>e t he _h n left a consid]able sum at home4 ,he also says1 t %\ld 8 wife want m money1 h] fa!r mu/ assi/ h]1 & t he w hon\rably repay him on 8 return4 ,footnote ,v-#ai3 ,von ,murr says t ! subject ( ?is picture 0 ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ! sa9t to :om ! *ur* 0 d$icat$2 & t ! pa9t+ aft]w>ds came into ! possession ( ! ,emp]or ,rudolf ,,ii4 & 0 plac$ 9 8 gall]y at ,prague4 ,x seems t ,dur] _h tak5 "s pictures ) him to ,v5ice2 = 9 8 fif? lett] he says t he has sold two = tw5ty-f\r ducats1 & ex*ang$ ?ree o!rs = ?ree r+s1 valu$ also at tw5ty-f\r ducats4 ,9 ! second lett]1 aft] tell+ ,pirkheim] t he has no o!r fri5d b him on e>?1 he expresses a wi% t he 7 9 ,v5ice to enjoy ! pleasant company t he has met ) !re4 ,! foll[+ passage1 :i* occurs 9 ?is lett]1 is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! collection3 8,i h _m good fri5ds among ! ,italians1 :o w>n me n to eat or dr9k ) _! pa9t]s1 ( :om sev]al are my enemies1 & copy my picture 9 ! *ur* & o!rs ( m9e1 :]ev] !y c f9d !m2 & yet !y blame !m1 & say !y are n accord+ to anci5t art1 & !re=e n good4 ,giovanni ,bell9i,v-#bj h[ev] has prais$ me highly to sev]al g5tlem51 & wi%es to h some?+ ( my do+4 ,he call$ on me himself1 & reque/$ t ,i w\ld pa9t a picture = him1 = :i* he said he w\ld pay me well4 ,p are all surpris$ t ,i %\ld be s mu* ?\ght ( by a p]son ( 8 reputation4 ,he is v old1 b is /ill ! be/ pa9t] ( !m all4 ,! ?+s :i* pleas$ me elev5 ye>s ago1 please me no long]4 ,if ,i _h n se5 x myself ,i c\ld n h believ$ x4 ,y mu/ also "k t !re are _m bett] pa9t]s )9 ?is city ?an ,ma/] ,jacob is )\t1 al?\gh ,an?ony ,kolb swe>s t !re is n on e>? a bett] pa9t] ?an ,jacob4,v-#ba ,! o!rs laugh1 & say if he 7 good = any?+ he w\ld live 9 ,v5ice40 ,footnote ,v-#bj3 ,9 ! ,v5etian dialect ( t p]iod ,giovanni ,bell9i 0 call$ ,zan ,bel92 & ,dur] spells ! "n 8,sambell9us40 ,he 0 ! ma/] ( ,titian1 & di$ 9 #aead1 at ! age ( n9ety4--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #aj;er ,!il1 ,s4 #h4 ,footnote ,v-#ba3 ,von ,murr says t he _c discov] :at ,jacob is "h meant4 ,x w\ld n be ,jacob ,wals*1 z he di$ 9 #aejj4 ,! p]son allud$ to 0 c]ta9ly n an ,italian4 ,! great] "p ( ! o!r six lett]s are *iefly occupi$ ) acc\nts ( 8 success 9 execut+ sundry little commissions ) :i* he _h be5 entru/$ by 8 fri5ds1 su* z ! pur*ase ( a f+]-r+ & two pieces ( tape/ry2 to enquire aft] su* ,greek books z _h be5 rec5tly publi%$2 & to get him "s crane fea!rs4 ,! six? & sev5? lett]s are writt5 9 a ve9 ( hum\r :i* at ! pres5t "t w\ld be call$ gross4 ,von ,murr illu/rates "o passage by a quotation f ,swift :i* is n rem>kable = its delicacy2 & he also says t ,dur]'s eigh? lett] is writt5 9 ! humor\s /yle ( t writ]4 ,^? lett]s %[ t *a/ity 0 n "o ( ,bilibald ,pirkheim]'s virtues2 & t ! le>n$ c\nsellor ( ! imp]ial city ( ,nuremb]g 0 devot$ 8tam ,v5]i quam ,m]curio40,v-#bb ,footnote ,v-#bb3 ,bilibald ,pirkheim] 0 a le>n$ man1 & a p]son ( great au?ority 9 ! city ( ,nuremb]g4 ,he 0 also a memb] ( ! ,imp]ial ,c\ncil1 & 0 frequ5tly employ$ 9 negociations ) neighb\r+ /ates4 ,he publi%$ sev]al works2 & among o!rs a humor\s essay entitl$ 8,laus ,podagr0--,! ,praise ( ! ,g\t4 ,8 memory is /ill held 9 great respect 9 ,g]many z ! fri5d ( ,alb]t ,dur] & ,ulri* ,hutt51 two ( ! mo/ extraord9>y m5 t ,g]many has produc$4 ,he di$ 9 #aecj1 ag$ #fj4 ,9 ! f\r? lett] ,dur] says t ! pa9t]s 7 mu* oppos$ to him2 t !y _h ?rice compell$ him to g be=e ! magi/racy2 & t !y _h oblig$ him to give f\r flor9s to _! society4 ,9 ! sev5? lett]1 he writes z foll[s ab\t ! picture :i* he _h pa9t$ = ! ,g]man *ur*3 8,i h ?r\gh x receiv$ great praise1 b little pr(it4 ,i might well h ga9$ two hundr$ ducats 9 ! same "t1 & all ! :ile ,i lab\r$ mo/ dilig5tly 9 ord] t ,i might get home aga94 ,i h giv5 all ! pa9t]s a rubb+ d[n :o said t ,i c\ld engrave,v-#bc well1 b t 9 pa9t+ ,i knew n h[ to manage my col\rs4 ,ev]ybody "h says !y nev] saw col\rs m beautiful40 ,9 8 la/ lett]1 :i* is dat$1 8at ,v5ice1 ,i "k n :at day ( ! mon?1 b ab\t ! f\rte5? day aft] ,mi*aelmas1 #aejf10 he says t he w be ready to leave t city 9 ab\t t5 days2 t he int5ds to proce$ to ,bologna1 & aft] /ay+ !re ab\t eight or t5 days = ! sake ( le>n+ "s secrets 9 p]spective1 to return home by way ( ,v5ice4 ,he visit$ ,bologna z he int5d$2 & 0 treat$ ) great respect by ! pa9t]s ( t city4 ,aft] a brief /ay at ,bologna1 he return$ to ,nuremb]g2 & !re is no evid5ce ( 8 ev] hav+ visit$ ,italy aga94 ,footnote ,v-#bc3 ,! k9d ( engrav+ meant 0 copp]-plate engrav+4 ,dur]'s words are3 8,i* hab aw* dy ,mol] all ge/hrilt dy d sagt51 ,im ,/e*5 w] i* gut1 ab] im mol5 we/ i* nit mit f>b5 um zu g540 ,! ^w 8,/e*50 applies to engrav+ on copp]2 8,s*neid50 to engrav+ on wood4--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #aj;er ,!il1 ,s4 #bh4 ,illu/ration ,9 #aeaa1 ! second ( ,dur]'s l>ge works engrav$ on wood appe>$ at ,nuremb]g4 ,x is g5]ally entitl$ ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & consi/s ( n9ete5 l>ge cuts1 ea* ab\t elev5 in*es & ?ree qu>t]s high1 by eight in*es & a qu>t] wide1 ) a vignette ( small] size :i* ornam5ts ! title-page4,v-#bd ,impressions are to be f\nd )\t any accompany+ text1 b ! great] numb] h explanatory v]ses pr9t$ f type at ! back4 ,! cut "h repres5t$ is a r$uc$ copy ( ! vignette on ! title-page4 ,! ,virg9 is se5 seat$ on a cresc5t1 giv+ suck to ! infant ,*ri/2 & h] figure & t ( ! *ild are drawn ) great feel+4 ,( all ,dur]'s ,madonnas1 :e!r engrav$ on wood or copp]1 ?is1 p]haps1 is "o ( ! be/4 ,h] attitude is easy & natural1 & happily expressive ( ! "* 9 :i* %e is repres5t$--t ( a nurs+ "m4 ,! light & %ade are well contra/$2 & ! folds ( h] ample drap]y1 :i* ,dur] 0 fond ( introduc+ :5ev] he c\ld1 are arrang$ 9 a mann] :i* mat]ially contributes to ! effect ( ! engrav+4 ,footnote ,v-#bd3 ,! title at l5g? is z foll[s3 8,epitome 9 ,div ,p>!nices ,m>ie ,hi/oriam ab ,alb]to ,dur]o ,norico p] figuras dige/am1 cum v]sibus annexis ,*elidonii40 ,*elidonius1 :o 0 a ,b5$ict9e monk ( ,nuremb]g1 also furni%$ ! descriptive text to ! s]ies ( twelve cuts illu/rative ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ( :i* specim5s w be f\nd betwe5 page #bdf & page #bej4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ cuts are r$uc$ copies ( two ( ! l>g] subjects ( ! same "w4 ,t :i* is "h giv5 repres5ts ! bir? ( ! ,virg92 & 7 x n = ! angel :o is se5 sw++ a c5s] at ! top ( ! room1 x might be tak5 = ! acc\*em5t ( a ,g]man burgoma/]'s wife 9 ! ye> #aeaj4 ,! int]ior is app>5tly t ( a h\se 9 ,nuremb]g ( ,dur]'s own "t1 & ! figures introduc$ are d\btless fai?ful copies1 bo? 9 co/ume & "*1 ( su* females z 7 g5]ally to be f\nd 9 ! h\se ( a ,g]man tradesman on su* an occasion4 ,f ! numb] ( cups & flagons t are se51 we may be c]ta9 t ! gossips did n want liquor2 & t 9 ,dur]'s age ! female fri5ds & att5dants on a groan+ woman 7 accu/om$ to enjoy !mselves on ! bir? ( a *ild ov] a *e]ful cup4 ,9 ! =e-gr\nd an eld]ly female is p]ceiv$ tak+ a draught1 )\t measure1 f a flagon2 :ile ano!r1 m 9 ! di/ance & f>!r to ! "r1 appe>s to be dr9k+1 f a cup1 heal? to ! infant :i* a woman l a nurse holds 9 h] arms4 ,an eld]ly female1 sitt+ by ! side ( ! b$1 has dropp$ into a doze2 b :e!r f ! effects ( ! liquor or long wat*+ x w\ld n be easy to div9e4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! b$ a female figure pres5ts a caudle1 ) a spoon 9 x1 to ,/4 ,anne1 ! "m ( ! ,virg91 :ile ano!r is se5 fill+ a goblet ( w9e4 ,at ! bottom ( ! cut is ,dur]'s m>k on a tablet4 ,! orig9al cut is n rem>kable = ! excell5ce ( its engrav+1 b x af=ds a /rik+ example ( ! little att5tion :i* ,dur]1 9 common ) mo/ o!r ,g]man pa9t]s ( t p]iod1 paid to propriety ( co/ume 9 ! treatm5t ( su* subjects4 ,! piece is ,hebrew1 ( ! age ( ,h]od ! ,great2 b ! sc5]y1 dresses1 & decorations are ,g]man1 ( ! "t ( ,maximilian ,i4 ,! second specim5 ( ! l>ge cuts ( ,dur]'s ,life ( ! ,virg91 giv5 on ! next page1 repres5ts ! ,soj\rn ( ! ,holy ,family 9 ,egypt4 ,9 ! =e-gr\nd ,/4 ,joseph is se5 work+ at 8 bus9ess z a c>p5t]2 :ile a numb] ( little figures1 l s _m ,cupids1 are busily employ$ 9 collect+ ! *ips :i* he makes & 9 putt+ !m into a basket4 ,two little w+$ figures1 ( ! same family z ! *ip-collectors1 are se5 runn+ h&-9-h&1 a little m 9 ! di/ance to ! left1 & "o ( !m holds 9 8 h& a play?+ l ^? :i* are call$ 8w9dmills0 9 ,engl&1 & are cri$ ab\t z 8toys = girls & boys10 & sold = a halfp5ny ea*1 or ex*ang$ = old pewt] spoons1 doctors' bottles1 or brok5 fl9t-glass4 ,to ! "r ! ,virg91 a matronly-look+ figure1 is se5 sitt+ sp9n+1 & at ! same "t rock+ ) h] foot ! cradle 9 :i* ! infant ,*ri/ is asleep4 ,ne> ! ,virg9 are ,/4 ,elizabe? & h] "y son1 ! future ,bapti/4 ,at ! head ( ! cradle is an angel b5d+ z if 9 ! act ( adoration2 :ile ano!r1 imm$iately beh9d ,/4 ,elizabe?1 holds a pot conta9+ fl[]s4 ,9 ! sky !re is a repres5tation ( ! ,deity1 ) ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! %ape ( a dove4 ,! arti/ has n ?\ght x necess>y to m>k ! locality ( ! sc5e by ! introduction ( pyramids & temples 9 ! back-gr\nd1 = ! ar*itectural p>ts ( 8 subject1 z well z ! human figures1 h evid5tly be5 suppli$ by 8 own c\ntry1 ,dur]'s m>k is at ! bottom ( ! cut on ! "r4 ,illu/ration ,*ri/'s ,passion1 consi/+ ( a s]ies ( elev5 l>ge wood-cuts & a vignette1 design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 appe>$ ab\t ! same "t z 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg94,v-#be ,! descriptive matt] 0 compil$ by ,*elidonius2 &1 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 a c]ta9 numb] ( impressions 7 pr9t$ )\t any explanatory text4,v-#bf ,! l>ge subjects are ab\t fifte5 in*es & a half high1 by elev5 in*es & an eigh? wide4 ,! foll[+ cut is a r$uc$ copy ( ! vignette on ! title-page4 ,footnote ,v-#be3 ,! cuts ( ^! two works appe> to h be5 9 ! h&s ( ! engrav] at ! same "t4 ,( ^? 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 "o is dat$ #aeji2 & two be> ! date #aeaj2 & 9 ! ,passion ( ,*ri/ f\r are dat$ #aeaj4 ,footnote ,v-#bf3 ,! ,lat9 title ( ! "w is z foll[s3 8,passio ,dom9i no/ri ,jesu1 ex ,hi]onymo ,paduano1 ,dom9ico ,manc9o1 ,s$ulio1 et ,bapti/a ,mantuana1 p] fratrem ,*elidonium collecta1 cum figuris ,alb]ti ,dur]i ,norici ,pictoris40 ,illu/ration ,! subject is ,*ri/ mock$2 b ! arti/ has at ! same "t wi%$ to express 9 ! figure ( ,*ri/ ! v>iety ( 8 suff]+s3 ! ,savi\r prays z if 9 8 agony on ! m\nt2 ne> him lies ! in/rum5t ( 8 flagellation2 8 h&s & feet be> ! m>ks ( ! nails1 & he appe>s seat$ on ! cov]+ ( 8 sepul*re4 ,! soldi] is kneel+ & (f]+ a re$ z a sceptre to ,*ri/1 :om he hails 9 d]ision z ,k+ ( ! ,jews4 ,! ?ree foll[+ cuts are r$uc$ copies ( ! same numb] 9 ! ,passion ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! cut ( ! ,la/ ,supp]1 9 ! next page1 cross-hat*+ is freely introduc$1 ?\gh )\t contribut+ mu* to ! improvem5t ( ! engrav+2 & ! same effect 9 ! wall to ! "r1 9 ! gro9s ( ! ro(1 & 9 ! floor "u ! table1 might be produc$ by mu* simpl] means4 ,no arti/1 ,i am p]suad$1 w\ld introduce su* "w 9 a design if he _h to engrave x himself4 ,! same 8col\r0 might be produc$ by s+le l9es :i* c\ld be execut$ 9 a ?ird ( ! "t requir$ to cut out ! int]/ices ( ! cross-hat*+s4 ,dur]'s m>k is at ! bottom ( ! cut1 & ! date #aeaj is p]ceiv$ above x1 on ! frame ( ! table4 ,! cut on page #bdi1 f ! ,passion1 ,*ri/ be>+ 8 ,cross1 is highly *>act]i/ic ( ,dur]'s /yle2 & ! orig9al is "o ( ! be/ ( all ! wood engrav+s :i* be> 8 m>k4 ,! *>act]s introduc$ are su* z he 0 fonde/ ( draw+2 & mo/ ( ! heads & figures may be recognis$ 9 sev]al o!r engrav+s ei!r execut$ by himself on copp] or by o!rs on wood f 8 designs4 ,illu/ration ,! figure :i* is se5 hold+ a k9d ( halb]t 9 8 "r h& is a fav\rite ) ,dur]1 & is introduc$1 ) trifl+ v>iations1 9 at lea/ half a doz5 ( 8 subjects2 & ! horseman ) a k9d ( turban on 8 head & a lance 9 8 left h& occurs no less frequ5tly4 ,/4 ,v]onica1 :o is se5 hold+ ! 8sud>ium10 or holy h&k]*ief1 9 ! =e-gr\nd to ! left1 is a type ( 8 female figures2 ! head ( ! execution]1 :o is se5 urg+ ,*ri/ =w>d1 is ne>ly ! same z t ( ! mock] 9 ! prec$+ vignette2 & ,simon ! ,cyr5ian1 :o assi/s to be> ! cross1 appe>s to be ! tw9-bro!r ( ,/4 ,joseph 9 ! ,soj\rn 9 ,egypt4 ,! figure ( ,*ri/1 b[$ d[n ) ! weight ( ! cross1 is well drawn1 & 8 face is /rongly expressive ( sorr[4 ,beh9d ,simon ! ,cyr5ian are ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john2 & "u ! gateway a man ) a hagg>d visage is p]ceiv$ c>ry+ a ladd] ) 8 head betwe5 ! /eps4 ,! arti/'s m>k is at ! bottom ( ! cut4 ,illu/ration ,! subject ( ! cut on page #bej1 f ,*ri/'s ,passion1 repres5ts ! desc5t into hell & ! lib]ation ( ! ance/ors4 ,! massive gates ( ! abode ( s9 & dea? h be5 bur/ op51 & ! bann] ( ! cross waves triumphant4 ,among ^? :o h already be5 lib]at$ f ! pit ( d>kness are ,eve1 :o has h] back turn$ t[>ds ! spectator1 & ,adam1 :o 9 8 "r h& holds an apple1 ! symbol ( 8 fall1 & ) 8 left supports a cross1 ! emblem ( 8 r$emption4 ,9 ! front is ,*ri/ aid+ o!rs ( ! ance/ors to asc5d f ! pit1 to ! great dismay ( ! demons ^: realm is invad$4 ,a horrid mon/]1 ) a head l t ( a bo> surm\nt$ ) a horn1 aims a bl[ at ! ,r$eem] ) a k9d ( rude lance2 :ile ano!r1 a hide\s comp\nd ( ?+s t swim1 & walk1 & fly1 s\nds a note ( al>m to ar\se 8 k9dr$ fi5ds4 ,on a /one1 above ! entrance to ! pit1 is ! date #aeaj2 & ,dur]'s m>k is p]ceiv$ on ano!r /one imm$iately be=e ! figure ( ,*ri/4 ,?is cut1 ) ! exception ( ! frequ5t cross-hat*+1 is design$ m 9 ! /yle & _s ( ! arti/'s illu/rations ( ! ,apocalypse ?an 9 ! mann] ( ! re/ ( ! s]ies to :i* x belongs4 ,illu/ration ,! prec$+ specim5s ( wood-cuts f ,dur]'s ?ree great works1 ! ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & ,*ri/'s ,passion1 af=d n only an idea ( ! /yle ( 8 draw+ on wood1 b also ( ! progress made by ! art ( wood engrav+ f ! "t ( 8 fir/ avail+ himself ( its capabilities4 ,9 ,dur]'s designs on wood we p]ceive n only m correct draw+ & a great] k ( composition1 b also a mu* m effective comb9ation ( light & %ade1 ?an are to be f\nd 9 any wood-cuts execut$ be=e ! date ( 8 e>lie/ "w1 ! ,apocalypse1 :i* appe>$ 9 #adih4 ,"o ( ! peculi> advantages ( wood engrav+ is ! effect ) :i* /rong %ades c be repres5t$2 & ( ?is ,dur] has g5]ally avail$ himself ) ! greate/ skill4 ,on comp>+ 8 works engrav$ on wood ) all ^? previ\sly execut$ 9 ! same mann]1 we %all f9d t 8 figures are n only mu* bett] drawn & m skilfully gr\p$1 b t in/ead ( /ick+1 9 h>d outl9e1 aga9/ ! back-gr\nd1 !y /& out ) ! natural appe>ance ( rotundity4 ,! rules ( p]spective are m att5tively obs]v$2 ! back-gr\nds bett] fill$2 & a numb] ( subord9ate objects introduc$--su* z trees1 h]bage1 fl[]s1 animals1 & *ildr5--:i* at once give a pleas+ v>iety to ! subject & imp>t to x ! /amp ( tru?4 ,?\gh ! figures 9 _m ( 8 designs may n inde$ be correct 9 po9t ( co/ume1--= ?\gh he dilig5tly /udi$ ,nature1 x 0 only 9 h] ,g]man dress1--yet _! "* & expression are g5]ally appropriate & natural4 ,?\gh incapable ( imp>t+ to sacr$ subjects ! elevat$ "* :i* is giv5 to !m by ,raffaele1 8 repres5tations are p]haps no less l ! orig9als ?an ^? ( ! great ,italian ma/]4 ,x is inde$ highly probable t ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,g]man repres5tatives ( sa9ts & apo/les are m l ! orig9als ?an ! m dignifi$ ideal portraits ( ,raffaele4 ,! latt]1 f 8 k ( ! antique1 has frequ5tly giv5 to 8 ,jews a "* & a co/ume borr[$ f ,grecian art ( ! age ( ,phidias2 :ile ,alb]t ,dur] has giv5 to !m ! features & inve/$ !m 9 ! co/ume ( ,g]mans ( 8 own age4 ,%ortly aft] ! appe>ance ( ! l>ge cuts illu/rative ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ,dur] publi%$ a s]ies ( ?irty-sev5 ( a small] size1 also engrav$ on wood1 :i* ,mr4 ,ottley calls 8,! ,fall ( ,man & 8 ,r$emption ?r\gh ,*ri/10 b :i* ,dur] himself ref]s to "u ! title ( 8,! ,little ,passion40,v-#bg ,all ! cuts ( ! ,little ,passion1 z well z sev5te5 ( ^? ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 & sev]al o!r pieces ( ,dur]'s1 7 imitat$ on copp] by ,m>c ,antonio ,raimondi1 ! celebrat$ ,italian engrav]1 :o is said to h sold 8 copies z ! orig9als4 ,vas>i1 9 8 ,life ( ,m>c ,antonio1 says t :5 ,dur] 0 in=m$ ( ?is imitation ( 8 works1 he 0 highly inc5s$ & he set out directly = ,v5ice1 & t on 8 arrival !re he compla9$ ( ,m>c ,antonio's proce$+s to ! gov]nm5t2 b c\ld obta9 no fur!r r$ress ?an t 9 future ,m>c ,antonio %\ld n put ,dur]'s m>k to 8 engrav+s4 ,footnote ,v-#bg3 ,! ,lat9 title ( ?is "w is 8,passio ,*ri/i10 & ! explanatory v]ses are f ! p5 ( ,*elidonius4 ,dur]1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( 8 ,visit to ! ,ne!rl&s1 twice m5tions x z 8die ,kle9e ,passion10 & ea* "t ) a di/9ction :i* proves t he did n mean ! ,passion engrav$ by him on copp] & probably publi%$ 9 #aeab4 8,item ,sebaldt ,fis*] hat mir zu ,antorff ,antw]p abkaufft #af kle9] ,passion1 pro #d fl4 ,mehr #cb gross] ,b*] pro #h fl4 ,mehr #f ge/o*ne ,passion pro #c fl40--8,d>na* die drey ,b*] uns] ,frau5 ,leb51 ,apocalyps91 und d5 gross5 ,passion1 d>na* d5 kle9 ,passion1 und d5 ,passion 9 ,kupff]40--,albre*t ,dr]s ,reisej\rnal1 9 ,von ,murr1 #g;er ,!il1 ,s4 #fj & #fg4 ,! size ( ! cuts ( ! ,little ,passion is five in*es high by ?ree & sev5-eigh?s wide4 ,f\r impressions f ! orig9al blocks are giv5 9 ,ottley's ,inquiry1 vol4 ii4 betwe5 page #gcj & page #gca4 ,?\gh x is by no means unlikely t ,dur] might apply to ! ,v5etian gov]nm5t to prev5t ! sale ( spuri\s copies ( 8 works )9 ! b\nds ( _! jurisdiction1 yet ,vas>i's acc\nt ( 8 p]sonally visit+ t city = ! purpose ( mak+ a compla9t aga9/ ,m>c ,antonio1 & ( ! gov]nm5t hav+ =bid ! latt] to affix ,dur]'s m>k to 8 engrav+s 9 future1 is c]ta9ly incorrect4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 ! e>lie/ ( ! two works :i* 7 almo/ entirely copi$ by ,m>c ,antonio1 0 n publi%$ be=e #aeaj1 & !re is n ! slighte/ evid5ce ( ,dur] hav+ re-visit$ ,v5ice aft] 8 return to ,nuremb]g ab\t ! latt] end ( #aejf4 ,b>ts* ?9ks t ,vas>i's acc\nt ( ,dur]'s compla9+ to ! ,v5etian gov]nm5t aga9/ ,m>c ,antonio is :olly unf\nd$2 n only f ! fact ( ,dur] n hav+ visit$ ,v5ice subsequ5t to #aejf1 b f ! improbability ( 8 apply+ to a =eign /ate to prohibit a /rang] f copy+ 8 works4 ,mr4 ,ottley1 h[ev]1--aft] obs]v+ t ,m>c ,antonio _h affix$ ,dur]'s m>k to 8 copies ( ! sev5te5 cuts ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 & ( "s o!r s+le subjects1 b _h omitt$ x 9 8 copies ( ! cuts ( ! ,little ,passion1--?us expresses 8 op9ion ) respect to ! correctness ( ?is "p ( ,vas>i's acc\nt3 8,t ,dur]1 :o enjoy$ ! especial protection ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 might be enabl$ ?r\gh ! imp]ial ambassador at ,v5ice to lay 8 compla9ts be=e ! gov]nm5t1 & to obta9 ! prohibition be=e /at$1 may ,i ?9k readily be imag9$2 & x _c be d5i$1 t ! circum/ance ( ,m>c ,antonio's hav+ omitt$ to affix ! m>k ( ,alb]t to ! copies :i* he aft]w>ds made ( ! s]ies ( ! #8,life ( ,*ri/' is /rongly corroborative ( ! g5]al tru? ( ! /ory40,v-#bh ,z two ( ! cuts 9 ! ,little ,passion1 :i* ,mr4 ,ottley "h calls ! 8,life ( ,*ri/10 are dat$ #aeaj1 & z1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,ottley1 ,m>c ,antonio arriv$ at ,rome 9 ! c\rse ( t ye>1 x is difficult to conceive h[ ! gov]nm5t ( ,v5ice c\ld h ! p[] to prohibit a native ( ,bologna1 liv+ 9 a /ate beyond _! jurisdiction1 f affix+ ,alb]t ,dur]'s m>k to su* engrav+s z he might please to copy f ! works ( t ma/]4 ,footnote ,v-#bh3 ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ghb4 ,! objections to ! g5]al tru? ( ,vas>i's /ory appe> to be mu* /rong] ?an ! presumptions 9 its fav\r4 #a4 ,! improbability ( ,alb]t ,dur] hav+ visit$ ,v5ice subsequ5t to #aejf2 #b4 ,! fact ( ,m>c ,antonio's copies ( ! cuts ( ! ,little ,passion n conta9+ ,alb]t ,dur]'s m>k2 & #c4 ,! probability ( ,m>k ,antonio resid+ beyond ! jurisdiction ( ! ,v5etian gov]nm5t at ! "t ( 8 engrav+ !m4 ,among ! m rem>kable s+le subjects engrav$ on wood f ,dur]'s designs1 ! foll[+ are mo/ frequ5tly ref]r$ to3 ,god ! ,fa!r be>+ up into heav5 ! dead body ( ,*ri/1 ) ! date #aeaa2 a ,rh9oc]os1 ) ! date #aeae2 a portrait ( ,ulri* ,v>nbul]1 ) ! date #aebb2 a l>ge head ( ,*ri/ cr[n$ ) ?orns1 )\t date2 & ! ,siege ( a =tifi$ t[n1 ) ! date #aebg4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ! above-nam$ cuts1 ,god ! ,fa!r we>s a k9d ( ti>a l t ( ! ,pope1 & above ! pr9cipal figure ! ,holy ,gho/ is se5 hov]+ 9 ! =m ( a dove4 ,on ea* side ( ! ,deity & ! dead ,*ri/ are angels hold+ ! cross1 ! pill> to :i* ,*ri/ 0 b\nd :5 he 0 sc\rg$1 ! cr[n ( ?orns1 ! sponge dipp$ 9 v9eg>1 & o!r emblems ( ! ,passion4 ,at ! foot are heads ) puff$-out *eeks int5d$ to repres5t ! w9ds4 ,?is cut is engrav$ 9 a cle>] & m delicate /yle ?an mo/ ( ! o!r subjects design$ by ,dur] on wood4 ,!re are impressions ( ! ,rh9oc]os1 & ! portrait ( ,v>nbul]1 pr9t$ 9 *i>o-scuro f ?ree blocks2 & !re are also o!r wood-cuts design$ by ,dur] execut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! l>ge head ( ,*ri/1 :i* is engrav$ 9 a co>se ?\gh spirit$ & effective mann]1 is plac$ by ,b>ts* among ! d\btful pieces ascrib$ to ,dur]2 b ,mr4 ,ottley says1 8,i am unwill+ to d5y to ,dur] ! cr$it ( ?is admirable & boldly execut$ production40,v-#bi ,! cut repres5t+ ! siege ( a =tifi$ t[n is tw5ty-eight in*es & ?ree-eigh?s wide1 by eight in*es & sev5 eigh?s high4 ,x has be5 engrav$ on two blocks1 & aft]w>ds pa/$ toge!r4 ,a numb] ( small figures are introduc$1 & a great ext5t ( c\ntry is %[n 9 ?is cut1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 defici5t 9 effect2 & ! little figures1 ?\gh drawn ) great _s1 want relief1 :i* causes _m ( !m to appe> z if !y 7 rid+ or walk+ 9 ! air4 ,! mo/ solid-l "p ( ! subject is ! sky2 !re is no gr\nd = mo/ ( ! figures to /& on2 & ^? :i* are 9 ! di/ance are ( ! same size z ^? :i* are app>5tly a mile or two ne>] ! spectator4 ,!re is no?+ rem>kable 9 ! execution1 & ! design adds no?+ to ,dur]'s reputation4 ,footnote ,v-#bi3 ,!re is a copy ( ?is head1 also engrav$ on wood1 ( ! size ( ! orig9al1 b )\t ,dur]'s1 or any o!r m>k4 ,und]nea? an impression ( ! copy1 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 !re is writt5 9 a h& :i* appe>s to be at lea/ z old z ! ye> #aeej1 8,dies] hat ,,hsbehaim g]iss50--8,h4 ,s4 ,behaim drew ?is40 ,hans ,sebald ,behaim1 a pa9t] & design] on wood1 0 born at ,nuremb]g 9 #aejj1 & 0 ! pupil ( 8 uncle1 also nam$ ,behaim1 a pa9t] & engrav] ( t city4 ,! y\ng] ,behaim ab&on$ ! arts to become a tav]n-keep] at ,frank=t1 :]e he di$ 9 #aeej4 ,! great patron ( wood engrav+ 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ! ,emp]or ,maximilian ,i1 :o1--besides orig9at+ ! ?ree works1 kn[n by ! titles ( ,sir ,!urdank1 ! ,wise ,k+1 & ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 :i* he caus$ to be illu/rat$ ) num]\s wood engrav+s1 *iefly f ! designs ( ,hans ,burgmair & ,hans ,s*auffle91--employ$ ,alb]t ,dur] to make ! designs = two o!r s]ies ( wood engrav+s1 a ,triumphal ,c> & a ,triumphal ,ar*4 ,! ,triumphal ,c>1 engrav$ by ,j]ome ,res* f ,dur]'s draw+s on wood1 is frequ5tly conf\nd$ ) ! l>g] "w call$ ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 mo/ ( ! designs ( :i* 7 made by ,hans ,burgmair4 ,x is inde$ g5]ally ass]t$ t all ! designs = ! latt] "w 7 made by ,hans ,burgmair2 b ,i ?9k ,i %all be able to %[1 9 a subsequ5t notice ( t "w1 t "s ( ! cuts conta9$ 9 ! edition publi%$ at ,vi5na & ,london 9 #agif 71 9 all probability1 design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,! ,triumphal ,c> consi/s ( eight sep>ate pieces1 :i*1 :5 jo9$ toge!r1 =m a cont9u\s subject sev5 feet f\r in*es long2 ! height ( ! highe/ cut--t conta9+ ! c>--is eighte5 in*es f ! base l9e to ! upp] "p ( ! canopy above ! ,emp]or's head4 ,! ,emp]or is se5 seat$ 9 a highly ornam5t$ c>1 att5d$ by female figures1 repres5t+ ,ju/ice1 ,tru?1 ,clem5cy1 & o!r virtues1 :o hold t[>ds him triumphal wrea?s4 ,"o ( ! two :eels :i* are se5 is inscrib$ 8,magnific5tia10 & ! o!r 8,dignitas20 ! driv] ( ! c> is ,reason1--8,ratio10--& "o ( ! re9s is m>k$ 8,nobilitas10 & ! o!r 8,pot5tia40 ,! c> is drawn by six pair ( horses spl5didly h>ness$1 & ea* horse is att5d$ by a female figure4 ,! names ( ! females at ! head ( ! fir/ pair f ! c> are 8,provid5tia0 & 8,mod]atio20 ( ! second1 8,alacritas0 & 8,opportunitas20 ( ! ?ird1 8,velocitas0 & 8,firmitudo20 ( ! f\r?1 8,acrimonia0 & 8,virilitas20 ( ! fif?1 8,audacia0 & 8,magnanimitas20 & ! att5dants on ! lead]s are 8,exp]i5tia0 & 8,sol]tia40 ,above ea* pair ( horses !re is a portion ( explanatory matt] pr9t$ 9 lett]-press2 & 9 t above ! lead+ pair is a m&ate f ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 dat$ ,inspruck1 #aeah1 address$ to ,bilibald ,pirkheim]1 :o appe>s to h sugge/$ ! subject2 & 9 ! same place is ! "n ( ! inv5tor & design]1 ,alb]t ,dur]4,v-#cj ,! fir/ edition ( ^? cuts appe>$ at ,nuremb]g 9 #aebb2 & 9 "s copies ! text is 9 ,g]man1 & 9 o!rs 9 ,lat94 ,a second edition1 ) ! text 9 ,lat9 only1 0 pr9t$ at ! same place 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,a ?ird edition1 f ! same blocks1 0 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aehh2 & a f\r? at ,am/]dam 9 #afji4 ,! execution ( ?is subject is n p>ticul>ly good1 b ! action ( ! horses is g5]ally well repres5t$1 & ! draw+ ( "s ( ! female figures att5d+ !m is extremely spirit$4 ,guido seems to h avail$ himself ( "s ( ! figures 9 ,dur]'s ,triumphal ,c> 9 8 celebrat$ fresco ( ! ,c> ( ,apollo1 prec$$ by ,aurora1 & accompani$ by ! ,h\rs4 ,footnote ,v-#cj3 ,9 ! edition ) ,lat9 inscriptions1 #aebc1 are ! words1 8,excogitatus et depictus e/ currus i/e ,nuremb]g1 impressus v]o p] ,alb]tum ,dur]4 ,anno ,,mdxxiii40 ,! ,lat9 words 8excogitatus et depictus0 are express$ by 8gefund5 und geordnet0 9 ! ,g]man inscriptions 9 ! edition ( #aebb4 ,a sket* by ,dur]1 = ! ,triumphal ,c>1 is pres]v$ 9 ! ,pr9t ,room 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x is said t ! same subject pa9t$ by ,dur] himself is /ill to be se5 on ! walls ( ! ,t[n-hall ( ,nuremb]g2 b h[ f> ?is is correct ,i am unable to positively say2 = ,i "k ( no acc\nt ( ! pa9t+ writt5 by a p]son :o appe>s to h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! subject engrav$ on wood4 ,dr4 ,dibd91 :o visit$ ! ,t[n-hall ( ,nuremb]g 9 #ahah1 speaks ( :at he saw !re 9 a mo/ vague & unsatisfactory mann]1 z if he did n "k ! ,triumphal ,c> design$ by ,dur] f ! l>g] "w entitl$ ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian4 ,! notice ( ! le>n$ bibliograph]1 :o pr(esses to be a great admir] ( ! works ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 is z foll[s3 8,! great boa/ ( ! collection 9 ! ,t[n-hall ( ,nuremb]g are ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian execut$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1--:i*1 h[ev]1 h by no means escap$ injury40,v-#ca ,x is f su* c>eless obs]vations z ! prec$+ t errone\s op9ions respect+ ! ,triumphal ,c> & ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian are cont9u$ & propagat$1 & t mo/ p]sons conf\nd ! two works2 :i* is inde$ n surpris+1 see+ t ,dr4 ,dibd9 himself1 :o is consid]$ to be an au?ority on su* matt]s1 has af=d$ pro( t he does n "k "o f ! o!r4 ,9 ! same volume t conta9s ! notice ( ! 8,triumphs ( ,maximilian0 9 ! ,t[n-hall ( ,nuremb]g1 ,dr4 ,dibd9 says t he saw ! 8,,orig9al ,,pa9t+s0 f :i* ! l>ge wood blocks 7 tak5 = ! well-kn[n "w entitl$ ! 8,triumphs ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian10 9 l>ge folio1 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na4,v-#cb ,su* obs]vations are v mu* 9 ! /yle ( ! c\ntryman's1 :o _h se5 two g5u9e skulls ( ,oliv] ,cromwell1--"o at ,ox=d1 & ano!r 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?\gh ,i h n be5 able to asc]ta9 satisfactorily ! subject ( ,dur]'s pa9t+ 9 ! ,t[n-hall ( ,nuremb]g1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t x is ! ,triumphal ,c> ( ,maximilian4 ,9 a memor&um 9 ! h&-writ+ ( ,nollek9s1 pres]v$ ) 8 copies ( ,dur]'s ,triumphal ,c> & ,triumphal ,ar* ( ,maximilian1 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 x is said1 ?\gh errone\sly1 t ! =m] is pa9t$ 9 ! ,t[n-hall ( ,augsburg ) ! figures z l>ge z life4 ,footnote ,v-#ca3 ,bibliographical ,t\r1 vol4 iii4 p4 #dch4 ,edit4 #ahbi4 ,footnote ,v-#cb3 ,ibid4 p4 #ccj4 ,! ,triumphal ,ar* ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 engrav$ on wood f ,dur]'s designs1 consi/s ( n9ety-two sep>ate pieces1 :i*1 :5 jo9$ toge!r1 =m "o l>ge composition ab\t t5 feet & a half high by n9e & a half wide1 exclusive ( ! m>g9s & five folio %eets ( explanatory matt] by ! projector ( ! design1 ,john ,/abius1 :o /yles himself ! hi/oriograph] & poet ( ! ,emp]or1 & :o says1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 description1 t ?is ar* 0 drawn 8aft] ! mann] ( ^? erect$ 9 hon\r ( ! ,roman emp]ors at ,rome1 "s ( :i* are de/roy$ & o!rs /ill to be se540 ,9 ! ar* ( ,maximilian are ?ree gates or entrances2 t 9 ! c5tre is nam$ ! ,gate ( ,hon\r & ,p[]2 t to ! left ! ,gate ( ,fame2 & t to ! "r ! ,gate ( ,nobility4,v-#cc ,above ! middle entrance is :at ,/abius calls ! 8gr& t[]10 surm\nt$ ) ! imp]ial cr[n1 & conta9+ an inscription 9 ,g]man to ! memory ( ,maximilian4 ,above & on ea* side ( ! gates or entrances1 :i* are ( v small dim5sions1 are portraits ( ! ,roman emp]ors f ! "t ( ,julius ,cs> to t ( ,maximilian himself2 !re are also portraits ( 8 ance/ors1 & ( k+s & pr9ces ) :om he 0 alli$ ei!r by fri5d%ip or m>riage2 %ields ( arms illu/rative ( 8 desc5t or ( ! ext5t ( 8 sov]eignty2 ) repres5tations ( 8 mo/ memorable actions1 among :i* 8 adv5tures 9 ! ,tyrolean ,alps1 :5 hunt+ ! *amois1 are n =gott54 ,und]nea? ea* subject illu/rative ( 8 own hi/ory are explanatory v]ses1 9 ! ,g]man language1 engrav$ on wood2 & ! names ( ! k+s & emp]ors1 z well z ! inscriptions explanatory ( o!r p>ts ( ! subject1 are also execut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! :ole subject is1 9 fact1 a k9d ( pictorial epitome ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,g]man empire2 repres5t+ ! succession ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 & ! m rem>kable ev5ts ( ,maximilian's own reign2 ) illu/rations ( 8 desc5t1 possessions1 & alliances4 ,footnote ,v-#cc3 ,! two la/ names are1 9 ! fir/ edition1 pa/$ ov] o!rs :i* appe> to h be5 8,! ,gate ( ,hon\r0 & 8,! ,gate ( ,relation%ip1 ,fri5d%ip1 & ,alliance40 ,! la/ "n alludes to ! emp]or's possessions z acquir$ by desc5t or m>riage1 & to 8 p[] z /r5g!n$ by 8 fri5dly alliances ) neighb\r+ /ates4 ,at ! "t ( ,maximilian's dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 #aeai1 ?is great "w 0 n f9i%$2 & x is said t ,dur] himself did n live to see x complet$1 z "o small block rema9$ to be engrav$ at ! p]iod ( 8 dea?1 9 #aebh4 ,at :atev] "t ! "w might be f9i%$1 x c]ta9ly 0 comm5c$ at lea/ f\r ye>s be=e ! ,emp]or's dea?1 = ! date #aeae occurs 9 two places at ! foot ( ! subject4 ,?\gh ,dur]'s m>k is n to be f\nd on any "o ( ! cuts1 !re c be little d\bt ( 8 hav+ furni%$ ! designs = ! :ole4 ,9 ! n9? volume ( ,von ,murr's ,j\rnal x is /at$ t ,dur] receiv$ a hundr$ guild]s a ye> f ! ,emp]or1--probably on acc\nt ( ?is l>ge "w2 & 9 ! same volume !re is a lett] ( ,dur]'s address$ to a fri5d1 reque/+ him to apply to ! emp]or on acc\nt ( arre>s due to him4 ,9 ?is lett] he says t he has made _m draw+s besides ! 8,tryumps0,v-#cd = ! emp]or2 & z he also ?rice m5tions ,/abius1 ! inv5tor ( ! ,triumphal ,ar*1 !re c be little d\bt b t ?is 0 ! "w to :i* he alludes4 ,footnote ,v-#cd3 8,item wi/ au* das ,i* ,k4 ,mt4 auss]halb des ,tryumps son/ viel man*]ley ,fisyrung gema*t hab40--8,y mu/ also "k t ,i h made _m o!r draw+s = ! emp]or besides ^? ( ! ,triumph40 ,! date ( ?is lett] is n giv51 b ,dur] in=ms 8 fri5d t he _h be5 already ?ree ye>s employ$ = ! emp]or1 & t if he _h n ex]t$ himself ! beautiful 8"w0 w\ld n h be5 s soon complet$4 ,if ?is is to be und]/ood ( ! ,triumphal ,ar*1 x w\ld seem t ! designs at lea/ 7 all f9i%$ be=e ! emp]or's dea?4--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #i;er ,!il1 ,s4 #d4 ,z a "w ( art ! be/ s+le subjects ( ! ,triumphal ,ar* w n be> a comp>ison ) ! be/ cuts 9 ,dur]'s ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 or ,*ri/'s ,passion2 & !re are sev]al 9 :i* no trace ( 8 effective /yle ( draw+ on wood is to be f\nd4 ,mo/ ( ! subjects illu/rative ( ! emp]or's battles & adv5tures are 9 p>ticul> meagre 9 po9t ( draw+1 & defici5t 9 effect4 ,! :ole composition inde$ appe>s l ! result ( cont9u$ application )\t mu* display ( tal5t4 ,! p[]s ( ,dur] _h be5 evid5tly con/ra9$ to "w out ! conceptions ( ! hi/oriograph] & poet1 ,/abius2 & z ! subjects 7 n ! sugge/ions ( ! arti/'s own feel+s1 x _c be a matt] ( surprise t we %\ld f9d 9 !m s few traces ( 8 g5ius4 ,! engrav+ ( ! cuts is cle>1 b n g5]ally effective2 & ! execution ( ! :ole1 bo? figures & lett]s1 w\ld occupy a s+le wood engrav] n less ?an f\r ye>s2 ev5 all[+ him to engrave m rapidly on pe>-tree ?an a mod]n wood engrav] does on box2 & suppos+ him to be a ma/] ( 8 pr(ession4 ,f 8 v>i$ tal5ts & ! excell5ce :i* he display$ 9 e bran* ( art t he attempt$1 ,alb]t ,dur] is entitl$ to rank ) ! mo/ extraord9>y m5 ( 8 age4 ,z a pa9t] he may be consid]$ z ! fa!r ( ! ,g]man s*ool2 :ile = 8 fidelity 9 copy+ nature & ! beauty ( 8 col\rs he may be> a comp>ison ) mo/ ( ! ,italian arti/s ( 8 own age4 ,z an engrav] on copp] he greatly excell$ all :o prec$$ him2 & x is highly que/ionable if any arti/ s9ce 8 "t1 except ,rembr&t1 has pa9t$ s _m good pictures & engrav$ s _m good copp]-plates4 ,b besides excell+ z an engrav] on copp] aft] ! mann] 9 :i* ! art _h be5 previ\sly practis$1 giv+ to 8 subjects a bread? ( light & a dep? ( %ade :i* is n to be f\nd 9 ! productions ( ! e>li] ma/]s1 he fur!r improv$ ! art by ! inv5tion ( et*+1,v-#ce :i* enables ! arti/ to "w ) great] fre$om & to give a v>iety & an effect to 8 subjects1 m especially l&scapes1 :i* are utt]ly unatta9able by means ( ! grav] alone4 ,footnote ,v-#ce3 ,9 ! process ( et*+ ! plate is fir/ cov]$ ) a res9\s composition--call$ et*+ gr\nd--on :i* ! l9es int5d$ to be et*$1 or bit into ! plate1 are drawn ?r\gh to ! surface ( ! metal by means ( a small po9t$ tool call$ an et*+ ne$le1 or an et*+ po9t4 ,:5 ! draw+ ( ! subject ^u ! et*+ gr\nd is f9i%$1 ! plate is surr\nd$ ) a slightly rais$ bord]1 or 8wall10 z x is te*nically t]m$1 =m$ ( ros91 bee's-wax1 & l>d2 &1 a corrosive liquid be+ p\r$ ^u ! plate1 ! l9es are 8bit0 into ! copp] or /eel4 ,:5 ! engrav] ?9ks t ! l9es are corrod$ to a suffici5t dep?1 he p\rs (f ! liquid1 cleans ! plate by means ( turp5t9e1 & proce$s to f9i% 8 "w ) ! grav] & dry-po9t4 ,accord+ to ! practice ( mod]n engrav]s1 :]e sev]al t9ts are requir$1 z is mo/ frequ5tly ! case1 ! process ( 8bit+-90 is repeat$2 ! corrosive liquid be+ aga9 p\r$ on ! plate to corrode deep] ! /rong] l9es1 :ile ! m delicate are 8/opp$ out10--t is1 cov]$ ) a k9d ( v>ni% t soon h>d5s1 to pres]ve !m f fur!r corrosion4 ,mo/ ( our be/ engrav]s n[ use a diamond po9t 9 et*+4 ,nitr\s acid is us$ = 8bit+-90 on copp] 9 ! proportion ( "o "p acid to f\r p>ts wat]1 & ! mixture is consid]$ to be bett] aft] x has be5 once or twice us$4 ,be=e us+ ! acid x is advisable to take ! /opp] out ( ! bottle = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 ord] to all[ a portion ( ! /r5g? to evaporate4 ,dur+ ! process ( bit+-9 a l>ge copp]-plate ! fumes :i* arise are s p[]ful z frequ5tly to cause an unpleasant /ricture 9 ! ?roat1 & sometimes to br+ on a spitt+ ( blood :5 !y h be5 incauti\sly inhal$ by ! engrav]4 ,at su* times x is usual = ! engrav] to h ne> him "s p[]ful ess5ce1 g5]ally h>t%orn1 9 ord] to c\nt]act ! effects ( ! noxi\s vap\r4 ,= bit+-9 on /eel1 nitric acid is us$ 9 ! proportion ( ?irty drops to half a p9t ( di/ill$ wat]2 & ! mixture is nev] us$ = m ?an "o plate4--,:5 a copp]-plate is suffici5tly bit-91 x is only necess>y to wa% x ) a little wat] previ\s to remov+ ! et*+ gr\nd ) turp5t9e2 b1 besides ?is1 ) a /eel plate x is fur!r necess>y to set x on "o ( its edges aga9/ a wall or o!r support1 & to bl[ x ) a pair ( small bell[s till e p>ticle ( moi/ure 9 ! l9es is p]fectly evaporat$4 ,! plate is !n rubb$ ) oil1 o!rwise ! l9es w\ld ru/ f ! action ( ! atmosph]e & ! plate be consequ5tly spoil$4 ,previ\s to a /eel plate be+ laid aside = any l5g? ( "t x ought to be w>m$1 & ! engrav$ surface rubb$ c>efully ov] ) virg9 wax s t x may be completely cov]$1 & e l9e fill$4 ,a piece ( ?ick pap] ! size ( ! plate1 laid ov] ! wax :ile x is yet adhesive1 w prove an additional safegu>d4 ,= ?is in=mation respect+ ! process ( bit+-91 ! writ] is indebt$ to an em95t engrav]1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,wilmore4 ,!re are two subjects by ,alb]t ,dur]1 dat$ #aeab1 :i* ,b>ts* ?9ks 7 et*$ ^u plates ( iron1 b :i* ,mr4 ,ottley consid]s to h be5 execut$ ^u plates ( a s(t] metal ?an copp]1 ) ! dry-po9t4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two und\bt$ et*+s by ,dur] ) ! date #aeae2 two o!rs execut$ 9 ! same mann] are dat$ #aeaf2 & a fif?1 a l&scape ) a l>ge cannon 9 ! =e-gr\nd to ! left1 is dat$ #aeah4 ,!re is ano!r und\bt$ et*+ by ,dur]1 repres5t+ nak$ figures 9 a ba?2 b x conta9s nei!r 8 m>k nor a date4 ,! ?ree pieces :i* ,mr4 ,ottley ?9ks 7 n et*$1 b execut$ on "s s(t k9d ( metal ) ! dry-po9t1 are3 #a4 ,! figure ( ,*ri/1 se5 9 front1 /&+1 clo!d ) a mantle1 hav+ 8 h&s ti$ toge!r1 & on 8 head a cr[n ( ?orns2 date #aeab4 #b4 ,/4 ,j]ome seat$ among/ rocks1 pray+ to a crucifix1 ) a book op5 be=e him1 & a lion bel[ to ! left2 date #aeab4 #c4 ,! ,virg91 seat$ ) ! infant ,*ri/ 9 h] lap1 & se5 9 front1 ) ,/4 ,joseph beh9d h] on ! left1 & on ! "r ?ree o!r figures2 )\t m>k or date4--,"o ( ! m common ( ,dur]'s und\bt$ et*+s is t ( a man m\nt$ on a unicorn1 & c>ry+ (f a nak$ woman1 ) ! date #aeaf4 ,alb]t ,dur] n only excell$ z a pa9t]1 an engrav] on copp]1 & a design] on wood1 b he also execut$ sev]al pieces ( sculpture ) surpris+ delicacy & natural expression ( "*4 ,an admirable specim5 ( 8 skill 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( art is pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 to :i* in/itution x 0 bequea!d by ! late ,r4 ,payne ,knight1 ,esq41 by :om x 0 pur*as$ at ,brussels = five hundr$ gu9eas upw>ds ( =ty ye>s ago4 ,?is mo/ exquisite piece ( sculpture is ( small dim5sions1 be+ only sev5 & ?ree qu>t] in*es high1 by five & a half wide4 ,x is execut$ 9 hone-/one1 ( a cream col\r1 & is all ( "o piece1 ) ! exception ( a dog & "o or two books 9 front4 ,! subject is ! nam+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/4,v-#cf ,9 front1 to ! "r1 is an old man ) a tablet inscrib$ ) ,hebrew *>act]s2 ano!r old man is se5 imm$iately beh9d him1 fur!r to ! "r2 & a y\ng] man1--said to be int5d$ by ! arti/ = a portrait ( himself1--appe>s ent]+ ! door ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,an old woman ) ! *ild 9 h] arms is seat$ ne> ! figure ) ! tablet2 ,/4 ,elizabe? is p]ceiv$ ly+ 9 b$1 on ! m di/ant side ( :i* a female att5dant is /&+1 & on ! o!r1 ne>] to ! spectator1 an eld]ly man is se5 kneel+4 ,x is suppos$ t ! latt] figure is int5d$ = ,za*>ias1 & t ! arti/ _h repres5t$ him 9 ! act ( mak+ signs to ,elizabe? ) 8 h&s4 ,! figures 9 ! =e-gr\nd are execut$ 9 high relief1 & ! "* & expression ( ! heads h p]haps nev] be5 surpass$ 9 any "w ( sculpture execut$ on ! same scale4 ,dur]'s m>k is p]ceiv$ on a tablet at ! foot ( ! b$1 ) ! date #aeaj4 ,?is curi\s specim5 ( ,dur]'s tal5ts z a sculptor is c>efully pres]v$ 9 a frame ) a glass be=e x1 & is 9 mo/ p]fect condition1 ) ! exception ( ! h&s ( ,za*>ias & ( ,elizabe?1 "s ( ! f+]s ( :i* are brok5 (f4 ,footnote ,v-#cf3 ,! acc\nt ( ! nam+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/ w be f\nd 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1 *ap4 i4 v]se #ei-fd4 ,%ortly aft] ,:itsuntide1 #aebj1 ,dur] set out f ,nuremb]g1 accompani$ by 8 wife & h] s]vant ,susanna1 on a visit to ! ,ne!rl&s2 & z he took ) him sev]al copies ( 8 pr9cipal works1 engrav+s on copp] z well z on wood1 & pa9t$ & drew a numb] ( portraits dur+ 8 resid5ce !re1 ! j\rney appe>s to h be5 tak5 z mu* ) a view to bus9ess z pleasure4 ,he kept a j\rnal f ! "t ( 8 leav+ ,nuremb]g till ! p]iod ( 8 rea*+ ,cologne on 8 return1 & f ?is curi\s record ( ! arti/'s travels ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ( 8 visit to ! ,ne!rl&s h be5 obta9$4,v-#cg ,footnote ,v-#cg3 ,dur]'s ,j\rnal ( 8 ,travels is giv5 by ,von ,murr1 #g;er ,!il1 ,s4 #ee-ih4 ,! title :i* ! ,editor has prefix$ to x is1 8,reisej\rnal ,albre*t ,dr]'s von se9] ,ni$]lndis*5 ,reise1 #aebj und #aeba4 ,e4 ,biblio!ca ,ebn]iana40 ,9 ! same volume1 ,von ,murr gives "s specim5s ( ,dur]'s poetry4 ,! fir/ c\plet :i* he made 9 #aeji is z foll[s3 8,du all] ,engel ,spiegel und ,erls] d] ,welt1 ,de9e grosse ,m>t] sey fr me9 ,snd e9 ,wid]gelt40 ,?\ mirror ( all ,angels & ,r$eem] ( mank9d1 ,?r\gh ?y m>tyrdom1 = all my s9s may ,i a ransom f9d4 ,?is c\plet be+ ridicul$ by ,bilibald ,pirkheim]1 :o said t rhym+ v]ses ought n to consi/ ( m ?an eight syllables1 ,dur] wrote sev]al o!rs 9 a %ort] measure1 b ) no bett] success2 = he says at ! conclusion1 t !y did n please ! le>n$ c\nsellor4 ,) ,dur]'s rhymes !re is an epi/le 9 v]se f 8 fri5d ,laz>us ,spr5gel1 writt5 to dissuade him f attempt+ to become a poet4 ,dur]'s v]ses want 8! "r butt]-woman's trot to m>ket10 & are sadly defici5t 9 rhy?m :5 comp>$ ) ! m regul> cl9k ( 8 fri5d's4 ,dur] proce$$ f ,nuremb]g direct to ,bamb]g1 :]e he pres5t$ to ! bi%op a pa9t+ ( ! ,virg91 ) a copy ( ! ,apocalypse & ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 engrav$ on wood4 ,! bi%op invit$ ,dur] to 8 table1 & gave him a lett] exempt+ 8 goods f toll1 ) ?ree o!rs :i* 71 mo/ likely1 lett]s ( recomm5dation to p]sons ( influ5ce 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4,v-#ch ,f ,bamb]g1 ,dur] proce$$ by way ( ,eltman1 ,swe9fur?1 & ,frank=t to ,m5tz1 & f ! latt] city d[n ! ,rh9e to ,cologne4 ,9 ?is "p ( 8 j\rney he seems to h met ) little :i* he deem$ wor?y ( rem>k3 at ,swe9fur? ,dr4 ,reb>t made him a pres5t ( "s w9e2 at ,m5tz1 ,pet] ,goldsmi?'s l&lady pres5t$ him ) two flasks ( ! same liquor2 & :5 ,veit ,v>nbul] invit$ him to d9n] !re1 ! tav]n-keep] w\ld n receive any paym5t1 b insi/$ on be+ ,dur]'s ho/ himself4 ,at ,lohn/e91 on ! ,rh9e1 betwe5 ,bopp>t & ,cobl5tz1 ! toll-collector1 :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,dur]'s wife1 pres5t$ him ) a c ( w9e1 & express$ himself extremely glad to see him4 ,footnote ,v-#ch3 ,subsequ5tly1 ,dur] m5tions hav+ deliv]$ to ! ,m>grave ,john1 at ,brussels1 a lett] ( recomm5dation ,frd]brief f ! ,bi%op ( ,bamb]g4 ,f ,cologne1 ,dur] proce$$ direct to ,antw]p1 :]e he took up 8 abode 9 ! h\se ( 8,job/ ,planckfelt20 & on ! ev5+ ( 8 arrival,v-#ci he 0 invit$ to a spl5did supp] by ,b]n>d ,/e*]1 an ag5t ( ! ,fugg]s1 ! celebrat$ family ( m]*ants ( ,nuremb]g1 & ! mo/ weal?y 9 ,g]many4 ,on ,/4 ,oswald's day1 ,sunday1 #e? ,augu/1 ! ,pa9t]s' ,company ( ,antw]p invit$ ,dur]1 ) 8 wife & h] maid1,v-#dj to a gr& ent]ta9m5t 9 _! hall1 :i* 0 ornam5t$ 9 a spl5did mann]1 & all ! vessels on ! table 7 ( silv]4 ,! wives ( ! pa9t]s 7 also pres5t2 & :5 ,dur] 0 conduct$ to 8 seat at ! table 8all ! company /ood up on ea* side1 z if "s great "l _h be5 mak+ 8 entrance40 ,sev]al hon\rable p]sons1 :o _h also be5 invit$1 b[$ to him2 & all express$ _! respect & _! wi%es to af=d him pleasure4 ,:ile he 0 at table ! mess5g] ( ! magi/rates ( ,antw]p made 8 appe>ance1 & pres5t$ him 9 _! "n ) f\r flaggons ( w9e1 say+1 t ! magi/rates ?us te/ifi$ _! respect & _! good-w t[>ds him4 ,dur]1 z 9 duty b\nd1 return$ ?anks1 & t5d]$ to ! magi/]ial body 8 humble s]vice4 ,aft] ?is little affair 0 despat*$1 ent]$ ,pet] ! city c>p5t] 9 propria p]sona1 & pres5t$ ,dur] ) two m flaggons ( w9e1 & complim5t$ him ) ! (f] ( 8 s]vices4 ,aft] ! p>ty _h enjoy$ !mselves *e]fully till late 9 ! night1 !y att5d$ ,dur] to 8 lodg+s ) tor*es 9 a mo/ hon\rable mann]1 express+ _! good-w t[>ds him1 & _! read9ess to assi/ him 9 :atev] mann] he might *oose4--,%ortly aft] ?is gr& ,fell[%ip-fea/1 ,dur] 0 ent]ta9$ by ,qu9t9 ,matsys1--frequ5tly call$ ! ,blacksmi? ( ,antw]p1--^: celebrat$ picture ( ! ,mis]s is n[ 9 ! ,royal ,collection at ,w9dsor4 ,footnote ,v-#ci3 ,z ,dur] 0 at ,cologne ab\t ! #bf? ,july1 x is probable t he w\ld arrive at ,antw]p ab\t ! la/ day ( t mon?4 ,footnote ,v-#dj3 ,! maid1 ,susanna1 seems to h be5 r a 8humble fri5d0 ?an a m5ial s]vant2 = %e is m5tion$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! ,j\rnal z be+ ent]ta9$ ) ,dur]'s wife at ! h\se ( 8,tomas9 ,florianus10 :om ,dur] describes z 8,romanus1 von ,luca brtig40 ,on ! ,sunday aft] ! ,assumption1,v-#da ,dur] witness$ a gr& procession 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg91 & ! acc\nt :i* he has giv5 ( x pres5ts s curi\s a picture ( ! old religi\s pageantries t x appe>s wor?y ( be+ translat$ )\t abridgem5t4 8,on ! ,sunday aft] ! ,assumption ( our ,lady10 says ! arti/1 8,i saw ! gr& procession f our ,lady's *ur* at ,antw]p1 :]e all ! inhabitants ( ! city assembl$1 g5try z well z trades-p1 ea*1 accord+ to 8 rank1 gayly dress$4 ,e class & fell[%ip 0 di/+ui%$ by its prop] badge2 & l>ge & valuable crosses 7 borne be=e sev]al ( ! crafts4 ,!re 7 also silv] trumpets ( ! old ,franki% fa%ion2 ) ,g]man drums & fifes play+ l\dly4 ,i also saw 9 ! /reet1 m>*+ aft] ea* o!r 9 rank1 at a c]ta9 di/ance1 ! ,goldsmi?s1 ! ,pa9t]s1 ! ,masons1 ! ,embroid]]s1 ! ,/atu>ies1 ! ,cab9et-mak]s1 ! ,c>p5t]s1 ! ,sailors1 ! ,fi%]m51 ! ,but*]s1 ! ,curri]s1 ! ,weav]s1 ! ,bak]s1 ! ,tailors1 ! ,%oemak]s1 & all k9ds ( craftsm5 ) lab\r]s engag$ 9 produc+ ! necess>ies ( life4 ,9 ! same mann] came ! ,%opkeep]s & ,m]*ants ) _! assi/ants4 ,aft] ^! came ! ,%oot]s1 ) firelocks1 b[s1 & cross-b[s1 "s on horseback & "s on foot2 & aft] !m came ! ,city ,gu>d4 ,^! 7 foll[$ by p]sons ( ! high] classes & ! magi/rates1 all dress$ 9 _! prop] habits2 & aft] !m came a gallant troop array$ 9 a noble & spl5did mann]4 ,9 ?is procession 7 a numb] ( females ( a religi\s ord] :o subsi/ by means ( _! lab\r1 all clo!d 9 :ite f head to foot1 & =m+ a v pleas+ sight4 ,aft] !m came a numb] ( gallant p]sons & ! canons ( our ,lady's *ur*1 ) all ! cl]gy & s*ol>s1 foll[$ by a gr& display ( *>act]s4 ,tw5ty m5 c>ri$ ! ,virg9 & ,*ri/1 mo/ ri*ly adorn$1 to ! hon\r ( ,god4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! procession 7 a numb] ( delightful ?+s1 repres5t$ 9 a spl5did mann]4 ,!re 7 sev]al waggons 9 :i* 7 repres5tations ( %ips & =tifications4 ,!n came a troop ( *>act]s f ! ,prophets 9 regul> ord]1 foll[$ by o!rs f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 su* z ! ,annunciation1 ! ,wise ,m5 ( ! ,ea/1 rid+ on great camels & o!r wond]ful animals1 & ! ,flight into ,egypt1 all v skilfully appo9t$4 ,!n came a great dragon1 & ,/4 ,m>g>et1 ) ! image ( ! ,virg9 at h] girdle1 exce$+ly beautiful2 & la/ ,/4 ,george & 8 squire4 ,9 ?is troop rode a numb] ( boys & girls v h&somely array$ 9 v>i\s co/umes1 repres5t+ s _m sa9ts4 ,?is procession1 f beg9n+ to end1 0 upw>ds ( two h\rs 9 pass+ our h\se2 & !re 7 s _m ?+s to be se51 t ,i c\ld nev] describe !m all ev5 9 a book40,v-#db ,footnote ,v-#da3 ,! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 is celebrat$ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* on ! #ae? ,augu/4 ,footnote ,v-#db3 ,albre*t ,dr]'s ,reisej\rnal1 9 ,von ,murr1 #g;er ,!il1 ,s4 #fc-fe4 ,?\gh ,dur] *iefly resid$ at ,antw]p dur+ 8 /ay 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 he did n entirely conf9e himself to t city1 b occasionally visit$ o!r places4 ,on ! #bnd ( ,septemb] #aebj1 he left ,antw]p = ,brussels1 proce$+ by way ( ,mal9es & ,vilvorde4 ,:5 at ,brussels1 he saw a numb] ( valuable curiosities :i* _h be5 s5t to ! ,emp]or f ,mexico1 among :i* he enum]ates a gold5 sun1 a fa?om broad1 & a silv] moon ( ! same size1 ) weapons1 arm\r1 & dresses1 & v>i\s o!r admirable ?+s ( great beauty & co/4 ,he says t _! value 0 e/imat$ at a hundr$ ?\s& guild]s2 & t he nev] saw any ?+ t pleas$ him s mu* 9 8 life4 ,dur] 0 evid5tly fond ( see+ sights2 he speaks ) delight ( ! f\nta9s1 ! labyr9?s1 & ! p>ks 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,royal ,palace1 :i* he says 7 l ,p>adise2 & among ! wond]s :i* he saw at ,brussels1 he notices a l>ge fi%-bone :i* 0 almo/ a fa?om 9 circumf]5ce & weigh$ fifte5 8c5tn]20,v-#dc a great b$ t w\ld hold fifty m52 & a /one :i* fell f ! sky 9 a ?und]-/orm 9 pres5ce ( ! ,c\nt ( ,nassau4 ,he also m5tions hav+ se5 at ,antw]p ! bones ( a giant :o _h be5 eighte5 feet high4 ,dur] & 8 wife seem to h _h a ta/e = zoology3 ,h]r ,laz>us ,von ,rav5spurg complim5t$ him ) a monkey2 & 8,signor ,rod]igo10 a ,portuguese1 pres5t$ 8 ill-temp]$ sp\se ) a gre5 p>rot4 ,footnote ,v-#dc3 ,?is 8gross ,fis*pe90 0 probably "p ( ! back-bone ( a :ale4 ,:5 at ,brussels1 ,dur] pa9t$ ! portrait ( ! celebrat$ ,erasmus1 f :om1 previ\s to leav+ ,antw]p1 he _h receiv$ z a pres5t a ,spani% mantle & ?ree portraits4 ,he rema9$ ab\t a week at ,brussels1 dur+ :i* "t he drew or pa9t$ sev5 portraits2 & 9 8 ,j\rnal he makes ! foll[+ memor&um3 8,item1 six p]sons ^: lik5esses ,i h tak5 at ,brussels1 h n giv5 me any?+40 ,among ^? portraits 0 t ( ,b]n>d ,van ,orley1 an em95t ,flemi% pa9t] :o _h /udi$ "u ,raffaele1 & :o at t "t held ! (fice ( pa9t] to ! ,ar*du*ess ,m>g>et1 reg5t ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 & aunt ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 ,:5 at ,brussels1 ,dur] b\ght = a /iv],v-#dd two copies ( ! 8,eul5spiegel10 a celebrat$ engrav+ by ,lucas ,van ,leyd51 n[ ( v great r>ity4 ,footnote ,v-#dd3 ,! /iv] 0 ! tw5ty-f\r? "p ( a guild] or flor9 ( gold1 :i* 0 equal to ab\t n9e %ill+s ,engli% money ( ! pres5t "t2 ! /iv] w\ld !re=e be equal to ab\t f\r p5ce half-p5ny4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,dur] sold a copy ( 8 ,*ri/'s ,passion1 probably ! l>ge "o1 = twelve /iv]s1 & an impression ( 8 copp]-plate ( ,adam & ,eve = f\r /iv]s4 ,%ortly aft] 8 fir/ arrival at ,antw]p1 he sold sixte5 copies ( ! ,little ,passion = f\r guild]s or flor9s2 & ?irty-two copies ( 8 l>g] works1--probably ! ,apocalypse1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & ! ,great ,passion1--= eight flor9s1 be+ at ! rate ( sixte5 /iv]s = ea* copy4 ,he also sold six copies ( ! ,passion engrav$ on copp] at ! same price4 ,he gave to 8 ho/ a pa9t+ ( ! ,virg9 on canvass to sell = two ,rh5i% flor9s4 ,! sum t he receiv$ = ea* portrait 9 p5cil ! ,g]man is mit ,kohl51 :i* is lit]ally *>coal1 :5 ! p>ties did pay1 appe>s to h be5 a flor94 ,aft] rema9+ at ,antw]p till ! latt] end ( ,septemb]1 ,dur] proce$$ to ,aix-la-,*apelle1 :]e1 on ! #bcrd ( ,octob]1 he witness$ ! coronation ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 ,he aft]w>ds proce$$ to ,cologne1 :]e1 on ! ,sunday aft] ,all ,sa9ts' day1 he saw a gr& banquet & dance giv5 by ! emp]or1 f :om1 on ! ,monday aft] ,m>t9mas day1 he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( c\rt-pa9t] to 8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 ,:5 at ,cologne1 ,dur] b\ght a copy ( ! 8,condemnation ( t good man1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 = a :ite-p5ny40 ,?is ,condemnation 0 probably a copy ( ! bull ( excommunication issu$ aga9/ ,lu!r by ,pope ,leo ,x4 on #bj? ,june #aebj4 ,9 a day or two aft] receiv+ 8 appo9tm5t1 ,dur] left ,cologne & proce$$ d[n ! ,rh9e1 & visit$ ,nimegu54 ,he !n w5t to ,bois-le-duc1 :]e he 0 ent]ta9$ by ,arnold de ,be]1 a pa9t] ( consid]able reputation 9 8 day1 & treat$ ) great respect by ! goldsmi?s ( ! place4 ,on ! ,?ursday aft] ! ,pres5tation ( ! ,virg91,v-#de--ba/ ,novemb]1--,dur] aga9 arriv$ at ,antw]p4 8,9 ! sev5 weeks & upw>ds t ,i 0 abs5t10 he writes 9 8 ,j\rnal1 8my wife & h] maid sp5t sev5 gold cr[ns4 ,! fir/ _h h] pocket cut (f 9 ,/4 ,m>y's *ur* on ,/4 ,m>y's day2 !re 7 two guild]s 9 x40 ,footnote ,v-#de3 ,9 ,von ,murr ! words are 8,am ,donn]/age na* ,m>i5 ,himmelfahrt10--,on ! ,?ursday aft] ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg94 ,b ?is is evid5tly incorrect1 ! fea/ ( ! ,assumption be+ kept on #ae? ,augu/4 ,! 8,m>i5 ,opf]ung0--! ,pres5tation ( ! ,virg9--:i* is commemorat$ on #ba/ ,novemb]1 is evid5tly meant4 ,on ! #crd ( ,decemb]1 ,dur] left ,antw]p on a %ort j\rney ?r\gh ,zeal&1 proce$+ by way ( ,b]g5-op-,zoom4 ,9 ! ,abbey at ,middleburg he saw ! great picture ( ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross by ,mabeuse2 ( :i* he rem>ks t 8x is bett] pa9t$ ?an drawn40 ,:5 he 0 ab\t to l& at ,armuyd51 a small t[n on ! isl& ( ,wal*]51 ! rope broke1 & a viol5t w9d aris+1 ! boat :i* he 0 9 0 driv5 out to sea4 ,"s p]sons1 h[ev]1 at l5g? came to _! assi/ance1 & br\ght all ! pass5g]s safely a%ore4 ,on ! ,friday aft] ,/4 ,lucia's day he aga9 return$ to ,antw]p1 aft] hav+ be5 abs5t ab\t twelve days4 ,on ,%rove ,tuesday1 #aeba1 ! company ( goldsmi?s invit$ ,dur] & 8 wife to a d9n]1 at :i* he 0 treat$ ) great hon\r2 & z ?is 0 an e>ly meal1 he 0 enabl$ at night to att5d a gr& banquet to :i* he 0 invit$ by "o ( ! *ief magi/rates ( ,antw]p4 ,on ! ,monday aft] 8 ent]ta9m5t by ! goldsmi?s he 0 invit$ to ano!r gr& banquet :i* la/$ two h\rs1 & :]e he won1 at "s k9d ( game1 two guild]s ( ,b]n>d ( ,ca/ile4 ,bo? at ?is & at ! magi/rates' banquet !re 0 masqu]ad+4 ,at ano!r ent]ta9m5t giv5 by ,ma/] ,pet] ! ,secret>y1 ,dur] & ,erasmus 7 pres5t4 ,he 0 n idle at ?is p]iod ( fe/ivity1 b drew sev]al portraits 9 p5cil4 ,he also made a draw+ = 8,tomas910 & a pa9t+ ( ,/4 ,j]ome = ,rod]igo ( ,portugal1 :o appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! mo/ lib]al ( all ,dur]'s ,antw]p fri5ds4 ,besides ! little gre5 p>rot :i* he gave 8 wife1 he also pres5t$ ,dur] ) "o = himself2 he also gave him a small cask ( comfits1 ) v>i\s o!r sweetmeats1 & specim5s ( ! sug>-cane4 ,he also made him a pres5t ( cocoa-nuts & ( sev]al o!r ?+s2 & %ortly be=e ! pa9t+ 0 f9i%$1 ,signor ,rod]igo gave him two l>ge pieces ( ,portuguese gold co91 ea* ( :i* 0 wor? t5 ducats4 ,on ! ,saturday aft] ,ea/]1 ,dur] visit$ ,bruges1 :]e he saw 9 ,/4 ,james's *ur* "s beautiful pa9t+s by ,hub]t ,van ,eyck & ,hugo ,v&] ,goes2 & 9 ! ,pa9t]s' *apel1 & 9 o!r *ur*es1 he saw sev]al by ,john ,van ,eyck2 he also m5tions hav+ se51 9 ,/4 ,m>y's *ur*1 an image ( ! ,virg9 9 alaba/] by ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! guild ( pa9t]s invit$ him to a gr& banquet 9 _! hall4 ,two ( ! magi/rates1 ,jacob & ,pet] ,mo/a]t1 pres5t$ him ) twelve flaggons ( w9e2 & on ! conclusion ( ! ent]ta9m5t1 all ! company1 am\nt+ to sixty p]sons1 accompani$ him ) tor*es to 8 lodg+s4 ,he next visit$ ,gh5t1 :]e ! company ( pa9t]s also treat$ him ) great respect4 ,he !re saw1 9 ,/4 ,john's *ur*1 ! celebrat$ picture ( ! ,eld]s wor%ipp+ ! ,lamb1 f ! ,revelations1 pa9t$ by ,john ,van ,eyck = ,philip ! ,good1 ,duke ( ,burgundy4 ,dur] ?us expresses 8 op9ion ( x3 8,?is is a well conceiv$ & capital picture2 ! figures ( ,eve1 ! ,virg91 & ,god ! ,fa!r1 are1 9 p>ticul>1 extremely good40 ,aft] be+ ab\t a week abs5t1 he aga9 return$ to ,antw]p1 :]e he 0 %ortly aft] seiz$ ) an int]mitt+ fev]1 :i* 0 accompani$ ) a viol5t head-a*e & great s5se ( we>9ess4 ,?is illness1 h[ev]1 does n seem to h la/$ v long2 8 fev] comm5c$ 9 ! ?ird week aft] ,ea/]1 & on ,rogation ,sunday he att5d$ ! m>riage fea/ ( 8,mei/] ,joa*im10--probably ,joa*im ,pat5i]1 a l&scape pa9t] :om ,dur] m5tions 9 an e>li] "p ( 8 ,j\rnal4 ,dur] 0 a man ( /rong religi\s feel+s2 & :5 ,lu!r began to prea* 9 opposition to ! *ur* ( ,rome1 he w>mly esp\s$ 8 cause4 ,! foll[+ passages f 8 ,j\rnal suffici5tly demon/rate ! int]e/ :i* he felt 9 ! success ( ! great *ampion ( ! ,re=mation4 ,lu!r on 8 return f ,worms1 :]e he _h att5d$ ! ,diet "u a safe-conduct grant$ by ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 0 waylaid1 on #d? ,may #aeba1 by a p>ty ( arm$ m51 :o caus$ him to desc5d f ! light waggon 9 :i* he 0 travell+1 & to foll[ !m into an adjac5t wood4 ,8 bro!r ,james1 :o 0 9 ! waggon ) him1 made 8 escape on ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! horsem54 ,lu!r hav+ be5 secur$1 ! driv] & o!rs :o 7 9 ! waggon 7 all[$ to pursue _! j\rney )\t fur!r h9drance4 ,?is secret appreh5sion ( ,lu!r 01 9 reality1 contriv$ by 8 fri5d & support]1 ,fr$]ick1 ,elector ( ,saxony1,v-#df 9 ord] to )draw him = a "t f ! appreh5d$ viol5ce ( 8 enemies1 ^: hatr$ t[>ds him _h be5 m ?an ev] inflam$ by ! bold & undisguis$ /atem5t ( 8 op9ions at ,worms4 ,lu!r's fri5ds1 be+ totally ignorant ( ! elector's design1 g5]ally suppos$ t ! safe-conduct _h be5 disreg>d$ by ^? ^: duty x 0 to respect x1 & t he _h be5 betray$ & deliv]$ into ! h&s ( 8 enemies4 ,dur]1 on he>+ ( ,lu!r's appreh5sion1 writes 9 8 ,j\rnal z foll[s4 ,footnote ,v-#df3 ,lu!r's safe-conduct f ,worms to ,witt5b]g 0 limit$ to tw5ty-"o days1 at ! expiration ( :i* he 0 decl>$ to be "u ! ban ( ! empire1 or1 9 o!r words1 an outlaw1 to :om no pr9ce or free city ( ,g]many 0 to af=d a refuge4 ,lu!r1 previ\s to leav+ ,worms1 0 in=m$ ( ! elector's int5tion ( secretly appreh5d+ him on ! road & convey+ him to a place ( safety4 ,aft] gett+ into ! wood1 ,lu!r 0 m\nt$ on horseback1 & convey$ to ,w>tburg1 a ca/le belong+ to ! elector1 :]e he cont9u$ to live disguis$ z a knight--,junk] ,jrge--till ,m>* #aebb4 ,lu!r 0 accu/om$ to call ! ca/le ( ,w>tburg 8 ,patmos4 8,on ! ,friday aft] ,:itsuntide1 #aeba1 ,i he>d a report at ,antw]p1 t ,m>t9 ,lu!r _h be5 trea*]\sly seiz$2 = ! h]ald ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les1 :o att5d$ him ) a safe-conduct1 & to ^: protection he 0 committ$1 on arriv+ at a lonely place ne> ,eis5a*1 said he dur/ proce$ no fur!r1 & rode away4 ,imm$iately t5 horsem5 made _! appe>ance1 & c>ri$ (f ! godly man ?us betray$ into _! h&s4 ,he 0 inde$ a man enlight5$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 & a foll[] ( ! true ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,:e!r he be yet liv+1 or :e!r 8 enemies h put him to dea?1 ,i "k n2 yet c]ta9ly :at he has suff]$ has be5 = ! sake ( tru?1 & because he has repreh5d$ ! abuses ( un*ri/ian papacy1 :i* /rives to fett] ,*ri/ian lib]ty ) ! incumbrance ( human ord9ances1 t we may be robb$ ( ! price ( our blood & sweat1 & %amefully plund]$ by idl]s1 :ile ! sick & ne$y p]i% ?r\gh hung]4 ,above all1 x is especially di/ress+ to me to ?9k t ,god may yet all[ u to rema9 "u ! bl9d doctr9e :i* ^? m5 call$ #8! fa!rs' h imag9$ & set =?1 :]eby ! preci\s ^w is ei!r 9 _m places falsely exp\nd$ or n at all obs]v$40,v-#dg ,footnote ,v-#dg3 ,dur]1 ?\gh an advocate ( ,lu!r1 does n seem to h )drawn himself f ! communion ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,9 8 ,j\rnal1 9 #aeba1 he ent]s a sum ( t5 /iv]s giv5 to 8 confessor1 &1 subsequ5tly1 eight /iv]s giv5 to a monk :o visit$ 8 wife :5 %e 0 sick4 ,! passage 9 :i* ! la/ item occurs is curi\s1 & seems to prove t female practition]s 7 !n accu/om$ bo? to disp5se & adm9i/] m$ical prep>ations at ,antw]p4 8,me9e ,frau w>d krank1--d] ,apo!k]9n fr ,kly/ir5 gegeb5 #ad ,/b]2 dem ,mn*1 d] sie besu*te1 #h ,/b]40--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #g;er ,!il1 ,s4 #ic4 ,aft] indulg+ 9 sundry pi\s invocations & reflections to ! ext5t ( two or ?ree pages1 ,dur] ?us proce$s to lam5t ! suppos$ dea? ( ,lu!r1 & to invoke ,erasmus to put 8 h& to ! "w f :i* he believ$ t ,lu!r _h be5 remov$4 8,& is ,lu!r dead8 ,:o h5ce=? w s cle>ly expla9 to u ! ,gospel8 ,alas6 :at might he n h writt5 = u 9 t5 or tw5ty ye>s8 ,aid me1 all pi\s ,*ri/ians1 to bewail ?is man ( heav5ly m9d1 & to pray t ,god may s5d u ano!r z div9ely enlight5$4 ,:]e1 ,o ,erasmus1 wilt ?\ rema98 ,behold1 n[1 h[ ! tyranny ( might & ! p[] ( d>kness prevail4 ,he>1 ?\ *ampion ( ,*ri/6 ,ride =w>d1 def5d ! tru?1 & des]ve ! m>tyr's cr[n1 = ?\ art already an old man4,v-#dh ,i h he>d f ?y own m\? t ?\ ha/ allott$ to ?yself two ye>s yet ( lab\r 9 :i* ?\ might/ /ill be able to produce some?+ good2 employ ^! well = ! b5efit ( ! ,gospel & ! true ,*ri/ian fai?3 let !n ?y voice be he>d1 & s %all n ! see ( ,rome1 ! gates ( ,hell1 z ,*ri/ sai?1 prevail aga9/ !e4 ,& ?\gh1 l ?y ma/]1 ?\ %\ld/ be> ! scorn ( ! li>s1 & ev5 die a %ort "t e>li] ?an ?\ o!rwise might/1 yet wilt ?\ !re=e pass e>li] f dea? unto et]nal life & be glorifi$ ?r\gh ,*ri/4 ,if ?\ dr9ke/ ( ! cup ( :i* he drank1 s wilt ?\ reign ) him & pron\nce judgm5t on ^? :o h act$ unrighte\sly40,v-#di ,footnote ,v-#dh3 ,?is inducem5t = ,erasmus to /& =? z a c&idate = ! hon\r ( m>tyrdom is1 9 ! orig9al1 z simple 9 expression z x is novel 9 conception3 8,du bi/ do* son/ e9 altes ,m5nik540 ,lit]ally3 ,= ?\ art already an old mannik94 ,erasmus1 h[ev]1 0 n a _s to be *>m$ to ent] su* a circle by su* an invocation4 ,z he said ( himself1 88 gift did n lie t way10 & he _h z little ta/e = m>tyrdom z he _h = fi%4--,9 "o or two o!r passages 9 ,dur]'s ,j\rnal !re is an allusion to ! dim9utive /ature ( ,erasmus4 ,footnote ,v-#di3 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #g;er ,!il1 ,s4 #hh-ic4 ,9 volume ,x1 p4 #da1 ,von ,murr gives f ,peuc]1 ! son-9-law ( ,melanc?on1 ! foll[+ anecdote3 8,melanc?on1 :5 at ,nuremb]g1 on *ur* & univ]sity affairs1 0 mu* 9 ! society ( ,pirkheim]2 & ,alb]t ,dur]1 ! pa9t]1 an intellig5t man1 ^: lea/ m]it1 z ,melanc?on us$ to say1 0 8 art1 0 frequ5tly "o ( ! p>ty4 ,betwe5 ,pirkheim] & ,dur] !re 7 frequ5t disputes respect+ ! rec5t religi\s conte/1 9 :i* ,dur]1 z he 0 a man ( /rong m9d1 vigor\sly oppos$ ,pirkheim]1 & refut$ 8 argum5ts z if he _h come prep>$ = ! discussion4 ,pirkheim] gr[+ w>m1 = he 0 v irritable & mu* plagu$ ) ! g\t1 w\ld sometimes exclaim 8,n s3--^! ?+s _c be pa9t$40--8,& ! argum5ts :i* y allege10 ,dur] w\ld reply1 8c nei!r be correctly express$ nor compreh5d$40--,:atev] might h be5 ! p>ticul> po9ts 9 dispute betwe5 ! two fri5ds1 ,pirkheim]1 z well z ,dur]1 0 a support] ( ! doctr9es ( ,lu!r40 ,ab\t ?is "t a l>ge wood-cut1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy1 0 publi%$2 & ?\gh ! satire :i* x conta9s w apply equally to any monk :o may be suppos$ to be an in/rum5t ( ! devil1 x 0 probably direct$ aga9/ ,lu!r 9 p>ticul>1 z a tea*] ( false doctr9e ?r\gh ! inspiration ( ! fa!r ( lies4 ,9 ! cut ! ar*-enemy1 z a bag-pip]1 is se5 bl[+ into ! e> ( a monk1 ^: head =ms ! 8bag10 & by skilful f+]+ caus+ ! nose1 elongat$ 9 ! =m ( a 8*ant]10 to disc\rse sweet music4 ,! prea*+ fri>s ( =m] times 7 no less celebrat$ = _! nasal melody ?an ! 8sa9ts0 9 ! days ( ,cromwell4 ,a s]i\s portrait ( ,lu!r1 probably engrav$ or drawn on wood by ,hans ,baldung ,grn1 a pupil ( ,dur]1 0 also publi%$ 9 #aeba4 ,x is pr9t$ 9 a qu>to tract1 entitl$1 8,acta et ,res ge/ ,d4 ,m>t9i ,lu!ri 9 ,comitiis ,pr9cipum ,vuormaci1 ,anno ,,mdxxi10 & also 9 a tract1 writt5 by ,lu!r himself 9 answ] to ,j]ome ,ems]1 )\t date1 b probably pr9t$ at ,witt5b]g ab\t #aebc4 ,9 ?is portrait1 :i* be>s consid]able resemblance to ! head =m+ ! bag ( ,satan's pipe1 ,lu!r appe>s z if m$itat+ on a passage t he has j read 9 a volume :i* he holds op52 8 head is surr\nd$ ) rays ( glory2 & ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 ! =m ( a dove1 appe>s z if ab\t to settle on 8 %av5 cr[n4 ,9 an impression n[ be=e me1 "s "o1 app>5tly a contempor>y1 :o ?\ght t ,lu!r's inspiration 0 d]iv$ f ano!r s\rce1 has ) p5 & ink trans=m$ ! dove into "o ( ^? unclean ?+s betwe5 bat & s]p5t1 :i* are suppos$ to be appropriate to ! regions ( d>kness1 & :i* are g5]ally to be se5 9 pa9t+s & engrav+s ( ! temptation ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,illu/ration ,a week aft] ,corpus ,*ri/i day,v-#ej ,dur] left ,antw]p = ,mal9es1 :]e ! ,ar*du*ess ,m>g>et1 ! aunt ( ! emp]or ,*>les ,v1 0 !n resid+4 ,he took up 8 lodg+s ) ,h5ry de ,bles1 a pa9t] ( consid]able reputation1 call$ ,civetta by ! ,italians1 f ! owl :i* he pa9t$ z a m>k 9 mo/ ( 8 pictures2 & ! pa9t]s & /atu>ies1 z at ,antw]p & o!r places1 invit$ him to an ent]ta9m5t & treat$ him ) great respect4 ,he wait$ on ! ar*du*ess & %[$ h] 8 portrait ( ! emp]or1 & w\ld h pres5t$ x to h]1 b %e w\ld by no means accept ( x2--probably because %e c\ld n well receive su* a gift )\t mak+ ! arti/ a suitable return1 = x appe>s1 f a subsequ5t passage 9 ,dur]'s ,j\rnal1 t %e _h no p>ticul> objection to receive o!r works ( art :5 !y co/ h] no?+4 ,footnote ,v-#ej3 ,corpus ,*ri/i day is a moveable fe/ival1 & is celebrat$ on ! fir/ ,?ursday aft] ,tr9ity ,sunday4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ,dur] return$ to ,antw]p1 :]e he %ortly aft]w>ds saw ,lucas ,van ,leyd51 ! celebrat$ pa9t] & engrav]1 ^: plates at t "t 7 by _m consid]$ ne>ly equal to 8 own4 ,dur]'s brief notice ( 8 tal5t$ contempor>y is z foll[s3 8,receiv$ an invitation f ,ma/] ,lucas1 :o engraves on copp]4 ,he is a little man1 & a native ( ,leyd5 9 ,holl&40 ,subsequ5tly he m5tions hav+ drawn ,lucas's portrait 9 crayons2 & hav+ ex*ang$ "s ( 8 own works to ! value ( eight flor9s = a complete set ( ,lucas's engrav+s4 ,dur] 9 ?is "p ( 8 ,j\rnal1 aft] enum]at+ ! portraits he _h tak5 & ! ex*anges he _h made s9ce 8 return f ,mal9es to ,antw]p1 ?us speaks ( ! mann] 9 :i* he 0 rew>d$3 8,9 all my transactions 9 ! ,ne!rl&s--= my pa9t+s1 draw+s1 & 9 dispos+ ( my works--bo? ) high & l[ ,i h _h ! disadvantage4 ,! ,lady ,m>g>et1 especially1 = all t ,i h giv5 h] & done = h]1 has n made me ! lea/ recomp5se40 ,dur] n[ began to make prep>ations = 8 return home4 ,he engag$ a waggon] to take him & 8 wife to ,cologne2 he ex*ang$ a portrait ( ! emp]or = "s :ite ,engli% clo?2 &1 on #a/ ,july1 he borr[$ ( ,alex&] ,imh(f a hundr$ gold guild]s to be repaid at ,nuremb]g2 ano!r pro( t ,dur]1 ?\gh treat$ ) great di/9ction 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 _h n d]iv$ mu* pecuni>y advantage dur+ ! p]iod ( 8 resid5ce !re4 ,on ! #bnd ,july1 :5 he 0 ab\t to leave ,antw]p1 ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 ,*ri/ian ,,ii1 :o _h rec5tly arriv$ 9 ,fl&]s1 s5t = him to take 8 portrait4 ,he fir/ drew 8 maje/y ) black *alk--mit d] ,kohl5--& aft]w>ds w5t ) him to ,brussels1 :]e he appe>s to h pa9t$ 8 portrait 9 oil col\rs1 & = :i* he receiv$ ?irty flor9s4 ,at ,brussels1 on ! ,sunday be=e ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,day1,v-#ea ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k gave a gr& banquet to ! ,emp]or & ! ,ar*du*ess ,m>g>et1 to :i* ,dur] _h ! hon\r ( be+ invit$1 & fail$ n to att5d4 ,on ! foll[+ ,friday he left ,brussels to return to ,nuremb]g1 proce$+ by way ( ,aix-la-,*apelle to ,cologne4 ,footnote ,v-#ea3 ,/4 ,m>g>et's day is ! #bj? ,july4 ,out ( a v>iety ( o!r matt]s :i* ,dur] has m5tion$ 9 8 ,j\rnal1 ! foll[+--:i* c\ld n be conv5i5tly giv5 9 *ronological ord] 9 ! prec$+ ab/ract--may n1 p]haps1 be :olly un9t]e/+4 ,he pa9t$ a portrait ( "o ,ni*olas1 an a/ronom]1 :o 0 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 & :o 0 ( great s]vice to ,dur] on sev]al occasions4,v-#eb ,he gave "o flor9 & eight /iv]s = wood1 b :e!r = draw+ on1 or = fuel1 is unc]ta94 ,he only m5tions hav+ made two draw+s on wood dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 & bo? 7 ( ! arms ( ,von ,rog5dorff1 notic$ at page #bcf4 ,9 "o ( ^? in/ances1 he di/9ctly says t he made ! draw+1 8das man's s*neid5 mag0--t x may be engrav$4 ,! ^w 8man's0 cle>ly %[s t x 0 to be engrav$ by ano!r p]son4--,he m5tions t s9ce ,raffaele's dea? 8 works are disp]s$--8v]zog510--& t "o ( t ma/]'s pupils1 by "n 8,?omas ,poloni]10 _h call$ on him & made him a pres5t ( an antique r+4 ,9 a subsequ5t passage he calls ?is p]son 8,?omas ,polonius10 & says t he _h giv5 him a set ( 8 works to be s5t to ,rome & ex*ang$ = 8,raphaelis*e ,sa*e0--?+s by ,raffaele4 ,footnote ,v-#eb3 ,dur] says t ?is a/ronom] 0 a ,g]man1 & a native ( ,muni*4 ,x has be5 said1 ?\gh )\t suffici5t au?ority1 t ,dur]1 we>y ( a home :]e he 0 made mis]able by 8 bad-temp]$1 av>ici\s wife1 left ,nuremb]g1 & visit$ ! ,l[ ,c\ntries alone = ! purpose ( avoid+ h] con/ant annoyance4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no evid5ce ( ,dur]'s visit+ ! ,l[ ,c\ntries previ\s to #aebj1 :5 he 0 accompani$ by 8 wife2 nor is !re any au!ntic record ( 8 ev] aga9 visit+ ,fl&]s subsequ5t to ! latt] end ( ,augu/ #aeba1 :5 he left ,brussels to return to ,nuremb]g4 ,9 #aebb1 ,dur] publi%$ ! fir/ edition ( ! ,triumphal ,c> ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 ! designs = :i* _h probably be5 made five or six ye>s be=e4 ,"o ( ! be/ portraits drawn by ,dur] on wood also be>s ! date #aebb4 ,x is t ( 8 fri5d ,ulri* ,v>nbul]1,v-#ec-- m5tion$ at page #bec1--;& is ( l>ge size1 be+ ab\t sev5te5 in*es high by twelve & ?ree-f\r?s wide4 ,! head is full ( "*1 & ! engrav+ is admirably execut$4 ,f #aebb to #aebh1 ! ye> ( ,dur]'s dea?1 he seems to h almo/ entirely giv5 up ! practice ( draw+ on wood1 z !re are only ?ree cuts ) 8 m>k :i* conta9 a date betwe5 ^? ye>s2 !y are 8 own arms dat$ #aebc2 8 own portrait dat$ #aebg2 & ! siege ( a =tifi$ city previ\sly notic$ at page #bec1 also dat$ #aebg4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( ! cut ( ,dur]'s arms4 ,! pair ( doors on ! %ield--9 ,g]man ,dur] or ,?ur]--is a rebus ( ! arti/'s "n2 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,lucys ( our own c\ntry1 :o bore ?ree luces1,v-#ed or pikes--fi%1 n weapons--arg5t1 9 _! coat ( arms4 ,footnote ,v-#ec3 ,ulri* ,v>nbul] 0 subsequ5tly ! *ancellor ( ! ,emp]or ,f]d9& ,i4 ,dur] m5tions him 9 a lett] address$ to 8,h]nn ,frey 9 ,zuri*10 & dat$ f ,nuremb]g on ! ,sunday aft] ,/4 ,&rew's day1 #aebc4 ,) ?is lett] ,dur] s5t to 8 correspond5t a humor\s sket*1 9 p5 & ink1 ( apes danc+1 :i* 9 #aggf 0 /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y ( ,basle4 ,! date ( ?is lett] proves ! incorrectness ( ,mr4 ,ottley's /atem5t1 9 page #gbc ( 8 ,inquiry1 :]e he says t ,dur] did n return to ,nuremb]g f ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 8until ! middle ( ! ye> #aebd40 ,mr4 ,ottley is n m correct :5 he says1 at page #gce1 t ! portrait ( ,v>nbul] is ! 8size ( nature40 ,footnote ,v-#ed3 ,x is suppos$ t ,%akspe>e1 9 allud+ to ! 8doz5 :ite luces0 9 ,ma/] ,%all['s coat ( arms1--,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor1 ,act ,i1--int5d$ to ridicule ,sir ,?omas ,lucy ( ,*>lecotte1 ,wilt%ire1 be=e :om he is said to h be5 br\ght 9 8 y\? on a *>ge ( de]-/eal+4 ,illu/ration ,! la/ ( ,dur]'s engrav+s on copp] is a portrait ( ,melanc?on1 dat$ #aebf1 ! ye> 9 :i* ! meek & le>n$ re=m] visit$ ,nuremb]g4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( 8 own portrait1 p]haps ! la/ draw+ t he made on wood4 ,x is probably a good lik5ess ( ! arti/2 at any rate x be>s a great resemblance to ! portrait said to be int5d$ = ,dur]'s own 9 8 c>v+ ( ! nam+ ( ,/4 ,john1 ( :i* "s acc\nt is giv5 at page #bei4 ,! size ( ! orig9al is elev5 in*es & ?ree-eigh?s high by t5 in*es wide4 ,accord+ to ,b>ts*1 ! e>lie/ impressions h n ! arms & m>k1 & are inscrib$ above ! bord] at ! top3 8,albre*t ,dur]'s ,cont]feyt0--,alb]t ,dur]'s portrait4 ,x w\ld seem t ! block _h be5 pres]v$ = _m ye>s subsequ5t to ! date1 = ,i h n[ be=e me an impression1 on comp>atively mod]n pap]1 f :i* x is evid5t t at ! "t ( its be+ tak51 ! block _h be5 mu* corrod$ by worms4 ,illu/ration ,x is probable t betwe5 #aebb & #aebh ! treatises ( :i* ,dur] is ! au?or 7 *iefly compos$4 ,_! ,titles are ,an ,essay on ! ,=tification ( ,t[ns & ,villages2 ,in/ructions = ,measur+ ) ! ,rule & ,compass2 & ,on ! ,proportions ( ! ,human ,body4,v-#ee ,!y 7 all publi%$ at ,nuremb]g ) illu/rative wood-cuts2 ! fir/ 9 #aebg1 & ! o!r two 9 #aebh4 ,x is to ! latt] "w t ,hog>? alludes1 9 8 ,analysis ( ,beauty1 :5 he speaks ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,lamozzo1 & o!rs1 hav+ 8puzzl$ mank9d ) a heap ( m9ute unnecess>y divisions0 9 _! rules = correctly draw+ ! human figure4 ,footnote ,v-#ee3 ,etli*e ,und]ri*t zu ,befe/igung d] ,/ett1 ,s*loss1 und ,fleck52 ,und]weysung d] ,messung mit d] ,zirckel und ,ri*ts*eyt2 ,bu*] von ,m5s*li*] ,proportion4 ,all 9 folio4 ,^? treatises 7 subsequ5tly translat$ into ,lat9 & sev]al times repr9t$4 ,! treatise on ! ,proportions ( ! ,human ,body 0 also translat$ into ,fr5* & pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #aeeg4 ,a collection ( ,dur]'s writ+s 0 publi%$ by ,j4 ,jans51 #afjd4 ,aft] a life ( unremitt$ application1--z is suffici5tly prov$ by ! numb] ( 8 works z a pa9t]1 an engrav]1 & a design] on wood1--,alb]t ,dur] di$ at ,nuremb]g on #f? ,april #aebh1 9 ! fifty-sev5? ye> ( 8 age4 ,8 wife's wret*$ temp] _h unque/ionably r5d]$ ! latt] ye>s ( 8 life v unhappy1 & 9 h] eag]ness to obta9 money %e appe>s to h urg$ h] husb& to :at seems m l ! he>tless toil ( a slave ?an an arti/'s ex]cise ( 8 pr(ession4 ,x is said t h] sitt+-room 0 "u h] husb&'s /udio1 & t %e 0 accu/om$ to give an admonitory knock aga9/ ! ceil+ :5ev] %e suspect$ t he 0 8n gett+ =w>d ) 8 "w40 ,! foll[+ extracts f a lett]1 writt5 by ,bilibald ,pirkheim] %ortly aft] ,dur]'s dea?1 w %[ t common fame has n greatly beli$ ?is he>tless1 selfi% woman1 9 ascrib+1 9 a great measure1 h] husb&'s dea? to ! daily vexation :i* %e caus$ him1 & to h] urg+ him to cont9ual application 9 ord] t a great] sum might be secur$ to h] on 8 decease4 ,! passages relat+ to ,dur] 9 ,pirkheim]'s lett] are to ! foll[+ effect4,v-#ef ,footnote ,v-#ef3 ,?is lett] is address$ to 8,johann ,ts*]te10 an ar*itect resid+ at ,vi5na1 ! mutual fri5d ( ,pirkheim] & ,dur]4--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #aj;er ,!il1 ,s4 #cf4 8,i h inde$ lo/ 9 ,alb]t "o ( ! be/ fri5ds ,i _h on e>?2 & no?+ pa9s me m ?an ! ?\ght ( 8 dea? hav+ be5 s melan*oly1 :i*1 next to ! w ( ,provid5ce1 ,i c ascribe to no "o b 8 wife1 = %e frett$ him s mu* & task$ him s h>d t he dep>t$ soon] ?an he o!rwise w\ld4 ,he 0 dri$ up l a bundle ( /raw2 dur/ nev] enjoy himself nor ent] into company4 ,?is bad woman1 moreov]1 0 anxi\s ab\t t = :i* %e _h no occasion to take he$1--%e urg$ him to lab\r day & night solely t he might e>n money1 ev5 at ! co/ ( 8 life1 & leave x to h]2 %e 0 cont5t to live despis$1 z %e does /ill1 provid$ ,alb]t might leave h] six ?\s& guild]s4 ,b %e _c enjoy !m3 ! sum ( ! matt] is1 %e alone has be5 ! cause ( 8 dea?4 ,i h (t5 expo/ulat$ ) h] ab\t h] fretful1 jeal\s conduct1 & w>n$ h] :at ! consequ5ces w\ld be1 b h only met ) reproa*4 ,to ! fri5ds & s9c]e well-wi%]s ( ,alb]t %e 0 sure to be ! enemy2 :ile su* conduct 0 to him a cause ( exce$+ grief1 & contribut$ to br+ him to ! grave4 ,i h n se5 h] s9ce 8 dea?2 %e w h no?+ to say to me1 al?\gh ,i h on _m occasions r5d]$ h] great s]vice4 ,:oev] contradicts h]1 or gives n way to h] 9 all ?+s1 is sure to incur h] enmity2 ,i am1 !re=e1 bett] pleas$ t %e %\ld keep h]self away4 ,%e & h] si/] are n inde$ wom5 ( loose "*2 b1 on ! contr>y1 are1 z ,i believe1 ( hone/ reputation & religi\s2 "o w\ld1 h[ev]1 r h "o ( ! o!r k9d :o o!rwise conducts h]self 9 a pleasant mann]1 ?an a fretful1 jeal\s1 scold+ wife--h[ev] dev\t %e may be--) :om a man c h no peace ei!r day or night4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 leave ! matt] to ! w ( ,god1 :o w be graci\s & m]ciful to ,alb]t1 = 8 life 0 t ( a pi\s & righte\s man4 ,z he di$ l a good ,*ri/ian1 we may h little d\bt ( 8 salvation4 ,god grant u grace1 & t 9 8 own good "t we may happily foll[ ,alb]t40 ,! popul> error1--z ,i believe x to be1--t ,alb]t ,dur] 0 an engrav] on wood1 has n t5d$1 9 ,engl&1 :]e 8 works z a pa9t] are b little kn[n1 to increase 8 reputation4 ,_m p]sons on look+ ov] ! wood engrav+s :i* be> 8 m>k h ?\ght b meanly ( _! execution2 & h conclud$ t 8 abilities z an arti/ 7 mu* ov]-rat$1 on ! supposition t 8 fame *iefly re/$ on ! presum$ fact ( 8 be+ ! engrav] ( ^? works4 ,c]ta9 writ]s1 too1 speak+ ( him z a pa9t] & an engrav] on copp]1 h =m$ r an unfav\rable e/imate ( 8 tal5ts1 by comp>+ 8 pictures ) ^? ( 8 great ,italian contempor>ies1-- ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & ,raffaele1--& by judg+ ( 8 engrav+s ) ref]5ce to ! productions ( mod]n art1 9 :i* ! fre$om & effect ( et*+ are comb9$ ) ! precision & cle>ness ( l9es produc$ by ! bur94 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is judg+ ! arti/ by an unfair /&>d4 ,?\gh he has n atta9$1 nor inde$ attempt$1 t sublimity :i* seems to h be5 pr9cipally ! aim ( ! ?ree great ,italian ma/]s above m5tion$1 he has produc$ mu* t is beautiful1 natural1 & int]e/+2 & :i*1 ?\gh x may n /& s high 9 ! scale ( art z ! gr& compositions ( 8 ?ree great contempor>ies1 is no less necess>y to its completion4 ,! field :i* he cultivat$1 ?\gh n yield+ productions s noble or spl5did z !irs1 0 ( great] ext5t & af=d$ great] v>iety4 ,if !y h left u m sublime conceptions ( pa/ & future ev5ts1 ,dur] has transmitt$ to u m fai?ful pictures ( ! *>act]s1 mann]s1 & cu/oms ( 8 own times4 ,let ^? :o are incl9$ to depreciate 8 engrav+s on copp]1 z dry & meagre :5 comp>$ ) ! productions ( mod]n engrav]s1 consid] ! /ate 9 :i* he f\nd ! art2 & let !m also recollect t he 0 n a m]e translator ( ano!r p]son's ideas1 b t he engrav$ 8 own designs4 ,sett+ aside 8 m]its z a pa9t]1 ,i am ( op9ion t no arti/ ( ! pres5t day has produc$1 f 8 own designs1 ?ree su* engrav+s z ,dur]'s ,adam & ,eve1 ,/4 ,j]ome seat$ 9 8 *amb] writ+1 & ! subject entitl$ ,melancolia4,v-#eg ,let x also n be =gott5 t to ,alb]t ,dur] we owe ! discov]y ( et*+2 a bran* ( ! art :i* gives to mod]n engrav]s1 m especially 9 l&scape1 s great an advantage ov] ! orig9al inv5tor4 ,look+ imp>tially at ! v>i\s works ( ,dur]1 & consid]+ ! p]iod & ! c\ntry 9 :i* he liv$1 few1 ,i ?9k1 w v5ture to d5y t he 0 "o ( ! greate/ arti/s ( 8 age4 ,! be/ pro( inde$ ( ! solidity ( 8 fame is af=d$ by ! e/eem 9 :i* 8 works h be5 held = ?ree c5turies by ne>ly all p]sons :o h _h opportunities ( see+ !m1 except su* z h1 ^u n>r[ pr9ciples1 =m$ an exclusive !ory ) respect to excell5ce 9 art4 ,) su* au?orities no?+ c be beautiful or int]e/+ t is n gr&2 e c\ntry p>i% *ur* %\ld be built 9 ! /yle ( a ,grecian temple2 our woods %\ld gr[ no?+ b oaks2 a c\ntry g5tleman's dove-cot %\ld be a fac-simile ( ! lant]n ( ,demo/h5es2 ! sign ( ! ,angel at a c\ntry inn %\ld be pa9t$ by a ,guido2 & a picture repres5t+ ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce %\ld be 9 ! /yle ( ,raffaele's ,s*ool ( ,a!ns4 ,footnote ,v-#eg3 ,^? ?ree engrav+s are respectively numb]$ #a1 #fj1 & #fg 9 ,b>ts*'s li/ ( ,dur]'s works 9 8 ,pe9tre-,graveur1 tom4 vii4 ,! ,adam & ,eve is n9e in*es & ?ree-f\r?s high by sev5 in*es & a half wide1--date #aejd2 ,/4 ,j]ome1 n9e in*es & five-eigh?s high by sev5 in*es & ?ree-eigh?s wide1--date #aead2 ,melancolia1 n9e in*es & ?ree-eigh?s high by sev5 in*es & "o f\r? wide1--date #aead4 ,lucas ,crana*1 a pa9t] ( great repute 9 8 day1 l 8 contempor>y ,dur] has also be5 suppos$ to be ! engrav] ( ! wood-cuts :i* be> 8 m>k1 b :i*1 9 all probability1 7 only drawn by him on ! block & execut$ by pr(essional wood engrav]s4 ,! family "n ( ?is arti/ 0 ,sund]1 & he is also sometimes call$ ,mull] or ,mal]--,pa9t]--f 8 pr(ession4 ,he acquir$ ! "n ,crana*1 or ,von ,crana*1 f ,crana*1 a t[n 9 ! t]ritory ( ,bamb]g1 :]e he 0 born 9 #adgj4 ,he enjoy$ ! patronage ( ! electoral pr9ces ( ,saxony1 & "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t ( 8 m>ks is a %ield ( ! arms ( t family4 ,ano!r ( 8 m>ks is a %ield ) two swords cross$2 a ?ird is a k9d ( dragon2 & a f\r? is ! initial lett]s ( 8 "n1 ,l4 ,c4 ,sometimes two or ?ree ( ^? m>ks are to be f\nd 9 "o cut4 ,!re are f\r engrav+s on copp] ) ! m>k ,,lcz :i* are g5]ally ascrib$ to ?is arti/4 ,t !y are f 8 designs is v likely1 b :e!r !y 7 engrav$ by himself or n is unc]ta94 ,"o ( !m be>s ! date #adib1 & x is probable t !y 7 all execut$ ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,two ( ^? pieces 7 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,ottley1 :o says1 8,p]haps ! two la/ *>act]s ( ! m>k may be int5d$ = ,cr40 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 m likely t ! la/ "* is int5d$ = ! lett] :i* x mo/ resembles--a ,z1 & t x d5otes ! ,g]man ^w zei*net--t is 8drew20 9 ! same mann] z lat] arti/s occasionally subjo9$ ! lett] ,p or ,f to _! names = ,p9xit or ,fecit1 respectively z !y might h pa9t$ ! picture or engrav$ ! plate4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ *i>o-scuros1 z has be=e be5 obs]v$1 pr9t$ f ?ree blocks1 is f a design ( ,lucas ,crana*4 ,x is dat$ #aeji1 n9e ye>s be=e ! e>lie/ *i>o-scuro ) a date execut$ by ,ugo da ,c>pi1 to :om ,vas>i & o!rs h errone\sly ascrib$ ! inv5tion ( ?is mode ( imitat+ a draw+ by impressions f two or m wood-blocks4 ,! subject1 l t ( ! foll[+ specim51 is a ,repose 9 ,egypt1 b is treat$ 9 a diff]5t mann]1--! ,virg9 be+ repres5t$ giv+ suck to ! infant ,*ri/4 ,! wood engrav+s t conta9 ,crana*'s m>k are n s num]\s z ^? :i* conta9 ! m>k ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 & !y are also g5]ally inf]ior to ! latt] bo? 9 effect & design4 ,! foll[+ r$uc$ copy ( a cut :i* conta9s ?ree ( ,crana*'s f\r m>ks w af=d "s idea ( ! /yle ( 8 designs on wood4 ,z a specim5 ( 8 ability 9 ?is bran* ( art x is p]haps sup]ior to ! great] "p ( 8 designs execut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! subject is describ$ by ,b>ts* z a ,repose 9 ,egypt4 ,! action ( ! y\?ful angels :o are danc+ r\nd ! ,virg9 & ! infant ,*ri/ is c]ta9ly truly juv5ile if n graceful4 ,! two *ildr5 se5 up ! tree robb+ an eagle's ne/ are p]haps emblematic ( ! promis$ peace ( ,*ri/'s k+dom & ( ! de/ruction ( ! p[] ( ,satan3 8,no lion %all be !re nor any rav5\s bea/ %all g up !reon1 x %all n be f\nd !re2 b ! r$eem$ %all walk !re40,v-#eh ,9 ! "r-h& corn] at ! top is ! %ield ( ! arms ( ,saxony2 & to ! left1 also at ! top1 is ano!r ( ,crana*'s m>ks--a %ield ) two swords cross$2 9 ! "r-h& corn] at ! bottom is a ?ird m>k1--! figure ( a k9d ( dragon ) a r+ 9 its m\?4 ,! size ( ! orig9al cut is ?irte5 in*es & "o-f\r? high by n9e in*es & "o-f\r? wide4 ,footnote ,v-#eh3 ,isaiah1 *apt] xxxv4 v]se #i4 ,illu/ration ,crana* 0 mu* e/eem$ 9 8 own c\ntry z a pa9t]1 & sev]al ( 8 pictures are /ill reg>d$ ) admiration4 ,he 0 9 great fav\r ) ,john ,fr$]ick1 ,elector ( ,saxony1,v-#ei & at "o p]iod ( 8 life 0 "o ( ! magi/rates ( ,witt5b]g4 ,he di$ at ,weim>1 on #af? ,octob] #aeec1 ag$ eighty-?ree4 ,footnote ,v-#ei3 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ wood-cuts design$ by ,crana* is a subject repres5t+ ! baptism ( "s sa9t2 & hav+ on "o side a portrait ( ,fr$]ick1 ,elector ( ,saxony1 & on ! o!r a portrait ( ,lu!r4 ,! block has consi/$ ( ?ree pieces1 & f ! impressions x seems z if ! p>ts conta9+ ! portraits ( ! elector & ,lu!r _h be5 add$ aft] ! c5tral "p _h be5 f9i%$4 ,! piece altoge!r is comp>atively wor?less 9 design1 & is v indiff]5tly engrav$4 ,ano!r em95t pa9t] :o has be5 class$ ) ,dur] & ,crana* z a wood engrav] is ,hans ,burgmair1 :o 0 born at ,augsburg ab\t #adgc4 ,! m>k ( ?is arti/ is to be f\nd on a great numb] ( wood engrav+s1 b beyond ?is fact !re is n ! lea/ reason to suppose t he ev] engrav$ a s+le block4 ,to ^? :o h describ$ ,burgmair z a wood engrav] f ?is circum/ance only1 a mo/ satisfactory answ] is af=d$ by ! fact t sev]al ( ! orig9al blocks ( ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 :i* conta9 ,burgmair's m>k1 h at ! back ! names ( ! diff]5t engrav]s by :om !y 7 execut$4 ,z we h "h positive evid5ce ( cuts ) ,burgmair's m>k be+ engrav$ by o!r p]sons1 we _c c]ta9ly conclude t any cut1 f ! m]e fact ( its conta9+ 8 m>k1 0 actually engrav$ by himself4 ,next to ,alb]t ,dur] he 0 "o ( ! be/ design]s on wood ( 8 age2 & z "o ( ! e>ly ma/]s ( ! ,g]man s*ool ( pa9t+ he is g5]ally consid]$ z entitl$ to rank next to ! great pa9t] ( ,nuremb]g4 ,x has inde$ be5 suppos$ t ,burgmair 0 a pupil ( ,dur]2 b = ?is op9ion !re seems to be no suffici5t gr\nd4 ,x is c]ta9 t he made _m ( ! designs = ! wood-cuts publi%$ "u ! title ( ,! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian2 & x is also probable t he drew ne>ly all ! cuts 9 ! book entitl$ ,d] ,weiss ,kunig--,! ,wise ,k+1 ano!r "w illu/rative ( ! le>n+1 wisdom1 & adv5tures ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian4,v-#fj ,be=e proce$+1 h[ev]1 to give any acc\nt ( ^? works1 x seems advisable to give two specim5s f a diff]5t s]ies ( wood-cuts ( 8 design+1 & to briefly notice two or ?ree ( ! m rem>kable s+le cuts t be> 8 m>k4 ,footnote ,v-#fj3 ,burgmair also made ! designs = a s]ies ( sa9ts1 male & female1 ( ! family ( ! emp]or1 :i* are also engrav$ on wood4 ,! orig9al blocks1 ) ! names ( ! engrav]s writt5 at ! back1 are /ill pres]v$1 & are at pres5t 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na4 ,! cut on ! opposite page is a r$uc$ copy f a s]ies design$ by ,burgmair4 ,! subject is ,samson & ,delilah1 & is treat$ accord+ to ! old ,g]man fa%ion1 )\t ! lea/ reg>d to propriety ( co/ume4 ,samson is repres5t$ l a grisly old ,g]man b>on ( ,burgmair's own "t1 ) limbs c]ta9ly n indicat+ extraord9>y /r5g?2 & ,delilah seems v delib]ately engag$ 9 cutt+ (f 8 hair4 ,! w9e flagon & f[l1 to ! left1 w\ld seem to indicate ! dang] ( yield+ to s5sual indulg5ce4 ,! orig9al cut is surr\nd$ by an ornam5tal bord]1 & is f\r in*es & five-eigh?s high by ?ree in*es & five-eigh?s wide4 ,burgmair's m>k ,h4 ,b4 is at ! bottom ( ! cut1 to ! "r4 ,illu/ration ,! cut on page #bhj is also a r$uc$ copy f "o ( ! same s]ies1 & is a pro( t ^? :o call ! :ole by ! g5]al title ( 8,bible ,pr9ts0 are n exactly correct 9 _! nom5clature4 ,! some:at humor\s-look+ p]sonage1 :om a lady is us+ z h] pad1 is ?us describ$ 9 an inscription und]nea? ! cut3 8,ari/otle1 a ,greek1 ! son ( ,nicoma*us4 ,a disciple ( ,plato1 & ! ma/] ( ,alex&] ! ,great40 ,?\gh ,ari/otle is said to h be5 extremely fond ( 8 wife ,py?as1 & to h paid h] div9e hon\rs aft] h] dea?1 !re is no record1 ,i believe1 ( h] hav+ amus$ h]self ) rid+ on h] husb&'s back4 ,! subject is probably int5d$ to illu/rate ! p[] ( ! fair sex ov] ev5 ! wise/ ( mortals1 & to %[ t philosoph]s !mselves :5 "u su* influ5ce occasionally =get _! "* z tea*]s ( m51 & exhibit !mselves 9 situations :i* sc>cely an ass might envy4 ,! orig9al is surr\nd$ by a bord]1 & is f\r in*es & five-eigh?s high by ?ree in*es & five-eigh?s wide4 ,illu/ration ,!re are sev]al *i>o-scuros f wood-blocks ) ,burgmair's m>k4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ is a portrait ( 8,joannes ,paung>tn]10 f two blocks1 ) ! date #aeab2 ano!r ( ,/4 ,george on horseback1 f two blocks1 engrav$ by ,jo/ or ,josse de ,negh]1 )\t date2 a ?ird repres5t+ a "y woman fly+ f ,dea?1 :o is se5 kill+ a "y man1--f ?ree blocks1 )\t date2 & a f\r? ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian on horseback1 f two blocks1 ) ! date #aeah4 ,! be/ cuts ( ,burgmair's design+1 ?\gh drawn ) great _s & fre$om1 are decid$ly inf]ior to ! be/ ( ! wood-cuts design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,errors 9 p]spective are frequ5t 9 ! cuts :i* be> 8 m>k2 8 figures are n s v>i$ nor _! *>act]s s well indicat$ z ,dur]'s2 & 9 _! arrangem5t1 or gr\p+1 he is also inf]ior to ,dur]1 z well z 9 ! art ( giv+ effect to 8 subjects by ! skilful di/ribution ( light & %ade4 ,! cuts 9 ! ,wise ,k+1 ne>ly all ( :i* are said to h be5 design$ by him1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 v inf]ior productions bo? ) respect to engrav+ & design4 ,8 m]its z a design] on wood are p]haps %[n to great] advantage 9 ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian ?an 9 any o!r ( 8 works execut$ 9 ?is mann]4--,"s writ]s h ass]t$ t ,burgmair di$ 9 #aeag1 b ?is is c]ta9ly incorrect2 = !re is a portrait ( him1 ) t ( 8 wife on ! same pannel1 pa9t$ by himself 9 #aebi1 :5 he 0 fifty-six ye>s old4 ,und]nea? ?is pa9t+ 0 a c\plet to ! foll[+ effect3 ,our lik5ess su* z "h y view2-- ,! glass itself 0 n m true4,v-#fa ,footnote ,v-#fa3 8,sol*e ,ge/alt uns] baid] 01 ,im ,spigel ab] nix dan das60 ,a small engrav+ 9 a slight mann] appe>s to h be5 made ( ! portraits ( ,burgmair & 8 wife by ,george ,*ri/oph] ,kilian1 an arti/ ( ,augsburg1 ab\t #aggd4--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #d;er ,!il1 ,s4 #bb4 ,burgmair1 l ,crana*1 liv$ till he 0 upw>ds ( eighty2 b x w\ld seem t he _h giv5 up draw+ on wood = _m ye>s previ\s to 8 dea?1 = ,i am n aw>e ( !re be+ any wood-cuts design$ by him ) a date subsequ5t to #aecj4 ,he di$ 9 #aeei1 ag$ eighty-six4 ,hans ,s*uffle9 is ano!r ( ^? old ,g]man pa9t]s :o are g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 also engrav]s on wood4 ,b>ts*1 h[ev]1 ?9ks t1 l ,dur]1 ,crana*1 & ,burgmair1 he only made ! designs = ! wood-cuts :i* are ascrib$ to him1 & t !y 7 engrav$ by o!r p]sons4 ,s*uffle9 0 born at ,nuremb]g 9 #adhc2 & x is said t he 0 a pupil ( ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,subsequ5tly he remov$ to ,nordl+51 a t[n 9 ,suabia1 ab\t sixty miles to ! s\?-we/w>d ( ,nuremb]g1 :]e he di$ 9 #aeej4 ,! wood-cuts 9 connexion ) :i* ,s*uflle9's "n is mo/ frequ5tly m5tion$ are ! illu/rations ( ! "w usually call$ ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank1,v-#fb an allegorical poem1 9 folio1 :i* is said to h be5 ! jo9t composition ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian & 8 private secret>y ,mel*ior ,pf9tz+1 provo/ ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sebald at ,nuremb]g4 ,?\gh ,khl]1 a ,g]man au?or1 9 an ,essay on ,sir ,!urdank1--,de inclyto libro poetico ,!urdank1--has highly prais$ ! poetical beauties ( ! "w1 !y are c]ta9ly n su* z are likely to int]e/ an ,engli% read]4 8,! v]sifi$ allegory ( ,sir ,!urdank10 says ,kttn]1,v-#fc 8is defici5t 9 true ,epic beauty2 x has also no?+1 z a poem1 ( ! romantic descriptions ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1--no?+ ( ! delicate gallantry ( ! age ( *ivalry & ! tr\bad\rs4 ,! ma*9]y :i* sets all 9 action are c]ta9 p]sonifications ( ,envy1 re/less ,curiosity1 & ,d>+2 ^! induce ! h]o to und]take _m p]il\s adv5tures1 f :i* he always escapes ?r\gh ,und]/&+ & ,virtue4 ,su* is ! gr\ndwork ( ! fable :i* ,pf9tz+ con/ructs 9 ord] to extol1 "u allegorical repres5tations1 ! p]ils1 adv5tures1 & h]oic de$s ( ! emp]or4 ,ev]y?+ is describ$ s figuratively z to am\nt to a riddle2 & ! /ory proce$s ) little connexion & )\t animation4 ,!re are no /rik+ descriptive passages1 no ,hom]ic similes1 & no episodes to all[ ! read] occasionally to re/2 9 fact1 no?+ admirable1 _s-/irr+1 or great4 ,! poem is inde$ r moral ?an epic2 ,lucan's ,ph>salia p>takes m ( ! epic "* ?an ,pf9tz+'s ,!urdank4 ,pf9tz+1 h[ev]1 surpasses ! ,cyclic poets allud$ to by ,horace40,v-#fd ,footnote ,v-#fb3 ,! orig9al title ( ! "w is3 8,die gev>li*keit5 und e9s teils d] ,ges*i*t5 des lobli*5 /reytp>5 und ho*b]mbt5 ,helds und ,ritt]s ,tewrdanckha40 ,t is3 ,! adv5tur\s de$s & "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! fam\s1 valiant1 & highly-r5[n$ h]o ,sir ,!urdank4 ,! "n1 ,!urdank1 9 ! language ( ! p]iod1 w\ld seem to imply a p]son ^: ?\ghts 7 only employ$ on noble & elevat$ subjects4 ,goe!1 :o 9 8 y\? 0 fond ( look+ ov] old books illu/rat$ ) wood-cuts1 alludes to ,sir ,!urdank 9 8 admirable play ( ,gtz von ,b]li*+53 8,geht6 ,geht60 says ,adelheid to ,weisl+51 8,erzhlt das ,md*5 die d5 ,teurdanck les51 und si* s e95 ,mann wns*540--8,g6 ,g6 ,tell t to a girl :o reads ,sir ,!urdank1 & wi%es t %e may h su* a husb&40 ,9 ,sir ,walt] ,scott's faulty translation ( ?is play--"u ! "n ( ,william ,scott1 #agii1--! passage is r5d]$ z foll[s3 8,g6 ,g6 ,talk ( t to "s =sak5 damsel ^: ,corydon has prov$ =sworn40 ,9 ano!r passage :]e ,goe! makes ,adelheid allude to ! popul> 8,mr*510 or tale1 ( ,numb]-,nip1 ! po9t is completely lo/ 9 ! translation3 8,entb9d5 ni*t unsre ,gesetze sol*5 ,s*wr58--,ma*t das ,k9d]n weiss die d5 ,rbezahl glaub540 ,lit]ally1 8,d n our laws release y f su* oa?s8--,tell t to *ildr5 :o believe ,numb]-,nip40 ,9 ,sir ,walt] ,scott's translation ! passage is ?us mo/ incorrectly r5d]$3 8,su* agreem5t is no m b9d+ ?an an unju/ extort$ oa?4 ,e *ild kn[s :at fai? is to be kept ) robb]s40 ,! "n ,rbezahl is lit]ally translat$ by ,numb]-,neep2 ,rbe is ! ,g]man "n = a turnip1--,scotic1 a neep4 ,! /ory is z well kn[n 9 ,g]many z t ( ,jack ! ,giant-,kill] 9 ,engl&4 ,footnote ,v-#fc3 ,*>akt]e ,teuts*] ,di*t] und ,prosai/51 ,s4 #ga4 ,b]l91 #agha4 ,footnote ,v-#fd3 ,nec sic incipies1 ut scriptor cyclicus olim3 8,=tunam ,priami cantabo1 et nobile bellum30 ,quid dignum tanto f]et hic promissor hiatu8 ,p>turiunt montes2 nascetur ridiculus mus4 ,ars ,poetica1 v4 #acf-aci4 ,9 a ,greek epigram ! ,cyclic poets are ?us notic$3 4 ,! fir/ edition ( ,sir ,!urdank 0 pr9t$ by ,hans ,s*nsp]g] ! eld]1 at ,nuremb]g 9 #aeag2 & 9 #aeai two editions appe>$ at ,augsburg f ! press ( ! same pr9t]4 ,z ,s*nsp]g]'s e/abli%$ pr9t+-(fice 0 at ! latt] city & n at ,nuremb]g1 ,panz] has suppos$ t ! impr9t ( ,nuremb]g 9 ! fir/ edition might h be5 introduc$ z a complim5t to ! nom9al au?or1 ,mel*ior ,pf9tz+1 :o !n resid$ 9 t city4 ,two or ?ree o!r editions ( ,sir ,!urdank1 ) ! same cuts1 appe>$ betwe5 #aeai & #afjb2 b ,kttn]1 9 8 ,*>act]s ( ,g]man poets & prose-writ]s1 says t 9 all ^? editions alt]ations h be5 made 9 ! text4 ,! "* 9 :i* ,sir ,!urdank is pr9t$ is ( great beauty & mu* ornam5t$ ) fl\ri%es4 ,sev]al writ]s1 & among o!rs ,f\rni]1 :o 0 a type-f\nd] & wood-engrav]1 h errone\sly describ$ ! text z hav+ be5 engrav$ on blocks ( wood4 ,?is v sup]ficial & incorrect writ] also /ates t ! cuts conta9$ 9 ! volume are 8*efs-d'uvres de la gravure en bois40,v-#fe ,8 op9ion ) respect to ! cuts is ab\t z correct z 8 judgm5t respect+ ! type2 ! mo/ ( !m are 9 fact v ord9>y productions1 & are nei!r rem>kable = execution nor design4 ,he also in=ms 8 read]s t he has discov]$ on "s ( ^? cuts an ,h & an ,s1 accompani$ ) a little %ovel1 & t !y are ! monogram ( ,hans ,sebalde1 or ,hans ,s*uffle94 ,by ,hans ,sebalde he p]haps means ,hans ,sebald ,behaim1 an arti/ born at ,nuremb]g 9 #aejj1 & :o nev] us$ ! lett]s ,h & ,s1 accompani$ ) a little %ovel1 z a monogram4 ,f\rni] did n "k t ?is m>k is us$ exclusively by ,hans ,s*uffle92 & t ! little %ovel1 or bak]'s peel1--call$ 9 old ,g]man1 ,s*uffle91 or ,s*euffle9e1--is a rebus ( 8 surname4 ,! c>eful exam9ation ( writ]s m des]v+ ( cr$it has completely prov$ t ! text ( ! ?ree e>lie/ editions--^? only 9 :i* x 0 ass]t$ to be f engrav$ wood-blocks--is pr9t$ f moveable types ( metal4 ,breitkopf,v-#ff has obs]v$1 t 9 ! edition ( #aeag ! lett] i1 9 ! ^w %ickhet1 9 ! second l9e foll[+ ! eighty-f\r? cut1 is inv]t$2 & ,panz] & ,brunn] h notic$ sev]al v>iations 9 ! or?ography ( ! second & ?ird editions :5 comp>$ ) ! fir/4 ,footnote ,v-#fe3 ,diss]tation sur l',orig9e et les ,progres de l',art de ,grav] en ,bois1 p4 #gd4 ,p>is1 #ageh4 ,footnote ,v-#ff3 ,! k9d ( "* 9 :i* ! text ( ,sir ,!urdank is pr9t$ is call$ 8,fractur0 by ,g]man pr9t]s4 8,! fir/ "w10 says ,breitkopf1 8:i* af=d$ an example ( a p]fectly-%ap$ ,fractur = pr9t+1 0 unque/ionably ! ,!urdank1 pr9t$ at ,nuremb]g1 #aeag40--,ueb] ,bibliographie und ,bibliophile1 ,s4 #h4 #agic4--,neudrff]1 a contempor>y1 :o liv$ at ,nuremb]g at ! "t :5 ,sir ,!urdank 0 fir/ publi%$1 says t ! specim5s = ! types 7 writt5 by ,v9c5t ,rockn]1 ! emp]or's c\rt-secret>y4--,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #b;er ,!il1 ,s4 #aei2 & ,li*t5b]g]1 ,initia ,typographica1 p4 #aid4 ,!re are a hundr$ & eighte5 wood-cuts 9 ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank1 :i* are all suppos$ to h be5 design$1 if n engrav$1 by ,hans ,s*uffle91 ?\gh 8 m>k1 ,symbol1 occurs on n m ?an five or six4 ,f ! g5]al simil>ity ( /yle ,i h1 h[ev]1 no d\bt t ! designs 7 all made by ! same p]son1 & ,i ?9k x m likely t ,s*auffle9 0 ! design] ?an ! engrav]4 ,! cut on page #bhd is a r$uc$ copy ( t numb]$ #ad 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,! orig9al is six in*es & "o-f\r? high by five in*es & a half wide4 ,9 ?is cut1 ,sir ,!urdank is se51 9 ! dress ( a hunt]1 enc\nt]+ a huge be>2 :ile to ! "r is p]ceiv$ "o ( 8 tempt]s1 ,frwittig--re/less ,curiosity1--& to ! left1 on horseback1 ,!urdank's squire1 ,ernhold4 ,! title ( ! *apt]1 or fytte1 to :i* ?is cut is prefix$ is to ! foll[+ effect3 8,h[ ,frwittig l$ ,sir ,!urdank into a p]il\s enc\nt] ) a %e-be>40 ,! subject ( ! ?irte5? *apt] is 8 p]il\s enc\nt] ) a /ag1 & 9 ! fifte5? we are ent]ta9$ ) ! n>ration ( "o ( 8 adv5tures :5 hunt+ ! *amois4 ,illu/ration ,! opposite cut is a r$uc$ copy ( ,no4 #aaa 9 ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank4 ,! title ( ! *apt] to :i* ?is cut is prefix$ is3 8,h[ ,unfalo "o ( ,!urdank's tempt]s 0 hung40 ,a monk at ! foot ( ! gall[s appe>s to pray = ! culprit j turn$ (f2 :ile ,ernold seems to be expla9+ to a gr\p ( spectators to ! left ! reason ( ! execution4 ,! cut illu/rative ( ! #aaj? *apt] repres5ts ! behead+ ( 8,frwittig20 & 9 ! #aab?1 8,neydelh>t10 ! base/ ( ,!urdank's enemies1 is se5 receiv+ ! rew>d ( 8 p]fidy by be+ ?r[n into a moat4 ,! two orig9al cuts :i* h be5 select$ z specim5s ( ! wood engrav+s 9 ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank1 ?\gh n ! be/1 are p]haps1 9 po9t ( design & execution1 r sup]ior to two-?irds ( ^? conta9$ 9 ! "w4 ,! copies1 ?\gh less 9 size1 af=d a tol]ably correct idea ( ! /yle ( ! orig9als1 :i* no "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! be/ wood-cuts engrav$ aft] ! designs ( ,dur] & ,burgmair w ass]t to be 8*efs-d'uvres0 ( ! art ( wood engrav+4 ,illu/ration ,!re are a numb] ( wood-cuts :i* conta9 ,hans ,s*uffle9's m>k1 ?\gh some:at diff]5t f t :i* occurs 9 ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank2 ! ,s be+ l9k$ ) "o ( ! upright l9es ( ! ,h1 in/ead ( be+ plac$ betwe5 !m4 ,:5 ! lett]s are comb9$ 9 ?is mann]1 !re are frequ5tly two little %ovels cross$1 89 saltire10 z a h]ald w\ld say1 in/ead ( a s+le "o z 9 ,sir ,!urdank4 ,! foll[+ m>k1 ,symbol1 occurs on a s]ies ( wood-cuts illu/rative ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 pr9t$ at ,frank=t by ,c4 ,eg5olf1 #aedb2 on ! cuts 9 a ,g]man almanack1 ,m5tz1 #aede1 & #aedg2 & on sev]al s+le subjects execut$ ab\t t p]iod4 ,?is m>k1 x is said1 di/+ui%es ! designs ( ,hans ,s*auffle9 ! y\ng]4 ,b>ts*1 h[ev]1 obs]ves1 t 8:at ,/rutt has said ab\t !re be+ two p]sons ( ?is "n1 an eld] & a y\ng]1 seems to be a m]e conjecture40 ,! book entitl$ ,d] ,weiss ,kunig--! ,wise ,k+--is ano!r ( ! works project$ by ! ,emp]or ,maximilian 9 ord] to in=m ! _w ( sundry matt]s conc]n+ 8 fa!r ,fr$]ick ,,iii1 8 own education1 w>like & p]il\s de$s1 gov]nm5t1 woo+1 & w$d+4 ,?is "w is 9 prose2 & ?\gh ,m>x ,treitzsaurwe91 ! emp]or's secret>y1 is put =? z ! au?or1 !re is little d\bt ( its hav+ be5 *iefly compos$ by ,maximilian himself4 ,ab\t #aeab x appe>s t ! mat]ials = ?is "w 7 prep>$ by ! emp]or1 & t ab\t #aead !y 7 entru/$ to 8 secret>y1 ,treitzsaurwe91 to be put 9 ord]4 ,x w\ld appe> t be=e ! "w 0 ready = ! press ,maximilian _h di$2 & ,*>les ,v4 0 too mu* occupi$ ) o!r matt]s to pay mu* att5tion to ! publication ( an enigmatical "w1 ^: *ief object 0 to celebrate ! accompli%m5ts1 k1 & adv5tures ( 8 gr&fa!r4 ,! obscurity ( _m passages 9 ! emp]or's manuscript seems to h1 9 a great measure1 ret>d$ ! completion ( ! "w4 ,!re is n[ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na a manuscript volume ( qu]ies respect+ ! d\btful passages 9 ! ,weiss ,kunig2 & z ea* _h ultimately to be ref]r$ to ! emp]or1 x w\ld seem t1 f ! pressure ( m important bus9ess & 8 increas$ age1 he _h want$ leisure & spirits to give ! necess>y explanations4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,ri*>d ,/re91 an em95t philolog]1 began a sort ( comm5t>y or exposition ( ! m difficult passages 9 ! ,wise ,k+2 & subsequ5tly 8 rem>ks came into ! h&s ( ,george ,*ri/oph] von ,s*all5b]g1 :o1 9 #afca1 _h ! good =tune to obta9 at ,vi5na impressions ( mo/ ( ! cuts :i* 7 int5d$ by ! emp]or to illu/rate ! "w1 toge!r ) sev]al ( ! orig9al draw+s4 ,treitzsaurwe9's manuscript1 :i* = _m ye>s _h be5 pres]v$ at ,ambras 9 ! ,tyrol1 hav+ be5 transf]r$ to ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na1 & ! orig9al blocks hav+ be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,jesuits' ,college at ,gratz 9 ,/iria1 ! text & cuts 7 pr9t$ toge!r1 = ! fir/ "t1 9 a folio volume1 at ,vi5na 9 #agge4,v-#fg ,footnote ,v-#fg3 ,! title ( ! volume is 8,d] ,weiss ,kunig4 ,e9e ,erzehlung von d5 ,?at5 ,kais] ,maximilian des ,er/54 ,von ,m>x ,treitzsaurwe9 auf dess5 ,angeb5 zusamm5 getrag51 neb/ von ,hanns5 ,burgmair dazu v]f]tigt5 ,holzs*nitt54 ,h]ausgeb5 aus dem ,manuscripte d] ,kais]l4 ,knigl4 ,h(biblio!k4 ,wi51 auf ,ko/5 ,joseph ,kurzbck5s1 #agge40 ,x is probable t ! great] "p1 if n all ! cuts1 7 f9i%$ previ\s to ! emp]or's dea?2 & impressions ( !m1 v likely tak5 %ortly aft] ! blocks 7 f9i%$1 7 kn[n to collectors long be=e ! publication ( ! book4 ,! late ,mr4 ,ottley _h sev5ty-sev5 ( ! s]ies1 app>5tly tak5 z pro(s by means ( a press4 ,! pap] on :i* ^! cuts are impress$ appe>s to h consi/$ ( fragm5ts1 on "o side ( :i* !re _h previ\sly be5 pr9t$ c]ta9 /ate pap]s ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 dat$ #aead4 ,!y 7 sold at ! sale ( ! late ,mr4 ,ottley's engrav+s 9 #ahch1 & are n[ 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,9 ! volume pr9t$ at ,vi5na 9 #agge1 !re are two hundr$ & ?irty-sev5,v-#fh l>ge cuts1 ( :i* numb] n9ety-two conta9 ,burgmair's m>k1 ,h4 ,b2 "o conta9s ,s*auffle9's m>k2 ano!r ! m>k ( ,hans ,spr+9klee2 & a ?ird1 a mod]n cut1 is m>k$ 8,f4 ,f4 ,s4 ,v4 #agge40 ,besides ! l>ge cuts1 all ( :i* are old except ! la/ notic$1 !re are a few wor?less tail-pieces ( mod]n execution1 "o ( :i*1 a nondescript bird1 has be5 copi$ by ,bewick1 & is to be f\nd at page #add ( ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,quadrup$s1 #agij4 ,footnote ,v-#fh3 ,9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na !re is a s]ies ( old impressions ( cuts int5d$ = 8,d] ,weiss ,kunig10 consi/+ ( two hundr$ & fifty pieces2 x w\ld !re=e appe>1 suppos+ ?is set to be p]fect1 t !re are f\rte5 ( ! orig9al blocks lo/4 ,:y a s+le mod]n cut has be5 admitt$ into ! book1 & ?irte5 ( ! old impressions n re-engrav$1 x p]haps w\ld be difficult to give a satisfactory reason4 ,! cuts 9 ! ,weiss ,kunig1 ) respect to ! /yle 9 :i* !y are design$1 be> consid]able resemblance to ^? 9 ,sir ,!urdank2 & f _! execution x is evid5t t !y h be5 cut by diff]5t engrav]s2 "s ( !m be+ execut$ 9 a v sup]ior mann]1 & o!rs af=d+ pro(s ( _! ei!r be+ cut by a novice or a v indiff]5t workman4 ,x has be5 said t all ^? :i* conta9 ! m>k ( ,hans ,burgmair %[ a decid$ sup]iority 9 po9t ( engrav+2 b ?is ass]tion is n correct1 = sev]al ( !m may be class$ ) ! wor/ execut$ 9 ! volume4 ,! unequal mann] 9 :i* ! cuts ) ,burgmair's m>k are execut$ is ) me an additional reason = believ+ t he only furni%$ ! designs = pr(essional wood engrav]s to execute1 & nev] engrav$ on wood himself4 ,x seems unnecess>y to give any specim5s ( ! cuts 9 ! ,weiss ,kunig1 z an idea ( _! /yle may be =m$ f ^? giv5 at pages #bhd & #bhe f ,sir ,!urdank2 & z o!r specim5s ( ,burgmair's tal5ts z a design] on wood w be giv5 subsequ5tly f ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian4 ,! foll[+ ab/ract ( ! titles ( a few ( ! *apt]s may p]haps af=d "s idea ( ! "w1 :ile !y prove t ! education ( ! emp]or embrac$ a wide circle1 =m+ almo/ a p]fect ,cyclopdia4 ,! fir/ fifte5 *apt]s give an acc\nt ( ! m>riage ( ! ,old ,wise ,k+1 ,fr$]ick ,,iii1 ! fa!r ( ,maximilian1 ) ,el5ora1 daught] ( ,alphonso ,v1 ,k+ ( ,portugal2 8 j\rney to ,rome & 8 coronation !re by ! pope2 ) ! bir?1 & *ri/5+ ( ,maximilian1 ! ,"y ,wise ,k+4 ,ab\t ?irty-five *apt]s1 f ,,xv4 to ,l41 are *iefly occupi$ ) an acc\nt ( ,maximilian's education4 ,aft] le>n+ to write1 he is in/ruct$ 9 ! lib]al arts2 & aft] "s "t devot$ to 8,politik10 or ,k+-craft1 he proce$s to ! /udy ( ! black-art1 a bran* ( k :i* ! emp]or subsequ5tly held to be va9 & ungodly4 ,he !n comm5ces ! /udy ( hi/ory1 devotes "s att5tion to m$ic9e & law1 & le>ns ! ,italian & ,bohemian languages4 ,he !n le>ns to pa9t2 /udies ! pr9ciples ( ar*itecture1 & tries 8 h& at c>p5try4 ,he next takes lessons 9 music2 & ab\t ! same "t acquires a practical k ( ! art ( cook]y3--! ,wise ,k+1 we are in=m$1 0 a p]son ( nice ta/e 9 kit*5 affairs1 & _h a prop] reli% = sav\ry & well-cook$ vi&s4 ,to ! accompli%m5t ( danc+ he adds a k ( numismatics2 &1 aft] mak+ himself acqua9t$ ) ! mode ( work+ m9es1 he le>ns to %oot ) ! h&-gun & ! cross-b[4 ,! *ase1 falconry1 angl+1 & f[l+ next occupy 8 att5tion2 & ab\t ! same "t he le>ns to f5ce1 to tilt1 & to manage ! great horse4 ,8 c\rse ( education appe>s to h be5 w\nd up ) practical lessons 9 ! art ( mak+ arm\r1 9 gunn]y1 & 9 =tification4 ,f ! fiftie? *apt] to ! conclusion1 ! book is *iefly fill$ ) acc\nts ( ! w>s & adv5tures ( ,maximilian1 :i* are = ! mo/ "p allegorically detail$1 & require ! read] to be well v]s$ 9 ! true hi/ory ( ! emp]or to be able to unriddle !m4 ,kttn] says t1 not)/&+ its allegories & enigmatical allusions1 ! ,weiss ,kunig is a "w :i* displays mu* m9d 9 ! conception & execution1 & consid]able =ce & elegance ( language2 & t x *iefly wants a m ord]ly arrangem5t ( ! ev5ts4 8,?r\gh\t ! :ole10 he adds1 8!re are evid5ces ( a se>*+ g5ius1 improv$ by sci5ce & a k ( ! affairs ( ! _w40,v-#fi ,footnote ,v-#fi3 ,*>akt]e ,teuts*] ,di*t] und ,prosai/51 ,s4 #gj4 ,! s]ies ( wood-cuts call$ ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian are1 bo? ) respect to design & engrav+1 ! be/ ( all ! works ?us execut$ by comm& ( ! emp]or to convey to po/]ity a pictorial repres5tation ( ! spl5d\r ( 8 c\rt1 8 victories1 & ! ext5t ( 8 possessions4 ,?is "w appe>s to h be5 comm5c$ ab\t ! same "t z ! ,weiss ,kunig2 & f ! subject1 a triumphal procession1 x 0 probably int5d$ to be ! la/ ( ! s]ies ( wood-cuts by :i* he 0 desir\s ( dissem9at+ an op9ion ( 8 p[] & 8 fame4 ,( ^? works he only liv$ to see "o publi%$1--! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank2 ! ,wise ,k+1 ! ,triumphal ,c>1 ! ,triumphal ,ar*1 & ! ,triumphal ,procession1 appe> to h be5 all unf9i%$ at ! "t ( 8 decease 9 #aeai4 ,! total numb] ( cuts conta9$ 9 ! latt] "w1 publi%$ "u ! title ( ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 9 #agif1 is "o hundr$ & ?irty-five2 b _h ! s]ies be5 f9i%$ accord+ to ! orig9al draw+s1 n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na1 ! :ole numb] ( ! cuts w\ld h be5 ab\t two hundr$ & eighte54 ,( ! hundr$ & ?irty-five publi%$ !re are ab\t sixte5 design$ 9 a /yle s diff]5t f ! re/1 t x is d\btful if !y belong to ! same s]ies2 & ?is suspicion receives fur!r confirmation f ! fact t ! subjects ( ^? sixte5 d\btful cuts are n to be f\nd among ! orig9al designs4 ,x w\ld !re=e seem1 t1 unless "s ( ! blocks h be5 lo/ or de/roy$1 little m ?an "o-half ( ! cuts int5d$ = ! ,triumphal ,procession 7 f9i%$ :5 ! emp]or's dea? put a /op to ! fur!r progress ( ! "w4 ,x is almo/ c]ta91 t none ( ! cuts 7 engrav$ aft] ! emp]or's dea?2 = ! date1 comm5c+ ) #aeaf1 is writt5 at ! back ( sev]al ( ! orig9al blocks1 & on no "o is x lat] ?an #aeai4 ,! plan ( ! ,triumphal ,procession1--consi/+ ( a description ( ! *>act]s to be introduc$1 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are to foll[ ea* o!r1 _! arms1 dress1 & appo9tm5ts1--appe>s to h be5 dictat$ by ! emp]or to 8 secret>y ,treitzsaurwe91 ! nom9al au?or ( ! ,weiss ,kunig1 9 #aeab4 ,9 ?is manuscript ! subjects = ! rhym+ inscriptions int5d$ = ! diff]5t bann]s & tablets are also not$ 9 prose4 ,ano!r manuscript1 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,treitzsaurwe91 & int]l9$ by ! emp]or himself1 conta9s ! inscriptions = ! bann]s & tablets 9 v]se2 & a ?ird manuscript1 writt5 aft] ! draw+s 7 f9i%$1 conta9s a description ( ! subjects1--?\gh n s mu* 9 detail z ! fir/1 & 9 "s p>ticul>s slightly diff]+1--) all ! inscriptions 9 v]se except eight4 ,f ^? manuscripts1 :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na1 ! descriptions 9 ! edition ( #agif h be5 transcrib$4 ,mo/ ( ! descriptions & v]ses 7 previ\sly giv5 by ,von ,murr1 9 #agge1 9 ! n9? volume ( 8 ,j\rnal4 ,! edition ( ! ,triumphal ,procession publi%$ 9 #agif also conta9s a ,fr5* translation ( ! descriptions1 ) numb]s ref]r+ to ^? pr9t$ at ! "r-h& corn] ( ! cuts4 ,! numb]s1 h[ev]1 ( ! description & ! cut 9 v _m in/ances d n agree2 & x w\ld almo/ seem1 f ! mann] 9 :i* ! text is pr9t$1 t ! publi%]s did n wi% to facilitate a comp>ison betwe5 ! description & ! cut :i* !y h numb]$ z correspond+ ) x4 ,! gross neglig5ce ( ! publi%]s1 or _! editor1 9 ?is respect mat]ially detracts f ! int]e/ ( ! "w4 ,to comp>e ! descriptions ) ! cuts is n only a "w ( "s tr\ble1 b x is also lab\r ?r[n away4 ,von ,murr's volume1 f its conv5i5t size1 is ( mu* great] use 9 comp>+ ! cuts ) ! description ?an ! text pr9t$ 9 ! edition ( #agif2 & ?\gh x conta9s no numb]s = ref]5ce1--z no complete collection ( ! cuts _h !n be5 pr9t$1--x conta9s no misdirections3 & x is bett] to h no guide-po/s ?an su* z only lead ! travell] wrong4 ,! orig9al draw+s = ! ,triumphal ,procession1--or z ! "w is usually call$1 ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1--are pres]v$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na4 ,!y are pa9t$ 9 wat] col\rs1 on a hundr$ & n9e %eets ( vellum1 ea* ?irty-f\r in*es long by tw5ty in*es high1 & conta9+ two ( ! engrav$ subjects4 ,dr4 ,dibd91 :o saw ! draw+s 9 #ahah1 says t !y are r gaudily execut$1 & t he pref]s ! engrav+s to ! orig9al pa9t+s4,v-#gj ,:e!r ^? pa9t+s are ! "w ( ,hans ,burgmair1 or n1 appe>s to be unc]ta94 ,f ! foll[+ extract f ! preface to ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 publi%$ 9 #agif1 x is evid5t t ! writ] did n ?9k t ! orig9al draw+s 7 execut$ by t arti/4 8,! engrav+s ( ?is ,triumph1 f> f be+ s]vile copies ( ! pa9t+s 9 m9iature1 diff] f !m entirely1 s f> z reg>ds ! mann] 9 :i* !y are design$4 ,mo/ all ! gr\ps h a diff]5t =m1 & almo/ e figure a diff]5t attitude2 consequ5tly ,hans ,burgmair appe>s 9 8 "w 9 ! "* ( au?or orig9al design]1 & s mu* ! m1 z he has 9 _m po9ts surpass$ 8 model4 ,b :atev] may be ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! engrav+s & ! draw+s on vellum1 ! subjects /ill s f> correspond t !y may be recognis$ )\t ! lea/ difficulty4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to except eighte5 ( ! engrav+s1 9 :i* ?is correspond5ce w\ld be s\ght = 9 va94 ,^? engrav+s are1 ! twelve f ,no4 #hi to #ajj1 & ! six f #acj to #ace40 ,z ! cuts appe> to h be5 int5tionally wrong numb]$1 x is n easy to det]m9e f ?is ref]5ce :i* are actually ! fir/ twelve allud$ to1 = 9 mo/ ( ! copies :i* ,i h se51 ! num]als #ia1 #ib1 & #ic occur twice1--?\gh ! subjects ( ! cuts are diff]5t4 ,9 ! copy n[ be=e me1 ,i h to obs]ve t !re are sixte5,v-#ga cuts design$ 9 a /yle s diff]5t f ^? :i* conta9 ,burgmair's m>k1 t ,i am conv9c$ !y h n be5 drawn by t arti/4 ,)\t enquir+ :e!r ! subjects are to be f\nd 9 ! pa9t+s or n1 ,i am satisfi$ t a consid]able numb] ( ! engrav+s1 besides ^? sixte51 7 n drawn on ! wood by ,hans ,burgmair4 ,bo? ,breitkopf & ,von ,murr,v-#gb h ass]t$ t ! draw+s = ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian 7 made by ,alb]t ,dur]1 b !y d n say :e!r !y mean ! draw+s on vellum1 or ! draw+s on ! blocks4 ,?is ass]tion is1 h[ev]1 made )\t any au?ority2 &1 :e!r !y meant ! draw+s on vellum or ! draw+s on ! block1 x is unque/ionably incorrect4 ,! draw+s on vellum are n by ,dur]1 & ( ! :ole hundr$ & ?irty-five cuts !re are n m ?an five or six t c be suppos$ ) any degree ( probability to h be5 ( 8 design+4 ,footnote ,v-#gj3 ,bibliographical ,t\r1 vol iii4 p4 #ccj4 ,footnote ,v-#ga3 ,! subjects ( ^? sixte5 cuts are *iefly ! /atues ( ! emp]or's ance/ors1 ) repres5tations ( himself1 & ( 8 family alliances4 ,sev]al ( ! c>riages are propell$ by me*anical contrivances1 :i* = labori\s +5uity may vie ) ! ma*9e = uncork+ bottles 9 "o ( ! subjects ( ,hog>?'s ,m>riage la ,mode4 ,9 ! copy be=e me ^? engrav+s are numb]$ #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ia1 #ib1 #ib1 #ic1 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #if1 #ig1 #ii1 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,footnote ,v-#gb3 ,breitkopf1 ,ueb] ,bibliographie und ,bibliophile1 ,s4 #d4 ,leipzig1 #agic4 ,von ,murr1 ,j\rnal1 #i;er ,!il1 ,s4 #a4 ,at page #bee ,i h said3 8,?