,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,italic text is m>k$ ?us2 bold text is %[n ?us4 ,app>5t typographical errors h be5 correct$ & hyph5ation /&>dis$4 ,unusual punctuation & orig9al spell+ h be5 reta9$4 ,fig4 numb]s d n foll[ 9 /rict num]ical ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,front ,cov]4 ,,! ,,boy ,,craftsman ,,h&icraft ,,books ,,by ,a4 ,,neely ,,hall #hvo4 ,clo?4 ,illu/rat$ ) hundr$s ( photographs & work+ draw+s by ! au?or & ,norman ,p4 ,hall ,,! ,,boy ,,craftsman ,,h&icraft ,,= ,,h&y ,,boys 7,revis$ ,edition7 ,,! ,,h&y ,,boy 7,revis$ ,edition7 ,,home-,,made ,,toys ,,= ,,girls ,,& ,,boys ,,h&icraft ,,= ,,h&y ,,girls ,,c>p5try ,,& ,,me*anics ,,= ,,boys ,,home-,,made ,,games ,,& ,,game ,,equipm5t 7,revis$ ,edition7 ,,outdoor ,,boy ,,craftsm5 ,,big ,,book ,,( ,,boys' ,,hobbies ,,lo?rop1 ,,lee ,,%ep>d ,,company ,,bo/on ,,new ,,york ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,boy',s ,,work%op4 ,,! ,,boy ,,craftsman ,practical & ,pr(itable ,ideas = a ,boy's ,leisure ,h\rs ,,by ,a4 ,neely ,hall ,) m ?an f\r hundr$ illu/rations by ! au?or & ,norman ,p4 ,hall ,illu/ration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,bo/on ,,lo?rop1 ,,lee ,,%ep>d ,,co4 ,,copyright1 #aije1 ,,by ,,lo?rop1 ,,lee ,,%ep>d ,,company4 ,publi%$1 ,augu/1 #aije4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,,! ,,boy ,,craftsman4 ,norwood ,press ,j4 ,s4 ,cu%+ ,co4--,b]wick ,smi? ,co4 ,norwood1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,"w h>d--,play h>d4 --,,!odore ,,roosevelt4 ,,note ,,to ,,! ,,read] ,! boy ( to-day is ev] on ! look\t = new ideas :i* c be adopt$ = 8 "w & recreation1 s*emes :i* are practical & :i* are ?or\ghly up-to-date4 ,!y mu/ be helpful 9 sugge/+ ways ( e>n+ money1 z well z ent]ta9+1 = :at boy ( ! pres5t day does n feel ! ne$ ( su* sugge/ions to aid him 9 rais+ ! funds necess>y to c>ry on 8 "w8 ,9 none ( ! books publi%$ on boy's h&icraft has ! "q ent]$ into consid]ation z to h[ he is to obta9 ! means ) :i* to buy su* mat]ials & app>atus z ! "w requires4 ,a boy %\ld n expect to draw ^u 8 fa!r's purse = ev]y?+ 8 fancy desires4 ,x is important t he le>n to e>n 8 sp5d+ money1 = 9 do+ s he becomes indep5d5t & m c>eful z to h[ he inve/s x4 ,hav+ _h ! exp]i5ce ( work+1 ! av]age boy le>ns to s appreciate ! value ( h>d-e>n$ money t x is pretty c]ta9 he w sp5d x only = some?+ ) :i* he c e>n m or :i* w prove useful to him 9 8 "w & play4 ,! ,boy ,craftsman has be5 und]tak5 ) a view ( help+ boys ) _! problems ( e>n+ money1 z well z furni%+ recreative & ent]ta9+ "w1 & to ?is end ! fir/ portion has be5 devot$ to sugge/ions = ! c>ry+ on ( a numb] ( small bus9ess ent]prises1 & ! second & ?ird p>ts to outdoor & indoor pa/imes = all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,9 ,pr(itable ,pa/imes a boy w f9d "w t w make easy ! matt] ( e>n+ money ) :i* to buy su* mat]ials z he ne$s to c>ry out ! sugge/ions (f]$ 9 ! book1 :ile ! practical k acquir$ & ! h&9ess develop$ 9 pursu+ ! sev]al l9es ( "w is c]ta9 to be helpful to him 9 lat] ye>s4 ,! tools & app>atus us$ are su* z a boy ( av]age ability c procure ) a little hu/l+1 & c be pur*as$ s+ly1 or two or ?ree at a "t1 z 8 money p]mits4 ,! mat]ials at h& c be us$ 9 ?\s&s ( diff]5t ways1 & 9 prep>+ ! *apt]s ?is has be5 tak5 into consid]ation1 ^! odds & ends be+ utiliz$ :5ev] x has be5 possible to d s4 ,c>p5t] "w is some?+ ) :i* e boy mu/ famili>ize himself to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 ord] to d any?+ 9 ! l9e ( con/ruction1 s ! fitt+ up ( a work%op & ! prop] h&l+ ( tools h be5 describ$ 9 ! fir/ two *apt]s1 9 view ( mak+ x a simple matt] to p]=m ! "w embodi$ 9 ! re/ ( ! book4 ,te*nical t]ms & phrases h be5 elim9at$ f ! text z f> z possible1 & :]e x has be5 deem$ necess>y to include !m1 to describe c]ta9 op]ations = :i* a boy %\ld "k ! prop] t]ms or expressions1 !y h g5]ally be5 expla9$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] 9 :i* !y occur4 ,to simplify ! matt] ( ref]r+ to ! def9itions ( ^!1 !y h be5 arrang$ alphabetically 9 ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,"s ( ! mat]ial conta9$ 9 ?is book 0 orig9ally writt5 by ! au?or 9 ! =m ( magaz9e articles = ,! ,am]ican ,boy & ,! ,boys' ,_w1 & ?anks are due ! publi%]s1 ,! ,sprague ,publi%+ ,company & ,! ,david ,c4 ,cook ,publi%+ ,company1 = p]mission to repr9t x4 ,?is mat]ial has be5 revis$ & enl>g$ ^u1 & is pres5t$ ) new & additional illu/rations4 ,! au?or is always glad to he> f 8 "y read]s1 & to be ( assi/ance to !m 9 answ]+ any que/ions !y wi% to ask reg>d+ _! "w4 ,a4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,*icago1 ,,ill9ois1 ,may #ca1 #aije4 ,,cont5ts ,illu/ration3 ,boy ',fix+' ,clock ) a ,hamm]4 ,,"p ,i ,,pr(itable ,,pa/imes ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,a ,,boy',s ,,work%op #c ,value ( a ,k ( ,c>p5t] ,"w--,location ( ,%op--,a ,solid ,"w-b5*--,! ,vise--,b5*-/ops--,c>p5t]'s ,horses--,a ,b5*-hook--,a ,mitre-box--,a ,s&-pap] ,block--,a ,/rop--,a ,plumb-- ,pur*as+ ,tools--,tool-cab9ets--,racks = ,tools--,a ,c>p5t]'s ,c>ry+-box--,a ,nail-box--,receptacles = ,supplies--,work%op ,clo!s--,c>e ( ,oily ,rags & ,wa/e4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,prop] ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,tools #bj ,c>e ( ,tools--,! ,cross-cut ,saw & ,rip-saw--,saw+--,! ,back-saw1 ,compass-saw1 & ,gig-saw--,k]fs--,! ,jack-plane1 ,=e-plane1 & ,smoo?+-plane--,plan+--,te/+ ,"w--,! ,firm]-*isel--,p>+--,! ,fram+-*isel-,*amf]+ & ,bevell+ --,! ,g\ge--,! ,draw-knife--,bor+--,an ,automatic-drill-- ,hat*et & ,hamm]--,driv+ ,nails--,)draw+ ,nails--,toe-nail+ --,bl9d-nail+--,cl9*+--,! ,nail-set--,nails--,screw-driv] = ,bit-/ock--,screws--,! ,c\nt]s9k4 ,,%>p5+ ,,tools #cg ,gr9d+ ,*isels1 ,g\ges1 ,draw-knives1 ,knives & ,hat*ets--,! ,wa%ita ,oil-/one--,:ett+--,/ropp+--,%>p5+ ,saws4 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,"w #db ,use ( ! ,try-squ>e--,gaug+ ) ,rule & ,p5cil--,a ,m>k+-gauge --,a ,mitr$ ,try-squ>e--,! ,bevel--,to ,divide a ,bo>d4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,boy ,,ab\t ,,! ,,h\se #dg ,opportunities = ,"w--,outfit = ,jobb+--,! ,h+e-lock-- ,clo!s-l9e ,reel--,a ,broom & ,du/-pan ,rack--,! ,fly-kill]--,an ,a%-sift]--,a ,bread-bo>d--,a ,plate-rack ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,a ,,boy',s ,,room #eg ,simple & ,inexp5sive ,furni%+s--,:at ! ,room %\ld ,conta9--,a ,cosey-corn]--,p5nants--,small ,po/]s--,picture-frames--,a ,writ+-desk--,ano!r ,/yle ( ,desk--,an ,ink-/& & ,p5-tray--,a ,c\*--,a ,w9d[-seat--,a ,curio-cab9et--,book-%elves--,a ,black+-case--,a ,t[el-rack4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,doll-,,h\se #ga ,/ore ,doll-h\ses--,pr(it f mak+ ,doll-h\ses--,! ,mat]ials ,requir$--,! ,base--,! ,floors--,p>titions & ,walls--,/airways --,balu/rades--,front & ,re> ,/eps--,! ,gambrel ,ro(--,! ,gable-ends--,! ,doors & ,w9d[s--,outside ,trimm+s--,ca/]s-- ,! ,*imneys--,a ,mantel & ,fire-place--,&irons--,! ,int]ior ,woodwork--,pa9t+ ! ,h\se4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,ano!r ,,doll-,,h\se ,,& ,a ,,/able #ia ,pack+-cases & ,o!r ,mat]ial--,! ,floor ,plans--,! ,p>titions & ,walls--,! ,elevator-%aft--,! ,w9d[s--,! ,ro(--,! ,*imney--,an ,elevator--,! ,gable-ends--,! ,/airway--,a ,balu/rade --,o!r ,details4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,/able #ajj ,dim5sions ( ,/able--,! ,fir/ ,/ory--,! ,ro(--,! ,gable-ends-- ,! ,/all ,p>titions & ,fe$-tr\ghs--,w9d[s--,ladd] to ,hay-l(t --,fe$-hoi/--,! ,drop-front--,a ,/able ,door--,pa9t+4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,furni%+ ,,! ,,doll-,,h\se #aje ,! ,walls & ,ceil+--,h>dwood ,floors--,c>pets & ,rugs-- ,w9d[-%ades & ,curta9s--,porti]es--,pictures--,a ,cosey-corn]-- ,buy+ ,furni%+s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,doll-,,furniture #aji ,metal ,furniture--,m9iature ,mission ,furniture--,mat]ial--,draw+ ! ,patt]ns--,! ,*airs--,! ,settee--,tables--,a ,side-bo>d--,a ,mirror--,! ,gr&fa!r's ,clock--,kit*5 ,furniture--,! ,b$s-- ,! ,dress]--,a ,wa%-/&--,f9i%+4 ,,o!r ,,cig>-,,box ,,furniture #abb ,a ,fold+-b$--,! ,dress]--,a ,w>drobe4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,a ,,boy',s ,,pr9t+-,,%op #abf ,location ( ,pr9t+-%op--,equipm5t--,selection ( ,type-- ,type-cases--,a ,rack = ,type-cases--,a ,compos+-/ick--,a ,compos+-rule--,ju/ify+--,a ,home-made ,galley--,pie+--,pro(s --,! ,impos+-/one--,! ,*ase--,furniture--,lock+-up a ,=m-- ,di/ribution--,! ,tympan--,ov]lay+--,und]lay+--,gauge-p9s -- ,ink+ ! ,press--,c>e ( ,roll]s--,neatness--,receptacles = ,mat]ials--,c>e ( ,wa/e ,pap] & ,oily ,rags4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,amateur ,,j\rnalism #adb ,a ,collection ( ,amateur ,pap]s--,amateur ,press ,associations--,"s ,me?ods ( ,pr9t+ ,pap]s--,examples ( ,amateur ,pap]s--,! ,"* ( a ,pap]--,nam+--,! ,frequ5cy ( ,publication--,! ,size ( ,page--,a ,/]eotyp$ ,head+--,! ,*oice ( ,type--,a ,cov] --,b9d+--,adv]tisem5ts--,! ,adv]tis]s' ,dummy--,second-class ,matt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,a ,,boy',s ,,d>k-,,room #aec ,pr(it 9 ,photography--,! ,necess>y ,equipm5t--,! ,b$room z a ,d>k-room--,! ,ba?-room z a ,d>k-room--,ano!r ,s*eme = a ,d>k-room--,a ,"w-table--,runn+ ,wat]--,a ,wat]-tank--,a ,s9k-- ,a ,wa%+-box--,a ,dry+-rack--,ano!r ,s*eme = a ,dry+-rack--,a ,cab9et--,a ,ruby-light--,a ,home-made ,lant]n--,a ,plate-lift]-- ,classify+ & ,pres]v+ ,negatives--,manila ,envelopes--,a ,negative-case4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,a ,,w9t] ,,ent]prise #afi ,an ,opportunity = ,mak+ ,money--,a ,sn[ ,pl\gh--,a ,scrap]--,a ,sn[ ,%ovel4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,outdoor ,,pa/imes ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,a ,,back-,,y>d ,,club-,,h\se #age ,h[ ,"s ,boys ,built a ,club-h\se--,a ,my/]i\s ,lett]--,draw+ ! ,plan ( a ,club-h\se--,! ,mat]ial--,fi%+ ,/uds--,/ak+ out ! ,build+--,! ,/uds--,bo>d+ up ! ,sides--,! ,ro(--,! ,floor --,a ,w9d[-sa%--,a ,batt5 ,door--,wood5 ,lat*--,calk+ up ,cracks4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,log-,,cab9 #ahf ,! ,pione] ,cab9--,! ,cab9 ( ,to-day--,selection ( a ,site-- ,design & ,size--,! ,mat]ial--,/ak+ out ! ,cab9--,! ,lock-jo9t--,! ,sills--,con/ruction ( ,ro(--,ridge ,bo>ds--,a ,log ,*imney & ,fire-place--,calk+--,a ,mud ,floor--,! ,w9d[s--,! ,cab9 ,door--,wood5 ,h+es--,wood5 ,lat*--,! ,lat*-/r+--,a ,mantel-%elf--,provision ,cupbo>d--,ru/ic ,seats--,bunks--,a ,camp-table--,a ,few ,po9t]s ab\t ,camp+--,ut5sils--,o!r ,necessities--,provisions4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,canvas ,,canoe #bja ,canoe+ z a ,sport--,popul>ity ( ,canvas ,canoes--,mat]ials--,! ,b[ & ,/]n ,pieces--,! ,keelson--,! ,m\ld--,putt+ ! ,framework ,toge!r--,! ,gunwales--,! ,ribb&s--,! ,deck ,beams-- ,! ,ridge ,pieces--,! ,deck ,braces--,! ,cockpit--,! ,canvas ,cov]+--,! ,deck--,pa9t+--,! ,cockpit ,coam+--,! ,keel-- ,! ,bilge-keels--,outside ,gunwales--,a ,seat--,h[ to m5d ,punctures --,a ,s+le ,paddle4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,home-,,made ,,traps #bah ,trapp+ z a ,pa/ime--,! ,city ,boy & 8 ,c\ntry ,c\s9--,! ,figure-f\r ,trap--,a ,box ,trap--,! ,dead ,fall--,! ,sieve ,trap--,! ,coop ,trap--,a ,rabbit ,sn>e--,a ,twit*-up--,! ,pr(essional ,trapp] --,wolves & ,coyotes--,/ory ( a ,trapp$ ,indian4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,toy ,,guns1 ,,t>gets1 ,,& ,,b[s ,,& ,,arr[s #bbi ,anci5t ,w> ,eng9es--,new ,idea = a ,cross-b[--,%+le ,arr[s--,a ,toy ,pi/ol--,c>dbo>d ,bullets--,a ,%ot-gun--,an ,ela/ic ,sl+--,a ,boy's ,b>rel-hoop ,t>get--,a ,simpl] ,t>get--,h[ ,po9ts are ,scor$-- ,! ,b[ & ,arr[--,l5g? ( ,b[--,! ,b[-/r+--,! ,arr[-%afts --,prep>+ ,arr[-heads--,fea!r+--,a ,quiv]--,prop] ,position = ,%oot+ ) ,b[--,! ,indian's ,b[--,h[ 8 ,arr[s 7 made & ,fea!r$--,! ,prep>ation ( 8 ,arr[-heads4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,an ,,outdoor ,,gymnasium #bdc ,location = ,gymnasium--,a ,horizontal ,b>--,tumbl+ ,mat--,p>allel ,b>s--,! ,pun*+-bag ,plat=m--,a ,pair ( ,jump ,/&>ds--,a ,vault+ ,pole--,a ,spr+-bo>d--,hurdles--,a ,runn+ ,track--,me?od ( ,/>t+ = ,%ort ,spr9ts--,m>k = ,broad ,jump+--,an ,a?letic ,club--,a?letic ,meets4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,a ,,back-,,y>d ,,circus #bee ,! ,anci5t ,roman ,circus--,! ,circus ( ,to-day--,h[ ,sev]al ,boys gave a ,circus--,prep>+ ! ,y>d = a ,circus--,mak+ ! ,r+-- ,good ,circus ,seats--,a ,t5t--,decorat+ ! ,t5t--,a ,ticket ,(fice-- ,a ,turn/ile--,! ,side ,%[--,cages = ,side ,%[--,animat$ ,animals --,! ,elephant--,! ,giraffe--,! ,two-legg$ ,wild ,horse--,! ,wild ,man ( ,borneo--,a ,monkey's ,make-up--,! ,r+ ,ma/]--,! ,cl[n's ,suit--,! ,att5dants--,ideas = a ,p]=mance--,a ,slapp]-- ,loop+ ! ,hoop on a ,giraffe--,a ,*>iot--,p>ades--,! ,adv]tis+ ,signs4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,f\r? ,,( ,,july #bgb ,! ,fir/ ,f\r? ( ,july ,celebration--,pyrote*nics ,co/ly & ,dang]\s to ,make--,! ,mak+ ( ,h>mless & ,inexp5sive ,fireworks--,a ,fire-crack] ,cannon--,to fire ! ,cannon--,a ,fire-crack] ,mort>--,mimic ,battles ) ,pap] ,soldi]s--,ano!r ,toy ,cannon--,to fire ! ,cannon--,fir+ ,fireworks f ,kites--,fir+ a ,pack ( ,fire-crack]s f a ,kite--,%oot+ ,nigg]-*as]s--,japanese ,lant]ns hung f ,kite-/r+s--,a ,%oot+-tor*--,a ,f9al ,set-piece4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,hall[e5 #bha ,anci5t ,sup]/itions & ,orig9 ( ,hall[e5--,a ,magaz9e ,bean-bl[]--,a ,new ,/yle ( ,tick-tack--,a ,clockwork ,tick-tack-- ,! ,gobl9-man--,! ,disappe>+ ,rope4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,a ,,back-,,y>d ,,toboggan-,,slide #bia ,"o ,advantage ( a ,small ,slide--,location--,l5g?--,! ,plat=m-- ,framework--,rail+ ar\nd ,plat=m--,a ,ladd]--,mak+ a ,swift ,slide--,a ,home-made ,sl$--,! ,runn]s--,ren=c+ ! ,runn]s4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,indoor ,,pa/imes ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,a ,,m9iature ,,!atre #cjc ,an ,int]e/+ ,ent]ta9m5t--,a ,picture-frame ,prosc5ium--,! ,/age ,framework--,! ,gridiron--,! ,/age ,floor--,! ,drop-curta9-- ,light+ ! ,!atre--,! ,footlights--,floodlights--,color$ ,lights --,spotlights--,admission ,tickets & ,programmes4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,sc5]y1 ,,prop]ties1 ,,& ,,me*anical ,,effects #caa ,mat]ials = ,sc5]y--,an ,ocean ,sc5e--,additional ,waves--,frames = ,drops--,a ,mid-ocean ,sc5e--,a ,sea%ore ,sc5e--,a ,field ,sc5e-- ,! ,trees--,a ,blockh\se ,sc5e--,p9e ,b\ghs = ,trees & ,%rubb]y --,moss = ,m\nds & ,hills--,ru/ic ,bridges--,a ,pond or ,lake--,a ,/reet ,sc5e--,an ,int]ior--,a ,w> ,drama--,pap] ,soldi]s--,s*eme = ,m>*+ ,soldi]s--,sep>ate ,/&>ds--,a ,jo9t$ ,figure--,/age ,prop]ties--,t5ts--,an ,indian ,teepee--,battle%ips--,tra9s & ,wagons--,me*anical ,effects--,?und]--,ra9--,w9d--,lightn+-- ,! ,ro> ( ,cannon4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,mak+ ,a ,,toy ,,railway #cca ,! ,trolley-l9e--,supports = ,trolley-l9e--,p[] = ,op]at+ ,railway--,tracks--,! ,c>s--,a ,gondola ,c>--,a ,/reet ,c>--,o!r ,c>s--,op]ation ( ,railway--,a ,/ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,clockwork ,,automobiles #cdc ,procur+ a ,set ( ,clockworks--,an ,automobile ,t\r+-c>--,! ,frame--,prep>ation ( ,clockworks--,! ,belt--,te/+ ! ,ma*9e-- ,! ,c>dbo>d ,sides--,:eels--,mud-gu>ds--,lamps--,! ,/e]+-:eel --,a ,horn--,! ,brake--,! ,*auffeur--,pa9t+ ! ,ma*9e--,an ,automobile ,deliv]y ,wagon--,! ,c>dbo>d ,sides--,! ,:eels--,o!r ,portions--,pa9t+ ! ,wagon--,a ,clockwork ,railway4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,"w ,,to ,,d ,,) ,a ,,knife #cef ,h[ ,boots 7 ,m>k$ 9 a ,p5it5ti>y--,a ,home-made ,f\nta9 ,p5-- ,! ,magic ,p9-:eel--,to ,op]ate ! ,p9-:eel--,a ,wood5 ,*a9 & ,rattle--,! ,*a9--,! ,rattle--,f9i%+ ! ,*a9 & ,rattle4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,cork ,,toys #cfc ,mat]ials ,requir$--,cork ,animals--,a ,pig--,a ,horse--,! ,elephant --,! ,giraffe--,a ,porcup9e--,o!r ,animals--,! ,korka-bird--,a ,duck--,canoes--,small ,sail-boats--,cork ,furniture--,a ,*air--,! ,s(a--,a ,small ,tab\ret--,a ,toy ,log-cab94 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,def9itions ,,( ,,t]ms ,,& ,,phrases #cga ,,index #che ,,li/ ,,( ,,half-,,tone ,,illu/rations 7,9 addition to m ?an f\r hundr$ text illu/rations47 ,,"p ,i ,a ,boy's ,work%op ,frontispiece ,,opposite ,,page ,treatm5t ( a ,boy's ,room #eh ,fig4 #fd4--;,a ,colonial ,doll-h\se #gh ,fig4 #if4--;,ano!r ,/yle ( ,doll-h\se #ij ,fig4 #ig4--;,int]ior ,view ( ,doll-h\se ,an ,amateur's ,outfit #abh ,a ,gr\p ( ,amateur ,pap]s #adb ,fig4 #afh4--;,a ,h&y ,d>k-room #aed ,fig4 #agb4--;,a ,wa%+-box & ,dry+-rack ,,"p ,,ii ,9 ,camp = ! ,summ] #age ,a ,boys' ,log-cab9 #ahh ,two ,simple ,cab9s #aih ,caught at ,la/ #bbf ,! ,back-y>d ,circus #bfh ,,"p ,,iii ,a ,m9iature ,!atre #cjc ,fig4 #ccj4--;,a ,field ,sc5e #caf ,fig4 #cch4--;,a ,blockh\se ,sc5e ,fig4 #cci4--;,a ,/reet ,sc5e #cbj ,fig4 #cge4--,! ,c> complet$ #cdd ,fig4 #cgf4--,! ,framework ,illu/ration3 ,boys at ! ,bank4 ,illu/ration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,"p ,i ,pr(itable ,pa/imes ,,*apt] ,i ,a ,,boy',s ,,work%op ,illu/ration3 ,boy ) ,box-kite & ,boy at ,"w-b5*4 ,c>p5t] "w %\ld be enc\rag$ 9 a boy f ! "t he fir/ becomes int]e/$ 9 x1 = besides be+ some?+ ) :i* to keep him busy1 ! exp]i5ce ga9$ by its practice w be useful to him all 8 life1 no matt] :at bran* ( indu/ry he may foll[ lat] on4 ,:5 a boy has le>n$ ! prop] c>e & use ( tools1 & is able to turn out neatly execut$ "w1 he w f9d ! occupation a pr(itable "o1 !re be+ an unlimit$ numb] ( ?+s he c make 9 8 %op4 ,doll-h\ses = girl relatives1 toys = bro!rs & c\s9s1 & articles = ! h\sehold1 su* z are describ$ 9 foll[+ *apt]s1 are a few ( ! _m ?+s he c con/ruct4 ,_m ( ^! are salable articles1 besides be+ suitable = bir?day & ,*ri/mas gifts1 & %\ld br+ a neat sum ( money to ! "y c>p5t]4 ,a k ( c>p5t] "w also develops 9 a boy a h&9ess = devis+ & putt+ toge!r articles & app>atus = 8 own use4 ,a boy %\ld really h a %op :]e he c keep 8 tools & unf9i%$ "w ) no dang] ( !m be+ di/urb$1 & :]e he ne$ n be afraid ( litt]+ ! floor ) %av+s or ( mak+ too mu* noise4 ,! ,work%op may be fitt$ up by ! boy himself1 & a suitable place c probably be f\nd 9 ! basem5t1 b>n1 or wood%$4 ,"h a corn] l>ge en\gh to conta9 a "w-b5*1 c>p5t]'s horses1 & tool-cab9ets1 besides pl5ty ( room to "w 91 %\ld be p>tition$ (f1 & a w9d[ t w admit a good supply ( light made 9 "o side ( ! room1 if "o has n already be5 provid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,end ,view ( ,"w-b5*4 ,a ,solid ,"w-b5*1 six feet long1 ?irty in*es wide1 & ?irty-two in*es high1 %\ld be con/ruct$ b5ea? ! w9d[4 ,x is a good idea to build ?is on to ! wall if possible1 z x is easi] to make a solid b5* by do+ s1 & ! firm] x is1 ! bett]4 ,fir/ cut a two-by-f\r f\r feet long1 & spike x to ! wall bel[ ! w9d[1 tw5ty-eight in*es above ! floor4 ,!n saw two pieces ( two-by-f\r1 tw5ty-eight in*es long1 = ! legs1 & two pieces1 ?irty in*es long1 = crosspieces4 ,spike ! crosspieces on to ! legs & on to ! piece nail$ to ! wall1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,cut ?ree t5-in* planks1 six feet long1 & spike !m to ! crosspieces s t !y project twelve in*es ov] ! ends1 b are flu% ) ! framework 9 front4 ,!n cut a t5-in* bo>d1 six feet long1 = an apron1 &1 aft] cutt+ ! ends z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d1 nail x across ! front ( ! b5*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,iron ,b5*-screw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,wood5 ,b5*-screw4 ,= fifty c5ts a fifte5-in* iron or wood5 b5*-screw1 simil> to ^? 9 ,figs4 #b & #c1 c be pur*as$ at a h>dw>e /ore1 & ! re/ ( ,! ,vise is simple to make4 ,figures #a1 #d1 & #e %[ ! details = ?is4 ,take a bo>d ?irty in*es long by six in*es wide = ! jaw1 & bore a hole a little l>g] ?an ! screw1 six in*es f "o end4 ,bore ano!r hole ! same size ?r\gh ! apron & table-leg1 six in*es bel[ ! b5*-top 7see ,a 9 ,figs4 #d & #e74 ,! portion ( ! iron screw m>k$ ,b 9 ,fig4 #b %\ld be set into ! hole bor$ 9 ! b5*-leg & screw$ at ,e 7,fig4 #a71 :ile ! portion ,d is to be screw$ to ! jaw4 ,if a wood5 screw is us$1 ! portion ,c 9 ! draw+ 7,fig4 #c7 is nail$ to ! inside ( ! b5*-leg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,details ( ,b5*-vise4 ,9 ord] to guide ! bottom ( ! jaw1 an arrangem5t simil> to ,f 9 ,fig4 #e %\ld be made4 ,make a mortise two in*es long by "o in* wide ne> ! bottom ( ! b5*-leg & cut a /rip ( wood fifte5 in*es long to fit loosely 9 x4 ,!n %ut ! vise & m>k ^u ! inside ( ! jaw ! place :]e ! mortise comes 9 ! leg4 ,nail "o end ( ! fifte5-in* /rip to ! jaw at ?is po9t1 be+ c>eful to get x 9 su* a position t ! o!r end w slide into ! mortise4 ,bore sev]al holes 9 ! /rip & cut a peg to fit 9 !m4 ,! jaw c n[ be kept p>allel ) ! side ( ! b5* by adju/+ ! peg1 :i* is v necess>y 9 ord] to h ! vise grip a piece ( "w squ>ely4 ,:5 y h a long bo>d to "w ^u1 x _c be held /eady by ! vise alone4 ,"o end %\ld be plac$ 9 ! vise & ! o!r re/$ ^u a peg /uck 9 a hole bor$ 9 ! side ( ! b5*4 ,= bo>ds ( diff]5t l5g?s1 sev]al holes %\ld be bor$1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration ( ! f9i%$ b5* 7see frontispiece71 & a movable peg cut to fit 9 !m4 ,a ,b5*-/op ( "s sort fa/5$ to ! top ( ! b5* w be f\nd useful to pu% "w aga9/ :ile plan+ x1 :5 x is n conv5i5t to use ! vise4 ,figures #f1 #g1 & #h %[ ! =ms ( /ops mo/ commonly us$ by c>p5t]s4 ,( ^! ! metal /op %[n 9 ,fig4 #f is ! mo/ satisfactory1 z x c be adju/$ to diff]5t heights4 ,x co/s b little & is easily put 9 place4 ,a mortise is made 9 ! top ( ! b5* to receive ! l[] portion ( ! /op1 & ! plate ,a is set flu% ) ! b5*-top & held 9 place ) screws driv5 into ! holes 9 ! corn]s4 ,! c5tre ( ?is plate 7,b7 is deta*$ f ! re/ & m\nt$ ^u a small po/1 :i* c be adju/$ to ! desir$ height by giv+ ! screw at ,c a few turns ) ! screw-driv]4 ,! tee? 9 ! edge ( ,b help to hold ! "w 9 position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,"s ,=ms ( ,b5*-/ops4 ,"o ( ! simple/ =ms ( /ops is %[n 9 ,fig4 #g4 ,x consi/s ( two screws plac$ 9 ! top ( ! b5*1 :i* c be rais$ or l[]$ ) ! screw-driv] to ! height y desire4 ,! /op %[n 9 ,fig4 #h is made out ( a block ( wood ) a bird's m\? cut 9 "o side4 ,x %\ld be nail$ to "o end ( ! b5* 9 su* a position t ! end ( ! "w c be plac$ 9 ! bird's m\?4 ,:ile mo/ ( y\r "w w be done on ! b5*1 & a good portion ( saw+ done ) ! wood 9 ! vise1 l>ge pieces1 especially long bo>ds1 are g5]ally sawn :ile plac$ across horses4 ,two ,c>p5t]'s ,horses w be requir$4 ,a good s*eme = ^! is %[n 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,! top is made out ( a piece ( two-by-f\r ) bevell$ mortises cut 9 two sides ( ea* end z 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,^! mortises are made to receive ! legs1 & ! angle ( ! bevel w ( c\rse det]m9e ! angle at :i* ! legs w spread4 ,cut ! legs out ( f\r-in* bo>ds1 & bevel ! l[] ends to make !m set solidly ^u ! floor4 ,nail ! legs firmly 9 place & brace !m ) two bo>ds cut & fitt$ 9 place1 z 9 ! illu/ration4 ,:5 ! pieces h be5 nail$ toge!r1 plane (f ! tops ( ! legs to make !m flu% ) ! top ( ! horse1 & trim ! l[] ends if !y require x until ! horse is solid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,bor+1 p>+1 & nail+ on ! b5* w soon make ! surface unev51 unless some?+ is plac$ b5ea? ! "w dur+ su* op]ations4 ,y %\ld !re=e make & use ,a ,b5*-hook1 su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,a good size is t5 by twelve in*es1 b x may be made l>g] or small] if desir$4 ,nail a /rip along "o edge ( ! "u face & ano!r /rip along ! opposite edge ( ! upp] face4 ,! latt] /rip %\ld h ?ree k]fs cut 9 x z %[n 9 ! draw+1 "o at "r angles & ! o!r two at =ty-five degrees4 ,^! may be laid (f ) a try-squ>e1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #ch & #ci 7,*apt] ,,ii71 or ) ! bevel1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #db4 ,be c>eful to keep ! saw on ! l9e & 9 a p]fectly p]p5dicul> position 9 mak+ ^! k]fs4 ,! upp] /rip on ! b5*-hook s]ves ! purpose ( a /op1 & ! k]fs make x possible to use ! b5*-hook = mitr+ ) ! back-saw4 ,fur!r description ( ! uses ( ?is h&y article w be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--;,a ,b5*-hook4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--;,a ,mitre-box4 ,y w ne$ ,a ,mitre-box = cutt+ mitres 9 l>ge "w1 & ?is may be made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,cut two pieces ( sev5-eigh?s in* maple1 or o!r h>d wood1 tw5ty in*es long by six in*es wide1 & "o piece tw5ty in*es long by f\r in*es wide4 ,nail ! six-in* pieces to ! edges ( ! f\r-in* piece z %[n 9 ! draw+1 aft] :i* y are ready to cut ! mitres4 ,^! %\ld be laid out simil> to ^? on ! b5*-hook1 by means ( ! mitr$ try-squ>e or ! bevel4 ,) ! blade ( ! try-squ>e or bevel ext5d+ across ! top edges ( ! side-pieces1 m>k (f =ty-five degree l9es at ,a & ,b1 & a n9ety degree l9e at ,c1 aft] :i* squ>e ! l9es d[n bo? inn] & out] face ( ! side-pieces4 ,:5 ! l9es h be5 accurately drawn1 x is a simple matt] to make ! k]fs1 if y h _h any practice 9 saw+ & c keep to a l9e4 ,no matt] h[ skilful a c>p5t] is ) 8 tools1 he g5]ally dep5ds ^u 8 mitre-box 9 mak+ mitres1 = n only accuracy is obta9$ by its use1 b "t is also sav$4 ,9 us+ "o be c>eful n to let ! saw cut into ! sides ( ! k]fs1 or ! box w soon be r5d]$ useless = mak+ accurate mitres4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,s&-pap] ,block4 ,be=e putt+ ! f9i% ^u a piece ( "w1 ! wood %\ld be ?or\ghly s&-pap]$4 ,9 _m cases c]ta9 portions _c be rea*$ by ! h&1 & s ,a ,s&-pap] ,block simil> to ,fig4 #ac %\ld be made4 ,cut a block ( wood five in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,!n place x 9 ! vise1 & bevel "o end & r\nd ! o!r z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,an in* & "o-half f ea* end cut rabbets "o in* wide across ! block1 & make two blocks to fit !m4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 cut a /rip ( s&-pap] two & "o-half in*es wide & /ret* x ar\nd ! block1 hold+ x 9 place by driv+ ! small blocks into ! rabbets4 ,y w f9d ?is s&-pap] block v h&y1 z "s portion ( x c be got into almo/ e corn] y w ev] h occasion to s&-pap]4 ,! pap] may be quickly replac$ ) a fre% piece :5 worn out4 ,a ,/rop = putt+ ke5 edges on tools may be made out ( a block ( wood1 ) a piece ( %oe-lea!r1 or section ( an old razor-/rop1 glu$ to "o side ( x4 ,a ,plumb1 simil> to ,fig4 #ad1 is a h&y article to h = outdoor "w1 su* z erect+ po/s 9 p]p5dicul> positions4 ,y w h ne$ ( x 9 putt+ up su* build+s z ! back-y>d club-h\se1 ! log-cab91 & ! erection ( app>atus = ! outdoor gymnasium1 ! con/ruction ( :i* w be f\nd 9 foll[+ *apt]s4 ,x consi/s ( a /ick1 ! sides ( :i* h be5 plan$ up true & p>allel1 ) a not* 9 "o end & a cord ) a weight atta*$ fa/5$ to ! o!r end4 ,! not* %\ld be cut 9 ! exact c5tre ( ! end ( ! /ick1 & ! nail plac$ 9 ! o!r end directly 9 l9e ) ! c5tre ( ! not*4 ,an iron nut1 or "s su* weight1 %\ld be atta*$ to ! l[] end ( ! cord4 ,by plac+ ?is /ick at ! side ( an object1 y c det]m9e :e!r or n x is plumb by ! position ( ! /r+1 :i* %\ld hang 9 ! c5tre ( ! not* :5 ! object is plumb4 ,! l5g? ( ! /ick may be made to suit ! size ( ! "w x is to be us$ ^u4 ,f\r or five feet is a good l5g? = ord9>y outside "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,9 pur*as+ ,tools = y\r work%op x is n advisable to buy !m 9 *e/s1 = !y are almo/ always made ( *eap mat]ial1 & poor tools are ( no use to ! boy :o int5ds to d good "w4 ,x is a mu* bett] plan to buy a few tools at a "t1 gett+ a good quality ( /eel1 & to gradually increase y\r outfit z y\r money p]mits4 ,!n if y really want a *e/ y c make x y\rself4 ,a hat*et1 hamm]1 saw1 plane1 *isel1 jack-knife1 bit & bit-/ock1 screw-driv]1 & squ>e are ! pr9cipal tools y w require1 & ne$ be all y h to />t out )4 ,o!rs may be got z y h ne$ ( !m1 & may be select$ f ! foll[+ li/1 :i* includes probably all ! tools a boy w\ld ev] h occasion to use4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,tools ,,f ,,:i* ,,to ,,make ,,y\r ,,selections #a #ad-;in* ,jack-plane4 #a #ah-;in* ,=e-plane4 #a #i-;in* ,smoo?+-plane4 #a #bb-;in* ,rip-saw4 #a #bj-;in* ,cross-cut saw4 #a #ab-;in* ,back-saw4 #a #ab-;in* ,compass-saw4 #a ,gig-or ,bracket-saw4 #a ,rat*et ,brace4 #e ,aug]-bits1 #a_/d-;in*1 #c_/h-;in*1 #a_/b-;in*1 #c_/d-;in*1 & #a-;in*4 #a ,expansive-bit4 ,sev]al ,gimlet ,bits4 #a ,screw-driv] ,bit4 #a ,c\nt]s9k4 #a ,brad-awl4 #b ,h& ,gimlets4 #a ,automatic-drill4 #d ,*isels1 #a_/d-;in*1 #a_/b-;in*1 #c_/d-;in*1 & #a-;in*4 #b ,g\ges1 #c_/h-;in* & #c_/d-;in*4 #a ,draw-knife4 #a ,jack-knife4 #a ,hat*et4 #a ,hamm]4 #a ,tack ,hamm]4 #a ,mallet4 #b ,nail-sets 7l>ge & small74 #a ,h& ,screw-driv]4 #a ,wood ,rasp4 #a ,metal ,file4 #a ,pair ,cutt+ ,nipp]s4 #a ,pair ,p9c]s4 #a ,gr9d-/one4 #a ,oil-/one & oil-c4 #a ,/rop4 #a #b-;foot ,fold+ ,rule4 #a ,l>ge ,/eel ,squ>e4 #a #g-;in* ,try-squ>e4 #a ,bevel4 #a ,m>k+-gauge4 #a ,compass4 ,! prop] c>e & h&l+ ( ^! tools is fully describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,^! directions %\ld be c>efully read be=e y attempt to use ! tools1 especially ! edge tools4 ,a ,cab9et w be f\nd mu* bett] = an outfit ( tools ?an a tool-*e/1 z x c be m easily got at ?an a *e/1 :]e x is necess>y to lift sev]al trays be=e y c rea* a tool :i* has be5 put 9 ! bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,tool-cab9et4 ,! cab9et %[n 9 ,fig4 #ae is made out ( a box ab\t ?ree feet long1 two feet wide1 & n9e in*es deep4 ,make a door f ! box-cov]1 fa/5+ ! bo>ds toge!r by means ( two batt5s plac$ at ! top & bottom 7see illu/ration74 ,nail a cleat on ea* side ( ! cab9et six in*es f ! bottom1 & make a %elf to fit ^u !m4 ,racks = ,bits & ,*isels %\ld be made simil> to ,fig4 #af1 & fa/5$ side by side to ! inside ( ! cab9et4 ,cut a /rip ( wood ab\t ! size ( ! batt5s1 & make two slots 9 x1 "o = ! end ( ! saw to fit 9 & ! o!r = ! blade ( ! try-squ>e 7see ,fig4 #ae74 ,?is /rip is fa/5$ to ! cab9et door a few in*es above ! bottom batt54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--;,bit & ,*isel ,racks4 ,hang up ! o!r tools on brass hooks4 ,aft] complet+ ! cab9et1 pa9t x inside & out1 & fa/5 ei!r a hook or lock to ! door4 ,:5 ?is cab9et becomes too small = y\r increase 9 tools1 y c keep ^? y use ! mo/ 9 x1 & make ,ano!r ,cab9et = ! special & less us$ tools4 ,ei!r screw ! cab9ets to ! wall or support !m ^u brackets4 ,racks may be made = any tools y wi% to hang on ! wall4 ,a piece ( groov$ sid+ nail$ above ! b5* w d nicely = ! l>ge squ>e4 ,:5 y d outside "w y w want some?+ 9 :i* to c>ry su* tools z w be requir$ to complete ! job4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,a ,c>p5t]'s ,c>ry+-box4 ,a ,c>p5t]'s ,c>ry+-box %\ld be made4 ,su* a box is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag4 ,! box %\ld be ab\t tw5ty-sev5 in*es long to accommodate ! saws1 & x w\ld be well to make ! wid? eight in*es & ! height sixte5 in*es4 ,fir/ prep>e ! end-pieces1 mak+ !m six by sixte5 in*es & r\nd+ ! tops ) ! compass-saw1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,!n cut a bo>d tw5ty-five in*es long by six in*es wide = ! bottom & nail ! end-pieces to ! ends ( x4 ,make ! side-pieces tw5ty-sev5 by eight in*es1 & nail !m to ! end-pieces & to ! edges ( ! bottom bo>d4 ,! h&le consi/s ( a broom-/ick fitt$ into holes bor$ ne> ! tops ( ! end-pieces4 ,?is box %\ld be us$ = tools only1 & n h nails1 screws1 & bolts mix$ up ) !m1 = ^! supplies %\ld be kept 9 a special ,nail-box1 ) comp>tm5ts = ! diff]5t sizes ( nails1 screws1 hooks1 screw-eyes1 h+es1 etc4 ,"o ( ! be/ k9ds ( boxes = ?is purpose is a knife-box su* z c be b\ght = t5 or fifte5 c5ts4 ,?is is divid$ 9 two & has a h&le atta*$ 7see ,fig4 #ah74 ,! two comp>tm5ts %\ld be sub-divid$ into small] boxes1 ei!r ) pieces ( cig>-boxes1 or ) pieces ( t9 b5t at ! ends & fa/5$ to ! sides ( ! box1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--,nail-box4 ,supplies ( nails1 brads1 etc41 %\ld be kept 9 cans & cig>-boxes ( diff]5t sizes1 & x is a good idea to lett] ^! receptacles t y may be able to put y\r h&s ^u :at y want )\t hav+ to hunt = x4 ,%elves w be h&y to keep pa9t-cans & ^! boxes on4 ,work%op ,clo!s4--,old clo!s %\ld be worn 9 ! %op1 z c>p5t] "w is r h>d ^u !m1 especially ! tr\s]s4 ,bett] ?an ^! is a pair ( ov]alls & p]haps a jump]4 ,!y are easy to "w 9 & we> bett] ?an any?+ else4 ,a ,few ,hooks %\ld be plac$ on ! wall = hats & coats1 & = y\r work+ clo!s1 if y *ange !m 9 ! %op be=e & aft] "w4 ,to prev5t y\r tools f be+ c>ri$ (f1 & y\r "w f be+ di/urb$1 x is advisable to h a lock ^u ! door & keep y\r %op lock$ up :5 y are away4 ,to avoid dang] ( fire1 keep combu/ible articles1 su* z oily wa/e & rags1 9 cov]$ t9 cans1 & d n all[ %av+s & rubbi% to accumulate4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,prop] ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,tools ,illu/ration3 ,boy at ,gr9d-/one & ,boy ) ,bit-/ock4 ,be=e us+ a tool be sure y und]/& ! prop] h&l+ ( x1 = !re is probably no?+ m easily injur$ ?an an edge tool 9 a %>p5$ condition4 ,an inexp]i5c$ p]son is v apt to dull or nick a tool by /rik+ its edge aga9/ nails or by us+ x = purposes o!r ?an :at x 0 made =4 ,= ?is reason a c>p5t] is v apt to refuse a boy1 or any amateur = t matt]1 ! use ( 8 tools1 & he is "r 9 do+ s4 ,j imag9e ! am\nt ( "w x makes = him to put ! tools 9 %ape aft] !y h be5 return$ 9 all sorts ( conditions4 ,a little rubb+ on ! oil-/one1 ) an occasional gr9d+1 is all 8 tools require :5 he is us+ !m1 b to remove nicks made by 8 "y fri5ds wa/es too mu* ( 8 valuable "t4 ,a good rule to obs]ve1 boys1 is nev] to l5d tools to any ( y\r fri5ds1 = ?\gh !y may be z c>eful 9 h&l+ !m z y are1 ! *ances are !y w n be4 ,y _h bett] be a little gr\*y 9 ?is respect1 ?an to h tools :i* are unfit to d good "w )4 ,! foll[+ directions1 toge!r ) ! illu/rations1 %\ld make ! h&l+ ( y\r tools p]fectly cle>1 & y w f9d among ^! a numb] ( h9ts z to ! c>e ( tools t %\ld be c>efully adh]$ to 9 ord] t y may keep !m 9 good condition4 ,saws4--,a boy c get along ) two saws1 a cross-cut saw = g5]al use & a compass-saw = f9] "w1 su* z circul> saw+1 & cutt+ ?9 wood :]e a l>ge saw w\ld be too co>se & apt to split ! "w4 ,b y w (t5 h ne$ ( a rip-saw1 back-saw1 & bracket-saw4 ,!y 7 !re=e includ$ 9 ! li/ ( tools on page #ad1 & y c add !m to y\r outfit z y\r money p]mits4 ,! ,cross-cut ,saw is1 ( c\rse1 int5d$ = cutt+ across ! gra91 :ile ! rip-saw is = cutt+ ) ! gra91 or ripp+4 ,! =m] saw c be us$ = rip-saw+1 b ! op]ation is mu* sl[]1 & :5 y h mu* ( x to d1 z 9 ripp+ a six-foot bo>d1 = in/ance1 y w f9d ! "w t$i\s4 ,! ,rip-saw is n fit = cross-cutt+1 z x leaves ! cut fibres 9 a v r\gh condition4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ^! two saws lies 9 ! %ape ( _! tee?4 ,?is c be se5 by pick+ !m up & exam9+ _! cutt+ edges4 ,y w f9d ! tee? are b5t out ( l9e1 ! fir/ to ! "r side & ! next to ! left4 ,?is is kn[n z ! set ( ! tee?1 & ! quality ( y\r "w w dep5d l>gely ^u ! c>e ) :i* ! tee? h be5 %>p5$ & set4 ,at fir/ y may confuse ^! two saws1 b if y w notice t ! tee? ( ! cross-cut saw come to %>p po9ts & are bevell$ on ! sides1 :ile ^? ( ! rip-saw are n %>p5$ on ! sides1 & in/ead ( be+ po9t$ on ! ends are *isel-%ap$ 7see ,figs4 #ai & #bj71 y w h little tr\ble 9 di/+ui%+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,tee? ( ,cross-cut ,saw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,tee? ( ,rip ,saw4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,position = ,saw+4 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,saw+4--,small pieces may be sawn :ile held 9 ! vise1 b1 z a rule1 l>ge "w is plac$ across a c\ple ( horses4 ,x is g5]ally ! mo/ conv5i5t way4 ,grasp ! saw 9 ! "r h&1 & take ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #ba1 ) ! left knee ^u ! "w to hold x 9 place1 & ! left h& at ! edge ( ! bo>d4 ,! ?umb %\ld be press$ aga9/ ! saw-blade to guide x until ! cut has be5 well />t$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,)\t ! aid ( ! ?umb ! saw is liable to slip (f ! m>k & make an ugly cut 9 ! wood4 ,fir/ use a few %ort /rokes until ! saw has />t$ to cut4 ,!n use a long1 /eady /roke1 putt+ all ( ! pressure ^u ! d[n /roke4 ,be c>eful to keep ! saw to ! l9e & 9 a p]p5dicul> position1 s t ! cut w be squ>e on all sides4 ,if x />ts to run away f ! l9e1 a slight twi/ ( ! blade w return x4 ,:5 a bo>d has be5 sawn ne>ly 9 two1 remove ! weight ( y\r knee f x1 & hold ! bo>d ) ! left h& to prev5t x f splitt+ (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--,position = us+ ! ,back-saw4 ,fig4 #bc %[s ! correct position = us+ ,! ,back-saw1 :i* is int5d$ = m delicate "w ?an ! l>g] saw1 su* z c be sawn on ! b5*-hook or 9 ! mitre-box4 ,x makes a f9] cut1 its tee? be+ small] & m closely set4 ,! blades ( ,! ,compass-& ,gig-saws are small & n>r[1 ! =m] be+ us$ = circul> cutt+1 z ! "n w\ld imply1 :ile ! latt] is employ$ 9 cutt+ v ?9 wood & 9 mak+ delicate curves4 ,! blades ( ^! saws1 especially ! latt]1 are easily brok51 & mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e4 ,! tee? are arrang$ s z to cut ) & aga9/ ! gra94 ,! slot made by remov+ ! fibre ( ! wood 9 saw+ is kn[n z ,a ,k]f4 ,! t]m is us$ a good deal 9 c>p5t] "w1 s x is well to "k its mean+4 ,! c>p5t] ( to-day is g5]ally suppli$ ) all mann] ( planes1--rabbet+-planes1 bead+-planes1 circul>-planes1 pl\ghs1 etc41--besides ! m commonly us$ jack-plane1 =e-plane1 & smoo?+-plane4 ,ea* ( ^! planes has a special =m ( "w to d1 b ord9>ily a boy w h occasion to use b ! la/ ?ree nam$1 & _m get along ) b a jack-& a smoo?+-plane4 ,! ,jack-plane is ! plane y w fir/ ne$ to remove ! r\gh surface ( undress$ lumb]1 & also to r$uce quickly ! ?ickness ( wood4 ,! cutt+ edge ( ! blade is gr\nd s z to g\ge ! wood1 remov+ ?ick %av+s1 b leav+ ridges & holl[s :i* mu/ aft]w>d be remov$ by a =e-plane or smoo?+-plane4 ,!re is "o tr\ble 9 us+ ! smoo?+-plane = ?is op]ation1 h[ev]1 & t lies 9 ! dang] ( x foll[+ ! holl[s =m$ by ! jack-plane1 mak+ a smoo? b unev5 surface4 ,! ,=e-plane1 on ! o!r h&1 has a long en\gh /ock to prev5t ! blade f cutt+ ! l[] portions until ! high portions h be5 remov$4 ,al?\gh a =e-plane c be us$ alone = smoo?+ l>ge "w1 x is m conv5i5t to f9i% up ) ,! ,smoo?+-plane4 ,! ,/anley iron plane1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #bd1 is a great improvem5t ov] ! old-/yle wood5 ones1 & is ! mo/ popul> plane us$ to-day4 ,x is m easily h&l$1 z its iron is quickly put 9 place & adju/$4 ,! illu/ration gives ! names ( ! v>i\s p>ts4 ,! cap 7,b7 is screw$ to ! plane-iron 7,a71 & bo? are held 9 ! /ock 7,f7 by means ( ! clamp on ! end ( ! w$ge 7,c74 ,! ?umb-screw 7,d7 regulates ! degrees ( f95ess ( ! plane-iron1 :ile ! lev] 7,e71 :i* moves f side to side1 /raight5s ! position ( ! iron4 ,! base ( ! /ock is kn[n z ! sole1 or face4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,/anley ,iron ,plane4 ,a4 ,plane-iron4 ,b4 ,plane-iron ,cap4 ,c4 ,w$ge or ,clamp4 ,d4 ,adju/+ ,screw4 ,e4 ,adju/+ ,lev]4 ,f4 ,/ock4 ,! ,bailey plane is some:at simil> to ! ,/anley1 ! upp] portion be+ ( iron ) screw adju/m5t1 b ! base be+ ( wood4 ,its co/ is mu* less ?an t ( ! entire iron plane1 & y w probably f9d x z satisfactory if y d n c>e to sp5d ! additional am\nt = ! ,/anley plane4 ,= ,plan+1 take ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #be1 ) ! left foot a little 9 advance ( ! "r1 ! "r h& grasp+ ! h&le ( ! plane & ! left hold+ ! knob on ! =e "p ( ! /ock4 ,use a long1 /eady sweep1 & be> ) equal pressure f ! beg9n+ ( a /roke to ! end1 to avoid ! holl[s t are s easily made by tak+ %av+s ( diff]5t ?icknesses4 ,d n drag ! plane-iron ov] ! "w 9 return+ x = ano!r /roke1 z x w dull its edge4 ,y w (t5 come across wood ) a crook$ gra91 :i* runs diagonally ?r\gh ! piece1 t]m9at+ at ! surface4 ,!re is a "r way & a wrong way 9 plan+ ?is1 j z !re are two ways ( /rok+ a cat's back1 "o smoo?+ ! surface1 :ile ! o!r r\gh5s x4 ,:5 y f9d a piece ( wood ) ?is k9d ( unc]ta9 gra91 y w probably h to *ange ! direction ( y\r plan+ a numb] ( times be=e f9i%+ ! surface1 9 ord] to plane ) ! gra94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,take ?is ,position = ,plan+4 ,9 plan+ end-wood1 y w h tr\ble 9 prev5t+ ! corn]s ( ! piece f splitt+ (f unless x is plac$ 9 ! vise 9 front ( ano!r block ( wood1 ! plan+ be+ done t[>d ! block4 ,or "o corn] may be *amf]$ ) ! *isel1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bi4 ,te/+ ,"w4--,x is necess>y to te/ "w frequ5tly :ile plan+1 9 ord] to locate ! high places & avoid tak+ (f too mu* on ! l[ places4 ,?is may be done by squ9t+ "o eye & hold+ ! bo>d on a level ) ! o!r eye1 s t y c look d[n ! l5g? ( x z 9 sight+ a gun4 ,! unev5 places %[ up v pla9ly 9 ?is way4 ,"w is also te/$ by means ( ! try-squ>e4 ,place ! h&le ( ! squ>e aga9/ ! edge ( ! "w ) ! blade ( ! squ>e ext5d+ across ! plan$ surface1 & move x ! l5g? ( ! bo>d4 ,any irregul>ities 9 ! surface w %[ !mselves z ! blade passes ov] !m4 ,9 plan+ up a block ( wood1 plane up "o side &1 aft] prov+ x to be true1 use x = ! tri$ edge1 te/+ ! o!r sides ) ! h&le ( ! squ>e press$ aga9/ its surface4 ,!re are a numb] ( =ms ( ,*isels1 b ! only two classes y w probably ev] be 9 ne$ ( are ! firm]-& fram+-*isels4 ,! =m] are int5d$ = h& use only1 :ile ! latt] are us$ = heavi] "w1 su* z mortis+1 :]e x becomes necess>y to use ! mallet4 ,9 ,us+ a ,firm]-*isel1 ! "w %\ld be plac$ 9 ! vise or be o!rwise held 9 position1 t bo? h&s may be kept ^u ! tool1 ! "r h& grasp+ ! upp] end ( ! h&le & do+ ! pu%+1 :ile ! left h& holds ! l[] "p ( ! h&le & acts z a guide 9 work+ x4 ,p>+ ) ! *isel consi/s 9 trimm+ a piece ( wood to a giv5 l9e4 ,x is an op]ation v (t5 resort$ to 9 f9i%+ ! end ( a piece ( "w in/ead ( plan+1 & 9 trimm+ up a curv$ edge su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf4 ,"h ! l9e ,,ab repres5ts ! l9e ( ! f9i%$ end ( a piece ( "w4 ,! bo>d is fir/ plac$ 9 a vise & ! wood remov$ to ab\t "o-qu>t] in* ( ,,ab ) a compass-saw1 foll[+ ! curve ( ! l9e z ne>ly z possible4 ,!n lay ! piece ^u ! b5*-hook 7,fig4 #aa1 ,*ap4 ,i71 & p>e to ! l9e ) ! *isel1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bf ,,& #bg4--,p>+4 ,! *isel is (t5 us$ to p>e d[n ! surface ( a piece ( "w to a giv5 l9e1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,! ,fram+-*isel %\ld be held 9 ! left h&1 & ! bl[s dealt ^u ! h&le ) ! mallet 9 ! "r h&4 ,9 h&l+ ! fram+-*isel ! bevel ( ! blade %\ld be t[>d ! "w1 :i* is j ! opposite f t %[n 9 ,figs4 #bf & #bg4 ,unless ?is is done ! *isel w n cut d[n squ>ely b w cut 9 "u1 z x _c be guid$ z easily z ! firm]-*isel c1 ) bo? h&s to hold x4 ,*amf]+ & ,bevell+ are some:at simil> op]ations4 ,!y consi/ 9 cutt+ ! edges ( a piece ( wood1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #bh & #bi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,bevel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--;,*amf]+4 ,! corn] ( a block ( wood is v (t5 *amf]$1 :5 plan+ end-wood1 to prev5t ! wood f spl9t]+4 ,x c only be done1 ( c\rse1 be=e ! adjo9+ side has be5 plan$ up1 t a squ>e corn] c be obta9$ aga9 :5 ! "w is f9i%$4 ,! ,g\ge is a *isel ) a curv$ section1 its use be+ = cutt+ grooves & curvatures 9 a piece ( "w :]e ! *isel _c be employ$4 ,a ,draw-knife is v h&y = quickly r$uc+ ! size ( mat]ial & 9 r\nd+ /icks4 ,! blade is drawn t[>d y in/ead ( be+ pu%$ z 9 ! case ( a plane or *isel4 ,bor+4--,probably ! only tr\ble y w h ) ! bit & bit-/ock w be 9 hold+ ! brace 9 a p]fectly v]tical position s z to bore a /raight hole4 ,! c5tre ( ! hole %\ld fir/ be locat$ ^u ! "w4 ,!n1 aft] select+ ! "r size ( bit & secur+ x 9 ! clut*es ( ! bit-/ock1 grasp ! h&le ( ! /ock ) ! "r h& & place ! left h& on ! top knob4 ,set ! po9t ( ! bit aga9/ ! "w & bore /eadily until ! po9t appe>s ^u ! opposite side4 ,! bit %\ld !n be )drawn & ! re/ ( ! hole bor$ f ! o!r side4 ,?is prev5ts ! fibre ar\nd ! hole f spl9t]+ (f1 z x is likely to d :5 a hole is bor$ all ! way ?r\gh f "o side4 ,to bore a hole 9 a piece ( "w held 9 ! vise1 clamp a wa/e piece ( wood 9 ! vise ) x1 & bore /raight ?r\gh ! "w into ! wa/e piece4 ,:5 bor+ h>d wood or us+ l>ge bits increas$ pressure is necess>y to op]ate ! brace & at ! same "t /eady ! bit4 ,?is c be obta9$ by all[+ ! *e/ to be> ^u ! top knob4 ,holes two in*es or m 9 diamet] d n require a bit t size1 = small] holes c be bor$ & ^! trimm$ to ! requir$ op5+ ) a *isel or ) ! keyhole-saw4 ,:atev] /yle ( bit-/ock y buy1 get "o ) a fair l5g? ( arm1 z a good lev]age _c be obta9$ ) a %ort "o4 ,an ,automatic-drill is a h&y tool to h 9 ! %op1 al?\gh n a necessity4 ,y h probably se5 c>p5t]s use x 9 drill+ holes 9 h>d wood1 be=e driv+ 9 f9i%+ nails or screws4 ,x beats ! awl & gimlet = spe$1 & is a tool :i* c be us$ 9 places :]e nei!r ( ^! c\ld be op]at$4 ,! h&le ( ! tool conta9s a numb] ( sizes ( drills4 ,?is tool mu/ be us$ ) c>e1 z ! drills snap (f v easily :5 ! tool is h&l$ r\ghly or twi/$ f side to side :ile bor+ a hole4 ,! ,hat*et is an indisp5sable tool1 = x c be us$ = a good deal ( y\r r\gh "w1 su* z splitt+ & p>+4 ,x requires practice to h&le "o successfully1 h[ev]4 ,a misplac$ bl[ w sometimes ru9 y\r "w1 ei!r by cutt+ into x or /rik+ gra9 :i* runs (f into ! portion to be f9i%$4 ,) /raight gra9$ wood x is n s difficult to p>e to a l9e ) ! hat*et4 ,! wood %\ld be remov$ to )9 less ?an an eigh? ( an in* ( ! l9e1 z ! "w mu/ be dress$ up aft]w>d ) ! plane4 ,x is well to h ,a ,hamm] ) a fairly heavy head = l>ge "w1 & a light] "o ) :i* to drive small nails4 ,driv+ ,nails4--,! nail %\ld fir/ be held 9 position ) ! ?umb & fir/ two f+]s1 & giv5 a few light raps ) ! hamm] to />t x4 ,!n remove ! f+]s1 & drive ! nail home ) /eady bl[s1 be+ c>eful to hit ! head squ>ely s x w n b5d4 ,al?\gh a b5t nail c be driv5 home ) ! prop] /roke1 x is g5]ally easi] & quick] to )draw x & ei!r hamm] x out /raight or use ano!r4 ,a pair ( p9c]s are h&y = ,)draw+ ,nails1 especially nails ^: heads are too small to be gripp$ ) a claw hamm]2 b = remov+ l>ge nails a /rong] lev]age is necess>y4 ,?is c be obta9$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cj4 ,! head ( ! nail is gripp$ 9 ! claw ( ! hamm] & a block ( wood plac$ b5ea? ! head4 ,! h&le ( ! hamm] is !n pull$ t[>d y1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! block1 besides increas+ ! lev]age1 prev5ts ! hamm]-head f injur+ ! surface ( y\r "w1 & makes x possible to )draw ! nail 9 a fairly /raight condition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,)draw+ ,nails4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,toe-nail+4 ,toe-nail+ consi/s 9 driv+ nails diagonally into a piece ( wood4 ,x is us$ 9 fa/5+ ! ends ( uprights1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca1 :]e ! nails _c be driv5 9 any o!r way1 & also :]e !re is dang] ( a bo>d spr++4 ,y w (t5 f9d x conv5i5t to use ?is =m ( nail+ :5 ! nails are too long to be driv5 /raight into ! "w4 ,bl9d-nail+ is a =m ( toe-nail+ us$ on tongue & groov$ bo>ds 9 :i* ! heads ( ! nails are conceal$ bel[ ! surface1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--;,bl9d-nail+4 ,cl9*+4--,:5 nails come ?r\gh a piece ( wood _! ends %\ld be cl9*$4 ,?is is done by hav+ "s "o hold a h>d surface1 su* z ! head or blade ( a hat*et1 aga9/ ! "u side ( ! "w1 or by lay+ ! hat*et d[n & re/+ ! "w ^u x1 :ile y drive ! nail4 ,! po9t ( ! nail w b5d ov] :5 x /rikes ! h>d surface & s9k into ! wood4 ,?is is ! be/ me?od to use 9 fa/5+ bo>ds toge!r ) batt5s1 9 r\gh "w1 z ! cl9*$ nails act z rivets1 prev5t+ any possibility ( ! bo>ds pull+ ap>t4 ,d n drive ! head ( a nail into a f9i%$ surface ) ! hamm]1 z y are likely to m> ! wood 9 do+ s4 ,leave ?is--! sett+ ( ! nails--until ! piece ( "w has be5 put toge!r4 ,!n g ov] x & drive ! heads bel[ ! surface ) ,! ,nail-set1 hold+ ! tool z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc4 ,! holes made by ! heads %\ld be fill$ up ) putty be=e ! f9i% is put ^u ! wood4 ,be=e driv+ nails into h>d wood1 holes %\ld be made ) ! brad-awl or drill1 to prev5t !m f splitt+ ! wood1 & to make x easi] to drive !m 9 )\t b5d+4 ,! holes %\ld be a trifle small] ?an ! nails4 ,always drill a hole be=e driv+ a nail into ?9 wood or ne> ! edge ( a piece4 ,a nail c be driv5 m easily if its po9t is rubb$ ov] a piece ( soap4 ,?is is some?