\gh ,i h n be5 able to asc]ta9 satisfactorily ! subject ( ,dur]'s pa9t+ 9 ! ,t[n-hall ( ,nuremb]g1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t x is ! ,triumphal ,c> ( ,maximilian40 ,s9ce ! %eet conta9+ ! above passage 0 pr9t$ (f ,i h asc]ta9$ t ! subject is ! ,triumphal ,c>2 & t x is describ$ 9 ,von ,murr's ,nrnb]gis*5 ,m]kwrdigkeit51 ,s4 #cie4 ,=ty ( ! blocks f :i* ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian are pr9t$ 7 obta9$ f ,ambras 9 ! ,tyrol1 :]e !y _h probably be5 pres]v$ s9ce ! "t ( ! emp]or's dea?2 & ! o!r n9ety-five 7 discov]$ 9 ! ,jesuits' ,college at ,gratz 9 ,/iria4 ,! :ole 7 br\ght to ,vi5na & deposit$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y 9 #aggi4 ,a few pro(s _h probably be5 tak5 :5 ! blocks 7 engrav$2 !re are n9ety ( ^? old impressions 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y2 ,monsieur ,m>iette _h n9ety-sev52 & ,s&r>t _h se5 a hundr$4 ,! latt]1 9 speak+ ( ^? impressions1 expresses a suspicion ( ! orig9al blocks hav+ be5 de/roy$ 9 a fire at ,augsburg2 _! subsequ5t discov]y1 h[ev]1 at ,ambras & ,gratz1 %[s t 8 suspicion 0 n well f\nd$4 ,on ! discov]y ( ^? blocks x 0 suppos$ t ! rema9d] ( ! s]ies1 z describ$ 9 ! manuscript1 might also be /ill 9 exi/5ce2 b aft] a dilig5t se>* no m h be5 f\nd4 ,x is inde$ highly probable t ! fur!r progress ( ! "w _h be5 int]rupt$ by ,maximilian's dea?1 & t if any m ( ! s]ies 7 f9i%$1 ! numb] mu/ h be5 few4 ,ab\t #agge1 a few impressions 7 tak5 f ! blocks pres]v$ at ,ambras1 & also f ^? at ,gratz2 b no collection ( ! :ole accompani$ ) text 0 ev] pr9t$ until #agif1 :5 an edition 9 l>ge folio 0 pr9t$ at ,vi5na by p]mission ( ! ,au/rian gov]nm5t1 & ) ! "n ( ,j4 ,edw>ds1 !n a booksell] 9 ,pall-,mall1 on ! title-page1 z ! ,london publi%]4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t great] pa9s 7 n tak5 to af=d ! read] e in=mation t c\ld be obta9$ ) respect to ! cuts2 & x says v little = ! ,engli% publi%]'s patriotism t ! translation ( ! orig9al ,g]man descriptions %\ld be 9 ,fr5*2--b p]haps !re might be a reason = ?is1 =1 :]e no precise mean+ is to be convey$1 ,fr5* is c]ta9ly mu* bett] ?an ,engli%4 ,f ! fact ( sev]al ( ! subjects n be+ conta9$ 9 ! orig9al draw+s1 & f ! great diff]5ce 9 ! /yle ( _m ( ! cuts1 x is by no means c]ta9 t !y 7 all int5d$ = ! same "w4 ,!re c1 h[ev]1 be little d\bt ( _! all hav+ be5 design$ = a triumphal procession int5d$ to celebrate ! fame ( ,maximilian4 ,! orig9al blocks1 n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na1 are all ( pe>-tree1 & sev]al ( !m are p>tially worm-eat54 ,at ! back ( ^? blocks are writt5 or engrav$ sev5te5 names & initials1 :i* are suppos$1 ) great probability1 to be ^? ( ! engrav]s by :om !y 7 execut$4 ,at ! back ( ,no4 #ah1 :i* repres5ts five musicians 9 a c>1 !re is writt51 8,d] k]t an die ,ell&1--hat ,wilhelm ges*nitt530 t is1 8,?is foll[s ! ,elks4--,engrav$ by ,william40 ,9 ! prec$+ cut1 ,no4 #ag1 are ! two elks :i* draw ! c>1 & on "o ( ! traces is ,hans ,burgmair's m>k4 ,at ! back ( ,no4 #bj is writt51 8,job/ putavit1 #ad ,aprilis #aeag4 ,die geh]t an die bifel1 und die bifel halt ,jos ges*nitt540,v-#gc ,?is inscription ,mr4 ,ottley1 at page #gef1 volume ii4 ( 8 ,inquiry1 exp\nds z foll[s3 8,josse putavit 7p]haps = punctavit71 ! #ad? ( ,april1 #aeag4 ,?is block jo9s to t :i* repres5ts ! ,buffaloes40 ,?is translation is sub/antially correct2 b x is exce$+ly d\btful if putavit 0 writt5 9 mi/ake = punctavit4 ,! propos$ sub/itution inde$ seems v l expla9+ an ignotum p] ignotius4 ,! v]b punct>e is nev]1 t ,i am aw>e (1 us$ by any writ]1 ei!r classical or mod]n1 to express ! idea ( engrav+ on wood4 ,a ,g]man1 h[ev]1 :o 0 b imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) ,lat91 w\ld n be unlikely to translate ! ,g]man v]b s*neid51 :i* signifies to cut g5]ally1 by ! ,lat9 put>e1 :i* is specially appli$ to ! lopp+ or prun+ ( trees4 ,i h he>d x conjectur$ t putavit might h be5 us$ 9 ! s5se ( imag9avit1 z if ,job/ 7 ! design]2 b !re c be little d\bt ( its be+ "h int5d$ to express ! cutt+ ( ! wood-engrav]2 = ,burgmair's m>k is to be f\nd bo? on ?is cut & on ! prec$+ "o ( ! two buffaloes1 ,no4 #ai2 & x _c = a mom5t be suppos$ t he 0 a m]e workman employ$ to execute ! designs ( ano!r p]son4 ,7 su* a supposition grant$1 x w\ld foll[ t ! wood-engrav] ( t p]iod--at lea/ s f> z reg>ds ! "w 9 "q--0 consid]$ z a mu* sup]ior p]son to him :o drew ! designs2 t ! workman1 9 fact1 0 to be commemorat$1 b ! arti/ =gott52 a conclusion :i* is diametrically oppos$ to fact1 = s little 7 ! m]e wood-engrav]s ( t p]iod e/eem$1 t we only incid5tally become acqua9t$ ) _! names2 & f _! n putt+ _! m>ks or initials to ! cuts :i* !y engrav$ has aris5 ! popul> error t ,dur]1 ,crana*1 ,burgmair1 & o!rs1 :o are kn[n to h be5 pa9t]s ( great repute 9 _! day1 7 wood-engrav]s & execut$ !mselves ! wood-cuts :i* be> _! m>ks4 ,footnote ,v-#gc3 ,job/ & ,jos1 9 ?is inscription1 are probably int5d$ = ! "n ( ! same p]son4 ,= ! "n ,job/1 ,jo/1 ,josse1 or ,jos--= x is ?us v>i\sly spell$--we h no equival5t 9 ,engli%4 ,x is n unusual 9 ,g]many z a baptismal "n--x c sc>cely be call$ ,*ri/ian--& is ,lat9iz$1 ,i believe1 "u ! m l5g?y =m ( ,jodocus4 ,! foll[+ are ! names & initial lett]s at ! back ( ! blocks4 #a4 ,j]ome ,&r1 call$ also ,j]ome ,res*1 or ,rs*1 ! engrav] ( ! ,triumphal ,ar* design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]4 #b4 ,jan de ,bonn4 #c4 ,cornelius4 #d4 ,hans ,frank4 #e4 ,sa9t ,g]man4 #f4 ,wilhelm4 #g4 ,corneille ,liefr9k4 #h4 ,wilhelm ,liefr9k4 #i4 ,alexis ,l9dt4 #aj4 ,josse de ,negk]4 ,on sev]al ( ! blocks ,negk] is /yl$1 8engrav] on wood1 at ,augsburg40 #aa4 ,v9c5t ,pf>ke*]4 #ab4 ,jaques ,rupp4 #ac4 ,hans ,s*auffle94 #ad4 ,jan ,tab]i?4 #ae4 ,f4 ,p4 #af4 ,h4 ,f4 #ag4 ,w4 ,r4 ,x is n unlikely t 8,cornelius10 ,no4 #c1 may be ! same z ,corneille ,liefr9k1 ,no4 #g2 & t 8,wilhelm10 ,no4 #f1 & ,wilhelm ,liefr9k1 ,no4 #h1 may also be ! same p]son4 ,at ! back ( ! block :i* corresponds ) ! description numb]$ #abj1 ,hans ,s*auffle9's "n is f\nd c\pl$ ) t ( ,cornelius ,liefr9k2 & at ! back ( ! cut :i* corresponds ) ! description numb]$ #aba ,s*auffle9's "n occurs alone4,v-#gd ,! occurr5ce ( ,s*auffle9's "n at ! back ( ! cuts w\ld c]ta9ly seem to indicate t he 0 "o ( ! engrav]s2 b 8 "n also appe>+ at ! back ( t describ$ "u ,no4 #abj1 9 conjunction ) ! "n ( ,cornelius ,liefr9k1 :o 0 c]ta9ly a wood-engrav]1,v-#ge makes me incl9$ to suppose t he might only h made ! draw+ on ! block & n h engrav$ ! cut2 & ?is supposition seems to be p>tly confirm$ by ! fact t ! cuts :i* are numb]$ #ajd1 #aje1 & #ajf1 correspond+ ) ! descriptions ,nos4 #aai1 #abj1 & #aba1 h n ,hans ,burgmair's m>k1 & are mu* m l ! und\bt$ designs ( ,hans ,s*auffle9 ?an ^? ( t arti/4 ,t ! cuts publi%$ "u ! title ( ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian 7 n all drawn on ! block by ! same p]son w1 ,i ?9k1 appe> probable to any "o :o ev5 cursorily exam9es !m2 & :oev] c>efully comp>es !m c sc>cely h a d\bt on ! subject4 ,footnote ,v-#gd3 ,! pr9t$ numb]s on ^? two cuts are #aje & #ajf1 ?\gh ! descriptions are numb]$ #abj & #aba 9 ! text4 ,! subjects are1 ,no4 #aje1 two ranks1 ( five m5 ea*1 on foot1 c>ry+ long lances2 & ,no4 #ajf1 two ranks1 ( five m5 ea*1 on foot1 c>ry+ l>ge two-h&$ swords on _! %\ld]s4--,p]haps x may n be out ( place to correct "h ! foll[+ passage :i* occurs at page #bhe ( ?is volume3 8,b>ts*1 h[ev]1 obs]ves1 t #8:at ,/rutt has said ab\t !re be+ two p]sons ( ?is "n ,hans ,s*auffle91 an eld] & a y\ng]1 seems to be a m]e conjecture4'0 ,s9ce ! %eet conta9+ ?is passage 0 pr9t$ (f1 ,i h le>nt f a pap]1 9 ,meusel's ,neue ,miscellane51 #etes4 ,/ck1 ,s4 #baj1 t ,hans ,s*uffle9 _h a son ( ! same "n :o 0 also a pa9t]1 & t ! eld] ,s*uffle9 di$ at ,nordl+51 9 #aeci4 ,at page #bha1 8 dea?1 on ! au?ority ( ,b>ts*1 is errone\sly plac$ 9 #aeej4 ,footnote ,v-#ge3 ,! "n ( ,cornelius ,liefr9k occurs at ! back ( "s ( ! wood-cuts repres5t+ ! sa9ts ( ! family ( ,maximilian1 design$ by ,burgmair1 m5tion$ at page #bgh1 note4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,no4 #ae4 ,) ,burgmair's m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,no4 #fe4 ,app>5tly n drawn by ,burgmair4 ,almo/ e "o ( ! cuts t conta9s ,burgmair's m>k1 9 ! ,triumphal ,procession1 is design$ ) great _s1 & has evid5tly be5 drawn by an arti/ :o _h a ?or\gh comm& ( 8 p5cil4 ,8 horses are g5]ally /rong & heavy1 & ! m5 on _! backs ( a /\t & muscul> =m4 ,! action ( ! horses seems natural2 & ! indications ( ! jo9ts & ! draw+ ( ! ho(s--:i* are mo/ly l[ & broad--evid5tly %[ t ! arti/ _h paid "s att5tion to ! /ructure ( ! animal4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a consid]able numb] ( cuts :]e bo? m5 & horses appe> rem>kable = _! leanness2 & 9 :i* ! ho(s ( ! horses are mo/ incorrectly drawn1 & ! action ( ! animals repres5t$ 9 a mann] :i* is by no means natural4 ,?\gh x is n unlikely t ,hans ,burgmair 0 capable ( draw+ bo? a /\t1 heavy horse1 & a long-back$1 ?9-qu>t]$1 lean "o1 ,i _c p]suade myself t he w\ld1 9 almo/ e in/ance1 draw ! ho(s & legs ( ! "o correctly1 & ^? ( ! o!r ) great inaccuracy4 ,! cut on ! opposite page & ! five next foll[+1 ( s+le figures1 copi$ on a r$uc$ scale f ! ,triumphs1 w exemplify ! prec$+ obs]vations4 ,! numb]s are ^? pr9t$ on ! cuts1 & !y all1 except "o1 appe> to correspond ) ! ,fr5* descriptions 9 ! text4 ,! prec$+ cut is f t m>k$ ,no4 #ae4 ,! m>k ( ,hans ,burgmair is on ! ornam5tal brea/-plate1 z an ,engli% saddl] w\ld call x1 t passes across ! horse's *e/4 ,?is figure1 9 ! orig9al cut1 c>ries a tablet susp5d$ f a /aff1 ( :i* ! l[] "p only is p]ceiv$ 9 ! copy1 z x has n be5 ?\ght necess>y to give ! tablet & a l>ge scroll :i* 7 int5d$ to conta9 inscriptions4,v-#gf ,! description ( ! subject is to ! foll[+ effect3 8,aft] ! *ase1 comes a figure on horseback1 be>+ a tablet1 on :i* %all be writt5 ! five *>ges ( ! c\rt1--t is1 ( ! butl]1 ! cook1 ! b>b]1 ! tailor1 & ! %oemak]2 & ,eb]ba* %all be ! "u-m>%al ( ! h\sehold1 & c>ry ! tablet40 ,footnote ,v-#gf3 ,9 all ! blocks1 ! tablets & scrolls1 & ! upp] "p ( bann]s int5d$ to receive v]ses & inscriptions1 7 left un5grav$4 ,9 ord] t ! appe>ance ( ! cuts might n be injur$1 ! black gr\nd1 int5d$ = ! lett]s1 0 cut away 9 mo/ ( ! tablets & scrolls1 9 ! edition ( #agif4 ,! cut on page #bie is a r$uc$ copy ( a figure1 ! la/1 9 ,no4 #fe1 :i* is )\t ,burgmair's m>k4 ,9 ! orig9al ! horseman be>s a bann]1 hav+ on x ! arms ( ! /ate or city :i* he repres5ts2 & at ! top ( ! bann] a black space :]eon a "n or motto ought to h be5 engrav$4 ,! orig9al cut conta9s ?ree figures2 &1 if ! description c be reli$ on1 ! bann]s :i* !y be> are ^? ( ,frib\rg1 ,breg5tz1 & ,saulgau4 ,! o!r two horsem5 & _! /e$s 9 ,no4 #fe are /ill m unlike ^? 9 ! cuts :i* conta9 ,burgmair's m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,no4 #cc4 ,) ,burgmair's m>k4 ,! above cut is a r$uc$ copy ( a figure on horseback 9 ,no4 #cc4 ,burgmair's m>k1 an ,h & a ,b1 may be p]ceiv$ on ! trapp+s ( ! horse4 ,?is figure1 9 ! orig9al1 be>s a l>ge tablet1 & he is foll[$ by five m5 on foot c>ry+ flails1 ! sw+els,v-#gg ( :i* are ( lea!r4 ,! description ( ! cut1--:i* =ms ! fir/ ( sev5 repres5t+ ! dresses & arms ( combatants on foot1--is z foll[s3 8,!n %all come a p]son m\nt$ & prop]ly habit$ l a ma/] ( arms1 & he %all c>ry ! tablet conta9+ ! rhyme4 ,item1 ,hans ,hollyw>s %all be ! ma/] ( arms1 & 8 rhyme %all be ?is effect3 t he has pr(ess$ ! noble practice ( arms at ! c\rt1 accord+ to ! me?od devis$ by ! emp]or40,v-#gh ,footnote ,v-#gg3 ,t "p ( ! flail :i* comes 9 contact ) ! corn is1 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&1 t]m$ a sw+el4 ,footnote ,v-#gh3 ,! sub/ance ( almo/ e rhyme & inscription is1 t ! p]son :o be>s ! rhyme-tablet or scroll has d]iv$ great improvem5t 9 8 art or pr(ession f ! in/ructions or sugge/ions ( ! emp]or4 ,huntsm51 falcon]s1 trumpet]s1 organi/s1 f5c+-ma/]s1 ballet-ma/]s1 t\rni]s1 & j\/]s1 all ackn[l$ge _! obligations 9 ?is respect to ,maximilian4 ,= ! wit & hum\r ( ! je/]s & ! natural fools1 ! emp]or1 ) great =be>ance1 takes to himself no cr$it2 & ,an?ony von ,dorn/ett1 ! lead] ( ! drumm]s & fif]s1 is "o ( ! few ^: art he has n improv$4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( a figure 9 ! cut errone\sly numb]$ #hc1 b :i* corresponds ) ! description t ref]s to #hd4 ,?is figure is ! la/ ( ! ?ree1 :o1 9 ! orig9al1 are repres5t$ be>+ bann]s conta9+ ! arms ( ,mal9es1 ,sal9s & ,antw]p4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,no4 #hc4 ,app>5tly n drawn by ,burgmair4 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,no4 #bg4 ,) ,burgmair's m>k4 ,! foll[+ figure1 :o is giv5 ) 8 rhyme-tablet 9 full1 is copi$ f ! cut numb]$ #bg4 ,?is jovial-look+ p]sonage1 z we le>n f ! description1 is ! ,w ,som]s ( ,maximilian's c\rt1 & he figures z ! lead] ( ! pr(ess$ je/]s & ! natural fools1 :o appe> 9 all ages to h be5 ! subjects ( 8pleasant mir?40 ,! in/ructions to ! pa9t] are z foll[s3 8,!n %all come "o on horseback habit$ l a je/]1 & c>ry+ a rhyme-tablet = ! je/]s & natural fools2 & he %all be ,conrad von d] ,ros540 ,! fool's cap ) ! bell at ! peak1 d5ot+ 8 pr(ession1 is p]ceiv$ hang+ on 8 left %\ld]2 & on ! brea/-plate1 cross+ ! *e/ ( ! horse1 is ,burgmair's m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #gd4 ,app>5tly n drawn by ,burgmair4 ,! figure on page #bii ( a horseman1 be>+ ! bann] ( ,burgundy1 is f ! cut numb]$ #gd4 ,! draw+ bo? ( rid] & horse is extremely unlike ! /yle ( ,burgmair z display$ 9 ^? cuts :i* conta9 8 m>k4 ,burgmair's m5 are g5]ally /\t1 & _! attitudes free2 & !y all appe> to sit well on horseback4 ,! pres5t lean1 lanky figure1 :o rides a horse t seems admirably suit$ to him1 _c h be5 design$ by ,burgmair1 unless he 0 accu/om$ to design 9 two /yles :i* 7 ! v opposites ( ea* o!r2 ! "o di/+ui%$ by ! fre$om & ! boldness ( ! draw+1 ! /\tness ( ! m51 & ! bulky =m ( ! horses introduc$2 & ! o!r rem>kable = lab\r$ & /iff draw+1 gaunt & meagre m51 & leggy1 />v$-l cattle4 ,! :ole ( ! cuts f ,no4 #eg to ,no4 #hh1 inclusive1--repres5t+1 except ?ree1,v-#gi m5 on horseback be>+ ! bann]s ( ! k+doms & /ates ei!r possess$ or claim$ by ! emp]or1--are design$ 9 ! latt] /yle4 ,n only are ! m5 & horses repres5t$ accord+ to a diff]5t /&>d1 b ev5 ! v gr\nd is indicat$ 9 a diff]5t mann]2 x seems to ab\nd 9 fragm5ts ( /ones almo/ l a ,macadamiz$ road aft] a %[] ( ra94 ,!re is inde$ no lack ( /ones on ,burgmair's gr\nd1 b !y appe> m l r\nd$ pebbles1 & are n scatt]$ ab\t ) s lib]al a h& z 9 ! cuts allud$ to4 ,9 n "o ( ^? cuts :i* are s unlike ,burgmair's is ! m>k ( t arti/ to be f\nd2 & _! g5]al appe>ance is s unlike t ( ! cuts und\bt$ly design$ by him1 t any p]son 9 ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) works ( art w1 ev5 on a cursory exam9ation1 p]ceive ! /rongly m>k$ diff]5ce4 ,footnote ,v-#gi3 ,^? ?ree are ! numb]s #gg1 #gh1 #gi1 repres5t+ musicians on horseback4 ,! same p]son :o drew ! /&>d-be>]s has evid5tly drawn ^? ?ree cuts also4 ,! foll[+ cut is a r$uc$ copy ( t numb]$ #eg2 & :i* is ! fir/ ( ^? repres5t+ horsem5 be>+ ! bann]s ( ! sev]al k+doms1 /ates1 & cities subject to ! h\se ( ,au/ria or to :i* ,maximilian laid claim4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ gorge\s ( ! s]ies2 b1 f ! mann] 9 :i* ! horses & _! rid]s are repres5t$1 ,i feel conv9c$ t x has n be5 drawn by ,burgmair4 ,! subject is ?us describ$ 9 ! emp]or's directions prefix$ to ! volume3 8,"o on horseback be>+ ! bann] ( ! arms ( ,au/ria2 ano!r on horseback be>+ ! old ,au/rian arms2 ano!r also on horseback be>+ ! arms ( ,/iria40 ,on ! p>ts :i* are left black 9 ! bann]s x _h be5 int5d$ to ins]t inscriptions4 ,! in/ructions to ! pa9t] = ?is "p ( ! procession are to ! foll[+ effect3 8,"o on horseback be>+ on a lance a rhyme-tablet4 ,!n ! arms ( ! h]$it>y dom9ions ( ! h\se ( ,au/ria on bann]s1 ) _! %ields1 helms1 & cre/s1 borne by horsem52 & ! bann]s ( ^? c\ntries 9 :i* ! emp]or has c>ri$ on w> %all be borne by rid]s 9 arm\r2 & ! pa9t] %all v>y ! arm\r accord+ to ! old mann]4 ,! bann]s ( ^? c\ntries 9 :i* ! emp]or has n c>ri$ on w> %all be borne by horsem5 )\t arm\r1 b all spl5didly clo!d1 ea* accord+ to ! co/ume ( ! c\ntry he repres5ts4 ,e "o %all we> a laurel wrea?40 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #eg4 ,app>5tly n drawn by ,burgmair4 ,! cut on ! next page is copi$ f t numb]$ #ajg1 b :i* accords ) ! description ( ,no4 #abb4 ,! subject is describ$ by ! emp]or z foll[s3 8,!n %all come rid+ a man ( ,calicut1 nak$1 except 8 lo9s cov]$ ) a girdle1 be>+ a rhyme-tablet1 on :i* %all be inscrib$ ^! words1 #8,^! p are ! subjects ( ! fam\s cr[ns & h\ses h]et(ore nam$4'0 ,9 ?is cut ! m>k ( ,burgmair is p]ceiv$ on ! h>ness on ! brea/ ( ! elephant4 ,!re are two o!r cuts ( ,indians belong+ to ! same "p ( ! procession1 ea* ( :i* also conta9s ,burgmair's m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ajg4 ,) ,burgmair's m>k4 ,! cuts :i* 7 to foll[ ! ,indians & close ! procession 7 ! baggage-waggons & camp-foll[]s ( ! army4 ,( ^? !re are five cuts 9 ! "w publi%$ 9 #agif1 & x is evid5t t "s are want+1 = ! two :i* may be consid]$ z ! fir/ & la/ ( ^? five1 respectively require a prec$+ & a foll[+ cut to r5d] !m complete2 & !re are also "o or two cuts want+ to complete ! int]m$iate subjects4 ,^? cuts are ref]r$ to 9 ! ,fr5* description "u ,nos4 #abe to #abi1 b !y are numb]$ #abi1 #abh1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #abe4 ,! la/ ?ree1 z p>ts ( a l>ge subject1 foll[ ea* o!r z ! numb]s are "h plac$2 & ?\gh ! "r side ( ,no4 #aaj accords ) ! left ( ,no4 #abh1 inasmu* z !y ea* conta9 ! half ( a tree :i* appe>s complete :5 !y are jo9$ toge!r1 yet !re are no horses 9 ,no4 #abh to draw ! waggon :i* is se5 9 ,no4 #aaj4 ,! ord] ( ,nos4 #aaj1 #aaa1 & #abe1 is easily asc]ta9$2 a horse at ! left ( ,no4 #aaj wants a tail :i* is to be f\nd 9 ,no4 #aaa2 & ! outl9e ( a m\nta9 9 ! left ( ,no4 #aaa is cont9u$ 9 ! "r ( ,no4 #abe4 ,f ! back-gr\nds1 trees1 & figures 9 ^? cuts ,i am v mu* incl9$ to ?9k t !y h be5 engrav$ f designs by ,alb]t ,dur]1 if he did n actually draw !m on ! block himself4 ,!re is no m>k to be f\nd on any ( !m2 & !y are extremely unlike any cuts :i* are und\bt$ly ( ,burgmair's design+1 & !y are decid$ly sup]ior to any t are usually ascrib$ to ,hans ,s*auffle94 ,! foll[+1 :i* is a r$uc$ copy ( t numb]$ #aaj1 w p]haps af=d "s idea ( ^? cuts1 & enable p]sons :o are acqua9t$ ) ,dur]'s works to judge = !mselves ) respect to ! probability ( _! hav+ be5 engrav$ f 8 designs4 ,"o or two ( ! o!r f\r conta9 /ill m /rik+ resemblances ( ,dur]'s /yle4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #aaj4 ,probably drawn by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,besides ! twelve cuts :i*1 9 ! ,fr5* preface to ! ,triumphal ,procession ( ,maximilian1 are said n to correspond ) ! orig9al draw+s1 !re are also six o!rs :i* ! editor says are n to be f\nd 9 ! orig9al designs1 & :i* he consid]s to h be5 additions made to ! "w :ile x 0 9 ! c\rse ( engrav+4 ,^? six cuts are describ$ 9 an app5dix1 :]e _! numb]s are said to be f #acj to #ace4 ,9 ,no4 #acj ! pr9cipal figures are a k+ & que51 on horseback1 suppos$ to be int5d$ = ,philip ! ,fair1 son ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 & 8 wife ,joanna ( ,ca/ile4 ,?is cut is v indiff]5tly execut$1 & has evid5tly be5 design$ by ! arti/ :o made ! draw+s = ! que/ionable cuts conta9+ ! complicat$ locomotive c>riages1 m5tion$ at page #bij4 ,no4 #aca1 a pr9cess on horseback1 accompani$ by two female att5dants also on horseback1 & gu>ds on foot1 has evid5tly be5 design$ by ! same arti/ z ,no4 #acj4 ,^! two1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 belong to "s o!r "w4 ,nos4 #acb1 #acc1 & #acd1 are f ! designs ( ,hans ,burgmair1 ^: m>k is to be f\nd on ea*2 & !re c be little d\bt ( _! hav+ be5 int5d$ = ,maximilian's ,triumphal ,procession4 ,!y =m "o cont9u\s subject1 :i* repres5ts twelve m51 habit$ 9 v>i\s co/ume1 lead+ ! same numb] ( horses spl5didly cap>ison$4 ,a figure on horseback be>+ a rhyme-tablet leads ?is "p ( ! procession2 & above ! horses are l>ge scrolls probably int5d$ to conta9 _! names1 ) ^? ( ! c\ntries to :i* !y belong4 ,! cut on ! opposite page is a r$uc$ copy ( ! la/1 numb]$ #ace1 :i* is ?us describ$ 9 ! app5dix3 8,! =e "p ( a triumphal c>1 drawn by f\r horses yok$ abrea/1 & manag$ by a w+$ female figure :o holds 9 h] left h& a wrea? ( laurel40 ,!re is no m>k on ! orig9al cut2 b f ! mann] 9 :i* ! horses are drawn x seems l "o ( ,burgmair's design+4 ,t ! cuts ( ! ,triumphal ,procession ( ,maximilian 7 engrav$ by diff]5t p]sons is c]ta9 f ! names at _! backs2 & ,i ?9k ! diff]5ce t is to be p]ceiv$ 9 ! /yle ( draw+ r5d]s x 9 ! highe/ degree probable t ! subjects 7 design$1 or at lea/ drawn on ! wood1 by diff]5t arti/s4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ,burgmair drew v few besides ^? t conta9 8 m>k2 ! cuts ( ! bann]-be>]s ,i am p]suad$ are n ( 8 draw+2 a ?ird arti/1 ( inf]ior tal5t1 seems to h made ! draw+s ( ! fanciful c>s conta9+ ! emp]or & 8 family2 & ! five cuts ( ! baggage-waggons & camp foll[]s1 appe>1 z ,i h already said1 extremely l ! designs ( ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,! be/ engrav$ cuts are to be f\nd among ^? :i* conta9 ,burgmair's m>k4 ,"s ( ! bann]-be>]s are also v ably execut$1 ?\gh n 9 s free or bold a mann]2 :i* ,i conceive to be ow+ to ! m lab\r$ /yle 9 :i* ! subject has be5 drawn on ! block4 ,! me*anical subjects1 ) _! accompany+ figures1 are ! wor/ engrav$ z well z ! wor/ drawn ( ! :ole4 ,! five cuts :i* ,i suppose to h be5 design$ by ,alb]t ,dur] are engrav$ ) great _s1 b n s well z ! be/ ( ^? :i* conta9 ! m>k ( ,burgmair4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #ace4 ,app>5tly design$ by ,burgmair4 ,?\gh !re are /ill 9 exi/5ce upw>ds ( a hundr$ ( ! orig9al blocks design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 & upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ design$ by ! mo/ em95t ( 8 contempor>ies1 yet a p]son :o pr(esses to be an in/ructor ( ! public on subjects ( art made ! foll[+ /atem5t be=e ! ,select ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ,arts & _! ,connexion ) ,manufactures1 appo9t$ 9 #ahce4 ,he is ask$1 8,d y consid] t ! progress ( ! arts 9 ?is c\ntry is imp$$ by ! want ( protection = new inv5tions ( importance80 & he proce$s to enlight5 ! committee z foll[s4 8,v mu* imp$$4 ,inv5tions connect$ ) ! arts ( design1 ( new in/rum5ts1 or new processes1 = example1 are1 f ! ease ) :i* !y c be pirat$1 m difficult ( protection ?an any o!r inv5tions :atev]4 ,su* protection z ! exi/+ laws af=d is q inadequate4 ,i _c bett] illu/rate my mean+1 ?an by m5tion+ ! case ( engrav+ 9 metallic relief1 an art :i* is suppos$ to h exi/$ ?ree or f\r c5turies ago2 & ! re-discov]y ( :i* has long be5 a desid]atum among arti/s4 ,alb]t ,dur]1 :o 0 bo? a pa9t] & engrav]1 c]ta9ly possess$ ?is art1 t is to say1 ! art ( transf]r+ 8 designs1 aft] !y _h be5 sket*$ on pap]1 imm$iately into metallic relief1 s t !y might be pr9t$ along ) lett]-press4 ,at pres5t1 ! only sort ( engrav+s y c pr9t along ) lett]-press are wood engrav+s1 or /]eotype ca/s f wood engrav+s2 & !n ^? engrav+s are b copies1 & (t5 v rude copies1 ( _! orig9als2 :ile1 9 ! case ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 x is ,,q ,,cle> t x 0 8 own id5tical designs t 7 transf]r$ into ! metallic relief4 ,wood engrav+s1 too1 are limit$ 9 po9t ( size1 because !y c only be execut$ on box-wood1 ! wid? ( :i* is v small2 9 fact1 we h no wood engrav+s on a s+le block ( a l>g] size ?an octavo3 :5 ! engrav+ is l>g]1 two or ?ree blocks are jo9$ toge!r2 b ?is is att5d$ ) s mu* difficulty & inconv5i5ce1 t x is seldom done4 ,f ! specim5s ( metallic relief engrav+1 left u by ,alb]t ,dur]1 !re is e reason to inf] t he 0 "u no su* limitation2 t he c\ld produce plates ( any size40,v-#hj ,?is /atem5t ab\nds 9 errors1 & may ju/ify a suspicion t ! p]son :o made x _h nev] se5 ! cuts design$ by ,alb]t ,dur] :i* he pret5ds 7 execut$ 9 8metallic relief40 ,at ! comm5cem5t he says t ! art ( engrav+ 9 metallic relief is suppos$ to h exi/$ ?ree or f\r c5turies ago2 & imm$iately aft]w>ds he ass]ts t ,alb]t ,dur] 8c]ta9ly possess$ ?is art20 z if by 8 m]e ^w he c\ld conv]t a gr\ndless fiction into a positive fact4 ,:5 he made ?is confid5t ass]tion he seems n to h be5 aw>e t _m ( ! orig9al pe>-tree blocks ( ! cuts pret5d$ly execut$ 9 metallic relief are /ill 9 exi/5ce2 & :51 speak+ ( ! difficulty ( gett+ blocks ( a l>g] size ?an an octavo1 he says1 8,f ! specim5s ( metallic relief engrav+1 left u by ,alb]t ,dur]1 !re is e reason to inf] t he 0 "u no su* limitation1--t he c\ld produce plates ( any size10 he af=ds a positive pro( t he kn[s no?+ ( ! subject on :i* he has spok5 s confid5tly4 ,_h he ev] exam9$ ! l>ge cuts engrav$ f ,dur]'s designs1 he w\ld h se51 9 sev]al1 und5iable m>ks ( ! junction ( ! blocks1 prov+ directly ! rev]se ( :at he ass]ts on ?is po9t4 ,:at he says ) respect to ! mod]n practice ( ! art is z incorrect z 8 ass]tions ab\t ,alb]t ,dur]'s engrav+ 9 metallic relief4 ,?\gh x is true t !re are few mod]n engrav+s on box-wood ( a l>g] size ?an octavo1 x is n true t ! =m+ ( a l>ge block ( two or m pieces is att5d$ ) mu* difficulty1 & is seldom done4 ,! mak+ ( su* blocks is n[ a regul> trade2 !y are =m$ )\t ! lea/ difficulty1 & hundr$s ( cuts on su* blocks are engrav$ 9 ,london e ye>4,v-#ha ,:5 he says t wood engrav+s 8c only be made on box-wood10 he gives ano!r pro( ( 8 ignorance ( ! subject4 ,mo/ ( ! e>li] wood engrav+s 7 execut$ on blocks ( pe>-tree or crab2 & ev5 at ! pres5t "t box-wood is seldom us$ = ! l>ge cuts on po/+-bills4 ,9 %ort1 e /atem5t t ?is p]son has made on ! subject ( wood & pret5d$ metallic relief engrav+ is incorrect2 & x is r surpris+ t none ( ! memb]s ( ! committee %\ld h expos$ 8 ignorance4 ,:5 su* p]sons put !mselves =w>d z ! in/ructors ( me*anics on ! subject ( art1 x _c be a matt] ( surprise t 9 ! arts z appli$ to manufactures we %\ld be inf]ior to our cont95tal neighb\rs4 ,footnote ,v-#hj3 ,m9utes ( ,evid5ce be=e ! ,select ,committee on ,arts & ,manufactures1 p4 #acj4 ,ord]$ to be pr9t$1 #af? ,augu/ #ahcf4 ,footnote ,v-#ha3 ,among ! pr9cipal mod]n wood-cuts engrav$ on blocks consi/+ ( sev]al pieces ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 ,! ,*ill+ham ,bull1 by ,?omas ,bewick1 #aghi2 ,a view ( ,/4 ,ni*olas' ,*ur*1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 by ,*>lton ,nesbit1 f a draw+ by ,r4 ,johnson1 #agih2 ,! ,diploma ( ! ,highl& ,society1 by ,luke ,cl5nell1 f a design by ,b4 ,we/1 ,p4,r4,a4 #ahjh2 ,! ,dea? ( ,d5tatus1 by ,william ,h>vey1 f a pa9t+ by ,b4 ,r4 ,haydon1 #ahba2 & ,! ,old ,horse wait+ = ,dea?1 left unf9i%$1 by ,t4 ,bewick1 & publi%$ 9 #ahcb4 ,! art ( imitat+ draw+s--call$ *i>o-scuro--by means ( impressions f two or m blocks1 0 cultivat$ ) great success 9 ,italy by ,ugo da ,c>pi ab\t #aeah4 ,! inv5tion ( ?is art1 z has be5 previ\sly rem>k$1 is ascrib$ to him by "s writ]s1 b )\t any suffici5t gr\nds2 = n ev5 ! slighte/ evid5ce has be5 produc$ by !m to %[ t he1 or any o!r ,italian arti/1 _h execut$ a s+le cut 9 ?is mann] previ\s to #aeji1 ! date ( a *i>o-scuro wood engrav+ f a design by ,lucas ,crana*4 ,?\gh x is highly probable t ,ugo da ,c>pi 0 n ! inv5tor ( ?is art1 x is c]ta9 t he greatly improv$ x4 ,! *i>o-scuros execut$ by him are n only sup]ior to ^? ( ! ,g]man arti/s1 :o mo/ likely prec$$ him 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( wood engrav+1 b to ! pres5t "t !y rema9 unsurpass$4 ,9 ! pres5t day ,mr4 ,george ,baxt] has attempt$ to ext5d ! b\nd>ies ( ?is art by call+ 9 ! aid ( aquat9t = 8 outl9es & fir/ gr\nd1 & by copy+ ! positive col\rs ( an oil or wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,mo/ ( ,ugo da ,c>pi's *i>o-scuros are f ,raffaele's designs1 & x is said t ! great pa9t] himself drew "s ( ! subjects on ! blocks4 ,indep5d5t ( ! excell5ce ( ! designs1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ,da ,c>pi's *i>o-scuros are _! effect & ! simplicity ( _! execution2 = all ( !m1 except "o or two1 appe> to h be5 produc$ f n m ?an ?ree blocks4 ,! foll[+ may be m5tion$ z ! pr9cipal ( ,da ,c>pi's works 9 ?is /yle4 ,a ,sibyl read+ ) a boy hold+ a tor*1 f two blocks1 said by ,vas>i to be ! arti/'s fir/ attempt 9 ?is /yle2 ,jacob's ,dream2 ,david cutt+ (f ! head ( ,goliah2 ! ,dea? ( ,ananias2 ,giv+ ! ,keys to ,pet]2 ! miracul\s ,draught ( ,fi%es2 ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross2 ! ,resurrection2 & neas c>ry+ away 8 fa!r ,an*ises on 8 %\ld]s f ! fire ( ,troy2,v-#hb all ! prec$+ f ! designs ( ,raffaele4 ,among ! subjects design$ by o!r ma/]s are ,/4 ,pet] prea*+1 aft] ,polidoro2 & ,diog5es %[+ ! pluck$ cock 9 ridicule ( ,plato's def9ition ( man1 8a two-legg$ animal )\t fea!rs10 aft] ,p>megiano4 ,! latt]1 :i* is rem>kably bold & spirit$1 is f f\r blocks2 & ,vas>i says t x is ! be/ ( all ,da ,c>pi's *i>o-scuros4 ,_m ( ,da ,c>pi's productions 9 ?is /yle 7 copi$ by ,&rea ,&reani ( ,milan1 ab\t #aehj4 ,t ( neas c>ry+ 8 fa!r on 8 %\ld]s 0 copi$ by ,edw>d ,kirkall1 an ,engli% engrav] 9 #agbb4 ,kirkall's copy is n entirely f wood-blocks1 l ! orig9al2 ! outl9es & ! great] "p ( ! %ad[s are f a copp]-plate engrav$ 9 mezzot9t1 9 a mann] simil> to t :i* has m rec5tly be5 adopt$ by ,mr4 ,baxt] 9 8 picture-pr9t+4 ,footnote ,v-#hb3 ,at ! foot ( ?is cut1 to ! "r1 aft] ! "n ( ! design]1--8,,raphael ,,urb9as10--is ! foll[+ privilege1 grant$ by ,pope ,leo ,x4 & ! ,doge ( ,v5ice1 prohibit+ all p]sons f pirat+ ! "w4 8,,quisque ,,has ,,tabellas ,,invito ,,autore ,,imprimet ,,ex ,,divi ,,leonis ,x4 ,,et ,,il,l ,,pr9cipis ,,v5eti>um ,,decretis ,,excom9icationis ,,s5t5tiam ,,et ,,alias ,,p5as ,,incurret40 ,bel[ ?is inscription is ! engrav]'s "n ) ! date3 8,rom apud ,ugum de ,c>pi impressum4 ,,mdxviii40 ,lucas ,dammetz1 g5]ally call$ ,lucas van ,leyd51 f ! place ( 8 bir?1 0 an excell5t engrav] on copp]1 & 9 ?is bran* ( art m ne>ly approa*$ ,dur] ?an any o!r ( 8 ,g]man or ,flemi% contempor>ies4 ,he is said to h be5 born at ,leyd5 9 #adif2 &1 if ?is date be correct1 he at a v e>ly age gave decid$ pro(s ( 8 tal5ts z an engrav] on copp]4 ,"o ( 8 e>lie/ pr9ts1 ! monk ,s]gius kill$ by ,mahomet1 is dat$ #aejh1 :5 he 0 only f\rte5 ye>s ( age2 & at ! age ( twelve he is said to h pa9t$1 9 di/emp]1 a picture ( ,/4 ,hub]t :i* excit$ ! admiration ( all ! arti/s ( ! "t4 ,( 8 num]\s copp]-plate engrav+s !re are no less ?an tw5ty-"o :i*1 ?\gh !y conta9 no date1 are suppos$ to h be5 execut$ previ\sly to #aejh4 ,z sev]al ( ^? plates are ( v consid]able m]it1 x w\ld appe> t ,lucas :ile yet a boy excell$1 z a copp]-plate engrav]1 mo/ ( 8 ,g]man & ,dut* contempor>ies4 ,f #aejh to #aecc1 ! ye> ( 8 dea?1 he appe>s to h engrav$ n less ?an two hundr$ copp]-plates2 &1 z if ^! 7 n suffici5t to occupy 8 "t1 he 9 ! same p]iod pa9t$ sev]al pictures1 "s ( :i* 7 ( l>ge size4 ,he is also said to h excell$ z a pa9t] on glass2 & l ,dur]1 ,crana*1 & ,burgmair1 he is rank$ among ! wood engrav]s ( t p]iod4 ,! wood-cuts :i* conta9 ! m>k ( ,lucas van ,leyd51 or :i* are usually ascrib$ to him1 are n num]\s2 &1 ev5 admitt+ !m to h be5 engrav$ by himself1 ! fact w\ld contribute b little to 8 fame1 = ,i h n se5 "o :i* might n h be5 execut$ by a pr(essional 8=ms*neid]0 ( v mod]ate abilities4 ,! total ( ! wood-cuts suppos$ to h be5 engrav$ by him does n exce$ tw5ty4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( a wood-cut ascrib$ to ,lucas van ,leyd51 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 b :i* is n 9 ,b>ts*'s ,catalogue1 nor 9 ! li/ ( ,lucas van ,leyd5's engrav+s 9 ,meusel's ,neue ,miscellane54 ,?\gh ,i v mu* "q if ! orig9al cut 7 engrav$ by ,lucas himself1 ,i h no d\bt ( its be+ f 8 design4 ,x repres5ts ! dea? ( ,sis]a2 &1 ) a noble contempt ( ! unity ( "t1 ,jael is se5 giv+ ,sis]a a dr9k ( milk1 driv+ ! nail into 8 head1 & !n %[+ ! body1--) h]self 9 ! act ( driv+ ! nail1--to ,b>ak & 8 foll[]s3 ! absurdity ( ?is ?reefold action has p]haps nev] be5 surpass$ 9 any cut anci5t or mod]n4 ,sir ,boyle ,roa* said t x 0 impossible = any p]son1 except a bird or a fi%1 to be 9 two places at once2 b "h we h a pictorial repres5tation ( a female be+ 9 no less ?an ?ree2 & 9 "o ( ! localities actually po9t+ out to c]ta9 p]sons h[ %e 0 !n employ$ 9 ano!r4 ,illu/ration ,he9ek51 9 8 acc\nt ( engrav]s ( ! ,flemi% s*ool1 has ei!r committ$ an egregi\s mi/ake1 or express$ himself ) int5tional ambiguity ) respect to a wood-cut pr9t$ at ,antw]p1 & :i* he saw 9 ! collections ( ! ,abb de ,m>olles4 ,8 notice ( ?is cut is z foll[s3 8,i f\nd 9 ! collections ( ! ,abb de ,m>olles1 9 ! cab9et ( ! ,k+ ( ,france1 a deta*$ piece1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is ! mo/ anci5t ( ! wood engrav+s execut$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries :i* be> ! "n ( ! arti/4 ,?is cut is m>k$1 ,ghepr9t t' ,antw]p5 by my ,phill]y de figursnid]--,pr9t$ at ,antw]p1 by me ,phill]y1 ! engrav] ( figures4 ,x s]ves z a pro( t ! engrav]s ( m\lds 71 at ,antw]p1 9 t anci5t "t1 also pr9t]s40,v-#hc ,footnote ,v-#hc3 8,j'ai tr\v dans les ,recueils de l',abb de ,m>olles1 au ,cab9et du ,roi de ,france1 une piece dta*e1 qui1 suivant mon s5tim5t1 e/ la plus anci5ne de celles1 qui sont graves en bois dans les ,pas-,bas1 et qui port5t le nom de l'arti/e4 ,cette e/ampe e/ m>que3 ,ghepr9t t' ,antw]p5 by my ,phill]y de figursnid]--,imprim ,anv]s1 *ez moi ,phill]y1 le graveur de figures4 ,elle s]t de preuve1 que les graveurs de m\les toi5t aussi1 dans cet anci5 tems1 imprimeurs ,anv]s40--,ide ,gnrale d'une ,collection complette d',e/ampes1 p4 #aig4 ,9 ?is vague & ambigu\s acc\nt1 ! writ] gives u no idea ( ! p]iod to :i* he ref]s 9 ! words 8cet anci5 tems40 ,if he means ! "t betwe5 ! pret5d$ inv5tion ( ,co/]1 & ! p]iod :5 typography 0 probably fir/ practis$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1--t is1 f ab\t #adcj to #adgb1--;he is wrong1 & 8 /atem5t w\ld af=d gr\nd = a presumption t he _h ei!r exam9$ ! cut v c>elessly1 or t he 0 s sup]ficially acqua9t$ ) ! progressive improvem5t ( ! art ( wood engrav+ z to mi/ake a cut ab\nd+ 9 cross-hat*+1 & c]ta9ly execut$ subsequ5t to #aebd1 = "o t _h be5 execut$ ab\t sev5ty ye>s previ\sly1 :5 cross-hat*+ 0 nev] attempt$1 & :5 ! co/ume 0 z diff]5t f t ( ! figures repres5t$ 9 ! cut z ! co/ume ( ,v&yke's portraits is dissimil> to ,hog>?'s4 ,! words 8graveurs de m\les10 ,i h translat$ lit]ally 8engrav]s ( m\lds10 = ,i _c conceive :at else ,he9ek5 c mean2 b ?is expression is sc>cely w>rant$ by ! ^w 8figu]snid]0 on ! cut1 :i* is almo/ ! same z ! ,g]man 8=ms*neid]20 & :atev] might be ! orig9al mean+ ( ! ^w1 x 0 c]ta9ly us$ to express m]ely a wood engrav]4 ,compil]s ( ,hi/ories ( ,art1 & ,diction>ies ( ,pa9t]s & ,engrav]s1 :o usually foll[ _! lead]1 ev5 9 8 slips1 z regul>ly z a flock ( %eep foll[ ! bell-we!r ?r\gh a gap1 h dissem9at$ ,he9ek5's mi/ake1 & ! antiquity ( 8,phill]y's0 wood-engrav+ is ab\t z firmly e/abli%$ z ,lawr5ce ,co/]'s inv5tion ( typography4 ,"o ( ^? 8/raight=w>d0 p has inde$ gone r beyond 8 au?ority2 = 9 a 8,diction>y ( ! ,f9e ,arts10 publi%$ 9 #ahbf1 we are expressly in=m$ t 8,phill]y1 :o liv$ ne> ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 0 ! fir/ engrav] on wood :o practis$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s40,v-#hd ,x is ?us t error on ! subject ( art1 & inde$ on e o!r subject1 is propagat$3 a writ] ( reputation makes an incorrect or an ambigu\s /atem5t2 o!r writ]s adopt x )\t exam9ation1 & n unfrequ5tly "o ( t class ^: confid5ce 9 decid+ on a "q is 9 ! inv]se ratio ( _! k ( ! subject1 proce$s beyond 8 orig9al au?ority1 & decl>es t to be c]ta9 :i* previ\sly _h only be5 d\btfully or obscurely express$4 ,9 ,he9ek5's notice ( ?is cut !re is an impli$ qualification "u :i* he might scre5 himself f a *>ge ( incorrectness ) respect to ! "t ( its execution1 ?\gh n f a *>ge ( ambiguity4 ,he says t1 9 8 op9ion1 x is 8! mo/ anci5t ( ! wood engrav+s execut$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries :i* be> ! "n ( ! arti/20 & ) ?is limitation 8 op9ion may be correct1 al?\gh ! cut 7 only engrav$ 9 #aebe or #aebf2 = ,i am n aw>e ( any wood engrav+ ( an e>li] date1 execut$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 t conta9s ! "n ( ! arti/1 ?\gh !re are sev]al :i* conta9 ! arti/'s m>k4 ,x also may be argu$ t ! words 8cet anci5 tems0 might be ab\t z correctly appli$ to designate ! ye> #aebe z #adgj3 if1 h[ev]1 he meant ! fir/ ( ^? dates1 he has express$ himself 9 an equivocal mann]1 = he is g5]ally und]/ood to ref] ! cut to a consid]ably e>li] p]iod4 ,x has be5 inde$ conjectur$ t ,he9ek51 9 speak+ ( ?is cut1 might int5tionally express himself obscurely1 9 ord] t he might n give (f5ce to 8 fri5d ,monsieur ,m>iette1 :o is said to h consid]$ x to be "o ( ! e>lie/ specim5s ( wood engrav+s execut$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 )\t any suffici5t reason1 m]ely %ift+ ! *>ge ( ignorance1 ) respect to ! diff]5ce ( /yle 9 wood engrav+s ( diff]5t p]iods1 f ,he9ek5 to ,monsieur ,m>iette4 ,z !re is no evid5ce to %[ t ! latt] ev] express$ any su* op9ion z t ascrib$ to him respect+ ! antiquity ( ! cut 9 "q1 ,he9ek5 alone is answ]able = ! acc\nt conta9$ 9 8 book4 ,impressions ( ! cut by 8,phill]y0 are n ( v great r>ity2 !re are two 9 ! ,pr9t ,room at ! ,briti% ,museum1 & f "o ( !m ! r$uc$ copy 9 ! foll[+ page has be5 c>efully made4 ,footnote ,v-#hd3 ,9 a "w ( a simil> k9d1 & ( equal au?ority1 publi%$ 9 #ahcd1 we are in=m$ t ,ugo da ,c>pi 0 a hi/orical pa9t]1 & t he di$ 9 #aejj4 ,he 0 only born 9 #adhf4 ,illu/ration ,any p]son1 h[ev]1 slightly acqua9t$ ) ! progress ( wood engrav+ c\ld sc>cely fail to pron\nce t ! orig9al ( ?is cut mu/ h be5 execut$ subsequ5t to #aejj1 & 9 all probability subsequ5t to ! cuts ( ! ,triumphal ,procession ( ,maximilian1 to ! g5]al /yle ( :i*1 s f> z relates to ! mann] ( engrav+1 x be>s consid]able resemblance4 ,! co/ume ( ! figures1 too1 also proves t x does n belong to ! fifte5? c5tury2 & on c>efully exam9+ ! inscription1 a p]son accu/om$ to ! old ,g]man or ,dut* *>act]s w\ld be m likely to read 8,willem0 ?an 8,phill]y0 z ! "n ( ! arti/4 ,to "o ( ! impressions 9 ! ,briti% ,museum a =m] own]1 aft] extract+ ,he9ek5's acc\nt1 has app5d$ ! foll[+ rem>k3 8,?is is ! pr9t above describ$4 ,!re seems to be an inconsid]able mi/ake 9 ! "n1 :i* ,i take to be ,d'vill]y40 ,x is to be obs]v$ t 9 ! orig9al1 z 9 ! prec$+ copy1 ! inscription is engrav$ on wood1 & n set up 9 type2 & t consequ5tly ! fir/ "* ( ! d\btful "n is r indi/9ct4 ,x is h[ev] mo/ probably a ,w2 & ! la/ is c]ta9ly an m1 ) a fl\ri% at its tail4 ,! int]m$iate lett]s ille are pla9 en\gh1 & if ! fir/ be suppos$ to be a ,w1 & ! la/ an m1 we h ! "n ,willem1--a v probable pr5om5 = a ,dut* wood engrav] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! inscription :5 c>efully exam9$ is lit]ally z foll[s3 8,ghepr9t ,tantw]p5 ,bij mij ,willem de ,figu]snid]40 ,he9ek5's mi/ake ( ,phill]y = ,willem1 or ,william1 & ?us giv+ a h]et(ore unhe>d-( "n to ! li/ ( arti/s1 is n unlike t ( ,scopoli ! naturali/1 :o1 9 "o ( 8 works1 has commemorat$ 8,horace ,head0 z a ,london booksell]4,v-#he ,illu/ration ,footnote ,v-#he3 ,! sign ( ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,:ite1 =m]ly a booksell] 9 ,fleet ,/reet1 0 ,horace's ,head4 ,9 ,scopoli's ,delici1 ,flora1 et ,fauna ,insubri1 plate #bd is ?us inscrib$3 8,auspiciis ,b5jam9i ,:ite et ,horatii ,head1 ,bibliopol4 ,lond95sium40 ,! le>n$ naturali/ _h mi/ak5 ,mr4 ,:ite's sign = 8 p>tn] 9 ! bus9ess4 ,?\gh ! cut :i* be>s ! "n ( ! suppos$ 8,phill]y0 conta9s int]nal evid5ce ( its n hav+ be5 engrav$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 !re is yet fur!r reason to believe t x is m]ely a copy ( "p ( a cut ( ! same size by a ,swiss arti/ ( ! "n ( ,urse ,graff1 :i* is dat$ #aebd4 ,!re is an impression ( ,urse ,graff's cut ,v-#hf 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum2 9 ! =e-gr\nd are ! figures :i* h obvi\sly be5 copi$ by ,willem de ,figu]snid]1 alias ,phill]y1 & imm$iately beh9d ! middle figure1 :o holds 9 8 "r h& a l>ge ,swiss espadon1 is a leafless tree ) a figure ( ,dea? cl++ to ! upp] "p ( ! trunk1 & po9t+ to a h\r-glass :i* he holds 9 8 left h&4 ,a bird1 probably int5d$ = a rav51 is p]*$ above ! h\r-glass2 & on ! trunk ( ! tree1 ne> to ! figure ( ,dea?1 is ,urse ,graff's m>k ) ! date z is "h giv54 ,! back-gr\nd pres5ts a view ( a lake1 ) build+s & m\nta9s on ! left4 ,! g5]al "* ( ,urse ,graff's subject is ,swiss1 bo? 9 ! sc5]y & figures2 & ! p]fect id5tity ( ! latt] ) ^? 9 ! cut 8pr9t$ at ,antw]p by ,william ! figure-cutt]0 proves1 beyond ! possibility ( a d\bt1 t "o ( ^? two arti/s has copi$ ! "w ( ! o!r4 ,urse ,graff's subject1 h[ev]1 is complete1 & corresponds bo? 9 ! l&scape & 9 ! co/ume ( ! figures ) ! c\ntry ( ! arti/2 :ile ! cut ( ,william ( ,antw]p repres5ts m]ely an unreliev$ gr\p ( figures 9 ! co/ume ( ,switz]l&4 ,urse ,graff 0 an arti/ ( reputation 9 8 "t2 ( 8,willem10 :o 0 probably only an engrav] ( ! designs ( o!rs1 no?+ m is kn[n beyond :at is af=d$ by ! s+le cut 9 "q4 ,f ^! circum/ances1 ?\gh x _c be positively decid$ :i* ( ^? cuts is ! orig9al1 x is almo/ morally c]ta9 t ! ,flemi% figure-cutt] has copi$ ! "w ( ! ,swiss arti/4--,urse ,graff resid$ at ,basle1 ( :i* city he 0 probably a native4 ,9 "o ( 8 engrav+s ) ! date #aebc1 he describes himself z a goldsmi? & die-s9k]4 ,wood-cuts conta9+ 8 m>k are n v common1 & ! mo/ ( !m appe> to h be5 execut$ betwe5 #aeae & #aebh4 ,a s]ies ( wood-cuts ( ! ,passion ( ,*ri/1 design$ 9 a v inf]ior mann]1 & pr9t$ at ,/rasburg 9 #aeji1 are sometimes ascrib$ to him on acc\nt ( _! be+ m>k$ ) ! lett]s ,v4 ,g41 :i* "s writ]s h suppos$ to be ! m>k ( an arti/ nam$ ,von ,gamp]l94 ,pr(essor ,*ri/1 9 8 ,diction>y ( ,monograms1 says t he c f9d no?+ to det]m9e him 9 fav\r ( ! "n ,gamp]l92 & t he is r incl9$ to ?9k t ^? lett]s are int5d$ = ! "n ,von ,go>1 :i* he believes t he has deciph]$ on an engrav+ conta9+ ?is m>k4 ,! m>k ( ,urse ,graff1 a ,v & a ,g int]lac$1 occurs 9 ! ornam5t$ bord] ( ! title-page ( sev]al books pr9t$ at ,basle1 & among/ o!rs on ! title ( a qu>to edition ( ,ulri* ,hutt5's ,nemo1 pr9t$ !re by ,frob5ius 9 #aeai4 ,at ! end ( ?is edition !re is a beautifully-design$ cut ( ! pr9t]'s device1 :i* is probably ! "w ( ! same arti/4,v-#hg ,footnote ,v-#hf3 ,?is cut ( ,urse ,graff is describ$ 9 ,b>ts*'s ,pe9tre-,graveur1 tom4 vii4 p4 #dfe1 ,no4 #af4 ,footnote ,v-#hg3 ,! device ( ,frob5ius at ! end ( an edition ( ! same "w1 pr9t$ by him 9 #aeah1 is mu* inf]ior to t 9 ! edition ( #aeai4 ,9 bo?1 ! ornam5tal bord] ( ! title-page is ! same4 ,a pa9t]1 nam$ ,ni*olas ,emanuel ,deuts*1 a contempor>y ( ,urse ,graff1 & :o resid$ at ,b]n1 is said1 by ,s&r>t1 to h be5 ( a noble ,engli% family1 & ! same writ] adds t he left 8 own c\ntry on acc\nt ( 8 religion4 ,! latt] /atem5t1 h[ev]1 is n likely to be correct1 = !re are wood-cuts1 ) ?is arti/'s m>k1 dat$ 8,b]n1 #aeah20 :i* 0 be=e ! p]secution 9 ,engl& on acc\nt ( ! doctr9es ( ,lu!r _h comm5c$4 ,9 ,j4 ,r4 ,fssli's ,diction>y ( ,arti/s x is /at$ t he 0 ( a ,fr5* family1 ( ! "n ( ,*ol>d1 b t he 0 born at ,b]n 9 #adhd1 & di$ !re 9 #aecj4 ,he 0 a poet z well z a pa9t]1 & held "o ( ! highe/ (fices 9 ! magi/racy ( ,b]n4 ,)9 ! fir/ ?irty ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! practice ( illu/rat+ books ) wood-cuts seems to h be5 m g5]al ?an at any o!r p]iod1 sc>cely except+ ! pres5t2 = ?\gh )9 ! la/ eight or t5 ye>s an imm5se numb] ( wood-cuts h be5 execut$ 9 ,engl& & ,france1 yet wood engrav+s at ! "t ref]r$ to 7 introduc$ into a great] v>iety ( books1 & ! art 0 m g5]ally practis$ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,9 mod]n ,g]man & ,dut* works wood engrav+s are sp>+ly introduc$2 & 9 works pr9t$ 9 ,switz]l& & ,italy !y are /ill m r>ely to be f\nd4 ,9 ! =m] p]iod ! art seems to h be5 v g5]ally practis$ ?r\gh\t ,europe1 ?\gh to a great] ext5t1 & ) great] skill1 9 ,g]many ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,! wood-cuts :i* are to be f\nd 9 ,italian books pr9t$ betwe5 #aejj & #aecj are mo/ly meagre 9 design & v indiff]5tly engrav$2 & = _m ye>s aft] ! ,g]man wood engrav]s _h begun to give v>iety ( col\r & ri*ness ( effect to _! cuts by means ( cross-hat*+s1 _! ,italian contempor>ies cont9u$ to adh]e to ! old me?od ( engrav+ _! figures1 *iefly 9 outl9e1 ) ! %ad[s & ! folds ( ! drap]ies indicat$ by p>allel l9es4 ,^! obs]vations relate only to ! ord9>y wood engrav+s ( ! p]iod1 pr9t$ 9 ! same page ) type1 or pr9t$ sep>ately 9 ! usual mann] ( surface pr9t+ at "o impression4 ,! admirable *i>o-scuros ( ,ugo da ,c>pi1 pr9t$ f two or m blocks1 are = effect & g5]al excell5ce ! mo/ admirable specim5s ( ?is bran* ( ! art t ev] h be5 execut$2 !y are z sup]ior to ! *i>o-scuros ( ,g]man arti/s z ! usual wood engrav+s ( ! latt] excel ^? execut$ 9 ,italy dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,9 po9t ( draw+1 "s ( ! be/ wood-cuts execut$ 9 ,italy 9 ! "t ( ,alb]t ,dur] are to be f\nd 9 a folio "w entitl$ ,triompho di ,=tuna1 writt5 by ,sigismond ,fanti1 & pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aebg4,v-#hh ,! subject ( ?is "w1 :i* 0 lic5s$ by ,pope ,clem5t ,,vii1 is ! art ( =tune-tell+1 or ( answ]+ all k9ds ( que/ions relative to future ev5ts4 ,! volume conta9s a consid]able numb] ( wood-cuts2 "s design$ & execut$ 9 ! v humble/ /yle ( wood engrav+1 & o!rs1 :i* appe> to h be5 drawn on ! block ) p5-&-ink1 design$ ) great _s4 ,! smalle/ & mo/ inf]ior cuts s]ve z illu/rations to ! que/ions1 & an idea may be =m$ ( !m f ! ?ree "h giv51 :i* occur "u ! "q3 8,qual f$e o legge sia di que/e tre la buona1 o la ,*ri/iana1 l',hebrea1 o quello di ,mahumeto80,v-#hi ,9 ,engli%3 8,:i* ( ^! ?ree religions is ! be/1 ! ,*ri/ian1 ! ,jewi%1 or ! ,mahometan80 ,sev]al l>g] cuts are execut$ 9 a dry h>d /yle1 & evid5tly drawn by a p]son v inf]ior to ! arti/ :o design$ ! cuts execut$ 9 ! mann] ( p5-&-ink draw+s4 ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( "o ( ! latt]4 ,x is entitl$ 8,=tuna de ,africo10 9 a s]ies ( twelve1 int5d$ = repres5tations ( ! w9ds4 ,footnote ,v-#hh3 ,! title ( ?is book is1 9 r$ lett]s1 8,triompho di ,=tuna1 di ,sigismondo ,fanti1 ,f]r>ese40 ,! title-page is also ornam5t$ ) a wood-cut1 repres5t+ ! ,pope1 ) ,virtue on "o side1 & ,vice on ! o!r1 seat$ above ! globe1 :i* is support$ by ,atlas1 & provid$ ) an axis1 hav+ a h&le at ea* side1 l a w9*4 ,at "o ( ! h&les is a devil1 & at ! o!r an angel2 to ! left is a nak$ figure hold+ a die1 & ne> to him is an a/ronom] tak+ an obs]vation4 ,at ! foot ( ! cut is ! m>k ,i4 ,m4 or ,t4 ,m41 = ,i _c positively decide :e!r ! fir/ lett] be int5d$ = an ,i or a ,t4 ,! foll[+ is ! colophon3 8,impresso 9 la inclita citta di ,v5egia p] ,ago/9 da ,portese4 ,nel anno dil virg9eo p>to ,,md4,,xxvii4 ,nel mese di ,g5>o1 ad in/tia di ,jacomo ,giunta ,m]catte ,flor5t9o4 ,con il ,privilegio di ,clem5te ,papa ,,vii1 et del ,s5ato ,v5eto a requisitione di l',autore40 ,9 ! ,catalogue ( ! ,briti% ,museum ?is book is errone\sly ent]$ z pr9t$ at ,rome1 #aebf4 ,! compil] _h mi/ak5 ! date ( ! ,pope's lic5ce = ! "t :5 ! book 0 pr9t$4 ,?is trifl+ mi/ake is notic$ "h1 z f simil> ov]sights bibliograph]s h sometimes describ$ books z hav+ be5 twice or ?rice pr9t$1 :51 9 fact1 !re _h be5 only "o edition4 ,footnote ,v-#hi3 ,! foll[+ que/ions1 select$ f a numb] ( o!rs1 w p]haps af=d "s idea ( ?is 8,op]a utilissima et jocosa10 z x is call$ by ! au?or4 8,se glie b5e a pigli> bella1 o bruta donna2 se'l s]vo s>a fidele al suo signore2 se que/' anno s>a c>e/ia o abundantia2 quanti m>iti hav]a la donna2 se glie b5e a f> viaggio et a *e tempo2 se'l p>to della donna s>a mas*io o fem9a2 se'l sogno fatto s>a v]o2 se'l f9 del huomo s>a buono40 ,! ?ree small illu/rations ( ! la/ qu]y are ( evil om52 9 "o1 is se5 a gall[s2 9 ano!r1 a man pray+2 & 9 ! ?ird1 ! qu>t]s ( a human body hung up 9 t]rorem4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ cut1 :i* appe>s 9 folio #ch1 is intitl$ 8,mi*ael ,fior5t9o10--,mi*ael ,angelo2 & x c]ta9ly conveys no bad idea ( ! en]getic mann] 9 :i* t great arti/ is said to h us$ 8 mallet & *isel :5 engag$ on works ( sculpture4 ,?is cut1 h[ev]1 is made to repres5t sev]al o!r sculptors besides ! great ,flor5t9e2 x is repeat$ sev5 times 9 ! subsequ5t pages1 & on ea* occasion we f9d und]nea? x a diff]5t "n4 ,! late ,t4 ,/o?>d1 ,r4,a4 0 ( op9ion t wood engrav+ 0 be/ adapt$ to express p5-&-ink draw+1 & t ! wood engrav] g5]ally fail$ :5 he attempt$ m4 ,8 illu/rations ( ,rog]s's poems1 engrav$ on wood by ,cl5nell & ,?ompson1 are execut$ 9 a simil> /yle to t ( ! foll[+ specim51 ?\gh ) great] delicacy4 ,illu/ration ,c]ta9 wood-cuts ) ! m>k ,a4 ,g41 execut$ t[>ds ! conclusion ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 h be5 ascrib$ to an arti/ nam$ ,alb]t ,glock5ton4 ,b>ts*1 h[ev]1 says t ! "n ( ! arti/ is unkn[n2 & he seems to consid] t ,s&r>t _h m]ely conjectur$ t ^? lett]s might repres5t ! "n ,alb]t ,glock5ton4 ,= no bett] reason ! lett]s ,i4 ,v4 on a tablet1 ) two pilgrim's-/affs cross$ betwe5 !m1 :i* are to be f\nd on sev]al old *i>o-scuro wood engrav+s1 h be5 suppos$ to repres5t ! "n1 ,john ,ulric ,pilgrim4 ,?is "n appe>s to be a pure inv5tion ( "s +5i\s exp\nd] ( monograms1 = !re is n ! slighte/ evid5ce1 t ,i am aw>e (1 to %[ t any arti/ ( ?is "n ev] liv$4 ,! *i>o-scuros ) ?is m>k 7 probably execut$ 9 ! "t ( ,dur]1 b none ( !m conta9s a date to e/abli% ! fact4 ,he9ek5 consid]s !m to h be5 ! productions ( a ,g]man arti/2 & he ref]s to !m 9 pro( ( ! art ( *i>o-scuro hav+ be5 practis$ 9 ,g]many long be=e ! "t ( ,ugo da ,c>pi4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 highly que/ionable if !y are ( an e>li] date ?an #aeah2 & x is by no means c]ta9 t ! arti/ 0 a ,g]man4 ,by "s p]sons he has be5 suppos$ to h be5 ! inv5tor ( *i>o-scuro engrav+1 on no bett] gr\nds1 x w\ld seem1 ?an t 8 pieces are )\t a date4 ,next to ! ,g]mans1 9 ! "t ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 ! ,dut* & ,flem+s seem to h excell$ 9 ! art ( wood engrav+2 b ! cuts execut$ 9 ,holl& & ,fl&]s are g5]ally mu* inf]ior to ^? design$ & engrav$ by ,g]man arti/s4 ,9 a consid]able numb] ( ,dut* wood engrav+s1 ( ! p]iod "u review1 ,i h obs]v$ an attempt to comb9e some?+ l ! effect ( cross-hat*+ & ( ! dott$ mann] m5tion$ at page #bcb z hav+ be5 frequ5tly practis$ by ,fr5* wood engrav]s 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 a s]ies ( cuts f a ,dut* pray]-book1 app>5tly pr9t$ betwe5 #aebj & #aecj1 ?is /yle ( engrav+ is frequ5tly introduc$4 ,:]e a ,g]man arti/ w\ld h introduc$ l9es cross+ ea* o!r ) great regul>ity1 ! ,dut* wood engrav] has endeav\r$ to atta9 8 object by irregul>ly pick+ out portions ( ! wood ) ! po9t ( 8 grav]2 ! effect1 h[ev]1 is n good4 ,9 ! bord] surr\nd+ ^? cuts1 a ,dance ( ,dea? is repres5t$1 consi/+ ( sev]al m *>act]s ?an are to be f\nd 9 ! celebrat$ "w ascrib$ to ,holbe91 b f> inf]ior 9 po9t ( design & execution4 ,an arti/1 nam$ ,john ,walt] van ,ass51 is usually m5tion$ z "o ( ! be/ ,dut* wood engrav]s or design]s ( ?is p]iod4 ,no?+ fur!r is kn[n ( him ?an t he liv$ at ,am/]dam ab\t #aeag4 ,! m>k suppos$ to be ,van ,ass5's is (t5 ascrib$ by exp\nd]s ( monograms to ano!r arti/ :om !y call ,w]n] or ,wa] van ,assan54 ,a consid]able numb] ( ,fr5* works1 pr9t$ 9 ! "t ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 conta9 wood engrav+s1 b few ( !m possess mu* m]it :5 comp>$ ) ! m highly f9i%$ & correctly drawn productions ( ! ,g]man s*ool ( ! same p]iod4 ,! ornam5tal bord]s1 h[ev]1 ( _m missals & pray]-books1 :i* !n issu$ 9 great numb]s f ! ,p>isian press1 frequ5tly display great beauty4 ,! ta/e = surr\nd+ ea* page ) an ornam5tal bord] engrav$ on wood 0 v g5]ally preval5t 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,fl&]s at t p]iod1 m especially 9 devotional works2 & 9 ! =m] c\ntry1 & 9 ,switz]l&1 sc>cely a tract 0 pr9t$--& ! ,lu!ran controv]sy gave rise to _m hundr$s--)\t an ornam5tal bord] surr\nd+ ! title4 ,9 ,g]many su* wood engrav]s z 7 *iefly employ$ 9 execut+ cuts ( ?is k9d 7 call$ ,rahm5-s*neid]s--bord]-cutt]s1--z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$ at page #aij4 ,9 ,engl& dur+ ! same p]iod wood engrav+ made b little progress2 & !re seems to h be5 a lack ( good design]s & compet5t engrav]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! be/ cuts pr9t$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! "t ( ,dur] are conta9$ 9 a manual ( pray]s1 ( a small duodecimo size4 ,on a tablet 9 ! bord] ( "o ( ! cuts--! ,flight into ,egypt,v-#ij--;,i p]ceive ! date #aebc4 ,! total numb] ( cuts 9 ! volume is ab\t a hundr$2 & "u ea* ( ! l>ge/ are f\r v]ses 9 ,engli%4 ,sev]al ( ! small] cuts1 repres5t+ figures ( sa9ts1 & prec$+ ! pray]s = _! respective days1 h evid5tly be5 design$ by an arti/ ( consid]able tal5t4 ,z mo/ ( ! wood-cuts :i* con/itute ! ornam5ts or ! illu/rations ( books pr9t$ at ?is p]iod are )\t any "n or m>k1 x is impossible to asc]ta9 ! names ( ! p]sons by :om !y 7 design$ or engrav$4 ,footnote ,v-#ij3 ,! foll[+ l9es descriptive ( ?is cut are pr9t$ und]nea? x3 ,h[ ,m>y & ,joseph ) iesu 7 fayne4 ,9 to ,egypte = soc\r to fle4 ,:an ! ,innoc5tes = 8 sake w] slayne4 ,by comissyon ( ,h]odes crueltie4 ,! mann] ( wood engrav+ 9 intaglio s t ! figures appe> :ite on a black gr\nd1 s frequ5tly adopt$ by e>ly ,italian wood engrav]s1 0 sometimes practis$ 9 ,g]many2 & 9 "o ( ! e>lie/ works conta9+ portraits ( ! ,roman emp]ors1,v-#ia copi$ f anci5t m$als1 pr9t$ 9 ! latt] c\ntry1 ! cuts are execut$ 9 ?is /yle4 ,! subject ( ! "w is ! lives ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 writt5 by ,joannes ,hutti*ius1 & ! portraits ) :i* x is illu/rat$ are copi$ f m$als 9 a collection :i* _h be5 =m$ by ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 ! great promot] ( wood engrav+ 9 ,g]many4 ,! fir/ edition1 9 ,lat91 0 pr9t$ by ,wolff ,kpffel1 at ,/rasburg1 9 #aebe2 & a second edition1 9 ,g]man1 0 publi%$ at ! same place 9 ! succe$+ ye>4 ,! cut on ! next page1 ( ! head ( ,n]o1 w af=d an idea ( ! /yle 9 :i* ! portraits are execut$1 & ( ! fidelity ) :i* ! arti/ has 9 g5]al repres5t$ ! lik5ess impress$ on ! orig9al m$als4 ,footnote ,v-#ia3 ,9 a folio "w entitl$ 8,epitome ,!sauri ,antiquitatum1 hoc e/ ,,impp4 ,rom4 ,ori5talium et ,occid5talium ,iconum1 ex ,antiquis ,numismatibus quam fidelissime del9eat>um4 ,ex ,muso ,jacobi de ,/rada ,mantuani ,antiqu>ii10 ,lyons1 #aeec1 x is /at$ t ! fir/ "w conta9+ portraits ( ! ,roman emp]ors engrav$ f _! co9s 0 t entitl$ 8,illu/rium ,imag9es10 writt5 by ,c>d9al ,sadolet1 & pr9t$ at ,rome by ,jacobus ,mazo*ius4--,9 ,/rada's "w ! portraits are execut$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 t ( ,hutti*ius4 ,! wood-cut conta9+ ! pr9t]'s device1 on ! title-page ( ,/rada's "w1 is admirably engrav$4 ,besides ,dur]1 ,burgmair1 ,crana*1 & ,s*auffle91 !re are sev]al o!r ,g]man pa9t]s ( ! same p]iod :o are also said to h engrav$ on wood1 & among ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ?is second>y class ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 ,hans ,sebald ,behaim1 previ\sly notic$ at page #bec2 ,alb]t ,altdorff]2 ,hans ,spr+9klee2 & ,hans ,baldung ,grn4 ,! m>ks ( all ^? arti/s are to be f\nd on wood-cuts execut$ 9 ! "t ( ,dur]2 b ,i am extremely d\btful if ^? cuts 7 actually engrav$ by !mselves4 ,if !y 71 ,i c only say t1 ?\gh !y might be good pa9t]s & design]s1 !y 7 v indiff]5t wood engrav]s2 & t _! "t 9 execut+ ! subjects ascrib$ to !m mu/ h be5 v badly employ$4 ,! common work+ =ms*neid] :o c\ld n execute !m z well1 mu/ h be5 a v ord9>y wood-cutt]1 n to say wood-engrav]1--by ! latt] t]m mean+ "o :o excels 9 8 pr(ession1 & n a m]e cutt] ( l9es1 )\t skill or ta/e1 on box or pe>-tree4 ,illu/ration ,alb]t ,altdorff] 0 born at ,ratisbon 9 #adhj1 & aft]w>ds became a magi/rate ( 8 native city4 ,! engrav+s on wood & copp] conta9+ 8 m>k are mo/ly ( a small size1 & he is g5]ally kn[n z "o ( ! little ma/]s ( ! ,g]man s*ool ( engrav+4,v-#ib ,hans ,spr+9klee 0 a pa9t] ( "s em95ce1 & accord+ to ,doppelmay]1 z ref]r$ to by ,b>ts*1 0 a pupil ( ,dur]'s4 ,8 m>k is to be f\nd on sev]al wood-cuts2 & x occurs 9 "o ( ! illu/rations 9 ! ,wise ,k+4 ,hans ,baldung ,grn 0 born at ,gemund 9 ,suabia1 & /udi$ at ,nuremb]g "u ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,he excell$ z a pa9t]2 & ! wood-cuts :i* conta9 8 m>k are mo/ly design$ ) great _s4 ,! e>lie/ wood engrav+ t conta9s 8 m>k is a frontispiece to a volume ( s]mons ) ! date #aejh2 & ! late/ is a gr\p ( horses1 engrav$ 9 a h>d1 /iff mann]1 ) ! "n 8,,baldung0 & ! date #aecd4,v-#ic ,he *iefly resid$ at ,/rasburg1 :]e he di$ 9 #aede4 ,he is m5tion$ by ,dur]1 9 8 ,j\rnal1 by ! "n ( 8,grn ,hanns540 ,footnote ,v-#ib3 ,he9ek5 ranks ! foll[+ 9 ! class ( little ma/]s3 ,h5ry ,aldgrev]1 ,alb]t ,altdorff]1 ,b>?olomew ,behaim1 ,hans ,sebald ,behaim1 ,hans ,b9ck1 ,h5ry ,go]t+1 ,george ,p5ez1 & ,virgil ,solis4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 engrav]s on copp]4 ,footnote ,v-#ic3 ,! foll[+ curi\s te/imony respect+ a lock ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s hair1 :i* _h =m]ly be5 9 ! possession ( ,hans ,baldung ,grn1 is translat$ f an article 9 ,meusel's ,neue ,miscellane51 #agii4 ,! lock ( hair & ! docum5t 7 !n 9 ! possession ( ,h]r ,h4 ,s4 ,hsg5 ( ,frank=t on ! ,mayn3 8,h]e9 is ! hair :i* 0 cut f ! head ( t +5i\s & celebrat$ pa9t] ,alb]t ,dur]1 aft] 8 dea? at ,nuremb]g1 #h? ,april #aebh1 z a tok5 ( remembrance4 ,x aft]w>ds came into ! possession ( t skilful pa9t] ,hans ,baldung1 burg] ( ?is city1 ,/rasburg2 & aft] 8 dea?1 9 #aede1 my late bro!r-9-law1 ,ni*olas ,krm]1 pa9t]1 ( ?is city1 hav+ b\ght sundry ( 8 works & o!r ?+s1 among !m f\nd ?is lock ( hair1 9 an old lett]1 :]e9 0 writt5 an acc\nt ( :at x conta9$4 ,on ! dea? ( my bro!r-9-law1 9 #aeej1 x 0 pres5t$ to me by my si/] ,doro?y1 & ,i n[ enclose x 9 ?is lett] = a memorial4 #aeei4 ,,sebold ,b,,hel]40 ,to ?is te/imony are subjo9$ two or ?ree o!rs ( subsequ5t date1 %[+ 9 ^: possession ! valu$ relic _h be5 be=e x came into ! h&s ( ,h]r ,hsg54 ,illu/ration ,we may "h conv5i5tly introduce fac-similes on a r$uc$ scale ( two r int]e/+ wood engrav+s giv5 by ,dr4 ,dibd9 9 8 ,bibliomania1 & copi$ f an e>ly folio volume1 entitl$ ,revelationes cle/es sanct ,brigitt de ,suecia1 pr9t$ at ,nuremb]g by ,an?ony ,kb]g]1 ,m ,,ccc ,,xxi4 m5sis ,septembris1 :i* "s read #aejj1 on ! #ba/ ( ,septemb]1 o!rs #aeba1 9 ! mon? ( ,septemb]4 ,! fir/ ( ^! cuts is curi\s z repres5t+ ! simplicity ( an anci5t read+ room1 ) its ?ree-legg$ jo9t /ool1 su* z is s prettily describ$ by ,c[p]1 ,task1 ,i4 v4 #ai2 ! o!r cut describes a puni%m5t :i* is said to h be5 reveal$ to ,/4 ,bridget aga9/ ^? ladies :o h 8ornam5ta indec5tia capitibus et p$ibus1 et reliquis membris1 ad provoc&am luxuriam1 et irrit&um ,deum1 9 /rictis ve/ibus1 o/5sione mamill>um1 unctionibus1 c40 ,! arti/ is unkn[n1 b seems to be among ! be/ ( ! ,nuremb]g s*ool4 ,illu/ration ,x _c be reasonably d\bt$ t ,dur] & sev]al o!r ,g]man pa9t]s ( 8 "t 7 accu/om$ to engrave _! own designs on copp]2 = 9 _m in/ances we h ! express te/imony ( _! contempor>ies1 & n unfrequ5tly _! own1 to ! fact4 ,copp]-plate engrav+ = ab\t sixty ye>s f ! "t ( its inv5tion 0 g5]ally practis$ by p]sons :o 7 also pa9t]s1 & :o usually engrav$ _! own designs4 ,wood engrav+1 on ! contr>y1 f an e>ly p]iod 0 practis$ z a di/9ct pr(ession by p]sons :o are nev] he>d ( z pa9t]s4 ,t "s ( ! e>ly ,g]man pa9t]s--( a p]iod :5 8arti/s 7 m ( workm51 & workm5 m ( arti/s0,v-#id ?an 9 ! pres5t day--might engrave "s ( ! wood-cuts :i* be> _! m>ks1 is c]ta9ly n impossible2 b x is highly improbable t all ! wood-cuts :i* are ascrib$ to !m %\ld h be5 execut$ by !mselves4 ,if any wood-cuts 7 actually engrav$ by ,dur]1 ,crana*1 ,burgmair1 & o!r pa9t]s ( reputation1 ,i conceive t su* cuts are n to be di/+ui%$ by _! sup]ior execution f ^? engrav$ by ! pr(essional =ms*neid] & brief-mal] ( ! day4 ,! be/ copp]-plates engrav$ by ,alb]t ,dur] c sc>cely be surpass$ by ! be/ copp]-plate engrav] ( ! pres5t day1--t is1 suppos+ him to execute 8 "w by ! same means2 :ile ! be/ ( ! wood-cuts :i* he is suppos$ to h engrav$ himself might be readily execut$ by a score ( mod]n wood engrav]s if ! subject 7 drawn = !m on ! block4 ,9 ! age ( ,dur] ! be/ wood-cuts are ( comp>atively l>ge size1 & are di/+ui%$ m f ! boldness & fre$om ( _! design ?an f any peculi> excell5ce ( engrav+3 !y display1 9 fact1 r ! tal5t ( ! arti/ ?an ! skill ( ! workman4 ,?\gh wood engrav+ _h v greatly improv$ f ab\t ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury to ! "t ( ,dur]'s decease1 yet x c]ta9ly did n atta9 its p]fection )9 t p]iod4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 inde$1 ! workman has display$ great] excell5ce2 b at no "t does ! art appe> to h be5 m fl\ri%+ or m highly e/eem$ ?an 9 ! reign ( its great patron1 ! ,emp]or ,maximilian4 ,footnote ,v-#id3 ,evid5ce ( ,dr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,waag5 ( ,b]l9 be=e ! ,select ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ,arts & _! ,connexion ) ,manufactures1 #ahce4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,fur!r ,,progress ,,& ,,decl9e ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+4 ,! ,dance ( ,dea? -- ,pa9t$ 9 ,sev]al ,old ,*ur*es -- ,two ,pa9t+s ( ?is ,subject at ,basle -- ,old ,editions ( ,la ,danse ,macabre1 ) ,wood-,cuts -- ,les ,simula*res et ,hi/ories ,faces de la ,mort1 ,usually ,call$ ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ,pr9t$ at ,lyons1 #aech -- ,v>i\s ,editions & ,copies ( ?is ,"w -- ,icones ,hi/ori>um ,vet]is ,te/am5ti1 or ,bible ,cuts1 ,design$ by ,hans ,holbe9 -- ,simil>ity ,betwe5 ^! ,cuts & ^? ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? -- ,cuts ( ,bo? ,works1 ,probably ,design$ by ! ,same ,p]son -- ,portrait ( ,sir ,t4 ,wyatt -- ,cuts 9 ,cranm]'s ,cate*ism -- ,& 9 ,o!r ,old ,engli% ,works -- ,wood-,engrav+ 9 ,italy -- ,*i>o-,scuro -- ,m>col9i's ,sorti -- ,s4 ,mun/]'s ,cosmography -- ,maps -- ,virgil ,solis -- ,b]n>d ,solomon -- ,jo/ ,ammon -- ,&rea ,&reani -- ,h5ry ,goltzius -- ,engli% ,wood-,cuts -- ,cuts by ,*ri/oph] ,jegh] f ! ,designs ( ,rub5s -- ,g5]al ,decl9e ( ! ,art 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,! be/ ( ! wood-cuts ( ! "t ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 m especially ^? execut$ by ,g]man engrav]s1 are = ! mo/ "p ( r l>ge size2 ! be/ ( ^?1 h[ev]1 :i* appe>$ )9 =ty ye>s ( 8 decease are g5]ally small4 ,! art ( wood engrav+1 bo? z reg>ds design & execution1 appe>s to h atta9$ its highe/ p]fection )9 ab\t t5 ye>s ( ! "t ( ,dur]'s decease2 = ! cuts :i*1 9 my op9ion1 display ! greate/ excell5ce ( ! art z practis$ 9 =m] times1 7 publi%$ 9 #aech4 ,! cuts to :i* ,i allude are ^? ( ! celebrat$ ,dance ( ,dea?1 :i* 7 fir/ publi%$ 9 t ye> at ,lyons4 ,s admirably are ^? cuts execut$1--) s mu* feel+ & ) s p]fect a k ( ! capabilities ( ! art1--t ,i d n ?9k any wood engrav] ( ! pres5t "t is capable ( surpass+ !m4 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y are engrav$ is comp>atively simple3 !re is no lab\r$ & unnecess>y cross-hat*+ :]e ! same effect might be obta9$ by simpl] means2 no display ( f9e "w m]ely to %[ ! arti/'s tal5t 9 cutt+ delicate l9es4 ,e l9e is expressive2 & ! end is always obta9$ by ! simple/ means4 ,9 ?is ! tal5t & feel+ ( ! engrav] are *iefly display$4 ,he wa/es n 8 "t 9 m]e me*anical execution--:i* 9 ! pres5t day is (t5 mi/ak5 = excell5ce2--he endeav\rs to give to ea* "* its appropriate expression2 & 9 ?is he appe>s to h succe$$ bett]1 consid]+ ! small size ( ! cuts1 ?an any o!r wood engrav]1 ei!r ( times pa/ or pres5t4 ,?\gh two or ?ree ( ! cuts :i* w subsequ5tly be giv5 may be ( r e>li] date ?an ^? ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 x seems pref]able to give fir/ "s acc\nt ( ?is celebrat$ "w2 & to introduce ! cuts allud$ to1 ?\gh n 9 /rict *ronological ord]1--:i* is ! less necess>y z !y d n illu/rate ! progress ( ! art1--) o!rs execut$ 9 a simil> /yle4 ,long be=e ! publication ( ! "w n[ s g5]ally kn[n z 8,! ,dance ( ,dea?10 a s]ies ( pa9t+s repres5t+1 9 a simil> mann]1 ,dea? seiz+ on p]sons ( all ranks & ages1 _h appe>$ on ! walls ( sev]al *ur*es4 ,a ,dance ( ,dea? 0 pa9t$ 9 ! cloi/]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,innoc5ts at ,p>is1 9 ! cloi/]s ( ,/4 ,paul's1 ,london1 & 9 ! portico ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,lubec4 ,! pa9t+ 9 ,/ ,paul's is said to h be5 execut$ at ! co/ ( "o ,j5k9 ,c>p5t]1 :o liv$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vi1 & :o 0 "o ( ! executors ( t fam\s 8"l-mayor ( ,london10 ,ri*>d ,:itt+ton2 & ,dugdale1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 says t x 0 9 imitation ( t 9 ! cloi/]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,innoc5ts at ,p>is4,,vi-#a ,?is subject seems to h be5 usually kn[n 9 =m] times by ! "n ( 8,! ,dance ( ,ma*abre10 f a ,fr5* or ,g]man poet--= ?is po9t is n settl$ by ! le>n$--( ! "n ( ,macab] or ,macabre1 :o is said to h writt5 a poem on ?is subject4,,vi-#b ,! ,dance ( ,dea?1 h[ev]1 :i* z a pa9t+ has atta9$ great] celebrity & giv5 rise to mu* m discussion ?an any o!r1 is t :i* 0 pa9t$ on ! wall ( a k9d ( c\rt-h\se atta*$ to ! ,*ur* ( ! ,dom9icans at ,basle4 ,?is pa9t+ has frequ5tly be5 ascrib$ to ,holbe92 b x c]ta9ly 0 execut$ be=e he 0 born2 & !re is n ! slighte/ reason to believe t he ev] t\*$ x 9 any ( ! repairs :i* x und]w5t 9 subsequ5t ye>s4 ,footnote ,,vi-#a3 ,besides ^? above m5tion$1 !re is said to h be5 a 8,dea?'s ,dance0 at ! foll[+ places3 9 ,hung]=d's ,*apel1 ,salisbury ,ca!dral2 ,hexham ,*ur*2 at ,fescamp 9 ,norm&y1 c>v$ 9 /one2 at ,dresd52 ,leipsic2 ,annab]g2 & ,b]ne 9 ,switz]l&4 ,! la/1 pa9t$ on ! walls ( ! cloi/]s ( ! ,dom9ican fri>s1 0 ! "w ( ,ni*olas ,emanuel ,deuts*1 previ\sly m5tion$ at page #cad4 ,s e>ly z #aefj ?is pa9t+ 0 de/roy$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! cloi/]s be+ pull$ d[n to wid5 a /reet4 ,!re are two copies ( x 9 wat]-col\rs pres]v$ at ,b]ne4 ,f "o ( !m a s]ies ( li?ographic engrav+s has be5 made4 ,an ample li/ ( old pa9t+s ( ?is subject w be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,d\ce's ,dance ( ,dea?1 *apt]s iii4 & iv1 publi%$ by ,pick]+1 #ahcc1 & republi%$1 ) additions1 by ,h4 ,g4 ,bohn1 #aheh4 ,footnote ,,vi-#b3 ,mr4 ,d\ce says1 8,macab] 0 n a ,g]man or any o!r poet1 b a non5tity40 ,he supposes t ! "n ,macab] is only a slight & obvi\s corruption ( ,mac>ius1 a ,sa9t :o liv$ z a h]mit 9 ,egypt1 & ( :om !re is a /ory ( 8 %[+ to ?ree k+s or noblem5 an emblem ( mortality 9 ! %ape ( ?ree skeletons4 8,! ^w ,macabre10 obs]ves ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8is f\nd only 9 ,fr5* au?orities2 & ! ,sa9t's "n1 :i* 9 ! mod]n or?ography is ,macaire1 w\ld 9 _m anci5t manuscripts be writt5 ,macabre in/ead ( ,macaure1 ! lett] b be+ sub/itut$ = t ( u f ! caprice1 ignorance1 or c>elessness ( transcrib]s40 ,mr4 ,d\ce's conjecture w\ld h be5 m feasible _h he produc$ a s+le in/ance f any anci5t manuscript ( ! "n hav+ be5 writt5 ,macabre in/ead ( ,macaure or ,mac>ius4 ,by a simil> process ( reason+1 x w\ld n be difficult to prove a hundr$ old writ]s & poets non-entities4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,fr5* editions1 ! "w is intitl$ 8,la ,danse ,macabre20 & 9 a ,p>isian edition1 8,p] ,magi/rum ,guidonem ,m]catorem pro ,godefrido de ,m>nef10 folio1 #adij1 ! title is z foll[s3 8,*orea ab eximio ,macabro v]sibus ,alemanicis edita1 et ,petro ,desrey em5data40 ,?is seems to prove t ,pet] ,desrey knew some?+ ( a p]son nam$ ,macab] :o _h writt5 a description ( ! ,dance 9 ,g]man4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s respect+ ?is pa9t+ are su* z seem be/ au!nticat$4 ,x is said to owe its orig9 to a plague :i* ravag$ ! city ( ,basle 9 #adci1 dur+ ! "t ( ! great c\ncil1 :i* comm5c$ 9 #adca1 & did n t]m9ate till #addh4 ,a numb] ( p]sons ( almo/ all ranks1 :om ! c\ncil _h br\ght to ?is city1 hav+ fall5 victims to ! plague1 x is said t ! pa9t+ 0 execut$ 9 remembrance ( ! ev5t1 & z a mem5to ( ! unc]ta9ty ( life4 ,?\gh x may be true t ! great mortality at ,basle 9 #adci might h be5 ! occasion ( su* a picture 9 ! *ur*-c\rt--,kir*h(e1 z x is call$ by ,hegn] 9 8 ,life ( ,holbe9--( ! ,dom9icans 9 t city1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t ! subject mu/ h be5 sugge/$ by "o ( mu* e>li] date pa9t$ on ! walls ( an old build+ :i* _h =m]ly be5 ! cloi/]s ( a nunn]y :i* /ood 9 t "p ( ,basle :i* is call$ ! ,little ,city4 ,?is conv5t 0 f\nd$ 9 #abge2 & ! pa9t+ appe>s to h be5 execut$ 9 #acab1 accord+ to ! foll[+ date1 :i* 0 to be se5 above "o ( ! figures1 t ( ! ,c\nt1 :o 0 also "o ( ! *>act]s 9 ! pa9t+ 9 ! *ur*-c\rt ( ! ,dom9icans3 8,duss5t j> treihunt]t und ,xii20 9 ,engli%3 ,"o ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & twelve4 ,sev]al ( ! figures 9 ?is old pa9t+ 7 almo/ ! same z 9 t ( ! *ur*-c\rt ( ! ,dom9icans1 ?\gh execut$ 9 a co>s] mann]2 &1 l ! latt]1 7 accompani$ ) explanatory inscriptions 9 v]se4 ,?is curi\s old "w appe>s to h rema9$ unnotic$ till #agff1 :5 "o ,emanuel ,b*el1 ( ,basle1 by trade a bak]1 b an admir] ( art1 & an indu/ri\s draughtsman1 _h 8 att5tion direct$ to x4 ,he made a c>eful copy 9 col\rs ( all t !n rema9$ ( x1 & 8 draw+s are n[ 9 ! public libr>y ( ,basle4 8,?is olde/ ,dance ( ,dea?10 says ,hegn]1 writ+ 9 #ahbg1 8is almo/ entirely effac$1 & becomes daily m s1 z well on acc\nt ( age z f ! cloi/]s ( ! old nunn]y hav+ be5 = _m ye>s us$ z a w>eh\se = salt40,,vi-#c ,footnote ,,vi-#c3 ,hans ,holbe9 d] ,jng]e4 ,von ,ulri* ,hegn]1 ,s4 #cji4 ,b]l91 #ahbg4 ,x is suppos$ t ! ,dance ( ,dea? 9 ! *ur*-c\rt ( ! ,dom9icans at ,basle 0 orig9ally pa9t$ 9 fresco or di/emp]4 ,! numb] ( *>act]s1 ea* accompani$ by a figure ( ,dea?1 0 orig9ally =ty2,,vi-#d b 9 #aefh1 a pa9t]1 nam$ ,hans ,hugo ,klaub]1 :o 0 employ$ by ! magi/rates to repair ! old pa9t+1 introduc$ a figure ( ! re=m] ,oecolampadius z if prea*+ to ! *>act]s compos+ ! ,dance1 ) portraits ( himself1 8 wife1 & _! little son1 at ! end4 ,x is probable t he pa9t$ ov] ! old figures 9 oil-col\r1 & introduc$ sundry alt]ations1 sugge/$ by o!r pa9t+s & engrav+s ( ! same subject4 ,x appe>s likely t1 at ! same "t1 _m ( ! old inscriptions 7 *ang$ = o!rs m 9 accordance ) ! doctr9es ( ! ,re=mation1 :i* !n prevail$ at ,basle4 ,! v]ses above ! figure ( ! ,pope 7 c]ta9ly n su* z w\ld h be5 tol]at$ at ! p]iod :5 ! subject is suppos$ to h be5 fir/ pa9t$4,,vi-#e ,9 #afaf ! pa9t+ 0 aga9 repair$2 b1 ?\gh a ,lat9 inscription 0 !n add$ conta9+ ! names ( ! magi/rates :o _h ?us tak5 c>e to pres]ve x1 !re is no m5tion made ( any arti/ by :om ! subject _h be5 orig9ally pa9t$ or subsequ5tly ret\*$4 ,_h !re be5 any record ( ,holbe9 hav+ be5 at any "t employ$ on ! "w1 su* a circum/ance w\ld mo/ likely h be5 notic$2 z 8 memory 0 !n held 9 ! highe/ e/imation1 & ,basle prid$ h]self on hav+ _h s em95t an arti/ enroll$ among ! numb] ( h] citiz5s4 ,9 #afeh ! pa9t+ 0 aga9 r5ew$3 & !re seems reason to believe t fur!r alt]ations 7 !n introduc$ bo? 9 ! co/ume & ! col\r+4 ,x 0 ret\*$ 9 #agjc2 b f t "t1 z ! pa9t began to peel (f f ! decay+ walls1 all attempts = its fur!r pres]vation appe> to h be5 consid]$ hopeless4 ,x w\ld inde$ seem to h become 9 a great measure disreg>d$ by ! magi/rates1 = a rope-mak] us$ to ex]cise 8 trade "u ! ro( t protect$ x f ! wea!r4 ,z ! old wall /ood mu* 9 ! way ( new build+s1 x is n unlikely t !y might be r wi%ful to h x remov$4 ,9 #ahje ! magi/rates pron\nc$ s5t5ce aga9/ ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & ! wall on :i* x 0 pa9t$ 0 by _! ord]s pull$ d[n1 ?\gh n )\t consid]able opposition on ! "p ( _m ( ! citiz5s1 m especially ^? ( ! suburb ( ,/4 ,john1 )9 :i* ! old *ur*-c\rt ( ! ,dom9icans /ood4 ,sev]al pieces ( ! pa9t+ 7 collect$1 & are /ill pres]v$ at ,basle z memorials ( ! old 8,todt5-tanz10 :i* 0 =m]ly an object ( curiosity ) all /rang]s :o visit$ ! city1 & :i* has be5 s frequ5tly ! subject ( discussion 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,footnote ,,vi-#d3 ,all ! p]sons introduc$ 7 ( ! size ( life4 ,dea?1 9 only "o in/ance1 0 repres5t$ z a p]fect skeleton1 & t 0 9 ! subject ( ! ,doctor1 :om he 0 suppos$ to address z foll[s3 8,h]r ,doctor b's*aw die ,anatomey ,an mir1 ob sie re*t g'ma*t sey40 t is3 8,doctor1 take ( me a sight1 ,say if ! skeleton be "r40 ,x has be5 said t ! ,pope1 ! ,emp]or1 & ! ,k+1 7 int5d$ respectively = portraits ( ,pope ,felix ,v1 ! ,emp]or ,sigismund1 & ,alb]t ,,ii1 8 successor1 z ,k+ ( ! ,romans4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is m]ely a conjecture1 & n a v probable "o4 ,sigismund di$ be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! plague :i* is said to h be5 ! occasion ( ! pa9t+4 ,footnote ,,vi-#e3 ,^? v]ses1 z !y appe>$ 9 lat] times1 are z foll[s3 8,heilig w> i* auff ,erd g5ant ,ohn ,gott d] h*/ fhrt i* me9 /&4 ,d] ,ablass t mir g> wol lohn5 ,do* w d] tod me9 ni*t v]s*on540 ,_! mean+ may be ?us express$ 9 ,engli%3 8,8 ,hol9ess1 on e>? my "n2 ,f ,god my p[] nev] came2 ,al?\gh by p>dons weal? ,i got1 ,dea?1 alas1 w p>don n60 ,mr4 ,d\ce has giv5 a li/ ( _m books conta9+ ! figures ( a ,dance ( ,dea? pr9t$ be=e ! celebrat$ ,simula*res et ,hi/ories ,faces de la ,mort ( ,lyons1 #aech2 & among ! pr9cipal ! foll[+ may be "h enum]at$4--,a ,g]man edition1 intitl$ 8,d] ,dodt5danz mit figur54 ,clage und ,antwort s*on von all5 /at5 d] ,welt40 ,?is "w1 :i* is small folio1 is m5tion$ 9 ,braun's ,notitia librorum 9 ,biblio!ca ad ,,ss4 ,udalricum et ,afram ,augu/1 vol4 ii4 p4 #fb4 ,x is )\t date1 b ,braun supposes t x may h be5 pr9t$ betwe5 #adhj & #aejj4 ,x consi/s ( tw5ty-two leaves1 ) wood-cuts ( ! ,pope1 ,c>d9al1 ,bi%op1 ,abbot1 c4 c4 accompani$ by figures ( ,dea?4 ,! descriptions are 9 ,g]man v]se1 & pr9t$ 9 d\ble columns4--,! e>lie/ pr9t$ book on ?is subject ) a date is intitl$ 8,la ,danse ,macabre imprime p> ung nomm ,guy ,m>*&10 c4 ,p>is1 #adhe1 small folio4 ,9 #adhf ,guy ,m>*&1--or ,guyot ,m>*ant1 z he is also call$1--pr9t$ ano!r edition1 8,la ,danse ,macabre n\velle10 ) sev]al additional cuts2 & 9 ! same ye> he pr9t$ 8,la ,danse ,macabre des ,femmes10 a small folio ( fifte5 leaves4 ,?is is ! fir/ edition ( ! ,macab] ,dance ( females4 ,?irty-two subjects are describ$1 b !re are only cuts ( two1 ! ,que5 & ! ,du*ess4 ,9 #adij an edition appe>$ ) ! foll[+ title3 8,*orea ab eximio ,macabro v]sibus ,alemanicis edita1 et ,petro ,desrey em5data4 ,p>isiis1 p] magi/rum ,guidonem ,m]catorem ,guy ,m>*& pro ,godefrido de ,m>nef40 ,9 ! same ye> ,m>*& pr9t$ ano!r edition ( 8,la n\velle ,danse ,macabre des ,hommes20 & 9 ! ye> foll[+ !re appe>$ f 8 press a second edition ( 8,la ,danse ,macabre des ,femmes10 ) cuts ( all ! *>act]s & o!r additions4 ,a ,dance ( ,dea?1 accord+ to ,von d] ,hag51 9 8 ,deuts*e ,poesie1 p4 #dei1 0 pr9t$ at ,leipsic 9 #adif2 & 9 #adii a 8,gr&e ,danse ,macabre des ,hommes et ,femmes0 0 pr9t$ 9 folio at ,lyons4 ,! latt] is suppos$ to be ! e>lie/ t conta9s cuts ( bo? m5 & wom54 ,ab\t #aejj1 ,ant4 ,v]>d pr9t$ an edition1 9 folio1 ( ! ,danse ,macabre at ,p>is2 & 9 v>i\s ye>s betwe5 #aejj & #aecj a "w ) ! same title & simil> cuts 0 pr9t$ at ,p>is1 ,troyes1 ,r\51 ,lyons1 & ,g5eva4 ,besides ^? works1 *>act]s f ! ,dance ( ,dea? 7 frequ5tly introduc$ z incid5tal illu/rations 9 books ( devotion1 m especially 9 ^? usually d5om9at$ ,hor or ,h\rs ( ! ,virg91 & pr9t$ 9 ,france4,,vi-#f ,footnote ,,vi-#f3 ,sev]al *>act]s are to be f\nd 9 ^? ,dances ( ,dea? :i* d n occur 9 ! ,simula*res et ,hi/ories ,faces de la ,mort ( ,lyons1 #aech4 ,9 ! preface to ! ,emblems ( ,mortality1--) wood-cuts by ,john ,bewick1 #aghi1--writt5 by ,john ,sidney ,hawk9s1 ,esq41 ! foll[+ li/ is giv5 ( ! cuts 9 an edition ( 8,la gr&e ,danse de ,macabre des ,hommes et ,femmes10 #dto4 pr9t$ at ,troyes = ,john ,g>ni]1 b )\t a date4 8,! ,pope1 ,emp]or1 ,c>d9al1 ,k+1 ,legate1 ,duke1 ,patri>*1 ,con/able1 ,ar*bi%op1 ,knight1 ,bi%op1 ,squire1 ,abbot1 ,bailiff1 ,a/rolog]1 ,burgess1 ,canon1 ,m]*ant1 ,s*oolma/]1 ,man ( ,arms1 ,*>treux1 ,s]jeant1 ,monk1 ,usur]1 ,physician1 ,lov]1 ,advocate1 ,m9/rel1 ,curate1 ,lab\r]1 ,proctor1 ,gaol]1 ,pilgrim1 ,%eph]d1 ,cordeli]1 ,*ild1 ,cl]k1 ,h]mit1 ,adv5tur]1 ,fool4 ,! wom5 are ! ,que51 ,du*ess1 ,reg5t's ,wife1 ,knight's ,wife1 ,abbess1 ,squire's ,wife1 ,%eph]dess1 ,cripple1 ,burgess's ,wife1 ,wid[1 ,m]*ant's ,wife1 ,bailiff's ,wife1 ,"y ,wife1 ,da9ty ,dame1 ,female ,philosoph]1 ,new-m>ri$ ,wife1 ,woman ) ,*ild1 ,old ,maid1 ,female ,cordeli]1 ,*amb]maid1 ,intellig5ce-,woman1 ,ho/ess1 ,nurse1 ,prioress1 ,damsel1 ,c\ntry ,girl1 ,old ,*amb]maid1 ,huck/ress1 ,/rumpet1 ,nurse = ,ly+-9-,woman1 ,"y ,girl1 ,religi\s1 ,sorc]ess1 ,bigot1 ,fool40 ,ne>ly ! same *>act]s occur 9 bord]s ( ! old ,dut* ,pray] ,book m5tion$ at page #cah1 ?\gh 9 ! latt] !y are yet m num]\s2 among ! m5 !re is a f[l]--vogela]--& among ! wom51 ! beauty--scone--& ! old woman--alde vr\--:i* d n occur 9 ! prec$+ li/4 ,! celebrat$ 8,dance ( ,dea?10 ! cuts ( :i* h be5 s g5]ally ascrib$ to ,hans ,holbe9 z ! engrav] z well z design]1 0 fir/ publi%$ at ,lyons1 9 #aech4 ,x is ( small qu>to size1 & ! title is z foll[s3 8,les ,simula*res ,hi/ories faces de la ,mort1 autant elegammt p\rtraictes1 que artificiellem5t imag9es4 ,a ,lyon1 ,s\bz l'escu de ,coloigne4 ,m4,d4,,xxxviii40 ,on ! title-page is an emblematic wood-cut1 v indiff]5tly execut$1 repres5t+ ?ree heads jo9$ toge!r1 ) a wrea? above !m2 ! middle "o a full face1 & ^? on ea* side 9 pr(ile4 ,in/ead ( %\ld]s1 ! heads1 or bu/s1 are provid$ ) a pair ( w+s ( peacock's fea!rs2 !y re/ on a k9d ( p$e/al1 on :i* is also an op5 book inscrib$ ) ! maxim1 8 40 ,a l>ge s]p5t is se5 conf9$ by ! middle 9 a hole :i* mu/ be suppos$ to pass ?r\gh ! p$e/al2 & to x 7! p$e/al7 are *a9$ two globes1--"o surm\nt$ by a small cross1 l ! emblem ( imp]ial au?ority1 & ! o!r hav+ two w+s4 ,?is emblematic cut1 :i* is c]ta9ly n 8l'escu de ,coloigne10 is accompani$ ) ! motto 8,usus me ,g5uit40,,vi-#g ,at ! conclusion ( ! book is ! impr9t1 )9 an ornam5tal wood-cut bord]3 8,,excvdebant ,,lvgdvni ,,mel*ior ,,et ,,gasp> ,,tre*sel ,,fratres4 #aech40 ,! title is succe$$ by a preface1 ( six pages1 :i* is foll[$ by sev5 pages m1 descriptive ( 8div]ses tables de ,mort1 non pa9ctes1 mais extraictes de l'escripture sa9cte1 colores p> ,docteurs ,ecclesia/iques1 et umbrages p> ,philosophes40 ,aft] ^? v]bal sket*es ( ,dea? come ! cuts1 "o on ea* page2 & !y are succe$$ by a s]ies ( descriptions ( dea? & reflections on mortality1 ! g5]al title to :i*1 comm5c+ at signature ,h1 is1 8,figures de la ,mort moralem5t descriptes1 depe9ctes selon l'au?orit de l'scripture1 des sa9ctz ,p]es40 ,footnote ,,vi-#g3 ,x has be5 ?\ght necess>y to be ?us p>ticul> 9 describ+ ! title-page ( ?is r>e edition1 z x is incorrectly describ$ by ,mr4 ,d\ce4 ,9 ! copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ! title-page is want+4 ,by f> ! mo/ important passage 9 ! book1 at lea/ s f> z relates to ! design] or engrav] ( ! cuts1 occurs 9 ! preface1 :i* is writt5 mu* 9 ! /yle ( a p$antic fa!r-confessor to a nunn]y :o felt a pleasure 9 ornam5t+ 8 ,*ri/ian disc\rses & exhortations ) ! fl[]s ( ,pagan eloqu5ce4 ,! preface is address$1 8,a m\lt rev]5de ,abbesse du religieux conv5t ,s4 ,pi]re de ,lyon1 ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele1 ,salut dun vray ,zele10,,vi-#h & ! passage above m5tion$ is to ! foll[+ effect4 8,b to return to our figur$ repres5tations ( ,dea?1 we h greatly to regret ! dea? ( him :o has imag9$ su* elegant figures z are h]e9 conta9$1 z mu* excell+ all ^? h]et(ore pr9t$1,,vi-#i z ! pictures ( ,apelles or ( ,zeuxis surpass ^? ( mod]n times2 =1 8 fun]eal hi/ories1 ) _! gravely v]sifi$ descriptions1 excite su* admiration 9 behold]s1 t ! figures ( ,dea? appe> to !m mo/ life-l1 :ile ^? ( ! liv+ are ! v pictures ( mortality4 ,x !re=e seems to me t ,dea?1 fe>+ t ?is excell5t pa9t] w\ld pa9t him 9 a mann] s lively1 t he %\ld be no long] fe>$ z ,dea?1 & appreh5sive t ! arti/ w\ld ?us become immortal1 det]m9$ to %ort5 8 days1 & ?us prev5t him f9i%+ o!r subjects :i* he _h already drawn4 ,among ^! is "o ( a waggon]1 knock$ d[n & cru%$ "u 8 brok5 waggon1 ! :eels & horses ( :i* appe> s frightfully %att]$ & maim$ t x is z fe>ful to see _! ov]?r[ z x is amus+ to behold ! liquori%ness ( a figure ( ,dea?1 :o is p]ceiv$ rogui%ly suck+ ! w9e out ( a brok5 cask1 by means ( a re$4 ,to su* imp]fect subjects1 z to ! inimitable heav5ly b[ nam$ ,iris1,,vi-#aj no "o has v5tur$ to put ! la/ h&1 on acc\nt ( ! bold draw+1 p]spectives1 & %ad[s conta9$ 9 ?is inimitable *ef-d'uvre1 !re s gracefully del9eat$1 t f x we may d]ive a pleas+ sadness & a melan*oly pleasure1 z 9 a ?+ m\rnfully delightful40 ,! cut ( ! waggon]1 describ$ by ! ,fr5* euphui/1 01 h[ev]1 aft]w>ds f9i%$1 &1 ) o!rs1 ins]t$ 9 a subsequ5t edition ( ! "w4 ,x is figur$ 9 ! pres5t volume at page #cdd4 ,footnote ,,vi-#h3 ,?is 8vray ,zele0 hav+ said 9 ! fir/ page ( ! preface t ! "n & surname ( ! rev]$ abbess _h ! same s\nd z 8 own1 ) ! exception ( ! lett] ,t1 ! editor ( ! ,emblems conjectures 8t 8 "n 0 ,,jean1 or1 z x 0 anci5tly writt51 ,,jehan ,,de ,,ouszell1 or ,,ozell z x is n[ usually spelt40 ,footnote ,,vi-#i3 ,9 ! orig9al1 8avancantes autt les patrones jusques ici40 ,! ^w patrones1 ,i conceive to ref] to cuts pr9t$ f wood-blocks4 ,! editor ( ! ,emblems1 #afhh1 :o is foll[$ by ,mr4 ,ottley1 translat$ ! passage1 8exce$+ all ! examples hi!rto40 ,works execut$ by means ( a /5cil 7 9 old ,fr5* said to be patrones1 & ! ^w also appe>s to h be5 appli$ to impressions pr9t$ f wood-blocks4 ,! v]b patron] is ?us expla9$ 9 ,noel & ,*apsal's ,n\veau ,dictionnaire de la ,langue ,franaise1 ,p>is1 #ahbh3 8,t]me de c>ti]3 enduire de c\leur1 au moy5 du patron vid1 les endroits o cette c\leur doit p>atre40 ,footnote ,,vi-#aj3 ,mr4 ,d\ce supposes t ! ra9b[ "h allud$ to 0 t :i* appe>s 9 ! cut ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ! la/ b "o 9 ! fir/ edition4 ,! writ] evid5tly means ! natural ra9b[ :i* is mo/ly se5 imp]fect4 ,! numb] ( cuts 9 ! fir/ edition1 n[ "u exam9ation1 is =ty-"o2 above ea* is a text ( ,scripture1 9 ,lat92 & bel[ are f\r v]ses 9 ,fr5*--! 8descriptions sev]em5t ri?mes10 m5tion$ 9 ! preface--conta9+ "s moral or reflection g]mane to ! subject4 ,a few sets ( impressions ( all ^? cuts1 except "o1 appe> to h be5 tak5 be=e ! "w appe>$ at ,lyons4 ,!y h be5 pr9t$ by means ( a press1--n tak5 by friction 9 ! mann] 9 :i* wood engrav]s usually take _! pro(s1--& at ! top ( ea* cut is ! "n 9 ! ,g]man language1 b 9 ,italic type4 8,:y ^? ,g]man names10 says ,hegn]1 89 a "w :i*1 s f> z we "k1 0 fir/ publi%$ at ,lyons8 ,!y appe> to confirm ! op9ion ( ! cuts hav+ be5 actually engrav$ at ,basle2 & ! descriptions correspond ) ! dialect ( t city40 ,! late ,mr4 ,ottley _h impressions ( =ty ( ^? orig9al cuts1 & six ( ^? :i* 7 ins]t$ 9 a lat] edition4 ,9 8 ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 ,mr4 ,ottley1 speak+ ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 says3 8,x is c]ta9 t ! cuts _h be5 previ\sly pr9t$ at ,basle2 &1 inde$1 "s writ]s ass]t t ! "w 0 publi%$ 9 t city1 ) texts ( ,scripture1 9 ! ,g]man language1 above ! cuts1 & v]ses1 9 ! same language1 und]nea?1 z e>ly z #aecj2 al?\gh1 hi!rto1 ,i h be5 unable to meet ) or he> ( any p]son :o _h se5 a copy ( su* an edition40 ,9 a note ^u ?is passage1 ,jans51 ! compil] ( an ,essay on ! ,orig9 ( ,engrav+1 & ! anonym\s au?or ( a "w entitl$ ,notices sur les ,graveurs1 ,besanon1 #ahjg1 are cit$ z m5tion+ su* an edition4 ,to give e "o 8 due1 h[ev]1 & to %[ ! orig9al au?ority = ! exi/5ce ( su* an edition1 ,i beg "h to give an extract f ,papillon1 :o nev] felt any difficulty 9 suppos+ a date1 & ^: conjectures su* writ]s z ,jans5 h felt z little hesitation 9 conv]t+ into c]ta9ties4 ,! sub/ance ( ,papillon's obs]vations on ?is po9t is z foll[s3 8,b to return to ,holbe9's ,dance ( ,dea?1 :i* is unque/ionably a ma/]-piece ( wood engrav+4 ,!re are sev]al editions2 ! fir/ ( :i*1 s f> z may be judg$1 ought to be ab\t #aecj1 z has be5 already said1,,vi-#aa & 0 pr9t$ at ,basle or ,zuri*1 ) a title to ea* cut1 &1 ,i believe1 v]ses und]nea?1 all 9 ! ,g]man language40 ,:at ,papillon puts =? z a matt] ( conjecture & op9ion1 ,von ,murr1 ,jans51 & ! au?or ( ! ,notices sur les ,graveurs1 promulgate z facts1 & ,mr4 ,ottley ref]s to ! two latt] writ]s z if he 7 well incl9$ to give cr$it to _! ass]tions4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aa3 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #afh4 ,papillon 9 a prec$+ page _h obs]v$3 8,^! cuts mu/ h be5 engrav$ ab\t #aecj1 = we f9d ! f\r fir/ among ! little figures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t pr9t$ 9 #aeci1 f :i* x is easy to p]ceive t _m ?\s& impressions _h already be5 tak5 f ! blocks40--,^? f\r cuts 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 h n ! slighte/ appe>ance ( hav+ be5 f blocks t _h already furni%$ _m ?\s& impressions4 ,9 ! copy n[ be=e me1 ,i _c p]ceive a break or an imp]fection 9 ! mo/ delicate l9es4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! 8,hi/ori>um ,vet]is ,te/am5ti ,icones10 to :i* ,papillon alludes1 fir/ appe>$ 9 ! same ye> z ! ,simula*res1 #aech1 & f ! (fice ( ! same publi%]s1 ! bro!rs ,mel*ior & ,gasp> ,tre*sel4 ,f ! foll[+ passage x w\ld appe> t ,mr4 ,ottley _h also be5 will+ to believe t ^? impressions might h be5 accompani$ ) explanatory v]ses & texts ( ,scripture4 8,i h only to add1 ^u ! subject ( ?is celebrat$ "w1 t ,i am myself ! =tunate possessor ( =ty pieces1 7! complete s]ies ( ! fir/ edition1 except+ "o17 :i* are pr9t$ ) ! greate/ cle>ness & brilliancy ( effect1 on "o side ( ! pap] only2 ea* cut hav+ ov] x its title1 pr9t$ 9 ! ,g]man language ) moveable type4 ,x is possible t !y may orig9ally h _h v]ses und]nea?1 & texts ( ,scripture above1 9 addition to ! titles j m5tion$3 b z ! m>g9s are clipp$ on ! sides & at bottom1 x is n[ impossible to asc]ta9 ! fact40,,vi-#ab ,footnote ,,vi-#ab3 ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 & ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #gfb4 ,_h ! =ty impressions 9 "q be5 accompani$ ) v]ses & texts ( ,scripture1 !y c]ta9ly might be consid]$ z hav+ belong$ to an e>li] edition ( ! "w ?an t ( #aech1 & = ! exi/5ce ( :i* ,mr4 ,ottley has ref]r$ to ! te/imony ( ,jans5 & ! editor ( ! ,notices sur les ,graveurs1 pr9t$ at ,besanon4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a set ( ^? cuts pres]v$ 9 ! public libr>y at ,basle1 :i* seems cle>ly to prove t !y _h only be5 tak5 z specim5s )\t any fur!r accompanim5t ?an ! titles4 ,!y are pr9t$ on f\r folio leaves1 on only "o side ( ! pap]1 & !re are t5 cuts on ea* page2 ! title1 9 ! ,g]man language1 & 9 ,italic type1 l ,mr4 ,ottley's1 is pr9t$ above ea*2 & ! same cut--t ( ! a/rolog]--is also want+4 ,f ^! circum/ances !re c sc>cely be a d\bt t ! set =m]ly belong+ to ,mr4 ,ottley,,vi-#ac _h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! same mann]1 & t ea* impression _h subsequ5tly be5 cut out1 p]haps = ! purpose ( m\nt+ !m s+ly4 ,! foll[+ are ! titles giv5 to ^? cuts1 & to ea* is subjo9$ a lit]al translation4 ,!y are numb]$ z !y foll[ ea* o!r 9 ,,les ,,simula*res ,,et ,,hi/oriees ,,faces ,,de ,,la ,,mort1 #aech1 :i* p]haps may n be incorrectly express$ by ! ,engli% title1 8,pictorial & ,hi/orical ,portraits ( ,dea?40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ac3 ,^? cuts1 ) t ( ! a/rolog] & five o!rs1 suppli$ f a lat] edition1 7 b\ght1 at ! sale ( ,mr4 ,ottley's pr9ts1 9 #ahcg1 = ! ,briti% ,museum1 = #cg #ajs4 ,9 ! catalogue1 :i*1 ,i und]/&1 0 *iefly drawn up f 8 own memor&a1 !y are ?us describ$1 "u ! head 8,,hans ,,holbe910 ,no4 #deh3 8,,! ,,celebrat$ ,,dance ,,( ,,dea?1 fir/ impressions1 pr9t$ 7probably at ,basle1 ab\t #aecj17 ^u "o side only1 ) ,g]man titles at ! top 9 type2 suppos$ to be ,,unique40 ,t !y 7 pr9t$ 9 #aecj is highly improbable1 & !y c]ta9ly are ,,n unique4 #a4 ,die s*pfung all] d+--,! creation ( all ?+s4 #b4 ,adam ,eua im ,p>adys--,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise4 #c4 ,v]tribung ,ade ,eue--,! driv+ out ( ,adam & ,eve4 #d4 ,adam baugt die erd5--,adam cultivates ! e>?4 #e4 ,gebeyn all] m5s*5--,skeletons ( all m54 #f4 ,d] ,pap/--,! ,pope4 #g4 ,d] ,keys]--,! ,emp]or4 #h4 ,d] ,knig--,! ,k+4 #i4 ,d] ,c>d9al--,! ,c>d9al4 #aj4 ,die ,keys]9n4--,! ,empress4 #aa4 ,die ,knig9n--,! ,que54 #ab4 ,d] ,bis*(f--,! ,bi%op4 #ac4 ,d] ,h]tzog--,! ,duke4 #ad4 ,d] ,apt--,! ,abbot4 #ae4 ,die ,aptiss9n--,! ,abbess4 #af4 ,d] ,edelman--,! ,nobleman4 #ag4 ,d] ,?mh]r--,! ,canon4 #ah4 ,d] ,ri*t]--,! ,judge4 #ai4 ,d] ,frspr*--,! ,advocate4 #bj4 ,d] ,raht%]r--,! ,magi/rate4 #ba4 ,d] ,pr$icant--,! ,prea*+ ,fri>4 #bb4 ,d] ,pf>rh]r--,! ,p>i%-prie/4 #bc4 ,d] ,mn*--,! ,monk4 #bd4 ,die ,nunne--,! ,nun4 #be4 ,dass ,altweyb--,! ,old ,woman4 #bf4 ,d] ,artzet--,! ,doctor4 #bg4 7,want+ 9 ! specim5s47 ,! ,a/rolog]4 #bh4 ,d] ,ry*man--,! ,ri* ,man4 #bi4 ,d] ,kauffman--,! ,m]*ant4 #cj4 ,d] ,s*iffman--,! ,sailor4 #ca4 ,d] ,ritt]--,! ,knight4 #cb4 ,d] ,graff--,! ,c\nt4 #cc4 ,d] ,alt man--,! ,old ,man4 #cd4 ,die ,greff9n--,! ,c\ntess4 #ce4 ,die ,edelfraw--,! ,lady4 #cf4 ,die ,h]tzog9n--,! ,du*ess4 #cg4 ,d] ,krm]--,! ,p$l>4 #ch4 ,d] ,ack]man--,! ,f>m]4 #ci4 ,das ,jung ,k9t--,! ,"y ,*ild4 #dj4 ,das ,jng/ ,g]i*t--,! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 #da4 ,die ,wap5 des ,?ots--,dea?'s coat-(-arms4 ,9 #aedb a second edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ) ! same cuts z ! fir/1 0 publi%$ at ,lyons1 8,s\bz l'escu de ,coloigne10 by ,john & ,francis ,frellon1 :o appe> to h succe$$ to ! bus9ess ( ! bro!rs ,tre*sel1--if1 inde$1 ! latt] 7 n m]ely ! pr9t]s ( ! fir/ edition4 ,9 a ?ird edition1 ) ! title ,imag9es ,mortis1 #aede1 ! v]ses und]nea? ea* cut are 9 ,lat94,,vi-#ad ,a cut ( a lame begg>1 :i* has no relation to ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 is introduc$ z a tail-piece to "o ( ! disc\rses on dea?--,cypriani ,s]mo de ,mortalitate--at ! end ( ! volume2 b x is nei!r design$ nor execut$ 9 ! same /yle z ! o!rs4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ad3 ,! ,fr5* v]ses 7 translat$ into ,lat9 by ,george mylius1 8an em95t ,g]man div9e ( ,mansfelt10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8& ! au?or ( _m pi\s works40 ,9 a f\r? edition1 ) ! title 8,imag9es ,mortis10,,vi-#ae #aedg1 elev5 additional cuts are introduc$2 namely3 #a4 ,dea? fight+ ) a soldi] 9 ,swiss co/ume2 #b4 ,gambl]s1 ) a figure ( ,dea?1 & ano!r ( ! ,devil2 #c4 ,drunk>ds1 ) a figure ( ,dea?2 #d4 ,! ,fool1 ) a figure ( ,dea? play+ on ! bagpipes2 #e4 ,! ,robb] seiz$ by ,dea?2 #f4 ,! ,bl9d ,man & ,dea?2 #g4 ,! ,waggon] & ,dea?2 #h4 ,*ildr51 "o ( :om is borne on ! %\ld]s ( ! o!rs z a conqu]or triumph+2 #i4 ,a *ild ) a %ield & d>t2 #aj4 ,?ree *ildr52 "o rid+ on an arr[1 ano!r on a b[1 z on a hobby-horse1 ! ?ird c>ry+ a h>e ov] 8 %\ld]1 susp5d$ f a hunt+ pole2 #aa4 ,*ildr5 z ,bac*analians4 ,! la/ f\r subjects h no relation to a ,dance ( ,dea?1 b h evid5tly be5 introduc$ m]ely to increase ! numb] ( ! cuts2 !y are1 h[ev]1 beautifully design$ & well engrav$4 ,?is edition conta9s twelve m cuts1 reckon+ ! tail-piece ( ! ,lame ,begg>1 ?an ! fir/4 ,ano!r edition1 =m+ ! fif?1 0 also publi%$ 9 #aedg "u ! title ( 8,les ,images de la ,mort10 ) ,fr5* v]ses1 z 9 ! edition ( #aech4 ,! numb] ( cuts is ! same z 9 ! edition ( #aedg ) ,lat9 v]ses1 & ! title 8,imag9es ,mortis10 or 8,icones ,mortis40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ae3 ,"s copies h ! title 8,icones ,mortis20 & ?\gh !y correspond 9 e o!r respect ) ^? ( ! same ye>1 intitl$ ,imag9es ,mortis1 ,mr4 ,d\ce seems to consid] t ?is trifl+ v>iation is a suffici5t gr\nd = describ+ !m z diff]5t editions4 ,9 #aedi1 a six? edition1 ) ! same numb] ( cuts z ! la/1 0 publi%$1 "u ! title ( 8,simola*ri1 ,hi/orie1 e ,figure de la ,morte10 ) ! lett]-press 9 ,italian1 ) ! exception ( ! texts ( ,scripture1 :i* 7 9 ,lat91 z 9 ! o!rs4 ,9 ! preface1 ,john ,frellon--^: "n appe>s alone 9 ! edition ( #aedg1 & 9 ^? ( subsequ5t ye>s--compla9s ( a piracy ( ! book1 :i* 0 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aede1 ) fac-similes ( ! cuts ( ! fir/ edition4 8,frellon1 by way ( rev5ge10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8& to save ! tr\ble ( mak+ a new translation ( ! articles t compose ! volume1 made use ( t ( 8 ,italian competitor40,,vi-#af ,a sev5? edition1 ) ! title 8,icones ,mortis10 & conta9+ fifty-?ree cuts1 appe>$1 )\t any pr9t]'s "n1 9 #aeed4 ,footnote ,,vi-#af3 ,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #ajg1 edit4 #ahcc 7,bohn's edition1 p4 #ie74 ,x is /at$ 9 ! ,italian piracy t x 0 pr9t$ 8,con gratia e privilegio de l',illu/riss4 ,s5ato ,v9itiano1 p] anni dieci4 ,appresso ,v9c5zo ,vaugris1 al ,segno d',erasmo4 ,,mdxlv40 ,9 an eigh? edition1 #aefb1 ) ! title 8,les ,images de la ,mort1 auxquelles sont adj\/ees dix-sept figures10 five additional cuts are introduc$1 ?us mak+ sev5te5 m ?an are conta9$ 9 ! fir/4 ,! total numb] ( cuts 9 ! edition ( #aefb is fifty-eight2 & t ( ! ,lame ,begg>1 :i* fir/ appe>$ z a tail-piece 9 ! edition ( #aede1 has n[ a place among ! o!rs 9 ! body ( ! book4 ,! subjects ( ! five new cuts are3 #a4 ,! ,husb&1 ) a figure ( ,dea?2 #b4 ,! ,wife1--,dea? lead+ a "y woman by ! h&1 prec$$ by a "y man play+ on a k9d ( guit>2 #c4 ,*ildr5 z "p ( a triumph1 "o ( !m z a w>rior on horseback2 #d4 ,?ree *ildr52 "o ) a trophy ( arm\r1 ano!r c>ry+ a vase & a %ield1 ! ?ird seat$ nak$ on ! gr\nd2 #e4 ,*ildr5 ) musical in/rum5ts4 ,! subjects ( *ildr5 are design$ & execut$ 9 ! same /yle z ^? fir/ introduc$ 9 ! edition ( #aedg4 ,! la/ ( ^? five new cuts does n appe> 9 regul> ord] ) ! o!r fifty-sev52 b is giv5 z a tail-piece at ! end ( a preface to a devotional tract--,la ,m$ic9e de l',ame--9 ! latt] "p ( ! book4 ,mr4 ,d\ce m5tions ano!r edition ) ! date #aegd4 ,he1 h[ev]1 obs]ves 9 a note3 8,?is edition is giv5 on ! au?ority ( ,peignot1,,vi-#ag page #fb1 b has n be5 se5 by ! au?or ( ?is "w4 ,9 ! ye> #aedg !re 7 ?ree editions1 & x is n improbable t1 by ! transposition ( ! two la/ figures1 "o ( ^! might h be5 int5d$40 ,z "o ( ,mr4 ,d\ce's ?ree editions ( #aedg diff]s only f ano!r ( ! same date by hav+ 8,icones0 in/ead ( 8,imag9es0 9 ! title-page1 he might z consi/5tly h claim$ a f\r? = ! same ye> on ! gr\nd ( a probable transposition ( #gd = #dg4 ,all ! au!ntic editions ( ! 8,dance ( ,dea?10 previ\sly notic$1 7 publi%$ at ,lyons4 ,! fir/1 z has be5 already obs]v$1 0 9 small qu>to2 ! o!rs are describ$ by ,mr4 ,d\ce z be+ 9 duodecimo4 ,9 a ,dut* ,dance ( ,dea?1 intitl$ 8,de ,doodt v]mask]t met sw]elts ydelheit10 duodecimo1 ,antw]p1 #afed1 f\rte5 ( ! cuts1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,d\ce1 7 f ! orig9al blocks :i* _h be5 us$ 9 ! ,lyons editions4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ag3 ,au?or ( ! "w intitl$1 8,re*]*es sur les ,danses des ,morts40 ,dijon et ,p>is1 #ahbf4 ,x seems probable t ! e>lie/ copies ( ! cuts 9 8,les ,simula*res et ,hi/ories ,faces de la ,mort10 or ,dance ( ,dea?1 z ! "w is m frequ5tly call$1 appe>$ 9 a small folio1 intitl$ 8,todt5tantz10 pr9t$ at ,augsburg 9 #aedd1 by 8,job/ ,d5eck]1 ,=ms*neyd]40 ,z ,i h nev] se5 a copy ( ?is edition1 ,i take ! lib]ty ( extract+ ! foll[+ notice ( x f ,mr4 ,d\ce3 8,?is edition is n only valuable f its extreme r>ity1 b = ! v accurate & spirit$ mann] 9 :i* ! f9e orig9al cuts are copi$4 ,x conta9s all ! subjects t 7 !n publi%$1 b n arrang$ z ^? _h be54 ,x has ! addition ( "o s+ul> pr9t1 intitl$1 #8,d] ,eebre*]1' i4 e4 ! ,adult]]1 repres5t+ a man discov]+ ! adult]] 9 b$ ) 8 wife1 & plung+ 8 sword ?r\gh bo? ( !m1 ,dea? guid+ 8 h&s4 ,on ! opposite page to ea* engrav+ !re is a dialogue betwe5 ,dea? & ! p>ty1 & at bottom a ,lat9 hexamet]4 ,! subject ( ! ,plead] has ! unkn[n m>k ,symbol & on t ( ! ,du*ess 9 b$1 !re is ! date #aedb40,,vi-#ah ,mr4 ,d\ce is ( op9ion t ! 8,job/ ,d5eck]1 ,=ms*neyd]10 :o appe>s z ! pr9t]1 0 ! same p]son z ,job/ or ,jo/ de ,negk]1 ! wood engrav] ^: "n is at ! back ( "o ( ! cuts ( ! ,triumphal ,procession ( ,maximilian4--,! next copy ( ! "w is t intitl$ 8,simola*ri1 ,hi/orie1 e ,figure de la ,morte10 ,v5ice1 #aede1 ! piracy compla9$ ( by ,frellon 9 8 ,italian edition ( #aedi4 ,x conta9s =ty-"o cuts1 z 9 ! fir/ ,lyons edition ( #aech4 ,!re is no v>iation 9 ! figures2 b ! expression ( ! faces is frequ5tly lo/1 & ! g5]al execution ( ! :ole is greatly inf]ior to t ( ! orig9als4 ,ano!r edition1 9 ,lat91 0 publi%$ 9 #aedf2 & ,mr4 ,d\ce says t !re are impressions ( ! cuts on s+le %eets1 at ! bottom ( "o ( :i* is ! date #aefh4--;,9 #aeee1 an edition ) ! title 8,imag9es ,mortis10 ) fifty-?ree cuts1 simil> to ^? 9 ! ,lyons edition ( #aedg1 0 publi%$ at ,cologne by ! heirs ( ,arnold ,birkman1 ,cologne1 #aeee2 & !re are f\r o!r editions ( ! same "w1 respectively dat$ #aeeg1 #aeff1 #aefg1 & #aegb4 ,alt]ations are made 9 "s ( ^? cuts2 9 five ( !m ! m>k ,,sa is introduc$2 & 9 ! cut ( ! ,du*ess ! m>k ,symbol1 se5 on ! b$-frame 9 ! orig9al1 is omitt$4 ,all ! alt]ations are = ! worse2 "s ( ! figures seem l c>icatures ( ! orig9als2 & ! cuts g5]ally are1 9 po9t ( execution1 v inf]ior to ^? 9 ! ,lyons editions4 ,! "n ( ! arti/ to :om ! m>k ,,sa belongs is unkn[n4 ,9 ! preface to ! ,emblems ( ,mortality1 page xx1 ! writ] says x is 8t ( ,,silvius ,,antonianus1 an arti/ ( consid]able m]it40 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is m]ely "o ( ! blund]s ( ,papillon1 :o1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,d\ce1 has conv]t$ ! own] ( ?is m>k into a c>d9al4 ,papillon1 x w\ld seem1 _h obs]v$ x on ! cuts ( an edition ( ,fa]no's ,fables--pr9t$ at ,antw]p1 #aefg1 & d$icat$ to ,c>d9al ,borromeo by ,silvio ,antoniano1 pr(essor ( ,belles ,lettres at ,rome1 aft]w>ds a c>d9al himself--& )\t hesitation he conclud$ t ! editor 0 ! engrav]4,,vi-#ai ,! la/ ( ! editions publi%$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ) wood-cuts copi$ f ! ,lyons "w1 appe>$ at ,wittemb]g 9 #aeij4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ah3 ,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #aah4 ,edit4 #ahcc4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ai3 ,mr4 ,d\ce gives ano!r amus+ in/ance ( ,papillon's sagacity 9 assign+ m>ks & names to _! prop] own]s4 8,he 7,papillon7 _h se5 an edition ( ! ,emblems ( ,sambucus ) cuts1 be>+ ! m>k ,,sa1 9 :i* !re is a f9e portrait ( ! au?or ) 8 fav\rite dog1 & "u ! latt] ! ^w ,,bombo1 :i* ,papillon gravely /ates to be ! "n ( ! engrav]2 & f9d+ ! same ^w on ano!r ( ! emblems1 :i* has also ! dog1 he concludes t all ! cuts :i* h n ! ,,sa 7 engrav$ by ! same ,,bombo40--,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #aad1 #ahcc4 ,^? blund]s ( ,papillon are to be f\nd 9 8 ,trait ,hi/orique et ,pratique de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 pp4 #bch et #ebe4 ,v>i\s editions ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ) copp]-plate engrav+s g5]ally copi$ f ! "w publi%$ at ,lyons1 are enum]at$ by ,mr4 ,d\ce1 b only "o ( !m seems to require notice "h4 ,betwe5 #afdg & #afea ,holl> et*$ ?irty subjects f ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 introduc+ occasionally a few alt]ations4 ,f a c>eful exam9ation ( ^? et*+s1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t mo/ ( !m 7 copi$ n f ! cuts 9 any ( ! ,lyons editions1 b f ^? 9 ! edition publi%$ by ! heirs ( ,birkman at ,cologne4 ,! orig9al copp]-plates ( ,holl>'s ?irty et*+s hav+ come into ! possession ( ,mr4 ,james ,edw>ds1 =m]ly a booksell] 9 ,pall-,mall1 he publi%$ an edition 9 duodecimo1 )\t date1 b ab\t #agid1,,vi-#bj ) prelim9>y obs]vations on ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 writt5 by ! late ,mr4 ,f4 ,d\ce4 ,^? prelim9>y obs]vations are ! g]m ( ,mr4 ,d\ce's beautiful & m complete volume1 publi%$ by ,w4 ,pick]+ 9 #ahcc 7& republi%$ ) additions by ,mr4 ,bohn 9 #aheh74 ,z ,petr>*'s amatory sonnets & poems h be5 call$ 8a lab\r ( ,love10 ) equal propriety may ,mr4 ,d\ce's la/ "w be intitl$ 8a lab\r ( ,dea?40 ,sc>cely a cut or an engrav+ t conta9s ev5 a dea?'s head & cross-bones appe>s to h escap$ 8 notice4 ,incorporat$ is a ,catalogue raisonn :i* conta9s an enum]ation ( all ! tomb-/ones 9 ,engl& & ,wales t are ornam5t$ ) ^? /&>d 8,emblems ( ,mortality10--skull1 ?igh-bones 9 saltire1 & h\r-glass4 ,9 8 la/ 8,opus ,magnum ,mortis10 ! notices ( ! sev]al ,dances ( ,dea? 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe are v mu* enl>g$1 b he has n be5 able to adduce any fur!r argum5ts or evid5ces beyond :at appe>$ 9 8 fir/ essay1 to %[ t ! cuts 9 ! orig9al edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 publi%$ at ,lyons1 7 n design$ by ,holbe94 ,?r\gh\t ! "w !re are und5iable pro(s ( ! dilig5ce ( ! collector2 b no evid5ces ( a m9d t c\ld make !m available to a useful end4 ,he is at once sceptical & cr$ul\s2 he d5ies t any poet ( ! "n ( ,macab] ev] liv$2 & yet he believes1 on ! sole au?ority ( "o ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,pic>d1 ^: exi/5ce is z d\btful z ,macab]'s1 t ,holbe9 pa9t$ a ,dance ( ,dea? z l>ge z life1 9 fresco1 9 ! old palace at ,:itehall4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bj3 ,mr4 ,d\ce himself says1 8ab\t #agid40 ,a copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 =m]ly belong+ to ! late ,rev]5d ,c4 ,m4 ,cra*]ode1 has1 h[ev]1 t g5tleman's usual m>k1 & ! date #agic4 ,hav+ n[ giv5 a li/ ( all ! au!ntic editions ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? & ( ! pr9cipal copies ( x1 ,i %all next1 be=e say+ any?+ ab\t ! suppos$ design] or engrav]1 lay be=e ! read] a few specim5s ( ! orig9al cuts4 ,mr4 ,d\ce obs]ves1 ( ! =ty-n9e cuts giv5 9 8 ,dance ( ,dea?1 #ahcc1 t 8!y may be v ju/ly reg>d$ z sc>cely di/+ui%able f _! f9e orig9als40 ,n[1 )\t any int5tion ( depreciat+ ^! clev] copies1 ,i mu/ pron\nce !m inf]ior to ! orig9als1 especially 9 ! heads & h&s4 ,9 ?is respect ! wood-cuts ( ! fir/ ,lyons edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? are unrivall$ by any o!r productions ( ! art ( wood engrav+1 ei!r 9 pa/ or pres5t times4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 :5 m]e delicacy ( cutt+ 9 ! mod]n ,fr5* ta/e is (t5 mi/ak5 = good engrav+1 !re are d\btless _m admir]s ( ! art :o fancy t !re w\ld be no difficulty 9 f9d+ a wood engrav] :o might be fully compet5t to accurately copy ! orig9als 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! exp]im5t1 h[ev]1 w\ld probably conv9ce ! und]tak] ( su* a task1 :oev] he might be1 t he _h 9 ?is in/ance ov]-rat$ 8 abilities4 ,let ! heads 9 ! ,lyons cuts1 & ^? ( any copies ( !m1 old or rec5t1 be exam9$ ) a magnify+ glass1 & ! excell5ce ( ! =m] w appe> /ill m decid$ly ?an :5 view$ ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! foll[+ cut is a copy ( ! same size z ! orig9al1 :i* is ! second ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ( ! edition ( #aech4 ,! subject is ,adam & ,eve eat+ ( ! =bidd5 fruit2 & 9 ! s]ies ( e>ly impressions1 =m]ly ,mr4 ,ottley's1 b n[ 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 x is intitl$ 8,adam ,eva im ,p>adyss0--,adam & ,eve 9 ,p>adise4 ,! s]p5t1 z 9 _m o!r old engrav+s1 z well z 9 pa9t+s1 is repres5t$ ) a human face4 ,9 ord] to convey an idea ( ! orig9al page1 ?is cut is accompani$ ) its explanatory text & v]ses pr9t$ 9 simil> type4 ,illu/ration3 ,quia auditi vocem vxoris tu1 com$iti de ligno ex quo precep]am tibi ne com$]es c4 ,,g5esis ,,iii ,figure ,,adam fut p> ,,eve deceu ,et contre ,,diev mangea la pomm ,dont t\s deux out la ,mort receu1 ,et depuis fut mortel t\t homme4 ,c ,9 ! two fir/ cuts1 :i* repres5t ! ,creation ( ,eve1 & ,adam tak+ ! =bidd5 fruit1 ! figure ( ,dea? is n se54 ,9 ! ?ird1 ,adam & ,eve driv5 out ( ,p>adise1 ,dea?1 play+ on a k9d ( lyre1 is se5 prec$+ !m2 & 9 ! f\r?1 ,adam cultivat+ ! e>?1 ,dea? is p]ceiv$ assi/+ him 9 8 lab\r4 ,9 ! fif?1 intitl$ ,gebeyn all] m5s*5--,skeletons ( all m5--9 ! e>ly impressions ( ! cuts1 =m]ly belong+ to ,mr4 ,ottley1 b n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 all ! figures are skeletons2 "o ( !m is se5 beat+ a pair ( kettle drums1 :ile o!rs are s\nd+ trumpets1 z if rejoic+ 9 ! p[] :i* _h be5 giv5 to ,dea? 9 consequ5ce ( ! fall ( man4 ,! texts above ?is cut are1 8,v v v habitantibus 9 t]ra4 ,,apocalypsis ,,viii20 & 8,cuncta 9 quibus spiraculum vit e/1 mortua sunt4 ,,g5esis ,,vii40 ,9 ! six? cut !re are two figures ( ,dea?1--"o gr9n+ at ! pope z he be/[s ! cr[n on a kneel+ emp]or1 & ! o!r1 we>+ a c>d9al's hat1 z a witness ( ! c]emony4 ,9 ! ?irty-six? cut1 ! ,du*ess1 !re are two figures ( ,dea? introduc$1 & !re are also two 9 ! ?irty-sev5?1 ! ,p$l>2 b 9 all ! o!rs ( ?is edition1 f ! sev5? to ! ?irty-n9?1 inclusive1 !re is only a s+le figure ( ,dea?1 & 9 e in/ance 8 action & expression are highly comic1 mo/ di/9ctly ev9c+ t man's de/ruction is 8 sport4 ,9 ! =tie? cut !re is no figure ( ,dea?2 ! ,deity seat$ on a ra9b[1 ) 8 feet re/+ on ! globe1 is se5 pron\nc+ f9al judgm5t on ! human race4 ,! =ty-fir/1 & la/ cut ( ! orig9al edition1 repres5ts ,dea?'s coat-(-arms----,die wap5 des ,?ots4 ,on an escut*eon1 :i* is r5t 9 sev]al places1 is a dea?'s-head1 ) some?+ l a l>ge worm proce$+ f ! m\?2 above ! escut*eon1 a b>r$ helmet1 se5 9 front l t ( a sov]eign pr9ce1 is probably int5d$ to repres5t ! p[] ( ,dea?2 ! cre/ is a pair ( fle%less arms hold+ some?+ l a l>ge /one imm$iately above an h\r-glass2 on ! dext] side ( ! escut*eon /&s a g5tleman1 :o seems to be call+ ! att5tion ( ! spectator to ?is mem5to ( ,dea?1 & on ! opposite side is a lady2 9 ! di/ance are ,alp9e m\nta9s1 ! top ( ! highe/ p>tly %ad$ by a cl\d4 ,! appropriate text is1 8,memor>e novissima1 et 9 t]num non peccabis4 ,,eccle4 ,,vii20 & ! foll[+ are ! v]ses und]nea?3 8,si tu veulx vivre sans pe* ,voy ce/e imaige a t\s propos1 ,et po9t ne s]as empes* ,qu& tu t'en iras en repos40 ,illu/ration ,! total numb] ( cuts ( ! fir/ edition 9 :i* ,dea? is se5 att5d+ on m5 & wom5 ( all ranks & conditions1 mock+ !m1 seiz+ !m1 slay+ !m1 or m]rily lead+ !m to _! end1 is ?irty-sev54 ,illu/ration3 ,spiritus meus att5uabitur1 dies mihi bre- viabuntur1 olum mihi up]et epul- *rum4 ,,iob ,,xvii ,figure ,mes ep]itz ont att5driz1 ,et ma uie 'en ua t\t beau4 ,las mes longz i\rs ont amo9driz ,plus ne me rete qu'un tombeau4 ,! above cut is a copy ( ! ?irty-?ird1 ! ,old ,man--,d] ,alt man--:om ,dea? leads 9 confid+ imbecility to ! grave1 :ile he pret5ds to support him & to amuse him ) ! music ( a dulcim]4 ,! text & v]ses are giv5 z !y /& 9 ! orig9al4 ,! foll[+ cut is a copy ( ! ?irty-six?1 ! ,du*ess--,die ,h]tzog9n4 ,9 ?is cut1 z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$1 !re are two figures ( ,dea?2 "o r\ses h] f ! b$--:]e %e appe>s to h be5 indulg+ 9 an aft]noon nap--by pull+ (f ! cov]let1 :ile ! o!r treats h] to a tune on ! viol94 ,on ! frame ( ! b$1 or c\*1 to ! left1 ne> ! bottom ( ! cut1 is se5 ! m>k ,,hl1 :i* has n a little increas$ ! difficulty ( arriv+ at any cle> & unque/ionable conclusion ) respect to ! design] or engrav] ( ^? cuts4 ,! text & ! v]ses are giv5 lit]ally1 z 9 ! two prec$+ specim5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,de lectulo up] quem ac5di- ti non dec5des1 ed morte mori]is4 ,,iii ,,reg4 ,i ,figure ,du lict u lequel z mont ,ne dec5dras a ton plaiir4 ,c> ,mort t'aura tantot dompt1 ,et en brief te ui5dra aiir4 ,! foll[+ cut1 ! ,*ild--,das ,iung ,k9t--is a copy ( ! ?irty-n9?1 & ! la/ b two 9 ! orig9al edition4 ,dea? hav+ be5 repres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ cuts z beguil+ m5 & wom5 9 c\rt & c\ncil-*amb]1 9 b$-room & hall1 9 /reet & field1 by sea & by l&1 is "h repres5t$ z visit+ ! dilapidat$ cottage ( ! poor1 &1 :ile ! "m is engag$ 9 cook+1 seiz+ h] y\nge/ *ild4 ,illu/ration3 ,homo natus de muli]e1 brevi viv5s tempore repletur multis mieriis1 qui quai flos egre- ditur1 cont]itur1 fugit velut umbra4 ,,iob ,,xiiii ,figure ,t\t homme de la femme yant ,remply de miere1 d'encombre1 ,a9i que fleur tot f9iant1 ,sort puis fuyt comme faict l'umbre4 ,! cut ( ! ,waggon ov]turn$1 f :i* ! foll[+ is copi$1 fir/ appe>$ ) t5 o!rs 9 ! edition ( #aedg4 ,f an inspection ( ?is cut1 :i* mo/ probably is t m5tion$ z be+ left unf9i%$1 9 ! prefatory address to ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele 9 ! fir/ edition1 #aech1 x w be p]ceiv$ t ! description :i* is !re giv5 ( x is n correct1 & h5ce arises a d\bt if ! writ] _h actually se5 x4 ,he describes ! driv] z knock$ d[n1 & ly+ bruis$ "u 8 brok5 waggon1 & he says t ! figure ( ,dea? is p]ceiv$ rogui%ly suck+ ! w9e out ( a brok5 cask by means ( a re$4,,vi-#ba ,9 ! cut itself1 h[ev]1 ! waggon] is se5 /&+1 wr++ 8 h&s z if 9 despair on acc\nt ( ! accid5t1 & a figure ( ,dea?1--= !re are two 9 ?is cut1--in/ead ( suck+ ! w9e1 appe>s to be engag$ 9 undo+ ! rope or *a9 by :i* ! cask is secur$ to ! waggon4 ,a second figure ( ,dea? is p]ceiv$ c>ry+ (f "o ( ! waggon-:eels4 ,9 ?is cut ! subject is n s well treat$ z 9 mo/ ( ^? 9 ! edition ( #aech2 & x is also n s well engrav$4--,! text & v]ses annex$ are f ! edition ( #aefb4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ba3 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 :5 correct+ ! mi/ake ( ! writ] ( ! address1 commits an error himself4 ,he says t 8,dea? is 9 ! act ( untwi/+ ! fa/5+ to "o ( ! hoops40 ,n[1 x is v evid5t t he is undo+ ! rope or *a9 t /eadies ! cask & conf9es x to ! waggon4 ,he has hold ( ! /ake or piece ( wood1 :i* s]ves z a twit* to tight5 ! rope or *a91 9 ! mann] 9 :i* l>ge timb] is secur$ to ! waggon 9 ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,il *eut en son *>iot4 ,i4 ,,rois ,,ix4 ,figure ,au passage de ,,mort p]v]se ,raison1 ,*>ti] t\t esp]du1 ,du corps le *>1 *evaux v]se1 ,le v9 7sang de vie7 esp]du4 ,( ! elev5 additional cuts ins]t$ 9 ! edition ( #aedg1 !re are f\r ( *ildr51 :i*1 z has already be5 obs]v$ 9 page #ccd1 h n ! slighte/ connexion ) ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( "o ( !m4 ,! editor seems to h f\nd no difficulty 9 provid+ ! subject ) a text2 & x s]ves z a peg to hang a quatra9 on z well z ! o!rs :i* conta9 p]sonifications ( ,dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,il s]a p]c de sagettes4 ,,exod4 ,,xix4 ,figure ,l'eage du s5s1 du sang l'ardeur ,e/ legi] d>d1 foible escu ,contre ,,mort1 qui un tel d>deur ,de son propre d>d r5d va9cu4 ,9 ! edition ( #aefb five m cuts are ins]t$2 b two ( !m only--! ,bridegroom & ! ,bride--h relation to ! ,dance ( ,dea?2 ! o!r ?ree are ( a simil> "* to ! f\r cuts ( *ildr5 fir/ ins]t$ 9 ! edition ( #aedg4 ,all ! sev5 cuts ( *ildr5 h be5 evid5tly design$ by ! same p]son4 ,!y are well engrav$1 b n 9 s ma/]ly a /yle z ! =ty-"o cuts ( ! orig9al edition4 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( "o ( ! ?ree :i* 7 ins]t$ 9 ! edition ( #aefb4 ,illu/ration3 ,il p>tira les despoilles avec les puissans4 ,,isaie ,,liii4 ,figure ,p\r les victoires triumphes ,sur les plus =ts des huma9s curs1 ,les despoilles dresse en trophes ,la ,,mort va9cresse des va9queurs4 ,hav+ n[ giv5 :at1 p]haps1 may be consid]$ a suffici5tly ample acc\nt ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 x next appe>s necess>y to make "s enquiries respect+ ! design] ( ! cuts4 ,until ! publication ( ,mr4 ,d\ce's obs]vations1 prefix$ to ! edition ( ,holl>'s et*+s f ^? cuts1 by ,edw>ds1 ab\t #agid1 sc>cely any writ] :o m5tions !m seems to ent]ta9 a d\bt ( _! hav+ be5 design$ by ,holbe92 & ,papillon1 9 8 usual mann]1 claims him z a wood engrav]1 & unhesitat+ly decl>es t n only ! cuts ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 b all ! o!r cuts :i* are g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 ( 8 design+1 7 engrav$ by himself4 ,mr4 ,d\ce's argum5ts are almo/ entirely negative1--= he produces no satisfactory evid5ce to %[ t ^? cuts 7 c]ta9ly design$ by "s o!r arti/1--& !y are *iefly f\nd$ on ! passage 9 ! fir/ ,lyons edition1 :]e ! writ] speaks ( ! dea? ( ! p]son 8qui n\s en a icy imag9 si elegantes figures40 ,! sum ( ,mr4 ,d\ce's objections to ,holbe9 be+ ! design] ( ! cuts 9 "q is z foll[s4 8,! s+ul>ity ( ?is curi\s & int]e/+ d$ication is des]v+ ( ! utmo/ att5tion4 ,x seems v /rongly1 if n decisively1 to po9t out ! edition to :i* x is prefix$1 z ! fir/2 & :at is ( /ill m importance1 to deprive ,holbe9 ( any claim to ! inv5tion ( ! "w4 ,x mo/ c]ta9ly uses su* t]ms ( art z c sc>cely be mi/ak5 z convey+ any o!r s5se ?an t ( orig9ality ( design4 ,!re _c be words ( pla9] import ?an ^? :i* describe ! pa9t]1 z he is expressly call$1 del9eat+ ! subjects & leav+ sev]al ( !m unf9i%$3 & :oev] ! arti/ might h be51 x cle>ly appe>s t he 0 n liv+ 9 #aech4 ,n[1 x is well kn[n t ,holbe9's dea? did n take place be=e ! ye> #aeed1 dur+ ! plague :i* ravag$ ,london at t "t4 ,if !n ! expressions us$ 9 ?is d$ication signify any?+1 x may surely be ask$ :at becomes ( any claim on ! "p ( ,holbe9 to ! designs ( ! "w 9 "q1 or does x n at lea/ rema9 9 a situation ( d\bt & difficulty80,,vi-#bb ,) respect to ! true import ( ! passage ref]r$ to1 my op9ion is almo/ directly ! rev]se ( t express$ by ,mr4 ,d\ce4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bb3 ,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #hh4 ,edit4 #ahcc 7,bohn's edit4 #aheh1 p4 #gg47 ,:at ! writ] ( ! address to ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele1 9 ! ,lyons edition ( #aech1 says respect+ ! unf9i%$ cuts1 tak5 all toge!r1 seems to relate m prop]ly to ! engrav] ?an ! design]2 m especially :5 we f9d t a cut--t ( ! ,waggon]1--expressly notic$ by him z be+ !n unf9i%$1 0 giv5 ) o!rs ( a simil> "* 9 a subsequ5t edition4 ,f ! incorrect mann] 9 :i* ! cut ( ! ,waggon] is describ$1 ,i am v mu* incl9$ to ?9k t ! writ] _h nei!r se5 ! orig9al nor ! o!r subjects already trac$--! 8plusieurs aultres figures j p> luy trasses0--( ^: 8bold draw+1 p]spectives1 & %ad[s10 he speaks 9 su* t]ms ( admiration4 ,if ! writ] knew little ( ! process ( wood engrav+1 he w\ld be v likely to commit ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t ! engrav] 0 also ! design] ( ! cuts4 ,?\gh ,i consid] x by no means unlikely t ! engrav] might h be5 dead be=e ! publication ( ! fir/ edition1 yet ,i am v mu* incl9$ to believe t ! passage 9 :i* ! cuts are m5tion$ is purposely involv$ 9 obscurity3 ! writ]1 :ile he speaks ( ! deceas$ arti/ 9 t]ms ( ! highe/ comm5dation1 at ! same "t c>efully conceals 8 "n4 ,if ! acc\nt 9 ! preface be admitt$ z correct1 x w\ld appe> t ! cuts 7 bo? design$ & engrav$ by ! same p]son1 & t ^? already drawn on ! block,,vi-#bc rema9$ unf9i%$ 9 consequ5ce ( 8 decease2 = if he 7 n ! engrav]1 :at prev5t$ ! execution ( ! o!r subjects already trac$1 & ( :i* ! bold draw+1 p]spective1 & %ad[s1 all s gracefully del9eat$1 are di/9ctly m5tion$8 ,! engrav]1 :oev] he might be1 0 c]ta9ly n only ! be/ ( 8 age1 b cont9ues unsurpass$ to ! pres5t day1 & ,i am satisfi$ t su* precision ( l9e z is se5 9 ! heads c\ld only be acquir$ by great practice4 ,! designs are s excell5t 9 draw+ & composition1 & s admirably are ! diff]5t *>act]s repres5t$1--) su* _s1 hum\r1 & appropriate expression1--t to h produc$ !m w\ld conf] additional hon\r on ev5 ! greate/ pa9t]s ( t or any o!r p]iod4 ,are we !n to suppose t ^? excell5cies ( design & ( engrav+ 7 comb9$ 9 an obscure individual ^: "n is n to be f\nd 9 ! roll ( fame1 :o liv$ comp>atively unkn[n1 & ^: dea? is only incid5tally notic$ 9 an ambigu\s preface writt5 by a nameless p$ant1 & pr(ess$ly address$ to an abbess ^: v exi/5ce is que/ionable8,,vi-#bd ,su* a supposition ,i conceive to be 9 ! highe/ degree improbable2 &1 on ! contr>y1 ,i am p]fectly satisfi$ t ! cuts 9 "q 7 n design$ & engrav$ by ! same p]son4 ,fur!rmore1 admitt+ ! address to ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele to be writt5 9 good fai?1 ,i am firmly ( op9ion t ! p]son ^: dea? is !re m5tion$1 0 ! engrav]1 & n ! design] ( ! cuts ( ! fir/ edition4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bc3 ,! words 8j p> luy trasses0 w apply m prop]ly to draw+s already made on ! block1 b un5grav$1 ?an to unf9i%$ draw+s on pap]4 ,x is inde$ almo/ c]ta9 t ! writ] meant ! =m]1 = _! 