+ y %\ld rememb] to d :5 nail+ h>d wood4 ,nails4--,iron1 galvaniz$-iron1 wire1 & copp] nails are manufactur$1 b ( ^! ! wire nail is ! mo/ commonly us$ = all k9ds ( "w1 x be+ m easily h&l$1 n s liable to snap (f1 & !re be+ less dang] ( splitt+ y\r "w ) x ?an ) ! iron nails4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--,sett+ ,nails4 ,y w notice ! iron nails h two smoo? sides & two r\gh ones4 ,9 us+ ^! x is necess>y to drive !m ) ! smoo? sides p>allel ) ! gra91 o!rwise !y are sure to split ! "w4 ,nails are classifi$ accord+ to _! %ape & gauge4 ,! only k9ds y w probably ev] h occasion to use are ! ,common1 or nail = all ord9>y "w2 ! ,f9i%+-nail1 ) ! small head us$ on f9i% "w2 & ! ,brad1 or small-siz$ f9i%+-nail4 ,y c buy ^! by call+ = ! l5g? y require1 b x is m bus9esslike to use ! /&>d t]ms by :i* all c>p5t]s "k !m4 ,! foll[+ table gives ^! t]ms1 toge!r ) ! l5g? 9 in*es3-- #b-,p5ny ,nails 7#a in* long74 #c 7#a-a_/d in*es long74 #d 7#a-a_/b 74 #e 7#a-c_/d 74 #f 7#b 74 #g 7#b-a_/d 74 #h 7#b-a_/b 74 #i 7#b-c_/d 74 #aj 7#c 74 #ab 7#c-a_/d 74 #af 7#c-a_/b 74 #bj 7#d 74 #cj 7#d-a_/b 74 #dj 7#e 74 #ej 7#e-a_/b 74 #fj 7#f 74 ,all nails long] ?an ?ree & a half in*es 7#bj;d to #fj;d inclusive7 are kn[n z spikes4 ,x is desirable to h ,a ,screw-driv] :i* w set 9 ! clut*es ( y\r bit-/ock1 besides ! ord9>y k9d1 = x is m quickly op]at$1 & screws c be driv5 9 h>d wood easi] on acc\nt ( ! great] am\nt ( lev]age y get ) x4 ,holes %\ld be drill$ 9 h>d wood be=e driv+ screws into x4 ,screws are made ) r\nd & flat heads4 ,! r\nd-head$ screw is a f9i%+ screw1 & its head is left expos$ on ! surface ( ! wood2 b ! flat-head$ screw %\ld be c\nt]sunk1 t is1 sunk bel[ ! surface4 ,to d ?is y mu/ drill a hole be=e driv+ 9 ! screw ) ,! ,c\nt]s9k1 :i* is a drill made to fit 9 ! bit-/ock1 & bores a hole ! %ape & dep? ( ! screw-head4 ,,%>p5+ ,,tools ,be sure y und]/& ! process ( %>p5+ tools be=e y und]take to use ! oil-& gr9d-/ones4 ,all tools are n %>p5$ alike1 & y w ne$ to "k ! diff]5t ways 9 ord] to get _! cutt+ edges ! "r %ape to s]ve _! diff]5t purposes4 ,gr9d+ is ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! "w1 & mo/ boys h tr\ble ) x4 ,"o fault lies 9 us+ ! gr9d-/one too frequ5tly1 gr9d+ ! edge ( a tool :5 x requires only a little rubb+ ^u ! oil-/one to put x 9 %ape1 & ?us we>+ d[n ! tool unnecess>ily4 ,aga91 by n keep+ ! /one suffici5tly wet1 ! heat produc$ by ! friction takes ! temp] out ( ! /eel1 mak+ x s(t & useless until retemp]$4 ,if y h a /one ) a crank arrangem5t1 x w be necess>y to h "s "o turn x :ile y control ! tool4 ,! /one %\ld be turn$ t[>d ! gr9d] & ! tools held upw>d s ! /one gr9ds aga9/ ! edge in/ead ( f x4 ,move ! tools sideways across ! /one s z to we> x d[n ev5ly & help prev5t ! =mation ( ridges 9 ! /one1 :i* are v easily produc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--;,gr9d+ ! ,*isel4 ,figure #cd %[s ! position to take 9 gr9d+ ,*isels4 ,hold ! h&le ( ! tool 9 ! "r h& & re/ ! palm ( ! left h& ^u its blade4 ,!n l[] ! edge ^u ! /one until ! bevel /rikes x flatly1 & be> d[n ^u ! blade ) y\r left h&4 ,cont9ue ! gr9d+ until ! bright l9e ( ! dull edge has disappe>$ & an invisible edge has be5 obta9$4 ,/op :5 ?is po9t is rea*$ or ! edge w become fea!ry & break (f1 necessitat+ regr9d+4 ,gr9d ^u ! bevell$ edge only1 & hold ! tool 9 ! same relative position1 to prev5t ! bevel f becom+ r\nd$4 ,! angle ( ! bevel %\ld be ab\t tw5ty-five degrees4 ,to keep ?is angle ! same1 x is desirable to h a re/1 consi/+ ( a bo>d nail$ to ! frame ( ! /one1 ^u :i* to support ! h&le ( ! *isel4 ,g\ges & ,draw-knives are gr\nd simil>ly1 ! =m] be+ rock$ f side to side1 9 ord] to gr9d ! curv$ bevel uni=mly4 ,plane-irons are held ) bo? h&s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ce1 & gr\nd ! same1 except t ! corn]s ( ! smoo?+-& =e-plane irons are slightly r\nd$1 :ile ! edge ( ! jack-plane iron is a little high] at ! corn]s ?an 9 ! c5tre1 to give x ! qualities = remov+ ?ick %av+s4 ,x is m difficult to keep ! l9e betwe5 ! bevel & upp] "p ( ! iron /raight ?an 9 gr9d+ *isels1 on acc\nt ( ! wid] blade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,gr9d+ ! ,plane-iron4 ,knives & ,hat*ets are gr\nd ^u bo? sides ( ! blade4 ,( c\rse1 ! edge ( a tool is left 9 a v r\gh condition by ! gr9d-/one1 & mu/ be rubb$ up on an oil-/one be=e x is fit to cut )4 ,!re are _m makes ( :et/ones1 _m good ones & _m wor?less ones4 ,above all ?+s1 don't buy a *eap "o1 = x w be impossible to obta9 ke5 edges ^u x4 ,"o ( ! be/ /ones ^u ! m>ket is ,! ,wa%ita ,oil-/one1 a ,kansas /one ( m$ium h>dness1 free f grit & lumps1 & ( good quality ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--,:ett+ a ,plane-iron4 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,9 rubb+ up a plane-iron1 grasp ! end betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]s ( ! "r h& & place ! palm ( ! left h& across ! iron to br+ ! necess>y pressure ^u x 7see ,fig4 #cf74 ,in/ead ( hold+ ! blade on ! /one at ! angle ( ! bevel1 tip x to an angle ( ab\t ?irty-five degrees1 or t5 degrees m ?an t ( ! bevel4 ,) x held 9 ?is position1 rub x back & =? ^u ! /one ) a rot>y motion1 mak+ a second n>r[ bevel along ! edge ( ! tool 7see ,fig4 #cg74 ,be c>eful to keep ! blade 9 ! same position1 to prev5t ! bevels f becom+ r\nd$4 ,by ex]t+ a /eady upw>d pressure aga9/ ! end ( ! tool ) ! "r h&1 & an equal d[nw>d pressure 9 ! c5tre ( ! blade ) ! left h&1 ?is is easily accompli%$4 ,! r\gh edge :i* appe>s on ! back ( ! blade is remov$ by rubb+ ! flat side ( ! iron ov] ! /one a few times4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to keep ! iron p]fectly flat or a bevel w be =m$4 ,a ,/rop1 consi/+ ( a piece ( lea!r fa/5$ to a block ( wood z describ$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]1 %\ld be us$ aft] ! oil-/one1 to put a f9e edge ^u ! tool4 ,! tool is /ropp$ 9 ! same way z a razor is done4 ,saws require %>p5+ b once 9 a great :ile if prop] c>e is tak5 ( !m4 ,:5 !y d become dull1 or ne$ to be set1 x is advisable = y to pay an exp]i5c$ p]son to d ! "w r ?an attempt x y\rself4 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,"w ,a two-foot c>p5t]'s fold+ rule %\ld g5]ally be us$ 9 lay+ (f measurem5ts & a %>p-po9t$ p5cil or brad-awl to locate ! po9ts4 ,to connect ! po9ts x is necess>y to h a /raight-edge--a /eel fram+-squ>e 7,fig4 #db7 = l>ge bo>ds & a small try-squ>e 7,fig4 #ch7 = small] pieces--& a p5cil or knife4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ch-ci4 ,a p5cil may be us$ 9 connect+ po9ts ^u r\gh "w1 b = great] accuracy a knife %\ld be us$1 z x makes a ?9n] & clean]-cut l9e4 ,9 mak+ knife l9es1 ! squ>e mu/ be held v firmly1 to prev5t x f slipp+ & all[+ ! knife to run out ( its c\rse4 ,to draw l9es across a bo>d at "r angles to "o edge 7:i* %\ld be ! /raight or tri$ edge ( ! bo>d7 ) ! /eel-squ>e1 place "o arm ( ! squ>e p>allel ) ! tri$ edge & m>k along ! o!r arm4 ,to p]=m ! same op]ation ) ! try-squ>e1 place ! h&le aga9/ ! tri$ edge1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ch4 ,(t5times x becomes necess>y to draw a l9e p>allel to ! tri$ edge4 ,?is may be done r\ghly ) ! rule & p5cil1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dj4 ,grasp ! rule 9 ! left h&1 ) ! fir/ f+] t\*+ ! tri$ edge ( ! bo>d1 & hold ! p5cil po9t aga9/ ! end ( ! rule ) ! "r h&4 ,keep+ ?is position1 ) a /eady hold on ! rule & p5cil1 move y\r h&s along ! bo>d4 ,! result w be a l9e p>allel to ! tri$ edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--;,gaug+ ) ,rule & ,p5cil4 ,at fir/ y may h tr\ble 9 mak+ a /raight l9e1 b ) practice y w be able to hold ! rule & p5cil /eadily4 ,= p>ticul> "w1 :]e x is necess>y to get a p]fectly /raight & p>allel l9e1 ,a ,m>k+-gauge %\ld be us$4 ,?is is no?+ m ?an ! above pr9ciples comb9$ 9 a tool4 ,x consi/s ( a graduat$ %aft1 or rule1 ) a small ne$le or spur 9 "o end1 :i* slides ?r\gh a mortise made 9 a block ( wood kn[n z ! head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--,us+ ! ,m>k+-gauge4 ,to op]ate ! gauge1 set ! adju/able head at ! requir$ division on ! %aft1 & !n grasp ! head & %aft ) ! f+]s ( ! "r h&1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,place ! out] face ( ! head aga9/ ! tri$ edge ( y\r "w1 & !n1 press+ ! spur into ! wood1 move ! gauge along ! bo>d1 at ! same "t keep+ ! face ( ! head firmly aga9/ ! edge ( ! bo>d4 ,! gauge is mu* m conv5i5t ?an ! o!r me?od ( draw+ p>allel l9es1 = y c repeat ! measurem5t z (t5 z y wi%1 hav+ once adju/$ ! head1 )\t hav+ to lay x (f aga94 ,a ,try-squ>e ) a mitr$ h&le co/s b little m ?an ! ord9>y make1 & is mu* h&i]1 inasmu* z x c be employ$ 9 mak+ mitres1 by plac+ ! bevell$ end aga9/ ! side ( ! "w in/ead ( ! /raight side 7see ,figs4 #ch & #ci74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,! ,bevel is 9 reality a try-squ>e :i* c be adju/$ to any desir$ angle4 ,to set x at an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 place x on ! /eel-squ>e1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #db1 ) ! h&le aga9/ ! inn] edge ( "o arm ( ! squ>e & ! blade re/+ on bo? arms4 ,move ! blade until x /rikes equal di/ances on ! arms 7?is is %[n at f\r in*es 9 ! draw+7 & tight5 ! screw :ile x is 9 ?is position4 ,o!r angles may be drawn out ^u a piece ( wood & ! bevel adju/$ to !m s ^! angles c be laid (f ^u o!r pieces4 ,y w f9d ! bevel h&y = reproduc+ angles4 ,h[ev]1 if y are suppli$ ) a mitr$ try-squ>e y c easily disp5se ) x = ord9>y "w4 ,!re w be times :5 y wi% ,to ,divide a ,bo>d into a numb] ( equal p>ts1 :i* may be f\nd to be fractions ( an in* t _c be easily laid (f ) ! rule 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,x c be accompli%$ ) a pair ( compasses1 b until y become practis$ 9 _! use1 x w take "s little "t 9 sett+ !m1 divid+1 resett+1 & r$ivid+1 until ! exact divisor is obta9$4 ,a mu* quick] me?od is t p]=m$ ) ! rule1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dc4 ,suppose y wi% to divide a bo>d f\r & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long into five equal p>ts4 ,place y\r rule across ! bo>d1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 "o end at "o edge & ! five-in* division at ! opposite edge4 ,m>k (f ! five divisions & !n squ>e ! l9es across ! bo>d at ^! po9ts ) ! try-squ>e4 ,?is w give y ! requir$ five equal p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--;,divid+ a ,bo>d ,equally4 ,9 ! same way long] bo>ds may be divid$ up by us+ two-& ?ree-in* divisions on ! rule in/ead ( "o-in*1 & small] pieces by us+ half-& qu>t]-in* divisions4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,boy ,,ab\t ,,! ,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,boy ) ,c>ry+-box1 ,"m 9 ,kit*54 ,!re are g5]ally repairs ( "s k9d to be made ab\t ! h\se--su* z m5d+ scre5s1 r5ew+ w9d[-ropes1 repair+ wood5 walks1 pat*+ f5ces1 etc4--:i* a boy c d1 besides _m +5i\s articles = ! h\se :i* he c make 9 8 work%op4 ,ideas = labor-sav+ devices :i* _c be b\ght ^u ! m>ket pres5t !mselves n[ & !n1 & if !re is a boy 9 ! neighborhood to c>ry !m out1 ! h\sekeep] w be only too glad to pay him = do+ ! "w4 ,= g5]al jobb+ y w require a c>p5t]'s c>ry+-box 7,fig4 #ag1 ,*ap4 ,i7 9 :i* to c>ry y\r tools1 & a nail-box 7,fig4 #ah7 = nails1 screws1 h+es1 & su* h>dw>e z y w ne$ ^u ! job4 ,) ^! y w h a complete outfit4 ,a few sugge/ions z to :at y c d & :at y c make are describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt]1 & %\ld give y pl5ty ( mat]ial to "w ^u :5 y op5 up y\r c>p5t]-%op4 ,besides ^! ideas1 y w f9d mo/ ( ! articles 9 ! foll[+ *apt] suitable = ! h\se & pieces ( furniture = :i* x w be easy to secure ord]s4 ,! ,h+e-lock1 9 ,fig4 #dd1 is "o ( ! mo/ s]viceable w9d[-locks t c be _h1 = x c be s plac$ z to all[ ! w9d[ to be op5$ a few in*es = v5tilation1 & at ! same "t prev5t fur!r op5+4 ,! h+e is screw$ to ! upp] sa%-frame sev]al in*es above ! c5tre sa%-b>1 accord+ to ! di/ance ! w9d[ is to be op5$ 7see illu/ration74 ,x w be se5 t :5 ! h+e is op5$1 z 9 ! draw+1 nei!r sa% c be op5$ pa/ ! h+e2 b :5 ! h+e is fold$ flat x w n int]f]e ) ! op5+ ( ei!r sa%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--,! ,h+e ,w9d[ ,lock4 ,?is lock w\ld probably be m ext5sively us$ if p knew h[ simple & satisfactory x is4 ,z ! h+es co/ b a few c5ts a pair1 & are put on v quickly1 a boy %\ld realize a fair sum ( money 9 a %ort "t supply+ ^! locks4 ,a ,clo!s-l9e ,reel1 su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #de1 is an article no h\sekeep] %\ld be )\t4 ,its use does away ) twi/$1 tangl$1 & knott$ clo!s-l9es4 ,z !y require b little mat]ial1 & ! co/ ( t am\nts to almo/ no?+1 ! manufacture ( ^! "t-sav+ devices1 = ! neighbors1 %\ld prove pr(itable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--;,a ,clo!s-l9e ,reel4 ,! reel consi/s ( two /rips ( wood sixte5 in*es long by ?ree in*es wide = ! sides1 & two pieces ( broom-h&les sixte5 in*es long = ! horizontal rods 7see ,fig4 #de74 ,five in*es f ea* end ( ! side-pieces1 bore a hole ! size ( ! broom-h&le4 ,) ! pieces ?us prep>$ x is a simple matt] to fit !m toge!r1 z 9 ! illu/ration1 plac+ ! broom-h&les 9 ! holes bor$ = !m1 & fa/5+ !m s ! side-pieces are n9e in*es ap>t & a h&le five in*es long projects on ei!r side4 ,x is probably ne$less to say t ! ends ( ! broom-/icks are held 9 ! h&s :5 op]at+ ! reel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--;,broom & ,du/-pan ,rack4 ,a ,broom & ,du/-pan ,rack is a h&y article = ! kit*5 or broom-closet1 & c be made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #df4 ,a rack to hold a l>ge & small broom1 du/-pan1 & bru%1 %\ld measure ?ree feet long1 ?ree in*es wide1 & be made out ( a sev5-eigh?s-in* bo>d4 ,bevel ! edges & place f\r brass hooks 9 ! front1 z %[n 9 ! draw+1 f :i* to hang ! broom1 du/-pan1 etc4 ,brooms %\ld always be damp5$ & put away1 h&le d[n1 accord+ to ! advice ( an old broom-mak]1 :o claims t by s do+ ! /raws are kept f becom+ brittle & ! broom la/s mu* long]4 ,! brooms %\ld !re=e h screw-eyes plac$ 9 ! h&le1 j above ! t9 b9d+1 to hang ^u ! hooks1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! rack %\ld be screw$ to ! wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--;,a ,fly-kill]4 ,fly-pap]s & poisons are deadly enemies to ! h\se-fly1 b none are z effectual or z quick act+ z ,! ,fly-kill]1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #dg4 ,?is simple device consi/s ( a piece ( scre5-wire1 ab\t f\r by five in*es1 /uck into a slot made 9 ! end ( a /ick1 & fa/5$ 9 place ) tacks driv5 ?r\gh ! end ( ! h&le & cl9*$ ^u ! "u side4 ,if possible1 cut ! wire ) a selvage along ! front edge1 & trim ! r\ghness f ! o!r edges to prev5t scrat*+4 ,! fly-kill] is hung up by a screw-eye plac$ 9 ! end ( ! h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--;,an ,a%-sift]4 ,) ! fly-kill] a p]son c /rike at a fly ) almo/ a c]ta9ty ( kill+ x4 ,z ! scre5-wire is n easily se5 by ! fly1 & ! me% all[s ! air to pass ?r\gh1 !re is no?+ to al>m him4 ,^! little ?+s are quickly made1 & :5 y %[ y\r cu/om] h[ effective !y are1 y w f9d no tr\ble 9 dispos+ ( !m4 ,an ,a%-sift] t is du/-pro( & v satisfactory is %[n 9 ,fig4 #dh4 ,x is made out ( a pack+-case ab\t ?ree feet long1 eighte5 in*es wide1 & tw5ty-f\r in*es deep4 ,set ! box ^u two-by-f\r /ilts 9 ! %$ or y>d 7brac$ z %[n 9 ! illu/ration71 9 su* a position t ! bottom ( ! box w be on a level ) ! top ( ! alley a%-box4 ,!n cut an op5+ ?r\gh ! %$ wall & end ( ! box1 z %[n at ,,ab1 = ! removal ( a%es4 ,two /rips are nail$ to ! sides ( ! box 7sev5 in*es bel[ ! top7 = tracks = ! sift] to run ^u1 & bel[ ?is1 at ,c1 a bo>d slide is plac$ to dump ! a%es1 :i* %ake ?r\gh ! sift]1 out ( ! op5+ 9 ! end ( ! box into ! a%-box4 ,nail "o half ( ! cov] to ! top ( ! box & h+e ! o!r half to x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,! ,sift]4 ,make ! sift] eighte5 in*es squ>e by six in*es deep1 us+ six-in* bo>ds = ! frame & "o-?ird or "o-half in* wire-me% = ! bottom 7see ,fig4 #di7 ,fa/5 f\r trunk-ca/]s1 su* z are %[n 9 ,fig4 #ej1 to ! bottom ( ! frame1 & fit a broom-/ick 9 "o side = a h&le4 ,a slot mu/ be cut 9 ! end ( ! box = ! h&le to fit 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,trunk-ca/]4 ,a ,bread-bo>d may be made out ( a sev5-eigh?s in* maple bo>d ab\t t5 by eighte5 in*es1 ) ! surface plan$ p]fectly smoo? & ! edges bevell$ or r\nd$4 ,a hole %\ld be bor$ ne> "o edge1 s x may be hung up 9 ! pantry4 ,! d9+-room is n complete )\t ,a ,plate-rack = ! display ( pretty pieces ( *9a4 ,figures #ea & #eb %[ ! details = ! con/ruction ( a rack ( ?ree %elves1 & 9 size ?ree feet long & two feet t5 in*es high4 ,al?\gh ! design is v simple 9 outl9e1 x is su* z w make a pleas+ piece ( furniture :5 neatly c>ri$ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,a ,plate-rack4 ,prep>e ! two side-pieces ! %ape & size %[n 9 ,fig4 #eb1 & cut ! %elves two feet t5 in*es long by ! wid?s giv5 9 ! draw+ 7,fig4 #eb74 ,"o groove %\ld be made 9 %elf ,a & two 9 %elves ,b & ,c1 = ! edges ( plates to /& 94 ,^! grooves are cut ) a *isel1 & %\ld be made ,v-%ap$ z %[n4 ,n>r[ /rips ( wood may be nail$ along ! %elves z sub/itutes = ! grooves if y wi%1 b ! "w requir$ to plane up ! /rips w am\nt to ab\t z mu*1 & !y d n pres5t z neat an appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,hav+ cut out ! %elves & side-pieces1 y are ready to put ! rack toge!r4 ,= ?is purpose y %\ld use f9i%+-nails s _! heads w n make v l>ge holes 9 ! surface ( ! wood4 ,fa/5 ! bottom %elf 7,c7 betwe5 ! side-pieces sev5 in*es above ! bottom1 ! middle %elf 7,b7 t5 in*es above t1 & ! top %elf 7,a7 n9e in*es above ! middle %elf4 ,! inn] edges ( ! %elves %\ld be fa/5$ flu% ) ! edges ( ! sides4 ,9 ! bottom %elf place a r[ ( brass hooks = cups to hang ^u4 ,x is necess>y to fa/5 ?ree /rips two in*es wide betwe5 ! sides 9 ! back ( ! rack 7z %[n 9 ! draw+7 = ! tops ( ! plates to re/ aga9/4 ,two holes %\ld be bor$ 9 ! top /rip1 by :i* to hang ! rack on nails or hooks fa/5$ 9 ! wall4 ,aft] complet+ ! c>p5t]-"w1 f9i% ! rack ) a /a9 :i* w h>monize ) ! color s*eme ( ! room 9 :i* x is to hang4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,a ,,boy',s ,,room ,illu/ration3 ,boy ,read+1 ,boy ,writ+4 ,x is f> bett] = a boy to sp5d 8 ev5+s 9 ! h\se ?an out ^u ! /reet4 ,he ne$ n be )\t 8 fri5ds !re1 = if he has an attractive room1 ) books to read1 games to play1 & puzzles to solve1 ! boys ( ! neighborhood w soon f9d x out & be only too glad to h a *ance to visit him1 kn[+ !y w be sure ( f9d+ pl5ty ( ?+s to int]e/ !m4 ,! simpl] ! furni%+s ( a boy's room are ! bett]4 ,pla9 & sub/antial furniture :i* w /& p]haps a little r\gh] usage ?an t 9 o!r rooms ( ! h\se1 & h&y places = /or+ away 8 traps1 are :at are ne$$4 ,! room %\ld be 8 d5 :]e he c keep :at he pleases1 & arrange ! fitt+s to suit 8 individual ta/es4 ,%elves = 8 books & magaz9es1 a cab9et = v>i\s collections1 boxes = miscellane\s articles1 & a desk at :i* he c /udy & keep 8 acc\nts1 are a few ( ! ?+s ! room %\ld conta94 ,^! pieces c easily be con/ruct$ 9 ! work%op1 by foll[+ ! directions giv5 9 ?is *apt]4 ,on ! opposite page is %[n a s*eme = a boy's room sugge/ive ( 8 sports1 games1 & h&icraft1 & :ile ev]y?+ is simple & inexp5sive 9 ! furni%+s1 x makes a room t w /rike ! fancy ( ! av]age boy4 ,no?+ appe>s m attractive ?an ,a ,cosey-corn]1 su* z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & x is a simple matt] to fit "o up4 ,a home-made c\*1 box1 or seat ( "s sort %\ld be con/ruct$ to set 9 ! corn]1 a %elf fa/5$ to "o wall a foot or m above x1 & sev]al %elves hung on ! adjo9+ wall1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,pur*ase sev]al y>ds ( a d>k %ade ( gre5 d5im1 & enclose ! corn] ) ?ree /rips 7see illu/ration74 ,! upp] /rip is /ret*$ across ! corn] at ! ceil+1 & ! o!r two atta*$ to its ends & all[$ to hang to ! floor4 ,x is a good idea to make also a dado ( ! same mat]ial )9 ! corn] f ! basebo>d to ! "u side ( ! %elves4 ,p5nants repres5tative ( ! v>i\s colleges c be made out ( *eese-clo?1 & a /r+ ( ^! hung across ! corn] at ! ceil+ w produce a pretty effect4 ,! walls ( ! room may be bright5$ ) ,small ,po/]s1 :i* x is an easy matt] to obta9 n[adays1 & small pictures m\nt$ ^u color$ mats & fa/5$ beh9d glass by means ( passe-p>t\t pap] are always attractive4 ,illu/ration3 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,a ,,boy',s ,,room4 ,picture-frames c be made out ( n>r[ m\ld+1 ! corn]s ( :i* h be5 mitr$ 9 ! mitre-box to make !m jo9 neatly4 ,a frame :i* has prov5 satisfactory = small po/]s & pictures n requir+ glass is "o made out ( common la?s4 ,! ends ( ! la?s are n mitr$ z is usually ! case 9 mak+ frames1 b are fa/5$ toge!r ) :at is kn[n z a butt-jo9t2 t is1 ! ends ( ea* piece are set aga9/ ! ends ( ! adjo9+ pieces4 ,! simple/ way ( fa/5+ !m toge!r is by means ( small /rips ( wood nail$ across ! corn]s on ! back ( ! frame4 ,al?\gh ?is frame might be expect$ to h a clumsy appe>ance1 x has n1 & :5 ?or\ghly s&-pap]$ & f9i%$ ) a dull gre5 /a9 is v pretty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--;,a ,writ+-desk4 ,! ,writ+-desk %[n 9 ,fig4 #ec is con/ruct$ out ( a box1 & makes a pretty piece ( furniture :5 complet$4 ,procure a box z free f defects z possible1 & ) fairly wide bo>ds1 s !re w be b few cracks4 ,! cov] %\ld be 9 n m ?an two pieces1 z x =ms ! drop-front ( ! desk1 & x w\ld be difficult to fa/5 m toge!r4 ,! bo>ds mu/ be fa/5$ ) d[els & cleats on ! edges1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ed1 z cleats ^u ! inside ( ! drop w\ld be 9 ! way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,d[ell+ consi/s 9 bor+ holes along ! edge ( ea* bo>d & fitt+ pegs 9 !m4 ,( c\rse ! holes mu/ be bor$ 9 exactly ! same relative positions 9 ea* piece s t ! end & sides ( ! bo>ds w be flu% ) ea* o!r :5 ! pegs h be5 put 9 place4 ,to get ! holes correctly bor$1 place ! bo>ds toge!r 9 ! vise ) two edges flu% & upp]mo/1 & squ>e l9es six in*es ap>t across ! edges1 aft] :i* locate ! c5tres ( ! holes on ^! l9es4 ,be c>eful to bore ! holes /raight1 & make !m a little long] ?an ! pegs4 ,cut ! pegs out ( h>d wood & make !m l>ge en\gh to fit tightly 9 ! holes4 ,! pegs z well z ! two edges ( ! bo>ds %\ld be sme>$ ) glue be=e be+ put toge!r4 ,!n1 aft] driv+ 9 ! d[els1 clamp ! pieces toge!r & lay !m aside until ! glue has ?or\ghly dri$4 ,9 ord] to make a neat jo9t betwe5 ! two bo>ds1 x is v necess>y to h ! two edges plan$ p]fectly true & squ>e4 ,:ile ! bo>ds ( ! drop-front are dry+1 y c prep>e ! inside ( ! box4 ,a boy's desk %\ld be suppli$ ) pl5ty ( pigeon-holes & draw]s4 ,!y are z necess>y z pockets are 9 8 clo!s4 ,split-up cig>-boxes may be us$ = ^! divisions1 &1 by mak+ ! upp] ones ( ! "r size1 cig>-boxes may be fitt$ 9 !m = draw]s4 ,! pap] %\ld be remov$ f ! boxes z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,fa/5 small silk-spools to ! front ( ! draw]s = knobs4 ,:5 ! d[ell$ pieces h dri$1 nail a small m\ld+ ar\nd ! two end edges & "o side edge1 mitr+ ! ends s z to fit toge!r z %[n at ,a 7,fig4 #ed74 ,! drop-front %\ld be h+$ to ! box ) two h+es plac$ on ! inside1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ec1 & brass *a9s atta*$ to screw-eyes screw$ into x & ! inside ( ! box4 ,= ! top ( ! box1 pur*ase a m\ld+ a little l>g] ?an t us$ ar\nd ! edges ( ! drop-front & mitre x at ! corn]s1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,be=e putt+ any f9i% ^u ! desk1 s&-pap] ! wood1 set ! nails ) a nail-set1 & fill all holes & cracks ) putty4 ,a c\ple ( coats ( :ite enamel appli$ to ! outside w produce a v pretty effect1 & ! inside may be f9i%$ ) l9se$ oil1 :i* makes a beautiful f9i% = ! cig>-boxes4 ,! desk %\ld be support$ on two iron brackets 7enamell$ to mat* ! desk71 screw$ to ! wall & "u side ( ! desk4 ,9 ,fig4 #ee w be f\nd ,ano!r ,/yle ( ,desk1 :i*1 ?