8audacieux traicts1 p]spectives1 et umbrages0 are m5tion$2 !y 7 moreov] 8gracieusem5t del9ies40 ,^! expressions w apply correctly to a f9i%$1 ?\gh un5grav$ design on ! block1 b sc>cely to an unf9i%$ draw+ on pap]4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bd3 ,i am v mu* incl9$ to ?9k t ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele is a fictiti\s "*4 ,i h _h no opportunities ( le>n+ if su* a p]son 7 really abbess ( ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,lyons 9 #aech1 & mu/ !re=e leave ?is po9t to be decid$ by "s o!r enquir]4 ,! m>k ,,hl 9 ! cut ( ! ,du*ess1 is c]ta9ly n ,holbe9's2 & ,mr4 ,d\ce says1 8t x 0 int5d$ to express ! "n ( ! design]1 _c be support$ by evid5ce ( any k9d40 ,t x is n ! m>k ( ! design]1 ,i agree ) ,mr4 ,d\ce1 b my conclusion is drawn f premises directly ! rev]se ( 82 = _h ,i n f\nd evid5ce else:]e to conv9ce me t ?is m>k c only be t ( ! engrav]1 ,i %\ld mo/ c]ta9ly h conclud$ t x 0 int5d$ = ! m>k ( ! design]4 ,9 direct opposition to :at ,mr4 ,d\ce "h says1 up to ! "t ( ! publication ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 ! m>k on wood-cuts is mo/ frequ5tly t ( ! design]1 & :5ev] t ( ! engrav] appe>s1 x is z an exception to ! g5]al cu/om4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ^u ! evid5ce ( ! m>k alone t ! great] "p ( ! wood-cut designs ( ,dur]1 ,crana*1 ,burgmair1 ,behaim1 ,baldung1 ,grn1 & o!r old ma/]s1 are respectively ascrib$ to !m4 ,! cuts ( ! ,triumphal ,procession ( ,maximilian ) ,hans ,burgmair's m>k 9 front1 & ! names ( ! engrav]s writt5 at ! back ( ! blocks1 may s]ve z an illu/ration ( ! g5]al practice1 :i* is directly ! rev]se ( ,mr4 ,d\ce's op9ion4 ,if ! weight ( probability be n on ! opposite side1 ! m>k 9 "q ought c]ta9ly1 accord+ to ! usual practice ( ! p]iod1 to be consid]$ z t ( ! design]4 ,9 a subsequ5t page ( ! same *apt]1 ,mr4 ,d\ce mo/ inconsi/5tly says1 8,!re is an un=tunate ambiguity connect$ ) ! m>ks t are f\nd on anci5t engrav+s on wood1 & x has be5 a v great error on ! "p ( all ! writ]s :o treat on su* engrav+s1 9 ref]r+ ! m>ks t accompany !m to ! block-cutt]s1 or z ! ,g]mans prop]ly d5om9ate !m ! =ms*neid]s1 :il/1 p]haps1 ! greate/ "p ( !m really belong to ! design]s40 ,he commits 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! *apt] ! v error :i* he ascribes to o!rs4 ,accord+ to 8 own pr9ciples1 z express$ 9 ! la/ extract1 he 0 b\nd to all[ ! m>k ,,hl to be t ( ! design] until he c\ld %[ on probable gr\nds t x 0 n4 ,b ?\gh ,mr4 ,d\ce might d5y t ,holbe9 7 ! design] ( ^? cuts1 x seems t he dur/ n v5ture to foll[ up ! l9e ( 8 argum5t1 & decl>e t ,hans ,lutzelburg] 0 ! design]1 :i* he c]ta9ly might h done ) at lea/ z mu* reason z has l$ him to decide t ,holbe9 0 n4 ,b he prud5tly ab/a9$ f v5tur+ on su* an affirmation1 ! improbability ( :i*1 not)/&+ ! m>k1 might h l$ 8 read]s to inquire1 h[ x happ5$ t s tal5t$ an arti/ %\ld h rema9$ s long undiscov]$1 & t ev5 8 contempor>ies %\ld n h kn[n him z ! design] ( ^? subjects4 ,?\gh ,i am satisfi$ t ! m>k ,,hl is t ( ! engrav] ( ! cuts 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 ,i by no means pret5d to acc\nt = its appe>+ alone--?us =m+ an exception to ! g5]al rule--)\t ! m>k ( ! design]1 & )\t any m5tion ( 8 "n ei!r 9 ! title or preface to ! book4 ,we h no k ( ! connexion 9 ! way ( bus9ess betwe5 ! work+ wood engrav]s & ! design]s ( t p]iod2 b !re seems reason to believe t ! =m] sometimes got draw+s made at _! own exp5se & risk1 &1 :5 engrav$1 ei!r publi%$ !m on _! own acc\nt1 or dispos$ ( !m to booksell]s & pr9t]s4 ,x is also to be obs]v$ t ab\t ! "t ( ! publication ( ! fir/ ,lyons edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 or a few ye>s be=e1 wood engrav]s began to occasionally introduce _! "n or m>k into ! cut1 9 addition to t ( ! design]4 ,a cut1 9 a ,g]man translation ( ,cic]o de ,(ficiis1 ,frank=t1 #aech1 conta9s two m>ks2 "o ( !m be+ t ( ,hans ,sebald ,behaim1 & ! o!r1 ! lett]s ,h4 ,w41 :i* ,i take to be t ( ! engrav]4 ,at a lat] p]iod ?is practice became m frequ5t1 & a consid]able numb] ( wood-cuts execut$ betwe5 #aedj & #aehj conta9 two m>ks2 "o ( ! design]1 & ! o!r ( ! engrav]3 9 wood-cuts design$ by ,virgil ,solis 9 p>ticul>1 d\ble m>ks are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,z x seems evid5t t ! publi%]s ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? 7 desir\s ( conceal+ ! "n ( ! design]1 & z x appe>s likely t !y _h pur*as$ ! cuts ready engrav$ f a ,swiss or a ,g]man1--= ! designs are c]ta9ly n ,fr5*1--x surely _c be surpris+ t he %\ld wi% to affix 8 m>k to ^? mo/ admirable specim5s ( art4 ,moreov]1 if ^? cuts 7 n execut$ "u ! p]sonal sup]9t5d5ce ( ! design]1 b :5 he 0 *iefly resid5t 9 a di/ant c\ntry1 ! engrav] w\ld ?us h ! uncontroll$ lib]ty ( ins]t+ 8 own m>k2 & m especially1 if ^? cuts 7 a private speculation ( 8 own1 & n execut$ = a publi%] :o _h employ$ an arti/ to make ! designs4 ,ano!r reason1 p]haps equally u good z any ( ! =ego+1 might be sugge/$2 z ^? cuts are decid$ly ! be/ execut$ ( any ( t p]iod1 ! design]--ev5 if he _h opportunities ( see+ ! pro(s--might h p]mitt$ ! m>k ( ! engrav] to appe> on "o ( !m1 9 approbation ( 8 tal5t4 ,?is m>k1 ,,hl1 0 fir/ assign$ to a wood engrav] nam$ ,hans ,lutzelburg]1 by ,m4 ,*ri/ian von ,me*el1 a celebrat$ engrav] ( ,basle1 :o 9 #aghj publi%$ =ty-five copp]-plate engrav+s ( a ,dance ( ,dea? f draw+s said to be by ,holbe91 & :i* almo/ 9 e respect agree ) ! correspond+ cuts 9 ! ,lyons "w1 ?\gh ( great] size4,,vi-#be ,m4 ,me*el's conjecture respect+ ! engrav] ( ^? cuts appe>s to h be5 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! sixte5? volume ( ,von ,murr's ,j\rnal2 b ?\gh ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he is correct1 x has n be5 satisfactorily %[n t ,hans ,lutzelburg] ev] us$ ! m>k ,,hl4 ,he1 h[ev]1 liv$ at t p]iod1 & x is almo/ c]ta9 t he execut$ an alphabet ( small initial lett]s repres5t+ a ,dance ( ,dea?1 :i* appe> to h be5 fir/ us$ at ,basle by ! pr9t]s ,bebelius & ,crat&] ab\t #aecj4 ,we give 7on ! foll[+ page7 ! entire s]ies4 ,he is also suppos$ to h engrav$ two o!r alphabets ( ornam5tal initial lett]s1 "o repres5t+ a dance ( peasants1 8int]mix$10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8) o!r subjects1 "s ( :i* are n ( ! mo/ delicate nature20 ! o!r repres5t+ gr\ps ( *ildr5 9 v>i\s playful attitudes4 ,all ^? ?ree alphabets are g5]ally describ$ by ,g]man & ,swiss writ]s on art z hav+ be5 design$ by ,holbe92 & few imp>tial p]sons ,i conceive c h mu* d\bt on ! subject1 if almo/ p]fect id5tity betwe5 mo/ ( ! figures & ^? 9 8 kn[n productions be all[$ to h any weight4 ,footnote ,,vi-#be3 ,me*el's "w is 9 folio1 ) f\r subjects on ea* full page1 & is entitl$ 8,oeuvre de ,jean ,holbe91 ou ,receuil de ,gravures d'aprs ses plus beaux ouvrages1 c4 ,premire ,p>tie4 ,la ,triomphe de ,mort40 ,x is d$icat$ to ,george ,,iii1 & ! pres5tation copy is 9 ! ,k+'s ,libr>y at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! fir/ "p conta9s1 besides =ty-five subjects ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ! design = ! %ea? ( a dagg] f a draw+ ascrib$ to ,holbe91 :i* has be5 re-engrav$ 9 ! "w ( ,mr4 ,d\ce4 ,x is extremely d\btful if ! draw+s ( ! ,dance1 f :i* ,me*el's engrav+s are copi$1 be really by ,holbe94 ,!y 7 pur*as$ by ,m4 ,fleis*mann ( ,/rasburg1 at ,crozat's sale at ,p>is 9 #agda4 ,x 0 /at$ 9 ! catalogue t !y _h =m$ "p ( ! ,arundelian collection1 & t !y _h aft]w>ds come into ! possession ( ,jan ,bockhor/1 commonly call$ ,lang ,jan1 a contempor>y ( ,v&yke4 ,?is piece ( in=mation1 h[ev]1 c only be receiv$ z an auctione]'s puff4 ,m4 ,me*el himself1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,d\ce1 _h n be5 able to trace ^? draw+s previ\sly to _! fall+ into ! h&s ( ,monsieur ,crozat4 ,!y 7 pur*as$ ( ,m4 ,fleis*mann by ,pr9ce ,gallitz91 a ,russian nobleman1 by :om !y 7 l5t to ,m4 ,me*el4 ,!y are n[ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,pet]sburg4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,coxe1 :o saw !m :5 9 ,m4 ,me*el's possession1 !y 7 drawn ) a p51 & slightly %ad$ ) ,indian ink4 ,hegn]1 9 8 ,life ( ,holbe91 speaks slight+ly ( ,me*el's engrav+s1 :i* he says 7 execut$ by "o ( 8 workm5 f copies ( ! pret5d$ orig9al draw+s made by an arti/ nam$ ,rudolph ,s*ell5burg ( ,w9t]?ur4 ,^? copp]-plates c]ta9ly appe> feeble :5 comp>$ ) ! wood-cut 9 ! ,lyons "w1 & ,hegn]'s criticism on ! figure ( ,eve seems j1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,d\ce does n approve ( x4 ,hegn] says1 8,let any "o comp>e ! figure ( ,eve "u ! tree 9 ,me*el's second plate ) ! second wood-cut2 9 ! =m] %e is sitt+ 9 z elegant an attitude z if %e belong$ to a ,fr5* family by ,b\*]40--,b\*]1 a ,fr5* pa9t]1 :o di$ 9 #aggj1 0 fam\s 9 8 "t = ! pretty wom5 introduc$ into 8 l&scapes4 ,illu/ration ,!re is a set ( pro(s ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 pr9t$ on "o %eet1 pres]v$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle1 & und]nea? is pr9t$ 9 moveable lett]s ! "n ,h,anns ,ltzelburg] =ms*nid]1 g5annt ,franck1--t is1 8,hanns ,lutzelburg]1 wood engrav]1 nam$ ,franck40 ,! fir/ ,h is an ornam5t$ ,roman capital2 ! o!r lett]s ( ! "n are 9 ! ,g]man "*4 ,! size ( ! cuts 9 ?is alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? is "o in* by sev5-eigh?s4 ,! reason = suppos+ t ,hans ,lutzelburg] 0 ! engrav] ( ! cuts 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? are3 #a4 ,! simil>ity ( /yle betwe5 ! latt] & ^? ( ! ,basle alphabet ( ! same subject2 & #b4 ,! correspond5ce ( ! m>k 9 ! cut ( ! ,du*ess ) ! initial lett]s ( ! "n ,hans ,lutzelburg]1 & ! fact ( 8 be+ a wood engrav] ( t p]iod4 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( 8 "w1 pr(esses to exam9e ! 8claim ( ,hans ,lutzelburg] z to ! design or execution ( ! ,lyons engrav+s ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?10 b 8 inve/igations seem v unsatisfactory2 & 8 *apt] is "o ( ^? 89 :i*10 z ,field+ says1 8no?+ is conclud$40 ,he gives no op9ion z to :e!r ,lutzelburg] 0 ! design] ( ! ,lyons cuts or n1 ?\gh ?is is "o ( ! pr(ess$ topics ( 8 inve/igation2 & ev5 8 op9ion1 = ! "t be+1 z to ! engrav]1 only appe>s 9 ! head+ ( ! foll[+ *apt]1 :]e x is ?us ann\nc$3 8,li/ ( sev]al editions ( ! ,lyons "w on ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ) ! m>k ( ,lutz5burg]40,,vi-#bf ,8 m9d1 h[ev]1 does n appe> to h be5 f9ally made up on ?is po9t2 = 9 a subsequ5t page1 #bae1 speak+ ( ! m>k ,,hl 9 ! cut ( ! ,du*ess1 :i* he _h previ\sly m5tion$ z t ( ,hans ,lutzelburg]1 he says1 8b to :omsoev] ?is m>k may turn out to belong1 c]ta9 x is t ,holbe9 nev] made use ( x40 ,8 only unalt]able decision appe>s to be t ,holbe9 did n design ! cuts ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 & 9 support ( x he puts =? sundry argum5ts :i* are at once absurd & inconsi/5t2 rejects unque/ionable evid5ce :i* makes = ! contr>y op9ion2 & admits ! mo/ improbable t seems to fav\r 8 own4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bf3 ,mr4 ,d\ce 9 e in/ance spells ! "n ?us4 ,9 ! pro(s ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? x is ,ltzelburg]1 & bel[ ! cut ) ! date #aebb1 ,leuczellburg]4 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 9 8 sev5? *apt]1 also gives a li/ ( cuts1 :i* he says 7 execut$ by ,hans ,lutzelburg]2 b out ( ! sev5 s+le cuts & ?ree alphabets :i* he enum]ates1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ,lutzelburg]'s "n is only to be f\nd atta*$ to "o s+le cut & to "o alphabet1--! latt] be+ t ( ! initial lett]s repres5t+ a ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! s+le cut to :i* ,i allude--& :i*1 ,i believe1 is ! only "o ( ! k9d t has 8 "n und]nea? x1--repres5ts a combat 9 a wood betwe5 "s nak$ m5 & a body ( peasants4 ,)9 ! cut1 to ! left1 is ! m>k1 probably ( ! design]1 on a rev]s$ tablet1 ,symbol ?us2 & und]nea? is ! foll[+ inscription1 f a sep>ate block3 ,,hanns 4 ,,leuczellburg] 4 ,,furms*nid] #a4e4b4b4 ,an impression ( ?is cut is pres]v$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle2 & an alphabet ( ,roman capitals1 engrav$ on wood1 is pr9t$ on ! same folio1 bel[ ,lutzelburg]'s "n4 ,9 n "o ( ! o!r s+le cuts does ?is engrav]'s "n occur1 nor 9 fact any m>k t c be fairly ascrib$ to him4 ,! sev5? cut1 describ$ by ,mr4 ,d\ce1--a copy ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,decollation ( ,john ! ,bapti/1--is ascrib$ to ,lutzelburg] on ! au?ority ( ,zani4 ,accord+ to ?is writ]1--= ,i h n se5 ! cut myself any m ?an ,mr4 ,d\ce1--x has 8! m>k ,h4 ,l4 rev]s$10 :i* p]haps may prove to be ,l4 ,h4 8,9 ! index ( names10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8he 7,zani7 f9ds 8 "n ?us writt51 ,,hans ,,lutzelburg] ,,=ms*nid] ,,g5ant 7*iamato7 ,,franck1 & calls him ! true pr9ce ( engrav]s on wood40 ,9 :at index ,zani f\nd ! rev]s$ m>k ?us exp\nd$ does n appe>2 ,i1 h[ev]1 am decid$ly ( op9ion t !re is no wood-cut 9 exi/5ce ) ! m>k ,h4 ,l4 :i* c be ascrib$ ) any?+ l c]ta9ty to ,lutzelburg]2 & 8 "n is only to be f\nd at l5g? "u ! cut ( ! ,fight above m5tion$1 & pr9t$ 9 moveable *>act]s on ! %eet conta9+ ! pro(s ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4,,vi-#bg ,! title ( 8true pr9ce ( engrav]s on wood10 giv5 by ,zani to ,lutzelburg]1 c only be admitt$ on ! supposition ( 8 be+ ! engrav] ( ! cuts 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?2 b x yet rema9s to be prov$ t he ev] us$ ! m>k ,,hl or ! sep>ate lett]s ,h4 ,l4 on any previ\s or subsequ5t cut4 ,?\gh1 f 8 "n appe>+ on ! page conta9+ ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & f ! correspond5ce ( 8 initials ) ! m>k 9 ! cut ( ! ,du*ess 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he 0 ! engrav] ( ! cuts 9 ! latt] "w1 yet ,i h ?\ght x necess>y to ent] ?us fully into ! gr\nds ( 8 pret5sions to ! execution ( ^?1 & o!r wood engrav+s1 9 ord] t ! read] may judge = himself4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bg3 ,!re are pro(s ( ?is alphabet 9 ! ,royal ,collection at ,dresd51 z well z 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle4 ,hegn]1 9 8 ,life ( ,holbe91 treats ! claims t h be5 advanc$ on behalf ( ,lutzelburg] too lightly4 ,he n only d5ies t he 0 ! engrav] ( ! cuts 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,lyons "w1 b also t he execut$ ! cuts ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 al?\gh 8 "n ) ! addition ( 8wood engrav]0-- =ms*nid]--be pr9t$ on ! %eet ( pro(s4 ,if we _c admit ! inscription 9 "q z evid5ce ( ,lutzelburg] be+ ! engrav] ( ?is alphabet1 we may ) equal reason "q if any wood engrav] actually execut$ ! cut or cuts "u :i* 8 "n only appe>s pr9t$ 9 type1 or :i* may be ascrib$ to him 9 ! title ( a book4 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 speak+ ( ! ?ree alphabets1--( peasants1 boys1 & a ,dance ( ,dea?1--all ( :i* he supposes to h be5 engrav$ by ,lutzelburg]1 says t ! pro(s 8may h be5 deposit$ by him 9 8 native city10 mean+ ,basle4 ,hegn]1 h[ev]1 says t !re is no trace ( him to be f\nd ei!r 9 regi/]s ( baptism or burg]-li/s ( ,basle4 ,he fur!r adds1 ?\gh ,i by no means concur ) him 9 ?is op9ion1 8,x is inde$ likely t1 z a travell+ deal] 9 works ( art--:o1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( t p]iod1 took up _! tempor>y resid5ce sometimes 9 "o place1 sometimes 9 ano!r1--he _h obta9$ possession ( ^? blocks1 ( ! alphabet ( ,dea?'s ,dance1 & ! ,fight1 ) 8 "n1 & t he sold impressions f !m 9 ! way ( trade40,,vi-#bh ,mr4 ,d\ce says t x may admit ( a d\bt :e!r ! alphabets ascrib$ to ,lutzelburg] 7 cut on metal or on wood4 ,x may admit ( a d\bt1 c]ta9ly1 ) "o :o kn[s v little ( ! practice ( wood engrav+1 b none ) a p]son :o is accu/om$ to see cuts execut$ 9 a mu* m delicate /yle by wood engrav]s ( v mod]ate abilities4 ,to engrave !m on wood1 w\ld be comp>atively easy1 s f> z relates to ! m]e delicacy ( ! l9es2 b x w\ld be a task ( great difficulty to engrave !m 9 relief 9 any metal :i* %\ld be mu* h>d] ?an t ( :i* types are compos$4 ,to suppose t !y might h be5 execut$ 9 type-metal1 on acc\nt ( ! delicacy ( ! l9es1 w\ld involve a contradiction2 = n only c f9] l9es be cut on box-wood ?an on type-metal1 b also ) mu* great] facility4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bh3 ,hans ,holbe9 d] ,jng]e1 ,s4 #ccb4 ,x p]haps may n be unnecess>y to give "h two in/ances ( ! _m vague & absurd conjectures :i* h be5 prop\nd$ respect+ ! design] or ! engrav] ( ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons editions ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,9 a copy ( ?is "w ( ! edition #aede n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 b =m]ly belong+ to ! ,rev]5d ,c4 ,m4 ,cra*]ode1 a portrait ( a pa9t] or engrav] nam$ ,hans ,lad5speld] is ins]t$ opposite to ! cut ( ! ,du*ess1 z if 9 support ( ! conjecture t he might be ! design] ( ^? cuts1 m]ely f ! circum/ance ( ! initial lett]s ( 8 "n correspond+ ) ! m>k ,,hl4 ,! portrait is a small oval engrav$ on copp]1 ) an ornam5tal bord]1 r\nd :i* is ! foll[+ inscription3 8,imago ,joannis ,lad5speld]1 ,ess5di5sis1 ,anno tatis su xxviii4 #aedj40,,vi-#bi ,! m>k ,l is p]ceiv$ on ?is portrait1 & und]nea? is writt5 ! foll[+ ,,ms4 note1 ref]r+ to ! m>k 9 ! cut ( ! ,du*ess3 8,,hl ! m>k ( ! design] ( ^! designs ( ,dea?'s ,dance1 n ,h4 ,holbe94 ,by sev]al p]sons t h se5 ,holbe9's ,dea? ,dance at ,basil1 x is n l ^!1 nor 9 ! same mann]40 ,?is note1 s f> z relates to ! impli$ conjecture ab\t ,lad5speld]1 may be all[$ to pass )\t rem>k = :at x is wor?2 b x seems necess>y to rem9d ! read] t ! pa9t+ ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? at ,basle1 "h evid5tly allud$ to1 0 n ! "w ( ,holbe91 & to obs]ve t ?is note is n 9 ! h&writ+ ( ,mr4 ,cra*]ode1 b t x has app>5tly be5 writt5 by a =m] own] ( ! volume4 ,footnote ,,vi-#bi3 ,hans ,lad5speld] 0 a native ( ,ess51 a fronti] t[n 9 ! du*y ( ,b]g4 ,! foll[+ m>k is to be f\nd on 8 engrav+s ,symbol1 :i* ,b>ts* ?9ks may be int5d$ = ! s+le lett]s ,i4 ,l4 ,v4 ,e4 ,s41--repres5t+ ! words ,joannes ,lad5speld] ,von ,ess5 ,sculpsit4 ,9 a copy ( ! fir/ edition1 n[ ly+ be=e me1 a =m] own] has writt5 on ! fly-leaf ! foll[+ v]ses f page #aeh ( ! ,nug--,lyons1 #aedj1--( ,ni*olas ,borbonius1 a ,fr5* poet3 8,vid]e qui vult ,p>rhasium cum ,zeuxide1 ,acc]sat a ,britannia ,hansum ,ulbium1 et ,georgium ,rep]dium ,lugduno ab urbe ,galli40 ,! mean+ ( ^! v]ses may be ?us express$ 9 ,engli%3 ,:oev] wi%es to behold1 ,pa9t]s l to ^? ( old1 ,to ,engl& /raightway let him s5d1 ,& summon ,holbe9 to att5d2 ,rep]dius1,,vi-#cj too1 f ,lyons br+1 ,a city ( ! ,gallic ,k+4 ,footnote ,,vi-#cj3 ,( ?is ,george ,rep]dius1 or 8 works1 no?+1 ,i believe1 is kn[n beyond ! brief m5tion ( 8 "n 9 conjunction ) t ( ,holbe9 9 ! v]ses ( ,b\rbon4 ,to ! extract f ,borbonius1--or ,b\rbon1 z he is m frequ5tly call$1 )\t ! ,lat9 t]m9ation1--! writ] has add$ a note3 8,an ,rep]dius h>um ,iconum sculptor fu]it80 ,t is3 8,qu]y1 if ,rep]dius 7 ! engrav] ( ^! cuts80--mean+ ! cuts conta9$ 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,mr4 ,d\ce also cites ! prec$+ v]ses f ,ni*olas ,b\rbon2 & ^u s slight & un/able a f\ndation he1 m solito1 raises a pond]\s sup]/ructure4 ,he1 9 fact1 says1 t 8x is extremely probable t he might h begun ! "w 9 "q ! designs = ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & h di$ be=e he c\ld complete x1 & t ! ,lyons publi%]s might h aft]w>ds employ$ ,holbe9 to f9i% :at 0 left undone1 z well z to make designs = additional subjects :i* appe>$ 9 ! subsequ5t editions4 ,?us w\ld ,holbe9 be s connect$ ) ! "w z to obta9 9 future su* notice z w\ld con/itute him by g5]al report ! real inv5tor ( x40 ,p]haps 9 ! :ole ( ! discussion on ?is subject a m tortu\s piece ( argum5t is n to be f\nd4 ,x /rik+ly exemplifies ,mr4 ,d\ce's eag]ness to avail himself ( ! mo/ trifl+ circum/ance :i* seem$ to fav\r 8 own views2 & 8 mann] ( twi/+ & tw9+ x is suffici5t to excite a suspicion ev5 9 ! m9d ( ! mo/ c>eless inquir]1 t ! *a9 ( argum5t :i* consi/s ( a s]ies ( su* l9ks mu/ be little bett] ?an a rope ( s&4 ,mr4 ,d\ce mu/ h _h s+ul> notions ( probability1 :51 ^u ! m]e m5tion ( ! "n ( ,rep]dius1 by ,b\rbon1 z a pa9t] !n resid+ at ,lyons1 he ass]ts t x is extremely probable t he1 ,rep]dius1 might h begun ! "w3 x is evid5t t he does n employ ! t]m 9 its usual & prop] s5se4 ,if = 8extremely probable0 ! words 8b>ely possible0 be sub/itut$1 ! passage w be unobjectionable2 & w !n fairly repres5t ! value ( ! conjecture ( ,rep]dius hav+ design$ any ( ! cuts 9 "q4 ,if x be extremely probable t ! cuts ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? 7 design$ by ,rep]dius1 f ! m]e occurr5ce ( 8 "n 9 ,b\rbon1 ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( _! be+ design$ by ,holbe9 ought ) equal reason to be consid]$ z plusquam-p]fect2 = ! voices ( 8 contempor>ies are expressly 9 8 fav\r1 ! cuts !mselves be> a /rong g5]al resemblance to ^? :i* are kn[n to be ( 8 design+1 & "s ( ! figures & details 9 ! cuts ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? correspond s ne>ly ) o!rs 9 ! ,bible-cuts design$ by ,holbe91 & also pr9t$ at ,lyons by ! bro!rs ,tre*sel1 & 9 ! same ye>1 t !re _c be a d\bt 9 ! m9d ( any imp>tial inquir] :o %all comp>e !m1 t ei!r bo? s]ies mu/ h be5 design$ by ! same p]son1 or t ,holbe9 _h s]vilely copi$ ! works ( an unkn[n arti/ great] ?an himself4 ,^u "o ( ! horns ( ?is dilemma1 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 & all :o ass]t t ! cuts ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? 7 n design$ by ,holbe91 mu/ inevitably be fix$4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ evid5ces 9 fav\r ( ,holbe9 be+ ! design] ( ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? is ,ni*olas ,b\rbon1 ! au?or ( ! epigram previ\sly cit$4 ,9 an edition ( 8 ,nug1 publi%$ at ,basle 9 #aedj1 are ! foll[+ v]ses3,,vi-#ca ,footnote ,,vi-#ca3 ,nei!r ^! v]ses1 nor ^? previ\sly cit$1 occur 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,nug1 ,p>is1 #aecc4 ,de morte picta ,hanso pictore nobili4 ,dum mortis ,hansus pictor imag9em exprimit1 ,tanta arte mortem retulit ut mors viv]e ,videatur ipsa3 et ipse se immortalibus ,p>em ,diis fec]it op]is hujus gloria4 ,n[1--aft] premis+ t ! t]m picta 0 appli$ to designs engrav$ on wood1 z well z to pa9t+s 9 oil or wat]-col\rs1,,vi-#cb--;x may be ask$ to :at "w ( ,holbe9's d ^! l9es ref]8 ,! pa9t+ 9 ! *ur*-c\rt at ,basle 0 n execut$ by ,holbe92 nei!r 0 x ascrib$ to him by 8 contempor>ies2 = ! popul> error :i* assigns x to him appe>s to h orig9at$ ) c]ta9 travell]s :o visit$ ,basle upw>ds ( a hundr$ ye>s aft] ,holbe9's decease4 ,x inde$ may be answ]$ t ,b\rbon might allude to ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? :i* has be5 ascrib$ to ,holbe94 ,a m]e supposition ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 w\ld be unt5able 9 ?is in/ance2 = !re is no direct evid5ce to %[ t ,holbe9 0 ! design] ( ?is alphabet1 & ! pr9cipal reason = suppos+ x to h be5 design$ by him re/s ^u ! previ\s assumption ( 8 be+ ! design] ( ! cuts ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,d5y him ! hon\r ( ?is "w1 & ass]t t ! la/ quot$ v]ses ( ,b\rbon mu/ relate to "s o!r1 & ! difficulty ( %[+ by any?+ l cr$ible evid5ce1 t he 0 ! design] ( any o!r s]ies ( cuts1 or ev5 ( a s+le cut1 or pa9t+1 ( ! same subject1 becomes increas$ t5fold4 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 ) ! gross inconsi/5cy t di/+ui%es ! :ole ( 8 argum5ts on ?is subject1 ascribes ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,peasants to ,holbe91 & yet cauti\sly avoids m5tion+ him z ! design] ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ?\gh ! reasons = ?is conclusion are precisely ! same z ^? on :i* he re/s ! =m] ass]tion4 ,nay1 s confus$ & contradictory are 8 op9ions on ?is po9t1 t 9 ano!r "p ( 8 book he actually describes bo? alphabets z be+ ! "w ( ! same design] & ! same engrav]4 ,footnote ,,vi-#cb3 ,at t p]iod a wood-cut1 z well z a pa9t+1 0 t]m$ pictura4--,on ! title-page ( an edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ) wood-cuts1 ,zuri*1 #aeed1 by ,fros*ov]1 we f9d ! foll[+3 8,novi ,te/am5ti ,editio po/rema p] ,des4 ,erasmum ,rot]odamum4 ,omnia picturis illu/rata40 8,"s ( ! writ]s on engrav+10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8h manife/$ _! usual inaccuracy on ! subject ( ,holbe9's ,dance ( ,peasants4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no d\bt t 8 beautiful p5cil 0 employ$ on ?is subject 9 v>i\s ways1 ( :i* ! foll[+ specim5s are wor?y ( be+ record$4 ,9 a set ( initial lett]s frequ5tly us$ 9 books pr9t$ at ,basle & else:]e10 c4 ,aft] ?us hav+ unhesitat+ly ascrib$ ! ,dance ( ,peasants to ,holbe91 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 9 a subsequ5t page1--:5 giv+ a li/ ( cuts :i* he ascribes to ,hans ,lutzelburg]1--writes z foll[s3 8#h4 ,an alphabet ) a ,dance ( ,dea?1 ! subjects ( :i*1 ) a few exceptions1 are ! same z ^? 9 ! o!r ,dance2 ! designs1 h[ev]1 occasionally v>y10 c4 ,on conclud+ 8 description ( ?is alphabet1 he ?us notices ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,peasants1 hav+ app>5tly =got t he _h previ\sly ascrib$ ! latt] to ,holbe94 8#i4 ,ano!r alphabet by ! same arti/s4 ,x is a ,dance ( ,peasants1 int]mix$ ) o!r subjects1 "s ( :i* are n ( ! mo/ delicate nature40,,vi-#cc ,footnote ,,vi-#cc3 ,d\ce's ,dance ( ,dea?1 pp4 #hj1 #ajj1 & #aja4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 unc]ta9 if ,mr4 ,d\ce really did believe ,holbe9 to be ! design] ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ?\gh f ! prec$+ extracts x is pla9ly1 ?\gh indirectly ass]t$1 t he 04 ,9 8 wi% to claim ! engrav+ ( ! ,dance ( ,peasants = ,lutzelburg]1 ,mr4 ,d\ce does n seem to h be5 aw>e t f ! words 8by ! same arti/s10 c\pl$ ) 8 previ\s ass]tion1 ( ,holbe9 be+ ! design] ( t alphabet1 x foll[$ z a direct consequ5ce t he 0 also ! design] ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,putt+ ?is *>itable con/ruction on ,mr4 ,d\ce's words1 x foll[s t 8 ass]tion ( ,lutzelburg] be+ ! engrav] ( ! ,dance ( ,peasants is purely gratuit\s4 ,if ,mr4 ,d\ce really believ$ t ,holbe9 0 ! design] ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 he ought 9 fairness to h expressly decl>$ 8 op9ion2 al?\gh su* decl>ation w\ld h caus$ 8 argum5ts1 aga9/ ,holbe9 be+ ! design] ( ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 to appe> m p>adoxical & absurd ?an !y are :5 unconnect$ ) su* an op9ion2 = :at p]son1 ) ! slighte/ pret5sions to rationality1 c\ld ass]t t ,holbe9 0 ! design] ( ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? execut$ 9 #aecj1 ! subjects1 ) few exceptions1 ! same z ^? 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea? publi%$ at ,lyons 9 #aech1 & yet 9 direct opposition to contempor>y te/imony1 & ! int]nal evid5ce ( ! subjects !mselves1 d5y t he 0 ! design] ( ! cuts 9 ! latt] "w1 on ! sole au?ority ( ! nameless writ] ( a preface :i* only appe>$ 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! book1 & :i*1 !re seems reason to suspect1 0 address$ to an imag9>y p]sonage8 ,0 ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele likely to feel h]self highly complim5t$ by hav+ d$icat$ to h] a "w :i* conta9s und5iable evid5ces ( ! arti/'s hav+ be5 no fri5d to pop]y8 ,9 "o cut a c\ple ( fi5ds appe> to be ridicul+ 8 8,hol9ess0 ! pope2 & 9 ano!r is a "y gallant ) a guit>1 ent]ta9+ a nun 9 h] b$-*amb]4 ,if a pi\s abbess ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,lyons1 9 #aech1 %\ld h consid]$ t su* cuts 8t5d$ to edification10 %e mu/ h be5 an extremely lib]al woman = h] age4 ,x is exce$+ly amus+1 9 look+ ov] ! cuts ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 to contra/ ! droll]y & satire ( ! design] ) ! endeav\rs ( ! textu>y & v]sifi] to give !m a dev\t & spiritual turn4 ,z x is c]ta9 f ! v]ses ( ,b\rbon1 9 praise ( ,holbe9 z ! pa9t] or design] ( a subject1 or a s]ies ( subjects1 repres5t+ 8,dea? z if he 7 alive10--ut mors viv]e videatur1--t ?is celebrat$ arti/ _h design$ a ,dance ( ,dea?1 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 be+ unable to d5y ! evid5ce ?us af=d$1 p>adoxically proce$s to fit ^? v]ses to 8 own !ory2 & aft] quot+ !m1 at page #aci1 proce$s z foll[s3 8,x has already be5 demon/rat$ t ^! l9es c\ld n ref] to ! old pa9t+ ( ! ,macab] ,dance at ! ,dom9ican conv5t1 :il/ f ! important d$ication to ! edition ( ! wood-cuts fir/ publi%$ at ,lyons 9 #aech1 x is next to impossible t t "w c\ld !n h be5 9 ,borbonius's contemplation4 ,x appe>s f sev]al places 9 8 ,nug t he 0 9 ,engl& 9 #aece1 at :i* "t ,holbe9 drew 8 portrait 9 su* a mann] z to excite 8 gratitude & admiration 9 ano!r copy ( v]ses 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,he return$ to ,lyons 9 #aecf1 & x is kn[n t he 0 !re 9 #aech1 :5 he probably wrote ! complim5t>y l9es 9 ,holbe9's ,biblical designs a %ort "t be=e _! publication1 ei!r out ( fri5d%ip to ! pa9t]1 or at ! in/ance ( ! ,lyons publi%]1 ) :om he 0 c]ta9ly connect$4--,n[1 if ,borbonius1 dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,lyons1 _h be5 assur$ t ! designs 9 ! wood-cuts ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? 7 ! production ( ,holbe91 w\ld n 8 be=e-m5tion$ l9es on t subject h be5 likewise introduc$ into ! ,lyons edition ( x1 or at lea/ into "s subsequ5t editions1 9 none ( :i* is any m5tion :atev] made ( ,holbe91 al?\gh ! "w 0 cont9u$ ev5 aft] ! dea? ( t arti/8 ,! application1 !re=e1 ( ,borbonius's l9es mu/ be s\ght = else:]e2 b x is greatly to be regrett$ t he has n adv]t$ to ! place :]e ! pa9t+1,,vi-#cd z he seems to call x1 0 made40 ,footnote ,,vi-#cd3 ,mr4 ,d\ce "h seems to lay "s weight on ! ^w picta1 :i*1 z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$1 0 appli$ equally to wood engrav+s & pa9t+s4 ,mr4 ,d\ce next proce$s 9 8 se>* aft] ! 8pa9t+10 & he is n long 9 f9d+ :at he wi%es =4 ,accord+ to 8 /atem5t1 8v soon aft] ! calamit\s fire at ,:itehall1 #afig1 :i* consum$ ne>ly ! :ole ( t palace1 a p]son1 call+ himself ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d1 probably belong+ to ! h\sehold ( ,william ,,iii1 & a man :o appe>s to h be5 an amateur arti/10 made et*+s aft] n9ete5 ( ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,impressions ( ^? et*+s1 accompani$ ) manuscript d$ications1 appe> to h be5 pres5t$ by ?is ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d to 8 fri5ds or patrons1 & among o!rs to a ,mynhe] ,heymans1 & to 8! high1 noble1 & well-born ,"l ,william ,d5t+1 ,"l ( ,rhoon1 ,p5draght10 c4 ,! address to ,mynhe] ,heymans conta9s ! foll[+ important piece ( in=mation respect+ a "w ( ,holbe9's1 :i* appe>s mo/ s+ul>ly to h escap$ ! notice ( e o!r writ]1 :e!r ,engli% or =eign4 8,sir1--,! co/ly palace ( ,:itehall1 erect$ by ,c>d9al ,wolsey1 & ! resid5ce ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii1 conta9s1 among o!r p]=mances ( art1 a ,dance ( ,dea?1 pa9t$ by ,holbe91 9 its gall]ies1 :i*1 ?r\gh an un=tunate conflagration1 has be5 r$uc$ to a%es40,,vi-#ce ,9 ! d$ication to ! 8high1 noble1 & well-born ,"l ,william ,b5t+10 ! in=mation respect+ ?is curi\s "w ( art1--all memory ( :i* w\ld h p]i%$ _h x n be5 = ! said ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d1--is r m precise4 8,sir1 n ,my ,"l1--,9 ! c\rse ( my con/ant love & pursuit ( works ( art1 x has be5 my good =tune to meet ) t sc>ce little "w ( ,hans ,holbe91 neatly engrav$ on wood1 & :i* he himself _h pa9t$ z l>ge z life1 9 fresco1 on ! walls ( ,:itehall40 ,:o ,mynhe] ,heymans 0 w probably nev] be discov]$1 b he seems to h be5 a p]son ( "s consequ5ce 9 8 day1 ?\gh un=tunately nev] m5tion$ 9 any hi/ory or memoirs ( ! p]iod1 = x appe>s t ! c\rt ?\ght prop]1 9 consid]ation ( 8 s+ul> des]ts1 to cause a dwell+ to be built = him at ,:itehall4 ,my ,"l ,william ,b5t+1,,vi-#cf--?\gh f 8 "n & titles he might be mi/ak5 = a memb] ( ! ,b5t9ck family1--appe>s to h be5 actually born 9 ! palace4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v un=tunate t 8 "n does n occur 9 ! pe]age ( t "t2 & z nei!r ,rhoon nor ,p5draght are to be f\nd 9 ,fl&]s or ,holl&1 x is n unlikely t ^! may be ! names ( two ( 8 lord%ip's ca/les 9 ,spa94 ,footnote ,,vi-#ce3 ,d\ce1 ,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #ada4 ,footnote ,,vi-#cf3 8,! id5tification ( ,william ,b5t+10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce ) exquisite bon-hommie1 8mu/ be left to ! sagacity ( o!rs4 ,he c\ld n h be5 ! ,e>l ( ,portl& creat$ 9 #afhi1 or he w\ld h be5 address$ accord+ly4 ,he is1 moreov]1 describ$ z a y\? born at ,:itehall1 & !n resid+ !re1 & ^: dwell+ consi/$ ( ne>ly ! :ole ( ! palace t rema9$ aft] ! fire40--,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #bdd4 ,x appe>s t ^! addresses ( ,picc>d 7 writt5 9 a =eign language1 ?\gh1 :e!r ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or ,lat91 ,mr4 ,d\ce mo/ unacc\ntably neglects to say3 he m]ely m5tions t 8 extracts are translat$4 ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d's express te/imony ( ,holbe9 hav+ pa9t$ a ,dance ( ,dea? 9 fresco1 at ,:itehall1 is1 9 ,mr4 ,d\ce's op9ion1 fur!r corroborat$ by ! foll[+ circum/ances3 #a4 8,9 "o ( ,v&]dort's manuscript catalogues ( ! pictures & r>ities transport$ f ,/4 ,james's to ,:itehall1 & plac$ !re 9 ! newly erect$ cab9et room ( ,*>les ,i1 & 9 :i* sev]al works by ,holbe9 are m5tion$1 !re is ! foll[+ article3 #8,a little piece1 :]e ,dea? ) a gre5 g>l& ab\t 8 head1 /ret*+ bo? 8 arms to appreh5d a ,pilate 9 ! habit ( "o ( ! spiritual ,pr9ce-,electors ( ,g]many4 ,copi$ by ,isaac ,oliv] f ,holbe94' ,!re _c be a d\bt t ?is ref]s to ! subject ( ! ,elector z pa9t$ by ,holbe9 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea? at ,:itehall1 prov+ at ! same "t ! id5tity ( ! pa9t+ ) ! wood-cuts1 :atev] may be ! inf]5ce4 #b4 ,s&r>t1 aft] notic+ a rem>kable portrait ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 at ,:itehall1 /ates #8t !re yet rema9s at t palace ano!r "w1 by ,holbe91 t con/itutes him ! ,apelles ( 8 "t4' ,?is is c]ta9ly v l an allusion to a ,dance ( ,dea?4 #c4 ,x is by no means improbable t ,mat!w ,prior may h allud$ to ,holbe9's pa9t+ at ,:itehall1 z x is n likely t he w\ld be acqua9t$ ) any o!r4 #8,our t]m ( life dep5ds n on our de$1 ,be=e our bir? our fun]al 0 decre$2 ,nor aw'd by =esight1 nor misl$ by *ance1 ,imp]i\s ,dea? directs ! ebon lance1 ,peoples great ,h5ry's tombs1 & leads up ,holbe9's ,dance4' ,prior1 ,ode to ! ,memory ( ,george ,villi]s40,,vi-#cg ,footnote ,,vi-#cg3 ,d\ce's ,dance ( ,dea?1 pp4 #add1 #ade4 ,mr4 ,d\ce hav+ previ\sly prov$ t ,holbe9 0 n ! design] ( ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 ?us1 9 a mann] equally satisfactory1 acc\nts = ! v]ses ( ,b\rbon1 by %[+1 on ! unexceptionable evid5ce ( 8a p]son1 call+ himself ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d1 probably belong+ to ! h\sehold ( ,william ,,iii10 t ! great "w ( ,holbe9--by ! fame ( :i* he _h made himself equal ) ! immortal gods--0 pa9t$ z l>ge z life1 9 fresco1 on ! walls ( ,:itehall4 ,! +5uity display$ 9 depriv+ ,holbe9 ( ! hon\r ( ! ,lyons cuts is no less exemplifi$ 9 prov+ him to be ! pa9t] ( a simil> subject 9 ,:itehall4 ,! key-/one is wor?y ( ! ar*4 ,?\gh ! facts & argum5ts put =? by ,mr4 ,d\ce1 9 pro( ( ,holbe9 hav+ pa9t$ a ,dance ( ,dea? on ! walls ( ! old palace ( ,:itehall1 & ( ?is hav+ be5 ! id5tical ,dance ( ,dea? allud$ to by ,b\rbon1 might be summ>ily dismiss$ z be+ ( t k9d :i* no objection c\ld r5d] m absurd1 yet x seems necess>y to direct ! especial att5tion ( ! read] to "o or two po9ts2 & fir/ to ! ass]tion t 8x is next to impossible t ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? ( #aech c\ld !n h be5 9 ,borbonius's contemplation40 ,n[1 9 direct opposition to :at is "h said1 x appe>s to me highly probable t ?is 0 ! v "w on acc\nt ( :i* he address$ 8 epigram to ,holbe92 & x is moreov] evid5t t ,b\rbon expresses 9 ,lat9 v]se almo/ precisely ! same ideas z ^? :i* _h previ\sly be5 express$ 9 ,fr5* by ! writ] ( ! address to ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele1 :5 speak+ ( ! m]its ( ! nameless arti/ :o is !re allud$ to z ! design] or engrav] ( ! cuts4,,vi-#ch ,z ,holbe9 is n c]ta9ly kn[n to be ! pa9t] or design] ( any o!r ,dance ( ,dea? :i* might m]it ! high praise convey$ 9 ,b\rbon's v]ses1 to :at o!r "w ( 8 w !y apply8 ,ev5 suppos+1 z ,i d1 t ! alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? 0 design$ by ,holbe91 ,i conceive x 8next to impossible10 to use ! words ( ,mr4 ,d\ce1 t ,b\rbon %\ld h describ$ ,holbe9 z hav+ atta9$ immortality ?r\gh ! fame ( ^? tw5ty-f\r small lett]s1 a p]fect set ( :i* ,i believe is n to be f\nd 9 any s+le volume4 ,t ,b\rbon did "k :o 0 ! design] ( ! cuts ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? !re c sc>cely be ! %ad[ ( a d\bt2 he 0 at ,lyons 9 ! ye> 9 :i* ! "w 0 publi%$2 he 0 connect$ ) ! pr9t]s2 & ano!r "w1 ! ,icones ,hi/ori>um ,vet]is ,te/am5ti1 also publi%$ by !m 9 #aech1 has at ! comm5cem5t a copy ( v]ses writt5 by ,b\rbon1 f :i* alone we le>n t ,holbe9 0 ! design] ( ! cuts1--! fir/ f\r ( :i* cuts1 be x obs]v$1 be+ f ! same blocks z ! fir/ f\r 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 publi%$ by ! same pr9t]s1 9 ! same ye>4 ,:at might be ! motives ( ! pr9t]s = n ins]t+ ,b\rbon's epigram 9 praise ( ,holbe9 9 ! subsequ5t editions ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 suppos+ him to be ! design] ( ! cuts1 ,i _c tell1 nor w ,i v5ture to guess4 ,!y c]ta9ly mu/ h _h "s reason = conceal+ ! design]'s "n1 = ! writ] ( ! prefatory address to ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele takes c>e n to m5tion x ev5 :5 speak+ 9 s laudatory a /yle ( ! excell5ce ( ! designs4 ,among ! o!r unacc\ntable ?+s connect$ ) ?is "w1 ,i may m5tion ! fact ( ! ,fr5* prefatory address to ! abbess ( ,/4 ,pet]'s appe>+ only 9 ! fir/1 & be+ omitt$ 9 e subsequ5t edition4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ch3 ,t ! read] may judge = himself ( ! simil>ity ( ?\ght 9 ! passages ref]r$ to1 !y are "h giv5 9 juxta-position4 8,c> ses hi/oires funebres1 avec leurs descriptions sev]em5t ri?mes1 aux advisans donn5t telle admiration1 qu'ilz en jug5t les mortz y app>oi/re tresvivem5t1 et les vifs tresmortem5t repres5t]4 ,qui me faict p5s]1 que la ,mort craignant que ce excell5t pa9ctre ne la paigni/ tant vifve qu'elle ne fut plus cra9te p\r ,mort1 et que p\r cela luy mesme n'en dev9t immortel1 que a ce/e cause10 c4--,epi/re des ,faces de la ,mort4 8,dum mortis ,hansus pictor imag9em exprimit1 ,tanta arte mortem retulit1 ut mors viv]e ,videatur ipsa3 et ipse se immortalibus ,p>em ,diis fec]it1 op]is hujus gloria40 ,borbonius4 ,) respect to ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d1 ^: manuscript addresses to 8,mynhe] ,heymans0 & 8,"l ,william ,b5t+0 are cit$ to prove t ,b\rbon's v]ses mu/ relate to a pa9t+ ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? by ,holbe9 9 ! old palace ( ,:itehall1 no?+ :atev] is kn[n2 & !re is n ! slighte/ reason to believe t a ,"l ,william ,b5t+1 born 9 ! old palace ( ,:itehall1 8,"l ( ,rhoon1 ,p5draght10 c4 ev] exi/$4 ,i am ( op9ion t ! addresses ( ! p]son call+ himself ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d are a clumsy attempt at imposition4,,vi-#ci ,?\gh ,mr4 ,d\ce _h se5 bo? ^? addresses1 & also ano!r ( ! same k9d1 he does n appe> to h made any attempt to trace _! =m] own]s1 nor does he m5tion ! names ( ! p>ties 9 ^: possession !y 7 at ! "t t he saw !m4 ,he _h se5 ! address to 8,"l ,william ,b5t+0 previ\s to ! publication ( 8 obs]vations on ! ,dance ( ,dea? 9 #agid1 :51 if he _h felt incl9$1 he might h asc]ta9$ f :om ! !n possessor _h receiv$ x1 & ?us obta9$ a clue to guide him 9 8 inquiries respect+ ! p]sonal id5tity ( ! ,"l ( ,rhoon & ,p5draght4 ,b ?is w\ld n h suit$ 8 purpose2 = he seems to h be5 consci\s t any inquiry respect+ su* a p]son w\ld only h t5d$ to confirm ! d\bts respect+ ! pap] address$ to him by ,picc>d4 ,x is also unc]ta9 at :at "t ^? pret5d$ addresses 7 writt51 b !re are impressions ( ! et*+s :i* accompani$ !m ) ! date #agbj2 & ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t if ! pap] & h&writ+ 7 closely exam9$1 x w\ld be f\nd t ^? pret5d$ pres5tation addresses 7 manufactur$ ab\t ! same1 or p]haps at a lat] p]iod4 ,:oev] ! p]son call+ himself ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d may h be51 or at :atev] "t ! addresses to ,mynhe] ,heymans & o!rs may h be5 writt51 ! only evid5ce ( !re hav+ be5 a pa9t+ ( ! ,dance by ,holbe9 at ,:itehall re/s on 8 unsupport$ /atem5t4 ,su* a pa9t+ is n m5tion$ by any =eign travell] :o _h visit$ ?is c\ntry1 nor is x notic$ by any ,engli% writ] prior to #afig2 x is n allud$ to 9 any trag$y1 com$y1 f>ce1 or masque1 9 :i* we might expect t su* a pa9t+ w\ld h be5 incid5tally m5tion$ _h x ev] exi/$4 ,evelyn1 :o mu/ h frequ5tly be5 9 ! old palace ( ,:itehall1 says n a ^w ( su* a pa9t+1 ?\gh he m5tions ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? "u ! title ( ,mortis ,imago1 & ascribes ! cuts to ,holbe92,,vi-#dj & n ! slighte/ notice ( x is to be f\nd 9 ,v]tue or ,walpole4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ci3 ,hegn]1 9 8 ,life ( ,holbe91 speak+ ( ! ,nieuh(f discov]y1 says3 8,( ?is fable no notice w\ld h be5 tak5 "h _h n ,mr4 ,d\ce ascrib$ undes]v$ au?ority to x1 & _h n 8 sup]ficial inve/igations f\nd undes]v$ cr$it ) ,engli% & o!r compil]s40 ,hans ,holbe9 d] ,jng]e1 ,s4 #cch4 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 at page #bdj ( 8 ,dance ( ,dea?1 compla9s ( ,hegn]'s want ( urbanity & polit5ess2 & 9 return calls 8 acc\nt ( ,holbe9's works sup]ficial1 & moreov] says t 88 argum5ts1 if wor?y ( ! "n1 are1 g5]ally speak+1 ( a mo/ weak & flimsy texture40 ,he also gives him a %>p rebuff by allud+ to him z ! 8above g5tleman10 ! la/ ^w1 to give x po9t1 be+ pr9t$ 9 ,italics4 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 :5 he 0 ?us pelt+ ,hegn]1 does n seem to h be5 aw>e t 8 own anti-,holb5ian sup]/ructure 0 a h\se ( glass4 8,c$imus1 inque vicem d$imus crura sagittis40 ,footnote ,,vi-#dj3 ,evelyn is only ref]r$ to "h on acc\nt ( 8 sil5ce ) respect to ! pret5d$ pa9t+ at ,:itehall4 ,:at he says ( ,holbe9 _c be reli$ on1 z w be se5 f ! foll[+ passage1 :i* is a fair specim5 ( 8 g5]al k & accuracy4 8,we h se5 "s few ?+s cut 9 wood by ! incomp>able ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,dane1 b !y are r>e & exce$+ly difficult to come by2 z 8 ,lic5ti\sness ( ! ,fri>s & ,nuns2 ,erasmus2 ,! ,dance ,mac*abre2 ! ,mortis ,imago1 :i* he pa9t$ 9 great 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,basil1 & aft]w>ds grav$ ) no less art40--,evelyn's ,sculpture1 p4 #fi4 ,edition #agfi4 ,! le>n$ ,conrad ,gesn]1 :o 0 born at ,zuri* 9 #aeaf1 & di$ !re 9 #aefe1 expressly ascribes ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? to ,holbe92,,vi-#da &1 not)/&+ ! contradictory /atem5t 9 ! preface to ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 su* appe>s to h be5 ! g5]al belief ( all ! arti/'s contempor>ies4 ,van ,m&]1 :o 0 born 9 #aedh1 & :o di$ 9 #afjf1 appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ p]son :o gave any acc\nt ( ! life ( ,holbe94 ,8 "w1 entitl$ ,het ,s*ild] ,boek1 consi/+ ( biographical notices ( pa9t]s1 *iefly ,g]mans & ,flem+s1 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #afjd2 &1 :5 speak+ ( ,holbe91 he m5tions ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? among 8 o!r works4 ,s&r>t1 9 common ) e o!r writ] on art ( ! p]iod1 also ascribes ! ,lyons "w to ,holbe91 & he gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a conv]sation t he _h ) ,rub5s respect+ ^? cuts3 8,i rememb] t 9 ! ye> #afbg1 :5 ! celebrat$ ,rub5s 0 proce$+ to ,utre*t to visit ,hon?or/1 ,i accompani$ him z f> z ,am/]dam2 & dur+ our passage 9 ! boat ,i look$ into ,holbe9's little book ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ! cuts ( :i* ,rub5s highly prais$1 recomm5d+ me1 z ,i 0 a "y man1 to copy !m1 obs]v+1 t he _h copi$ !m himself 9 8 y\?40 ,s&r>t1 :o seems to h be5 "o ( ! e>lie/ writ]s :o suppos$ t ,dur]1 ,crana*1 & o!rs engrav$ _! own designs1 )\t any j gr\nds describes ,holbe9 z a wood engrav]4 ,pat91 9 8 edition ( ! 8,/ultiti ,laus0 ( ,erasmus1 #afgf1 repeats ! same /ory2 & ,papillon 9 8 decisive mann] cl5*es x by ass]t+ t 8mo/ ( ! delicate wood-cuts & ornam5tal lett]s :i* are to be f\nd 9 books pr9t$ at ,basle1 ,zuri*1 & t[ns 9 ,switz]l&1 at ,lyons1 ,london1 c4 f #aebj to ab\t #aedj1 7 engrav$ by ,holbe9 himself40 ,papillon also says t x is believ$--on croit--t ,holbe9 began to engrave 9 #aeaa1 :5 he 0 ab\t sixte54 8,:at is extraord9>y 9 ?is pa9t]10 he fur!r adds1 8is1 t he pa9t$ & engrav$ ) ! left h&1 s t he consequ5tly engrav$ ! l9es on ! wood f "r to left1 in/ead (1 z ) u1 engrav+ f left to "r40,,vi-#db ,jans51 & a ho/ ( o!r compil]s1 )\t inquiry1 repeat ! /ory ( ,holbe9 hav+ be5 a wood engrav]1 & t ! cuts ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? 7 engrav$ by himself4 ,t he 0 ! design] ( ^? cuts ,i am ?or\ghly conv9c$1 ?\gh ,i consid] x 8next to impossible0 t he %\ld h be5 also ! engrav]4 ,footnote ,,vi-#da3 8,imag9es ,mortis express ab optimo pictore ,johanne ,holbe9 cum epigrammatibus ,georgii mylii1 excus ,franc(urti et ,lugduni apud ,frellonios1 quorum editio plures habet picturas4 ,vidi etiam cum metris ,gallicis et ,g]manicis1 si b5e mem9i40 ,mr4 ,d\ce cites ?is passage f ,gesn]'s ,p&ect1 8a supplem5tal volume ( great r>ity to 8 well-kn[n ,biblio!ca40 ,! correct title ( ! volume 9 :i* x occurs is 8,p>titiones ,!ologic1 ,p&ect>um ,univ]salium ,conradi ,gesn]i ,lib] ,ultimus40 ,folio1 pr9t$ by ,*ri/oph] ,fros*ov]1 ,zuri* 7,tiguri7 #aedi4 ,! notice ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? is 9 folio #hf1 a4 ,footnote ,,vi-#db3 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #afe4 ,van ,m&] ass]ts t ,holbe9 pa9t$ ) 8 left h&2 b ,horace ,walpole1 h[ev]1 9 opposition to ?is1 ref]s to a portrait ( ,holbe91 =m]ly 9 ! ,arundelian collection1 :]e he appe>s hold+ ! p5cil 9 8 "r h&4 ,holbe9's ,bible ,cuts1 z !y are usually call$1 7 fir/ publi%$ at ,lyons1 9 #aech1 ! same ye>1 & by ! same pr9t]s1 z ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! book is a small qu>to1 & ! title is z foll[s3 8,hi/ori>um ,vet]is ,te/am5ti ,icones ad vivum express4 ,una cum brevi1 s$ quoad fi]i potuit1 dilucida e>undem et ,lat9a et ,gallica expositione4 ,lugduni sub scuto ,coloni5si4 ,m4,d4,,xxxviii40,,vi-#dc ,on ! title-page is an emblematic cut1 ) ! motto ,usus me g5uit1 simil> to t on ! title-page 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 b n precisely ! same2 & at ! end is ! impr9t ( ! bro!rs ,mel*ior & ,casp> ,tre*sel )9 an ornam5tal bord]1 z 9 ! latt] "w4 ,i am greatly incl9$ to ?9k t ! bro!rs 7 only ! pr9t]s ( ! fir/ editions ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? & ! ,bible cuts1 & t ! real proprietors 7 ,john & ,francis ,frellon1 ^: names appe> z ! publi%]s 9 subsequ5t editions4 ,footnote ,,vi-#dc3 ,a copy ( ?is edition is pres]v$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle1 & !re is ano!r copy 9 ! ,royal ,collection at ,dresd54 ,ano!r edition1 9 e respect simil> to ! fir/1 0 also pr9t$ by ! bro!rs ,tre*sel 9 #aeci4 ,hegn]1 9 8 ,life ( ,holbe91 does n seem to h kn[n ( ?is edition2 speak+ ( t ( #aech1 he says1 8,x is probably ! same z t to :i* ,papillon gives ! date #aeci40 ,!re is a copy ( ! edition ( #aeci 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is op9ion seems to be corroborat$ by ! fact ( !re be+ an address f 8,franciscus ,frellaeus0 to ! ,*ri/ian ,read] 9 ! ,bible cuts ( #aech & #aeci1 :i* 9 subsequ5t editions is alt]$ to 8,franciscus ,frellonius40 ,t ! same p]son is designat$ by ^? names1 ,i ?9k !re c be little d\bt1 z ! addresses are lit]ally ! same4 ,f adopt+ ! =m 8,frellaeus10 h[ev]1 9 ! editions ( #aech & #aeci1 x w\ld seem t ! writ] 0 n wi%ful to discov] 8 "n4 ,:5 ! "w becomes popul> he writes x ,frellonius2 & 9 ! second edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 :5 ! "* ( ?is "w is also e/abli%$1 & !re seems no long] reason to appreh5d ! c5sures ( ! *ur* ( ,rome1 we f9d ! names ( ,john & ,francis ,frellon on ! title-page "u ! 8%ield ( ,cologne40 ,:atev] might be _! motives1 x seems c]ta9 t ! fir/ publi%]s ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? 7 wi%ful to )hold _! names2 & x is likely t ! design] ( ! cuts might h equally good reasons = concealm5t4 ,_h ! ,roman ,ca?olic p>ty consid]$ ! cuts ( ! ,pope1 ! ,nun1 & two or ?ree o!rs z ! cov]t satire ( a re=m$ pa9t]1 ! publi%]s & ! design] w\ld h be5 z likely to incur dang] z to reap pr(it or fame4 ,! address ( ,franciscus ,frellaeus is foll[$ by a copy ( ,lat9 v]ses by ,ni*olas ,b\rbon1 9 :i* ,holbe9 is m5tion$ z ! design]2 & imm$iately prec$+ ! cuts is an address 8aux lecteurs10 9 ,fr5* v]se1 by ,gilles ,corrozet1 :o1 p]haps1 might be ! poet t suppli$ ! ,fr5* expositions ( ^? cuts1 & ! 8descriptions sev]em5t ri?mes0 ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f ,b\rbon's prefatory v]ses1 ! :ole ( :i* x appe>s unnecess>y to give4 8,nup] 9 ,elysio cum =t err>et ,apelles ,una ad]at ,zeuxis1 ,p>rhasiusque comes4 ,hi duo multa satis fundebant v]ba2 s$ ille ,int]ea mr5s et taciturnus erat4 ,mirantur comites1 f>ique hortantur et urg5t3 ,suspirans imo pectore1 ,cos ait3 ,o fam ign>i1 sup]is qu nup] ab oris 7,vana ut9am67 ,/ygias v5it ad usque domos3 ,scilicet1 esse hodie qu5dam ex mortalibus unum ,o/5dat qui me vosque fuisse nihil3 ,qui nos decl>et pictores nom9e tantum1 ,picturque omneis ante fuisse rudes4 ,holbius e/ hom9i nom51 qui nom9a no/ra ,obscura ex cl>is ac prope nulla facit4 ,talis apud manes qu]imonia f]tur3 et illos ,sic equidem m]ito c5seo posse qu]i1 ,nam tabulam siquis videat1 quam p9x]it ,hansus ,holbius1 ille artis gloria prima su1 ,prot9us exclamet1 ,potuit ,deus ed]e mon/rum ,quod video8 human non potu]e manus4 ,icones h sacr tanti sunt1 optime lector1 ,artificis1 dignum quod v5]]is opus40 ,besides ^? v]ses !re is also a ,greek di/i* by ,b\rbon1 to :i* ! foll[+ translation 8p5e ad v]bum0 is app5d$3 8,c]n]e vis1 hospes1 simulacra simillima vivis8 ,hoc opus ,holb9 nobile c]ne manus40 ,:5 ,mr4 ,d\ce /at$ t x 0 8extremely probable t ! anonym\s pa9t] or design] ( ! ,dance might h be5 employ$ also by ! ,frellons to execute a set ( subjects = ! ,bible previ\sly to 8 dea?1 & t ,holbe9 0 aft]w>ds employ$ to complete ! "w10 he seems to h =got t su* a te/imony ( ,holbe9 be+ ! design] 0 prefix$ to ! ,bible cuts4 ,9 answ] to ,mr4 ,d\ce x may be ask$1 9 8 own /yle1 if ! ,frellons knew t ano!r arti/ 0 ! design] ( ! cuts ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & if he also _h be5 orig9ally employ$ to design ! ,bible cuts1 h[ does x happ5 t !y %\ld all[ ,b\rbon to give all ! hon\r ( ! latt] to ,holbe91 :o1 if ! ,dance ( ,dea? be n 81 0 c]ta9ly mu* inf]ior z a design] to ! nameless arti/ ^: unf9i%$ "w he 0 employ$ to complete8 ,! total numb] ( ! ,bible cuts 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! "w is n9ety1 ! fir/ f\r ( :i* are ! same z ! fir/ f\r ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?2 ! o!r eighty-six are ( a diff]5t =m to ! fir/ f\r1 z w be p]ceiv$ f ! specim5s1 :i* are ( ! same size z ! orig9als4 ,^? eighty-six cuts are g5]ally mu* inf]ior 9 design to ^? ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & ! /yle 9 :i* !y are engrav$ is v unequal1 "s ( !m be+ execut$ ) consid]able neatness & delicacy1 & o!rs 9 a mu* co>s] mann]4 ,! foll[+ cut1 ,abraham ab\t to sacrifice ,isaac1 ,g5esis ,,xxii1 is "o ( ^? :i* are ! be/ engrav$2 b ev5 ^!1 s f> z reg>ds ! expression ( ! features & ! delicate m>k+ ( ! h&s1 are g5]ally mu* inf]ior to ! cuts ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,illu/ration ,?\gh mo/ ( ! ,bible cuts are inf]ior bo? 9 design & execution to ^? ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & ?\gh sev]al ( !m are rudely drawn & badly engrav$1 yet _m ( !m af=d po9ts ( su* p]fect id5tity ) ^? ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 t x seems impossible to come to any o!r conclusion ?an t ei!r ! cuts ( bo? works h be5 design$ by ! same p]son1 or t ! design] ( ! "o s]ies has s]vilely copi$ f ! design] ( ! o!r1 &1 :at is mo/ s+ul>1 9 _m trifl+ details :i* seem ! lea/ likely to be imitat$1 & :i* usually con/itute individual peculi>ities ( /yle4 ,= in/ance1 ! small %rubby tree 9 ! prec$+ cut is precisely ( ! same species z t se5 9 ! cut ( ! ,old ,woman 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea?2 & ! angel ab\t to /ay ,abraham's h& be>s a /rong g5]al resemblance to ! angel 9 ,adam & ,eve driv5 out ( ,p>adise4 ,! cut on ! opposite page--! ,fool1 ,psalm ,,liii--is copi$ f "o ( ^? execut$ 9 a co>s] /yle ?an ! prec$+4 ,! *ildr5 9 ?is cut are evid5tly ( ! same family z ^? ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,9 ! fir/ cut1 ! ,creation1 a crack is p]ceiv$ runn+ ne>ly d[n ! middle f top to bottom1 9 ! edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? ( #aede4 ,x is also p]ceptible 9 all ! subsequ5t ,lyons editions ( ?is "w & ( ! ,bible cuts4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 less obvi\s 9 ! ,bible cuts ( ! edition #aedi ?an 9 "s ( ! prec$+1 probably 9 consequ5ce ( ! block hav+ be5 cramp$ to rem$y ! defect4 ,mr4 ,d\ce speaks1 at page #aje1 z if ! crack 7 n disc]nible 9 ! ,bible cuts ( #aedi2 x is1 h[ev]1 q p]ceptible 9 e copy t has come "u my notice4 ,"s ( ! latt] editions ( ?is "w conta9 f\r additional cuts1 :i* are all co>sely execut$4 ,9 ! edition ( #aedg !y =m ! illu/rations to ,ezekiel ,,xl2 ,ezekiel ,,xliii2 ,jonah ,i1 ,,ii1 & ,,iii2 & ,habakkuk4 ,! ,bible cuts 7 also pr9t$ ) explanations 9 ,engli%4 ,! title ( a copy n[ be=e me is z foll[s3 8,! ,images ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 lately express$1 set =! 9 ,yngli%e & ,fr5*e vui? a playn & brief exposition4 ,pr9t$ at ,lyons by ,johan ,frellon1 ! y]e ( our ,"l ,god1 #aedi10 #dto4 ,9 ! latt] editions !re are wood-cuts ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 ea* )9 an oval bord]1 on ! la/ leaf4 ,!y be> no tok5s ( ,holbe9's /yle4 ,illu/ration ,among ! _m in/ances ( resemblance :i* are to be p]ceiv$ on comp>+ ! ,dance ( ,dea? ) ! ,bible cuts1 ! foll[+ may be enum]at$ z ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,! peculi> mann] 9 :i* fire ) smoke1 & ! waves ( ! sea1 are repres5t$ 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea? c sc>cely fail to /rike ! mo/ he$less obs]v]2 = in/ance1 ! fire 9 ! cut ( ,dea? seiz+ ! *ild1 & ! waves 9 ! cut ( ! ,seaman4 ,9 ! ,bible cuts we p]ceive ! same peculi>ity2 !re is ! same k9d ( fire 9 ,moses direct+ ! mann] ( burnt (f]+s1 ,leviticus ,i2 9 ! burn+ ( ,nadab & ,abihu1 ,leviticus ,x2 & 9 e o!r "o ( ^? cuts :]e fire is se54 ,9 ! de/ruction ( ,ph>aoh & 8 ho/1 ,exodus ,,xiv1 are ! same k9d ( curl+ waves4 ,except 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea? & ! ,bible cuts1 ,i h nev] se5 an in/ance ( fire or wat] repres5t$ 9 su* a mann]4 ,if ^? cuts 7 design$ by two diff]5t arti/s1 x is c]ta9ly s+ul> t 9 ?is respect !y %\ld display s p]fect a co9cid5ce ( idea4 ,! %eep 9 ! cut ( ! ,bi%op 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea? are ! same z ^? 9 ! ,bible cut ( ,moses see+ ,god 9 ! burn+ bu%1 ,exodus ,,iii2 & ! female figure 9 ! cut ( ! ,elector 9 ! =m] "w is p]ceiv$ 9 ! ,bible cut ( ! captive ,midianites1 ,numb]s ,,xxxi4 ,! *ildr5 introduc$ 9 bo? works are almo/ p]fectly id5tical1 z w be p]ceiv$ on comp>+ ! cut ( ,little ,*ildr5 mock+ ,elijah1 *apt] ,,ii1 ,k+s ,,ii1 ) ^? ( ! ,elector1 & ,dea? seiz+ ! *ild1 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! face ( ! ,du*ess 9 ! latt] "w is ! same z t ( ,e/h] 9 ! ,bible cut1 ,e/h]1 *apt] ,,ii2 & 9 ?is cut ornam5ts on ! tape/ry1 l fleurs-de-lis1 beh9d ! ?rone ( ,ahasu]us1 are ! same z ^? on ! tape/ry beh9d ! ,k+ 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,! latt] co9cid5ce has be5 notic$ by ,mr4 ,d\ce1 :o1 9 direct opposition to ! evid5ce ( ! ,g]man or ,swiss co/ume ( ! liv+ *>act]s ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 consid]s x z contribut+ to demon/rate t bo? ! s]ies ( ^? cuts are ( ,gallic orig94,,vi-#dd ,x is ne$less to enum]ate m in/ances ( almo/ complete id5tity ( figures & details 9 ! cuts ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? & ^? ( ! ,bible illu/rations2 !y are too frequ5t to h orig9at$ f a conv5tional mode ( repres5t+ c]ta9 objects & p]sons2 & !y are mo/ /rik+ 9 m9or details1 :]e "o arti/ w\ld be lea/ likely to imitate ano!r1 b :]e ! same individual design] w\ld be mo/ likely to repeat himself4 8,z to ! designs ( ^! truly elegant pr9ts10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 speak+ ( ! cuts ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 8no "o :o is at all skill$ 9 ! k ( ,holbe9's /yle & mann] ( gr\p+ 8 figures w\ld hesitate imm$iately to ascribe !m to t arti/40,,vi-#de ,z ?is op9ion is corroborat$ by a comp>ison ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? ) ! ,bible cuts1 & z ! int]nal evid5ce ( ! cuts ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? 9 fav\r ( ,holbe9 is confirm$ by ! te/imony ( 8 contempor>ies1 ! read] c decide = himself h[ f> ,holbe9's positive claims to ! hon\r ( ?is "w ought to be affect$ by ! passage 9 ! anonym\s address to ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele1 :i* =ms ! gr\ndwork ( ,mr4 ,d\ce's !ory4 ,footnote ,,vi-#dd3 8,a comp>ison ( ! #h? subject ( ! ,simula*res10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8) t ( ! ,bible = ,e/h] ,i1 ,,ii1 :]e ! canopy ornam5t$ ) fleurs-de-lis is ! same 9 bo?1 w contribute to /r5g!n ! above conjecture1 z w bo? ! cuts to demon/rate _! ,gallic orig94 ,x is mo/ c]ta9 t ! ,k+ sitt+ at table 9 ! ,simula*res is int5d$ = ,francis ,i1 :i* if any "o %\ld d\bt1 let him look ^u ! m9iature ( t k+1 copi$ at p4 #bad1 9 ,cl>ke's #8,rep]torium ,bibliographicum4'0 ,! 8above conjecture0 ref]r$ to 9 ?is extract is t previ\sly cit$ at page #cfg1 :]e ,mr4 ,d\ce conjectures t ,holbe9 might h be5 employ$ to complete ! ,bible cuts :i* might h be5 left unf9i%$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,d\ce's 8great unkn[n0 design] ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4--,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #if4 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 n be+ able to d5y ! simil>ity ( _m ( ! cuts1 says x is highly probable t ,holbe9 0 m]ely employ$ to f9i% ! ,bible cuts1 )\t ev] consid]+ t x is prim facie mu* m probable t ,holbe9 0 ! design] ( ! cuts 9 bo? works4 ,footnote ,,vi-#de3 ,dance ( ,dea?1 p4 #hb4 ,hav+ n[ exam9$ ! pr9cipal argum5ts :i* h be5 alleg$ to %[ t ,holbe9 0 n ! design] ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 & hav+ endeav\r$ to ju/ify 8 claims to t hon\r by produc+ ! evid5ces on :i* !y re/1 ,i %all n[ take leave ( ?is subject1 feel+ ?or\ghly assur$ t ,,holbe9 ,,0 ,,! ,,design] ,,( ,,! ,,cuts ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition ,,( ,,! ,,lyons ,,dance ,,( ,,dea?2 & tru/+1 ?\gh ) no ov]we5+ confid5ce1 t ! prec$+ inve/igation w r5d] x necess>y = ! next que/ion] ( 8 title to produce /rong] objections ?an ! solit>y ambigu\s passage 9 ! preface to ! fir/ edition ( ! "w1 & to support !m ) m =cible & consi/5t argum5ts ?an h be5 put =? by ,mr4 ,d\ce4 ,m4 ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 w nev] aga9 be call$ z a witness 9 ?is cause2 & be=e ! passage 9 ! preface c be all[$ to h any weight1 x mu/ be %[n t su* a p]sonage z ,madame ,jehanne de ,t\szele 0 prioress ( ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,lyons at ! "t ( ! fir/ publication ( ! "w3 & ev5 %\ld su* a fact be e/abli%$1 ! ambiguity ( ! passage--:e!r ! pret5d$ly deceas$ arti/ 7 ! engrav] or design]1 or bo?1--& ! obvi\s desire to conceal 8 "n1 rema9 to be expla9$4 ,9 #aech1 ! ye> 9 :i* ! ,dance ( ,dea? & ! ,bible cuts 7 fir/ publi%$ at ,lyons1 ,holbe9 0 resid+ 9 ,engl& "u ! patronage ( ,h5ry ,,viii2 ?\gh x is also c]ta9 t ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] 9 t ye> he return$ to ,basle & he rema9$ !re a few weeks4,,vi-#df ,footnote ,,vi-#df3 8,v5it nup] ,basileam ex ,anglia ,ioannes ,holbe91 adeo felicem ejus regni /atum prdicans1 qui aliquot septimanis exactis rursum eo migraturus e/40 ,f a lett] writt5 by ,rudolph ,gualt] to ,h5ry ,bull+]1 ( ,zuri*1 ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb] #aech4--,quot$ by ,hegn]1 ,s4 #bdf4 ,z ! productions ( ?is di/+ui%$ pa9t] occupy s l>ge a portion ( ?is *apt]1 x p]haps may n be unnecess>y to give "h a few p>ticul>s ( 8 life1 *iefly d]iv$ f ,hegn]'s "w1 previ\s to 8 com+ to ,engl&4 ,hans ,holbe91 ! ,y\ng]1 z he is (t5 call$ by ,g]man writ]s to di/+ui% him f 8 fa!r1 0 ! son ( ,hans ,holbe91 a pa9t] ( consid]able reputation4 ,! ye> & place ( 8 bir? h n be5 positively asc]ta9$1 b !re seems reason to believe t he 0 born 9 #adih1 at ,augsburg1,,vi-#dg ( :i* city 8 fa!r 0 a burgh]1 & f :5ce he appe>s to h remov$ ) 8 family to ,basle1 ab\t ! end ( ! fifte5? or ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,"y ,holbe9 0 br\ght up to 8 fa!r's pr(ession1 & at an e>ly age display$ ! g]m ( 8 future excell5ce4 ,!re is a portrait 9 oil by "y ,holbe9 ( ! date ( #aeac1 :i*1 accord+ to ,hegn]1 ?\gh r weak 9 col\r & some:at h>d 9 outl9e1 is yet cle>ly & delicately pa9t$4 ,f ! excell5ce ( 8 e>ly productions1 ,pat91 9 8 ,life ( ,holbe91 prefix$ to an edition ( ! ,laus ,/ultiti ( ,erasmus,,vi-#dh ?9ks t he mu/ h be5 born 9 #adie4 ,t he 0 born 9 #adih !re c1 h[ev]1 be little d\bt1 = ,hegn] m5tions a portrait ( him1 at ,basle1 :5 9 ! =ty-fif? ye> ( 8 age1 ) ! date #aedc4 ,sev]al anecdotes are told ( ,holbe9 z a jolly fell[1 & ( 8 twice or ?rice dis*>g+ 8 acc\nt at a tav]n by pa9t+ a ,dance ( ,peasants4 ,?\gh !re seems reason to believe t ,holbe9 0 a free liv]1 & t he did pa9t su* a subject 9 a h\se at ,basle1 ! /ories ( 8 ?us settl+ = 8 liquor are highly improbable4 ,he appe>s to h m>ri$ "y1 = 9 a pa9t+ ( 8 wife & two *ildr51 execut$ be=e he left ,basle = ,engl& 9 #aebf1 ! elde/ *ild1 a boy1 appe>s to be betwe5 f\r & five ye>s old4,,vi-#di ,footnote ,,vi-#dg3 ,dr4 ,dibd91 9 8 ,bibliographical ,t\r vol4 iii4 pp4 #hj1 #ha1 ,edit4 #ahbi1 m5tions two pa9t+s at ,augsburg by ! eld] ,holbe91 "o dat$ #adii & ! o!r #aeja4 ,! eld] ,holbe9 _h a bro!r nam$ ,sigismund1 :o 0 also a pa9t]1 & :o appe>s to h e/abli%$ himself at ,b]ne4 ,papillon1 9 8 usual mann]1 makes ,sigismund ,holbe9 a wood engrav]4 ,by 8 w1 dat$ #aedj1 he appo9ts 8 nephew ,hans ! heir ( all 8 prop]ty 9 ,b]ne4 ,footnote ,,vi-#dh3 ,pat9's edition ( ?is "w 0 publi%$ 9 octavo1 at ,basle1 9 #afgf4 ,x conta9s eighty-?ree copp]-plate engrav+s1 f p5-&-ink sket*es1 drawn by ,holbe91 9 ! m>g9 ( a copy ( an edition pr9t$ by ,frob5ius1 9 #aead1 & /ill pres]v$ 7#ahfj7 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle4 ,x is said t ,erasmus1 :5 look+ ov] ^? sket*es1 exclaim$1 :5 he came to t int5d$ = himself1 8,oho1 if ,erasmus 7 n[ z he appe>s "h1 he w\ld c]ta9ly take a wife40 ,above ano!r ( ! sket*es1 repres5t+ a man ) "o ( 8 arms ab\t a woman's neck1 & at ! same "t dr9k+ out ( a bottle1 ,erasmus is said to h writt5 ! "n 8,holbe940 ,9 an edition ( ! ,laus ,/ultiti1 edit$ by ,g4 ,g4 ,beck]1 ,basle1 #aghj1 #hvo4 ^? sket*es are engrav$ 7v indiff]5tly7 on wood4 ,footnote ,,vi-#di3 ,hegn]1 ,hans ,holbe9 d] ,jng]e1 ,s4 #aaj4 ,! "n ( ,holbe9's wife is unkn[n2 b x is said t1 l ,dur]'s1 %e 0 ( an unhappy temp]1 & t he enjoy$ no peace ) h]4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 unlikely t 8 own unsettl$ disposition & /rait5$ circum/ances also contribut$ to r5d] 8 home uncom=table4 ,l mo/ o!r arti/s ( t p]iod1 he appe>s to h frequ5tly travell$2 b 8 j\rneys d n seem to h ext5d$ beyond ,switz]l& & ,suabia1 & !y 7 = ! mo/ "p conf9$ to ! =m] c\ntry4 ,he seems to h travell$ r 9 se>* ( employm5t ?an to improve himself by /udy+ ! works ( o!r ma/]s4 ,p]haps ( all ! em95t pa9t]s ( t p]iod !re is no "o ^: /yle is m orig9al ?an ,holbe9's1 nor "o :o owes less to ! /udy ( ! works ( 8 contempor>ies or pr$ecessors4 ,?\gh !re c be no d\bt ( 8 tal5ts be+ highly appreciat$ by 8 fell[-t[nsm51 yet 8 pr(ession dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,basle appe>s to h af=d$ him b a scanty income4 ,! numb] ( works execut$ by him betwe5 #aeag & #aebf suffici5tly te/ify t he 0 n defici5t 9 indu/ry1 & ! ex]cise ( 8 art seems to h be5 suffici5tly v>i$3--he pa9t$ portraits & hi/orical subjects2 decorat$ ! int]ior walls ( h\ses1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( t p]iod1 ) fanciful & hi/orical compositions2 & made designs = goldsmi?s & wood-engrav]s4 ,x is said t s e>ly z #aebj1 ! ,e>l ( ,arundel1,,vi-#ej an ,engli% nobleman1 hav+ se5 "s ( 8 works 9 pass+ ?r\gh ,basle1 advis$ him to try 8 =tune 9 ,engl&4 ,if su* advice 7 giv5 to ,holbe9 at t p]iod1 x is c]ta9 t x 0 n adopt$ until sev]al ye>s aft]1 = he did n visit ?is c\ntry till #aebf4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ej3 ,x is conjectur$ by ,walpole t ?is might be ,h5ry ,fitz-,alan1 ,e>l ( ,arundel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,%ea? ,,( ,a ,,dagg]1 ,,int5d$ ,,z ,a ,,design ,,= ,a ,,*as]4,,vi-#ea ,footnote ,,vi-#ea3 ,x is impossible to exce$ ! beauty & skill t are manife/$ 9 ?is f9e piece ( art4 ,! figures are1 a k+1 que51 & a w>rior2 a "y woman1 a monk1 & an infant2 all ( :om mo/ unwill+ly accompany ,dea? 9 ! ,dance4 ,! despair ( ! k+1 ! dejection ( ! que51 accompani$ by h] little dog1 ! t]ror ( ! soldi] :o he>s ! drum ( ,dea?1 ! /ruggl+ ( ! female1 ! reluctance ( ! monk1 & ! sorr[ ( ! poor infant1 are depict$ ) equal _s & v]acity4 ,! orig9al draw+ is 9 ! public libr>y at ,basle1 & ascrib$ to ,holbe94 ,be=e he left ,basle he _h pa9t$ two or ?ree portraits ( ,erasmus1 & !re is a l>ge wood-cut ( t di/+ui%$ s*ol> :i* is said n only to h be5 pa9t$1 b also engrav$ by ,holbe94 ,?is cut is ( folio size1 & ! figure ( ,erasmus is a :ole l5g?4 ,8 "r arm re/s ^u a t]m9us1 & f a ri*ly ornam5t$ ar* is susp5d$ a tablet1 ) ! inscription1 ,,er4 ,,rot4 ,"s old impressions h two v]ses pr9t$ und]nea?1 :i* m]ely praise ! lik5ess )\t allud+ to ! pa9t]1 :ile o!rs h f\r :i* conta9 a complim5t to ! g5ius ( ,erasmus & to ! art ( ,holbe94,,vi-#eb ,! orig9al block is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle2 b !re is n ! slighte/ reason = believ+ t x 0 engrav$ by ,holbe94 ,9 #aebf ,holbe9 left ,basle = ,engl&3 ,pat9 says1 because he c\ld no long] be> to live ) 8 imp]i\s wife4 ,?\gh ?is might n be ! *ief cause1 x is easy to conceive t a p]son ( ,holbe9's "* w\ld feel b little regret at p>t+ f su* a helpmate4 ,van ,m&] says t he took ) him a portrait :i* he _h pa9t$ ( ,erasmus1 ) a lett] ( recomm5dation f ! latt] to ,sir ,?omas ,m1 :]e9 x 0 obs]v$ t ?is portrait #80 mu* m l him ?an any ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s4' ,hegn]1 h[ev]1 ?9ks t :at ,van ,m&] says ab\t ! cont5ts ( ?is lett] is n correct1 z no su* passage is to be f\nd 9 ! publi%$ correspond5ce ( ,erasmus ) ,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,erasmus _h already s5t two portraits ( himself to ,engl&2,,vi-#ec & z ,sir ,?omas ,m 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) him1 ,hegn] is ( op9ion t x w\ld be unnecess>y to m5tion t ! portrait 0 a bett] lik5ess ?an any ( ^? pa9t$ by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 by no means unlikely t ,erasmus 9 speak+ ( a portrait ( himself by ,holbe9--:e!r =w>d$ by ! latt] or n--might give 8 own op9ion ( x 9 comp>ison ) "o f ! p5cil ( ,dur]4 ,footnote ,,vi-#eb3 ,! v]ses und]nea? ! impressions :i* are suppos$ to be ! e>lie/1 are z foll[s3 8,corporis effigiem si quis non vidit ,erasmi1 ,hunc scite ad vivum picta tabella dabit40 ,! o!rs3 8,pallas ,apellam nup] mirata tabellam1 ,hanc1 ait1 t]num ,biblio!ca colat4 ,ddaleam mon/rat musis ,holbe9nius artem1 ,et summi +5ii ,magnus ,erasmus opes40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ec3 ,erasmus1 writ+ to ,bilibald ,pirkheim]1 9 #aebd1 says1 8,rursus nup] misi 9 ,angliam ,erasmum bis pictum ab artifice satis eleganti40 ,hegn] ?9ks t ?is arti/ 0 ,holbe94 ,9 #aeag a portrait ( ,erasmus1 ) t ( 8 fri5d ,petrus ,aegidius1 0 pa9t$ at ,antw]p by ,qu9t9 ,matsys4 ,x 0 int5d$ by ,erasmus z a pres5t to ,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,?is pa9t+ came subsequ5tly into ! possession ( ,dr4 ,mead1 at ^: sale x 0 pur*as$1 z ! production ( ,holbe91 by ,"l ,radnor1 = #aaj4 ,x w\ld appe> t 9 #aebe ,erasmus _h already m5tion$ ,holbe9's desire ( try+ 8 =tune 9 ,engl& to ,sir ,?omas ,m1 = 9 a lett] writt5 by ,sir ,?omas to ,erasmus1 dat$ f ! c\rt at ,gre5wi*1 #ah? ( ,decemb] #aebe1 !re is a passage to ! foll[+ effect3 8,y\r pa9t]1 de> ,erasmus1 is an excell5t arti/1 b ,i am appreh5sive t he w n f9d ,engl& s fruitful & f]tile z he may expect4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 d all t ,i c 9 ord] t he may n f9d x entirely b>r540,,vi-#ed ,f a lett]1 dat$ #bi? ( ,augu/ #aebf1 writt5 by ,erasmus to 8 fri5d ,petrus ,aegidius at ,antw]p1 x seems reasonable to conclude t ,holbe9 left ,basle = ,engl& ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,?\gh ,holbe9's "n is n expressly m5tion$ 9 ?is lett]1 !re _c be a d\bt ( 8 be+ ! arti/ :o is ?us introduc$ to ,aegidius3 8,! be>] ( ?is is he :o pa9t$ my portrait4 ,i w n annoy y ) 8 praises1 al?\gh he is inde$ an excell5t arti/4 ,%\ld he wi% to see ,qu9t91 & y n h leisure to g ) him1 y c let a s]vant %[ him ! h\se4 ,! arts p]i% "h2 he proce$s to ,engl& to ga9 a few angels2 if y wi% to write to ,engl& y c s5d y\r lett]s by him40,,vi-#ee ,9 ?is extract we discov] a trait ( ! usual prud5ce ( ,erasmus1 :o1 9 introduc+ 8 humbl] fri5ds to p]sons ( p[] or influ5ce1 seems to h be5 p>ticul>ly c>eful n to give annoyance f ! w>m? ( 8 recomm5dations4 ,h[ g5tly1 yet significantly1 does he h9t to ,aegidius t ! poor pa9t] :o br+s ! lett] is a p]son ab\t :om he ne$ give himself no tr\ble3 if he has n leisure to introduce him p]sonally to ,qu9t9--t is1 ,qu9t9 ,matsys--he c s5d a s]vant to %[ him 8 h\se4 ,! sugge/ion ( ! s]vant 0 a h9t f ,erasmus t he did n expect ! ma/] to g ) ,holbe9 himself4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ed3 8,pictor tuus1 ,erasme c>issime1 mirus e/ artifex1 s$ v]eor ne non s5surus sit ,angliam tam fcundam ac f]tilem quam sp]>at4 ,quanquam ne rep]iat omn9o /]ilem1 quoad p] me fi]i pote/1 efficiam4 ,ex aula ,gr5wici4 #ah ,dec4 #aebe40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ee3 8,qui has r$dit1 e/ is qui me p9xit4 ,ejus comm5datione te non gravabo1 quanquam e/ insignis artifex4 ,si cupiet vis]e ,qu9t9um1 nec tibi vacabit hom9em adduc]e1 pot]is p] famulum common/r>e domum4 ,hic frig5t artes3 petit ,angliam ut corradat aliquot angelatos3 p] eum pot]is qu voles scrib]e40--,erasmi ,epi/4 ,holbe9 on 8 arrival 9 ,engl& appe>s to h be5 well receiv$ by ,sir ,?omas ,m2 & x is c]ta9 t he resid$ = "s "t ) ! le>n$ & witty *ancellor 9 8 h\se at ,*elsea4 ,x is inde$ said t he cont9u$ ) him = ?ree ye>s1 b ,walpole ?9ks t ?is is v unlikely4 ,:e!r he may h resid$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! int]m$iate "t ) ,sir ,?omas ,m or n1 !re seems reason to believe t ,holbe9 ent]$ ! s]vice ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 9 #aebh4 ,ab\t ! autumn ( #aebi,,vi-#ef1 he paid a %ort visit to ,basle1 probably to see 8 family1 :i* he _h left 9 b indiff]5t circum/ances1 & to obta9 p]mission f ! magi/racy = a fur!r ext5sion ( 8 leave ( abs5ce1 = no burgh] ( ! city ( ,basle 0 all[$ to ent] into ! s]vice ( a =eign pr9ce )\t _! sanction4 ,pat91 9 8 ,life ( ,holbe91 says t dur+ 8 visit he sp5t mo/ ( 8 "t ) 8 old tav]n companions1 & t he treat$ ! m respectable burgh]s1 :o wi%$ to cultivate 8 fri5d%ip1 ) great disrespect4 ,hegn]1 h[ev]1 consid]s all ^? acc\nts :i* repres5t ,holbe9 z a man ( intemp]ate habits & dissolute "*1 z unwor?y ( cr$it2 9 8 op9ion x seems impossible t he :o 0 a fav\rite ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 & s long an inmate ( ,sir ,?omas ,m's h\se1 %\ld h be5 a dissolute p]son4 ,m4 ,hegn] ?r\gh\t 8 "w %[s a praisewor?y reg>d = ,holbe9's moral "*1 b 8 presumption 9 ?is in/ance is n suffici5t to c\nt]balance ! unfav\rable reports 9 ! opposite scale4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ef3 ,erasmus1 9 a lett] to ,sir ,?omas ,m1 writt5 f ,freyburg 9 ,brisgau1 #e? ,septemb]1 #aebi1 alludes to a picture ( ,m & 8 family :i* _h be5 br\ght ov] by ,holbe92 & ,m>g>et ,rop]1 ! elde/ daught] ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 writ+ to ,erasmus 9 ! foll[+ ,novemb]1 says1 t %e is pleas$ to he> ( ! pa9t]'s arrival ) ! family picture1--8utriusque mei p>5tis no/rumque omnium effigiem depictam40 ,hegn] ?9ks t ^? portraits ( ,sir ,?omas ,m & 8 family 0 only a draw+ 9 p5-&-ink1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle4 ,! figures 9 ?is draw+ are3 ,sir ,?omas & 8 wife1 8 fa!r1 8 son1 & a "y lady1 ?ree daught]s1 a s]vant1 & ,sir ,?omas's je/]4 ,ov] & "u ! figures are writt5 ! "n & age ( ea*4 ,! draw+ is free & light2 & ! faces & h&s are v di/9ctly express$4--,hans ,holbe9 d] ,jng]e1 ,s4 #bjb-bce-bcg4 ,! draw+ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,basle 0 probably a sket* ( ,holbe9's l>ge picture ( ! family ( ,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,ab\t ! latt] end ( #aecb1 or ! beg9n+ ( #aecc1 ,holbe9 aga9 visit$ ,basle2 & 8 return appe>s to h be5 *iefly influ5c$ by an ord] ( ! magi/racy1 :i* 0 to ! foll[+ effect3 8,to ,m4 ,hans ,holbe91 pa9t]1 n[ 9 ,engl&4 ,we ,jacob ,mei]1 burgoma/] & c\ncillor1 h]e) salute y our belov$ ,hans ,holbe91 fell[-burgh]1 & give y to und]/& t x is our desire t y return home =?)4 ,9 ord] t y may live easi] at home1 & provide = y\r wife & *ild1,,vi-#eg we are pleas$ to all[ y ! ye>ly sum ( ?irty guild]s1 until we c obta9 = y some?+ bett]4 ,t y may make y\r arrangem5ts accord+ly1 we acqua9t y ) ?is resolution4 ,giv51 ,monday1 #bnd ,septemb] #aecb40,,vi-#eh ,x is unc]ta9 h[ long ,holbe9 rema9$ at ,basle on 8 second visit1 b x 0 probably ( %ort duration4 ,?\gh he obey$ ! summons ( ! magi/racy to return1 he seems to h _h suffici5t int]e/ to obta9 a fur!r ext5sion ( 8 leave ( abs5ce4 ,= ! ?ird & la/ "t he revisit$ ,basle 9 #aech2 & f a lic5ce1 sign$ by ! burgoma/] ,jacob ,mei]1 dat$ #af? ,novemb] 9 t ye>1 x appe>s t he obta9$ p]mission to return to ,engl& & rema9 !re = two ye>s long]4 ,9 ?is lic5ce fifty guild]s p] annum are promis$ to ,holbe9 on 8 return to ,basle1 & till !n ! magi/rates fur!r agree to all[ 8 wife =ty guild]s p] annum to be paid qu>t]ly1 & ! fir/ qu>t]'s paym5t to comm5ce on ! eve ( ,/4 ,lucia next ensu+1--t is1 on ! #ab? ( ,decemb]4 ,z ! m5tion ( ! all[ance to ,holbe9's wife w\ld seem to imply t %e 0 n v well provid$ = by h] husb&1 ,hegn] attempts to excuse 8 app>5t neglect by sugge/+ 8t ! great sometimes =get to pay1 & w n be> dunn+20 & 9 illu/ration ( ?is he ref]s to ! passage 9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,j\rnal :i* has be5 previ\sly giv5 at page #bfi4 ,footnote ,,vi-#eg3 ,holbe9's wife & *ild only1 n *ildr51 are m5tion$ 9 ?is lic5ce4 ,x is n kn[n :at became ( ,holbe9's *ildr51 z !re are no traces ( 8 desc5dants to be f\nd at ,basle4 ,m]ian1 a cl]gyman ( ,basle1 9 a lett] to ,me*el on ?is subject1 9 #aggi1 writes to ?is effect3 8,accord+ to a p$igree ( ! ,m]ian family1 pr9t$ at ,reg5sburg 9 #agbg1 ,*ri/9a ,syf1 daught] ( ,rodolph ,syf & ,judi? ,weiss91 & gr&-daught] ( ,hans ,holbe9 ! unequall$ pa9t]1 7born #aeig17 0 m>ri$ on ! #ag? ( ,novemb] #afaf to ,fr$]ick ,m]ian40 ,p]haps x is meant t ,judi? ,weiss9 0 ,holbe9's gr&-daught]3 !re is evid5tly an error 9 ! p$igree2 & if x be wrong 9 ?is respect1 x is n entitl$ to mu* cr$it 9 ano!r4 ,footnote ,,vi-#eh3 ,hegn]1 ,s4 #bdb4 ,holbe9's ?ree visits to ,basle h be5 "h especially notic$ 9 ord] t ! read] might judge = himself z to ! probability ( 8 mak+ ! draw+s = ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? on any ( ^? occasions4 ,z ?is "w 0 publi%$ 9 #aech1 & z ,holbe9 on 8 la/ visit appe>s to h arriv$ at ,basle ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] 9 t ye>1 x is impossible t he %\ld h made ! draw+s !n2 = if ! =ty-"o cuts 7 execut$ by "o p]son--z f ! simil>ity & excell5ce ( ! /yle !re seems e reason to believe--x w\ld require at ! lea/ half a ye> to engrave !m1 suppos+ t ! arti/ work$ z exp$iti\sly z a wood engrav] ( mod]n times4 ,z x is highly probable t ,holbe9 bo? made designs & pa9t$ on 8 =m] visits1 9 #aebi1 & 9 #aecb or #aecc1 ,i ?9k x mo/ likely t !y 7 made on ! latt] occasion1--t is1 suppos+ !m to h be5 design$ on "o ( ^? visits4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 j z probable t ! designs 7 made 9 ,engl&1 & =w>d$ to a wood engrav] at ,basle4 ,( ! v>i\s pa9t+s execut$ by ,holbe9 dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,engl& x is n necess>y to give any acc\nt "h2 ^? :o wi% = in=mation on ?is po9t are ref]r$ to ,walpole's ,anecdotes ( ,pa9t+4,,vi-#ei ,( 8 life 9 ,engl& !re are few p>ticul>s4 8,9 "s h\sehold acc\nts ( ,h5ry ,,viii10 says ,mr4 ,d\ce1 8!re are paym5ts to him 9 #aech1 #aeci1 #aedj1 & #aeda1 on acc\nt ( 8 sal>y1 :i* appe>s to h be5 ?irty p\nds p] annum4 ,f ?is "t little m is record$ ( him till #aeec1 :5 he pa9t$ ,que5 ,m>y's portrait1 & %ortly aft]w>ds di$ ( ! plague 9 #aeed40 ,?omas ,h[>d1 ,e>l ( ,arundel1 ! great patron ( arti/s1 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,i1 0 desir\s ( erect+ a monum5t to ! memory ( ,holbe91 b gave up ! int5tion z he 0 unable to discov] ! place ( ! arti/'s int]m5t4 ,z ,holbe9 seems to h left no w1 & z 8 dea? appe>s to h excit$ no notice1 x is likely t he di$ poor1 & 9 comp>ative obscurity4 ,if 8 satirical draw+s,,vi-#fj ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 ridicul+ ! ,pope & ! popi% cl]gy1 7 kn[n to ,m>y1 or any ( h] spiritual advis]s1 x c\ld n be expect$ t he %\ld f9d fav\r at h] c\rt4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ei3 ,see ,dallaway's edition1 revis$ by ,r4 ,n4 ,wornum4 ,london1 ,bohn1 #ahdi1 #c vols4 #hvo4 ,vol4 i4 pp4 #ff et seq4 ,footnote ,,vi-#fj3 ,^? designs 7 engrav$ on sixte5 small plates by ,holl>1 b )\t 8 "n4 ,! enemies ( ,*ri/ are repres5t$ 9 ! dress ( monks & fri>s1 & in/ead ( weapons !y be> crozi]s1 l>ge c&le/icks1 & o!r *ur* ornam5ts2 ,judas appe>s z a capuc91 ,annas z a c>d9al1 & ,caiaphas z a bi%op4 ,9 ! subject ( ,*ri/'s ,desc5t to ,hades1 ! gates are hung ) papal bulls & disp5sations2 above !m are ! ,pope's arms1 & ! devil z keep] ( ! gate we>s a triple cr[n4 ,und]nea? ?is engrav+ are ! foll[+ v]ses1 :i* are c]ta9ly n ( ! p]iod ( ,holbe93 8,lo6 ! ,pope's kit*91 :]e 8 soles are fri$1 ,call$ ,purgatorie2 see 8 p>dons ti$ ,on /r+s2 8 triple cr[n ! ,divell we>es1 ,& o'er ! door ! ,pope's own arms he be>es40 ,9 ! subject ( ,*ri/ be=e ,caiaphas is ! foll[+ inscription 9 ,g]man3 8,w] wid] die ,rmis*51 d] soll /]b510--t is1 8,he :o is aga9/ ! ,romans %all die40 ,wood engrav+ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! "t ( ,holbe9's resid5ce 9 ?is c\ntry appe>s to h be5 b little cultivat$2 b ?\gh !re _c be a d\bt t ! art 0 !n practis$ "h by native wood engrav]s1 yet ,i v mu* "q if x 7 practis$ by any p]son 9 ,engl& z a di/9ct pr(ession4 ,x is n unlikely t _m ( ! wood-cuts :i* appe> 9 books pr9t$ 9 ?is c\ntry ab\t t p]iod 7 engrav$ by ! pr9t]s !mselves4 ,x has inde$ be5 suppos$ t mo/ ( ! wood-cuts 9 ,engli% books pr9t$ at t p]iod 7 engrav$ on ! cont95t2 b ?is op9ion seems highly improbable--!re c\ld be no occasion to s5d abroad to h wood-cuts s rudely execut$4 ,p]haps ! difficulty1 or r ! impossibility ( f9d+ a wood engrav] 9 ,engl& capable ( do+ ju/ice to 8 designs might be "o reason :y ,holbe9 made s few = ! booksell]s ( ?is c\ntry dur+ 8 long resid5ce "h4 ,! foll[+ portrait ( ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt1 ! poet1 :o di$ 9 #aeda1 0 probably drawn on ! block by ,holbe94 ,x is giv5 on ! rev]se ( ! title ( a small "w 9 qu>to1 pr9t$ at ,london1 #aedb1 & entitl$ 8,nni 9 mortem ,?om ,viati equitis incomp>abilis4 ,joanne ,lel&o antiqu>io autore40 ,! v]ses1 :i* are pr9t$ und]nea? ! cut1 seem decisive ( ! draw+ hav+ be5 made by ,holbe94 ,!re is a draw+ ( ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt by ,holbe91 9 ! ,royal ,collection1 :i* is engrav$ 9 ,*amb]la9's "w1 entitl$ 8,imitations ( ,orig9al ,draw+s by ,hans ,holbe910 folio1 #agib4 ,!re is little simil>ity betwe5 ! draw+ & ! cut1 ?\gh on comp>ison x is evid5t t bo? are int5d$ = ! same p]son4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 effigiem ,?om ,viati4 ,holb5us nitida p+5di maximus arte ,effigiem expressit graphic3 s$ nullus ,apelles ,exprimet +5ium felix animumque ,viati4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t ! orig9al cut1 ( :i* ! prec$+ is a fac-simile1 0 engrav$ by ,holbe9 himself3 if ?is 7 true1 & ! cut itself tak5 z a specim5 ( 8 abilities 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( art1 !re c\ld n be a d\bt ( 8 hav+ be5 a v indiff]5t wood engrav]1 = ?\gh !re be consid]able expression ( "* 9 ! draw+ ( ! head1 ! cut is execut$ 9 a v inf]ior /yle ( art4 ,! cuts 9 ,cranm]'s ,cate*ism1 a small octavo1 pr9t$ 9 #aedh1,,vi-#fa h be5 ascrib$ to ,holbe92 b out ( ! :ole numb]1 tw5ty-n9e1 includ+ ! cut on ! rev]se ( ! title1 !re are only two :i* conta9 8 m>k4 ,9 ! o!rs ! mann] ( p5cill+ is s unlike t ( ^! two1 & ! draw+ & composition be> s little resemblance to ,holbe9's usual /yle1 t ,i d n believe !m to h be5 ( 8 design+4 ,9 ! cut on ! rev]se ( ! title1 ! subject is ,cranm] pres5t+ ! ,bible to ,edw>d ,,vi42 ! o!rs1 tw5ty-eight 9 numb]1 b conta9+ only tw5ty-six diff]5t subjects1--z two ( !m are repeat$1--are illu/rative ( diff]5t passages ( ,scripture cit$ 9 ! "w4 ,! foll[+ cut is "o ( ^? design$ by ,holbe94 ,x occurs at folio ,,cl z an illu/ration ( 8! fyr/ s]mon4 ,a decl>ation ( ! fyr/ peticion0 ( ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,holbe9's initials1 ,h4 ,h4--?\gh ! cross /roke ( ! fir/ ,h is brok5 away--are p]ceiv$ on ! edge ( :at seems to be a book1 to ! left ( ! figure pray+4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#fa3 ,! foll[+ is ! title ( ?is sc>ce little volume4 8,cate*ismus1 t is to say1 a %orte in/ruction into ,*ri/ian religion = ! s+ul] commoditie & pr(yte ( *ildr & yong p4 ,set =? by ! moo/e rev]5de fa!r 9 ,god1 ,?omas ,ar*by%op ( ,cant]bury1 primate ( all ,engl&e & ,metropolitane4--,gualt]us ,lynne excudebat1 #aedh40 ,at ! end ( ! book1 "u a cut ( ,*ri/ ) a *ild be=e him1 is ! colophon3 8,imprynt$ at ,london1 9 ,s4 ,jhones ,/reete1 by ,nycolas ,hyll1 = ,gwalt] ,lynne dwellyng on ,som]s kaye1 by ,byllynges gate40 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 at page #if1 m5tions a cut ) ! "n ,hans ,holbe9 at ! bottom1 z occurr+ 9 ! title-page ( 8,a lytle treatise aft] ! mann] ( an ,epy/le wryt5 by ! fam\s cl]k ,doctor ,urbanus ,regius10 c4 also publi%$ by ,walt] ,lynne1 #aedh4 ,! o!r cut1 design$ by ,holbe91 & :i* conta9s 8 "n at full l5g?1,,vi-#fb occurs at folio ,,cci4 ,! subject is ,*ri/ ca/+ out ,devils1 9 illu/ration ( ! sev5? petition ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1--8,deliv] u f evil40 ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hans,,holb5 ,footnote ,,vi-#fb3 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 9 8 obs]vations prefix$ to ,holl>'s et*+s ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 publi%$ by ,edw>ds 9 #agid1 says1 8,a set ( cuts ) ! latt] m>k ,hans ,holb5 occurs 9 ,ar*bi%op ,cranm]'s ,cate*ism1 pr9t$ by ,walt] ,lyne1 9 #aedh20 & 9 ! same page he commits ano!r mi/ake by describ+ ! m>k on ! cut ( ! ,du*ess 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? z ,,hb1 in/ead ( ,,hl4 ,x has be5 consid]$ necess>y to notice ^! errors1 z x is probable t _m p]sons :o possess ! "w 9 :i* !y occur1 b :o nev] may h se5 a copy ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 nor ( ,cranm]'s ,cate*ism1 may h be5 misl$ 9 ^? matt]s by implicitly rely+ on ,mr4 ,d\ce's au?ority4 ,a c]ta9 class ( compil]s are also extremely liable to transmit su* mi/akes1 &1 to borr[ an expression ( ,hegn]'s1 to give curr5cy to !m1 z if !y /ood ready = use 89 /]eotype40 ,= ! purpose ( %[+ ! diff]5ce ( /yle betwe5 ^? two cuts & ! o!rs conta9$ 9 ! same "w1 ! ?ree giv5 on ! foll[+ page h be5 select$4 ,! fir/1 illu/rat+ ! ,creation1 occurs at ! folio errone\sly numb]$ ,,cxcv1 prop]ly ,,cix1 ,no4 #a2 ! second1 illu/rat+ ! s]mon ( our r$emption1 at folio ,,cxxi1 ,no4 #b2 & ! ?ird1 illu/rat+ ! ?ird petition ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1--8,?y w be done10--at folio ,,clxviii1 ,no4 #c4 ,! foll[+ are ! introductory rem>ks to ! explanation ( :at ! ar*bi%op calls ! ?ird petition3 8,ye h h]de h[ 9 ! =m] petycions1 we require ( our ,lorde ,god to gyve u al ?+es t p]teyne to 8 glorye & to ! kyngdom ( heav51 :]e( he ha? gyv5 u commaundem5te 9 ! ?ree preceptes writt5 9 ! fir/ table4 ,n[e fol[e! ! ?irde peticyon1 :]e9 we praye ,god to grate u t we may fulfyll ! o!r sev5 commadem5tes also1 ! :i*e intreat ( mati]s conc]n+ ?is worldly k+dome & transitorye lyfe1 t is to saye1 to hon\re our p>5tes & g\]n\rs1 to kyl no man1 to committe none adult]ye1 to ab/eyne f !fte & ly+e1 & to behave our selfes 9 all ?+es ob$i5tlye1 hone/lye1 peaceably1 & godly40 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,! feebl5ess ( ! draw+ & ! want ( di/9ctness 9 ^! ?ree cuts1 are totally unlike ! m vigor\s del9eation ( ,holbe91 z exemplifi$1 ?\gh b imp]fectly1 9 ! two :i* are d\btlessly ( 8 design+4 ,none ( !m h ! slighte/ pret5sions to delicacy or excell5ce ( engrav+1 ?\gh !y may be consid]$ z ! be/ t _h be5 execut$ 9 ?is c\ntry up to t "t4 ,^? :i*1 9 my op9ion1 7 n design$ by ,holbe9 h ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 engrav$ on a fru%y k9d ( wood1 ( comp>atively co>se gra94 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 unlikely t ?is appe>ance might result f ! feebl5ess ( ! draw+1 conjo9$ ) want ( skill on ! "p ( ! engrav]4 ,! foll[+ cut w n p]haps =m an inappropriate t]m9ation to ! notice ( ! pr9cipal wood engrav+s :i* h be5 ascrib$ to ,holbe94 ,x occurs z an illu/ration ( ! g5]ation ( ,*ri/1 ,mat!w1 *apt] ,i1 9 an edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 pr9t$ at ,zuri*1 by ,fros*ov]1 9 #aeed1,,vi-#fc ! ye> ( ,holbe9's dea?4 ,?\gh !re be no "n to ?is cut1 yet f ! great resemblance :i* x be>s to ,holbe9's /yle1 ,i h little d\bt ( ! design be+ 84 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#fc3 ,! title-page ( ?is book--:i* has previ\sly be5 ref]r$ to at page #ceg1 9 illu/ration ( ! ^w picta--is z foll[s3 8,novi ,te/am5ti ,editio po/rema p] ,des4 ,erasmum ,rot]odamum4 ,omnia picturis illu/rata4 ,access]unt ,capitum argum5ta ,elegiaco c>m9e1 ,rudolpho ,gualt]o au?ore1 conscripta4 ,tiguri1 9 ,(fic9a ,fros*oviana4 ,anno ,m4,d4,,liiii40 #hvo4 ,! ?ree foll[+ specim5s ( ! cuts 9 ,t9dale's ,translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 pr9t$ at ,antw]p 9 #aecd1,,vi-#fd ought1 9 /rict *ronological ord]1 to h prec$$ ^? ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?2 b z ,holbe9 holds ! same rank 9 ?is *apt] z ,dur] 9 ! prec$+1 x seem$ pref]able to give fir/ a connect$ acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal wood-cuts :i* are g5]ally ascrib$ to him1 & :i* !re is ! /ronge/ reason to believe 7 actually ( 8 design+4 ,! celebrity ( ,t9dale's translation1 z ! e>lie/ ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* appe>$ 9 pr9t1 & ! place :i* 8 "n occupies 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,engl&1 w give an int]e/ to ^? cuts to :i* !y c\ld h no pret5sions z m]e works ( art4 ,x is probable t !y 7 execut$ at ,antw]p1 :]e ! book 0 pr9t$2 & ! draw+ & engrav+ w af=d "s idea ( ! /yle ( mo/ ( ! small cuts :i* are to be f\nd 9 works pr9t$ 9 ,holl& & ,fl&]s ab\t t p]iod4 ,! fir/ ( ! prec$+ cuts repres5ts ,/4 ,luke employ$ 9 pa9t+ a figure ( ! ,virg91 & x occurs at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,gospel ( t ,evangeli/4 ,! second1 :i* occurs at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,g5]al ,epi/le ( ,james1 repres5ts t ,sa9t 9 ! "* ( a pilgrim4 ,! ?ird1 ,dea? on ! ,pale ,horse1 is an illu/ration ( ! six? *apt] ( ,revelations4 ,footnote ,,vi-#fd3 ,! volume is ( octavo size1 & ! title is z foll[s3 8,! ,newe ,te/am5t4 ,impr9t$ at ,antw]p by ,m>t5 ,emp]\r4 ,anno ,m4,d4,,xxxiiii40 ,! lett]s on ! wood-cut ( ! pr9t]'s device1 se5 9 ! copies on pap]1 are ,m4 ,k4 ,! fir/ edition ( ,t9dale's ,translation 0 pr9t$ 9 #aebf4 ,william ,t9dale1 o!rwise ,hit*9s1 0 born on ! bord]s ( ,wales1 b 0 ( a ,nor?umb]l& family1 be+ desc5d$ f ,adam de ,t9dale ( ,langley1 ne> ,haydon ,bridge1 9 t c\nty4 ,he 0 /rangl$1 & 8 body 0 aft]w>ds burnt z t ( a h]etic by ! popi% p>ty1 at ,vilvorde1 ne> ,brussels1 9 #aecf4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,!re is a beautiful copy1 pr9t$ on vellum1 ( ?is edition ( ,t9dale's ,translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x appe>s to h =m]ly belong$ to ,que5 ,anne ,boleyn1 & 0 probably a pres5tation copy f ! translator4 ,! title-page is beautifully illum9at$2 ! :ole ( ! ornam5tal bord]1 :i* is se5 9 ! copies on pap]1 is cov]$ ) gild+ & col\r1 & ! wood-cut ( ! pr9t]'s m>k is cov]$ ) ! blazon+ ( ! royal arms4 ,on ! edges1 :i* are gilt1 !re is inscrib$1 9 r$ lett]s1 ,,anna ,,reg9a ,,angli4 ,?is beautiful volume =m]ly belong$ to ! ,rev]5d ,c4 ,m4 ,cra*]ode1 by :om x 0 bequea!d to ! ,museum4 ,! fir/ complete ,engli% translation ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts 0 t ( ,miles ,cov]dale1 :i* appe>$ 9 folio1 #aece1,,vi-#fe )\t ! "n or resid5ce ( ! pr9t]1 b suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ at ,zuri* by ,*ri/oph] ,fros*ov]4 ,! d$ication is address$ to ,h5ry ,,viii1 by 88 ,graces humble subjecte & daylie orat\r1 ,myles ,cov]dale20 & 9 ! copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ! comm5cem5t is z foll[s3 8,unto ! mo/ victori\s ,prynce & our mo/ gracy\s sov]aigne ,lorde1 kynge ,h5ry ! eyght1 kynge ( ,englonde & ( ,fraunce1 lorde ( ,irlonde1 c4 ,def5d\r ( ! ,fay?1 & "u ,god ! *efe & supreme heade ( ! *ur*e ( ,englonde4 ,! ryght & j adm9i/racyon ( ! laws t ,god gave unto ,moses & unto ,josua3 ! te/imonye ( fay?fulnes t ,god gave ( ,david3 ! pl5te\s abundance ( wysdome t ,god gave unto ,salomon3 ! lucky & prosp]\s age ) ! multiplicacyon ( s$e :i* ,god gave unto ,abraham & ,s>a 8 wyfe1 he gev unto y mo/ ,gracy\s ,prynce1 ) y\r de>e/ j wyfe & mo/ virtu\s ,pryncesse1 ,qu5e ,anne4 ,am540 ,9 mo/ copies1 h[ev]1 8,qu5e ,jane0 is sub/itut$ = 8,qu5e ,anne10 :i* proves t ! orig9al d$ication _h be5 cancell$ aft] ! disgrace & execution ( ,anne ,boleyn1 & t1 ?\gh ! colophon is dat$ #d? ,octob] #aece1 ! "w _h n be5 g5]ally circulat$ until subsequ5t to #bj? ,may #aecf1 ! date ( ,h5ry's m>riage ) ,jane ,seym\r4 ,footnote ,,vi-#fe3 ,! title ( ?is edition is z foll[s3 8,,biblia4 ,! ,bible1 t is1 ! holy ,scripture ( ! ,olde & ,newe ,te/am5ts1 fai?fully translat$ out ( ,d\*e & ,latyn 9 to ,engli%e4 ,m4,d4,,xxxv40 ,?is title is surr\nd$ ) an ornam5tal wood-cut bord] ( t5 comp>tm5ts3 #a4 ,adam & ,eve4 #b4 ,! "n ( ,jehovah 9 ,hebrew *>act]s 9 ! c5tre at ! top4 #c4 ,*ri/ ) ! bann] ( ! cross trampl+ on ! s]p5t1 s91 & dea?4 #d4 ,moses receiv+ ! tables ( ! law4 #e4 ,jewi% ,high ,prie/1--,esdras4 #f4 ,*ri/ s5d+ 8 disciples to prea* ! ,gospel4 #g4 ,paul prea*+4 #h4 ,david play+ on ! h>p4 #i4 ,9 ! c5tre at ! bottom1 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii4 on 8 ?rone giv+ a book--probably int5d$ = ! ,bible--to c]ta9 abbots & bi%ops4 #aj4 ,/4 ,paul ) a sword4 ,! day ( ! mon? m5tion$ 9 ! colophon 0 probably ! date ( ! la/ %eet be+ s5t to press3 8,prynt$ 9 ! ye>e ( our ,lorde ,m4,d4,,xxxv1 & fyni%$ ! f\r? daye ( ,octob]40 ,copies ( ?is edition ) ! title-page are extremely r>e4 ,"s copies h a mod]n li?ograph$ title prefix$1 :i* is n exactly correct1 ?\gh pr(ess$ly a fac-simile3 9 "o ( ! scrolls x has 8telius meus0 = 8filius meus40 ,9 ! correspond+ scroll 9 a copy 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ! words are 9 ,engli%3 8,?is is my de>e ,son 9 :om ,i delyte1 he>e him10--above ! figure ( ,*ri/ ) ! bann] ( ! cross4 ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt ( ?is title-page hav+ be5 design$ by ,holbe94 ,?is edition conta9s a numb] ( wood-cuts1 all r co>sely engrav$1 ?\gh "s ( !m are design$ ) su* _s z to be n unwor?y ( ,holbe9 himself1 z w be app>5t f two or ?ree ( ! foll[+ specim5s4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,ca9 kill+ ,abel1 ! attitude ( ,abel1 & ! action ( ,ca91 suffici5tly indicate t ! orig9al design] und]/ood ! human figure well1 & c\ld draw x ) great =ce 9 a position :i* x is mo/ difficult to repres5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,! figure ( ,abraham 9 ,no4 #b be>s 9 "s p>ts consid]able resemblance to t ( ! same subject giv5 z a specim5 ( ,holbe9's ,bible cuts at page #cfh2 b !re are sev]al o!rs 9 ! "w :i* are mu* m l 8 /yle2 & :i*1 p]haps1 might be copi$ f e>li] cuts ( 8 design+4 ,! two prec$+ may be consid]$ z specim5s ( ! be/ design$ cuts 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & ! foll[+1 ! return ( ! ,two ,spies1 is giv5 u "o ( ! m ord9>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,! ?ree next cuts are f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! fir/ =ms ! head-piece to ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w2 ! second1 :i* occurs on ! title-page1 & displays great p[] ( draw+ 9 ! figure1 is ,john ! ,bapti/2 & ! ?ird repres5ts ,/4 ,paul writ+1 ) 8 sword be=e him1 & a weav]'s loom to 8 left3 ! la/ incid5t1 :i* is frequ5tly introduc$ 9 old wood-cuts ( ?is ,sa9t1 is probably int5d$ to designate 8 bus9ess z a t5tmak]1 & also to indicate t1 ?\gh zeal\sly engag$ 9 dissem9at+ ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/1 he _h n ceas$ to 8"w ) 8 h&s40 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,_m ( ! cuts 9 ?is "w are copi$ 9 a subsequ5t edition1 also 9 folio1 pr9t$ 9 #aecg2 & "s ( ! copies are s extremely l ! orig9als--e l9e be+ reta9$--z to induce a suspicion t ! impressions ( ! latt] _h be5 transf]r$ to ! blocks by means ( :at is te*nically t]m$ 8rubb+ d[n40 ,ab\t #aecj ! art ( *i>o-scuro engrav+ on wood1 :i* appe>s to h be5 fir/ introduc$ into ,italy by ,ugo da ,c>pi1 0 practis$ by ,antonio ,fantuzzi1 call$ also ,antonio da ,tr5te4 ,mo/ ( ?is engrav]'s *i>o-scuros are f ! designs ( ,p>megiano4 ,x is said t ,fantuzzi 0 employ$ by ,p>megiano = ! express purpose ( execut+ *i>o-scuro engrav+s f 8 draw+s1 & t1 :5 resid+ ) 8 employ] at ,bologna1 he took an opportunity ( robb+ him ( all 8 blocks1 impressions1 & designs4 ,betwe5 #aecj & #aedj ,joseph ,ni*olas ,v9c5t9i da ,tr5te engrav$ sev]al *i>o-scuros1 mo/ ( :i*1 l ^? execut$ by ,fantuzzi1 are f ! designs ( ,p>megiano4 ,f ! numb] ( *i>o-scuros engrav$ aft] draw+s by ?is arti/1 ,i ?9k x highly probable t ! mo/ ( !m 7 execut$ "u 8 own sup]9t5d5ce & publi%$ = 8 own b5efit4 ,baldazz> ,p]uzzi & ,dom5ico ,beccafumi1 bo? pa9t]s ( repute at t p]iod1 are said to h engrav$ 9 *i>o-scuro2 b ! pr9ts 9 ?is /yle usually ascrib$ to !m are n num]\s1 & ,i consid] x d\btful if !y 7 actually ( _! own engrav+4 ,f ab\t #aecj1 ! art ( wood engrav+1 9 ! usual mann]1 began to make consid]able progress 9 ,italy1 & _m ( ! cuts execut$ 9 t c\ntry betwe5 #aedj & #aehj may vie ) ! be/ wood engrav+s ( ! same p]iod execut$ 9 ,g]many4 ,in/ead ( ! pla9 & simple /yle1 :i* is 9 g5]al *>act]i/ic ( ,italian wood-cuts previ\s to #aecj1 ! wood engrav]s ( t c\ntry began to execute _! subjects 9 a m delicate & elaborate mann]4 ,9 ! p]iod "u consid]ation1 we f9d cross-hat*+ frequ5tly introduc$ ) great effect2 !re is a great] v>iety ( t9t 9 ! cuts2 ! texture ( diff]5t sub/ances is indicat$ m correctly2 ! foliage ( trees is m natural2 & ! fur & fea!rs ( animals are discrim9at$ ) consid]able ability4 ,! foll[+ cut w af=d p]haps "s idea ( ! be/ ,italian wood-cuts ( ! p]iod "u consid]ation4 ,x is a r$uc$ copy ( ! frontispiece to ,m>col9i's ,sorti1,,vi-#ff folio1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aedj4 ,!re is an impression ( ?is cut on pap] ( a gre5i% t9t 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & f ?is circum/ance x is plac$1 ?\gh improp]ly1 9 a volume1 m>k$ ,i4 ,w4 #d1 & lett]$ 8,italian *i>o-scuros40 ,und]nea? ?is impression ! late ,mr4 ,ottley has writt51 8,n 9 ,b>ts*20 & f 8 omitt+ to m5tion ! "w = :i* x 0 engrav$1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he himself 0 n aw>e ( its =m+ ! frontispiece to ,m>col9i's ,sorti4 ,papillon1 speak+ ( ! suppos$ engrav]1 ,joseph ,porta ,g>fagn9us1 ^: "n is se5 on a tablet ne> ! bottom t[>ds ! "r1 says1 8,j'ai de lui une =t belle ,acadmie des ,sci5ces10,,vi-#fg b seems n to h kn[n ( ! "w to :i* x belong$4 ,?is cut is m]ely a copy1 rev]s$1 ( a /udy by ,raffaele = 8 celebrat$ fresco1 usually call$ ! ,s*ool ( ,a!ns1 9 ! ,vatican4 ,x is engrav$ 9 a "w entitl$ 8,vies et ,oeuvres des ,pe9tres les plus clbres10 #dto4 ,p>is1 #ahac2 & 9 ! ,table des ,plan*es at ! comm5cem5t ( ! volume 9 :i* x occurs1 ! subject is ?us describ$3 8,pl4 ,,ccccv4 ,etude p\r le tableau de l',ecole d',a?nes4 ,ces diffr5s episodes ne se retr\vant pas dans le tableau qui a t excut des ma9s de ,raphal1 ne doiv5t tre considres que comme des essais ou premires p5ses4 ,grav4 ,m4 ,ravignano40 ,f ?is description x appe>s t ! same subject _h be5 previ\sly engrav$ on copp] by ,m>co da ,rav5na1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ! ye> #aecj4 ,?\gh ,i h nev] se5 an impression ( ,m>co's engrav+ ( ?is subject1 & ?\gh x is n m5tion$ 9 ,he9ek5's catalogue ( ! engrav$ works ( ,raffaele1,,vi-#fh ,i h little d\bt t ,porta's wood-cut is copi$ f x4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ff3 ,! foll[+ is ! title ( ?is curi\s & sc>ce "w3 8,le ,sorti di ,francesco ,m>col9i da ,=li1 intitolate ,gi>d9o di ,p5si]i40 ,d$icat$1 8,allo ,illu/rissimo ,signore ,h]cole ,e/5se1 ,duca di ,f]r>a40 ,at ! conclusion is ! colophon3 8,9 ,v5etia p] ,francesco ,m>col9i da ,=li1 ne gli anni del ,signore ,,mdxxxx4 ,del mese di ,ottobre40 ,9 a proemio1 or preface1 ! au?or expla9s ! mann] ( apply+ 8 8piacevole inv5tione10 :i* is no?+ m ?an a mode ( resolv+ que/ions by c>ds1 & 0 probably sugge/$ by ,fanti's ,triompho di ,=tuna1 ( :i* "s acc\nt is giv5 at page #cae4 ,footnote ,,vi-#fg3 ,papillon1 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #acg4 ,footnote ,,vi-#fh3 ,?is catalogue is pr9t$ 9 ! second volume ( ,he9ek5's ,na*ri*t5 von ,kn/l]n und ,kun/-,sa*51 #hvo4 ,leipzig1 #agfh-agfi4 ,?is "w1 :i* appe>$ two ye>s be=e 8 ,ide ,gnrale d'une ,collection complette d',e/ampes1 conta9s mu* in=mation on ! e>ly hi/ory ( art1 :i* is n to be f\nd 9 ! latt]4 ,all ! fac-similes ( old engrav+s 9 ! ,ide ,gnrale orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! ,na*ri*t54 ,he9ek51 9 ! fir/ volume ( ?is "w1 p4 #cdj1 m5tions ,porta's cut1 b says no?+ ( its be+ copi$ f a design by ,raffaele4 ,illu/ration ,joseph ,porta1 frequ5tly call$ ,joseph ,salviati by ,italian au?ors1 0 a pa9t]1 & he took ! surname ( ,salviati f t ( 8 ma/]1 ,francesco ,salviati4,,vi-#fi ,!re are a few o!r wood-cuts :i* conta9 8 "n2 b :e!r he 0 ! design]1 or ! engrav] only1 is extremely unc]ta94 ,footnote ,,vi-#fi3 ,he9ek51 9 8 ,na*ri*t51 #a;er4 ,!il1 ,s4 #cdj1 says t ,joseph ,porta 80 a pupil ( ,cec*9o ,salviati1 :o is n to be conf\nd$ ) ,francesco ,salviati20 & yet 9 8 ,ide ,gnrale1 publi%$ subsequ5tly1 page #acd1 we f9d 8,francesco del ,salviati1 autrem5t ,rossi1 de ,flor5ce1 et son disciple ,giuseppe ,porta1 appell communm5t ,giuseppe ,salviati40 ,he9ek51 9 8 fir/ "w1 committ$ ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t ,francesco ,salviati's to-"n 0 ! ,*ri/ian "n ( ano!r p]son4 ,9 ,hub]'s ,notice ,gnrale des ,graveurs et ,pe9tres1 ,francis ,salviati appe>s z 8,franois ,cec*9i1 dit ,salviati40 ,m>col9i's "w conta9s ne>ly a hundr$ wood-cuts besides ! frontispiece1 b1 ?\gh sev]al ( !m are design$ ) great _s1 no "o is s well engrav$4,,vi-#gj ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( "o :i* occurs at page #ce4 ,! rel5tless-look+ old woman is a p]sonification ( ,punitione--,puni%m5t--hold+ 9 h] "r h& a trem5d\s sc\rge = ! *a/isem5t ( evil-do]s4 ,?\gh ?is cut be b co>sely engrav$1 ! dome/ic ,nemesis1 :o "h appe>s to wield ! retributive sc\rge1 is design$ ) su* _s t if ! figure 7 execut$ 9 m>ble x might almo/ pass = "o ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's4 ,! drap]y is admirably ca/2 ! figure is good2 & ! action & expression are at once simple & sev]e4 ,footnote ,,vi-#gj3 ,! fir/ =ty-six cuts are ! be/1 g5]ally1 bo? 9 design & execution4 ,! o!rs1 comm5c+ at page #ajh1 are illu/rative ( ! say+s & doctr9es ( anci5t philosoph]s & morali/s1 & "o or two ( ! cuts are repeat$4 ,9 ?is portion ( ! "w1 ea* page1 except :at is occupi$ by ! cut1 is fill$ ) explanatory or illu/rative v]ses arrang$ 9 triplets4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! prec$+ cut1 also a fac-simile1 occurs at page #ha z an illu/ration ( ,matrimony4 ,! "y man1 ) 8 legs already ti$1 seems to be delib]at+ on ! prud5ce ( mak+ a contract :i* may possibly add a yoke to 8 %\ld]s4 ,! r+ :i* he holds 9 8 h& appe>s to h giv5 rise to 8 cogitations4 ,! foll[+ small cuts ( c>ds--8,il ,re1 ,fante1 ,cavallo1 e ,sette di d5>i0--are copi$ f ! in/ructions 9 ! preface2,,vi-#ga & ! beautiful design ( ,tru? rescu$ by ,"t--,,v]itas ,,filia ,,temporis--occurs z a tail-piece on ! la/ page ( ! "w4 ,?is cut occurs n unfrequ5tly 9 works publi%$ by ,giolito1 by :om ,i believe ! ,sorti 0 pr9t$2 & two or ?ree ( ! o!r cuts conta9$ 9 ! volume are to be f\nd 9 a humor\s "w ( ,doni's1 entitl$ 8,i ,m>mi10 pr9t$ by ,giolito 9 #aeeb4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#ga3 ,! fir/ hundr$ & sev5 pages ( ! "w are *iefly fill$ ) simil> figures ( c>ds v>i\sly comb9$1 ) %ort ref]5ces4 ,h[ ,m>col9i's pleasant inv5tion is to be appli$ to discov] ! secrets ( ,fate1 ,i h n be5 able to compreh5d4 ,! wood engrav]s ( ,v5ice ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury appe> to h excell$ all o!r ,italian wood engrav]s1 & = ! delicacy ( _! execution !y rivall$ ^? ( ,lyons1 :o at t p]iod 7 *iefly di/+ui%$ = ! neat & delicate mann] ( _! engrav+ small subjects4 ,9 ! pirat$ edition ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 publi%$ at ,v5ice 9 #aede by ,v4 ,vaugris1 ! cuts are m correctly copi$ & m delicately engrav$ ?an ^? 9 ! edition fir/ publi%$ at ,cologne by ! heirs ( ,arnold ,birkman 9 #aeee4 ,9 fact1 ! wood engrav+s 9 books pr9t$ at ,lyons & ,v5ice f ab\t #aedj to #aehj are 9 g5]al m delicately engrav$ ?an ^? execut$ 9 ,g]many & ! ,l[ ,c\ntries dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,among all ! ,v5etian pr9t]s ( t age1 ,gabriel ,giolito is entitl$ to prec$5ce f ! numb] & comp>ative excell5ce ( ! wood-cuts conta9$ 9 ! num]\s illu/rat$ works :i* issu$ f 8 press4 ,9 sev]al ( ! works pr9t$ by him e cut is surr\nd$ by an ornam5tal bord]2 & ?is bord]1 n be+ engrav$ on ! same block z ! cut1 b sep>ately z a k9d ( frame1 is frequ5tly repeat$3 sixte5 diff]5t bord]s1 :5 ! book is ( octavo size & !re is a cut on e page1 w\ld suffice = ! :ole "w1 h[ev] ext5sive x might be4 ,! practice ( ornam5t+ cuts 9 ?is mann] 0 v preval5t ab\t ! p]iod "u consid]ation1 & at ! pres5t "t "s publi%]s seem incl9$ to revive x4 ,i %\ld1 h[ev]1 be sorry to see x aga9 become preval5t1 = ?\gh to "s subjects1 design$ 9 a p>ticul> mann]1 an ornam5tal bord] may be appropriate1 yet ,i consid] ! practice ( ?us fram+ a s]ies ( cuts z indicative ( bad ta/e1 & z likely to *eck ! improvem5t ( ! art4 ,highly ornam5t$ bord]s h1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 ! effect ( r$uc+ a s]ies ( cuts1 h[ev] diff]5t _! execution1 to a /&>d ( m$iocrity2 = !y frequ5tly conceal ! beauty ( a well-engrav$ subject1 & s]ve z a scre5 to a bad "o4 ,9 ,ludovico ,dolce's ,trans=mationi--a translation1 or r p>aphrase ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses--fir/ pr9t$ by ,giolito 9 #aeec1 & aga9 9 #aeeg1 ! cuts1 in/ead ( hav+ a bord] all r\nd1 h only ornam5ts at ! two v]tical sides4 ,! prec$+ is a fac-simile ( "o ( ^? cuts1 dive/$ ( its ornam5ts1 f ! edition ( #aeeg4 ,! subject is ! difficult lab\r ( ,alcm5a1--a fav\rite ) ,italian arti/s4 ,?is is ! cut previ\sly allud$ to at page #bag4 ,a curi\s book1 ( :i* an edition1 9 qu>to1 0 pr9t$ at ,rome 9 #aefa1 seems des]v+ ( notice "h1 n on acc\nt ( any m]it 9 ! wood-cuts :i* x conta9s1 b on acc\nt ( ! s+ul>ity ( f\r ( !m1 :i* are giv5 z a specim5 ( a 8,sonetto figurato10 9 ! mann] ( ! cuts 9 a little "w entitl$ 8,a curi\s ,hi]oglyphick ,bible10 fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,london1 9 duodecimo1 ab\t #aghb4 ,! ,italian "w 9 "q 0 writt5 by 8,mess] ,giovam ,batti/a ,palat9o1 ,cittad9o ,romano10 & f ! date ( ! ,pope's grant to ! au?or ( ! privilege ( exclusively pr9t+ x = t5 ye>s1 x seems likely t ! fir/ edition 0 publi%$ ab\t #aedj4 ,! "w is a treatise on p5man%ip2 & ! title-page ( ! edition ( #aefa--:i* is embelli%$ ) a portrait ( ! au?or--may be translat$ z foll[s3 8,! ,book ( ,m4 ,giovam ,batti/a ,palat9o1 citiz5 ( ,rome1 9 :i* is taught ! mann] ( writ+ all k9ds ( *>act]s1 anci5t & mod]n1 ( :atev] nation1 ) ,rules1 ,proportions1 & ,examples4 ,toge!r ) a %ort & useful ,disc\rse on ,cyph]s4 ,newly revis$ & correct$ by ! ,au?or4 ,) ! addition ( fifte5 beautiful cuts40,,vi-#gb ,9 ,a/le's ,orig9 & ,progress ( ,writ+1 page #bbg1 second edition1 ,palat9o's "w is ?us notic$3 8,9 #aefa1 ,val]ius ,doricus pr9t$ at ,rome a curi\s book on all k9ds ( writ+1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,?is book conta9s specim5s ( a great v>iety ( writ+ practis$ 9 diff]5t ages & c\ntries2 "s ( ^! specim5s are pr9t$ f types to imitate writ+1 & o!rs f c>v$ wood-blocks4 ,?is book also conta9s a treatise on ! art ( writ+ 9 ciph]1 & is a mo/ curi\s specim5 ( e>ly typography40 ,footnote ,,vi-#gb3 ,! foll[+ is a lit]al copy ( ! title3 8,libro di ,m4 ,giovam ,batti/a ,palat9o1 ,cittad9o ,romano1 ,nelqual s'insegna ,scriv] ogni sorte lett]a1 ,antica ,mod]na1 di qualunque natione1 con le sue regole1 misure1 essempi3 ,et con un breve1 et util ,discorso de le ,cifre3 ,riv$uto novam5te1 corretto dal proprio ,autore4 ,con la giunta di qu9dici tavole bellissime40 ,at ! end ( ! "w is ! impr9t3 8,9 ,roma p] ,val]io ,dorico alla ,*iavica de ,santa ,lucia4 ,ad ,in/antia de ,m4 ,giovan della ,gatta4 ,l',anno ,m4,d4,,lxi40 #dto4 ,papillon says t ! "w fir/ appe>$ 9 #aedj1 & 0 repr9t$ 9 #aede1 #aedg1 #aedh1 #aeej1 #aeec1 & #aeef4 ,an edition 0 also publi%$ at ,v5ice 9 #aehh4 ,aft] 8 specim5s ( 8,lett]e ,cifrate10 ,palat9o devotes a c\ple ( pages to 8,cifre quadrate1 et ,sonetti figurati10 two modes ( riddle-writ+ :i*1 x appe>s1 are solely employ$ = amusem5t4 ,! 8,cifro quadrato0 is no?+ m ?an a monogram1 =m$ ( a clu/] ( int]wov5 capitals1 b 9 :i* e "o ( ! lett]s ( ! "n is to be f\nd4 ,9 ! foll[+ specim5 ! "n ?us +5i\sly disguis$ is ,,lav9ia4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ is a slightly r$uc$ copy ( ! fir/ f\r l9es ( ! 8,sonetto figurato20 ! o!r t5 l9es are express$ by figures 9 a simil> mann]4 8,z to figur$ sonnets10 says ! au?or1 8no bett] rule c be giv51 ?an m]ely to obs]ve t ! figures %\ld cle>ly & di/9ctly correspond ) ! matt]1 & t !re %\ld be z few supplem5t>y lett]s z possible4 ,( c\rse1 or?ography & pure ,italian are n to be look$ = 9 su* ex]cises2 & x is no objection t ! same figure be us$ = ! beg9n+ ( "o ^w1 ! middle ( ano!r1 or ! end ( a ?ird4 ,x is ! *ief excell5ce ( su* compositions t !re %\ld be few lett]s to be suppli$40 ,illu/ration ,! 8int]pretatio0 ( ! prec$+ figur$ text is z foll[s3 8,dove son gli oc*i1 et la s]5a =ma ,del santo alegro et amoroso aspetto8 ,dov' la man eburna ov' e 'l bel petto ,*' app5s>vi hor' 9 fonte mi trans=ma80 ,?is figur$ sonnet is a curi\s specim5 ( hi]oglyphic & 8phonetic0 writ+ comb9$4 ,= ^? :o d n und]/& ,italian1 x seems necess>y to give ! foll[+ explanation ( ! words1 & po9t out _! phonetic relation to ! ?+s4 ,dove1 :]e1 is compos$ ( ,d1 & ove1 eggs1 z se5 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! fir/ l9e4 ,son1 are1 is repres5t$ by a man's head & a trumpet1 mak+ a s\nd1 son4 ,! prec$+ figures are examples ( :at is call$ 8phonetic0 writ+1 by mod]n exp\nd]s ( ,egyptian antiquities1--t is1 ! figures ( ?+s are n plac$ z repres5tatives ( ! ?+s !mselves1 b t _! names :5 pron\nc$ may =m a ^w or "p ( a ^w1 :i* has g5]ally n ! lea/ relation to ! ?+ by :i* x is phonetically1 t is1 vocally1 express$4 ,oc*i1 eyes1 is an in/ance ( hi]oglyphic writ+2 ! figure & ! idea to be repres5t$ agree4 ,la1 !1 is repres5t$ by ! musical note la2 s]5a1 placid1 by a ,sir51--,sir5a1-- or?ography1 z ! au?or says1 is n to be expect$ 9 figur$ sonnets2 & =ma1 %ape1 by a %oemak]'s la/1 :i* is call$ =ma 9 ,italian4 ,9 ! second l9e1 ,santo1 holy1 is repres5t$ by a ,sa9t1 ,santo2 allegro1 *e]fulness1 by a pair ( w+s1 ale1 & grue1 a crane1 ! sup]flu\s e =m+1 ) ! ,t foll[+1 ! conjunction et1 &4 ,! words amoroso aspetto are =m$ ( amo1 a hook1 rosa1 a rose1 & petto1 ! brea/1 ) a supplem5t>y s betwe5 ! rose & ! brea/4 ,9 ! ?ird l9e we h ove1 eggs1 & ! musical la aga92 man1 ! h&1 is express$ by its prop] figure2 eburna1 ivory-l1 is compos$ ( ! lett]s ,,eb & an urn1 urna2 & 9 ! latt] "p ( ! l9e ! eggs1 ov'1 & ! brea/1 petto1 are repeat$4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! f\r? l9e1 a c\ple ( cloaks1 cappe1 /& = *' appe 9 ! comp\nd ^w *' appens>vi2 hor'1 n[1 is repres5t$ by an h\r-glass1 hora1 lit]ally1 an h\r2 fonte1 a f\nta91 is express$ by its prop] figure2 & ! words mi trans=ma1 are phonetically express$ by a mitre1 mitra1 ! supplem5t>y lett]s ,,ns1 & ! %oemak]'s la/1 =ma4 ,9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 a ta/e = inv5t+ devices 9 ?is mann] seems to h be5 fa%ionable among pr(ess$ wits2 & ! practice ( express+ a "n by a rebus 0 n unfrequ5t 9 an e>li] age4 ,x is probable t ! old sign ( ! ,bolt-9-,tun 9 ,fleet ,/reet d]ives its orig9 f ,bolton1 a prior ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew's 9 ,smi?field1 :o gave a bird-bolt 9 ! bung-hole ( a tun z ! rebus ( 8 "n4 ,! peculi>ities ( ! ,italian figur$ sonnet are n unaptly illu/rat$ 9 ,camd5's ,rema9s1 9 ! *apt] entitl$ 8,rebus1,,vi-#gc or ,"n-,devises30 8,did n t amor\s y\? my/ically expresse 8 love to ,rose ,hill1 :om he c\rt$1 :5 9 a bord] ( 8 pa9t$ clo? he caus$ to be pa9t$ z rudely z he devis$ grossely1 a rose1 a hill1 an eye1 a loafe1 & a well1--t is1 if y w spell x1 ,rose ,hill ,i love well40,,vi-#gd ,footnote ,,vi-#gc3 ,!re is a curi\s allusion to a ,rebus 9 ,horace1 ,satyr4 ,lib4 ,i4 ,sat4 ,v41 ,v]s4 #hh1 :i* has escap$ ! notice ( all 8 comm5tators3 8,quatuor h9c rapimur vig9ti et millia rh$is1 ,mansuri oppidulo1 quod v]su dic]e non e/1 ,signis p]facile e/40 ,! place :i* he did n ?9k prop] to "n 0 und\bt$ly ,asculum1 ^: situation exactly corresponds ) ! di/ance f ,trivicum1 :]e he re/$ ! prec$+ night4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* ,horace alludes to ! signa-- z & culum-- ( :i* ! "n is compos$1 x seems likely t a c]ta9 vulg> b5ison 0 n unkn[n at ,rome 9 ! age ( ,augu/us4 ,footnote ,,vi-#gd3 ,rema9es conc]n+ ,brita9e1 ) additions by ,john ,philpot1 ,som]set ,h]ald1 p4 #afd4 ,edit4 #afcf4 ,among ! wood engrav]s ( ,lyons :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! only "o ^: "n has come d[n to mod]n times is ,b]n>d ,solomon2 & if he 7 actually ! engrav] ( ! num]\s cuts :i* are ascrib$ to him1 he mu/ h be5 extremely indu/ri\s4 ,i am n1 h[ev]1 aw>e ( any cut :i* conta9s 8 m>k2 & x is by no means c]ta9 :e!r he 7 really a wood engrav]1 or :e!r he only made ! designs = wood engrav]s to execute4 ,papillon1 :o has be5 bl9dly foll[$ by mo/ p]sons :o h ei!r incid5tally or expressly writt5 on wood engrav+1 unhesitat+ly claims him z a wood engrav]2 b look+ at ! inequality 9 ! execution ( ! cuts ascrib$ to him1 & reg>d+ ! sam5ess ( "* 9 ! designs1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he 0 n an engrav]1 b t he m]ely made ! draw+s on ! wood4 ,sir ,e4 ,l4 ,bulw] has committ$ a mi/ake ( ?is k9d 9 8 ,engl& & ! ,engli%3 8,?is c\ntry10 says he 9 8 second volume1 page #bje1 edition #ahcc1 8may boa/ ( hav+1 9 ,bewick ( ,newca/le1 br\ght wood engrav+ to p]fection2 8 pupil1 ,h>vey1 cont9ues ! pr(ession ) reputation40 ,! writ] "h evid5tly speaks ( t :i* he kn[s v little ab\t1 = at ! "t t 8 book 0 publi%$1 ,h>vey1 ?\gh orig9ally a wood engrav]1 & a pupil ( ,bewick1 _h ab&on$ ! pr(ession = ab\t eight ye>s1 & _h devot$ himself entirely to pa9t+ & draw+ = copp]-plate & wood engrav]s4 ,inde$ ,i v mu* "q if ,sir ,edw>d ,lytton ,bulw] ev] saw a cut--except1 p]haps1 t ( ,d5tatus1--:i* 0 actually engrav$ by ,h>vey4 ,) ab\t equal propriety1 a writ]1 speak+ ( wood engrav+ 9 ,engl& tw5ty ye>s ago1 might h describ$ ! late ,john ,?ur/on z 8cont9u+ ! pr(ession ) reputation10 m]ely because he 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal design]s ( wood engrav+s at t p]iod4 ,b]n>d ,solomon1 :e!r a design] or engrav] on wood1 is ju/ly entitl$ to be rank$ among ! 8little ma/]s0 9 ?is bran* ( art4 ,all ! cuts ascrib$ to him :i* h come "u my notice are ( small size1 & mo/ ( !m are execut$ 9 a delicate mann]2 !y are1 h[ev]1 g5]ally defici5t 9 effect1,,vi-#ge & may readily be di/+ui%$ by ! tall slim figures :i* he introduces4 ,he evid5tly _h n und]/ood ! 8capabilities0 ( 8 art1 = 9 none ( 8 productions d we f9d ! well-contra/$ 8black-&-:ite10 :i*1 :5 well manag$1 mat]ially contributes to ! excell5ce ( a well-engrav$ wood-cut4 ,! production ( a good black is1 inde$1 "o ( ! great advantages1 9 po9t ( conv5tional col\r1 :i* wood possesses ov] copp]2 & ! wood engrav] :o neglects ?is advantage1 & lab\rs p]haps = a :ole day to cut ) me*anical precision a numb] ( delicate b unmean+ l9es1 :i* a copp]-plate engrav] w\ld execute ) facility 9 an h\r1 af=ds a tol]ably conv9c+ pro( ( 8 n ?or\ghly und]/&+ ! pr9ciples ( 8 art4 ,9 ,b]n>d's cuts1 & 9 mo/ ( ^? execut$ at ,lyons ab\t ! same p]iod1 we f9d mu* ( ?is ineffective lab\r2 we p]ceive 9 !m _m evid5ces ( ! pa9s-tak+ workman1 b few traits ( ! tal5t$ arti/4 ,f ! "t t a ta/e = ^? little & labori\sly execut$1 b spiritless cuts1 began to prevail1 ! decl9e ( wood engrav+ may be dat$4 ,in/ead ( conf9+ !mselves )9 ! legitimate b\nd>ies ( _! own art1 wood engrav]s seem to h be5 desir\s ( emulat+ ! delicacy ( copp]-plate engrav+1 &1 z might naturally be expect$ by any "o :o und]/&s ! di/9ctive peculi>ities ( ! two arts1 !y fail$4 ,! book-buy]s ( ! p]iod hav+ become sick5$ ) ! glut ( ta/eless & ineffective trifles1 wood engrav+ began to decl9e3 l>ge well-engrav$ wood-cuts execut$ betwe5 #aehj & #afjj are comp>atively sc>ce4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ge3 ,papillon1 :o speaks highly ( ! execution ( ! cuts ascrib$ to ,b]n>d ,solomon1 admits t !y want effect4 8,la gravure10 says he1 speak+ ( ! cuts conta9$ 9 #8,quadr9s ,hi/oriques de la ,bible1' 8e/ =t belle1 except qu'elle manque de clair obscur1 p>ce que les tailles sont presque t\tes de la mme te9te1 ce qui fait que les lo9ta9s ne fuy5t pas assez4 ,c'e/ le seul defaut des gravures de ,b]n>d ,salomon2 ce qui lui a t commun avec plus de qu>ante autres graveurs en bois de son temps40--,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #bji4 ,b]n>d ,solomon1 or1 z he is frequ5tly call$1 ,little ,solomon1 f ! smallness ( 8 works1 is said to h be5 born 9 #aeab1 & ! mo/ ( ! cuts :i* are ascrib$ to him appe>$ 9 works pr9t$ at ,lyons betwe5 #aede & #aehj4 ,p]haps m books conta9+ small wood-cuts 7 pr9t$ at ,lyons betwe5 ^? ye>s ?an 9 any o!r city or t[n 9 ,europe dur+ ! correspond+ p]iod4 ,x appe>s to h be5 ! gr& m>t = ,scripture cuts1 emblems1 & devices2 b out ( ! _m hundr$s :i* appe> to h be5 engrav$ !re 9 ! p]iod ref]r$ to1 x w\ld be difficult to select tw5ty t c be consid]$ really excell5t bo? 9 execution & design4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal publi%]s ( ,lyons at t "t 0 ,jean de ,t\rnes2 _m ( ! works :i* issu$ f 8 press display great typographic excell5ce1 & 9 almo/ all ! cuts are engrav$ ) great neatness4 ,! foll[+ cut is a fac-simile ( "o :i* appe>s 9 ! title-page ( an edition ( ,petr>*'s ,sonnetti1 ,canzoni1 e ,trionfi1 publi%$ by him 9 a small octodecimo volume1 #aede4 ,illu/ration ,! design ( ! cut displays some?+ ( ! ta/e = emblem & device,,vi-#gf :i* 0 !n s preval5t1 & :i* became s g5]ally diffus$ by ! frequ5t editions ( ,alciat's ,emblems1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 pr9t$ ab\t #aeca4 ,! portraits ( ,petr>* & ,laura1 look+ n unlike 8,philip & ,m>y on a %ill+10 are se5 enclos$ )9 a he>t :i* ,cupid has pi]c$ to ! v core ) "o ( 8 arr[s4 ,! volume conta9s sev5 o!r small cuts1 design$ & engrav$ 9 a /yle :i* v mu* resembles t ( ! cuts ascrib$ to ,b]n>d ,solomon2 & z !re is no m>k by :i* 8 productions are to be asc]ta9$1 ,i ?9k !y are z likely to be ( 8 design+ z ?ree-f\r?s ( ^? :i* are g5]ally suppos$ to be ( 8 engrav+4 ,footnote ,,vi-#gf3 ,sev]al editions ( ,alciat's ,emblems & ,claude ,p>ad9's ,devises ,h]oques 7 publi%$ at ,lyons 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! latt] "w 0 pr9t$ !re by ,jean de ,t\rnes1 9 #aeeg1 #hvo4 ,! "w entitl$ 8,quadr9s ,hi/oriques de la ,bible10 ) wood-cuts1 ascrib$ to ,b]n>d ,solomon1 & pr9t$ at ,lyons by ,jean de ,t\rnes1 0 und\bt$ly sugge/$ by ! 8,hi/ori>um ,vet]is ,te/am5ti ,icones0--,holbe9's ,bible-cuts--fir/ publi%$ by ! bro!rs ,frellon 9 #aech4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! ,quadr9s ,hi/oriques 0 publi%$ 9 octavo ab\t #aeej1 & 0 sev]al times repr9t$ )9 ! succe$+ tw5ty ye>s4 ,! total numb] ( cuts 9 ! edition ( #aefj is two hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e1 ( :i* no less ?an "o hundr$ & sev5ty are devot$ to ! illu/ration ( ,exodus & ,g5esis4 ,at ! top ( ea* is pr9t$ ! ref]5ce to ! *apt] to :i* x relates1 & at ! bottom is a 8,quadr9 potique1 tir de la ,bible1 p\r grav] en la table des affeccions l'am\r des sacrees ,hi/ories40 ,^? 8,quadr9s0 appe> to h be5 writt5 by ,claude ,p>ad94 ,! composition ( sev]al ( ! cuts is good1 & ne>ly all display great neatness ( execution4 ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( ! sev5?1 ,adam & ,eve driv5 out ( ,p>adise4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to obs]ve t ?is is by no means "o ( ! be/ cuts ei!r 9 po9t ( design or execution4 ,illu/ration ,a simil> "w1 entitl$ 8,figures du ,n\veau ,te/am5t10 ) cuts1 evid5tly design$ by ! p]son :o _h made ! draw+s = ^? 9 ! 8,quadr9s ,hi/oriques de la ,bible10 0 also publi%$ by ,jean de ,t\rnes ab\t #aeec1 & sev]al editions 7 subsequ5tly pr9t$4 ,! cuts are r less 9 size ?an ^? ( ! ,quadr9s1 & are1 on ! :ole1 r bett] engrav$4 ,! total numb] is a hundr$ & f\r1 & "u ea* are six explanatory v]ses1 compos$ by ,*>les ,fonte9e1 :o1 9 a %ort poetical address at ! comm5cem5t1 d$icates ! "w 8,a ,tres-illu/re et ,tre%aute ,pr9cesse1 ,madame ,m>gu]ite de ,france1 ,du*esse de ,b]ri40 ,! foll[+1 ,*ri/ tempt$ by ,satan1 is a copy ( ! sixte5? cut1 b l t ( ! expulsion ( ,adam & ,eve1 x is n "o ( ! be/ 9 ! "w4 ,illu/ration ,old engrav+s & pa9t+s illu/rative ( mann]s or ( co/ume are g5]ally int]e/+2 & on ?is acc\nt a set ( l>ge wood-cuts design$ by ,pet] ,coeck ( ,alo/1 9 ,fl&]s1 is des]v+ ( notice4 ,! subjects ( ^? cuts are ! mann]s & co/umes ( ! ,turks2 & ! draw+s 7 made on ! spot by ,coeck himself1 :o visit$ ,turkey 9 #aecc4 ,x is said t he br\ght f ! ea/ an important secret relative to ! art ( dye+ silk & wool = ! fabrication ( tape/ries1 a bran* ( manufacture ) :i* he appe>s to h be5 connect$1 & = :i* he made a numb] ( designs4 ,he 0 also an ar*itect & an au?or2 & publi%$ sev]al treatises on sculpture1 geometry1 p]spective1 & ar*itecture4 ,! cuts illu/rative ( ! mann]s & co/ume ( ! ,turks 7 n publi%$ until #aeec1 ?ree ye>s aft] 8 decease1 z we le>n f an inscription on ! la/4,,vi-#gg ,!y are oblong1 ( folio size2 & ! sev5 ( :i* ! set consi/s are int5d$ to be jo9$ toge!r1 & ?us to =m "o cont9u\s subject4 ,! figures1 bo? on foot & horseback1 are design$ ) great _s1 b !y want relief1 & ! engrav+ is co>se4 ,"o ( ! cu/oms :i* he has illu/rat$ 9 ! cut ,no4 #c is s+ul>2 & ?\gh ?is ori5talism has be5 notic$ by a ,scotti% judge--,maclaur9 ( ,dreghorn--,pet] ,coeck appe>s to be ! only travell] :o has graphically repres5t$ 8quo modo ,turci m+unt10 i4 e4 s$5tes4 ,succe$+ arti/s h avail$ !mselves lib]ally ( ^? cuts4 ,z ! ,turks 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 7 mu* m =midable z a nation ?an at pres5t1 & _! mann]s & cu/oms objects ( great] curiosity1 wood engrav+s illu/rative ( _! co/ume & mode ( liv+ appe> to h be5 9 consid]able dem& at t p]iod1 = bo? 9 books & z s+le cuts !y are comp>atively num]\s4 ,footnote ,,vi-#gg3 ,! foll[+ explanatory title occurs on ! fir/ cut3 8,ces moeurs et fa*ons de faire de ,turcz avecq' les ,regions y app>t5antes1 ont e/e au vif contrefactez p> ,pi]re ,coeck d',alo/1 luy e/ant en ,turquie1 l'an de ,jesu ,*ri/ ,m4,d4 #cc4 ,lequel assy de sa ma9 propre a p\rtraict ces figures duysantes l'impression d'ycelles40 ,f ano!r ( ! cuts we ?us le>n ! "t ( 8 dea?3 8,m>ie ,v]hul/ vefue du dict ,pi]re d',alo/1 trespasse en l'anne ,,mdl1 a faict imprim] les dicts figures s\bz ,grace et ,privilege de l',imp]ialle ,maie/ie4 ,en l',ann ,,mcccccliii40 ,?\gh *i>o-scuro engrav+ on wood 01 9 all probability1 fir/ practis$ 9 ,g]many1 yet ! art does n appe> to h be5 s mu* cultivat$ nor s highly priz$ 9 t c\ntry z 9 ,italy4 ,betwe5 #aecj & #aeej1 :5 ,antonio ,fantuzzi1 ,j4 ,n4 ,v9c5t9i1 & o!r ,italians1 7 engag$ 9 execut+ num]\s *i>o-scuros aft] ! designs ( su* ma/]s z ,raffaele1 ,corregio1 ,p>megiano1 ,polidoro1 ,beccafumi1 & ,f4 ,salviati1 ! art appe>s to h be5 comp>atively ab&on$ by ! wood engrav]s ( ,g]many4 ,! *i>o-scuros execut$ 9 ! latt] c\ntry _c g5]ally = a mom5t be> a comp>ison1 ei!r 9 po9t ( design or execution1 ) ^? execut$ 9 ,italy dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 se5 "o ,g]man cut execut$ 9 ?is /yle1 ) ! date #aedc1 :i*1 = ! numb] ( ! blocks f :i* x is pr9t$1 & ! delicacy ( ! impression 9 c]ta9 p>ts1 is1 if g5u9e1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( t p]iod4 ,z ! pap]1 h[ev]1 seems comp>atively mod]n1 ,i am induc$ to suspect t ! date may be t ( ! pa9t+ or draw+1 & t ?is picture-pr9t--=1 ?\gh execut$ by ! same process1 x w\ld be improp] to call x a *i>o-scuro--may h be5 ! "w ( ,ungh]1 a ,g]man wood engrav]1 :o execut$ "s *i>o-scuros at ,b]l9 ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago4 ,:atev] may be ! date1 h[ev]1 or :oev] may h be5 ! arti/1 x is "o ( ! be/ execut$ specim5s ( col\r$ block pr9t+ t ,i h ev] se54 ,?is curi\s picture-pr9t1 includ+ ! bord]1 is t5 in*es & ?ree qu>t]s high by six in*es & ?ree qu>t]s wide4 ,! subject is a figure ( ,*ri/2 9 8 left h& he holds an orb emblematic ( 8 p[]1 :ile ! "r is elevat$ z 9 ! act ( pron\nc+ a b5$iction4 ,8 robe is blue1 ) ! folds indicat$ by a d>k] t9t1 & ! bord] & light] p>ts impress$ ) at lea/ two light] col\rs4 ,above ?is robe !re is a l>ge r$ mantle1 fa/5$ 9 front ) :at appe>s to be a jewel ( ?ree diff]5t col\rs1 ruby1 yell[1 & blue2 ! folds are ( a d>k] col\r2 & ! lights are express$ by a k9d ( yell[1 :i* has evid5tly be5 ei!r impress$1 or laid on ! pap] ) a bru%1 be=e ! r$ col\r ( ! mantle1 & :i*1 f its gli/5+1 seems to h be5 comp\nd$ ) "s metallic sub/ance l f9e gold-du/4 ,! bord] ( ! pr9t consi/s ( a simil> yell[1 betwe5 pla9 black l9es4 ,! face is pr9t$ 9 fle% col\r ( ?ree t9ts1 & ! head is surr\nd$ ) rays ( glory1 :i* appe> l gild+4 ,! engrav+ ( ! face1 & ( ! hair ( ! head & be>d1 is extremely well execut$1 & mu* sup]ior to any?+ t ,i h se5 9 wood-cuts conta9+ ,ungh]'s m>k4 ,! globe is blue1 ) ! lights pres]v$1 int]sect$ by light r$ & yell[ l9es2 & ! small cross at ! top is also yell[1 l ! light on ! r$ mantle4 ,! h&s & feet are express$ 9 _! prop] col\rs2 ! gr\nd on :i* ! ,r$eem] /&s is some?+ betwe5 a lake & a fawn col\r2 & ! gr\nd ( ! pr9t1 upw>ds f ab\t an in* above ! bottom1 is ( a light] blue ?an ! robe4 ,to ! "r1 ne> ! bottom1 are ! date & m>k1 ?us3 #aedc ,! figure l a w+$ s]p5t resembles a m>k :i* 0 frequ5tly us$ by ,lucas ,crana*1 except t ! s]p5t or dragon ( ! latt] appe>s less crook$1 & usually has a r+ 9 its m\?4 ,! lett] und]nea? also appe>s r m l an ,i ?an an ,l4 ,! draw+ ( ! figure ( ,*ri/1 h[ev]1 is v mu* 9 ! /yle ( ,lucas ,crana*1 & ,i am /rongly incl9$ to ?9k t ! orig9al pa9t+ or draw+ 0 execut$ by him1 :oev] may h be5 ! engrav]4 ,!re mu/ h be5 at lea/ t5 blocks requir$ = ?is curi\s pr9t1 :i*1 = cle>ness & di/9ctness 9 ! col\rs1 & = delicacy ( impression1 m especially 9 ! face1 may *all5ge a comp>ison n only ) ! f9e/ *i>o-scuros ( =m] times1 b also ) ! be/ specim5s ( col\r$ block-pr9t+ ( ! pres5t day4,,vi-#gh ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#gh3 ,?is int]e/+ specim5 ( ! comb9$ arts ( wood engrav+ & pr9t+ =m]ly belong$ to ! late ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bran/on1 wood engrav]1 :o execut$ sev]al ( ! *i>o-scuros1 & imitations ( col\r$ draw+s1 9 ,savage's "w on ,decorative ,pr9t+4 ,x is n[ 9 ! possession ( 8 son1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,bran/on1 :o is ( ! same pr(ession z 8 fa!r4 ,9 #aeeg1 ,hub]t ,goltzius1 a pa9t]1 b bett] kn[n z an au?or ?an z an arti/1 publi%$ at ,antw]p1 9 folio1 a "w conta9+ portraits1 execut$ 9 *i>o-scuro1 ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 f ,julius ,cs> to ,f]d9& ,i4,,vi-#gi ,descamps1 9 8 "w entitl$ 8,la ,vie des ,pe9tres ,flam&s1 ,allem&s et ,holl&ois10 says t ^? portraits1 :i* are all copi$ f m$als1 7 8engrav$ on wood by a pa9t] ( ,c\rtrai1 nam$ ,joseph ,gietleugh520,,vi-#hj & ,papillon1 :o _h exam9$ ! "w m closely1 b n closely en\gh1 says t ! outl9es are et*$1 & t ! two r5tres--! subsequ5t impressions :i* give to ! :ole ! appe>ance ( a *i>o-scuro draw+--are f blocks ( wood engrav$ 9 intaglio4 ,:at ,papillon says ab\t ! outl9es be+ et*$ is true2 b a close inspection ( ^? portraits w af=d any p]son acqua9t$ ) ! process ample pro( ( ! 8r5tres0 be+ also pr9t$ f plates ( metal 9 ! same mann] z f engrav$ wood-blocks4 ,footnote ,,vi-#gi3 ,! title-page ( ?is "w is pr9t$ 9 ?ree col\rs1--black1 sepia1 & gre54 ,! black ornam5tal outl9es are f an et*$ plate2 ! sepia & gre5 col\rs are pr9t$ f wood-blocks4 ,an edition ( ?is "w1 enl>g$ by ,gev>tius1 ) portraits 9 two col\rs1 & entirely engrav$ on wood1 0 pr9t$ at ,antw]p 9 #afde4 ,footnote ,,vi-#hj3 ,tom4 i4 p4 #abi4 ,p>is1 #agec4 ,ea* ( ^? portraits appe>s l an enl>g$ copy ( a m$al1 & is ! result ( ?ree sep>ate impressions2 ! fir/1 conta9+ ! outl9es ( ! head1 ! ornam5ts1 & ! "n1 has be5 pr9t$ f an et*$ plate ( copp] or "s o!r metal1 by means ( a copp]-plate pr9t+-press2 & ! two o!r impressions1 ov] ! fir/1 h also be5 f plates ( metal1 m\nt$ on blocks ( wood1 & pr9t$ by means ( ! common typographic pr9t+-press4 ,! outl9es ( ! head & ( ! lett]s =m+ ! leg5d are black2 ! field ( ! m$al is a muddy k9d ( sepia2 & ! head & ! bord]1 pr9t$ f ! same surface & at ! same "t1 are ( a light] %ade4 ,! lights to be pres]v$ h be5 cut 9 intaglio 9 ! plates = ! two 8r5tres0 9 ! same mann] z on blocks ( wood = pr9t+ 9 *i>o-scuro4 ,! m>ks ( ! p9s by :i* ! two plates = ! 8r5tres0 h be5 fa/5$ to blocks ( wood1 to raise !m to a prop] height1 are v p]ceptible2 9 ! field ( ! m$al !y appe> l circul> po9ts1 g5]ally 9 pairs2 :ile r\nd ! out] m>g9 !y are mo/ly ( a squ>e =m4 ,x is difficult to conceive :at advantage ,goltzius might expect to d]ive by pr9t+ ! 8r5tres0 f metal plates2 = all t he has ?us produc$ c\ld h be5 m simply effect$ by means ( wood-blocks1 z practis$ up to t "t by all o!r *i>o-scuro engrav]s4 ,?\gh ^? portraits possess b little m]it z *i>o-scuros1 !y are yet highly int]e/+ 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 z af=d+ ! fir/ in/ances ( et*+ be+ employ$ = ! outl9es ( a *i>o-scuro1 & ( ! sub/itution1 9 surface-pr9t+1 ( a plate ( metal = a wood-block4 ,goltzius's mann] ( et*+ ! outl9es ( a *i>o-scuro pr9t 0 frequ5tly practis$ bo? by ,fr5* & ,engli% arti/s ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury2 & ab\t #agbb1 ,edw>d ,kirkall engrav$ ! pr9cipal p>ts ( 8 *i>o-scuros 9 mezzo-t9t1 & aft]w>ds pr9t$ a t9t f a metal plate m\nt$ on wood4 ,9 ! pres5t day ,mr4 ,george ,baxt] has successfully appli$ ! pr9ciple ( engrav+ ! gr\nd & ! outl9es ( 8 subjects 9 aqua-t9t2 &1 z 9 ! case ( ,hub]t ,goltzius & ,kirkall1 he sometimes uses a metal-plate in/ead ( a wood-block 9 surface-pr9t+4 ,9 ! picture-pr9ts execut$ by ,mr4 ,baxt] = ! ,pictorial ,album1 #ahcg1 ! t9t ( ! pap] on :i* ea* imitative pa9t+ appe>s to be m\nt$1 is communicat$ f a smoo? plate ( copp]1 :i* receives ! col\r1 & is pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] z a wood-block4 ,among ! ,g]man arti/s :o made designs = wood engrav]s f ! "t ( ,dur] to ab\t #aeij1 ,erh>d ,s*n1 ,virgil ,solis1 ,mel*ior ,lori*1 & ,jo/ ,amman may be consid]$ z ! pr9cipal4 ,!y are all frequ5tly describ$ z wood engrav]s f ! circum/ance ( _! m>ks be+ f\nd on ! cuts :i* !y und\bt$ly design$1 b mo/ c]ta9ly did n engrave4 ,erh>d ,s*n *iefly resid$ at ,nuremb]g2 & "s ( ! e>lie/ cuts ( 8 design+ are dat$ #aebh4 ,9 #aech he publi%$ at ,nuremb]g a small treatise1 9 oblong qu>to1 on ! proportions ( ! human figure1 = ! use ( /ud5ts & "y p]sons4,,vi-#ha ,?is "w conta9s sev]al wood-cuts1 all co>sely engrav$1 illu/rative ( ! writ]'s precepts2 two or ?ree ( !m--:]e ! heads & bodies are repres5t$ by squ>es & rhomboidal figures--are extremely curi\s1 ?\gh app>5tly n v well adapt$ to improve a le>n] 9 ! art ( design4 ,ano!r ( ! cuts1 :]e ! proportions are illu/rat$ by means ( a figure inscrib$ )9 a circle1 is v l "o ( ! illu/rations conta9$ 9 ,flaxman's ,lectures on ,sculpture4 ,"s cuts ( play+-c>ds1 design$ by ,s*n1 are 9 great] reque/ ?an any ( 8 o!r works engrav$ on wood1 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 h b little to recomm5d !m4 ,he di$ ab\t #aeej4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ha3 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( ! title3 8,und]weisung d] ,proportzion und ,/ellung d] ,poss51 lieg5t und /eh5t2 abge/o*5 wie man das vor aug5 sieht1 9 dem pu*le91 dur* ,erh>t ,s*on von ,norr5b]g2 fr die ,jung5 gesell5 und ,jung5 zu unt]ri*tung die zu d] ,kun/ lieb trag54 ,9 d5 druck gepra*t1 #aech40 ,virgil ,solis1 a pa9t]1 copp]-plate engrav]1 & design] on wood1 0 born at ,nuremb]g ab\t #aead4 ,! cuts :i* conta9 8 m>k are extremely num]\s2 &1 f _! be+ mo/ly ( small size1 he is rank$ by ,he9ek5 ) ! 8,little ,ma/]s40 ,sev]al ( 8 cuts display great f]tility ( inv5tion2 b ?\gh 8 figures are frequ5tly spirit$ & ! attitudes good1 yet 8 draw+ is g5]ally c>eless & incorrect4 ,z a consid]able numb] ( 8 cuts are ( ! same k9d z ^? ( ,b]n>d ,solomon1 x seems z if !re _h be5 a competition at t "t betwe5 ! booksell]s ( ,nuremb]g & ^? ( ,lyons = supply+ ! ,european m>ket ) illu/rations ( two works ( widely diff]5t "*1 to wit1 ! ,bible1 & ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1--,virgil ,solis be+ reta9$ = ! ,g]man1 & ,b]n>d ,solomon = ! ,fr5* publi%]s4 ,he design$ ! cuts 9 a ,g]man edition ( ! ,bible1 pr9t$ 9 #aefj2 mo/ ( ! portraits ( ! ,k+s ( ,france 9 a "w publi%$ at ,nuremb]g 9 #aeff2 a s]ies ( cuts = ,esop's fables2 & ! illu/rations ( an edition ( ,reusn]'s ,emblems4 ,sev]al cuts ) ! m>k ( ,virgil ,solis are to be f\nd 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s ,bible1 pr9t$ by ,ri*>d ,jugge1 folio1 ,london1 #aefh4 ,9 ! second edition1 #aegb1 !re are two ornam5t$ initial lett]s1 app>5tly ( 8 design+1 :i* seem to %[ t 8 sacr$ & pr(ane subjects 7 liable to be conf\nd$1 & t cuts orig9ally design$ = an edition ( ,ovid might by "s s+ul> ov]sight be us$ 9 an edition ( ! ,bible1 al?\gh pr9t$ "u ! especial sup]9t5d5ce ( a ,"r ,rev]5d ,ar*bi%op4 ,9 ! lett] ,g1 :i* =ms ! comm5cem5t ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 ! subject repres5t$ by ! arti/ is ,l$a c>ess$ by ,jupit] 9 ! =m ( a swan2 & 9 ! lett] ,t at ! comm5cem5t ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,epi/le ,g5]al ( ,/4 ,john1 ! subject is ,v5us be=e ,jove1 ) ,cupid1 ,juno1 ,m>s1 ,neptune1 & o!r ,hea!n deities 9 att5dance4,,vi-#hb ,footnote ,,vi-#hb3 ,?is la/ lett] conta9s ! m>k ,,sa1 :i* is to be f\nd on "s ( ! cuts 9 ! editions ( ! ,dance ( ,dea? pr9t$ at ,cologne1 #aeee-aegb4 ,a s]ies ( wood-cuts design$ by ,virgil ,solis1 illu/rative ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 0 publi%$ at ,frank=t1 9 oblong qu>to1 by ,george ,corv9us1 ,sigismund ,fey]ab5d1 & ! heirs ( ,wig& ,gallus1 9 #aefi4 ,ea* cut is surr\nd$ by a heavy ornam5tal bord]2 above ea* are f\r v]ses 9 ,lat91 & und]nea? f\r 9 ,g]man1 compos$ by ,johannes ,po/hius1 descriptive ( ! subject4 ,9 ! title-page1,,vi-#hc :i* is bo? 9 ,lat9 & 9 ,g]man1 x is /at$ t !y are design$--g]iss5--by ,virgil ,solis = ! use & b5efit ( pa9t]s1 goldsmi?s1 & /atu>ies4 ,x is ?us evid5t t !y 7 n engrav$ by him2 & 9 corroboration ( ?is op9ion x may be obs]v$ t sev]al ( !m1 9 addition to 8 m>k1 ,symbol1 also conta9 ano!r1 ,symbol1 :i* is d\btless t ( ! wood engrav]4 ,! latt] m>k occurs frequ5tly 9 ! cuts design$ by ,virgil ,solis1 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s ,bible4 ,footnote ,,vi-#hc3 ,! title is z foll[s3 8,johan4 ,po/hii ,g]m]%emii ,tetra/i*a 9 ,ovidii ,metam4 ,lib4 xv4 ,quibus access]unt ,v]gilii ,solis figur elegantissim1 primum 9 lucem edit4--,s*ne ,figur51 auss dem frtreffli*5 ,poet5 ,ovidio1 all5 ,mal]n1 ,goldts*mid51 und ,bild?au]n1 zu nutz und gutem mit fleiss g]iss5 dur* ,v]gilium ,solis1 und mit ,teuts*5 ,reim5 krtzli* erklret1 d]glei*e9 vormals im ,druck nie aussgang51 ,dur* ,johan4 ,po/hium von ,g]m]s%eim4 ,m4,d4,,lxix40 ,evelyn1 9 8 ,sculptura1 has ! foll[+ notice ( ?is arti/3 8,virgilius ,solis grav$ also 9 wood ,! /ory ( ! ,bible & ,! me*anic arts 9 little2 b = imitat+ ^? vile po/ures ( ,aret9e _h 8 eyes put out by ! s5t5ce ( ! magi/rate40 ,!re is sc>cely a page ( ?is writ]'s works on art :i* does n conta9 simil> inaccuracies1 & yet he is frequ5tly quot$ & ref]r$ to z an au?ority4 ,! 8me*anic arts0 to :i* ,evelyn alludes 7 probably ! s]ies ( cuts design$ by ,jo/ ,amman1 & fir/ publi%$ 9 qu>to1 at ,frank=t1 9 #aefd2 & ! improbable /ory ( ,virgil ,solis hav+ _h 8 eyes put out = copy+ ,julio ,romano's obsc5e designs1 engrav$ by ,m>c ,antonio1 & illu/rat$ ) sonnets by ! scurril\s ribald1 ,pietro ,aret9e1 is utt]ly devoid ( f\ndation4 ,no su* copies h ev] be5 m5tion$ by any well-in=m$ writ] on art1 & !re is n ! slighte/ evid5ce ( ,virgil ,solis ev] hav+ be5 puni%$ 9 any mann] by ! magi/rates ( 8 native city1 ,nuremb]g1 :]e he di$ 9 #aegj4 ,wood-cuts ) ! m>k ( ,mel*ior ,lori* are comp>atively sc>ce4 ,he 0 a native ( ,fl5sburg 9 ,hol/e91 & 0 born 9 #aebg4 ,he obta9$ a k ( pa9t+ & copp]-plate engrav+ at ,leipsic1 & aft]w>ds travell$ ) 8 ma/] ?r\gh "s ( ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,he aft]w>ds visit$ ,vi5na1 & subsequ5tly ent]$ into ! s]vice ( ! ,palsgrave ,o?o1 9 ^: suite he visit$ ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,italy4 ,9 #aeeh he w5t ) ! ,imp]ial ambassador to ,con/ant9ople1 :]e he rema9$ ?ree ye>s4 ,8 pr9cipal works engrav$ on wood consi/ ( a s]ies ( illu/rations ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! ,turks1 publi%$ ab\t #aegj4 ,!re is a v clev] cut1 a ,lady spl5didly dress$1 ) 8 m>k & ! date #aeea2 x is pr9t$ on :at is call$ a 8broadside10 & und]nea? is a copy ( v]ses by ,hans ,sa*s1 ! celebrat$ %oemak] & mei/]sng] ( ,nuremb]g1,,vi-#hd entitl$ 8,e] und ,lob e9] s*n wolgezi]t5 ,fraw50--,! ,hon\r & ,praise ( a beautiful well-dress$ woman4 ,a l>ge cut ( ! ,deluge1 9 two %eets1 is consid]$ "o ( ! be/ ( 8 design+4 ,among ! copp]-plates engrav$ by ,mel*ior ,lori*1 a portrait ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 & two o!rs1 ( ! ,gr& ,signior & 8 fav\rite ,sultana1 are among ! mo/ sc>ce4 ,! "t ( 8 dea? is unc]ta91 b ,b>ts* ?9ks t he 0 /ill liv+ 9 #aehc1 z !re are wood-cuts ) 8 m>k ( t date4 ,footnote ,,vi-#hd3 ,hans ,sa*s1 ^: poetical works might vie 9 quantity ) ^? ( ,lope ,vega1 0 born at ,nuremb]g 9 #adid4 ,not)/&+ ! imm5se numb] ( v]ses :i* he compos$1 he did n tru/ to 8 pr(ession ( ,mei/]sng] = ! means ( liv+1 b cont9u$ to c>ry on 8 bus9ess z a %oemak] till 8 dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 #aegf4 ,8 v]ses 7 mu* admir$ by 8 contempor>ies2 & betwe5 #aegj & #aegi1 a collection ( 8 works 0 publi%$ 9 five volumes folio4 ,sev]al %ort pieces by him 7 orig9ally pr9t$ z 8broadsides10 ) an ornam5tal or illu/rative cut at ! top4 ,jo/ ,amman1 "o ( ! be/ design]s on wood ( ! p]iod 9 :i* he liv$1 0 born at ,zuri* 9 #aeci1 b remov$ to ,nuremb]g ab\t #aefj4,,vi-#he ,8 designs are m bold1 & display m ( ! vig\r ( ! old] ,g]man ma/]s1 ?an ^? ( 8 contempor>y ,virgil ,solis4 ,a s]ies ( cuts design$ by him1 illu/rative ( pr(essions & trades1 0 publi%$ 9 #aefd1 qu>to1 ) ! title 8,hans ,sa*se eig5tli*e ,bes*reibung all] ,/nde auf ,erd5--all] ,kn/e und ,h&w]k]10 c4--t is1 ,hans ,sa*s's correct ,description ( all ,ranks1 ,arts1 & ,trades2 & ano!r edition 9 duodecimo1 ) ! descriptions 9 ,lat91 appe>$ 9 ! same ye>4,,vi-#hf ,= ! correctness ( ! date ( ^? editions ,i am oblig$ to rely on ,he9ek51 z ,i h nev] se5 a copy ( ei!r2 ! e>lie/ edition ) ,hans ,sa*s's descriptions t has come "u my notice is dat$ #aegd4 ,9 a duodecimo edition1 #aefh1 & ano!r ( ! same size1 #aegd1 ! descriptions1 by ,h>tman ,s*opp]1 are 9 ,lat9 v]se4,,vi-#hg ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ curi\s & int]e/+ s]ies ( cuts1 exhibit+ ! v>i\s ranks & employm5ts ( m51 t ev] 0 publi%$4 ,among ! high] ord]s1 con/itut+ :at ! ,g]mans call ! 8,lehre und ,wehr ,/&e0--tea*]s & w>riors--are ! ,pope1 ,emp]or1 ,k+1 ,pr9ces1 ,nobles1 ,prie/s1 & ,lawy]s2 :ile almo/ e bran* ( lab\r or ( trade !n kn[n 9 ,g]many1 f agriculture to p9-mak+1 has its repres5tative4 ,!re are also n a few :i* x w\ld be difficult to r$uce to any di/9ct class1 z !y are nei!r trades nor hone/ pr(essions4 ,( ^? het]oclytes is ! 8,m]etricum procurator--d] ,hur5weibel0--or1 z ,capta9 ,dugald ,dalgetty says1 8! capta9 ( ! ,queans40 ,footnote ,,vi-#he3 ,papillon1 :o appe>s to h be5 extremely wi%ful to swell 8 catalogue ( wood engrav]s1 describes ,jo/ ,amman ( ,zuri* & ,jo/ ,amman ( ,nuremb]g z two diff]5t p]sons4 ,footnote ,,vi-#hf3 ,he9ek51 ,ide ,gnrale1 p4 #bdd4 ,footnote ,,vi-#hg3 ,! foll[+ is ! title ( ! edition ( #aefh2--t ( #aegd is some:at diff]5t4 8 omnium ,illib]alium me*anic>um aut s$5t>i>um artium1 cont95s quotquot unquam vel a vet]ibus1 aut no/ri etiam seculi celebritate excogit>i potu]unt1 brevit] et dilucide confecta3 c>m9um lib] primus1 tum mira v>ietate r]um vocabulorumque novo m excogitatorum copia p]quam utilis1 lectuque jucundus4 ,access]unt etiam v5u/issim ,imag9es omnes omnium artificum negociantes ad vivum lectori repres5tantes1 antehac nec vis nec unquam dit3 p] ,h>tman ,s*opp]um1 ,nov(or5s4 ,noricum4 --,frank(urti ad ,mo5um1 cum privelegio ,cs>io1 ,m4,d4,,lxviii40 ,! subject ( ! foll[+ cut1 :i* is ( ! same size z ! orig9al1 is a ,briefmal]1--lit]ally1 a c>d-pa9t]1 ! "n by :i* ! ,g]man wood engrav]s 7 kn[n be=e !y adopt$ ! m appropriate "o ( ,=ms*neid]4 ,x is evid5t1 t1 at ! "t :5 ! cut 0 engrav$1 ! two pr(essions 7 di/9ct3,,vi-#hh we "h p]ceive ! ,briefmal] employ$1 n 9 engrav+ cuts1 b engag$ 9 col\r+ c]ta9 figures by means ( a /5cil1--t is1 a c>d or ?9 plate ( metal1 out ( :i* ! int5d$ figure is cut4 ,a bru% *>g$ ) col\r be+ drawn ov] ! pi]c$ c>d1 z is se5 9 ! cut1 ! figure is communicat$ to ! pap] plac$ und]nea?4 ,! little %all[ vessels p]ceiv$ on ! top ( ! l>ge box 9 front are ! sauc]s :i* conta9 8 col\rs4 ,ne> ! w9d[1 imm$iately to 8 "r1 is a pile ( %eets :i*1 f ! figure ( a man on horseback se5 impress$ ^u !m1 appe> to be already f9i%$4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#hh3 ,! ,briefmal]s1 ?\gh at t "t evid5tly di/9ct f ! ,=ms*neid]s1 /ill cont9u$ to pr9t wood-cuts4 ,on sev]al l>ge wood-cuts ) ! dates #aeec & #aeed we f9d ! words1 8,g$rukt zu ,nrnb]g dur* ,hanns ,glas]1 ,brieffmal]40 ,! subject ( ! foll[+ cut1 f ! same "w1 is a ,=ms*neid]1 or wood engrav] prop]4 ,he is app>5tly at "w on a block :i* he has be=e him2 b ! k9d ( tool :i* he employs is n exactly l ^? us$ by ,engli% wood engrav]s ( ! pres5t day4 ,x seems to resemble a small long-h&l$ desk-knife2 :ile ! tool ( ! mod]n wood engrav] has a h&le :i* is r\nd$ at ! top 9 ord] to accommodate x to ! palm ( ! h&4 ,x is also nev] held v]tically1 z x appe>s 9 ! h& ( ! ,=ms*neid]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta91 f o!r woodcuts1 :i* w be subsequ5tly notic$1 t ! wood engrav]s ( t p]iod 7 accu/om$ to use a tool ) a h&le r\nd$ at ! top1 simil> to ! grav] us$ 9 ! pres5t day4,,vi-#hi--,! v]ses descriptive ( ! annex$ cut are translat$ f ,hans ,sa*s4 ,illu/ration ,i am a wood-engrav] good1 ,& all designs on blocks ( wood ,i ) my grav] cut s neat1 ,t :5 !y're pr9t$ on a %eet ,( pap] :ite1 y pla9ly view ,! v =ms ! arti/ drew3 ,8 draw+1 :e!r co>se or f9e1 ,is truly copi$ l9e = l9e4 ,footnote ,,vi-#hi3 ,see ! m>k ,c4 ,s4 at page #dac4 ,jo/ ,amman di$ 9 #aeia1 & f ! "t ( 8 settl+ at ,nuremb]g to t ( 8 decease he seems to h be5 *iefly employ$ 9 mak+ designs on wood = ! booksell]s ( ,nuremb]g & ,frank=t4 ,he also furni%$ designs = goldsmi?s2 & x is said t he excell$ z a pa9t] on glass4 ,! works :i* af=d ! be/ specim5s ( 8 tal5ts z a design] on wood are ^? illu/rative ( ! co/ume ( ! p]iod1 fir/ publi%$ betwe5 #aehj & #aehe by ,s4 ,fey]ab5d at ,frank=t4 ,"o ( ^? works conta9s ! co/umes ( m5 ( all ranks1 except ! cl]gy1 int]sp]s$ ) ! armorial be>+s ( ! pr9cipal families 9 ,g]many2 ano!r conta9s ! co/ume ( ! diff]5t ord]s ( ! prie/hood ( ! *ur* ( ,rome2 & a ?ird1 entitl$ ,gynceum sive ,!atrum ,muli]um1 is illu/rative ( ! co/ume ( wom5 ( all ranks 9 ,europe4 ,a "w on hunt+ & f[l+1 edit$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,lonic]us1 & pr9t$ 9 #aehb1 conta9s ab\t =ty excell5t cuts ( 8 design+4 ,a sep>ate volume1 consi/+ ( cuts select$ f ! f\r prec$+ works1 & ( a numb] ( o!r cuts *iefly illu/rative ( my?ological subjects & ( ! co/ume ( ,turkey1 0 publi%$ by ,fey]ab5d ab\t #aeij4 ,9 a subsequ5t edition ( ?is "w1 pr9t$ 9 #aeii1 x is /at$ t ! collection is publi%$ = ! especial b5efit ( pa9t]s & amateurs4,,vi-#ij ,among ! num]\s o!r cuts design$ by him1 ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 illu/rations = a ,bible publi%$ at ,frank=t #aefe2 a s]ies ( subjects f ,roman ,hi/ory1 entitl$ ,icones ,livian1 #aegb2 & ! cuts 9 an edition ( ,reyn>d ! ,fox4 ,! works ( ,jo/ ,amman h prov$ a m9e = succe$+ arti/s2 8 figures 7 frequ5tly copi$ by wood engrav]s 9 ,france1 ,italy & ,fl&]s2 & ev5 "s mod]n ,engli% pa9t+s conta9 evid5ces ( ! arti/ hav+ borr[$ some?+ m ?an a h9t f ! figures ( ,jo/ ,amman4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ij3 ,?is "w is entitl$ 8,kun/b*le910 & consi/s entirely ( cuts )\t any explanatory lett]-press4 ,! fir/ cut consi/s ( a gr\p ( heads1 drawn & engrav$ ) great _s4 ,on :at appe>s some?+ l a slab ( /one or wood--mo/ unmean+ly & awkw>dly introduc$--are ,jo/ ,amman's initials1 ,i4,a41 t[>ds ! top1 & l[] d[n ! m>k1 ,,mf :i* is d\btless t ( ! engrav]4 ,?is m>k1 ) a figure ( a grav] und]nea?1 occurs on sev]al ( ! o!r cuts4 ,! ?ree foll[+ m>ks1 ) a grav] und]nea? ea*1 also occur3 ,l4 ,f4 ,c4,s4 ,g4 ,h4 ,^! facts are suffici5t to prove t ,jo/ ,amman 0 n ! engrav] ( ! cuts :i* he design$4 ,9 ! edition ( #aeii ! cuts are said to h be5 drawn by 8! late mo/ excell5t & celebrat$ arti/1 ,jo/ ,amman ( ,nuremb]g40 ,jo/ ,amman 0 und\bt$ly "o ( ! be/ pr(essional design]s on wood ( 8 "t2 & 8 /yle be>s consid]able resemblance to t ( ,hans ,burgmair z exemplifi$ 9 ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian4 ,_m ( 8 figures are well drawn2 b ev5 9 ! be/ ( 8 subjects ! attitudes are some:at affect$ & g5]ally too viol5t2 & ?is1 ) an ov]/ra9$ expression1 makes 8 *>act]s appe> m l actors 9 a !atre ?an l real p]sonages4 ,9 ! cuts ( ! horse 9 ! 8,kun/b*le90 ! action ( ! animal is frequ5tly repres5t$ ) great _s3 b 9 po9ts ( detail ! arti/ is z frequ5tly incorrect4 ,"s ( 8 v be/ designs are to be f\nd among 8 eque/rian subjects4 ,8 m5 g5]ally h a good 8seat10 & 8 ladies seem to manage _! heavy long-tail$ /e$s ) great ease & grace4 ,sev]al ( ! views ( cities1 9 ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography-- fir/ publi%$ 9 folio1 at ,basle1 #aeej--;conta9 two m>ks1 "o ( ! design]1 & ! o!r ( ! p]son by :om ! subject 0 engrav$1 ! latt] be+ frequ5tly accompani$ by a grav]1 ?us3 ,h,h2 or ) two grav]s ( diff]5t k9ds1 ?us3 ,c,s ,?is la/ m>k1 :i* also occurs 9 ,jo/ ,amman's ,kun/b*le91 is said to be t ( ,*ri/oph] ,/imm]1 a bro!r ( ,tobias ,/imm]1 a ,swiss arti/1 :o is g5]ally describ$ z a design] & engrav] on wood4 ,! cuts ) ! =m] m>k h be5 ascrib$ to ,hans ,holbe91 b !y be> n ! lea/ resemblance to 8 /yle ( design1 & !y h be5 assign$ to him solely on acc\nt ( ! lett]s correspond+ ) ! initials ( 8 "n4 ,pr(essor ,*ri/'s ,diction>y ( ,monograms1 & ,papillon's ,treatise on ,wood-engrav+1 af=d num]\s in/ances ( m>ks be+ assign$ to p]sons on no bett] gr\nds4 ,a writ]1 9 discuss+ ! "q1 8,7 ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,lucas ,crana*1 ,hans ,burgmair1 & o!r old ,g]man arti/s1 ! engrav]s or only ! design]s ( ! cuts :i* be> _! m>k80 has be5 pleas$ to ass]t t ! m>k ( ! actual engrav] is usually di/+ui%$ by ! grav] ) :i* x is accompani$4 ,?is /atem5t has be5 adopt$ & fur!r dissem9at$ by o!rs2 & _m p]sons :o h n an opportunity ( judg+ = !mselves1 & :o receive ) implicit cr$it :atev] !y f9d ass]t$ 9 a ,diction>y ( ,engrav]s1 suppose t f ! "t ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 or ev5 e>li]1 ! figure ( a grav] g5]ally di/+ui%es ! m>k ( ! =ms*neid] or engrav] on wood4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 f ?is be+ a g5]al rule1 ,i am n aw>e ( any wood-cut :i* conta9s a grav] 9 addition to a m>k ( an e>li] date ?an ^? 9 ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 & ! practice :i* appe>s to h be5 fir/ introduc$ ab\t t "t nev] became g5]ally preval5t4 ,:5 ! grav] is ?us introduc$ !re c be no d\bt t x is int5d$ to di/+ui% ! m>k ( ! engrav]2 b z at lea/ n9ety-n9e out ( e hundr$ m>ks on cuts execut$ betwe5 #aeej & #afjj are unaccompani$ ) a grav]1 x is exce$+ly d\btful 9 mo/ cases :e!r ! m>k be t ( ! engrav] or ! design]4 ,! wood-cuts 9 ,mun/]'s ,cosmography are g5]ally poor 9 design & co>se 9 execution4 ,"o ( ! be/ is t repres5t+ an enc\nt] ( two arm$ m5 on horseback ) ! m>k ,symbol1 :i* also occurs 9 "s ( ! cuts 9 ,gesn]'s ,hi/ory ( ,animals1 pr9t$ at ,zuri*1 #aeea-aeeh4 ,?is cut1 z well z sev]al o!rs1 is repeat$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! book1 9 ! mann] ( ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 :]e ! same portrait or ! same view is us$ to repres5t sev]al diff]5t p]sons or places4 ,! cuts are n precisely ! same 9 e edition ( ,mun/]'s "w1 :i* 0 sev]al times repr9t$ betwe5 #aeej & #aegj4 ,^? :i* are sub/itut$ 9 ! lat] editions are r m neatly engrav$4 ,! pres5t cut is copi$ f "o at page #di ( ! fir/ edition1 :]e x is giv5 z an illu/ration ( a wond]ful k9d ( tree said to be f\nd 9 ,scotl&1 & f ! fruit ( :i* x 0 believ$ t geese 7 produc$4 ,mun/]'s acc\nt ( ?is wond]ful tree & its fruit is z foll[s2 8,9 ,scotl& are f\nd trees1 ! fruit ( :i* appe>s l a ball ( leaves4 ,?is fruit1 fall+ at its prop] "t into ! wat] bel[1 becomes animat$1 & turns to a bird :i* !y call ! tree goose4 ,?is tree also gr[s 9 ! isl& ( ,pomona ! l>ge/ ( ! ,orkneys1 n f> di/ant f ,scotl& t[>ds ! nor?4 ,z old cosmograph]s--especially ,saxo ,grammaticus--m5tion ?is tree1 x is n to be consid]$ z a fiction ( mod]n au?ors4 ,a5eas ,sylvius also notices ?is tree z foll[s3 #8,we h he>d t !re 0 a tree =m]ly 9 ,scotl&1 :i*1 gr[+ by ! m>g9 ( a /ream1 produc$ fruit ( ! %ape ( ducks2 t su* fruit1 :5 ne>ly ripe1 fell1 "s into ! wat] & "s on l&4 ,su* z fell on l& decay$1 b su* z fell into ! wat] quickly became animat$1 swimm+ bel[1 & !n fly+ into ! air ) fea!rs & w+s4 ,:5 9 ,scotl&1 hav+ made dilig5t inquiry conc]n+ ?is matt] ( ,k+ ,james1 a squ>e-built man1 & v fat1,,vi-#ia we f\nd t miracles always kept rec$+2--?is wond]ful tree is n f\nd 9 ,scotl&1 b 9 ! ,orcades4'0 ,footnote ,,vi-#ia3 ,x is unc]ta9 if ,james ,i4 or ,james ,,ii4 be meant4 ,accord+ to ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,a5eas ,sylvius1 aft]w>ds ,pope ,pius ,,ii1 visit$ ,scotl& 9 #addh1 :5 ,james ,,ii4--if ,*alm]s be correct1 ,cal$onia1 vol4 i4 p4 #hca1--0 sc>cely n9ete51 & :5 8 appe>ance 0 n likely to correspond ) ! le>n$ prelate's description1--8hom9em quadratum et multa p+u$9e gravem40 ,illu/ration ,! bird said to be ! produce ( ?is tree is ! 8,b]nacle ,goose1 ,clakis1 or ,tree ,goose0 ( ,bewick2 & ! pret5d$ tree f :i* x 0 suppos$ to be produc$ 0 und\bt$ly a te/ace\s insect1 a species ( :i*1 frequ5tly f\nd adh]+ to %ips' bottoms1 is describ$ "u ! "n ( 8,lepas ,anatif]a0 by ,l9nu1 :o ?us commemorates 9 ! trivial "n ! old op9ion respect+ its w+$ & fea!r$ fruit4 ,william ,turn]1 a native ( ,morpe? 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 "o ( ! e>lie/ writ]s on ,briti% ,orni?ology1 notices ! /ory ( ! ,b]nacle ,goose be+ produc$ f 8some?+ l a fungus proce$+ f old wood ly+ 9 ! sea40 ,he says x is m5tion$ by ,giraldus ,cambr5sis 9 8 description ( ,irel&1 & t ! acc\nt ( its be+ g5]at$ 9 ?is wond]ful mann] is g5]ally believ$ by ! p inhabit+ ! sea-coa/s ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&4 8,b10 says ,turn]1 8z x seem$ n safe to tru/ to popul> report1 & z1 on acc\nt ( ! s+ul>ity ( ! ?+1 ,i c\ld n give entire cr$it to ,giraldus1 ,i1 :5 ?9k+ ( ! subject ( :i* ,i n[ write1 ask$ a c]ta9 cl]gyman1 nam$ ,octavianus1 by bir? an ,iri%man1 :om ,i knew to be wor?y ( cr$it1 if he ?\ght ! acc\nt ( ,giraldus 0 to be believ$4 ,he1 swe>+ by ! ,gospel1 decl>$ t :at ,giraldus _h writt5 ab\t ! g5]ation ( ?is bird 0 mo/ true2 t he himself _h se5 & h&l$ ! "y un=m$ birds1 & t if ,i %\ld rema9 9 ,london a mon? or two1 he w\ld br+ me "s ( ! brood40,,vi-#ib ,9 ,lobel & ,p5a's ,/irpium ,adv]s>ia ,nova1 folio1 ,london1 #aegj1 !re is a cut ( ! 8,britannica ,con*a ,anatif]a10 gr[+ on a /alk f a rock1 ) figures ( ducks or geese 9 ! wat] bel[4 ,9 ! text ! popul> belief ( a k9d ( goose be+ produc$ f ! %ell ( ?is insect is notic$1 b ! writ] decl9es pron\nc+ any op9ion till he %all h _h an opportunity ( visit+ ,scotl& & judg+ = himself4 ,g]>d1 9 8 ,h]bal1 ,london1 #aeig1 has an article on ! ,goose-tree2 & he says t its native soil is a small isl&1 call$ ! ,pile ( ,f\ldres1 half a mile f ! ma9 l& ( ,lanca%ire4 ,f]r] de ,valcebro1 a ,spani% writ]1 9 a "w entitl$ 8,el ,gobi]no g5]al hallado en las ,aves10 ) co>se wood-cuts1 qu>to1 pr9t$ ab\t #afhj1 repeats1 ) sundry additions1 ! /ory ( ! ,b]nacle1 or1 z he calls x1 ! ,b>liata1 be+ produc$ f a tree2 & he seems r displeas$ t 8 c\ntrym5 are n dispos$ to yield mu* fai? to su* s+ul>ities1 m]ely because !y d n occur 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ib3 8,avium prcipu>um1 qu>um apud ,pl9ium et ,ari/otelem m5tio e/1 brevis et succ9cta hi/oria4 ,p] ,dn4 ,gulielmum ,turn]um1 artium et m$ic9 doctorem10 #hvo4 ,coloni1 ,m4,d4,,xliiii1 fol4 #i b4 ,illu/ration ,!re are two portraits ( ,erasmus 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 "o at page #acj1 & ! o!r1 ) ! m>k ,,hrmd1 at page #djg4 ,! latt]1 z ! au?or especially in=ms ! read]1 0 engrav$ aft] a portrait by ,holbe9 9 ! possession ( ,bonifacius ,am]ba*4 ,! pres5t is a r$uc$ copy ( a cut at page #cfa ( ,h5ry ,petri's edition1 #aeed4 ,on a /one1 ne> ! bottom1 t[>ds ! left1 is se5 a m>k,,vi-#ic--probably t ( ! arti/ :o made ! draw+ on ! block--consi/+ ( ! same lett]s z ! d\ble m>k j notic$ z occurr+ 9 ! portrait ( ,erasmus1 ,h4,r4 ,m4,d4 ,a cut ( ! same subject1 ,william ,tell ab\t to %oot at ! apple on 8 son's head1 0 giv5 9 ! fir/ edition1 b ! design is some:at diff]5t & ! execution m co>se4 ,! cut f :i* ! prec$+ is copi$ may be rank$ among ! be/ 9 ! "w4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ic3 ,9 ,pr(essor ,*ri/'s ,diction>y ( ,monograms ?is m>k is ascrib$1 ?\gh d\btfully1 to 8,manuel ,deuts*40 ,x is c]ta9ly n ! m>k ( ,ni*olas ,emanuel ,deuts* ( ,b]n1 = he di$ sev]al ye>s be=e #aedh1 ! date on sev]al ( ! cuts ) ! m>k ,h4,r4 ,m4,d4 9 ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 & :i* date evid5tly relates to ! ye> 9 :i* ! arti/ made ! draw+4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ^? f\r lett]s belong to a s+le "n1 = "s ( ! cuts 9 :i* !y occur also conta9 ! m>k ( an engrav]4 ,?\gh ,seba/ian ,mun/]1 9 a lett]1 probably writt5 9 #aech1 address$ to ,joa*im ,vadianus1 alludes to an improvem5t :i* he & 8 pr9t] _h made 9 ! mode ( pr9t+ maps1 & to a project = ca/+ complete words1 yet ! maps :i* appe> 9 8 ,cosmography1 ) ! outl9es1 riv]s1 & m\nta9s engrav$ on wood1 & ! names ins]t$ 9 type1 are c]ta9ly n sup]ior to ! g5]ality ( o!r maps execut$ :olly on wood ab\t ! same p]iod4,,vi-#id ,joa*im ,vadianus1 to :om ,mun/] writes1 & ( ^: assi/ance he wi%$ to avail himself 9 a project$ edition ( ,ptolemy1 0 an em95t s*ol> ( t p]iod1 & _h publi%$ an edition1 9 #aebb1 ( ,pomponius ,mela1 ) a comm5t>y & notes4 ,! passage 9 ,mun/]'s lett]1 :]e9 maps are m5tion$1 is to ! foll[+ effect3 8,i w\ld h s5t y an impression ( "o ( ! ,swiss maps :i* ,i h _h pr9t$ "h1 if ,fros*ov] _h n in=m$ me ( 8 hav+ s5t y "o f ,zuri*4 ,if ?is mode ( pr9t+ %\ld succe$ tol]ably well1 & :5 we %all h acquir$ a c]ta9 art ( ca/+ :ole words1 ,h5ri ,petri1 ,mi*ael ,is5gr91 & ,i h ?\ght ( pr9t+ ,ptolemy's ,cosmography2 n ( s great a size z x has hi!rto be5 frequ5tly pr9t$1 b 9 ! =m 9 :i* y\r ,annotations on ,pomponius appe>4 ,9 ! maps we %all ins]t only ! names ( ! pr9cipal cities1 & give ! o!rs alphabetically 9 "s blank space1--= in/ance1 9 ! m>g9 or any adjo9+ space beyond ! limits ( ! map40,,vi-#ie ,! art ( ca/+ :ole words1 allud$ to 9 ?is passage1 appe>s to h be5 some?+ l an attempt at :at has be5 call$ 8logographic pr9t+20,,vi-#if ?\gh x is n unlikely t ^? 8:ole words0 might be ! names ( c\ntries & places int5d$ to be ins]t$ 9 a space cut out ( ! block on :i* ! map 0 engrav$4 ,by ?us ins]t+ ! names1 ei!r ca/ z complete words1 or compos$ ( sep>ate lett]s1 ! t$i\s process ( engrav+ a numb] ( lett]s on wood 0 avoid$1 & ! pressman enabl$ to pr9t ! maps at "o impression4 ,9 "s ( ! e>li] maps :]e ! names are pr9t$ f types1 ! lett]s 7 n ins]t$ 9 spaces cut out ( ! block1 b 7 pr9t$ f a sep>ate =m by means ( a 8re-it]ation0 or second impression4,,vi-#ig ,9 illu/ration ( :at ,mun/] says ab\t a c]ta9 art ( ca/+ :ole words1--8artem aliquam fund5d>um integr>um dictionum10--! foll[+ extract is giv5 f ,dr4 ,dibd9's ,bibliographical ,t\r1 volume iii4 page #ajb1 second edition4 8,:at ?9k y ( und\bt$ pro(s ( ,,/]eotype ,,pr9t+ 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury8 ,x is ev5 s4 ,:at adds to ! :imsical puzzle is1 t ^! pieces ( metal1 ( :i* ! surface is compos$ ( types1 fix$ & immovable1 are sometimes ins]t$ 9 wood5 blocks1 & introduc$ z titles1 mottoes1 or descriptions ( ! subjects cut ^u ! blocks4 ,pr(essor ,may ( ,augsburg begg$ my acceptance ( a specim5 or two ( ! types ?us fix$ ^u plates ( ! same metal4 ,!y r>ely exce$$ ! height ( f\r or five l9es ( text1 by ab\t f\r or five in*es 9 l5g?4 ,i c>ri$ away1 ) 8 p]mission1 two pro(s 7n long ago pull$7 ( ! same block conta9+ ?is int]mixture ( /]eotype & wood-block pr9t+40 ,footnote ,,vi-#id3 ,a map ( ,russia1 engrav$ :olly on wood1 9 a "w entitl$ 8,comm5t>i della ,moscovia e p>im5te della ,russia10 c4 translat$ f ! ,lat9 ( ,sigmund1 ,b>on von ,h]b]/e91 pr9t$ at ,v5ice1 #dto4 #aeej1 is mu* sup]ior 9 po9t ( appe>ance to ! be/ 9 ! "w ( ,mun/]4 ,?is map1 :i* is ( folio size1 appe>s to h be5 con/ruct$ by 8,giacomo ,ga/aldo1 ,piamontese1 ,cosmographo 9 ,v5etia40 ,! "w also conta9s six wood-cuts1 :i* af=d "s curi\s specim5s ( ,russian & ,t>t> arms & co/ume4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ie3 ,philologic>um ,epi/ol>um ,c5turia una1 ex ,biblio!ca ,m4 ,h4 ,golda/i1 p4 #afe4 #hvo4 ,franc(urti1 #afaj4 ,footnote ,,vi-#if3 ,accord+ to ?is me?od1 c]ta9 words1 toge!r ) radices & t]m9ations ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 7 ca/ entire1 & n 9 sep>ate lett]s1 & plac$ 9 cases 9 su* an ord] t ! compositor c\ld z 8readily possess himself ( ! ,type ( a ^w z ( ! ,type ( a s+le lett]40 ,?is me?od1 = :i* a pat5t 0 obta9$1 is expla9$ 9 a pamphlet entitl$ 8,an ,introduction to ,logography3 or ! ,art ( ,arrang+ & ,compos+ = ,pr9t+ ) ,words entire1 _! ,radices & ,t]m9ations1 in/ead ( s+le ,lett]s4 ,by ,h5ry ,johnson3 ,london1 pr9t$ ,logographically1 & sold by ,j4 ,walt]1 booksell]1 ,*>+ ,cross1 & ,j4 ,sewell1 ,cornhill1 ,m4,,dcc4,,lxxxiii40 ,sev]al works 7 pr9t$ 9 ?is mann]1 & among o!rs an edition ( ,&]son's ,hi/ory ( ,comm]ce1 #d vols4 #dto4 #aghg-aghi1 by ,john ,walt]1 at ! ,logographic ,press1 ,pr9t+-,h\se-,squ>e1 ,blackfri>s4 ,logography has long be5 ab&on$4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is art is giv5 9 ,h4 ,g4 ,bohn's ,lecture on ,pr9t+1 pp4 #hh1 #hi4 8,some?+ ak9 to /]eotyp+ is ano!r mode ( pr9t+ call$ ,logography1 inv5t$ by ! late ,mr4 ,walt]1 ( ! ,times1 9 #aghc1 & = :i* he took out a pat5t4 ,?is means a sy/em ( pr9t+ f type ca/ 9 words in/ead ( s+le lett]s1 :i* x 0 ?\ght w\ld save "t & corrections :5 appli$ to newspap]s1 b x 0 n f\nd to answ]4 ,a joke ( ! "t 0 a suppos$ ord] to ! typef\nd] = "s words ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 :i* ran ?us3--#8,please s5d me a hundr$-weight1 sort$1 ( murd]1 fire1 dreadful robb]y1 atroci\s outrage1 fe>ful calamity1 al>m+ explosion1 melan*oly accid5t2 an assortm5t ( hon\rable memb]1 :ig1 tory1 hot1 cold1 wet1 dry2 half-a-hundr$ weight1 made up 9 p\nds1 ( butt]1 *eese1 beef1 mutton1 tripe1 mu/>d1 soap1 ra91 c42 & a few devils1 angels1 wom51 groans1 hisses1 c4' ,?is me?od ( pr9t+ did n succe$3 = if tw5ty-f\r lett]s w give six hundr$ sextillions ( comb9ations1 no pr9t+ (fice c\ld keep a suffici5t assortm5t ( ev5 popul> words40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ig3 ,see an edition ( ,ptolemy1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice by ,jacobus ,p5tius de ,leu*o1 9 #aeaa1 previ\sly notic$ at page #bjc4 ,z ! engrav+ ( ! lett]s 9 maps execut$ on wood--or inde$ on any o!r mat]ial--is1 :5 ! names ( _m places are giv51 by f> ! mo/ t$i\s & co/ly "p ( ! process1 ! plan ( ins]t+ !m 9 type by means ( holes pi]c$ 9 ! block1 z adopt$ 9 ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 0 c]ta9ly a great sav+ ( lab\r2 yet on comp>+ ! maps 9 ?is "w ) ^? 9 ,ptolemy's ,cosmography1 pr9t$ by ,leon>d ,holl1 at ,ulm1 #adhb1 & ) o!rs engrav$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 x is impossible n to p]ceive t ! art ( wood engrav+1 z appli$ to ! execution ( su* works1 _h und]gone no improvem5t3 ) ! exception ( ! lett]s1 ! maps 9 ,holl's ,ptolemy--! e>lie/ t 7 engrav$ on wood--are1 9 po9t ( appe>ance1 equal to ^? 9 ! "w ( ,mun/]1 publi%$ ab\t eighty ye>s lat]4 ,consid]+ t ! e>lie/ pr9t$ maps--^? 9 an edition ( ,ptolemy1 pr9t$ by ,arnold ,buk9ck1 at ,rome1 #adgh,,vi-#ih--;are f copp]-plates1 x seems r surpris+ t1 until ab\t #aegj1 no fur!r attempt %\ld h be5 made to apply ! art ( engrav+ on copp] to ?is purpose4 ,9 ! latt] ye> a collection ( maps1 engrav$ on copp]1,,vi-#ii 0 publi%$ at ,antw]p "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,abraham ,ortelius2 & s great 0 _! excell5ce :5 comp>$ ) =m] maps execut$ on wood1 t ! bus9ess ( map engrav+ 0 )9 a few ye>s transf]r$ almo/ exclusively to engrav]s on copp]4 ,9 #aegb a map engrav$ on copp] 0 pr9t$ 9 ,engl&1 9 ! second edition ( ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s ,bible4 ,x is ( folio size1 & ! c\ntry repres5t$ is ! ,holy ,l&4 ,)9 an ornam5t$ tablet is ! foll[+ inscription3 8,grav5 bi ,humfray ,cole1 goldsmi?1 an ,engli% man born 9 ye nor?1 & p]tayn+ to ye m9t 9 ! ,t[]4 #aegb40 ,9 ,walpole's ,catalogue ( ,engrav]s ! portraits engrav$ on copp] ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 & ,"l ,burleigh1 :i* appe> 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s ,bible1 #aefh1,,vi-#ajj are ascrib$ to ,humphrey ,cole1 app>5tly on no bett] gr\nd ?an t 8 "n appe>s z ! engrav] ( ! map1 :i* is giv5 9 ! second4 ,if ,cole 7 really ! engrav] ( ^? portraits1 he 0 c]ta9ly entitl$ to a m fav\rable notice,,vi-#aja ?an he receives f ! fa/idi\s compil] ( ! 8,catalogue ( ,engrav]s :o h be5 born or resid$ 9 ,engl&20 =1 consid]+ :5 & :]e !y 7 execut$1 ! engrav] is entitl$ to rank at lea/ z high z ,george ,v]tue4 ,9 fact1 ! portrait ( ,leice/]1 consid]$ m]ely z a specim5 ( engrav+1 )\t reg>d to ! "t & place ( its execution1 w be> a comp>ison ) m ?an "o ( ! portraits engrav$ by ,v]tue upw>ds ( a hundr$ & fifty ye>s lat]4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ih3 ,"s acc\nt ( ?is "w is giv5 at page #bjj4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ii3 ,at page #bjd x is /at$1 on ! au?ority ( ,breitkopf1 t ^? maps 7 engrav$ by gidius ,die/4 ,ortelius himself says 9 ! preface t !y 7 engrav$ by 8,francis ,hog5b]g1 ,f]d9& & ,ambrose ,ars5s1 & o!rs40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ajj3 ,! portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe? appe>s on ! title2 ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]'s is prefix$ to ! ,book ( ,jo%ua2 & ,"l ,burleigh's is giv51 ) a l>ge initial ,b1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ psalm4 ,9 ! second edition1 #aegb1 ! portrait ( ,"l ,burleigh is omitt$1 & ! impressions ( ! o!r two are mu* inf]ior to ^? 9 ! fir/ edition 9 consequ5ce ( ! plates be+ worn4 ,_m ( ! cuts 9 ! second edition are q diff]5t f ^? 9 ! fir/1 & g5]ally inf]ior to ! cuts = :i* !y are sub/itut$4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aja3 8,humphrey ,cole1 z he says himself1 0 born 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&1 & p]tayn$ to ! m9t 9 ! ,t[]1 #aegb4 ,i suppose he 0 "o ( ! engrav]s t p]tayn$ to ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]1 = ?is edition 0 call$ ,mat!w ,p>k]'s ,bible4 ,i hope ! flatt]y ( ! fav\rites 0 ! inc5se ( ! engrav]60 ,catalogue ( ,engrav]s1 p4 #af4 ,edit4 #agid4--,walpole does n appe> to h paid ! lea/ att5tion to ! engrav]'s m]its--suppos+1 z he does1 ! portraits to h be5 execut$ by him3--he sne]s at him because he _h engrav$ c]ta9 portraits = a ,bible1 & because he 0 suppos$ to h be5 patronis$ by a bi%op4 ,a m lib]al writ] on art w\ld h prais$ ,p>k]1 al?\gh he 7 an ar*bi%op1 = 8 patronage ( a native engrav]4 ,! advantages ( copp]-plate engrav+ = ! purpose ( execut+ maps1 z exemplifi$ 9 ! "w ( ,ortelius1 appe> to h be5 imm$iately appreciat$ 9 ,engl&1 & ?is c\ntry is "o ( ! fir/ t c boa/ ( a collection ( prov9cial or c\nty maps engrav$ on copp]4 ,a s]ies ( maps ( all ! c\nties ( ,engl& & ,wales1 & ( ! adjac5t isl&s1 7 engrav$1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,*ri/oph] ,saxton1 betwe5 #aegc & #aegi1 & publi%$ at ,london1 9 a folio volume1 9 ! latt] ye>4 ,?\gh ! great] numb] ( ^? maps 7 ! "w ( ,flemi% engrav]s1 eight1 at lea/1 7 engrav$ by two ,engli%m51 ,augu/9e ,ry!r & ,ni*olas ,reynolds4,,vi-#ajb ,!y appe> to h be5 all drawn by ,*ri/oph] ,saxton1 :o liv$ at ,t+ley1 ne> ,le$s4 ,walpole says1 t 8he 0 s]vant to ,?omas ,seke=d1 ,esq4 ,ma/] ( ! ,c\rt ( ,w>ds10 ! g5tleman at ^: exp5se !y 7 engrav$4 ,he also /ates t _m ( !m 7 engrav$ by ,saxton himself2 b ?is ,i consid] to be extremely d\btful4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( e>ly ,engli% copp]-plate engrav]s1 ,walpole is frequ5tly incorrect3 he m5tions ,humphrey ,lhuyd--an au?or :o wrote a %ort description ( ,brita91 pr9t$ at ,cologne 9 #aegb,,vi-#ajc--;z ! engrav] ( ! map ( ,engl& 9 ! collection ( ,ortelius2 & he includes ,dr4 ,william ,cun+ham1 a physician ( ,norwi*1 9 8 catalogue ( engrav]s1 )\t ! slighte/ reason beyond ! m]e fact1 t a book entitl$ 8,! ,cosmographical ,glasse10 writt5 by ! ,doctor1 & pr9t$ 9 #aeei1 conta9s sev]al wood-cuts4 ,he might1 ) equal ju/ice1 h plac$ ,ar*bi%op ,p>k] 9 8 catalogue1 & ass]t$ t "s ( ! plates 9 ! ,bible 7 8engrav$ by 8 own h&40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ajb3 8,augu/9us ,ry!r1 ,anglus10 occurs on ! maps ( ,cumb]l& & ,we/morl&1 ,gl\ce/]1 & ,york%ire4 ,ry!r aft]w>ds kept a booksell]'s %op 9 ,lead5hall-/reet4 ,he engrav$ "s maps & *>ts1 :i* 7 publi%$ ab\t #aehh4 ,on ! map ( ! c\nty ( ,h]t=d1 ,reynolds's "n occurs ?us3 8,ni*olas ,reynoldus1 ,lond95sis1 sculpsit40 ,sev]al ( ^? maps 7 engrav$ by ,remigius ,hog5b]g1 "o ( ! engrav]s :o are said to h be5 employ$ by ,ar*bi%op ,p>k] 9 8 palace at ,lambe?4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ajc3 ,?is little "w1 entitl$ 8,comm5t>ioli ,britannic ,descriptionis ,fragm5tum10 0 s5t by ! au?or to ,ortelius1 & ! prefatory address is dat$ ,d5bigh1 9 ,nor? ,wales1 #cj? ,augu/ #aefh4 ,a translation ( x1 "u ! title ( a 8,brevi>y ( ,brita910 0 pr9t$ at ,london 9 #aegc4--,lhuyd _h only furni%$ ,ortelius ) mat]ials = ! con/ruction ( ! map ( ,engl&4 ,9 connexion ) ! prec$+ acc\nt ( ! e>lie/ maps execut$ 9 ,engl& on copp]1 x p]haps may n be unnecess>y to briefly notice "h ! introduction ( copp]-plate engrav+ into ?is c\ntry4 ,accord+ to ,h]b]t1 9 8 edition ( ,ames's ,typographical ,antiquities1 ! frontispiece ( a small "w entitl$ 8,gal5us de ,temp]am5tis10 pr9t$ at ,cambridge1 #aeba1 is ! e>lie/ specim5 ( copp]-plate engrav+ t is to be f\nd 9 any book pr9t$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! art1 h[ev]1 suppos+ t ! plate 0 really engrav$ & pr9t$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 appe>s to h receiv$ no enc\ragem5t on its fir/ introduction1 = aft] ?is fir/ essay x seems to h la9 dormant = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s4 ,! next e>lie/ specim5s appe> 9 ! fir/ edition ( a "w usually call$ 8,raynalde's ,bir? ( ,mank9d10 pr9t$ at ,london 9 #aedj4,,vi-#ajd ,?is "w1 :i* is a treatise on ! ob/etric art1 conta9s1 :5 p]fect1 ?ree plates1 illu/rative ( ! subject4 ,n hav+ _h an opportunity ( see+ any "o ( ^! ?ree plates nor ! frontispiece to 8,gal5us de ,temp]am5tis10 ,i am oblig$ to tru/ to ,h]b]t = ! fact ( _! be+ engrav$ on copp]4 ,9 ! ?ird volume ( 8 edition ( ,ames1 page #adaa1 !re is a fac-simile ( ! frontispiece to ! ,cambridge book2 & 9 ! ,prelim9>y ,disquisition on ,e>ly ,engrav+ & ,ornam5tal ,pr9t+1 prefix$ to ,dr4 ,dibd9's edition ( ! ,typographical ,antiquities1 w be f\nd a fac-simile1 engrav$ on wood1 ( "o ( ! plates 9 ,raynalde's ,bir? ( ,mank9d4 ,9 an edition ( ! latt] "w1 pr9t$ 9 #aefe1 ! 8byr! figures0 are n engrav$ on copp]1 b on wood4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ajd3 ,! "n ( 8,?omas ,raynalde1 ,physition10 is n to be f\nd 9 ! edition ( #aedj4 ,! title ( ! "w is1 8,! byr? ( ,mankynd1 newly translat$ out ( ,lat9 into ,englys%e4 ,9 ! :i* is entreat$ ( all su*e ?ynges ! :i* *aunce to wom5 9 !yr labor10 c4 ,at folio vi4 !re is an address f ,ri*>d ,jonas1 8,unto ! mo/ graci\s1 & 9 all goodnesse mo/ excell5t v]tu\s ,lady ,qu5e ,ka!ryne1 wyfe & mo/ d]ely belovyd sp\se unto ! mo/e myghty sapi5t ,*ri/5 prynce1 ,kynge ,h5ry ! ,,viii40--,?is 8mo/ excell5t v]tu\s lady0 0 ,ca!r9e ,h[>d4 ,! impr9t at ! end ( ! "w is z foll[s3 8,imprynt$ at ,london1 by ,t4 ,r1 ,anno ,dom9i1 ,m4,,ccccc4,,xl40 ,raynalde's "n fir/ appe>s 9 ! second edition1 #aede4 ,betwe5 #aedj & #afjj !re 7 at lea/ eight editions ( ?is "w pr9t$ 9 ,london4 ,a "w pr9t$ 9 ,london by ,john ,h]e=d1 #aede1 conta9s sev]al unque/ionable specim5s ( copp]-plate engrav+4 ,x is ( folio size1 & ! title is z foll[s3 8,comp5diosa totius ,anatomi del9eatio re ex>ata1 p] ,?omam ,gem9um40 ,! ornam5tal title-page1 ) ! arms ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 t[>ds ! c5tre1 is engrav$ on copp]1 & sev]al anatomical subjects are execut$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,gem9i1 :o is believ$ to h be5 ! engrav] ( ^? plates1 0 n a native ( ?is c\ntry4,,vi-#aje ,9 a d$ication to ,h5ry ,,viii1 he says t 9 8 "w he _h foll[$ ,&rew ,vesalius ( ,brussels2 & he fur!r m5tions t 9 ! ye> be=e he _h receiv$ ord]s f ! ,k+ to h ! plates pr9t$ (f excud5das4 ,a second edition1 d$icat$ to ,edw>d ,,vi1 appe>$ 9 #aeec2 & a ?ird1 d$icat$ to ,que5 ,elizabe?1 9 #aeei4,,vi-#ajf ,9 ! la/ edition ! ,royal ,arms on ! title-page are effac$1 & ! portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe? engrav$ 9 _! /ead4 ,traces ( ! =m] subject are1 h[ev]1 /ill visible1 & ! motto1 8,dieu et mon ,droit10 has be5 all[$ to rema94 ,"o ( ! engrav+s 9 ?is "w af=ds a curi\s in/ance ( ! orig9al plate ( copp] hav+ be5 ei!r m5d$ or enl>g$ by jo9+ ano!r piece to x4 ,ev5 9 ! fir/ edition1 ! zigzag l9e :]e ! two pieces are jo9$1 & ! =ms ( ! little cramps :i* hold !m toge!r1 are visible1 & 9 ! la/ !y are di/9ctly app>5t4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aje3 ,at ! end ( ! d$ication to ,h5ry ,,viii4 he signs himself 8,?omas ,gem9us1 ,lysi5sis40 ,footnote ,,vi-#ajf3 ,9 ! edition ( #aeei !re is a l>ge wood-cut--8,int]iorum corporis humani p>tium viva del9eatio0--) ! m>k ,r4 ,s4 & a grav] und]nea?4 ,9 ?is cut ! int]ior p>ts ( ! body are impress$ on sep>ate slips1 :i* are pa/$1 by "o edge1 at ! side ( ! figure4 ,^? slips on be+ rais$ %[ ! diff]5t p>ts z !y occur on dissection4 ,! e>lie/ portrait engrav$ on copp]1 pr9t$ s+ly1 9 ?is c\ntry1 & n z an illu/ration ( a book1 is t ( ,ar*bi%op ,p>k] engrav$ by ,remigius ,hog5b]g4 ,x is a small pr9t f\r & a half in*es high by ?ree & a half wide4 ,at ! corn]s are ! arms ( ,cant]bury1 impal$ ) ^? ( ,p>k]2 ! ar*bi%op's arms sep>ately2 a pla9 %ield1 ) a cross & ! lett]s ,,ix2 & ! arms ( ,ar*bi%op ,cranm]4 ,! portrait is engrav$ 9 an oval1 r\nd ! bord] ( :i* is ! foll[+ inscription3 8,mdus transit1 et cupisctia ejus4 ,anno ,dom9i #aegb1 tatis su ,anno #fi4 ,die m5sis ,augu/i sexto40 ,9 an impression1 n[ be=e me1 f ! orig9al plate1 ! date & ! ar*bi%op's age are alt]$ to #aegc & #gj1 b ! m>ks ( ! ciph]s eras$ are q p]ceptible4 ,! portrait ( ! ar*bi%op is a half-l5g?2 he is seat$ at a table1 on :i* are a bell1 a small c(f]1 & :at appe>s to be a /amp4 ,a ,bible is ly+ op5 be=e him1 & on "o ( ! pages is inscrib$ 9 v small lett]s ! foll[+ passage f ! ,,vi4 *apt] ( ,micah1 v]se #h3 8,indicabo tibi1 o homo1 quid sit bonum1 et quid ,deus requirat a te1 utique fac]e judicium1 et dilig]e mis]icordiam1 et solicitum ambul>e cum ,deo tuo40 ,! engrav]'s "n1 8,r4 ,b]g f410 appe>s at ! bottom ( ! pr9t to ! "r3 a cross l9e f ! ,r to ! ,b indicates ! abbreviation ( ! surname1 :i*1 writt5 at l5g?1 0 ,hog5b]g4 ,caulfield1 speak+ ( ?is engrav+ 9 8 ,calcographiana1 page #d1 #ahad1 says1--8,! only impression suppos$ to be extant is 9 ! libr>y at ,lambe? ,palace2 b )9 ! la/ two ye>s1 ,mr4 ,woodburn1 ( ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 pur*as$ a magnific5t collection ( portraits1 among :i* 0 a v f9e "o ( ,p>k]40 ,! numb] ( books1 conta9+ copp]-plate engrav+s1 publi%$ 9 ,engl& betwe5 #aeei & #afjj1 is extremely limit$2 & ! foll[+ li/ w p]haps be f\nd to conta9 "o or two m ?an h be5 m5tion$ by prec$+ writ]s3 #a4 ,p5a & ,lobel's ,/irpium ,adv]s>ia ,nova1 folio1 #aegj1--ornam5t$ title-page1 ) ! arms ( ,engl& at ! top1 & a small map t[>ds ! bottom3--! ornam5ts surr\nd+ ! map are v beautifully engrav$4 #b4 ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s ,bible1 #aefh-aegb1 ) ! portraits1 previ\sly notic$ at page #dai4 #c4 ,saxton's ,maps1 ) ! portrait ( ,que5 ,elizabe? on ! title1 #aegi4 #d4 ,br\ghton's ,conc5t ( ,scripture1 #aeia1--;engrav$ title1 & f\r o!r plates4 #e4 ,translation ( ,ario/o by ,sir ,john ,h>r+ton1 #aeia1--;engrav$ title-page1 conta9+ portraits ( ! au?or & translator1 & =ty-six o!r plates4 #f4 ,r4 ,haydock's ,translation ( ,lomazzo's ,treatise on ,pa9t+ & ,ar*itecture1 ,ox=d1 #aeih1--;engrav$ title-page1 conta9+ portraits ( ,lomazzo & ,haydock1 & sev]al v indiff]5t plates1 *iefly ( ar*itecture & figures 9 outl9e4 ,walpole m5tions a plate ( ! arms ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,hatton on ! title-page ( ! second "p ( ,wag5>'s ,m>9]'s ,mirr\r1 pr9t$ 9 #aehh1 & ! plates 9 a "w entitl$ 8,a ,true ,report ( ! ,newf\ndl& ( ,virg9ia10 all engrav$ by ,!odore de ,bry4 ,! fir/ ( ^! works ,i h n be5 able to obta9 a sight (2,,vi-#ajg & ! second _c prop]ly be includ$ 9 a li/ ( works conta9+ copp]-plates publi%$ 9 ,engl& previ\s to #afjj2,,vi-#ajh = ?\gh x appe>$ 9 #aeia1 x 0 pr9t$ at ,frank=t4 ,9 ! reigns ( ,james & ,*>les ,i1 copp]-plate engrav+ 0 w>mly patronis$ 9 ,engl&1 & sev]al =eign engrav]s1 z 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 7 induc$ to take up _! abode 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! fir/ edition ( ,*amb]s' ,cyclop$ia1 x is /at$ t ! art ( copp]-plate engrav+ 0 br\ght to ?is c\ntry f ,antw]p by ,spe$ ! hi/orian1--an error :i* is po9t$ out by ,walpole3 ! writ] x seems _h n be5 aw>e ( any e>li] copp]-plates pr9t$ 9 ,engl& ?an ,spe$'s maps1 :i* 7 *iefly execut$ by ,flemi% engrav]s4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ajg3 ,9 ,h]b]t's edition ( ! ,typographical ,antiquities1 vol4 iii4 p4 #afha1 bo? p>ts ( ?is "w are said to h engrav$ titles1 & ! arms ( ,sir ,c4 ,hatton are said to occur at ! back ( ! title to ! fir/ "p4 ,! "w conta9s tw5ty-two maps & *>ts1 probably copi$ f ! orig9al ,dut* edition ( ,wag5>1 :o 0 a native ( ,en*uys54 ,!re is no pr9t]'s "n 9 ! ,engli% edition4 ,footnote ,,vi-#ajh3 ,walpole errone\sly /ates t 8,br\ghton's book 0 n pr9t$ till #afjj10 & he says t 8! cuts 7 probably engrav$ by an ,engli% arti/ nam$ ,william ,rog]s40 ,! m>k ,,wr is to be f\nd on "s ( ! plates ( ! edition ( #afjj1 b x is to be obs]v$ t !y are n ! same z ^? 9 ! edition ( #aeia4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! "w 0 pr9t$ 9 #aehh4 ,illu/ration3 _/ ,,tatis #bh ,dr4 ,william ,cun+ham1 :om ,walpole describes z an engrav]1 0 a physician practis+ at ,norwi*2 & 8 book1 entitl$ ,! ,cosmographical ,glasse1,,vi-#aji "s ( ! plates ( :i* are said to h be5 8engrav$ by ! doctor's own h&10 0 pr9t$ at ,london by ,john ,day 9 #aeei4 ,x conta9s no plates1 prop]ly speak+1 = ! engrav+s are all f wood-blocks4 ,at ! foot ( ! ornam5tal title-page1 & 9 a l>ge bird's-eye view ( ,norwi*1 is ! m>k ,i4 ,b4 ,f1 :i*1 f some?+ l a tool = engrav+1 betwe5 ! ,b4 & ,f 9 ! orig9al1 is mo/ likely t ( ! engrav]4 ,! pr9cipal cut is a portrait ( ! au?or1 a fac-simile ( :i* is giv5 9 ! opposite page4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aji3 ,! foll[+ is ! title ( ?is "w3 8,! ,cosmographical ,glasse1 conte9yng ! pleasant ,pr9ciples ( ,cosmographie1 ,geographie1 ,hydrographie or ,navigation4 ,compil$ by ,william ,cun+ham1 ,doctor 9 ,physicke4 ,excussum ,lond9i 9 (fic9a ,joan4 ,daii1 ,anno #aeei4 ,9 ?is ,glasse1 if y w beholde ,! />ry skie & ye>? s wide1 ,! seas also1 ) ! w9des s colde1 ,yea1 & ?y selfe all ^! to guide3 ,:at ?is ,type mean fir/ le>ne a "r1 ,s %all ! gayne ?y travaill quight40 ,! 8,type0 m5tion$ 9 ^! v]ses relates to ! v>i\s allegorical & o!r figures 9 ! engrav$ title-page4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,a ,x is mu* m likely t "s ( ^? cuts 7 engrav$ by ! pr9t] ( ! book1 ,john ,day1 ?an by ! au?or1 ,dr4 ,cun+ham2 = ! initials ,i4 ,d4 appe> on a cut at ! end ( ! book1--a skeleton ext5d$ on a tomb1 ) a tree gr[+ out ( x--& also on two or ?ree ( ! l>ge ornam5tal lett]s4 ,john ,day1 9 a book pr9t$ by him 9 #aefg1 says t ! ,saxon *>act]s us$ 9 x 7 cut by himself4 ,! cut on page #dbe & ! ?ree foll[+ are specim5s ( "s ( ! l>ge ornam5tal lett]s :i* occur 9 ! ,cosmographical ,glasse4 ,! fir/1 ! lett] ,d1 inclos+ ! arms ( ,"l ,rob]t ,dudley1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 to :om ! "w is d$icat$4 ,! second1 ! lett] ,a1 ,sil5us on an ass1 accompani$ by satyrs2 ! m>k1 a ,c ) a small ,i )9 ! curve1 is p]ceiv$ ne> ! bottom1 to ! "r4,,vi-#aaj ,! ?ird1 ! lett] ,i1 ) a milit>y comm&] tak+ ! angles betwe5 ?ree *ur*es2 & ! m>k ,i4 ,d4 at ! bottom to ! left4 ,! f\r?1 ! lett] ,t1 a %ip ) a nak$ figure z pilot1 prec$$ by ,neptune on a dolph94 ,a m>k1 ,h1 is p]ceiv$ 9 ! "r-h& corn]1 at ! bottom4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aaj3 ,?is m>k1 :i* occurs 9 two o!r cuts ( l>ge lett]s 9 ! ,cosmographical ,glasse1 is also to be f\nd on a l>ge ornam5t$ lett] 9 ,rob]t ,record's ,ca/le ( ,k1 folio1 pr9t$ at ,london1 by ,reg9ald ,wolfe1 #aeef4 ,?is "w1 l t ( ,cun+ham1 is a treatise on ,geography4 ,a m>k1 ,i4 ,c41 ) a grav] betwe5 ! lett]s1 occurs frequ5tly 9 cuts :i* ornam5t ! m>g9s ( a "w entitl$ 8,a ,book ( ,*ri/ian ,pray]s10 c4 #dto4 fir/ pr9t$ by ,john ,day 9 #aefi4 ,x is usually call$ 8,que5 ,elizabe?'s ,pray] ,book40 ,9 ,h]b]t's edition ( ! ,typographical ,antiquities x is errone\sly /at$ t su* ( ! cuts z relate to ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ are 8aft] ,alb]t ,dur] & 8 wife1 ,agnes ,frey40 ,!y are n copi$ f any cuts design$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 & 8 wife mo/ c]ta9ly nei!r drew nor engrav$ on wood4 ,x is also incorrectly /at$ 8t a ,dance ( ,dea?1 9 ! same "w1 is aft] ,hans ,holbe940--,! cuts 9 ?is "w are v unequal 9 po9t ( execution4 ,! be/ are ^? ( ! ,s5ses--)\t any m>k--,sight1 ,he>+1 ,ta/e1 ,smell+1 & ,t\*4 ,a m>k n unlike t 9 ! lett] ,a1 f ,cun+ham's ,cosmographical ,glass1 occurs on sev]al ( ! small] cuts4 ,illu/ration3 ,i ,illu/ration3 ,t ,( all ! books pr9t$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! reigns ( ,que5 ,m>y & ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ^? f ! press ( ,john ,day g5]ally conta9 ! be/ execut$ wood-cuts2 & ev5 ?\gh he might n be ! engrav] ( ! cuts :i* conta9 8 initials1 yet x _c be d\bt$ t he possess$ a mu* bett] ta/e 9 su* matt]s ?an any o!r ,engli% pr9t] ( 8 age4 ,"s ( ! l>ge ornam5tal lett]s 9 works pr9t$ by him are mu* sup]ior to any?+ ( ! k9d t _h previ\sly appe>$ 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! 8,booke ( ,*ri/ian ,pray]s0 pr9t$ by ,john ,daye #aefi1 :i* goes by ! "n ( 8,que5 ,elizabe?'s ,pray] ,book10 !re is a portrait ( h] ,maje/y1 kneel+ ^u a sup]b cu%ion1 ) elevat$ h&s1 9 pray]1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a fac-simile4 ,! book is decorat$ ) wood-cut bord]s ( consid]able _s & beauty1 repres5t+1 among o!r ?+s1 "s ( ! subjects ( ,holbe9's ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,illu/ration ,our next cut is a copy1 slightly r$uc$1 ( a l>ge lett]1 ,c1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! d$ication ( ,fox's ,acts & ,monum5ts to ,que5 ,elizabe?1 9 ! edition pr9t$ by ,day 9 #aegf4 ,! ,que51 appe>+ m juv5ile ?an %e is usually repres5t$1 is se5 seat$ on a ?rone1 att5d$ by ?ree p]sons1 suppos$ to be int5d$ = "o ( h] c\ncil1 ,john ,day1 ! pr9t]1 & ,john ,fox1 ! au?or ( ! "w4 ,a *]ub1 ) an imm5se cornucopia ov] 8 %\ld]1 holds a rose & a lily 9 "o h&1 & ) ! o!r supports ! arms ( ,engl&2 :ile und]nea? a repres5tation ( ! ,pope is introduc$1 hold+ 9 8 h&s ! brok5 keys4,,vi-#aaa ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#aaa3 ,?is "w conta9s a consid]able numb] ( wood-cuts1 all und\bt$ly design$ & engrav$ 9 ,engl&4 ,two ( ! be/ are ,h5ry ,,viii1 att5d$ by 8 c\ncil1 giv+ 8 sanction to ! publication ( ! ,bible 9 ,engli%1 ) ! m>k ,i4 ,f42 & a view ( ,w9dsor ,ca/le1 ) ! m>k ,m4 ,d4 ,bo? ^! cuts are 9 ! second volume ( ! edition ( #aegf4 ,?\gh x be beyond ! plan ( ! pres5t "w to trace ! progress ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( l>ge ornam5tal lett]s engrav$ on wood t h be5 f "t to "t introduc$ by ! pr9cipal ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,engli% pr9t]s f ! inv5tion ( typography1 x may n be unnecess>y to say a few words on ?is subject4 ,9 ! e>lie/ works ( ! ,g]man pr9t]s1 z ! type 0 a close imitation ( ! h&writ+ ( ! p]iod1 z us$ 9 ,bibles & ,missals1 ! l>ge ornam5tal lett]s occasionally introduc$ are di/+ui%$ by _! fl\ri%es & grotesque "w ext5d+ on ! m>g9 bo? above & bel[ ! body ( ! lett]1 z is frequ5tly se5 9 illum9$ manuscripts ( ! p]iod4 ,l>ge initial lett]s ( ?is k9d are n unfrequ5t 9 e>ly ,fr5* works2 b are comp>atively sc>ce 9 books pr9t$ 9 ,engl&1 :]e a lett]1 engrav$ on a squ>e block1 appe>+1 ) ! ornam5ts1 :ite on a black gr\nd1 0 adopt$ %ortly aft] ! introduction ( pr9t+ by ,caxton4,,vi-#aab ,z ! capitals ( ! ,roman "* us$ 9 ,italy did n admit ( ! fl\ri%es :i* accord$ s well ) ! curves ( ,go?ic or ,g]man capitals1 ! pr9t]s ( t c\ntry1 t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 began to introduce fl[]s1 figures ( m51 birds1 & quadrup$s1 z back-gr\nds to _! l>ge initial lett]s4 ,betwe5 #aebj & #aecj ?is mode ( ornam5t+ _! l>ge ,roman lett]s 0 9 great repute ) ! pr9t]s ( ,basle1 ,g5eva1 & ,zuri*1 & to ?is ta/e we owe ! small alphabet ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,subsequ5tly ! ,italian wood engrav]s1 employ$ by ! pr9t]s1 c>ri$ ?is /yle ( ornam5t a /ep fur!r by introduc+ l&scapes z well z figures to =m a back-gr\nd to ! lett]4 ,! foll[+ specim5 ( lett] ?us ornam5t$ is f a "w pr9t$ by ,giolito at ,v5ice ab\t #aeej4 ,! l>ge capitals1 9 ,cun+ham's ,cosmographical ,glasse1 7 d\btless sugge/$ by ,italian lett]s 9 ! same ta/e4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#aab3 ,dr4 ,dibd91 9 8 ,prelim9>y ,disquisition on ,e>ly ,engrav+ & ,ornam5tal ,pr9t+1 9 8 edition ( ,ames & ,h]b]t's ,typographical ,antiquities1 has giv5 sev]al curi\s specim5s ( l>ge ornam5t$ capitals4 ,! bord]s :i* appe> 9 ! title-pages ( ,italian books ( ?is p]iod1 & m especially 9 ^? pr9t$ at ,v5ice1 frequ5tly display consid]able excell5ce bo? 9 design & execution4 ,!y are g5]ally mu* light] & m v>i$ 9 design ?an ! bord]s 9 ,g]man books2 & cross-hat*+1 :i* is seldom se5 9 ,italian wood-cuts execut$ previ\s to #aebj1 is s frequ5tly introduc$ t x w\ld seem t ?is mode ( produc+ a c]ta9 effect--:i* might (t5 h be5 accompli%$ by simpl] means--0 !n consid]$ z a pro( ( ! engrav]'s tal5t4 ,"s ( ! ,italian pr9t]s' m>ks & devices1 on ! title-page1 or at ! end ( a "w1 are drawn & engrav$ ) great _s4 ,! foll[+ devices occur 9 a folio edition ( ,dante--kn[n to bibliograph]s z ! cat edition-- publi%$ by ! bro!rs ,sessa1 at ,v5ice1 9 #aegh4 ,! small] cut--) ornam5tal "w on ea* side1 occupy+ ne>ly ! wid? ( a page1 b omitt$ 9 ! copy--is sev]al times repeat$2 ! l>g]--:]e ,grimalk9 8sits l an ea/]n mon>* ^u 8 ?rone0,,vi-#aac--;=ms ! tail-piece at ! end ( ! volume4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#aac3 ,bibliographical ,decam]on1 vol4 i4 p4 #bhi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dissimilivm ,,9 _/ ,,fida ,,sotietas ,9 ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 an ,italian arti/ nam$ ,&rea ,&reani execut$ a consid]able numb] ( *i>o-scuros on wood4 ,he 0 born at ,mantua 9 #aedj1 & "o ( 8 e>lie/ & l>ge/ works 9 ?is /yle is dat$ #aehf4 ,! subject is ! ,hi/ory ( ,abraham1 f ! pavem5t ( ! ca!dral ( ,si5a2,,vi-#aad ! fir/ comp>tm5t consi/s ( twelve pieces1 pr9t$ 9 ?ree col\rs1 =m+1 :5 jo9$ toge!r1 a l>ge composition ab\t five feet six in*es wide by ab\t two feet six in*es high4 ,! second comp>tm5t1 ,moses break+ ! ,tables ( ! ,law1 is n prop]ly a *i>o-scuro1 b a l>ge wood-cut1 consi/+ ( sev]al pieces1 pr9t$ 9 ink 9 ! usual mann]4 ,x is ab\t six feet wide by ab\t f\r feet high4 ,ano!r l>ge "w ( ,&reani's is ! ,triumphs ( ,julius ,cs>1 f ! designs ( ,&rea ,mantegna1 d$icat$ to ,v9c5tius ,gonzaga1 ,duke ( ,mantua1 & publi%$ 9 a folio volume 9 #aeih4 ,&reani hav+ obta9$ ! blocks ( sev]al ( ! *i>o-scuros execut$ by ,ugo da ,c>pi1 ,antonio da ,tr5te1 ,ni*olas da ,v9c5za1 & o!rs1 repr9t$ !m ) ! addition ( 8 own m>k2 & f ?is circum/ance he frequ5tly obta9s ! cr$it ( hav+ engrav$ _m pieces :i* 7 really execut$ by 8 pr$ecessors & sup]iors 9 ! art4 ,! *i>o-scuros :i* he repr9t$ are g5]ally sup]ior to ^? pieces :i* 7 engrav$ by himself f orig9al designs1 & 9 ! execution ( :i* he _h to dep5d on 8 own judgm5t & ta/e4 ,he cont9u$ to engrave 9 ?is mann] till he 0 upw>ds ( sev5ty ye>s old1 = !re are "o or two subjects by him dat$ #afab4 ,b>ts* says t he di$ 9 #afbc1 b obs]ves t "s writ]s place 8 dea? 9 #afbf4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aad3 8,! pavem5t ( ?is ca!dral is ! "w ( a succession ( arti/s f ,duccio d[n to ,mecc>9o1 :o h produc$ ! effect ( ! ri*e/ mosaic1 m]ely by ins]t+ grey m>ble into :ite1 & hat*+ bo? ) black ma/ic4 ,! gr&e/ composition is ! ,hi/ory ( ,abraham1 a figure :i* is un=tunately multipli$ 9 ! same comp>tm5ts2 b1 :5 grasp+ ! knife1 ! patri>* is truly sublime4 ,^! works lay expos$ at lea/ = a hundr$ ye>s to ! g5]al tread1 & h be5 r improv$ ?an defac$ by ! attrition2 = "o female figure :i* _h nev] be5 trodd5 looks h>%] ?an ! re/4 ,^? ( ! *oir 7 opportunely cov]$ two c5turies ago40--,=sy?'s ,italy1 p4 #ajb1 #bnd ,edit4 ,h5ry ,goltzius1 a pa9t] & engrav]1 born 9 #aeeh1 ne> ,v5loo1 9 ,fl&]s1 execut$ sev]al *i>o-scuros1 *iefly f 8 own designs4 ,! mo/ ( !m are f ?ree blocks2 & among ! be/ execut$ are ,h]cules & ,cacus1 & f\r sep>ate pieces repres5t+ ! f\r elem5ts4 ,l mo/ ( ! o!r productions ( ?is arti/1 :e!r pa9t+s or copp]-plate engrav+s1 8 *i>o-scuros are design$ ) great _s1 ?\gh ! action ( ! figures is frequ5tly extravagant4 ,he imitat$ ,mi*ael ,angelo1 b n ) success2 he too frequ5tly mi/akes viol5ce ( action = ! expression ( intellectual gr&eur1 & displays ! 8contortions ( ! py?oness )\t h] inspiration40 ,! cut 9 ! opposite page is a r$uc$ copy ( ! subject int5d$ to repres5t ! elem5t ( wat]4 ,9 ! orig9al ! impression is f f\r blocks2 "o ) ! outl9es & %ad$ p>ts black1 z 9 ! copy "h giv52 ! o!r ?ree communicat+ diff]5t t9ts ( sepia4 ,h5ry ,goltzius di$ 9 #afag4 ,8 m>k1 an ,h comb9$ ) a ,g1 is se5 at ! bottom ( ! cut4 ,illu/ration ,! cuts conta9$ 9 a "w on anci5t & mod]n co/ume1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice 9 #aeij1,,vi-#aae are frequ5tly describ$ z hav+ be5 drawn by ,titian & engrav$ by 8 bro!r1 ,ces>e ,vecellio4 ,t ?is p]son might h be5 a relation ( ,titian1 ^: family "n 0 ,vecelli1 is n unlikely1 b x is highly improbable t he 0 8 bro!r2 = ,titian di$ 9 #aegf1 ag$ n9ety-n9e1 & ! d$ication ( ! "w to ,pietro ,montalbano by ,ces>e ,vecellio is dat$ ,octob]1 #aehi4 ,9 ! title x is /at$ t ! co/umes 9 "q 7 8done0-- fatti-- by ,vecellio himself2 b :e!r ?is ^w relates to ! draw+ or ! engrav+1 or to bo?1 x w\ld be exce$+ly difficult to asc]ta94 ,^? cuts h ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 drawn on ! block ) p5-&-ink2 & "s ( ! be/ display s mu* 8"*0 t !y look l portraits ( individuals freely sket*$ by ! h& ( a ma/]4 ,x 0 fir/ /at$ 9 an edition ( ! "w1 pr9t$ 9 #affd1 t ! cuts 7 drawn by ,titian & engrav$ by ,ces>e ,vecellio1 8 bro!r4 ,! improbable ass]tion 0 m]ely a booksell]'s trick to attract pur*as]s4 ,x has also be5 frequ5tly ass]t$1 t ! cuts 9 ,vesalius's ,anatomy1 pr9t$ at ,basle 9 #aedh1 7 drawn by ,titian4 ,! ,abb ,morelli has1 h[ev]1 %[n t !y 7 n drawn by him1 b by ,john ,calc>1 a ,flemi% pa9t]1 :o _h be5 "o ( 8 pupils4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aae3 ,! foll[+ is ! title ( ?is "w1 :i* is a l>ge octavo3 8,de gli ,habiti ,anti*i et ,mod]ni di div]se ,p>ti del ,mondo ,libri due1 fatti da ,caes>e ,vecellio1 con ,discorsi da lui di*iriati4 ,9 ,v5etia1 ,,md4,,xc40 ,?is "w is ?us m5tion$ 9 ! notes to ,rog]s's ,italy3 8,among ! ,habiti ,anti*i1 9 t admirable book ( wood-cuts ascrib$ to ,titian1 7,a4 ,d4 #aeij17 !re is "o entitl$ ,sposa ,v5etiana ,ca/ello4 ,x 0 tak5 f an old pa9t+ 9 ! ,scuola di ,s4 ,giovanni ,evangeli/a1 & by ! writ] is believ$ to repres5t "o ( ! brides "h describ$40--,italy1 p4 #beg1 note4 ,edit4 #ahcj4 ,papillon1 :o 9 8 desire to dignify 8 art claims almo/ e em95t pa9t] z a wood engrav]1 pret5ds t ,titian execut$ sev]al l>ge cuts f 8 own designs4 ,he says t ,titian began to engrave on wood :5 he 0 tw5ty-five ye>s old 9 #aejb1 & he m5tions a cut ( ! ,virg9 & ! infant ,*ri/1 ) o!r figures1--probably int5d$ to repres5t ! m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1--z "o ( ! e>lie/ specim5s ( 8 tal5ts z a wood engrav]4 ,papillon also in=ms u t ,titian engrav$ a l>ge cut ( ! ,triumph ( ,*ri/1 or ( ,fai?1 9 #aejh2 & 9 ano!r "p ( 8 "w he describes sev]al o!rs z engrav$ by ,titian himself4 ,sev]al ( ! cuts aft] designs by ,titian1 b :i* 7 c]ta9ly n ( 8 engrav+1 are ( l>ge size1 & execut$ 9 a free1 co>se mann]1 z if !y 7 r int5d$ to pa/e aga9/ a wall ?an to be ins]t$ 9 a portfolio4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ is ! de/ruction ( ,ph>aoh & 8 ho/2 x consi/s ( sev]al pieces1 :i*1 :5 unit$1 =m a complete subject ab\t f\r & a half feet wide by ab\t ?ree feet high4 ,a dog1 :i* ! pa9t] has introduc$ 9 a peculi> attitude1,,vi-#aaf gives to ! :ole ! air ( burlesque4 ,! p]son by :om x 0 engrav$ /yles himself 8dep9tore10 a ^w p]haps int5d$ to imply t he 0 a bro!r ( ! guild1 or society ( pa9t]-/a9]s1 /5cill]s1 & wood engrav]s4,,vi-#aag ,8 "n1 ) ! date1 is engrav$ ?us at ! bottom ( ! cut1 :i* is "o ( ^? :i* ,papillon says 7 execut$ by ,titian himself3 8,9 ,v5etia p4 dom9ico dalle gre*e dep9tore v5etiano4 ,m4,,dxlix40 ,footnote ,,vi-#aaf3 ,a dog p]=m+ ! same act occurs z a tail-piece 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,bewick's ,quadrup$s1 #agij1 page #caj4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aag3 ,i h se5 a l>ge head1 :i* at fir/ sight might be mi/ak5 = an impression f a wood-block1 execut$ by means ( a /5cil aft] a design ( ,correggio4 ,x 0 unque/ionably old1 & 0 ab\t ?ree feet high by two & a half wide4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( a cut design$ by ,titian1 & said to h be5 int5d$ by him to ridicule ^? pa9t]s :o1 n be+ able to succe$ 9 col\r+1 recomm5d$ anci5t sculptures1 on acc\nt ( ! correctness ( ! =ms1 z mo/ des]v+ ( a pa9t]'s dilig5t /udy4 ,! subject is a c>icature ( ! ,laocoon2 & ! pr(ess$ admir]s ( antiquity1 :o1 above all1 insi/$ on correct draw+1 & ?\ght slightly ( col\r+1 are repres5t$ by ! old ape want+ a tail1 se5 9 ! di/ance1 att5d$ by ?ree ( h] "y ones4 ,! orig9al cut is fifte5 in*es & sev5-eigh?s wide by t5 in*es & a half high4 ,x is co>sely engrav$1 & conta9s nei!r "n nor date4,,vi-#aah ,!re are sev]al *i>o-scuros aft] designs by ,titian1 engrav$ by ,boldr9i1 ,&reani1 & o!rs4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#aah3 ,! foll[+ is ,papillon's description ( ?is cut3 8,une ,e/ampe que je poss$e1 et que l'on reg>de assez indiffrem5t1 e/ le ,laocoon grav en bois p> le ,titi51 reprs5t s\s la figure d'un s+e et ses deux petits ent\rs de s]p5s4 ,il fit ce morceau p\r raill] les ,pe9tres de son temps qui tudoi5t cette figure et les ,/atues antiques2 et il prt5dit dmontr] p> cette ,e/ampe qu'ils ressembloi5t aux s+es1 lesquels ne font qu'imit] ce qu'ils voy5t1 sans ri5 inv5t] d'eux mmes40--,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #afj4 ,wood engrav+ 9 ,g]many at ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury appe>s to h greatly decl9$2 ! old race ( arti/s :o furni%$ designs = ! wood engrav] _h become ext9ct1 & _! places 7 n suppli$ by o!rs4 ,! m exp5sive works 7 n[ illu/rat$ ) copp]-plates2 & ! wood-cuts :i* appe>$ 9 ! common] k9ds ( books 7 9 g5]al v indiff]5t bo? 9 design & execution4 ,z ,g]many 0 ! c\ntry 9 :i* wood engrav+ 0 fir/ enc\rag$ & fo/]$1 s 0 x also ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! art e>lie/ decl9$ & subsequ5tly became mo/ ?or\ghly neglect$4 ,9 ,france & ,italy1 wood engrav+ _h also by ?is "t exp]i5c$ a consid]able decl9e1 b n to su* an ext5t z 9 ,g]many4 ,betwe5 #aeij & #afaj1 :5 ! art 0 rapidly decl9+ 9 o!r c\ntries1 ! wood-cuts :i* are to be met ) 9 ,engli% books are g5]ally bett] execut$ ?an at any prec$+ p]iod4 ,engrav$ title-pages 7 !n frequ5t1 & sev]al ( !m are execut$ ) consid]able skill4 ,a l>ge wood-cut1 ) ! date #afjg1 9 p>ticul> displays great m]it bo? 9 design & engrav+4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( an impression pres]v$ 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum4,,vi-#aai ,! orig9al1 exclusive ( ! v]ses1 & ! ornam5ts at ea* side ( !m1 is ab\t f\rte5 in*es high by ab\t f\rte5 & a half wide4 ,footnote ,,vi-#aai3 ,!re is also 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum a curi\s wood-cut1 ( l>ge size1 engrav$ on sev]al blocks1 app>5tly ( ! "t ( ,james ,i4 ,! title at ! top1 9 ,lat9 & ,engli%1 is z foll[s3 8,,human ,,vit ,,imago ,,olim ,,ab ,,apelle ,,9 ,,tabula ,,quadam ,,depicta4 ,! image ( ! lyfe ( man t 0 pa9t$ 9 a table by ,apelles40 ,! subject1 h[ev]1 is n s mu* a g5]al repres5tation ( ! life ( man 9 its sev]al /ages1 z an allegorical repres5tation ( ! evils att5dant on s5sual indulg5ce4 ,sev]al ( ! figures are design$ ) great _s1 & ! explanations und]nea? ! pr9cipal are engrav$ on ! same block1 9 ,lat9 & ,engli%4 ,x seems likely t ?is cut 0 engrav$ = ! purpose ( be+ pa/$ or hung aga9/ a wall4 ,x is ab\t five feet f\r in*es wide by ab\t ?ree feet high4 ,"s ( ! figures are engrav$ ) consid]able _s1 b ! gr\ps want t well-contra/$ light & %ade :i* give su* effect to ! l>ge cuts ( ,dur] & ,burgmair4 ,x is likely t l>ge cuts ( ?is k9d 7 int5d$ to be pa/$ on ! walls ( rooms1 to s]ve at once = in/ruction & ornam5t1 l 8,k+ ,*>les's ,gold5 ,rules & ! ,royal ,game ( ,goose0 9 lat] times4--,to ?is note ,mr4 ,jackson adds 9 8 annotat$ copy3 8,! draw+ appe>s to h be5 execut$ by an arti/ :o 0 r p>tial to cross-hat*+1 & ! engrav+ by "o :o knew h[ to r5d] e l9e be=e him ) a degree ( %>pness & delicacy by no means common at t p]iod40 ,illu/ration3 ,! good _/ ,h[-hold] ,! good ,h[-hold]1 t 8 ,h[e may hold1 ,firt builds x on ! ,rock1 n on ! ,s&4 ,!n1 ) a w>ie head & *>ie h& ,provides 79 tyme7 = ,hung] & = ,cold3 ,n da9tie ,f>e & ,furniture ( ,gold1 ,b h&om-holom 7z ) ,heal? doo? t&74 ,n = ! ,ri* t c z mu* comm& ,b ! poor ,/rang]1 ?',orfan ! ,old4 ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,london ,,9 ,,! ,,blacke ,,fri]s4 #afjg ,! foll[+ are ! six conclud+ l9es ( ! sonnet und]nea? ! cut3 9 ! orig9al !y are pr9t$ 9 small] type ?an ! o!rs1 & 9 a d\ble column4 ,9 ! copy !y are m]ely indicat$ to %[ ! relative size ( ! type to t ( ! fir/ eight l9es4 ,& 7?us7 to ^! to /& /ill op5 wide1 ,he nei!r wr+s ) ,wrongs nor racks 8 ,r5ts2 ,b saves ! *>ge ( wanton ,wa/e ,pride3 ,=1 ,?rift's "r ,fuel ( ,magnific5ce3 ,z ,protean ,fa%ions ( new ,prodigalitie ,h quight worn out all anci5t ,hospitalitie4 ,! fl[]s at ea* side ( ! v]ses are1 9 ! orig9al1 v co>sely execut$4 ,!y are m]ely pr9t]s' ornam5ts1 engrav$ on sep>ate pieces ( wood1 & n on ! same block z ! cut above !m4 ,f "o or two worm-holes1 :i* h be5 9 ! block :5 x 0 pr9t$ 9 #afjg1 & :i* are app>5t 9 ! impression1 x seems probable t ?is cut _h be5 engrav$ "s "t previ\s to ! date :i* appe>s at ! bottom4 ,z x is1 h[ev]1 v likely t ! block 0 ( pe>-tree1 :i* is extremely liable to ! attacks ( ! worm1 x is possible t x might h be5 injur$ 9 ?is mann] )9 a ye> or two ( its be+ f9i%$4 ,! bold1 cleanly cut l9es ( ! orig9al are v mu* l ! "w ( ,*ri/oph] ,jegh]1 "o ( ! be/ wood engrav]s ( t p]iod4 ,he resid$ at ,antw]p1 b he is said to h be5 born 9 ,g]many 9 #aegh4 ,8 be/ works are sev]al l>ge cuts :i* he engrav$ = ,rub5s f draw+s made on ! block by ,rub5s himself1 :o appe>s to h orig9ally publi%$ !m on 8 own acc\nt4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* ! great pa9t]'s "n is introduc$ at ! bottom ( ea*--8,p4 ,p4 ,rub4 del94 excud40--x w\ld appe> t !y 7 bo? design$ & pr9t$ by him4 ,impressions ( ^? cuts sometimes occur ) a t9t pr9t$ ov] !m1 9 sepia1 f a second block1 9 ! mann] ( *i>o-scuros4 ,we "h give a r$uc$ copy ( "o ( ! l>ge/4,,vi-#abj ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#abj3 ,! orig9al cut is tw5ty-?ree in*es & a half wide by eighte5 in*es high4 ,z pr(it c\ld n h be5 ,rub5s's motive = hav+ ^! cuts engrav$1 x is n unlikely t 8 object 0 to comp>e 8 designs :5 execut$ 9 ?is mann] ) ^? ( ! old] ,g]man ma/]s--,dur]1 ,burgmair1 & ,crana*4 ,! be/1 h[ev]1 diff] consid]ably 9 ! mann] ( _! execution f ! be/ old ,g]man wood-cuts1 = ! l9es are too uni=m & display too mu* ( art2 9 look+ at ^? :i* consi/ *iefly ( figures1 att5tion is fir/ call$ to ! means by :i* an effect is produc$1 r ?an to ! effect itself 9 connexion ) ! entire subject4 ,?is objection applies mo/ =cibly to ! cut :i* repres5ts ! ,virg9 cr[n$ by ! ,almighty & ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! design displays mu* ( ,rub5s's gr&eur1 ) n less ( 8 extravagance 9 ! attitude ( ! figures2 b he seems to h /udi$ less ! effect ( ! :ole1 ?an to h endeav\r$ to express c]ta9 p>ts by a peculi> arrangem5t ( l9es und hat*+s4 ,! subject does n produce t feel+1 :i* x is ! great object ( art to excite1 9 consequ5ce ( ! att5tion be+ div]t$ f ! contemplation ( ! :ole to ! means by :i* x is execut$4 ,9 su* impressions1 h[ev]1 z h a t9t ( sepia pr9t$ ov] !m f a second block1 ! h>dness ( ! l9es & heav9ess 9 ! hat*+s are less app>5t4 ,! foll[+ is a r$uc$ copy ( ano!r ( ^? cuts1 :i*1 = ! beautiful simplicity ( ! design1 is p]haps ! mo/ pleas+ ( ! :ole4 ,! execution ( ! orig9al is1 h[ev]1 co>se1 a defect :i* is n s app>5t 9 ! copy 9 consequ5ce ( ! small scale on :i* x is engrav$4,,vi-#aba ,illu/ration3 ,,cvm ,,privilegiis ,footnote ,,vi-#aba3 ,! orig9al is eighte5 in*es wide by ?irte5 in*es & a half high1 includ+ ! m>g9 ) ! inscription 8,cum privilegiis10 :i* is engrav$ on ! same block4 ,cornelius van ,si*em1,,vi-#abb a contempor>y ( ,*ri/oph] ,jegh]1 appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! mo/ indu/ri\s wood engrav]s ( 8 "t4 ,he 0 a native ( ,holl&1 & is suppos$ to h resid$ at ,am/]dam4 ,"o ( 8 be/ cuts is a l>ge head1 engrav$ f a draw+ by ,h5ry ,goltzius1 ) ! date #afjg4 ,?is & sev]al o!r l>ge cuts1 :i* he probably engrav$ ab\t ! same "t1 are s mu* sup]ior to ! small] cuts1 ) 8 m>k1 :i* appe> 9 books1 t ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t mo/ ( ! latt] mu/ h be5 engrav$ by 8 pupils2 !y are inde$ s num]\s t x seems almo/ impossible t he %\ld h engrav$ !m all himself4 ,he seems at fir/ to h work$ = fame1 & aft]w>ds to h turn$ a manufactur] ( wood-cuts = money4 ,! cuts ) 8 m>k conta9$ 9 a qu>to book entitl$ 8,bibels ,tresoor10 pr9t$ at ,am/]dam 9 #afdf1 by no means af=d an idea ( 8 ability z a wood-engrav]2 _m ( !m are wret*$ copies ( old wood-cuts design$ by ,alb]t ,dur] & o!r old ma/]s1 discr$itable alike to ! engrav] & to ! orig9als4 ,! foll[+ is a slightly r$uc$ copy ( a cut1 engrav$ by ,van ,si*em1 f a design by ,h5ry ,goltzius4 ,! orig9al1 :i* 0 probably engrav$ ab\t #afjg1 may be consid]$ z an av]age specim5 ( ! engrav]'s tal5ts2 x is n s well execut$ z "s ( 8 be/ l>ge cuts1 :ile x is mu* sup]ior to ! great] numb] ( ! small cuts :i* conta9 8 m>k4 ,! subject is ,judi? ) ! head ( ,hol(]nes4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vi-#abb3 ,papillon1 tom4 i4 p4 #bgd-bgf1 calls ?is engrav] ,c4 ,s4 ,vi*em2 & *>ges ,pr(essor ,*ri/ ) conf\nd+ ?ree ,si*ems ) ?ree ,vi*ems4 ,! "n at ! bottom ( ! cut1 9 ! foll[+ page1 is mo/ c]ta9ly int5d$ = ,c4 ,v4 ,si*em4 ,ab\t #afbe a ,fr5* wood engrav] ( ! "n ( ,bus9ck execut$ sev]al *i>o-scuros *iefly f designs by ,lalleman & ,bloem>t2 & betwe5 #afcj & #afdg1 ,b>tolomeo ,coriolano1 :o sometimes /yles himself 8,romanus ,eques10 practis$ ! same art at ,bologna ) great reputation4,,vi-#abc ,9 an edition ( ,hub]t ,goltzius's ,lives ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors1 enl>g$ by ,casp] ,gev>tius1 folio1 pr9t$ at ,antw]p 9 #afde1 ! portraits1 9 ! mann] ( *i>o-scuros1 f two blocks1 are execut$ ) great _s4 ,! "n ( ! engrav] is n m5tion$1 b f ! m>k ,i4 ,c4 ,i4 on a tail-piece at ! end ( ! "w1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he 0 ! same p]son :o engrav$ ! cuts 9 a little book ( devotion1 fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,flemi%1 at ,antw]p1 ab\t #afdf4,,vi-#abd ,! numb] ( cuts 9 ?is little "w is =ty1 & mo/ ( !m conta9 ! m>k ( ! design]1 ,,z1 z well z t ( ! engrav]4 ,f ! draw+ ( ^! cuts x w\ld seem t ! design] 0 ei!r a pupil ( ,rub5s1 or _h closely copi$ 8 mann]4 ,9 ,pr(essor ,*ri/'s ,diction>y ( ,monograms ! m>k ,,z is ascrib$ to ,&rea ,salm9cio1 8an engrav] & pupil ( ,valesius40 ,papillon1 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #bgd1 adopt+ ,pr(essor ,*ri/'s explanation ( ! m>k1 m5tions 8,&rea ,salm9cio0 z ! design] ( ^? cuts2 b 9 page #dfa ( ! same volume1 he says1 ref]r+ to 8 =m] /atem5t1 t he _h s9ce be5 in=m$ by ,m4 ,eis51 a pa9t]1 & a native ( ,val5ci5nes1 t !y 7 design$ by 8a fam\s ,flemi% pa9t] & engrav] on wood1 nam$ ,sall>te1 a contempor>y ( ,rub5s1 & :o is suppos$ to h assi/$ ! latt] 9 "s ( 8 great works40 ,^? cuts may p]haps be consid]$ z ! la/ s]ies t 7 expressly design$ by an arti/ ( tal5t 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 = ! purpose ( be+ engrav$ on wood4 ,! /yle 9 :i* !y are execut$ is n wor?y ( ! designs1 ?\gh1 consid]+ ! p]iod1 !y are n )\t m]it4 ,! engrav] appe>s to h be5 extremely p>tial to a k9d ( cross-hat*+1 9 :i* ! int]/ices are m l squ>es ?an acute-angl$ loz5ges1 ?us giv+ to ! figures & drap]ies a h>d & unpliable appe>ance4 ,footnote ,,vi-#abc3 ,! twelf? volume ( ,b>ts*'s ,pe9tre-,graveur conta9s an ample li/ ( ,italian *i>o-scuros1 toge!r ) ! names ( ! pa9t]s & engrav]s4 ,footnote ,,vi-#abd3 ,! only p]fect copy :i* ,i h se5 ( ?is little "w is 9 ,spani%4 ,! title is z foll[s3 8,la ,p]petua ,cruz1 o ,passion de ,jesu ,*ri/o ,nue/ro ,seor1 desde el pr9cipio de su enc>nacion ha/a su mu]te4 ,repres5tada en qu>5ta e/ampas que se rep>t5 de balde1 y explicada con diff]5tes razones y oraciones de devocion4 ,en ,amb]es1 en la empr5ta de ,cornelio ,woons1 #afej40 ,! cuts 7 engrav$ at ! in/ance ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,mal9es4 ,be=e ! ,spani% edition appe>$1 ?irty ?\s& copies ( ! "w 9 ,flemi% & ,lat9 _h already be5 circulat$4 ,?\gh sev]al ,engli% wood engrav+s ( ! reigns ( ,james ,i4 & ,*>les ,i4 h evid5tly be5 execut$ by pr(ess$ wood engrav]s1 yet a great proportion ( ^? conta9$ 9 ,engli% books & pamphlets pr9t$ 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury appe> to h be5 ! "w ( p]sons :o _h n le>nt & did n regul>ly practise ! art4 ,! cuts ( ^? occasional wood engrav]s1 :o 7 mo/ likely pr9t]s1 are z rude 9 design z !y are co>se 9 execution1 frequ5tly display+ some?+ l ! fac-simile ( a boy's draw+ 9 8 fir/ attempts to sket* 8! human =m div9e40 ,su* cuts1 evid5tly execut$ on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 are ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 tracts & pamphlets publi%$ dur+ ! "t ( ! w> betwe5 ,*>les ,i4 & ! ,p>liam5t4 ,evelyn1 9 ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,sculptura1 publi%$ 9 #affb1 ?us m5tions ,switz] z a wood engrav] ( t p]iod3 8,we h likewise ,switz] = cutt+ 9 wood1 ! son ( a fa!r,,vi-#abe :o suffici5tly discov]$ 8 dext]ity 9 ! ,h]bals set =? by ,mr4 ,p>k9son1 ,lobel1 & div]s o!r works40 ,! cuts ( plants 9 ! "w1 usually call$ ,lobel's ,botany1 7 mo/ c]ta9ly n engrav$ by ! eld] ,switz]2 !y are mu* sup]ior to ! cuts ( ! same k9d :i* are und\bt$ly ( 8 engrav+1 & ! "w 9 :i* !y fir/ appe>$ 0 pr9t$ 9 ,london 9 #aega4 ,he engrav$ ! cuts 9 ,spe$'s ,hi/ory ( ,brita91 folio1 #afaa2 &1 ?\gh ! au?or calls him 8! mo/ exquisite & curi\s h& ( t age10 !y abundantly te/ify t he 0 a v ord9>y workman4 ,!y are execut$ 9 a meagre1 spiritless mann]2 ! be/ are ^? :i* repres5t ! portraitures ( ! anci5t ,britons4 ,! cuts 9 ,p>k9son's ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris1 folio1 #afbi1 7 also und\bt$ly engrav$ by him2 8 "n1 8,a4 ,switz]10 ) a grav] und]nea?1 occurs at ! bottom ( ! v indiff]5t cut :i* =ms ! title-page4 ,! portrait ( ! au?or is sc>cely sup]ior to ! title-page2 & ! cuts ( plants are ! mo/ wor?less t are to be f\nd 9 any "w ( ! k9d4 ,x is n unlikely t ! cuts 9 ,topsell's ,hi/ory ( ,f\r-foot$ ,bea/s1 #afjg1 & 9 ,m(fet's ,!atre ( ,insects1 #afcd1 7 also engrav$ by ! eld] ,switz]4 ,! ta/e = wood-cuts mu/ h be5 l[ inde$ :5 su* an engrav] 0 consid]$ "o ( ! be/ ( 8 age4 ,( ! y\ng] ,switz]'s abilities ,i h _h no means ( judg+1 nev] hav+ se5 a s+le cut :i* 0 kn[n to be ( 8 engrav+4 ,footnote ,,vi-#abe3 ,9 ,walpole's ,catalogue ( ,engrav]s !re is ! foll[+ notice ( ! eld] ,switz]3 8,9 ! ,h>leian ,libr>y 0 a set ( wood5 cuts1 repres5t+ ! broad seals ( ,engl& f ! conque/ to ,james ,i4 inclusive1 neatly execut$4 ,v]tue says ?is 0 ! sole impression he _h se51 & believ$ t !y 7 cut by ,*r4 ,switz]1 & t ^! plates 7 copi$ by ,holl> = ,s&=d4 ,switz] also cut ! co9s & seals 9 ,spe$'s ,hi/ory ( ,brita91 #afad #afaa1 f ! orig9als 9 ! ,cottonian ,collection4 ,spe$ calls him ! mo/ exquisite & curi\s h& ( t age4 ,he probably engrav$ ! botanic figures = ,lobel's ,obs]vations1 & ! plates cuts = ,p>k9son's ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris1 #afbi4 ,*r4 ,switz]'s works h sometimes be5 conf\nd$ ) 8 son's1 :o 0 ( bo? 8 names40--,catalogue ( ,engrav]s1 p4 #ah note1 ,edit4 #agid4 ,x is d\btful if ! eld] ,switz]'s ,*ri/ian "n 7 ,*ri/oph]4 ,! initial 9 ,p>k9son's ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris is an ,a4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 possible t ?is lett] may be int5d$ = a ,lat9 preposition1 & n = ! fir/ lett] ( ! engrav]'s ,*ri/ian "n4 ,betwe5 #afej & #agjj wood engrav+1 z a means ( multiply+ ! designs ( em95t arti/s1 ei!r z illu/rations ( books or z sep>ate cuts1 may be consid]$ z hav+ rea*$ its l[e/ ebb4 ,a few tol]ably well execut$ cuts ( ornam5ts are occasionally to be f\nd 9 ,italian1 ,fr5*1 & ,dut* books ( ?is p]iod2 b ?\gh !y suffici5tly atte/ t ! race ( workm5 0 n :olly ext9ct1 !y also af=d ample pro( t arti/s l ^? ( =m] times _h ceas$ to furni% designs = ! wood engrav]4 ,! art ( design 0 !n1 h[ev]1 9 a langui%+ condition ?r\gh\t ,europe2 & ev5 suppos+ t wood engrav+ _h be5 z mu* 9 fa%ion z copp]-plate pr9t+ !n 0 = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ books1 x w\ld be va9 to expect 9 wood-cuts t excell5ce ( composition & draw+ :i* is n to be f\nd 9 ! works ( ! be/ pa9t]s ( ! "t4 ,wood engrav+s to please mu/ possess "s m]it 9 ! design--mu/ %[ "s trait ( feel+ = 8 subject on ! "p ( ! design]4 ,defici5cy 9 ?is respect c nev] be comp5sat$ by dext]ity ( execution3 9 any?+ t approa*es to f9e art1 m]e workman%ip1 ! result ( labori\s application1 c nev] atone = want ( m9d4 ,! man :o drew a portrait ( ,que5 ,anne ) a p51 & wrote ! ,psalms 9 ! l9es ( ! face1 & 9 ! curls ( ! hair1 9 *>act]s s small t x requir$ a glass to read !m1 does n rank ) a ,v&yke or a ,reynolds1 nor ev5 ) a ,lely or a ,knell]4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! greate/ decl9e ( wood engrav+1 ! want t 0 felt 0 n ( work+ engrav]s to execute cuts1 b ( tal5t$ arti/s to design !m4 ,! pr9cipal ,fr5* wood engrav]s ab\t ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 73 ,pet] ,le ,sueur1--born 9 #afcf1 di$ #agaf2 8 two sons1 ,pet] & ,v9c5t2 ,john ,papillon ! eld]--:o di$ 9 #agaj2 & 8 son1 ( ! same "n1 :o 0 born 9 #affa1 & di$ 9 #agbc4 ,?\gh ,john ,mi*ael ,papillon1 son ( ,john ,papillon ! y\ng]1 & au?or ( ! ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 speaks highly ( ! tal5ts ( ! a=esaid memb]s ( ! families ( ,le ,sueur & ,papillon z wood engrav]s1 yet1 f 8 acc\nt ( _! productions1 x w\ld seem t !y 7 *iefly employ$ 9 engrav+ subjects :i* sc>cely all[$ ( any display ( excell5ce ei!r 9 design or execution4 ,_! f9e works 7 ornam5tal lett]s1 fl[]$ vignettes1 & tail-pieces = ! booksell]s2 :ile _! /aple productions appe> to h be5 blocks = c>d-mak]s & pap]-/a9]s1 ) patt]ns = embroid]]s1 lace-work]s1 & ribbon-manufactur]s4 ,9 ! succe$+ c5tury1 ,j4 ,m4 ,papillon1 gr&son ( ! fir/ ,john ,papillon1 & ,ni*olas le ,sueur1 gr&son ( ! eld] ,pet] ,le ,sueur1 fully support$ ! "* ( _! respective families z wood engrav]s4 ,"s acc\nt ( _! works w be giv5 9 ! prop] place4 ,! tail-piece at ! conclusion ( ?is *apt] w af=d "s idea ( ! primitive /yle ( ! wood-cuts previ\sly m5tion$ z occurr+ 9 tracts & pamphlets pr9t$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! civil w>4 ,x is a fac-simile ( a cut :i* orig9ally appe>$ on ! title-page to ! fir/ kn[n edition ( ,rob9 ,hood's ,g>l&1 pr9t$ 9 #afgj4,,vi-#abf ,! orig9al block is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,william ,g>ret ( ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 & 0 frequ5tly us$ by ! late ,mr4 ,george ,angus ( t t[n1 z x _h also be5 by 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! same bus9ess1 to decorate ! title-pages ( ! p5ny hi/ories & g>l&s1 :i* !y suppli$ 9 su* abundance = ! w9t]-ev5+s' ent]ta9m5t ( ! good folks ( ,nor?umb]l& & ! 8,bi%oprick40 ,mr4 ,d\ce1 9 ! second volume ( 8 ,illu/rations ( ,%akspe>e1 also gives a fac-simile ( ?is cut2 & ! foll[+ is 8 explanation ( ! subject4 ,footnote ,,vi-#abf3 ,! cuts 9 an edition ( 8,! mo/ ,delightful ,hi/ory ( ,reyn>d ! ,fox10 #dto4 ,london1 pr9t$ = ,?omas ,pass+]1 #afha1 are sc>cely sup]ior to ?is cut 9 po9t ( execution1 ?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t ! figures are g5]ally 9 bett] 8keep+40 8,mr4 ,ritson has tak5 notice ( an old wood5 cut #8pres]v$ on ! title-page ( a p5ny hi/ory 7,adam ,bell1 c471 pr9t$ at ,newca/le 9 #aggb1' & :i* repres5ts1 9 8 op9ion1 a morris dance1 consi/+ ( ! foll[+ p]sonages3 #a4 ,a bi%op4 #b4 ,rob9 ,hood4 #c4 ,! pott] or begg>4 #d4 ,little ,john4 #e4 ,fri> ,tuck4 #f4 ,maid ,m>ian4 ,he rem>ks t ! :ole is too rude to m]it a copy1 a position t is n meant to be controv]t$2 b x is necess>y to introduce ! cut 9 ?is place = ! purpose ( correct+ an error into :i* ! above +5i\s writ] has fall54 ,x is prop] to m5tion t x orig9ally appe>$ on ! title-page to ! fir/ kn[n edition ( ,rob9 ,hood's ,g>l&1 pr9t$ 9 #afgj1 #ahmo4 ,n[1 ?is cut is c]ta9ly n ! repres5tation ( a morris dance1 b m]ely ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s belong+ to ! ,g>l&4 ,^! are ,rob9 ,hood1 ,little ,john1 ,que5 ,ca!r9e1 ! bi%op1 ! curtal fri]1 7n ,tuck17 & ! begg>4 ,ev5 ?\gh x 7 admitt$ t ,maid ,m>ian & ,fri> ,tuck 7 int5d$ to be giv51 x c\ld n be ma9ta9$ t ei!r ! bi%op or ! begg> made "p ( a morris40 ,to give m specim5s ( wood engrav+ :5 9 its l[e/ /ate ( decl5sion has n be5 ?\ght necess>y2 = ev5 at ?is p]iod x w\ld n be difficult to produce cuts :i* 9 po9t ( m]e execution are sup]ior to _m :i* appe>$ :5 ! art 0 at its height4 ,x is suffici5t to h /at$ t1 t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 wood engrav+ = ! high] purposes ( ! art _h sunk into utt] neglect2 t ! be/ productions ( ! regul> wood engrav]s ( ! p]iod mo/ly consi/ ( unmean+ ornam5ts :i* nei!r excite feel+ nor sugge/ a ?\ght2 & t ! wood-cuts :i* appe> to h be5 engrav$ by p]sons n in/ruct$ 9 ! bus9ess p>take g5]ally ( ! "* ( ! foll[+ tail-piece4 ,hav+ n[ br\ght d[n ! hi/ory ( ! art ( wood engrav+ to ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 its revival 9 ! eighte5?1 ) "s acc\nt ( ! works ( ,?omas ,bewick & ! pr9cipal ,engli% wood engrav]s ( 8 "t1 w =m ! subject ( ! next *apt]4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,revival ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+4 ,engli% ,wood-,cuts 9 #agab -- ,h[el's ,m$ulla ,hi/ori ,anglican -- ,maittaire's ,classics #agac -- ,e4 ,kirkall -- ,8 ,*i>o-,scuros -- ,cuts 9 ,croxall's sop1 #agbb -- ,j4 ,b4 ,jackson -- ,*i>o-,scuros ,engrav$ by ,him at ,v5ice1 #agch-agdb -- ,fr5* ,wood ,engrav]s1 #agaj-agfh2 ,j4 ,m4 ,papillon1 ,m4 ,le ,sueur1 & ,p4 ,s4 ,f\rni] -- ,engli% ,wood-,cuts1 #agfj-aggb -- ,cuts 9 ,sir ,john ,hawk9s's ,hi/ory ( ,music1 #aggf -- ,?omas ,bewick -- ,8 ,fir/ ,wood-,cuts1 9 ,hutton's ,m5suration1 #agfh-aggj -- ,cuts by ,him 9 a ,hi]oglyphic ,bible -- ,9 ,fables1 #aggi-aghd -- ,8 ,cut ( ! ,*ill+ham ,bull -- ,8 ,quadrup$s1 ,briti% ,birds1 & ,fables -- ,john ,bewick -- ,cuts by ,him 9 ,emblems ( ,mortality1 & ,o!r ,books -- ,poems by ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell -- ,som]viles's ,*ase -- ,rob]t ,johnson1 ,design] ( ,sev]al ( ! ,tail-,pieces 9 ,bewick's ,works -- ,*>lton ,nesbit -- ,luke ,cl5nell -- ,william ,h>vey -- ,rob]t ,bran/on -- ,john ,?ompson1 & ,o!rs4 ,al?\gh wood engrav+ _h fall5 into almo/ utt] neglect by ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & cont9u$ 9 a langui%+ /ate = _m ye>s aft]w>d1 yet ! art 0 nev] lo/1 z "s p]sons h /at$2 = bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,france a regul> succession ( wood engrav]s c be trac$ f #agjj to ! "t ( ,?omas ,bewick4 ,! cuts :i* appe> 9 books pr9t$ 9 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 & ,italy dur+ ! same p]iod1 ?\gh ( v inf]ior execution1 suffici5tly prove t ! art cont9u$ to be practis$ 9 ^? c\ntries4 ,! fir/ ,engli% book ( ?is p]iod :i* requires notice is an edition ( ,h[el's ,m$ulla ,hi/ori ,anglican1 octavo1 pr9t$ at ,london 9 #agab4,,vii-#a ,!re are upw>ds ( sixty wood-cuts 9 ?is "w1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y are execut$ suffici5tly indicates t ! engrav] mu/ h ei!r be5 self-taught or ! pupil ( a ma/] :o did n und]/& ! art4 ,! blocks h1 = ! mo/ "p1 be5 engrav$ 9 ! mann] ( copp]-plates2 mo/ ( ! l9es1 :i* a regul> wood engrav] w\ld h left 9 relief1 are cut 9 intaglio1 & h5ce 9 ! impression !y appe> :ite :]e !y ought to be black4 ,! booksell]1 9 an address to ! read]1 ?us proce$s to %[ ! advantages ( ^? cuts1 & to answ] any objection t might be urg$ aga9/ !m on acc\nt ( _! be+ engrav$ on wood4 8,! cuts add$ 9 ?is edition are int5d$ m = use ?an %[4 ,! utility consi/s 9 ^! two p>ticul>s4 #a4 ,to make ! bett] impression on ! memory4 #b4 ,to %[ m readily :5 ! notable passages 9 our hi/ory 7 transact$2 :i*1 )\t ! k ( ! names ( ! p]sons1 are n to be f\nd out1 by ev5 ! be/ indexes4 ,z = example3 ,9 :at reign 0 x t a rebelli\s r\t1 head$ by a vile fell[1 made great ravage1 & appe>+ 9 ! ,k+'s pres5ce ) insol5ce1 _! capta9 0 /abb$ ^u ! spot by ! ,"l-,mayor8 ,"h1 )\t kn[+ ! names ( "s ( ! p>ties1 :i* a _w ( p are ignorant (1 ! /ory is n to be f\nd by an index2 b by ! help ( ! cut1 :i* cat*es ! eye1 is soon discov]$4 ,we all h he>d ( ! piety ( "o ( our que5s :o suck$ ! poison out ( h] husb&'s w\nd1 b v few rememb] :i* ( !m x 01 :i* ! cut pres5tly %[s4 ,! same is to be said ( all ! re/1 s9ce we h *os5 only su* ?+s z are ,,notabilia 9 ! hi/ory to describe 9 our sculptures4--,& if x be object$ t ! grav+ is 9 wood1 & n 9 copp]1 :i* w\ld be m beautiful2 we answ]1 t su* w\ld be mu* m exp5sive too4 ,& we 7 will+ to save ! buy]'s purse2 especially s9ce ev5 ! be/ engrav+ w\ld n bett] s]ve ! purposes above-said40 ,footnote ,,vii-#a3 ,small wood-cuts appe> to h be5 frequ5tly us$ ab\t ?is "t 9 newspap]s1 = :at ! ,am]icans call a 8caption0 to adv]tisem5ts4 8,! great art 9 writ+ adv]tisem5ts is ! f9d+ out a prop] me?od to cat* ! read]'s eye1 )\t :i* _m a good ?+ may pass ov] unobs]v$1 or be lo/ among commissions ( bankrupts4 ,a/]isks & h&s 7 =m]ly ( great use = ?is purpose4 ,( late ye>s ! ,n4,b4 has be5 mu* 9 fa%ion1 z also little cuts & figures1 ! inv5tion ( :i* we mu/ ascribe to ! au?or ( spr+ trusses40--,tatl]1 ,no4 #bbd1 #ad? ,septemb] #agaj4 ,! practice is n yet obsolete4 ,cuts ( ?is k9d are /ill to be f\nd 9 c\ntry newspap]s prefix$ to adv]tisem5ts ( quack m$ic9es1 horse-races1 coa* & /eam-boat dep>tures1 sales ( %ips1 & ! s]vices ( equi admissorii4 ,?\gh no m>k is to be f\nd on any ( ^? cuts1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t !y 7 execut$ by ,edw>d ,kirkall1 ^: "n appe>s z ! engrav] ( ! copp]-plate frontispiece to ! book4 ,! acc\nts :i* we h ( ,kirkall are extremely unsatisfactory4 ,/rutt says t he 0 born at ,%effield 9 #afie2 & t1 visit+ ,london 9 se>* ( improvem5t1 he 0 = "s "t employ$ 9 grav+ arms1 /amps1 & ornam5ts = books4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 likely t he 0 born previ\s to #afie2 = ! frontispiece to ,h[el's ,m$ulla is dat$ #agab1 :51 if ,/rutt be correct1 ,kirkall w\ld be only sev5te54 ,t he engrav$ on wood1 z well z on copp]1 is unque/ionable2 & ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he ei!r occasionally engrav$ small ornam5ts & head-pieces on type-metal = ! use ( pr9t]s1 or t ca/s 9 ?is k9d ( metal 7 tak5 f "s ( 8 small cuts4,,vii-#b ,footnote ,,vii-#b3 ,"s ( ! cuts 9 an edition ( ,dryd5's plays1 #f vols4 #abmo4 publi%$ by ,tonson & ,watts 9 #agag1 h evid5tly be5 ei!r engrav$ on "s k9d ( s(t metal or be5 ca/s f a wood block4 ,9 ! corn] ( su* cuts1 ! m>ks ( ! p9s1 :i* h fa/5$ ! engrav$ metal-plate to a piece ( wood bel[1 are q app>5t4 ,! head-pieces & ornam5ts 9 ,maittaire's ,lat9 ,classics1 duodecimo1 publi%$ by ,tonson & ,watts1 #agac1 7 probably engrav$ on wood by ,kirkall1 z 8 initials1 ,e4 ,k41 are to be f\nd on "o ( ! tail-pieces4 ,papillon speaks r fav\rably ( ^? small cuts1 ?\gh he objects to ! uni=mity ( ! t9t & ! want ( precision 9 ! m delicate p>ts ( ! figures1 su* z ! faces & h&s4 ,he notices ! tail-piece ) ! m>k ,e4 ,k4 z "o ( ! be/ execut$2 & he suspects t ^! lett]s 7 int5d$ = ! "n ( an ,engli% pa9t]--call$ ,ekwits1 to ! be/ ( 8 recollection1--:o 8taught ! arts ( pa9t+ & ( engrav+ on wood to ,j4 ,b4 ,jackson1 s well kn[n to ! pr9t]s ( ,p>is ab\t #agcj f 8 hav+ suppli$ !m ) s l>ge a /ock ( indiff]5t cuts40,,vii-#c ,footnote ,,vii-#c3 ,papillon1 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 p4 #cbc4 ,! cuts 9 ,croxall's edition ( sop's ,fables1 fir/ publi%$ by ,j4 & ,r4 ,tonson & ,j4 ,watts1 9 #agbb1 71 9 all probability1 execut$ by ! same p]son :o engrav$ ! head-pieces & o!r ornam5ts 9 ,maittaire's ,lat9 ,classics1 pr9t$ = ! same publi%]s ab\t n9e ye>s be=e2 & !re is reason to believe t ?is p]son1 z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$1 0 ,e4 ,kirkall4 ,bewick1 9 ! introduction prefix$ to 8 8,fables ( sop & o!rs10 fir/ pr9t$ 9 #ahah1 says t ! cuts 9 ,croxall's edition 7 8on metal1 9 ! mann] ( wood40 ,he1 h[ev]1 gives no reason = ?is op9ion1 & ,i v mu* "q its correctness4 ,aft] a c>eful inspection ,i h n be5 able to discov] any peculi> m>k :i* %\ld induce me to suppose t !y _h be5 engrav$ on metal2 & )\t "s su* m>k indicat+ t ! engrav$ surface _h be5 fa/5$ to ! block to raise x to ! height ( ! type1 ,i consid] x impossible = any p]son to decide m]ely f ! appe>ance ( ! impressions t ^? cuts 7 pr9t$ f a metallic surface4 ,! diff]5ce1 9 po9t ( impression1 betwe5 a wood-cut & an engrav+ on type-metal 9 ! same mann]1 or a ca/ 9 type-metal f a wood-cut1 is n to be di/+ui%$4 ,a wood engrav] ( ! pres5t day1 :5 ca/s f wood-cuts are s frequ5tly us$ in/ead ( ! orig9al engrav$ block1 decides t a c]ta9 impression has be5 f a ca/1 n 9 consequ5ce ( any peculi>ity 9 its appe>ance d5ot+ t x is pr9t$ f a metallic surface1 b f c]ta9 m>ks--little flaws 9 ! l9es & m9ute 8picks0--:i* he kn[s are *>act]i/ic ( a 8ca/40 ,:5 a ca/1 h[ev]1 has be5 well tak51 & aft]w>ds c>efully cle>$ out ) ! grav]1 x is frequ5tly impossible to decide t ! impression has be5 tak5 f x1 unless ! exam9] h also be=e him an impression f ! orig9al block ) :i* x may be comp>$2 & ev5 !n1 a p]son n v well acqua9t$ ) ! practice ( wood engrav+ & ! me?od ( tak+ ca/s f engrav$ wood-blocks1 w be extremely liable to decide errone\sly4 ,?\gh x is by no means improbable t a p]son l ,kirkall1 :o _h be5 accu/om$ to engrave on copp]1 might attempt to engrave on type-metal 9 ! same mann] z on wood1 & t he might ?us execute a few small head-pieces & fl[]$ ornam5ts1 yet ,i consid] x v unlikely t he %\ld cont9ue to pref] metal = ! purpose ( relief engrav+ aft] he _h made a few exp]im5ts4 ,! advantages ( wood ov] type-metal are inde$ s great1 bo? z reg>ds cle>ness ( l9e & facility ( execution1 t x seems incr$ible t any p]son :o _h tri$ bo? mat]ials %\ld hesitate to give ! pref]5ce to wood4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! cuts 9 ,croxall's sop 7 really engrav$ on metal 9 ! mann] ( wood1 !y are1 z a s]ies1 ! mo/ extraord9>y specim5s ( relief engrav+ = ! purpose ( pr9t+1 t h ev] be5 execut$4 ,:5 ,bewick /at$ t ^? cuts 7 engrav$ on metal1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t he f\nd$ 8 op9ion r on popul> report ?an on close & imp>tial exam9ation ( ! cuts !mselves2 & x is fur!r to be obs]v$ t ,?omas ,bewick1 ) all 8 m]its z a wood engrav]1 0 n )\t 8 weaknesses z a man2 he 0 n unwill+ t p %\ld believe t ! art ( wood engrav+ 0 lo/ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & t ! hon\r ( its re-discov]y1 z well z ( its subsequ5t advancem5t1 0 due to him4 ,?\gh he 0 no d\bt s9c]e 9 ! op9ion :i* he gave1 yet ^? :o "k him are well aw>e t he w\ld n h felt any pleasure 9 call+ ! att5tion ( 8 read]s to a s]ies ( wood-cuts execut$ 9 ,engl& upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s be=e he 0 born1 & :i* are n mu* inf]ior--except z reg>ds ! animals--to ! cuts ( fables engrav$ by himself & 8 bro!r previ\s to #aghj4,,vii-#d ,! cuts 9 ,croxall's sop n only display great improvem5t 9 ! engrav]1 suppos+ him to be ! same p]son t execut$ ! head-pieces & ornam5ts 9 ,maittaire's ,lat9 ,classics pr9t$ 9 #agac1 b are v mu* sup]ior to any cuts conta9$ 9 works ( ! same k9d pr9t$ 9 ,france betwe5 #agjj & #agfj4,,vii-#e ,footnote ,,vii-#d3 8,! ,fables ( ,mr4 ,john ,gay10 ) cuts by ,?omas & ,john ,bewick1 0 publi%$ 9 #aggi4 8,select ,fables1 a new edition improv$10 ) cuts by ! same1 appe>$ 9 #aghd2 bo? 9 duodecimo1 pr9t$ by ,t4 ,sa9t1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne4 ,! cuts 9 ! latt] "w are consid]ably bett] ?an ^? 9 ! =m]4 ,sev]al ( ! cuts :i* orig9ally appe>$ 9 ^? two works are to be f\nd 9 8,select ,fables2 ) cuts design$ & engrav$ by ,?omas & ,john ,bewick1 & o!rs10 octavo1 pr9t$ = ,em]son ,*>nely1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 #ahbj4 ,footnote ,,vii-#e3 ,! cuts 9 two diff]5t editions ( sop's ,fables1 publi%$ at ,p>is1--! "o by ,*>les ,le ,cl]c 9 #agca1 & ! o!r by ,j4 ,b>b\ 9 #ageh1--;are mo/ wret*$ly execut$4 ,! m>k ( ,v9c5t ,le ,sueur appe>s on ! frontispiece to ,le ,cl]c's edition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,copp]-,,plate ,,by ,s4 ,,le ,,cl]c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,wood-,,cut ,,9 ,,croxall',s ,,sop4 ,_m ( ! subjects 9 ,croxall are m]ely rev]s$ copies ( engrav+s on copp] by ,s4 ,le ,cl]c1 illu/rative ( a ,fr5* edition ( sop's ,fables publi%$ ab\t #afid4 ,! fir/ ( ! prec$+ cuts is a fac-simile ( "o ( ,le ,cl]c's engrav+s2 & ! second is a copy ( ! same subject z x appe>s 9 ,croxall4 ,! fable to :i* !y bo? relate is ! ,fox & ! ,goat4 ,! above cut is by no means "o ( ! be/ 9 ,croxall3 x has n be5 select$ z a specim5 ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^? cuts are execut$1 b z an in/ance ( ! clos5ess ) :i* ! ,engli% wood-cuts h be5 copi$ f ! ,fr5* copp]-plates4 ,9 sev]al ( ! cuts 9 ,bewick's ,fables ( sop & o!rs1 ! arrangem5t & composition appe> to h be5 sugge/$ by ^? 9 ,croxall2 b 9 e in/ance ( ?is k9d ! mod]n arti/ has made ! subject 8 own by ! sup]ior mann] 9 :i* x is treat$3 he re/ores to ! animals _! prop] =ms1 repres5ts !m act+ _! p>ts z describ$ 9 ! fable1 & frequ5tly introduces an incid5t or sket* ( l&scape :i* gives to ! :ole subject a natural "*4 ,! foll[+ copy ( ! ,fox & ,goat1 9 ! ,fables ( sop & o!rs1 #ahah-ahbc1 w s]ve to %[ h[ little ! mod]n arti/ has borr[$ 9 su* in/ances f ! cuts 9 ,croxall1 & h[ mu* has be5 suppli$ by himself4 ,illu/ration ,betwe5 #agbb & #agbd1 ,kirkall publi%$ by subscription twelve *i>o-scuros engrav$ by himself1 *iefly aft] designs by old ,italian ma/]s4 ,9 ^? *i>o-scuros ! outl9es & ! d>k] p>ts ( ! figures are pr9t$ f copp]-plates1 & ! sepia-col\r$ t9ts aft]w>ds impress$ f wood-blocks2 ?\gh !y possess consid]able m]it1 !y are defici5t 9 _s1 & w n be> a comp>ison ) ! *i>o-scuros execut$ by ,ugo da ,c>pi & o!r e>ly ,italian wood engrav]s4 ,mo/ ( !m are too smoo?1 & want ! bold outl9e & vigor\s "* :i* di/+ui% ! old *i>o-scuros3 :at ,kirkall ga9$ 9 delicacy & precision by ! introduction ( mezzot9t1 he lo/ ?r\gh ! ineffici5t engrav+ ( ! wood-blocks4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ ( ^? *i>o-scuros is a copy ( "o ( ,ugo da ,c>pi's--neas c>ry+ 8 fa!r on 8 %\ld]s--aft] a design by ,raffaele4 ,9 ,walpole's ,catalogue ( ,engrav]s1 a notice ( ,kirkall's 8new me?od ( pr9t+1 compos$ ( et*+1 mezzot9to1 & wood5 /amps10 concludes ) ! foll[+ passage3 8,he p]=m$ sev]al pr9ts 9 ?is mann]1 & did great ju/ice to ! draw+ & expression ( ! ma/]s he imitat$4 ,?is inv5tion1 = "o may call x s1 _h mu* success1 mu* applause1 no imitators4--,i suppose x is too labori\s & too t$i\s4 ,9 an opul5t c\ntry :]e !re is great facility ( gett+ money1 x is seldom got by m]it4 ,our arti/s are 9 too mu* hurry to ga9 x1 or des]ve x40 ,ab\t #agbd ,kirkall publi%$ sev5te5 views ( %ipp+1 f designs by ,w4 ,v&evelde1 :i* he also call$ 8pr9ts 9 *i>o-scuro40 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 no j pret5sions to ! "n z x is usually und]/ood :5 appli$ to pr9ts1 = !y are m]ely t9t$ engrav+s work$ (f 9 a gre5i%-blue ink4 ,^! s-call$ *i>o-scuros are decid$ failures4 ,kirkall engrav$1 on copp]1 ! plates 9 ,r[e's translation ( ,lucan's ,ph>salia1 folio1 publi%$ by ,tonson1 #agah2 ! plates = an edition ( ,inigo ,jones's ,/oneh5ge1 #agbe2 & a frontispiece to ! works ( ,mrs4 ,eliza ,haywood1 :i* is ?us allud$ to 9 ! ,dunciad3 8,see 9 ! circle next ,eliza plac$1 ,two babes ( love close cl++ to h] wai/2 ,fair z be=e h] works %e /&s confe/1 ,9 fl[]s & pe>ls by b\nte\s ,kirkall dre/40 ,a consid]able numb] ( rude & ta/eless ornam5ts & head-pieces1 ) ! m>k ,f4 ,h41 engrav$ on wood1 are to be f\nd 9 ,engli% books pr9t$ betwe5 #agbj & #agdj4 ,sev]al ( !m h be5 ca/ 9 type-metal1,,vii-#f z is evid5t f ! m>ks ( ! p9s1 9 ! impressions1 by :i* !y h be5 fa/5$ to ! blocks2 ! same head-piece or ornam5t is also frequ5tly f\nd 9 books pr9t$ 9 ! same ye> by diff]5t pr9t]s4 ,"s ( ! be/ head+s & tail-pieces ( ?is p]iod occur 9 a volume ( 8,miscellane\s ,poems1 orig9al & translat$1 by sev]al h&s4 ,publi%$ by ,mr4 ,concan510 ,london1 pr9t$ = ,j4 ,peele1 octavo1 #agbd4 ,! subjects are1 ,apollo ) a lyre2 ,m9]va ) a spe> & %ield2 two m5 sift+ corn2 ,h]cules de/roy+ ! hydra2 & a man ) a l>ge lant]n4 ,!y are mu* sup]ior to any cuts ( ! same k9d ) ! m>k ,f4 ,h42 & f ! mann] 9 :i* !y are execut$1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t !y are ! "w ( ! p]son :o engrav$ ! cuts 9 ,croxall's sop4 ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( "o ( ! be/ ( ! cuts t ,i h ev] se5 ) ! m>k ,f4 ,h4 ,x occurs z a tail-piece at ! end ( ! preface to 8,/rephon's ,rev5ge3 ,a ,satire on ! ,ox=d ,toa/s10 octavo1 ,london1 #agbd4,,vii-#g ,footnote ,,vii-#f3 ,x is n unlikely t ! frequ5cy ( su* ca/s has induc$ _m p]sons to suppose t mo/ ( ! cuts ( ?is p]iod 7 8engrav$ on metal 9 ! mann] ( wood40 ,illu/ration3 ,,leg5t ,h,c ,,no/ra ,,nepotes4 ,john ,bapti/ ,jackson1 an ,engli% wood engrav]1 01 accord+ to ,papillon1 a pupil ( ! p]son :o engrav$ ! small head-pieces & ornam5ts 9 ,maittaire's ,lat9 ,classics1 publi%$ by ,tonson & ,watts 9 #agac2 & z ! cuts 9 ,croxall's sop 7 probably engrav$ by ! same p]son1 z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$1 x is n unlikely t ,jackson1 z 8 appr5tice1 might h "s %>e 9 _! execution4 ,?