\gh n z simple to make1 may be pref]r$ to ! fir/ design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--;,ano!r ,/yle ( ,desk4 ,cut two bo>ds fifte5 in*es long by twelve in*es wide = ! sides1 & tap] ea* f twelve in*es at "o end to eight in*es at ! o!r end4 ,cut a bo>d twelve by ?irty in*es = ! bottom & ano!r eight by ?irty = ! top1 & nail !m to ! end pieces1 aft] :i* saw ! bo>ds = ! back & drop-front4 ,d[el & glue ! drop-front bo>ds toge!r1 nail a m\ld+ ar\nd ?ree edges1 & h+e ! piece to ! desk1 z 9 ! case ( ! o!r design4 ,p>tition (f ! inside ( ! desk z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & nail a m\ld+ ar\nd ! top4 ,f9i% ! wood 9 ! mann] describ$ = ! o!r desk4 ,an ,ink-/& & ,p5-tray1 suitable = y\r desk1 c be made out ( a cig>-box1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ef4 ,slope ! edges ) y\r jack-knife & cut sev]al not*es 9 !m = p5s & p5cils to fit 94 ,! wood %\ld !n be s&-pap]$ & oil$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--;,ink-/& & ,p5-tray4 ,a ,c\* = ! cosey-corn] ( y\r room c be made out ( two boxes ab\t ?ree feet long1 two feet wide1 & eighte5 in*es deep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,a ,c\*4 ,remove "o side ( ea* box & nail ! cov]s on1 aft] :i* place ! two boxes end to end & fa/5 !m toge!r ) /rips nail$ across !m at ,a1 ,b1 & ,c 7,fig4 #eg74 ,an incl9e ab\t eighte5 in*es long %\ld be fa/5$ to "o end1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,! inside ( ! boxes may be p>tition$ (f & us$ = /or+ away magaz9es & pamphlets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--;,a ,w9d[-seat4 ,= ! cov]+ ( ! c\* procure sev]al y>ds ( cretonne1 "s cotton batt+ or an old quilt to pad ! top1 a box ( uphol/]+-tacks1 & sev]al doz5 brass-head$ tacks4 ,aft] spread+ ! padd+ ov] ! c\*1 cut a piece ( cretonne l>ge en\gh to cov] x & tack x to ! edge ( ! boxes1 us+ ! uphol/]+-tacks = ! purpose4 ,make a valance ( ! same mat]ial1 ga!r+ ! cretonne s z to =m a head+ at ! top1 & tack x ar\nd ! box4 ,!n place ! brass tacks along ! top ( ! valance ab\t two in*es ap>t4 ,if a c\* is too l>ge = y\r room y c make ,a ,w9d[-seat1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #eh4 ,cut ! arms ! %ape %[n 9 ! illu/ration & fa/5 !m to ! ends ( ! box4 ,batt5 ! bo>ds =m+ ! box-cov] on ! "u side4 ,!n tack cretonne on to ! cov]1 arms1 & outside ( ! box1 plac+ padd+ und]nea? ! cretonne to make x s(t1 & l9e ! inside ( ! box ) "s da9ty color$ goods4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 h+e ! cov] to ! box ) l>ge fancy brass h+es4 ,! appe>ance ( ! seat w be greatly improv$ by plac+ brass tacks along ! edges ( ! arms & seat1 ab\t two in*es ap>t4 ,! inside ( ! box w make a h&y receptacle = clo!s & l954 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--;,a ,curio-cab9et4 ,= ^? int]e/$ 9 mak+ collections ( /amps1 co9s1 /ones1 insects1 etc41 ,a ,curio-cab9et1 simil> to ,fig4 #ei1 w make x possible to keep all specim5s arrang$ 9 ord]1 ea* set ( curios occupy+ a %elf by itself4 ,su* a cab9et %\ld be made ( bass or :itewood1 z ^! c g5]ally be obta9$ 9 great] wid?s1 are *eap]1 & less defective ?an o!r mat]ial4 ,if y make y\r cab9et five feet high1 two feet wide 7inside measurem5t71 & twelve in*es deep1 pur*ase twelve-in* bo>ds1 z ^! make x possible to h ! sides 9 "o piece & ! back 9 two1 a great advantage1 z !re w !n be b "o crack1 & t up ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! back4 ,aft] cutt+ ! side-pieces ! correct l5g?1 f9i% _! edges z 9 ! draw+4 ,!n cut n9e bo>ds two feet long = ! %elves1 :i* are to be plac$ six in*es ap>t4 ,comm5c+ at ! top ( ea* side-piece1 lay (f ! ?ickness ( a %elf1 :i* w be ab\t sev5-eigh?s ( an in*1 & squ>e ! l9es across ! bo>ds2 !n lay (f ! next %elf six in*es bel[1 & s on d[n to ! bottom4 ,cut along ^! l9es to a dep? ( ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ) a saw1 & remove ! wood betwe5 ) a *isel4 ,:5 all ! grooves h be5 cut1 slip ! %elves into !m "o by "o1 & nail !m to ! side-pieces4 ,aft] fa/5+ ! %elves1 cut ! two twelve-in* bo>ds = ! back & nail !m 9 place4 ,:ile x is cu/om>y to put sa%-doors on cab9ets1 ?is w be too difficult a job = y to attempt4 ,a v pretty & inexp5sive door may be made z 9 ! illu/ration4 ,make a frame out ( two-in* /rips to fit ! op5+1 & /ret* "s gre5 d5im ov] x1 tack+ x to ! inside ( ! frame4 ,! ends ( ! /rips =m+ ! frame %\ld be mitr$ & ei!r nail$ toge!r or fa/5$ ) d[els & glue1 z describ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! desk 7see ,fig4 #ed74 ,h+e ! frame to ! cab9et4 ,to f9i% ! cab9et1 rub x d[n ) s&-pap]1 set ! nails ) a nail-set1 & putty up all holes1 aft] :i* /a9 ! wood gre51 a %ade d>k] ?an ! d5im panel 9 ! front4 ,al?\gh ! %elves may be simply /a9$1 !y w be mu* nic] = hold+ curios if cov]$ ) felt4 ,x might be well to sugge/ t y numb] ea* curio1 & make a catalogue ( ^!1 toge!r ) ! names & any data y h conc]n+ !m4 ,! catalogue may be hung on a hook ^u ! inside ( ! door1 :]e x c always be f\nd4 ,a pretty set ( ,book-%elves to hang ^u ! wall c be made ) ?ree bo>ds tw5ty-f\r in*es long by eight in*es wide1 f\r doz5 spools all ( ! same size1 & two pieces ( rope ab\t f\r feet long & small en\gh to fit 9 ! holes ( ! spools4 ,by sav+ ! empty spools f y\r "m's "w-basket1 & hav+ y\r fri5ds save _! spools = y1 x w n be v long until y h ! requir$ numb]4 ,spools ^u :i* numb] ?irty-six cotton ?read comes are ( ! be/ l5g?4 ,bore holes 9 ! f\r corn]s ( ea* bo>d4 ,!n1 beg9n+ ) ! bo>d :i* is to =m ! bottom %elf1 pass ! ropes d[n ?r\gh ! holes on "o side1 across "u ! %elf1 & up ?r\gh ! holes on ! opposite side4 ,/r+ six spools on ea* rope & put ! ropes ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! next %elf2 !n /r+ six m spools on ea* rope & run ! ropes ?r\gh ! next or top %elf4 ,tie ! ropes toge!r ab\t a foot above ! top %elf1 fr++ ! ends to =m tassels4 ,figure #fj %[s ! %elves complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--,spool ,book-%elves4 ,a ,black+-case made simil> to ,fig4 #fa is a h&y article = a boy to h 9 8 room4 ,z ! friction f a rag rubb$ ov] ! %oe produces a f9] poli% ?an a bru% :5 poli%+ pa/e is us$1 ! box is provid$ ) an arrangem5t by :i* a rag c be rubb$ ov] ! %oe )\t mu* ef=t 7see illu/ration74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--;,a ,black+-case4 ,procure a box ab\t ! size ( a soap or crack]-box1 & fa/5 a bo>d 9 x = a foot-re/1 z %[n at ,a 9 ! draw+4 ,on ea* side ( ?is place a piece ( a broom-h&le a little %ort] ?an ! inside wid? ( ! box1 & pivot !m at ! ends ) wire nails driv5 ?r\gh ! sides ( ! box1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,gimlet holes %\ld be made 9 ! sides ( ! box s ! nails w fit loosely 9 !m4 ,procure a /rip ( canton-flannel tw5ty-f\r in*es long by six in*es wide1 &1 aft] sew+ two brass r+s to ea* end1 pass ! clo? "u ! roll]s & ov] ! foot-re/1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! l[] "p ( ! box w hold y\r boxes ( black+ & ! bru%es4 ,to h access to ?is1 a bo>d %\ld be remov$ f ! side ( ! box & h+$ z at ,b & ,c 9 ! illu/ration4 ,place a button-cat* j above x to keep x %ut4 ,fa/5 toge!r ! bo>ds =m+ ! box-cov] ) batt5s1 & h+e !m to ! end ( ! box4 ,! outside ( ! case w be improv$ greatly if cov]$ ) d5im4 ,aft] apply+ ! pa/e to ! %oe1 ! foot %\ld be slipp$ "u ! clo? :i* passes ov] ! foot-re/4 ,two f+]s ( ea* h& %\ld !n be plac$ 9 ! r+s & ! clo? pull$ back & =? ov] ! roll]s until ! %oe is poli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--;,a ,t[el-rack4 ,a ,t[el-rack1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fb1 is made 9 f\r pieces1--a bo>d ab\t eighte5 in*es long = ! back1 two arms six in*es long1 & a piece ( broom-h&le eighte5 in*es long4 ,aft] cutt+ out ! arms ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #fc1 bore a hole l>ge en\gh = a broom-h&le to fit 9 ea*4 ,bevel ! edges ( ! eighte5-in* bo>d1 & !n nail x to ! arms1 driv+ ! nails ?r\gh ?is piece into ! arms4 ,fit ! piece ( broom-h&le into ! holes bor$ = !m1 & trim (f ! ends s t ab\t "o in* projects beyond ! face ( ea* arm4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4 ,s&-pap] ! wood1 & ei!r pa9t or v>ni% x4 ,atta* screw-eyes to ! top ( ! back bo>d & hang ! rack by ^! to hooks plac$ 9 ! wall4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,doll-,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,boy ,pres5t+ ,doll-h\se to 8 ,si/]s ,! av]age /ore doll-h\se is made ( ?9 wood1 :i* is full ( defects & likely to w>p1 besides be+ put toge!r 9 su* a flimsy mann] z to soon fall ap>t4 ,! majority ( ^! are import$ h\ses1 design$ & plann$ 9 =eign /yles1 ! ext]iors be+ cov]$ ) clumsy ornam5t & gaudily pa9t$1 :ile ! int]iors are v poorly plann$ & proportion$4 ,am]icaniz$ doll-h\ses are seldom se5 9 ! m>ket1 & ! few !re are w g5]ally be f\nd v exp5sive4 ,!re is probably no?+ m int]e/+ = a boy to make ?an a doll-h\se4 ,x is l build+ y\r own h\se on a small scale1 ! details & proportions hav+ to be j z c>efully work$ out to make a good-appe>+ h\se4 ,try ! con/ruction ( a h\se = "o ( y\r girl relatives & see h[ mu* %e w appreciate x4 ,!n hav+ complet$ "o & le>n$ ! _m little tricks !re are 9 do+ ?is "w1 y w f9d x quick] & easi] to turn out o!rs to sell4 ,neatly made h\ses are always salable1 & x %\ld be an easy matt] = y to make arrangem5ts ) a toy deal] 9 y\r t[n1 to place "s ( y\r "w 9 8 /ore to sell on commission4 ,! doll-h\se design$ & detail$ 9 ?is *apt] is easily con/ruct$ & ,! ,mat]ials ,requir$ d n am\nt to v mu*4 ,bo>ds t5 in*es wide & "o-half in* ?ick are pref]able = ! g5]al con/ruction1 ) a few f\r-in* bo>ds "o in* ?ick = ! base & a few o!r details4 ,basswood probably w be f\nd ! easie/ wood to "w )1 z x is s(t1 /raight-gra9$1 & free f knots4 ,pack+-cases may be us$ to advantage :5 !y are ( ! "r size1 b !y are g5]ally made ( a *eap grade ( p9e1 full ( knots & o!r defects t make x difficult to d a good job4 ,cig>-boxes make ! nice/ mat]ial = ! int]ior f9i%1 & a numb] ( all sizes %\ld be procur$ = ?is purpose4 ,prep>e ! boxes = use z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,f\rp5ny nails %\ld be pur*as$ = ! r\gh c>p5t] "w1 & brads & glue = atta*+ f9i%+-/rips & all light wood4 ,pa9ts & o!r mat]ial are specifi$ z requir$4 ,z %[n on ! plans 7,figs4 #fe1 #ff1 & #fg71 ! h\se describ$ 9 ?is *apt] is ( ?ree floors1 conta9+ n9e rooms1 & is 9 size1 ?irty in*es wide1 tw5ty in*es deep1 & ?ree feet high4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #fe-gj4--,plans ( ,doll-h\se & ,patt]ns = ! ,p>titions4 ,! ,base1 or false basem5t1 %\ld be made fir/4 ,x consi/s ( two f\r-by-"o in* bo>ds ?irty in*es long & two tw5ty in*es long1 ) ! ends mitr$ & fa/5$ toge!r 9 ! =m ( a frame4 ,^u ?is ,lay ! ,fir/ ,floor1 all[+ b "o-half in* ( ! bo>ds to be> on ! frame on all sides4 ,!n lay (f ! fir/-floor plan 7,fig4 #fe7 ^u ?is floor ) a p5cil & squ>e1 locat+ ! p>titions by means ( ! dim5sions giv5 on ! plan4 ,make ! ,p>titions ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 ! %ape & size %[n 9 ,fig4 #fh1 & nail !m to ! places m>k$ out = !m on ! floor4 ,! ,/airs f fir/ to second floors 7,fig4 #ga7 %\ld n[ be con/ruct$ z describ$ lat] "u ! head ( ,/airways1 z x w\ld be difficult to set !m 9 place aft] ! walls are up4 ,make ! ,front & ,re> ,walls tw5ty-n9e in*es wide & tw5ty in*es high1 & nail !m to ! edges ( ! floor4 ,! outside surface ( ! walls %\ld n[ be 9 l9e ) ! base4 ,leave ! cutt+ ( ! w9d[s until ! re/ ( ! h\se has be5 put toge!r4 ,! walls may be prev5t$ f spread+ by means ( tempor>y braces nail$ across ! tops4 ,lay ! ,second ,floor1 cutt+ a ?ree by t5 in* /air op5+ 9 ! place indicat$ on ! plan 7,fig4 #ff71 & fa/5 ! bo>ds to ! front & re> walls4 ,draw ^u ?is ! second-floor plan1 & ,cut ,out ,p>titions ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 & ,g1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--;,details ( ,inside ,/airs4 ,aft] nail+ ^! p>titions to ! places m>k$ out = !m1 & build+ 9 ! /airs1 ,lay ! ,?ird ,floor 7,fig4 #fg71 cutt+ a ?ree by sev5 in* /air op5+1 & fa/5+ ! bo>ds 9 place z y did ^? ( ! second floor4 ,/airways4--,:ile ea* /airway %\ld be built be=e ! floor above is laid1 9 ord] t ! "w c m easily be done1 !y h be5 left = description "h1 t !y might be spok5 ( 9 a g5]al way4 ,9 ,figs4 #ga1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd1 & #ge w be f\nd complete details = ^!4 ,! fir/ ?+s to prep>e are ,! ,/air ,/r+]s1 or supports = ! /eps 7treads & ris]s74 ,cut f a piece ( c>dbo>d :at is kn[n z ,! ,pit*-bo>d1 ! patt]n by :i* to lay out ! /eps 7,fig4 #gc74 ,!n draw a l9e l5g?wise ^u a ?9 /rip ( wood 7,,ab 9 ,fig4 #gb71 & lay (f ! pit*-bo>d on ?is z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gb--sixte5 times = ! fir/ to second /ory /airs & fifte5 times = ! second to ?ird /ory /airs4 ,draw ! l9e ,,de p>allel to ,,ab1 & ! l9es ,,cd & ,,ef z %[n4 ,!n cut out ! /r+] along ! l9es ,,cdef1 be+ c>eful 9 do+ s n to split (f ! corn]s4 ,prep>e two /r+]s = ea* flight ( /airs4 ,! ,treads & ,ris]s %\ld be cut z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gd1 & ! ,newel-po/s & ,h&-rails z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ge4 ,make a small groove 9 ! bottom ( ! h&-rail z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,too?picks are ( j ! "r size = ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #gb-ge4--;,details ( ,inside ,/airs4 ,! ,balu/]s4--,z brads are likely to split ! ?9 cig>-box wood1 ! /aircases %\ld be put toge!r ) glue4 ,fir/ fa/5 ! /r+]s 9 place1 cutt+ a slot 9 ! edge ( ! floors = ! tops to set 91 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ga4 ,!n glue on ! treads & ris]s1 & cut ! bottom ( ! newel-po/ to fit ov] ! second /ep4 ,! l[] end ( ! too?pick balu/]s are set into slits cut ) a knife 9 ! treads1 & ! upp] ends fit 9 ! groove cut 9 ! h&-rail4 ,! ,balu/rades ar\nd ! /air op5+s on ! second & ?ird floors are made 9 ! same way 7see ,fig4 #ga74 ,z f9i%$ floors are to be laid 9 ! halls1 z describ$ lat]1 x w be well at ?is po9t to fa/5 a /rip f a cig>-box ar\nd ! /air op5+s1 ^u :i* to fa/5 ! newels & 9 :i* to /ick ! ends ( ! balu/]s4 ,! draw+s give e detail & measurem5t necess>y = ! mak+ ( ^! /airs1 & ev]y?+ w "w out correctly if ! directions are closely foll[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--,! ,front ,/eps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4 ,a ,,colonial ,,doll-,,h\se4 ,! ,front ,/eps are made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gf4 ,cut out two balu/rades ! %ape & size %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,!n prep>e two /r+]s ( five /eps1 cutt+ !m exactly ! same z = ! o!r /airs1 & glue !m to ! inn] faces ( ! balu/rades4 ,! treads & ris]s are ! same z = ! o!r /airs1 except t !y are f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,cut ! top plat=m two & "o-half in*es wide4 ,! ,re> ,/eps may be built simil> to ! front1 or may be made simpl] by leav+ (f ! ris]s & balu/rade4 ,! ,ends ( ! ,h\se %\ld measure tw5ty in*es squ>e4 ,fa/5 ! bo>ds toge!r ) batt5s at top & bottom1 & h+e !m to ! re> wall 7see plans & ,fig4 #fd74 ,small hooks on ! ends ( ! h\se w make x possible to fa/5 !m %ut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4--,make ,gable-ends l ,?is4 ,! ro( is :at is kn[n z ,! ,gambrel or ,octagonal ,ro(1 & consi/s ( two eight & two n9e in* bo>ds ?irty-f\r in*es long4 ,be=e fa/5+ ^! 9 place1 x w be necess>y to make ,! ,gable-ends1 :i* are cut out z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gg4 ,make ! p>tition betwe5 ! nurs]y & ball-room 7,h7 9 ! same way1 ) a door cut 9 x1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #gj4 ,fa/5 ! p>tition & gable-ends 9 place1 aft] :i* nail ! ro( bo>ds ,b & ,c 7,fig4 #gj7 to ! top1 all[+ !m to project ov] ea* gable4 ,! l[] bo>ds ,a & ,d %\ld be h+$ to ^!1 s !y may be rais$ to get at ! upp] /ory4 ,! edges ( ! bo>ds mu/ be bevell$ 9 ord] to make p]fect jo9ts4 ,:5 ! "w has proce$$ ?us f>1 cut ,! ,door & ,w9d[ ,op5+s 9 ! places indicat$ ^u ! plans & ,fig4 #fd1 fir/ bor+ holes 9 ! f\r corn]s ( ea* w9d[ & door space2 & !n connect+ !m ) a compass-saw4 ,) ! exception ( ! front & re> door1 & ! w9d[s 9 ! basem5t & gable-ends1 make all op5+s ?ree by five in*es1 & two in*es above ! floor4 ,! casem5t w9d[ op5+s 9 ! gable-ends are to be f\r by five in*es & ext5d to ! floor4 ,cut ?ree-by-sev5-in* op5+s = ! doors1 & make ! basem5t w9d[ op5+s two by ?ree in*es4 ,figs4 #gh1 #gi1 #hj1 #ha1 & #hb %[ ! con/ruction ( ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #gh-hb4--;,details ( ,dorm] ,w9d[s4 ,! ,dorm] ,w9d[s4 ,^! are made f cig>-boxes4 ,= ! ?ree dorm]s1 y w require six pieces ! %ape ( ,a = ! sides1 ?ree ( ,b = ! gable-ends1 & six ( ,c = ! ro( 7see ,figs4 #hj1 #ha1 & #hb74 ,) ! diff]5t p>ts cut out1 x is a simple matt] to fa/5 !m toge!r on ! ro(1 by means ( glue & small brads4 ,! glass is b\nd to ! ends ( ! side-pieces at ,d & ,e ) /rips ( l951 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #gh & #gi1 & ! gable-end sets on ! top edge4 ,! dorm]s %\ld be plac$ directly ov] ! l[] w9d[s & 9 l9e ) ! front wall 7see ,fig4 #gi74 ,old f\r-by-five cam]a plates may be us$ = ,! ,w9d[ ,glass1 by cutt+ !m d[n to ! requir$ dim5sions--?ree by five in*es = ! fir/ & second /ories1 & two by ?ree in*es = ! dorm] & basem5t w9d[s4 ,f\r-by-five plates are ! "r size = ! casem5t w9d[s4 ,z ! basem5t is to repres5t /one1 !re w be no f9i% ar\nd ! op5+s1 & ! glass w h to be held 9 place ) cig>-box /rips on ! inside & putty on ! outside1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #hc & #hd4 ,! glass %\ld be fa/5$ 9 ! fir/ & second /ory w9d[s by means ( putty & /rips ( cig>-boxes 7see ,figs4 #he1 #hf1 & #hg74 ,we w make ! inside & outside trim ! same to simplify matt]s2 s cut two sets ( /rips = ea* w9d[1 mak+ !m ! %ape & size %[n 9 ,figs4 #he & #hg4 ,fa/5 ! outside /rips 9 place fir/1 !n slip ! ends ( ! glass into ! c5tre ( ! wall & nail on ! inside /rips4 ,fill 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! glass & /rips ) putty to hold ! glass firmly 9 place4 ,! ,casem5t ,w9d[s 7,fig4 #hh7 are made simil>ly1 ) ! addition ( a qu>t] ( an in* /rip ( a cig>-box glu$ up ! c5tre ( ! glass1 to give ! appe>ance ( d\ble w9d[s h+$ to sw+ 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #hc-ia4--;,details ( ,w9d[s4 ,n>r[ /rips ( pap] glu$ to ! glass1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #gh1 #hc1 #he1 & #hh1 w produce ! effect ( ,divid$ ,glass & upp] & l[] sa%4 ,! ,door ,trim 7,figs4 #hi1 #ij1 & #ia7 is put 9 place ! same z ! w9d[ trim1 b in/ead ( plac+ ! door 9 ! c5tre ( ! wall1 x %\ld be set flu% ) ! inside trim 7see ,k1 ,l1 & ,m 9 plan1 ,fig4 #ij71 & is h+$ by means ( a l95 /rip glu$ to ! edge ( ! door ,m & /rip ,l4 ,! door-jambs are cas$ ) /rips ,i & ,j4 ,! re> door may be made simpl] ?an ?is by us+ a pla9 /rip = a cap4 ,make ! ,door out ( a piece ( cig>-box4 ,! draw+s give all ! necess>y measurem5ts = door & w9d[ /rips1 & y w f9d x a simple matt] to cut !m out ) a %>p knife4 ,aft] putt+ ! trim ^u all ( ! w9d[s & ! doors1 cut a numb] ( /rips ( wood an eigh? ( an in* ?ick & half an in* wide = ,outside ,trimm+s1 & nail !m to ea* corn] ( ! h\se1 ar\nd ! edges ( ea* gable-end1 & ar\nd ! top ( ! basem5t4 ,pur*ase "s n>r[ m\ld+ = ! cornice & nail x to ! edges ( ! ro( bo>ds1 be+ c>eful to make neat mitres at ! corn]s4 ,! h\se c m easily be mov$ ab\t if m\nt$ ^u ,ca/]s4 ,to put ^! on1 cut f\r pieces ( two-by-f\r ab\t ?ree in*es long1 fa/5 a ca/] to ea*1 & nail "o block inside ea* corn] ( ! f\ndation frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4--;,con/ruction ( ,*imneys4 ,! ext]ior ( ! h\se is n[ complete ) ! exception ( ,! ,*imneys4 ,^! %\ld be made up ( f\r pieces1 two ( :i* %\ld h bird's-m\? cuts made 9 ! end1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ib1 to make ! *imney fit ov] ! top ridge ( ! ro(4 ,! side edges ( ! pieces %\ld be mitr$ & fitt$ toge!r4 ,nail a /rip ( wood1 half an in* wide1 ar\nd ! tops ( ! *imneys = caps4 ,y w f9d x easi] to ,pa9t ! ,*imneys be=e fa/5+ !m to ! ro(4 ,make ! brickwork r$ & ! caps :ite1 & ) a small bru% & rul] /ripe (f ! mort> jo9ts4 ,:5 ! pa9t has ?or\ghly dri$1 nail ! *imneys on to ! ridge ( ! ro( 9 l9e ) ! front w9d[s 7see illu/ration ( complet$ h\se74 ,y w want ,a ,mantel & ,fire-place 9 ! liv+-room ( ! h\se1 & x _h bett] be built 9 at ?is po9t4 ,figure #ic %[s ab\t ! simple/ =m ( mantel y c make1 & "o t pres5ts a v neat appe>ance4 ,x is made out ( cig>-box /rips pa9t$ to repres5t brick1 ) /one he>? & mantel-%elf4 ,x measures sev5 in*es wide1 f\r & five-eigh?s in*es f ! base to ! top ( ! %elf1 & has a fire-place op5+ f\r in*es wide & two & "o-half in*es high4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4--,! ,liv+-room ,mantel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4--;,con/ruction ( ,mantel4 ,figure #id %[s ! patt]ns = ! cutt+ ( ! v>i\s pieces requir$ to make up ! mantel4 ,a1 ! front piece1 has an op5+ cut 9 x = ! fire-place1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,cut two /rips simil> to ,b = ! ends ( ! mantel1 "o ! size ( ,c = ! back ( ! fire-place1 two ( ,d = ! sides ( ! fire-place1 & "o ( ,e = ! mantel-%elf4 ,^! pieces1 ) ! exception ( ,e1 %\ld be pa9t$ r$1 & /rip$ (f1 :5 dry1 ) :ite pa9t to repres5t brick4 ,x w be mu* easi] to d ! pa9t+ be=e fa/5+ ! pieces 9 _! prop] places4 ,fir/ divide ! l5g? & bread? ( ! pieces into ab\t ! numb] ( spaces %[n 9 ,fig4 #ic ) a lead p5cil4 ,!n ) a small bru%1 & /raight-edge = a guide1 trace ov] ! p5cil l9es ) :ite lead4 ,be c>eful 9 /rip+ ! brick to get ! c\rses ! same ^u ea* piece s !y w correspond :5 ! pieces are put toge!r4 ,! ,he>? is made out ( a /rip sev5 in*es long by two in*es wide4 ,^u ?is ! mantel %\ld be put toge!r ) ! pieces prep>$4 ,figure #ic %[s ! location ( ea* piece1 & ) ! aid ( glue & "s small brads x w be a simple matt] to complete ! mantel4 ,! edges ( ! /rips _h be/ be mitr$ to make neat jo9ts4 ,pa9t ! he>? & mantel-%elf :ite4 ,! mantel %\ld be fa/5$ to ! c5tre ( p>tition ,b 9 ! liv+-room 7see plan1 ,fig4 #fe74 ,&irons %\ld1 ( c\rse1 accompany ! fire-place4 ,^! may be made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ie4 ,!y consi/ ( two pieces ( cig>-boxes cut ! %ape ( ,a & ,b 7,a an in* & "o-half by an in* & "o-qu>t]1 & ,b an in* & "o-half long71 ) ! end ( ,b glu$ 9 a slot cut 9 ! l[] "p ( ,a4 ,! feet & ! top ( ,a & ! foot ( ,b are small brass-head$ uphol/]+-tacks driv5 into ! wood1 :i* give ! &irons a trim appe>ance4 ,pa9t ! /rips black4 ,set ! &irons ^u ! he>? ) ! ends project+ into ! fire-place1 & pile sev]al nicely %ap$ twigs ^u !m = logs4 ,! ,int]ior ,woodwork rema9s to be put on4 ,cig>-boxes make excell5t imitation h>dwood floors1 = ! halls1 ! ball-room1 & nurs]y4 ,select z l>ge pieces z possible1 & fit !m on ! floors ) close jo9ts4 ,nail !m d[n ) small brads4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4--;,&iron4 ,make ! door cas+s f ! same mat]ial1 cutt+ ! /rips ! %ape & size ( ^? us$ = ! outside doors 7,fig4 #hi74 ,x is n advisable to hang inside doors1 z !y are easily brok5 (f1 & seldom "w satisfactorily4 ,a *air-rail %\ld be made 9 ! d9+-room ( qu>t]-in* /rips fa/5$ to ! walls ?ree in*es above ! floor4 ,make basebo>ds 9 ea* room out ( ?ree-qu>t] in* /rips1 & picture m\ld+s out ( /rips an eigh? ( an in* wide4 ,aft] complet+ ! c>p5t] "w ( ! h\se ,set all ,nail-heads ) y\r nail-set1 putty ^! holes & all o!rs result+ f cracks & defects1 & s&-pap] ! r\gh surfaces4 ,if ! woodwork is to be f9i%$ 9 its natural color1 by v>ni%+ or oil+ its surface1 color ! putty to mat* ! wood4 ,pa9t ! ,h\se a cream color1 ) :ite trimm+s & a gre5 ro(1 us+ yell[-o*re & :ite lead 7mix$7 = ! walls2 :ite lead = ! trimm+s1 balu/rade ( front /eps1 *imney-caps1 & /rip+ ( brickwork2 d>k olive gre5 = ! ro(1 & treads & ris]s ( ! front /eps2 & lamp-black = /rip+ ! /onework ( ! basem5t4 ,! pa9t+ ( ! *imneys & fire-place has be5 describ$4 ,pa9t ! front door on bo? sides ) :ite enamel or :ite lead1 ) ! exception ( a panel 9 ! c5tre1 :i* %\ld be oil$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hi4 ,?is w give ! appe>ance ( a :ite enamell$ door ) a mahogany panel set 9 x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4 ,ano!r ,/yle ( ,doll-,h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4 ,int]ior ,view ( ,doll-,h\se4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,ano!r ,,doll-,,h\se ,,& ,a ,,/able ,illu/ration3 ,boys ,mak+ ,doll-h\se4 ,photographs ( ano!r /yle ( doll-h\se are %[n 9 ,figs4 #if & #ig4 ,?is h\se 0 built by ! au?or = a little relative "s t5 ye>s ago1 & is /ill 9 p]fect condition1 z ! photographs %[4 ,pack+-cases 7 us$ = its con/ruction1 ) cut-up cig>-boxes = w9d[-cas+s1 door-jambs1 f9i%$ floors1 etc41 & small m\ld+s = ! outside trimm+s4 ,! inside arrangem5t & ! g5]al con/ruction ( ! h\se is s ne>ly l ! design 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 t mo/ ( ! details & ! mode ( con/ruction may be foll[$ 9 build+ x4 ,if boxes are us$1 ! dim5sions w h to be figur$ out to suit1 unless ! boxes are pull$ ap>t & ! bo>ds cut to ! sizes %[n 9 ! illu/rations ( ?is *apt]4 ,! ,floor ,plans1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ,figs4 #ih1 #ii1 & #ajj1 give ! sizes ( ! rooms1 & ! patt]ns = ! mak+ ( ,! ,p>titions are %[n 9 ,figs4 #aja & #ajb4 ,9 cutt+ out ! second-floor p>titions 7,fig4 #ajb71 mitre "o edge ( ,e & ,f to all[ = ! b$room door op5+1 %[n ^u ! plan1 & mitre ! edges ( ,g to fit betwe5 !m above ! door4 ,! mitr+ is %[n 9 ! draw+s 7,fig4 #ajb74 ,besides cutt+ a /air op5+ 9 ! second floor1 make an op5+ ?ree by five in*es 9 ! second & ?ird floors = ,! ,elevator-%aft4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ^! op5+s exactly ov] "o ano!r4 ,make ! op5+ 9 ! second floor six by eight in*es 9 ! place indicat$ ^u ! plan4 ,?is w all[ = ! elevator %aft & /airway4 ,no /airway has be5 built to ! ?ird /ory1 z ! elevator s]ves ! purpose1 & "o w\ld take up too mu* ( ! ball-room space4 ,! ,side ,walls %\ld measure n9ete5 in*es wide by tw5ty-f\r in*es high1 & ! o!r two walls ?irty in*es wide by tw5ty-f\r in*es high4 ,t portion ( ,! ,re> ,wall enclos+ ! kit*5 & ba?-room is h+$ to op5 7see ,fig4 #ih71 & ,! ,front ,wall is made 9 two sections1 ea* h+$ to a /rip ( wood an in* & "o-half wide nail$ to ! two edges ( ! h\se1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #if4 ,! ,w9d[s are f\r by five in*es1 s f\r-by-five cam]a plates c be us$ = ! glass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ih-ajb4--,plans ( ,doll-h\se & ,patt]ns = ,p>titions4 ,! ,ro( _h be/ be made 9 two sections1 ea* measur+ tw5ty-eight in*es long by tw5ty-f\r in*es wide4 ,fa/5 ! bo>ds toge!r ) batt5s on ! "u side &1 aft] mitr+ ! upp] edge ( ea*1 nail !m to ! h\se s t ! ridge is fifte5 in*es above ! ?ird floor4 ,!n nail a bo>d n9ete5 in*es long by t5 in*es wide 9 ! peak ( ! ro( 7,d 9 ,fig4 #ajd71 & a n>r[ /rip ?ree in*es f ea* side wall 7,k & ,l 9 ,fig4 #ajj74 ,^! cut (f ! triangul> %ape ( ! ball-room & give x a bett] appe>ance4 ,! ,*imney is made ! same z ^? = ! o!r h\se1 ) ! exception ( ! cap1 :i* is built up ( /rips ( cig>-boxes to repres5t corbell$ brick 7see ,fig4 #ajc74 ,^! /rips %\ld be ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* wide1 & fa/5$ 9 place by means ( small brads4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4 ,an ,elevator is some?