\gh ^! cuts 7 mu* sup]ior to any t _h appe>$ 9 ,engl& = ab\t a hundr$ ye>s previ\sly1 wood engrav+ seems to h receiv$ b little enc\ragem5t4 ,probably f want ( employm5t 9 8 own c\ntry1 ,jackson proce$$ to ,p>is1 :]e he rema9$ sev]al ye>s1 *iefly employ$ 9 engrav+ head-pieces & ornam5ts = ! booksell]s4 ,papillon1 :o seems to h borne no good-w t[>ds ,jackson1 ?us speaks ( him 9 ! fir/ volume ( 8 8,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois40 ,footnote ,,vii-#g3 ,two cuts1 ) ! same m>k1 are to be f\nd 9 ,?oresby's ,vic>ia ,leod95sis1 #hvo4 ,london1 #agbd2 "o at ! comm5cem5t ( ! preface1 & ! o!r at ! end ( ! "w4 8,j4 ,jackson1 an ,engli%man1 :o resid$ sev]al ye>s 9 ,p>is1 might h p]fect$ himself 9 wood engrav+1 :i* he _h le>nt ( an ,engli% pa9t]1 z ,i h previ\sly m5tion$1 if he _h be5 will+ to foll[ ! advice :i* x 0 9 my p[] to give him4 ,hav+ call$ on me1 z soon z he arriv$ 9 ,p>is1 to ask = "w1 ,i = sev]al mon?s gave him a few ?+s to execute 9 ord] to af=d him ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,he1 h[ev]1 repaid me ) +ratitude2 he made a duplicate ( a fl[]$ ornam5t ( my draw+1 :i* he (f]$1 be=e deliv]+ to me ! block1 to ! p]son = :om x 0 to be engrav$4 ,f ! reproa*es t ,i receiv$1 on ! matt] be+ discov]$1 ,i naturally decl9$ to employ him any long]4 ,he !n w5t ! r\nd ( ! pr9t+-(fices 9 ,p>is1 & 0 oblig$ to engrave 8 cuts )\t ord]1 & to (f] !m = almo/ no?+2 & _m ( ! pr9t]s1 pr(it+ by 8 di/ress1 suppli$ !mselves amply ) 8 cuts4 ,he _h acquir$ a c]ta9 insipid ta/e :i* 0 n above ! little mosaics on snuff-boxes2 & ) ornam5ts ( ?is k9d1 aft] ! mann] ( sev]al o!r inf]ior engrav]s1 he sur*>g$ 8 works4 ,8 mosaics1 h[ev] delicately engrav$1 are always defici5t 9 effect1 & display ! engrav]'s pati5ce r ?an 8 tal5t2 = ! o!r p>ts ( ! cut1 consi/+ ( delicate l9es )\t t9ts or a gradation ( light & %ade1 want t =ce :i* is necess>y to r5d] ! :ole /rik+4 ,su* wood engrav+s1 h[ev] defici5t 9 ?is respect1 are yet admir$ by pr9t]s ( vulg> ta/e1 :o fooli%ly pret5d t !y mo/ resemble copp]-plates1 & t !y pr9t bett] ?an cuts ( a picturesque "*1 & conta9+ a v>iety ( t9ts4 8,jackson1 be+ oblig$1 ?r\gh de/itution1 to leave ,p>is1 :]e he c\ld get no?+ m to d1 travell$ 9 ,france2 & aft]w>ds1 be+ disgu/$ ) 8 pr(ession1 he accompani$ a pa9t] to ,rome1 f :5ce he w5t to ,v5ice1 :]e1 z ,i am in=m$1 he m>ri$1 & subsequ5tly return$ to ,engl&1 8 native c\ntry40,,vii-#h ,footnote ,,vii-#h3 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 i4 pp4 #cbg1 #cbh4 ,?\gh ,papillon speaks disp>ag+ly ( ,jackson1 ! latt] 0 at lea/ z good an engrav] z himself4 ,jackson appe>s to h visit$ ,p>is n lat] ?an #agbf1 = ,papillon m5tions a vignette & a l>ge lett] engrav$ by him 9 t ye> = a ,lat9 & ,fr5* diction>y1 pr9t$ 9 #agbg by ! bro!rs ,b>b\2 & x is likely t he rema9$ !re till ab\t #agca4 ,9 an ,italian translation ( ! ,lives ( ! ,twelve ,cs>s1 pr9t$ !re 9 qu>to #agch1 !re is a l>ge ornam5tal title-page ( 8 engrav+2 & 9 ! same ye> he engrav$ a *i>o-scuro ( ,*ri/ tak5 d[n f ! cross1 f a pa9t+ by ,rembr&t1,,vii-#i 9 ! possession ( ,joseph ,smi?1 ,esq4 ! ,briti% consul at ,v5ice1 a well-kn[n collector ( pictures & o!r works ( art4 ,betwe5 #agch & #agdb1 :5 resid+ at ,v5ice1 he also engrav$ tw5ty-sev5 l>ge *i>o-scuros1--*iefly aft] pictures by ,titian1 ,g4 ,bassano1 ,t9toret1 & ,p4 ,v]onese1--:i* 7 publi%$ 9 a l>ge folio volume 9 ! latt] ye>4 ,!y are v unequal 9 po9t ( m]it2 "s ( !m appe>+ h>% & crude1 & o!rs flat & spiritless1 :5 comp>$ ) simil> productions ( ! old ,italian wood engrav]s4 ,"o ( ! be/ is ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,pet] ,dom9icanus1 aft] ,titian1 ) ! date #agci2 ! mann] 9 :i* ! foliage ( ! trees is repres5t$ is p>ticul>ly good4 ,on 8 return to ,engl& he seems to h totally ab&on$ ! practice ( wood engrav+ 9 ! ord9>y mann] = ! purpose ( illu/rat+ or ornam5t+ books2 = ,i h n be5 able to discov] any ,engli% wood-cut ( ! p]iod t ei!r conta9s 8 m>k1 or seems1 f its comp>ative excell5ce1 to h be5 ( 8 engrav+4 ,f9d+ no dem& 9 ?is c\ntry = wood-cuts1 he appe>s to h tri$ to r5d] 8 k ( engrav+ 9 *i>o-scuro available = ! purpose ( pr9t+ pap]-hang+s4 ,9 an 8,essay on ! ,inv5tion ( ,engrav+ & ,pr9t+ 9 ,*i>o ,oscuro10,,vii-#aj publi%$ 9 8 "n 9 #aged1 we le>n t he 0 !n engag$ 9 a manufacture ( ?is k9d at ,batt]sea4 ,! acc\nt giv5 9 ?is essay ( ! orig9 & progress ( *i>o-scuro engrav+ is frequ5tly incorrect2 & f sev]al ( ! /atem5ts :i* x conta9s1 x w\ld seem t ! writ] 0 v imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! works ( 8 pr$ecessors & contempor>ies 9 ! same dep>tm5t ( wood engrav+4 ,f ! foll[+ passage1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 ! fif? page1 x is evid5t t ! writ] 0 ei!r ignorant ( :at _h be5 done 9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 & ev5 9 8 own age1 or t he 0 wi%ful to enhance ! m]it ( ,mr4 ,jackson's process by conceal+ :at _h rec5tly be5 done 9 ! same mann] by o!rs4 8,aft] hav+ said all ?is1 x may seem highly improp] to give to ,mr4 ,jackson ! m]it ( inv5t+ ?is art2 b let me be p]mitt$ to say1 t an art recov]$ is less little ?an an art inv5t$4 ,! works ( ! =m] arti/s rema9 inde$2 b ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 done is entirely lo/3 ! inv5t+ !n ! mann] is really due to ?is latt] und]tak]1 s9ce no writ+s1 or o!r rema9s1 are to be f\nd by :i* ! me?od ( =m] arti/s c be discov]$1 or 9 :at mann] !y execut$ _! works2 nor1 9 tru?1 has ! ,italian me?od s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury be5 attempt$ by any "o except ,mr4 ,jackson40 ,:at is "h call$ ! 8,italian me?od10 t is1 ! me?od ( execut+ *i>o-scuros entirely on wood1 0 practis$ 9 ,france at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury3 & ,ni*olas ,le ,sueur _h engrav$ sev]al cuts 9 ?is mann] ab\t #agcj1 ! v "t :5 ,jackson 0 liv+ 9 ,p>is4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! art _h also be5 appli$ 9 ,france to ! execution ( pap]-hang+s upw>ds ( fifty ye>s be=e ,jackson attempt$ to e/abli% ! same k9d ( manufacture 9 ,engl&4 ,n a ^w is said ( ! *i>o-scuros ( ,kirkall1,,vii-#aa f :om x is likely t ,jackson fir/ acquir$ 8 k ( *i>o-scuro engrav+3 ) ! exception ( ! outl9es & "s o!r p>ts 9 ^! *i>o-scuros be+ execut$ 9 mezzot9t1 ! pr9t+ ( ! re/ f wood-blocks is precisely ! same z 9 ! ,italian me?od4 ,footnote ,,vii-#i3 ,?is pa9t+1 :i* is :olly 9 *i>o-scuro1 is n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 to :i* x 0 pres5t$ by ! late ,sir ,george ,beaumont4 ,footnote ,,vii-#aj3 ,! title at l5g? is z foll[s3 8,an ,essay on ! ,inv5tion ( ,engrav+ & ,pr9t+ 9 ,*i>o ,oscuro1 z practis$ by ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,hugo di ,c>pi1 c41 & ! ,application ( x to ! mak+ ,pap] ,hang+s ( ta/e1 duration1 & elegance1 by ,mr4 ,jackson ( ,batt]sea4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,pr9ts 9 prop] col\rs40 #dto4 ,london1 #aged4 ,footnote ,,vii-#aa3 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! m5tion ( ,kirkall's "n is purposely avoid$4 ,! 8attempts0 ( ,c\nt ,caylus1 :o execut$ sev]al *i>o-scuros by means ( copp]-plates & wood-blocks subsequ5t to ,kirkall1 are notic$2 b ! "n ( ,ni*olas ,le ,sueur1 :o assi/$ ! ,c\nt & engrav$ ! wood-blocks1 is nev] m5tion$4 ,x is also /at$ 9 ! ,essay1 page #f1 t "s ( ! subjects begun by ,c\nt ,caylus 7 f9i%$ by ,mr4 ,jackson1 & 8approv$ by ! lov]s & promot]s ( t art 9 ,p>is40 ,! ,essay conta9s eight pr9ts illu/rative ( ,mr4 ,jackson's me?od2 f\r are *i>o-scuros1 & f\r are pr9t$ 9 8prop] col\rs10 z is express$ 9 ! title1 9 imitation ( draw+s4 ,!y are v poorly execut$1 & are v mu* inf]ior to ! *i>o-scuros engrav$ by ,jackson :5 resid+ at ,v5ice4 ,! pr9ts 9 8prop] col\rs0 are egregi\s failures4 ,! foll[+ notices respect+ ,mr4 ,jackson are extract$ f ! ,essay 9 "q4 8,c]ta9ly ,mr4 ,jackson1 ! p]son ( :om we speak1 has n sp5t less "t & pa9s1 appli$ less assiduity1 or travell$ to few] di/ant c\ntries 9 se>* ( p]fect+ 8 art1 ?an o!r m52 hav+ pass$ tw5ty ye>s 9 ,france & ,italy to complete himself 9 draw+ aft] ! be/ ma/]s 9 ! be/ s*ools1 & to see :at antiquity _h mo/ wor?y ! att5tion ( a /ud5t 9 8 p>ticul> pursuits4 ,aft] all ?is "t sp5t 9 p]fect+ himself 9 8 discov]ies1 l a true lov] ( 8 native c\ntry1 he is return$ ) a design to communicate all ! means :i* 8 endeav\rs c contribute to enri* ! l& :]e he drew 8 fir/ brea?1 by add+ to its comm]ce1 & employ+ its inhabitants2 & yet1 l a citiz5 ( x1 he w\ld will+ly enjoy "s little %>e ( ^? advantages be=e he leaves ?is _w1 :i* he mu/ leave beh9d him to 8 c\ntrym5 :5 he %all be no m40 8,dur+ 8 resid5ce at ,v5ice1 :]e he made himself p]fect 9 ! art :i* he pr(esses1 he f9i%$ _m works well kn[n to ! nobility & g5try :o travell$ to t city :il/ he liv$ 9 x4--,mr4 ,fr$]ick1 ,mr4 ,le?uilli]1 & ,mr4 ,smi?1 ! ,engli% consul at ,v5ice1 enc\rag$ ,mr4 ,jackson to und]take to engrave 9 *i>o-oscuro1 blocks aft] ! mo/ capital pictures ( ,titian1 ,t9toret1 ,giacomo ,bassano1 & ,paul ,v]onese1 :i* are to be f\nd 9 ,v5ice1 & to ?is end procur$ him a subscription4 ,9 ?is "w may be se5 :at engrav+ on wood w effectuate1 & h[ truly ! _s & g5ius ( e "o ( ^? celebrat$ ma/]s are pres]v$ 9 ! pr9ts4 8,dur+ 8 execut+ ?is "w he 0 hon\r$ ) ! enc\ragem5t ( ! ,"r ,hon\rable ! ,m>quis ( ,h>t+ton1 ,sir ,rog] ,newdigate1 ,sir ,b\*i] ,wrey1 & o!r ,engli% g5tlem5 on _! travels at ,v5ice1 :o saw ,mr4 ,jackson draw+ on ! blocks = ! pr9t aft] ! fam\s picture ( ! ,crucifixion pa9t$ by ,t9toret 9 ! alb]go ( ,/4 ,ro*e4 ,^? pr9ts may n[ be se5 at 8 h\se at ,batt]sea4--,n cont5t ) hav+ br\ght 8 works 9 *i>o-oscuro to su* p]fection1 he attempt$ to pr9t l&scapes 9 all _! orig9al col\rs2 n only to give to ! _w all ! outl9e light & %ade1 :i* is to be f\nd 9 ! pa9t+s ( ! be/ ma/]s1 b 9 a great degree _! v mann] & ta/e ( col\r+4 ,) ?is int5t he publi%$ six l&scapes1,,vii-#ab :i* are 8 fir/ attempt 9 ?is nature1 9 imitation ( pa9t+ 9 aqu>illo or wat]-col\rs2 :i* "w 0 tak5 notice ( by ! ,e>l ( ,hold]ness1 !n ambassador extraord9>y to ! republic ( ,v5ice2 & 8 excell5cy 0 pleas$ to p]mit ! d$ication ( ^? pr9ts to him1 & to enc\rage ?is new attempt ( pr9t+ pictures ) a v p>ticul> & v fav\rable reg>d1 & to express 8 approbation ( ! m]it ( ! inv5tor40 ,footnote ,,vii-#ab3 ,i h only se5 "o ( ^! l&scapes2 & f x ,i =m no v high op9ion ( ! o!rs4 ,x is sc>cely sup]ior 9 po9t ( execution to ! pr9ts 9 8prop] col\rs0 conta9$ 9 ! ,essay4 ,john ,mi*ael ,papillon1 "o ( ! be/ ,fr5* wood engrav]s ( 8 age1 0 born 9 #afih4 ,8 gr&fa!r & 8 fa!r1 z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$1 7 bo? wood engrav]s4 ,9 #agjf1 :5 only eight ye>s old1 he secretly made 8 fir/ essay 9 wood engrav+2 & :5 only n9e1 8 fa!r1 :o _h become aw>e ( 8 amus+ himself 9 ?is mann]1 gave him a l>ge block to engrave1 :i* he appe>s to h execut$ to 8 fa!r's satisfaction1 ?\gh he _h previ\sly receiv$ no in/ructions 9 ! art4,,vii-#ac ,! block 0 int5d$ = pr9t+ pap]-hang+s1 ! manufacture ( :i* 0 8 fa!r's pr9cipal bus9ess4 ,?\gh until ! "t ( 8 fa!r's dea?1 :i* happ5$ 9 #agbc1 ,papillon appe>s to h be5 *iefly employ$ 9 su* works1 & 9 hang+ ! pap]s :i* he _h previ\sly engrav$1 he yet execut$ sev]al vignettes & ornam5ts = ! booksell]s1 & s$ul\sly endeav\r$ to improve himself 9 ?is high] dep>tm5t ( 8 bus9ess4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ac3 ,papillon1 9 ! ,supplem5t to 8 8,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois10 page #f1 gives a small cut--a copy ( a figure 9 a copp]-plate by ,callot--engrav$ by himself :5 n9e ye>s old4 ,if ! cut be g5u9e1 ! engrav] _h improv$ b little z he grew old]4 ,%ortly aft] ! dea? ( 8 fa!r he m>ri$2 &1 hav+ giv5 up ! bus9ess ( engrav+ pap]-hang+s1 he lab\r$ s h>d to p]fect himself 9 ! art ( design+ & engrav+ vignettes & ornam5ts = books1 t 8 head became affect$2 & he sometimes display$ su* abs5ce ( m9d t 8 wife became al>m$1 fancy+ t 8he no long] lov$ h]40 ,on 8 assur+ h] t 8 behavi\r 0 ! result ( 8 anxiety to improve himself 9 draw+ & engrav+ on wood1 & to write some?+ ab\t ! art1 %e enc\rag$ him 9 8 purpose1 & aid$ him ) h] advice1 =1 z %e 0 ! daught] ( a clev] man1 ,m4 ,*aveau1 a sculptor1 & _h h]self made _m pretty draw+s on fans1 %e _h "s k ( design4 ,papillon's fits ( abs5ce1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y may h be5 proximately induc$ by close application & anxiety ab\t 8 success 9 ! l9e to :i* he int5d$ to apply himself 9 future1 appe> to h orig9at$ 9 a t5d5cy to insanity1 :i* at a lat] p]iod display$ itself 9 a m decid$ mann]4 ,9 #agei1 9 consequ5ce ( a det]m9ation ( blood to ! head1 z he says1 ?r\gh excessive joy at see+ 8 only daught]1 :o _h liv$ f ! age ( f\r ye>s ) h] uncle1 comb9$ ) a recollection ( 8 =m] sorr[s1 8 m9d became s mu* disord]$ t x 0 necess>y to s5d him to an hospital1 :]e1 ?r\gh repeat$ ble$+s & o!r rem$ies1 he seems to h spe$ily recov]$4 ,he m5tions t 9 ! same ye>1 f\r o!r engrav]s 7 attack$ by ! same malady1 & t only "o ( !m rega9$ 8 s5ses4,,vii-#ad ,footnote ,,vii-#ad3 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 ,supplem5t1 tom4 iii4 p4 #ci4 ,9 ! fir/ volume1 page #cce1 he alludes to ! disord] z 8un accid5t et une fatalit commune plusieurs graveurs1 aussi bi5 que moi40 ,has ! practice ( engrav+ on wood or on copp] a t5d5cy to induce insanity8 ,?ree di/+ui%$ engrav]s1 all f ! same t[n1 h 9 rec5t times lo/ _! reason2 & sev]al o!rs1 f v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 h be5 afflict$ ) ! same di/ress+ malady4 ,^! facts des]ve ! consid]ation ( p>5ts :o design to s5d _! sons z pupils to engrav]s4 ,:5 !re is ! lea/ reason to suspect a h]$it>y ta9t ( insanity 9 ! con/itution ( ! y\?1 x p]haps w\ld be safe/ to put him to "s o!r bus9ess or pr(ession :]e close att5tion to m9ute objects is less requir$4 ,papillon's endeav\rs to improve himself 7 n unsuccessful2 ! cuts :i* he engrav$ ab\t #agbd1 ?\gh mo/ly small1 possess consid]able m]it2 !y are n only design$ ) mu* m feel+ ?an ! g5]ality ( ^? execut$ by o!r ,fr5* engrav]s ( ! p]iod1 b are also mu* m effective1 display+ a v>iety ( t9t & a contra/ ( light & %ade :i* are n to be f\nd 9 ! works ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 #agbf1 9 ord] to div]t 8 anxiety & to br+ 8 cuts into notice1 he project$ ,le petit ,almana* de ,p>is1 :i* subsequ5tly 0 g5]ally kn[n z 8,le ,papillon40 ,! fir/ t he publi%$ 0 = ! ye> #agbg2 & ! wood-cuts :i* x conta9$ equally attract$ ! att5tion ( ! public & ( connoisseurs4 ,monsieur ,colombat1 ! editor ( ! ,c\rt ,cal5d>1 spoke highly ( ! cut = ! m\? ( ,janu>y2 ! cross-hat*+s1 he said1 7 execut$ 9 ! fir/ /yle ( wood engrav+1 & he k9dly pr$ict$ to ,papillon t he w\ld "o day excel 9 8 art4 ,f ?is "t he seems to h no long] _h any d\bt ( 8 own abilities1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to h ent]ta9$ a v high op9ion ( !m4 ,he appe>s to h consid]$ wood engrav+ z ! highe/ ( all ! graphic arts1 & himself z ! greate/ ( all its pr(essors1 ei!r anci5t or mod]n4 ,f ?is1 to him1 memorable epo*1--! publication ( 8,le petit ,almana* de ,p>is10 ) cuts by ,,papillon1--he appe>s to h be5 seldom )\t employm5t1 = 9 ! ,supplem5t to ! 8,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois10 he m5tions t 9 #agfh1 ! 8,collection ( ! ,works ( ! ,papillons10 pres5t$ by him to ! ,royal ,libr>y1 conta9$ upw>ds ( five ?\s& pieces ( 8 own engrav+4 ,?is 8,recueil des ,papillons10 :i* he seems to h consid]$ z a family monum5t 8re p]5nius10 is p]petually ref]r$ to 9 ! c\rse ( 8 "w4 ,x consi/$ ( f\r l>ge folio volumes conta9+ specim5s ( wood engrav+s execut$ by ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! ,papillon family = ?ree g5]ations--8 gr&fa!r1 8 fa!r1 8 uncle1 8 bro!r1 & himself4 ,papillon 0 employ$ n only by ! booksell]s ( 8 own c\ntry1 b also by ^? ( ,holl&4 ,a book1 entitl$ 8,hi/oris*e ,s*ool en ,huis-,bybel10 pr9t$ at ,am/]dam 9 #agdc1 conta9s two hundr$ & sev5te5 cuts1 all ( :i* appe> to h be5 ei!r engrav$ by ,papillon himself1 or "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce4 ,8 "n appe>s on sev]al ( !m1 & !y are all engrav$ 9 ! same /yle4 ,f a passage 9 ! d$ication1 x seems likely t !y _h appe>$ 9 a simil> "w pr9t$ at ! same place a few ye>s previ\sly4 ,!y are g5]ally execut$ 9 a co>s] mann] ?an ^? conta9$ 9 ,papillon's own "w1 b ! /yle ( engrav+ & g5]al effect are ! same4 ,! cut on ! next page is a copy ( ! fir/1 :i* is "o ( ! be/ 9 ! "w4 ,to ! left is ,papillon's "n1 engrav$1 z 0 cu/om>y ) him1 9 v small lett]s1 ) ! date1 #agcd4 ,illu/ration ,papillon's ,hi/ory ( ,wood ,engrav+1 publi%$ 9 #agff1 9 two octavo volumes1 ) a ,supplem5t1,,vii-#ae "u ! title ( 8,trait ,hi/orique et ,pratique de la ,gravure en ,bois10 is said to h be5 project$1 & p>tly writt51 upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s be=e x 0 giv5 to ! public4 ,%ortly aft] 8 be+ admitt$ a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 9 #agcc1 he read1 at "o ( ! meet+s1 a pap] on ! hi/ory & practice ( wood engrav+2 & 9 #agce ! ,society signifi$ _! approbation t a "w writt5 by him on ! subject %\ld be pr9t$4 ,x appe>s t ! fir/ volume ( su* a "w 0 actually pr9t$ betwe5 #agcf & #agch1 b nev] publi%$4 ,he does n expla9 :y ! "w 0 n proce$$ ) at t "t2 & x w\ld be useless to speculate on ! possible causes ( ! int]ruption4 ,he m5tions t a copy ( ?is volume 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y2 & he *>ges ,f\rni] ! y\ng]1 :o betwe5 #ageh & #agfa publi%$ ?ree tracts on ! inv5tion ( wood engrav+ & pr9t+1 ) hav+ avail$ himself ( a portion ( ! hi/orical in=mation conta9$ 9 ?is volume4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 accord+ to 8 own /atem5t1 ga9$ by ! delay2 z he grew old] he ga9$ m k ( ! hi/ory ( ! art1 & 8inv5t$0 sev]al important improvem5ts 9 8 practice1 all ( :i* are embodi$ 9 8 lat] "w4 ,9 #ageh he also discov]$ ! memor&a :i* he _h made at ,monsieur ,de ,gr$]'s1 9 #agai or #agbj1 relative to ! int]e/+ tw9s1 ,alex&] ,alb]ic ,cunio & 8 si/] ,isabella1 :o1 ab\t #abhd1 betwe5 ! f\rte5? & sixte5? ye>s ( _! age1 execut$ a s]ies ( wood engrav+s illu/rative ( ! hi/ory ( ,alex&] ! ,great4,,vii-#af ,h[ev] ! read] may be delight$ or amus$ by ! romantic n>rative ( ! ,cunio1 ,papillon's reputation z ! hi/orian ( 8 art w\ld mo/ likely h /ood a little high] _h he nev] discov]$ ^? memor&a4 ,!y h v mu* ! "* ( ill-contriv$ =g]ies2 & ev5 suppos+ t he believ$ !m1 & pr9t$ !m 9 good fai?1 8 judgm5t mu/ be sacrific$ to save 8 hone/y4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ae3 ,! ,supplem5t1 or 8,tome troisime10 z x is also call$1 ?\gh dat$ #agff1 0 n pr9t$ until #agfh1 z is evid5t f a 8,disc\rs ,nuptial10 at page #ig1 pron\nc$ on #ac? ,june #agfh4 ,two ( ! cuts also conta9 ! date #agfh4 ,footnote ,,vii-#af3 ,papillon's acc\nt ( ! ,cunio1 ) an exam9ation ( its cr$ibility1 w be f\nd 9 *apt] i4 pp4 #bf-ci4 ,! fir/ volume ( ,papillon's "w conta9s ! hi/ory ( ! art2 x is divid$ into two p>ts1 ! fir/ treat+ ( wood engrav+ = ! purpose ( pr9t+ 9 ! usual mann] f a s+le block1 & ! second treat+ ( *i>o-scuro4 ,he does n trace ! progress ( ! art by po9t+ out ! improvem5ts introduc$ at diff]5t p]iods2 he enum]ates all ! pr9cipal cuts t he _h se51 )\t ref]5ce to _! execution z comp>$ ) ^? ( an e>li] date2 &1 f 8 desire to enhance ! importance ( 8 art1 he claims almo/ e em95t pa9t] ^: "n or m>k is to be f\nd on a cut1 z a wood engrav]4 ,he is 9 ?is respect s extremely cr$ul\s z to ass]t t ,m>y de ,m$ici1 ,que5 ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( ,france1 _h occasionally amus$ h]self ) engrav+ on wood2 & 9 ord] to place ! fact beyond d\bt he ref]s to a cut repres5t+ ! bu/ ( a female1 ) ! foll[+ inscription3 8,,m>ia ,,m$ici4 ,f4 ,m4,d4,,lxxxvii40 8,! engrav+10 he obs]ves1 ) 8 usual bonhomie1 8is r bett] ?an :at might be reasonably expect$ f a p]son ( su* quality2 x conta9s _m cross-hat*+s1 some:at unequal inde$1 & occasionally imp]fect1 b1 not)/&+1 suffici5tly well engrav$ to %[ t %e _h execut$ sev]al wood-cuts be=e %e _h attempt$ ?is4 ,i "k m ?an "o wood engrav]--or at lea/ call+ himself su*--:o is incapable ( do+ ! l40 ,9 #aehg1 ! date ( ?is cut1 ,m>y de ,m$ici 0 only f\rte5 ye>s old2 & s9ce its execution1 accord+ to ,papillon1 %[s t %e 0 !n no novice 9 ! art1 %e mu/ h acquir$ h] practical k ( wood engrav+ at r an e>ly age1--at lea/ = a pr9cess4 ,papillon nev] seems to h consid]$ t ,f is ! fir/ lett] ( 8,,filia0 z well z ( 8,,fecit10 nor to h suspect$ t ! cut 0 simply a portrait ( ,m>y de ,m$ici1 & n a specim5 ( h] engrav+4 ,f ! foll[+ passage 9 ! preface1 he seems to h be5 aw>e t 8 includ+ ! names ( _m em95t pa9t]s 9 8 li/ ( wood engrav]s w\ld be object$ to4 8,"s p]sons1 :o ent]ta9 a preconceiv$ op9ion t _m pa9t]s :om ,i m5tion h n engrav$ on wood1 may p]haps dispute ! works :i* ,i ascribe to !m4 ,( su* p]sons ,i h to reque/ t !y w n condemn me be=e !y h acqua9t$ !mselves ) my rese>*es & exam9$ my pro(s1 & t !y w judge ( !m )\t prejudice or p>tiality40 ,! 8rese>*es0 to :i* he alludes1 appe> to h consi/$ 9 se>*+ out ! names & m>ks ( em95t pa9t]s 9 old wood-cuts1 & 8 8pro(s0 are ( ! same k9d z t :i* he alleges 9 support ( 8 ass]tion t ,m>y de ,m$ici _h engrav$ on wood1--a fact :i*1 z he rem>ks1 80 unkn[n to ,rub5s40 ,! hi/orical portion ( ,papillon's "w is inde$ little m ?an a confus$ catalogue ( all ! wood-cuts :i* _h come "u 8 obs]vation2 x ab\nds 9 errors1 & almo/ e page af=ds an in/ance ( 8 cr$ulity4 ,9 ! second volume1 :i* is occupi$ ) details relative to ! practice ( ! art1 ,papillon gives 8 in/ructions & enum]ates 8 8inv5tions0 9 a /yle ( complac5t self-conceit4 ,! mo/ trifl+ rem>ks are accompani$ by a ref]5ce to ! 8,recueil des ,papillons20 & ! mo/ obvi\s means ( effect+ c]ta9 objects1--su* means z _h be5 regul>ly adopt$ by wood engrav]s = upw>ds ( two hundr$ ye>s previ\sly1 & su* z 9 succe$+ times h sugge/$ !mselves to p]sons :o nev] receiv$ any in/ructions 9 ! art1--are spok5 ( z important discov]ies1 & cr$it tak5 = !m accord+ly4 ,"o ( 8 fanci$ discov]ies is t ( l[]+ ! surface ( a block t[>ds ! edges 9 ord] t ! engrav$ l9es 9 ^? p>ts may be less subject to ! action ( ! platt9 9 pr9t+1 & consequ5tly light] 9 ! impression4 ,! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 #aech1 af=ds sev]al in/ances ( blocks l[]$ 9 ?is mann]1 n only t[>ds ! edges1 b also 9 ! middle ( ! cut1 :5ev] x 0 necess>y t c]ta9 delicately engrav$ l9es %\ld be lightly pr9t$1 & ?us h ! appe>ance ( gradually dim9i%+ till _! extremities %\ld sc>cely be di/+ui%able f ! pap] on :i* !y are impress$4 ,num]\s in/ances ( ?is practice are frequ5t 9 wood-cuts execut$ f #aedj to ! decl9e ( ! art 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,l[]+ 0 also practis$ by ! engrav] ( ! cuts 9 ,croxall's sop2 by ,?omas ,bewick1 :o acquir$ a k ( wood engrav+ )\t a ma/]2 & by ! self-taught arti/ :o execut$ ! cuts 9 ,alex&]'s ,exp$ition d[n ! ,hydaspes1 a poem by ,dr4 ,?omas ,b$does1 pr9t$ 9 #agib1 b nev] publi%$4,,vii-#ag ,z ! same practice has rec5tly be5 claim$ z an 8inv5tion10 x w\ld seem t "s wood engrav]s are ei!r apt to ascribe mu* importance to little ?+s1 or are s+ul>ly ignorant ( :at has be5 done by _! pr$ecessors4 ,su* an 8inv5tion10 ?\gh unque/ionably useful1 surely does n require any p>ticul> +5uity = its discov]y2 su* 8discov]ies0 e man makes = himself z soon z he feels ! want ( t :i* ! s-call$ inv5tion w supply4 ,! man :o p>es ! cork ( a qu>t bottle 9 ord] to make x fit a small] "o is1 ) equal ju/ice1 entitl$ to ! "n ( an inv5tor1 provid$ he 0 n aw>e ( ! ?+ hav+ be5 done be=e3 su* an 8adaptation ( means to ! end0 _c1 h[ev]1 be consid]$ z an ef=t ( g5ius des]v+ ( public comm5dation4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ag3 ,?is poem 0 privately pr9t$ & nev] publi%$4 ,x 0 writt5 expressly 9 imitation ( ,dr4 ,d>w91 "s ( ^: fri5ds _h cont5d$ t 8 /yle 0 inimitable1 b 7 deceiv$ into a belief t ?is poem 0 writt5 by him1 until ! real au?or av[$ himself4 ,9 ! ,adv]tisem5t prefix$ to x ,dr4 ,b$does speaks ?us ( ! engrav] ( ! cuts3 8,! engrav+s 9 ! foll[+ pages w be prais$ or excus$ :5 x is kn[n t !y are ! p]=mance ( an un$ucat$ & un9/ruct$ arti/1 if su* an application be n a pr(anation ( ! t]m1 9 a remote village4 ,all ! assi/ance he receiv$ 0 f ! example ( ,mr4 ,bewick's mo/ ma/]ly engrav+s on wood40 ,! "n ( ?is self-taught arti/ 0 ,edw>d ,dyas1 :o 0 p>i%-cl]k at ,madeley1 ,%rop%ire1 :]e ! book 0 pr9t$4 ,! compositor1 z is /at$ 9 ! same ,adv]tisem5t1 0 a "y woman4--,see ,biblio!ca ,p>riana1 p4 #eac4 ,9 ,papillon's "t x 0 n cu/om>y ) ,fr5* engrav]s on wood to h ! subject p]fectly drawn on ! block1 ) all ! l9es & hat*+s p5cill$ 91 & ! effect & ! diff]5t t9ts indicat$ ei!r 9 p5cil or 9 ,indian ink1 z is ! usual practice 9 ! pres5t day4 ,! design 0 fir/ drawn on pap]2 f ?is1 by means ( trac+ pap]1 ! engrav] made an outl9e copy on ! block2 &1 )\t p5cill+ 9 all ! l9es or wa%+ 9 ! t9ts1 he proce$$ to 8translate0 ! orig9al1 to :i* he con/antly ref]r$ 9 ! progress ( 8 "w1 9 ! same mann] z a copp]-plate engrav] does to ! draw+ or pa9t+ be=e him4 ,papillon p]ceiv$ ! disadvantages :i* result$ f ?is mode ( proce$+2 & ?\gh he /ill cont9u$ to make 8 fir/ draw+ on pap]1 he copi$ x m c>efully & di/9ctly on ! block ?an 0 usual ) 8 contempor>ies4 ,he 0 ?us enabl$ to proce$ ) great] c]ta9ty 9 8 engrav+2 :at he _h to effect 0 imm$iately be=e him1 & x 0 no long] necess>y to ref] s frequ5tly to ! orig9al4 ,to ! circum/ance ( ! draw+s be+ p]fectly made on ! block1 ,papillon ascribes 9 a great measure ! excell5ce ( ! old wood engrav+s ( ! "t ( ,dur] & ,holbe94 ,papillon1 al?\gh always incl9$ to magnify little ?+s connect$ ) wood engrav+1 & to take great cr$it to himself = trifl+ 8inv5tions10 0 yet ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! practice ( 8 art4 ,! mode ( ?ick5+ ! l9es 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( a cut1 aft] x has be5 engrav$1 by scrap+ !m d[n1 0 frequ5tly practis$ by him1 & he expla9s ! mann] ( proce$+1 & gives a cut ( ! tools requir$ 9 ! op]ation4,,vii-#ah ,z ,papillon1 previ\s to ! publication ( 8 book1 _h contribut$ sev]al pap]s on ! subject ( wood engrav+ to ! fam$ ,encyclopdie1 he avails himself ( ! second volume ( ! ,trait to propose sev]al additions & corrections to ^? articles4 ,! foll[+ def9ition propos$ to be ins]t$ 9 ! ,encyclopdie1 aft] ! article ,,gratuit1 w af=d "s idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* he is accu/om$ to speak ( 8 8inv5tions40 ,! t]m :i* he expla9s is 8,,gratture ou ,,grattage10 lit]ally1 8,,scrap+10 ! practice j allud$ to4 8,?is is1 accord+ to ! new mann] ( engrav+ on wood1 ! op]ation ( skilfully & c>efully scrap+ d[n p>ts 9 an engrav$ block :i* are n suffici5tly d>k1 9 ord] to give !m1 z may be requir$1 great] /r5g?1 & to r5d] ! %ades m effective4 ,?is admirable plan1 utt]ly unkn[n be=e1 0 accid5tally discov]$ 9 #agca by ,m4 ,papillon1 by :om ! art ( wood engrav+ is advanc$ to a /ate t5d+ to p]fection1 & approa*+ m & m t[>ds ! beauty ( engrav+ on copp]40 ,! tools us$ by ,papillon to scrape d[n ! l9es ( an engrav$ block1 & ?us r5d] !m ?ick] &1 consequ5tly1 ! impression d>k]1 diff] consid]ably 9 %ape f ^? us$ = ! same purpose by mod]n wood engrav]s 9 ,engl&4 ,?is tool n[ pr9cipally us$ is some?+ l a copp]-plate engrav]'s burni%]1 & occasionally a f9e & %>p file is employ$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ah3 8,manire de ,gratt] les tailles dj graves p\r les r5dre plus =tes1 af9 de les faire ombr] davantage40--,supplm5t du ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 p4 #ej4 ,9 ,papillon's "t ! ,fr5* wood engrav]s appe> to h held ! grav] 9 ! mann] ( a p51 & 9 =m+ a l9e to h cut t[>ds !m z 9 =m+ a d[n-/roke 9 writ+1 & to h engrav$ on ! longitud9al1 & n ! cross section ( ! wood4 ,mod]n ,engli% wood engrav]s1 hav+ ! r\nd$ h&le ( ! grav] support$ aga9/ ! holl[ ( ! h&1 & direct+ ! blade by means ( ! =e-f+] & ?umb1 cut ! l9e f !m2 & always engrave on ! cross section ( ! wood4 ,papillon m5tions box1 pe>-tree1 apple-tree1 & ! wood ( ! s]vice-tree1 z ! be/ = ! purposes ( engrav+3 box 0 g5]ally us$ = ! small] & f9] cuts int5d$ = ! illu/ration or ornam5t ( books2 ! l>g] cuts1 9 :i* delicacy 0 n requir$1 7 mo/ly engrav$ on pe>-tree wood4 ,apple-tree wood 0 pr9cipally us$ by ! wood engrav]s ( ,norm&y4 ,next to box1 ,papillon pref]s ! wood ( ! s]vice-tree4 ,! box br\ght f ,turkey1 ?\gh ( l>g] size1 he consid]s inf]ior to t ( ,prov5ce1 ,italy1 or ,spa94 ,al?\gh ,papillon's modus op]&i diff]s consid]ably f t ( ,engli% wood engrav]s ( ! pres5t day1 ,i am n aw>e ( any suppos$ discov]y 9 ! mod]n practice ( ! art t 0 n kn[n to him4 ,! me?ods ( l[]+ a block 9 c]ta9 p>ts be=e draw+ ! subject on x1 & ( ?ick5+ ! l9es1 & ?us gett+ m col\r1 by scrap+ ! surface ( ! cut :5 engrav$1 71 z has be5 obs]v$1 kn[n to him2 he occasionally introduc$ cross-hat*+s 9 8 cuts2,,vii-#ai & 9 "o ( 8 *apt]s he gives in/ructions h[ to ins]t a plug 9 a block1 9 ord] to replace a "p :i* _h ei!r be5 spoil$ 9 ! c\rse ( engrav+ or subsequ5tly damag$4 ,"o ( ! improvem5ts :i* he sugge/$1 b did n put 9 practice1 0 a plan = engrav+ ! same subject on two1 ?ree1 or f\r blocks1 9 ord] to obta9 cross-hat*+s & a v>iety ( t9ts ) less tr\ble ?an if ! subject 7 entirely engrav$ on ! same block4 ,su* cuts 7 n to be pr9t$ z *i>o-scuros1 b 9 ! usual mann]1 ) pr9t]'s ink4 ,x is wor?y ( obs]vation t ,bewick 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 life _h =m$ a simil> op9ion ( ! advantages ( engrav+ a subject on two or m blocks1 & ?us obta9+ ) comp>ative ease su* cross-l9es & v>i$ t9ts z c\ld only be execut$ ) great difficulty on a s+le block4 ,he1 h[ev]1 proce$$ fur!r ?an ,papillon1 = he began to engrave a l>ge cut :i* he int5d$ to f9i% 9 ?is mann]2 & he 0 s satisfi$ t ! exp]im5t w\ld be successful1 t :5 ! pressman h&$ to him a pro( ( ! fir/ block1 he exclaim$1 8,i wi% ,i 0 b tw5ty ye>s y\ng]60 ,footnote ,,vii-#ai3 ,sev]al cuts 9 :i* cross-hat*+ is introduc$ occur 9 ! 8,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois20 & ! au?or ref]s to sev]al o!rs 9 ! 8,recueil des ,papillons0 z display+ ! same k9d ( "w4 ,he consid]s ! execution ( su* hat*+s z ! te/ ( excell5ce 9 wood engrav+2 8=10 he obs]ves1 8:5 a p]son has le>nt to execute !m he may boa/ ( hav+ ma/]$ "o ( ! mo/ difficult p>ts ( ! art1 & may ju/ly assume ! "n ( a wood engrav]40--,tom4 ii4 p4 #ij4 ,papillon1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! practice ( ! art1 expla9s ! mann] ( engrav+ & pr9t+ *i>o-scuros2 & 9 illu/ration ( ! process he gives a cut execut$ 9 ?is /yle1 toge!r ) sep>ate impressions f ea* ( ! f\r blocks f :i* x is pr9t$4 ,!re is also ano!r cut ( ! same k9d prefix$ to ! second "p ( ! fir/ volume1 conta9+ ! hi/ory ( engrav+ 9 *i>o-scuro4 ,sc>cely any?+ connect$ ) ! practice ( wood engrav+ appe>s to h escap$ 8 notice4 ,he m5tions ! effect ( ! brea? 9 cold wea!r z r5d]+ ! block damp & ! draw+ less di/9ct2 & he gives 9 "o ( 8 cuts ! figure ( a 8m5tonnire10--t is to say1 a piece ( quilt$ l951 l ! pad us$ by wom5 to keep _! bonnets cock$ up1--:i*1 be+ plac$ be=e ! m\? & no/rils1 & kept 9 its place by /r+s ti$ beh9d ! head1 scre5$ ! block f ! direct action ( ! engrav]'s brea?4 ,he frequ5tly compla9s ( ! c>eless mann] 9 :i* wood-cuts 7 pr9t$2,,vii-#bj b f ! foll[+ passage we le>n t ! inf]iority ( ! pr9t$ cuts :5 comp>$ ) ! engrav]'s pro(s did n always proce$ f ! neglig5ce ( ! pr9t]4 8,"s wood engrav]s h ! art ( fabricat+ pro(s ( _! cuts mu* m excell5t & delicate ?an !y fairly ought to be2 & ! foll[+ is ! mann] 9 :i* !y contrive to obta9 tol]ably dec5t pro(s f v indiff]5t engrav+s4 ,!y fir/ take two or ?ree impressions1 & !n1 to obta9 "o to _! lik+1 & ) :i* !y may deceive _! employ]s1 !y only ink ! block on ^? places :i* ought to be d>k1 leav+ ! di/ances & light] p>ts )\t any ink1 except :at rema9$ aft] tak+ ! previ\s impressions4 ,! pro( :i* !y n[ obta9 appe>s extremely delicate 9 ^? p>ts :i* 7 n prop]ly ink$2 b :5 !y come to be pr9t$ 9 a page ) type1 ! impression is q diff]5t f ! pro( :i* ! engrav] deliv]s ) ! blocks2 !re is no v>iety ( t9t1 all is h>d1 & ! di/ance is sometimes d>k] ?an objects 9 ! =e-gr\nd4 ,i run no great risk 9 say+ t all ! ?ree ,le ,sueurs h be5 accu/om$ to practise ?is deception40,,vii-#ba ,footnote ,,vii-#bj3 ,he compla9s 9 ano!r "p ( ! "w t _m pr9t]s1 bo? compositors & pressm51 by pret5d+ to engrave on wood1 _h br\ght ! art into disrepute4 ,!y n only spoil$ ! "w ( regul> engrav]s1 b d>$ to engrave wood-cuts !mselves4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ba3 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois1 tom4 ii4 p4 #cfe4 ,all ! cuts 9 ,papillon's "w1 except ! portrait prefix$ to ! fir/ volume1,,vii-#bb are 8 own engrav+1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 f 8 own designs4 ,! mo/ ( ! blocks 7 l5t to ! au?or by ! diff]5t p]sons = :om he _h engrav$ !m long previ\s to ! appe>ance ( 8 "w4,,vii-#bc ,!y are introduc$ z ornam5ts at ! beg9n+ & end ( ! *apt]s2 b ?\gh !y may enable ! read] to judge ( ,papillon's abilities z a design] & engrav] on wood1 beyond ?is !y d n 9 ! lea/ illu/rate ! progress ( ! art4 ,! execution ( "s ( ! be/ is extremely neat2 & almo/ all ( !m display an effect--a contra/ ( black & :ite--:i* is n to be f\nd 9 any o!r wood-cuts ( ! p]iod4 ,a few ( ! designs possess consid]able m]it1 b 9 by f> ! great] numb] simplicity & tru? are sacrific$ to ornam5t & ,fr5* ta/e4 ,:atev] may be ,papillon's faults z a hi/orian ( ! art1 he des]ves great cr$it = ! dilig5ce ) :i* he pursu$ x "u unfav\rable circum/ances1 & = 8 endeav\rs to br+ x into notice at a "t :5 x 0 greatly neglect$4 ,8 lab\rs 9 ?is respect 71 h[ev]1 att5d$ ) no imm$iate fruit4 ,he di$ 9 #aggf1 & 8 imm$iate successors d n appe> to h pr(it$ by 8 in/ructions4 ,! wood-cuts execut$ 9 ,france betwe5 #aggf & #ahae are g5]ally mu* inf]ior to ^? ( ,papillon2 & ! rec5t progress :i* wood engrav+ has made 9 t c\ntry seems r to h be5 influ5c$ by ,engli% example ?an by 8 precepts4 ,footnote ,,vii-#bb3 ,! portrait 0 engrav$ 89 v5]ationis te/imonium10 & pres5t$ to ,papillon by ,ni*olas ,c>on1 a booksell] & wood engrav] ( ,besanon4 ,! foll[+ complim5t>y v]ses are engrav$ bel[ ! portrait3 8,tu vois ici les traits d'un ,arti/e fameux ,dont la savante ma9 enfanta des m]veilles2 ,p> ses travaux et p> ses veilles ,il resuscita l',art qui le trace tes yeux40 ,papillon speaks fav\rably ( ,c>on z a wood engrav]2 he says t 8he is mu* sup]ior to ,ni\l1 ,jackson1 ,contat1 ,lefevre1 & o!rs 8 contempor>ies1 & w\ld at lea/ h equall$ ! ,le ,sueurs _h he appli$ himself to draw+ ! figure40 ,footnote ,,vii-#bc3 ,f sev]al ( ^? blocks n less ?an sixty ?\s& impressions _h be5 previ\sly tak51 & f "o ( !m f\r hundr$ & fifty-six ?\s& _h be5 pr9t$4 ,ni*olas ,le ,sueur--born #afia1 di$ #agfd1--01 next to ,papillon1 ! be/ ,fr5* wood engrav] ( 8 "t4 ,8 *i>o-scuros1 pr9t$ entirely f wood-blocks1 are execut$ ) great boldness & _s1 & p>take m ( ! "* ( ! e>li] ,italian *i>o-scuros ?an any o!r works ( ! same k9d engrav$ by 8 contempor>ies4,,vii-#bd ,he *iefly excell$ 9 ! execution ( *i>o-scuros & l>ge cuts2 8 small cuts are ( v ord9>y "*2 !y are g5]ally engrav$ 9 a h>d & meagre /yle1 want v>iety ( t9t1 & are defici5t 9 effect4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vii-#bd3 ,9 ! *i>o-scuros f orig9al draw+s 9 ! collection ( ,monsieur ,crozat1 ) ! figures et*$ by ,c\nt ,caylus1 ! wood-blocks f :i* ! sepia-col\r$ t9ts 7 pr9t$ 7 engrav$ by ,ni*olas ,le ,sueur4--,ab\t ! same p]iod ,ar?ur ,pond & ,george ,knapton 9 ,engl&1 & ,c\nt ,m4 ,a4 ,zanetti 9 ,italy1 execut$ 9 ! same mann] sev]al *i>o-scuros 9 imitation ( draw+s & sket*es by em95t pa9t]s4 ,! ta/e = *i>o-scuros seems to h be5 reviv$ 9 ,france by ! ,reg5t-,duke ( ,orleans1 :o decl>$ t ,ugo da ,c>pi's *i>o-scuros af=d$ him m pleasure ?an any o!r k9d ( pr9ts4 ,p4 ,s4 ,f\rni]1 ! y\ng]1 a lett]-f\nd] ( consid]able reputation1--born at ,p>is #agab1 di$ #agfh1--occasionally engrav$ on wood4 ,papillon says t he 0 self-taught2 & t he c]ta9ly w\ld h made great] progress 9 ! art _h he n devot$ himself almo/ exclusively to ! bus9ess ( type-f\nd+4 ,monsieur ,f\rni] is1 h[ev]1 bett] kn[n z a writ] on ! hi/ory ( ! art ?an z a practical wood engrav]4 ,betwe5 #ageh & #agfa he publi%$ ?ree tracts relat+ to ! orig9 & progress ( wood engrav+1 & ! inv5tion ( typography4,,vii-#be ,f ^! works x is evid5t t1 ?\gh he takes no small cr$it to himself = 8 practical k ( wood engrav+ & pr9t+1 he 0 v imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) 8 subject4 ,!y ab\nd 9 errors :i* x is impossible t any p]son possess+ ! k he boa/s ( %\ld commit1 unless he _h v sup]ficially exam9$ ! books & cuts on :i* he pron\nces an op9ion4 ,he seems inde$ to h ?\ght t1 f ! circum/ance ( 8 be+ a wood engrav] & lett]-f\nd]1 8 decisions on all d\btful matt]s 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( wood engrav+ & pr9t+ %\ld be receiv$ ) implicit fai?4 ,look+ at ! comp>atively small size ( 8 works1 no writ]1 n ev5 ,papillon himself1 has committ$ s _m mi/akes2 & 8 decisions are g5]ally mo/ p]emptory :5 utt]ly gr\ndless or evid5tly wrong4 ,he ass]ts t ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt]1 #adeg-adei1 is pr9t$ f moveable types ( wood1 & t ! mo/ ( ! e>lie/ specim5s ( typography are pr9t$ f ! same k9d ( types2 & 9 ! fulness ( 8 k he also decl>es t ! text ( ! ,!urdank is pr9t$ n f types1 b f engrav$ wood-blocks4 ,l ,papillon1 he seems to h possess$ a m>vell\s sagacity 9 f]ret+ out old wood engrav]s4 ,he says t ,&rea ,mantegna engrav$ on wood a gr& triumph 9 #adhf2 t ,seba/ian ,br&t engrav$ 9 #adij ! wood-cuts 9 ! ,%ip ( ,fools1,,vii-#bf aft] ! designs ( ,j4 ,lo*]2 & t ,p>megiano execut$ sev]al wood-cuts aft] designs by ,raffaele4 ,he decides positively t ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,lucas ,crana*1 ,titian1 & ,holbe9 7 wood engrav]s1 &1 l ,papillon1 he includes ,m>y de ,m$ici 9 ! li/4 ,papillon appe>s to h _h good reason to compla9 t ,f\rni] _h avail$ himself ( 8 volume pr9t$ 9 #agch4 ,8 ta/e appe>s to h be5 sc>cely sup]ior to 8 k & judgm5t3 he m5tions a l>ge & co>sely engrav$ cut ( ! head ( ,*ri/ z "o ( ! be/ specim5s ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s engrav+2 & he says t ,papillon's cuts are = excell5ce ( design & execution equal to ^? ( ! greate/ ma/]s6 ,footnote ,,vii-#be3 ,! foll[+ are ! titles ( ^? tracts1 :i* are r sc>ce4 ,!y are all ( small octavo size1 & pr9t$ by ,j4 ,b>b\4 #a4 ,diss]tation sur l',orig9e et les ,progrs de l',art de ,grav] en ,bois1 p\r claircir quelques traits de l',hi/oire de l',imprim]ie1 et pr\v] que ,guttemb]g n'en e/ pas l',inv5teur4 ,p> ,mr4 ,f\rni] le ,jeune1 ,graveur et ,fondeur de ,c>actres d',imprim]ie1 #ageh4 #b4 ,de l',orig9e et des productions de l',imprim]ie primitive en taille en ,bois1 #agei4 #c4 ,rem>ques sur un ,ouvrage intitul1 ,lettre sur l',orig9e de l',imprim]ie1 c4 #agfa4 ,?is la/ 0 an answ] to a lett] writt5 by ,m4 ,br1 almon] ( ! ,sw$i% *apel 9 ,p>is1 9 :i* ! two =m] tracts ( ,f\rni] 7 sev]ely criticis$4--,f\rni] 0 also ! au?or ( a "w 9 two small volumes1 entitl$ 8,manuel ,typographique1 utile aux ,g5s de lettres1 et ceux qui ex]c5t les diff]5tes p>ties de l',art de l',imprim]ie40 ,footnote ,,vii-#bf3 ,! cut "h introduc$ is ! fir/ 9 ! ,/ultif]a ,navis1 or 8,%ip ( ,fools10 & is copi$ f ,pyason's edition ( #aeji4 ,! foll[+ l9es accompany x3 8----?is is my mynde1 ?is "o pleas\re h ,i1 ,( bokes to h great pl5ty & ap>ayle4 ,i take no wysdome by !m2 nor yet avayle ,nor !m p]ceyve n3 ,& !n ,i !m despyse4 ,?us am ,i a foole & all t s]ve t guyse40 ,f a passage 9 "o ( ,f\rni]'s tracts--,rem>ques ,typographiques1 #agfa1--;x is evid5t t wood engrav+ 0 !n greatly neglect$ 9 ,g]many4 ,x relates to ! foll[+ obs]vation ( ,m4 ,br's1 almon] ( ! ,sw$i% *apel at ,p>is1 on ! l5g? ( "t necess>y to engrave a numb] ( wood5 types suffici5t to pr9t su* a "w z ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt]3 8,m4 ,s*pfl9 decl>es t1 by ! g5]al admission ( all exp]i5c$ p]sons1 x w\ld require upw>ds ( six ye>s to complete su* a "w 9 s p]fect a mann]40 ,! foll[+ is ,f\rni]'s rejo9d]3 8,to und]/& ! value ( ?is rem>k1 x ought to be kn[n t1 s f> f !re be+ _m exp]i5c$ wood engrav]s to *oose f1 ,m4 ,s*pfl9 w\ld mo/ likely exp]i5ce "s difficulty 9 f9d+ "o to consult40 ,! wood-cuts :i* occur 9 ,g]man books pr9t$ betwe5 #agjj & #agfj are c]ta9ly ( ! mo/ wret*$ k9d2 contemptible alike 9 design & execution4 ,"s ( ! be/ :i* ,i h se5--& !y are v bad--are to be f\nd 9 a ?9 folio entitl$ 8,orbis ,lit]atus ,g]manico-,europaeus10 pr9t$ at ,frank=t 9 #agcg4 ,!y are cuts ( ! seals ( all ! pr9cipal colleges & academical f\ndations 9 ,g]many4 ,! art 9 ,italy ab\t ! same p]iod 0 almo/ equally neglect$4 ,an ,italian wood engrav]1 nam$ ,luc*es9i1 execut$ sev]al cuts betwe5 #agfj & #aggj4 ,mo/ ( ! head-pieces & ornam5ts 9 ! ,popes' ,decretals1 pr9t$ at ,rome at ?is p]iod1 7 engrav$ by him2 & he also engrav$ ! cuts 9 a ,spani% book entitl$ 8,letania ,lauretana de la ,virg5 ,santissima10 pr9t$ at ,val5cia 9 #agfh4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say t ^! cuts are ( ! humble/ "*4 ,?\gh wood engrav+ did n make any progress 9 ,engl& f #agbb to ! "t ( ,?omas ,bewick1 yet ! art 0 c]ta9ly nev] lo/ 9 ?is c\ntry2 ! old /ock /ill cont9u$ to put =? a bran*--non deficit alt]--al?\gh n a gold5 "o4 ,two wood-cuts tol]ably well execut$1 & :i* %[ t ! engrav] 0 acqua9t$ ) ! practice ( 8l[]+10 occur 9 a ?9 qu>to1 ,london1 pr9t$ = ,h4 ,payne1 #agfj4 ,! book & ! cuts are ?us notic$ 9 ,s\!y's ,life ( ,c[p]1 volume ,i4 page #ej4 ,! writ] is speak+ ( ! ,nons5se ,club1 ( :i* ,c[p] 0 a memb]4 8,at ^? meet+s ( ,je/ & y\?ful ,jollity1 ,sport t wr9kl$ ,c>e d]ides1 ,& ,laught] hold+ bo? 8 sides1 !re c be little d\bt t ! two odes to ,obscurity & ,oblivion orig9at$1 jo9t compositions ( ,lloyd & ,colman1 9 ridicule ( ,gray & ,mason4 ,!y 7 publi%$ 9 a qu>to pamphlet1 ) a vignette1 9 ! title-page1 ( an anci5t poet safely seat$ & play+ on 8 h>p2 & at ! end a tail-piece repres5t+ a mod]n poet 9 huge boots1 flung f a m\nta9 by 8 ,pegasus into ! sea1 & los+ 8 tie-wig 9 ! fall40 ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( ! cut repres5t+ ! poet's fall4 ,he seems to h be5 tol]ably confid5t ( himself1 =1 ?\gh ! w+$ /e$ has no bridle1 he is provid$ ) a pair ( =midable spurs4 ,illu/ration ,! cuts 9 a collection ( humor\s pieces 9 v]se1 entitl$ 8,! ,ox=d ,sausage10 #agfd1 are evid5tly by ! same engrav]1 & almo/ e "o ( !m af=ds an in/ance ( 8l[]+40 ,at ! foot ( "o ( !m1 at page #hi1 ! "n 8,li/]0 is se52 ! subject is a bac*analian figure m\nt$ on a w+$ horse1 :i* has und\bt$ly be5 drawn f ! same model z ! ,pegasus 9 ,colman & ,lloyd's burlesque odes4 ,9 an edition ( ! ,sausage1 pr9t$ 9 #aggb1 ! "n ( 8,t4 ,li/]0 occurs on ! title-page z "o ( ! publi%]s1 & z resid+ at ,ox=d4 ,al?\gh ^? cuts are g5]ally defici5t 9 effect1 _! execution is sc>cely inf]ior to _m ( ^? 9 ! "w ( ,papillon2 ! portrait inde$ ( 8,mrs4 ,doro?y ,spreadbury1 ,inv5tress ( ! ,ox=d ,sausage10 =m+ ! frontispiece to ! edition ( #aggb1 is bett] execut$ ?an ,monsieur ,ni*olas ,c>on's votive portrait ( ,papillon1 8! re/or] ( ! art ( wood engrav+40 ,9 #agfc1 a p]son nam$ ,s4 ,watts engrav$ two or ?ree l>ge wood-cuts 9 outl9e1 slightly %ad$1 aft] draw+s by ,luca ,cambiaso4 ,impressions ( ^? cuts are mo/ frequ5tly pr9t$ 9 a yell[i% k9d ( ink4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,watts also engrav$1 9 a bold & free /yle1 sev]al small circul> portraits ( pa9t]s4 ,9 ,sir ,john ,hawk9s's ,hi/ory ( ,music1 publi%$ 9 #aggf1 !re are f\r wood-cuts2 & at ! bottom ( ! l>ge/--,pale/r9i pres5t+ 8 "w on ,music to ! ,pope--is ! "n ( ! engrav] ?us3 ,t4 ,hodgson4 ,sculp4 ,dr4 ,dibd91 9 notic+ ?is cut1 9 8 ,prelim9>y ,disquisition on ,e>ly ,engrav+ & ,ornam5tal ,pr9t+1 prefix$ to 8 edition ( ! ,typographical ,antiquities1 says t x 0 8done by ,hodgson1 ! ma/] ( ! celebrat$ ,bewick40,,vii-#bg ,if by ?is x is meant t ,bewick 0 ! appr5tice ( ,hodgson1 or t he obta9$ f ,hodgson 8 k ( wood engrav+1 ! ass]tion is incorrect4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 almo/ c]ta9 t ,bewick1 :5 9 ,london 9 #aggf1 0 employ$ by ,hodgson1 z w be %[n 9 its prop] place4 ,footnote ,,vii-#bg3 ,dr4 ,dibd9 adds3 8,mr4 ,d\ce in=ms me t ,sir ,john ,hawk9s told him ( ! arti/'s obta9+ ! prize = x f ! ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,arts40 ,hav+ n[ giv5 "s acc\nt ( wood engrav+ 9 its langui%+ /ate--occasionally %[+ symptoms ( return+ vig\r1 & !n almo/ imm$iately s9k+ into its =m] /ate ( depression--we at l5g? arrive at an epo* f :i* its revival & progressive improvem5t may be safely dat$4 ,! p]son ^: productions recall$ public att5tion to ! neglect$ art ( wood engrav+ 0 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,bewick ,?is di/+ui%$ wood engrav]1 ^: works w be admir$ z long z tru? & nature %all cont9ue to *>m1 0 born on ! #aj? or #aa? ( ,augu/1 #agec1 at ,*]ry-burn1 9 ! c\nty ( ,nor?umb]l&1 b on ! s\? side ( ! ,tyne1 ab\t twelve miles we/w>d ( ,newca/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,h\se ,,9 ,,:i* ,,bewick ,,0 ,,born4 ,8 fa!r r5t$ a small l&-sale colli]y at ,mickley-bank1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( 8 dwell+1 & x is said t :5 a boy ! future wood engrav] sometimes work$ 9 ! pit4 ,at a prop] age he 0 s5t z a day-s*ol> to a s*ool kept by ! ,rev4 ,*ri/oph] ,gregson at ,ov+ham1 on ! opposite side ( ! ,tyne4 ,! ,p>sonage ,h\se1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,gregson liv$1 is pleasantly situat$ on ! edge ( a slop+ bank imm$iately above ! riv]2 & _m rem9isc5ces ( ! place are to be f\nd 9 ,bewick's cuts2 ! gate at ! entrance is introduc$1 ) trifl+ v>iations1 9 ?ree or f\r diff]5t subjects2 & a p]son acqua9t$ ) ! neighb\rhood w easily recognise 9 8 tail-pieces sev]al o!r little local sket*es ( a simil> k9d4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,rev4 ,james ,birkett1 ,mr4 ,gregson's successor1 ,ov+ham s*ool _h ! "* ( be+ "o ( ! be/ private s*ools 9 ! c\nty2 & sev]al g5tlem51 ^: tal5ts reflect cr$it on _! tea*]1 receiv$ _! education !re4 ,9 ! foll[+ cut1 repres5t+ a view ( ,ov+ham f ! s\?-we/w>d1 ! ,p>sonage ,h\se1 ) its g>d5 slop+ d[n to ! ,tyne1 is p]ceiv$ imm$iately to ! "r ( ! clump ( l>ge trees4 ,! bank on :i* ^? trees gr[ is kn[n z ! cr[-tree bank4 ,! foll[+ l9es1 descriptive ( a view f ! ,p>sonage ,h\se1 are f 8,! ,s*ool ,boy10 a poem1 by ,?omas ,maude1 ,a4,m41 :o receiv$ 8 e>ly education at ,ov+ham "u ,mr4 ,birkett4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>sonage ,,at ,,ov+ham4 8,b c ,i s+ ?y simpl] pleasures fl[n1 ,lov$ ,,ov+ham6 & leave ! *ief unkn[n1-- ,?y annual ,fair1 ( e joy ! m>t1 ,t dra9$ my pocket1 ay1 & took my *ildi% he>t8 ,ble/ morn6 h[ lightly f my b$ ,i sprung1 ,:5 9 ! blu%+ ea/ ?y beams 7 "y2 ,:ile e bli! co-t5ant ( ! room ,rose at a call1 ) *eeks ( livelie/ bloom4 ,!n f ea* well-pack$ draw] our ve/s we drew1 ,ea* gay-frill$ %irt1 & jacket sm>tly new4 ,brief toilet ours6 yet1 on a morn l ?is1 ,five extra m9utes 7 n deem$ amiss4 ,fl+ back ! casem5t6--,sun1 propiti\s %9e6 ,h[ sweet y\r beams gild ! cle>-fl[+ ,tyne1 ,t w9ds b5ea? our ma/]'s g>d5-brae1 ,) broad bright mazes o'er its pebbly way4 ,see ,prudhoe6 lovely 9 ! morn+ beam3-- ,m>k1 m>k1 ! f]ry-boat1 ) tw9kl+ gleam1 ,waft+ fair-go+ folks across ! /ream4 ,look out6 a b$ ( sweetness brea!s bel[1 ,:]e _m a rocket po9ts its spire ( sn[2 ,& f ! ,cr[-tree ,bank ! caw+ s\nd ,( sable troops incessant p\r$ ar\nd6 ,well may ea* little bosom ?rob ) joy6 ,on su* a morn1 :o w\ld n be a boy80 ,bewick's s*ool acquirem5ts probably did n ext5d beyond ,engli% read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic2 =1 ?\gh he knew a little ,lat91 he does n appe> to h ev] receiv$ any in/ructions 9 t language4 ,9 a lett] dat$ #ah? ,april1 #ahjc1 address$ to ,mr4 ,*ri/oph] ,gregson1,,vii-#bh ,london1 a son ( 8 old ma/]1 introduc+ an arti/ ( ! "n ( ,murphy1 :o _h pa9t$ 8 portrait1 ,bewick humor\sly alludes to 8 beauty :5 a boy1 & to ! /ate ( 8 coat-sleeve1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 us+ x in/ead ( a pocket-h&k]*ief4 ,bewick1 x is to be obs]v$1 0 v h>d-featur$1 & mu* m>k$ ) ! small-pox4 ,aft] m5tion+ ,mr4 ,murphy z 8a man ( wor?1 & a fir/-rate arti/ 9 ! m9iature l9e10 he ?us proce$s3 8,i d n imag9e1 at y\r "t ( life1 my de> fri5d1 t y w be solicit\s ab\t =m+ new acqua9tances2 b x may n1 p]haps1 be putt+ y mu* out ( ! way to %[ any little civilities to ,mr4 ,murphy dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,london4 ,he has1 on 8 own acc\nt1 tak5 my portrait1 & ,i d>e say w be desir\s to %[ y x ! fir/ opportunity3 :5 y see x1 y w no d\bt conclude t ,t4 ,b4 is turn+ bonny] & bonny],,vii-#bi 9 8 old days2 b inde$ y _c help kn[+ ?is1 & also t !re 7 great indications ( its turn+ out s long s9ce4 ,b if y h =got our e>lie/ y\?1 p]haps y\r bro!r ,p4,,vii-#cj may help y to rememb] :at a great beauty ,i 0 at t "t1 :5 ! grey coat-sleeve 0 glaz$ f ! cuff t[>ds ! elb[s40 ,! words pr9t$ 9 ,italics are ^? t are und]l9$ by ,bewick himself4 ,footnote ,,vii-#bh3 ,mr4 ,*ri/oph] ,gregson1 :o 0 an apo!c>y1 liv$ 9 ,blackfri>s4 ,he di$ ab\t ! ye> #ahac4 ,z long z he liv$1 ,bewick ma9ta9$ a fri5dly correspond5ce ) him4 ,footnote ,,vii-#bi3 ,pretti] & pretti]4 ,footnote ,,vii-#cj3 ,philip4 ,bewick1 hav+ %[n a ta/e = draw+1 0 plac$ by 8 fa!r z an appr5tice ) ,mr4 ,ralph ,beilby1 an engrav]1 liv+ 9 ,newca/le1 to :om on ! #a/ ( ,octob] #agfg he 0 b\nd = a t]m ( sev5 ye>s4 ,mr4 ,beilby 0 n a wood engrav]2 & 8 bus9ess 9 ! copp]-plate l9e 0 ( a k9d :i* did n all[ ( mu* scope = ! display ( arti/ic tal5t4 ,he engrav$ copp]-plates = books1 :5 any by *ance 7 (f]$ to him2 & he also execut$ brass-plates = doors1 ) ! names ( ! own]s h&somely fill$ up1 aft] ! mann] ( ! old 8niellos10 ) black seal+-wax4 ,he engrav$ cre/s & initials on /eel & silv] wat*-seals2 also on tea-spoons1 sug>-tongs1 & o!r articles ( plate2 & ! engrav+ ( num]als & ornam5ts1 ) ! "n ( ! mak]1 on clock-faces1--:i* 7 n !n enamell$1--seems to h =m$ "o ( ! *ief bran*es ( 8 v g5]al bus9ess4,,vii-#ca ,footnote ,,vii-#ca3 8,:ile ) ,,beilby he 0 employ$ 9 engrav+ clock-faces1 :i*1 ,i h he>d him say1 made 8 h&s z h>d z a blacksmi?'s1 & almo/ disgu/$ him ) engrav+40--,sket* ( ! ,life & ,works ( ! late ,?omas ,bewick1 by ,george ,c4 ,atk9son4 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,society1 ,newca/le1 #ahcj4 ,bewick's att5tion appe>s to h be5 fir/ direct$ to wood engrav+ 9 consequ5ce ( 8 ma/] hav+ be5 employ$ by ! late ,dr4 ,*>les ,hutton1 !n a s*oolma/] 9 ,newca/le1 to engrave on wood ! diagrams = 8 ,treatise on ,m5suration4 ,! pr9t+ ( ?is "w 0 comm5c$ 9 #agfh1 & 0 complet$ 9 #aggj4 ,! engrav+ ( ! diagrams 0 committ$ to ,bewick1 :o is said to h inv5t$ a grav] ) a f9e groove at ! po9t1 :i* enabl$ him to cut ! outl9es by a s+le op]ation4 ,illu/ration ,! above is a fac-simile ( "o ( ! e>lie/ productions ( ,bewick 9 ! art ( wood engrav+4 ,! *ur* is int5d$ = t ( ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,newca/le4 ,subsequ5tly1 & :ile he 0 /ill an appr5tice1 ,bewick und\bt$ly endeav\r$ to improve himself 9 wood engrav+2 b 8 progress does n appe> to h be5 great1 & 8 ma/] _h c]ta9ly v little "w ( ?is k9d = him to d4 ,he appe>s to h engrav$ a few bill-heads on wood2 & x is n unlikely t ! cuts 9 a little book entitl$ 8,y\?'s ,in/ructive & ,ent]ta9+ ,/ory ,tell]10 fir/ publi%$ by ,t4 ,sa9t1 ,newca/le1 #aggd1 7 execut$ by him be=e ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip4 ,bewick1 at "o p]iod dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip1 paid n9ep5ce a week = 8 lodg+s 9 ,newca/le1 & usually receiv$ a br[n loaf e week f ,*]ry-burn4 8,dur+ 8 s]vitude10 says ,mr4 ,atk9son1 8he paid weekly visits to ,*]ry-burn1 except :5 ! riv] 0 s mu* swoll5 z to prev5t 8 passage ( x at ,eltr+ham1 :5 he vocif]at$ 8 inquiries across ! /ream1 & !n return$ to ,newca/le40 ,?is acc\nt ( 8 be+ accu/om$ to %\t 8 enquiries across ! ,tyne fir/ appe>$ 9 a ,memoir prefix$ to ! ,select ,fables1 publi%$ by ,e4 ,*>nley1 #ahbj4 ,mr4 ,william ,b$l+ton1 an old fri5d ( ,bewick1 once ask$ him if x 7 true8 8,babbles & nons5se60 0 ! reply4 8,x nev] happ5$ b once1 & t 0 :5 ! riv] _h sudd5ly swell$ be=e ,i c\ld rea* ! top ( ! all]s1,,vii-#cb & yet folks are made to believe t ,i 0 9 ! habit ( do+ x40 ,footnote ,,vii-#cb3 ,ald]s--! "n ( a small plantation above ,ov+ham1 :i* ,bewick _h to pass ?r\gh on 8 way to ,eltr+ham f]ry-boat4 ,on ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip he return$ to 8 fa!r's h\se at ,*]ry-burn1 b /ill cont9u$ to "w = ,mr4 ,beilby4 ,ab\t ?is "t he seems to h =m$ ! resolution ( apply+ himself exclusively 9 future to wood engrav+1 & ) ?is view to h execut$ sev]al cuts z specim5s ( 8 ability4 ,9 #agge he receiv$ a premium ( sev5 gu9eas f ! ,society ( ,arts = a cut ( ! ,huntsman & ! ,old ,h\nd1 :i* he probably engrav$ :5 liv+ at ,*]ry-burn aft] leav+ ,mr4 ,beilby4,,vii-#cc ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( ?is cut1 :i* 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 an edition ( ,gay's ,fables1 publi%$ by ,t4 ,sa9t1 ,newca/le1 #aggi4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,bohn1 ! publi%] ( ! pres5t edition1 happ5+ to be 9 possession ( ! orig9al cut1 x is annex$ on ! opposite page4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vii-#cc3 ,! ,rev]5d ,william ,turn]1 ( ,newca/le1 9 a lett] pr9t$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,june #ahja1 says t ,bewick obta9$ ?is premium 8dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip40 ,?is mu/ be a mi/ake2 z 8 appr5tice%ip expir$ 9 ,octob] #aggd1 & he obta9$ ! premium 9 #agge4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t ! engrav+ may h be5 execut$ dur+ t p]iod4 ,9 #aggf1 :5 on a visit to "s ( 8 relations 9 ,cumb]l&1,,vii-#cd he avail$ himself ( ! opportunity ( visit+ ! ,lakes2 & 9 aft]-life he us$ frequ5tly to speak 9 t]ms ( admiration ( ! beauty ( ! sc5]y1 & ( ! neat appe>ance ( ! :ite-wa%$1 slate-cov]$ cottages on ! banks ( "s ( ! lakes4 ,8 t\r 0 made on foot1 ) a /ick 9 8 h& & a wallet at 8 back2 & x has be5 suppos$ t 9 a tail-piece1 to be f\nd at page #agg ( ! fir/ volume ( 8 ,briti% ,birds1 fir/ edition1 #agig1 he has introduc$ a sket* ( himself 9 8 travell+ co/ume1 dr9k+ out ( :at he himself w\ld h call$ ! flipe ( 8 hat4 ,! figure has be5 copi$ 9 our ornam5tal lett] ,t at page #dga4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vii-#cd3 ,bewick's "m1 ,jane ,wilson1 0 a daught] ( ,?omas ,wilson ( ,a9/able 9 ,cumb]l&1 ab\t five miles nor?-nor?-we/ ( ,kirk-,oswald4 ,9 ! same ye>1 #aggf1 he w5t to ,london1 :]e he arriv$ on ! #a/ ( ,octob]4 ,he c]ta9ly did n rema9 m ?an a twelvemon? 9 ,london1,,vii-#ce = 9 #aggg he return$ to ,newca/le1 & ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) 8 =m] ma/]1 ,mr4 ,ralph ,beilby4 ,bewick--:o does n appe> to h be5 wi%ful to undeceive ^? :o fanci$ t he 0 ! p]son :o r$iscov]$ ! 8long-lo/ art ( engrav+ on wood0,,vii-#cf--w\ld nev] in=m any ( ! good-natur$ fri5ds1 :o fi%$ = intellig5ce ) ! view ( writ+ 8 life1 ( ! works on :i* he 0 employ$ :5 9 ,london4 ,! fai? ( a believ] 9 ! /ory ( ,bewick's re-discov]+ 8! long-lo/ art0 w\ld h receiv$ too great a %ock _h he be5 told by ,bewick himself t on 8 arrival 9 ,london he f\nd pr(essors ( ! 8long-lo/ art0 regul>ly ex]cis+ _! call+1 & t ) "o ( !m he f\nd employm5t4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ce3 ,bewick1 9 ,london1 9 #ahbh1 obs]v$ to "o ( 8 =m] pupils1 t x 0 !n fifty-"o ye>s s9ce he left ,london1 on 8 fir/ visit1 to return to ,newca/le4 ,footnote ,,vii-#cf3 ,mr4 ,atk9son talks ab\t wood engrav+ hav+ tak5 a nap = a c5tury or two 8aft] ! "t ( ,dur] & ,holbe910 & ( ,bewick be+ ! re/or] ( ! 8long-lo/ art20 & yet1 ) s+ul> inconsi/5cy1 9 ano!r "p ( 8 ,sket*1 he ref]s to ,papillon1 ^: "w1 conta9+ a m9ute acc\nt ( ! art z !n practis$1 0 publi%$ ab\t two ye>s be=e ,bewick began to engrave on wood4--,! ,rev]5d ,william ,turn]1 :o ought to h kn[n bett]1 also speaks ( ! 8long-lo/ art10 9 8 ,memoir ( ,?omas ,bewick4 ,!re is e reason to believe t ,bewick1 :5 9 ,london1 0 *iefly employ$ by ,t4 ,hodgson1 mo/ likely ! p]son :o engrav$ ! f\r cuts 9 ,sir ,john ,hawk9s's ,hi/ory ( ,music4 ,x is at any rate c]ta9 t sev]al cuts engrav$ by ,bewick appe>$ 9 a little "w entitl$ 8,a curi\s ,hi]oglyphick ,bible10 pr9t$ by & = ,t4 ,hodgson1 9 ,george's ,c\rt1 ,/4 ,john's ,lane1 ,cl]k5well4,,vii-#cg ,pro(s ( ?ree ( ! pr9cipal cuts are n[ ly+ be=e me4 ,! subjects are3 ,adam & ,eve1 ) ! ,deity se5 9 ! cl\ds1 =m+ ! frontispiece2 ! ,resurrection2 & a cut repres5t+ a g5tleman seat$ 9 an arm-*air1 ) f\r boys beside him3 ! bord] ( ?is cut is ( ! same k9d z t ( ! l>ge cut ( ! ,*ill+ham ,bull engrav$ by ,bewick 9 #aghi4 ,^! pro(s appe> to h be5 pres5t$ by ,bewick to an em95t pa9t]1 n[ dead1 ) :om ei!r !n1 or at a subsequ5t p]iod1 he _h become acqua9t$4 ,n "o ( ,bewick's biograph]s m5tions ^? cuts1 nor seems to h be5 aw>e ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! two memoirs ( ,bewick1 writt5 by 8 8fri5ds0 ,g4 ,c4 ,atk9son & ,john ,f4 ,m4 ,dova/on1,,vii-#ch suffici5tly demon/rate t nei!r ( !m _h enjoy$ 8 confid5ce 9 matt]s relative to 8 progress 9 ! art ( wood engrav+4 ,footnote ,,vii-#cg3 ,i h n be5 able to discov] ! date ( ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w4 ,! ?ird edition is dat$ #aghe4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ch3 8,"s ,acc\nt ( ! ,life1 ,g5ius1 & ,p]sonal ,habits ( ! late ,?omas ,bewick1 ! celebrat$ ,arti/ & ,engrav] on ,wood4 ,by 8 ,fri5d ,john ,f4 ,m4 ,dova/on1 ,esq4 ,a4,m410 0 publi%$ 9 ,l\don's ,magaz9e ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 #ahbi-ahcj4 ,mr4 ,dova/on seems to h caught a k ( ,bewick's p]sonal habits at a glance2 & a consid]able numb] ( 8 obs]vations on o!r matt]s appe> to h be5 ! result ( a peculi> quickness ( appreh5sion4 ,:at he says ab\t ! *ur* ( ,ov+ham n be+ 8p>t$ into pr\d pews10 :5 ,bewick 0 a boy1 is incorrect4 ,x _h1 9 fact1 be5 pew$ f an e>ly p]iod2 =1 on ! #bnd ( ,septemb]1 #agfc1 ,dr4 ,%>p1 ,ar*deacon ( ,nor?umb]l&1 on visit+ ! *ur*1 notices ! pews z be+ 8v bad & irregul>20 & on a bo>d ov] ! ve/ry-door is ! foll[+ inscription3 8,?is ,*ur* 0 new pew$1 ,a4 ,d4 #agff40 ,no bo>ds f ?is *ur* conta9+ specim5s ( ,bewick's e>ly draw+ 7 ev] 9 ! possession ( ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,mr4 ,dova/on is frequ5tly imag9ative1 b seldom correct4 ,8 p]sonal sket* ( ,bewick is a ridicul\s c>icature4 ,mr4 ,atk9son1 9 8 ,sket* ( ! ,life & ,works ( ,bewick1 says t :5 9 ,london he work$ ) a p]son ( ! "n ( ,cole4 ,( ?is p]son1 z a wood engrav]1 ,i h n be5 able to discov] any trace4 ,bewick did n l ,london2 & he always advis$ 8 =m] pupils & nor?-c\ntry fri5ds to leave ! 8prov9ce cov]$ ) h\ses0 z soon z !y c\ld1 & return to ! c\ntry to !re enjoy ! beauties ( ,nature1 fre% air1 & cont5t4 ,9 ! lett] to 8 old s*oolfell[1 ,mr4 ,*ri/oph] ,gregson1 previ\sly quot$1 he ?us expresses 8 op9ion ( ,london life4 8,ev] s9ce y paid y\r la/ visit to ! nor?1 ,i h (t5 be5 ?9k+ ^u y1 & wi%+ t y w\ld lap up1 & leave ! metropolis1 to enjoy ! fruits ( y\r h>d-e>n$ indu/ry on ! banks ( ! ,tyne1 :]e y are s mu* respect$1 bo? on y\r own acc\nt & on t ( ^? :o are gone4 ,inde$1 ,i wond] h[ y c ?9k ( turmoil+ y\rself to ! end ( ! *apt]1 & let ! opportunity slip ( contemplat+ at y\r ease ! beauties ( ,nature1 s b\ntifully spread out to enlight51 to captivate1 & to *e] ! he>t ( man4 ,= my "p1 ,i am /ill ( ! same m9d t ,i 0 9 :5 9 ,london1 & t is1 ,i w\ld r be h]d+ %eep on ,mickley bank top ?an rema9 9 ,london1 al?\gh = do+ s ,i 0 to be made ! premi] ( ,engl&40 ,bewick 0 truly a c\ntry man2 he felt t x 0 bett] 8to he> ! l>k s+ ?an ! m\se *eep20 =1 ?\gh no p]son 0 capable ( clos] application to 8 art :5 )9 doors1 he lov$ to sp5d 8 h\rs ( relaxation 9 ! op5 air1 /udy+ ! "* ( bea/s & birds 9 _! natural /ate2 & dilig5tly not+ ^? little incid5ts & traits ( c\ntry life :i* give s great an int]e/ to _m ( 8 tail-pieces4 ,:5 a "y man1 he 0 fond ( angl+2 &1 l ,rog] ,as*am1 he 8de>ly lov$ a ma9 ( cocks40 ,:5 annoy$ by /reet-walk]s 9 ,london1 he us$ to assume ! air ( a /upid c\ntryman1 &1 9 reply to _! importunity1 w\ld ask1 ) an expression ( /olid gravity1 if !y knew 8,tommy ,hummel o' ,prudhoe1 ,willy ,eltr+ham o' ,hall-,y>ds1 or ,auld ,laird ,newton o' ,mickley80,,vii-#ci ,he ?us1 )\t los+ 8 temp]1 or %[+ any feel+ ( annoyance1 soon got quit ( ^? :o wi%$ to engage 8 att5tion1 ?\gh sometimes n until he _h receiv$ a he>ty mal$iction = 8 /upidity4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ci3 ,humble1 ,eltr+ham1 & ,newton 7 ! names ( ?ree ( 8 c\ntry acqua9tances2 ,prudhoe1 ,hall-,y>ds1 & ,mickley are places ne> ,ov+ham4 ,9 #aggg1 on 8 return to ,newca/le1 he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,mr4 ,beilby2 & 8 y\ng] bro!r1 ,john ,bewick1 :o 0 !n ab\t sev5te5 ye>s old1 became _! appr5tice4 ,f ?is "t ,bewick1 ?\gh he cont9u$ to assi/ 8 p>tn] 9 ! o!r bran*es ( _! bus9ess1,,vii-#dj appli$ himself *iefly to engrav+ on wood4 ,! cuts 9 an edition ( ,gay's ,fables1 #aggi1,,vii-#da & 9 an edition ( ,select ,fables1 #aghd1 bo? pr9t$ by ,t4 ,sa9t1 ,newca/le1 7 engrav$ by ,bewick1 :o 0 probably assi/$ by 8 bro!r4 ,sev]al ( ^? cuts are well engrav$1 ?\gh by no means to be comp>$ to 8 lat] works1 execut$ :5 he _h acquir$ great] k ( ! art1 & m confid5ce 9 8 own p[]s4 ,he evid5tly improv$ z 8 tal5ts 7 ex]cis$2 = ! cuts 9 ! ,select ,fables1 #aghd1 are g5]ally mu* sup]ior to ^? 9 ,gay's ,fables1 #aggi2 ! animals are bett] drawn & engrav$2 ! sket*es ( l&scape 9 ! back-gr\nds are m natural2 & ! engrav+ ( ! foliage ( ! trees & bu%es is1 n unfrequ5tly1 sc>ce inf]ior to t ( 8 lat] productions4 ,su* an att5tion to nature 9 ?is respect is n to be f\nd 9 any wood-cuts ( an e>li] date4 ,! foll[+ impressions f two ( ! orig9al cuts 9 ! ,select ,fables are fair specim5s2 "o is int]e/+1 z be+ ,bewick's fir/ idea ( a fav\rite vignette 9 8 ,briti% ,l& ,birds2 ! o!r z 8 fir/ treatm5t ( ! lion & ! f\r bulls1 aft]w>ds repeat$ 9 8 ,quadrup$s4 ,9 ! be/ cuts ( ! "t ( ,dur] & ,holbe9 ! foliage is g5]ally neglect$2 ! arti/s ( t p]iod m]ely give g5]al =ms ( trees1 )\t ev] att5d+ to t :i* contributes s mu* to _! beauty4 ,! m]it ( introduc+ ?is great improvem5t 9 wood engrav+1 & ( depict+ quadrup$s & birds 9 _! natural =ms1 & ) _! *>act]i/ic expression1 is und\bt$ly due to ,bewick4 ,?\gh he 0 n ! discov]] ( ! art ( wood engrav+1 he c]ta9ly 0 ! fir/ :o appli$ x ) success to ! del9eation ( animals1 & to ! natural repres5tation ( l&scape & woodl& sc5]y4 ,he f\nd = himself a pa? :i* no previ\s wood engrav] _h trodd51 & 9 :i* none ( 8 successors h gone beyond him4 ,= sev]al ( ! cuts 9 ! ,select ,fables1 ,bewick 0 paid only n9e %ill+s ea*4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,vii-#dj3 ,bewick c\ld engrave on copp]1 b did n excel 9 ?is bran* ( engrav+4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal copp]-plates :i* are kn[n to be ( 8 engrav+4 ,plates 9 ,consett's ,t\r ?r\gh ,sw$51 ,sw$i% ,lapl&1 ,f9l&1 & ,d5m>k1 #dto4 ,/ockton1 #aghi2 ,! ,:itley l>ge ,ox1 #aghi2 & ! rem>kable ,kyloe ,ox1 br$ 9 ! ,mull1 ,argyle%ire1 #agij--;,a set ( silv] buttons1 conta9+ sport+ devices1 engrav$ by ,bewick = ! late ,h4 ,u4 ,reay1 ,esq4 ( ,kill+wor?1 :i* pass$ into ! possession ( ,mr4 ,reay's son-9-law1 ,mat!w ,bell1 ,esq4 ( ,wols+ham4 ,footnote ,,vii-#da3 ,mr4 ,atk9son says t 8ab\t ! same "t he execut$ ! cuts sixty-two 9 numb] = a small *ild's book1 entitl$ #8,a pretty ,book ( ,pictures = little ,ma/]s & ,misses1 or ,tommy ,trip's ,hi/ory ( ,bea/s & ,birds4'0--,an edition ( ! ,select ,fables1 ) v bad wood-cuts1 0 pr9t$ by ,mr4 ,sa9t 9 #aggf4 ,! p]son by :om !y 7 engrav$ is unkn[n4 ,bewick always d5i$ t any ( !m 7 ( 8 engrav+4 ,9 #aghi he drew & engrav$ 8 l>ge cut ( ! ,*ill+ham ,bull1,,vii-#db :i* _m p]sons suppose to be 8 ma/]-piece2 b ?\gh x is c]ta9ly well engrav$1 & ! "* ( ! animal is well express$1 yet z a wood engrav+ x w n be> a comp>ison ) sev]al ( ! cuts 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds4 ,! grass & ! foliage ( ! trees are mo/ beautifully express$2 b !re is a want ( v>iety 9 ! m di/ant trees1 & ! b>k ( t 9 ! =e-gr\nd to ! left is too r\gh4 ,?is exagg]ation ( ! r\ghness ( ! b>k ( trees is also to be p]ceiv$ 9 _m ( 8 o!r cuts4 ,! /yle 9 :i* ! bull is engrav$ is admirably adapt$ to express ! texture ( ! %ort :ite hair ( ! animal2 ! dewlap1 h[ev]1 is n well repres5t$1 x appe>s to be /iff in/ead ( flaccid & p5dul\s2 & ! l9es int5d$ = ! hairs on its m>g9 are too wiry4 ,on a /one 9 ! =e-gr\nd he has introduc$ a bit ( cross-hat*+1 b n ) good effect1 = x causes ! /one to look v mu* l an old scrubb+-bru%4 ,bewick 0 n p>tial to cross-hat*+1 & x is seldom to be f\nd 9 cuts ( 8 engrav+4 ,he seems to h introduc$ x 9 ?is cut r to %[ to ^? :o knew any?+ ( ! matt] t he c\ld engrave su* l9es1 ?an f an op9ion t !y 7 necess>y1 or 9 ! slighte/ degree improv$ ! cut4 ,?is is almo/ ! only in/ance 9 :i* ,bewick has introduc$ black l9es cross+ ea* o!r1 & ?us =m+ :at is usually call$ 8cross-hat*+s40 ,f ! comm5cem5t ( 8 c>e] z a wood engrav]1 he adopt$ a mu* m simple me?od ( obta9+ col\r4 ,he v ju/ly consid]$1 t1 z impressions ( wood-cuts are pr9t$ f l9es engrav$ 9 relief1 ! un5grav$ surface ( ! block already repres5t$ ! d>ke/ col\r t c\ld be produc$2 & consequ5tly1 in/ead ( lab\r+ to produce col\r 9 ! same mann] z ! old wood engrav]s1 he comm5c$ ^u col\r or black1 & proce$$ f d>k to light by means ( l9es cut 9 intaglio1 & appe>+ :ite :5 9 ! impression1 until 8 subject 0 complet$4 ,?is great simplification ( ! old process 0 ! result ( 8 hav+ to engrave 8 own draw+s2 = 9 draw+ 8 subject on ! wood he avoid$ all comb9ations ( l9es :i* to ! design] are easy1 b to ! engrav] difficult4 ,9 almo/ e "o ( 8 cuts ! effect is produc$ by ! simple/ means4 ,! col\r :i* ! old wood engrav]s obta9$ by means ( cross-hat*+s1 ,bewick obta9$ ) mu* great] facility by means ( s+le l9es1 & masses ( black slightly int]sect$ or brok5 ) :ite4 ,footnote ,,vii-#db3 ,?is cut 0 execut$ = ,m>maduke ,tun/all1 ,esq4 ( ,wycliffe1 ne> ,greta ,bridge1 9 ,york%ire4 ,:5 only a few impressions ( ! ,*ill+ham ,bull _h be5 tak51 & be=e he _h add$ 8 "n1 ! block split4 ,! pressm51 x is said1 got tipsy ov] _! "w1 & left ! block ly+ on ! w9d[-sill expos$ to ! rays ( ! sun1 :i* caus$ x to w>p & split4,,vii-#dc ,ab\t six impressions 7 tak5 on ?9 vellum be=e ! accid5t occurr$4 ,mr4 ,atk9son says t "o ( ^? impressions1 :i* _h =m]ly belong$ to ,mr4 ,beilby1 ,bewick's p>tn]1 0 sold 9 ,london = tw5ty p\nds2 ,a4 ,/o?>d1 ,r4,a41 _h "o1 z _h also ,mr4 ,c4 ,nesbit4 ,footnote ,,vii-#dc3 ,! block rema9$ 9 sev]al pieces until #ahag1 :5 !y 7 firmly unit$ by means ( cramps1 & a numb] ( impressions pr9t$ (f4 ,^! impressions are )\t ! bord]1 :i* di/+ui%es ! e>li] ones4 ,! bord]1 :i* 0 engrav$ on sep>ate pieces1 enclos$ ! pr9cipal cut 9 ! mann] ( a frame4 ,t[>ds ! latt] end ( #aghe ,bewick began to engrave ! cuts = 8 ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s1 :i* 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 #agij4,,vii-#dd ,! descriptions 7 writt5 by 8 p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,beilby1 & ! cuts 7 all drawn & engrav$ by himself4 ,! comp>ative excell5ce ( ^? cuts1 :i*1 = ! correct del9eation ( ! animals & ! natural "* ( ! incid5ts1 & ! back-gr\nds1 are greatly sup]ior to any?+ ( ! k9d t _h previ\sly appe>$1 insur$ a rapid sale = ! "w2 a second edition 0 publi%$ 9 #agia1 & a ?ird 9 #agib4,,vii-#de ,footnote ,,vii-#dd3 ,a ,prospectus conta9+ specim5s ( ! cuts 0 pr9t$ 9 #aghg4 ,footnote ,,vii-#de3 ,! fir/ edition consi/$ ( fifte5 hundr$ copies 9 demy octavo at #hs41 & "o hundr$ royal at #abs4 ,! price ( ! demy copies ( ! eigh? edition1 publi%$ 9 #ahbe1 0 #a #as4 ,a pro( ( ! e/imation 9 :i* ! "w cont9u$ to be held4 ,! great m]it ( ^? cuts consi/s n s mu* 9 _! execution z 9 ! spirit$ & natural mann] 9 :i* !y are drawn4 ,"s ( ! animals1 inde$1 :i* he _h n _h an opportunity ( see+1 & = :i* he _h to dep5d on ! previ\s engrav+s ( o!rs1 are n correctly drawn4 ,among ! mo/ incorrect are ! ,bison1 ! ,zebu1 ! ,buffalo1 ! ,_m-horn$ ,%eep1 ! ,gnu1 & ! ,giraffe or ,cameleop>d4,,vii-#df ,ev5 9 "s ( our dome/ic quadrup$s he 0 n successful2 ! ,horses are n well repres5t$2 & ! v indiff]5t execution ( ! ,common ,bull & ,c[1 at page #ai1 edition #agij1 is only r$eem$ by ! int]e/ ( ! back-gr\nds4 ,9 t ( ! ,common ,bull1 ! action ( ! bull se5 *as+ a man is mo/ excell5t2 & 9 t ( ! ,c[1 ! woman1 ) a skeel on h] head1 & h] petticoats tuck$ up beh9d1 return+ f milk+1 is evid5tly a sket* f nature4 ,! ,goats & ! ,dogs are ! be/ ( ^? cuts bo? 9 design & execution2 & p]haps ! v be/ ( all ! cuts 9 ! fir/ edition is t ( ! ,cur ,fox at page #bgj4 ,! tail ( ! animal1 :i* is too long1 & is also incorrectly m>k$ ) black ne> ! :ite tip1 0 subsequ5tly alt]$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#df3 ,! cut ( ! ,giraffe 9 ! edition ( #ahbd is n ! orig9al "o engrav$ by ,bewick4 ,9 ! lat] cut1 :i* 0 *iefly engrav$ by ,w4 ,w4 ,temple1 "o ( ,bewick's pupils1 ! m>ks on ! body ( ! animal appe> l s _m :ite-col\r$ l9es cross+ ea* o!r1 & enclos+ l>ge irregul> spots4 ,9 ! fir/ edition ! *>act]i/ic tail-pieces are comp>atively few2 & sev]al ( ^? :i* are m]ely ornam5tal1 display+ nei!r imag9ation nor feel+1 are copies ( cuts :i* are frequ5t 9 books pr9t$ at ,leipsic betwe5 #aggj & #aghj1 & :i* 7 probably engrav$ by ,ungh]1 a ,g]man wood engrav] ( t p]iod4 ,examples ( su* ta/eless trifles are to be f\nd at pages #i1 #ab1 #ah1 #fe1 #aaj1 #adj1 #bja1 #bbc1 & #dja4 ,ornam5ts ( ! same "* occur 9 ,he9ek5's 8,ide ,gnrale d'une ,collection complette d',e/ampes10 ,leipsic & ,vi5na1 #agga4 ,bewick 0 unque/ionably bett] acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory & progress ( wood engrav+ ?an ^? :o talk ab\t ! 8long-lo/ art0 7 aw>e (4 ,! fir/ ( ! two foll[+ cuts is a fac-simile ( a tail-piece :i* occurs 9 an edition ( 8,d] ,weiss ,kunig10,,vii-#dg pr9t$ at ,vi5na1 #agge1 & :i* ,bewick has copi$ at page #add ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ,quadrup$s1 #agij4 ,! second1 f "o ( ! cuts illu/rative ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 #aefi1 design$ by ,virgil ,solis1,,vii-#dh is copi$ 9 a tail-piece 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,bewick's ,birds1 page #ccj1 edition #agig4 ,footnote ,,vii-#dg3 ,"s acc\nt ( ?is "w is previ\sly giv5 at page#bhg4 ,footnote ,,vii-#dh3 ,?is "w is notic$ at page #djg4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ may be m5tion$ z ! be/ ( ! tail-pieces 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,quadrup$s1 & z ^? :i* mo/ decid$ly display ,bewick's tal5t 9 depict+1 )\t exagg]ation1 natural & humor\s incid5ts4 ,9 ?is respect he has be5 excell$ by no o!r arti/ ei!r ( pa/ or pres5t times4 ,! ,elephant1 =e-%ort5$1 at page #afb2 ! ,dog & ,cat1 #aie2 ! ,old ,man cross+ a =d1 m\nt$ on an old horse1 :i* c>ries1 9 addition1 two heavy sacks1 #bdd2 ! ,be>-w>d1 ) 8 wife & companion1 lead+ ,bru91 & accompani$ by 8 danc+-dogs1--a gall[s se5 9 ! di/ance1 #bef2 a ,fox1 ) ,magpies fly+ aft] him1 indicat+ 8 c\rse to 8 pursu]s1 #bfe2 ,two unfeel+ fell[s enjoy+ ! pleasure ( hang+ a dog1--a gibbet1 se5 9 ! di/ance1 to d5ote t ^? :o c\ld ?us quietly enjoy ! dy+ /ruggles ( a dog w\ld n be unlikely to murd] a man1 #bgd2 a ,man eat+ 8 d9n] ) 8 dog sitt+ beside him1 expect+ 8 %>e1 #bhe2 ,old ,bl9d ,man l$ by a dog1 cross+ a bridge ( a s+le plank1 & ) ! rail brok51 9 a /orm ( w9d & ra91 #cbj2 a ,mad ,dog pursu$ by ?ree m51--a feeble old woman directly 9 ! dog's way1 #cbd2 a ,man ) a bundle at 8 back1 cross+ a /ream on /ilts1 #ccg2 a w9t] piece1--a ,man travell+ 9 ! sn[1 #cci2 a grim-visag$ ,old ,man1 accompani$ by a cur-dog1 driv+ an old s[1 #cga2 ,two ,boys & an ,ass on a common1 #cge2 a ,man leap+1 by means ( a pole1 a /ream1 across :i* he has previ\sly ?r[n 8 /ick & bag1 #cia2 a ,man c>ry+ a bundle ( faggots on ! ice1 #cie2 a ,wolf fall+ into a trap1 #dcj2 & ,two ,bl9d ,fiddl]s & a ,boy1 ! la/ 9 ! book1 at #def4 ,9 ?is cut ,bewick has repres5t$ ! two bl9d fiddl]s e>ne/ly scrap+ away1 al?\gh !re is no "o to li/5 to _! /ra9s2 ! b>e-legg$ tatty-head$ boy :o leads !m1 & ! half-/>v$ melan*oly-look+ dog at _! heels1 are 9 admirable keep+ ) ! pr9cipal *>act]s4 ,on ! next page is a copy ( ! cut ( ! ,two ,boys & ! ,ass1 previ\sly m5tion$ z occurr+ at page #cge4 ,?is cut1 beyond any o!r ( ! tail-pieces 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,quadrup$s1 p]haps af=ds ! be/ specim5 ( ,bewick's peculi> tal5t ( depict+ su* subjects2 he fai?fully repres5ts ,nature1 & at ! same "t conveys a moral1 :i* gives additional int]e/ to ! sket*4 ,?\gh ! ass rema9s immoveable1 9 spite ( ! application ( a bran* ( furze to 8 h9d qu>t]s1 ! "y graceless :o is m\nt$ evid5tly enjoys 8 seat4 ,! pleasure ( ! twa9 consi/s z mu* 9 hav+ caught an ass z 9 ! prospect ( a ride4 ,to su* *>act]s ! /ubborn ass frequ5tly af=ds m amusem5t ?an a will+ go]2 !y l to flog & ?ump a ?+ well1 ?\gh x be b a gate-po/4 ,! gall[s 9 ! di/ance--a fav\rite 9 t]rorem object ) ,bewick--sugge/s _! ultimate de/9y2 & ! cut1 9 ! fir/ edition1 d]ives additional po9t f its situation among ! animals f\nd 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales1--! fir/ %ipm5t ( convicts to ,botany ,bay hav+ tak5 place ab\t two ye>s previ\s to ! publication ( ! "w4 ,?is cut1 z well z _m o!rs 9 ! book1 af=ds an in/ance ( l[]+1--! light appe>ance ( ! di/ance is entirely effect$ by t process4 ,illu/ration ,! subsequ5t editions ( ! ,quadrup$s 7 enl>g$ by ! addition ( new matt] & ! ins]tion ( sev]al new cuts4 ,( ^!1 ) ! exception ( ! ,kyloe ,ox1,,vii-#di ! tail-pieces are by f> ! be/4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal cuts ( animals t h be5 add$ s9ce ! fir/ publication ( ! "w2 ! pages annex$ ref] to ! edition ( #ahbd1 ! la/ t 0 publi%$ 9 ,bewick's life-"t3 ! ,arabian ,horse1 page #d1--! /allion1 se5 9 ! back-gr\nd1 has suff]$ a dismemb]m5t s9ce its fir/ appe>ance2,,vii-#ej ! ,old ,engli% ,road ,horse1 #i2 ! ,improv$ ,c>t ,horse1 #ad2 ! ,kyloe ,ox1 #cf2 ! ,musk ,bull1 #di2 ! ,black-fac$1 or ,hea? ,ram1 #ef2 ,hea? ,ram ( ! ,improv$ ,bre$1 #eg2 ,! ,*eviot ,ram1 #eh2 ,tees-wat] ,ram ( ! ,old ,bre$1 #fj2 ,tees-wat] ,ram1 ,improv$ ,bre$1 #fa2 ! ,am]ican ,elk1 #abe2 ,s[ ( ! ,improv$ ,bre$1 #afd2 ,s[ ( ! ,*9ese ,bre$1 #aff2 ,head ( a ,hippopotamus1 7engrav$ by ,w4 ,w4 ,temple17 #ahe2 ,indian ,be>1 #bic2 ,pol>1 or ,great ,:ite ,be>1 sub/itut$ = ano!r cut ( ! same animal1 #bie2 ! ,spott$ ,hy5a1 sub/itut$ = ano!r cut ( ! same animal1 #cja2 ! ,ban-dog1 #cch2 ! ,iri% ,greyh\nd1 #cdj2 ! ,h>ri]1 #cdg2 ,spott$ ,bavy1 sub/itut$ = ano!r cut ( ! same animal1 #cgi2 ! ,grey ,squirrel1 #chg2 ! ,long-tail$ ,squirrel1 #cif2 ! ,j]boa1 sub/itut$ = ano!r cut ( ! same animal1 #cig2 ! ,musqua%1 or ,musk ,beav]1 #daf2 ! ,m\se1 sub/itut$ = ano!r cut ( ! same animal1 #dbd2 ! ,%ort-e>$ ,bat1 #eac2 ! ,long-e>$ ,bat1 #eae2 ! ,t]nate ,bat1 #eah2 ! ,womba*1 #ebc2 & ! ,orni?orhyn*us ,p>adoxicus1 #ebe4 ,! cut ( ! animal call$ ! ,?ick-nos$ ,tapiir1 at page #aci ( ! fir/ edition1 is transpos$ to page #cha ( ! la/ edition1 & !re describ$ "u ! "n ( ! ,capib>a3 x is probably int5d$ = ! ,coypu rat1 a specim5 ( :i* is at pres5t 9 ! ,g>d5s ( ! ,zoological ,society1 ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,bewick 0 a regul> visitor ( all ! wild-bea/ %[s t came to ,newca/le1 & avail$ himself ( e opportunity to obta9 draw+s f liv+ animals4 ,footnote ,,vii-#di3 ,! ,kyloe ,ox1 :i* occurs at page #cf ( ! edition ( #ahbd1 ! la/ t 0 publi%$ 9 ,bewick's life-"t1 is "o ( ! v be/ cuts ( a quadrup$ t he ev] engrav$4 ,! draw+ is excell5t1 & ! *>act]i/ic =m & g5]al appe>ance ( ! animal are repres5t$ 9 a mann] t has nev] be5 excell$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ej3 ,! ,lanca%ire ,bull1 ( ! fir/ edition1 by a simil> process has be5 conv]t$ into ! ,lanca%ire ,ox4 ,illu/ration ,! tail-pieces introduc$ 9 subsequ5t editions ( ! ,quadrup$s g5]ally display m hum\r & n less tal5t 9 repres5t+ natural objects ?an ^? conta9$ 9 ! fir/4 ,9 ! annex$ cut ( a s\r-visag$ old fell[ go+ ) corn to ! mill1 we h an exemplification ( cruelty n unwor?y ( ,hog>?4,,vii-#ea ,! ov]-lad51 half-/>v$ old horse1--brok5-kne$1 greasy-heel$1 & evid5tly tr\bl$ ) ! /r+-halt1 z is indicat$ by ! action ( ! (f h9d-leg1--hesitates to desc5d ! brae1 at ! foot ( :i* !re is a /ream1 & ! old brute on 8 back urges him =w>d by work+ him1 z jockeys say1 ) ! halt]1 & beat+ him ) 8 /ick4 ,9 ! di/ance1 ,bewick1 z is usual ) him :5 he gives a sket* ( cruelty or knav]y1 has introduc$ a gall[s4 ,! mis]able appe>ance ( ! poor animal is n a little increas$ by ! nak$ness ( 8 h9d qu>t]s2 8 /ump ( a tail is s %ort t x w n ev5 s]ve z a cat* = ! crupp] or tail-b&4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ea3 ,! orig9als ( ?is & ! ?ree foll[+ cuts occur respectively at pages #ac1 #ae1 #fi1 & #ebf ( ! edition ( #ahbd4 ,! o!r pr9cipal tail-pieces 9 ?is edition are3 ,greyh\nd-c\rs+1 7orig9ally engrav$ on a silv] cup = a p]son at ,nor?all]ton17 drawn by ,bewick on ! block1 b engrav$ by ,w4 ,w4 ,temple1 page x1 at ! end ( ! ,index2 ! ,old ,coa*man & ! ,"y ,squire1 #ab2 ,t9k]'s ,*ildr5 9 a pair ( panni]s on ! back ( an ,ass1 #ba2 a ,c[ dr9k+1 #bh2 ,w9t] sc5e1 #cd2 ,two ,m5 digg+1 7engrav$ by ,h4 ,:ite1 :o also engrav$ ! cut ( ! ,musk ,bull at page #di17 #cg2 ,dog worry+ a ,%eep1 #fb2 ,old ,soldi] travell+ 9 ! ra91 #aag2 ,smell+1 tail-piece to ! ,g5et1 a /rong bit1 #bfi2 ,drunk5 ,man mak+ 8 ,dam1 #cgh2 & ,seals on a l>ge piece ( float+ ice1 #eaj4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! cut ( ! *ild1 unconsci\s ( its dang]1 pull+ at ! long tail ( a "y unbrok5 colt1 ! /ory is mo/ admirably told4 ,! nurse1 :o is se5 engag$ ) h] swee!>t by ! side ( ! h$ge1 has left ! *ild to w&] at w1 & ?us expose itself to de/ruction2 :ile ! "m1 :o has accid5tally p]ceiv$ ! dang] ( h] d>l+1 is se5 ha/5+ ov] ! /ile1 reg>dless ( ! /eps1 9 an agony ( fe>4 ,! backw>d glance ( ! horse's eye1 & ! heel rais$ ready to /rike1 mo/ =cibly sugge/ ! dang] to :i* ! un?9k+ infant is expos$4 ,?\gh ! subject ( ! foll[+ cut be simple1 yet ! s5tim5t :i* x displays is ! g5u9e (fspr+ ( true g5ius4 ,ne> to a ru9$ cottage1 :ile all ar\nd is cov]$ ) sn[1 a lean & hungry ewe is se5 nibbl+ at an old broom1 :ile h] "y & weakly lamb is suck+ h] milkless teats4 ,su* a picture ( animal want--conceiv$ ) s mu* feel+1 & s well express$1--has p]haps nev] be5 repres5t$ by any arti/ except ,bewick4 ,illu/ration ,! orig9al ( ! foll[+ cut =ms ! tail-piece to ! la/ page ( ! edition ( #ahbd4 ,an old man1 we>+ a p>son's ca/-(f beav] & wig1 is se5 c>ry+ 8 "y wife & *ild across a /ream4 ,! complac5t look ( ! cock-nos$ wife %[s t %e enjoys ! treat1 :ile ! old drudge pati5tly be>s 8 burd51 & ) 8 "r h& keeps a firm grip ( ! ne!r end ( 8 bett] "p4 ,?is cut is an excell5t satire on ^? old m5 :o m>ry "y wives & become dot+ly uxori\s 9 ! decl9e ( life2 submitt+ to e indignity to please _! y\?ful sp\ses & reconcile !m to _! /ate4 ,x is a new read+ ( ,janu>y & ,may1--he an old travell+ begg>1 & %e a "y slut ) h] heels peep+1 or r />+1 ?r\gh h] /ock+s4 ,illu/ration ,mr4 ,solomon ,hodgson1 ! pr9t] ( ! fir/ f\r editions ( ! ,quadrup$s1 _h an int]e/ 9 ! "w2 he di$ 9 #ahjj2 & 9 consequ5ce ( a misund]/&+ betwe5 8 wid[ & ,bewick1 ! latt] _h ! subsequ5t editions pr9t$ at ! (fice ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,walk]4 ,mrs4 ,hodgson hav+ ass]t$1 9 a lett] pr9t$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,july #ahje1 t ,bewick 0 nei!r ! au?or nor ! projector ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s1 b 80 employ$ m]ely z ! engrav] or wood-cutt]10 he1 9 ju/ification ( 8 own claims1 gave ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! "w4,,vii-#eb 8,f my fir/ read+1 :5 a boy at s*ool1 a sixp5ny ,hi/ory ( ,birds & ,bea/s1 & a !n wret*$ composition call$ ! ,hi/ory ( ,?ree ,hundr$ ,animals1 to ! "t ,i became acqua9t$ ) works on ,natural ,hi/ory writt5 = ! p]usal ( m51 ,i nev] 0 )\t ! design ( attempt+ some?+ ( ?is k9d myself2 b my pr9cipal object 0 7& /ill is7 direct$ to ! m5tal pleasure & improvem5t ( y\?2 to engage _! att5tion1 to direct _! /eps aright1 & to lead !m on till !y become enam\r$ ( ?is innoc5t & delightful pursuit4 ,"s "t aft] my p>tn]%ip ) ,mr4 ,beilby comm5c$1 ,i communicat$ my wi%es to him1 :o1 aft] _m conv]sations1 came into my plan ( publi%+ a ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s1 & ,i !n imm$iately began to draw ! animals1 to design ! vignettes1 & to cut !m on wood1 & ?is1 to avoid int]ruption1 frequ5tly till v late 9 ! night2 my p>tn] at ! same "t und]tak+ to compile & draw up ! descriptions & hi/ory at 8 leisure h\rs & ev5+s at home4 ,) ! acc\nts ( ! =eign animals ,i did n mu* int]f]e2 ! s\rces :5ce ,i _h drawn ! little k ,i possess$ 7 op5 to my coadjutor1 & he us$ !m2 b to ^? ( ! animals ( our own c\ntry1 z my p>tn] be=e ?is "t _h paid little att5tion to natural hi/ory1 ,i l5t a help+ h&4 ,?is help 0 giv5 9 daily conv]sations1 & 9 occasional notes & memor&a1 :i* 7 us$ 9 _! prop] places4 ,z ! cuts 7 engrav$1 we employ$ ! late ,mr4 ,?omas ,angus1 ( ?is t[n1 pr9t]1 to take (f a c]ta9 numb] ( impressions ( ea*1 _m ( :i* are /ill 9 my possession4 ,at ,mr4 ,angus's dea? ! *>ge = ?is bus9ess 0 n made 9 8 books1 & at ! reque/ ( 8 wid[ & ourselves1 ! late ,mr4 ,solomon ,hodgson fix$ ! price2 & yet ! wid[ & executrix ( ,mr4 ,hodgson ass]ts 9 y\r ,magaz9e1 t ,i 0 #8m]ely employ$ z ! engrav] or wood-cutt]1' 7,i suppose7 by h] husb&6 ,_h ?is be5 ! case1 is x probable t ,mr4 ,hodgson w\ld h _h ! cuts pr9t$ 9 any o!r (fice ?an 8 own8 ,! fact is ! rev]se ( ,mrs4 ,hodgson's /atem5t2 & al?\gh ,i h nev]1 ei!r #8insidi\sly' or o!rwise1 us$ any means to cause ! review]s1 or o!rs1 to hold me up z ! #8fir/ & sole mov] ( ! conc]n1' ,i am n[ dragg$ =? by h] to decl>e t ,i am ! man4 ,footnote ,,vii-#eb3 ,?is acc\nt is extract$ f a lett] writt5 by ,bewick1 & pr9t$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,novemb] #ahje4 8,b to return to my /ory3--:ile we 7 9 ! progress ( our "w1 prud5ce sugge/$ t x might be necess>y to inquire h[ our lab\rs 7 to be u%]$ to ! _w1 &1 z we 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9t+ & publi%+ ( books1 :at mode 0 ! mo/ likely to insure success4 ,^u ?is subject ,mr4 ,hodgson 0 consult$1 & made fully acqua9t$ ) our plan4 ,he ent]$ into ! und]tak+ ) uncommon ard\r1 & urg$ u /r5u\sly n to reta9 our fir/ humble notions ( #8mak+ x l a s*ool-book1' b press$ u to let x #8assume a m respectable =m4' ,f ?is w>m? ( our fri5d we _h no hesitation 9 (f]+ him a %>e 9 ! "w1 & a cop>tn]%ip de$ 0 ent]$ into betwe5 u1 = t purpose1 on ! #aj? ( ,april #agij4 ,:at ,mr4 ,hodgson did 9 correct+ ! press1 beyond :at falls to ! duty ( e pr9t]1 ,i "k n2 b ,i am c]ta9 t he 0 extremely desir\s t x %\ld h ju/ice done x4 ,9 ?is weav+ ( words ,i did n int]f]e1 z ,i believ$ x to be 9 h&s mu* fitt] ?an my own1 only ,i took ! lib]ty ( blott+ out :atev] ,i knew n to be tru?40 ,! fav\rable mann] 9 :i* ! ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s 0 receiv$ det]m9$ ,bewick to comm5ce )\t delay 8 ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds4 ,he began to draw & engrave ! cuts 9 #agia1 & 9 #agig ! fir/ volume ( ! "w1 conta9+ ! ,l& ,birds1 0 publi%$4,,vii-#ec ,! lett]-press1 z 9 ! ,quadrup$s1 0 writt5 by 8 p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,beilby1 :o c]ta9ly des]ves great praise = ! mann] 9 :i* he has p]=m$ 8 task4 ,! descriptions g5]ally h ! great m]it ( be+ simple1 intelligible1 & correct4 ,!re are no trifl+ details ab\t sy/em1 no confus$ argum5ts ab\t classification1 :i* m frequ5tly bewild] ?an in=m ! read] :o is un9itiat$ 9 ! piebald j>gon ( :at is call$ 8,sy/ematic nom5clature40 ,he describes ! quadrup$ or bird 9 a mann] :i* enables ev5 ! mo/ unle>n$ to recognize x :5 he sees x2 &1 l "o :o is r wi%ful to in=m 8 read]s ?an to display 8 own acqua9tance ) ! sci5tific vocabul>y1 he c>efully avoids ! use ( all t]ms :i* are n g5]ally und]/ood4 ,mr4 ,beilby1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t mann] & 9 a less degree1 is fairly entitl$ to %>e ) ,bewick 9 ! hon\r ( hav+ r5d]$ popul> 9 ?is c\ntry ! /udy ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & useful bran*es ( ,zoology--,quadrup$s & ,birds--by giv+ ! descriptions 9 simple & intelligible language1 & pres5t+ to ! eye ! v =m & "* ( ! liv+ animals4 ,z a copp]-plate engrav]1 ,mr4 ,beilby has c]ta9ly no j pret5sions to fame2 b z a compil]1 & z an able coadjutor ( ,bewick 9 simplify+ ! /udy ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & r5d]+ its mo/ int]e/+ portions easy ( atta9m5t to ! "y1 & to ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! 8sci5ce10 he des]ves high] praise ?an he has hi!rto g5]ally receiv$4 ,rog] ,?ornton's ,monum5t1 & ! ,plan ( ,newca/le1 9 ! ,rev]5d ,john ,br&'s ,hi/ory ( t t[n1 7 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,beilby4 ,mr4 ,br&'s book-plate 0 also engrav$ by him4 ,x is to be f\nd 9 mo/ ( ! books t =m]ly belong$ to t celebrat$ antiqu>y1 :o is well kn[n to all collectors f ! ext5t ( 8 pur*ases at /alls1 & ! numb] ( curi\s old books :i* he ?us occasionally obta9$4--,! ,rev]5d ,william ,turn]1 ( ,newca/le1 9 a lett] pr9t$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,june #ahja1 v9dicates ! "* ( ,mr4 ,beilby f :at he consid]s ! detractions ( ,dr4 ,gleig1 9 an article on ,wood-cuts 9 ! ,supplem5t to ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica4 ,mr4 ,beilby 0 a native ( ! city ( ,durham1 & 0 br\ght up z a silv]smi? & seal-engrav] "u 8 fa!r4 ,he di$ at ,newca/le on ! #d? ( ,janu>y #ahag1 9 ! sev5ty-f\r? ye> ( 8 age4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ec3 ,( ?is edition1 #a1hgd copies 7 pr9t$1--"o ?\s& demy octavo1 at #ajs4 #f;d42 eight hundr$ & fifty ?9 & ?ick royal1 at #acs41 & #aes42 & tw5ty-f\r imp]ial at #a #as4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! second volume1 #ahjd1 consi/$ ( ! same numb] ( copies z ! fir/1 b ! prices 7 respectively #abs41 #aes41 #ahs4 & #a #ds4 ,! p>tn]%ip betwe5 ,beilby & ,bewick hav+ be5 dissolv$ 9 #agig1 %ortly aft] ! publication ( ! fir/ volume ( ! ,birds1 ! descriptions 9 ! second1 :i* did n appe> till #ahjd1 7 writt5 by ,bewick himself1 b revis$ by ! ,rev]5d ,h5ry ,cotes1 vic> ( ,b$l+ton4 ,! publication ( ?is volume =m$ ! key-/one ( ,bewick's fame z a design] & engrav] on wood2 = ?\gh ! cuts are n sup]ior to ^? ( ! fir/1 !y are n excell$1 nor inde$ equall$1 by any t he aft]w>ds execut$4 ,! subsequ5t additions1 :e!r z cuts ( birds or tail-pieces1 are n s excell5t z num]\s--9 ?is respect ! rev]se ( ! additions to ! ,quadrup$s4 ,?\gh all ! birds 7 design$1 & ne>ly all ( !m engrav$ by ,bewick himself1 !re are yet liv+ witnesses :o c te/ify t bo? 9 ! draw+ & ! engrav+ ( ! tail-pieces he receiv$ v consid]able assi/ance f 8 pupils1 m especially f ,rob]t ,johnson z a draftsman1 & ,luke ,cl5nell z a wood engrav]4,,vii-#ed ,be=e say+ any?+ fur!r on ?is subject1 x seems necess>y to give ! foll[+ passage f ,mr4 ,atk9son's ,sket* ( ! ,life & ,works ( ,bewick4 8,) reg>d to ! circum/ance t ! ,briti% ,birds1 ) v few exceptions1 7 f9i%$ by 8 own h&1 ,i h x 9 my p[] to pl$ge myself4 ,i _h be5 a good deal surpris$ "o day by he>+ a g5tleman ass]t t v few ( !m 7 8 own "w1 all ! easy p>ts be+ execut$ by 8 pupils4 ,i saw him ! same day1 &1 talk+ ( 8 art1 inquir$ if he p]mitt$ ! assi/ance ( 8 appr5tices 9 _m cases8 ,he said1 #8,no2 x _h seldom happ5$1 & !n !y _h injur$ ! cuts v mu*4' ,i inquir$ if he c\ld rememb] any ( !m 9 :i* he _h receiv$ assi/ance8 ,he said1 #8,aye3 ,i c soon tell y !m2' &1 aft] a few m9utes' consid]ation1 he made out1 ) 8 daught]'s assi/ance1 ! ,:imbrel1 ,tuft$ ,duck1 & ,less] ,t]n3,,vii-#ee he tri$ to recollect m1 & turn+ to 8 daught]1 said1 #8,jane1 honey1 do/ ?\ rememb] any m8' ,%e consid]$ a little1 & said1 #8,no3 %e did n2 b t c]ta9ly !re 7 n half a doz5 9 all3' ^? we bo? press$ him to d ov] aga94 #8,he int5d$ x1' he said2 b1 alas6 ?is int5tion 0 prev5t$4 ,9 "s cases1 ,i am in=m$1 he made 8 pupils block out = him2 t is1 furni%$ !m ) an outl9e1 & let !m cut away ! edges ( ! block to t l9e2 b z1 9 ?is case1 ! assi/ance r5d]$ is mu* ! same z t af=d$ by a turn]'s appr5tice :5 he r\nds (f ! heavy mass ( wood 9 read9ess = a m exp]i5c$ h&1 b n a l9e ( ^: p]=mance rema9s 9 ! beautiful toy x becomes1 x does n mat]ially %ake ! au!nticity ( ! "w 9 "q40 ,footnote ,,vii-#ed3 ,p9k]ton hav+ /at$ 9 8 ,scotti% ,gall]y1 on ! au?ority ( ,messrs4 ,morison1 pr9t]s1 ( ,p]?1 t ,bewick1 8obs]v+ ! uncommon g5ius ( 8 late appr5tice1 ,rob]t ,johnson1 employ$ him to trace ! figures on ! wood 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s10 ,bewick1 9 8 lett]1 pr9t$ 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e = ,novemb] #ahje1 previ\sly quot$1 ?us d5ies ! ass]tion3 8,x is only necess>y = me to decl>e1 & ?is w be atte/$ by my p>tn] ,mr4 ,beilby1 :o compil$ ! ,hi/ory ( ,quadrup$s1 & 0 a proprietor ( ! "w1 t nei!r ,rob]t ,johnson1 nor any p]son b myself1 made ! draw+s1 or trac$ or cut !m on ! wood40--,rob]t ,johnson 0 employ$ by ,messrs4 ,morison to copy = ! ,scotti% ,gall]y sev]al portraits at ,taym\? ,ca/le1 ! seat ( ! ,e>l ( ,breadalbane4 ,bewick 9 ?is lett] c>efully avoids plead+ to t ) :i* he 0 n *>g$2 he does n d5y t sev]al ( ! draw+s ( ! tail-pieces 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds 7 made by ,rob]t ,johnson4 ,a pupil ( ,bewick's1 n[ liv+1 saw _m ( ,johnson's draw+s = ^! cuts1 & sat beside ,cl5nell :5 he 0 engrav+ !m4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ee3 ,^! ?ree cuts 7 engrav$ by "o ( ,bewick's pupils1 nam$ ,h5ry ,hole4 ,nei!r ,bewick's memory nor 8 daught]'s _h be5 accurate on ?is occasion2 b n "o ( ! o!r cuts :i* !y fail$ to recollect c be comp>$ ) ^? engrav$ by ,bewick himself4 ,9 addition to ^? ?ree1 ! foll[+1 n engrav$ by ,bewick himself1 _h appe>$ at ! "t ! above conv]sation took place--"s "t betwe5 #ahbe & #ahbf3--! ,br5t ,goose1 ! ,less] ,imb]1 & ! ,cormorant1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell2 ! ,velvet ,duck1 ! ,r$-brea/$ ,m]gans]1 & ! ,cre/$ ,cormorant1 by ,h4 ,hole2 ! ,r\gh-legg$ ,falcon1 ! ,pigmy ,s&-pip]1 ! ,r$ ,s&-pip]1 & ! ,e>$ ,grebe1 by ,w4 ,w4 ,temple4 ,?\gh x is evid5t t ,bewick meant "h simply to ass]t t all ! figures ( ! birds1 except ! few :i* he m5tions1 7 entirely engrav$ by himself1 yet 8 biograph] always speaks z if e "o ( ! cuts 9 ! "w--bo? birds & tail-pieces--7 exclusively engrav$ by ,bewick himself2 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is errone\s op9ion he ref]s to sev5 cuts,,vii-#ef z af=d+ fav\rable in/ances ( ,bewick's mann] ( repres5t+ wat]1 al?\gh n "o ( !m 0 engrav$ by him1 b by ,luke ,cl5nell1 f draw+s by himself or by ,rob]t ,johnson4 ,mr4 ,atk9son1 9 8 admiration ( ,bewick1 & 9 8 desire to exagg]ate 8 fame1 entirely ov]looks ! m]its ( ^? by :om he 0 assi/$4 ,*>lton ,nesbit & ,luke ,cl5nell r5d]$ him m assi/ance1 ?\gh n 9 ! cuts ( birds1 ?an su* z t 8af=d$ by a turn]'s appr5tice :5 he r\nds (f ! heavy mass ( wood20 & ,rob]t ,johnson1 :o design$ _m ( ! be/ ( ! tail-pieces1 drew ! human figure m correctly ?an ,bewick himself1 & 9 l&scape-draw+ 0 at lea/ 8 equal4 ,^! obs]vations are n int5d$ 9 ! lea/ to detract f ,bewick's j & des]v$ly great reputation1 b to correct ! errone\s op9ions :i* h be5 promulgat$ on ?is subject by p]sons :o knew no?+ ( ! v consid]able assi/ance :i* he receiv$ f 8 pupils 9 ! draw+ & engrav+ ( ! tail-pieces 9 8 hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ef3 8,he nev] c\ld1 he said1 please himself 9 8 repres5tations ( wat] 9 a /ate ( motion1 & a horse gallop+3 8 ta/e mu/ h be5 fa/idi\s inde$1 if t beautiful moonlight sc5e at sea1 page #abj1 vol4 ii4 edition #ahaf2 ! riv] sc5e at page #abf2 ! sea break+ among ! rocks at page #afh1 or #agg1 or #bjj1 or #baf2 or ! rippl+ ( ! wat] z x leaves ! feet ( ! old fi%]man1 at page #ie1 did n satisfy him40 ,9 sc>cely "o ( ! cuts engrav$ by ,bewick himself is wat] 9 a /ate ( motion well repres5t$4 ,he knew 8 own defici5cy 9 ?is respect2 ?\gh ,mr4 ,atk9son1 n be+ able to di/+ui% ! cuts engrav$ by ,bewick himself f ^? engrav$ by 8 pupils1 _c p]ceive x4 ,illu/ration ,?\gh ?ree ( ! be/ specim5s ( ,bewick's tal5ts z a design] & engrav] on wood--! ,bitt]n1 ! ,wood-cock1 & ! ,common ,duck,,vii-#eg--;are to be f\nd 9 ! second volume1 conta9+ ! wat]-birds1 yet ! l&-birds 9 ! fir/ volume1 f 8 be+ m famili> ) _! habits1 & 9 consequ5ce ( _! all[+ m scope = ! display ( ,bewick's excell5ce 9 ! repres5tation ( foliage1 are1 on ! :ole1 sup]ior bo? 9 design & execution to ! o!rs2 _! *>act]i/ic attitude & expression are repres5t$ ) ! greate/ tru?1 :ile1 f ! propriety ( ! back-gr\nds1 & ! beauty ( ! trees & foliage1 almo/ e cut =ms a p]fect little picture4 ,bewick's tal5t 9 p\rtray+ ! =m & "* ( birds is se5 to great advantage 9 ! hawks & ! owls2 b 8 excell5ce1 bo? z a design] & engrav] on wood1 is yet m /rik+ly display$ 9 sev]al ( ! o!r cuts conta9$ 9 ! same volume1 & among ^! ! foll[+ are p]haps ! be/4 ,! numb]s ref] to ! pages ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ,l& ,birds1 #agig4 ,! ,field-f>e1 page #ih2 ! ,yell[ ,bunt+1 a mo/ exquisite cut1 & consid]$ by ,bewick z ! be/ t he ev] engrav$1 #adc2 ! ,goldf9*1 #afe2 ! ,skyl>k1 #agh2 ! ,woodl>k1 #ahc2 ! ,less] & ! ,w9t] ,fauvette1 #bab1 #bac2 ! ,will[ ,wr51 #bbb2 ! ,wr51 #bbg2 ! ,:ite-rump1 #bbi2 ! ,cole ,titm\se1 #bda2 ! ,night-,j>1 #bfb2 ! ,dome/ic ,cock1 #bgf2 ! ,turkey1 #bhf2 ! ,p9tado1 #bic2 ! ,r$ ,gr\se1 #cja2 ! ,p>tridge1 #cje2 ! ,quail1 #cjh2 & ! ,corncrake1 #caa4--;,among ! ,birds 9 ! second volume1 fir/ edition1 #ahjd1 ! foll[+ may be in/anc$ z ! mo/ excell5t4 ,! ,wat] ,crake1 page #aj2 ! ,wat] ,rail1 #ac2 ! ,bitt]n1 #dg2 ! ,woodcock1 #fj2 ! ,common ,snipe1 #fh2 ! ,judcock1 or ,jack ,snipe1 #gc2 ! ,dunl91 #aag2 ! ,dun ,div]1 #beg2 ! ,grey ,lag ,goose1 #bib2 & ! ,common ,duck1 #ccc4 ,footnote ,,vii-#eg3 ,! cut "h giv5 is engrav$ by ,bewick at a some:at e>li] date1 = a once popul> "w entitl$ ! ,hi/ory ( ,?ree ,hundr$ ,animals1 s9ce incorporat$ 9 ,mrs4 ,l\don's 8,ent]ta9+ ,naturali/40 ,no?+ ( ! same k9d t wood engrav+ has produc$ s9ce ! "t ( ,bewick c = a mom5t be> a comp>ison ) ^! cuts4 ,!y are n to be equall$ till a design] & engrav] %all arise possess$ ( ,bewick's k ( nature1 & end[$ ) 8 happy tal5t ( express+ x4 ,bewick has 9 ?is respect effect$ m by himself ?an has be5 produc$ by "o ( our be/ wood engrav]s :5 work+ f draw+s made by a pr(essional design]1 b :o kn[s no?+ ( birds1 ( _! habits1 or ! places :i* !y frequ5t2 & has n ! slighte/ feel+ = natural incid5t or picturesque beauty4--,no m]e fac-simile engrav] ( a draw+ ready made to 8 h&1 %\ld v5ture to speak slight+ly ( ,bewick's tal5ts until he has bo? drawn & engrav$ a cut :i* may ju/ly *all5ge a comp>ison ) ! ,kyloe ,ox1 ! ,yell[-hamm]1 ! ,p>tridge1 ! ,wood-cock1 or ! ,tame ,duck4 ,bewick's /yle ( engrav+1 z display$ 9 ! ,birds1 is exclusively 8 own4 ,he adopts no conv5tional mode ( repres5t+ texture or produc+ an effect1 b skilfully avails himself ( ! mo/ simple & effective means :i* 8 art af=ds ( fai?fully & effici5tly repres5t+ 8 subject4 ,he nev] wa/es 8 "t 9 labori\s trifl+ to display 8 skill 9 execution2--he works ) a high] aim1 to repres5t nature2 &1 consequ5tly1 he nev] be/[s 8 pa9s except to express a mean+4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he has repres5t$ ! fea!rs 9 _m ( 8 birds1 is z admirable z x is p]fectly orig9al4 ,8 feel+ = 8 subject1 & 8 k ( 8 art1 sugge/ ! be/ means ( effect+ 8 end1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he has employ$ !m entitle him to rank z a wood engrav]--)\t ref]5ce to 8 m]its z a design]--among ! v be/ t h practis$ ! art4 ,illu/ration ,our copy ( 8 cut ( ! ,p>tridge1 ?\gh n equal to ! orig9al1 w p]haps to a c]ta9 ext5t s]ve to exemplify 8 practice4 ,e l9e t is to be p]ceiv$ 9 ?is bird is ! be/ t c\ld h be5 devis$ to express ! engrav]'s p]fect idea ( 8 subject4 ,! s(t d[ny plumage ( ! brea/ is repres5t$ by delicate black l9es cross$ horizontally by :ite ones1 & 9 ord] t !y may appe> comp>atively light 9 ! impression1 ! block has 9 ?is "p be5 l[]$4 ,! texture ( ! sk9 ( ! legs1 & ! m>ks ( ! toes1 are express$ ) ! greate/ accuracy2 & ! v>i$ t9ts ( ! plumage ( ! rump1 back1 w+s1 & head1 are indicat$ ) no less fidelity4--,su* a cut z ?is ,bewick w\ld execute 9 less "t ?an a mod]n ,fr5* wood engrav] w\ld require to cut ! delicate cross-hat*+s necess>y1 accord+ to ,fr5* ta/e1 to d5ote ! grey col\r ( a soldi]'s great coat4 ,! cut ( ! ,wood-cock1 ( :i* t on ! next page is a copy1 is ano!r in/ance ( ! able mann] 9 :i* ,bewick has avail$ himself ( ! capabilities ( 8 art4 ,he has "h produc$ ! mo/ p]fect lik5ess ( ! bird t ev] 0 engrav$1 & at ! same "t giv5 to 8 subject an effect1 by ! skilful managem5t ( light & %ade1 :i* x is impossible to obta9 by means ( copp]-plate engrav+4 ,bewick ?or\ghly und]/ood ! advantages ( 8 art 9 ?is respect1 & no wood engrav] or design]1 ei!r anci5t or mod]n1 has employ$ !m ) great] success1 )\t sacrific+ nature to m]e effect4 ,illu/ration ,among ! v be/ ( ,bewick's cuts1 z a specim5 ( wood engrav+1 is1 z we h already said1 ! ,common ,duck4 ,! r\nd1 full =m ( ! bird1 is repres5t$ ) ! greate/ fidelity2 ! plumage 9 all its d[ny1 smoo?1 & glossy v>iety1--on ! sides1 ! rump1 ! back1 ! w+s1 & ! head1--is s+ul>ly true to nature2 :ile ! legs & toes1 & ev5 ! webs betwe5 ! toes1 are engrav$ 9 a mann] :i* proves ! great att5tion t ,bewick1 :5 necess>y1 paid to ! m9ute/ po9ts ( detail4 ,! effect ( ! :ole is excell5t1 & ! back-gr\nd1 bo? 9 "* & execution1 is wor?y ( ?is ma/]-piece ( ,bewick z a design] & engrav] on wood4 ,! tail-pieces 9 ! fir/ editions ( ! ,birds are1 tak5 all toge!r1 ! be/ t are to be f\nd 9 any ( ,bewick's works2 b1 ?\gh x is n unlikely t he sugge/$ ! subjects1 !re is reason to believe t _m ( !m 7 drawn by ,rob]t ,johnson1 & !re _c be a d\bt t ! great] numb] ( ^? conta9$ 9 ! second volume 7 engrav$ by ,luke ,cl5nell4 ,be=e say+ any?+ m ab\t !m1 x seems necess>y to give a li/ ( ^? :i* 7 ei!r n drawn or n engrav$ by ,bewick himself2 x has be5 furni%$ by "o ( 8 e>ly pupils :o saw mo/ ( ,johnson's draw+s1 & work$ 9 ! same room ) ,cl5nell :5 he 0 engrav+ ^? :i* are "h ascrib$ to him4 ,! pages %[ :]e ^? cuts are to be f\nd 9 ! edition ( #agig & 9 t ( #ahba4 ,editions ,,volume ,i #agig #ahba page page ,b\ghs & ,bird's-ne/1 drawn & engrav$ by ,*>lton ,nesbit1 preface i i ,sportsman & ,old ,%eph]d1 drawn by ,rob]t ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick1 preface 7transf]r$ to ,vol4 ii4 preface1 page vi4 9 ! edition ( #ahba7 vi -- ,old ,man break+ /ones1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #bf xxviii ,horse runn+ away ) boys 9 ! c>t1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #hb #adf ,fox & ,bird1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #aei #adj ,w9t] piece1 ! geld>d1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #afb #afj ,editions ,,volume ,,ii #ahjd #ahba page page ,two ,old ,soldi]s1 8! ,hon\rs ( ,w>10 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick1 introduction v vii ,man creep+ along ! bran* ( a tree to cross a /ream1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #c #fc ,old ,fi%]man1 ) a lei/]1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bc #ch ,! ,brok5 ,bran*1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #ca #da ,old ,man wat*+ 8 fi%+-l9es 9 ! ra91 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #da #dh ,man angl+1 8 coat-skirts p9n$ up1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #df #eg ,old ,angl] fettl+ 8 hooks1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #ej #ig ,p>tridge %oot+1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #hb #aje ,woman hang+ out clo!s1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell 7transf]r$ to vol4 i4 page #afd1 edition ( #ahba7 #ajf -- ,man fall5 into ! wat]1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #id #bfb ,riv] sc5e1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #ajg #acb ,coa/ sc5e1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,hole #abc #abd ,coa/ sc5e1 moonlight1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #abe #abb ,coa/ sc5e1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,hole #add #adb ,begg> & ,ma/iff1 engrav$ ,l4 ,cl5nell #afj #bjg ,coa/ sc5e1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #afa #aea ,bury+-gr\nd1 drawn & engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #aff #bcg ,man & ,c[1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #agc #afa ,t9k] & 8 ,wife1 w9dy day1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,hole #agf #adh ,w9t] piece1 skat+1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson engrav$ by ,bewick #ahj #bjb ,man on a rock1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #ahb #agg ,iceb]gs1 ,%ip froz5 up1 drawn & engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #ahh #aef ,sea piece1 moonlight1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #aid #aij ,tir$ ,sportsman1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bjb #bde ,! ,glutton1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #baa #aie ,sea piece1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bae #aig ,runic ,pill>1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,john ,johnson #bbj #cdb ,esquimaux & ,canoe1 drawn & engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bcj #baa ,sea piece1 drawn & engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bch #cjf ,coa/ sc5e1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bdj #bah ,coa/ sc5e1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,bewick #bde #bbj ,man & ,dog1 engrav$ by ,h4 ,hole #bea #bbh ,geese go+ home1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bga #bfj ,boys sail+ a ,%ip1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #bhb #bfh ,old ,man & a ,horse1 go+ to m>ket ) two sacks full ( geese #bhf #bdg ,boys rid+ on grave/ones1 drawn by ,r4 ,johnson1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #cjd #cbc ,man smok+1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #ccg #cjc ,pump+ wat] on a weak leg1 engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #cdh #cjd ,sea piece1 drawn & engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #cei #cad ,sea piece1 drawn & engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell #cff #bdb ,sea piece1 drawn & engrav$ by ,l4 ,cl5nell 79 ,supplem5t to vol4 ii4 p4 #bj7 #chj -- ,?is li/ might be consid]ably increas$ by ins]t+ _m o!r tail-pieces engrav$ by ,cl5nell2 b ?is does n appe> necess>y1 z a suffici5t numb] has be5 enum]at$ to %[ t bo? 9 ! design+ & 9 ! engrav+ ( ^? cuts ,bewick receiv$ v consid]able assi/ance f 8 pupils4 ,9 ! additional tail-pieces to be f\nd 9 subsequ5t editions ! great] numb] are n engrav$ by ,bewick himself4 ,9 ! la/ edition1 publi%$ 9 #ahcb1 !re are at lea/ ?irty engrav$ by 8 pupils subsequ5t to ! "t ( ,cl5nell4 ,! head-piece at ! comm5cem5t ( ! introduction1 volume ,i4 page vii4 drawn & engrav$ by ,bewick himself1 pres5ts an excell5t view ( a f>m-y>d4 ,ev]y?+ is true to nature2 ! birds assembl$ ne> ! woman se5 w9n[+ corn are1 ?\gh on a small scale1 repres5t$ ) ! greate/ fidelity2 ev5 among ! smalle/ ! wagtail c be di/+ui%$ f ! sp>r[4 ,! dog1 feel+ no int]e/ 9 ! bus9ess1 is se5 quietly re/+ on ! dunghill2 b ! *uckl+ ( ! h5s1 ann\nc+ t some?+ l eat+ is go+ =w>d1 has evid5tly excit$ ! att5tion ( ! old s[1 & br\ght h] & h] litt] into ! y>d 9 ! expectation ( gett+ a %>e4 ,! season1 ! latt] end ( autumn1 is indicat$ by ! flight ( field-f>es1 & ! comp>atively nak$ appe>ance ( ! trees2 & we p]ceive t x is a cle>1 bright day f ! /rong %ad[ ( ! ladd] project$ aga9/ ! wall1 & on ! ?at*$ ro( ( ! ou?\se4 ,a h]on1 a cr[1 & a magpie are p]ceiv$ nail$ aga9/ ! gable end ( ! b>n2 & a c\ple ( pigeons are se5 fly+ above ! h\se4 ,! cut =ms at once an int]e/+ picture ( c\ntry life1 & a graphic summ>y ( ! cont5ts ( ! "w4 ,among ! tail-pieces drawn & engrav$ by ,bewick himself1 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,birds1 ! foll[+ appe> mo/ des]v+ ( notice4 ,9 volume ,i43 ,a travell] dr9k+1--suppos$ to repres5t a sket* ( 8 own co/ume :5 mak+ a t\r ( ! ,lakes 9 #aggf1--;introduc$ twice1 at ! end ( ! cont5ts1 page xxx4 & aga9 at page #agg4 ,a man wat]+1 9 a diff]5t s5se to ! prec$+1 a v natural1 ?\gh n a v delicate subject1 at page #db4 ,at page #fb1 an old mill]1 ly+ asleep beh9d "s bu%es2 he has evid5tly be5 tipsy & f ! date on a /one to ! left1 we are l$ to suppose t he _h be5 indulg+ too freely on ! ,k+'s bir?-day1 #d? ,june4 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( ! cut4 ,two c[s /&+ 9 a pool1 "u ! %ade ( a dyke-back1 on a w>m day1 page #gd4 ,9 ?is cut ,bewick has introduc$ a sket* ( a magpie *as$ by a hawk1 b sav$ f ! talons ( its pursu] by ! timely int]f]5ce ( a c\ple ( cr[s4 ,w9t] sc5e1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a copy1 at page #gh4 ,"s boys h made a l>ge sn[ man1 :i* excites ! special wond]m5t ( a horse2 & ,bewick1 to give ! subject a moral application1 has add$ 8,e/o p]petua60 at ! bottom ( ! cut3 ! great "w ( ! little m51 h[ev] !y may admire x1 & wi% = its endurance1 w be dissolv$ on ! fir/ ?aw4 ,at page #ig ! appe>ance ( mi/ & ra9 is well express$2 & 9 ! cut ( a poa*] track+ a h>e1 ! sn[ is no less naturally repres5t$4 ,at page #aeg1 a man rid+ ) a h[dy--a midwife--beh9d him1 "p ( ! cut appe>s cov]$ ) a leaf4 ,bewick once be+ ask$ ! mean+ ( ?is1 said t 8x 0 done to indicate t ! sc5e :i* 0 to foll[ requir$ to be conceal$40 ,at page #aid we p]ceive a full-f$ old *url hang+ 8 cat2 at page #bbf1 a h5 attack+ a dog2 & at page #bha1 two cocks fight+1--all ?ree excell5t ( _! k9d4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,bewick's hum\r occasionally v]ges on positive grossness1 & a gl>+ in/ance ( 8 want ( delicacy pres5ts itself 9 ! tail-piece at page #bhe4 ,aft] ! "w 0 pr9t$ (f ,bewick became aw>e t ! nak$ness ( a prom95t "p ( 8 subject requir$ to be cov]$1 & "o ( 8 appr5tices 0 employ$ to black5 x ov] ) ink4 ,9 ! next edition a plug 0 ins]t$ 9 ! block1 & ! repres5tation ( two b>s ( wood engrav$ ^u x to hide ! (f5sive "p4 ,! cut1 h[ev]1 ev5 ?us am5d$1 is /ill extremely indelicate4,,vii-#eh ,footnote ,,vii-#eh3 ,! subject ( ?is cut is ?us expla9$ 9 ,brockett's ,gloss>y ( ,nor? ,c\ntry ,words3 8,,n$dy1 ,,netty1 a c]ta9 place t w n be> a writt5 explanation2 b :i* is depict$ to ! v life 9 a tail-piece 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,bewick's ,l& ,birds1 p4 #bhe4 ,9 ! second edition a b> is plac$ aga9/ ! (f5d+ "p ( ?is broad display ( native hum\r40 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( ! head-piece at ! comm5cem5t ( ! adv]tisem5t to ! second volume4 ,x repres5ts an old man say+ grace ) clos$ eyes1 :ile 8 cat avails h]self ( ! opportunity ( mak+ free ) 8 porridge4 ,! ,rev]5d ,h5ry ,cotes1 vic> ( ,b$l+ton1 happ5+ to call on ,bewick :5 he 0 f9i%+ ?is cut1 express$ 8 disapprobation ( ! subject1 z hav+ a t5d5cy to ridicule ! practice ( an act ( devotion2 b ,bewick d5i$ t he _h any su* int5tion1 & w\ld n cons5t to omit ! cut4 ,he drew a di/9ction betwe5 ! act & ! p]=m]2 & ?\gh he might approve ( say+ grace be=e meat1 he c\ld n help laugh+ at "o ( ! ov]-righte\s1 :o1 :ile crav+ a bless+ ) hypocritical grimace1 & ) eyes clos$ to outw>d ?+s1 loses a pres5t good4 ,! head-piece to ! cont5ts pres5ts an excell5t sket* ( an old man go+ to m>ket on a w9dy & ra9y day4 ,! old horse on :i* he is m\nt$ has become re/ive1 & ! rid] has bo? brok5 8 /ick & lo/ 8 hat4 ,! horse seems det]m9$ n to move till x suits 8 own pleasure2 & x is evid5t t ! old man d>e n get d[n to recov] 8 hat1 =1 %\ld he d s1 encumb]$ z he is ) a heavy basket ov] 8 left arm & an egg-panni] slung ov] 8 %\ld]1 he w n be able to rem\nt4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal tail-pieces drawn & engrav$ by ,bewick himself 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! second volume ( ! ,birds1 #ahjd4 ,a %oot] ) a gun at 8 back cross+ a /ream on long /ilts1 page #e4 ,an old wood5-legg$ begg> gnaw+ a bone ne> ! entrance to a g5tleman's h\se1 & a dog beside him eag]ly wat*+ = ! rev]sion1 page #bg4 ,a dog ) a kettle ti$ to 8 tail1 pursu$ by boys1--a great hulk+ fell[1 evid5tly a blacksmi?1 /&+ ) fold$ arms enjoy+ ! sport1 page #ef4 ,a man cross+ a froz5 /ream1 ) a bran* ( a tree betwe5 8 legs1 to support him %\ld ! ice happ5 to break1 page #he4 ,a monkey ba/+ a goose t is se5 roa/+1 page #bfc4 ,an old woman ) a pit*]1 driv+ away "s geese f a well1 page #bia4 ,an old begg>-woman assail$ by a g&]1 page #cac4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ! tail-pieces subsequ5tly ins]t$ is t :i* occurs at ! end ( ! description ( ! ,moor-buzz>d1 volume ,i4 9 ! editions ( #ahaf & #ahba1 & at page #ca 9 ! edition ( #ahcb4 ,x repres5ts two dy]s c>ry+ a tub betwe5 !m by means ( a c[l-/aff2 & ! figures1 ,mr4 ,atk9son says1 are portraits ( two old m5 belong+ to ,ov+ham1--8! "o on ! "r be+ #8auld ,tommy ,dobson ( ! ,blea* ,gre51' & ! o!r #8,mat4 ,c>r4'0,,vii-#ei ,! action ( ! m5 is excell5t1 & _! expression is 9 p]fect accordance ) ! bus9ess 9 :i* !y are engag$--to wit1 c>ry+ _! tub full ( *emm]ly--*amb]-lye--to ! dye-h\se4 ,! olfactory organs ( bo? are evid5tly affect$ by ! pung5t od\r ( _! load4 ,x may be necess>y to obs]ve t ! dy]s ( ,ov+ham _h at t "t a g5]al res]voir 9 ! village1 to :i* mo/ ( ! cottag]s 7 contributors2 b z ea* family _h ! privilege ( supply+ !mselves f x ) z mu* z !y requir$ = sc\r+ & wa%+1 x sometimes happ5$ t ! dy]s f\nd _! tr\gh empty1 & 7 consequ5tly oblig$ to solicit a supply f su* p]sons z kept a private /ock ( _! own4 ,z !y 7 bo? irritable old m51 ! phrase1 8,he's l a rais$ enrag$ dy] begg+ *emm]ly10 became prov]bial 9 ,ov+ham to d5ote a p]son 9 a passion4 ,?is cut1 z ,i am in=m$ by "o ( ,bewick's old pupils1 0 copi$ on ! block & engrav$ by ,luke ,cl5nell f a wat]-col\r draw+ by ,rob]t ,johnson4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ei3 8,mr4 ,atk9son mu/ h misund]/ood ,bewick1 z ! old man's "n 0 ,george1 n ,mat!w1 ,c>r4 ,he 0 gr&fa!r to ,edw>d ,willis1 "o ( ,bewick's pupils1 & to ,george ,/eph5son1 ! celebrat$ eng9e]4 ,mat!w ,c>r 0 a tailor1 :o liv$ & di$ at ,righton1 9 ,durham40--,,jno4 ,,jackson4 ,:5 ! second volume ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds 0 publi%$1 9 #ahjd1 ,bewick _h rea*$ 8 fiftie? ye>2 b ?\gh 8 p[]s z a wood engrav] cont9u$ = long aft]w>ds unimpair$1 yet he subsequ5tly produc$ no?+ to ext5d 8 fame4 ,! ret\*+ ( ! blocks = ! repeat$ editions ( ! ,quadrup$s & ! ,birds1 & ! engrav+ ( new cuts = ! latt] "w1 occupi$ a consid]able "p ( 8 "t4 ,he also engrav$1 by himself & pupils1 sev]al cuts = diff]5t works1 b !y are g5]ally su* z add no?+ to 8 reputation4 ,bewick nev] engrav$ ) pleasure f ano!r p]son's draw+2 9 l>ge cuts1 consi/+ *iefly ( human figures1 he did n excel4 ,8 excell5ce consi/$ 9 ! repres5tation ( animals & 9 l&scape4 ,! ,fables1 :i* _h be5 project$ previ\s to #agie1 also occasionally occupi$ 8 att5tion4 ,?is "w1 :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 #ahah1 0 by no means s fav\rably receiv$ z ! ,quadrup$s & ! ,birds2 & sev]al ( ,bewick's greate/ admir]s1 :o _h be5 l$ to expect some?+ bett]1 op5ly express$ _! disappo9tm5t4 ,dr4 ,dibd91 speak+ ( ! ,fables1 says1 8,x w\ld be a species ( sc&alum magnatum to depreciate any production connect$ ) ! "n ( ,bewick2 b ,i w fe>lessly & hone/ly av] t 8 sop disappo9t$ me2 ! m s1 z 8 ,birds & ,bea/s are volumes p]fectly classical ( _! k9d40 ,! disappo9tm5t1 h[ev]1 t 0 felt ) respect to ?is "w result$ p]haps r f p expect+ too mu* ?an f any defici5cy 9 ! cuts z illu/rations ( ,fables4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 repres5t+ birds & bea/s 9 _! natural "*1 & repres5t+ !m z actors 9 imag9>y sc5es4 ,we d n reg>d ! cock & ! fox hold+ an imag9>y conv]sation1 h[ev] ably repres5t$1 ) ! int]e/ ) :i* we look ^u ea* :5 fai?fully depict$ 9 its prop] "*4 ,! tail-piece ( ! bit* see+ h] dr[n$ puppies1 at page #cfd ( ! ,quadrup$s1 edition #ahbd1 is f> m int]e/+ ?an any cut illu/rative ( a fable 9 sop2--we at once feel its tru?1 & admire x1 because x is natural4 ,birds & bea/s repres5t$ z p]=m+ human *>act]s c nev] int]e/ s mu* z :5 naturally depict$ 9 _! own4 ,su* cuts may display great fancy & mu* skill on ! "p ( ! arti/1 b !y nev] c excite true feel+4 ,! m>tyr ,cock ,rob91 kill$ by t malici\s ar*] ! ,sp>r[1 is n s int]e/+ z pla9 ,rob9 ,r$brea/ pick+ up crumbs at a cottage-door 9 ! sn[3-- 8,"o t\* ( nature makes ! :ole _w k940 ,:atev] may be ! m]its or defects ( ! cuts 9 ^? ,fables1 ,bewick mo/ c]ta9ly _h v little to d ) !m2 = by f> ! great] numb] 7 design$ by ,rob]t ,johnson1 & engrav$ by ,w4 ,w4 ,temple & ,william ,h>vey1 :ile yet 9 _! appr5tice%ip4 ,9 ! :ole volume !re are n m ?an ?ree ( ! l>ge/ cuts engrav$ by ,bewick himself4,,vii-#fj ,! tail-pieces 9 ?is "w w n be> a comp>ison ) ^? 9 ! ,birds2 ! subjects are (t5 bo? trite & tamely treat$2 ! devil & ! gall[s--,bewick's two /ock-pieces--occur r too frequ5tly1 consid]+ t ! book is *iefly int5d$ = ! improvem5t ( "y m9ds2 & 9 _m in/ances nature has be5 sacrific$ 9 ord] t ! moral might be obvi\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cr[ ,,& ,,! ,,lamb4 ,footnote ,,vii-#fj3 ,! cuts engrav$ by ,bewick himself are3 a tail-piece 7a ,c[ /&+ "u "s bu%es7 to 8,! ,two ,frogs10 page #bjj4 ,! fable ( 8,! ,de] & ! ,lion10 page #cae4 8,wait+ = ,dea?10 page #cch4 ,he also engrav$ ! figure ( ! ,lion 9 ! fable ( 8,! ,lion & ! f\r ,bulls10 page #hi 7see cut at our page #dhj74 ,! ,man1 ,cr[1 & ,%eep 9 ! fable ( ! 8,eagle & ! ,cr[10 ( :i* we give ! orig9al cut4 ,! ,man & two ,birds 9 ! fable ( 8,! ,husb&man & ! ,/ork40 ,! lett]-press 0 entirely select$ & arrang$ by ,bewick himself1 & "o or two ( ! fables 7 ( 8 own writ+4 ,?\gh an excell5t illu/rator ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,bewick is b an indiff]5t fabuli/4,,vii-#fa ,?\gh ! "w is pr(ess$ly int5d$ = ! in/ruction ( ! "y1 !re are c]ta9ly a few tail-pieces introduc$ = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! m advanc$ 9 ye>s2 & ( ?is k9d is ! old begg> & 8 trull ly+ asleep1 & a bull look+ ov] a rail at !m4 ,! explanation ( ?is subject w\ld c]ta9ly h little t5d5cy to improve "y m9ds4 ,bewick1 ?\gh v fond ( introduc+ ! devil 9 8 cuts to fright5 ! wick$1 does n appe> to h be5 will+ t a rant+ prea*] %\ld 9 8 disc\rses avail himself ( ! same "*1 ?\gh to effect ! same purpose1 z we le>n f ! foll[+ anecdote relat$ by ,mr4 ,atk9son4 8,cant & hypocrisy he 7,bewick7 v mu* dislik$4 ,a rant] took up 8 abode ne> ,*]ry-burn1 & us$ daily to horrify ! c\ntry p ) v famili> details ( ultra-/ygian proce$+s4 ,bewick w5t to he> him1 & aft] li/5+ pati5tly = "s "t to a blasphem\s recital ( su* horrors1 at :i* ! poor p 7 gap+ ) affright1 he got beh9d ! hold]-=?1 & p9*+ 8 elb[1 address$ him :5 he turn$ r\nd ) great solemnity3 #8,n[ !n ?\ seems to "k a great deal ab\t ! devil1 & has be5 fright5+ u a long :ile ab\t him3 c ?\ tell me :e!r he we>s 8 own hair or a wig8'0--,?is is a bad joke2--! qu]y might h be5 retort$ ) effect4 ,! engrav]1 x seems1 might introduce 8 ,satanic maje/y ad libitum 9 8 cuts2 b :5 a rant+ prea*] takes ! same lib]ty 9 8 disc\rses1 he is call$ ^u to give pro( ( p]sonal acqua9tance4 ,footnote ,,vii-#fa3 ,! fable ( ! ,%ip ,dog is "o ( ^? writt5 by ,bewick4 ,bewick's morality 0 r rigid ?an *e]ful2 & he 0 b too prone to ?9k un*>itably ( o!rs1 ^: conduct & motives1 :5 weigh$ 9 ! scales ( imp>tial ju/ice1 7 p]haps z correct & z pure z 8 own4 ,8 good m5 are (t5 repres5t$ z some:at cold1 selfi% individuals1 ) little sympa?y = ! m un=tunate ( _! species1 ^: errors are z (t5 ! result ( ignorance z ( a positively vici\s "*4 ,z a morali/1 he 0 accu/om$ to look at ! d>k r ?an ! bright side ( human nature1 & h5ce 8 t5d5cy to br& ^? ) :om he might diff] 9 op9ion z fools & knaves4 ,"o ( ! fables1 writt5 by himself1 0 object$ to by ! pr9t]1 ! late ,mr4 ,e4 ,walk]1 & at 8 reque/ x 0 omitt$4 ,we give a copy ( ! cut int5d$ = x4 ,! _w is repres5t$ z hav+ lo/ its balance1 & legions ( 8 fav\rite devils are se5 hurl$ ab\t 9 a confus$ vortex4 ,! fable1 x is said1 0 int5d$ z a satire on ! m9i/]ial politics ( ! "t4 ,a ?umb-m>k is se5 at ! upp] end ( :at is int5d$ to repres5t a piece ( pap] =m+ "p ( ! page ( a ,bible pa/$ across ! cut4 ,a simil> m>k is to be f\nd at page #age ( ! ,l& ,birds1 fir/ edition1 #agig1 & 9 ! bill & receipt prefix$ to ! ,fables1 #ahah-ahbc4 ,illu/ration ,9 a novel1 entitl$ 8,su* is ! ,_w10 !re is ! foll[+ errone\s acc\nt ( ,bewick's reason = affix+ 8 ?umb-m>k to ?is bill4,,vii-#fb 8,hav+ complet$ 8 task to ! entire satisfaction ( 8 own m9d1 ,mr4 ,bewick be?\ght him ( engrav+ a frontispiece4 ,b hav+ "s suspicion t ! said frontispiece might be pirat$ by "s ( ^? corsairs :o infe/ ! ocean ( lit]ature1 he resolv$ to put a m>k on x1 :]eby all m5 might di/+ui% x z readily z a fi%]man di/+ui%es a haddock,,vii-#fc f a cod-fi%4 ,accord+ly1 he t\*$ ) 8 ?umb ! little black ball ) :i* he 0 wont to ink 8 cuts1 9 ord] to take (f pro( impressions ( 8 "w3 he !n v delib]ately press$ 8 ?umb on ! frontispiece :i* he 0 at t mom5t engrav+1 & cut ! mo/ beautiful image ( ! orig9al1 :i* he designat$ by ! appropriate words #8,john ,bewick1 8 m>k4'0 ,_h ! writ] look$ at ! 8frontispiece10 z he calls x1 he w\ld h f\nd 8,?omas10 & n 8,john40 ,! conclusion ( ?is acc\nt is a fair sample ( its g5]al accuracy4 ,9 a prelim9>y obs]vation ! au?or1 ) equal correctness1 in=ms 8 read]s t ! "w 9 :i* ?is 8frontispiece0 appe>$ 0 8a sup]b edition ( ,gay's ,fables40 ,footnote ,,vii-#fb3 ,mr4 ,atk9son says t ?is acc\nt det]m9$ ,bewick to write a life ( himself4 ,x appe>s t he actually complet$ su* a "w1 b t 8 family at pres5t decl9e to publi% x4 ,mr4 ,jackson adds1 8,i engrav$ two portraits = x3 "o 0 a portrait ( ! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,turn]1 ( ,newca/le1 ! o!r t ( an eng9e] or millwright1 at ,morpe?1 nam$ ,ra/ack1 or ,rai/ick40 ,footnote ,,vii-#fc3 8,!re is a tradition t ! two black m>ks on ! opposite sides ( ! haddock 7 occasion$ by ,/4 ,pet]'s ?umb & =e-f+] :5 he took ! piece ( money out ( ! fi%'s m\? to give x z a tribute to ,cs>40 ,bewick's m>k is1 9 fact1 add$ to ?is bill m]ely z a je/2 ! mode :i* he took to au!nticate ! copies t 7 actually issu$ by himself1 & n pilf]$ by any ( ! workm5 employ$ ab\t ! pr9t+-(fice1,,vii-#fd 0 to pr9t at 8 own "w-%op1 9 r$ ink f a copp]-plate1 a repres5tation ( a piece ( sea-we$ ly+ above ! wood-cut :i* _h previ\sly be5 pr9t$ (f at a pr9t+-(fice4 ,?is mode ( pr9t+ a copp]-plate ov] a wood-cut 0 a "p ( "o ( ! plans :i* he _h devis$ to prev5t ! =g]y ( bank-notes4,,vii-#fe ,footnote ,,vii-#fd3 ,bewick's suspicions 9 ?is respect 7 n altoge!r gr\ndless4 ,happ5+ to g into a bookb9d]'s %op 9 ,newca/le 9 #ahah1 he f\nd a copy ( 8 ,fables1 :i* _h be5 s5t !re to b9d be=e ! "w _h be5 issu$ to ! public4 ,he claim$ ! book z 8 prop]ty1 & c>ri$ x away2 b ! "n ( ! own] :o _h pur*as$ x1 kn[+ x to h be5 di%one/ly obta9$1 0 n publicly divulg$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#fe3 ,ab\t #agii ,bewick frequ5tly correspond$ ) ,mr4 ,abraham ,newl&1 ca%i] ( ! ,bank ( ,engl&1 respect+ a plan :i* he _h devis$ to prev5t ! =g]y ( bank notes4 ,he 0 (f]$ a situation 9 ! ,bank to sup]9t5d ! engrav+ & pr9t+ ( ! notes1 b he refus$ to leave ,newca/le4 ,! notes ( ,ridley & ,co4's bank 7 = _m ye>s engrav$ & pr9t$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,bewick1 :o1 aft] ,mr4 ,beilby's retirem5t1 /ill cont9u$ ! bus9ess ( copp]-plate engrav+ & pr9t+1 & = ?is purpose always kept presses ( 8 own4 ,! fir/ ( ! two foll[+ cuts1 copi$ f 8 ,fables1 records ! decease ( ,bewick's "m1 :o di$ on ! #bj? ( ,febru>y #aghe1 ag$ #eh2 & ! second t ( 8 fa!r1 :o di$ on ! #ae? ( ,novemb] 9 ! same ye>1 ag$ #gj4 ,! la/ ev5t also m>ks ! day on :i* he began to engrave ! fir/ cut int5d$ = ! ,quadrup$s4 ,?is cut 0 ! ,arabian ,camel1 or ,drom$>y1 & he _h made v little progress ) x :5 a mess5g] arriv$ f ,*]ry-burn to in=m him ( 8 fa!r's dea?4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,sev]al ye>s previ\s to 8 decease ,bewick _h devis$ an improvem5t1 :i* consi/$ 9 pr9t+ a subject f two or m blocks1--n 9 ! mann] ( *i>o-scuros1 b 9 ord] to obta9 a great] v>iety ( t9t1 & a bett] effect ?an c\ld be obta9$1 )\t great lab\r1 9 a cut pr9t$ 9 black ink f a s+le block4 ,?is improvem5t1 :i* _h be5 sugge/$ by ,papillon 9 #agfh1 ,bewick proce$$ to c>ry into effect4 ,! subject :i* he made *oice ( to exemplify :at he consid]$ 8 orig9al discov]y1 0 an old horse wait+ = dea?4,,vii-#ff ,he accord+ly made ! draw+ on a l>ge block consi/+ ( f\r diff]5t pieces1 & =?) proce$$ to engrave x4 ,he h[ev] did n live to complete 8 int5tion2 = ev5 ?is block1 :i* he meant m]ely = ! fir/ impression--! subject hav+ to be complet$ by a second--rema9$ unf9i%$ at 8 decease4,,vii-#fg ,he _h1 h[ev]1 f9i%$ x all ) ! exception ( "p ( ! horse's head1 & :5 9 ?is /ate he _h f\r impressions tak5 ab\t a week be=e 8 dea?4 ,x 0 on ?is occasion t he exclaim$1 :5 ! pressman h&$ him ! pro(1 8,i wi% ,i 0 b tw5ty ye>s y\ng]60 ,footnote ,,vii-#ff3 ,a small cut ( ! same subject1 ?\gh ) a diff]5t back-gr\nd1 occurs z a tail-piece 9 ! ,fables1 #ahah-ahbc4 ,footnote ,,vii-#fg3 ,! la/ bird t ,bewick engrav$ 0 ! ,cream-col\r$ ,plov]1 at page #chc1 vol4 i4 ( ! ,birds1 9 ! edition ( #ahcb4 ,sev]al ye>s previ\s to 8 dea? he _h project$ a ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,fi%es1 b v little progress 0 made 9 ! "w4 ,a few cuts ( fi%es 7 engrav$1 *iefly by 8 pupils2 t ( ! ,john ,dory1 an impression ( :i* is said to h be5 sold = a consid]able sum1 is "o ( ^? n engrav$ by ,bewick himself4 ,z a "w ( art ! value ( an ,india pap] impression ( ! ,john ,dory may be ab\t twop5ce4 ,?is cut is an e>ly p]=mance ( ,mr4 ,jackson's1 :o also engrav$1 9 #ahbc1 ab\t tw5ty ( ! additional tail-pieces 9 ! la/ edition ( ! ,birds1 #ahcb4 ,?is cut1 ) ! head said to h be5 f9i%$ by ano!r p]son1 0 publi%$ by ,bewick's son1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,elliott ,bewick1 9 #ahcb4 ,x is ! l>ge/ cut t ,bewick ev] engrav$1,,vii-#fh b hav+ be5 left by him 9 an unf9i%$ /ate1 x w\ld be impossible to say :at he might h effect$ _h he liv$ to "w out 8 ideas1 & unfair to judge ( x z if x 7 a f9i%$ p]=mance4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 b j to rem>k1 t ! mis]able appe>ance ( ! poor1 worn-out1 neglect$ animal1 is repres5t$ ) great feel+ & tru?1--except+ ! head1 :i* is disproportionately l>ge & heavy1--& t ! l&scape displays ,bewick's usual fidelity 9 copy+ nature4 ,footnote ,,vii-#fh3 ,?is cut is elev5 in*es & five-eigh?s wide by eight in*es & ?ree-f\r?s high4 ,x is entitl$1 8,wait+ = ,dea?3 ,bewick's la/ "w1 left unf9i%$1 & int5d$ to h be5 complet$ by a s]ies ( impressions f sep>ate blocks pr9t$ ov] ea* o!r40 ,bewick's life af=ds a useful lesson to all :o wi% to atta9 di/9ction 9 art1 & at ! same "t to pres]ve _! indep5d5ce4 ,he dilig5tly cultivat$ 8 tal5ts1 & nev] tru/$ to booksell]s or design]s = employm5t4 ,he did n "w accord+ to ! directions ( o!rs1 b /ruck out a pa? = himself2 & by dilig5tly pursu+ x accord+ to ! b5t ( 8 own feel+s1 he acquir$ bo? a compet5ce ) respect to worldly means & an ample rew>d ( fame4 ,! success ( 8 works did n r5d] him inatt5tive to bus9ess2 & he 0 nev] tempt$ by ! prospect ( increas+ weal? to indulge 9 exp5sive pleasures1 nor to live 9 a mann] :i* 8 circum/ances did n w>rant4 ,:at he _h hone/ly e>n$ he frugally husb&$2 &1 l a prud5t man1 made a provision = 8 old age4 8,! h& ( ! dilig5t10 says ,solomon1 8make? ri*40 ,?is ,bewick felt1 & 8 life may be cit$ 9 ! exemplification ( ! tru? ( ! prov]b4 ,he acquir$ n inde$ great weal?1 b he atta9$ a compet5ce1 & 0 grateful & cont5t$4 ,no fav\r$ wor%ipp] ( ,mammon1 ?\gh possess$ ( millions obta9$ by 8wat*+ ! turn ( ! m>ket10 c\ld say m4 ,he 0 extremely regul> & me?odical 9 8 habits ( bus9ess3 until )9 a few ye>s ( 8 dea? he us$ to come to 8 %op 9 ,newca/le f 8 h\se 9 ,gate%ead at a c]ta9 h\r 9 ! morn+1 return+ to 8 d9n] at a c]ta9 "t1 &1 z he us$ to say1 lapp+ up at night1 z if he 7 a workman employ$ by ! day1 & subject to a loss by be+ abs5t a s+le h\r4 ,:5 any ( 8 works 7 9 ! press1 ! fir/ ?+ he did ea* morn+1 aft] call+ at 8 own %op1 0 to proce$ to ! pr9t]'s to see :at progress !y 7 mak+1 & to give directions to ! pressm5 ab\t pr9t+ ! cuts4,,vii-#fi ,x is inde$ ow+ to 8 att5tion 9 ?is respect t ! cuts 9 all ! editions ( 8 works publi%$ dur+ 8 life-"t are s well pr9t$4 ,! edition ( ! ,birds1 publi%$ 9 #ahcb1 displays num]\s in/ances ( ! want ( ,bewick's own sup]9t5d5ce3 ei!r ?r\gh ! c>elessness or ignorance ( ! pressm51 _m ( ! cuts are q spoil$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#fi3 ,:5 ,bewick remov$ ! pr9t+ ( 8 works f ,mr4 ,hodgson's (fice to t ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,walk]1 a pressman1 nam$ ,b>l[1 0 br\ght f ,london = ! purpose ( pr9t+ ! cuts 9 ! second volume ( ! ,birds 9 a prop] mann]4 ,bewick's fav\rite pressman at ,mr4 ,hodgson's 0 ,john ,simpson4 ,! foll[+ cut repres5ts a view ( ,bewick's work%op 9 ,/4 ,ni*olas' ,*ur*y>d1 ,newca/le4 ,! upp] room1 ! two w9d[s ( :i* are se5 9 ! ro(1 0 t 9 :i* he work$ 9 ! latt] ye>s ( 8 life4 ,9 ?is %op he engrav$ ! cuts :i* w p]petuate 8 "n2 & !re = upw>ds ( fifty ye>s 0 he accu/om$ to sit1 /eadily & *e]fully pursu+ ! lab\r t he lov$4 ,he us$ always to "w ) 8 hat on2 & :5 any g5tleman or nobleman call$ ^u him1 he only remov$ x = a mom5t on 8 fir/ ent]+4 ,he us$ frequ5tly to :i/le :5 at "w1 & he 0 seldom )\t a l>ge quid ( tobacco 9 8 m\?4 ,! prom95ce occasion$ by ! quid1 :i* he kept betwe5 8 "u lip & 8 tee?1 & n 9 8 *eek1 is indicat$ 9 mo/ ( 8 portraits4 ,illu/ration ,a /ick1 :i* _h be5 8 bro!r ,john's1 0 a great fav\rite ) him1 & he g5]ally c>ri$ x 9 8 walks1 always c>efully putt+ x 9 a c]ta9 place :5 he ent]$ 8 workroom4 ,he us$ to be v p>tial to a draught ( wat] 9 ! aft]noon1 imm$iately be=e leav+ "w4 ,! wat] 0 br\ght fre% by "o ( ! appr5tices f ! pant at ! head ( ! ,side1 9 an e>!nw>e jug1 & ! glass :i* ,bewick us$ to dr9k ! wat] out (1 01 z soon z done )1 c>efully lock$ up 9 8 book-case4 ,"o ( 8 appr5tices once happ5+ to break ! jug1 ,bewick scold$ him well = 8 c>elessness1 & made him pay twop5ce t[>ds buy+ ano!r4 ,bewick 0 a man ( a?letic make1 be+ ne>ly six feet high1 & proportionally /\t4 ,he possess$ great p]sonal c\rage1 & 9 8 y\ng] days 0 n sl[ to repay an insult ) p]sonal *a/isem5t4 ,on "o occasion be+ assault$ by two pitm5 on return+ f a visit to ,*]ry-burn1 he resolutely turn$ ^u ! aggressors1 &1 z he said1 8paid !m bo? well40 ,?\gh h>d-featur$1 & mu* m>k$ ) ! small-pox1 ! expression ( ,bewick's c\nt5ance 0 manly & op51 & 8 d>k eyes sp>kl$ ) intellig5ce4 ,!re is a good bu/ ( him by ,bailey 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,newca/le1 & ! be/ engrav$ portrait is p]haps t ( ,burnet1 aft] a pa9t+ by ,ramsey4,,vii-#gj ,! portrait on page #eaj1 engrav$ on wood1 is ano!r attempt to p]petuate ! lik5ess ( "o to :om ! art owes s mu*4 ,footnote ,,vii-#gj3 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! pr9cipal engrav$ portraits ( ,bewick3 on copp]1 by ,j4 ,a4 ,kidd1 f a pa9t+ by ,miss ,kirkley1 #agih4 ,on copp]1 by ,?omas ,ranson1 aft] a pa9t+ by ,william ,ni*olson1 #ahaf4 ,on copp]1 by ,i4 ,summ]field1 f a m9iature by ,murphy--t allud$ to 9 ,bewick's lett] to ,mr4 ,c4 ,gregson1 previ\sly quot$--#ahaf4 ,on copp]1 by ,john ,burnet1 f a pa9t+ by ,james ,ramsey1 #ahag4 ,copies ( all ^? portraits1 engrav$ on wood1 are giv5 9 ,*>nley's edition ( ,select ,fables1 #ahbj2 & !re is also prefix$ to ! "w a portrait excell5tly engrav$ on wood by ,*>lton ,nesbit1 "o ( ,bewick's e>lie/ pupils1 f a draw+ made on ! block by ,william ,ni*olson4--,9 ! ,memoir ( ,?omas ,bewick1 prefix$ to ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,p>rots1 ,naturali/'s ,libr>y1 vol4 vi41 x is incorrectly /at$ t ,ranson1 ! engrav] ( "o ( ! above portraits1 0 a pupil ( ,bewick's4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,j4 ,a4 ,kidd1 copp]-plate engrav]1 ,newca/le4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahbh ,bewick visit$ ,london2 b he 0 !n evid5tly 9 a decl9+ /ate ( heal?1 & he _h lo/ mu* ( 8 =m] en]gy ( m9d4 ,sc>cely any?+ t he saw int]e/$ him1 & he long$ no less ?an 9 8 y\ng] ye>s to return to ! banks ( ! ,tyne4 ,he _h ceas$ to feel an int]e/ 9 objects :i* =m]ly af=d$ him great pleasure2 = :5 8 old fri5d1 ! late ,mr4 ,william ,bulm]1 drove him r\nd ! ,reg5t's ,p>k1 he decl9$ to alight = ! purpose ( visit+ ! collection ( animals 9 ! ,g>d5s ( ! ,zoological ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,bewick4 ,on 8 return to ,newca/le he appe>$ = a %ort "t to enjoy 8 usual heal? & spirits4 ,on ! ,saturday prec$+ 8 dea? he took ! block ( ! ,old ,horse wait+ = ,dea? to ! pr9t]'s1 & _h x prov$2 on ! foll[+ ,monday he became unwell1 & aft] a few days' illness he ceas$ to exi/4 ,he di$ at 8 h\se on ! ,w9dmill-hills1 ,gate%ead1 on ! #h? ( ,novemb]1 #ahbh1 ag$ sev5ty-five4 ,he 0 buri$ at ,ov+ham1 & ! foll[+ cut repres5ts a view ( ! place ( 8 int]m5t1 ne> ! we/ end ( ! *ur*4 ,! tablets se5 9 ! wall are ^? erect$ to ! memory ( himself & 8 bro!r ,john4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ are ! inscriptions on ! tablets3 ,9 ,memory ( ,,john ,,bewick1 ,engrav]1 ,:o di$ ,decemb]1 #e1 #agie1 ,ag$ #ce ye>s4 ,8 ,+5uity z an ,arti/ 0 excell$ only by 8 ,conduct z a ,man4 ,! ,burial ,place ( ,,?omas ,,bewick1 ,engrav]1 ,newca/le4 ,isabella1 8 ,wife1 ,di$ #a/ ,febru>y1 #ahbf1 ,ag$ #gb ye>s4 ,,?omas ,,bewick1 ,di$ #h? ( ,novemb]1 #ahbh1 ,ag$ #ge ye>s4 ,9 an excell5t notice ( ! works ( ,bewick--app>5tly writt5 by "o ( 8 t[nsm5 7said to be ,mr4 ,t4 ,d\bl$ay7--9 ,blackwood's ,magaz9e = ,july1 #ahbe1 x is /at$ t ! f9al tail-piece to ,bewick's ,fables1 #ahah-ahbc1 is 8,a ,view ( ,ov+ham ,*ur*y>d20 & 9 ! ,rev]5d ,william ,turn]'s ,memoir ( ,?omas ,bewick1 9 ! six? volume ( ! ,naturali/'s ,libr>y1 ! same /atem5t is repeat$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 errone\s2 z bo? ! writ]s might h kn[n _h !y ?\ght x wor? _! :ile to pay a visit to ,ov+ham1 & take a look at ! *ur*4 ,! foll[+ cut1 9 :i* is introduc$ an imag9>y repres5tation ( ,bewick's fun]al1 pres5ts a correct view ( ! place4 ,! foll[+ popul> say+1 :i* is well kn[n 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 sugge/$ ! introduction ( ! ra9-b[3 8,happy is ! bride t ! sun %9es on1 ,& happy is ! corpse t ! ra9 ra9s on1--0 mean+ t sun%9e at a w$d+ is a sign ( happ9ess 9 ! m>riage /ate to ! bride1 & t ra9 at a fun]al is a sign ( future happ9ess to ! p]son ^: rema9s are ab\t to be int]r$4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ eloqu5t tribute to ! m]its ( ,bewick is f an article on ,wilson's ,illu/rations ( ,zoology 9 ,blackwood's ,magaz9e = ,june1 #ahbh4 8,h we =gott51 9 our hurri$ & imp]fect enum]ation ( wise wor?ies1--h we =gott5 #8,! ,g5ius t dwells on ! banks ( ! ,tyne1',,vii-#ga ! ,mat*less1 ,inimitable ,bewick8 ,no4 ,8 books lie on our p>l\r1 b$-room1 d9+-room1 draw+-room1 /udy table1 & are nev] out ( place or "t4 ,happy old man6 ,! delight ( *ildhood1 manhood1 decay+ age6--,a moral 9 e tail-piece--a s]mon 9 e vignette4 ,n z if f "o f\nta9 fl[s ! /ream ( 8 inspir$ _s1 gurgl+ f ! ,crawley ,spr+ s _m ?\s& gallons ( ! elem5t e m9ute1 & fe$+ b "o city1 our own ,ed9burgh4 ,b x r oozes out f unnumb]$ spr+s4 ,"h f "o sc>cely p]ceptible b 9 ! vivid gre5 ( ! lonesome sw>d1 f :i* x trickles away into a little m\nta9 rill--"h leap+ into sudd5 life1 z f ! rock--"h bubbl+ f a silv] pool1 ov]%ad[$ by a bir*-tree--"h l a well asleep 9 a moss-gr[n cell1 built by "s ?\ghtful recluse 9 ! old mona/ic day1 ) a few words f ,scripture1 or "s rude engrav+1 religi\s z ,scripture1 ,,omne ,,bonum ,,desup]--,,op]a ,,dei ,,mirifica40 ,footnote ,,vii-#ga3 ,?is l9e is adapt$ f ,wordswor?1 :o1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 v]ses entitl$ 8,! ,two ,?ieves1 or ,! ,la/ ,/age ( ,av>ice10 ?us expresses 8 high op9ion ( ! tal5ts ( ,bewick3 8,o n[ t ! g5ius ( ,bewick 7 m9e1 ,& ! skill :i* he le>n$ on ! banks ( ! ,tyne6 ,!n ! ,muses might deal ) me j z !y *ose1 ,= ,i'd take my la/ leave bo? ( v]se & ( prose40 ,lyrical ,ballads1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aii4 ,edition #ahje4 ,john ,bewick1 a y\ng] bro!r ( ,?omas1 0 born at ,*]ry-burn 9 #agfj1 & 9 #aggg 0 appr5tic$ z a wood engrav] to 8 bro!r & ,mr4 ,beilby4 ,he und\bt$ly assi/$ 8 bro!r 9 ! execution ( ! cuts = ! two editions ( ,fables1 pr9t$ by ,mr4 ,sa9t 9 #aggi & #aghd2 b 9 ^? e>ly productions x w\ld be impossible1 judg+ m]ely f ! /yle ( ! engrav+1 to di/+ui% ! "w ( ! two bro!rs4 ,among ! e>lie/ cuts kn[n to h be5 engrav$ by ,john ,bewick1 on ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip1 are ^? conta9$ 9 a "w entitl$ 8,emblems ( ,mortality10 pr9t$ 9 #aghi = ,t4 ,hodgson1 ! publi%] ( ! ,hi]oglyphic ,bible1 m5tion$ at page #dgh4 ,^? cuts1 :i* are v indiff]5tly execut$1 are copies1 occasionally alt]$ = ! worse1 ( ! cuts 9 ,holbe9's ,dance ( ,dea?4 ,:e!r he engrav$ !m 9 ,london1 or n1 ,i h be5 unable to asc]ta92 b x is c]ta9 t he 0 liv+ 9 ,london 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 & t he resid$ !re till #agie4 ,:5 resid+ 9 ! metropolis he drew & engrav$ ! cuts = 8,! ,progress ( ,man & ,society10 compil$ by ,dr4 ,trusl]1 & publi%$ 9 #agia2 ! cuts = 8,! ,look+ ,glass ( ! ,m9d10 #agif2 & also ^? conta9$ 9 a simil> "w entitl$ 8,blossoms ( ,morality10 publi%$ ab\t ! same "t4 ,?\gh sev]al ( ^? cuts display consid]able tal5t1 yet ! be/ specim5s ( 8 abilities z a design] & engrav] on wood are to be f\nd 9 ,poems by ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell1 #agie1 & 9 ,som]vile's ,*ase1 #agif1 bo? pr9t$ 9 qu>to1 to display ! excell5ce ( mod]n pr9t+1 type-f\nd+1 wood-engrav+1 & pap]-mak+4 ,mr4 ,bulm]1 :o sugge/$ ^? editions1 be+ himself a ,nor?umbrian1 _h be5 intimately acqua9t$ ) bo? ,?omas & ,john ,bewick4 ,9 ! preface to ! ,poems by ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell1 he is c>eful to commemorate ! pap]-mak]1 type-f\nd]1 & ! engrav]s2 b he omits to m5tion ! "n ( ,rob]t ,johnson1 :o design$ ?ree ( ! pr9cipal cuts4,,vii-#gb ,! m]its ( ?is highly-tal5t$ "y man appe> to h be5 s+ul>ly ov]look$ by ^? ^: m especial duty x 0 to notice !m4 ,9 ! :ole ( ,bewick's works he is n once m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,bulm] also says1 t all ! cuts 7 engrav$ by ,?omas & ,john ,bewick2 b ?\gh he unque/ionably believ$ s himself1 ! /atem5t is n /rictly correct2 = ! f\r vignette head & tail-pieces to ! ,travell] & ! ,des]t$ ,village 7 engrav$ by ,c4 ,nesbit4 ,! vignettes on ! title-pages1 ! l>ge cut ( ! old woman ga!r+ wat]-cresses1 & ! tail-piece at ! end ( ! volume1 7 drawn & engrav$ by ,john ,bewick2 ! rema9d] 7 engrav$ by ,?omas4 ,footnote ,,vii-#gb3 ,! cut ( ! ,h]mit at 8 morn+ devotion 0 drawn by ,john ,johnson1 a c\s9 ( ,rob]t1 & also "o ( ,bewick's pupils4 ,! cuts 9 ?is book are g5]ally execut$ 9 a free & effective /yle1 b are n rem>kable z specim5s ( wood engrav+1 unless we take into consid]ation ! "t :5 !y 7 publi%$4 ,! be/ 9 po9t ( execution are1 ,! ,h]mit at 8 morn+ devotion1 & ,! ,angel1 ,h]mit1 & ,guide1 bo? engrav$ by ,?omas ,bewick2 ! mann] 9 :i* ! engrav] has execut$ ! foliage 9 ^! two cuts is extremely beautiful & natural4 ,x is said t ,george ,,iii4 ?\ght s highly ( ! cuts 9 ?is book t he c\ld n believe t !y 7 engrav$ on wood2 & t 8 booksell]1 ,mr4 ,george ,nicol1 obta9$ = 8 ,maje/y a sight ( ! blocks 9 ord] t he might be conv9c$ ( ! fact by 8 own inspection4 ,?is anecdote is sometimes produc$ z a pro( ( ! great excell5ce ( ! cuts1 ?\gh x might ) great] tru? be cit$ z a pro( ( 8 ,maje/y be+ totally unacqua9t$ ) ! process ( wood engrav+1 & ( 8 n be+ able to di/+ui% a wood-cut f a copp]-plate4 ,if ,bewick's reputation z a wood engrav] re/$ on ^? cuts1 x c]ta9ly w\ld n /& v high4 ,mu* bett] ?+s ( ! same k9d h be5 execut$ s9ce t "t by p]sons :o are g5]ally consid]$ z hav+ small claims to di/9ction z wood engrav]s4 ,! cuts 9 ! ,*ase 7 all1 except "o1 design$ by ,john ,bewick2 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! decl9+ /ate ( 8 heal? he 0 n able to engrave !m4 ,soon aft] he _h f9i%$ ! draw+s on ! block he left ,london = ! nor?1 9 ! hope ( d]iv+ b5efit f 8 native air4 ,8 disord]1 h[ev]1 cont9u$ to increase2 &1 )9 a few weeks f ! "t ( 8 return1 he di$ at ,ov+ham1 on ! #e? ( ,decemb]1 #agie1 ag$ ?irty-five4 ,! cuts 9 ! ,*ase1 :i* 7 all1 except "o1 engrav$ by ,?omas ,bewick1 are1 on ! :ole1 sup]ior 9 po9t ( execution to ^? 9 ! ,poems ( ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell4 ,?\gh boldly design$1 "s ( !m display great defects 9 composition1 & among ! mo/ objectionable 9 ?is respect are ! ,huntsman & ?ree ,h\nds1 at page #e2 ! conclusion ( ! ,*ase1 page #ca2 & ,george ,,iii4 /ag-hunt+1 page #ic4 ,among ! be/1 bo? z respects design & execution1 are3 ,morn+1 vignette on title-page1 rem>kably spirit$2 ,h\nds1 page #be2 a ,/ag dr9k+1 page #bg2 ,fox-hunt+1 page #fc2 & ,ott]-hunt+1 page #ii4 ,! f9al tail-piece1 :i* has be5 spoil$ 9 ! engrav+1 0 execut$ by "o ( ,bewick's pupils4 ,illu/ration ,john ,bewick1 z a design] & engrav] on wood1 is mu* inf]ior to 8 bro!r4 ,?\gh sev]al ( 8 cuts possess consid]able m]it ) respect to design1 by f> ! great] numb] are execut$ 9 a dry1 h>% mann]4 ,8 be/ cuts may be readily di/+ui%$ f 8 bro!r's by ! great] contra/ ( black & :ite 9 ! cuts engrav$ by ,john1 & by ! dry & )]$ appe>ance ( ! foliage ( ! trees4 ,! above is a r$uc$ copy ( a cut entitl$ ! 8,sad ,hi/orian10 drawn & engrav$ by ,john ,bewick1 9 ! ,poems by ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell4 ,! mo/ ( ,john ,bewick's cuts are mu* bett] conceiv$ ?an engrav$2 & ?is p]haps may 9 a great measure h aris5 f _! hav+ be5 *iefly execut$ = *ildr5's books1 9 :i* excell5ce ( engrav+ 0 n requir$4 ,8 /yle ( engrav+ is n good2 = ?\gh "s ( 8 cuts are extremely effective f ! contra/ ( light & %ade1 yet ! l9es 9 almo/ e "o are co>se & h>%1 & 8laid 910 to use a te*nical expression1 9 a h>d & ta/eless mann]4 ,dry1 /iff1 p>allel l9es1 sc>cely ev] deviat+ into a pleas+ curve1 are ! g5]al *>act]i/ic ( mo/ ( 8 small cuts4 ,z he rea*$ ! age ( ?irty-five )\t hav+ produc$ any cut :i* displays mu* ability 9 ! execution1 x is n likely t he w\ld h excell$ z a wood engrav] _h 8 life be5 prolong$4 ,! foll[+ is a fac-simile ( "o ( ! be/ ( 8 cuts 9 ! ,blossoms ( ,morality1 publi%$ ab\t #agif4 ,x exemplifies 8 mann] ( /rongly contra/+ positive black ) pure :ite2 & ! natural attitudes ( ! wom5 af=d a tol]ably fair specim5 ( 8 tal5ts z a design]4 ,illu/ration ,rob]t ,johnson1 ?\gh n a wood engrav]1 has a claim to a brief notice "h on acc\nt ( ! excell5ce ( sev]al ( ! tail-pieces design$ by him 9 ,bewick's ,birds1 & f 8 hav+ made ! draw+s = mo/ ( ! wood-cuts 9 ,bewick's ,fables4 ,he 0 born 9 #aggj1 at ,%otley1 a village 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 ab\t six miles to ! s\?-we/ ( ,ov+ham2 & 9 #aggh 0 plac$ by 8 fa!r1 :o at t "t resid$ 9 ,gate%ead1 z an appr5tice to ,beilby & ,bewick to be in/ruct$ 9 copp]-plate engrav+4 ,! plates :i* are g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 execut$ by him dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip possess v little m]it1 nor does he appe> to h be5 desir\s to excel z an engrav]4 ,8 great delight consi/$ 9 sket*+ f nature & 9 pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\rs2 & 9 ?is bran* ( art1 :ile yet an appr5tice1 he display$ tal5ts ( v high ord]4,,vii-#gc ,he 0 frequ5tly employ$ by 8 ma/] 9 draw+ & mak+ designs1 & at 8 leisure h\rs he took e opportunity ( improv+ himself 9 8 fav\rite art4 ,! ,e>l ( ,bute happ5+ to call at ,beilby & ,bewick's %op on "o occasion :5 pass+ ?r\gh ,newca/le1 a portfolio ( ,johnson's draw+s1 made at 8 leisure h\rs1 0 %[n to 8 lord%ip1 :o 0 s mu* pleas$ ) !m t he select$ z _m z am\nt$ to =ty p\nds4 ,?is sum ,beilby & ,bewick appropriat$ to !mselves1 on ! gr\nd t1 z he 0 _! appr5tice1 ^? draw+s1 z well z any o!rs t he might make1 7 legally _! prop]ty4 ,johnson's fri5ds1 h[ev]1 ?9k+ diff]5tly1 in/itut$ legal proce$+s = ! recov]y ( ! money1 & obta9$ a decision 9 _! fav\r4 ,"o ( ! pleas set up by ,beilby & ,bewick 01 t ! draw+s prop]ly belong$ to !m1 z !y taught him ! art1 & t ! mak+ ( su* draw+s 0 "p ( 8 bus9ess4 ,?is plea1 h[ev]1 fail$2 x 0 elicit$ on ! exam9ation ( "o ( _! own appr5tices1 ,*>lton ,nesbit1 t nei!r he nor any o!r ( 8 fell[ appr5tices 0 taught ! art ( draw+ 9 wat]-col\rs by _! ma/]s1 & t x =m$ no "p ( _! necess>y in/ruction z engrav]s4 ,footnote ,,vii-#gc3 ,johnson's wat]-col\r draw+s = mo/ ( ! cuts 9 ,bewick's ,fables1 are extremely beautiful4 ,!y are ! size ( ! cuts2 & z a set are p]haps ! f9e/ small draw+s ( ! k9d t 7 ev] made4 ,_! f9i% & accuracy ( draw+ are admirable--!y look l m9iature ,paul ,pott]s4 ,x is kn[n to only a few p]sons t !y 7 drawn by ,johnson dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 copi$ on ! block by ,william ,h>vey1 & ! re/ *iefly by ,bewick himself4 ,on ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip ,johnson gave up1 9 a great measure1 ! practice ( copp]-plate engrav+1 & appli$ himself almo/ exclusively to draw+4 ,9 #agif he 0 engag$ by ,messrs4 ,morison1 booksell]s & publi%]s ( ,p]?1 to draw f ! orig9al pa9t+s ! portraits int5d$ to be engrav$ 9 8! ,scotti% ,gall]y10 a "w edit$ by ,p9k]ton1 & publi%$ ab\t #agii4 ,:5 at ,taym\? ,ca/le1 ! seat ( ! ,e>l ( ,breadalbane1 copy+ "s portraits pa9t$ by ,jameson1 ! ,scotti% ,v&yke1 he caught a sev]e cold1 :i*1 be+ neglect$1 increas$ to a fev]4 ,9 ! viol5ce ( ! disord] he became deliri\s1 &1 f ! ignorance ( ^? :o att5d$ him1 ! un=tunate "y arti/1 f> f home & )\t a fri5d to console him1 0 b\nd & treat$ l a madman4 ,a physician hav+ be5 call$ 91 by 8 ord] bli/]s 7 appli$1 & a diff]5t c\rse ( treatm5t adopt$4 ,johnson recov]$ 8 s5ses1 b x 0 only = a brief p]iod2 be+ ( a delicate con/itution1 he sank "u ! disord]4 ,he di$ at ,k5more on ! #bi? ,octob]1 #agif1 9 ! tw5ty-six? ye> ( 8 age4,,vii-#gd ,footnote ,,vii-#gd3 ,john ,johnson1 a c\s9 ( ,rob]t1 0 also an appr5tice ( ,beilby & ,bewick4 ,he 0 a wood engrav]1 & execut$ a few ( ! tail-pieces 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds4 ,l ,rob]t1 he possess$ a ta/e = draw+2 & ! cut ( ! ,h]mit at 8 morn+ devotion1 engrav$ by ,t4 ,bewick1 9 ,poems by ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell1 0 design$ by him4 ,he di$ at ,newca/le ab\t #agig1 %ortly aft] ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip4 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( a cut--f a design by ,johnson himself--:i* 0 drawn on ! wood1 & engrav$ by ,*>lton ,nesbit1 z a tribute ( 8 reg>d = ! memory ( 8 fri5d & fell[-pupil4 ,illu/ration ,! next cut repres5ts a view ( a monum5t on ! s\? side ( ,ov+ham *ur*1 erect$ to ! memory ( ,rob]t ,johnson by a few fri5ds :o admir$ 8 tal5ts1 & respect$ him on acc\nt ( 8 amiable private "*4 ,illu/ration ,*>lton ,nesbit1 :o is ju/ly entitl$ to be rank$ ) ! be/ wood engrav]s ( 8 "t1 0 born 9 #agge at ,swalwell1 9 ! c\nty ( ,durham1 ab\t five miles we/w>d ( ,gate%ead1 & :5 ab\t f\rte5 ye>s ( age 0 appr5tic$ to ,beilby & ,bewick to le>n ! art ( wood engrav+4 ,dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip he engrav$ a few ( ! tail-pieces 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds1 & all ! head & tail-pieces1 except two1 9 ! ,poems by ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell1 pr9t$ by ,bulm] 9 #agie4 ,%ortly aft] ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip he began to engrave a l>ge cut1 conta9+ a view ( ,/4 ,ni*olas ,*ur*1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 f a draw+ by 8 fell[-pupil1 ,rob]t ,johnson4 ,we "h pres5t a r$uc$ copy ( ?is cut1 :i* is "o ( ! l>ge/ ev] engrav$ 9 ,engl&4,,vii-#ge ,! orig9al 0 engrav$ on a block consi/+ ( twelve diff]5t pieces ( box1 firmly cramp$ toge!r1 & m\nt$ on a plate ( ca/ iron to prev5t _! w>p+4 ,= ?is cut1 :i* 0 fir/ publi%$ ab\t #agii1 ,mr4 ,nesbit receiv$ a m$al f ! ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,arts & ,manufactures4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ge3 ,! orig9al cut1 includ+ ! bord]1 is fifte5 in*es wide by ab\t twelve in*es high4 ,illu/ration ,ab\t #agii ,mr4 ,nesbit came to ,london1 :]e he cont9u$ to reside till #ahae4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce !re he engrav$ a numb] ( cuts = v>i\s works1 *iefly f ! designs ( ! late ,mr4 ,john ,?ur/on1,,vii-#gf :o at t "t 0 ! pr9cipal1 & inde$ almo/ ! only arti/ ( any tal5t 9 ,london1 :o made draw+s on ! block = wood engrav]s4 ,"s ( ! be/ ( 8 cuts execut$ dur+ ?is p]iod are to be f\nd 9 a ,hi/ory ( ,engl& pr9t$ = ,r4 ,s*oley1 & 9 a "w entitl$ ,religi\s ,emblems1 publi%$ by ,r4 ,ack]mann & ,co4 9 #ahjh4 ,! cuts 9 ! latt] "w 7 engrav$ by ,nesbit1 ,cl5nell1 ,bran/on1 & ,hole1 f draw+s by ,?ur/on2 & !y are unque/ionably ! be/ ( _! k9d :i* up to t "t _h appe>$ 9 ,engl&4 ,cl5nell's are ! mo/ arti/-l 9 _! execution & effect1 :ile ,nesbit's are engrav$ ) great] c>e4 ,bran/on1 except 9 "o cut1--,rescu$ f ! ,floods1--does n appe> to su* advantage 9 ?is "w z 8 nor!rn rivals4 ,!re is only "o cut--,se$ s[n--engrav$ by ,hole4 ,! foll[+ may be m5tion$ z ! be/ ( ,nesbit's cuts 9 ?is "w3--,! ,_w ,weigh$1 ,! ,daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 ,s9n]s hid+ 9 ! ,grave1 & ,w\nd$ 9 ! ,m5tal ,eye4 ,! be/ ( ,cl5nell's are3--,call to ,vigilance1 ! ,_w made ,captive1 & ,fa9t+ = ! ,liv+ ,wat]s4 ,^! are p]haps ! ?ree be/ cuts ( _! k9d t ,cl5nell ev] engrav$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#gf3 ,mr4 ,?ur/on 0 a native ( ,sc>bor\gh1 & orig9ally a copp]-plate engrav]4 ,he engrav$1 "u ! late ,mr4 ,james ,hea?1 p>ts ( ! two celebrat$ plates ( ! dea? ( ,major ,peirson & ! ,dead ,soldi]4 ,he 0 "o ( ! be/ design]s on wood ( 8 "t4 ,he drew v beautifully1 b 8 designs are too frequ5tly defici5t 9 natural "* & feel+4 ,he di$ 9 #ahba4 ,9 #ahae ,mr4 ,nesbit return$ to 8 native place1 :]e he cont9u$ to reside until #ahcj4 ,:ile liv+ 9 ! c\ntry1 ?\gh he did n ab&on ! art1 yet ! cuts execut$ by him dur+ ?is p]iod are comp>atively few4 ,9 #ahah1 :5 resid+ 9 ! ,nor?1 he engrav$ a l>ge cut ( ,r9aldo & ,armida = ,savage's ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+3 ?is cut & ano!r1 ! ,cave ( ,despair1 9 ! same "w & ( ! same size1 engrav$ by ! late ,rob]t ,bran/on1 7 expressly giv5 to display ! p]fection to :i* mod]n wood engrav+ _h be5 br\ght4 ,! foliage1 ! trees1 & ! drap]y 9 ,nesbit's cut are admirably engrav$2 b ! l9es 9 ! bodies ( ! figures are too mu* brok5 & 8*opp$ up40 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n ! fault ( ! engrav]1 b ( ! design]1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,?ur/on4 ,! l9es1 :i* n[ h a dott$ appe>ance1 7 orig9ally cont9u\s & di/9ct2 b ,mr4 ,?ur/on object+ to !m z be+ too d>k1 ,nesbit w5t ov] 8 "w aga91 & ) imm5se lab\r r$uc$ ! /r5g? ( 8 l9es1 & gave !m _! pres5t dott$ appe>ance4 ,z a specim5 ( ! engrav]'s abilities1 ! fir/ pro( submitt$ to ! design] 0 sup]ior to ! la/4 ,9 ord] to give a fictiti\s value to ,mr4 ,savage's book1 mo/ ( ! cuts1 z soon z a c]ta9 numb] ( impressions 7 tak51 7 sawn across1 b n ?r\gh1 9 sev]al places1 & impressions ( !m :5 ?us defac$ 7 giv5 9 ! "w4,,vii-#gg ,nesbit's cut 01 h[ev]1 c>efully repair$1 & ! back "p ( ,armida's head hav+ be5 alt]$1 ! impressions f ! block ?us am5d$ 7 actually giv5 9 ! "w itself z ! be/1 in/ead ( ^? :i* 7 tak5 be=e x 0 defac$4 ,?is re-integration ( ! block 0 ! "w ( ! late ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,bonn]1 ,mr4 ,bran/on's nephew4 ,! transv]se pieces are s skilfully ins]t$1 & engrav$ s mu* 9 ! /yle ( ! adjac5t p>ts1 t x is difficult to discov] :]e ! defac+ saw _h pass$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#gg3 ,! practice ( ?us giv+ a fictiti\s value to works ( limit$ circulation1 & :i* are n likely to rea* a second edition dur+ ! lifetime ( _! au?ors1 is less frequ5t n[ ?an x 0 a few ye>s ago4 ,x is little m ?an a trick to enhance ! price ( ! book to subscrib]s1 by giv+ !m an assurance t no second edition c appe> ) ! same embelli%m5ts4 ,9 ?ree cases out ( f\r :]e ! plates & cuts ( a "w h be5 int5tionally de/roy$1 !re 0 little prospect ( su* "w rea*+ a second edition dur+ ! writ]'s life4 ,9 #ahcj ,mr4 ,nesbit return$ to ,london1 :]e he cont9u$ to reside until 8 dea?1 :i* took place at ,que5's ,elms1 ! #aa? ( ,novemb] #ahch1 ag$ #fc4 ,"s ( ! be/ ( 8 cuts are conta9$ 9 ! second s]ies ( ,nor?cote's ,fables2 & ! foll[+1 ( 8 execution1 may be rank$ among ! f9e/ productions ( ! art ( wood engrav+ 9 mod]n times3--,! ,rob9 & ! ,sp>r[1 page #a2 ,! ,h>e & ! ,bramble1 page #abg2 ,! ,pea* & ! ,potatoe1 page #abi2 & ,! ,cock1 ! ,dog1 & ! ,fox1 page #bch4 ,nesbit is unque/ionably ! be/ wood engrav] t has proce$$ f ! great nor!rn hive ( ! art--! work%op ( ,?omas ,bewick4 ,luke ,cl5nell1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ,bewick's pupils z a design] & pa9t]1 z well z an engrav] on wood1 0 born at ,ulgham1 a village ne> ,morpe?1 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 on ! #h? ( ,april1 #agha4 ,at an e>ly age he 0 plac$ ) a relation1 a groc] 9 ,morpe?1 & cont9u$ ) him1 assi/+ 9 ! %op z an appr5tice1 until he 0 sixte54 ,"s draw+s :i* he made :5 at ,morpe? hav+ attract$ att5tion1 & he himself %[+ a decid$ pr$ilection = ! art1 8 fri5ds 7 induc$ to place him z a wood engrav] ) ,bewick1 to :om he 0 b\nd appr5tice = sev5 ye>s on ! #h? ( ,april1 #agig4 ,he 9 a %ort "t made great pr(ici5cy 9 wood engrav+2 & z he drew ) great correctness & p[]1 ,bewick employ$ him to copy1 on ! block1 sev]al ( ,rob]t ,johnson's draw+s1 & to engrave !m z tail-pieces = ! second volume ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds4 ,cl5nell = a few mon?s aft] ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip cont9u$ to "w = ,bewick1 :o *iefly employ$ him 9 engrav+ "s ( ! cuts = a ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 publi%$ by ,wallis & ,s*oley1 #df1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,cl5nell1 :o 0 paid only two gu9eas apiece = ea* ( ^? cuts1 hav+ le>nt t ,bewick receiv$ five1 s5t to ! publi%] a pro( ( "o ( !m--,alfr$ 9 ! ,dani% ,camp--/at+ t x 0 ( 8 own engrav+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ,cl5nell receiv$ an answ] f ! publi%]1 invit+ him to come to ,london1 & (f]+ him employm5t until all ! cuts int5d$ = ! "w %\ld be f9i%$4 ,he accept$ ! (f]1 & %ortly aft]w>ds set out = ,london1 :]e he arriv$ ab\t ! end ( autumn1 #ahjd4,,vii-#gh ,footnote ,,vii-#gh3 ,betwe5 ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip & 8 dep>ture = ,london he appe>s to h engrav$ sev]al excell5t cuts = a s*ool-book entitl$ 8,! ,hive ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,lit]ature10 pr9t$ by ,s4 ,hodgson1 ,newca/le4--,cl5nell's fell[-pupils 7 ,h5ry ,hole & ,edw>d ,willis4 ,mr4 ,hole engrav$ ! cuts 9 ,m',cre]y's ,press1 #ahjc1 & 9 ,poems by ,felicia ,doro!a ,br[ne1 7aft]w>ds ,mrs4 ,hemans7 #ahjh4 ,mr4 ,hole gave up wood engrav+ sev]al ye>s ago on succe$+ to a l>ge e/ate 9 ,d]by%ire4 ,mr4 ,willis1 :o 0 a c\s9 ( ,mr4 ,george ,/eph5son1 ! celebrat$ eng9e]1 di$ 9 ,london1 ! #aj? ( ,febru>y1 #ahdb1 ag$ #eh2 b _h = "s "t previ\sly entirely ab&on$ ! art4 ,mo/ ( ,cl5nell's cuts are di/+ui%$ by _! free & arti/-l execution & by _! excell5t effect2 b ?\gh g5]ally spirit$1 !y are sometimes r co>sely engrav$4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to improve ,?ur/on's designs by occasionally height5+ ! effect4,,vii-#gi ,to su* alt]ations ,?ur/on at fir/ object$2 b p]ceiv+ t ! cuts :5 engrav$ 7 ?us v mu* improv$1 he aft]w>ds all[$ ,cl5nell to increase ! lights & deep5 ! %ad[s accord+ to 8 own judgm5t4 ,an admirable specim5 ( ,cl5nell's engrav+ is to be f\nd 9 an octavo edition ( ,falcon]'s ,%ipwreck1 pr9t$ = ,cadell & ,davies1 #ahjh4 ,x occurs z a vignette to ! second canto at p4 #dc1 & ! subject is a %ip runn+ be=e ! w9d 9 a gale4 ,! motion ( ! waves1 & ! gloomy appe>ance ( ! sky1 are repres5t$ ) admirable tru? & feel+4 ,! d>k %ad[ on ! wat]s to ! "r gives wond]ful effect to ! :ite cre/ ( ! wave 9 front2 & ! :ole appe>ance ( ! cut is indicative ( a gloomy & tempe/u\s day1 & ( an increas+ /orm4 ,p]haps no engrav+ ( ! same k9d1 ei!r on copp] or wood1 conveys ! idea ( a /orm at sea ) great] fidelity4,,vii-#hj ,! draw+ 0 made on ! block by ,?ur/on2 b ! _s & effect1--! lights & %ad[s1 ! app>5t see?+ ( ! waves1 & ! tr\bl$ appe>ance ( ! sky1--7 introduc$ by ,cl5nell4 ,all ! o!r cuts 9 ?is edition ( ! ,%ipwreck are ( 8 engrav+2 b ?\gh well execut$1 !y d n require any especial notice4 ,two ( !m1 :i* 7 previ\sly design$ = ano!r "w1 are c]ta9ly n illu/rations ( ,falcon]'s ,%ipwreck4 ,footnote ,,vii-#gi3 ,he also inv>iably correct$ ! outl9e ( ,?ur/on's animals2 8,fa9t+ = ! ,liv+ ,wat]s0 9 ! ,religi\s ,emblems1 & a little subject 9 an edition ( ,beattie's ,m9/rel1 publi%$ at ,alnwick1 repres5t+ a %eph]d & dog on ! br[ ( a hill1 7 ?us improv$ by ,cl5nell4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hj3 ,mr4 ,jackson 0 9 possession ( ! fir/ pro( ( ?is pretty wood engrav+1 inscrib$ ,twick5ham1 ,septemb] #aj1 #ahjg1 :]e ,cl5nell 0 resid+ at ! "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diploma ,,( ,,! ,,highl& ,,society ,r$uc$ to "o-f\r? ( ! orig9al size ,cl5nell's l>ge/ cut is t :i* he engrav$ = ! diploma ( ! ,highl& ,society1 f a design by ,b5jam9 ,we/1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy2 & = ?is he receiv$ fifty gu9eas4 ,! orig9al draw+ 0 made on pap]1 & ,cl5nell gave ,?ur/on fifte5 p\nds = copy+ on ! block ! figures )9 ! circle3 ! support]s1 a ,highl& soldi] & a fi%]man1 he copi$ himself4 ,! block on :i* he fir/ began to engrave ?is cut consi/$ ( sev]al pieces ( box v5e]$ ^u bee*2 & aft] he _h be5 employ$ ^u x = ab\t two mon?s1 x "o aft]noon sudd5ly split :5 he 0 at tea4 ,cl5nell1 he>+ x crack1 imm$iately suspect$ ! cause2 & on f9d+ x r5t 9 su* a mann] t !re 0 no *ance ( repair+ x1 he1 9 a passion t ! lab\r already be/[$ on x %\ld be lo/1 ?rew all ! tea-?+s into ! fire4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days h[ev]1 he got a new block made1 consi/+ ( solid pieces ( box firmly screw$ & cramp$ toge!r2 & hav+ paid ,?ur/on fifte5 p\nds m = re-draw+ ! figures )9 ! circle1 & hav+ aga9 copi$ ! support]s1 he proce$$ ) r5ew$ _s to complete 8 "w4 ,= engrav+ ?is cut he receiv$ a hundr$ & fifty gu9eas--he pay+ ,?ur/on himself = ! draw+ on ! block2 & ! ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,arts & ,manufactures pres5t$ him ) _! gold m$al1 ,may #cj1 #ahji4 ,?is cut is *>act]i/ic ( ,cl5nell's /yle ( engrav+--! l9es are 9 "s places co>se1 & 9 o!rs ! execution is c>eless2 ! m important p>ts are1 h[ev]1 engrav$ ) great _s2 & ! cut1 z a :ole1 is bold & effective4 ,cross-hat*+s are freely introduc$1 n s mu*1 p]haps1 because !y 7 necess>y1 z to %[ t ! engrav] c\ld execute su* k9d ( "w1--! vulg> error t cross-hat*+s c\ld n be execut$ on wood hav+ be5 at t "t extremely preval5t among p]sons :o _h little k ( ! art1 & :o yet v5t$ _! absurd notions on ! subject z if !y 7 und5iable tru?s4 ,! prec$+ is a r$uc$ copy ( ?is cut4,,vii-#ha ,! orig9al block1 :5 only a v limit$ numb] ( impressions _h be5 pr9t$ (f1 0 burnt 9 ! fire at ,mr4 ,b5sley's pr9t+-(fice4 ,! subject 0 aft]w>ds re-engrav$ on a block ( ! same size by ,john ,?ompson4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ha3 ,! orig9al cut is ab\t t5 in*es & a half high1 measur$ f ! l9e bel[ ! inscription1 by ab\t ?irte5 in*es & a half wide1 measur$ across ! c5tre4 ,! illu/rations to an edition ( ,rog]s's ,poems1 #ahab1 engrav$ f p5-&-ink draw+s by ,?omas ,/o?>d1 ,r4,a41 may be fairly rank$ among ! be/ ( ! wood-cuts engrav$ by ,cl5nell4 ,!y are execut$ ) ! feel+ ( an arti/1 & are admirable repres5tations ( ! orig9al draw+s4,,vii-#hb ,/o?>d himself 0 mu* pleas$ ) !m2 b he ?\ght t :5 wood engrav]s attempt$ to express m ?an a copy ( a p5-&-ink draw+1 & introduc$ a v>iety ( t9ts 9 ! mann] ( copp]-plate engrav+s1 !y exce$$ ! legitimate b\nd>ies ( ! art4 ,a hundr$ wood-cuts by ,bewick1 ,nesbit1 ,cl5nell1 & ,?ompson might1 h[ev]1 be produc$ to %[ t ?is op9ion 0 n well f\nd$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hb3 ,sev]al additional cuts ( ! same k9d1 engrav$ ) no less ability by ,j4 ,?ompson1 7 ins]t$ 9 a subsequ5t edition4 ,cl5nell1 :o drew beautifully 9 wat]-col\rs1 made _m ( ! draw+s = ! ,bord] ,antiquities2 & ! enc\ragem5t :i* he receiv$ z a design] & pa9t] made him resolve to entirely ab&on wood engrav+4 ,) ?is view he lab\r$ dilig5tly to improve himself 9 pa9t+1 & 9 a %ort "t made su* progress t 8 pictures attract$ ! att5tion ( ! ,directors ( ! ,briti% ,in/itution4 ,9 #ahad1 ! ,e>l ( ,bridgewat] employ$ him to pa9t a l>ge picture ( ! ent]ta9m5t giv5 to ! ,alli$ ,sov]eigns 9 ! ,guildhall by ! city ( ,london4 ,he exp]i5c$ great difficulty 9 obta9+ sket*es ( ! num]\s di/+ui%$ p]sons ^: portraits x 0 necess>y to give 9 ! picture2 & he lo/ mu* "t1 & suff]$ consid]able anxiety1 9 procur+ ^? prelim9>y mat]ials = 8 "w4 ,hav+ at l5g? complet$ 8 sket*es1 he began ! picture1 & _h made consid]able progress 9 x :51 9 ,april #ahag1 he sudd5ly became insane1 & ! "w 0 int]rupt$4,,vii-#hc ,x has be5 said t 8 malady arose f int5se application1 & f anxiety respect+ ! success ( 8 "w4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c sc>cely be correct2 he _h surm\nt$ 8 greate/ difficulties1 & 0 proce$+ regul>ly & /eadily ) ! pa9t+1 :5 he sudd5ly became depriv$ ( 8 reason4 ,"o ( 8 fell[-pupils :5 he 0 ) ,bewick1 :o 0 intimate ) him1 & 0 accu/om$ to see him frequ5tly1 nev] obs]v$ any previ\s symptom ( insanity 9 8 behavi\r1 & nev] he>d him express any p>ticul> anxiety ab\t ! "w on :i* he 0 engag$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hc3 ,?is pa9t+ 0 aft]w>ds f9i%$ by ,e4 ,bird1 ,r4,a41 :o also became insane4 ,)9 a %ort "t aft] ,cl5nell _h lo/ 8 reason1 8 wife also became insane2,,vii-#hd & ! malady be+ accompani$ by a fev]1 %e aft] a %ort illness expir$1 leav+ ?ree "y *ildr5 to deplore ! dea? ( "o p>5t & ! confirm$ insanity ( ! o!r4 ,^! mo/ di/ress+ circum/ances excit$ ! sympa?y ( sev]al noblem5 & g5tlem52 & a committee hav+ be5 appo9t$ to consid] ( ! be/ means ( rais+ a fund = ! support ( ,cl5nell's family1 x 0 det]m9$ to publi% by subscription an engrav+ f "o ( 8 pictures4 ,! subject made *oice ( 0 ! ,decisive ,*>ge ( ! ,life ,gu>ds at ,wat]loo1 = :i* ,cl5nell _h receiv$ a rew>d f ! ,briti% ,in/itution4 ,x 0 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,bromley1 & publi%$ 9 #ahba4 ,! sum ?us rais$ 01 aft] pay+ = ! engrav+1 ve/$ 9 tru/ees = ! b5efit ( ,cl5nell's *ildr51 & = ! purpose ( provid+ a small annuity = himself4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hd3 ,cl5nell's wife 0 a daught] ( ! late ,c4 ,w>r51 "o ( ! be/ copp]-plate engrav]s ( 8 "t4 ,cl5nell1 aft] hav+ be5 conf9$ = ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 a lunatic asylum 9 ,london1 s f> recov]$ t x 0 no long] necess>y to keep him 9 a /ate ( re/ra9t4 ,he 0 accord+ly s5t d[n to ! ,nor?1 & liv$ = sev]al ye>s 9 a /ate ( h>mless insanity ) a relation 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,newca/le2 amus+ himself ) mak+ draw+s1 engrav+ little wood-cuts1 & occasionally writ+ poetry4 ,upw>ds ( sixty ( ^? draw+s are n[ ly+ be=e me1 display+ at once s mu* ( 8 =m] g5ius & ( 8 pres5t imbecility t x is n possible to reg>d !m1 kn[+ ^: !y are1 )\t a deep feel+ ( commis]ation = 8 fate4 ,he us$ occasionally to call on ,bewick1 & he once ask$ = a block to engrave4 ,bewick1 to hum\r him1 gave him a piece ( wood1 & left him to *oose 8 own subject2 & ,cl5nell1 on 8 next visit1 br\ght ) him ! cut f9i%$3 x 0 l ! attempt ( a boy :5 fir/ beg9n+ to engrave1 b he ?\ght x "o ( ! mo/ successful ( 8 productions 9 ! art4 ,! foll[+ specim5s ( 8 cuts & ( 8 poetry 7 respectively engrav$ & writt5 9 #ahbh4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,song4 ,good morn+ to y1 ,m>y1 ,x glads me mu* to see !e once aga92 ,:at joy1 s9ce !e ,i've he>d6 ,heav5 su* beauty ev] deign1 ,m>y ( ! v9ey>d6 ,,! ,,ev5+ ,,/>4 ,look6 :at is x1 ) tw9kl+ light1 ,t br+s su* joy1 s]5ely bright1 ,t turns ! dusk aga9 to light8-- ',tis ! ,ev5+ ,/>6 ,:at is x ) pure/ ray1 ,t br+s su* peace at close ( day1 ,t lights ! travell] on 8 way8-- ',tis ! ,ev5+ ,/>6 ,:at is x1 ( pure/ holy ray1 ,t br+s to man ! promis$ day1 ,& peace8-- ',tis ! ,ev5+ ,/>6 ,,comp5dium ,,poetica4 ,a drop ( heav5's treasure1 on an angel's w+1 ,su* heav5 alone c br+2-- ,! pa9t$ hues ^u ! rose1 ,9 heav5's %[] repos+1 ,is an e>?ly treasure ( su* measure4 ,! butt]fly1 9 8 spell1 ,^u ! rosy prism do? dwell1 ,& z he do? fly1 9 8 t\r ,f fl[] to fl[]1 ,is se5 = a :ile ,e c>e to beguile1 ,& s do? w+ 8 little way1 ,a little fairy ( ! day6 ,a ,,fl[]et4 ,:]e l5g!n$ ray ,gilde? ! b>k ^u h] way2 ,:]e vision is lo/ 9 space1 ,to trace1 ,z re/+ on a /ile1 ,9 asc5t ( half a mile-- ,x is :5 ! birds d s+1 ,9 ! ev5+ ( ! spr+4 ,! broad %ad[ f ! tree1 ,fall+ ^u ! slope1 ,y may see1 ,o'er fl[]y mead1 ,:]e do? a pa?way lead ,to ! topmo/ ope-- ,! yell[ butt]-cup ,& purple cr[-foot1 ,! wav+ grass up1 ,r\nd+ ^u ! b-- ,! spread+ daisy ,9 ! clov] maze1 ,! wild rose ^u ! h$ge-r[1 ,& ! honey-suckle bl[ ,= village girl ,to dress h] *aplet-- ,or "s y\?1 mayhap1 let-- ,or b9d ! l9ky tr9ket ,= "s e>l-- ,or trim up 9 plaits h] hair ,) mu* seem+ c>e1 ,z fancy may ?9k x-- ,or ) spittle moi/51 ,or half w9k x1 ,or to music incl9$1 ,or to sleep 9 ! s(t w9d4 ,/ ,pet]'s1 ,augu/ #ahbh4 ,l4 ,c4 ,ab\t #ahca1 ,cl5nell hav+ become mu* worse1 8 fri5ds 7 aga9 compell$ to place him "u re/ra9t4 ,he 0 accord+ly convey$ to a lunatic asylum ne> ,newca/le1 :]e he is /ill liv+4 ,until )9 ?is la/ ye> or two1 he cont9u$ to amuse himself ) draw+ & writ+ poetry1 & p]haps may d s /ill4 ,x is to be hop$ t1 ?\gh 8 condition appe> mis]able to u1 he is n mis]able himself2 t ?\gh depriv$ ( ! light ( reason1 he may yet enjoy imag9>y pleasures ( :i* we c =m no conception2 & t 8 conf9em5t occasions to him 8,small feel+ ( privation1 none ( pa940,,vii-#he ,footnote ,,vii-#he3 ,cl5nell di$ 9 ! ,lunatic ,asylum1 ,feb4 #i1 #ahdj1 9 8 fifty-n9? ye>4 ,william ,h>vey1 ano!r di/+ui%$ pupil ( ,bewick1 & "o ^: e>li] engrav+s are only surpass$ by 8 m rec5t productions z a design] on wood1 0 born at ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 #ac? ( ,july #agif4 ,hav+ f an e>ly age %[n great fondness = draw+1 he 0 at ! age ( f\rte5 appr5tic$ to ,?omas ,bewick to le>n ! art ( engrav+ on wood4,,vii-#hf ,9 conjunction ) 8 fell[-pupil1 ,w4 ,w4 ,temple1 he engrav$ mo/ ( ! cuts 9 ,bewick's ,fables1 #ahah2 & z he excell$ 9 draw+ z well z 9 engrav+1 he 0 g5]ally entru/$ by ,bewick to make ! draw+s on ! block aft] ,rob]t ,johnson's designs4 ,"o ( ! be/ cuts engrav$ by ,h>vey dur+ 8 appr5tice%ip 0 a vignette = ! title-page ( a small "w entitl$ 8,*eviot3 a ,poetical ,fragm5t10 pr9t$ at ,newca/le 9 #ahag4 ,?is cut1 :i* 0 also drawn by himself1 is extremely beautiful bo? 9 design & execution2 ! trees & ! foliage are 9 p>ticul> excell5tly repres5t$2 & z a small picturesque subject x is "o ( ! be/ he ev] engrav$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hf3 ,isaac ,ni*olson1 n[ e/abli%$ z a wood engrav] at ,newca/le1 0 ! appr5tice imm$iately prec$+ ,h>vey4 ,w4 ,w4 ,temple1 :o ab&on$ ! bus9ess on ! expiration ( 8 appr5tice%ip = t ( a drap] & silk-m]c]1 came to ,bewick %ortly aft] ,h>vey2 & ! y\ng] appr5tice 0 ,john ,arm/rong4 ,h>vey 0 a great fav\rite ( ,bewick1 :o pres5t$ him ) a copy ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds z a new ye>'s gift on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y #ahae1 & at ! same "t address$ to him ! foll[+ admonitory lett]4 ,mr4 ,h>vey is a di/+ui%$ arti/1 a k9d son1 an affectionate husb&1 a lov+ fa!r1 & 9 e relation ( life a mo/ amiable man3 he has n1 h[ev]1 be5 expos$ to any plots or conspiracies1 nor be5 p]secut$ by envy & malice1 z 8 ma/] anticipat$2 b1 on ! contr>y1 8 tal5ts & 8 amiable "* h procur$ = him public reputation & private e/eem4 8,gate%ead1 #a/ ,janu>y1 #ahae4 8,,de> ,,william1 8,i s5t y la/ night ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,birds1 :i* ,i beg y\r acceptance ( z a new ye>'s gift1 & also z a tok5 ( my respect4 ,don't tr\ble y\rself ab\t ?ank+ me = !m2 b1 in/ead ( do+ s1 let ^? books put y 9 m9d ( ! duties y h to p]=m ?r\gh life4 ,look at !m 7z long z !y la/7 on e new ye>'s day1 & at ! same "t resolve1 ) ! help ( ! all-wise b unkn[able ,god1 to conduct y\rself on e occasion z becomes a good man4--,be a good son1 a good bro!r1 7& :5 ! "t comes7 a good husb&1 a good fa!r1 & a good memb] ( society4 ,peace ( m9d w !n foll[ y l a %ad[2 & :5 y\r m9d gr[s ri* 9 integrity1 y w fe> ! fr[ns ( no man1 & only smile at ! plots & conspiracies :i* x is probable w be laid aga9/ y by envy1 hatr$1 & malice4 8,to ,william ,h>vey1 jun4 ,we/gate4 ,,hw3 ,?omas ,bewick40 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahag1 ,mr4 ,h>vey came to ,london2 & %ortly aft]w>ds1 ) a view ( obta9+ a correct k ( ! pr9ciples ( draw+1 he became a pupil ( ,mr4 ,b4 ,r4 ,haydon1 & he c]ta9ly c\ld n h _h a bett] ma/]4 ,:ile improv+ himself "u ,mr4 ,haydon1 he drew & engrav$ f a picture by t em95t arti/ 8 l>ge cut ( ! ,dea? ( ,d5tatus1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #ahba4,,vii-#hg ,z a l>ge subject1 ?is is unque/ionably "o ( ! mo/ elaborately engrav$ wood-cuts t has ev] appe>$4 ,x sc>cely1 h[ev]1 c be consid]$ a successful specim5 ( ! art2 = ?\gh ! execution 9 _m p>ts be sup]ior to any?+ ( ! k9d1 ei!r ( e>li] or m rec5t times1 ! cut1 z a :ole1 is r an attempt to rival copp]-plate engrav+ ?an a p]fect specim5 ( engrav+ on wood1 display+ ! peculi> advantages & excell5ces ( ! art )9 its own legitimate b\nds4 ,m has be5 attempt$ ?an c be effici5tly repres5t$ by means ( wood engrav+4 ,! figure ( ,d5tatus is inde$ "o ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( ! art t has ev] be5 execut$1 & ! o!r figures 9 ! =e-gr\nd display no less tal5t2 b ! rocks are ( too uni=m a tone1 & "s ( ! m di/ant figures appe> to /ick to ea* o!r4 ,^! defects1 h[ev]1 result f ! v nature ( ! art1 n f inability 9 ! engrav]2 = all t wood engrav+ admits ( he has effect$4 ,x is unnecess>y to say m ( ?is cut "h3 "s obs]vations relat+ to ! details1 illu/rat$ ) specim5s ( ! be/ engrav$ p>ts1 w be f\nd 9 ! next *apt]4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hg3 ,?is cut is ab\t fifte5 in*es high by ab\t elev5 in*es & "o qu>t] wide4 ,x 0 engrav$ on a block consi/+ ( sev5 diff]5t pieces1 ! jo9+s ( :i* are app>5t 9 impressions t h n be5 subsequ5tly t\*$ ) ,indian ink4 ,ab\t #ahbd ,mr4 ,h>vey entirely gave up ! practice ( engrav+1 & has s9ce exclusively devot$ himself to design+ = copp]-plate & wood engrav]s4 ,8 designs engrav$ on copp] are1 h[ev]1 few :5 comp>$ ) ! imm5se numb] engrav$ on wood4 ,! copp]-plate engrav+s consi/ pr9cipally ( ! illu/rations 9 a collect$ edition ( ,miss ,edgewor?'s ,works1 #ahcb2 9 ,s\!y's edition ( ,c[p]'s ,works1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahcf1 & s9ce by ,mr4 ,bohn 9 8 ,/&>d ,libr>y2 & 9 ! small edition ( ,dr4 ,l+>d's ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,mr4 ,,h>vey',s ,,wood-,,engrav+4 ,,f ,,dr4 ,,h5d]son',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n ,,w9es4 ,illu/ration ,! beautiful vignettes & tail-pieces 9 ,dr4 ,h5d]son's ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,w9es1 #ahbd1 drawn & engrav$ by ,mr4 ,h>vey1 may be consid]$ ! gr\nd-"w ( 8 reputation z a design]1 & by ! k9dness ( ,dr4 ,h5d]son we are enabl$ 79 ?is second edition7 to pres5t impressions ( sev5 ( !m4 ,! cuts 9 ! fir/ & second s]ies ( ,nor?cote's ,fables1 #ahbh1 #ahcc2,,vii-#hh 9 ! ,t[] ,m5ag]ie1 #ahbh2 9 ! ,g>d5s & ,m5ag]ie ( ! ,zoological ,society1 #ahca2 & 9 ,latrobe's ,solace ( ,song1 #ahcg1 7 all drawn by him4 ,among ! small] works illu/rat$ ) wood-cuts1 & publi%$ ab\t ! same "t z ! prec$+1 ! foll[+ may be m5tion$ z conta9+ beautiful specim5s ( 8 tal5ts z a design] on wood3--,! ,bl9d ,begg> ( ,be?nal ,gre52 ,! ,*ildr5 9 ! ,wood2 ,a ,/ory )\t an ,end1 translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,mrs4 ,au/92 & especially 8 "o hundr$ & tw5ty beautiful designs = ! ,p>adise ,lo/1 & o!r poems ( ,milton1 & 8 designs = ,?omson's ,seasons1 f :i* two works we select f\r examples ) ! view ( exhibit+ at ! same "t ! tal5ts ( ! di/+ui%$ engrav]s1 viz41 ,john ,?ompson & ,*>les ,gray4 ,= v>i\s o!r works he has also furni%$1 9 all1 betwe5 ?ree & f\r ?\s& designs4 ,z a design] on wood1 he is decid$ly sup]ior to ! majority ( arti/s ( ! pres5t day2 & to 8 excell5ce 9 ?is respect1 wood engrav+ is *iefly indebt$ = ! v great enc\ragem5t :i* x has ( late receiv$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hh3 ,:at may be consid]$ ! sket*es = ! pr9cipal cuts 7 suppli$ by ,nor?cote himself4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* he compos$ !m is extract$ f a ,sket* ( 8 ,life1 prefix$ to ! second s]ies ( 8 ,fables1 #ahcc3--8;,x 0 by a curi\s process t ,mr4 ,nor?cote really made ! designs = ^! ,fables ! amusem5t ( 8 old age1 = 8 tal5t z a draftsman1 excell+ z he did 9 animals1 0 r>ely requir$ by ?is und]tak+4 ,8 g5]al practice 0 to collect great numb]s ( pr9ts ( animals1 & to cut !m out2 he !n mov$ su* z he select$ ab\t ^u ! surface ( a piece ( pap] until he _h illu/rat$ ! fable by plac+ !m to 8 satisfaction1 & _h ?us compos$ 8 subject2 !n fix+ ! diff]5t figures ) pa/e to ! pap]1 a few p5 or p5cil t\*es r5d]$ ?is s+ul> composition complete en\gh to place 9 ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,h>vey1 by :om x 0 adapt$ or freely translat$ on ! blocks = ! engrav]s40--,mr4 ,h>vey's "w 0 some?+ m ?an free translation4 ,he complet$ t :i* ,nor?cote m]ely sugge/$4 ,! tail-pieces & lett]s are all ( ,mr4 ,h>vey's own inv5tion & draw+4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! two cuts on pages #ecc & #ecd are also f draw+s by ,mr4 ,h>vey2 & bo? are pr9t$ f ca/s4 ,! fir/ is "o ( ! illu/rations ( ! ,*ildr5 9 ! ,wood1 publi%$ by ,j5n+s & ,*apl91 #ahca2 & ! subject is ! uncle b>ga9+ ) ! two ruffians = ! murd] ( ! *ildr54 ,?is cut is freely & effectively execut$1 )\t any display ( useless lab\r4 ,illu/ration ,! second is "o ( ! illu/rations ( ! ,bl9d ,begg> ( ,be?nal ,gre51 publi%$ by ,j5n+s & ,*apl91 9 #ahcb4 ,! subject repres5ts ! begg>'s daught] & h] f\r suitors1 namely1--! g5tleman ( good degree1 ! gallant "y knight 9 disguise1 ! m]*ant ( ,london1 & h] ma/]'s son4 ,?is cut1 ?\gh well engrav$1 is sc>cely equal to ! prec$+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to obs]ve t ^! cuts are n giv5 z specim5s ( ! engrav]s' tal5ts1 b m]ely z two subjects design$ by ,mr4 ,h>vey4 ,illu/ration ,:at has be5 call$ ! 8,london ,s*ool0 ( wood engrav+ produc$ no?+ t w\ld be> a comp>ison ) ! works ( ,bewick & 8 pupils until ! late ,rob]t ,bran/on began to engrave on wood4 ,ab\t #agif1 ! be/ ( ! ,london engrav]s 0 ,j4 ,lee4 ,he engrav$ ! cuts = ! 8,*eap ,repository10 a collection ( religi\s & moral tracts1 pr9t$ betwe5 #agid & #agih1 & sold by ,j4 ,m>%all1 ,london1 & ,s4 ,haz>d1 ,ba?4 ,^? cuts1 ?\gh co>sely execut$1 z might be expect$1 consid]+ ! "w = :i* !y 7 int5d$1 frequ5tly display consid]able m]it 9 ! design2 & 9 ?is respect sev]al ( !m are sc>cely inf]ior to ! cuts drawn & engrav$ by ,john ,bewick 9 ,dr4 ,trusl]'s ,progress ( ,man & ,society4 ,mr4 ,lee di$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahjd2 & on 8 decease1 8 appr5tice1 ,h5ry ,:ite1 w5t to ,newca/le1 & s]v$ out ! rema9d] ( 8 "t ) ,?omas ,bewick4 ,james ,lee1 a son ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,lee1 ! eld]1 is also a wood engrav]2 he execut$ ! portraits 9 ,hans>d's ,typographia1 #ahbe4 ,illu/ration3 ,rob4 ,bran/on4 ,rob]t ,bran/on1 l ,bewick1 acquir$ 8 k ( wood engrav+ )\t ! in/ructions ( a ma/]4 ,he 0 born at ,lynn1 9 ,norfolk1 9 #aggh1 & di$ 9 ,london 9 #ahbg4 ,he s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip to 8 fa!r1 a g5]al copp]-plate engrav] & h]aldic pa9t]1 :o seems to h c>ri$ on ! same k9d ( miscellane\s bus9ess z ,mr4 ,beilby1 ! ma/] ( ,bewick4 ,ab\t #ahjb ,mr4 ,bran/on came to ,london1 & f9d+ t wood engrav+ 0 mu* enc\rag$1 he det]m9$ to apply himself to t art4 ,"s ( 8 fir/ productions 7 cuts = lott]y bills2 b z he improv$ 9 ! practice ( engrav+ on wood1 he began to engrave cuts = ! illu/ration ( books4 ,8 /yle ( engrav+ is peculi>ly 8 own1 & p]fectly di/9ct f t ( ,bewick4 ,he engrav$ human figures & 9-door sc5es ) great cle>ness & precision2 :ile ,bewick's *ief excell5ce consi/$ 9 ! natural repres5tation ( quadrup$s1 birds1 l&scapes1 & road-side incid5ts4 ,9 ! repres5tation ( trees & ( natural sc5]y1 ,bran/on has almo/ uni=mly fail$4 ,"s ( ! be/ ( 8 e>li] productions are to be f\nd 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 publi%$ by ,s*oley1 #ahjd-ahaj2 9 ,bloomfield's ,wild ,fl[]s1 #ahjf2 & 9 a qu>to volume entitl$ 8,epi/les 9 ,v]se10 & o!r poems by ,george ,m>%all1 #ahab4 ,! be/ specim5 ( ,mr4 ,bran/on's tal5ts z a wood engrav] is a l>ge cut ( ! ,cave ( ,despair1 9 ,savage's ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+4 ,x 0 execut$ 9 rivalry ) ,nesbit1 :o engrav$ ! cut ( ,r9aldo & ,armida = ! same "w1 & x w\ld be difficult to decide :i* is ! be/4 ,bo? are good specim5s ( ! /yles ( _! respective s*ools2 & ! subjects are well adapt$ to display ! peculi> excell5ce ( ! engrav]s4 ,_h !y ex*ang$ subjects1 nei!r ( ! cuts w\ld h be5 s well execut$2 b 9 ?is case !re call be little d\bt t ,nesbit w\ld h engrav$ ! figure & ! rocks 9 ! ,cave ( ,despair bett] ?an ,bran/on w\ld h engrav$ ! trees & ! foliage 9 ! cut ( ,r9aldo & ,armida4 ,! cut on ! previ\s page is a r$uc$ copy ( a portion ( t ( ,mr4 ,bran/on4 ,mr4 ,bran/on1 l _m o!rs1 did n ?9k highly ( ! cuts 9 ,bewick's ,fables2 & feel+ p]suad$ t he c\ld produce some?+ bett]1 he employ$ ,mr4 ,?ur/on to make sev]al designs1 ) ! int5tion ( publi%+ a simil> "w4 ,aft] a few ( !m _h be5 engrav$1 he gave up ! ?\ght ( proce$+ fur!r ) ! "w1 f a d\bt ( its success4 ,bewick's "w 0 already 9 ! m>ket2 & x 0 que/ionable if ano!r ( ! same k9d1 appe>+ %ortly aft]1 w\ld meet ) a sale adequate to defray ! exp5se4 ,! ?ree cuts 9 ! opposite page 7 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,bran/on = ! propos$ "w4 ,! two fir/ are respectively illu/rations ( ! fables ( ,indu/ry & ,slo?1 & ( ! ,two ,crabs2 ! ?ird 0 int5d$ z a tail-piece4 ,! cut ( ,indu/ry & ,slo? is c]ta9ly sup]ior to t ( ! same subject 9 ,bewick's ,fables2 b t ( ! ,two ,crabs1 ?\gh m delicately engrav$1 is n equal to ! cut ( ! same subject 9 ,bewick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,indu/ry ,,& ,,slo?4--,rob]t ,bran/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,two ,,crabs4--,rob]t ,bran/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tail-,,piece ,,to ,,! ,,two ,,crabs4--,rob]t ,bran/on4 ,mr4 ,bran/on also ?\ght t ,bewick's ,birds 7 e/imat$ too highly2 & he engrav$ two or ?ree cuts to %[ t he c\ld d ! same ?+s z well1 or bett]4 ,9 ?is respect1 h[ev]1 he c]ta9ly =m$ a wrong e/imate ( 8 abilities2 =1 x is extremely d\btful if--ev5 ) ! aid ( ! be/ design] he c\ld f9d--he c\ld h execut$ tw5ty cuts ( birds :i*1 = natural "*1 w\ld be> a comp>ison ) tw5ty ( ! wor/ engrav$ by ,bewick himself4 ,! great ,nor?-c\ntry man 0 an arti/ z well z a wood engrav]2 & 9 ?is respect 8 pr9cipal pupils h also be5 di/+ui%$4 ,! cut on our pres5t page is "o ( ^? engrav$ by ,mr4 ,bran/on to %[ 8 sup]iority ov] ,bewick4 ,! bird repres5t$ is probably ! ,grey ,phal>ope1 or ,scallop-to$ ,s&-pip]1 & x is unque/ionably execut$ ) consid]able ability2 b ?\gh ,bewick's cut ( ! same bird be "o ( 8 wor/1 x is sup]ior to t engrav$ by ,mr4 ,bran/on 9 e ess5tial po9t4 ,illu/ration ,betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty ye>s ago1 a wood engrav] nam$ ,au/9 execut$ sev]al cuts1 b did no?+ to promote ! art4 ,william ,hughes1 a native ( ,liv]pool1 :o di$ 9 ,febru>y #ahbe1 at ! e>ly age ( ?irty-two1 produc$ a numb] ( wood engrav+s ( v consid]able m]it4 ,he *iefly excell$ 9 ar*itectural subjects4 ,"o ( 8 be/ productions is a d$ication cut 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,johnson's ,typographia1 #ahbd1 %[+ ! int]ior ( a *apel1 surr\nd$ by ! arms ( ! memb]s ( ! ,roxburgh ,club4 ,ano!r arti/ ( ! same p]iod1 nam$ ,hugh ,hughes1 ( :om sc>cely any?+ is n[ kn[n1 execut$ a :ole volume ( s+ul>ly beautiful wood engrav+s1 entitl$ 8,! ,beauties ( ,cambria1 consi/+ ( ,sixty ,views 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,wales10 ,london1 #ahbc4 ,! "w 0 publi%$ by subscription at "o gu9ea1 or on ,india pap] at two gu9eas1 & 0 beautifully pr9t$ by ! same ,john ,johnson :o pr9t$ ,william ,hughes' cuts 9 ! 8,typographia10 & :o1 a few ye>s previ\sly1 _h conduct$ ! ,lee ,priory ,press4 ,! annex$ f\r examples w give an idea ( ! high f9i% & p]fection ( ?is elegant s]ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,hugh ,hughes1 del4 et sc4 ,,pi/ill ,,ca94 ,illu/ration3 ,hugh ,hughes1 del4 et sc4 ,,moll ,,famau4 ,illu/ration3 ,hugh ,hughes1 del4 et sc4 ,,wrexham ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,hugh ,hughes1 del4 et sc4 ,,pwll ,,c>adoc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr\p ,,( ,,fi%4--,j4 ,?ompson4 ,john ,?ompson1,,vii-#hi "o ( ! be/ ,engli% wood engrav]s ( ! pres5t day1 0 a pupil ( ,mr4 ,bran/on4 ,he n only excels1 l 8 ma/]1 9 ! engrav+ ( human figures1 b displays equal tal5t 9 ! execution ( all k9ds ( subjects4 ,among ! v _m excell5t cuts :i* h be5 engrav$ 9 ,engl& )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 ^? execut$ by ,john ,?ompson rank =emo/4 ,z he is r>ely unequal to himself1 x is r difficult to po9t out any :i* are v mu* sup]ior to ! o!rs ( 8 execution4 ,! foll[+1 h[ev]1 may be ref]r$ to z specim5s ( ! g5]al excell5ce ( 8 cuts3--,! title-page to ,puckle's ,club1 #ahag1 & ! cuts ( ,moroso1 ,newsmong]1 ,swe>]1 ,wiseman1 & ,xantippe 9 ! same "w2 ! ,tr\t1 ! ,t5*1 ! ,salmon1 ! ,*ub1 & a gr\p ( small fi%1,,vii-#ij consi/+ ( ! ,m9n[1 ! ,loa*1 ! ,bull-head1 & ! ,/ickle-back1 9 ,major's edition ( ,walton's ,angl]2,,vii-#ia _m ( ! cuts 9 ,butl]'s ,hudibras1 publi%$ by ,baldwyn 9 #ahai1 & repr9t$ by ,bohn1 9 #ahei1 ( :i* we annex an example2 ! portrait ( ,butl]1 prefix$ to an edition ( 8 ,rema9s1 publi%$ 9 #ahbg2 & ,! ,two ,sw9e1 ,! ,mole become a ,connoisseur1 ,love & ,fri5d%ip1 & ! portrait ( ,nor?cote1 9 ! second s]ies ( ,nor?cote's ,fables4 ,"o ( 8 late/ cuts is ! beautifully execut$ portrait ( ,milton & 8 daught]s1 aft] a design by ,mr4 ,h>vey1 already giv5 at page #eca4 ,! foll[+ cut--a r$uc$ copy ( "o ( ! plates 9 ! ,rake's ,progress--by ,mr4 ,?ompson1 engrav$ a few ye>s ago = a project$ edition ( ,hog>?'s ,graphic ,works1 ( :i* only ab\t a doz5 cuts 7 complet$1 is "o ( ! be/ specim5s ( ! art t has be5 execut$ 9 mod]n times4 ,9 ! engrav+ ( small cuts ( ?is k9d ,mr4 ,?ompson has nev] be5 surpass$2 & x is beyond ! p[] ( ! art to effect m ?an :at has "h be5 accompli%$4 ,footnote ,,vii-#hi3 ,*>les ,?ompson1 ! bro!r ( ,john1 is also a wood engrav]4 ,he resides at ,p>is1 & 8 cuts are bett] kn[n 9 ,france ?an 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,miss ,eliza ,?ompson1 a daught] ( ,john ,?ompson1 also engraves on wood4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ij3 ,! ,salmon1 ,*ub1 & gr\p ( small fi% are giv5 on ! prec$+ page f ! actual cuts ref]r$ to4 ,footnote ,,vii-#ia3 ,bewick 0 accu/om$ to speak highly ( ! cuts ( fi% 9 ?is beautiful "w 7sev]al ( :i* are giv5 on ! previ\s pages73 ! ,salmon1 engrav$ by ,j4 ,?ompson1 & ! ,eel1 by ,h4 ,:ite1 he especially admir$4 ,among o!rs sc>cely less excell5t are ! ,pike1 by ,r4 ,bran/on2 & ! ,c>p1 ! ,grayl+1 & ! ,ruffe1 by ,h4 ,:ite4 ,major1 9 8 second edition1 w5t to great exp5se 9 sub/itut+ o!r engrav+s = mo/ ( ^!1 ) ! int5tion ( surpass+ all t1 by ! aid ( arti/s1 he _h done be=e--9 :i* he to "s ext5t succe$$4 ,9 ?is second edition1 ! ,salmon is engrav$ by ,john ,jackson4 ,all ,mr4 ,major's wood-cuts1 z well z _m ( ,bewick's1 hav+ pass$ into ! h&s ( ,h5ry ,g4 ,bohn 7! pres5t publi%]71 8 edition ( ,walton's ,angl] is ext5sively enri*$ by !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,salmon4--,j4 ,?ompson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ub4--,j4 ,?ompson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pike4--,r4 ,bran/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eel4--,h4 ,:ite4 ,illu/ration3 ,john ,?ompson4 ,illu/ration ,! ,engli% wood engrav]s1 :o next to ,*>lton ,nesbit & ,john ,?ompson seem be/ entitl$ to hon\rable m5tion1 are3--,samuel ,williams299 ,?omas ,williams2 ,eb5ez] ,l&ells2 ,john ,orr9 ,smi?299 ,george ,baxt]2 ,rob]t ,bran/on2 ,fr$]ick ,w4 ,bran/on2 ,h5ry ,:ite1 s5ior1 & ,h5ry ,:ite1 junior2 ,?omas ,mosses299 ,*>les ,gorway2 ,samuel ,slad]299 ,w4 ,t4 ,gre52 ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton2 ,john ,m>t92 ,j4 ,w4 ,:imp]2 ,john ,wright2 ,w4 ,a4 ,folk>d2 ,*>les ,gray299 ,george ,vasey2 ,john ,byfield299 ,john ,jackson299 ,daniel ,dodd1 & ,john ,dodd1 bro!rs4--,william ,h5ry ,p[is1 :o di$ 9 #ahcf1 ag$ #bh1 0 "o ( ! be/ wood engrav]s ( 8 "t4 ,sev]al beautiful cuts execut$ by him are to be f\nd 9 ,m>t9 & ,we/all's ,pictorial ,illu/rations ( ! ,bible1 #ahcc1 & 9 an edition ( ,scott's ,bible1 #ahcd2 bo? works n[ publi%$ by ,mr4 ,bohn4 ,! foll[+ examples1 pr9cipally tak5 f ,m>t9 & ,we/all's ,illu/rations1 w exemplify ! tal5ts ( a few ( ! di/+ui%$ arti/s above m5tion$4 ,x w\ld swell ! book beyond its limits to give m1 o!rwise we might select f ! same "w1 :i* conta9s "o hundr$ & =ty engrav+s1 by all ! pr9cipal wood engrav]s ( ! day4 ,footnote 993 ,all ! engrav]s to ^: names an a/]isk is add$ are n[ deceas$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,m>t9 ,,john ,,jackson ,! above cut 0 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,john ,jackson 9 #ahcc4 ,abundant evid5ces ( ! v]satility ( 8 xylographic tal5t1 are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! pres5t volume1 ( :i*1 ?\gh n ! au?or 9 a lit]>y s5se1 he 0 at lea/ ! conductor & proprietor4 ,among ! subjects po9t$ out by ,mr4 ,*atto z engrav$ by ,mr4 ,jackson1 ^? on pages #dgc1 #die1 #dif1 #eab1 #fje1 #fad1 des]ve to be m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,m>t9 ,f4 ,w4 ,,bran/on ,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,bran/on1 bro!r ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bran/on1 has long be5 kn[n z "o ( our be/ engrav]s1 z ! annex$ ,specim5 w %ew4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,m>t9 ,e4 ,,l&ells ,,mr4 ,,eb5ez] ,,l&ells1 ! engrav] ( ?is beautiful cut1 has q rec5tly be5 lo/ to u4 ,he 0 projector1 & = a long "t proprietor1 ( ,! ,ladies' ,illu/rat$ ,newspap]1 & has engrav$ an imm5se numb] ( subjects ( all classes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,m>t9 ,w4 ,h4 ,,p[is ,! tal5t$ engrav] ( ! pres5t subject has already be5 nam$1 ) comm5dation1 at page #edd4 ,we le>n t ! sum paid him = engrav+ x 0 fifte5 gu9eas1 be+ ?ree gu9eas m ?an ! av]age price4 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,bagg1 n[ a successful draftsman ( anatomical subjects1 made ?is & all ! o!r draw+s on ! blocks at ! rate ( five gu9eas ea*1 & ,mr4 ,john ,m>t9 _h t5 gu9eas ea* = ! designs4 ,z ! volume conta9s #add subjects x mu/ h co/ ! projectors1 ,messrs4 ,bull & ,*urton1 upw>ds ( f\r ?\s& gu9eas3 x may n[ be b\ght = a doz5 %ill+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,m>t9 ,,?os4 ,,williams ,,mr4 ,,?omas ,,williams ranks high z an engrav] on wood1 & ! illu/rat$ works ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s teem ) 8 p]=mances4 ,"s ( ! engrav+s 9 ! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 #ahei1 are by him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,m>t9 ,w4 ,t4 ,,gre5 ,! only o!r ,illu/ration :i* we %all take f ,m>t9 & ,we/all's ,bible ,pr9ts is ! above1 engrav$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,gre51 :o cont9ues to ex]cise 8 bur9 ) great skill1 & has rec5tly engrav$ "o ( ! plates 9 ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 & ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 & sev]al ( ,maclise's designs = ,t5nyson's ,pr9cess4 ,to ?is is add$1 z a vignette f9i% to ! *apt]1 an engrav+ rec5tly execut$ by him = an illu/rat$ edition ( ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 n[ publi%$ 9 ,bohn's ,libr>y1 & already m5tion$ at page #eca4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal wood engrav]s 9 ,g]many1 ab\t ! "t t ,bewick began to practise ! art 9 ,engl&1 0 ,ung]4 ,9 #aggi he publi%$ a tract1 conta9+ five cuts ( 8 own engrav+1 discuss+ ! "q :e!r ,alb]t ,dur] actually engrav$ on wood3 8 decision is 9 ! negative4 ,9 ! same ye>1 8 son also publi%$ a diss]tation1 illu/rat$ ) wood-cuts1 on ! progress ( wood engrav+ 9 ,br&5burg1 ) an acc\nt ( ! pr9cipal books conta9+ wood-cuts pr9t$ 9 t "p ( ,prussia4 ,!y jo9tly execut$ "s *i>o-scuros1 & a numb] ( trifl+ book-illu/rations su* z are to be f\nd 9 ,he9ek5's ,ide ,gnrale d'une ,collection complette d',e/ampes4 ,^! cuts are ( a v inf]ior "*4 ,gubitz1 a ,g]man wood engrav]1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 execut$ sev]al cuts :i* are mu* sup]ior to any ,i h se5 by ! ,ung]s4 ,sev]al ( ^? engrav$ by ,gubitz1 be> consid]able resemblance to ! cuts ( ,bewick4 ,! pr9cipal ,fr5* wood engrav]s 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 subsequ5t to ,papillon1 7 ,gritn] & ,beugnet2 b nei!r ( !m produc$ any?+ sup]ior to ! wor/ ( ! cuts to be f\nd 9 ! "w ( ,papillon4 ,) !m wood engrav+ 9 ,france r decl9$ ?an advanc$4 ,( late ye>s ! art has made great progress bo? 9 ,g]many & ,france2 & %\ld ! ta/e = wood-cuts cont9ue to increase 9 ^? c\ntries1 _! engrav]s may rega9 = ! art t popul>ity :i* x enjoy$ 9 =m] times1 :5 ,nuremb]g & ,lyons 7 ! great m>ts = works illu/rat$ ) wood engrav+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,w4 ,,h>vey ,w4 ,t4 ,,gre5 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,arti/s ,,& ,,engrav]s ,,on ,,wood ,,( ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day4 ,! pres5t *apt]1 :i* is additional to ! =m] edition1 _h n be5 contemplat$ until ! previ\s pages 7 pr9t$ (f4 ,b x 0 !n sugge/$ to ! publi%]1 by "o :o 0 able & will+ to co-op]ate 9 ! object1 t al?\gh ! book 0 int5d$ to be m]ely an improv$ repr9t ( :at _h be5 giv5 be=e1 a %ort *apt] might advantage\sly be add$ respect+ ^? ,arti/s ( ! pres5t day :o 7 omitt$ by ,jackson1 or h ris5 to em95ce s9ce 8 "t4 ,applications 9 ! =m ( a circul> 7 accord+ly issu$1 & h result$ 9 ! ,specim5s n[ pres5t$4 ,!y mu/ speak = !mselves1 x n be+ )9 ! prov9ce ( ! publi%] to pron\nce z to _! respective m]its4 ,besides :i*1 ! art ( wood-engrav+1 ow+ to ! enorm\s impulse giv5 to x dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 has atta9$ su* a pit* ( excell5ce1 t x w\ld be some:at difficult to det]m9e :o1 if suffici5tly /imulat$1 c\ld produce ! mo/ p]fect "w4 ,arti/s 9 ,wood1 l ,arti/s 9 ,oil1 h _! specialties1 & excel relatively 9 ,l&scape1 ,cattle1 or ,figure draw+2 ,ar*itecture1 ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,diagrams1 or ,hum\r4 ,b ?\gh ea* may acquire di/9ction 9 ! dep>tm5t :i* *oice or accid5t has assign$ him1 "s c und]take all dep>tm5ts equally well4 ,9 say+ ?is we ref] to engrav+ r ?an design+1 = ,h>rison ,weir w\ld h>dly und]take ,ar*itecture2 ,orl&o ,jewitt1 ,animals2 or ,george ,cruik%ank1 ,ma!matical ,diagrams4 ,:51 ) ! age ( ,bewick1 wood-engrav+ began to reassume its importance = book illu/ration1 bo? design+ & engrav+ 7 g5]ally p]=m$ by ! same h&2 b1 9 ! pres5t day1 ! pr(essions are becom+ too important to be jo9$1 & ^? :o1 l ,william ,h>vey1 ,samuel ,williams1 & o!rs1 comm5c$ by practis+ bo?1 n[1 recognis+ ! mod]n policy ( a division ( lab\r1 conf9e !mselves ) few exceptions to "o4 ,our bus9ess "h1 s f> z designs are conc]n$1 is almo/ limit$ to ^? draughtsm5 :o habitually draw on wood1 = x is unnecess>y to say t e draw+ or pa9t+ may be transf]r$ to wood by ! practical op]ator4 ,! foll[+ ,specim5s are giv5 9 accid5tal ord] r ?an ) any notion ( prec$5ce or classification4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]cival ,,skelton ,,james ,,coop] ,,! ,,si]ra ,,mor5a ,! pres5t & foll[+ specim5s are engrav$ by ,,james ,,coop]4 ,! fir/ "o is f ,mr4 ,murray's illu/rat$ edition ( ,*ilde ,h>old1 publi%$ 9 #ahei1 :i* conta9s eighty engrav+s1 all design$ by ,mr4 ,p]cival ,skelton2 ! o!rs f ! ,select ,poems & ,songs ( ,rob]t ,burns1 publi%$ by ,k5t ,co4 9 #aheh4 ,mr4 ,coop] is fav\rably kn[n to ! arti/ic _w by 8 engrav+s 9 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes1 a volume to :i* we %all pres5tly ref] aga92 ,poetry & ,pictures f ,?omas ,moore1 ,longmans1 #aheh2 ,! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 #ahei2 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 #aheh2 & ,bloomfield's ,f>m]'s ,boy1 #aheh--mo/ly aft] designs by ,birket ,fo/]1 & all produc$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,cundall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,banks ,,( ,,! ,,ni?4 ,,burns' ,,poems ,illu/ration3 ,,h>rison ,,weir ,,james ,,coop] ,,! ,,twa ,,dogs4 ,,burns' ,,poems ,illu/ration3 ,,h>rison ,,weir ,,james ,,coop] ,,to ,,auld ,,m>e ,,maggie ,,burns' ,,poems ,?is & ! prec$+ ?ree specim5s complete :at we h to adduce ( ,mr4 ,coop]'s engrav+3 ! design]s w be spok5 ( 9 subsequ5t pages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>rison ,,weir ,j4 ,,gre5away ,,! ,,poetry ,,( ,,nature4 ,,mr4 ,,h>rison ,,weir is di/+ui%$ = 8 spirit$ draw+s ( animals & rural l&scapes1 z w be se5 9 ! annex$ examples1 :i* are engrav$ by ,w4 ,wright 7=m]ly ) ,vizetelly7 & ,john ,gre5away4 ,he has contribut$ to mo/ ( ! popul> works ( rec5t date1 9 :i* animals =m a feature4 ,among !m may be nam$3 ,! ,poetry ( ! ,ye>2 ,poems & ,songs by ,rob]t ,burns2 ,poetry & ,pictures f ,?omas ,moore2 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems2 ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,dramatic ,sc5es & ,poems2 ,fable ,book = ,*ildr52 ,james ,montgom]y's ,poems1 #ahfj1 & ,wood's ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>rison ,,weir ,n4 ,,wright ,,bloomfield',s ,,f>m]',s ,,boy ,illu/ration3 ,,h>rison ,,weir ,,gre5away ,,campbell',s ,,pleasures ,,( ,,hope4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>rison ,,weir ,j4 ,,gre5away ,bo? ?is & ! specim5 on ! prec$+ page are f ! illu/rat$ edition ( ,campbell's ,pleasures ( ,hope1 ( :i* all ! plates are engrav$ by ,,mr4 ,,john ,,gre5away4 ,mr4 ,gre5away has contribut$ to _m o!r ( ! illu/rat$ publications ( ! pres5t day1 & among !m to ! ,poetry ( ,nature1 edit$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,cundall1 ) ?irty-six cuts all design$ by ,h>rison ,weir4 ,l[ & ,son1 #ahfj4 ,bloomfield's ,f>m]'s ,boy1 #aheh2 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,ballads1 #ahei4 ,illu/ration3 ,,birket ,,fo/] ,,edmund ,,evans ,,wild ,,fl[]s4 ,engrav$ by ,,edmund ,,evans f a design by ,birket ,fo/] = ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,bogue 9 #aheg1 & s9ce by ,messrs4 ,r\tl$ge4 ,mr4 ,evans has likewise engrav$ ! ,l&scapes 9 ,c[p]'s ,task1 aft] designs by ! same arti/1 ,h]b]t's ,poetical ,works1 & ,graham's ,sabba?1 all publi%$ by ,nisbet ,co42 ! ,l&scapes 9 ,scott's ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel1 & ,m>mion1 publi%$ by ,adam ,black ,co42 _m ( ! subjects 9 ,poems & ,songs by ,rob]t ,burns1 f :i* we h giv5 sev]al specim5s1 ,! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 c42 & all ! illu/rations 9 ,goldsmi?'s ,poetical ,works1 :i* are pr9t$ 9 ,col\rs by himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,birket ,,fo/] ,w4 ,j4 ,,palm] ,,lays ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,l& ,engrav$ by ,w4 ,j4 ,,palm]1 aft] a design by ,birket ,fo/]1 = ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&1 publi%$ by ,nisbet ,co4 ,mr4 ,palm] has also contribut$ to ! ,illu/rat$ edition ( ,?omson's ,seasons1 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,gray's ,poems1 publi%$ by ,l[ & ,son2 ,! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 ,k5t ,co41 & o!r pictorial works1 *iefly aft] ! designs ( ,birket ,fo/]1 & "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mr4 ,cundall4 ,al?\gh sev]al specim5s h already be5 giv5 ( ,birket ,fo/]'s p[]s ( design1 9 speak+ ( ! engrav]s1 we give ano!r1 "o ( 8 e>lie/1 t we may h occasion to say some?+ ( himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,birket ,,fo/] ,h4 ,,vizetelly ,,evangel9e4 ,,mr4 ,,birket ,,fo/] 0 a pupil ( ,mr4 ,l&ells1 :o1 disc]n+ 8 arti/ic tal5t1 employ$ him f an e>ly age 9 ! sup]ior dep>tm5t ( 8 pr(ession4 ,aft] he comm5c$ on 8 own acc\nt1 8 fir/ important illu/rations 7 = ,longfell['s ,poetical ,works1 ( :i* ! above is a specim54 ,he has s9ce p>tly or :olly illu/rat$1 besides ^? works already m5tion$ "u ! "n ( ! engrav]1 ,adams's ,allegories1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,riv+ton2 ,! ,book ( ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 ,poets ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,*ri/mas ) ! ,poets1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 ,home ,affections1 ,! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,dramatic ,sc5es & ,poems1 ,s\!y's ,life ( ,nelson1 ,gosse's ,riv]s ( ! ,bible1 & _m o!r ( ! be/ works ( ! p]iod4 ,9 #ahei he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,old ,wat] ,col\r ,society1 & has s9ce !n devot$ himself almo/ exclusively1 & ) great success1 to pa9t+ 9 ,wat] ,col\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,t5niel ,,dalziel ,,mr4 ,,john ,,t5niel is a successful illu/rator ( ,hi/orical subjects1 & ,ballad poetry1 & has produc$ _m f9e examples ( 8 p5cil4 ,8 mo/ rec5t "w is a s]ies ( sixty-n9e designs = ! illu/rat$ edition ( ,moore's ,lalla ,rookh1 engrav$ by ! ,messrs4 ,dalziel1 :i* ! 8,times0 ( ,nov4 #a1 #ahfj1 calls ! 8greate/ illu/rative a*ievem5t ( any s+le h&10 & ( :i* we "h pres5t an example4 ,he is n[ engag$ 9 illu/rat+ ,%irley ,brooks' /ory call$ ,! ,silv] ,cord1 9 8,once a ,week20 & 9 #aheg he contribut$ a numb] ( spirit$ designs to ! illu/rat$ edition ( ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,poetical ,works4 ,among ,mr4 ,t5niel's e>li] works are sev]al 9 ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads1 edit$ by ,samuel ,c>t] ,hall1 9 #ahdc2 & among 8 popul> designs1 sket*$ ) a free p5cil1 are 8 l>ge cuts 9 8,pun*10 & 8 small ones 9 ,pun*'s ,pocket ,book4 ,illu/rations3 ,,john ,,t5niel ,,dalziel ,,dea? ,,( ,,s=za4 ,,s=za4 ,bo? ^! examples are f ,b>ry ,cornwall's dramatic sket*1 entitl$ ,ludovico ,s=za1 publi%$ 9 ! illu/rat$ edition ( 8 ,poems4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,gilb]t4 ,,dalziel ,,bro!rs4 ,,antony ,,& ,,cleopatra4 ,engrav$ by ,,messrs4 ,,dalziel1 ,,bro!rs1 aft] ! designs ( ,,mr4 ,,john ,,gilb]t4 ,^! highly appreciat$ ,arti/s appe> toge!r 9 a consid]able numb] ( ! illu/rat$ publications ( ! pres5t day4 ,messrs4 ,dalziel are among ! mo/ ext5sive ( our wood-engrav]s1 & h tak5 "p 9 all ! illu/rat$ works ( importance :i* h be5 produc$ dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,among ! rec5t ones are3--,/aunton's ,illu/rat$ ,%akspe>e1 f :i* ! above specim5 is tak51 & ,longfell['s ,poems1 ,r\tl$ge1 #ahei2 ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,dramatic ,sc5es & ,poems1 ) fifty-sev5 wood-engrav+s1 publi%$ by ,*apman & ,hall 9 #aheg1 n[ republi%$ by ,h5ry ,g4 ,bohn2 & ,t5nyson's ,pr9cess1 aft] draw+s by ,maclise4 ,^! arti/s are at pres5t engag$ 9 engrav+ ,millais' ,designs 9 ! 8,cornhill ,magaz9e40 ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas ,,dalziel ,,dalziel ,,bro!rs ,,! ,,flor5t9e ,,p>ty4 ,! pres5t engrav+1 execut$ by ! ,bro!rs ,dalziel1 = ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,poems1 gives a pleas+ example ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,dalziel's draw+4 99 99 99 ,! next two are e>ly designs by ,mr4 ,john ,gilb]t4 ,! fir/ is f ! ,p]cy ,tales ( ! ,k+s ( ,engl&1 orig9ally publi%$ 9 #ahdj1 by ,mr4 ,cundall1 & s9ce by ,h5ry ,g4 ,bohn2 ! o!r f ,maxwell's ,life ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 9 :i* !re are upw>ds ( "o hundr$ simil> vignettes1 orig9ally publi%$ 9 #ahdj1 by ,messrs4 ,baily1 ,bro!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,gilb]t ,,kir*n] ,,pr9ce ,,ar?ur ,,& ,,hub]t ,,de ,,b\rg4 ,,f ,,p]cy ,,tales ,,( ,,! ,,k+s ,,( ,,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,gilb]t ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,demon ,,lov]4 ,,john ,,gilb]t4 ,we h "h1 engrav$ by ,,mr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,,folk>d1 ano!r ( ! e>ly designs ( ,,mr4 ,,john ,,gilb]t4 ,x is "o ( ! illu/rations to ! ,book ( ,engli% ,ballads1 edit$ by ,s4 ,c4 ,hall1 9 #ahdc1 :i* conta9s upw>ds ( f\r hundr$ wood-engrav+s1 & 0 ! fir/ "w ( any consequ5ce t pres5t$ a comb9ation ( ! be/ arti/s ( ! "t4 ,inde$1 x 0 ! lead] 9 :at may be call$ ! ,illu/rat$ ,*ri/mas ,books ( ! pres5t day4 ,s9ce ?is p]iod1 ,mr4 ,gilb]t has probably produc$ m draw+s on wood ?an any o!r arti/1 & has contribut$ to almo/ e illu/rat$ book ( any importance4 ,he is a memb] ( ! ,old ,wat] ,col\r ,society1 & has s5t _m f9e draw+s to ! ,exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,h4 ,,?omas ,w4 ,l4 ,,?omas ,,f ,,hiawa?a4 ,,william ,l4 ,,?omas des]ves to rank among ! =emo/ ( our wood-engrav]s1 z w be se5 by ! pres5t specim54 ,he engrav$ mo/ ( ! subjects to ,hiawa?a1 all ( :i* 7 drawn by 8 bro!r ,george ,h4 ,,?omas1 & are n[ includ$ 9 ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ edition ( ,longfell['s ,works2 _m ( ,mr4 ,maclise's ma/]ly designs = ,t5nyson's ,pr9cess1 & all ! subjects = ! ,boys' ,book ( ,ballads1 f draw+s by ,john ,gilb]t4 ,!y h also contribut$1 sep>ately or toge!r1 to ! ,book ( ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 ,poetry & ,pictures f ,?omas ,moore1 ,burns' ,poems1 ,! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 & _m o!r illu/rat$ works4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hiawa?a4 ,illu/ration ,engrav$ by ,,horace ,,h>ral 7a pupil ( ! late ,john ,orr9 ,smi?71 aft] a design by ,george ,?omas1 = ! illu/rat$ edition ( ,longfell['s ,poems1 =m]ly publi%$ 9 deta*$ portions by ,k5t ,co41 & n[ completely by ,h4 ,g4 ,bohn4 ,^! arti/s h also contribut$ to ! illu/rat$ editions ( ,col]idge's ,anci5t ,m>9]1 ,burns' ,poems1 ,campbell's ,pleasures ( ,hope1 ! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 & ,! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&2 also to ! ,poetry & ,pictures f ,?omas ,moore4 ,mr4 ,george ,?omas1 :o has long rank$ z "o ( our be/ draughtsm5 ( figure subjects1 has ( late turn$ 8 att5tion almo/ exclusively to pa9t+ 9 oils1 & is a successful exhibitor4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,h4 ,,?omas ,e4 ,,evans ,,john ,,&]son ,,my ,,jo4 ,,burns' ,,poems4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,h4 ,,?omas ,e4 ,,evans ,^! pleas+ specim5s conclude our examples ( ! draw+ ( ,mr4 ,george ,h5ry ,?omas4 ,( ,mr4 ,evans ! engrav] we h already spok54 ,illu/ration3 ,d4 ,,maclise ,w4 ,,?omas ,,f ,,t5nyson',s ,,pr9cess4 ,! illu/rat$ volume f :i* ?is is tak5 has tw5ty-six illu/rations1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,?omas1 ,w4 ,t4 ,gre51 ,e4 ,williams1 & ,dalziel1 ,bro!rs4 ,miss ,e4 ,williams is a daught] ( ! late tal5t$ ,samuel ,williams4 ,illu/ration3 ,d4 ,,maclise1 ,r4,a4 ,j4 ,,?ompson ,,leonora ,"h is ano!r ,design by ,,mr4 ,d4 ,,maclise1 ,r4,a41 :o 9 8 own peculi> mann] has furni%$ draw+s on wood = sev]al f9ely illu/rat$ publications1 among :i* may be enum]at$ ,longman's edition ( ! ,poems & ,songs ( ,?omas ,moore1 & especially ,t5nyson's ,pr9cess1 ( :i* we h giv5 an example on a previ\s page4 ,! pres5t is ! smalle/ ( a s]ies ( designs engrav$ by ,mr4 ,john ,?ompson1 = t /irr+ ,ballad1 ,brg]'s ,leonora4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p]cival ,,skelton ,j4 ,w4 ,,:ymp] ,,*ilde ,,h>old4 ,,mr4 ,,p]cival ,,skelton has be5 m5tion$ incid5tally on a previ\s page1 & we %\ld h giv5 9 addition a f9e example ( 8 p5cil f ! ,book ( ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 b ! plate is too l>ge4 ,?is pres5t small specim5 is to introduce ! "n ( ,,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,:ymp]1 :o has be5 conc]n$ 9 _m ( ! illu/rat$ publications ( ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 & especially ^? publi%$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,k ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cl>kson ,,/anfield1 ,r4,a4 ,h4 ,,vizetelly ,,&]son ,,read+ ,,! ,,bible ,,to ,,jack4 ,,mr4 ,,h5ry ,,vizetelly has be5 s indefatigable = ! la/ tw5ty ye>s 9 produc+ illu/rat$ works 9 e dep>tm5t1 t examples ( 8 wood engrav+ are ext5sively di/ribut$4 ,he is besides a pr9t]1 well skill$ 9 br++ up wood-cuts1 :i* is a mo/ delicate & arti/ic process4 ,all ! engrav+s 9 ,mill]'s ,boy's ,c\ntry ,ye> ,book1 & ! ,book ( ,wond]ful ,inv5tions1 are engrav$ by him1 or "u 8 direction1 z are also mo/ ( ! *>m+ s]ies ( designs made by ,,cl>kson ,,/anfield1 ,r4,a4 = ,m>ryat's ,poor ,jack1 ( :i* ! annex$ is a specim52 _m ( ! plates 9 ,bohn's illu/rat$ edition ( ,longfell['s ,poems2 & ! entire s]ies ( ,*ri/mas ) ! ,poets1 fifty-?ree subjects1 pr9t$ 9 t9ts by himself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,birket ,,fo/] ,h4 ,,vizetelly ,,*ri/mas ,,9 ,,! ,,old5 ,,"t4 ,we "h pres5t a specim5 ( a s]ies ( engrav+s execut$ by ,mr4 ,vizetelly1 = a "w project$ by ! late ,mr4 ,bogue1 & yet unpubli%$4 ,illu/ration ,,samuel ,,williams 7rec5tly deceas$7 des]ves a conspicu\s ni*e 9 ! ,walhalla ( ,arti/s = 8 =ty-eight beautiful illu/rations ( ,?omson's ,seasons1 all drawn & engrav$ by himself4 ,! annex$ specim5s select$ f t volume 7n[ ab\t to be publi%$ by ,mr4 ,bohn 9 8 ,illu/rat$ ,libr>y7 w give a fair example ( 8 peculi> ta/e 9 ! m9iature treatm5t ( rural subjects4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,wolf ,g4 ,,pe>son ,,eagles1 ,,/ags ,,& ,,wolves4 ,?is & ! foll[+ engrav+ 7 execut$ by ,,mr4 ,,george ,,pe>son1 a ris+ arti/1 aft] draw+s made by ,,john ,,wolf1 = ! illu/rations ( ,t4 ,w4 ,atk9son's ,travels 9 ! ,region ( ! ,upp] & ,l[] ,amoor 79 ,ea/]n ,asia74 ,mr4 ,wolf1 l ,mr4 ,h>rison ,weir1 has a pref]5ce = animal draw+1 & excels 9 x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,wolf ,g4 ,,pe>son ,,h>e ,,hawk+4 ,?is well-execut$ cut ( ,h>e ,hawk+ is f ,messrs4 ,freeman & ,salv9's ,"w on ,falconry1 rec5tly publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,longman4 ,mr4 ,pe>son has lately be5 engag$ 9 engrav+ ,ic?yological subjects = ,h>twig's ,sea & its ,liv+ ,wond]s1 & "s o!r works ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 a dep>tm5t :i* he is cultivat+ by pref]5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,g4 ,,pe>son ,,falls ,,( ,,niag>a4 ,! ,vignette by ! same engrav] is "o ( ! ,illu/rations ( ,bohn's ,pictorial ,h&-book ( ,geography j publi%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,h4 ,,anelay ,,measom ,,f ,,s&=d ,,& ,,m]ton4 ,,mr4 ,h4 ,,anelay is well kn[n to ! public z a draughtsman on wood1 especially 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( portrait & figure draw+4 ,! pres5t example1 tak5 f ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ edition ( ,s&=d & ,m]ton1 is engrav$ by ,,mr4 ,,measom1 ^: practice is ext5sive & ( long /&+4 ,sev]al ( ! figure subjects 9 ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 rec5tly publi%$ by ,k5t & ,co41 & 9 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 publi%$ by ,l[ & ,co4 are by him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,absolon ,,?omas ,,bolton ,,miles ,,/&i%4 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,,absolon has = _m ye>s be5 an illu/rator ( popul> /ory books & poems1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 publi%$ or edit$ by ,mr4 ,cundall4 ,among !m may be nam$1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 publi%$ by ,l[ & ,co41 9 #ahei2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes1 ,r\tl$ge1 #aheh2 ,goldsmi?'s ,poetical ,works2 & ,lockh>t's ,spani% ,ballads1 publi%$ by ,murray4 ,! pres5t specim5 is f ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ edition ( ,longfell['s ,poems1 9 :i* ! ,miles ,/&i% is *iefly illu/rat$ by ! designs ( ,mr4 ,absolon1 & entirely engrav$ by ,,mr4 ,,?omas ,,bolton1 an arti/ ( consid]able repute1 ^: "n appe>s 9 _m ( ! books quot$ 9 ^! pages1 & among o!rs1 9 ! ,poems & ,songs ( ,rob]t ,burns4 ,mr4 ,bolton has j inv5t$ a process by :i* ! p[]s ( photography may be appli$ direct to ! production ( subjects f nature or art on wood1 & f :i* ! engrav+ c be made )\t ! int]v5tion ( draw+4 ,we annex 8 fir/ specim52 o!rs are ab\t to appe> 9 ! illu/rat$ edition ( ,miss ,w9kwor?'s ,lyra ,g]manica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flaxman ,,?omas ,,bolton ,?is specim5 ( ,,mr4 ,,bolton',s new process is tak5 f ! well-kn[n relief ( ,flaxman1 8,deliv] u f evil40 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ successful photographs on wood1 & 0 pr9t$ & engrav$ by ,,mr4 ,,?omas ,,bolton1 f ,mr4 ,leighton's negative4 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,,doyle ,,john ,,swa9 ,,montalva',s ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,,mr4 ,,ri*>d ,,doyle's mann] ( draw+ is fairly exemplifi$ 9 ! pres5t engrav+1 execut$ by him = ,montalva's ,fairy ,tales ( all ,nations1 publi%$ by ,*apman ,hall 9 #ahei4 ,mr4 ,doyle has illu/rat$ a consid]able numb] ( books ( a popul> "*1 among :i* may be nam$3 ,! ,sc\r+ ( ! ,:ite ,horse2 ,! ,newcomes2 ,! ,cont95tal ,t\r ( ,br[n1 ,jones1 & ,rob9son1 ( :i* we give an example on ! next page3 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,engli%2 & ,pips' ,di>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ri*>d ,,doyle ,,john ,,swa9 ,,br[n1 ,,jones1 ,,& ,,rob9son ,,9 ,,v5ice4 ,mr4 ,doyle's 8,=eign ,t\r ( ,br[n1 ,jones1 & ,rob9son1 :at !y saw & did 9 ,belgium1 ,g]many1 ,switz]l&1 & ,italy10 publi%$ 9 #ahee1 has acquir$ great popul>ity among ! lov]s ( comic lit]ature1 & by ! k9dness ( ! publi%]s1 ,messrs4 ,bradbury & ,evans1 we are enabl$ to give a specim54 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,lee* ,,orr9 ,,smi? ,,f ,,uncle ,,tom',s ,,cab94 ,,mr4 ,,john ,,lee* is s well kn[n to e read] ( 8,pun*10 t we ne$ h>dly d m "h ?an m]ely m5tion 8 "n z "o ( ! be/ & mo/ ext5sive ( our graphic humori/s4 ,among ! _m books to :i* he has contribut$ are3 ,! ,comic ,hi/ory ( ,engl&2 ,comic ,hi/ory ( ,rome2 ,comic ,aspects ( ,engli% ,social ,life2 ,t\r 9 ,irel&2 ,soapy ,sponge's ,sport+ ,t\r2 ,"y ,tr\blesome2 ,mr4 ,jorrocks' ,hunt2 ,pun*'s ,almanack2 & sev]al editions ( ,uncle ,tom's ,cab91 f "o ( :i* 7our own7 ! above specim5 is tak51 drawn1 z we h reason to believe1 9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,lee* ,,john ,,swa9 ,,peasantry ,,on ,,_! ,,way ,,to ,,an ,,iri% ,,fair4 ,,t\r ,,9 ,,irel&4 ,ano!r specim5 ( ,mr4 ,lee*'s comic hum\r1 tak5 f 8 ,t\r 9 ,irel&1 publi%$ at ! ,pun* ,(fice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,leighton ,,h5ry ,,leighton ,,ha/5 ,,at ,,leisure4 ,we "h pres5t a specim5 ( t curi\s "w1 8,moral ,emblems ( all ,ages & ,nations10 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,longman ,co4 ,! :ole book has be5 drawn aft] ! orig9als & sup]9t5d$ ?r\gh\t by ,,mr4 ,,john ,,leighton1 :o is well kn[n "u 8 pseudonyme ( 8,luke ,limn]40 ,! engrav+ is by ,,h5ry ,,leighton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,edw>d ,,duncan ,,horace ,,h>ral ,,! ,,bl[+ ,,up ,,( ,,cor9? ,,edw>d ,,duncan1 a memb] ( ! ,old ,wat] ,col\r ,society1 (t5 draws on wood1 especially ,l&scapes & ,naval subjects4 ,he has contribut$ to ! ,book ( ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes1 ,poetry & ,pictures f ,?omas ,moore1 ! ,soldi]'s ,dream1 & ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,e4 ,,duncan ,h4 ,,h>ral ,^! two examples ( 8 /yle are engrav$ by ,,horace ,,h>ral = ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ edition ( ,s\!y's ,life ( ,nelson4 ,illu/ration3 ,o4 ,,jewitt ,,nor? ,,por* ,,( ,,/a4 ,,m>ia ,,maggiore1 ,,b]gamo4 ,! wood-engrav+s 9 ! pres5t & foll[+ pages are by ,,mr4 ,,orl&o ,,jewitt1 :o devotes himself almo/ exclusively to ,go?ic ,ar*itecture & ,ornam5t1 9 :i* he is pre-em95t4 ,he is "o ( ! v few :o cont9ue to comb9e design+ & draw+ ) engrav+4 ,! fir/ specim5 "h pres5t$ is f ,/reet's ,brick & ,m>ble ,ar*itecture ( ,italy 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 #hvo41 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,murray 9 #ahee4 ,illu/ration3 ,o4 ,,jewitt ,,%r9e ,,9 ,,bayeux ,,ca!dral4 ,our second specim51 & two ( ^? on ! next page1 are f ,mr4 ,pug9's spl5did "w1 ! 8,gloss>y ( ,ecclesia/ical ,ornam5t10 publi%$ by ,h5ry ,g4 ,bohn 9 #ahdf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,he>se ,,( ,,m>g>et1 ,,c\ntess ,,( ,,w>wick4 ,illu/rations3 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,engrav+ ,,by ,,orl&o ,,jewitt4 ,o4 ,,jewitt1 del4 et sc4 ,,capital ,,( ,,! ,,presbyt]y1 ,,l9coln ,,ca!dral4 ,,lett]n4 ,o4 ,,jewitt1 del4 et sc4 ,,brick ,,trac]y1 ,,/4 ,,/eph5',s ,,*ur*1 ,,tang]munde1 ,,prussia4 ,unpubli%$4 ,among ! _m works to :i* ,mr4 ,jewitt has contribut$1 besides ^? already m5tion$1 are ,bloxam's fir/ pr9ciples ( ,go?ic ,ar*itecture2 ! ,gloss>y ( ,ar*itecture publi%$ by ,mr4 ,p>k] ( ,ox=d2 ,rickman's ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 fif? edition2 & ! ,baptismal ,fonts1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,van ,voor/4 ,he is n[ engag$ 9 draw+ & engrav+ ,murray's ,h&book ( ,engli% ,ca!drals4 ,illu/ration3 ,t4 ,,creswick ,j4 ,,williams ,,! ,,nut ,,br[n ,,maid4 ,,mr4 ,,creswick1 ,r4,a41 ! di/+ui%$ pa9t]1 has occasionally drawn on wood1 b m z a fav\r ?an "p ( 8 mti]4 ,! pres5t specim51 "o ( a s]ies contribut$ to ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads1 is s highly prais$ by ,mr4 ,rusk91 & at ! same "t s elaborately criticis$1 t we ?9k x 9 place to quote 8 words4 ,aft] comp>+ him advantage\sly ) ,p\ss91 he proce$s to say1 8,:o ) "o ?\ght or memory ( nature 9 8 he>t c\ld look at ! two l&scapes1 & receive ,p\ss9's ) ord9>y pati5ce8 ,take ,creswick 9 black & :ite1 :]e he is unemb>rass$ by 8 fondness = pea-gre51 ! illu/rations1 = in/ance1 to ! ,nut-,br[n ,maid1 9 ! ,book ( ,engli% ,ballads4 ,look at ! intricacy & fulness ( ! d>k oak foliage1 :]e x b5ds ov] ! brook2 see h[ y c g ?r\gh x1 & into x1 & come out beh9d x1 to ! quiet bit ( sky4 ,obs]ve ! grey arial transp>5cy ( ! /unt$ copse on ! left1 & ! entangl+ ( ! b\ghs :]e ! light ne> foliage deta*es itself4 ,above all1 note ! =ms ( ! masses ( light4 ,n ?+s l scales or %ells1 %>p at ! edge1 & flat 9 ! middle1 b irregul> & r\nd$1 /eal+ 9 & out accid5tally f ! %ad[1 & pres5t+ 9 g5]al outl9e1 z ! masses ( all trees d1 a resemblance to ! specific =ms ( ! leaves ( :i* !y are compos$4 ,turn ov] ! page1 & look into ! weav+ ( ! foliage & sprays aga9/ ! d>k-night-sky1 h[ ne> !y are1 yet h[ untraceable2 see h[ ! moonlight creeps up und]nea? !m1 trembl+ & %iv]+ on ! silv] b\ghs above2 note also1 ! desc5d+ bit ( ivy1 on ! left1 ( :i* only a few leaves are made out1 & ! re/ is confusion1 or tells only 9 ! moonlight l fa9t flakes ( sn[4 8,b nature obs]ves ano!r pr9ciple 9 h] foliage1 m important ev5 ?an its intricacy4 ,%e always secures an exce$+ h>mony & repose4 ,%e is s intricate t h] m9ut5ess ( p>ts becomes to ! eye1 at a little1 "o unit$ veil or cl\d ( leaves1 to de/roy ! ev5ness ( :i* is p]haps a great] fault ?an to de/roy its transp>5cy4 ,look at ,creswick's oak aga91 9 its d>k p>ts4 ,intricate z x is1 all is bl5d$ into a cl\d-l h>mony ( %ade1 :i* becomes fa9t] & fa9t] z x retires1 ) ! mo/ delicate flatness & unity ( tone4 ,& x is by ?is k9d ( vaporesc5ce1 s to speak1 by ?is flat mi/y unison ( p>ts1 t nature & h] fai?ful foll[]s are enabl$ to keep ! eye 9 p]fect repose 9 ! mid/ ( pr(usion1 & to display beauty ( =m :]ev] !y *oose1 to ! greate/ possible advantage1 by ?r[+ x across "s quiet vision>y passage ( dimness & re/40 ,mr4 ,creswick has rec5tly contribut$ sev]al vignettes to ,t5nyson's ,poems4 ,! foll[+1 engrav$ by ,,mason ,,jackson1 is f ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ edition ( ,walton's ,angl]1 to :i* ,mr4 ,creswick has contribut$ sev]al o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,creswick ,,mason ,,jackson ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,m>t9 ,w4 ,j4 ,,l9ton ,,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,l9ton has = _m ye>s _h ext5sive practice bo? z a draughtsman & an engrav] on wood1 & /ill cont9ues to comb9e bo? pr(essions4 ,! specim5s on ! pres5t page %ew 8 e>ly "w2 ! fir/ is aft] a draw+ by ,john ,m>t9 f ! s]ies ( ,bible ,pr9ts be=e quot$2 ! second1 a vignette aft] ,,mcian1 f ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads4 ,illu/ration3 ,r4 ,r4 ,,mc ,,ian ,w4 ,j4 ,,l9ton ,8 lat] "w is beautifully exemplifi$ on ! opposite page by ! subject call$ ,dea?'s ,door1 aft] a draw+ by t rem>kable man ,,william ,,blake1 ( :om "s acc\nt w be f\nd at p4 #fcb4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,art ,union ,volume ( #ahei1 & is by ! k9dness ( ! ,c\ncil ( t ,society ins]t$ "h4 ,to complete ?is page we annex two o!r ( ,mr4 ,l9ton's late works4 ,!y are tak5 f ,milton's ,l',allegro1 publi%$ by ,l[ ,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/onh\se ,w4 ,j4 ,,l9ton 8,,%all[ ,,brooks ,,& ,,riv]s ,,wide40 ,_m ( ! illu/rat$ books ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s exhibit ! tal5ts ( ,mr4 ,l9ton4 ,we may "n1 besides ! ,book ( ,ballads1 ,! ,pictorial ,t\r ( ! ,?ames1 ,! ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 #ahei1 ,burns' ,poems & ,songs1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 #ahei1 ,%aksp]e's ,bir?place1 & ! ,illu/rat$ edition ( ,milton's ,poetical ,works =m]ly publi%$ by ,k5t ,co4 & n[ 9 ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ ,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,j4 ,l4 ,,horsley1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,w4 ,j4 ,,l9ton 8,,su* ,,z ,,! ,,melt+ ,,s\l ,,may ,,pi]ce40 ,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,w4 ,,fairholt ,,mr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,fairholt is di/+ui%$ = 8 k ( ,co/ume & ,m$ival art1 :i* he has exemplifi$ 9 a consid]able numb] ( %ad$ outl9es1 mo/ly drawn & engrav$ by himself4 ,! wood-engrav+ at ! head ( ?is page is f ! ,ar*ological ,album publi%$ 9 #ahde1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,briti% ,ar*ological ,association1 to ^: j\rnal ,mr4 ,fairholt has contribut$ l>gely4 ,t5 ( ! subjects 9 ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads1 illu/rative ( ! ,/ory ( ,sir ,&rew ,b>ton1 are design$ by him & give a fav\rable specim5 ( 8 draw+4 ,!y are clev]ly engrav$ by ,t4 ,arm/rong4 ,illu/ration3 ,f4 ,w4 ,,fairholt ,! ,vignette is f ! illu/rat$ edition ( ,rob9 ,hood1 edit$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,gut* 9 #ahdg4 ,mr4 ,fairholt has also edit$ & illu/rat$ a volume on ! ,co/ume ( ,engl&2 a ,hi/ory ( ,tobacco1 publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,*apman ,hall2 & ! ,translation ( ,lab>te's ,arts ( ! ,middle ,ages1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,murray4 ,illu/ration3 ,,joseph ,,d9kel ,,james ,,lee ,,%ell-,,lime/one ,,f ,,! ,,m\? ,,( ,,! ,,?ames4 ,f ,dr4 ,mantell's ,geological ,"w1 ,m$als ( ,creation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,joseph ,,d9kel ,,james ,,lee ,,mosasaurus ,,h(manni4 ,f ,dr4 ,mantell's ,petrifactions & _! ,tea*+s4 ,,mr4 ,,joseph ,,d9kel is a v accurate draughtsman ( subjects ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 especially ( ,fossil rema9s2 b ?\gh he has mo/ practice 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 he also und]takes ,ar*itectural & ,eng9e]+ draw+s4 ,! pres5t specim5s are skilfully engrav$ by ,,mr4 ,,james ,,lee4 ,ne>ly all ! draw+s ( ! great "w ( ,pr(essor ,agassiz1 #8,poissons ,fossiles1' publi%$ at ,neu*atel1 f #ahcc to #ahdc1 7 execut$ by ,mr4 ,d9kel2 & he drew almo/ exclusively = ! late ,dr4 ,mantell4 ,he is n[ mu* employ$ by ,pr(essor ,ow52 ,?omas ,bell1 ,esq4 ,presid5t ( ! ,l9nan ,society2 & ! ,royal1 ,geological1 & ,palontological ,societies4 ,illu/ration3 ,e4 ,h4 ,,wehn]t ,,horace ,,h>ral ,,f ,,col]idge',s ,,anci5t ,,m>9]4 ,,edw>d ,h4 ,,wehn]t1 a memb] ( ! ,new ,society ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,wat] ,col\rs1 frequ5tly draws ^u wood4 ,he illu/rat$ ,col]idge's ,anci5t ,m>9]1 ,grimm's ,tales1 ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes1 & contribut$ designs to ,bohn's edition ( ,longfell['s ,poems & to _m o!r popul> works ( poetry & fiction4 ,8 /yle is ess5tially ,g]man4 ,he has rec5tly contribut$ ?irty-f\r subjects to ! ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems & complet$ a numb] ( draw+s = ,&]s5's ,tales1 ! electrotypes ( :i* are produc$ by a new process by ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,l9ton4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,george ,,cruik%ank is especially celebrat$ = ! felicit\s hum\r :i* he ?r[s into e subject t comes "u 8 p5cil or bur94 ,8 works are legion & all highly priz$1 b 8 designs on wood are mu* less num]\s ?an 8 et*+s on copp]4 ,mr4 ,rusk91 9 8 #8,mod]n ,pa9t]s1' has lately expatiat$ z en?usia/ically on ! arti/ic m]its ( ,mr4 ,cruik%ank z he has done on ^? ( ,mr4 ,creswick1 quot$ by u 9 a previ\s page4 ,he concludes by say+3 8,tak5 all 9 all1 ! works ( ,cruik%ank h ! mo/ /]l+ value ( any belong+ to ?is class produc$ 9 ,engl&40 ,! pres5t examples1 tak5 f 8 #8,?ree ,c\rses & a ,dess]t1' publi%$ 9 ,bohn's ,illu/rat$ ,libr>y1 w af=d "s idea ( 8 peculi> tal5t4 ,on ! foll[+ page we give examples ( 8 e>ly "w1 be+ illu/rations contribut$ to ! #8,univ]sal ,song/]1' a once popul> "w to :i* o!r arti/s includ+ 8 late bro!r ,rob]t ,cruik%ank also contribut$4 ,! engrav]1 r a co>se h&1 0 ,j4 ,r4 ,m>%all4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,cruik%ank ,,! ,,old ,,commodore4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,cruik%ank ,,giles ,,scrogg9s ,,& ,,molly ,,br[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alfr$ ,,cr[quill4 ,,! ,,man ,,:o ,,wi%$ ,,to ,,be ,,tall]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alfr$ ,,cr[quill4 ,,! ,,woman ,,:o ,,wi%$ ,,to ,,be ,,y\ng]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,alfr$ ,,cr[quill4 ,,dr9k+ ,,is ,a ,,vice ,,t ,,l[]s ,a ,,man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k5ny ,,mead[s4 ,our la/ page ( illu/rations is devot$ to hum\r4 ,?ree ( ! subjects are f ! ,pictorial ,gramm>1 by ,,alfr$ ,,cr[quill 7i4e4 ,a4 ,=e/]71 ! f\r?1 a design by ,,k5ny ,,mead[s 7f ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads71 "o ( 8 e>ly productions1 b unsurpass$ by any?+ he has s9ce done4 ,^! arti/s h 9 =m] ye>s illu/rat$ a numb] ( books4 ,among ,cr[quill's may be nam$ eight subjects to ! ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads4 ,8 late/ "w is #8,! ,adv5tures ( ,gooroo ,simple & 8 ,five ,disciples4' ,among ^? by ,k5ny ,mead[s1 we rememb] z 8 be/ an illu/rat$ edition ( ,%akespe>e1 9 ?ree vols4 royal #hvo4 orig9ally publi%$ by ,mr4 ,tyas4 ,london1 #ahdc4 ,! ,publi%] "h concludes 8 additional *apt]2 n = want ( mat]ial1 = he has m ?an en\gh to fill ano!r volume1 b = want ( space4 ,9 endeav\r+ to give "s indication ( xylographic art-progress 9 ,engl&1 he has made no attempt at complet5ess1 & has said no?+ :atev] ( =eign art1 :i* has progress$ q z rapidly z our own4 ,s mu* rema9s to be done 9 bo? doma9s1 & s _m f9e examples are ei!r ly+ be=e him1 or plac$ at 8 disposal1 :i* might advantage\sly h be5 adduc$1 t he contemplates foll[+ ! pres5t volume1 at no v di/ant p]iod1 ) "o t %all supply :at has n[ be5 necess>ily omitt$4 ,among ! _m skilful ,arti/s ^: names h n yet be5 m5tion$ are ! foll[+1 arrang$ 9 ?ree di/9ct alphabets4 ,! fir/ alphabet comprises ^? :o are pr(essionally pa9t]s 9 oil1 b occasionally draw on wood2 ! second1 ^? :o make draw+ on wood _! lead+ pr(ession1 al?\gh _m ( !m also pa9t 9 oil2 ! ?ird1 ^? :o almo/ conf9e !mselves to engrav+ ! designs ( o!rs1 al?\gh "s ( !m are !mselves good draughtsm54 ,"o or m ( ! books to :i* !y h contribut$1 are indicat$4 ,pa9t]s :o occasionally ,draw on ,wood4 ,,&rews1 ,g4 ,h4 ,figure subjects & ,l&scapes2 ,m9i/]+ ,*ildr54 --,,ansdell1 ,ri*>d4 ,animals2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes4 --,,armitage1 ,edw>d4 ,figure subjects2 ,w9kwor?'s ,lyra ,g]manica4 --,,cope1 ,*>les ,we/1 ,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,book ( ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 ,adams' ,allegories1 ,excelsior ,ballads1 ,burns' ,poems1 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore4 --,,corb\ld1 ,e4 ,h4 ,figure subjects & ,ar*itecture2 ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&1 ,book ( ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 ,burns' ,poems1 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore1 ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,poems4 --,,cropsey1 ,jasp]4 ,l&scapes2 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore1 ,poe's ,poems4 --,,dodgson1 ,g4 ,l&scape2 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&4 --,,fri?1 ,william ,p[ell1 ,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads4 --,,goodall1 ,edw>d4 ,l&scapes2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes4 --,,grant1 ,w4 ,j4 ,figure subjects2 ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 ,bloomfield's ,f>m]'s ,boy4 --,,hicks1 ,g4 ,e4 ,figure subjects2 ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads4 --,,horsley1 ,john ,calcott1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore1 ,burns' ,poems1 ,t5nyson's ,poems1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads4 --,,hunt1 ,w4 ,holman4 ,figure subjects2 ,t5nyson's ,poems1 ,mrs4 ,gatty's ,p>ables1 ,once a ,week4 --,,le ,,jeune1 ,h4 ,figure subjects2 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore1 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&1 ,m9i/]+ ,*ildr54 --,,millais1 ,john ,ev]ett1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,t5nyson's ,poems1 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&1 ,once a ,week4 ,mr4 ,millais is n[ engag$ 9 illu/rat+ a volume ( ,p>ables to be engrav$ by ! ,dalziels4 --,,mulready1 ,william1 ,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,t5nyson's ,poems1 ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 7engrav$ by ,mr4 ,john ,?ompson74 --,,na%1 ,joseph4 ,figures & ,ar*itecture2 ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&4 --,,pick]sgill1 ,f4 ,ri*>d1 ,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore1 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads1 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&4 --,,r$grave1 ,ri*>d1 ,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads4 --,,rob]ts1 ,david1 ,r4,a4 ,ar*itectural ,l&scapes2 ,lockh>t's ,spani% ,ballads4 --,,sel\s1 ,h4 ,c4 ,figure subjects2 ,poems & ,pictures1 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads4 --,,solomon1 ,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,book ( ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads4 --,,w>r51 ,h4 ,figure subjects & ,ar*itecture2 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads1 ,lockh>t's ,spani% ,ballads1 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore1 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&4 --,,web/]1 ,?omas1 ,r4,a4 ,infant9e subjects2 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads4 --,,wyburd1 ,f4 ,figure subjects2 ,poetry & ,pictures ( ,?omas ,moore4 ,pr(essional ,draughtsm5 on ,wood4 ,,ar*]1 ,j4 ,w4 ,antiqu>ian & ,ar*itectural2 ,ve/iges ( ,old ,london4 --,,ar*]1 ,j4 ,r4,s4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,burns' ,poems4 --,,b5nett1 ,*>les4 ,humor\s subjects2 ,poets' ,wit & ,hum\r1 ,qu>les' ,emblems1 #ahfj1 ,prov]bs 9 ,pictures4 --,,br&l+1 ,h4 ,figure subjects & ,ar*itecture2 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice4 --,,clayton1 ,j4 ,r4 ,figure subjects2 ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,poems1 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&4 --,,coleman1 ,wm4 ,l&scape & ,figure subjects2 ,m>y ,h[itt's ,tales4 --,,d>ley1 ,felix4 ,figure subjects2 ,poe's ,poetical ,works1 ,poets ( ! ,we/4 --,,dickes1 ,william4 ,figures & ,l&scape2 mo/ ( ! subjects 9 ,ma/]man ,ready4 ,mr4 ,dickes' att5tion is n[ turn$ to ,col\r-pr9t+4 --,,edmon/on1 ,s4 ,figure subjects2 ,burns' ,poems4 --,,frankl91 ,john4 ,figure subjects2 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hall's ,midsumm] ,eve1 ,sev5 ,*ampions ( ,*ri/5dom1 ,poets ( ! ,we/4 --,,goodall1 ,walt]4 ,figure subjects2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes1 ,m9i/]+ ,*ildr54 --,,hulme1 ,f4 ,w4 ,l&scapes2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes4 --,,humphreys1 ,noel4 ,ornam5tal ,vignettes2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes4 --,,jones1 ,ow54 ,moresque ,ornam5ts & ,ar*itecture2 ,lockh>t's ,spani% ,ballads4 --,,ke5e1 ,*>les4 ,figure subjects2 ,pun*1 ,once a ,week1 ,voyage ( ! ,con/ance4 --,,lawless1 ,m4 ,j4 ,figure subjects2 ,once a ,week1 ,pun*4 --,,macquoid1 ,?omas4 ,ornam5tal ,lett]s & ,bord]s2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes1 ,burns' ,poems1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems1 c4 --,,morgan1 ,mat!w ,s4 ,figures & ,l&scape2 ,miles ,/&i%4 --,,phiz 7,hablot ,k4 ,br[ne74 ,hum\r2 ,bleak ,h\se1 ,m>t9 ,*uzzlewit1 ,! ,pickwick ,s]ies1 ,wits & ,beaux ( ,society1 ,lev]'s ,/4 ,patrick's ,eve1 c4 ,he has execut$ m et*+s on /eel ?an draw+s on wood4 --,,pr\t1 ,j4 ,s4 ,l&scapes & ,ar*itecture2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes4 --,,read1 ,samuel4 ,l&scapes & ,ar*itecture2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes1 contributes to ! ,london ,news4 --,,rog]s1 ,h>ry4 ,ornam5tal ,lett]s & ,vignettes2 ,qu>les' ,emblems1 ,poe's ,poetical ,works4 --,,scott1 ,t4 ,d4 ,figure subjects & ,l&scapes2 able r$uc] & copyi/ ( ,pictures on ,wood2 ,book ( ,briti% ,ballads4 --,,%aw1 ,h5ry4 ,ar*itectural ,ornam5ts1 ,lett]s1 ,furniture1 c42 has design$ ext5sively on wood1 *iefly = 8 own works4 --,,/eph5son1 ,james4 ,figure subjects2 ,clev] ,boys1 ,wide ,wide ,_w 7,bohn's ,edition71 c4 ,a skilful engrav] on /eel4 --,,/ocks1 ,lumb1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,figure subjects2 ,m9i/]+ ,*ildr51 ,m9i/ry ( ,life1 ,engli% ,yeom51 c4 ,mr4 ,/ocks has consid]able reputation z an engrav] on /eel4 --,,sulman1 ,t4 ,jun4 ,ornam5tal ,bord]s & ,vignettes2 ,lalla ,rookh4 --,,topham1 ,f4 ,w4 ,iri% ,"*2 ,poetry ( ,?omas ,moore1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hall's ,midsumm] ,eve1 ,burns' ,poems4 --,,watson1 ,j4 ,d4 ,figure subjects2 ,pilgrim's ,progress1 #aaj designs1 ,eliza ,cook's ,poems4 --,,zweck]1 ,john ,b4 ,animals2 mo/ly engrav$ by ! ,dalziels2 ,wood's ,natural ,hi/ory1 c4 ,engrav]s on ,wood n be=e m5tion$4 ,,arm/rong1 ,wm4 ,don ,quixote1 #ahda1 ,illu/rat$ ,news1 ,clev] ,boys #ahfj4 --,,gorway1 ,c4 has successfully engrav$ _m ( ,john ,gilb]t's designs4 --,,hammond1 ,j4 ,poems & ,songs ( ,rob]t ,burns4 --,,jackson1 ,mason1 son ( ! ,projector ( ! pres5t volume1 9 :i* "s ( ! subjects are engrav$ by him2 also ,walton's ,angl] 7,bohn's ,edition71 ,m9i/]+ ,*ildr54 --,,l\don1 ,j4 engraves = ! ,illu/rat$ ,times4 --,,smy?1 ,f4 ,g4 ,figure subjects2 ,illu/rat$ ,news4 --,,swa91 ,joseph4 ,figure subjects2 ,lyra ,g]manica4 --,,wimp]is1 ,e4 ,m]rie ,days ( ,engl&4 --,,woods1 ,h4 ,n4 ,ornam5tal ,bord]s & ,vignettes2 ,moore's ,lalla ,rookh4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,wood ,,engrav+4 ,errone\s ,op9ions ,ab\t ,cross-,hat*+ -- ,! ,*oice & ,prep>ation ( ! ,wood -- ,mode ( ,ins]t+ a ,plug -- ,magnify+ ,glasses & ,engrav]'s ,lamp -- ,diff]5t ,k9ds ( ,tools -- ,cutt+ ,t9ts -- ,engrav+ 9 ,outl9e -- ,cuts ,repres5t+ ,col\r & ,texture -- ,maps ,engrav$ on ,wood -- ,! ,advantages ( ,l[]+ a ,block ,previ\s to ,engrav+ ! ,subject -- ,*i>o-,scuro ,engrav+ on ,wood1 & ,pr9t+ 9 ,col\rs f ,wood-,blocks -- ,metallic ,relief ,engrav+1 by ,blake1 ,bewick1 ,bran/on1 & ,liz>s -- ,mr4 ,c4 ,hancock's ,pat5t -- ,mr4 ,woone's ,pat5t -- ,ca/s f ,wood-,cuts -- ,pr9t+ ,wood-,cuts -- ,conclusion4 ,p]haps no art ex]cis$ 9 ?is c\ntry is less kn[n to ! public ?an t ( wood engrav+2 & h5ce x arises t mo/ p]sons :o h incid5tally or ev5 expressly writt5 on ! subject h committ$ s _m mi/akes respect+ ! practice4 ,x is f a want ( practical k t we h _h s _m absurd speculations respect+ ! mann] 9 :i* ! old wood engrav]s execut$ _! cross-hat*+s1 & s _m notions ab\t vegetable putties & metallic relief engrav+4 ,ev5 9 a ,memoir ( ,bewick1 pr9t$ 9 #ahcf1 we f9d ! foll[+ passage1 :i* c]ta9ly w\ld n h appe>$ _h ! writ] paid any att5tion to ! num]\s wood-cuts1 conta9+ cross-hat*+s ( ! mo/ delicate k9d1 publi%$ 9 ,engl& betwe5 #ahbj & #ahcd3--8,! pr9cipal *>act]i/ic ( ! anci5t ma/]s is ! cross+ ( ! black l9es1 to produce or deep5 ! %ade1 commonly call$ cross-hat*+4 ,:e!r ?is 0 done by employ+ diff]5t blocks1 "o aft] ano!r1 z 9 calico-pr9t+ & pap]-/a9+1 x may be difficult to say2 b to produce !m on ! same block is s difficult & unnatural1 t ?