+ :i* is f\nd 9 b few doll-h\ses4 ,x 0 built 9 ?is h\se1 ?9k+ x might please ! "y mi/ress1 & prov$ su* a success t ! s*eme has be5 work$ out c>efully 9 ,figs4 #ajd1 #aje1 #ajf1 #ajg1 & #ajh1 t y may include x 9 ! h\se y build4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #ajd-ajh4--;,details ( ! ,elevator4 ,! cutt+ ( ! elevator-%aft has already be5 describ$4 ,= mat]ial1 procure two small pulleys1 su* z are %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajf1 f\r feet ( brass *a91 six feet ( ,no4 #ab wire1 half a doz5 d\ble-po9t$ tacks or v small screw-eyes1 a %ort piece ( lead pipe1 & a cig>-box4 ,make ,! ,c> out ( ! cig>-box1 cutt+ x d[n to two & "o-qu>t] in*es wide1 ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es deep1 & sev5 in*es high 7see ,fig4 #ajg74 ,place two ( ! d\ble-po9t$ tacks or screw-eyes 9 ea* side ( ! c> = ! guide-wires to run ?r\gh & ano!r 9 ! c5tre ( ! top f :i* to atta* ! brass *a94 ,! ,guide-wires are made ( v heavy wire t w n easily b5d4 ,cut two ( a l5g? to rea* f ! fir/ floor to ! ball-room ceil+1 & aft] runn+ !m ?r\gh ! tacks 9 ! sides ( ! c>1 /ick _! ends into small holes bor$ at ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 & ,h 7,fig4 #ajd74 ,! upp] holes %\ld be bor$ ?r\gh ! ball-room ceil+1 :ile ! l[] ones ne$ be bor$ b "p way ?r\gh ! fir/ floor4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to h ^! holes 9 ! correct position1 s ! elevator w run up & d[n ^u ! wires )\t /rik+ ! sides ( ! %aft4 ,! easie/ way ( fa/5+ ! wires 9 place is to run ! upp] ends ?r\gh ! holes1 until ! l[] ends c be set into _! sockets1 & !n drive two d\ble-po9t$ tacks ov] ! top ( ea* wire1 z %[n at ,e & ,f 9 ,fig4 #ajd4 ,n[ run ! elevator up to ! top ( ! %aft1 & m>k ^u ! ceil+ :]e ! screw-eye 9 ! top ( ! c> /rikes4 ,at ?is po9t bore a hole ?r\gh ! ceil+ & two in*es back ( x bore ano!r hole1 ?r\gh :i* to run ! weight-*a94 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 cut a %ort block ( wood to fit ! peak ( ! ro( & ,screw ! ,pulleys to x two in*es ap>t 7,fig4 #aje74 ,fit ! block 9 ! peak ( ! ro(1 c5tr+ ! front pulley ov] ! top ( ! c> z ne>ly z possible1 & drive a c\ple ( nails ?r\gh ! ro( bo>ds into x to hold x 9 place tempor>ily4 ,!n ,atta* ! ,*a9 to ! tack 9 ! top ( ! c>1 slip a piece ( lead pipe ab\t an in* long ov] ! *a91 all[+ x to set on ! top ( ! c> to make ! latt] heavi] 7,fig4 #ajg71 & run ! *a9 up ?r\gh ! fir/ hole 9 ! ceil+1 ov] ! pulleys1 & d[n ?r\gh ! second hole4 ,to ! end ( ! *a9 atta* a piece ( lead pipe = ,! ,elevator-weight 7see ,fig4 #ajh74--,?is %\ld be j heavy en\gh to make a p]fect balance betwe5 x & ! c>1 :i* c be obta9$ by :ittl+ (f ! end ( ! pipe until ! weight ( ! two is ! same4 ,make ! *a9 ( suffici5t l5g? s ! weight w re/ ^u ! fir/ floor :5 ! c> is at ! ?ird floor4 ,y c n[ tell :e!r or n ! pulleys are 9 ! "r positions4 ,:5 !y h be5 adju/$ prop]ly1 nail ! block firmly 9 place4 ,! ,gable-ends4--,! front gable-end consi/s ( f\r pieces 7,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,d1 9 ,fig4 #aji71 ! dim5sions = ! cutt+ ( :i* are giv5 9 ! illu/ration4 ,aft] prep>+ ^!1 nail ,a1 ,b1 & ,c 9 _! prop] positions 9 ! gable ( ! ro(1 & trim ! edges ( ,d1 if !y ne$ be1 to fit betwe54 ,to prev5t ! movable section f pu%+ 9 too f>1 x w be necess>y to nail a n>r[ /rip ( wood to ! ro( & ?ird floor j inside ( x4 ,! re> gable is made 9 "o piece1 & is fa/5$ 9 place p]man5tly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aji4--,! ,front ,gable-end4 ,! movable gable & all h+$ portions %\ld h ,spr+-cat*es ) :i* to %ut up & lock ! h\se 7see ! illu/rations74 ,! ,/airway is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajd1 & ! details = its con/ruction w be f\nd 9 ,figs4 #aaj1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aac4 ,?is /airway is made 9 two p>ts1 ) a plat=m betwe54 ,cut a block ( wood ! %ape & size %[n 9 ,fig4 #aaj = ! plat=m1 ) not*es at ,a & ,b = ! tops ( ! l[] /r+]s to fit 94 ,!n ,prep>e ,two ,/r+]s ( ?irte5 ris]s simil> to ,fig4 #aaa & two /r+]s ( five ris]s simil> to ,fig4 #aab1 lay+ !m (f z describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] by means ( a pit*-bo>d simil> to ,fig4 #aac4 ,aft] cutt+ out ^! pieces1 fa/5 ! tops ( ! l[] /r+]s 9 ! not*es ,a & ,b 9 ! plat=m1 & nail ! plat=m 9 its prop] position 9 ! corn] ( ! hall4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 nail ! bottoms ( ! upp] /r+]s 7,e 9 ,fig4 #aab7 to ! sides ( ! plat=m at ,c & ,d1 & set ! tops 9 not*es cut 9 ! edge ( ! second floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #aaj-aac4--;,details ( ,/airs4 ,! ,treads & ,ris]s are made ! same z 9 ,fig4 #gd 7,*ap4 ,v71 except t ! dep? ( ! ris]s is increas$ to five-eigh?s ( an in*4 ,cut ano!r plat=m f a cig>-box to fit ov] ! r\gh "o4 ,build a ,balu/rade up ! side ( ! /airs & ar\nd ! elevator enclosures1 us+ ! s*eme %[n 9 ,*apt] ,v 7,figs4 #ga & #ge74 ,all ,o!r ,details n m5tion$ "h w be ! same z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v1 includ+ ! pa9t+ & f9i%+ ( ! h\se4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,,! ,,/able ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4--;,ext]ior ( ,/able4 ,! /able %[n 9 ,figs4 #aad & #aae1 & 9 ! backgr\nd ( ,fig4 #if1 w g nicely ) ! h\se describ$ 9 ?is or ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,its con/ruction is v simple4 ,! dim5sions are tw5ty-f\r in*es wide1 twelve in*es deep1 & tw5ty-two in*es high1 & ! b>n conta9s five /alls on ! gr\nd floor & a hay-l(t above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4--;,int]ior ( ,/able4 ,to build ! /able accord+ to ! draw+s1 a box t5 by twelve by tw5ty-f\r in*es %\ld be procur$ = ,! ,fir/ ,/ory4--,if y h a box ( diff]5t proportions x w be a simple matt] to make su* alt]ations 9 ! details z x w require4 ,! ,ro( is made 9 two sections1 ea* fifte5 by eighte5 in*es1 & is fa/5$ to ! top ( ! box s t ! peak is tw5ty-two in*es above ! bottom4 ,! ,gable-end is made 9 f\r pieces1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aaf1 ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 to be nail$ 9 place1 & ,d to be movable z 9 ! case ( ! doll-h\se4 ,make a ?ree-by-five-in* w9d[ 9 ! c5tre ( ,d1 & fa/5 ! glass 9 place ) /rips cut z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,/rips %\ld be nail$ to ! ro( j inside ( ! movable section to prev5t ! latt] f sett+ 9 too f>1 & a spr+ cat* fa/5$ to ,c & ,d z %[n1 to hold ! movable section 9 place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf4--;,front ,gable-end4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aag4--,/all ,p>titions4 ,figure #aag gives ! patt]ns & measurem5ts = ,! ,/all ,p>titions1 f\r ( :i* %\ld be cut out & fa/5$ to ! floor ( ! /able f\r in*es ap>t1 or s !y w divide ! inside wid? into five equal /alls4 ,! ,fe$-tr\ghs are made out ( two /rips ( cig>-boxes fitt$ betwe5 ! /alls1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #aae & #aag1 & are fa/5$ 9 place by means ( brads & glue4 ,above ! /alls cut ,small ,w9d[s an in* & "o-half squ>e 9 ! re> wall4 ,^! are ! v5tilat+ w9d[s = ! /alls1 & may be left op54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah4--,ladd] to ,hay-l(t4 ,figure #aah %[s ! con/ruction ( ,a ,ladd] to ! hay-l(t4 ,?is is made out ( two /icks twelve in*es long1 ) /rips ( cig>-boxes two in*es long glu$ to !m half an in* ap>t1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,cut away a section ( ! hay-l(t floor two in*es squ>e & /ick ! end ( ! ladd] up ?r\gh ! op5+1 fa/5+ ! uprights to ! edge ( ! floor 7see ,fig4 #aah74 ,a /ick ab\t ?ree in*es long1 ) a v small pulley atta*$ ne> ! end1 %\ld be fa/5$ 9 ! peak ( ! ro( = a ,fe$-hoi/ 7see ,fig4 #aad74 ,! fir/ /ory has ,a ,drop-front1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #aad & #aae4 ,?is is made f ! box-cov]4 ,fa/5 ! bo>ds toge!r ) batt5s plac$ ^u ! inside1 & h+e x to ! bottom ( ! /able4 ,nail two cleats to ! "u side ( ! floor 7see ,fig4 #aad7 to lift x (f ! gr\nd1 j en\gh to all[ ! front to drop )\t spr++ its h+es4 ,:5 ! front is d[n x =ms an incl9e ^u :i* to run ! horses into ! /able4 ,= ?is reason x is n advisable to cut an op5+ 9 x1 b m]ely ,repres5t a ,/able ,door on ! outside 7see ,fig4 #aad74 ,?is is done ) pa9t & a f9e bru%4 ,fir/ pa9t a gre5 panel 9 ! c5tre ( ! front1 & !n m>k (f a c\ple ( panels )9 ?is space ) black pa9t1 & /ripe !m diagonally to repres5t bead$-bo>ds4 ,) /rips ( wood half an in* wide make ,a ,simple ,trim ar\nd ! door1 ! sides ( ! /able1 & ar\nd ! gable1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,:5 ! c>p5t] "w has be5 f9i%$1 ,pa9t ! ,inside ( ! /able :ite1 & ! outside ! same colors z us$ = ! doll-h\ses 7see description on page #ij1 ,*ap4 ,v74 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,furni%+ ,,! ,,doll-,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,boy ,pres5t+ ,doll-h\se to 8 ,si/]s4 ,) ! c>p5t] "w ( a doll-h\se complet$1 ! f9i%+ ( ! inside1--wall pap]+ & pa9t+1--& ! selection ( furniture = ! v>i\s rooms1 rema9 to be done4 ,?is requires z mu* c>e z ! build+ ( ! h\se1 & :ile any boy c d ! "w1 ! help ( a si/] w p]haps simplify matt]s & give to ! rooms a da9ti] appe>ance4 ,! ,walls & ,ceil+ ( ! kit*5 & ba?-room %\ld be pa9t$ ) :ite lead or :ite enamel4 ,= ! o!r rooms select pap] hav+ a small design1 su* z is to be f\nd on mo/ ceil+ pap]s4 ,if y h ev] wat*$ ! pap]-hang] at "w1 y h notic$ he puts on ! ceil+ fir/1 all[+ ! pap] to run d[n ! walls a little way all ar\nd in/ead ( trimm+ x (f4 ,!n he hangs ! wall pap]1 & if !re is no bord] to cov] ! jo9ts ( ! ceil+ & wall pap]s he c>ries ! wall pap] up to ! ceil+4 ,use fl\r pa/e to /ick on ! pap]1 & a clo? or photograph-pr9t roll] to smoo? out ! wr9kles4 ,! d9+-room %\ld h a wa9scot ( d>k pap] bel[ ! *air-rail1 & a pap] ) little or no figure ^u x above4 ,all ,h>dwood ,floors1 ! /airs1 door & w9d[ cas+s1 basebo>ds1 & picture m\ld+s %\ld be v>ni%$ ?or\ghly or giv5 sev]al coats ( boil$ l9se$-oil4 ,all floors1 ) ! exception ( ! kit*51 ba?-room1 & h>dwood floors1 %\ld be fitt$ ) ,c>pets4--,if y d n happ5 to h suitable scraps on h&1 !y c be procur$ at almo/ any furni%+ /ore :]e !y make up c>pets4 ,select pieces ) z small patt]ns z possible4 ,! floors ( ! ba?-room & kit*5 %\ld be cov]$ ) oilclo?4 ,rugs = ! h>dwood floors may be made out ( scraps ( c>pet4 ,w9d[-%ades may be made = ea* w9d[ out ( l951 & tack$ to ! top cas+ s t ! bottom ( ! curta9 rea*es j above ! c5tre ( ! op5+4 ,ea* w9d[ %\ld also h ,lace ,curta9s made out ( scraps ( lace4 ,!y %\ld ei!r be tack$ above ! w9d[s or hung ^u poles made out ( ,no4 #ab wire1 cut 9 l5g?s to fit ! w9d[s4 ,screw small brass hooks into ! top w9d[-cas+s = ! poles to hang ^u4 ,h&some ,porti]es = ! doorways c be made ) beads & ) ! small holl[ /raws sold = use 9 k9d]g>t5s4 ,= ! ,bead ,porti]es1 cut ?reads z long z ! height ( ! door & /r+ ! beads ^u !m1 alt]nat+ ! colors 9 su* a way z to produce patt]ns4 ,!n tie ! /r+s toge!r to a piece ( wire ! wid? ( ! doorway1 & fa/5 ! wire 9 ! op5+4 ,! ,/raw ,porti]es are made simil>ly4 ,f magaz9e illu/rations y c select ,suitable ,pictures = ea* room1 b if y are h&y ) bru% & p5cil y may pref] to make ! pictures y\rself4 ,^! may be m\nt$ ^u c>dbo>d & h _! edges b\nd ) passe-p>t\t pap] to give ! effect ( frames1 or frames may be cut out ( c>dbo>d & pa/$ to !m4 ,hang ! pictures to ! picture m\ld+ ) ?read4 ,a ,cosey-corn] may be fitt$ up 9 ! ball-room by fa/5+ a /rip ( a cig>-box 9 "o corn] an in* & "o-half above ! floor = ! seat1 & hang+ drap]ies on ea* side ( x4 ,pill[s may be made = x out ( scraps ( silk /uff$ ) cotton4 ,a doll-h\se prop]ly proportion$ 9 e detail1 includ+ ! selection ( its furniture1 is pleas+ to look at1 & is to be desir$ mu* m ?an "s ( ! specim5s to be f\nd 9 ! /ores4 ,^! v (t5 h p>lor *airs l>g] ?an ! mantel1 b$s t ei!r fill two-?irds ( ! b$room space or are s small !y are hidd5 f view by ! *airs1 & o!r furniture accord+ly1 all hav+ be5 select$ )\t any ?\ght z to size or fitness4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 9 buy+ ! furniture1 to h ! pieces suitable to ! rooms4 ,x w no d\bt require m "t ?an to pur*ase ! fir/ sets y come across1 b :5 y h complet$ ! selections1 ! result w be a mu* bett] appe>+ doll-h\se4 ,by c>efully se>*+ ! toy-%ops y are almo/ c]ta9 ( f9d+ :at y want = ! v>i\s rooms1 z ab\t ev]y?+ imag9able 9 furniture has be5 manufactur$4 ,porcela9 ba?-tubs1 wa%-bas9s ) real faucets & runn+ wat]1 gilt furniture1 *&eli]s1 & su* articles are tempt+ to buy4 ,b x is r exp5sive to fit up a h\se 9 ?is way1 =1 ?\gh ea* piece may n am\nt to v mu*1 !y c\nt up v quickly4 ,! sugge/ions = ! mak+ ( cig>-box furniture 9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 & ! cork furniture 9 ,*apt] ,,xxviii1 %\ld give y pl5ty ( mat]ial = furniture & save y ! exp5se ( buy+ ?is "p ( ! furni%+s = y\r h\se4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,doll-,,furniture ,illu/ration ,! metal furniture :i* y c buy is v pretty :5 x is new1 b ?is new appe>ance does n la/ long aft] x has come into a y\ng/]'s possession1 = ! pieces are v sl5d] & delicate1 & ?us easily brok54 ,wood5 furniture is ! mo/ durable k9d1 & pla9 & simple pieces w g5]ally outla/ ! fancy ones4 ,! designs illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt] make v sub/antial pieces1 z !re are no sp9dle legs or fancy arms to break (f4 ,!y foll[ ! l9es ( ! mission furniture1 t simple /yle us$ 9 ! e>ly ,am]ican mission s*ools1 & :i* is to-day be+ ext5sively made 9 h&some pieces = ! furni%+s ( mod]n homes4 ,y w f9d ! ,m9iature ,mission ,furniture1 illu/rat$ & describ$ 9 ?is *apt]1 simple to make & some?+ :i* is easy to sell1 = !re is no?+ l x at pres5t ^u ! m>ket4 ,cig>-boxes furni% ! nice/ mat]ial = mak+ ?is furniture1 & ! v>i\s p>ts c be cut to ! "r %ape & size ) ,a ,gig-or ,scroll-saw4 ,procure small brads & glue ) :i* to fa/5 ! pieces toge!r4 ,to prep>e ! ,cig>-boxes = use1 place !m 9 a tub ( boil+ wat] & let !m rema9 !re until ! pap] labels readily pull (f4 ,d n use a knife 9 remov+ ! pap]1 z x is liable to r\gh5 ! wood4 ,! pap] w come (f by all[+ x to soak long en\gh4 ,:5 ! boxes are clean1 set !m 9 ! sun to dry1 aft] b9d+ ! cov]s to ! backs to prev5t !m f w>p+4 ,pull ! boxes ap>t :5 !y are ?or\ghly dry1 & ?r[ out su* pieces z h pr9t+ ^u !m1 = ^! w\ld spoil ! appe>ance ( ! furniture if us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #aai-abf4--,patt]ns = ,furniture4 ,9 ord] to simplify ! matt] ( cutt+ ! p>ts t make ! furniture1 ! curv$ pieces h be5 drawn out c>efully on page #aaa1 s !y c be laid (f ^u ! /rips ( cig>-boxes )\t any tr\ble1 by ! process ( ,enl>g+ by ,squ>es4--,^! draw+s are %[n "o-qu>t] ( _! full size 7half _! wid? & half _! height74 ,to enl>ge !m procure a piece ( c>dbo>d n9e by ?irte5 in*es1 or a little l>g] ?an twice ! size ( ! draw+ ea* way1 & divide x into squ>es j twice ! size ( ^? on page #aaa4 ,t w make sixte5 squ>es 9 ! wid? ( ! c>dbo>d & tw5ty-f\r 9 ! l5g?1 ea* half an in* squ>e4 ,9 ord] to get ! squ>es spac$ equally1 x is be/ to lay (f ! po9ts fir/ ) a rul] along ! top1 bottom1 & two sides ( ! %eet ( c>dbo>d1 & !n connect ! po9ts ) ! rul] & a %>p lead-p5cil4 ,!n numb] ! squ>es z 9 ! illu/ration1 us+ ! figures along ! sides & lett]s across ! top & bottom ( ! %eet4 ,) ! %eet ( c>dbo>d ?us prep>$ x is a simple matt] to ,reproduce ! ,draw+s ( ,figs4 #aai to #abf by locat+ ! po9ts ( ! curves & corn]s ( ! pieces1 z %[n 9 ! illu/rations1 9 correspond+ positions 9 ! squ>es on y\r c>dbo>d %eet4 ,! curves may be drawn 9 by eye1 aft] locat+ !m ) ref]5ce to _! surr\nd+ squ>es1 b ! sure/ way ( enl>g+ !m accurately is by lay+ (f ! po9ts :]e ! curve /rikes ea* horizontal & v]tical l9e 9 ! illu/ration1 ^u ! enl>g$ draw+4 ,^! po9ts c !n be connect$ ) a curv$ l9e4 ,make all ( ! l9es heavy s !y c be di/+ui%$ f y\r guide l9es1 & aft] c>efully go+ ov] ! draw+1 comp>+ x ) t on page #aaa to see t no mi/ake has be5 made 9 locat+ ! po9ts 9 enl>g+1 cut ! v>i\s pieces ap>t4 ,^! give y ,! ,patt]ns ) :i* to m>k out ! pieces on ! wood4 ,we w fir/ note ! con/ruction ( ,! ,*airs %[n 9 ,figs4 #abg & #abh4 ,^! are f\r & "o-half in*es high1 two in*es wide1 & an in* & "o-half deep4 ,cut ! back = ! *air 9 ,fig4 #abg f\r & ?ree-eigh?s in*es high & an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s wide1 ! sides by ! patt]n 9 ,fig4 #aai1 & ! seat an in* & "o-qu>t] by an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,) ! pieces cut out1 fa/5 !m toge!r ) brads & glue1 plac+ ! seat betwe5 ! arms & back s t x is an in* & "o-half above ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abg4 ,,fig4 #abh4 ,*airs4 ,cut ! back = ! o!r *air 7,fig4 #abh7 f\r & "o-half in*es high by two in*es wide1 ! seat an in* & a qu>t] by an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s1 & ! sides an in* & ?ree-eigh?s wide by two & "o-half high4 ,to get ! curve 9 ! bottom edge ( ! side-pieces1 use ! patt]n 9 ,fig4 #aai4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abi4--;,a ,settee4 ,! ,settee 7,fig4 #abi7 %\ld h its sides cut by ! patt]n ( ,fig4 #abj4 ,make ! back-piece ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es wide & ?ree & "o-qu>t] in*es high1 & ! seat ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es by an in* & "o-half4 ,fa/5 ! seat aga9/ ! back an in* & "o-half above ! base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acj4--;,a ,table4 ,tables = ! liv+-room1 d9+-room1 b$room1 ball-room1 & nurs]y ( a doll-h\se may be patt]n$ aft] ! designs ( ,figs4 #acj & #aca4 ,^! %\ld be two & "o-half in*es high to be ( prop] proportion = ! *airs4 ,! pieces necess>y to make ,fig4 #acj are a top two in*es squ>e1 two sides an in* & "o-half wide by two & "o-half in*es high1 & a %elf an in* & "o-qu>t] squ>e4 ,fa/5 ! pieces toge!r z 9 ! illu/ration1 plac+ ! %elf betwe5 ! side-pieces an in* f ! bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aca4--;,ano!r ,design4 ,! o!r design 7,fig4 #aca7 w d nicely = ,a ,d9+-room ,table1 or table = ! c5tre ( ! liv+-room4 ,! top ( ?is %\ld be five in*es long & ?ree in*es wide4 ,cut ! side-pieces by ! patt]n 9 ,fig4 #aba &1 aft] fa/5+ !m to ! "u side ( ! table-top f\r in*es ap>t1 brace !m ) a /rip ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long by half an in* wide1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aca4 ,a ,side-bo>d simil> to ,fig4 #acb %\ld be made = ! d9+-room4 ,! patt]n = ! side pieces is %[n 9 ,fig4 #abb4 ,aft] saw+ ^! out1 cut a piece sev5 in*es long by ?ree in*es wide = ! back & fa/5 ! side-pieces to ! edges ( x4 ,! location ( ! %elves c be obta9$ be/ by ref]r+ to ,fig4 #acb & ! patt]n 9 ,fig4 #abb4 ,cut ! bottom %elf 7,a 9 ,fig4 #acb7 ?ree in*es long by an in* & "o-qu>t] wide & fa/5 x to ! side-pieces half an in* above ! base 7l9e #bd on patt]n1 ,fig4 #abb74 ,make %elf ,b ?ree by "o in*es & place x at l9e #bb4 ,c %\ld be ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long by an in* & "o-half wide1 ) a small not* cut ne> ea* end ) y\r knife1 to make x fit ov] ! side-pieces 7see illu/ration74 ,cut %elf ,d ?ree in*es long by half an in* wide1 fa/5+ x 9 place at l9e ,no4 #ag1 ,e ?ree in*es long by sev5-sixte5?s ( an in* wide1 fa/5+ x at l9e ,no4 #ae1 & ,f ?ree in*es long by ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide1 fa/5+ x at l9e ,no4 #ac4 ,! top %elf 7,g7 is ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long & half an in* wide & is fa/5$ to ! tops ( ! side-pieces z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acb4--;,a ,side-bo>d4 ,! l[] portion ( ! side-bo>d is enclos$ ) two doors two in*es high by an in* & "o-half wide4 ,small pieces ( clo? may be us$ = h+es1 b x is bett] to use p9s1 runn+ !m ?r\gh ! %elf above & bel[ 7,a & ,c1 ,fig4 #acb7 into ! doors4 ,/ick ! p9s ne> ! edge ( ! doors & see t !y are /raight1 s ! doors w op5 easily4 ,a small mirror atta*$ to ! back betwe5 %elves ,c & ,d w complete ?is piece ( furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acc4--;,a ,mirror4 ,a ,mirror 9 a frame %\ld be made = ! liv+-room ( ! doll-h\se4 ,a neat & suitable design = "o ( ^! w be se5 9 ,fig4 #acc4 ,= its con/ruction cut two sides by means ( ! patt]n 9 ,fig4 #abc1 a piece five in*es long by ?ree in*es wide = ! back1 & a /rip ?ree in*es long by ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* wide = a %elf4 ,fa/5 ! sides to ! edges ( ! back-piece1 & ! %elf betwe5 ! sides ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* above ! base4 ,n[ procure a mirror su* z y c buy 9 a toy-%op = five or t5 c5ts 7or a piece ( a brok5 mirror cut d[n to ! "r size w d v nicely71 & atta* x to ! c5tre ( ! back4 ,! ,gr&fa!r's ,clock 7,fig4 #acd7 makes an effective piece ( furniture = ! hall or liv+-room1 & is easily made4 ,figure #abd %[s ! patt]n = ! front ( ?is clock4 ,! back is made ! same1 ) ! omission ( ! squ>e op5+ cut 9 ! front frame = ! clock-face4 ,cut a block ( wood two by two by ?ree-qu>t]s in*es to fit betwe5 ! frames at ! top4 ,aft] nail+ ! pieces toge!r1 procure a face f a toy wat*1 & fa/5 x 9 ! op5+ made = x 9 ! front frame4 ,a button susp5d$ by means ( a piece ( ?read f a tack plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! block =ms ! p5dulum4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acd4 ,a ,gr&fa!r's ,clock4 ,x w be unnecess>y to give any sugge/ions = ,kit*5 ,furniture1 su* z *airs & tables1 = ^! c also be made out ( cig>-box wood along ! same s*emes illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt]1 ) p]haps a few modifications :i* w make !m simpl]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ace4--;,a ,b$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acf4--;,ano!r ,design4 ,n[ = ! mak+ ( "s pieces ( b$room furniture4 ,y w f9d 9 ,figs4 #ace & #acf two designs t are easily c>ri$ out1 "o or bo? ( :i* may be us$ = ,! ,b$s ( a doll-h\se4 ,to make ,fig4 #ace1 cut ! head & foot by means ( ! patt]n 9 ,fig4 #abe1 & cut ! two sides by means ( ! patt]n 9 ,fig4 #abf4 ,aft] prep>+ ^! pieces & fa/5+ !m toge!r z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ace71 cut a few /rips a qu>t] ( an in* wide = slats & fa/5 !m betwe5 ! sides ( ! b$4 ,x is advisable to fa/5 ^! 9 place to prev5t !m f be+ lo/4 ,! side-pieces = ! o!r b$ 7,fig4 #acf7 are cut out ) ! same patt]n 7,fig4 #abf74 ,make ! head-& foot-pieces ?ree by f\r & "o-half in*es1 cutt+ a piece two by an in* & "o-qu>t] out ( ! top ( ea* z %[n 9 ! draw+ 7,fig4 #acf71 & us+ ! patt]n ( ! o!r b$ = cutt+ ! curve 9 ! bottom edge4 ,nail ! pieces toge!r 9 _! prop] places1 aft] :i* cut "s slats & fa/5 !m 9 ! bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acg4--;,a ,dress]4 ,! ,dress] 7,fig4 #acg7 is made some:at simil> to ! side-bo>d4 ,cut ! sides by ! same patt]n 7,fig4 #abb7 & fa/5 !m to ! edges ( ! back-piece1 :i* %\ld be six & "o-half in*es high by ?ree in*es wide4 ,cut %elf ,a ?ree by "o & "o-qu>t] in*es1 ,b & ,c ?ree by "o & "o-eigh?1 ,d ?ree by "o & ?ree-sixte5?s1 & ,e & ,f "o-half by "o & "o-qu>t] in*es4 ,fa/5 %elf ,a betwe5 ! sides at l9e ,no4 #bd 7see ,fig4 #abb71 ,b at l9e ,no4 #bc1 ,c at l9e ,no4 #bb1 ,d at l9e ,no4 #ba1 & not* ! ends ( ,e & ,f to fit ov] ! side-pieces at l9e ,no4 #bj4 ,draw]s to fit ! l[] %elves ( ! dress] may be made out ( small /rips ( cig>-boxes or pieces ( c>dbo>d1 glu$ toge!r4 ,a small mirror fa/5$ 9 ! position %[n 9 ! draw+ w complete ! "w ^u ?is piece ( furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ach4--;,a ,wa%-/&4 ,a ,wa%-/& c be made = ! ba?-room & ea* ( ! b$rooms simil> to ,fig4 #ach4 ,! sides = ?is %\ld be five in*es high by an in* & "o-qu>t] wide1 & ! %elves "o by ?ree in*es4 ,fa/5 ! l[] %elf ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* above ! base1 & ! top %elf at a height ( two & "o-half in*es4 ,:5 ! /& has be5 put toge!r1 fit a r\nd /ick1 ab\t an eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 9 holes made 9 ! sides ) a gimlet 7see illu/ration74 ,?is =ms ! t[el-rack4 ,hang a small drap]y ov] ! l[] portion ( ! /&4 ,f9i%+4--,:5 ! pieces ( furniture h be5 complet$1 !y %\ld be rubb$ d[n ) em]y-pap] to remove ! r\gh edges1 & also any r\gh places t may h be5 caus$ by soak+ ! boxes 9 wat]4 ,!n give ! wood sev]al coats ( l9se$ oil4 ,?is makes a beautiful f9i% = ?is k9d ( wood4 ,if desir$1 ! b$room furniture may be pa9t$ ) :ite enamel4 ,! little he>ts may be pa9t$ ^u ! pieces z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 ) a small bru% & r$ pa9t1 or may be cut out ( r$ pap] & glu$ to ! wood4 ,,o!r ,,cig>-,,box ,,furniture ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aci4--;,a ,doll's ,fold+-b$4 ,9 ,figs4 #aci & #adb w be f\nd "s pieces ( furniture t are simpl] to make ?an t j describ$1 & al?