\gh ,nesbit1 "o ( ,bewick's e>ly pupils1 attempt$ x on a few occasions1 & ! spl5did pr9t ( ,d5tatus by ,h>vey %[s t x is n impossible ev5 on a l>ge scale1 yet ! wa/e ( "t & lab\r is sc>cely wor? ! effect produc$40,,ix-#a ,n[1 ! difficulty ( say+ :e!r ! old cross-hat*+s 7 execut$ on a s+le block1 or produc$ by impressions f two or m1 proce$s entirely f ! writ] n be+ acqua9t$ ) ! subject2 _h he kn[n t hundr$s ( old blocks conta9+ cross-hat*+s are /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & _h he be5 9 ! habit ( see+ simil> cross-hat*+s execut$ almo/ daily by v indiff]5t wood engrav]s1 ! difficulty :i* he felt w\ld h vani%$4 8,unnatural0 is c]ta9ly an improp] t]m = a philosoph] to apply to a process ( art1 m]ely because he does n und]/& x3 ) equal reason he might h call$ e o!r process1 bo? ( copp]-plate & wood engrav+1 8unnatural20 nay1 9 ?is s5se !re is no process 9 arts or manufactures to :i* ! t]m 8unnatural0 might n 9 ! same mann] be appli$4 ,footnote ,,ix-#a3 ,memoir ( ,?omas ,bewick1 by ! ,rev]5d ,william ,turn]1 prefix$ to volume six? ( ! ,naturali/'s ,libr>y1 page #ah4 ,9 giv+ "s acc\nt ( ! practice ( wood engrav+1 x seems mo/ prop] to beg9 ) ! gr\nd-"w--! wood4 ,z x is g5]ally und]/ood t box is be/ adapt$ = ! purposes ( engrav+1 & t x is g5]ally us$ = cuts int5d$ = ! illu/ration ( books1 !re seems no occasion to ent] into a detail ( all ! k9ds ( wood t might be us$ = ! m ord9>y purposes ( l>ge co>se cuts = po/+-bills1 & o!rs ( a simil> "*4 ,mr4 ,savage1 9 8 ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+1 has copi$ ! pr9cipal "p ( :at ,papillon has said on ! subject ( wood1 int5d+ t x %\ld be receiv$ z in=mation f a practical wood engrav]2 b he has omitt$ to notice t mu* ( :at ,papillon says ab\t ! *oice ( wood1 c be ( little s]vice 9 guid+ ! mod]n ,engli% wood engrav]1 :o executes 8 subject on ! cross-section ( ! wood1 :ile ,papillon & 8 contempor>ies 7 accu/om$ to engrave ^u ! side1 or ! long-way ( ! wood4 8,!re is no difficulty10 says ,papillon1 z translat$ by ,mr4 ,savage1 89 di/+ui%+ t :i* is good1 z we h only ne$ ( tak+ a spl9t] ( ! box we wi% to try1 & break x betwe5 ! f+]s2 if x break %ort1 )\t b5d+1 x w n be ( any value2 :]eas1 if !re be great difficulty 9 break+ x1 x is well adapt$ to our purpose40 ,n[1 x is q evid5t f ?is direction--indep5d5t ( ! fact be+ o!rwise kn[n--t ! ?9 spl9t] by :i* ! quality ( ! wood 0 to be te/$ 0 to be cut ! long way ( ! wood3 a simil> cutt+ tak5 f ! cross-section w\ld break %ort1 h[ev] excell5t ! wood might be = ! purpose ( engrav+4 ,papillon's direction is !re=e calculat$ to mislead1 unless accompani$ ) an explanation ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! spl9t] is to be tak52 & x is also utt]ly useless z a te/ ( box t is int5d$ to be engrav$ on ! cross-section1 or end-way ( ! wood4 ,= ! purposes ( engrav+ no o!r k9d ( wood hi!rto tri$ is equal to box4 ,= f9e & small cuts ! smalle/ logs are to be pref]r$1 z ! smalle/ wood is almo/ inv>iably ! be/4 ,am]ican & ,turkey box is ! l>ge/2 b all l>ge wood ( ?is k9d is g5]ally ( inf]ior quality1 & mo/ liable to split2 x is also frequ5tly ( a r$ col\r1 :i* is a c]ta9 *>act]i/ic ( its s(tness1 & consequ5t unfitness = delicate engrav+4 ,f my own exp]i5ce1 ,engli% box is sup]ior to all o!rs2 = ?\gh small1 x is g5]ally s cle> & firm 9 ! gra9 t x nev] crumbles "u ! grav]2 x resi/s ev5ly to ! edge ( ! tool1 & gives n a p>ticle beyond :at is actually cut out4 ,! l>ge r$ wood1 on ! contr>y1 besides be+ s(t1 is liable to crumble & to cut %ort2 t is1 small p>ticles w sometimes break away f ! sides ( ! l9e cut by ! grav]1 & ?us cause imp]fections 9 ! "w4 ,box ( l>ge & comp>atively quick gr[?1 is also extremely liable to %r9k unev5ly betwe5 ! r+s1 s t aft] ! surface has be5 plan$ p]fectly level1 & engrav$1 x is frequ5tly difficult to pr9t ! cut 9 a prop] mann]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! inequality ( ! surface4 ,z ev5 ! l>ge/ logs ( box are ( comp>atively small diamet]1 x is extremely difficult to obta9 a p]fect block ( a s+le piece equal to ! size ( an octavo page4 ,9 ord] to obta9 pieces z l>ge z possible1 "s deal]s are accu/om$ to saw ! log 9 a slant+ direction--9 ! mann] ( an oblique section ( a cyl9d]--s t ! surface ( a piece cut (f %all resemble an oval r ?an a circle4 ,blocks sawn 9 ?is mann] ought nev] to be us$2 =1 9 consequ5ce ( ! obliquity ( ! gra91 !re is no prev5t+ small p>ticles te>+ out :5 cutt+ a l9e4 ,l>ge r$ wood conta9+ :ite spots or /reaks is utt]ly unfit = ! purposes ( ! engrav]2 = 9 cutt+ a l9e across1 adjac5t to ^! spots or /reaks1 sometimes ! entire piece ?us m>k$ w be remov$1 & ! cut consequ5tly spoil$4 ,a cle> yell[ col\r1 & z equal z possible ov] ! :ole surface1 is g5]ally ! be/ crit]ion ( box-wood4 ,:5 a block is n ( a cle> yell[ col\r ?r\gh\t1 b only 9 ! c5tre1 gradually becom+ light] t[>ds ! edges1 x ought n to be us$ = delicate "w2 ! :ite1 9 addition to its n cutt+ s 8sweetly10 be+ ( a s(t] nature1 absorbs m ink ?an ! yell[1 & also reta9s x m t5aci\sly1 s t impressions f a block ( ?is k9d sometimes display a p]ceptible inequality ( col\r2--f ! yell[ p>ts all[+ ! ink to leave !m freely1 :ile ! :ite p>ts p>tially reta9 x1 ! pr9t$ cut has ! appe>ance ( hav+ receiv$ ei!r too mu* ink 9 "o place1 or too little 9 ano!r4 ,besides ?is1 ! ink rema9+ on ! :ite p>ts becomes s adhesive1 t1 %\ld ! %eet be r too damp 7z w frequ5tly happ5 :5 mu* pap] is wett$ at "o "t71 x w sometimes /ick to ! pap]2 a small spot ( :ite w h5ce appe> 9 ! impression1 :ile a m9ute piece ( pap] w rema9 adh]+ to ! block1 to be mix$ up ) ! ink on ! balls1 & transf]r$ z a black speck to ano!r "p ( ! cut 9 a subsequ5t impression4 ,b ?is is n all3 %\ld ! piece ( pap] rema9 unnotic$ = "s "t x w make a small ind5tion 9 ! block1 & occasion a :ite or grey speck 9 ! impressions pr9t$ aft] its removal4 ,s(t r$ & :ite box1 m especially ! latt]1 be+ m por\s ?an cle> yell[1 blocks ( ^? k9ds ( wood are mo/ liable to be injur$ by ! liquids us$ to clean !m aft] pr9t+4 ,%\ld ! pr9t] wa% !m ) ei!r lees or spirits ( turp5t9e1 ^! fluids w ent] ! wood m freely ?an if x 7 yell[1 & cause x to exp& 9 proportion to ! quantity us$1 & sometimes to su* an ext5t z to di/ort ! draw+4 ,if a block ( any k9d ( box1 :e!r r$1 :ite1 or yell[1 be wett$ or expos$ to damp?1 x w exp& consid]ably2,,ix-#b b ) c>e x w return to its =m] dim5sions1 %\ld x h be5 suffici5tly season$ be=e be+ pr9t$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! expansion has be5 caus$ by lees or spirits ( turp5t9e1 ! block w nev] aga9 contract to its orig9al size4,,ix-#c ,footnote ,,ix-#b3 ,! foll[+ is an in/ance ( ! effect ( damp? ^u box-wood4 ,i plac$ "o ev5+ a block1 compos$ ( sev]al pieces ( box glu$ to a ?ick piece ( mahogany1 aga9/ ! wall ( a r damp room1 & on exam9+ x ! next morn+ ,i f\nd t ! box _h exp&$ s mu* t ! edges project$ beyond ! mahogany upw>ds ( ! eigh? ( an in*4 ,footnote ,,ix-#c3 ,"s ( ! blocks engrav$ = ! ,p5ny ,magaz9e1 measur+ orig9ally eight in*es & a half by six in*es1 h1 aft] und]go+ ! process ( /]eotyp+ & ! subsequ5t wa%+1 increas$ n less ?an two in*es 9 _! p]imet] or ext]ior l9eal dim5sion1 z has be5 prov$ by comp>+ ! measurem5t ( a block 9 its pres5t /ate ) a fir/ pro( tak5 on ,india pap]1 :i* pap]1 be+ dry :5 ! impression 0 tak51 has n suff]$ any contraction4 ,z publi%]s frequ5tly provide ! draw+s :i* are to be engrav$1 p]haps a k ( ! diff]5t qualities ( box is z necess>y to !m z to wood engrav]s !mselves4 ,9 reply to ?is x may be said1 :y n require ! engrav] :o is to execute ! cuts to supply prop] wood himself8 ,:]e only "o engrav] is employ$ to execute all ! cuts = a "w1 ! *oice ( ! wood may inde$ be v prop]ly left to himself4 ,b :]e sev]al are employ$1 & ea* requir$ to s5d 8 own wood to ! design]1 v few are p>ticul> :at k9d !y s5d2 = :5 ! design] receives ! diff]5t pieces he g5]ally consigns !m to a draw] until want$1 & :5 he has f9i%$ a design1 he n unfrequ5tly s5ds x to an engrav] :o did n supply ! id5tical piece ( wood on :i* x is drawn4 ,h5ce sc>cely any engrav] pays mu* att5tion to ! k9d ( wood he s5ds2 = :]e _m are employ$ 9 ! execution ( a s]ies ( cuts = ! same "w1 x is v unlikely t ea* w receive ! draw+s on ! wood suppli$ by himself4 ,ev5 :5 ! design] is p>ticul> 9 mak+ ! draw+s ( ! subjects :i* he ?9ks be/ suit$ to ea* engrav]'s tal5ts on ! wood :i* su* engrav] has suppli$1 x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t ! p]son :o employs ! engrav]s w n give ! blocks to ^? = :om ! arti/ int5d$ !m4 ,publi%]s h a mu* great] int]e/ 9 ?is matt] ?an !y seem to suspect4 ,if s(t wood be suppli$1 ! f9] l9es w soon be bruis$ d[n 9 pr9t+1 & ! cut w appe> l an old "o be=e half ! numb] ( impressions requir$ h be5 pr9t$2 if r$-r+$1 ! surface is extremely liable to become unev51 & also to w>p & split4 ,z box c seldom be obta9$ ( m ?an five or six in*es diamet]1 & z wood ( ?is size is r>ely s\nd ?r\gh\t1 blocks = cuts exce$+ five in*es squ>e are usually =m$ ( two or m pieces firmly unit$ by means ( iron p9s & screws4 ,%\ld ! block1 h[ev]1 be wett$ or expos$ to damp?1 ! jo9ts are c]ta9 to op51 & sometimes to su* an ext5t z to require a piece ( wood to be ins]t$ 9 ! ap]ture4,,ix-#d ,p]haps ! be/ way to gu>d aga9/ a l>ge block op5+ at ! jo9+ ( ! pieces w\ld be to enclose x ) an iron hoop or frame2 su* hoop or frame be+ fix$ :5 ne>ly r$-hot 9 ! same mann] z a tire is appli$ to a coa* or c>t :eel4 ,if ! iron fit p]fectly tight :5 =c$ on to ! block 9 ! mann] ( a tire1 x w be ! m likely1 by its contract+ 9 cold & damp wea!r1 to resi/ ! expansive =ce ( ! wood at su* times4 ,footnote ,,ix-#d3 ,sometimes a piece ( metal--su* z "p ( a ?9 rule--is ins]t$ 9 ! *9k by pr9t]s1 :5 ! "p injur$ is d>k & ! "w n f9e4 ,su* a tempor>y rem$y is sure to increase ! op5+ 9 a %ort "t1 & make ! block worse4 ,besides ! h>dness & t\ghness ( box1 :i* all[s ( cle> rais$ l9es1 capable ( be>+ ! action ( ! press1 be+ cut on its surface1 ?is wood1 f its n be+ subject to ! attacks ( ! worm1 has a great advantage ov] apple1 pe>-tree1 bee*1,,ix-#e & o!r k9ds ( wood1 =m]ly us$ = ! purposes ( engrav+4 ,its pres]vation 9 ?is respect is probably ow+ to its poison\s nature1 = o!r k9ds ( wood ( great] h>dness & durability are frequ5tly pi]c$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh by worms4 ,! *ips ( box1 :5 *ew$1 are c]ta9ly un:olesome to human be+s4 ,a fell[-pupil1 :o _h acquir$ a habit ( *ew+ ! small pieces :i* he cut out ) 8 grav]1 became unwell1 & 0 frequ5tly attack$ ) sickness4 ,on m5tion+ ! subject to 8 m$ical advis]1 he 0 ord]$ to refra9 f *ew+ ! pieces ( box2 he accord+ly took ! doctor's advice1 gave up 8 bad habit1 & 9 a %ort "t recov]$ 8 usual heal?4,,ix-#f ,footnote ,,ix-#e3 ,"o ( ! orig9al blocks ( ,weev]'s ,fun]al ,monum5ts1 #afca1 pres]v$ 9 ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 is ( bee*4 ,footnote ,,ix-#f3 ,a few ye>s ago ,i all[$ a rabbit to h ! run ( a small g>d51 :]e x soon eat up ev]y?+ except a small bu% ( box4 ,happ5+ to leave home = two days )\t mak+ any provision = ! rabbit1 ,i f\nd x 9 a dy+ /ate1 & all ! leaves nibbl$ (f ! box4 ,! rabbit di$ 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 & on op5+ x ! cause ( its dea? 0 app>5t--! /oma* 0 full ( ! leaves ( ! box4--,see ,br&'s ,popul> ,antiquities1 vol4 ii4 page #bfe 7,bohn's edit471 = an acc\nt ( yew poison+ two c[s4 ,box :5 kept long 9 a dry place becomes unfit = ! purpose ( engrav+4 ,i h at ?is "t 9 my possession a draw+ :i* has be5 made on ! block ab\t t5 ye>s1 b ! wood has become s dry & brittle t x w\ld n[ be impossible to engrave ! subject 9 a prop] mann]4 ,:5 ! wood does n cut cle>1 b crumbles z if x 7 too dry1 ! defect may sometimes be rem$i$ by putt+ ! block into a deep e>!nw>e jug or pan1 & plac+ su* jug or pan 9 a cool place = t5 or twelve h\rs4 ,:5 ! wood is too h>d & dry to be s(t5$ 9 ! above mann]1 ,i w\ld recomm5d t ! back ( ! block %\ld be plac$ 9 wat]--9 a plate or l>ge di%--to ! dep? ( ! sixte5? "p ( an in*1 = ab\t an h\r4 ,if all[$ to rema9 long] !re is a risk ( ! block aft]w>ds splitt+4 ,illu/ration ,box1 ( :atev] k9d1 :5 n well season$1 is extremely liable to w>p & b5d2 b a little c>e w frequ5tly prev5t _m ( ! accid5ts to :i* draw+s on unseason$ wood are expos$ by neglect4 ,= in/ance1 :5 a block is receiv$ by ! engrav] f ! design] or publi%]1 x ought1 if n directly put 9 h&1 to be plac$ on "o ( its edges1 & n1 z is cu/om>y ) _m1 laid d[n flat1 ) ! surface on :i* ! draw+ is made upw>ds4 ,if a block ( unseason$ wood be p]mitt$ to lie 9 ?is mann] = a week or two1 x is almo/ c]ta9 to turn up at ! edges1 ! upp] surface becom+ concave1 & ! l[] convex1 z is %[n 9 ! annex$ cut1 repres5t+ ! section ( su* a block4 ,! same ?+ w occur 9 ! process ( engrav+1 ?\gh to a small ext5t1 %\ld ! engrav]'s h&s be w>m & moi/2 & also :5 work+ by lamp-light )\t a globe fill$ ) wat] betwe5 ! lamp & ! block4 ,su* slight w>p+ 9 ! c\rse ( engrav+ is1 h[ev]1 easily rem$i$ by lay+ ! block ) its face--t is1 ! surface on :i* ! draw+ is made--d[nw>d on ! desk or table at all times :5 ! engrav] is n actually employ$ on ! subject4 ,! block s plac$1 provid$ t x be n ( v dry wood1 9 a %ort "t recov]s its =m] level4 ,:5 a block ( v dry wood becomes di%$1 or concave1 on its upp] surface1 z %[n 9 ! prec$+ cut1 !re is little *ance ( its ev] aga9 becom+ suffici5tly flat to all[ ( its be+ well pr9t$4 ,:5 ! deviation f a p]fect level at ! bottom is n s great z to attract ! notice ( ! pressman previ\s to tak+ an impression1 ! block n unfrequ5tly yields to ! action ( ! platt51 & splits4 ,! fracture rema9s p]haps unobs]v$ = a %ort "t1 & :5 x is at l5g? notic$1 ! block is probably spoil$ beyond rem$y4 ,:5 box is v dry x is extremely difficult to cut a cle> l9e ^u x1 z x crumbles1 & small pieces fly out at ! sides ( ! l9e trac$ by ! grav]4 ,! small :ite spots s frequ5tly se5 9 ! delicate l9es ( ! sky 9 wood-cuts are occasion$ by p>ticles fly+ out 9 ?is mann]4 ,if a block consi/ p>tly ( yell[ wood & p>tly ( wood ) r$ r+s1 ! yell[ w cut cle>1 :ile 9 ! r$ x w be almo/ impossible to cut a p]fect l9e4 ,:5 ! same piece ( wood is yell[ & r$ alt]nately x is extremely difficult to produce an ev5 t9t ^u x4 ,wood ( ?is k9d ought always to be reject$1 bo? f ! difficulty ( engrav+ ^u x ) cle>ness1 & f ! unc]ta9ty ( ! surface cont9u+ p]fectly flat1 z ! r$ r+s are m liable to %r9k 9 dry+ ?an ! o!r p>ts1 &1 f _! ?us n receiv+ a suffici5t quantity ( ink1 to appe> l s _m ra9b[s 9 ! impression4 ,! spaces betwe5 ^? r+s are great] or less1 accord+ly z ! seasons h be5 fav\rable or unfav\rable to ! gr[? ( ! tree4 ,besides ! injuri\s effect :i* ^? r$ r+s are apt to produce 9 an impression1 wood ( ?is k9d is v unpleasant & unc]ta9 to engrave on2 = z ! yell[ p>ts cut pleasant & cle>1 ! engrav]1 unless p>ticul>ly on 8 gu>d1 is betray$ to tru/ to ! :ole piece z be+ ( ! same uni=m t5acity1 & be=e he is aw>e ( its inequality 9 ?is respect1 or c *eck ! progress ( 8 grav]1 its po9t has ent]$ "o ( ^? s(t r$ r+s1 &1 to ! injury ( 8 "w1 has ei!r caus$ a small piece to fly out1 or c>ri$ ! l9e fur!r ?an he int5d$4 ,wood ( ?is k9d is unfit = any?+ except v common "w1 & ought nev] to be us$ = delicate engrav+4 ,!re is no c]ta9 means ( =m+ a judgm5t ( box-wood until x be cut into slices or tr5*]-l pieces f ! log2 = _m logs :i* ext]nally appe> s\nd & ( a good col\r1 prove v faulty & crack$ 9 ! c5tre :5 sawn up4 ,turkey box is 9 p>ticul> s defective 9 ?is respect t a l>ge slice c seldom be procur$ )\t a crack4 ,?is1 probably1 is occasion$ by ! mann] 9 :i* ! tree is fell$4 ,previ\s to _! beg9n+ to cut d[n a tree ! ,turki% wood-cutt]s fa/5 a rope to ! top1 by means ( :i* !y break ! tree d[n :5 ! bole is little m ?an half cut ?r\gh4 ,! consequ5ce is t a %iv] frequ5tly ext5ds ?r\gh ! mo/ valuable portion ( ! log4 ,_m arti/s1 :o are n accu/om$ to make draw+s on wood1 errone\sly suppose t ! block requires "s peculi> prep>ation4 ,no?+ m is requir$ ?an to rub ! previ\sly plan$ & smoo!d surface ) a little p[d]$ ,ba?-brick1 slightly mix$ ) wat]3 z little wat] z possible is1 h[ev]1 to be us$1 z o!rwise ! block w absorb too mu*1 & be aft]w>ds extremely liable to split4 ,:5 ?is ?9 coat+ is p]fectly dry1 x is to be remov$ by rubb+ ! block ) ! palm ( ! h&4 ,no "p ( ! light p[d] ought to rema91 =1 o!rwise1 ! p5cil com+ 9 contact ) x w make a co>se & comp>atively ?ick l9e1 :i*1 besides be+ a blemi% 9 ! draw+1 is v liable to be rubb$ (f4 ,! object ( us+ ! p[d]$ ,ba?-brick is to r5d] ! surface less slipp]y1 & ?us capable ( af=d+ a bett] hold to ! po9t ( ! black-lead p5cil4 ,:5 ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! draw+ are fir/ wa%$ 9 ^u ! block 9 ,indian ink1 x is ( great advantage to g5tly rub ! surface ( ! block1 :5 dry1 ) a little dry & f9ely p[d]$ ,ba?-brick1 be=e ! draw+ is complet$ ) ! black-lead p5cil4 ,by ?is means ! h>d edges ( ! ,indian-ink wa% w be s(t5$1 ! diff]5t t9ts delicately bl5d$1 & ! subsequ5t t\*es ( ! p5cil be m di/9ctly se54 ,"s arti/s1 previ\s to beg9n+ to draw on ! block1 are 9 ! habit ( wa%+ ov] ! surface ) a mixture ( flake-:ite & gum-wat]4,,ix-#g ,?is practice is1 h[ev]1 by no means a good "o4 ,! draw+ inde$ may appe> v bright & %[y :5 fir/ made on su* a :ite surface1 b 9 ! progress ( engrav+ a ?9 film ( ! prep>ation w occasionally rise up be=e ! grav] & c>ry ) x a portion ( ! un5grav$ "w1 :i* ! engrav] is left to re/ore accord+ to 8 ability & recollection4 ,?is :ite gr\nd also mixes ) ! ink 9 tak+ a fir/ pro(1 & fills up ! f9] p>ts ( ! cut4 ,if a :ite wa% be us$ )\t gum1 ! draw+ is v liable to be p>tially effac$ 9 ! progress ( engrav+1 & ! engrav] left to f9i% 8 "w z he c4 ,! risk ( ?is inconv5i5ce ought to be especially avoid$ 9 mak+ draw+s on a block1 z ! wood engrav] has n ! opportunity ( ref]r+ to ano!r draw+ or to an orig9al pa9t+ 9 ! mann] ( an engrav] on copp]4 ,footnote ,,ix-#g3 ,in/ead ( gum-wat]1 ,fr5* arti/s1 :o are accu/om$ to make draw+s on wood1 use wat] 9 :i* p>*m5t %av+s h be5 boil$4 ,! less t is done to *ange ! orig9al col\r ( ! wood--by :ite or any o!r prep>ation--s mu* ! bett] = ! engrav]2 a piece ( cle> box is suffici5tly light to all[ ( ! mo/ delicate l9es be+ di/9ctly drawn ^u x4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! block is :it5$1 ano!r inconv5i5ce arises besides ^? already notic$4 ,x is ?is3 :5 ! draw+ is made ^u a :ite gr\nd1 & ! subject p>tially engrav$1 ! effect ( ! :ole becomes v confus$ & p]plex+ to ! engrav] 9 consequ5ce ( ! p>ts already engrav$ appe>+ ne>ly ( ! orig9al col\r ( ! wood1 :ile ! gr\nd ( ! p>ts n yet cut is :ite1 z fir/ drawn4 ,! engrav]'s eye _c correctly judge ( ! :ole1 & ! inconv5i5ce is increas$ by 8 nei!r hav+ an orig9al draw+ to ref] to1 nor a pro( to guide him3 until ! cut be complet$ he has no means ( correctly asc]ta9+ :e!r he has left too mu* col\r or tak5 too mu* away4 ,! engrav] on copp] or on /eel c h an impression ( 8 et*+ z soon z x is bit 91 & c take impressions ( ! plate at all times 9 ! c\rse ( 8 progress2 ! wood engrav]1 on ! contr>y1 enjoys no su* advantages2 he is oblig$ to wait until all be complet$ ere he c obta9 an impression ( 8 "w4 ,if ! wood engrav] has kept 8 subject g5]ally too d>k1 !re is n mu* difficulty 9 r$uc+ x2 b if he has engrav$ x too light1 !re is no rem$y4 ,if a small "p be badly engrav$1 or ! block has su/a9$ an injury1 ! defect may be repair$ by ins]t+ a small piece ( wood & re-engrav+ x3 ?is mode ( repair+ a block is te*nically t]m$ 8plugg+40,,ix-#h ,footnote ,,ix-#h3 ,?is mode ( repair+ a block 0 practis$ by ! ,g]man wood engrav]s ( ! "t ( ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,! 8plug0 :i* !y ins]t$ 0 usually squ>e1 & n circul> z at pres5t4 ,! ,fr5* wood engrav]s ( ! "t ( ,papillon cont9u$ to employ squ>e plugs4 ,!re are two or ?ree in/ances ( cuts ?us repair$1 9 ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank1 ,nuremb]g & ,augsburg1 #aeag-aeai4 ,:5 a block requires to be ?us am5d$ or repair$1 x is fir/ to be det]m9$ h[ mu* is necess>y to be tak5 out t ! re/oration may accord ) ! adjac5t p>ts2 = sometimes1 9 ord] to r5d] ! ins]tion less p]ceptible1 x may be requisite to take out r m ?an ! "p imactually p]fect or injur$4 ,?is be+ decid$ on1 a hole is drill$ 9 ! block1 z is repres5t$ 9 ! next page1 ( a size suffici5t to admit 8! plug40 ,! hole ought n to be drill$ q ?r\gh ! block1 z ! piece let 9 w\ld1 f ! %ak+ & batt]+ ( ! press1 be v likely to become loos5$4 ,%\ld x receive m pressure at ! top ?an bottom1 x w\ld s9k a little bel[ ! engrav$ surface ( ! block1 & ?us appe> light] 9 ! impression ?an ! surr\nd+ p>ts2 :ile %\ld x be slightly =c$ up f bel[ x1 w\ld appe> d>k]1--9 ea* case =m+ a positive blemi% 9 ! cut4,,ix-#i ,:5 ! %ape ( ! "p to be re/or$ is too l>ge to be cov]$ ) "o circul> plug1 x is bett] to add "o plug to ano!r till ! :ole be cov]$1 ?an to ins]t "o ( a diff]5t %ape1 & ?us fill ! space at once4 ,:5 a s+le plug is us$ ! section appe>s ?us2 ! plug be+ driv5 9 l a w$ge1 & hav+ a vacant space ar\nd x at ! bottom4 ,if an oblong space ( ! =m ,no4 #a4 is to be re/or$1 x w be be/ effect$ by fir/ ins]t+ a plug at ea* end1 z at ,no4 #b1 !n add+ two o!rs1 z at ,no4 #c1 & f9ally w$g+ !m all fa/ by a c5tral plug1 z at ,no4 #d1 l ! key-/one 9 an ar*4 ,:5 a plug is firmly fix$1 ! top is c>efully cut d[n to ! level ( ! block1 & ! "p ( ! subject want+ re-drawn & engrav$4 ,:5 ^! op]ations are well p]=m$ no trace ( ! ins]tion c be discov]$1 except by "o :o %\ld "k :]e to look = x4 ,footnote ,,ix-#i3 ,9 a tail-piece at page #eb ( ,bewick's ,fables1 edition #ahbc1 a plug :i* has be5 ins]t$ appe>s light] ?an ! adjac5t p>ts1 9 consequ5ce ( its hav+ sunk a little bel[ ! surface2 & 9 ! cut to ! fable ( ! ,h>t & ! ,v9e1 9 ! same "w1 two l>ge plugs1 at ! top1 are d>k] ?an ! o!r p>ts 9 consequ5ce ( _! hav+ ris5 a little above ! surface4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,plug ,,out4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #d4 ,:5 a ca/ is tak5 f a block :i* requires ! ins]tion ( a plug1 ! be/ mode is to h ! "p int5d$ to be r5ew$ ca/ blank4 ,9 ?is case a hole ( suffici5t size is to be drill$ 9 ! block1 & aft]w>ds fill$ up ) pla/] to ! level ( ! surface4 ,a ca/ be+ !n tak51 ! "p to be re-engrav$ rema9s blank1 b ( a piece ) ! re/ ( ! metal1 s t !re is no possibility ( its ris+ up above or s9k+ bel[ ! surface1 z sometimes happ5s :5 a plug is ins]t$ 9 a wood-block4 ,:5 ! "p rema9+ blank 9 ! ca/ is engrav$ 9 accordance ) ! "w ( ! surr\nd+ p>ts1 x is almo/ impossible to discov] any trace ( ! ins]tion4 ,! foll[+ impression is f a ca/ ( ! block illu/rat+ ! 8plug10 ) ! "p :i* appe>s :ite 9 ! =m] cut re/or$ & re-engrav$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,a :ite circul> l9e1 ne> ! h&le ( ! pail1 has be5 purposely cut to indicate ! place ( ! plug4 ,illu/ration ,be=e beg9n+ to engrave any subject1 x is necess>y to obs]ve :e!r ! draw+ be entirely1 or only 9 "p1 made ) a p5cil4 ,if x be :at is usually call$ a wa% draw+1 ) little m ?an ! outl9es 9 p5cil1 x is n necess>y to be s cauti\s 9 def5d+ x f ! action ( ! brea? or ! occasional t\*+ ( ! h&2 b if x be entirely 9 p5cil1 too mu* c>e _c be tak5 to protect x f bo?4 ,be=e proce$+ to engrave a delicate p5cil draw+ ! block ought to be cov]$ ) pap]1 ) ! exception ( ! "p on :i* x is int5d$ to beg94 ,s(t pap] ought n to be us$ = ?is purpose1 z su* is mo/ likely to p>tially efface ! draw+ :5 ! h& is press$ ^u ! block4 ,mod]ately /\t po/-pap] ) a glaz$ surface is ! be/2 ?\gh "s engrav]s1 9 ord] to pres]ve _! eyes1 :i* become affect$ by :ite pap]1 cov] ! block ) blue pap]1 :i* is usually too s(t1 & ?us expose ! draw+ to injury4 ,! d+y1 grey1 & ov]-done appe>ance ( sev]al mod]n wood-cuts is d\btless ow+1 9 a great measure1 to ! block :5 9 c\rse ( engrav+ hav+ be5 cov]$ ) s(t pap]1 :i* has p>tially effac$ ! draw+4 ,! draw+1 :i* orig9ally may h be5 cle> & t\*y1 loses its brightness1 & becomes indi/9ct f its frequ5t contact ) ! s(t pliable pap]2 ! spirit$ d>k t\*es :i* give x effect are rubb$ d[n to a sob] grey1 & all ! o!r p>ts1 f ! same cause1 are comp>atively weak4 ,! cut1 be+ engrav$ accord+ to ! appe>ance ( ! draw+1 is tame1 flat1 & spiritless4 ,illu/ration ,diff]5t engrav]s h diff]5t me?ods ( fa/5+ ! pap] to ! block4,,ix-#aj ,"s fix x ) gum1 or ) waf]s at ! sides2 b ?is is n a good mode1 = z (t5 z x is necess>y to take a view ( ! :ole block1 9 ord] to judge ( ! progress ( ! "w1 ! pap] mu/ be torn (f1 & aft]w>ds replac$ by means ( new waf]s or fre% gum1 s t be=e ! cut is f9i%$ ! sides ( ! block are cov]$ ) bits ( pap] 9 ! mann] ( a wall or %op-front cov]$ ) fragm5ts ( po/+-bills4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t mode ( fa/5+ ! pap] is to fir/ wrap a piece ( /iff & /\t ?read ?ree or f\r times r\nd ! edges ( ! block1 & !n aft] mak+ ! end fa/ to remove x4 ,! pap] is !n to be closely fitt$ to ! block1 & ! edges be+ br\ght ov] ! sides1 ! ?read is to be re-plac$ above x4 ,if ! turns ( ! ?read be too tight to pass ov] ! la/ corn] ( ! block1 ,a1 a piece ( /r+1 ,b1 be+ pass$ )9 !m & firmly pull$1 9 ! mann] "h repres5t$1 w cause !m to /ret* a little & pass ov] on to ! edge )\t difficulty4 ,:5 ?is plan is adopt$ ! pap] =ms a k9d ( moveable cap1 :i* c be tak5 (f at pleasure to view ! progress ( ! "w1 & replac$ )\t ! lea/ tr\ble4 ,footnote ,,ix-#aj3 ,fr5* wood engrav]s are accu/om$ to rub ! sides ( ! block ) bees'-wax1 :i* on be+ *af$ ) ! ?umb-nail becomes slightly s(t5$1 & ?us adh]es to ! pap]4 ,i h long be5 ( op9ion t _m "y p]sons1 :5 beg9n+ to le>n ! art ( wood engrav+1 h injur$ _! sight by unnecess>ily us+ a magnify+ glass4 ,at ! v comm5cem5t ( _! pupilage boys w furni% !mselves ) a glass ( ?is k9d1 z if x 7 z mu* a matt] ( c\rse z a set ( grav]s2 !y sometimes see m5 use a glass1 & z at ?is p]iod !y are prone to ape _! eld]s 9 ! pr(ession1 !y mu/ h "o also2 & z !y g5]ally *oose su* z magnify mo/1 ! result n unfrequ5tly is t _! sight is consid]ably impair$ be=e !y are capable ( execut+ any?+ t really requires mu* nicety ( vision4 ,i w\ld recomm5d all p]sons to avoid ! use ( glasses ( any k9d1 :e!r s+le magnifi]s or spectacles1 until impair$ sight r5d]s su* aids necess>y2 & ev5 !n to comm5ce ) su* z are ( small magnify+ p[]4 ,! habit ( view+ m9ute objects alt]nately ) a magnify+ glass & ! nak$ eye--apply+ ! glass e two or ?ree m9utes--is1 ,i am satisfi$1 injuri\s to ! sight4 ,! magnify+ glass us$ by wood engrav]s is simil> to t us$ by wat*-mak]s1 & consi/s ( a s+le l5s1 fitt$ into a %ort tube1 :i* is r wid] at ! end appli$ to ! eye4 ,z ! glass seldom c be fix$ s firmly to ! eye z to entirely disp5se ) hold+ x1 ! engrav] is ?us frequ5tly oblig$ to apply 8 left h& to keep x 9 its place2 z he _c hold ! block ) ! same h& at ! same "t1 or move x z may be requir$1 s z to enable him to execute 8 "w ) fre$om1 ! consequ5ce is1 t ! engrav+ ( a p]son :o is 9 ! habit ( us+ a magnify+ glass has frequ5tly a cramp$ appe>ance4 ,!re are also o!r disadvantages att5dant on ! habitual use ( a magnify+ glass4 ,a p]son us+ su* a glass mu/ necess>ily hold 8 head aside1 s t ! eye on :i* ! glass is fix$ may be directly above ! "p on :i* he is at "w4 ,9 ord] to atta9 ?is position1 ! eye itself is n unfrequ5tly di/ort$2 & :5 x is kept s = any l5g? ( "t x becomes extremely pa9ful4 ,i nev] f9d my eyes s free f pa9 or a*+ z :5 look+ at ! "w directly 9 front1 )\t any twi/+ ( ! neck s z to br+ "o eye only imm$iately above ! "p 9 c\rse ( execution4 ,i !re=e conclude t ! eyes are less likely to be injur$ :5 ?us employ$ ?an :5 "o is frequ5tly di/ort$ & pa9$ 9 look+ ?r\gh a glass4 ,i am "h m]ely speak+ f exp]i5ce1 & n pr(ess$ly f any !oretic k ( optics2 b z ,i h hi!rto done )\t ! aid ( any magnify+ p[]1 ,i am n )\t reason conv9c$ t glasses ( all k9ds ought to be disp5s$ ) until impair$ vision r5d]s _! use absolutely necess>y4 ,i am decid$ly ( op9ion t to use glasses to pres]ve ! sight1 is to meet half way ! evil :i* is ?us s\ght to be av]t$4 ,a p]son :o has 8 s5se ( he>+ p]fect nev] ?9ks ( us+ a trumpet or ac\/ic in/rum5t 9 ord] to pres]ve x4 ,all wood engrav]s1 :e!r _! eyes be naturally weak or n1 ought to we> a %ade1 simil> to t repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ figure1 ,no4 #a1 z x bo? protects ! eyes f too /rong a light1 & also s]ves to conc5trate ! view on ! "w :i* ! engrav] is at ! "t engag$ 9 execut+4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,:5 speak+ on ?is subject1 x may n be out ( place to m5tion a k9d ( %ade or scre5 = ! nose & m\?1 simil> to t 9 ! prec$+ figure1 ,no4 #b4 ,su* a %ade or scre5 is call$ by ,papillon a m5tonnire1,,ix-#aa & its object is to prev5t ! draw+ on ! block be+ injur$ by ! brea? 9 damp or fro/y wea!r4 ,)\t su* a precaution1 a draw+ made on ! block ) black-lead p5cil w\ld1 9 a great measure1 be effac$ by ! brea? ( ! engrav] pass+ freely ov] x 9 su* wea!r4 ,su* a %ade or scre5 is mo/ conv5i5tly made ( a piece ( ?9 pa/ebo>d or /iff pap]4 ,footnote ,,ix-#aa3 ,papillon's description ( a m5tonnire is previ\sly notic$ at page #dfe4 ,!re are v>i\s modes ( protect+ ! eyes :5 work+ by lamp-light1 b ,i am aw>e ( only "o :i* bo? protects ! eyes f ! light & ! face f ! heat ( ! lamp4 ,?is consi/s 9 fill+ a l>ge transp>5t glass-globe ) cle> wat]1 & plac+ x 9 su* a mann] betwe5 ! lamp & ! workman t ! light1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! globe1 may fall directly on ! block1 9 ! mann] repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ cut4 ,! height ( ! lamp c be regulat$ accord+ to ! engrav]'s conv5i5ce1 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ moveable on ! upright piece ( iron or o!r metal :i* =ms its support4 ,! dott$ l9e %[s ! direction ( ! light :5 ! lamp is elevat$ to ! height "h se52 by l[]+ ! lamp a little m1 ! dott$ l9e w\ld incl9e m to a horizontal direction1 & enable ! engrav] to sit at a great] di/ance4 ,by ! use ( ^? globes "o lamp w suffice = ?ree or f\r p]sons1 & ea* p]son h a mu* cle>] & cool] light ?an if he _h a lamp )\t a globe solely to himself4,,ix-#ab ,footnote ,,ix-#ab3 ,papillon pref]r$ a k9d ( bull's-eye l5s--l\pe--( ab\t ?ree & a half in*es diamet]1 flat on "o side & convex on ! o!r1 to a globe fill$ ) wat]--un bocal--= ! purpose ( br++ ! light ( ! lamp to a focus4 ,?is bull's-eye he _h enclos$ 9 a k9d ( frame1 :i* c\ld be incl9$ to any angle1 or turn$ 9 any direction by means ( a ball-&-socket jo9t4 ,he gives a cut ( x at page #ge1 vol4 ii4 ( 8 ,trait de la ,gravure en ,bois4--,i h tri$ ! bull's-eye l5s1 b ?\gh ! light 0 equally good z t f ! globe1 ,i f\nd t ! heat affect$ ! head 9 a mo/ unpleasant mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s&bag ,,& ,,block4 ,,globe4 ,,lamp4 ,x has be5 said1 & ) "s appe>ance ( tru?1 t 8! be/ engrav]s use ! fewe/ tools20 b ?is1 l _m o!r say+s ( a simil> k9d1 does n g5]ally hold good4 ,he und\bt$ly ought to be consid]$ ! be/ engrav] :o executes 8 "w 9 ! be/ mann] ) ! fewe/ tools2 :ile x is no less c]ta9 t he is a bad engrav] :o executes 8 "w badly1 :e!r he use _m or few4 ,no wood engrav] :o und]/&s 8 art w incumb] 8 desk or table ) a numb] ( useless tools1 ?\gh1 f a reg>d to 8 own "t1 he w take c>e t he has z _m z are necess>y4 ,!re are "s :o pride !mselves ^u execut+ a great v>iety ( "w ) "o tool1 & h5ce1 firmly believ+ 9 ! tru? ( ! say+ above quot$1 fancy t !y are fir/-rate engrav]s4 ,su* w\ld be bett] entitl$ to ! "n if !y execut$ _! "w well4 ,a p]son :o makes 8 tools 8 hobby-horse1 & :o be/[s ^u _! ornam5ts--ebony or ivory h&les1 silv] hoops1 c4--t att5tion :i* ought r to be devot$ to 8 subject1 r>ely excels z an engrav]4 ,he :o is va9 ( ! beautiful appe>ance ( 8 tools has n (t5 j reason to be pr\d ( 8 "w4 ,illu/ration ,!re are only f\r k9ds ( cutt+ tools,,ix-#ac necess>y 9 wood engrav+1 namely3--grav]s2 t9t-tools2 g\ges or scoop]s2 & flat tools or *isels4 ,( ea* ( ^! f\r k9ds !re are v>i\s sizes4 ,! foll[+ cut %[s ! =m ( a grav] t is pr9cipally us$ = outl9+ or sep>at+ "o figure f ano!r4 ,a1 is ! back ( ! tool2 ,b1 ! face2 ,c1 ! po9t2 & ,d1 :at is te*nically call$ ! belly4 ,! horizontal dott$ l9e1 #a1 #b1 %[s ! surface ( ! block1 & ! mann] 9 :i* "p ( ! h&le is cut (f aft] ! blade is ins]t$4,,ix-#ad ,?is tool is v f9e at ! po9t1 z ! l9e :i* x cuts ought to be s ?9 z n to be di/9ctly p]ceptible :5 ! cut is pr9t$1 z ! int5tion is m]ely to =m a t]m9ation or b\nd>y to a s]ies ( l9es runn+ 9 ano!r direction4 ,?\gh x is necess>y t ! po9t %\ld be v f9e1 yet ! blade ought n to be too ?91 = !n1 in/ead ( cutt+ out a piece ( ! wood1 ! tool w m]ely make a delicate op5+1 :i* w\ld be likely to close z soon z ! block %\ld be expos$ to ! action ( ! press4 ,:5 ! outl9e tool becomes too ?9 at ! po9t ! l[] "p %\ld be rubb$ on a hone1 9 ord] to r$uce ! extreme f95ess4 ,footnote ,,ix-#ac3 ,a %>p-edg$ scrap]1 9 %ape some?+ l a copp]-plate engrav]'s burni%]1 is us$ 9 ! process ( l[]+4 ,footnote ,,ix-#ad3 ,! h&le1 :5 receiv$ f ! turn]'s1 is p]fectly circul> at ! r\nd$ end2 b aft] ! blade is ins]t$1 a segm5t is cut (f at ! l[] "p1 z se5 9 ! above cut4 ,illu/ration ,ab\t eight or n9e grav]s ( diff]5t sizes1 beg9n+ f ! outl9e tool1 are g5]ally suffici5t4 ,! blades diff] little 9 %ape1 :5 fir/ made1 f ^? us$ by copp]-plate engrav]s2 b 9 ord] to r5d] !m fit = ! purpose ( wood engrav+1 x is necess>y to give ! po9ts _! peculi> =m by rubb+ !m on a ,turkey /one4 ,9 ?is cut are %[n ! faces & "p ( ! backs ( n9e grav]s ( diff]5t sizes2 ! l[] dott$ l9e1 ,a ,c1 %[s ! ext5t to :i* ! po9ts ( su* tools are sometimes gr\nd d[n by ! engrav] 9 ord] to r5d] !m broad]4 ,:5 ?us gr\nd d[n ! po9ts are slightly r\nd$1 & d n rema9 /raight z if cut (f by ! dott$ l9e ,a ,c4 ,^! tools are us$ = ne>ly all k9ds ( "w1 except = s]ies ( p>allel l9es1 te*nically call$ 8t9ts40 ,! wid? ( ! l9e cut out1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! grav] t[>ds ! po9t1 is regulat$ by ! pressure ( ! engrav]'s h&4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,t9t-,,tool4 ,,grav]4 ,t9t-tools are *iefly us$ to cut p>allel l9es =m+ an ev5 & uni=m t9t1 su* z is usually se5 9 ! repres5tation ( a cle> sky 9 wood-cuts4 ,!y are ?9n] at ! back1 b deep] 9 ! side ?an grav]s1 & ! angle ( ! face1 at ! po9t1 is mu* m acute4 ,ab\t sev5 or eight1 ( diff]5t degrees ( f95ess1 are g5]ally suffici5t4 ,! foll[+ cut w af=d an idea ( ! %ape ( ! blades t[>ds ! po9t4 ,! h&le ( ! t9t-tool is ( ! same =m z t ( a grav]4 ,! figure m>k$ ,a pres5ts a side view ( ! blade2 ! o!rs m>k$ ,b %[ ! faces4 ,"s engrav]s nev] use a t9t-tool1 b cut all _! l9es ) a grav]4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 great unc]ta9ty 9 cutt+ a s]ies ( p>allel l9es 9 ?is mann]1 z ! lea/ incl9ation ( ! h& to "o side w cause ! grav] to increase ! wid? ( ! :ite l9e cut out1 & und]cut ! rais$ "o left1 m ?an if 9 ! same circum/ances a t9t-tool 7 us$4 ,?is w be r5d]$ m evid5t by a comp>ison ( ! po9ts & faces ( ! two diff]5t tools3 ,! t9t-tool1 be+ v little ?ick] at ,b ?an at ! po9t ,a1 w cause a v trifl+ diff]5ce 9 ! wid? ( a l9e 9 ! ev5t ( a wrong incl9ation1 :5 comp>$ ) ! inequality occasion$ by ! un/eady direction ( a grav]1 ^: angle at ! po9t is mu* great] ?an t ( a prop] t9t-tool4 ,t9t-tools ought to be suffici5tly /rong at ! back to prev5t _! b5d+ 9 ! middle ( ! blade :5 us$1 = ) a weak tool ( ?is k9d ! engrav] _c prop]ly guide ! po9t1 & h5ce fre$om ( execution is lo/4 ,t9t-tools t are r ?ick 9 ! back are to be pref]r$ to su* z are ?91 n only f _! all[+ ( great /ead9ess 9 cutt+1 b f _! leav+ ! rais$ l9es ?ick] at ! bottom1 & consequ5tly m capable ( su/a9+ ! action ( ! press4 ,a t9t-tool t is ( ! same ?ickness1 bo? at ! back & ! l[] "p1 cuts out ! l9es 9 su* mann] t a section ( !m appe>s ?us3 ! black or rais$ l9es f :i* ! impression is obta9$ be+ no ?ick] at _! base ?an at ! surface2 :ile a section ( ! l9es cut by a tool t is ?ick] at ! back ?an at ! l[] "p appe>s ?us4 ,x is evid5t t l9es ( ?is k9d1 hav+ a bett] support at ! base1 are mu* less liable ?an ! =m] to be brok5 9 pr9t+4 ,g\ges ( diff]5t sizes1 f ,a ! smalle/ to ,b ! l>ge/1 z "h repres5t$1 are us$ = scoop+ out ! wood t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! block2 :ile flat tools or *isels1 ( v>i\s sizes1 are *iefly employ$ 9 cutt+ away ! wood t[>ds ! edges4 ,flat tools ( ! %ape se5 9 figure ,c are sometimes (f]$ = sale by tool-mak]s1 b !y ought nev] to be us$2 = ! project+ corn]s are v apt to cut "u a l9e1 & ?us remove x entirely1 caus+ great tr\ble to replace x by ins]t+ new pieces ( wood4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,g\ges4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*isels4 ,illu/ration3 ,c ,illu/ration ,! face ( bo? grav]s & t9t-tools ought to be kept r long ?an %ort2 ?\gh if ! po9t be gr\nd too f9e1 x w be v liable to break4 ,:5 ! face is long--or1 /rictly speak+1 :5 ! angle1 =m$ by ! plane ( ! face & ! l[] l9e ( ! blade1 is comp>atively acute--?us1 a l9e is cut ) mu* great] cle>ness ?an :5 ! face is comp>atively obtuse1 & ! small %av+ cut out turns g5tly ov] t[>ds ! h&4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! face ( ! tool approa*es to ! %ape se5 9 ! foll[+ cut1 ! rev]se happ5s2 ! small %av+ is r pl\gh$ out ?an cleanly cut out2 & ! =ce necess>y to pu% ! tool =w>d frequ5tly causes small pieces to fly out at ea* side ( ! holl[$ l9e1 m especially if ! wood be dry4 ,! %av+ also1 in/ead ( turn+ aside ov] ! face ( ! tool1 turns ov] be=e ! po9t1 ?us1 & h9d]s ! engrav] f see+ t "p ( ! p5cill$ l9e :i* is directly "u x4 ,a %ort-fac$ tool ( itself prev5ts ! engrav] f di/9ctly see+ ! po9t4 ,:5 ! face ( a tool has become obtuse1 x ought to be gr\nd to a prop] =m1 = in/ance1 f ! %ape ( ! figure ,a to t ( ,b4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,grav]s & t9t-tools :5 fir/ receiv$ f ! mak] are g5]ally too h>d1--a defect :i* is soon discov]$ by ! po9t break+ (f %ort z soon z x ent]s ! wood4 ,to rem$y ?is1 ! blade ( ! tool ought to be plac$ ) its flat side above a piece ( iron--a pok] w d v well--ne>ly r$-hot4 ,directly x *anges to a /raw col\r x is to be tak5 (f ! iron1 & ei!r dipp$ 9 sweet oil or all[$ to cool gradually4 ,if remov$ f ! iron :ile x is /ill ( a /raw col\r1 x w h be5 s(t5$ no m ?an suffici5t2 b %\ld x h acquir$ a purple t+e1 x w h be5 s(t5$ too mu*2 & in/ead ( break+ at ! po9t1 z be=e1 x w b5d4 ,a small gr9d/one is ( great s]vice 9 gr9d+ d[n ! faces ( tools t h become obtuse4 ,a ,turkey /one1 ?\gh ! op]ation requires m "t1 is h[ev] a v good sub/itute1 z1 besides r$uc+ ! face1 ! tool receives a po9t at ! same "t4 ,?\gh "s engrav]s use only a ,turkey /one = %>p5+ _! tools1 yet a hone 9 addition is ( great advantage4 ,a grav] t has receiv$ a f9al poli% on a hone cuts a cle>] l9e ?an "o :i* has only be5 %>p5$ on a ,turkey /one2 x also cuts m pleasantly1 glid+ smoo?ly ?r\gh ! wood1 if x be ( good quality1 )\t /irr+ a p>ticle on ea* side ( ! l9e4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! grav]s & t9t-tools us$ = engrav+ on a plane surface are /raight at ! po9t1 z is "h repres5t$2 b = engrav+ on a block r5d]$ concave 9 c]ta9 p>ts by l[]+1 x is necess>y t ! po9t %\ld h a slight incl9ation upw>ds1 ?us4 ,! dott$ l9es %[ ! direction ( ! po9t us$ = plane surface engrav+4 ,!re is no difficulty 9 gett+ a tool to desc5d on "o side ( a "p holl[$ out or l[]$2 b unless ! po9t be slightly incl9$ upw>ds1 z is "h %[n1 x is extremely difficult to make x asc5d on ! side opposite1 )\t gett+ too mu* hold1 & ?us produc+ a wid] :ite l9e ?an 0 int5d$4 ,illu/ration ,z ! prop] mann] ( hold+ ! grav] is "o ( ! fir/ ?+s t a "y wood engrav] is taught1 x is necess>y to say a few words on ?is subject4 ,engrav]s on copp] & /eel1 :o h mu* h>d] sub/ances ?an wood to cut1 hold ! grav] ) ! =e-f+] ext5d+ on ! blade beyond ! ?umb1 ?us1 s t by its pressure ! po9t may be press$ into ! plate4 ,z box-wood1 h[ev]1 is mu* s(t] ?an copp] or /eel1 & z x is seldom ( p]fectly equal h>dness ?r\gh\t1 x is necess>y to hold ! grav] 9 a diff]5t mann]1 & employ ! ?umb at once z a /ay or re/ = ! blade1 & z a *eck ^u ! =ce ex]t$ by ! palm ( ! h&1 ! motion be+ *iefly direct$ by ! =e-f+]1 z is %[n 9 ! foll[+ cut4 ,illu/ration ,! ?umb1 ) ! end re/+ aga9/ ! side ( ! block1 9 ! mann] above repres5t$1 all[s ! blade to move back & =w>d ) a slight degree ( pressure aga9/ x1 & 9 case ( a slip x is ev] ready to *eck ! grav]'s progress4 ,?is mode ( re/+ ! ?umb aga9/ ! edge ( ! block is1 h[ev]1 only applicable :5 ! cuts are s small z to all[ ( ! grav]1 :5 ?us guid$ & controll$1 to rea* e "p ( ! subject4 ,:5 ! cut is too l>ge to admit ( ?is1 ! ?umb !n re/s ^u ! surface ( ! block1 ?us3 ,illu/ration /ill =m+ a /ay to ! blade ( ! grav]1 & a *eck to its slips1 z be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,9 ord] to acquire /ead9ess ( h&1 ! be/ ?+ = a pupil to beg9 ) is ! cutt+ ( t9ts1--t is1 p>allel l9es2 & ! fir/ attempts ought to be made on a small block su* z is repres5t$ 9 ,no4 #a1 :i* w all[ ea* entire l9e to be cut ) ! ?umb re/+ aga9/ ! edge4 ,:5 l9es ( ?is l5g? c be cut ) tol]able precision1 ! pupil %\ld proce$ to blocks ( ! size ( ,no4 #b4 ,he ought also to cut wav$ t9ts1 :i* are n s difficult2 beg9n+1 z 9 /raight ones1 ) a small block1 & gradually proce$+ to blocks ( great] size4 ,%\ld ! wood n cut smoo?ly 9 ! direction 9 :i* he has begun1 he %\ld rev]se ! block1 & cut 8 l9es 9 ! opposite direction2 = x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t wood :i* cuts %ort & crumbles 9 "o direction w cut clean & smoo? ! opposite way4 ,x is "h necess>y to obs]ve1 t if a c]ta9 numb] ( l9es be cut 9 "o direction1 & ano!r portion1 by rev]s+ ! block1 be cut ! contr>y way1 ! t9t1 al?\gh ! same tool may h be5 us$ = all1 w be ( two diff]5t %ades1 not)/&+ ! pa9s t may h be5 tak5 to keep ! l9es ( an ev5 ?ickness ?r\gh\t4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 ! appe>ance ( ! two portions ( l9es cut f opposite sides is entirely ow+ to ! wood cutt+ m smoo?ly 9 "o direction ?an ano!r1 al?\gh ! diff]5ce 9 ! resi/ance :i* x makes to ! tool may n be p]ceptible by ! h& ( ! engrav]4 ,x is ( great importance t a pupil %\ld be able to cut t9ts well be=e he proce$s to any o!r k9d ( "w4 ,! practice w give him /ead9ess ( h&1 & he w ?us acquire a habit ( c>efully execut+ su* l9es1 :i* subsequ5tly w be ( ! greate/ s]vice4 ,wood engrav]s :o h n be5 well s*ool$ 9 ?is elem5t>y "p ( _! pr(ession (t5 cut _! t9ts c>elessly 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 &1 :5 !y p]ceive ! defect 9 a pro(1 return to _! "w2 &1 ) great loss ( "t1 keep ?9n+ & dress+ ! l9es1 till !y frequ5tly make ! t9t appe> worse ?an at fir/4 ,:5 uni=m t9ts1 bo? ( /raight & wav$ l9es1 c be cut ) facility1 ! le>n] %\ld proce$ to cut t9ts 9 :i* ! l9es are ( unequal di/ance ap>t4 ,to effect ?is1 tools ( diff]5t sizes are necess>y2 = 9 t9ts ( ?is k9d ! diff]5t di/ances betwe5 ! black l9es1 are accord+ to ! wid? ( ! diff]5t tools us$ to cut !m2 ?\gh 9 t9ts ( a graduat$ tone ( col\r1 ! diff]5ce is sometimes entirely produc$ by increas+ ! pressure ( ! grav]4 ,9 ! annex$ cut1 ,no4 #c1 ! black l9es are ( equal ?ickness1 b ! wid? ( ! :ite l9es betwe5 !m becomes gradually less f ! top to ! bottom4 ,by comp>+ x ) ,no4 #d1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a uni=m t9t1 :]e ! l9es are ( ! same ?ickness & equally di/ant1 & "o :]e ! di/ance betwe5 ! l9es is unequal1 w be m readily und]/ood4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #e4 ,a /raight-l9e t9t1 ei!r uni=m1 or ) ! l9es becom+ gradually clos] )\t appe>+ d>k]1 is g5]ally adopt$ to repres5t a cle> blue sky4 ,9 ,no4 #c ! t9t has be5 comm5c$ ) a comp>atively broad-po9t$ tool2 & aft] cutt+ a few l9es1 less pressure1 ?us all[+ ! black l9es to come a little clos] toge!r1 has be5 us$1 till x became necess>y to *ange ! tool = "o less broad 9 ! face4 ,9 ?is mann] a succession ( tools1 ea* f9] ?an ! prec$+1 has be5 employ$ till ! t9t 0 complet$4--,to be able to produce a t9t ( delicately graduat$ tone1 x is necess>y t ! engrav] %\ld be well acqua9t$ ) ! use ( 8 tools1 & also h a correct eye4 ,! foll[+ is a specim5 ( a t9t cut entirely ) ! same grav]1 ! diff]5ce 9 ! col\r be+ produc$ by increas+ ! pressure 9 ! light] p>ts4 ,t9ts ( ?is k9d are obta9$ ) great] facility & c]ta9ty by us+ a grav]1 & increas+ ! pressure1 ?an by us+ sev]al t9t-tools4 ,on comp>+ ,no4 #c ) ,no4 #e1 x w be p]ceiv$ t ! black l9es 9 ! latt] decrease 9 ?ickness z !y approa* ! bottom ( ! cut1 :ile 9 ! =m] !y are ( a uni=m ?ickness ?r\gh\t4 ,if a cle> sky is to be repres5t$1 !re is no o!r mode ( mak+ t "p ne> ! horizon appe> to rec$e except by means ( f9e black l9es becom+ gradually clos] z !y desc5d1 z se5 9 ! t9t ,no4 #c4 ,z ! black l9es 9 ?is t9t are clos] at ! bottom ?an at ! top1 x might naturally be suppos$ t ! col\r w\ld be proportionably /rong] 9 t "p4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 kn[n by exp]i5ce t ! unequal di/ance ( ! l9es 9 su* a t9t does n cause any p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! col\r2 z ! upp] l9es1 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ m ap>t1 pr9t ?ick]1 & ?us c\nt]balance ! effect ( ! great] clos5ess ( ! o!rs4 ,! two foll[+ cuts are specim5s ( t9ts repres5t$ by means ( wav$ l9es3 9 ,no4 #f ! l9es are slightly undulat$2 9 ,no4 #g !y h m ( ! appe>ance ( zig-zag4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #g4 ,wav$ l9es are g5]ally introduc$ to repres5t cl\ds1 z !y n only =m a contra/ ) ! /raight l9es ( ! sky1 b f _! =m sugge/ ! idea ( motion4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve1 t if ! alt]nate undulations 9 su* l9es be too mu* curv$1 ! t9t1 :5 pr9t$1 w appe> z if int]sect$ f top to bottom1 l wick]-"w ) p]p5dicul> /akes1 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ! foll[+ specim51 ,no4 #h4 ,?is appe>ance is caus$ by ! unequal pressure ( ! tool 9 =m+ ! small curves ( :i* ea* l9e is compos$1 ?us mak+ ! black or rais$ l9e r ?ick] 9 "s p>ts ?an 9 o!rs1 & ! :ite int]/ices wide or n>r[ 9 ! same proportion4 ,! appe>ance ( su* a t9t is precisely ! same :e!r cut by h& or by a ma*9e4,,ix-#ae ,9 execut+ wav$ t9ts x is !re=e necess>y to be p>ticul>ly c>eful n to get ! undulations too mu* curv$4 ,footnote ,,ix-#ae3 ,! sky 9 _m ( ! l>ge wood engrav+s execut$ 9 ,london is n[ cut by means ( a ma*9e inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,john ,p>kh\se4 ,9 _m /eel engrav+s ! sky is rul$ 9 by means ( a ma*9e by p]sons :o d little else4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #h4 ,z ! *oice ( prop] t9ts dep5ds on ta/e1 no specific rules c be laid d[n to guide a p]son 9 _! selection4 ,! prop] use ( l9es ( v>i\s k9ds z appli$ to ! execution ( wood-cuts1 is a mo/ important consid]ation to ! engrav]1 z ^u _! prop] application all indications ( =m1 texture1 & conv5tional col\r entirely dep5d4 ,l9es are n to be introduc$ m]ely z su*1--to display ! me*anical skill ( ! engrav]2 !y ought to be ! signs ( an arti/ic mean+1 & be judg$ ( accord+ly z !y s]ve to express x ) feel+ & correctness4 ,"s wood engrav]s are b too apt to pride !mselves on ! delicacy ( _! l9+1 )\t consid]+ :e!r x be well adapt$ to express _! subject2 & to fancy t excell5ce 9 ! art consi/s *iefly 9 cutt+ ) great lab\r a numb] ( delicate unmean+ l9es4 ,to su* an ext5t is ?is c>ri$ by "s ( ?is class t !y sp5d m "t 9 express+ ! m]e scrat*es ( ! design]'s p5cil 9 a %ade ?an a ,bewick or a ,cl5nell w\ld require to engrave a cut full ( mean+ & int]e/4 ,m]e delicacy ( l9es w n1 h[ev]1 comp5sate = want ( natural expression1 nor labori\s trifl+ = t vigor\s execution :i* is ! result ( feel+4 8,expression10 says ,flaxman1 8engages ! att5tion1 & excites an int]e/ :i* comp5sates = a multitude ( defects--:il/ ! mo/ admirable execution1 )\t a j & lively expression1 w be disreg>d$ z labori\s inanity1 or contemn$ z an illusory endeav\r to impose on ! feel+s & ! und]/&+4-- ,s5tim5t gives a /]l+ value1 an irresi/ible *>m1 to ! rude/ imag]y or ! mo/ unpractis$ scrawl4 ,by ?is quality a firm alliance is =m$ ) ! affections 9 all works ( art40,,ix-#af ,p]petrators ( labori\s inanities f9d1 h[ev]1 _! admir]s2 & an amateur ( su* delicacies is 9 raptures ) a specim5 ( 8exquisitely f9e l9+10 & :5 told t su* wood-peck+s are1 z works ( art1 mu* inf]ior to ! productions ( ,bewick1 he asks :]e 8 works are to be f\nd2 & aft] he has exam9$ !m he pron\nces !m 8co>se & ta/eless1--! rude ef=ts ( a c\ntry engrav]10 & n to be comp>$ ) c]ta9 delicate1 b spiritless1 wood engrav+s ( ! pres5t day4 ,footnote ,,ix-#af3 ,lectures on ,sculpture1 pp4 #agb-aic4 ,) respect to ! direction ( l9es1 x ought at all times to be borne 9 m9d by ! wood engrav]1--& m especially :5 ! l9es are n laid 9 by ! design]1--t !y %\ld be dispos$ s z to d5ote ! peculi> =m ( ! object !y are int5d$ to repres5t4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! limb ( a figure !y ought n to run horizontally or v]tically1--convey+ ! idea ( ei!r a flat surface or ( a h>d cyl9drical =m1--b ) a g5tle curvature suitable to ! %ape & ! degree ( rotundity requir$4 ,a well *os5 l9e makes a great diff]5ce 9 prop]ly repres5t+ an object1 :5 comp>$ ) "o less appropriate1 ?\gh m delicate4 ,! prop] disposition ( l9es w n only express ! =m requir$1 b also produce m col\r z !y approa* ea* o!r 9 approximat+ curves1 z 9 ! foll[+ example1 & ?us repres5t a v>iety ( light & %ade1 )\t ! necessity ( introduc+ o!r l9es cross+ !m1 :i* ought always to be avoid$ 9 small subjects3 if1 h[ev]1 ! figures be l>ge1 x is necess>y to break ! h>d appe>ance ( a s]ies ( su* s+le l9es by cross+ !m ) o!rs m delicate4 ,illu/ration ,9 cutt+ curv$ l9es1 consid]able difficulty is exp]i5c$ by n comm5c+ prop]ly4 ,= in/ance1 if 9 execut+ a s]ies ( su* l9es z are %[n 9 ! prec$+ cut1 ! engrav] comm5ces at ,a1 & works t[>ds ,b1 ! tool w always be apt to cut ?r\gh ! black l9e already =m$2 :]eas by comm5c+ at ,b1 & work+ t[>ds ,a1 ! grav] is always outside ( ! curve1 & consequ5tly nev] t\*es ! l9es previ\sly cut4,,ix-#ag ,?is diff]5ce ought always to be borne 9 m9d :5 engrav+ a s]ies ( curv$ l9es1 z1 by comm5c+ prop]ly1 ! "w is execut$ ) great] fre$om & ease1 :ile ! inconv5i5ce aris+ f slips is avoid$4 ,:5 su* l9es are introduc$ to repres5t ! rotundity ( a limb1 ) a break ( :ite 9 ! middle expressive ( its greate/ prom95ce1 z is %[n 9 ! foll[+ figure ,a1 x is advisable t !y %\ld be fir/ laid 9 z if int5d$ to be cont9u\s1 z is se5 9 figure ,b1 & ! "p :i* appe>s :ite 9 ,a l[]$ out be=e beg9n+ to cut !m1 z by ?is means all risk ( _! disagree+1 z 9 ,c1 w be avoid$4 ,illu/rations3 ,a ,b ,c ,footnote ,,ix-#ag3 ,z ! draw+ is ! rev]se ( ! impression1 x is necess>y to obs]ve t ! motion ( ! grav] 9 ?is case is f "r to left on ! block1--t is1 ! po9t ,b =ms ! beg9n+1 & n ! t]m9ation1 ( ! fir/ l9e :5 ! "w is prop]ly comm5c$4 ,! l9es are repres5t$ 9 ! cut z !y w\ld appe> :5 drawn on a block to be engrav$ 9 ! mann] recomm5d$4 ,! rotundity ( a column or simil> object is repres5t$ by means ( p>allel l9es1 :i* are comp>atively op5 9 ! middle :]e light is requir$1 b :i* are engrav$ clos] & ?ick] t[>ds ! sides to express %ade4 ,! effect ( su* l9es w be r5d]$ m evid5t by comp>+ ! column 9 ! annex$ cut ) ! squ>e base1 :i* is repres5t$ by a s]ies ( equidi/ant l9es1 ea* ( ! same ?ickness z ^? 9 ! middle ( ! column4 ,illu/ration ,_m m examples ( t9ts & simple l9es might be giv52 b1 z no real b5efit w\ld be d]iv$ f !m1 x is ne$less to increase ! numb]1 & make 8mu* ado ab\t no?+40 ,e new subject t ! engrav] comm5ces pres5ts some?+ new = him to effect1 & requires ! ex]cise ( 8 ta/e & judgm5t z to ! be/ mode ( execut+ x1 s t ! :ole may h "s claim to ! "* ( a "w ( art4 ,if a ?\s& examples 7 giv51 !y w\ld n enable an engrav] to execute a subject prop]ly1 unless he 7 end[$ ) t indef9able feel+ :i* at once sugge/s ! be/ means ( atta9+ 8 end4 ,su* feel+ may inde$ be excit$1 b c nev] be p]fectly communicat$ by rules & examples4 ,9 ?is respect e arti/1 :e!r a humble wood engrav]1 or a sculptor or a pa9t] ( ! highe/ class1 mu/ be self-in/ruct$2 ! feel+ display$ 9 8 works mu/ be ! result ( 8 own p]ceptions & ideas ( beauty & propriety4 ,x is ! diff]5ce 9 feel+1 r ?an any great] or less degree ( excell5ce 9 ! me*anical execution1 t di/+ui%es ! pa9t+s ( ,raffaele f ^? ( ,le ,brun1 ,flaxman's /atues f ^? ( ,r\billiac1 & ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? f _m ( ! labori\s inanities ( ! pres5t day4 ,cle>1 unruffl$ wat]1 & all bright & smoo? metallic sub/ances1 are be/ repres5t$ by s+le l9es2 = if cross-l9es be introduc$1 except to indicate a /rong %ad[1 x gives to !m ! appe>ance ( r\ghness1 :i* is n at all 9 accordance ) ! ideas :i* su* sub/ances naturally excite4 ,objects :i* appe> to reflect brilliant fla%es ( light ought to be c>efully dealt )1 leav+ pl5ty ( black z a gr\nd-"w1 = 9 wood engrav+s su* lights c only be effectively repres5t$ by contra/ ) deep col\r4 ,reflect$ lights are 9 g5]al be/ repres5t$ by means ( s+le l9es runn+ 9 ! direction ( ! object1 ) a few t\*es ( :ite judici\sly tak5 out4 ,9 ?is respect ,cl5nell p>ticul>ly excell$ z a wood engrav]4 ,pa9t+ itself c sc>cely repres5t reflect$ lights ) great] effect ?an he has express$ !m 9 sev]al ( 8 cuts4 ,9 ,h>vey's l>ge cut ( ! ,dea? ( ,d5tatus1 aft] ,haydon's noble picture1 ! %ield ( ,d5tatus af=ds an in/ance ( reflect$ light mo/ admirably repres5t$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,z my object is to po9t out to ! un9itiat$ ! me?od ( cutt+ c]ta9 l9es1 r ?an to engage 9 ! fruitless task ( %[+ h[ su* l9es are to be g5]ally appli$1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to (f] a few obs]vations on engrav+ 9 outl9e1 a process ) :i* ! le>n] ought to be well acqua9t$ be=e he attempts subjects consi/+ ( complicat$ l9es4 ,! ^w outl9e 9 wood engrav+ has two mean+s3 x is us$1 fir/1 to d5ote ! di/9ct b\nd>ies ( all k9ds ( objects2 & secondly1 to d5ote ! delicate :ite l9e t is cut r\nd any figure or object 9 ord] to =m a b\nd>y to ! l9es by :i* su* figure or object is surr\nd$1 & to ?us all[ ( _! easi] lib]ation3 x =ms z x 7 a t]m9al furr[ into :i* ! l9es surr\nd+ ! figure run4 ,9 speak+ ( ?is second outl9e 9 future1 x w be di/+ui%$ z ! :ite outl9e2 :ile ! o!r1 :i* prop]ly def9es ! diff]5t figures & =ms1 w be call$ ! true or prop] outl9e1 or simply ! outl9e1 )\t any di/9ctive additional t]m4 ,z ! :ite outl9e ought nev] to be di/9ctly visible 9 an impression1 c>e ought to be tak51 m especially :]e ! adjac5t t9t is d>k1 n to cut x too deep or too wide4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ! two foll[+ cuts1 ! :ite outl9e1 int5tionally cut r wid] ?an is necess>y1 is di/9ctly se5 f its contra/ ) ! d>k p>ts imm$iately 9 contact ) x4 ,9 ! second cut ( ! same subject1 ) a diff]5t back-gr\nd1 x is less visible 9 consequ5ce ( ! p>ts adjac5t be+ light4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 /ill di/9ctly se5 9 ! %ad[ ( ! feet2 b x is %[n "h purposely to po9t out an error :i* is sometimes committ$ by cutt+ a :ite outl9e :]e1 z 9 ^! p>ts1 x is n requir$4 ,! :ite outl9e is "h q unnecess>y1 z ! two blacks ought n to be sep>at$ 9 su* a mann]2 ! prop] int5tion ( ! :ite outl9e is n s mu* to def9e ! =m ( ! figure or object1 b1 z has be5 already expla9$1 to make an incision 9 ! wood z a b\nd>y to o!r l9es com+ aga9/ x1 & to all[ ( _! be+ cle>ly lib]at$ )\t injury to ! prop] outl9e ( ! object3 :5 a l9e is cut to su* a b\nd>y1 ! small %av+ =c$ out by ! grav] becomes imm$iately releas$1 )\t ! po9t ( ! tool com+ 9 contact ) ! true outl9e4 ,! old ,g]man wood engrav]s1 :o *iefly engrav$ l>ge subjects on apple or pe> tree1 & on ! side ( ! wood1 7 n 9 ! habit ( cutt+ a :ite outl9e r\nd _! figures be=e !y began to engrave !m1 & h5ce 9 _! cuts objects frequ5tly appe> to /ick to ea* o!r4 ,! practice is n[1 h[ev]1 s g5]al1 t 9 _m mod]n wood-cuts a :ite l9e is improp]ly se5 surr\nd+ e figure4 ,illu/ration ,9 proce$+ to engrave figures1 x is advisable to comm5ce ) su* z consi/ ( little m ?an outl9e1 & h no %ades express$ by cross-l9es4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 execut+ su* a subject is to cut a :ite l9e on ea* side ( ! p5cill$ l9es :i* are to rema9 9 relief ( ! height ( ! plane surface ( ! block1 & to =m ! impression :5 x is pr9t$4 ,a cut :5 ?us engrav$1 & previ\s to ! p>ts :i* are :ite1 :5 pr9t$1 be+ cut away1 or1 9 te*nical language1 block$ out1 w\ld pres5t ! foll[+ appe>ance4,,ix-#ah ,x is1 h[ev]1 necess>y to obs]ve t all ! p>ts :i* require to be block$ away h be5 purposely reta9$ 9 ?is cut 9 ord] to %[ m cle>ly ! mann] 9 :i* x is execut$2 = ! engrav] usually cuts away z he proce$s all ! black masses se5 )9 ! subject4 ,a wide m>g9 ( solid wood r\nd ! edges ( ! cut is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally all[$ to rema9 until a pro( be tak5 :5 ! engrav+ is f9i%$1 z x af=ds a support to ! pap]1 & prev5ts ! ext]ior l9es ( ! subject f appe>+ too h>d4 ,?is m>g91 :]e room is all[$1 is sep>at$ f ! engrav$ p>ts by a mod]ately deep & wide furr[1 & is cov]$ ) a piece ( pap] s]v+ z a frisket 9 tak+ a pro( impression by means ( friction4 ,9 cle>+ away su* ( ! black p>ts 9 ! prec$+ cut z require to be remov$1 x is necess>y to proce$ ) great c>e 9 ord] to avoid break+ d[n or cutt+ ?r\gh ! l9es :i* are to be left 9 relief4 ,:5 ! cut is prop]ly cle>$ out & block$ away1 x is !n f9i%$1 & :5 pr9t$ w appe> ?us3 ,footnote ,,ix-#ah3 ,! subject ( ?is cut is ! beautiful monum5t to ! memory ( two *ildr5 execut$ by ,sir ,f4 ,*antrey1 9 ,li*field ,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,sculptures & bas-reliefs ( any k9d are g5]ally be/ repres5t$ by simple outl9es1 ) delicate p>allel l9es1 runn+ horizontally1 to repres5t ! gr\nd4 ,! foll[+ cut is f a design by ,flaxman = ! front ( a gold snuff-box made by ,rundell & ,bridge = ,george ,,iv4 ab\t #ahbg4 ,! subject ( ?is design 0 int5d$ to commemorate ! ,g5]al ,peace conclud$ 9 #ahad3 to ! left ,agriculture is se5 fl\ri%+ "u ! auspices ( ,peace2 :ile to ! "r a y\?ful figure is se5 plac+ a wrea? above ! helmet ( a w>rior2 ! trophy indicates 8 s]vices1 & opposite to him is seat$ a figure ( ,victory4 ,! ?ree o!r sides1 & ! top & bottom1 7 also embelli%$ ) figures & ornam5ts 9 relief design$ by ,flaxman4 ,! :ole ( ! dies 7 cut 9 /eel by ,h5n+ & ,son--s well kn[n to admir]s ( art f _! beautiful r$uc$ copies & re/orations ( ! sculptures ( ! ,p>!non pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum--& f ^! dies ! plates ( gold compos+ ! box 7 /ruck1 s t ! figures appe> 9 slight relief4 ,a blank space 0 left 9 ! top ( ! box = an enamel portrait ( ! ,k+1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds ins]t$1 surr\nd$ ) diamonds1 & ! m>g9 ( ! lid 0 also ornam5t$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,?is box is p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ( ! k9d ev] execut$ 9 any c\ntry3 x may ju/ly *all5ge a comp>ison ) ! dr9k+ cups by ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 ! dagg] hafts design$ by ,dur]1 or ! salts by ,hans ,holbe94 ,! process ( engrav+ 9 ?is /yle is extremely simple1 z x is only necess>y to leave ! l9es drawn 9 p5cil unt\*$1 & to cut away ! wood on ea* side ( !m4 ,an amateur may )\t mu* tr\ble tea* himself to execute cuts 9 ?is mann]1 or to engrave fac-similes ( small p5-&-ink sket*es su* z ! annex$4,,ix-#ai ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,ix-#ai3 ,?is small cut is a fac-simile1 ! size ( ! orig9al1 ( ,sir ,david ,wilkie's fir/ sket* = 8 picture ( ! ,rabbit on ! ,wall4 ,hav+ n[ expla9$ ! mode ( proc$ure 9 outl9e engrav+1 x seems necess>y1 be=e proce$+ to speak ( m complicat$ subjects1 to say a few words respect+ draw+s made on ! block2 =1 h[ev] well ! engrav+ may be execut$1 ! cut :i* is a fac-simile ( a bad draw+ c nev] be a good "o4 ,an arti/'s k ( draw+ is put to ! te/ :5 he beg9s to make designs on wood2 he _c resort1 z 9 pa9t+1 to ! trick ( col\r to conceal ! defects ( 8 outl9es4 ,to be effici5t 9 ! engrav+1 8 pr9cipal figures mu/ be di/9ctly made out2 a draw+ on ! wood admits ( no scumbl+2 black & :ite are ! only means by :i* ! subject c be repres5t$2 & if he be ignorant ( ! prop] managem5t ( *i>o-scuro1 & incorrect & feeble 9 8 draw+1 he w n be able to produce a really good design = ! wood engrav]4 ,_m p]sons c pa9t a tol]ably good picture :o are utt]ly incapable ( mak+ a passable draw+ on wood4 ,_! draw+ w n /& ! te/ ( simple black & :ite2 !y c indicate g5]alities 8indiff]5tly well0 by means ( positive col\rs1 b !y _c del9eate individual =ms correctly ) ! black-lead p5cil4 ,x is f ?is cause t we h s v few p]sons :o pr(ess$ly make designs = wood engrav]s2 & h5ce ! sam5ess ( "* t is to be f\nd 9 s _m mod]n wood-cuts4 ,x is n unusual = _m second & ?ird rate pa9t]s1 :5 appli$ to = a draw+ = a wood-cut1 to speak slight+ly ( ! art1 & to decl9e to furni% ! design requir$4 ,?is g5]ally results r f a consci\sness ( _! own incapacity ?an f any real contempt = ! art4 ,z great] pa9t]s ?an any n[ liv+ h made designs = wood engrav]s 9 =m] times1 a second or ?ird rate pa9t] ( ! pres5t day surely c\ld n be mu* degrad$ by do+ ! same4 ,! true reason = ! refusal1 h[ev]1 is g5]ally to be f\nd 9 su* pa9t]'s incapacity4 ,! two next cuts1 bo? drawn f ! same sket*1,,ix-#bj b by diff]5t p]sons1 w %[ h[ mu* dep5ds ^u hav+ a good1 arti/-l draw+4 ,! fir/ is meagre2 ! second1 on ! contr>y1 is rem>kably spirit$1 & ! additional l9es :i* are introduc$ n only give effect to ! figure1 b also 9 pr9t+ =m a support to ! m delicate p>ts ( ! outl9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,no #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 ,footnote ,,ix-#bj3 ,! orig9al sket*1 f :i* ! figure 0 copi$1 is by ,morl&4 ,?\gh a le>n] 9 proce$+ f "o subject to ano!r m complicat$ w d\btless meet ) difficulties :i* may occasionally damp 8 ard\r1 yet he w enc\nt] none :i* w n yield to e>ne/ p]sev]ance4 ,z x is n likely t any amateur practis+ ! art m]ely = amusem5t w\ld be incl9$ to te/ 8 pati5ce by proce$+ beyond outl9e engrav+1 ! succe$+ rem>ks are m especially address$ to ^? :o may wi% to apply !mselves to wood engrav+ z a pr(ession4 ,:5 beg9n+ to engrave 9 outl9e1 x is advisable t ! subjects fir/ attempt$ %\ld be ( ! mo/ simple k9d1--simil>1 = in/ance1 to ! prec$+ figure m>k$ ,no4 #a4 ,:5 facility 9 execut+ cuts 9 ?is /yle is obta9$1 ! le>n] may proce$ to engrave su* z are slightly %ad$1 & h a back-gr\nd indicat$ z 9 ,no4 #b4 ,he may next proce$ to subjects conta9+ a great] v>iety ( l9es1 & requir+ great] neatness ( execution1 b %\ld by no means endeav\r to get on too fa/ by attempt+ to d mu* be=e he c d a little well4 ,:atev] k9d ( subject be *os51 p>ticul> att5tion ought to be paid to ! causes ( failure & success 9 ! execution4 ,by dilig5tly not+ :at produces a good effect 9 c]ta9 subjects1 he w1 "u simil> circum/ances1 be prep>$ to apply ! same means2 & by att5d+ to ! faults 9 8 "w he w be ! m c>eful to avoid !m 9 future4 ,! gr\p ( figures "h1 select$ f ,sir ,david ,wilkie's picture ( ! ,r5t ,day1 w s]ve z an example ( a cut execut$ by comp>atively simple means2 ! subject is also su* a "o z a pupil may attempt aft] he has made "s progress 9 engrav+ slightly %ad$ figures4 ,!re are no complicat$ l9es :i* are difficult to execute2 ! hat*+s are few1 & ( simple "*2 & = ! execution ( ! :ole1 z "h repres5t$1 no?+ is requir$ b a feel+ = ! subject2 & a mod]ate degree ( skill 9 ! use ( ! grav]1 comb9$ ) pati5t application4 ,illu/ration ,:5 ! pupil is ?us f> advanc$1 he ought1 9 subjects ( ?is k9d1 to avoid introduc+ m "w1 m especially 9 ! features1 ?an he c execute ) comp>ative facility & precision2 =1 by attempt+ to atta9 excell5ce be=e he has arriv$ at m$iocrity1 he w be v likely to fail1 & in/ead ( hav+ reason to congratulate himself on 8 success1 exp]i5ce no?+ b disappo9tm5t4 ,to make wood engrav+ an int]e/+1 in/ead ( an irksome /udy to "y p]sons1 ,i w\ld recomm5d = _! practice n only su* subjects z are likely to engage _! att5tion1 b also su* z !y may be able to f9i% be=e !y become we>y ( _! task4 ,at ?is p]iod e endeav\r ought to be made to smoo? ! pupil's way by giv+ him su* subjects to execute z w r s]ve to /imulate 8 ex]tions ?an exhau/ 8 pati5ce4 ,little *>act]i/ic figures1 l ! "o "h copi$1 f "o ( ,hog>?'s plates ( ! ,f\r ,p>ts ( ! ,day1 seem mo/ suitable = ?is purpose4 ,a subject ( ?is k9d does n conta9 s mu* "w z to r5d] a "y p]son tir$ ( x be=e x be f9i%$2 :ile at ! same "t x s]ves to ex]cise him 9 ! practice ( ! art & to engage 8 att5tion4 ,illu/ration ,:5 a pupil feels no int]e/ 9 :at he is employ$ on1 he w seldom execute 8 "w well2 & :5 he is kept too long 9 engrav+ subjects t m]ely try 8 pati5ce1 he is apt to lose all ta/e = ! art1 & become a m]e me*anical cutt] ( l9es1 )\t c>+ = :at !y express4 ,su* a cut z ! foll[+--copi$ f an et*+ by ,rembr&t--w =m a useful ex]cise to ! pupil1 aft] he has atta9$ facility 9 ! execution ( outl9e subjects1 :ile at ! same "t x w s]ve to display ! excell5t effect 9 wood engrav+s ( well contra/$ light & %ade4 ,! hog--:i* is "h ! pr9cipal object-- imm$iately arre/s ! eye1 :ile ! figures 9 ! back-gr\nd1 be+ introduc$ m]ely to aid ! composition & =m a m$ium betwe5 ! d>k col\r ( ! animal & ! :ite pap]1 consi/ ( little m ?an outl9e1 & are comp>atively light4 ,9 engrav+ ! hog1 x is necess>y to ex]cise a little judgm5t 9 repres5t+ ! bri/ly hair1 & 9 t\*+ ! details effectively4 ,illu/ration ,:5 a le>n] has made "s progress1 he may attempt su* a cut z t on ! next page 9 ord] to ex]cise himself 9 ! appropriate repres5tation ( animal texture4 ,! subject is a dray-horse1 =m]ly belong+ to ,messrs4 ,meux & ,co41 & ! draw+ 0 made on ! block by ,james ,w>d1 ,r4,a41 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ animal pa9t]s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,su* a cut1 ?\gh execut$ by simple means1 af=ds an excell5t te/ ( a le>n]'s skill & discrim9ation3 ! hide is smoo? & glossy2 ! mane is ?ick & tangl$2 ! long fl[+ hair ( ! tail has to be repres5t$ 9 a prop] mann]2 & ! m>k+s ( ! jo9ts require ! ex]cise ( bo? judgm5t & skill4 ,by att5d+ to su* di/9ctions at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 c>e]1 he w f9d less difficulty 9 repres5t+ objects by appropriate texture :5 he %all h made great] progress1 & w n be entirely dep5d5t on a design] to lay 9 = him e l9e4 ,an engrav] :o requires e l9e to be drawn1 & :o is only capable ( execut+ a fac-simile ( a design made = him on ! block1 c nev] excel4 ,illu/ration ,z en\gh p]haps has be5 said 9 explanation ( ! mann] ( cutt+ t9ts1 & ( figures *iefly repres5t$ by s+le l9es1 ,i %all n[ give a cut--,jacob bless+ ! *ildr5 ( ,joseph--9 :i* s+le-l9$ figures & t9t are comb9$4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve t ?is cut is n introduc$ z a good specim5 ( engrav+1 b z be+ well adapt$1 f ! simplicity ( its execution1 to illu/rate :at ,i h to say4 ,! figures are repres5t$ by s+le l9es1 :i* require ! ex]cise ( no great degree ( skill2 & by ! introduction ( a v>i$ t9t z a back-gr\nd ! cut appe>s l a complete subject1 & n l a sket*1 or a deta*$ gr\p4 ,x is necess>y to rem>k "h1 t :5 comp>atively light objects1 su* z ! figures "h se51 are to be reliev$ by a t9t ( any k9d1 :e!r d>k] or light]1 su* objects are n[ g5]ally sep>at$ f x by a black outl9e4 ,! reason = leav+ su* an outl9e 9 p>ts :]e ! conjunction ( ! t9t & ! figures does n r5d] x absolutely necess>y is ?is3 z ^? p>ts 9 a cut :i* appe> :ite 9 ! impression are to be cut away--z has already be5 expla9$1--x frequ5tly happ5s t :5 !y are cut away fir/1 & ! t9t cut aft]w>ds1 ! wood breaks away ne> ! t]m9ation ( ! l9e be=e ! tool arrives at ! blank or :ite4 ,x is1 !re=e1 extremely difficult to pres]ve a di/9ct outl9e 9 ?is mann]1 & h5ce a black conv5tional outl9e is introduc$ 9 ^? p>ts :]e prop]ly !re ought to be none1 except su* z is =m$ by ! t9t reliev+ aga9/ ! :ite p>ts1 z is se5 9 ! back "p ( ! head ( ,jacob 9 ! pres5t cut1 :]e !re is no o!r outl9e ?an t :i* is =m$ by ! t9t reliev+ aga9/ 8 :ite cap4 ,bewick us$ to execute all 8 subjects 9 ?is mann]2 b he n unfrequ5tly c>ri$ ?is pr9ciple too f>1 n only runn+ ! l9es ( 8 t9ts into ! :ite on ! light side ( 8 figures1--t is1 on ! side on :i* ! light falls1--b also on bo? sides ( a light object4 ,illu/ration ,be=e dismiss+ ?is "p ( ! subject1 x is necess>y to obs]ve fur!r1 t :5 ! :ite p>ts are cut away be=e ! t9t is introduc$1 ! conv5tional black outl9e is v liable to be cut ?r\gh by ! tool slipp+4 ,?is w be r5d]$ m intelligible by an inspection ( ! foll[+ cut1,,ix-#ba :]e ! h\se is se5 f9i%$1 & ! "p :]e a t9t is int5d$ to be subsequ5tly engrav$ appe>s black4 ,any p]son 9 ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) ! practice ( wood engrav+1 w p]ceive1 t %\ld ! tool happ5 to slip :5 ne> ! f9i%$ p>ts1 9 com+ directly t[>ds !m1 x w be v likely to cut ! outl9e ?r\gh1 & to make a brea* 9 proportion z su* outl9e may be ?91 & ?us yield m readily to ! =ce ( ! tool4 ,footnote ,,ix-#ba3 ,9 ?is cut ! :ite outl9e1 m5tion$ at page #ehg1 is di/9ctly se5 at ! top ( ! build+s & above ! trees4 ,illu/ration ,:5 ! t9t is cut fir/1 in/ead ( be+ left to be execut$ la/1 z x w\ld be 9 ! prec$+ cut1 ! mass ( wood out ( :i* ! h\se is subsequ5tly engrav$ s]ves z a k9d ( b>ri] to ! tool 9 ! ev5t ( its slipp+1 & all[s ( ! t9t be+ cut ) less risk q up to ! :ite outl9e4 ,by att5d+ to su* matt]s1 & consid]+ :at "p ( a subject c be mo/ safely execut$ fir/1 a le>n] w bo? avoid ! risk ( cutt+ ?r\gh 8 outl9e1 & be enabl$ to execute 8 "w ) comp>ative facility4 ,! foll[+ cut is an example ( ! t9t be+ cut fir/4 ,= ! in=mation ( ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! process ( wood engrav+1 x is necess>y to rem>k t ! p>ts :i* appe> positively black are ^? :i* rema9 unt\*$ by ! grav]4 ,illu/ration ,! foll[+ subject1 copi$ f "o ( ,rembr&t's et*+s1 is *iefly repres5t$ by black l9es cross+ ea* o!r4 ,su* l9es1 usually t]m$ cross-hat*+s1 are execut$ ) great facility 9 copp] & /eel1 :]e !y are cut into ! metal2 b 9 wood engrav+1 :]e !y are left 9 relief1 x requires consid]able "t & att5tion to execute !m ) delicacy & precision4 ,9 ord] to expla9 m cle>ly ! difficulty ( execut+ cross-hat*+s1 let x be conceiv$ t ?is cut is a draw+ made on a block1 & t ! engrav]'s object is to produce a fac-simile ( x3 n[1 z ea* black l9e is to be left 9 relief1 x is evid5t t he _c imitate ! cross-hat*+s se5 9 ! arms1 ! neck1 & o!r p>ts1 by cutt+ ! l9es cont9u\sly z 9 engrav+ on copp]1 :i* puts black 9 by means ( an incision1 :ile 9 wood engrav+ a simil> l9e takes x out4 ,z ! wood engrav]1 !n1 c only obta9 :ite by cutt+ out ! p>ts t are to appe> s 9 ! impression1 :ile ! black is to be left 9 relief1 ! only mann] 9 :i* he is enabl$ to repres5t cross-hat*+s1 or black l9es cross+ ea* o!r1 is to cut out s+ly ) 8 grav] e "o ( ! :ite int]/ices4 ,su* an op]ation1 z w be evid5t f an inspection ( ?is cut1 necess>ily requires n only pati5ce1 b also consid]able skill to p]=m x 9 a prop] mann]1--t is1 to cut ea* :ite space cleanly out1 & to pres]ve ! l9es ( a regul> ?ickness4 ,f ! suppos$ impossibility ( execut+ su* cross l9es1 x has be5 conjectur$ t _m ( ! old wood-cuts conta9+ su* "w 7 engrav$ 9 metallic relief3 ?is op9ion1 h[ev]1 is suffici5tly refut$1 by ! fact ( hundr$s ( blocks conta9+ cross-hat*+s be+ /ill 9 exi/5ce1 & by ! mu* m delicate & difficult "w ( ! same k9d display$ 9 mod]n wood engrav+s4 ,n only are cross-hat*+s ( ! greate/ delicacy n[ execut$ 9 ,engl&1 b to su* a degree ( ref9em5t is ! process occasionally c>ri$1 t small black t\*es--su* z may be p]ceiv$ 9 ! prec$+ cut 9 ! folds ( ! sleeve above ! elb[ ( ! "r arm--are left 9 ! :ite int]/ices betwe5 ! l9es4 ,cross-hat*+s1 :]e ! int]/ices are entirely :ite1 are execut$ by means ( a loz5ge-po9t$ tool1 & ! piece ( wood is remov$ at two cuts1 ea* beg9n+ at ! opposite angles4 ,:]e a small black t\* is left )9 ! int]/ices1 ! op]ation becomes m difficult1 & is p]=m$ by cutt+ r\nd su* m9ute t\* ( black ) a f9ely po9t$ grav]4 ,illu/ration ,! v>i\s conjectures t h be5 prop\nd$ respect+ ! mode 9 :i* cross-hat*+s h be5 effect$ 9 old wood-cuts require no argum5t to refute !m1 z !y are directly contradict$ bo? by und\bt$ hi/orical facts1 & by e day's exp]i5ce4 ,vegetable putties1 pun*es1 & metallic relief are no?+ b ! trifl+ speculations ( p]sons :o are fond] ( prop\nd+ !ories to display _! own +5uity ?an will+ to inve/igate facts 9 ord] to arrive at ! tru?4 ,x has happ5$ r un=tunately1 t mo/ p]sons :o h hi!rto writt5 ^u ! subject h kn[n v little ab\t ! practice ( wood engrav+1 & h n ?\ght x wor? _! :ile to consult ^? :o 7 able to give !m in=mation4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no fe> n[ ( a "y wood engrav] be+ det]r$ f attempt+ cross-hat*+s on le>n+ f c]ta9 h]et(ore au?orities on ! subject t su* "w c\ld n be execut$ on wood4 ,he n[ laughs at vegetable putties1 squ>e-po9t$ pun*es = ind5t+ ! block to produce cross-hat*+s1 & metallic relief3 by means ( 8 grav] alone he produces a practical refutation ( e baseless !ory t has be5 prop\nd$ on ! subject4 ,! "r leg ( ,d5tatus 9 ,mr4 ,h>vey's l>ge wood engrav+ aft] ,mr4 ,haydon's picture is p]haps ! mo/ beautiful specim5 ( cross-hat*+ t ev] 0 execut$ on wood2 &1 9 my op9ion1 x is ! be/ engrav$ "p ( ! :ole subject4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,h>vey1 ,i h obta9$ a ca/ ( ?is portion ( ! block1 f :i* ! pres5t impression is pr9t$4 ,! l9es %[+ ! muscul> rotundity & action ( ! limb are z admirably laid 9 z !y are beautifully engrav$4 ,9 ! wid] & /rong] cross-hat*+s ( ! drap]y above1 ! small black t\*es previ\sly m5tion$ are p]ceiv$ 9 ! loz5ge-%ap$ int]/ices4 ,illu/ration ,f an op9ion t ! excell5ce ( an engrav+ consi/s *iefly 9 ! difficulty ( its execution1 we n[ frequ5tly f9d cross-hat*+s 9 sev]al mod]n wood-cuts1 m especially 9 su* z are manufactur$ = ! ,fr5* m>ket1 :]e a bett] effect w\ld h be5 produc$ by simpl] means4 ,cross-hat*+s1 prop]ly introduc$1 und\bt$ly improve a subject2 & "s p>ts ( l>ge figures1 su* z ! leg ( ,d5tatus1 _c be well express$ )\t _! aid1 z a s]ies ( curv$ l9es on a limb1 :5 n cross$1 g5]ally cause x to appe> /iff & rigid4 ,by cross+ !m1 h[ev]1 by o!r l9es prop]ly laid 91 ! "p assumes a mo/ s(t & natural appe>ance4 ,z ! greate/ advantage :i* wood engrav+ possesses ov] copp] is ! effective mann] 9 :i* /rongly contra/$ light & %ade c be repres5t$1 ,rembr&t's et*+s1--:i*1 l 8 pa9t+s1 are di/+ui%$ by ! skilful managem5t ( ! *i>o-scuro--=m excell5t /udies = ! engrav] or design] on wood :o %\ld wi% to become well acqua9t$ ) ! capabilities ( ! art4 ,a delicate wood-cut1 execut$ 9 imitation ( a smoo? /eel-engrav+ ( 8sob] grey0 tone1 is sure to be tame & insipid2 & :5ev] wood engrav]s attempt to give to _! cuts ! appe>ance ( copp] or /eel-plates1 & neglect ! peculi> advantages ( _! own art1 !y are sure to fail1 not)/&+ ! pa9s !y may be/[4 ,_! "w1 in/ead ( be+ comm5d$ z a successful application ( ! peculi> means ( ! art1 is 9 effect condemn$ by be+ reg>d$ z 8a clev] imitation ( a copp]-plate40 ,illu/ration ,! above cut ( ,*ri/ & ! ,woman ( ,sam>ia1 copi$ f an et*+ by ,rembr&t1 w p]haps m =cibly illu/rate :at has be5 said ) respect to wood engrav+ be+ excell5tly adapt$ to effectively express /rong contra/s ( light & %ade4 ,! orig9al et*+--:i* has be5 fai?fully copi$--is a good example ( ,rembr&t's consummate skill 9 ! managem5t ( *i>o-scuro2 ev]y?+ t he has wi%$ to =cibly express imm$iately arre/s ! eye1 :ile 9 ! :ole design no?+ appe>s abrupt4 ,! extremes ( light & %ade conc5tre 9 ! pr9cipal figure1 t ( ,*ri/1 & to ?is ev]y?+ else 9 ! composition is ei!r subord9ate or accessory4 ,! middle t9t "u ! ar*$ passage =ms a m$ium betwe5 ! d>kness ( ,*ri/'s robe & ! %ade "u ! curve ( ! ne>e/ ar*1 & ! light 9 ! front ( 8 figure is gradually c>ri$ (f to ! left ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! woman & ! di/ant build+s1 :i* gradually approa* to ! col\r ( ! pap]4 ,7 a t9t1 h[ev] delicate1 introduc$ 9 ?is subject to repres5t ! sky1 ! effect w\ld be de/roy$2 ! p>ts :i* are n[ s effective w\ld appe> spott$ & confus$1 & h a crude1 unf9i%$ appe>ance4 ,by ! injudici\s introduction ( a t9t$ sky _m wood-cuts1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be /rik+ & effective1 are q spoil$4 ,x b too frequ5tly happ5s :5 works are illu/rat$ ) wood-cuts1 t subjects are *os5 :i* ! art _c successfully repres5t4 ,:e!r ! "w to be illu/rat$ be matt] ( fact or fiction1 ! design]1 unless he be acqua9t$ bo? ) ! capabilities & defects ( ! art1 seldom ?9ks ( m ?an mak+ a draw+ accord+ to 8 own fancy1 & nev] takes into consid]ation ! means by :i* x has to be execut$4 ,to ?is inatt5tion may be trac$ _m failures 9 works illu/rat$ ) wood-cuts1 & = :i* ! engrav] is c5sur$1 al?\gh he may h1 ) great c>e & skill1 accompli%$ all t ! art c\ld effect4 ,an arti/ :o is desir\s t 8 designs1 :5 engrav$ on wood1 %\ld appe> l impressions f ov]-done /eel-plates1 ought nev] to be employ$ to make draw+s = wood engrav]s3 he does n und]/& ! peculi> advantages ( ! art1 & 8 designs w only h a t5d5cy to br+ x into contempt1 :ile ^? :o execute !m w be blam$ = ! defects :i* are ! result ( 8 want ( k4 ,delicate wood engrav+s :i* are made to look well 9 a pro( on ,india pap] by rubb+ ! ink p>tially (f ! block 9 ! light] p>ts--9 ! mann] describ$ by ,papillon at page #dff--;g5]ally pres5t a v diff]5t appe>ance :5 pr9t$1 ei!r ) or )\t types 9 ! same page4 ,l9es :i* are cut too ?9 are v liable to turn d[n 9 pr9t+ f _! want ( support2 & h5ce cuts consi/+ *iefly ( su* l9es are seldom s durable z ^? :i* display m black1 & are execut$ 9 a m bold & effective /yle4 ,a design] :o und]/&s ! peculi>ities ( wood engrav+ w avoid introduc+ delicate l9es 9 p>ts :]e !y receive no support f o!rs ( great] /r5g? or clos5ess ne> to !m1 b are expos$ to ! unmitigat$ =ce ( ! press4 ,cuts 9 proportion to ! quantity ( col\r :i* !y display are s mu* ! bett] enabl$ to be> ! action ( ! press2 ! delicate l9es :i* !y conta91 f _! receiv+ support f ! o!rs1 are n only less liable to break d[n1 b1 f _! contra/ ) ! d>k] p>ts ( ! subject1 appe> to great] advantage ?an 9 a cut :i* is ( a uni=mly grey tone4 ,i am n1 h[ev]1 ! advocate ( black1 & little else1 9 a wood-cut2 on ! contr>y1 ,i am p]fectly aw>e ( ! absurdity ( introduc+ pat*es ( black )\t ei!r mean+ or effect4 ,:at ,i wi% to inculcate is1 t a wood-cut to h a good effect mu/ conta9 m ( prop]ly contra/$ black & :ite ?an ^? :o wi% _! cuts to appe> l imitations ( /eel or copp]-plate engrav+s are will+ to all[4 ,z wood engrav+ is n well adapt$ to repres5t subjects requir+ great delicacy ( l9es & v>iety ( t9ts1 su* w be g5]ally avoid$ by a design] :o und]/&s ! art2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 he w avail himself ( its advantages 9 repres5t+ well contra/$ light & %ade 9 a mann] sup]ior to ei!r copp]-plate or /eel engrav+4 ,( all mod]n engrav]s on wood1 none und]/ood ! advantages ( _! art 9 ?is respect bett] ?an ,bewick & ,cl5nell3 ! cuts ( _! engrav+ are g5]ally ! mo/ effective t h ev] be5 execut$4 ,night-pieces1 :]e ! light is se5 proce$+ f a lant]n1 a lamp1 or any o!r lum9\s object1 c be well repres5t$ by means ( wood engrav+1 al?\gh su* subjects are v seldom attempt$4 ,an engrav$ wood-block1 :i* conta9s a consid]able proportion ( positive black1 pr9ts mu* bett] ?an a copp]-plate engrav+ ( ! same k9d2 9 ! =m] ! ink is di/ribut$ ( an ev5 ?ickness ov] ! surface1 & is ev5ly press$ ^u ! pap]2 9 ! latt] ! ink =ms a little pool 9 ! holl[$ p>ts1 &1 in/ead ( be+ ev5ly tak5 up by ! pap] :i* is press$ into x1 adh]es only p>tially1 ?us giv+ 9 ! correspond+ p>ts a blurr$ appe>ance to ! impression4 ,= ! effective repres5tation ( su* sc5es z ,meg ,m]rilies wat*+ by a feeble light ! dy+ /ruggles ( a smuggl]1 or ,dirk ,hatt]ick 9 ! ,cave1 f ,sir ,walt] ,scott's ,guy ,mann]+1 wood engrav+ is peculi>ly adapt$1--t is1 suppos+ ! design]1 9 addition to possess+ a k ( *i>o-scuro1 to be also capable ( draw+ correctly1 & ( treat+ ! subject ) prop] feel+4 ,"s idea ( ! capability ( ! art 9 ?is respect may be =m$ f ! foll[+ cut--! ,flight into ,egypt1--copi$ f an et*+ by ,rembr&t4 ,! m]e "w 9 ?is cut is ( a v simple "*2 !re are no l9es ( difficult execution2 & ! only p>ts t are l[]$ are ^? :i* repres5t ! rays ( light se5 proce$+ f ! lant]n4 ,illu/ration ,z ! wood engrav] c always get 8 subject light]1 b _c reproduce ! black :i* he has cut away1 he ought to be c>eful n to get 8 subject too light be=e he has tak5 a pro(2 & ev5 9 r$uc+ ! col\r accord+ to ! t\*+s ( ! design] on ! pro(1 he ought to proce$ ) great circumspection2 & :]e 8 own judgm5t in=ms him t to take out all ! black m>k$ = excision w\ld be to spoil ! cut1 ! safe/ mode w\ld be to take out only a "p1 & n remove all at once2 = by /rictly adh]+ to ! directions ( an arti/ :o kn[s v little ( ! real advantages ( wood engrav+1 x w n unfrequ5tly happ5 t ! cut s am5d$ w to himself1 :5 pr9t$1 appe> worse ?an x did 9 its fir/ /ate4 ,9 ! foll[+ cut too mu* has be5 done 9 ?is respect2 x has be5 t\*$ & ret\*$ s (t51 9 ord] to make x appe> delicate1 t ! _s ( ! orig9al draw+ has be5 entirely lo/4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! fault 0 n t ( ! arti/1 b ( ! engrav]1 :o 8w\ld n let well alone20 b1 9 ord] to improve 8 "w1 z he fanci$1 kept trimm+ ! p>ts :i* gave effect to ! :ole till he made x :at x n[ appe>s4 ,s f> z relates to ! execution ( ! l9es1 ! subject ne$ n h be5 bett]2 b1 f ! engrav]'s hav+ tak5 away too mu* col\r 9 places :]e x 0 necess>y1 ! :ole has ! appe>ance ( middle t9t1 ! excell5ce ( ! orig9al draw+ is lo/1 & 9 its /ead we h a dull1 mi/y1 spiritless wood engrav+4 ,illu/ration ,9 e cut !re ought to be a pr9cipal object to fir/ arre/ ! att5tion2 & if ?is _c be effect$ f want ( int]e/ 9 su* object consid]$ s+ly1 ! design] ought to make ! g5]al subject pleas+ to ! eye by skilful composition or comb9ation ( =ms1 & ! effective di/ribution ( light & %ade4 ,illu/ration ,! prec$+ cut--a moonlight sc5e--:5 comp>$ ) ! previ\s "o1 w %[ h[ mu* dep5ds on an engrav] hav+ a prop] feel+ = 8 subject4 ,s f> z relates to ! m]e execution ( ! l9es1 ?is cut is decid$ly inf]ior to ! =m]2 b1 view$ z a production ( art1 & z a spirit$ repres5tation ( ! orig9al draw+1 x is v mu* sup]ior3 9 ! =m] we see little m ?an me*anical dext]ity2 :ile 9 ! latt] we p]ceive t ! engrav] has1 f a great] k ( 8 art1 produc$ a pleas+ effect by comp>atively simple means4 ,! =m] cut displays m me*anical skill2 ! latt] m arti/ic feel+4 ,! "o conta9s mu* delicate "w1 b is defici5t 9 _s2 ! o!r1 :i* has be5 produc$ ) little m ?an half ! lab\r1 is m effective because ! subject has be5 bett] und]/ood4 ,! foll[+ cut1 repres5t+ a l&scape1 ) ! effect ( ! sett+ sun1 displays great delicacy ( execution2 b ! lab\r "h is n ?r[n away1 z 9 ! sea-piece j m5tion$3 manual dext]ity 9 ! use ( ! grav] is comb9$ ) ! k ( an arti/1 & ! result is a wood engrav+ at once delicate 9 execution & spirit$ 9 its g5]al effect4 ,illu/ration ,a volume might be fill$ ) examples & comm5ts on !m1 & ,i might1 l ,papillon1 in/ruct ! read] 9 ! practice ( ! art1 by in=m+ him h[ _m times ! grav] w\ld h to ent] ! wood 9 ord] to produce a c]ta9 numb] ( l9es 9 relief2 b ,i h no incl9ation to d ei!r ! "o or ! o!r3 my object is to make a few obs]vations on "s ( ! mo/ important & lea/ und]/ood po9ts 9 ! practice ( wood engrav+1 & to illu/rate !m ) examples1 r ?an to ent] into m9ute details1 :i* w\ld be un9t]e/+ to ! g5]al read]1 & useless to ! le>n] :o has made any progress 9 ! art4 ,! p]son :o wi%es to acquire a k ( wood engrav+1 ) ! view ( practis+ x pr(essionally1 mu/ g5]ally be guid$ by 8 own judgm5t & feel+2 = he :o requires ! aid ( rules & examples 9 e possible case w nev] atta9 excell5ce4 ,a le>n] ought n to put mu* tru/ 9 :at is said ab\t ! beautiful wood-cuts--or plates1 z "s critics call !m--:i* appe> 9 mod]n publications4 ,he ought to exam9e = himself1 & n p9 8 fai? to ephem]al comm5dations1 :i* are (t5 ! cu/om>y ackn[l$gm5t = a pres5tation copy ( ! "w4 ,x is n unusual to f9d v ord9>y wood-cuts prais$ z display+ ! v p]fection ( ! art1 :ile o!rs ( mu* great] m]it are entirely ov]look$4 ,! p]son :o wi%es to excel z a wood engrav]1--t is1 to display 9 8 cuts ! k & feel+ ( an arti/1 z well z ! me*anical dext]ity ( a workman1--ought always to be> 9 m9d t ^? :o rank highe/ 9 mod]n times1 n only z engrav]s1 b also z design]s on wood1 h g5]ally adopt$ ! simple/ means ( effect+ _! purpose1 & h nev] introduc$ unmean+ cross-hat*+s1 :5 work+ f _! own draw+s1 m]ely to display _! skill 9 execution4 ,9 repres5t+ a peasant supp+ 8 porridge1 !y h n sp5t a day on ! figure1 & two 9 delicately engrav+ ! b[l4 ,x may almo/ be said t ,bewick nev] employ$ cross-hat*+s2 =1 9 ! two or ?ree in/ances 9 :i* he introduc$ su* l9es1 x has be5 r = ! sake ( exp]im5t ?an to improve ! appe>ance ( ! cut4 ,?\gh "o ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( ?is k9d ( "w ev] execut$ on wood is to be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,h>vey's cut ( ,d5tatus1 yet1 on o!r occasions1 :5 he engrav$ 8 own designs1 he seldom introduc$ cross-hat*+s :5 he c\ld accompli% ! same object by simpl] means4 ,a wood engrav+1 view$ z a "w ( art1 is n good 9 proportion z _m ( its p>ts h ! appe>ance ( f9e lace4 ,bewick's birds & tail-pieces are n1 9 my op9ion1 less excell5t because !y d n display s mu* "w z a mod]n wood-cut :i* conta9s num]\s cross-hat*+s4 ,sev]al ( ! be/ ,fr5* design]s on wood ( ! pres5t day appe> to h =m$ errone\s op9ions on ?is subject2 & h5ce we f9d 9 _m ( _! designs mu* ( ! engrav]'s "t sp5t 9 ! execution ( p>ts :i* are unimportant1 :ile o!rs1 :]e expression or feel+ ought to be %[n1 are treat$ 9 a c>eless mann]4 ,_m ( _! designs seem to h be5 made r to te/ ! pati5ce ( ! engrav] z a workman ?an to display 8 ability z an arti/4 ,! foll[+ cut1 f a ca/ ( a "p ( ! ,dea? ( ,d5tatus1 is introduc$ to %[ 9 h[ simple & effective a mann] ,mr4 ,h>vey has repres5t$ ! %ield ( ! h]o4 ,an inf]ior arti/ w\ld be v likely to repres5t su* an object by means ( complicat$ l9es1 :i*1 :ile !y w\ld be less effective1 w\ld require ne>ly a week to engrave4 ,illu/ration ,consid]+ ! numb] ( wood engrav+s t are ye>ly execut$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 x is r surpris+ t !re %\ld hi!rto h be5 s few p]sons capable ( mak+ a good draw+ on wood4 ,till )9 ! la/ few ye>s1 x might be said t !re 0 probably n m ?an "o arti/ 9 ! k+dom possess+ a k ( design :o pr(essionally devot$ himself to mak+ draw+s on ! block = wood engrav]s4 ,:5ev] a good orig9al design is want$1 !re are /ill b few p]sons to :om ! ,engli% wood engrav] c apply ) ! c]ta9ty ( obta9+ x2 = ?\gh "s ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ pa9t]s h occasionally furni%$ designs to be engrav$ on wood1 x has mo/ly be5 z a matt] ( especial fav\r to an individual :o _h an int]e/ 9 ! "w 9 :i* su* designs 7 to appe>4 ,9 ?is respect we are beh9d our ,fr5* neighb\rs2 ! m common k9d ( ,fr5* wood-cuts conta9+ figures are mu* sup]ior to our own ( ! same class2 ! draw+ is mu* m correct1 m att5tion is paid to co/ume1 & 9 ! details we p]ceive ! indications ( mu* great] k ( art ?an is g5]ally to be f\nd 9 ! productions ( our second-rate occasional design]s on wood4 ,x _c be said t ?is defici5cy results f want ( enc\ragem5t2 = a design] on wood1 ( ev5 mod]ate abilities1 is bett] paid = 8 draw+s ?an a second-rate pa9t] is = 8 pictures4 ,! tru? is1 t a ta/e = correct draw+ has hi!rto n be5 suffici5tly cultivat$ 9 ,engl&3 our arti/s are pa9t]s be=e !y c draw2 & h5ce1 comp>atively few c make a good design on wood4 ,!y require ! aid ( positive col\rs to deceive ! eye1 & prev5t x f re/+ ^u ! defects ( _! draw+4 ,x is !re=e ( great importance t a wood engrav] %\ld h "s k ( draw+ himself1 9 ord] t he may be able to correct _m ( ! defects t are to be f\nd 9 ! common] k9d ( subjects s5t to him to be engrav$4 ,9 ! execution ( subjects :i* require consid]able "t1 b little m ?an ! ex]cise ( me*anical skill1 x is frequ5tly advisable to adopt ! pr9ciple ( ! division ( lab\r1 & h ! "w p]=m$1 z x 71 by in/alm5ts1 allott+ to ea* p]son t portion ( ! subject :i* he is likely to execute be/4 ,9 ?is mann] ! annex$ cut ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral has be5 engrav$ by f\r diff]5t p]sons2 & ! result ( _! jo9t lab\rs is su* a "w z n ev5 ! be/ engrav] ( ! f\r c\ld h execut$ by himself4 ,ea* hav+ to d b a little1 & t ( ! k9d ( "w 9 :i* he excell$1 has work$ con amore1 & f9i%$ 8 task be=e he became we>y ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r\5 ,,ca!dral4 ,?\gh copp]-plate engrav+ has a great advantage ov] wood :5 appli$ to ! execution ( maps1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great] delicacy t c be giv5 to ! diff]5t %ades & l9es1 indicat+ hills1 riv]s1 & ! b\nd>ies ( di/ricts1 & also f ! numb] ( names t c be introduc$1 & f ! comp>ative facility ( execut+ !m2 yet1 z maps engrav$ on copp]1 h[ev] simple !y may be1 require to be pr9t$ sep>ately1 by means ( a roll+-press1 ! unavoidable exp5se frequ5tly r5d]s x impossible to give su* maps1 ev5 :5 necess>y1 9 books publi%$ at a l[ price4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 :]e little m ?an outl9es1 ) ! c\rse ( riv]s1 & comp>atively few names1 are requir$1 wood engrav+ possesses an advantage ov] copp]1 z su* maps c be execut$ at a v mod]ate exp5se1 & pr9t$ ) ! lett]-press ( ! "w = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,z ! names 9 maps engrav$ on wood are ! mo/ difficult p>ts ( ! subject1 ! me?od ( drill+ holes 9 ! block & ins]t+ ! names 9 type--z 0 adopt$ 9 ! maps to ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography1 ,basle1 #aeej1;,,ix-#bb--;has rec5tly be5 reviv$4 ,! names 9 ! outl9e maps conta9$ 9 ! ,p5ny ,cyclopdia are ins]t$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,_h ^? maps n be5 engrav$ on wood1 x w\ld h be5 impossible t any c\ld h be5 giv5 9 ! "w1 z ! l[ price at :i* x is publi%$ w\ld n h all[$ ( _! be+ engrav$ on copp]1 &1 consequ5tly1 pr9t$ by means ( a roll+-press at an additional exp5se4 ,footnote ,,ix-#bb3 ,"s acc\nt ( ! maps 9 ,seba/ian ,mun/]'s ,cosmography is previ\sly giv5 at page #bjd1 & page #dag4 ,illu/ration ,:51 h[ev]1 a map is ( small dim5sions1 & sev]al names 9 lett]s ( comp>atively l>ge size are requir$ to be giv51 ?is me?od ( pi]c+ ! block c sc>cely be appli$ )\t great risk ( its break+ to pieces "u ! press1 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ weak5$ 9 p>ts by ! holes drill$ ?r\gh x be+ s ne> toge!r4,,ix-#bc ,?is inconv5i5ce1 h[ev]1 may be rem$i$ by engrav+ ! names 9 intaglio :]e !y are mo/ num]\s1 & aft]w>ds cutt+ a t9t ov] !m1 s t :5 pr9t$ !y may appe> :ite on a d>k gr\nd4 ,o!r names beyond ! b\nd>y ( ! map c be ins]t$1 :]e necess>y1 9 type4 ,! prec$+ skeleton map ( ,engl& & ,wales1 %[+ ! divisions ( ! c\nties & ! c\rse ( ! pr9cipal riv]s1 has be5 execut$ 9 ?is mann]3 all ! names on ! l&1 & ! c\rses ( ! riv]s1 7 fir/ engrav$ on ! smoo? surface ( ! block 9 intaglio--9 less ?an a ?ird ( ! "t :i* w\ld h be5 requir$ to engrave !m 9 relief2 ! t9t 0 next cut2 & la/ly1 ! block 0 pi]c$1 & all ! o!r names ins]t$ 9 type1 ) ! exception ( ! ^w 8,,engl&0 9 ! title1 :i* 0 engrav$ 9 ! same mann] z ! names on ! l&4 ,footnote ,,ix-#bc3 ,:5 !re is any dang] ( ! block splitt+ f ?is cause1 x is be/ to h a ca/ tak5 f x1 z by ?is means ! :ole is obta9$ ( "o solid piece4 ,z :at has be5 previ\sly said ab\t ! practice ( ! art relates entirely to engrav+ :]e ! l9es are ( ! same height1 or 9 ! same plane1 & :5 ! impression is suppos$ to be obta9$ by ! pressure ( a flat surface1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to expla9 ! practice ( l[]+1 by :i* op]ation ! surface ( ! block is ei!r scrap$ away f ! c5tre t[>ds ! sides1 or1 z may be requir$1 holl[$ out 9 o!r places4 ,! object ( ?us l[]+ a block is1 t ! l9es 9 su* places may be less expos$ to pressure 9 pr9t+1 & ?us appe> light] ?an if !y 7 ( ! same height z ! o!rs4 ,?is me?od1 ?\gh x has be5 claim$ z a mod]n inv5tion1 is ( consid]able antiquity1 hav+ be5 practis$ 9 #aech1 z has be5 previ\sly obs]v$ at page #dfb4 ,in/ances ( l[]+ are v frequ5t 9 cuts engrav$ by ,bewick2 b until )9 ! la/ five or six ye>s ! practice 0 n resort$ to by s\?-c\ntry engrav]s4 ,x is absolutely necess>y t wood-cuts int5d$ to be pr9t$ by a /eam-press %\ld be l[]$ 9 su* p>ts z are to appe> light2 =1 z ! pressure on ! cut proce$s f ! ev5 surface ( a metal cyl9d] cov]$ ) a blanket1 !re is no means ( help+ a cut1 z is g5]ally done :5 pr9t$ by a h&-press1 by means ( ov]lays4 ,ov]lay+ consi/s 9 pa/+ pieces ( pap] ei!r on ! front or at ! back ( ! out] tympan1 imm$iately ov] su* p>ts ( ! block z require to be pr9t$ d>k2 & ! effect ( ?is is to increase ! action ( ! platt5 on ^? p>ts1 & to dim9i% x on su* z are n ov]laid4 ,:5 l[]$ blocks are pr9t$ at a common press1 x is necess>y t a blanket %\ld be us$ 9 ! tympans1 9 ord] t ! pap] may be press$ into ! holl[$ or l[]$ p>ts1 & ! l9es ?us br\ght up4 ,! application ( ! /eam-press to pr9t+ l[]$ wood-cuts may be consid]$ z an epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+4 ,wood-cuts 7 fir/ pr9t$ by a /eam-press at ,messrs4 ,cl[es & ,sons' e/abli%m5t1,,ix-#bd & s9ce t "t l[]+ has be5 m g5]ally practis$ ?an at any =m] p]iod4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,ix-#bd3 ,! fir/ "w conta9+ l[]$ cuts pr9t$ by a /eam-press 0 t on ,cattle1 publi%$ 9 numb]s1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k1 #ahcb4 ,by means ( simply l[]+ ! edges ( a block1 s t ! surface %all be convex in/ead ( plane1 ! l9es are made to dim9i% 9 /r5g? z !y rec$e f ! c5tre until !y become gradually bl5d$ ) ! :ite pap] on :i* ! cut is pr9t$4 ,?is is ! mo/ simple mode ( l[]+1 & is n[ frequ5tly adopt$ 9 su* cuts z are t]m$ vignettes1--t is1 su* z are n b\nd$ by def9ite l9es surr\nd+ !m 9 ! mann] ( a bord]4 ,9 ! prec$+ cut1 repres5t+ a gr\p f ,sir ,david ,wilkie's pa9t+ ( ! ,village ,fe/ival1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ! light appe>ance ( ! l9es t[>ds ! edges has be5 produc$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,mr4 ,l&se]1 9 8 ,lectures on ,engrav+1 obs]ves t h>d edges are incid5t to wood-cut vignettes4 ,he 0 n aw>e ( ! means by :i* ?is objectionable appe>ance c\ld be rem$i$4 ,! foll[+ are 8 obs]vations on ?is subject3 8,a pr9cipal beauty 9 mo/ vignettes consi/s 9 ! delicacy ) :i* !y appe> to relieve f ! :ite pap] on :i* !y are pr9t$4 ,! objects ( :i* vignettes consi/1 !mselves =m+ ! b\nd>y ( ! composition1 _! extremities %\ld = ! mo/ "p be t5d]ly bl5d$--be almo/ melt$1 z x 71 into ! pap]1 or gr\nd4 ,n[1 9 pr9t+ ) ! lett]-press1 ! pressure is r ! /ronge/ at ! extremities ( ! engrav+1 :]e we wi% x to be weake/1 & x is s f ! unavoidable swell+ ( ! damp pap] on :i* ! impressions are work$1 & ! s(tness ( ! blankets 9 ! tympans ( ! press4 ,h5ce1 h>d1 in/ead ( s(t edges1 are incid5t to vignettes engrav5 on wood1 :i* all ! c>e ( ! pr9t]1 ) all ! mod]n accuracy ( 8 ma*9e1 c r>ely avoid40 ,mr4 ,l&se]'s objection to vignettes engrav$ on wood applies only to su* z are engrav$ on a plane surface1 s9ce by l[]+ ! block t[>ds ! edges1 l9es gradually bl5d+ ) ! :ite pap] c be obta9$ ) ! greate/ facility4 ,= ! repres5tation ( su* subjects1--suppos+ t _! pr9cipal beauty consi/s 9 8! delicacy ) :i* !y appe> to relieve f ! :ite pap]10--wood engrav+ is z well adapt$ z engrav+ on copp] or /eel4 ,?\gh x is c]ta9ly desirable t ! l9es 9 a vignette %\ld gradually become bl5d$ ) ! col\r ( ! pap]1 yet some?+ m is requir$ 9 an engrav+ ( ?is k9d1 :e!r on wood or on metal4 ,mu* dep5ds on its =m h>moniz+ ) ! composition ( ! subject3 a beautiful draw+ r$uc$ to an irregul> %ape1 & hav+ ! edges m]ely s(t5$1 w n always con/itute a good vignette4 ,( ?is we h b too _m in/ances 9 mod]n copp]-plate engrav+s1 z well z wood-cuts4 ,( all mod]n arti/s ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn]1 ,r4,a41 & ,w4 ,h>vey appe> to excel 9 giv+ to _! vignettes a =m suitable to ! composition4 ,p]haps x may n be out ( place to say a few words "h on ! orig9al mean+ ( ! ^w vignette1 :i* is n[ g5]ally us$ to signify ei!r a wood-cut or a copp]-plate engrav+ :i* is n inclos$ by def9ite l9es =m+ a bord]4 ,! ^w is ,fr5*1 & is synonym\s ) ! ,lat9 viticula1 :i* means a little v9e1 or a v9e %oot1 su* z is "h repres5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,c ,capital lett]s 9 anci5t manuscripts 7 call$ by old writ]s viticul1 or vignettes1 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ frequ5tly ornam5t$ ) fl\ri%es 9 ! mann] ( v9e bran*es or %oots4 ,! lett] ,c1 =m+ ! comm5cem5t ( ?is p>agraph1 is an example ( an old vignette2 x is copi$ f a manuscript app>5tly ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 =m]ly belong+ to ! mona/]y ( ,durham1 b n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,subsequ5tly ! ^w 0 us$ to signify any l>ge ornam5t at ! top ( a page2 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury all k9ds ( pr9t]'s ornam5ts1 su* z fl[]s1 head & tail-pieces1 7 g5]ally t]m$ vignettes2 & m rec5tly ! ^w has be5 us$ to express all k9ds ( wood-cuts or copp]-plate engrav+s :i*1 l ! gr\p f ! ,village ,fe/ival1 are n inclos$ )9 a def9ite bord]4 ,rabelais uses ! ^w to d5ote c]ta9 ornam5ts ( goldsmi?'s "w on ! scabb>d ( a sword2 & our c\ntryman ,lydgate ?us employs x 9 8 ,troy ,book to d5ote ! sculptur$ foliage & trac]y at ! sides ( a w9d[3 8,& if ,i %\ld rehe>s5 by & by ,! corve knots1 by craft & masonry1 ,! fre% emb[+ ) virges "r z l9es1 ,& ! h\s+ full ( backew9es1 ,! ri* co9+1 ! lu/y battlem5ts1 ,v9ettes runn+ 9 casem5ts40 ,illu/rations3 ,o ,q ,h ,i ,e ,f ,f ,d ,g ,v ,b ,! additional specim5s ( ornam5tal capitals on ! prec$+ page are *iefly tak5 f ,%aw's ,alphabets1 9 :i* w be f\nd a great v>iety ( capitals ( all ages4 ,be=e introduc+ any examples ( concave l[]+ 9 ! middle ( a cut1 x seems necess>y to give fir/ a famili> illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple1 9 ord] t :at is subsequ5tly said ^u ?is subject may be ! m readily und]/ood4--,! cr[n-piece ( ,george ,,iv41 :i* e read] c ref] to1 w af=d ! necess>y illu/rations4 ,z ! head ( ! ,k+ on ! obv]se1 & ! figures ( ,/4 ,george1 ! horse1 & ! dragon1 on ! rev]se1 are 9 relief1--t is1 high] ?an ! field1--x is evid5t1 t if ! co9 7 pr9t$1 ea* side sep>ately1 by means ( pressure f an ev5 surface1 :e!r plane or cyl9drical1 cov]$ ) a yield+ mat]ial1 su* z a blanket or wooll5 clo?1 s z to press ! pap] aga9/ ! field or l[] p>ts1 ! impressions w\ld appe> z foll[s1--t is1 ) ! p>ts 9 relief d>ke/1 & ! l[] proportionably light] f _! be+ less expos$ to pressure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,impressions ,,f ,a ,,surface ,,) ,,! ,,figures ,,9 ,,relief4 ,if ca/s be tak5 ( ea* side ( ! same co91 ! p>ts :i* 9 ! orig9al are rais$1 or 9 relief1 w !n be concave1 or 9 intaglio2,,ix-#be & if su* ca/s be pr9t$ 9 ! mann] ( wood-cuts1 ! impressions w appe> z 9 ! opposite page1--t is1 ! field be+ n[ highe/ w appe> positively black1 :ile ! figures n[ 9 intaglio1 or l[]$1 z ,i %\ld say :5 speak+ ( a wood-cut1 w appe> light] 9 proportion to ! concavity ( ! diff]5t p>ts4 ,footnote ,,ix-#be3 ,! ca/s are precisely ! same z ! dies f :i* ! co9 is /ruck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,impressions ,,f ,a ,,surface ,,) ,,! ,,figures ,,l[]$1 ,,or ,,9 ,,intaglio4 ,^u a k ( ! pr9ciple "h exemplifi$ ! practice ( l[]+ 9 wood engrav+ entirely dep5ds4 ,:5 a block is prop]ly l[]$1 !re is no occasion = ov]lays2 & :5 cuts are to be pr9t$ at a /eam-press1--:]e su* means to increase ! pressure 9 "s p>ts & dim9i% x 9 o!rs _c be employ$ )\t great loss ( "t1--x becomes absolutely necess>y t ! blocks %\ld be l[]$ 9 ! p>ts :]e x is int5d$ t ! l9es %\ld appe> light4 ,9 ord] t a cut %\ld be pr9t$ prop]ly )\t ov]lays1 ei!r at a common press ) a blanket 9 ! tympans1 or at a /eam-press :]e ! cyl9d] is cov]$ ) wooll5 clo?1 x is necess>y t ! p>ts int5d$ to appe> light %\ld be l[]$ be=e ! l9es se5 ^u !m are engrav$2 & ! mode ( proce$+ 9 ?is case is z foll[s3--,! design] be+ aw>e ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! cut is to be pr9t$1 & und]/&+ ! practice ( l[]+1 fir/ makes ! draw+ on ! block 9 little m ?an outl9e1,,ix-#bf & wa%es 9 ) flake-:ite ! p>ts :i* x is necess>y to l[]4 ,! block is !n s5t to ! engrav]1 :o1 ) an in/rum5t resembl+ a %>p-edg$ burni%]1 or ) a flat tool or *isel1 scrapes or p>es away ! wood 9 ! p>ts indicat$4 ,:5 ! l[]+ is complet$1 ! design] f9i%es ! draw+1 & ! cut is engrav$4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve1 t unless ! p]son :o makes ! draw+ on ! block p]fectly und]/& ! pr9ciple ( l[]+1 & ! purposes = :i* x is int5d$1 he w nev] be able to design prop]ly a subject int5d$ to be pr9t$ by a /eam-press4 ,footnote ,,ix-#bf3 ,if ! draw+ 7 f9i%$1 ! l9es on ! p>ts int5d$ to be light w\ld necess>ily be effac$ 9 l[]+ ! block 9 su* p>ts4 ,illu/ration ,:5 an object is to be repres5t$ d>k ^u a light gr\nd1 or ^u middle t9t1 ! fir/ op]ation 9 beg9n+ to l[] ! block is to cut a delicate :ite outl9e r\nd ! d>k object1 & proce$ ) a flat tool or a scrap]1 z may be mo/ conv5i5t1 to take a ?9 %av+ or p>+ (f ^? p>ts on :i* ! backgr\nd or middle t9t is to be engrav$4 ,! ext5t to :i* ! block mu/ be l[]$ w dep5d on ! degree ( lightness int5d$ to be giv5 to su* p>ts4 ,9 ,bewick's "t1 :5 ! pressm5 us$ lea!r balls to ink ! cuts & types1 x 0 only necess>y to take a v ?9 %av+ (f ! block 9 ord] to produce ! desir$ effect2 z su* balls1 f ! want ( ela/icity 9 ! lea!r1 :i* 0 comp>atively h>d & unyield+1 w\ld only t\* lightly su* p>ts z 7 bel[ ! level ( ! o!r l9es & ! face ( ! types3 _h ! block be5 l[]$ to any consid]able dep?1 su* p>ts w\ld n h receiv$ any ink1 & consequ5tly w\ld n h %[n ! l9es engrav$ on !m 9 ! impression4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 :5 composition roll]s are us$1 x is necess>y to l[] ! p>ts int5d$ to appe> light to a mu* great] dep? ?an =m]ly2,,ix-#bg z su* roll]s1 9 consequ5ce ( _! great] ela/icity1 are press$1 9 ! process ( ink+1 to a consid]ably great] dep? betwe5 ! l9es ( a cut ?an ! old lea!r balls4 ,! prec$+ cut--a ,%eph]d's ,dog1 drawn by ,w4 ,h>vey1--is pr9t$ f a block 9 :i* bo? ! =e-gr\nd & di/ance are l[]$ to give great] effect to ! animal4 ,if su* a cut1 pr9t$ 9 ! same page ) types1 z x appe>s "h1 7 ink$ ) lea!r balls1 a consid]able portion ( ! l[]$ p>ts w\ld n be visible4 ,?is cut illu/rates ! pr9ciple ( pr9t+ f a surface--su* z t ( a co9--9 :i* ! head or figure is 9 relief4 ,footnote ,,ix-#bg3 ,9 cuts pr9t$ by a /eam-press x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t l[]+ to ! dep? ( ! sixte5? "p ( an in* sc>cely produces a p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! /r5g? ( ! impression4 ,9 cuts ink$ ) lea!r balls1 & pr9t$ at ! common press1 ! l9es 9 p>ts l[]$ to ?is dep? w\ld n be visible4 ,9 ! next cut1 an ,egret1 f a draw+ by ,w4 ,h>vey1 ! figure ( ! bird appe>s :ite on a d>k gr\nd1--! rev]se ( ! cut ( ! ,%eph]d's ,dog1--& is an example ( l[]+ ! block 9 ! middle 9 ! mann] ( a die ) ! figures 9 intaglio1 or a ca/ f a co9 9 :i* ! head or figures are 9 relief4 ,illu/ration ,9 a cut ( ?is k9d ! g5]al =m ( ! pr9cipal object requir$ to be light is fir/ l[]$ out1 & ! draw+ ( ! figure be+ next complet$ ^u ! holl[$ "p1 ! engrav] proce$s to cut ! l9es1 beg9n+ ) ! back-gr\nd & f9i%+ ! pr9cipal object la/4 ,9 cutt+ ! l9es 9 ! holl[$ "p1 ! engrav] uses su* a tool1 slightly curv+ upw>ds t[>ds ! po9t1 z has be5 previ\sly describ$ at page #egi4 ,9 l[]+ ! pr9cipal object 9 a cut ( ?is k9d1 ! greate/ att5tion is necess>y 9 ord] t ! holl[$ p>ts may be gradually concave1 & also ( a suffici5t dep?4 ,9 p]=m+ ?is op]ation1 ! engrav] is solely guid$ by 8 own judgm5t2 & unless he h "s practical k ( ! ext5t to :i* composition balls & roll]s w p5etrate 9 su* holl[$ p>ts1 x is almo/ impossible t he %\ld execute 8 "w 9 a prop] mann]2--%\ld he succe$1 x w only be by *ance1 l a p]son %oot+ at a m>k bl9dfold$4 ,9 su* cases1 ?\gh no special rules c be giv51 x is necess>y to obs]ve t ! "p l[]$ w1 9 proportion to its area1 be expos$ to receive ne>ly ! same quantity ( ink1 & ! same degree ( pressure1 z ! l9es on a level ) ! types4 ,! dep? to :i* su* p>ts require to be l[]$ w consequ5tly dep5d on _! ext5t2 & ! degree ( lightness int5d$ to be giv5 to ! l9es engrav$ on !m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w be be/ illu/rat$ by ! annex$ diagram4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! "p to be l[]$ ext5d f ,a to ,b1 x w be necess>y to holl[ ! block to ! dep? indicat$ by ! dott$ l9e ,a c ,b4 ,%\ld x ext5d f ,a to ,d1 x w require to be l[]$ to ! dep? ( ! dott$ l9e ,a e ,d 9 ord] to obta9 ! same degree ( lightness 9 col\r z 9 ! l[]$ "p ,a c ,b ( less area1--t is1 suppos+ ! engrav$ l9es 9 bo? cases to be ( equal delicacy4 ,illu/ration ,z ov]lay+ su* delicately engrav$ cuts z require ! greate/ att5tion 9 pr9t+ occupies mu* "t1 & lays ! press idle dur+ ! process1 ! additional sum *>g$ p] %eet = works conta9+ a numb] ( su* cuts has frequ5tly op]at$ to ! disadvantage ( wood engrav+1 by caus+ its productions to be disp5s$ ) 9 _m books :]e !y might h be5 introduc$ ) great advantage1 bo? z direct & incid5tal illu/rations4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( great importance to adapt ! art ( wood engrav+ to ! execution ( cuts ( all k9ds1 :e!r comp>atively co>se or ( ! greate/ delicacy1 s t !y may be prop]ly pr9t$ at ! lea/ possible exp5se4 ,illu/ration ,! prec$+ cut1 ) ! two foll[+1 :i* h all be5 l[]$1 w\ld1 if pr9t$ at a /eam-press1 appe> ne>ly z well z !y d 9 ! pres5t "w1 :]e !y h be5 pr9t$ by means ( a common press ) a blanket4 ,b su* a subject--a w9t]-piece1 ) an ass & h] foal /&+ ne> an old ou?\se1--_c be prop]ly repres5t$ )\t l[]+ ! block2 = no ov]lay+ w\ld cause ! l9es indicat+ ! ?at* on ! h\ses & ! /acks1 z se5 ?r\gh ! sn[1 to appe> s s(t z !y n[ d4 ,illu/ration ,9 ?is cut ( a ,salmon ,tr\t1 ) a view ( ,bywell ,lock1 on ! riv] ,tyne1 bo? ! =e-gr\nd & ! di/ance are l[]$2 ! objects :i* appe> comp>atively d>k 9 ^? p>ts are ! lea/ r$uc$1 :ile ^? t appe> lighte/ are su* z are l[]$ to ! greate/ ext5t4 ,! back ( ! fi%1 :i* appe>s d>k 9 ! impression1 is 9 ! block l a ridge1 :i* is gradually l[]$ 9 a holl[ curve t[>ds ! l[] l9e4 ,9 su* a cut z ?is1 p>ticul> c>e ought to be tak5 n to l[] too mu* ^? p>ts :i* come into imm$iate contact ) a /rong black outl9e1 su* z ! back ( ! ,salmon2 = :]e ! l[]+ 9 su* p>ts is too abrupt1 !re is great risk ( ! l9es engrav$ on !m n be+ br\ght up1 & ?us caus+ ! figure 9 relief to appe> surr\nd$ ) a :ite l9e1 z 9 ! impressions f ! cr[n-piece at page #fah4 ,by means ( l[]+1 ! black pony1 on :i* a boy is se5 rid+1 9 ! foll[+ cut1 is mu* m effectively repres5t$1 ?an if ! :ole subject 7 engrav$ on a plane surface4 ,! grey horse1 & ! light jacket ( ! rid]1 ! gr\nd1 ! g>d5 wall1 & ! lighte/ ( ! trees1 are all l[]$ 9 ord] to give great] effect to ! pony4 ,illu/ration ,a cut :i* is prop]ly l[]$ may n only be pr9t$ by a /eam-press )\t ov]lays1 b w also af=d a mu* great] numb] ( good impressions ?an "o ( ! same k9d engrav$ on a plane surface2 = ! m delicate p>ts1 be+ l[] ?an ^? adjac5t to !m1 are ?us sav$ f too mu* pressure1 )\t ! necessity ( increas+ x 9 o!r places4 ,! prec$+ cut w s]ve to %[ ! advantages ( l[]+ 9 ?is respect4 ,x 0 orig9ally engrav$1 f a draw+ by ,william ,h>vey1 = ! ,treatise on ,cattle1 publi%$ "u ! direction ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k4 ,?\gh twelve ?\s& impressions h already be5 pr9t$ f x by means ( ,messrs4 ,cl[es & ,sons' /eam-press1 x has n su/a9$ ! slighte/ injury 9 any "p2 & ! pres5t impression is sc>cely inf]ior to ! fir/ pro(4 ,) ! exception ( cle>+ out ! ink 9 two or ?ree places1 x has requir$ no prep>ation or ret\*+ to give x its pres5t appe>ance4 ,_h su* a "w z ! ,treatise on ,cattle be5 pr9t$ at a common press )\t ! blocks hav+ be5 l[]$1 ! co/ ( pr9t+ w\ld h be5 at lea/ d\ble ! sum *>g$ by ,messrs4 ,cl[es2 & ! engrav+1 aft] s great a numb] ( impressions _h be5 tak51 w\ld h be5 consid]ably injur$1 if n q spoil$4 ,illu/ration ,9 complicat$ subjects1 consi/+ ( _m figures1 & 9 :i* ! light & %ade are mu* div]sifi$1 x becomes necess>y to comb9e ! two pr9ciples ( l[]+1 :i* h be5 sep>ately illu/rat$ by ! ,dog & ! ,egret1 & to adapt !m accord+ to circum/ances1 =m+ "s p>ts convex1 & mak+ o!rs concave1 respectively1 z ! objects engrav$ on !m are to appe> d>k or light4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate ?is process ( comb9$ l[]+1 ,i h *os5 a subject f ,rembr&t--! ,desc5t f ! ,cross--9 :i* sev]al figures are introduc$1 & 9 :i* ! lights & %ades are s mu* v>i$--9 "s p>ts bl5d$ by a delicate middle t9t1 & 9 o!rs /rongly contra/$--z to af=d ! greate/ possible scope = ! illu/ration ( :at is t]m$ l[]+ 9 a wood engrav+4 ,! cut on ! next page %[s ! appe>ance ( an impression tak5 f ! block be=e a s+le l9e _h be5 engrav$1 except ! :ite outl9e b\nd+ ! figures4 ,all t is "h se5 has be5 effect$ by ! flat tool & ! scrap]2 ! lighte/ p>ts are ^? t are mo/ concave1 ! d>ke/ ^? t are mo/ convex4 ,! p>ts :i* h ! appe>ance ( a middle t9t are su* z are r$uc$ to a m$ium betwe5 ! /ronge/ light & ! d>ke/ %ade4 ,! impression 9 its pres5t /ate has v mu* ! appe>ance ( an unf9i%$ mezzot9t4 ,illu/ration ,9 ord] to r5d] ?is example ( complicat$ l[]+ m intelligible to ^? :o h little k ( ! subject1 x seems necess>y to give a detail$ acc\nt ( ! process1 ev5 at ! risk ( repeat+ "s previ\s explanations4 ,9 complicat$ z well z 9 simple subjects int5d$ to be l[]$1 ! design is fir/ drawn 9 outl9e on ! wood4 ,9 su* a subject z t :i* is "h giv51 ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 x is necess>y to cut a delicate :ite outl9e--su* z is se5 9 ! ladd]--r\nd all ^? p>ts :]e ! true outl9e appe>s d>k aga9/ light1 previ\s to l[]+ out ^? light p>ts :i* come into imm$iate contact ) su* z are d>k4 ,:5 a :ite outl9e has be5 cut :]e requir$1 a ?9 %av+ is to be tak5 (f ^? p>ts :i* are int5d$ to be a %ade light] ?an ! middle t9ts1--= in/ance1 9 ! rays ( light fall+ ^u ! cross1 & 9 ! l[] "p ( ! sky4 ,aft] ?is1 ! light p>ts ( ! gr\nd & ! figures are to be l[]$2 b1 in/ead ( tak+ a m]e %av+ (f ! latt]1 ! dep? to :i* !y are to be holl[$ out w dep5d on ! =m & size ( ! p>ts1 & ! /r5g? ( ! light int5d$ to appe> on !m2 & :]e a s]ies ( delicate l9es are to run into pure :ite1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! wood be suffici5tly bevell$ or r\nd$ (f to all[ ( _! bl5d+ ) ! :ite1 )\t _! extremities =m+ a di/9ct l9e1 m especially :]e rotundity is to be repres5t$4 ,9 a block ?us l[]$1 ! p>ts int5d$ to be lighte/ w be ! mo/ concave1 & ^? int5d$ to be d>ke/ ! mo/ 9 relief2 &1 :5 pr9t$1 ! impression w appe> z 9 ! foll[+ cut1 9 consequ5ce ( ! l[]$ p>ts1 9 proportion to _! dep?1 receiv+ bo? less ink & less pressure2 :ile ^? t are to appe> positively :ite are l[]$ to su* an ext5t z to be nei!r t\*$ by ! ink1 nor expos$ to ! action ( ! platt5 or cyl9d]4 ,illu/ration ,:5 ! block has be5 ?us prep>$1 ! subject is drawn ^u x 9 detail1 & ! engrav+ ( ! l9es proce$$ )4 ,! sky1 & ! light] & m di/ant objects1 %\ld be engrav$ fir/3 & c>e ought to be tak5 n to get ! l9es too f9e at ! comm5cem5t1 =1 %\ld ?is happ51 !re is no rem$y = ! defect4 ,by keep+ !m comp>atively /rong1 ! d>k] objects c be execut$ 9 a correspond+ degree ( boldness2 & %\ld ! pro( be g5]ally too d>k1 ! necess>y alt]ations c be easily made4 ,! above cut ( ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross is pr9t$ f ! f9i%$ block2 all ! positive l9es "h se5 hav+ be5 engrav$ subsequ5t to ! process ( l[]+4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve t ! process ( engrav+ ^u an unev5 surface--su* z t ( ! l[]$ block ( ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross--is mu* m difficult ?an on a surface :i* is p]fectly plane2 = ! grav] 9 trav]s+ su* p>ts z are l[]$ is apt to lose its hold1 & to slip 9 desc5d+1 :ile 9 asc5d+ x is liable to take too mu* hold1 & to te> r ?an to cle>ly cut out ! wood 9 c]ta9 p>ts1 ?us r5d]+ ! rais$ l9es r\gh at ! sides1 & sometimes break+ !m q ?r\gh4 ,9 ord] to rem$y 9 "s degree su* inconv5i5ces1 x is necess>y to use a grav] slightly curv+ upw>ds t[>ds ! po9t4 ,! process ( l[]+1 z previ\sly expla9$1 is peculi>ly adapt$ to give ! appe>ance ( prop] texture to objects ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & 9 p>ticul> to birds1 :]e x is (t5 s desirable to imp>t a s(t d[ny appe>ance to ! plumage4 ,su* s(tness c nev] be well repres5t$ by l9es engrav$ on a p]fectly level surface2 =1 h[ev] ?9 & f9e !y may be1 !y w always appe> too di/9ct1 & want t s(tness :i* c only be obta9$ by l[]+ ! block1 & pr9t+ x ) a blanket 9 ! tympans at a common press4 ,^? :o 9 engrav+ birds on a plane surface are fond ( imitat+ ! delicacy ( copp]-plate or /eel engrav+s1 always fail 9 _! attempts to repres5t t s(t appe>ance s peculi> to ! plumage ( birds1 :atev] may be its col\r4 ,bewick's ,birds1 9 ?is respect1 h nev] be5 equall$2 & ! s(tness display$ 9 ! plumage has be5 *iefly obta9$ by l[]+1 & ?us prev5t+ su* p>ts receiv+ too mu* ink or too mu* pressure4 ,! *>act]i/ic expression ( ! bird1 & ! v>iety ( texture 9 ! plumage1 are n inde$ entirely dep5d5t on ?is process2 b ! appe>ance ( s(tness1 & ! g5]al effect ( ! cut z a :ole1--z exemplifi$ 9 ! ,birds ( ,bewick1--are n o!rwise to be obta9$4 ,any wood engrav] :o d\bts ?is1 %\ld attempt to copy1 on an unl[]$ block1 "o ( ! be/ ( ,bewick's birds2 on comp>+ a pr9t$ impression ( 8 "w ) ! orig9al1 he w be likely to discov] t he has ?