\gh !y may n be s pretty1 !y pres5t a v good appe>ance :5 neatly made4 ,! au?or con/ruct$ _m pieces ( ?is furniture :5 a boy1 & f\nd !m suitable z pres5ts1 besides be+ some?+ t 0 always easy to sell4 ,! co/ ( mak+ a set am\nts to b a few c5ts1 cig>-boxes be+ ! pr9cipal mat]ial4 ,!y are also v quickly made1 z ! boxes require b little cutt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ada4--;,foot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adj4--;,fold+-b$ 7op574 ,= ! con/ruction ( ,a ,fold+-b$1 su* z is %[n 9 ,figs4 #aci & #adj1 select two cig>-boxes1 "o ( :i* w fit inside ! o!r4 ,! small] box %\ld be a little %ort] ?an ! inside op5+ ( ! l>g] box4 ,aft] remov+ ! pap] f ea*1 place ! small] box inside ! l>g] "o1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aci1 s t ! bottom ( ! inn] box is flu% ) ! edge ( ! out] box4 ,!n drive a brad ?r\gh bo? boxes on ea* side1 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! end z %[n at ,a 7,fig4 #aci74 ,^! brads %\ld run ?r\gh ! out] box into ! bottom ( ! inn] box1 & %\ld be driv5 9 c>efully s z n to split ! wood4 ,! inn] box %\ld n[ fold d[n z %[n 9 ,fig4 #adj1 mov+ ^u ! brad pivots4 ,pur*ase a five or t5 c5t mirror & fa/5 x to ! front ( ! b$1 aft] :i* cut two wood5 feet simil> to ,fig4 #ada & glue ! pegs on ! ends ( ^! 9 gimlet holes made above ! mirror4 ,f9i% ! wood ! same z describ$ = ! o!r cig>-box furniture4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adb4--;,dress] complet$4 ,! ,dress] %[n 9 ,fig4 #adb is made out ( a box ! same size z ! l>g] "o us$ = ! fold+-b$4 ,saw ! sides ( ! box 9 half1 crosswise1 & remove ! upp] half & ! end-piece4 ,!n nail ! end across ! tops ( ! rema9+ halves ( ! sides4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 divide up ! l[] portion ( ! box into comp>tm5ts z %[n 9 ! draw+ 7,fig4 #adc74 ,?is %\ld h a small drap]y hung ov] x4 ,! upp] portion ( ! dress] %\ld h a mirror atta*$ to x1 & "s lace drap$ ov] ! top & sides w add greatly to its appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adc4--;,a ,doll's ,dress]4 ,all y w h to d 9 mak+ ,a ,w>drobe w be to fa/5 "s small hooks inside ( a cig>-box1 atta* ! cov] ) a /rip ( l95--! same way x 0 atta*$ be=e y soak$ x (f--& hang a mirror on ! front4 ,^! pieces ( furniture 7 design$ = sep>ate sets1 & w\ld n d = doll-h\ses ! size ( ^? 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 unless ! boxes 7 cut d[n to small] proportions4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,a ,,boy',s ,,pr9t+-,,%op ,illu/ration3 ,boys work+ at ! ,presses4 ,s9ce ! manufacture ( pr9t+-presses 9 small sizes1 pr9t+ has become s popul> among boys t x is n[ h>d to f9d a neighborhood 9 :i* !re is n a press4 ,pr9t+ is "o ( ! be/ me?ods ( ma/]+ spell+ & punctuation1 & is ?us a great help to a boy 9 8 /udies1 besides be+ a pleasant occupation at :i* he c e>n money4 ,if y _c af=d a l>ge press1 be satisfi$ ) a small "o = ! "t be+ at lea/4 ,get to "w1 le>n to pr9t neatly & accurately1 & :5 y\r fri5ds f9d y\r "w is ( good quality1 !y w gladly patronize y4 ,y\r pr(its %\ld soon net y en\gh ) :i* to buy a l>g] press & increase y\r equipm5t4 ,aft] secur+ a press1 x w be necess>y to f9d a place 9 :i* to keep & use x1 :]e !re w be a good light to "w by & :]e ?+s are n likely to be di/urb$4 ,if y h a work%op1 y may be able to make room 9 x = y\r outfit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #add4--;,a ,boy's ,pr9t+-%op4 ,:5 ! au?or became ! pr\d own] ( a ma*9e1 he f\nd x conv5i5t to keep x 9 8 room ) 8 type-cases & mat]ial b5ea? ! press-/&4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al ye>s ! pr9t+-%op requir$ m space ?an ! room af=d$1 & a new (fice _h to be secur$4 ,?is 0 f\nd 9 ! wood%$1 :]e a corn] 0 p>tition$ (f1 a d\ble sa%$ w9d[ plac$ 9 ! wall1 & ! int]ior fitt$ up ) a case-rack1 impos+-table1 /ock-/&1 & all ! necessities = an enl>gem5t ( bus9ess4 ,figure #add %[s ! arrangem5t ( our %op a few ye>s lat]1 :5 x aga9 became necess>y to increase our floor space by add+ a mezzan9e /ory above1 ext5d+ to ! ro( ( ! %$4 ,?is half-/ory 0 rea*$ by means ( a ladd]1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,! pr9cipal equipm5t ( a boy's %op %\ld consi/ ( a numb] ( cases 9 :i* to keep ! fonts ( type2 a rack 9 :i* ^! cases c be kept & at :i* ! typesett+ c be done2 a "w-b5*1 "o end ( :i* may be us$ = an impos+-table & ! o!r = ! press to /& ^u2 & two cab9ets1 "o = /ock & ! o!r = ink1 tools1 & g5]al supplies4 ,! o!r mat]ials requir$ are3 a compos+-/ick1 compos+-rule1 pair ( tweez]s1 galley1 leads1 rules1 furniture1 mitre-box1 impos+-/one1 quo9s1 %oot+-/ick1 mallet1 plan]1 h&-roll]1 & gauge-p9s1 besides a c ( ink1 an oil-c1 a bottle ( ma*9e-oil = wa%+ roll]s1 b5z9e = clean+ type1 & a good supply ( rags4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,amateur',s ,,outfit4 ,small presses are usually accompani$ by a few fonts ( type1 :i* are suffici5t = pr9t+ small bus9ess-c>ds1 etc41 b are ( s few lett]s z to make an ord9>y job ( pr9t+ impossible4 ,) an increase ( capital1 ,type %\ld be ! fir/ addition to y\r outfit4 ,9 mak+ selections be> 9 m9d ! am\nt ( money y h to sp5d1 & buy only /yles :i* w g toge!r nicely & :i* c be us$ = ! greate/ v>iety ( "w4 ,if possible1 secure ! advice ( a pr9t] 9 pur*as+1 z by 8 exp]i5ce he c tell :at y w mo/ require bett] ?an y4 ,y c probably obta9 a specim5 type-book f ! type f\ndry 9 y\r city f :i* to make y\r selections4 ,type-cases divid$ into small comp>tm5ts = ! v>i\s lett]s & *>act]s1 :i* c be b\ght = sev5ty-five c5ts or a doll>1 provide ! only satisfactory means ( keep+ fonts4 ,x is advisable to sp5d ! money = ^! neatly made boxes r ?an attempt to make !m1 = ! "w w am\nt to m ?an :at y c buy !m =4 ,figures #ade & #adf %[ ! upp] & l[] news-cases ) ! sy/ems ( lay+ g5]ally employ$ 9 pr9t+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,x w be se5 t by ?is me?od ! pr9cipal lett]s are gr\p$ 9 ! c5tral portions ( ! case :]e !y are easily rea*$1 :ile ! less important lett]s are scatt]$ ar\nd ! sides4 ,! c5tral boxes ( ! l[] case are also made l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 e be+ allott$ ! l>ge/ box z x is us$ m ?an any o!r lett] 9 ! alphabet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*eme ,,= ,,lay+ ,,cases4 ,,fig4 #ade4--,l[] ,case4 ,,fig4 #adf4--,upp] ,case4 ,z ! lett]+ ( ! spaces & quads 9 ,fig4 #ade may be confus+ to ! beg9n]1 x is p]haps well to expla9 t ^! are bas$ ^u ! m quads :i* pres5t a squ>e end1 ! #bm & #cm quads be+ two & ?ree m quads 9 wid?1 & an n quad "o-half an m4 ,likewise spaces are kn[n by ! fraction !y repres5t ( an m quad1 viz4 #cm1 #dm1 #em1 & #hm 7m commonly kn[n z hair-space74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adg4--,! ,yankee ,job-case4 ,! upp] & l[] cases provide = ab\t e "* includ$ 9 a complete font ( type4 ,= small] fonts y w f9d ! ,yankee job-case v conv5i5t1 ! lett]s be+ arrang$ ! same 9 ! l[] portion1 & ! capitals be+ plac$ 9 ! upp] boxes 7see ,fig4 #adg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adh4--;,a ,type-case ,rack4 ,x w be unnecess>y to h ,a ,rack = ! ,type-cases until y h add$ sev]al /yles ( type to y\r outfit4 ,!n y w f9d a rack su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #adh "o ( ! be/ me?ods ( keep+ ! type away f ! du/ & at ! same "t 9 an accessible place4 ,?is rack %\ld be f\r feet 9 height1 ! wid? ( a type-case1 & tw5ty-eight in*es deep1 :i* is l>ge en\gh = twelve cases4 ,x is be/ made out ( f\r-in* bo>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adi4 ,cut ! uprights ,a & ,e ?ree feet six in*es long1 & ,b & ,f f\r feet long4 ,! top-pieces ,c & ,g %\ld be cut simil> to ,fig4 #adi4 ,fir/ lay out ^! pieces on f\r-in* bo>ds1 us+ ! dim5sions giv5 on ! draw+ & be+ c>eful to get bo? pieces ! same4 ,hav+ prop]ly m>k$ ! pieces1 !y rema9 to be cut out ) ! rip & cross-cut saws4 ,cut ! bottom-pieces ,d & ,h tw5ty-eight in*es long1 & prep>e tw5ty-two in*-/rips ( ! same l5g? = cleats4 ,"o ( ! mo/ p>ticul> po9ts to be look$ aft] 9 mak+ a rack ( ?is k9d is ! atta*+ ( ! cleats1 = unless !y are p]fectly horizontal & ^? on "o side are on a level ) ^? on ! o!r side1 ! cases w n slide 9 satisfactorily & w be cont9ually caus+ tr\ble4 ,pl5ty ( space %\ld also be left betwe5 ! cleats to prev5t ! cases f /ick+ by ! cleats swell+ or w>p+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aej4 ,9 ord] to get ! cleats 9 ! "r position1 ! heights %\ld be laid (f on ! uprights z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aej & l9es squ>$ across !m4 ,y w !n h ! same heights on ea* upright4 ,hav+ prep>$ ! pieces above describ$1 we are ready to put !m toge!r4 ,lay uprights ,a & ,b ^u ! gr\nd1 tw5ty in*es ap>t1 & ) ! l[] ends on a l9e ) "o ano!r4 ,!n fa/5 bo>d ,d to !m z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aea1 ! upp] edge be+ ev5 ) ! fir/ divisions on ! upright4 ,drive b "o nail 9 ea* end ( ,d until ! o!r end ( ! frame is fa/5$ toge!r4 ,/rip ,c %\ld be plac$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aea1 s t ! upp] edge ( "o end is ev5 ) ! top ( upright ,a1 & ! upp] edge ( ! o!r end ?ree in*es above ! top ( upright ,b4 ,?is gives ! prop] pit* to ! top ( ! rack4 ,!n1 aft] measur+ ! di/ance betwe5 uprights ,a & ,b to see t x is no m or less ?an tw5ty in*es1 nail ,c firmly to !m1 aft] :i* drive sev]al m nails into ! ends ( ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aea4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 fa/5 ! cleats 9 place1 s t ! top ( ea* is ev5 ) ! l9e squ>$ across ! uprights4 ,?is completes ! frame4 ,! opposite frame is made simil>ly4 ,:5 bo? frames h be5 made1 !y %\ld be fa/5$ toge!r by means ( ! crosspieces %[n 9 ,fig4 #adh4 ,measure ! wid? ( y\r cases1 :i* v>ies some:at ) diff]5t makes1 & set ! frames ab\t half an in* f>!r ap>t ?an ?is wid?4 ,!n cut ! bo>ds ,i1 ,j1 ,k1 & ,l ! correct l5g? & nail !m to ! places %[n ^u ! draw+4 ,/rips ,m & ,n %\ld be fitt$ betwe5 ,c & ,g to help support ! top4 ,! top ( ! rack is made to hold two cases at a "t1 ! l[] case on ! front "p & ! upp] case back ( x4 ,cases %\ld be kept out ( ! du/ z mu* z possible1 z dirt accumulates 9 ! boxes v quickly1 & is h>d to clean out4 ,x is !re=e a good plan to tack clo? or heavy wrapp+-pap] to ! back1 sides1 & bel[ ! top ( ! rack1 & provide a curta9 to hang ov] ! front :5 ! cases are n 9 use4 ,:5 ! boxes d become dirty1 ! du/ %\ld be remov$ by means ( a pair ( bell[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeb4--;,h[ to ,hold ! ,compos+-/ick4 ,9 compos+1 or sett+ type1 ,a ,compos+-/ick is necess>y4 ,?is %\ld be held 9 ! left h&1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aeb1 :ile ! "r h& picks up ! type "o by "o & drops !m into ! /ick1 :]e ! left ?umb %oves !m into place4 ,x w be se5 by look+ at ! illu/ration t ! type are set upside d[n & read f left to "r4 ,?is may seem awkw>d at fir/1 b ) practice y w soon become accu/om$ to read+ ! lett]s 9 ?is position4 ,a ,compos+-rule1 simil> to ,fig4 #aec1 %\ld be cut out ( a piece ( brass rule4 ,9 typesett+1 ! rule is fir/ plac$ 9 ! /ick1 & ! type !n plac$ aga9/ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aec4--;,a ,compos+-rule4 ,:5 a l9e has be5 set & !re /ill rema9s a space too small = ano!r ^w1 x is necess>y to ei!r place wid] spaces betwe5 ! words to fill out ! l9e1 or r$uce ! space suffici5tly to make x possible to add ! ^w4 ,?is op]ation1 :i* is kn[n z ,ju/ify+1 %\ld be p]=m$ aft] ea* l9e has be5 set4 ,!n place a lead aga9/ ! type1 lift out ! compos+-rule f beh9d ! fir/ l9e1 & place x 9 front ( ! lead prep>atory to sett+ a new l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aed4--;,a ,home-made ,galley4 ,aft] compos+ a /ick full ( type1 x %\ld be empti$ into ,a ,galley4 ,figure #aed %[s a galley made ( half-in* /uff4 ,cut ! pieces z %[n1 & fa/5 !m toge!r s ! bottom-piece is tilt$ suffici5t to keep ! l9es f ,pie+--or fall+ out ( l9e--)\t ty+ !m toge!r4 ,empty+ a /ick may prove difficult at fir/1 b if ! l9es h be5 prop]ly ju/ifi$ & are gripp$ at ! ends ) ! ?umb & fir/ f+] ( ea* h&1 !re is b little dang] ( mak+ pie4 ,! beg9n] w1 h[ev]1 d\btless pie 8 type a numb] ( times1 until by exp]i5ce he le>ns ! prop] h&l+ ( x4 ,pro(s are /ruck :ile ! type is 9 ! galley1 by runn+ an ink-roll] ov] ! matt]1 !n plac+ a damp %eet ( pap] on ! type & runn+ a dry h&-roll] ov] ! pap]4 ,! pr9t ?us obta9$ is kn[n z ! fir/ pro(4 ,x %\ld be fully correct$ by means ( pro(-read]'s m>ks1 :i* c be f\nd 9 ! app5dix ( any diction>y1 aft] :i* ! corrections %\ld be made 9 ! type & a second pro( /ruck (f4 ,:5 ! matt] has be5 fully correct$1 x %\ld be plac$ ^u ,! ,impos+-/one--a piece ( m>ble or o!r flat /one set ^u ! "w table4 ,aft] prop]ly lead+ ! type1 ,! ,*ase--an iron frame ca/ to hold ! type = pr9t+--%\ld be plac$ ov] x4 ,! space betwe5 ! type & *ase %\ld !n be fill$ out ) ,furniture4--,metal furniture consi/s ( holl[ metal blocks ( v>i\s sizes1 :ile wood5 furniture comes 9 /rips ( diff]5t wid?s1 :i* may be cut up into ! l5g?s requir$4 ,use a mitre-box simil> to ! "o describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i 9 cutt+ ! wood5 furniture4 ,lock+-up a ,=m4--,! type is lock$-up by means ( iron w$ges kn[n z quo9s4 ,!re are two =ms ( ^!1 ^? driv5 toge!r by means ( a %oot+-/ick & mallet1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aee1 & ^? lock$ by means ( an iron key1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aef4 ,! latt] k9d is probably ! mo/ commonly us$ to-day4 ,be=e lock+ ! =m1 ! type %\ld be levell$ ) a plan]1 :i* is no?+ m ?an a block ( h>dwood ) a smoo?1 ev5 surface4 ,! plan] %\ld be set ^u ! type & giv5 a few light raps on ! top ) ! hamm]1 until ! face ( ! type is ev54 ,!n lock ! =m securely1 be+ c>eful to h z equal pressure z possible on all sides1 to prev5t ! type f spr++4 ,! =m is !n ready = ! press4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aee4--,lock+-up a ,=m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aef4--,key & ,quo9s4 ,di/ribution consi/s 9 replac+ ! types 9 _! respective boxes aft] ! =m has be5 pr9t$1 & is no long] desir$4 ,! matt] %\ld fir/ be ?or\ghly wa%$1 !n unlock$4 ,! di/ribut] lifts out sev]al l9es ( ! type1 hold+ !m 9 8 left h&1 ) ! nicks upp]mo/ & ! lett]s fac+ him4 ,"o or m words are pick$ f ! top l9e ) ! "r h&1 & ea* lett] is dropp$ into its box1 aft] :i* sev]al m words are pick$ up & simil>ly di/ribut$4 ,a few po9t]s 9 reg>d to presswork may be helpful to ! beg9n]4 ,! ,tympan1 or metal b$ ^u :i* ! pap] to be pr9t$ is plac$1 %\ld be padd$ well ) pap] to make a firm impression1 ! numb] ( %eets requir$ dep5d+ ^u ! "* ( ! =m4 ,^! %eets are held 9 place by means ( ! iron clamps :i* slip ov] ! ends ( ! tympan 7see ,fig4 #afj74 ,! fir/ pr9t /ruck (f probably w be imp]fect1 t is1 "s portions w be light] ?an o!rs1 due to unev5 impression4 ,?is is ov]come by :at is kn[n z ,ov]lay+ ! =m4 ,make sev]al impressions1 includ+ "o on ! top tympan-%eet4 ,!n cut out ! light portions ( a pr9t & pa/e !m directly ov] ! correspond+ pr9t+ on ! tympan-%eet 7see ,fig4 #afj74 ,?9 tissue-pap] w be f\nd good = build+ up portions requir+ b little increase 9 pressure4 ,und]lay+ consi/s 9 pa/+ /rips ( pap] to ! back ( type or cuts :i* pr9t unev5ly1 to make ! l[ portions high]4 ,:5 ! =m pr9ts satisfactorily1 y mu/ prep>e ! m>g9al l9es be=e runn+ (f ! job4 ,! m>g9s c easily be m>k$ (f ^u ! tympan-%eet1 z y h ! impression ^u x = a guide 7see ,fig4 #afj74 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 ,gauge-p9s ( "s sort %\ld be /uck into ! tympan-%eet along ! m>g9al l9es z guides = plac+ ! pap] 9 ! press = pr9t+4 ,two =ms ( ^! p9s1 :i* c be b\ght = tw5ty-five or ?irty c5ts a pair1 are %[n 9 ,fig4 #aeg4 ,^! p9s mu/ be s plac$ t !re w be no dang] ( !m ma%+ ! type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeg4--,two ,=ms ( ,gauge-p9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #aeh-afa4--;,home-made ,gauges4 ,!re are sev]al =ms ( home-made gauges :i* may be us$1 ?ree ( :i* are %[n 9 ,figs4 #aeh1 #aei1 & #afa4 ,! fir/ 7,fig4 #aeh7 consi/s ( an ord9>y p9 b5t into ! %ape %[n4 ,! second 7,fig4 #aei7 is made out ( a /rip ( c>dbo>d scor$ & b5t z 9 ! draw+4 ,x mu/ be pa/$ 9 place & held 9 position until dry1 to prev5t x f slipp+ 7see ,fig4 #afj74 ,! ?ird =m ( home-made gauge-p9 consi/s ( a quad 7,fig4 #afa71 or ?9 piece ( furniture1 pa/$ to ! tympan-%eet4 ,9 ,ink+ ! ,press be c>eful to spread ! ink ev5ly ov] ! disk1 & apply j en\gh to make a cle>1 clean copy4 ,too mu* ink w clog ! type & produce a sme>$ pr9t4 ,ink %\ld n be left ^u ! =m aft] ! latt] has be5 remov$ f ! press1 b %\ld be wa%$ (f imm$iately ) b5z9e4 ,! disk & roll]s %\ld also be wa%$ aft] use1 z ! ink w n be good :5 h>d & w become dirty4 ,! ,life ( a ,roll] is greatly increas$ by us+ ma*9e-oil r ?an b5z9e = wa%+ x4 ,b5z9e is too dry+ = ! composition ( a roll] 7:i* is glue & molasses7 & takes ! ela/icity out ( x1 caus+ x to crack4 ,keep ! roll]s 9 a cool place 9 ! summ] & n 9 too cold a place 9 ! w9t]1 = extremes 9 temp]ature also affect ! composition4 ,neatness is absolutely necess>y 9 pr9t+1 & to secure ?is y mu/ keep y\r h&s clean s z n to f+]-m>k y\r pr9ts4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ?r[+ (f pr9t$ %eets to see t !y d n fall ^u fre%ly pr9t$ ones if ^! are wet en\gh to m>k !m4 ,mat]ials %\ld be put away 9 _! prop] places aft] use4 ,d n ?r[ type1 leads1 & furniture c>elessly ab\t1 z !y are likely to be lo/ or brok5 by do+ s4 ,cig>-boxes make h&y receptacles = pi$ type1 until y h an opportunity to sort out & di/ribute x4 ,^! are useful also = keep+ leads1 furniture1 & rules 91 & a cab9et simil> to t describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,i 7,fig4 #ae71 or ! curio-cab9et describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iv 7,fig4 #ei71 %\ld be made to hold !m4 ,! "y pr9t] %\ld see to x t ,pro(s & ,scraps ( ,pap] are ?r[n into a wa/e basket & n scatt]$ ab\t1 z !y accumulate rapidly1 & n only make a %op look v untidy1 b increase ! dang] ( fire4 ,oily ,rags %\ld be kept 9 a cov]$ t9 c1 = !y are liable to ignite spontane\sly :5 expos$ to ! air2 & ( c\rse oils1 gasol9e1 & b5z9e %\ld be h&l$ away f fire & cork$ up aft] use4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,amateur ,,j\rnalism ,illu/ration3 ,boy ,j\rnali/s4 ,amateur j\rnalism is by no means a new pa/ime1 b probably at no "t 9 its long hi/ory has x be5 ?\ght z mu* ( z at pres5t4 ,x w\ld be a difficult matt] to ev5 r\ghly e/imate ! numb] ( pap]s :i* h be5 issu$ 9 ! amateur _w4 ,mr4 ,edw9 ,hadley ,smi? ( ,new ,york ,city has ! l>ge/ collection n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,?is at pres5t consi/s ( #bb1fjj amateur pap]s1 #ejj amateur books1 #hjj photographs ( amateur j\rnali/s1 #hjj pr(essional clipp+s1 & #b1ejj miscellane\s pr9t$ relics dat+ z f> back z #ahde4 ,! collection1 :i* is ! result ( _m ye>s' "w1 is sort$ & catalogu$1 & w soon be plac$ 9 "o ( our l>ge libr>ies1 :]e ! public may inspect ! "w t has be5 turn$ out by amateurs = ! pa/ half c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,gr\p ,,( ,,amateur ,,pap]s4 ,x is said ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 publi%$ an amateur pap] 9 #agbc1 :5 a lad ( sev5te5 ye>s2 & 9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( amateur j\rnalism d[n to ! pres5t "t1 a p]son w\ld be surpris$ to f9d :at a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ successful /atesm51 writ]s1 & sci5tific m5 ?is c\ntry has _h 7 amateur j\rnali/s 9 _! y\ng] days4 ,!re are at pres5t 9 ! neighborhood ( two hundr$ amateur pap]s publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a few ( ^! pap]s1 repres5tative ( amateurs f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 h be5 gr\p$ toge!r & reproduc$ opposite page #adb1 & sev]al o!rs are %[n 9 ,figs4 #afb1 #afc1 #afd1 #afe1 & #aff4 ,x is to be regrett$ t lack ( space =bids a l>g] display ( ^! pap]s1 _m ( :i* are q unique & reflect cr$it ^u _! publi%]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afb4--;,a ,s*ool ,pap]4 #cb pages4 ,size #b-a_/d #b-c_/d4 ,dur+ ! c5t5nial at ,philadelphia 9 #ahgf1 ! ,national ,amateur ,press ,association 0 =m$ = ! purpose ( spread+ amateur j\rnalism & br++ amateurs into clos] relations ) "o ano!r4 ,! ,unit$ ,amateur ,press ,association 0 =m$ 9 #ahig1 &1 :ile x is a y\ng] organization ?an ! ,national ,amateur ,press ,association1 has a l>ge memb]%ip ( amateurs4 ,e boy aspirant to ! field ( j\rnalism %\ld jo9 "o ( ^! associations z soon z he has ! prop] cr$5tial--a copy ( 8 own pap]1 or an orig9al article ( 8 publi%$ 9 an amateur pap]4 ,by becom+ a memb] & gett+ acqua9t$ ) o!r amateurs ?r\gh ex*ange ( pap]s1 a boy is greatly b5efit$4 ,he has a *ance to see :at o!r amateurs are do+1 f9ds out ?r\gh ! o!r pap]s :at ! memb]s ?9k ( 8 "w1 & le>ns ?r\gh ^! fri5dly criticisms :]e9 he c improve 8 publication4 ,he also has a *ance to ent] 8 writ+s = ! prizes aw>d$ annually by ! associations = ! be/ poems1 sket*es1 essays1 hi/ories1 & editorials4 ,a great numb] ( ! memb]s ( ^! two associations are int]e/$ 9 small] organizations1 among :i* are ! ,int]/ate ,association--consi/+ ( ! memb]s ( ! ,ea/--& ! ,we/]n4 ,aga91 a l>ge numb] ( amateurs h =m$ /ate organizations1 & 9 l>ge cities1 :]e !re are en\gh memb]s to d s1 local clubs h be5 =m$4 ,! city clubs hold frequ5t meet+s1 at :i* x is cu/om>y = ! memb]s to take "p 9 lit]>y programmes4 ,! /ate & o!r organizations g5]ally hold semi-annual meet+s1 & ! ,national ,amateur ,press ,association & ! ,unit$ ,amateur ,press ,association meet annually 9 "s city *os5 ! prec$+ ye>1 & at ?is conv5tion elect _! (fic]s1 make aw>ds ( prizes = ! ye>1 & h a g5]al good "t4 ,! boy :o is own] ( a pr9t+-press is almo/ c]ta9 to get ! publi%+ fev] & comm5ce ! publi%+ ( a small pap]4 ,if 8 press is too small = su* an und]tak+1 x w ( c\rse be necess>y = him to d su* job pr9t+ z he c get to d until he has e>n$ suffici5t money to buy a l>g] press & su* mat]ials z he w ne$ 9 publi%+ a pap]4 ,b x is n always ! boy :o has _h a ta/e ( pr9t+ :o becomes int]e/$ 9 amateur j\rnalism4 ,!re are few boys n[adays :o pass ?r\gh _! s*ool life )\t devot+ "s ( _! "t to ?is int]e/+ & in/ructive "w4 ,a pap] />t$ by "o boy is g5]ally foll[$ by sev]al m1 & 9 ?is way ! numb] ( amateur pap]s s5t out 9 a t[n v rapidly increases4 ,no?+ daunts ! ambiti\s boy4 ,if he has n a press1 & !re are no prospects ( him e>n+ "o = "s "t1 he w n all[ ?is to int]f]e ) 8 plans4 ,x only means he mu/ devise "s o!r way ( pr9t+4 ,_m boys h already prov5 t a press is n an absolute necessity1 by issu+ pap]s pr9t$ ) rubb] type1 writt5 by p5 & on typewrit]s1 & pr9t$ by ! mimeograph & su* duplicat+ ma*9es4 ,^! are all m or less tiresome op]ations1 b ways 9 :i* ! boy det]m9$ to publi% a pap] may />t4 ,a few examples ( pap]s pr9t$ by ^! me?ods are %[n 9 ,figs4 #afb1 #afc1 & #afd4 ,x might be int]e/+ to "k a little some?+ ab\t h[ ^! pap]s 7 run4 ,! "o %[n 9 ,fig4 #afb 0 lett]$ by h&1 & :ile only "o copy ( an issue 0 made1 & t pass$ ab\t 9 ! s*ool at :i* ! publi%]s att5d$1 !re 0 a good deal ( "w requir$ to get x up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afc4--;,ano!r ,s*ool ,pap]4 ,! pap] %[n 9 ,fig4 #afc is also a s*ool pap]1 publi%$ at ! ,lake ,high ,s*ool1 ,*icago4 ,! copy = ?is 0 fir/ writt5 (f on a wax %eet by means ( a typewrit]1 & ?is %eet plac$ on ! cyl9d] ( a ma*9e kn[n z a neo/yle1 ! cyl9d] !n be+ revolv$ & ! pap]s pr9t$ f ! wax %eet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afd4--,pr9t$ ) ,rubb] ,type4 ,! pap] %[n 9 ,fig4 #afd 0 ! writ]'s fir/ attempt 9 ! publi%+ l9e1 & 0 inde$ a sorry specim5 ( typography4 ,a box ( rubb] type1 a f\r l9e hold]1 & ink-pad con/itut$ ! pr9t+ outfit4 ,! pap] 0 a twelve-pag$ two-column affair1 requir+ six impressions ( f\r l9es ea* to ! column4 ,! column rul+ 0 done ) a p51 &1 aft] pr9t+ ! copies1 ea* _h to be gone ov] & ret\*$ ) p5 & ink4 ,x 0 a long & t$i\s job1 & s we>+ ^u ! type t !y 7 practically useless by ! "t ! second issue _h be5 pr9t$4 ,b by ?is "t ! publi%]s became own]s ( a press ) :i* !y 7 able to turn out m satisfactory "w4 ,! fir/ ?+ = a boy to consid] is ,! ,"* ( 8 pap]--:e!r x %all conta9 news ( ! a?letic field1 ! s*ool1 or ! neighborhood1 entirely1 or be devot$ to amateur j\rnalism entirely1 or be made up ( a little ( ea*4 ,! s*oolroom pres5ts s mu* ( int]e/ to ^? 9 & out ( x1 t pap]s manag$ & edit$ by sev]al pupils1 ) ! articles writt5 by ! diff]5t classes1 are g5]ally successful4 ,a?letic news is always int]e/+ to boys1 & to h at lea/ a portion ( y\r pap] giv5 up to ?is subject might be a good plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afe4 ,! pap] %[n 9 ,fig4 #afe is an example ( a small pap]1 ! size ( ! %eet be+ ?ree by f\r & "o-half in*es4 ,x 0 publi%$ a few ye>s ago by six boys liv+ 9 ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky4 ,! /aff1 ! olde/ ( :om 0 b t5 ye>s ( age1 consi/$ ( ! editor-9-*ief1 :o att5d$ to ! g5]al managem5t1 edit+1 & pr9t+ ( ! pap]1 & five o!r boys1 kn[n z ! associate editors1 :o ga!r$ ! news & did ! hu/l+4 ,?is pap] conta9$ mo/ly neighborhood news1 & _h a l>ge local circulation4 ,! pap] %[n 9 ,fig4 #aff consi/s ( twelve pages pr9t$ ^u a press ) a =m capacity f\r by six in*es1 & is giv5 up entirely to ! publication ( orig9al /ories & poems4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aff4 ,"s boys :o d n own presses h ! pr9t+ done by pr(essionals1 b simply to edit a pap] gives !m b half ! pleasure & exp]i5ce d]iv$ f execut+ all ! "w !mselves1--edit+1 pr9t+1 b9d+1 mail+1 etc4 ,9 ,nam+ a pap] be sure to select a suitable title = x1 a "n ) a mean+1 su* z w d5ote ! "* ( ! publication1 be+ desirable4 ,! ,frequ5cy ( ,publication w dep5d l>gely ^u ! size ( %eet1 numb] ( pages1 ! am\nt ( "t t c be devot$ to ! "w1 & ! facilities = pr9t+4 ,:e!r weekly1 mon?ly1 semi-mon?ly--twice a mon?1 bi-mon?ly--once 9 two mon?s1 or qu>t]ly1 try to place ea* issue 9 ! h&s ( subscrib]s z ne>ly on "t z possible4 ,! ,size ( ,page w dep5d l>gely ^u y\r press4 ,h[ev]1 a small %eet is mo/ desirable = an amateur pap]4 ,! fir/ page %\ld be head$ ) ! "n ( ! pap] set up 9 r l>ge type4 ,y w f9d ,a ,/]eotyp$ ,head+ *eap] to buy ?an a font ( l>ge type1 & easi] to h&le on acc\nt ( its be+ 9 a solid block4 ,bel[ ! head+ %\ld appe> ! volume numb]1 date1 & numb] ( issue1 on "o l9e1 foll[$ by ! title ( ! article & body ( type4 ,! ,*oice ( ,type may be made by exam9+ ! %eets %[n opposite page #adb & 9 ,figs4 #afe & #aff1 _m ( :i* are good specim5s ( typography4 ,^! %\ld also help y to =mulate y\r ideas z to ! /yle ( y\r pap]4 ,! second page %\ld be head$ ) ! page numb] & "n ( pap]--or title ( /ory--9 small caps1 ?is l9e to be sep>at$ f ! body ( type by means ( a pica brass rule4 ,great c>e %\ld be us$ 9 publi%+ a pap] to h ! pro( ?or\ghly correct$ be=e ! =m is pr9t$1 = typographical errors spoil ! appe>ance ( ! pap] & are always disgu/+ to ! read]4 ,also see to x t ! m>g9al l9es correspond on ea* %eet1 & try to get uni=m impressions ?r\gh\t ! pap]4 ,a ,cov] is desirable = a small pap]1 z x adds to its appe>ance & size4 ,if y h "o1 set x up 9 some:at ! same /yle z ^? %[n opposite page #adb4 ,! cov] %eets %\ld be cut a little l>g] ?an ! inside %eets1 s !y w cov] ! latt] :5 !y are b\nd toge!r4 ,) ! pr9t+ ( an issue complet$1 ! %eets are ready = ,b9d+4--,!y may be fa/5$ toge!r by means ( wire /aples1 pa/e1 or ?read4 ,figure #afg %[s a s*eme ( /it*+ mu* employ$ 9 pr9t+-(fices & :i* is simple = an amateur to d4 ,! %eets are fir/ fold$ inside "o ano!r1 z 9 ! draw+4 ,!n1 />t+ at ,a ) a ne$le & ?read1 run ! ne$le ?r\gh ! %eets2 c>ry ! ?read und]nea? ! %eets f ,a to ,b1 f ,b to ,c above1 f ,c to ,a b5ea?1 & up ?r\gh ! %eets at ,a4 ,!n tie ! two ends ( ,d & ,e 9 a h>d knot1 ) ! portion ( ! ?read m>k$ ,f betwe5 !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afg4 ,! cov] may be b\nd ) ! re/ ( ! %eets1 or pa/$ to !m aft] ! %eets h be5 /it*$4 ,few amateurs bo!r ) ,adv]tisem5ts1 probably because x is h>d to f9d m]*ants :o h confid5ce 9 results f magaz9es ) small circulations2 b ) *eap rates y %\ld be able to secure en\gh ads4 to m ?an defray ! exp5ses ( publi%+ a pap]4 ,be=e solicit+ ^!1 cut a %eet ( pap] ! size ( a page & divide x into small spaces ) a p5cil & rul]1 mak+ :at is kn[n z ,! ,adv]tis]s' ,dummy4--,%[ ?is to y\r prospective adv]tis]s & let !m pick out ! space !y wi%1 *>g+ s mu* p] in*1 ! rate v>y+ accord+ to ! position ! ad4 w occupy4 ,) at lea/ f\r regul> issues a ye>1 & n less ?an fifty p] c5t ( ! circulation paid subscriptions1 y w be able to ent] y\r pap] 9 ! po/-(fice ( y\r city z ,second-class ,matt]1 :i* makes x possible = y to mail y\r pap]s to out-(-t[n subscrib]s at ! rate ( "o c5t p] p\nd4 ,to secure ^! privileges write to ! ?ird assi/ant po/ma/]-g5]al ( y\r city = an entry blank1 toge!r ) full p>ticul>s conc]n+ second-class matt]4 ,return ! application ) a copy ( y\r pap]2 & :5 x has be5 pass$ ^u1 ! po/ma/] w issue y a c]tificate entitl+ y to ^! rates & au?oriz+ y to pr9t ^u y\r pap] ,ent]$ at ! po/-(fice at 7"n ( t[n7 z second-class matt]4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,a ,,boy',s ,,d>k-,,room ,illu/ration3 ,a ,boy ,photograph+ 8 ,dog4 ,!re is no reason :y an indu/ri\s boy _c d a pr(itable bus9ess ) a cam]a1 :5 he has le>n$ to op]ate x successfully1 does c>eful & neat "w1 & *>ges a reasonable price = 8 pictures4 ,! _m mon?ly photographic competitions 9 ! magaz9es %\ld be a great help 9 %[+ :]e 8 faults lie1 & :5 he has ov]come ^! he %\ld be able to make consid]able money f ! ca% prizes (f]$4 ,an amateur %\ld ma/] z mu* ( ! "w z possible4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ p>ts is miss$ if y pay a pr(essional to develop y\r plates1 & y nev] "k :]e y\r faults h be5 made 9 tak+ ! pictures1 by n see+ ! mann] 9 :i* ! image appe>s on ! negative dur+ ! developm5t4 ,ev5 ?\gh y spoil "o or two plates 9 y\r fir/ attempts at develop+1 y\r results on ! :ole w probably be z good z ^? obta9$ by a pr(essional1 :o is v (t5 c>eless ) amateurs' "w4 ,no discussion ( photography has be5 includ$ 9 ?is book1 z a complete treatise w\ld be too l5g?y1 & a cond5s$ description impractical4 ,!re are a numb] ( excell5t publications :i* describe ! subject 9 detail1 mak+ x s cle> t a boy _c help b und]/& ! pr9ciples ) a little /udy4 ,few ( ^! books1 h[ev]1 dwell ^u ! equipm5t ( ! d>k-room1 & none give a fell[ any ideas = ! mak+ ( 8 app>atus1 g5]ally an important item to a boy4 ,! ,necess>y ,equipm5t = a d>k-room is n l>ge1 ab\t all y require besides y\r *emicals be+ a ruby lant]n1 pr9t+ frame1 ?ree trays1--"o = develop+1 ano!r = fix+1 & a ?ird = ton+1--a two-in* camel's-hair bru% = du/+ plates1 a dry+-rack1 glass graduate1 funnel1 set ( scales1 bottles = solutions1 & a cab9et 9 :i* to keep y\r app>atus & supplies4 ,a ,d>k-room is n a necessity1 al?\gh x is a great conv5i5ce1 especially if y are do+ mu* "w4 ,) ! %ades pull$ d[n1 y w f9d t y\r b$room s]ves ! purpose v well 9 ! ev5+1 & _m boys d _! "w 9 ?is way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afh4 ,a ,,h&y ,,d>k-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agb4 ,a ,,wa%+ ,,box ,,& ,,dry+ ,,rack4 ,figure #afh illu/rates h[ develop+ is c>ri$ on 9 a b$room ( an old-/yle h\se1 :]e ! wa%-/&s are set 9 recesses 9 ! wall4 ,"h a %elf made up ( sev]al bo>ds fa/5$ toge!r ) batt5s is set ^u ! m>ble slabs ar\nd ! bas94 ,9 ?is %elf an op5+ f\r by six in*es is made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #agj1 ! edges ( ! op5+ be+ rabbet$ to receive a five-by-sev5 cam]a plate4 ,?is arrangem5t is v complete1 = ! develop+ is p]=m$ on ! %elf1 ! fix+ on ! /& bel[1 & ! wa%+ 9 ! bas91 :ile light f ! lant]n is project$ ?r\gh ! glass 9 ! %elf1 mak+ x light und]nea?4 ,?is s*eme c be us$ = any wa%-/&1 by nail+ ! %elf to two pieces ( bo>d twelve in*es long by ! wid? ( ! %elf1 ^! pieces be+ set firmly ^u ! wa%-/&4 ,"s boys use ,! ,ba?-room = _! d>k-room1 d>k5+ ! w9d[ & %utt+ out any rays ( light t may come ?r\gh ! key-hole & cracks ab\t ! door4 ,?is works spl5didly1 !re be+ runn+ wat] at h& & ! tub 9 :i* to wa% ! negatives4 ,! "w-table is made out ( sev]al bo>ds batt5$ toge!r1 & %\ld be set across ! edges ( ! tub4 ,figure #afi %[s ,ano!r ,s*eme--a d>k-room fitt$ up 9 a closet1 or by p>tition+ (f a corn] ( ! attic or cell>4 ,9 ! latt] case ! inside ( ! p>tition %\ld be cov]$ ) black pap] or clo? to prev5t light f ent]+ cracks 9 ! bo>ds4 ,! room %\ld be provid$ ) ,a ,"w-table ab\t ?ree feet high4 ,?is %\ld be built aga9/ ! wall & /rongly brac$1 z %[n 9 ! sket* 7,fig4 #afi74 ,fa/5 a %elf to ! wall ab\t n9e in*es bel[ ! table1 & "u ?is make a rack ) ?ree divisions 9 x = trays4 ,! rack %\ld be fa/5$ to ! braces1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,runn+ ,wat] is a great conv5i5ce 9 a d>k-room1 z x saves ! bo!r ( hav+ to c>ry wat] 9 pails1 or transf]r+ y\r plates to a tub or wa%-bas9 = ! f9al ba? aft] developm5t4 ,if x is impossible to locate y\r d>k-room :]e x w be suppli$ ) runn+ wat]1 ! be/ s*eme is ,a ,wat]-tank ) hose atta*m5t4 ,?is is %[n 9 ,fig4 #afi4 ,to c>ry x out1 procure f y\r groc] a half-b>rel1 su* z is us$ = ! %ipm5t ( salt mack]el1 etc41 &1 aft] ?or\ghly clean+ x1 bore a hole 9 ! side ab\t two in*es f ! bottom4 ,buy at a drug-/ore sev]al feet ( rubb] tub+1 a rubb] /opp] ) a hole cut 9 ! c5tre1 two p9*-/ops1 a six-in* piece ( glass tub+ b5t at "r angles1 & a small glass funnel4 ,slip "o end ( ! b5t piece ( glass tub+ into ! rubb] /opp]1 & /ick ! latt] 9 ! hole made 9 ! b>rel4 ,!n slip a %ort piece ( ! rubb] tub+ ov] ! glass tub+1 & place "o ( ! p9*-/ops on x to be us$ 9 regulat+ ! supply ( wat] f ! tank 7see ,fig4 #aga74 ,set ! b>rel on "o end ( ! table1 & run ! rubb] tub+ ?r\gh a hole cut = x 9 ! "w-table4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agj4 ,,fig4 #aga4 ,,fig4 #afi4--;,a ,well-equipp$ ,d>k-room4 ,x is advisable to filt] ! wat] us$ f ! b>rel1 t y may be sure x is free f dirt1 s an arrangem5t simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aga %\ld be fa/5$ bel[ ! "w-table4 ,x consi/s ( a glass funnel set 9 a hole bor$ 9 a block ( wood 7see ,a 9 ,fig4 #aga71 :i* is susp5d$ f ! bottom ( ! "w-table by means ( a /ick 7,b71 "o end ( :i* is nail$ to block ,a & ! o!r end to ! "w-table4 ,keep a piece ( filt]-pap] 9 ! funnel4 ,! rubb] tub+ %\ld be cut j long en\gh to rea* ! funnel1 & ! bottom ( ?is filt] %\ld come )9 an in* or two ( ! s9k1 :i* w be set 9 ! %elf bel[4 ,y w f9d an iron drip-pan ab\t z *eap ,a ,s9k z c be _h1 consid]+ t "o twelve by sev5te5 in*es w co/ y j fifty c5ts--tw5ty-five c5ts = ! pan & an equal am\nt to pay a t9smi? = sold]+ a ?ree-eigh?s in* pipe 9 a hole cut 9 ! bottom = a dra94 ,ei!r fa/5 ! s9k on ! %elf1 bor+ a hole = ! pipe to fit 91 or set x 9 an op5+ cut 9 ! %elf1 z %[n 9 ! draw+1 support+ x by ! rim ar\nd its top4 ,slip a piece ( rubb] tub+ ov] ! l[] end ( ! dra9 pipe & to ?is atta* ! second p9*-/op z a regulator = empty+ ! s9k 7see ,fig4 #afi74 ,z ! wat] supply w\ld be insuffici5t to wa% ! plates ?or\ghly aft] tak+ !m f ! hypo ba?1 x %\ld be us$ = r9s+ only1 & ,a ,wa%+-box1 aft] ! s*eme ( ,fig4 #agb1 made to hold ! negatives :ile wa%+ !m4 ,?is box w /& on ! %elf beside ! s9k until y are ?r\gh develop+4 ,! rack is made up ( /rips ( wood fa/5$ toge!r ) wire brads4 ,figure #agc cle>ly %[s its con/ruction4 ,/rips ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,d %\ld be plac$ ?ree & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es ap>t = f\r-by-five plates1 & k]fs %\ld be cut 9 _! edges z %[n4 ,a & ,d are m\nt$ ^u %ort /ilts1 & ,b & ,c are nail$ to ! uprights support+ ! h&le4 ,! plates re/ ^u /rips nail$ across ! bottom pieces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agc4--;,a ,wa%+-rack4 ,?is tray 0 made to hold two doz5 plates1 b may be made small] if y wi%4 ,! box %\ld be j l>ge en\gh = ! tray to fit 94 ,fill all ! cracks & jo9ts ) :ite-lead & give ! box sev]al coats ( pa9t to make x p]fectly wat] tight4 ,!n make a hole 9 ! side ne> ! bottom to let ! wat] out1 & procure a cork to fit x 7,fig4 #agd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agd4--,! ,wa%+-box4 ,be=e develop+1 cork up ! wa%+-box1 fill x ) wat]1 & set x 9 "o end ( ! s9k :]e ! plates c be set 9 x aft] be+ tak5 f ! fix+ ba?4 ,:5 y are ?r\gh develop+1 place ! box & plates 9 ! wa%-bas9 or ! ba?-tub2 remove ! cork f ! box & all[ ! wat] to run 9 at ! top & out ?r\gh ! hole ne> ! bottom4 ,:5 ! negatives h be5 ?or\ghly wa%$1 ! tray c be remov$ f ! wa%+-box & us$ z ,a ,dry+-rack4 ,ano!r s*eme = a dry+-rack easily made is %[n 9 ,fig4 #age4 ,= ! con/ruction1 two pieces ( wood twelve in*es long by f\r in*es wide w be ne$$ 7,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #age71 also two blocks 7,c & ,d7 f\r in*es squ>e4 ,mitre "o edge ( ,a & ,b1 & cut a "r-angl$ bird's-m\? 9 ,c & ,d to receive ,a & ,b4 ,) ! pieces prep>$1 fa/5 !m toge!r z 9 ! illu/ration4 ,!n procure "s corrugat$ /raw-bo>d1 su* z is us$ = pack+ glass-w>e1 etc41 cut two pieces f\r by twelve in*es1 & tack !m to ,a & ,b 9 su* a way t ! corrugations on "o /rip co9cide ) ^? on ! o!r4 ,= a simple rack ?is _c be surpass$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #age4--;,a ,negative-rack4 ,= *emicals1 supplies1 & app>atus1 make ,a ,cab9et simil> to ! "o describ$ = tools 9 ,*apt] ,i1 or ! curio-cab9et 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,?is makes x possible to keep ev]y?+ 9 ord] & 9 places :]e !y c easily be rea*$4 ,su* a cab9et is %[n on ! wall 9 ,fig4 #afi4 ,! be/ s*eme = a d>k-room ,ruby-light is %[n 9 ,fig4 #afi4 ,?is is practicable1 h[ev]1 only :5 y build ! d>k-room itself & c cut a w9d[ 9 ! p>tition4 ,x makes x possible to h y\r s\rce ( light outside ( ! room1 & does away ) ! heat caus$ by hav+ a lamp )91 :]e y are work+4 ,fir/1 cut a t5-by-twelve-in* w9d[ op5+ 9 ! p>tition on a level ) ! top ( ! "w-table4 ,!n make a frame a little l>g] ?an ?is op5+ & ei!r set a piece ( ruby or orange glass 9 x1 or pa/e a %eet ( ruby or orange pap] ov] x4 ,build a track above & bel[ ! op5+ = ! frame to slide 91 do+ ! "w neatly1 s !re w be no possibility ( light leak+ ?r\gh4 ,! light1 :i* may be a c&le or lamp1 %\ld /& ^u a %elf support$ ^u a bracket outside ( ! w9d[4 ,x is conv5i5t to h ! w9d[ slide1 z x enables y to op5 x & h :ite light to "w by :5 a ruby light is n necess>y4 ,?is w9d[ furni%es light = develop+1 :i* w be done ^u ! table1 b none = ! %elf bel[1 :]e ! s9k is locat$ & :]e ! fix+ tray %\ld be kept 7t !re w be no dang] ( gett+ hypo into ! develop]74 ,9 ord] to h light = ?is %elf1 y _h bett] foll[ ! s*eme %[n 9 ,fig4 #agj4 ,cut an op5+ f\r by six in*es 9 ! "w-table directly 9 front ( ! w9d[1 & make a half-in* rabbet ar\nd its upp] edge to receive a five-by-sev5 cam]a plate 7see ,fig4 #agj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agf4--;,a ,home-made ,d>k-room ,lant]n4 ,if x is n possible to h outside light = ! d>k room1 ,a ,home-made ,lant]n1 su* z is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #agf1 w be f\nd v satisfactory4 ,x is made out ( a wood5 box ab\t t5 by t5 by twelve in*es4 ,cut two op5+s six in*es squ>e 9 two sides ( ! box & cov] "o ) "o %eet & ! o!r ) two %eets ( orange or r$ pap]1 spread+ pa/e ov] ! entire surface ( ! pap] to make x /ret* tightly ov] ! op5+s z x dries4 ,! orange & r$ wrapp]s ( "s makes ( pr9t+ pap]s & develop+ p[d]s c be us$ = ! cov]+ ( ^! op5+s4 ,= a *imney1 procure a long sl5d] bak+-p[d] c1 remove ! cov] & bottom1 & ins]t x 9 a hole cut = x 9 ! top ( ! box4 ,!n an arrangem5t mu/ be made1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #agf1 to prev5t light f emitt+ f ! top ( ! c4 ,?is consi/s ( a tomato-c plac$ ov] ! bak+-p[d] c1 bottom side up1 ) its edge fa/5$ 9 k]fs cut 9 ! ends ( f\r wood5 /ilts 7see illu/ration74 ,drive ! /ilts firmly into holes bor$ = !m 9 ! top ( ! box4 ,! edge ( ! tomato-c %\ld n[ be ab\t an in* & "o-half above ! box1 & its bottom an in* or m above ! bak+-p[d] c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agg4 ,bel[ ! *imney atta* a wood5 /ilt to ! bottom ( ! lant]n1 & tack a c cov] to ! top ( x1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,?is =ms a cup hold] = ! c&le1 :i* n only cat*es ! dripp+s1 b also makes ! lant]n fire-pro( %\ld ! c&le burn d[n to ! end be=e y notice x4 ,bore a numb] ( holes 9 ! bottom ( ! box1 & nail two /rips to ! "u side1 z %[n4 ,! lamp is n[ complet$ ) ! exception ( ! door1 :i* %\ld be made 9 ?ree pieces1 ) ! edges cut & bevell$ z %[n 9 ,figs4 #agf & #agg4 ,nail /rips ,a & ,c to ! back ( ! box1 & slip ,b betwe5 !m4 ,a screw-eye ne> ! bottom ( ,b w s]ve z a lift 9 op5+ ! lant]n4 ,z ! edges ( ! /rips are cut on a slant & bevell$1 a jo9t :i* _c possibly leak light is obta9$ :5 ,b is slipp$ into place4 ,all cracks 9 ! box %\ld be c>efully fill$ ) :ite lead4 ,9 (f]+ ?is lamp to 8 boy read]s1 ! writ] kn[s !y w f9d x mo/ satisfactory & a solution to ! problem ( mak+ a p]fect d>k-lant]n4 ,! air admitt$ ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! bottom ( ! box c>ries ! heat & smoke /raight into ! *imney1 & out ?r\gh ! space betwe5 ! t9 cans1 mak+ x impossible = ! flame to ignite ! wood4 ,if y use ,a ,plate-lift] y w f9d an old too?-bru% h&le tap]$ at ! end by means ( a file "o ( ! be/ t c be _h4 ,x is well to h "s s*eme = ,classify+ & ,pres]v+ ,negatives4--,to keep !m 9 _! orig9al boxes is n a good idea1 z !re is always dang] ( scrat*+ !m & no satisfactory way ( keep+ track ( _! description1 date ( exposure1 etc4 ,manila ,envelopes1 ) a pr9t$ =m to be fill$ out1 on ! outside1 are invaluable hold]s1 z !y n only make x possible to file away negatives 9 alphabetical ord]1 b pres]ve !m f du/1 scrat*es1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agh4--;,a ,negative-case4 ,! f\r-by-five size c be b\ght = ab\t tw5ty-five c5ts a hundr$ f a deal] 9 photograph supplies2 b y c get !m mu* *eap] by go+ to a pap] h\se & ask+ = _! f\r-by-five co9-cut manila envelope1 :i* sells 9 half-?\s& lots at ab\t "o doll> p] ?\s&4 ,if ! quantity is m ?an y w ne$1 y c probably dispose ( a portion ( !m to y\r boy fri5ds4 ,) a pr9t+-press or rubb] type1 ! foll[+ =m %\ld be pr9t$ ^u ! outside1 ) a rule or space to ! "r 9 :i* to place ! descriptions3-- ,,no4 ,,description ,,date ,,rem>ks ,a ,wood5 ,case to hold ! envelopes is desirable1 & su* a "o may be made simil> to ,fig4 #agh4 ,= f\r-by-five negatives ! inside ( ! box %\ld measure twelve in*es long1 five & "o-qu>t] in*es wide1 & ?ree in*es deep4 ,x w hold ab\t six doz5 negatives4 ,v light wood1 ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick1 %\ld be us$ = ! con/ruction ( ?is case4 ,cut two pieces twelve & ?ree-qu>t]s by ?ree & ?ree-eigh?s in*es = ! sides1 two pieces six by ?ree & ?ree-eigh?s = ! ends1 & "o piece twelve by five & "o-qu>t] = ! bottom4 ,9 cutt+ ! side-& end-pieces1 mitre ! edges ( ea* s !y w make neat corn]s4 ,! mitre-box %\ld be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,nail ! pieces toge!r ) small f9i%+ nails1 aft] :i* fa/5 ! bottom-piece betwe5 !m1 driv+ ! nails ?r\gh ! side-pieces into x4 ,! cov] is made ( a bo>d twelve & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long by six in*es wide1 ) a rim made ( f\r in*-&-"o-qu>t] /rips nail$ ar\nd its edge1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,two ( ! /rips %\ld be twelve & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long1 & ! o!r two six in*es long4 ,_! ends %\ld be mitr$ & fitt$ toge!r z ! sides ( ! box 7 done1 & ! top %\ld be nail$ to _! top edges4 ,?is cov] fits ov] ! plates1 :i* project an in* above ! sides4 ,h+e x to ! back ( ! box1 & atta* a hook to ! front4 ,if y d n keep y\r plates 9 envelopes1 ! sides ( ! box %\ld be l9$ ) corrugat$ /raw-bo>d to sep>ate !m4 ,?is may be tack$ or glu$ to ! wood4 ,by rubb+ d[n ! outside ) em]y-pap]1 oil+1 %ellack+1 or v>ni%+ ! wood1 a v pretty case w be obta9$4 ,y w f9d x a simple matt] to pick out a negative by hav+ !m fil$ 9 ! ord] ( _! exposure1 & catalogu$ alphabetically 9 a note-book4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,a ,,w9t] ,,ent]prise ,illu/ration3 ,boys ) ,sn[ ,%ovel & ,broom4 ,boys :o keep _! eyes op5 = opportunities to make money are n long 9 f9d+ t ! com+ ( sn[ means money 9 _! pockets if !y are will+ to d a little hu/l+4 ,a numb] ( ye>s ago a few boys und]took ! job ( keep+ ! walks ( _! neighborhood free f sn[1 & con/ruct$ ,a ,sn[ ,pl\gh ) :i* to d _! "w4 ,! pl\gh prov$ s satisfactory t o!rs 7 made1 & be=e long e boy 9 ! neighborhood _h enli/$ 9 ! company4 ,by sev]al boys jo9+ =ces 9 ?is way1 & mak+ contracts ) prop]ty own]s to keep _! walks & /eps free f sn[1 a good deal ( gr\nd c be cov]$ 9 a %ort space ( "t1 & a neat sum ( money realiz$ dur+ ! season4 ,! "w c be done be=e & aft] s*ool1 & be s divid$ t :ile sev]al are pl\gh+ ! walks ! o!rs are clean+ ! /eps4 ,a pl\gh su* z is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #agi is made 9 two sections1 f\r feet long by two feet wide4 ,aft] batt5+ ! bo>ds toge!r at ,a & ,b1 z %[n 9 ! draw+1 fa/5 ! sections 9 place1 ) two ends toge!r & ! o!r two ends two feet ap>t4 ,nail !m firmly toge!r at ! angle & brace !m at ! op5 end ) /rips1 z %[n at ,c & ,d 9 ! illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agi4--;,a ,sn[ ,pl\gh4 ,! bottom edge ( ! pl\gh %\ld be cov]$ ) t91 to prev5t x f we>+ or becom+ brok54 ,bore a hole an in* 9 diamet] 9 ea* section at ,e1 & fa/5 a broom-h&le 9 !m f :i* to atta* ! rope tugs4 ,?is be+ done ! pl\gh is ready = use4 ,a ,scrap] is ab\t ! be/ appliance t c be _h = clean+ sn[ f ! /eps1 especially :5 ! sn[ has turn$ to slu%4 ,= ! mak+ ( "o ( ^!1 prep>e a sev5-eigh?s in* bo>d sixte5 in*es long by f\r in*es wide4 ,bevel ! l[] edge & nail a two in* /rip bel[ ! top1 z at ,a 9 ,fig4 #ahj4 ,bore a hole ?r\gh bo? ?icknesses ( wood at ,b & fit a broom-h&le 9 x1 brac+ ! h&le ) a piece ( wire run f a small hole bor$ 9 ! h&le at ,c to ! ends ( ! scrap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahj4--;,a ,scrap]4 ,figure #aha %[s a s*eme = ,a ,sn[ ,%ovel t is easy to make1 & "o :i* w /& a good deal ( we>4 ,= ?is1 secure two b>rel /aves1 cut !m 9 two1 & plane up ! curv$ edges until !y are /raight4 ,!n tak+ ?ree ( ^! pieces1 lay !m side by side & nail a two-by-two in* /rip across ! top edges1 z %[n at ,a1 to b9d !m toge!r4 ,! bevell$ ends ( ! /aves %\ld be plac$ at ! l[] end ( ! %ovel & b\nd 9 place by a /rip ( galvaniz$ iron b5t ov] ! edges & tack$ to ! /aves 7see ,b 9 draw+74 ,ano!r iron /rip %\ld be nail$ across ! /aves at ,c1 to fa/5 !m m securely toge!r4 ,cl9* ! nails ^u ! "u side ( ! %ovel & drive _! ends well into ! wood4 ,procure a broom-/ick = ! h&le & place x 9 a bevell$ slot cut at ,d 7,fig4 #ahb71 fa/5+ d[n ! end ) iron pipe-/raps1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aha4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aha4--;,an ,easily ,made ,sn[ ,%ovel4 ,) ! addition ( brooms to ! pl\gh1 scrap]s1 & %ovels1 y\r outfit w be complete & ready = bus9ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,two ,boys ) ,fi%+ ,pole4 ,"p ,,ii ,outdoor ,pa/imes ,illu/ration3 ,,9 ,,camp ,,= ,,! ,,summ]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,a ,,back-,,y>d ,,club-,,h\se ,illu/ration3 ,boys 9 ,discussion1 ,boys ,"w on ! ,club-h\se4 ,= _m ye>s !re /ood 9 a city back-y>d a %anty 9 :i* ! boys ( ! neighborhood ga!r$ aft] s*ool & dur+ vacation1 to hold _! club-meet+s4 ,_m a pleasant h\r 0 sp5t )9 ! walls ( ?is little build+1 & x _h to be enl>g$ ye> aft] ye> to hold ! ev]-increas+ numb] ( memb]s4 ,if1 dur+ ! week ( s*ool prec$+ ! summ] vacation1 ! boys 7 se5 mak+ plans & talk+ s]i\sly ab\t some?