\ght too highly ( 8 own practice1 & too lightly ( ,bewick's4 ,?\gh *i>o-scuro draw+s c be fai?fully copi$ by means ( wood engrav+2 yet ! art1 z appli$ to ! execution ( su* works1 has met ) b little enc\ragem5t 9 ?is c\ntry1 & has consequ5tly be5 little practis$4 ,f #aged--! date ( ,j4 ,b4 ,jackson's tract on ! ,inv5tion ( ,engrav+ & ,pr9t+ 9 ,*i>o-scuro--to #ahai1 :5 ! fir/ "p ( ,mr4 ,savage's ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+ 0 publi%$1 ! only *i>o-scuro wood engrav+s :i* appe> to h be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl& 7 ^? execut$ ab\t #aghc1 by an amateur ( ! "n ( ,john ,skippe4 ,! *i>o-scuros engrav$ by ,mr4 ,skippe d n appe> to h be5 num]\s2 ,i h only se5 ?ree--,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,hebe1 all aft] draw+s by ,p>megiano4 ,! latt] is pr9t$ f f\r blocks1 & ea* ( ! o!rs f ?ree4 ,9 po9t ( execution1 t ( ,/4 ,john is decid$ly ! be/3 x is mu* sup]ior to any ( ! specim5s giv5 9 ,j4 ,b4 ,jackson's "w1 & w be> a comp>ison ) "s ( ! be/ *i>o-scuros ( ,ni*olas ,le ,sueur4 ,savage's ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+1 9 two p>ts1 #ahai-ahbc1 conta9s sev]al specim5s1 n only ( *i>o-scuro wood engrav+s1 b also ( subjects pr9t$ 9 positive col\rs f sev]al wood-blocks1 9 imitation ( col\r$ draw+s4 ,"s ( ! *i>o-scuros1 prop]ly s call$1 are well execut$1 ?\gh !y g5]ally seem too s(t & woolly4 ,! foll[+ are ^? :i* seem mo/ wor?y ( notice3--,a female ,bac*ante1 f a bas-relief 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ,!seus1 f ! /atue 9 ! ,elg9 ,collection ( ,m>bles1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ,copy ( a bu/ 9 m>ble 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ,bridge & ,l&scape2 ,passage-boats2 & a ,riv] ,sc5e4 ,= ! repres5tation ( su* subjects z ! prec$+1 :5 drawn 9 sepia1 wood engrav+ is peculi>ly adapt$4 ,! simple/ mann] ( repres5t+ a *i>o-scuro draw+ is by pr9t+ a t9t1 ) ! lights cut out1 f a second block1 ov] ! impression ( a cut engrav$ 9 ! usual mann]4 ,*i>o-scuros ( ?is k9d h ! appe>ance ( p5-&-ink draw+s made on t9t$ pap]1 & height5$ ) t\*es ( :ite4 ,! illu/rations to an edition ( ,puckle's ,club 7 ?us pr9t$ 9 #ahbj1--! ye> aft] !y _h appe>$ pr9t$ 9 ! usual mann] 9 a new edition ( ! "w--b _m ( !m are spoil$ by ! badly-*os5 8fancy0 col\r ( ! t9t4 ,f ! "t ( ! publication ( ! second "p ( ,savage's ,h9ts1 & ! t9t$ illu/rations ( ,puckle's ,club1 no fur!r attempts appe> to h be5 made to improve or ext5d ! practice ( *i>o-scuro engrav+ & pr9t+ 9 col\rs till ,mr4 ,george ,baxt] turn$ 8 att5tion to ! subject4 ,8 fir/ attempts 9 *i>o-scuro engrav+ are to be f\nd 9 a ,hi/ory ( ,sussex1 pr9t$ by 8 fa!r at ,lewes1 9 #ahce4 ,mr4 ,baxt] tri$ v>i\s exp]im5ts1 & at l5g? succe$$ s mu* to 8 satisfaction1 t he took out a pat5t = pr9t+ 9 oil-col\rs4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he executes picture-pr9ts 9 positive col\rs1 aft] draw+s or pa9t+s 9 oil1 is ne>ly ! same z t 9 :i* ,kirkall execut$ 8 *i>o-scuros4 ,! gr\nd1 ! outl9es1 & ! m m9ute details1 are fir/ pr9t$ 9 neutral t9t f a plate engrav$ 9 aquat9t2 & ov] ?is impression ! prop] col\rs are pr9t$ f z _m wood-blocks z !re are diff]5t t9ts4 ,! be/ specim5s ( ,mr4 ,baxt]'s pr9t+ 9 oil-col\rs1 f wood-blocks ov] an aquat9t gr\nd1 are to be f\nd 9 ! ,pictorial ,album1 publi%$ by ,*apman & ,hall1 #ahcg2 & among ^! ! foll[+ appe> to be mo/ des]v+ ( di/9ct enum]ation3--,int]ior ( ! ,lady ,*apel1 ,w>wick2 ,lugano2 ,v]ona2 & ,jeannie ,deans's ,int]view ) ! ,que54 ,9 "s ( ! mo/ elaborate subjects 9 ?is "w1 ! col\rs h be5 communicat$ by n less ?an tw5ty blocks1 ea* sep>ately pr9t$4 ,s f> z reg>ds ! l&scapes1 no?+ ( ! same k9d previ\sly done w be> to be comp>$ ) !m4 ,b s9ce ?is p]iod1 ,mr4 ,baxt] has br\ght 8 peculi> art to /ill great] p]fection1 & bo? l>ge & small examples are to be met ) abundantly4 ,"o ( ! mo/ popul> is 8 8,holy ,tr9ity1 aft] ,raphael10 a small plate ( :i* no few] ?an #gjj1jjj copies h be5 sold4 ,! subscrib]s to ,bohn's ,sci5tific ,libr>y w f9d a good specim5 9 ! ,view ( ,*imborazo1 prefix$ to ,humboldt's ,views ( ,nature4 ,ano!r rec5t inv5tion is t ( 8,knight's ,pat5t ,illum9at$ ,pr9ts & ,maps40 ,9 e in/ance hi!rto ( surface-pr9t+ 9 col\rs1 ea* col\r1 hav+ a sep>ate block1 _h to be work$ (f sep>ately1 :i* r5d]$ su* productions extremely exp5sive4,,ix-#bh ,! new process has "o great advantage ov] all its pr$ecessors1 9 *eapness1 & ! facility ) :i* x c multiply impressions4 ,! g5]al nature ( ! process w be be/ und]/ood f a description ( ! mode ( complet+ a col\r$ pr9t4 ,footnote ,,ix-#bh3 ,sir ,william ,congreve's mode ( col\r pr9t+1 h[ev]1 pat5t$ _m ye>s ago1 & n[ practis$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,:it+ ( ,beau=t ,h\se1 is "o ( ! lea/ exp5sive ( all4 ,x consi/s 9 pr9t+ sev]al col\rs at "o "t1 & may be ?us describ$3--8,a col\r$ design be+ made on a block1 ! v>i\s col\rs are cut into _! respective sections1 l a geographical puzzle1 & plac$ 9 an +5i\sly con/ruct$ ma*9e1 :i* inks !m sep>ately1 & pr9ts !m toge!r4 ,by ?is mode spe$ is obta9$ 9 l>ge op]ations1 & ! col\rs are prev5t$ f runn+ into ea* o!r4 ,x is ext5sively appli$ to book-cov]s1 decorative %[-c>ds1 ! back ( c\ntry notes1 & labels1 :]e ! object is to prev5t =g]y40--,see ,bohn's ,lecture on ,pr9t+1 page #ajd4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a subject is engrav$ ^u wood 9 ! usual mann]1 & ! impression is col\r$ by a skilful arti/4 ,we w suppose f\r pr9cipal col\rs are introduc$1 r$1 blue1 yell[1 & br[n4 ,sep>ate & exact draw+s ( ea* col\r are !n made2 & f\r poli%$ plates are prep>$1 ea* plate c>ry+ "o col\r4 ,^! f\r plates are !n firmly fix$ 9 an +5i\sly contriv$ frame1 or table1 mov+ ^u ! table ( a common press1 ! motion be+ regulat$ by ma*9]y1 :i* ensures ! mo/ exact regi/]1 aft] x has once be5 obta9$1 & af=ds ! greate/ facility 9 obta9+ x4 ,! col\rs are !n appli$ to _! respective plates 9 precisely ! same mann] z ink to type1 by means ( roll]s2 & f\r %eets ( pap] ( ! size int5d$ = ! pr9t 7or1 = conv5i5ce1 "o l>ge %eet to be aft]w>ds cut up7 are !n plac$ on ! frisket1 :i* is !n turn$ d[n on ! plates1 & ! pull appli$4 ,! table is !n turn$ "o qu>t] r\nd1 & ! process is repeat$1 till ea* col\r has1 9 succession1 be5 pr9t$ ^u ! f\r %eets4 ,six or sev5 col\rs are sometimes produc$ by ! same process1 & f ! same plates1 by comb9ation2 & ! union ( two col\rs to produce a ?ird is effect$ p]fectly1 9 consequ5ce ( ! rapidity ( ! process1 :i* does n all[ ! col\rs to dry & become h>d4 ,! bright :ites are1 ( c\rse1 =m$ by remov+ ! surface 9 ! requisite p>ts f all ! plates1 & suff]+ ! gr\nd to appe>4 ,eight1 or inde$ any numb] ( col\rs1 c be introduc$ by us+ ano!r press1 or presses2 9 :i* case ! frisket ) ! %eet or %eets fix$1 is pass$ f "o press to ! o!r4 ,! block ( ! draw+ is always ! la/ impress$4 ,f its extreme exactitude ?is inv5tion seems peculi>ly adapt$ = designs ( patt]ns = %awls1 ribbons1 pr9t$ cottons1 c>pets1 & su* manufactures z h hi!rto app>5tly be5 left to ! fancy ( ! workman1 or 8 employ]s1 :o 9 matt]s ( art h frequ5tly q z little ta/e z ! workman4 ,b probably ! mo/ fav\rable field = ! display ( ! p]fections ( ?is inv5tion1 w\ld be 9 subjects :]e only light & %ade1 or at mo/ :at are call$ neutral t9ts1 are requir$1 su* z ar*itectural draw+s & sculptures1 ei!r /atues or 9 relief4 ,= su* purposes ! dep? ( tone obta9able1 & ! %>pness ( ! lights1 seem peculi>ly adapt$4,,ix-#bi ,footnote ,,ix-#bi3 ,! be/ specim5 ( ?is art w be f\nd 9 ,*>les ,knight's ,old ,engl&'s ,wor?ies1 a folio volume1 conta9+ twelve l>ge plates ( ,ar*itecture & ,co/ume1 pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 & #bdj portraits engrav$ on /eel1 folio 7n[ publi%$ by ,h4 ,g4 ,bohn71 #aes4 ,! practice ( ! art has n be5 cont9u$1 z x 0 only applicable to v l>ge editions 7t5 ?\s& & upw>ds71 & 0 m exp5sive ?an h& col\r+ :]e small editions 7 requir$4 ,! ma*9]y has be5 sold (f & de/roy$4 ,:at is t]m$ metallic relief engrav+ consi/s 9 execut+ subjects on plates ( copp]1 or any o!r metal1 9 su* a mann] t ! l9es :i* =m ! impression %all be 9 relief1 & ?us all[ ( su* plates be+ ink$ & pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] z a wood-cut4 ,s9ce ! revival ( wood engrav+ 9 ?is c\ntry sev]al attempts h be5 made to et* 9 metallic relief1 & ?us save ! "t necess>ily requir$ to cut out all ! l9es 9 a wood engrav+4 ,9 et*+ ^u copp]1 9 ord] t ! subject may be repres5t$ by l9es 9 relief1--! rev]se ( ! usual proc$ure 9 copp]-plate engrav+1--& t ! plate may be pr9t$ 9 ! same mann] z a wood-cut1 !re are sev]al me?ods ( proce$+4 ,9 "o1 ! subject is drawn ^u ! plate 9 ,burgundy pit*1 or any o!r sub/ance :i* w resi/ ! action ( aqua=tis1 9 ! same mann] z copp]-plate engrav]s 9 ! ord9>y process /op out ! p>ts int5d$ to be :ite4 ,:5 ! sub/ance 9 :i* ! draw+ is made becomes set1 or suffici5tly h>d1 ! plate is surr\nd$ ) a wall1 z x is te*nically t]m$1 & aqua=tis be+ p\r$ ^u x1 all ! unprotect$ p>ts are corrod$1 & ! draw+ left 9 relief4 ,?is 0 ! me?od g5]ally adopt$ by ,william ,blake1 an arti/ ( great b ecc5tric g5ius1 9 ! execution ( 8 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce1 ! ,book ( ,!l1,,ix-#cj ! ,gates ( ,p>adise1 ,uriz51 & o!r works1 publi%$ betwe5 #aghi & #ahjj4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?is new mode ( engrav+ or et*+ 9 metallic relief1 by corrod+ ! p>ts int5d$ to appe> :ite 9 ! impression1 is extract$ f ! ,life ( ,william ,blake1 9 ,allan ,cunn+ham's ,lives ( ,briti% ,pa9t]s1 ,sculptors1 & ,ar*itects3-- 8,he _h made ! sixty-five designs ( 8 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce1 & 0 m$itat+1 he said1 on ! be/ means ( multiply+ _! resemblance 9 =m & 9 hue2 he felt sorely p]plex$4 ,at la/ he 0 made aw>e t ! _s ( 8 fav\rite bro!r ,rob]t 0 9 ! room1 & to ?is cele/ial visitor he appli$ = c\nsel4 ,! _s advis$ him at once3 #8,write1' he said1 #8! poetry1 & draw ! designs ^u ! copp]1 ) a c]ta9 liquid1 7:i* he nam$1 & :i* ,blake ev] kept a secret17 !n cut ! pla9 p>ts ( ! plate d[n ) aqua=tis1 & ?is w give ! :ole1 bo? poetry & figures1 9 ! mann] ( /]eotype4' ,! plan recomm5d$ by ?is graci\s _s 0 adopt$1 ! plates 7 engrav$1 & ! "w pr9t$ (f4 ,! arti/ !n add$ a peculi> beauty ( 8 own3 he t9t$ bo? ! figures & ! v]se ) a v>iety ( col\rs1 among/ :i*1 :ile yell[ prevails1 ! :ole has a ri* & lu/r\s beauty1 to :i* ,i "k little t c be comp>$4 ,! size ( ^! pr9ts is f\r & a half in*es high by ?ree in*es wide4 ,! orig9al g5ius ( ,blake 0 always conf9$1 ?r\gh pov]ty1 to small dim5sions4 ,sixty-five plates ( copp] 7 an object to him :o _h little money40 ,footnote ,,ix-#cj3 ,! ,book ( ,!l1 :i*1 ) ! titles1 consi/s ( sev5 qu>to pages ( v]se & figures engrav$ 9 metallic relief1 is dat$ #aghi4 ,a full li/ ( ! works ( ?is rem>kable arti/ w be f\nd 9 ,bohn's enl>g$ edition ( ,l[ndes's ,bibliograph]'s ,manual4 ,blake subsequ5tly execut$1 9 ! same mann]1 8! ,gates ( ,p>adise10 consi/+ ( sixte5 small designs2 & 8,uriz510 consi/+ ( tw5ty-sev5 designs4 ,! size ( ! latt] is f\r in*es by six1 & !y are dat$ ,lambe?1 #agid4 ,9 #ahjj he also engrav$ by a simil> process1 comb9$ ) ! usual mode ( et*+ ?r\gh a prep>$ gr\nd laid ov] ! plate1 two subjects to illu/rate a song ( 8 own writ+1 :i* 0 pr9t$ ) !m also f metallic relief4 ,! title ( ?is song is 8,little ,tom ! ,sailor10 & ! date is ,octob] #e1 #ahjj4 ,x appe>s to h be5 a *>itable contribution ( ,blake's to ! 8,wid[ ,spic] ( ,folk/one10 ! "m ( little ,tom2 & we le>n f ! impr9t at ! bottom t x 0 pr9t$ =1 & sold by h] = ! b5efit ( h] orphans4 ,blake's metallic relief engrav+s 7 pr9t$ by himself by means ( a roll+ or copp]-plate press1 ?\gh ! impression 0 obta9$ f ! l9es 9 relief 9 ! same mann] z f a wood-cut4 ,! only diff]5ce 9 ! pr9t+ consi/$ 9 ! diff]5t mann] 9 :i* ! pressure 0 appli$4 ,z x is difficult1 accord+ to ,blake's process1 to corrode ! l>ge :ite p>ts to a dep? suffici5t to prev5t _! be+ t\*$ by ! daub] or ball 9 ! process ( ink+1 & ?us pres5t+ a soil$ appe>ance 9 ! impression1 he 0 accu/om$ to wipe ! ink out :]e x _h t\*$ 9 ! holl[s4 ,z ?is occupi$ m "t ?an ! m]e ink+ ( ! plate1 8 progress 9 pr9t+ 0 necess>ily sl[4 ,9 ano!r mode ( engrav+ 9 relief on a plate ( copp]1 ! plate is fir/ cov]$ ) an et*+ gr\nd 9 ! usual mann]1 & to ?is gr\nd an outl9e ( ! subject is transf]r$ by pass+ ! plate ) a p5cil-draw+ above x ?r\gh a roll+-press4 ,! engrav] !n proce$s to remove ) 8 et*+-po9t1 or "s o!r tool1 z may be necess>y1 all su* p>ts z are int5d$ to be :ite4 ,:5 ?is process1 :i* may be t]m$ rev]se et*+1 is complet$1 ! p>ts int5d$ to be :ite are corrod$ by p\r+ aqua=tis ^u ! plate 9 ! usual mann]1 :ile ! l9es :i* repres5t ! object rema9 9 relief1 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ protect$ at ! surface by ! coat+ ( et*+ gr\nd4 ,sev]al p]sons h made exp]im5ts 9 ?is mode ( metallic relief engrav+4 ,x 0 tri$ by ,bewick1 & also by ! late ,rob]t ,bran/on2 b !y did n succe$ to _! satisfaction1 & none ( _! productions execut$ 9 ?is mann] 0 ev] submitt$ to ! public4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,liz>s ( ,ed9burgh appe>s to h turn$ 8 att5tion to ! subject ( metallic relief engrav+1 & to h succe$$ bett] ?an ei!r ,bewick or ,bran/on4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/-publi%$ specim5s ( 8 engrav+ 9 ?is /yle is ! portrait ( ,dr4 ,pet] ,morris1 =m+ ! frontispiece to ,pet]'s ,lett]s to 8 ,k9sfolk1 pr9t$ at ,ed9burgh 9 #ahai4 ,?is portrait has e appe>ance ( be+ execut$ by ! process ( rev]se et*+1--t is1 by fir/ cov]+ ! plate ) et*+ gr\nd1 & !n remov+ ! p>ts t are to be :ite1 & leav+ ! l9es t are to appe> black 9 relief4 ,! plate 0 pr9t$ by a common pr9t+-press at ! (fice ( ,ballantyne & ,co4 ,9 ! preface ! 8new inv5tion0 ( ,mr4 ,liz>s is ?us m5tion$3--8,! portrait ( ,dr4 ,morris is done 9 ?is new /yle2 &1 _h ! "t p]mitt$1 ! o!rs w\ld h all be5 done s likewise4 ,x is ?r[n (f by ! common pr9t+-press1 z ! read] w obs]ve--b ?is is only "o ( ! di/+ui%+ excell5ces ( ?is new & spl5did inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,liz>s40 ,)9 ! la/ ?ree or f\r ye>s sev]al plans = execut+ engrav+s 9 metallic relief h be5 devis$2 & x has be5 prophesi$ ( ea*1 t x w\ld 9 a %ort "t totally sup]s$e wood engrav+4 ,! projectors ( ^? plans1 h[ev]1 seem to h tak5 too n>r[ a view ( ! subject2 & to h ?\ght t ! m]e novelty ( _! inv5tion 0 suffici5t to ensure x success4 ,!y appe> n to h consid]$1 t x 0 necess>y t _! metallic relief ca/s %\ld n only be *eap] ?an wood-cuts1 b t !y %\ld be also z well execut$4 ,mr4 ,woone has tak5 out a pat5t = 8 inv5tion1 & ! pr9ciple ^u :i* x is f\nd$ is t ( tak+ a ca/ f a copp]-plate1 :]eby ! l9es engrav$ 9 intaglio are 9 ! ca/ 9 relief4 ,8 process ( metallic relief engrav+ is z foll[s3--,a smoo? plate ( metal is cov]$ ) a coat+ ( pla/] ( ,p>is1 ab\t equal 9 ?ickness to ! dep? to :i* ! l9es are cut 9 engrav+ on copp] or /eel4 ,^u ?is surface ( pla/] ! engrav]1 ) a f9e po9t1 z 9 et*+1 cuts ! l9es ( ! subject ?r\gh to ! plate bel[4 ,:5 ?is pla/] et*+ is complet$1 a ca/ is tak5 f x 9 type-metal2 &1 aft] be+ cle>$ out1 ! subject 9 metallic relief c be pr9t$ at a common press 9 ! mann] ( a wood-cut4 ,accord+ to ?is plan only "o ca/ c be tak5 ( ea* subject1 z ! pla/] is de/roy$ dur+ ! process1 s t !re is no?+ left f :i* a second m\ld c be made1 z 9 ! case ( a wood-cut4 ,! *ief advantage ( ?is inv5tion consi/s 9 ! l9es be+ ( equal height 9 ! ca/1 9 consequ5ce ( _! be+ et*$ ?r\gh ! pla/] to ! level surface ( ! plate b5ea?4 ,z ! coat+ ( pla/] is1 h[ev]1 extremely ?91 x is g5]ally necess>y to cle> out ) a grav] ! int]/ices ( ! ca/ 9 ord] to prev5t _! be+ t\*$ by ! ink+ roll]4 ,a ,mr4 ,s*onb]g has also made sev]al exp]im5ts 9 metallic relief engrav+ by means ( et*+ on /one1 & aft]w>ds tak+ a ca/ f 8 "w4 ,?\gh he has be5 = sev]al ye>s endeav\r+ to p]fect 8 inv5tion1 he has n up to ?is "t succe$$ 9 produc+ any?+ :i* x w\ld be fair to criticise4 ,_m ( ! cuts ( trees & %rubs 9 ,l\don's ,arboretum et ,fruticetum ,britannicum are pr9t$ f ca/s 9 metallic relief1 execut$ by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bran/on4 ,! mode ( proc$ure1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,bran/on's me?od1 is extremely simple2 ! subject is fir/ et*$ on copp]1 & bit 9 by aqua=tis 9 ! usual mann]2 & f ?is et*+ a ca/ is aft]w>ds tak5 9 type-metal4 ,z ! plate is n corrod$ to an equal dep? 9 e "p1 x is necess>y to rub on a /one ! faces ( ! ca/s ?us obta9$ 9 ord] to r$uce ! rais$ l9es to ! same level4 ,!re is also ano!r inconv5i5ce t att5ds ca/s 9 metallic relief tak5 f an et*$ copp]-plate2 =1 z ! aqua=tis acts lat]ally z well z v]tically1 x is difficult to corrode ! l9es to a suffici5t dep?1 )\t at ! same "t gett+ !m too ?ick4 ,x is h5ce necess>y to cle> out _m ( ! holl[ p>ts ( su* ca/s ) a grav]1 9 ord] to prev5t _! be+ t\*$ by ! balls or ink+-roll]1 & ?us giv+ to ! impression a soil$ appe>ance4 ,ca/s 9 metallic relief f et*+s always appe> co>se2 &1 f ! exp]im5ts hi!rto made1 x seems impossible to execute f9e "w 9 ?is mann]4 ,s f> z relates to *eapness1 su* ca/s1 h[ev] well !y may be execut$1 be+ ( a level surface1 _c be pr9t$ prop]ly by a /eam-press 9 ! mann] ( l[]$ blocks1 or ca/s f l[]$ blocks4 ,= a "w ( ext5sive circulation1 pr9t$ by means ( a /eam-press1 a l[]$ block1 or a ca/ f x1 w\ld be *eap] at five p\nds1 ?an a ca/ f an et*+ at f\r1 ev5 admitt+ t bo? 7 equally well execut$4 ,! pr9cipal feature 9 ,mr4 ,c4 ,hancock's pat5t metallic relief engrav+1 :i* is q orig9al1 is1 t subjects resembl+ mezzot9ts c be ins]t$ & pr9t$ ) ! text 9 ! same mann] z wood engrav+s4 ,a mezzot9t plate1 if pr9t$ 9 ! usual mann] previ\s to be+ engrav$ ^u1 w\ld appe> black4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if submitt$ to ! same k9d ( pr9t+ z a wood-cut1 x w\ld sc>cely discol\r ! pap]4 ,^u ?is plate ,mr4 ,hancock draws 8 subject ) a broad /eel po9t or burni%]1 :i* poli%es d[n ! small prom95ces to a smoo? surface 9 proportion to ! pressure us$ 9 draw+4 ,9 proportion z ! surface becomes smoo?1 s does x pr9t d>k1 & h ! appe>ance ( a mezzot9t4 ,! read] w p]ceive t1 accord+ to ?is plan1 ,mr4 ,hancock c take a pro( ( 8 subject at any "t1 & procure ei!r d>k or light at pleasure1 z ! subject may appe> to require x4 ,! sp>kl+ light c be t\*$ 9 ) ! grav]1 9 ! same mann] z on wood2 s t su* t\*es appe> mu* %>p] ?an 9 common mezzot9t1 :]e ! lights are got by burni%+4 ,z ,mr4 ,hancock has n z yet br\ght any?+ be=e ! public1 x w\ld be unfair to anticipate him1 by introduc+ any?+ m 9 ?is place ?an a description ( 8 process4 ,wood engrav+ is necess>ily conf9$1 by ! size ( ! wood1 to ! execution ( subjects ( comp>atively small dim5sions2 & ?is limitation1 toge!r ) ! difficulty ( pr9t+ ev5 t9ts 9 positive col\rs1 h comb9$ to prev5t x f be+ made ext5sively available 9 ! production ( works 9 *i>o-scuro1 ( l>ge size1 by ! ord9>y modes ( surface-pr9t+4 ,latt]ly1 h[ev]1 ! dem& :i* ! progress ( education has creat$ = maps1 s*ool pr9ts1 elem5t>y examples ( f9e art1 & illu/rations on a l>ge scale = ! illu/rat$ newspap]s1 hav+ call$ ! att5tion ( arti/s to ! subject1 _m attempts h be5 made1 & 9 "s cases ) success1 to produce relief engrav+s on metal2 & also to comb9e t mode ( engrav+ ) analog\s app>atus = ! production ( works 9 t9ts or col\rs1 sep>ate1 comb9$1 or mix$ ) l9e plates1 9 su* degrees z p>ticul> cases might require4 ,sev]al ( ^! p]sons h be5 already nam$1 & _! processes describ$2 x only !re=e rema9s to /ate1 t ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,sly1 9 connexion ) o!r arti/s1 has = "s ye>s pa/ be5 /eadily engag$ 9 mak+ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts = giv+ a practical value1 by v>i\s inv5tions1 to ! discov]ies & exp]i5ce ( _! pr$ecessors 9 ! art2 & ) e prospect ( success4 ,_! me?od ( proc$ure is3 #a4 ,to produce a f9i%$ draw+1 9 simple or cross$ l9es1 ) et*+ v>ni% on a plate prep>$ = ! purpose2 #b4 ,to bite away1 ) a comp\nd acid1 ! spaces betwe5 ! v>ni% l9es2 & #c4 ,to deep5 & f9i% ! "w s produc$1 by ! use ( engrav+ tools1 9 ! ord9>y mann]4 ,! great difficulties 9 ! way ( ^! app>5tly simple op]ations h be51 #a4 ,to ca/ s\nd & durable plates ( a l>ge size1 & ( a texture suffici5tly compact to produce %>p l9es by ! et*+ process1 & at ! same "t s(t en\gh to p]mit ! surfaces to be l[]$1 & ! cutt+ to be execut$ ) facility2 #b4 ,to remove ! oxide =m$ by ! comb9ation ( ! acid ) ! metal f betwe5 ! l9es2 & #c4 ,to c>ry ! bit+ to a dep? suffici5tly great to p]mit ! plate1 ) ! addition ( a small quantity ( grav]-"w1 to yield a cle> impression4 ,metallic relief engrav+ has n unfrequ5tly be5 practis$ at ,p>is ( late ye>s4 ,i h n[ ly+ be=e me an impression f a plate engrav$ 9 ?is mann] by ,messrs4 ,be/1 ,&rew1 & ,leloir1 ( t city4 ,! subject is a wild turkey1 & x 0 engrav$ ab\t ?ree ye>s ago = ,mr4 ,audubon4 ,?\gh x is ! be/ specim5 ( metallic relief engrav+ t has come "u my notice1 ,i am yet ( op9ion t ! subject c\ld be bett] engrav$ on wood1 & at a less co/4 ,ornam5ts & bord]s are sometimes engrav$ on solid brass by means ( *isels & grav]s 9 ! same mann] z a wood-cut4 ,! head ( ,bu*anan1 & ! bord] on ! wrapp] ( ,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 7 engrav$ on brass 9 ?is mann]1 m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago1 by ,messrs4 ,vizetelly1 ,bran/on1 & ,co4 ,!y 7 orig9ally engrav$ on wood by ,bewick4 ,! great] durability ( ornam5ts engrav$ on brass1 comp5sates = _! additional co/4 ,! *eape/ mode1 h[ev]1 is to h su* ornam5ts fir/ engrav$ on wood1 & ca/s aft]w>ds tak5 f !m 9 type metal4 ,"o great objection to cutt+ on metal ) ! grav] is1 t ! metal cuts ! pap] 9 pr9t+ f x4 ,duplicates ( wood engrav+s may be readily obta9$ by means ( ca/s f ! orig9al blocks2 & )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 ! practice ( ?us multiply+ subjects orig9ally engrav$ on wood1 has become v preval5t bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,france4 ,ca/s c be obta9$ f wood engrav+s by two diff]5t processes1 & bo? are practis$ by two or ?ree /]eotype pr9t]s1 to :om ?is bus9ess is usually entru/$4 ,by ! "o mode1 a m\ld is fir/ made f ! block 9 pla/] ( ,p>is1 & f ?is m\ld or matrix a ca/ is aft]w>ds tak5 9 type metal4 ,by ! o!r mode--t]m$ by ! ,fr5* cli*age,,ix-#ca--! m\ld or matrix is n =m$ ( pla/]2 b is obta9$ by lett+ ! block fall1 ) its engrav$ surface d[nw>ds1 directly on a mass ( metal1,,ix-#cb j suffici5tly fluid to receive ! impression1 & :i* becomes solid almo/ at ! v in/ant x is t\*$ by ! block4 ,f ?is m\ld or matrix a ca/ is aft]w>ds tak5 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! surface ( ! block becom+ *>r$ by ! heat1 x is previ\sly rubb$ ov] ) a composition ( common yell[ soap & r$ o*re4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a 7f ,wood74 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b 7f ,metal74 ,footnote ,,ix-#ca3 ,a ca/ f a =m ( types1 z well z f an engrav$ wood-block1 is by ,fr5* pr9t]s t]m$ a cli*4 ,footnote ,,ix-#cb3 ,! metal ( :i* ?is matrix is =m$1 is made sev]al degrees h>d] ?an common type metal1 by mix+ ) ! latt] a great] portion ( regulus ( antimony1 o!rwise ! matrix & ca/ w\ld adh]e4 ,:5 x is p>ticul>ly desirable to pres]ve ! orig9al block un9jur$1 ! safe/ mode is t ( =m+ a m\ld or matrix ( pla/]2 = by ! process ( cli*age a delicately engrav$ block is extremely liable to receive damage4 ,z a ca/1 :e!r f a matrix ( metal or ( pla/]1 g5]ally requires c]ta9 small specks ( ! metal to be remov$1 or "s ( ! l9es to be cle>$ out1 ?is op]ation is frequ5tly entru/$ to a p]son employ$ 9 a pr9t+-(fice :]e su* ca/ is tak54 ,su* p]son1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be all[$ to d m ?an remove ! specks2 =1 %\ld he attempt to re-ent] or re-cut ! l9es or t9ts on metal1 he w be v likely to spoil ! "w4 ,x is extremely difficult1 ev5 to a dext]\s engrav]1 to re-ent] ! l9es t h be5 p>tially clos$ up 9 a t9t1 s t !y %all appe> ! same z ! o!rs :i* h come (f cle>4 ,%\ld ! pr9t]'s pick] happ5 to re-ent] !m 9 a direction opposite to t 9 :i* !y 7 orig9ally cut on ! block1 ! "w is c]ta9 to be spoil$4 ,:5 a ca/ requires cle>+ out & ret\*+ 9 ?is mann]1 ! op]ation ought to be p]=m$ by a wood engrav]1 &1 if possible1 by ! p]son :o execut$ ! orig9al block4 ,:5 ! subject is n v complicat$1 x is extremely difficult to di/+ui% :i* ( two impressions is f a ca/1 & :i* is f ! orig9al block4 ,^? :o pr(ess to h great judgm5t 9 su* matt]s are left to det]m9e :i* ( ! prec$+ bu/s is pr9t$ f metal1 & :i* f wood4 ,:5 a duplicate ( a mod]n1 or a fac-simile ( an old wood-cut is requir$1 ! be/ mode ( obta9+ a correct copy1 is to transf] ! orig9al1 if n too l>ge or too valuable1 to a prep>$ block2 & ! mode ( effect+ ?is is z foll[s3--,! back ( ! impression to be transf]r$ is fir/ well moi/5$ ) a mixture compos$ ( equal p>ts ( conc5trat$ pota% & ess5ce ( lav5d]2 x is !n plac$ above a block ^: surface has be5 slightly moi/5$ ) wat]1 & rubb$ ) a burni%]4 ,if ! mixture be ( prop] /r5g?1 ! ink ( ! old impression w become loos5$1 & be transf]r$ to ! wood4 ,rec5t impression ( a wood-cut1 be=e ! ink is set1 may be transf]r$ to a block )\t any prep>ation1 m]ely by :at is te*nically t]m$ 8rubb+ d[n40 ,9 ord] to transf] impressions f copp]-plates1 x is necess>y to use ! oil ( lav5d] in/ead ( ! ess5ce3 if a v old impression1 apply ! prep>ation to its face4 ,s9ce ! =m] edition ( ?is "w consid]able improvem5ts h be5 made 9 ! mode ( tak+ ca/s1 ( :i* ! pr9cipal is electrotyp+1 by ! galvanic precipitation ( copp]4 ,by ?is process all ! f9] l9es ( ! engrav+ are s p]fectly pres]v$1 t impressions pr9t$ f ! ca/ are q undi/+ui%able f ^? pr9t$ f ! orig9al block4 ,be=e clos+ ?is subject we ?9k x "r to introduce ! notice ( a new art1 :i*1 if x accompli%es all x pr(esses1 & z1 judg+ by ! annex$ example1 x seems capable ( p]=m+1 w be a great acquisition4 ,! art 0 fir/ br\ght out z ,coll9s's process1 b is n[ call$ ! ,electro-pr9t+ ,block process1 & is manag$ "u ! inv5tor's direction by a company e/abli%$ at ,no4 #bg1 ,new ,bridge ,/reet1 ,blackfri>s4 ,! object ( ! process is to r$uce or ext5d1 by means ( transf] to an ela/ic mat]ial1 maps or engrav+s ( any size4 ,! specim5 giv5 9 ! pres5t volume is r$uc$ f a li?ograph copy ( an e>ly block pr9t1 f\r times its size1,,ix-#cc & !n electrotyp$ into a surface block1 s z to pr9t 9 ! ord9>y mann] ( a wood-engrav+4 ,! read] w easily imag9e t any plate transf]r$ to an ela/ic surface di/5d$ equally1 w1 :5 collaps$1 yield a r$uc$ impression1 & vice v]s4 ,! only drawback to ?is process seems to be ! want ( dep? 9 ! electro-type :]e !re are l>ge un5grav$ spaces4 ,su* plates w want good br++-up & v c>eful pr9t+4 ,footnote ,,ix-#cc3 ,tak5 f ,mr4 ,s4 ,leigh ,so!by's ,pr9cipia ,typographica1 #c vols4 folio--to ^: k9dness we are indebt$ = ! r$uc$ block4 ,illu/ration ,! unequal mann] 9 :i* wood-cuts are pr9t$1 is (t5 injuri\s bo? to publi%]s & engrav]s2 =1 h[ev] well a subject may h be5 engrav$1 or :atev] may h be5 ! exp5se incurr$1 bo? ! engrav]'s tal5ts & ! publi%]'s money w1 9 a great measure1 h be5 ?r[n away unless ! cut be prop]ly pr9t$4 ,! want ( cordial co-op]ation betwe5 pr9t]s & wood engrav]s is "o ( ! *ief causes ( wood-cuts be+ s frequ5tly pr9t$ 9 an improp] mann]4 ,"o pr9t]'s me?od ( pr9t+ wood-cuts (t5 diff]s s mu* f t ( ano!r1 t x is g5]ally necess>y = an engrav] :o wi%es to h ju/ice done to 8 "w1 to asc]ta9 ! (fice at :i* a book is to be pr9t$ be=e he beg9s to execute any ( ! cuts4 ,if !y are int5d$ to be pr9t$ at a /eam-press1 !y require to be engrav$ 9 a mann] suitable to t me?od ( pr9t+2 & if x be fur!r int5d$ to take ca/s f !m1 & to pr9t f su* ca/s in/ead ( ! orig9al blocks1 x is necess>y = ! engrav] to execute 8 "w accord+ly4 ,%\ld !y h to be pr9t$ at a common press ) a blanket1 x is necess>y t !y %\ld be l[]$ 9 su* p>ts z are mo/ liable to be pr9t$ too heavy f ! p>*m5t ( ! tympan1 :5 !re is a blanket beh9d x1 p5etrat+ to a great] dep? betwe5 ! l9es ?an :5 no blanket is us$4,,ix-#cd ,:5 x is int5d$ to pr9t cuts 9 :at is call$ ! be/ mann]1--t is1 at a common press )\t a blanket1 & :]e ! effect is br\ght up by means ( ov]lay+1--! engrav] has no?+ to d b to execute 8 subject on a plane surface to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 & to leave ! task ( br++ up ! d>k1 & eas+ ! light p>ts to ! pr9t]1--:o1 if he h n an arti/'s eye1 c only by *ance succe$ 9 produc+ ! effect int5d$ by ! draftsman & ! engrav]4 ,footnote ,,ix-#cd3 ,! pr9cipal diff]5ce1 s f> z relates to wood engrav+s1 betwe5 pr9t+ by a /eam-press ) cyl9drical roll]s1 & pr9t+ by a common press ) a blanket1 is1 t ! blanket or wooll5 clo? cov]+ ! cyl9d] ( ! /eam-press comes into imm$iate contact ) ! pap]1 :ile 9 ! common press ! p>*m5t ( ! tympan is int]pos$ betwe5 ! pap] & ! blanket4 ,x is necess>y t cuts int5d$ to be pr9t$ by a /eam-press %\ld be l[]$ to a great] dep? ?an cuts int5d$ to be pr9t$ ) a blanket at a common press1 z ! blanket on ! cyl9d] p5etrates to a great] dep? betwe5 ! l9es4 ,illu/ration ,%\ld a s]ies ( wood-cuts be engrav$ ) ! view ( _! be+ pr9t$ at a /eam-press1 or at a common press ) a blanket1 & %\ld ! publi%] or proprietor ( ! "w aft]w>ds *ange 8 int5tion1 & decide on hav+ !m pr9t$ 9 ! be/ mann]1--t is1 by ! common press )\t a blanket1 & ) ov]lays1--su* cuts1 :atev] pa9s might be tak51 c\ld n be prop]ly & effici5tly pr9t$2 = ^? p>ts :i* _h be5 l[]$ 9 ord] to obviate ! 9-pressure ( ! blanket1 w\ld ei!r be totally invisible1 or w\ld only appe> imp]fectly1--t is1 ) ! l9es indi/9ct & brok51 z if !y _h n be5 prop]ly ink$4 ,! foll[+ cut1 :i* 0 l[]$ = ma*9e-pr9t+1 or pr9t+ ) a blanket1 b has be5 work$ (f at a common press )\t a blanket1 :5 comp>$ ) ! same subject pr9t$ 9 ! mann] orig9ally int5d$1--t is1 ) a blanket1--w illu/rate :at has be5 previ\sly said on ! subject4 ,i by no means wi% x to be und]/ood1 t any pr9t] w\ld all[ su* a cut to appe> q s bad z x does 9 ! pres5t impression2 he w\ld d some?+ to rem$y ! defects1 b he c\ld n1 )\t employ+ a blanket1 cause x to h ! appe>ance orig9ally int5d$ by ! design] & engrav]4 ,x is pr9t$ "h )\t any aid ( ov]lay+1 9 ord] t ! diff]5ce might be ! m app>5t to ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! subject4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 n unfrequ5tly se5 excell5t cuts spoil$ f inatt5tion to br++ up ! l[]$ p>ts1 ev5 :5 pr9t$ at ! (fice ( pr9t]s :o h acquir$ a high "* = f9e "w1 & ^: names on ?is acc\nt are ann\nc$ 9 adv]tisem5ts 9 connexion ) ^? ( ! au?or1 design]1 & publi%]1 z a gu>antee = ! sup]ior mann] 9 :i* ! cuts conta9$ 9 ! "w w be pr9t$4,,ix-#ce ,! foll[+ cut1 ( ! same subject z t giv5 on ! previ\s page1 %[s ! appe>ance ( ! engrav+ :5 prop]ly pr9t$ 9 ! mann] int5d$2 e l9e is "h br\ght up by us+ a blanket1 :ile f ! block hav+ be5 l[]$1 ) a view to its be+ pr9t$ 9 ?is mann]1 !re has be5 no occasion = ov]lays to increase ! effect 9 ! d>k] p>ts4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! two impressions is entirely ow+ to ! diff]5t mann] ( pr9t+2 = ! "o is pr9t$ f ! block1 & ! o!r f a ca/4 ,illu/ration ,footnote ,,ix-#ce3 ,i h kn[n a pr9t]1 :o once _h a high "* = 8 f9e "w1 *>ge & receive twelve gu9eas p] %eet = a book conta9+ a numb] ( wood-cuts :i* requir$ to be well pr9t$1 & ,i h kn[n a simil> "w bett] pr9t$ f l[]$ blocks = less ?an half ! sum p] %eet4 ,publi%]s w at no di/ant "t discov]1 t x is _! int]e/ r to h _! cuts fir/ prop]ly engrav$ ?an to pay a pr9t] a l>ge additional sum = ! tr\ble ( ov]lay+ !m1 & ?us giv+ !m ! appe>ance :i* !y ought to h )\t su* means & appliances1 if ! blocks 7 orig9ally execut$ z !y ought to be4 ,subjects engrav$ on l[]$ blocks1 9 ! mann] ( ! foll[+ cut1 h always an unf9i%$ appe>ance :5 pr9t$ )\t a blanket1 & ! feebl5ess & confusion app>5t 9 ! light] p>ts1 in/ead ( be+ rem$i$ by ov]lay+ ! d>k] p>ts1 are ?us r5d]$ m obvi\s4 ,! connect+ m$ium betwe5 ! extremes ( black & :ite be+ ei!r entirely omitt$ or v imp]fectly giv51 causes ! impression to h t h>% & unf9i%$ appe>ance :i* is frequ5tly urg$ z "o ( ! greate/ objections to engrav+ on wood4 ,x is inde$ true1 t _m cuts h ?is objectionable appe>ance2 b x is also true t ! fault does n orig9ate 9 any defici5cy 9 ! art1 b is ei!r ! result ( want ( k on ! "p ( ! engrav]1 or is occasion$ by improp] pr9t+4 ,:5 wood engrav]s f\nd t any?+ approa*+ to delicacy1 9 bl5d+ ! extremes ( black & :ite 9 _! "w1 0 extremely liable to be ei!r lo/ or spoil$ 9 ! pr9t+1 x is n surpris+ t !y %\ld h paid comp>atively little att5tion to ! connect+ t9ts4 ,9 _m excell5tly engrav$ cuts1 pr9t$ at ! common press ) ov]lays1 ! t9t next 9 gradation to positive black is (t5 p]ceiv$ to be too d>k1 9 consequ5ce ( ! extra pressure on ! adjac5t p>ts2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! delicate l9es int5d$ to bl5d ) ! :ite1 are ei!r too heavy1 or appe> brok5 & confus$4 ,x is *iefly f ?is cause1 t s mu* black & :ite1 )\t ! requisite connect+ middle t9ts1 is f\nd 9 wood-cuts2 = ! engrav]1 f9d+ t su* t9ts 7 frequ5tly spoil$ 9 ! impression1 omitt$ !m :5ev] he c\ld1 9 ord] to adapt 8 subject to ! usual me?od ( pr9t+4 ,:51 9 consequ5ce ( an improvem5t 9 ! mode ( pr9t+ wood-cuts1 engrav]s c dep5d on f9d+ all 9 ! impression t c be execut$ on ! block1 x w no long] be an objection to ! art t its productions h a h>d & unf9i%$ appe>ance1 & t x is only capable ( effici5tly repres5t+ subjects display+ /rong contra/s ( black & :ite4 ,%\ld a wood-cut engrav$ on a plane surface1 ) ! int5tion ( its be+ pr9t$ 9 ! be/ mann]1--t is1 at a common press ) ov]lays1 & )\t a blanket1--be pr9t$ at a /eam-press1 or at a common press ) a blanket1 x w pres5t a v diff]5t appe>ance to ! engrav]'s pro(4,,ix-#cf ,! foll[+ cut1 :i* ought prop]ly to h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! be/ mann]1 is "h pr9t$ improp]ly ) a blanket1 & ! result is any?+ b satisfactory2 ! p>ts :i* ought to h be5 delicately pr9t$ are1 9 consequ5ce ( ! equality ( ! pressure on e "p ( ! unl[]$ surface br\ght up too heavy1 & f _! appe>+ too d>k1 ! effect int5d$ by ! design] & engrav] is de/roy$4 ,! same cut1 :5 pr9t$ at a common press ) ov]lays1 & )\t a blanket1 z orig9ally int5d$1 w\ld h ! light p>ts reliev$1 & appe> z x does on ! foll[+ page4 ,footnote ,,ix-#cf3 ,! cuts be+ arrang$ back to back1 z at pages #fda1 #fdb1 & !reby prev5t+ ! types appe>+1 z !y d on ! next page1 is an advantage n to be ov]look$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! want ( some?+ l a uni=m me?od ( pr9t+ wood-cuts1 & ! high price *>g$ by pr9t]s = :at is call$ f9e "w1 h op]at$ mo/ injuri\sly to ! progress & ext5sion ( wood engrav+4 ,! practice1 h[ev]1 ( pr9t+ wood-cuts by a /eam-press1 or a press ( any k9d ) a cyl9drical roll] in/ead ( a platt51 seems likely to introduce a g5]al *ange 9 ! practice ( ! art4 ,by ! adoption ( ?is *eap & exp$iti\s me?od ( pr9t+1 books conta9+ ! v be/ wood engrav+s c be af=d$ at a mu* *eap] rate ?an =m]ly4 ,z cuts pr9t$ 9 ?is mann] c receive no adv5titi\s aid f ov]lays1 ! wood engrav] is requir$ to f9i% 8 "w p]fectly be=e x goes out ( 8 h&s1 & n to tru/ to ! ta/e ( a pressman = its be+ prop]ly pr9t$4 ,! great desid]atum 9 wood engrav+ is to produce cuts :i* c be effici5tly pr9t$ at ! lea/ possible exp5se2 &1 z a means t[>ds ?is end1 x is necess>y t cuts %\ld require ! lea/ possible aid f ! pr9t]1 & be execut$ 9 su* mann] t1 )\t gross neglig5ce1 !y w be c]ta9 to pr9t well4 ,! greate/ advantage t wood engrav+ possesses ov] engrav+ on copp] or /eel is ! *eap rate at :i* its productions c be pr9t$ at "o impression1 9 ! same %eet ) ! lett]-press4 ,to increase1 !re=e1 by an incomplete me?od ( engrav+1 ! co/ ( pr9t+ wood-cuts1 is to ab&on ! great vantage gr\nd ( ! art4 ,! mode ( pr9t+ by ! common press )\t a blanket1 & ( help+ a cut engrav$ on a plane surface by means ( ov]lays1 is n only mu* m exp5sive ?an pr9t+ f a l[]$ block by ! /eam-press1 or a common press ) a blanket & )\t ov]lay+1 b is also mu* m injuri\s to ! engrav+4 ,:5 a cut requires to be ov]laid,,ix-#cg 9 ord] t x may be prop]ly pr9t$1 a piece ( pap] is fir/ pa/$ on ! tympan1 & on ?is an impression is tak51 :i* rema9s z a sub/ratum = ! subsequ5t ov]lays4 ,a second impression is next tak51 & 9 ?is ! pressman cuts out ! light] p>ts1 & notes su* z are too indi/9ct & require br++ up4 ,he !n proce$s to pa/e scraps ( pap] ov] ! correspond+ p>ts 9 ! fir/ impression1 on a %eet ( ?9 pap]1 ei!r 9 front or at ! back ( ! p>*m5t tympan1 9 ord] to increase 9 su* p>ts ! pressure ( ! platt52 & ?us cont9ues1 sometimes = half a day1 pa/+ scrap ov] scrap1 until he obta9s :at he consid]s a p]fect impression4 ,footnote ,,ix-#cg3 ,:at is call$ und]lay+ consi/s 9 pa/+ "o piece ( pap] or m on ! l[] "p ( a block1 9 ord] to raise x1 & increase ! pressure4 ,:5 a block is unev5 at ! bottom1 9 consequ5ce ( w>p+1 und]lay+ is indisp5sable4 ,z ! block is orig9ally ( ! same height z ! type1 x is evid5t t ! ov]lays mu/ v mu* increase ! pressure ( ! platt5 on su* p>ts z !y are imm$iately above4 ,su* increase ( pressure is n only injuri\s to ! engrav+1 occasionally break+ d[n ! l9es2 b x also frequ5tly squeezes ! ink f ! surface into ! int]/ices1 & causes ! impression 9 su* p>ts to appe> blott$4 ,:ile a block1 ) a flat surface1 pr9t$ 9 ?is mann] w sc>cely af=d five ?\s& good impressions )\t ret\*+1 tw5ty ?\s& c be obta9$ f a l[]$ block pr9t$ by a /eam-press1 or by a common press ) a blanket & )\t ov]lays2 ! d>ke/ p>ts 9 a l[]$ block be+ no high] ?an ! type1 & n be+ ov]laid1 are subject to no unequal pressure to break d[n ! l9es1 :ile ! light] p>ts be+ l[]$ are ?us suffici5tly protect$4 ,! int]v5tion ( ! blanket 9 ! latt] case n only br+s up ! light] p>ts1 b is also less injuri\s to ! engrav+1 ?an ! direct action ( ! wood or metal platt51 ) only ! ?9 clo? & ! p>*m5t ( ! tympans int]v5+ betwe5 x & ! surface ( ! block4 ,:5 wood-cuts are pr9t$ ) ov]lays1 & ! pap] is knotty1 ! engrav+ is c]ta9 to be injur$ by ! knots be+ ind5t$ 9 ! wood 9 ^? p>ts :]e ! pressure is greate/4 ,:5 copies ( a "w conta9+ wood-cuts are pr9t$ on ,india pap]1 ! engrav+ is almo/ inv>iably injur$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! h>d knots & pieces ( b>k ) :i* su* pap] ab\nds1 caus+ ind5tions 9 ! wood4 ,! consequ5ce ( pr9t+ (f a c]ta9 numb] ( copies ( a "w on su* pap] may be se5 9 ! cut ( ! ,va9 ,gl[-worm1 9 ! second edition ( ! fir/ s]ies ( ,nor?cote's ,fables3 x is cov]$ ) :ite spots1 ! result ( ind5tions 9 ! block caus$ by ! knots & inequalities 9 bad ,india pap]4 ,ov]lays frequ5tly %ift if n well att5d$ to1 & cause pressure :]e x 0 nev] int5d$4 ,9 ord] t wood engrav+s %\ld appe> to ! greate/ advantage1 x is necess>y t !y %\ld be pr9t$ on prop] pap]4 ,a p]son n practically acqua9t$ ) ! subject may easily be deceiv$ 9 select+ pap] = a "w conta9+ wood engrav+s4 ,!re is a k9d ( pap]1 manufactur$ ( co>se mat]ial1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( its be+ press$1 has a smoo? appe>ance1 & to ! view seems to be highly suitable = ! purpose4 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z su* pap] is wett$ previ\s to pr9t+1 its smoo?ness disappe>s1 & its imp]fections become app>5t by ! irregul> swell+ ( ! mat]ial ( :i* x is compos$4 ,pap] int5d$ = pr9t+ ! be/ k9d ( wood-cuts ought to be ev5 9 texture1 & ?is ought to be ! result ( good mat]ial well manufactur$4 ,pap] ( ?is k9d w n appe> unev5 :5 wett$1 l t :i* has m]ely a good face put ^u x by means ( extreme pressure4 ,! be/ mode ( te/+ ! quality ( pap] is to wet a %eet2 h[ev] ev5 & smoo? x may appe> :5 dry1 its imp]fections w be evid5t :5 wet1 if x be manufactur$ ( co>se mat]ial1 & m]ely press$ smoo?4 ,pap] ( unequal ?ickness1 h[ev] good ! mat]ial may be1 is q unfit = ! purpose ( pr9t+ ! be/ k9d ( wood engrav+s2 =1 if a %eet be ?ick] at "o end ?an ! o!r1 !re w be a p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 ! /r5g? ( ! impressions ( ! cuts accord+ly z !y may be pr9t$ on ! ?ick or ! ?9 p>ts1 ^? on ! latt] be+ light1 :ile ^? on ! =m] are comp>atively heavy or d>k4 ,:5 x is kn[n t an ov]lay ( ! ?9ne/ tissue pap] w make a p]ceptible diff]5ce 9 an impression1 ! necessity ( hav+ pap] ( ev5 texture = ! purpose ( pr9t+ wood-cuts well is obvi\s4 ,z !re is less *ance ( inequality ( texture 9 comp>atively ?9 pap] ?an 9 ?ick1 ! =m] k9d is g5]ally to be pref]r$1 suppos+ x to be equally well manufactur$4 ,mr4 ,savage1 at page #df ( 8 ,h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+1 recomm5ds t 9 a %eet :i* consi/s entirely ( lett]-press 9 "o =m1,,ix-#ch & ( lett]-press & wood-cuts 9 ! o!r1 ! =m )\t cuts %\ld be work$ fir/4 ,8 words are z foll[3--8,:5 !re are wood-cuts 9 "o =m1 & none 9 ! o!r1 !n ! =m )\t ! cuts ought to be work$ fir/2 z work+ ! cuts la/ prev5ts ! ind5tion ( ! types appe>+ on ! engrav+1 :i* w\ld o!rwise take place to its prejudice40 ,footnote ,,ix-#ch3 ,! entire quantity ( types1 or ( types & wood-cuts1 :i* is lock$ up toge!r1 & pr9t$ on "o side ( a %eet at "o impression1 is call$ by pr9t]s a =m4 ,my op9ion on ?is subject is directly ! rev]se ( ,mr4 ,savage's1 =1 "u simil> circum/ances1 ,i %\ld advise t ! =m conta9+ ! cuts %\ld be pr9t$ fir/2 & = ! foll[+ reason3--,:5 any p>ts ( a wood-cut require to be pr9t$ light--:e!r by l[]+ ! block or by ov]lay+--! pressure 9 su* p>ts mu/ necess>ily be less ?an on ^? adjac5t4 ,if !n ! =m conta9+ su* cuts be pr9t$ fir/1 ! pap] be+ p]fectly flat1 & )\t any ind5tions1 all ! l9es w appe> di/9ct & cont9u\s1 unless ! pressman %\ld grossly neglect 8 duty4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! =m conta9+ su* cuts be pr9t$ la/1 !re is a risk ( ! l9es 9 ! light] p>ts appe>+ brok5 & confus$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! inequality 9 ! surface ( ! pap]1 caus$ by ! ind5tion ( ! types on ! opposite side4 ,imp]fections ( ?is k9d are to be se5 9 _m works conta9+ wood-cuts2 & !y are 9 p>ticul> num]\s 9 ! ,treatise on ,cattle publi%$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k4 ,9 _m ( ! cuts 9 ?is "w ! l9es repres5t+ ! sky appe> discont9u\s & brok51 & ! imp]fections are always accord+ to ! k9d ( type on ! o!r side ( ! pap]4 ,:5 bo? =ms conta9 wood-cuts1 ,i %\ld recomm5d t to be fir/ :i* conta9s ! be/4 ,mr4 ,savage's reason1 indep5d5t ( ! prec$+ objections1 is sc>cely a good "o2 = admitt+ t ! ind5tion ( ! types ( ! second =m does appe> 9 ! cle> & di/9ct impressions f ! cuts 9 ! fir/1 :5 ! %eet is j tak5 f ! press1 are n su* inequalities entirely remov$ :5 ! %eet is dri$ & press$8 ,9 ord] to produce good impressions 9 pr9t+ wood-cuts1 mu* m dep5ds on ! mann] 9 :i* ! subject is treat$ by ! design]1 & on ! plate :i* ! cut occupies 9 a page1 ?an a p]son unacqua9t$ ) ! nicety requir$ 9 su* matt]s w\ld imag9e4 ,wood-cuts :i* are delicately engrav$1 or :i* consi/ *iefly ( outl9e1 are ! mo/ difficult to pr9t 9 a prop] mann]1 9 consequ5ce ( _! want ( d>k masses to relieve ! pressure 9 ! m delicate p>ts1 & ?us cause !m to appe> light] 9 ! impression4 ,!re ought nev] to be a l>ge portion ( light delicate "w 9 a wood-cut )\t a few d>k p>ts ne> to x1 :i* may s]ve z /ays or props to relieve ! pressure4 ,9 illu/ration ( :at is "h said1 ,i w\ld ref] to ! cut ( ,k+ ,%ahriyr unveil+ ,%ahrazd1 at page #ae ( ,mr4 ,lane's ,translation ( ! ,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5ts1 :]e x w be se51 t c]ta9 d>k p>ts are introduc$ z if at measur$ di/ances4 ,x is entirely ow+ to ! introduction ( ^? d>k p>ts t ! pressman has be5 enabl$ to pr9t ! cut s well3 !y n only give by contra/ ! appe>ance ( great] delicacy to ! lighte/ p>ts2 b !y also s]ve to relieve !m f t degree ( pressure1 :i*1 if ! cut consi/$ entirely ( su* delicate l9es1 w\ld mo/ c]ta9ly cause !m to appe> comp>atively ?ick & heavy4 ,ano!r in/ance ( ! advantage :i* a cut d]ives f its be+ plac$ 9 a c]ta9 situation 9 ! page1 is also af=d$ by ! same "w4 ,! cut to :i* ,i allude is t ( ! ,return ( ! ,j9nee1 at page #dg1 consi/+ *iefly ( middle t9t1 ) a pill> ( smoke ris+ up f ! gr\nd1 & gradually becom+ light] t[>ds ! top4 ,_h ?is cut be5 introduc$ at ! head ( ! page )\t any text above x1 ! light p>ts w\ld n h appe>$ s delicate z !y d n[ :5 ! cut is pr9t$ 9 its pres5t situation4 ,! top ( ! cut1 :]e ! l9es are requir$ to be lighte/1 be+ ne> to ! types1 ?us receives a support1 & is by !m reliev$ f t degree ( pressure :i* w\ld o!rwise cause ! l9es to appe> heavy4 ,t[>ds ! bottom ( ! cut1 :i* also =ms ! bottom ( ! page1 !re are two or ?ree d>k figures :i* mo/ opportunely af=d t necess>y degree ( support :i* 9 ! upp] "p is d]iv$ f ! types4 ,! engrav] by :om a cut has be5 execut$ is unque/ionably ! be/ p]son t ! pr9t] c apply to = any in=mation z to ! mann] 9 :i* x ought to be pr9t$1 z he alone c be p]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! /ate ( ! block1 & ) any peculi>ity 9 ! engrav+4 ,if any light "p %\ld h be5 l[]$ to a v trifl+ ext5t1 x is sometimes almo/ impossible t ! pr9t] %\ld p]ceive su* l[]$ "p aft] ! block has be5 cov]$ ) ink2 & h5ce1 not)/&+ ! pro( :i* may h be5 s5t by ! engrav] z a guide1 su* a cut is v likely to be work$ (f1 to ! great injury ( ! g5]al effect ( ! subject1 )\t ! l[]$ "p be+ prop]ly br\ght up4 ,9 ord] to avoid su* an occurr5ce1 :i* is by no means unfrequ5t1 x is advisable to s5d to ! engrav] a pr9t$ pro( ( 8 cut1 9 ord] t he may note ^? p>ts :]e ! pressman has fail$ 9 obta9+ a p]fect impression4 ,f ! want ( ?is precaution wood-cuts are b too (t5 badly pr9t$2 :ile at ! same "t ! engrav] is blam$ = execut+ 8 "w imp]fectly1 ?\gh 9 reality ! defect is entirely occasion$ by ! cut n be+ prop]ly pr9t$4 ,! be/ mode ( clean+ a block aft] ! engrav] has tak5 8 fir/ pro( is to rub x well ) a piece ( wooll5 clo?4 ,s long z any?+ rema9s to be done ) ! grav]1 ! block1 aft] tak+ a pro(1 ought nev] to be clean$ ) any liquid1 z by su* means ! ink on ! surface w\ld be dissolv$1 & ! mixture gett+ betwe51 ! l9es w\ld ?us cause ! cut to appe> uni=mly black1 & r5d] x difficult = ! engrav] to f9i% 8 "w 9 a prop] mann] f 8 inability to cle>ly di/+ui% ! l9es4,,ix-#ci ,turp5t9e or lye ought to be v sp>+ly us$ to clean a cut aft] ! pr9t+ is f9i%$1 & nev] unless ! int]/ices be *ok$ up ) ink :i* _c o!rwise be remov$4 ,:5 ! surface ( ! block becomes f\l1 9 consequ5ce ( ! ink becom+ h>d5$ ^u x1 x is mo/ advisable to clean x ) a little soap & wat]1 us+ z little wat] z possible1 & aft]w>ds to rub ! block well ) a piece ( wooll5 clo?4 ,:5 x is necess>y to use turp5t9e 9 ord] to get ! h>d5$ ink out ( ! int]/ices1 ! surface ( ! block %\ld imm$iately aft]w>ds be slightly wa%$ ) a little soap & wat]1 & aft]w>ds rubb$ ) a piece ( wooll5 clo?4,,ix-#dj ,w>m wat] ought nev] to be us$1 z x is mu* m apt ?an cold to cause ! block to w>p & split4 ,! practice ( clean+ wood-cuts 9 ! =m by means ( a h>d bru%1 dipp$ 9 turp5t9e or lye1 is extremely injuri\s to ! f9e/ p>ts1 z by ?is means mo/ delicate l9es are n unfrequ5tly brok54 ,! use ( any?+ damp to clean ! cuts :5 ! pressman f9i%es 8 day's-"w1 is to be avoid$2 z a v small degree ( damp is suffici5t to cause ! block to w>p :5 left lock$ up ov] night 9 ! =m4 ,:5ev] x is practicable1 ! cuts ought to be tak5 out ( ! =m at night1 & plac$ on _! edges till next morn+2 z1 by ?us receiv+ a free circulation ( air all r\nd !m1 !y w be mu* less liable to w>p1 ?an if all[$ to rema9 9 ! =m4 ,z wood-cuts are (t5 injur$ by be+ c>elessly pr9t$ 9 a r\gh pro(1 x is advisable n to ins]t !m 9 ! =m till all ! lit]al corrections are made1 & ! text is ready = ! press4 ,footnote ,,ix-#ci3 ,:5 a block1 aft] be+ pr9t$1 requires ret\*+1 x is g5]ally necess>y to cov] x ) f9e :it+1 :i*1 by fill+ up ! int]/ices1 ?us enables ! engrav] to di/+ui% ! rais$ l9es m cle>ly4 ,footnote ,,ix-#dj3 ,:5 a block has be5 clean$ ) turp5t9e1 & n aft]w>ds wa%$ ) soap & wat]1 x w n receive ! ink well :5 next us$4 ,! fir/ fifty or sixty impressions subsequ5tly tak51 are almo/ c]ta9 to h a grey & scumbl$ appe>ance4 ,x is a fact1 ?\gh ,i am unable to satisfactorily acc\nt = x1 t an impression f a wood-block1 tak5 by a common press1 )\t ov]lay+1 or any o!r k9d ( prep>ation1 is g5]ally light] 9 ! middle ?an t[>ds ! edges4 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,c[p]1 :o has contribut$ s mu* to ! improvem5t ( ma*9e-pr9t+1 :5 engag$ 9 mak+ exp]im5ts ) common presses con/ruct$ ) ! greate/ c>e1,,ix-#da in=ms me1 t he frequ5tly notic$ ! same defect4 ,su* inequality 9 ! impression is n p]ceptible 9 cuts pr9t$ by a /eam-press1 :]e ! pressure proce$s f a cyl9d] in/ead ( a flat platt5 ( metal or wood4 ,besides ! advantage :i* ! /eam-press possesses ov] ! common press 9 produc+ a uni=mly regul> impression1 ! ink 9 ! =m] me?od is m equally di/ribut$ ov] e "p ( ! =m 9 consequ5ce ( ! undeviat+ regul>ity ( ! action ( ! ink+ roll]s4 ,?\gh an equal di/ribution ( ! ink be ( great advantage :5 all ! cuts 9 a =m require to be pr9t$ 9 ! same mann]1--t is1 :5 all are ( a simil> tone ( col\r1--yet :5 "s are d>k1 & o!rs comp>atively light1 balls fac$ ) composition are decid$ly pref]able to composition roll]s1 z by us+ ! =m] ! pressman c give to ea* cut its prop] quantity ( ink4 ,footnote ,,ix-#da3 ,"s ( ^? presses 7 s truly con/ruct$1 t if ! table 7 wett$1 & br\ght 9 contact ) ! platt51 x c\ld be rais$ f its b$ by all[+ ! platt5 to asc5d1 9 consequ5ce ( ! two surfaces be+ s p]fectly plane & level4 ,i v mu* d\bt1 if s(t composition roll]s1 su* z are n[ g5]ally us$1 be s well adapt$ z composition balls = ink+ wood-cuts engrav$ on a plane surface4 ,! mat]ial ( :i* ! roll]s are =m$ is s s(t & ela/ic1 t x does n only pass ov] ! surface ( ! block1 b p5etrates to a c]ta9 dep? betwe5 ! l9es1 ?us ink+ !m at ! sides1 z well z on _! surface4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is is1 t :5 ! pressure is too great1 ! pap] is =c$ 9 betwe5 ! l9es1 & receives1 to ! great detrim5t ( ! impression1 a portion ( ! ink communicat$ by ! s(t & ela/ic roll] to _! sides4 ,= ink+ cuts delicately engrav$ on unl[]$ blocks1 ,i %\ld recomm5d composition balls in/ead ( composition roll]s1 :5ev] x is requir$ t su* cuts %\ld be pr9t$ 9 ! be/ mann]4 ,! great advantage :i* mod]n wood engrav+ possesses ov] e o!r bran* ( graphic art1 is ! *eap rate at :i* its productions c be dissem9at$ 9 conjunction ) types1 by means ( ! press4 ,?is is ! /ronghold ( ! art2 & :5ev] x has be5 ab&on$ 9 mod]n times to compete ) copp]-plate engrav+1 9 po9t ( delicacy or m]e difficulty ( execution1 ! result has be5 a failure4 ,no l>ge mod]n wood-cuts1 publi%$ sep>ately1 & re/+ on _! own m]its z works ( art1 h repaid ! engrav]4 ,! price at :i* !y 7 publi%$ 0 too high to all[ ( _! be+ pur*as$ by ! humbl] classes1 :ile ! m weal?y collectors ( f9e pr9ts h treat$ !m ) neglect4 ,su* p]sons 7 n incl9$ to pur*ase comp>atively exp5sive wood-cuts m]ely z curiosities1 %[+ h[ closely ! peculi>ities ( copp]-plate engrav+ c\ld be imitat$ on wood4 ,?\gh mo/ ( ! l>ge cuts design$ by ,alb]t ,dur] 7 ei!r publi%$ sep>ately )\t lett]-press1 or 9 p>ts ) brief explanations annex$2 yet we _c ascribe ! fav\r ) :i* !y 7 unque/ionably receiv$1 to ! m]e fact ( _! be+ execut$ on wood4 ,!y 7 adapt$ to ! ta/e & feel+s ( ! age1 & 7 e/eem$ on acc\nt ( ! int]e/ ( ! subjects & ! excell5ce ( ! designs4 ,7 a mod]n arti/ ( comp>atively equal tal5t to publi% a s]ies ( subjects ( excell5ce & orig9ality1 engrav$ on wood 9 ! be/ mann]1 ,i h little d\bt ( _! be+ fav\rably receiv$2 _! success1 h[ev]1 w\ld n be ow+ to ! circum/ance ( _! be+ engrav$ on wood1 b to _! intr9sic m]its z works ( art4 ,on tak+ a retrospective glance at ! hi/ory ( wood engrav+1 x w be p]ceiv$ t ! art has n be5 regul>ly progressive4 ,at "o p]iod we f9d its productions di/+ui%$ = excell5ce ( design & fre$om ( execution1 & at ano!r we f9d m]e me*anical lab\r sub/itut$ = ! tal5t ( ! arti/4 ,z soon z ?is *ange comm5c$1 wood engrav+1 z a means ( multiply+ works ( art began to decl9e4 ,x cont9u$ 9 a /ate ( neglect = upw>ds ( a c5tury1 & %[$ little symptoms ( revival until ! works ( ,bewick aga9 br\ght x into notice4 ,! maxim t 8a good ?+ is valuable 9 proportion z _m c enjoy x10 may be appli$ ) peculi> propriety to wood engrav+2 = ! productions ( no o!r k9dr$ art h be5 m g5]ally dissem9at$1 nor ) great] advantage to ^? = :om !y 7 int5d$4 ,9 ! *ild's fir/ book wood-cuts are introduc$1 to enable ! infant m9d to connect words ) ?+s2 ! y\? ga9s 8 k ( ! =ms ( =eign animals f wood-cuts2 & ! ma!matician avails himself ( wood engrav+ to execute 8 diagrams4 ,x has be5 employ$1 9 ! repres5tation ( religi\s subjects1 z an aid to devotion2 to celebrate ! triumphs ( k+s & w>riors2 to illu/rate ! pages ( ! hi/orian1 ! travell]1 & ! poet2 & by its means copies ( ! works ( ! greate/ arti/s ( =m] times1 h be5 af=d$ at a price :i* enabl$ ! v poore/ classes to become pur*as]s4 ,z at lea/ "o hundr$ ?\s& good impressions c be obta9$ f a wood-cut1 if prop]ly engrav$ & c>efully pr9t$2 & z ! additional co/ ( pr9t+ wood-cuts ) lett]-press is inconsid]able :5 comp>$ ) ! co/ ( pr9t+ /eel or copp] plates sep>ately1 ! art w nev] want enc\ragem5t1 nor aga9 s9k into neglect1 s long z !re are arti/s ( tal5t to furni% designs1 & good engrav]s to execute !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dies ,,addidit ,,mea ,,index4 ,a4 ,absolon1 ,john1 arti/1 #egf994 ,accursius1 ,m>iangelus1 note writt5 by1 9 a ,donatus1 #abc4 ,adv]tisem5ts1 wood-cuts prefix$ to1 #ddf n4 ,allegory ( ,dea?1 a tract pr9t$ at ,bamb]g1 #adfb1 #aga4 ,almana* de ,p>is1 ) wood-cuts1 by ,papillon1 #dei4 ,almanacks1 %eet1 #adgj1 #aejj1 #bbe4 ,alphabet ( figures1 engrav$ on wood1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #ajf2 cuts f1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab2 ) figures1 ( a ,dance ( ,dea?1 pres]v$ 9 ! public libr>y at ,basle1 #ceb4 ,altdorff]1 ,a4 #cbj4 ,amman1 ,jo/1 cuts design$ by1 9 a book ( trades & pr(essions1 #djh1 #dji2 o!r cuts design$ by him1 #daa4 ,amonoph1 a "n on an ,egyptian brick-/amp1 #f n4 ,&reani1 ,&rea1 *i>o-scuros engrav$ by1 #dcb4 ,&rews1 ,g4 ,h4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,anelay1 ,h4 arti/1 #ege994 ,angus1 ,george1 ( ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 pr9t]1 wood-cuts us$ by1 9 *eap works1 #ahj1 #bbh4 ,annunciation1 old cut ( !1 #ej4 ,ansdell1 ,ri*>d1 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,ansg>ius1 ,/41 suppos$ to h be5 ! compil] ( ! ,biblia ,paup]um1 #id4 ,anti*ri/1 cuts (1 #fa4 ,antonianus1 ,silvius1 a c>d9al1 claim$ by ,papillon z a wood engrav]1 #ccg4 ,antonio1 ,m>c1 8 copies ( ! ,little ,passion & ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 design$ by ,dur]1 #bea4 ,antw]p1 pa9t]s' company (1 ent]ta9 ,dur]1 #bfa2 procession 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg91 ib4 ,apelles1 ! image ( ! life ( man z pa9t$ 9 a table by1 #dcf n4 text has 8#dcb0 ,apocalypse1 an anci5t block-book1 #fa1 #fh2 cuts 9 illu/ration (1 f ,dur]'s designs1 #bci4 ,appeal to ,*ri/5dom1 e>ly specim5 ( typography1 #ach4 ,ar*1 triumphal1 ( ,maximilian1 design$ by ,dur]1 #bee4 ,ar*]1 ,j4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,ar*]1 ,j4 ,w4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,aret91 ,j4 ,c4 von1 #aad4 ,armitage1 ,edw>d1 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,arm/rong1 ,t4 engrav]1 #eib994 ,arm/rong1 ,wm4 engrav]1 #fjj994 ,ars ,memor&i1 #aac2 cut f1 #aae4 ,ars ,mori5di1 an old block-book1 #aaf4 ,art1 e>ly ,g]man1 #c4 ,ass51 ,j4 ,w4 van1 #cah4 ,a/le's ,orig9 & ,progress ( ,writ+1 #bj4 ,atk9son1 ,g4 ,c41 8 ,life ( ,bewick1 #dgg1 #dgh1 #dhj1 #dhb1 #dib1 #eja1 #ejc1 #eje4 ,au/91 an ,engli% wood-engrav]1 #ech4 ,b4 ,babylonian brick1 #g4 ,balls1 lea!r1 =m]ly us$ by pressm51 n s ela/ic z composition roll]s1 #fbj4 ,bamb]g1 a book ( fables pr9t$ at1 9 #adfa1 #aga4 ,bml]1 ,john1 a pr9t] ( ,augsburg1 #ahj4 ,baptism ( ,drusiana1 #ff4 ,b>ts*1 ,adam1 ( op9ion t ,alb]t ,dur] did n engrave on wood1 #bcg4 ,battailes1 ,la ,fleur des1 #aeje1 #baj4 ,baxt]1 ,george1 8 improvem5ts 9 pr9t+ 9 col\rs1 #djf2 8 *i>o-scuros & picture-pr9ts1 #fbi4 ,beat+ "t ) ! foot mi/ak5 = pr9t+1 #abj4 ,beaumont1 ,sir ,george1 curi\s alphabet ( figures engrav$ on wood1 =m]ly belong+ to1 #ajf4 ,be*t]muntze1 ,h5ry & ,ni*olas1 e>ly pr9t]s1 relat$ to ,gutemb]g1 #adb4 ,b$does1 ,dr4 ,?omas1 8 poem ( ,alex&]'s exp$ition d[n ! ,hydaspes1 ) wood-cuts1 by ,e4 ,dyas1 #agib1 #dfc n4 ,behaim1 ,mi*ael1 lett] to1 f ,alb]t ,dur]1 #bce4 ,behaim1 ,h4 ,s4 #bec n1 #cbj4 ,beilby1 ,ralph1 ! p>tn] ( ,bewick1 #dgi4 ,beildeck1 ,lawr5ce1 8 evid5ce 9 ! suit ( ! ,drytzehns aga9/ ,gutemb]g1 #adch1 #abh4 ,bekk]1 ,r4 ,z4 editor ( a collection ( wood-cuts1 f old blocks 9 ! possession ( ! ,b>on ,von ,d]s*au1 #bbf4 ,bell9i1 ,giovanni1 8 praise ( ,dur]1 #bdb4 ,bells1 inscriptions on1 #bj4 ,b5nett1 ,c4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,b5t+1 ,william1 ,"l ( ,rhoon & ,p5draght1 a fictiti\s "*1 m5tion$ by ,t4 ,nieuh(f ,picc>d1 #cfj1 #cfa n1 #cfc4 ,b]nacle or ,b>nacle ,goose1 #dad4 ,b]n>d91 ,/4 acc\nt ( an old wood-cut (1 #ef4 ,b]oaldus1 ,pet]1 editor ( an edition ( ,ptolemy1 #bja4 ,be/1 ,&rew1 & ,leloir1 _! metallic relief engrav+1 #fcf4 ,be!m/$1 a "n 9 an old book ( wood-cuts1 #aaa4 ,beugnet1 a ,fr5* wood engrav]1 #edg4 ,bewick1 ,?omas1 8 bir?1 #agec1 #dgb2 appr5tic$ to ,mr4 ,r4 ,beilby1 #dgd2 engraves ! diagrams 9 ,hutton's ,m5suration1 #agfh-aggj1 #dge2 receives a premium = 8 cut ( ! ,old ,h\nd1 #agge1 #dgf2 visits ,london1 #dgg2 cuts engrav$ by him 9 a ,hi]oglyphic ,bible1 #dgh2 8 love ( ! c\ntry1 #dgi2 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,beilby1 ib42 8 cuts 9 ,gay's ,fables1 #dhj2 8 cut ( ! ,*ill+ham ,bull1 #dha2 8 ,quadrup$s1 #agia1 #dhb-dij2 8 ,briti% ,birds1 #agig-ahjd1 #dij-ejb2 8 ,select ,fables1 #ahah1 #ejb-ejf2 8 cut ( ! ,old ,horse wait+ = ,dea?1 #eaj2 8 dilig5ce1 #ejg2 8 dea?1 ib42 tribute to 8 m]its f ,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 #eab2 li/ ( portraits ( him1 #eji n4 ,bewick1 ,john1 notice ( 8 pr9cipal works1 #eac4 ,bible1 ! ,maz>9e1 pr9t$ prior to ,augu/1 #adef1 #aci4 ,bible suppos$ to h be5 pr9t$ by ,pfi/]1 at ,bamb]g1 #aha4 ,bible cuts1 ,lyons1 #aech1 design$ by ,holbe91 #cfe-cga2 engrav+s f #hf1 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #ib4 ,bible1 ,quadr9s ,hi/oriques de la1 #djb4 ,biblia ,paup]um1 #hj-id4 ,biblia ,paup]um ,pr$icatorum1 #hc4 ,bildhau]1 #b4 ,b9d+1 old1 #fj4 ,birds1 engrav$ by ,bewick's pupils1 #dib n4 ,birkman1 ,arnold1 ,dance ( ,dea?1 copi$ f ! ,lyons edition1 publi%$ by 8 heirs1 ,cologne1 #aeee-aegb1 #ccf4 ,blake1 ,william1 8 mode ( engrav+ 9 metallic relief1 #fcb2 8 draw+ ( ,dea?'s ,door1 engrav$ by ,l9ton1 #eia4 ,bl9d ,begg> ( ,be?nal ,gre51 cut f1 #ecd4 ,block+ out1 #ehi4 ,block-books claim$ = ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 #eh4 ,blocks1 orig9al1 ( ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 pres]v$ at ,vi5na1 #bia4 ,bolton1 ,?omas1 wood engrav]1 #egf991 #egg994 ,bombo1 ! "n ( a dog1 suppos$ by ,papillon to be ! "n ( a wood-engrav]1 #ccg n4 ,bomb %ell1 cut ( a1 f a book pr9t$ 9 #adgb1 #ahg4 ,borbonius1 or ,b\rbon1 ,ni*olas1 v]ses by1 9 praise ( ,holbe91 #cef1 #ceg1 #cfb1 #cfg4 ,bord]s1 fl[]$1 e>lie/ specim5s ( 9 books1 #bji4 ,bttig]1 ,c4 ,a4 #ba4 ,box-wood1 diff]5t qualities (1 #efc1 #eff4 ,br&l+1 ,h4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,br&s = m>k+ cattle1 #aa4 ,bran/on1 ,rob]t1 notice ( 8 pr9cipal wood-cuts1 #ece-ech4 ,bran/on1 ,r4 ! y\ng]1 wood-engrav]1 #edd2 8 me?od ( engrav+ 9 metallic relief1 #fcd4 ,bran/on1 ,f4 ,w4 wood-engrav]1 #edd1 #ede4 ,brass /amps1 #aj4 ,brasses1 monum5tal1 #ba4 ,braun*e1 ,rob]t1 8 monum5t at ,lynn1 #bb4 ,breitkopf1 ,g4 ,j4 8 attempt to pr9t maps ) sep>ative pieces ( type-metal1 #aggf1 #bje4 ,breyd5ba*'s ,travels1 #adhf1 #bjf-bji4 ,bricks1 f ,egypt & ,babylon1 #f1 #g4 ,bridget1 ,/41 e>ly cut (1 #eb4 ,brief ( ,indulg5ce1 #aded1 an e>ly specim5 ( typography1 #acg4 ,briefe1 c>ds s call$ 9 ,g]many1 #db4 ,briefmal] & ,briefdruck]1 #dc1 #daj4 ,briti% ,birds1 ,hi/ory (1 ) cuts by ,bewick1 #dij-ejb4 ,br\ghton1 ,hugh1 8 ,conc5t ( ,scripture1 ) copp]-plate engrav+s1 #aeia1 #dbc4 ,b*el1 ,emanuel1 a ,dance ( ,dea? copi$ by1 9 wat]-col\rs1 #cbf4 ,buk9ck1 ,arnold1 pr9t]1 8 edition ( ,ptolemy1 #adgh1 ) maps1 engrav$ on copp]1 #bjj4 ,bullet1 ,j4 ,b4 8 ,rese>*es on ,play+ ,c>ds1 #dj4 ,bulw]1 ,sir ,e4 ,lytton1 quot$1 #cih4 ,burgmair1 ,hans1 pa9t]1 & design] on wood1 #bgg4 ,burleigh1 ,"l1 8 portrait 9 ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s edition ( ! ,bible1 #aefh1 #dai4 ,burnet1 ,john1 8 engrav+ ( ,*elsea ,p5sion]s1 aft] ,wilkie1 #bac4 ,burn+ 9 ! h&1 #ab4 ,bury1 ,ri*>d de1 makes no m5tion ( wood engrav+1 #ci4 ,bus9ck1 *i>o-scuros engrav$ by1 #ddj4 ,buttons1 silv]1 engrav$ by ,bewick1 #dgi4 ,bybel1 ,hi/oris*e ,s*ool en ,huis1 ,am/]dam1 #agdc1 ) wood-cuts1 #dei4 ,byfield1 ,john1 wood engrav]1 #edd4 ,c4 ,calc>1 ,john1 a ,flemi% pa9t]1 #dcd4 ,cald]9us1 ,d4 editor ( an edition ( ,ptolemy1 #bjh4 ,camus1 8 acc\nt ( a book pr9t$ at ,bamb]g1 #adfb1 #aga4 ,canticles1 illu/rations (1 #ga1 #gb4 ,capitals1 ornam5t$1 9 ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt]1 #dbf2 9 ,engli% & o!r books1 #faf1 #fag4 ,c>1 triumphal1 ( ,maximilian1 design$ by ,dur]1 #bee4 ,c>ds1 kn[n 9 #acdj1 #dj4 ,c>on1 ,ni*olas1 wood engrav]1 8 portrait ( ,papillon1 #dff n4 ,c>pi1 ,ugo da1 engrav] ( *i>o-scuros1 on wood1 #bcj1 #cjg4 ,c>t\*1 #bh n4 ,ca/s1 /]eotype1 e>ly1 #dah2 mod]n1 #fcf2 cli*age1 #fcg4 ,cat edition ( ,dante1 ,v5ice1 #aegh1 #dca4 ,ca!r9e1 ,/4 patroness ( le>n$ m51 #bjg4 ,ca?olicon ,johannis ,janu5sis1 #ace n4 ,caut]ia1 #ab4 ,caxton1 ,w4 books pr9t$ by1--,game ( ,*ess1 #aia2 ,mirror ( ! ,_w1 #aid2 ,gold5 ,leg5d1 ,fables ( ,esop1 ,cant]bury ,tales1 #aie4 ,caylus1 ,c\nt1 *i>o-scuros execut$ by1 & ,n4 ,le ,sueur1 #def n4 ,cessolis1 ,j4 de1 8 "w on ,*ess1 #aig4 ,*ampollion1 #f n4 ,*antrey1 ,sir ,f4 monum5t by1 9 ,li*field ,ca!dral1 #ehi1 #eij4 ,*>act]s 9 an old ,dut* ,dance ( ,dea?1 #cah1 #cbi n4 ,*>lemagne1 8 monogram1 #ad4 ,*elidonius1 #bdc1 #bea4 ,*elsea ,p5sion]s1 engrav+ (1 aft] ,sir ,d4 ,wilkie1 #bac4 ,*auc]'s ,cant]bury ,tales1 #dh4 ,*ess1 ! ,game (1 pr9t$ by ,caxton1 #aia4 ,*i>o-scuro1 engrav+ on wood1 kn[n 9 ,g]many1 9 #aeji1 #bcj4 ,*i>o-scuros1 #cjg1 #djb1 #dcb1 #ddj1 #dea1 #dee1 #dfg1 #fbh4 ,*ildr5 9 ! ,wood1 cut f1 #ecc4 ,*ill+ham bull1 cut (1 by ,bewick1 #dha4 ,*9ese engrav+ & pr9t+1 #bc4 ,*irotipografia1 or h&-pr9t+1 #dd n4 ,*isels1 #egh4 ,*ri/oph]1 ,/4 wood-cut (1 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,sp5c]1 #de1 #df4 ,*rysographus1 #aba4 ,circul> wood engrav+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #ed n4 ,clayton1 ,j4 ,r4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,clean+ wood cuts aft] pr9t+1 mode (1 #fdi4 ,cl5nell1 ,luke1 a pupil ( ,bewick1 biographical notice (1 #eba-ebg4 ,cl]c1 ,seba/ian le1 cuts 9 ,croxall's sop's ,fables1 copi$ f 8 engrav+s1 #dej4 ,cli*age1 a mode ( tak+ a ca/ f a wood engrav+1 #fcg4 ,coeck1 ,pet]1 ( ,alo/1 8 ,co/umes & ,mann]s ( ! ,turks1 #djb4 ,co9+1 its antiquity1 #ai4 ,cole1 ,humphrey1 an ,engli% engrav]1 #aegb1 #dai4 ,coleman1 ,wm4 arti/1 #eii994 ,collation ( editions ( ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 #ajb4 ,cologne ,*ronicle1 unfairly quot$ by ! advocates ( ,co/]1 #abb4 ,colonna1 ,francis1 au?or ( ! ,hypn]otoma*ia1 #bah4 ,col\r1 ! mean+ ( ! ^w :5 appli$ to engrav+s1 #bac4 ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ,arts & _! ,connexion ) ,manufactures1 #cje4 ,congreve's1 ,sir ,wm4 mode ( col\r pr9t+1 #fcj4 ,concan51 ,m4 wood cut 9 ,miscellane\s ,poems1 publi%$ by1 #agbd1 #dec4 ,coop]1 ,james1 wood-engrav]1 #eej1 #eeb4 ,coornh]t1 ,!odore1 claims ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ = ,h>lem1 #adf4 ,cope1 ,c4 ,w4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,copp]plate engrav+1 its inv5tion ascrib$ to ,v>ro1 #ba4 ,copp]plates1 e>lie/ books conta9+1 #bjj2 ! e>lie/ engrav$ 9 ,engl&1 #dai4 ,corb\ld1 ,e4 ,h4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,coriolano1 ,b>tolomeo1 *i>o-scuros engrav$ by1 #ddj4 ,cornelius1 a bookb9d]1 8 acc\nt ( ,co/]'s inv5tion1 #aej-aeb4 ,co/]1 ,lawr5ce1 fir/ m5tion$ by ,hadrian ,junius z ! inv5tor ( pr9t+1 #adg2 acc\nt ( 8 inv5tion1 #adi4 ,cotman's ,sepul*ral ,brasses1 #bb n4 ,cov]dale1 ,miles1 cuts 9 8 translation ( ! ,bible1 #aece1 #che-chi4 ,c[p]1 ,edw>d1 8 inv5tion = pi]c+ wood blocks = map engrav+1 #bje4 ,cra*]ode1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,m4 pr9ts & books pres5t$ by him to ! ,briti% ,museum1 #gb1 #bca1 #cee1 #che4 ,crana*1 ,lucas1 pa9t] & design] on wood1 #bge2 *i>o-scuros cut aft]1 #bgf2 figure ( ,*ri/ pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 suppos$ to be by him1 #djd4 ,cranm]1 ,ar*bi%op1 8 ,cate*ism1 #aedh1 ) wood cuts1 #chj-chb4 ,creswick1 ,t4 arti/4 #ehh991 #ehi994 ,cropsey1 ,jasp]1 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,cr[n-piece ( ,george ,,iv41 impressions ( ca/s f1 #fah4 ,cr[quill1 ,alfr$1 arti/1 #eig994 ,cross-hat*+1 #bbd1 #bcd1 #efb4 ,croxall's sop's ,fables1 wood cuts 91 #agbb1 #ddh-dea4 ,cruik%ank1 ,george1 arti/1 #eie991 #eif994 ,cun+ham's1 ,dr4 ,william1 ,cosmographical ,glass1 #aeei1 #dba1 #dbe2 8 portrait1 #dbd2 cuts f 8 book1 #dbe1 #dbf1 #dbg4 ,cunio1 ,alb]ic & ,isabella1 pret5d$ wood engrav]s1 #bf4 ,curv$ l9es1 ! effect (1 #ehe4 ,cutt+ tools1 #egf4 ,d4 ,dalziel1 ,bros4 wood engrav]s1 #eei-efb991 #eff994 ,dalziel1 ,?omas1 arti/1 #efb994 ,dammetz1 ,lucas1 call$ also ,lucas ,van ,leyd51 #cjh4 ,damp?1 its effect on box-wood1 #efd4 ,dance ( ,dea?1 9 old *ur*es1 #cbe2 at ,basle1 #cbf2 9 old ,fr5* & o!r books1 #cbh2 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 #aech1 ) cuts1 design$ by ,hans ,holbe91 #cbi-cfd2 8 ,alphabet conta9+ 8 ,dance ( ,dea?1 #ceb4 ,dante1 edition (1 ) copp]-plates1 #adhb2 ! cat edition (1 ,v5ice1 #aegh1 #dca4 ,d>ley1 ,felix1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,dates ( block books & cuts1 mi/ake ab\t1 #eh4 ,day1 ,john1 an ,engli% pr9t]1 suppos$ to h also engrav$ on wood1 #dbe4 ,d5eck]1 ,job/1 publi%] ( a ,dance ( ,dea? at ,augsburg1 #aedd1 #ccf4 ,d5tatus1 ! l>ge cut ( ! dea? (1 engrav$ by ,w4 ,h>vey1 #ebh2 specim5s ( x1 #fja1 #fji4 ,d]s*au1 ! ,b>on ,von1 8 collection ( old wood blocks1 #ic1 #bbf2 8 "*1 #bcf n4 ,desro*es1 ,m4 ascribes ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ to 8,v$el>e ,lodewyc10 #aai4 ,deuts*1 ,n4 ,e4 #cad4 ,dickes1 ,w4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,d9kel1 ,joseph1 draughtsman1 #eic994 ,doctr9ale gette en mole1 #abb4 ,dodd1 ,daniel & ,john1 wood engrav]s1 #edd4 ,dodgson1 ,g4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,dolce1 ,ludovico1 8 ,trans=mationi1 a p>aphrase ( ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 #cid4 ,dom9icals1 /amp$ on pap]1 #abj4 ,dom9oti]s1 #de4 ,donatus1 a grammatical treatise s call$1 pr9t$ f wood blocks1 #aag2 "o suppos$ to h be5 /amp$1 #acdj1 #aba2 idea ( typography p]haps sugge/$ by su* a "w1 #abc4 ,d\ce1 ,francis1 8 op9ion ab\t ! "n ,ma*abre1 #cbe2 8 li/ ( books conta9+ figures ( a ,dance ( ,dea?1 #cbh2 8 edition ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 #ahcc1 #cch2 d5ies t ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons edition 7 design$ by ,holbe91 #cdf2 b believes1 on ! au?ority ( an unkn[n writ]1 nam$ ,picc>d1 t ,holbe9 pa9t$ a ,dance ( ,dea? 9 ! old palace at ,:itehall1 #cfj4 ,dova/on's acc\nt ( ,bewick1 #dgh n4 ,doyle1 ,r4 arti/4 #egh991 #egi994 ,draw+s1 ( a ,dance ( ,dea?1 suppos$ to be orig9als1 by ,holbe91 #ceg2 by ,rob]t ,johnson1 pur*as$ ( ,beilby & ,bewick1 by ! ,e>l ( ,bute1 #eag2 on wood1 mode ( prep>+ ! block =1 #egj2 = wood engrav+1 difficulty ( obta9+ good1 #eib4 ,drytzehn1 ,&rew1 a p>tn] ( ,gutemb]g's1 #abf4 ,duncan1 ,edw>d1 arti/1 #ehc994 ,dnne1 ,hans1 "w done by him = ,gutemb]g1 on acc\nt ( pr9t+1 previ\s to #adch1 #abi4 ,dur]1 ,alb]t1 plac$ z pupil "u ,mi*ael ,wolgemu?1 #bch2 e>lie/ kn[n copp]-plate ( 8 engrav+1 #adid1 #bci2 8 illu/rations ( ! ,apocalypse1 ib42 8 visit to ,v5ice1 #bda2 8 illu/rations ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 #bdc-bdf2 ( ,*ri/'s ,passion1 #bdf-bej2 triumphal c>1 #bee2 triumphal ar*1 ib42 8 e>lie/ et*+s1 #beg2 specim5 ( 8 c>v+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #beh2 8 poetry1 #bfj n2 8 visit to ,fl&]s1 #bfj-bgj2 8 portrait1 #bgb2 lock ( 8 hair pres]v$1 #cba n2 8 dea?1 said to h be5 ha/5$ ?r\gh 8 wife's bad temp]1 #bci1 #bgc4 ,dyas1 ,e4 a self-taught wood engrav]1 #dfc n4 ,dy]s ( ,ov+ham1 #eja4 ,e4 ,edmon/on1 ,s4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,egyptian brick /amp1 #e1 #f4 ,electro-pr9t+ block process1 specim5 (1 #fci4 ,electrotyp+1 #fch4 ,elizabe?1 ,que51 portrait (1 9 ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s ,bible1 #aefh1 #dai2 9 h] ,pray]-,book1 #dbg1 #dbh4 ,emblems ( ,mortality1 ) cuts1 engrav$ by ,john ,bewick1 #aghi1 #cbi1 #eac4 ,emblems1 ,religi\s1 ) wood-cuts1 #ahjh1 #ebj4 ,engli% book1 ! e>lie/1 t conta9s wood-cuts1 #aia-aid4 ,engrav+1 ! ^w expla9$1 #a2 copp]-plate1 #bj1 #bjj1 #dai4 ,ens*$ius1 ,j41 specim5 ( typography discov]$ by him1 #afa4 ,entkri/1 ,d]1 an old block-book1 #a4 ,erasmus1 portrait (1 pa9t$ by ,dur]1 #bfc2 invok$ by ,dur] to ex]t himself 9 behalf ( ! ,re=mation1 #bfg2 8 worldly wisdom display$ 9 8 lett] introduc+ ,holbe9 to ,aegidius1 #cge2 8 ,%ip ( ,fools1 ) cuts by ,seb4 ,br&t1 #dfh4 ,et*+1 ! process (1 expla9$1 #beh n2 9 metallic relief1 #fcb4 ,evans1 ,edmund1 wood engrav]1 #eef1 #efg994 ,eve1 creation (1 conv5tional mode ( repres5t+1 #bae1 #baf4 ,evelyn's ,sculptura1 #e1 #djh4 ,eyck1 ,hub]t & ,j4 van1 pa9t+s by !m1 #bfe4 ,f4 ,fables1 book (1 pr9t$ at ,bamb]g1 #adfa1 #aga2 sop's1 #agbb1 #ddh2 ,select1 ) cuts1 by ,bewick1 #ahah1 #ejb-ejf4 ,fairholt1 ,f4 ,w4 arti/1 #eib994 ,falcon]'s ,%ipwreck1 #ahjh1 ) cuts by ,cl5nell1 #ebb4 ,fanti1 ,sigismond1 8 ,triompho di ,=tuna1 ,v5ice1 #aebg1 #cae4 ,fantuzzi1 ,antonio1 call$ also ,antonio da ,tr5te1 engrav] ( *i>o-scuros1 #chi4 ,fasciculus ,temporum1 ) wood-cuts1 #adgd1 #aij4 ,fau/1 ,john1 becomes a p>tn] ( ,gutemb]g1 #aca2 sues him = money advanc$1 #acc2 ga9s ! cause1 #acd4 ,fau/ & ,s*eff]'s ,psalt] ( #adeg1 #afd4 ,fell[%ip1 or ,guild ( ,/4 ,luke1 at ,antw]p1 #aba4 ,figures du ,n\veau ,te/am5t1 #djb4 ,flaxman's ,lectures1 pr9t ( ! creation ( ,eve 91 #bag2 cut f 8 relief1 8,deliv] u f evil10 #egg992 8 op9ion ( expression& s5tim5t 9 art1 #ehe2 cut f a design by1 #eij4 ,folk>d1 ,w4 ,a4 wood engrav]1 #edd1 #efd994 ,=ma1 a %ape or m\ld1 #db4 ,=ms*neid]1 #ai1 #dc1 #dd1 #daj4 ,fo/]1 ,birket1 arti/1 #eea1 #eef-eeh1 #egj991 #ega994 ,f\rni]1 ,p4 ,s4 8 discov]ies ) respect to ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 #aja2 8 op9ion ( wood5 types1 #acf2 8 works1 #dfg-dfi4 ,fox's1 ,john1 ,acts & ,monum5ts1 #dbh4 ,fracture1 #bhc n4 ,frankl91 ,john1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,frellon1 ,john & ,francis1 publi%]s ( ! second edition ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 #cff4 ,fr5* wood-cuts1 #faj4 ,frey1 ,agnes1 ! wife ( ,dur]1 h] av>ice & ill-temp] said to h ha/5$ h] husb&'s dea?1 #bgc4 ,fri?1 ,w4 ,p4 pa9t]1 #ei4 ,g4 ,gnsfleis*1 a surname ( ! family ( ,gutemb]g1 #abd4 ,gal5us de ,temp]am5tis1 ) a title-page1 engrav$ on copp]1 pr9t$ at ,cambridge1 #aeba1 #dba4 ,galius1 ,ni*olas1 tells ! /ory ( ,co/]'s inv5tion to ,h4 ,junius1 #aej4 ,gamp]l91 ,von1 cuts ascrib$ to1 #cad4 ,g>fagn9us1 ,joseph ,porta1 #cij4 ,gebh>d1 ,l4 ,a4 8 notice ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance1 ) cuts ( arms1 #ahi4 ,gem9i1 ,?omas1 8 ,comp5dium ( ,anatomy1 ) copp]-plate engrav+s1 ,london1 #aede1 #dbb4 ,g5t1 ,?omas1 wood-cuts 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,ripon1 #aha4 ,george ,,iv4 8 signature /amp$1 #ad2 8 snuff-box1 ) designs by ,flaxman1 #eij4 ,gesn]1 ,conrad1 expressly m5tions ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 z hav+ be5 design$ by ,holbe91 #cfd4 ,ghesqui]e1 ,m4 8 answ] to ,m4 ,desro*es1 #abj4 ,gilb]t1 ,john1 arti/1 #efa991 #efc991 #efd994 ,gilp91 ,rev4 ,william1 8 def9ition ( t9t1 #bac4 ,giolito1 ,gabriel1 pr9t]1 ( ,v5ice1 #cid4 ,giraffe1 wood-cut ( a1 9 ,breyd5ba*'s ,travels1 #adhf1 #bfi4 ,glasses1 obs]vations on ! use (1 #egc4 ,globe1 glass1 ! engrav]'s1 to conc5trate ! light ( ! lamp1 #ege4 ,glock5don1 ,george1 an e>ly ,g]man wood engrav]1 #bbg4 ,glock5ton1 ,a4 cuts ascrib$ to1 #cag4 ,goe!1 allusion to ,sir ,!urdank1 9 8 ,gtz ,von ,b]li*+51 #bha n4 ,gold5 ,leg5d1 pr9t$ by ,w4 de ,worde1 #adic1 l>ge cut 91 #aie4 ,goldsmi? & ,p>nell's ,poems1 pr9t$ by ,bulm]1 #eac4 ,goltzius1 ,h5ry1 *i>o-scuros by1 #dcb4 ,goltzius1 ,hub]t1 8 portraits ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors 9 *i>o-scuro1 f plates ( metal1 #aeeg1 #dje4 ,goodall1 ,e4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,goodall1 ,w4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,goose1 ,b]nacle or ,b>nacle1 said to be produc$ f a tree1 #dad4 ,gorway1 ,*>les1 wood engrav]1 #edd1 #fjj994 ,gospels ( ,ulphilas1 #dd4 ,go?ic monograms1 #ae4 ,graff1 ,rose1 #cac1 #cad4 ,gr&-duc de l'arme cle/e1 #agc4 ,grant1 ,w4 ,j4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,gratture1 ! ,fr5* t]m = ! process ( ?ick5+ ! l9es 9 a wood-cut by scrap+ !m d[n1 #dfd4 ,grav]s1 #egd1 #ege4 ,gray1 ,*>les1 wood-engrav]1 #edd4 ,gre51 ,w4 ,t4 wood-engrav]1 #edd1 #edg1 #edh4 ,gre5away1 ,j4 wood-engrav]1 #eec-eee4 ,greff1 ,j]ome1 publi%] ( a pirat$ edition ( ,dur]'s ,illu/rations ( ! ,apocalypse1 #bda4 ,greffi] & ,scriv5]1 #b n4 ,gregson1 ,mr4 ,c41 lett] to1 f ,bewick1 #dgd1 #dgi4 ,gr+onneur1 ,jacquem91 c>ds pa9t$ by1 #da4 ,gritn]1 a ,fr5* wood-engrav]1 #edg4 ,grotesque1 #i n4 ,grn1 ,h4 ,b4 #cbj4 ,gubitz1 a mod]n ,g]man wood-engrav]1 #edf4 ,guicci>d9i1 ,l4 m5tions ! report ( pr9t+ hav+ be5 inv5t$ at ,h>lem1 #adf4 ,gutemb]g1 ,john1 8 bir?1 #abd2 resid+ at ,/rasburg 9 #adcd1 #abe2 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,&rew ,drytzehn1 ib42 evid5ces ( 8 hav+ a press 9 #adch1 = ! purpose ( pr9t+1 #abg2 8 return to ,m5tz & p>tn]%ip ) ,fau/1 #aca2 p>tn]%ip dissolv$1 #acc2 pro(s ( 8 hav+ aft]w>ds _h a press ( 8 own1 #adj2 8 dea? & epitaph1 #add4 ,h4 ,hahn1 ,ulric1 ,m$itationes ,j4 de ,turrecremata1 pr9t$ by1 9 #adfg1 #ahd4 ,hammond1 --1 wood-engrav]1 #fjj994 ,hancock1 ,*>les1 8 pat5t = engrav+ 9 metallic relief1 #fce4 ,h&gun1 figure ( "o se5 9 cut 9 ,valturius1 de ,re ,milit>i1 #adgb1 #ahg4 ,hans1 ,"y1 ,briefmal]1 #aaf1 #bbe4 ,h>ral1 ,horace1 wood-engrav]1 #eff991 #ehc991 #eid994 ,h>r+ton1 ,sir ,john1 8 translation ( ,ario/o1 ) copp]-plate engrav+s1 #aeia1 #dbc4 ,h>tlieb1 ,dr4 ,cyromantia1 #aaf4 ,h>vey1 ,william1 a pupil ( ,bewick1 notice ( 8 works z an engrav] & design]1 #ebg-ecd4 ,hawk9s1 ,john ,sidney1 editor ( ,emblems ( ,mortality1 #aghi1 #cbi4 ,hawk9s1 ,sir ,john1 wood-cuts 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,music1 #aggf1 #dga4 ,haydock1 ,r4 8 translation ( ,lomazzo1 ) copp]-plate engrav+1 #aeih1 #dbc4 ,head ( ,p>is1 ! lov] ( ,hel51 s]ves = t ( ,?ales1 ,dante1 & o!rs1 #bab4 ,hegn]1 ,ulri*1 au?or ( ,life ( ,holbe91 8 notice ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 at ,basle1 #cbf2 ( ! ,g]man names 9 pro( impressions ( ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 #cca2 ( ,hans ,lutzelburg]1 #cea2 8 ,life ( ,holbe91 #cgb4 ,heilman1 ,an?ony1 8 evid5ce 9 ! suit ( ! ,drytzehns aga9/ ,gutemb]g1 #adch1 #abh4 ,he9ek51 ,*>les1 ,b>on ,von1 8 disbelief ( ,papillon's /ory ( ! ,cunio1 #bg2 8 op9ion t c>ds 7 inv5t$ 9 ,g]many1 #dj2 8 notice ( ! old wood-cut ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 #df2 ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 #fh2 ( ! ,apocalypse1 #hj2 ( ! ,poor ,prea*]'s ,bible1 #hb1 #id2 ( ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 #ajj2 8 errone\s acc\nt ( a ,dut* wood-cut1 by ,phill]y ,willem de figu]snid]1 #cji4 ,helg51 or ,helgle91 figures ( ,sa9ts1 #de4 ,h5d]son1 ,dr4 8 ,hi/ory ( ,w9es1 ) ,illu/rations1 by ,w4 ,h>vey1 #ecj4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 8 signature /amp$1 #ad4 ,heures a l',usaige de ,*>tres1 pr9t$ by ,s4 ,vo/re1 #aejb1 #bcb4 ,hicks1 ,g4 ,e4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,hi]oglyphic sonnet1 #cif2 ,bible1 #dgh4 ,highl& ,society1 diploma (1 #ebc4 ,hi/ori>um ,vet]is ,te/am5ti ,icones1 or ,bible-cuts1 design$ by ,holbe91 #cfe-cga4 ,hi/ories1 ! ,f\r1 dat$ #adfb1 #agb-age4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 an anci5t block-book1 #fh-hj4 ,hodgson1 ,solomon1 pr9t] ( ! fir/ f\r editions ( ,bewick's ,quadrup$s1 #dhh4 ,hodgson1 ,t4 ! engrav] ( a cut 9 ,sir ,john ,hawk9s's ,hi/ory ( ,music1 #aggf1 #dga4 ,hog>?1 cut f project$ edition (1 #edd2 sket* f1 #eid4 ,hog5b]g1 ,r4 portrait ( ,ar*bi%op ,p>k] engrav$ by1 #aegb1 #dbb4 ,holbe91 ,hans1 ! design] ( ! cuts 9 ! ,dance ( ,dea? pr9t$ at ,lyons1 #cga2 8 bir?1 ib42 8 m>riage1 #cgb2 h[ employ$ at ,basle1 #cgc2 visits ,engl&1 ib42 revisits ,basle1 #cgf2 8 dea?1 #cgh2 8 satirical draw+s1 #cgh n2 8 ,alphabet1 #ceb4 ,hole1 ,h5ry1 a pupil ( ,bewick1 #dib n4 ,holl1 ,leon>d1 pr9t] ( ,ulm1 8 edition ( ,ptolemy1 #adhc1 #aii4 ,holl>1 ,w4 8 et*+s ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 #ccg4 ,holzs*neid]1 #b4 ,horace1 8 well-/or$ w9e1 #i4 ,horne1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,h4 probably incorrect ) respect to a date1 #fj4 ,horsley1 ,j4 ,c4 arti/1 #eia991 #eih994 ,hortus ,sanitatis1 #adia1 #baj4 ,h\sehold]1 ! ,good1 #dch4 ,h[el's ,m$ulla ,hi/ori ,anglican1 ) wood-cuts1 #agab1 #ddf4 ,hughes1 ,hugh1 8 ,beauties ( ,cambria1 #ech-edh4 ,hughes1 ,william1 wood-engrav]1 #ech4 ,hudibras1 #ahai1 cut f1 #edc4 ,hulme1 ,f4 ,w4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,human ,vit ,imago1 #dcf n4 ,humphreys1 ,noel1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,hunt1 ,w4 ,holman1 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,hunt+ & ,hawk+1 ,book (1 pr9t$ at ,/4 ,alban's1 #adhf1 & at ,we/m9/] 9 #adif1 #aie4 ,hutton's ,m5suration1 ) diagrams engrav$ by ,bewick1 #agfh-aggj1 #dge4 ,hypn]otoma*ia ,poliphili1 #bah1 #bbj1 #bbd4 ,i4 ,images ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ) cuts1 design$ by ,holbe91 #cfe-cgj4 ,impressions f wood & f copp]1 ! diff]5ce 9 ! mode ( tak+1 #d4 ,initial lett]s1 fl[]$1 #aia1 #dbi4 ,insanity ( engrav]s1 #deh n4 ,inscriptions on bells1 #bj4 ,intaglio engrav+ on wood1 s t ! outl9es appe> :ite ^u black1 #bbe1 #dhb1 #fah1 #fai4 ,j4 ,jackson1 ,john1 wood-engrav]1 #ede4 ,jackson1 ,john ,bapti/1 an ,engli% wood engrav]1 p]haps a pupil ( ,kirkall1 #dec2 ,papillon's notice ( him1 #ded2 engraves sev]al *i>o-scuros at ,v5ice1 #dee2 e/abli%es a manufactory = pap]-hang+s at ,batt]sea1 & publi%es an essay on *i>o-scuro engrav+1 #dee-deg4 ,jackson1 ,john1 #ede4 ,jackson1 ,mason1 wood-engrav]1 #ehi991 #fjj994 ,jacob bless+ ! *ildr5 ( ,joseph1 #eif1 #eig4 ,janszoon1 ,lawr5ce1 suppos$ to be ! same p]son z ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 #afb4 ,javel9-head$ *>act]s1 #g4 ,jean-le-,rob]t1 8 ,j\rnal1 #abb4 ,jegh]1 ,*ri/oph]1 wood engrav+s by1 f draw+s by ,rub5s1 #dcg4 ,jettons1 or c\nt]s1 #ai4 ,jewitt1 ,orl&o1 draughtsman & wood-engrav]1 #ehd99-ehg994 ,john1 ,/4 old wood-cuts (1 #fj4 ,johnson1 ,john1 a pupil ( ,bewick1 #eag n4 ,johnson1 ,rob]t1 a pupil ( ,bewick's1 li/ ( tail-pieces 9 ! ,briti% ,birds design$ by1 #dig2 notice ( 8 life1 #eaf4 ,jones1 ,ow51 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,j\rnal1 ,alb]t ,dur]'s1 ( 8 visit to ,fl&]s1 #bfj4 ,judi?1 ) ! head ( ,hol(]nes1 #ddj4 ,junius1 ,hadrian1 claims ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ = ,lawr5ce ,co/]1 #adg-aej4 ,k4 ,k>t5ma*]s 9 ,g]many1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 #dc4 ,ke5e1 ,*>les1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,kill+ ! black1 a te*nical t]m 9 wood engrav+1 expla9$1 #bcb4 ,kir*n]1 --1 wood-engrav]1 #efc994 ,kirkall1 ,e4 copp]-plate frontispiece to ,h[el's ,m$ulla ,hi/ori ,anglican1 engrav$ by1 #agab1 #ddg2 *i>o-scuros engrav$ by1 #dea2 copp]-plates engrav$ by1 9 ,r[e's translation ( ,lucan's ,ph>salia1 & o!r works1 #deb4 ,klaub]1 ,h4 ,h41 repa9t$ ! ,dance ( ,dea? 9 ! *ur*-c\rt ( ! ,dom9icans1 at ,basle1 #cbg4 ,knight1 ,r4 ,payne1 8 beque/ ( a piece ( sculpture1 by ,a4 ,dur]1 to ! ,briti% ,museum1 #beh4 ,knight1 ,c4 8 pat5t illum9at$ pr9ts & maps1 #fcj4 ,koburg]1 ,an?ony1 pr9t] ( ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 #adic1 #bab4 ,kon+1 ,j4 a mod]n advocate ( ,co/]'s inv5tion1 #aed4 ,krism]1 libr>ian ( ! ,conv5t ( ,buxheim1 #di n4 ,kunig1 d] ,weiss1 ! title ( a "w1 ) wood-cuts1 *iefly writt5 by ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 #bhf1 #dhc2 summ>y ( its cont5ts1 ib4 ,kupf]-/e*]1 #b4 ,kttn]1 ,k4 ,g4 8 op9ion ( ,sir ,!urdank1 #bhb4 ,kyloe ,ox1 by ,bewick1 #dhe n4 ,l4 ,lad5speld]1 ,hans1 #cee4 ,la]1 ,w4 ,rolew9ck de1 8 ,fasciculus ,temporum1 ) wood-cuts1 #adgd1 #aij4 ,lamp1 ! engrav]'s1 #ege4 ,l&ells1 ,eb5ez]1 wood-engrav]1 #edd4 ,l&se]1 ,mr4 ,edw91 on vignettes1 #fae4 ,l&se]1 ,mr4 ,john1 8 !ory ( vegetable putties1 #gb2 8 obs]vations on ! t]m col\r1 z appli$ to engrav+s1 #bac4 ,laocoon1 burlesque ( !1 by ,titian1 #dce4 ,lapis1 ,dom9ico de1 pr9t] ( ,bologna1 8 edition ( ,ptolemy1 ) an errone\s date1 #bja4 ,l>1 ! ^w on a ,roman /amp1 #h4 ,lawless1 ,m4 ,j4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,lee1 ,james1 wood-engrav]1 #eic994 ,lee1 ,john1 wood-engrav]1 #ecd4 ,lee*1 ,john1 arti/1 #ehj991 #eha994 ,legl5weiss1 ! ^w expla9$1 #dd4 ,legr&1 ,j4 ,g4 8 translation ( ! ,hypn]otoma*ia1 #bai4 ,lehne1 ,f4 8 obs]vations on a passage 9 ! ,cologne ,*ronicle1 #abb n2 8 ,*ronology ( ! ,h>lem ,fiction1 #aee2 8 rem>ks on ,kon+1 #aeg4 ,leice/]1 ,rob]t ,e>l (1 8 portrait 9 ,ar*bi%op ,p>k]'s edition ( ! ,bible1 #aefh1 #dai4 ,leighton1 ,john1 arti/1 #ehb994 ,leighton1 ,h5ry1 wood-engrav]1 #ehb994 ,le ,jeune1 ,h4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,lel&1 ,john1 8 ,nni1 #aedb1 conta9s a portrait1 engrav$ on wood1 ( ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt1 #cgi4 ,le ,sueurs1 ,fr5* wood-engrav]s1 #ddc1 #dfg4 ,letania ,lauretana1 ) wood-cuts1 ,val5cia1 #agfh1 #dfi4 ,lett]e ,cifrate1 #cie4 ,leyd51 ,lucas van1 visit$ by ,dur]1 #bfi2 8 engrav+s1 #cjh4 ,lhuyd1 ,humphrey1 errone\sly describ$ by ,walpole z an engrav]1 #dbj4 ,libripagus1 a def9ition ( ! ^w1 by ,paul ( ,prague1 #ahb4 ,lignam9e1 ,p4 de1 9 8 ,*ronicle1 #adgd1 m5tions ,gutemb]g & ,fau/1 z pr9t]s1 at ,m5tz 9 #adeh1 #adj4 ,l9ton1 ,w4 ,j4 wood-engrav]1 #edd1 #eij991 #eia994 ,lobel & ,p5a's ,/irpium ,adv]s>ia1 ) copp]-plate title-page1 ,london1 #aegj1 #dbc4 ,lodewyc von ,vaelbeke1 a fidl]1 suppos$ to h be5 ! inv5tor ( pr9t+1 #aai4 ,logography1 #dag4 ,lor5zo1 ,nicolo1 books conta9+ copp]-plates pr9t$ by him1 #adgg-adha1 #bjb4 ,lori*1 ,mel*ior1 #djh4 ,l\don's ,arboretum1 ) cuts pr9t$ f ca/s ( et*+s1 by ,bran/on1 #fcd4 ,l\don1 ,j4 wood-engrav]1 #fjj994 ,l[]+1 ! practice (1 no rec5t inv5tion1 #dfe4 ,l[]+1 concave1 #fah4 ,l[]+1 advantages (1 #fbd4 ,l[]+1 complicat$1 #fbe4 ,l[]+1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 cyl9drical roll]s & ! common press1 s f> z relates to1 #fdj n4 ,lucas van ,leyd51 #cjh4 ,luc*es9i1 an ,italian wood-engrav]1 ab\t #aggj1 #dfi4 ,lu!r1 ,m>t91 8 cause esp\s$ by ,dur]1 #bfe2 c>icature portraits (1 #bfg4 ,lutzelburg]1 ,hans1 a wood-engrav]1 #cea4 ,lydgate1 ,john1 m5tions vignettes 9 8 ,troy ,book1 #faf4 ,lysons1 ,mr4 ,samuel1 lett] f1 to ,sir ,george ,beaumont1 #ajh4 ,m4 ,mabillon1 #ad4 ,ma*abre1 ,! ,dance (1 #cbe-cbi4 ,maclise1 ,d4 arti/1 #efh991 #efi994 ,macquoid1 ,t4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,mair1 an engrav]1 a suppos$ *i>o-scuro by1 #adii1 #bca4 ,mc,ian1 ,r4 ,r4 arti/1 #ehh991 #eij994 ,maittaire's ,lat9 ,classics1 wood-cut ornam5ts 91 #agac1 #ddh4 ,mall9krot1 8 translation ( a passage 9 ! ,cologne ,*ronicle1 #abc4 ,m&]1 ,c4 ,van1 ascribes ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea? to ,holbe91 #cfe4 ,mantegna1 ,&rea1 wood-cuts ( ! ,hypn]otoma*ia ascrib$ to1 #bai4 ,manung1 widd] die ,durk51 an e>ly specim5 ( typography1 #ach4 ,map engrav$ on wood1 specim5 ( a1 #fab4 ,maps engrav$ on wood & on copp]1 ! e>lie/1 #aii2 names ( places 91 pr9t$ 9 type1 #aeaa1 #bjc2 pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 #aech1 #bjd2 improvem5ts 9 engrav+1 ib42 pr9t$ 9 sep>ate pieces1 ) types1 #aggf1 #bje2 improvem5ts 9 pr9t+1 #dag2 e>ly1 on copp]1 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 #dai2 ,knight's pat5t illum9at$1 #fcj4 ,m>col9i1 ,f4 wood-cuts 9 8 ,sorti1 #aedj1 #chi1 #cia4 ,m>ks1 d\ble1 on wood-cuts1 #cej4 ,m>%all1 ,j4 ,r4 wood engrav]1 #eif994 ,m>t91 ,john1 arti/1 #ede1 #edf1 #edg1 #eij994 ,m>t91 ,j4 wood-engrav]1 #edd4 ,m>y de ,m$ici1 h] portrait mi/ak5 by ,papillon & ,f\rni] = a specim5 ( h] own engrav+ on wood1 #dfa4 ,ma/]s1 little1 #cbj n4 ,matsys1 ,qu9t91 ent]ta9s ,dur]1 #bfa4 ,maude1 ,?omas1 extract f 8 poem ( ! ,s*ool ,boy1 #dgc4 ,maug]>d1 ,m4 copy ( an e>ly edition ( ! ,bible discov]$ by1 #aci4 ,maximilian ! ,fir/1 ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 8 triumphal c> & ar*1 design$ by ,dur]1 #bee2 ! ,adv5tures ( ,sir ,!urdank1 ! jo9t composition ( himself & 8 secret>y1 #bhb-bhe2 works celebrat+ 8 actions1--,! ,wise ,k+1 #bhf2 ! ,triumphal ,procession1 #bhh1 #bhi4 ,maz>9e ,bible1 #aci n4 ,mead[s1 ,k5ny1 arti/1 #eig994 ,measom1 ,geo4 wood engrav]1 #ege994 ,me*el1 ,*ri/ian von1 ( ,basle1 8 engrav+s aft] ,holbe91 #cej4 ,m$als1 #cbj4 ,m$itationes ,joannis de ,turrecremata1 #ahd4 ,me]man1 ,g4 8 disbelief ( ! /ory ( ,co/]'s inv5tion1 #aed2 & 8 subsequ5t attempts to e/abli% its cr$ibility1 #aee4 ,m5tel91 ,john1 pr9t]1 ( ,/rasburg1 =m]ly an illum9ator1 #aba4 ,m5tonnire1 #dfe1 #egd4 ,m]*ants'-m>ks1 #ag4 ,metallic relief engrav+1 errone\s /atem5ts ab\t1 #cje2 ,blake's metallic relief engrav+1 #fcb2 portrait ?us execut$ by ,liz>s1 #fcc2 ,woone's1 #fcd2 ,s*onb]g's1 ib42 ,bran/on's1 ib42 ,hancock's pat5t1 #fce2 ,sly's exp]im5ts1 #fcf2 ,messrs4 ,be/1 ,&rew1 & ,leloir1 ib4 ,meyd5ba*1 ,john1 said to h be5 "o ( ,gutemb]g's assi/ants1 #aff4 ,meyd5ba*1 ,jacobus1 pr9t] ( ! ,hortus ,sanitatis1 #adia1 #baj4 ,millais1 ,j4 ,e4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,m9ts1 prov9cial1 = co9+ money1 #ai4 ,mirror ( ,human ,salvation1 #ie4 ,mirror ( ! ,_w1 pr9t$ by ,caxton1 #aid4 ,missale ,h]bipol5se1 ) a copp]-plate engrav+1 #adha1 #bja4 ,m(fet's ,!atre ( ,insects1 #ddb4 ,monogram1 #ac1 #ae4 ,montagna1 ,b5$etto1 wood-cuts ( ! ,hypn]otoma*ia ascrib$ to him1 #bbj4 ,monte ,sancto di ,dio1 an e>ly book1 conta9+ copp]-plates1 #adgg1 #bjb4 ,monum5tal brasses1 #ba4 ,m1 ,sir ,?omas1 #cge4 ,morgan1 ,m4 ,s4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,morl&1 sket* f1 #eib4 ,mort1 les ,simula*res de la1 ,lyons1 #aech1 #cbh4 ,mosses1 ,?omas1 wood engrav]1 #edd4 ,mulready1 ,w4 pa9t]1 #eih994 ,mun/]1 ,seba/ian1 8 ,cosmography1 #dac2 8 lett]s to ,joa*im ,vadianus ab\t an improvem5t 9 ! mode ( pr9t+ maps1 #dag4 ,murr1 ,c4 ,g4 ,von1 ref]5ces to 8 ,j\rnal ( ,art1 & o!r works1 #b1 #i1 #db1 #dg1 #di1 #ea1 #ef1 #gd1 #bbg1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bda1 #bdb1 #beg1 #bfj1 #bfb1 #bfd1 #bfg1 #bgc1 #bha1 #bhc1 #bhi1 #bia4 ,n4 ,names ( wood engrav]s at ! back ( ! orig9al blocks ( ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 #bib4 ,nam+ ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 a piece ( sculpture by ,a4 ,dur]1 #bei4 ,na%1 ,j4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,nesbit1 ,*>lton1 a pupil ( ,bewick1 notice ( "s ( 8 pr9cipal cuts1 #eai-eba4 ,neudrff]1 8 acc\nt ( ,j]ome ,res*1 a wood engrav]1 contempor>y ) ,dur]1 #bcf4 ,ni*olson1 ,isaac1 a pupil ( ,bewick1 #ebg4 ,nor?cote1 ,james1 8 mode ( compos+ ! cutt+s = 8 ,fables1 #ebi n4 ,not>ial /amps1 #ag4 ,nummi bracteati1 #af4 ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 #bab4 ,o4 ,ob]l91 ,j4 ,j4 ,essai d',annales de la ,vie de ,gut5b]g1 #abe1 #acj1 #acf1 #ach1 #adj1 #adc4 ,odes1 two1 by ,lloyd & ,colman1 ) wood-cuts1 #agfj1 #dgj4 ,ortelius1 ,abraham1 8 collection ( maps1 engrav$ on copp]1 #aegj1 #dai4 ,ortus ,sanitatis1 #baa4 ,ottley1 ,w4 ,y4 adopts ,papillon's /ory ( ! ,cunio1 #dai2 8 advocacy ( ,co/]'s pret5sions1 #afj2 ascribes ! introduction ( cross-hat*+ to ,m4 ,wolgemu?1 #bci2 & ! designs ( ! cuts 9 ! ,hypn]otoma*ia to ,b5$etto ,montagna1 #bbj4 ,outl9e1 9 wood engrav+1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! :ite & ! true1 #ehg2 engrav+s 91 #eij4 ,ov]lay+ wood-cuts1 mode (1 #fac1 #fde4 ,ovid's ,metamorphoses1 pr9t$ at ,v5ice1 #adig1 #bag4 ,ov+ham1 ! p>sonage at1 #dgc2 ! *ur*1 #eab4 ,ox=d ,sausage1 ) wood-cuts1 #agfd1 #dgj4 ,p4 ,packh\se's ma*9e = t9ts1 #ehd n4 ,palat9o1 ,g4 ,b4 8 "w on ,p5man%ip1 #cie4 ,palm]1 ,w4 ,j4 wood-engrav]1 #eeg4 ,pap]1 prop] = pr9t+ wood-cuts1 #fdf2 ,india pap]1 injuri\s to wood-cuts1 ib4 ,pap]-m>k 9 an old book ( wood-cuts1 #ajg4 ,pap] money1 e>ly1 #be n4 ,papillon1 ,john1 ! eld]1 #ddc4 ,papillon1 ,john ,mi*ael1 8 /ory ( ! ,cunio1 #bf2 8 "*1 #ce2 notice ( 8 works1 #deg-dfg4 ,p>afe1 or ru*e1 #ad4 ,p>k]1 ,ar*bi%op1 8 portrait1 engrav$ by ,r4 ,hog5b]g1 #aegb1 #dbb4 ,p>k9son's ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris1 #ddb4 ,p>megiano1 *i>o-scuros aft] 8 designs1 #djc4 ,pa/i1 ,matteo1 suppos$ to h design$ ! cuts 9 ,valturius de ,re ,milit>i1 #adgb1 #ahf4 ,pat9's ,life ( ,holbe91 #cgb4 ,patron]1 ! ^w expla9$1 #ccj n4 ,paul ( ,prague1 8 def9ition ( 8libripagus10 #ahb4 ,pe>son1 ,g4 wood engrav]1 #egc991 #egd994 ,pepyr1 ,edmund1 8 m>k1 #ah4 ,p]+skiold1 #ad4 ,petit-,jehan de ,sa9tr1 ,*ronicle (1 #da4 ,petr>*'s ,sonnets1 ,lyons1 #aede1 cuts 91 #djj4 ,petronius1 #h1 #ae4 ,pf9tz+1 ,mel*ior1 jo9t au?or ( ,sir ,!urdank1 #bhb4 ,pfi/]1 ,alb]t1 works pr9t$ by1 at ,bamb]g 9 #adfa & #adfb1 #agj1 #aha4 ,phill]y1 prop]ly ,willem1 de figursnid]1 mi/akes ab\t a cut ( 8 engrav+1 #caj4 ,phiz 7,h4 ,k4 ,br[ne71 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,picc>d1 ,t4 ,nieuh(f1 an unkn[n discov]] ( a pa9t+ ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 by ,holbe91 #cfj1 #cfc4 ,pick]sgill1 ,f4 ,r4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,pictura1 a wood-cut sometimes call$1 #ceg4 ,pilgrim1 ,john ,ulric1 cuts ascrib$ to1 #cag4 ,p9k]ton1 ,john1 8 /atem5t t sev]al ( ! cuts 9 ,bewick's ,quadrup$s 7 drawn on ! block by ,r4 ,johnson1 #dia n4 ,p9x4 et ,scalp4 n to be f\nd on e>ly wood-cuts1 #ce4 ,pirkheim]1 ,bilibald1 lett]s writt5 to him by ,alb]t ,dur]1 #bdb2 8 lett] to ,j4 ,ts*]te1 ann\nc+ ,dur]'s dea?1 #bgc4 ,pittacia1 small labels1 #h n4 ,play+ c>ds1 #dj4 ,plebanus1 a curate or vic>1 #fa n4 ,pleyd5wurff1 ,william1 ) ,m4 ,wolgemu?1 sup]9t5ds ! cuts ( ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 #adia1 #bab4 ,pl\ghman1 ,pi]ce1 8 ,cre$1 #ah4 ,plug1 mode ( ins]t+ 9 an engrav$ wood-block1 #edi4 ,poetry1 specim5 ( ,dur]'s1 #bfj2 specim5s ( ,cl5nell's1 :5 insane1 #ebf4 ,poliphili ,hypn]otoma*ia1 #bah1 #bbj1 #bbd4 ,polo1 ,m>co1 #be4 ,poor ,prea*]'s ,bible1 #hj-id1 #age-agi4 ,portraits ( ,bewick1 li/ ( ! pr9cipal1 #eji4 ,p[is1 ,w4 ,h4 wood engrav]1 #edd4 ,pray]-book1 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s1 #aefi1 #dbg4 ,pr5t]s ( ,antw]p 9 #addb1 #aba4 ,press made = ,gutemb]g previ\s to #adch1 #abg4 ,press1 roll+1 = copp]-plate pr9t+1 #d4 ,press1 /eam1 wood-cuts pr9t$ by1 #fdd4 ,preus*1 8 attempt to pr9t maps by a typometric process1 #bje4 ,pr9t+1 ,gutemb]g occupi$ ) ! inv5tion (1 9 #adcf1 #abg4 ,pr9t+ 9 col\rs1 a figure ( ,*ri/1 ) ! date #aedc1 #djc2 ,savage's decorative pr9t+1 #fbi2 ,g4 ,baxt]'s improvem5ts1 #fbi2 ,c4 ,knight's pat5t illum9at$ pr9ts & maps1 #fcj4 ,pr9t+ wood-cuts1 be/ mode (1 #fdj4 ,priority ( editions ( ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 #ajj4 ,procession1 triumphal1 ( ,maximilian1 #bhh1 #bhi4 ,procopius1 #ac4 ,pro(s ( wood engrav+s1 mode ( unfairly tak+1 #dff1 #fjc4 ,pr\t1 ,j4 ,s4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,psalt]1 pr9t$ by ,fau/ & ,s*eff] 9 #adeg1 #afd4 ,ptolemy's ,cosmography1 ) maps1 engrav$ on wood1 #adhc1 #aii2 an edition pr9t$ by ,dom9ico de ,lapis1 at ,bologna1 #bja2 at ,v5ice1 by ,j4 ,p5tius de ,leu*o1 #aeaa1 #bjc4 ,q4 ,quadr9's ,hi/oriques de la ,bible1 #djb4 ,quadrup$s1 ,hi/ory (1 ) cuts1 by ,bewick1 #agia1 #dhb-dij4 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s ,pray]-book1 #dbg4 ,qu9tilian1 8 notice ( ! mann] ( boys le>n+ to write by trac+ ! lett]s ?r\gh a /5cil1 #ab4 ,r4 ,raffaele1 designs = ! wood-cuts ( ! ,hypn]otoma*ia ascrib$ to him1 #bai2 a wood-cut aft] a draw+ by1 9 ,m>col9i's ,sorti1 #chi4 ,rahm5s*neid]s1 or bord]-cutt]s1 #aij1 #cai4 ,raidel1 8 ,diss]tation on an edition ( ,ptolemy1 #bja2 dates1 errone\s 9 books1 ib4 ,raimba*1 ,abraham1 8 engrav+ ( ! ,r5t-day1 aft] ,sir ,d4 ,wilkie1 #bac4 ,r&ell1 a pr9t]'s appr5tice1 wood-cuts by1 #ahj4 ,raynalde's ,bir? ( ,mank9d1 ) ?ree copp]-plate engrav+s1 #aedj1 #dba4 ,read1 ,s4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,rebus1 or 8"n devises10 #cih4 ,r$grave1 ,r4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,relief1 metallic1 engrav+ 91 errone\s /atem5ts ab\t1 #cje2 practis$ by ,blake & o!rs1 #fcb-fcf4 ,rembr&t1 cuts copi$ f et*+s by1 #eie1 #eii1 #fjb1 #fje4 ,r5audot1 l',abb1 #bd4 ,r5t-day1 engrav+ ( a gr\p f1 aft] ,sir ,d4 ,wilkie1 #eic4 ,repair+ wood-cuts1 #efi n4 ,rep]dius1 ,george1 a pa9t] prais$ by ,ni*olas ,b\rbon1 #cef4 ,requ5o's ,*irotipografia1 #dd n4 ,revelationes ,cle/es sanct ,brigitt de ,suecia1 #cba4 ,reynolds1 ,ni*olas1 an ,engli% engrav] on copp]1 #aege1 #dbj4 ,reys]1 ,george1 pr9t] ( ! ,missale ,h]bipol5se1 #adha1 #bjb4 ,rob]ts1 ,david1 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,rob9 ,hood's ,g>l&1 ) wood-cut on ! title-page1 #afgj1 #ddd1 #dde4 ,rocca1 ,angelus1 m5tions a ,donatus on p>*m5t1 #abc n4 ,rog]s1 ,h>ry1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,rog]s1 ,william1 an ,engli% copp]-plate engrav]1 ab\t #afjj1 #dbc4 ,roll+-press1 #d4 ,roll]s1 composition1 n s good z composition balls = ink+ c]ta9 k9ds ( wood-cuts1 #fej4 ,roman /amps1 #h1 #aj4 ,rotundity1 h[ indicat$ by /raight l9es1 #ehd4 ,r\5 ,ca!dral1 #faa4 ,rubb+ d[n1 #chi4 ,rub5s4 ,p4 ,p4 8 praise ( ! cuts 9 ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 design$ by ,holbe91 #cfe2 wood engrav+s f 8 designs1 #dch1 #dci4 ,ru*e1 or p>afe1 #ad4 ,runic cyph]s & monograms1 #ae4 ,ry!r1 ,augu/9e1 an ,engli% engrav] on copp]1 #aege1 #dbj4 ,s4 ,sa*s1 ,hans1 8 descriptions ( cuts design$ by ,jo/ ,amman1 #djh4 ,salm9cio1 ,&rea1 wood-cuts ascrib$ to1 #dda4 ,s&bag & block1 #ege4 ,s&r>t1 ,j4 8 notice ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?1 ) cuts design$ by ,holbe91 #cfe4 ,saspa*1 ,conrad1 8 evid5ce 9 ! ,drytzehns' suit aga9/ ,gutemb]g1 #adch1 #abh4 ,savage1 ,w4 *i>o-scuros 9 8 h9ts on ,decorative ,pr9t+1 #fbi2 8 op9ion z to ! be/ mode ( work+ a =m conta9+ wood-cuts1 #fdg4 ,saxton1 ,*ri/oph]1 8 collection ( ,engli% ,c\nty ,maps1 engrav$ on copp]1 #aegc-aegi1 #dbj4 ,s*apf1 ,george1 an e>ly wood engrav]1 #adb1 #bbh4 ,s*uffle91 ,hans1 pa9t]1 g5]ally suppos$ to h engrav$ on wood1 #bha1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhe1 #bhg4 ,s*$el1 ,h>tman1 compil] ( ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle1 #adic1 #bab4 ,s*eff]1 ,pet]1 a p>tn] ( ,gutemb]g & ,fau/1 #acb2 m5tion$ by ,fau/ z 8 s]vant1 #acc2 a cl]k1 or copyi/ ( books1 #afg4 ,s*elhorn's ,amnitates1 #aac4 ,s*pfl91 ,v9dici ,typographic1 #abe1 #acb4 ,s*n1 ,m>t91 #gd1 #bch4 ,s*n1 ,erh>d1 #djf4 ,s*onb]g1 ,mr4 8 attempts to engrave 9 metallic relief1 #fcd4 ,s*nsp]g]1 ,hans1 ! pr9t] ( ,sir ,!urdank1 #bhb4 ,s*opp]1 ,h>tman1 v]ses by1 9 a book ( trades & pr(essions1 #dji4 ,s*ot+ ( ,nuremb]g1 a cut ?us inscrib$1 ! date #aehd1 mi/ak5 = #achd1 #ei4 ,s*ul!is1 ,hans1 8 evid5ce 9 ! ,drytzehns' suit aga9/ ,gutemb]g1 #adch1 #abg4 ,s*ussl]1 ,john1 a pr9t] ( ,augsburg1 #ahj4 ,s*w>tz1 ,j4 ,g4 ,docum5ta de ,orig9e ,typographi1 #abd1 #acc1 #acd1 #adb4 ,scopoli1 mi/akes ,mr4 ,b4 ,:ite's sign = ! "n ( 8 p>tn]1 #cac4 ,scott1 ,t4 ,d4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,scrive1 a tool to m>k timb] )1 #b4 ,scriv5] & ,greffi]1 #b n4 ,scriv]ius1 8 acc\nt ( ,co/]'s inv5tion1 #aea n4 ,seals1 engrav$1 #bj4 ,seba/ian1 ,/4 acc\nt ( an old wood-cut (1 #ee4 ,sel\s1 ,h4 ,c4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,%ade = ! eyes1 #ege4 ,%aw1 ,h5ry1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,%ields ( arms 9 ! block-book call$ ,! ,apocalypse1 #fe2 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 #ge1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh4 ,si*em1 ,cornelius van1 wood engrav]1 #dci4 ,silb]rad1 ,dr4 old wood-cuts 9 ! possession (1 #bbg4 ,simula*res et ,hi/ories ,faces de la ,mort1 ,lyons1 #aech1 #cbh4 ,s+]'s ,rese>*es on ! ,hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds1 #i2 8 unackn[l$g$ obligations to ,breitkopf1 #aj4 ,skelton1 ,p]cival1 #eej1 #efi994 ,skippe1 ,john1 *i>o-scuros engrav$ by1 #fbh4 ,slad]1 ,samuel1 wood engrav]1 #edd4 ,sly1 ,/eph51 8 exp]im5ts 9 metallic relief1 #fcf4 ,smi?1 ,john ,orr91 wood engrav]1 #edd4 ,smi?1 ,orr94 wood engrav]1 #ehj994 ,smy?1 ,f4 ,g4 wood-engrav]1 #fjj994 ,snuff-box1 ,george ! ,f\r?'s1 ) designs1 by ,flaxman1 #eij4 ,solis1 ,virgil1 #djf4 ,solomon1 song (1 illu/rations1 #ga1 #gb4 ,solomon1 ,a4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,solomon1 ,b]n>d1 ( ,lyons1 #cih-dja1 #djg4 ,som]vile's ,*ase1 ) cuts1 design$ by ,john ,bewick1 #eac4 ,sonetto figurato1 #cie-cig4 ,sorg1 ,an?ony1 ( ,augsburg1 acc\nt ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance1 ) wood-cuts1 pr9t$ by him 9 #adhc1 #ahi4 ,sorti1 ,m>col9i's1 a "w conta9+ wood-cuts1 #chi-cic4 ,s\!y1 ,rob]t1 8 notice ( two odes by ,lloyd & ,colman1 ) wood-cuts1 #dgj4 ,spani% m>ks1 #ae4 ,speckl91 ,d4 m5tions wood5 types1 #aca4 ,speculum ,no/r ,salutis1 #adi4 ,speculum ,salvationis1 a misnam$ block-book1 #ie-ajf2 cuts f1 #if1 #ig1 #ih4 ,spe$'s ,hi/ory ( ,brita91 #ddb4 ,spor]1 ,hans1 an old briefmal]1 #dc4 ,spr+9klee1 ,hans1 #bhg1 #cbj4 ,/abius1 ,j4 8 description ( ! triumphal ar* ( ,maximilian1 #bef4 ,/amham1 ,mel*ior de1 ,abbot ( ,/4 ,ulric & ,afra1 at ,augsburg1 pr9t+-presses b\ght by him1 #afe n4 ,/ampi51 to /amp ) ! foot z a fiddl] beats "t1 mi/ak5 = pr9t+1 #abj4 ,/amp+ ( lett]s 9 manuscripts1 #dd4 ,/ampilla1 #ad4 ,/amps1 ,roman1 #h2 not>ial1 #ag4 ,/anfield1 ,cl>kson1 ,r4,a4 #egj994 ,/e9]1 ,j4 ,m4 8 notice ( a book pr9t$ at ,bamb]g 9 #adfb1 #agj4 ,/5cill+1 #ab1 #dj n4 ,/eph5son1 ,james1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,/]eotype1 e>ly1 #dah2 mod]n1 #fcf4 ,/igmata1 #ab4 ,/imm]1 ,*ri/oph]1 & ,tobias1 #dac4 ,/ocks1 ,lumb1 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,/oke-field1 knights & bann]ets creat$ aft] ! battle (1 #aia4 ,/oneh\se1 arti/1 #eia994 ,/o?>d1 ,?omas1 ,r4,a4 8 ,illu/rations ( ,rog]s's ,poems1 #ahab1 engrav$ on wood1 #ebd4 ,/rephon's ,rev5ge1 #agbd1 copy ( a tail-piece 91 #dec4 ,sueur1 le1 ,pet] & ,v9c5t1 #ddc2 ,ni*olas1 #dfg4 ,sulman1 ,t4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,swa91 ,john1 wood engrav]1 #egi991 #eha994 ,swa91 ,joseph1 wood-engrav]1 #fjj994 ,sw$i% co9s1 #ae4 ,sweynheim1 ,conrad1 pr9t]1 ! fir/ t devis$ maps engrav$ on copp]1 #bjj4 ,switz]1 cuts engrav$ by1 #ddb4 ,sylvius1 neas1 8 acc\nt ( ! ,b>nacle or ,tree goose1 #dae4 ,t4 ,tail-pieces 9 ,bewick's ,quadrup$s1 #dhf4 ,tell1 ,william1 #daf1 #dag4 ,temple1 ,w4 ,w4 a pupil ( ,bewick1 #ebg4 ,t5niel1 ,john1 arti/1 #eei1 #efj4 ,t]ms1 ab/ract1 d]iv$ f names expressive ( tangible & visible ?+s1 #bad4 ,t]ra-cottas1 call$ ,typi1 #g4 ,te/am5t1 ,figures du ,n\veau1 #djb4 ,!odoric1 8 monogram1 #ac4 ,!r-,ho]n51 ,arnold1 pr9ts at ,cologne an edition ( ! ,fasciculus ,temporum1 ) wood-cuts1 #adgd1 #aij4 ,!urdank1 ! ,adv5tures (1 an allegorical poem1 by ! ,emp]or ,maximilian & 8 ,secret>y1 #bha2 ! text errone\sly suppos$ to h be5 engrav$ on wood1 #bhc4 ,?omas1 ,g4 ,h4 arti/1 #efe99-efg994 ,?omas1 ,w4 ,l4 wood engrav]1 #efe991 #efh994 ,?ompson1 ,*>les1 wood engrav]1 #eda n4 ,?ompson1 ,eliza1 wood engrav]1 #eda n4 ,?ompson1 ,john1 wood engrav]1 a pupil ( ,r4 ,bran/on1 notice ( "s ( 8 pr9cipal cuts1 #eda1 #efi994 ,?ur/on1 ,john1 design] on wood1 #eai n4 ,t9dale1 ,william1 cuts 9 8 translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #aecd1 #chc-che4 ,t9sel money1 #af4 ,t9ts1 mode ( cutt+1 #egg-eha4 ,t9t-tools1 #egg4 ,titian1 wood-cuts aft]1 #dcc1 #dce4 ,tools1 wood engrav]s'1 #egf-ecj4 ,topham1 ,f4 ,w4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,topsell's ,hi/ory ( ,f\r-foot$ ,bea/s1 #ddb4 ,tract pr9t$ by ,a4 ,pfi/]1 at ,bamb]g1 #adfa1 #adfb1 #agj1 #aha4 ,transf]r+ old impressions ( wood-cuts1 #ajd n2 old wood-cuts & copp]-plates1 #fcg4 ,travell+ pr9t]s1 #ahd4 ,tree goose1 #dad4 ,treitzsaurwe94 ,m4 ,secret>y to ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 nom9al au?or ( ! ,weiss ,kunig1 #bhf4 ,tres*el1 ,mel*ior & ,gasp>1 pr9t]s ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 #aech1 ) cuts1 design$ by ,hans ,holbe91 #ccj4 ,trimm+1 #fjf4 ,triompho di ,=tuna1 #cae-cag4 ,tri!mius1 8 acc\nt ( ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 #aca4 ,triumphal procession1 usually call$ ! ,triumphs ( ,maximilian1 #bhh-cjd4 ,trusl]1 ,dr4 8 ,progress ( ,man & ,society1 ) cuts1 by ,john ,bewick1 #fac4 ,turn]1 ,dr4 ,william1 8 acc\nt ( ! ,tree goose1 #dad4 ,turn]1 ! ,rev4 ,william1 8 op9ion ( cross-hat*+1 #efb4 ,turrecremata1 ,j4 de1 8 ,m$itationes1 #ahd4 ,typi1 #g4 ,typography1 inv5tion (1 #aah2 n a *ance discov]y1 #ade4 ,u4 ,ulphilas1 ,gospels (1 #dd4 ,und]lay+ wood-cuts1 mode (1 #fde n4 ,ung]1 fa!r & son1 ,g]man wood engrav]s1 #aggi1 #djc1 #dhc1 #ede4 ,urse ,graff1 a cut design$ by1 probably copi$ by ,willem de ,figu]snid]1 #cac2 o!r cuts ) 8 m>k1 #cad4 ,v4 ,vagabonds & /urdy begg>s1 #ab4 ,valcebro1 ,f]r] de1 8 notice ( ! ,b]nacle or ,tree goose1 #daf4 ,valturius1 ,r4 de ,re ,milit>i1 #ahf4 ,vas>i1 ,george1 claims ! inv5tion ( *i>o-scuro engrav+ = ,ugo da ,cai1 #bcj4 ,vasey1 ,george1 wood engrav]1 #edd4 ,vaugris1 ,v4 pr9t] ( a piracy ( ! ,lyons ,dance ( ,dea?1 at ,v5ice1 #aedb1 #cic4 ,vecellio1 ,ces>e1 8 book ( ,co/umes1 ,v5ice1 #aehi1 #dcc4 ,vegetable putties1 a !ory ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,l&se]1 #gb4 ,veld5]1 ,john1 pr9t] ( an edition ( ! ,speculum ,salvationis1 #adhc1 #ajf2 "o ( ! e>lie/ pr9t]s :o introduc$ ornam5tal bord]s engrav$ on wood1 #aia4 ,v5ice1 =eign c>ds prohibit$ to be br\ght into ! city (1 #adda1 #dc4 ,v]ona1 ,johannes de1 #ahf4 ,vesalius's ,anatomy1 ,basle1 #aedh1 errone\sly said to conta9 cuts design$ by ,titian1 #dcc4 ,vignettes1 #fae4 ,v9c5t9i1 ,j4 ,n4 engrav] ( *i>o-scuros1 #chi4 ,vizetelly1 ,h4 wood engrav]1 #eeh1 #egj991 #ega994 ,vo/re1 ,simon1 ,heures pr9t$ by him1 #bcb4 ,w4 ,waag51 ,dr4 ,g4 ,f4 extract f 8 evid5ce be=e ! ,committee on ,arts & ,manufactures1 #cbb4 ,walsokne1 ,adam de1 8 m>k1 #ah4 ,walton's ,angl]1 cuts ( fi% 9 ,major's edition (1 #eda1 #edc4 ,w&-,kal5d>s1 or %eet almanacks1 #adgj1 #aejj1 #bbe4 ,w>d1 ,james1 ,r4,a4 cut ( a dray-horse f a draw+ by1 #eif4 ,w>r51 ,h4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,watson4 ,j4 ,d4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,watts1 ,s4 8 engrav+s1 #agjc1 #dga4 ,wav$ l9es1 #ehc4 ,web/]1 ,t4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,wehn]t1 ,g4 ,h4 arti/1 #eid994 ,weir1 ,h>rison1 arti/1 #eea1 #eee4 ,weiss-,kunig1 #bhf4 ,we/1 ,b5jam91 8 design = ! diploma ( ! ,highl& ,society1 #ebc4 ,we!m/$e1 ,john1 prior ( ,/4 ,albans1 #aaa4 ,:ite1 ,h5ry1 s5ior & junior1 wood engrav]s1 #edd4 ,:ite outl9e1 #ehg1 #eih4 ,:itehall1 fictions ab\t a ,dance ( ,dea? pa9t$ by ,holbe9 9 ! old palace at1 #cfj-cfc4 ,:it+1 ,*as4 8 col\r-pr9t+1 #fcj4 ,:ymp]1 ,j4 ,w4 wood engrav]1 #edd1 #efi994 ,wilkie1 ,sir ,david1 ,r4,a4 8 sket* = 8 picture ( ! ,rabbit on ! ,wall1 #eia2 gr\p f 8 ,r5t-day1 #eic2 f 8 ,village ,fe/ival1 #fad4 ,willett1 ,r4 8 op9ion ( wood5 types1 #acf4 ,williams1 ,j4 wood engrav]1 #ehh994 ,williams1 ,samuel1 arti/ & wood engrav]1 #edd1 #egb994 ,williams1 ,?omas1 wood engrav]1 #edd1 #edg4 ,willis1 ,edw>d1 a pupil ( ,bewick1 #ebb n4 ,wimp]is1 ,e4 wood-engrav]1 #fjj994 ,wimphel+1 v]ses by him1 celebrat+ ,gutemb]g z ! inv5tor ( pr9t+1 #aee4 ,wirtemb]g1 ,c\nts (1 _! arms1 #gh4 ,wolf1 ,j4 arti/1 #egc991 #egd994 ,wolgemu?1 ,mi*ael1 n ! fir/ t introduc$ cross-hat*+ 9 wood engrav+s1 #bci4 ,wom51 engrav]s on wood1 #bce4 ,wood = ! purposes ( engrav+1 sev]al k9ds m5tion$ by ,papill\1 #dfd2 mode ( prep>+1 #efb-efh4 ,wood-cut1 ! e>lie/ kn[n ) a date1 #de4 ,wood-cuts1 l>ge/ mod]n2 directions = clean+1 #fdi4 ,wood engrav]s1 e>ly1 unfri5dly to ! progress ( typography1 #agi4 ,wood5 types1 #aca1 #acf1 #acg4 ,woods1 ,h4 ,n4 wood-engrav]1 #fjj994 ,wootie1 ,mr4 8 pat5t = engrav+ 9 metallic relief1 #fcd4 ,worde4 ,w4 de1 cuts 9 books pr9t$ by him1 #aif1 #aih4 ,wordswor?1 ,william1 8 high op9ion ( ,bewick's tal5ts1 #eab4 ,wright1 ,john1 wood engrav]1 #edd4 ,wright1 ,w4 wood engrav]1 #eed4 ,wyatt1 ,sir ,?omas1 a wood-cut portrait (1 f a draw+1 by ,holbe91 #cgi4 ,wyburd1 ,f4 pa9t]1 #eii994 ,z4 ,za9n]1 ,gun!r1 ( ,augsburg1 #agi2 ! ,leg5da ,aurea1 ) wood-cuts1 pr9t$ by him1 9 #adga1 #ahh4 ,za9]1 ,john1 ( ,reutl+51 pr9ts at ,ulm 9 #adgc1 an edition ( ,boccacio de ,cl>is ,muli]ibus1 ) wood-cuts1 #aij4 ,zani's argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ,papillon's /ory ( ! ,cunio1 #cf1 #cg4 ,z]leg51 a ^w us$ by ,g]man pr9t]s to d5ote ! di/ribution ( ! types1 occurs 9 connection ) ,gutemb]g's press 9 #adch1 #abh4 ,zuyr51 ,j4 ,van1 claims ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ = ,h>lem1 #adf4 ,zweck]1 ,john ,b4 draughtsman1 #eii994 ,,! ,,end4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,r4 ,,clay1 ,,son1 ,,& ,,taylor1 ,,bread ,,/reet ,,hill4 ,errors & ,inconsi/5cies 7not$ by transcrib]7 ,inconsi/5t spell+s 7 only regul>iz$ :5 !re 0 a /rong prepond]ance2 *anges are individually not$4 ,! v>i\s spell+s ( ! "n n[ writt5 8,%akespe>e0 are un*ang$1 z are ! =ms 8,alb]t ,dur]0 & 8,gutemb]g04 ,g]man citations consi/5tly omit ! p]iod 7full /op7 9 ref]5ces su* z 8#b ,!il04 ,o!r un*ang$ =ms include3 cross l9e 3 cross-l9e figu]snid] 3 figursnid] =e-_/back-gr\nd 3 =e_/backgr\nd type-f\nd] 3 typef\nd] wood-cut 3 woodcut wood-engrav] 3 wood engrav] ,s*auffle9 3 ,s*uffle9 ,9 ! ,index1 miss+ or inconsi/5t punctuation 0 sil5tly regul>iz$4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations life ( ,/4 ,bir9us1 ( ! twelf? c5tury twel? ,,*apt] ,i ! loit]+ cask1 7t be>s its _/ date7 f date1 f 9 ! same passage1 8,lyde0 = expect$ 8,lydus0 is 9 ,sm>t & ev5 all[+ him to be s9c]e eve nall[+ expla9 & dictate to me4 text has sup]flu\s close quote :i* h be5 alleg$ 9 its fav\r by ,mr4 ,ottley4 ,mr ,ottley4 8,x is possible10 says ,zani1 say ,footnote ,i-#ci 444 ! tale ( ! ,cunio at p4 #hi1 tom4 i4 tom i4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,footnote ,,ii-#b 444 ,t is3 8always except+ op5 quote miss+ ,! t]m ,=ms*neid]1 :i* 0 orig9ally us$ ,=ns*neid] ,footnote ,,ii-#g 444 d] ,spielk>t5 ,zu er=s*51 ,zu]=s*5 lu/ra _/ cors 4 api5tie pr9t$ z %[n3 probably error = 8lu/ra _/ tor 4 sapi5tie0 mu* bett] calculat$ to ov]?r[4,,ii-#dc ov]?r[40 8,confute ! exciseman & puzzle ! vic>1--0 close quote miss+ ,on ^! ,i h no?+ to rem>k fur!r fu!r n 9 ! belief t ,i h made any important discov]y f9al t 9 8important0 invisible n s old z ei!r ! ,apocalypse or ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 ,apocalpyse ,muli] autem 9 p>adiso e/ =mata =mato ,david ) ,golia?'s head ,goliah's ,! title at full l5g? is z foll[s3 8,ars memor&i op5 quote miss+ ,,*apt] ,,iii 7,display+ ?us 8 meikle skill17 clos+ p>5!sis miss+ ,footnote ,,iii-#b 444 8,j'ai r5du ,v$el>e r5dn = 9 no c\ntry are books to be f\nd pr9t$ foe 9 ,,iii-#ai footnote tag miss+3 be/ guess e95 spt]n tag spat]n ,ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty-eight ye>s ago text has sup]flu\s op5 quote 0 pr9t$ by ,ketel> & ,leempt spell+ un*ang$ ,,*apt] ,,iv ,footnote ,,iv-#e 444 writt5 at ,p>is 9 #addi a 9 8at0 invisible pr9t$ at ! press ( ,haass ! ,y\ng]1 ( ,basil spell+ un*ang$ n only 9 ,g]many1 b 9 ,france1 ,holl&1 & ,switz]l& ,france ,holl&1 or ev5 any ( ^? cuts 7 design$ by him hose cuts 8 0--8at once sweet & bitt]40 pr9t$ z %[n1 mat*+ ! illu/ration2 ! quotation is usually giv5 z ,,*apt] ,v necess>y to exam9e ! gr\nds ( ?is op9ion4 gronnds wood engrav+s suppos$ to h be5 execut$ by ,alb]t ,dur] excut$ ,footnote ,v-#ab 444 we f9d ! words3 8,g$rukt dur* ,albre*t ,dur]1 ,mal]10 op5 quote miss+ ,footnote ,v-#ac 444 is call$ 8 8w&]-jahre10 op5 quote miss+ h evid5tly be5 suppli$ by 8 own c\ntry4 f9al 4 invisible ,footnote ,v-#bg 444 betwe5 page #gcj & page #gca4 f9al 4 miss+ ,footnote ,v-#cj 444 impressus v]o p] ,alb]tum ,dur]4 ,anno ,,mdxxiii40 close quote miss+ ,footnote ,v-#ce 444 ,= bit+-9 on /eel1 nitric acid is us$ comma aft] 8/eel0 invisible ,dur] proce$$ f ,nuremb]g direct to ,bamb]g foom ,footnote ,v-#dj 444 r a 8humble fri5d0 ?an a m5ial s]vant l 9 8m5ial0 invisible ,footnote ,v-#de 444 8,am ,donn]/age na* ,m>i5 ,himmelfahrt10 ,donnn]/age ,footnote ,v-#di 444 0 a support] ( ! doctr9es ( ,lu!r40 close quote miss+ ,footnote ,v-#ec 444 a lett] address$ to 8,h]nn ,frey 9 ,zuri*10 spell+ un*ang$ ,footnote ,v-#fb 444 8,g6 ,g6 ,tell t to a girl :o reads ,sir ,!urdank1 & wi%es t %e may h su* a husb&40 text un*ang$3 correct translation is plural 8:o read 444 & wi% t !y4440 ,footnote ,v-#fg 444 neb/ von ,hanns5 ,burgmair dazu v]f]tigt5 ,holzs*nitt54 ,h]ausgeb5 aus dem ,manuscripte d] ,kais]l4 ,knigl4 ,h(biblio!k 444 pr9t$ z %[n1 b real title is 444 8neb/ d5 von ,hanns5 ,burgmair 444 ,h]ausgegeb5 aus dem ,manuscripte40 ,ab\t ?irty-five *apt]s1 f ,,xv4 to ,l41 are *iefly occupi$ to ,l1 are ,footnote ,v-#hc 8,j'ai tr\v dans les ,receueils de l',abb de ,m>olles pr9t$ z %[n1 b s\rce has 8,recueils0 ,footnote ,v-#ij 444 ,by comissyon ( ,h]odes crueltie4 rueltie ,,*apt] ,,vi #aj4 ,die ,keys]9n4--,! ,empress4 anomal\s 4 9 orig9al ,to ,engl& /raightway let him s5d1 n 9 8s5d0 invisible ,:5 ,mr4 ,d\ce /at$ t x 0 ,mr ,d\ce ,x /rik+ly exemplifies ,mr4 ,d\ce's eag]ness ,mr ,d\ce's =ms ! tail-piece at ! end ( ! volume4 tailpiece ,,vi-#aba footnote tag miss+3 be/ guess ,,*apt] ,,vii ,illu/ration3 _/ ,,?omas ,,bewick ! lett]s ( ! "n itself are ! illu/ration ,footnote ,,vii-#cd 444 ab\t five miles nor?-nor?-we/ ( ,kirk-,oswald4 f9al 4 miss+ z mu* 9 hav+ caught an ass z 9 ! prospect ( a ride4 f9al 4 miss+ we are l$ to suppose t he _h be5 indulg+ too freely on ! ,k+'s bir?-day on ! ! ,footnote ,,vii-#fb 444 at ,morpe?1 nam$ ,ra/ack1 or ,rai/ick40 close quote miss+ ,footnote ,,vii-#fe 444 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,bewick1 :o1 aft] ,mr4 ,beilby's retirem5t ,mr ,beilby's ,,*apt] ,,viii ,mr4 ,pe>son has lately be5 engag$ 9 engrav+ ,ic?yological subjects spell+ un*ang$ ,fav\rite ,mod]n ,ballads1 ,fav\rite ,engli% ,poems ,englis ,illu/rations ,,specim5s ,,( ,,engrav+ ,,by ,,orl&o ,,jewitt4 444 ,,lett]n4 ^w is "p ( engrav+ ,,mr4 ,,creswick1 ,r4,a41 ! di/+ui%$ pa9t] ,r4,a4 ! ,,&rews1 ,g4 ,h4 ,figure subjects & ,l&scapes2 ,m9i/]+ ,*ildr54--,,ansdell1 ,ri*>d4 ,animals2 ,rhymes & ,r\ndelayes4-- ,,armitage1 ,edw>d4 ,,&rews ,g4 ,h4 444 ,,armitage ,edw>d4 ,,ar*]1 ,j4 ,w4 444 ,b>ry ,cornwall's ,poems1 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&4-- ,,coleman1 ,wm4 444 ,poets ( ! ,we/4--,,dickes1 ,lays ( ! ,holy ,l&-- 444 ,we/--,,dickes ,,*apt] ,,ix ,footnote ,,ix-#f 444 :]e x soon eat up ev]y?+ text un*ang$3 probably correct ,,ix-#aj footnote tag miss+3 be/ guess t ! col\r w\ld be proportionably /rong] text un*ang$ ,messrs4 ,vizetelly1 ,bran/on1 & ,co4 ,vizitelly by means ( a roll+-press1 comma invisible ,,ix-#ch footnote tag miss+3 be/ guess ,,index ,dante1 edition (1 ) copp]-plates1 #adhb copp]plates ,fracture pr9t$ z %[n1 b body text has 8,fractur0 ,hi]oglyphic 444 ,bible1 #dgh4 page ref]5ce miss+ ,packh\se's ma*9e = t9ts pr9t$ & alphabetiz$ z %[n1 b body text has 8,p>kh\se0 ,s&r>t1 ,j4 ,s&rant