+ evid5tly 9 connection ) ! h\se1 x might well be imag9$ t ! annual alt]ations 7 ab\t to beg94 ,at ! close ( s*ool ! neighbors 7 made aw>e ( x by ! appe>ance ( half a doz5 boys ^u ! ro( ( ! %anty1 :o1 ) hamm]s & hat*ets 9 _! h&s1 7 easily recogniz$ z ! wreck+ crew4 ,p]haps ! ro( 0 to be rais$ a foot or giv5 a diff]5t pit*1 a w9d[ *ang$ "h or a door plac$ !re1 a side ext5d$ or a p>tition built ?r\gh ! c5tre2 b no matt] :e!r ! alt]ations bett]$ ! build+ or n1 !y gave ! own]s a *ance to use _! +5uity 9 work+ out _! s*emes1 & practice 9 c>p5t] "w4 ,! boys' greate/ difficulty 0 f\nd 9 obta9+ l>ge en\gh mat]ial ) :i* to build4 ,! wood%$ 0 ! lumb]-y>d1 & z ?is conta9$ only a few old bo>ds1 sev]al pack+-cases1 & k9dl+-wood1 a great deal ( splic+ 0 requir$ & _m p\nds ( nails 7 necess>y to fa/5 ! _m small pieces 9 place4 ,aft] remodell+ ! club-h\se "o ye>1 ! memb]s 9 way ( a joke plac$ a ,= ,r5t sign ^u ! door1 & 7 greatly surpris$ to receive ! foll[+ my/]i\s lett]3-- ,,mi/] ,,ag5t3 i sea u hev a h\se ,fur r5t :at u want furit im a wid] ) #ab *ildr5 six pigs #e *ick5s a mule ?ree dogs #g cats & t5 ducks i hop ! h\se is big enuff x dont matt] b\t ! *ildr5 b i wont cr[d ! pigs4 i soppose w pa9t outside an 9 & put awn9s at ! frunt w9d]s i'd l t]ry cotty %ades & a /un sidewalk i,f u'll put a piassie on & r$uce ! r5t till aft] wurlds ,fair i'll take x :at y want furit please let me "k soon i,f u dont f9d me hum im l to be at mis :atnots if u dont "k ! way to h] h\se j ask mis jones next door b "o to me %e'll tell u ,good by4 ,,m>y ,,jane ,,john/one4 ,! lett] 0 answ]$ imm$iately & s5t to ! g5]al deliv]y b 0 return$ f ! ,dead ,lett] ,(fice1 & no trace ( ! l>ge family c\ld be f\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,back-y>d ,club-h\se4 ,kn[+ t _m boys :o w\ld l to build !mselves a club-h\se h n ! money 9 _! treasury ) :i* to buy new lumb]1 ?is *apt] w describe ! mann] 9 :i* a r\gh-&-ready h\se may be built4 ,x w n be attempt$ to %[ ! correct me?ods ( putt+ up a framework1 su* z w\ld be built if ! "r-siz$ lumb] 7 obta9able1 b ! simple/ way 9 :i* boys c make use ( ! mat]ial at h&4 ,draw ! ,plan ( ! build+ ^u a piece ( pap]1 & be=e comm5c+ "w figure out exactly :at mat]ial w be requir$4 ,if y hav5't en\gh lumb] y w f9d x a great deal easi] to alt] ! plans at fir/ ?an :5 ! "w is half complet$4 ,x is be/ fir/ to place 9 "o pile all ,! ,mat]ial y c f9d2 !n1 aft] draw+ ! plans1 sort out ! bo>ds accord+ to _! l5g?s4 ,use ! %ort bo>ds :5ev] possible1 s t ! long pieces may be kept = places requir+ long bo>ds4 ,sev]al two-by-f\rs %\ld be secur$ = ! framework4 ,if y d n happ5 to h ^!1 y c easily get :at y want at "s alt]ation job or :]e "s frame /ructure is be+ torn d[n4 ,%ort two-by-f\rs may be splic$1 or1 m correctly speak+1 fi%$4 ,?is is v (t5 resort$ to 9 build+ :5 /udd+ ( a suffici5t l5g? _c be procur$4 ,figure #ahc %[s ! me?od ( ,fi%+ ,/uds4--,two fi%-plates1 ,a & ,b1 are nail$ to ! sides ( ! /uds1 cov]+ ! jo9ts1 :ile ! face ,,od rema9s on a level to receive ! sid+4 ,by build+ ! club-h\se 9 a corn] ( ! y>d1 aga9/ ! f5ce1 h\se1 or b>n1 x is necess>y to build b two walls4 ,less mat]ial is requir$1 & a mu* firm] /ructure obta9$ by do+ ?is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahc4 ,/ake out ! l5g? & wid? ( ! h\se ^u ! gr\nd1 & s9k a /one or a c\ple ( bricks at ! corn] to support ! corn] po/4 ,!n cut two two-by-f\rs ! l5g? ( ! greate/ inside height ( ! h\se4 ,set "o ^u ! corn] /one1 brac+ x tempor>ily ) bo>ds run f x to ! f5ce1 & spike ! o!r to ! f5ce on a l9e ) ! corn] po/ 7see ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #ahd74 ,cut ! end-plate ,c ! correct l5g? & spike x to ,a & ,b1 aft] :i* cut a two-by-f\r ! l5g? ( ! %orte/ inside height1 & spike x to ! f5ce rails at ,d4 ,nail ! bo>ds ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 & ,i to ! places %[n 9 ,fig4 #ahd4 ,! ,/uds %\ld be plac$ f two to ?ree feet ap>t1 accord+ to ! l5g? ( bo>ds us$ = sid+1 & additional /udd+ %\ld be set 9 :]e x is necess>y4 ,fa/5 ! ends ( ! /uds to ! bo>ds ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 & ,i4 ,/udd+ %\ld be plac$ ar\nd ! w9d[ & door op5+s1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahd4--;,framework ( ,club-h\se4 ,aft] complet+ ! framework1 ,bo>d up ! ,sides1 fitt+ ! bo>ds ar\nd op5+s & corn]s z neatly z possible4 ,! ,ro( is a v important factor 9 a build+ ( any k9d1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 to make x ( wat]-pro( mat]ial1 = a leaky ro( w n only ru9 ! int]ior b make x damp & ?us unheal?y4 ,t>-pap] w be f\nd a good ro(+ mat]ial1 inexp5sive1 & easily put on4 ,fir/ cov] ! ro( ) bo>ds plac$ ab\t "o in* ap>t4 ,!n cut ! t>-pap] into l5g?s equal to ! wid? ( ! ro(4 ,comm5c+ at ! l[] edge ( ! ro( tack "o /rip 9 place4 ,lap a second /rip two in*es ov] ! fir/1 a ?ird two in*es ov] ! second1 & s on until ! entire ro( is cov]$4 ,figure #ahe %[s a t9 cap & nail made especially = ?is k9d ( "w4 ,! cap is pun*$ to fit ov] ! nail1 & prev5ts wat] f runn+ into ! hole made by ! latt]4 ,x w be unnecess>y to coat ! pap] ) t>1 z !re is suffici5t 9 its prep>ation to keep x wat] pro( a long "t--probably long] ?an ! h\se itself w be all[$ to /&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahe4 ,! ,floor %\ld n be laid directly ^u ! gr\nd1 b be support$ ^u f\r-in* sleep]s set z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ahf1 ) c9d]s ramm$ 9 betwe5 !m4 ,! b$ ( c9d]s %\ld n be m ?an ?ree in*es ?ick1 s !re w be an in* ( air space betwe5 !m & ! floor4 ,?is w help to keep ! floor free f dampness4 ,f\r-in* bo>ds /ood on edge w d v well = ! sleep]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahf4--;,con/ruction ( ,floor4 ,y c probably make a b>ga9 ) a c>p5t] = ,a ,w9d[-sa%4--,!y v (t5 h a numb] tak5 f old build+s1 :i* !y w gladly sell = a small sum4 ,!re are two ways 9 :i* y c easily fa/5 ! sa% 9 place1 ei!r ) h+es s x w sw+ 91 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #ahg & #ahh1 or 9 tracks1 to slide z describ$ = ! d>k-room w9d[ 9 ,*apt] ,,xi & illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #afi4 ,if ! w9d[ is made 9 ! front ( ! build+1 z %[n 9 ! sket* ( ! f9i%$ club-h\se1 ! sa% w necess>ily h to be h+$1 z !re w\ld n be room = x to slide sideways4 ,we w !re=e h+e x to sw+ 9 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #ahg & #ahh4 ,! /udd+ :i* 0 plac$ ar\nd ! w9d[ op5+ :5 y erect$ ! framework ( ! h\se =ms a frame = ! sa% to set 94 ,! w9d[-sill is made out ( a sev5-eigh?s-in* bo>d cut ! wid? ( ! op5+1 & %\ld be nail$ to ! bottom piece ( ! frame s x pit*es slightly outw>ds & its edges project a little beyond ! wall inside & out 7see ,fig4 #ahh74 ,! pit* ( ! sill c be obta9$ by block+ ! inn] edge ) a v ?9 /rip ( wood1 z %[n 9 ! section draw+4 ,! sa% %\ld fit ! frame ) b en\gh space ar\nd x to all[ x to op5 freely4 ,place ! sa% 9 ! op5+ ) its inside surface on a l9e ) ! inside face ( ! two-by-f\r frame1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ahh1 & nail a sev5-eigh?s-in* w9d[-/op ar\nd ! frame outside ( ! sa% to keep ! ra9 & w9d f ent]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahh4--,section ?r\gh ,w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahg4--;,inside ( ,w9d[4 ,by h++ ! sa% to ! top ( ! frame z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 x c be swung up out ( ! way :5 op5$4 ,a spr+-cat* %\ld be screw$ to ! bottom rail ( ! sa% ) ! lat*-pocket c\nt] sunk 9 ! w9d[-sill1 & f ! knob ( ! cat* a cord %\ld be atta*$ & run ?r\gh a screw-eye plac$ 9 ! wall ne> ! ceil+4 ,! sa% c n[ be op5$ by pull+ ! cord1 & may be held op5 by loop+ ! end ( ! cord ov] a nail4 ,wood5 buttons %\ld be screw$ to ! inside edge ( ! jambs = additional locks 7see ,fig4 #ahg74 ,a sill %\ld be set 9 ! bottom ( ! door frame1 & a sev5-eigh?s in* /op nail$ to ! top & to ! jambs 9 ! same way z y f9i%$ ! w9d[ op5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahi4--;,a ,batt5 ,door4 ,make a ,batt5 ,door1 fa/5+ ! bo>ds toge!r on ! inside ) batt5s z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ahi1 ) ! nails driv5 ?r\gh f ! outside face & cl9*$ ^u ! batt5s4 ,h+e ! door to ! inside face ( ! jamb ) /rap-h+es1 & ei!r buy an iron lat* = x or make ! old-fa%ion$ ,wood5 ,lat* describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,) ! c>p5t] "w ( ! h\se complet$1 ,calk up ! ,cracks1 ( :i* !re w d\btless be a great numb]1 unless mat*$ bo>ds h be5 us$ = ! walls4 ,?is may be done by roll+ pieces ( newspap]s into wads & w$g+ !m into ! cracks ) a po9t$ /ick4 ,sev]al ?icknesses ( wrapp+-pap] tack$ ov] ! inside walls w help to prev5t ! w9d f ent]+1 & w also make a good f\ndation = wall-pap] %\ld x be plac$ ^u ! walls4 ,e>? %\ld be bank$ up ar\nd ! outside ( ! h\se to keep away ! wat]4 ,v9es tra9$ ov] ! outside w help to hide ! r\ghness ( ! bo>ds4 ,! club-h\se int]ior may be fitt$ up ) furniture su* z is describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iv1 ,sugge/ions = a ,boy's ,room4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,log-,,cab9 ,illu/ration3 ,boy ,clean+ ,di%es & ,boy ,cook+ outside ! ,cab94 ,! log-cab9 m>ks :at might be call$ ! beg9n+ ( ,am]ican ar*itecture1 = x 0 ! fir/ =m ( build+ built by :ite m5 ^u ,am]ican soil4 ,! introduction ( saw-mills 0 v sl[1 & lumb] s sc>ce t cab9s 7 ! be/ %elt] ! coloni/s c\ld build to )/& ! cold w9t]s & ! m]ciless attacks ( ,indians4 ,) ! build+ ( saw-mills1 ! cab9 gradually gave way to ! frame build+1 :i* c\ld be m quickly built1 & :i* 01 ( c\rse1 a m com=table lodg+4 ,b ?is *ange fir/ took place up & d[n ! l>ge riv]s1 :]e ! mills 7 locat$1 & did n ext5d into ! int]ior until "s "t lat]1 ow+ to ! difficulty ( haul+ lumb] to great di/ances f ! mills4 ,to-day ! log-cab9 is /ill to be f\nd 9 ! timb] regions & among ! m\nta9s1 b mo/ly = tempor>y resid5ces1 su* z summ] homes1 camps1 & play-h\ses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aij4--,plan = a ,boy's ,cab94 ,y boys :o sp5d ! summ] 9 ! woods %\ld n miss ! opportunity ( build+ y\rselves a small cab94 ,sev]al boys c jo9 =ces1 & 9 ?is way make ! "w easi] & quick] to p]=m4 ,select a ,site on high gr\nd1 z ne> to y\r s\rce ( timb] z possible1 & !n decide ^u ,! ,design & ,size to build x1 :i* w be det]m9$ l>gely by ! size & am\nt ( timb] y c procure4 ,a plan = a cab9 simple 9 con/ruction is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aij1 & :ile ! details h be5 c>efully work$ out 9 ?is *apt] = a cab9 ( ?is size1 y w f9d x a simple matt] to make su* alt]ations z y wi%4 ,= ! build+ ( m pret5ti\s cab9s1 ! writ] w\ld ref] 8 read]s to ,log ,cab9s & ,cottages z ! mo/ practical book publi%$ ^u ?is subject4 ,9 ?is volume its au?or1 ,mr4 ,william ,s4 ,wicks1 has n only writt5 ^u ! con/ruction & treatm5t ( cab9s1 b also br\ght toge!r a numb] ( sket*es %[+ a great v>iety ( clev] designs t h be5 built 9 diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! details ( con/ruction = ! cab9 describ$ 9 ?is *apt]1 ! writ] has made use ( a numb] ( ideas f ?is book1 ?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,wicks & 8 publi%]s4 ,( c\rse ! mo/ ( ,! ,mat]ial = ! cab9 w be secur$ ne> at h&1 b = a good ro(1 & ! f9i%+ ( ! door & w9d[ op5+s1 a few bo>ds %\ld be tak5 along1 toge!r ) sev]al p\nds ( nails4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,boys' ,,log ,,cab94 ,:ile x is cu/om>y to lay up ! walls ( a cab9 & !n cut ! door & w9d[ op5+s1 y w f9d x a v mu* simpl] matt] to leave ! spaces = !m :5 lay+ up ! logs1 z x greatly decreases ! numb] ( long logs requir$ to build ! cab94 ,z ! inside dim5sions ( ! cab9 %[n 9 ! plan ( ,fig4 #aij are t5 by twelve feet1 ! full-l5g? logs--t is1 ^? above & bel[ ! w9d[ & door op5+s--%\ld be ?irte5 feet long = ! ends ( ! cab9 & fifte5 feet = ! front & re> walls4 ,to />t ! ,cab91 /ake out its l5g? & bread? ^u ! gr\nd1 cle> ! space ( all trees & bru%1 & make ! gr\nd z ne>ly level z possible4 ,y w f9d x unnecess>y to h a f\ndation = a cab9 ( ?is size1 z x w n settle to am\nt to any?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aia4--,! ,lock-jo9t4 ,probably ! mo/ simple way ( jo9+ ! logs toge!r is :at is kn[n z ,! ,lock-jo9t4--,z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aia1 a not* is cut 9 ! logs twelve in*es f ea* end1 s ! surfaces ( ! logs w be br\ght toge!r :5 ! ends are fitt$ ov] "o ano!r1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,select two fifte5-foot logs = ,! ,sills1 & set !m an in* or s into ! gr\nd1 p>allel to ea* o!r & t5 feet ap>t4 ,!n aft] cutt+ ! not*es 9 two ?irte5-foot logs1 fit !m ov] ! sills twelve in*es f ! ends4 ,! op5+ = ! fire-place mu/ be left 9 "o end ( ! cab91 s m>k out ^u ! end log ! wid? ( ?is op5+1 :i* %\ld be five feet1 & cut out ?is section ( x4 ,!n cut two bo>ds ?ree feet long1 ! height ( ! fire-place op5+1 & nail !m to ! ends ( ! log j cut4 ,^! bo>ds =m ! jambs ( ! op5+4 ,locate a ?ree-foot door op5+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! front sill-log1 & saw along ^! l9es to )9 two in*es ( ! gr\nd1 cutt+ out ! piece betwe54 ,! rema9+ two-in* piece w =m ! door-sill4 ,two pieces ( bo>d six feet six in*es long1 ! height ( ! door op5+1 %\ld n[ be cut = ! door-jambs & nail$ to ! ends ( ! sill-log 9 ! door op5+4 ,aft] te/+ ! jambs ) a plumb1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad1 ,*apt] ,i1 to see t !y are p]p5dicul>1 cont9ue lay+ ! side & end logs alt]nately4 ,fit ! logs betwe5 ! jambs & nail ! latt] to _! ends1 be+ c>eful n to get !m out ( plumb 9 do+ s4 ,above ! fire-place ! logs w1 ( c\rse1 be ( full l5g?1 & at a height ( f\r feet f\r in*es ! w9d[s w />t4 ,locate ! w9d[ op5+s tw5ty-six in*es wide ^u ! logs laid at ?is height1 ! "o opposite ! fire-place 9 ! c5tre ( ! wall1 & ! o!rs twelve in*es f ! corn]s4 ,cut ! jambs tw5ty-six in*es long1 &1 aft] sett+ !m 9 place1 cont9ue lay+ up ! logs1 fitt+ ! %ort] l5g?s betwe5 ! jambs z be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aib4--;,int]ior ( ,cab94 ,:5 ! desir$ height ( ! walls has be5 rea*$1 :i* ne$ n be m ?an sev5 feet1 y w be ready ,to con/ruct ! ,ro(4--,!re are sev]al ways ( do+ ?is1 b z simple z any is t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aib1 & 9 ! illu/ration ( ! f9i%$ cab94 ,9 lay+ ?is =m ( ro( ! end logs are plac$ "o above ! o!r1 b ea* ti] ( front & re> logs is set 9 a little f>!r ?an ! prec$+ pair1 until !y f9ally meet at ! peak ( ! ro(4 ,! ro(s ( cab9s are g5]ally ?at*$ or cov]$ ) b>k1 %+les1 or bo>ds4 ,! ?at*$ ro( is ! mo/ arti/ic1 & w la/ f t5 to fifte5 ye>s :5 prop]ly made2 b unless ! /raw is put on v ?ickly & closely wov51 x is likely to leak4 ,if y use %+les & expose ea* f\r & "o-half in*es to ! wea!r1 y w require ab\t sev5 qu>t]-?\s& bun*es = a ro( ( ?is size4 ,bo>ds w make ! mo/ simple & inexp5sive cov]+4 ,!y %\ld be put on z %[n 9 ! draw+ ( ! complet$ cab91 & 9 ,fig4 #aib4 ,a lay] ( bo>ds is fir/ nail$ across ! ro(-supports f\r in*es ap>t1 & o!r bo>ds !n lapp$ ov] ^! spaces & nail$ 9 place4 ,! ro( bo>ds %\ld project a few in*es ov] ! side walls & gable-ends ( ! cab94 ,:5 all ( ! bo>ds h be5 put 9 place1 x w be necess>y to f9i% (f ! ridge ) ,ridge ,bo>ds1 to prev5t wat] f leak+ ?r\gh ! ro( at t po9t4 ,z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aib1 ^! consi/ ( two bo>ds nail$ along ! ridge1 & ! edge ( "o nail$ to ! edge ( ! o!r4 ,x is n advisable to build ,a ,log ,*imney & ,fire-place ) ! int5tion ( us+ x1 = unless ! "w is v c>efully done & kept 9 repair1 !re is always dang] ( sett+ fire to ! cab94 ,b1 nev]!less1 x %\ld be built1 z x belongs to a cab9 & adds greatly to its picturesque appe>ance4 ,) l>ge logs build up ! *imney to a height ( five feet1 or two feet above ! fire-place op5+1 9 ! same mann] z y did ! cab9 walls1 fitt+ ! ends aga9/ ! logs ( ! ma9 /ructure4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done s9k a numb] ( /ones 9 front ( ! fire-place = a he>?1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #aij & #aib1 & also l9e ! bottom ( ! fire-place ) !m4 ,!n mix up "s clay & l9e ! back1 sides1 & jambs ( ! fire-place ) x f t5 to twelve in*es ?ick1 pack+ ! clay until x becomes solid4 ,! upp] "p ( ! *imney %\ld be made ( small] logs & /icks1 & ! inside ( ! flue l9$ ) clay z ! "w proce$s4 ,! ext]ior ( ! *imney w be se5 9 ! illu/ration ( ! f9i%$ cab94 ,:5 ! con/ruction ( ! cab9 has be5 complet$1 ,calk all ! ,spaces betwe5 ! logs ) clay & moss1 to keep out ! wea!r1 us+ a po9t$ /ick = ?is op]ation2 & grade ! gr\nd up to a po9t j bel[ ! l9e ( ! door-sill all ar\nd ! cab91 s t no surface-wat] w run )94 ,! f9i%+ ( ! int]ior ( ! cab9 n[ rema9s to be done4 ,by omitt+ a wood5 floor ! co/ ( mat]ial w be r$uc$ consid]ably1 & !re is really no?+ objectionable to ,a ,mud ,floor if x has be5 prop]ly prep>$4 ,! e>? %\ld be ?or\ghly dri$ out & pack$ d[n until h>d & compact1 & slightly bank$ up ar\nd ! walls4 ,! sills & heads ( ,! ,w9d[ ,op5+s & ! head ( ! door op5+ %\ld be cas$ ) bo>ds ! wid? ( ! jambs4 ,if y c secure sa% = ! w9d[s1 h+e !m to ! inside edges ( ! jambs z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aij1 & nail a sev5-eigh?s-in* w9d[-/op ar\nd ! jambs outside ( !m1 to prev5t ! w9d & ra9 f gett+ 9 ar\nd ! sa% 7see ,fig4 #aic74 ,if sa% _c be obta9$1 wood5 %utt]s made to fit ! op5+ w d v well1 z !y c be us$ at night & :5ev] y wi% to close up ! cab91 & :5 y are )9 ! cab9 9 ! summ] y w want ! w9d[s op54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aic4 ,aft] cutt+ bo>ds ( ! prop] l5g? = ,! ,cab9 ,door1 fa/5 !m toge!r ) batt5s plac$ at ! top1 bottom1 & c5tre 7see ,fig4 #aid74 ,!n h+e ! door to ! inside ( ! jamb ) ei!r iron /rap-h+es or ,wood5 ,h+es su* z are %[n 9 ,fig4 #aid4 ,to make a set ( wood5 h+es1 fir/ cut ?ree blocks ( wood f\r or five in*es long & nail !m to ! cab9 wall on a l9e ) ! ?ree door batt5s 7see ,a1 ,b1 & ,c 9 ,fig4 #aid74 ,!n prep>e ?ree pieces ( wood eighte5 in*es long & two in*es wide1 & bore a small hole ?r\gh "o end ( ea*1 z %[n at ,d 9 ,fig4 #aie4 ,:5 ^! h be5 made1 nail !m to ! door above ! batt5s s t :5 ! door is put 9 place _! ends w re/ on blocks ,a1 ,b1 & ,c4 ,locate ! holes 9 ! eighte5-in* /rips ^u ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 & bore holes ?r\gh ! blocks at ^! po9ts1 aft] :i* set ! door 9 place & fa/5 ! arms ( ! h+es to ! blocks1 ei!r ) bolts1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aid1 or ) h>dwood pegs cut to fit ! holes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aid4--,! ,cab9 ,door4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #aie-aii4--;,details ( ,cab9 ,door4 ,y w f9d ! old-fa%ion$ ,wood5 ,lat* & lat*-/r+ a v good & s]viceable fa/5+ = a cab9 door1 ! details = ! mak+ ( :i* are %[n 9 ,figs4 #aid1 #aif1 #aig1 #aih1 & #aii4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree pieces ( wood1--a /rip two feet long & two in*es wide = ! lat*1 ) ! ends r\nd$ & a hole bor$ ?r\gh x at ,e & ano!r at ,f1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aif2 a gu>d cut simil> to ,fig4 #aig1 ) a slot 9 x ab\t ?ree & "o-half in*es long & "o in* deep2 & a cat* simil> to ,fig4 #aih1 ) its upp] edge r\nd$ s ! lat* w easily slide into ! slot4 ,) ! pieces ?us prep>$ y w f9d x an easy matt] to fa/5 !m 9 ! places %[n 9 ,fig4 #aid4 ,! cat* is set into ! jamb ( ! door z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aih1 ! lat* is screw$ to ! door at ,e1 & ! gu>d is fa/5$ ov] ! lat* 9 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #aid4 ,! ,lat*-/r+ is fa/5$ to ! lat* at ,f1 & run ?r\gh a hole bor$ 9 ! door above ! top batt54 ,to ! outside end ( ! lat*-/r+ atta* a weight ( "s k9d to keep x f pull+ ?r\gh ! hole 7see ,fig4 #aii74 ,to lock ! door f ! inside1 y w f9d a wood5 button screw$ to ! door at ,g 7,fig4 #aid7 v good1 z x prev5ts ! lat* f be+ lift$1 :5 turn$ aga9/ x z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! w9d[s1 a sev5-eigh?s-in* /op %\ld be nail$ to ! door head & jambs outside ( ! door1 = ! door to sw+ aga9/1 & to keep out ! ra9 & w9d 7see ,fig4 #aic74 ,y w h ne$ ( b few pieces ( furniture )9 ! cab91 & ^? c be made v simple1 out ( mat]ial at h&4 ,a ,mantel-%elf out ( a bo>d five feet long %\ld be fa/5$ above ! fire-place by means ( ?ree triangul> brackets1 & x is a good idea to make y\r ,provision ,cupbo>d to sit ^u ?is1 z %[n 9 ! draw+ ( ! cab9 int]ior 7,fig4 #aib74 ,use a c\ple ( ! boxes 9 :i* y br+ y\r camp+ outfit = ?is4 ,set !m side by side1 z 9 ! illu/ration1 place a %elf or two )9 !m1 &1 aft] batt5+ ! cov] bo>ds toge!r1 atta* !m to ! ends ( ! boxes ) h+es cut out ( lea!r4 ,on ea* side ( ! fire-place a com=table ,ru/ic ,seat %\ld be built 9 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #aij & #aib4 ,! draw+s cle>ly %[ ! con/ruction ( ?is4 ,! two legs are driv5 well into ! gr\nd1 & a crosspiece is nail$ to _! tops to support ! /icks =m+ ! seat4 ,make ! top ( ! seat ab\t eighte5 in*es above ! gr\nd4 ,:ile a v com=table b$ may be made ^u ! gr\nd out ( p9e b\ghs1 x is well to h at lea/ ,two ,bunks = gue/s1 :o are almo/ c]ta9 to pay y a visit to see :at k9d ( a "t y are hav+1 & p]haps te/ y\r cook+4 ,^! bunks may be d\ble-deck$ & plac$ 9 ! corn] :]e !y w be pretty well out ( ! way 7see ,figs4 #aij & #aib74 ,two six-foot poles %\ld be driv5 into ! gr\nd ab\t ?irty in*es f ! wall1 & two cross poles not*$ & fitt$ on to !m z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aib1 "o six in*es above ! gr\nd & ! o!r ?ree feet above t4 ,cut a numb] ( s\nd /icks ab\t ?ree feet long & drive "o end ( ea* betwe5 ! logs ( ! wall & fa/5 ! o!r end to ! crosspiece opposite4 ,^! /icks %\ld be plac$ ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t4 ,9 putt+ up ?is framework make ev]y?+ v /rong & solid1 to prev5t any mi%aps to ! occupants4 ,! bunks %\ld n[ be cov]$ ) p9e b\ghs1 cut into small pieces & spread ov] ! /icks ev5ly & to a dep? ( two in*es4 ,:5 ^! h be5 prop]ly plac$1 spread a d\bl$ quilt or blanket ov] !m1 & ! bunks w be complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,two ,,simple ,,cab9s4 ,z we decid$ n to use our fire-place = fires1 ow+ to ! dang] ( sett+ fire to ! cab9 ?r\gh "s defects 9 ! workman%ip1 or ! crack+ ( ! clay l9+1 build y\r camp fire-place outside ( ! cab94 ,y w f9d x m enjoyable to also eat 9 ! op5 :5 ! wea!r p]mits1 s build ,a ,camp-table betwe5 ! trees = ?is purpose4 ,x may be made out ( two eight-in* bo>ds fa/5$ toge!r on ! "u side ) batt5s1 & support$ at "o end on a cleat nail$ across ! trunk ( a tree & at ! o!r on two poles driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,! height ( ?is table w be det]m9$ by ! height ( ! boxes1 /ools1 or :atev] y use = seats4 ,x is a simple matt] to make a long ru/ic seat on ea* side ( ! table1 & if ?is is done make !m eighte5 in*es high & ! table twelve in*es high]4 ,^? ( y :o h camp$ h probably _h en\gh exp]i5ce to "k :at ut5sils & provisions are requir$1 b ,a ,few ,po9t]s may be pr(itable to ! boy :o has nev] be5 initiat$ into camp life4 ,ut5sils ( ! commone/ k9d %\ld be tak5 along4 ,an old fry+-pan1 a c(fee-pot1 two wat] pails1 a t9 pan & wa%-bas91 t9 plates & dr9k+ cups1 "s old spoons1 knives1 & =ks1 a c-op5]1 & a jack-knife are ab\t all y w be 9 ne$ (4 ,among ,o!r ,necessities are blankets1 t[els1 di%-clo?s1 rags1 soap1 rope1 & /r+1 mat*es1 a lant]n1 & an axe1 a saw1 & nails4 ,= ,provisions1 take z mu* cann$ food z possible1 z x requires b little prep>ation1 is easily c>ri$1 & n likely to spoil4 ,bacon & eggs are1 ( c\rse1 to be includ$ 9 y\r li/1 z !y belong to a camp]'s bill o' f>e1 are v satisfy+ to a fell['s appetite :5 he has return$ to camp hungry aft] a day's tramp ?r\gh ! woods1 & a boy w h b little tr\ble 9 cook+ !m4 ,be sure y "k h[ to prep>e :atev] food y take along to cook1 be=e />t+ = camp1 & don't exp]im5t ^u di%es y h nev] attempt$1 or y w probably make a mess ( y\r mat]ials1 z is g5]ally ! case1 ! result ( :i* w n be fit to eat4 ,%\ld !re be fi%+ ne> ! site ( y\r camp1 le>n ! prop] prep>ation ( fi% = y\r table4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,h[ ,,to ,,build ,a ,,canvas ,,canoe ,illu/ration3 ,boys ,canoe+4 ,canoe+ is a mo/ delightful outdoor sport1 & "o ( ! heal?ie/ 9 :i* a boy c indulge dur+ 8 vacation days4 ,its popul>ity c pla9ly be se5 by visit+ any lake or /ream1 & not+ :at a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! small craft dott+ its surface are canoes ( v>i\s %apes & sizes1 paddl$ by boys ( all ages4 ,= spe$ & ! ease ) :i* x c be c>ri$ ab\t1 ! bir*-b>k canoe has no equal1 b v few boys own !m1 z !y are exp5sive1 & _! con/ruction is m difficult ?an ^? ( o!r mat]ial :i* w satisfy a boy fully z well4 ,! canvas canoe is m widely us$ at ! pres5t "t ?an any o!r =m1 :i* is no d\bt due to ! fact t x is v simple to make & keep 9 repair1 & ! co/ ( its mat]ial is small4 ,9 build+ a canvas canoe !re are two important ?+s to consid]1--its weight & /r5g?4 ,^! dep5d ^u ! mat]ial us$4 ,! framework mu/ be made /iff en\gh to hold its %ape1 z ! canvas adds b little to its /r5g?1 & at ! same "t ! wood %\ld be z light z possible4 ,!re are a great v>iety ( ,mat]ials f :i* to *oose = build+ ! framework1 among :i* basswood1 a%1 spruce1 & p9e may be class$4 ,! canoe describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ?is *apt] may h its ribs1 ribb&s1 & gunwales made out ( lattice-/rips & b>rel-hoops1 :i* w save ! co/ ( hav+ !m cut to ! "r size at a mill4 ,p9e or fir lattice-/rips ( good s\nd /uff are g5]ally easy to obta9 9 all locations4 ,,sizes ,,( ,,/rips ,,& ,,pieces ,,requir$ #a piece ( #b-;in* by #h-;in* plank #f feet long = b[ & /]n pieces4 #ae #b-;in* by #c_/h-;in* lattice /rips #ab feet long = ribb&s1 gunwales1 keel1 & bilge-keels4 #bj b>rel-hoops = ribs & deck braces4 #a /rip #h feet long1 #b in*es wide1 & #a in* ?ick = keelson4 #b /rips #d feet long1 #b in*es wide1 & #e_/h-;in* ?ick = deck ridge pieces4 #b /rips #h feet long1 #d in*es wide1 & #a_/d-;in* ?ick = cockpit frame & coam+4 ,sev]al #f-;in* & #h-;in* bo>ds f :i* to cut deck beams1 patt]ns1 etc4 ,copp] nails & brass screws %\ld be pur*as$ = fa/5+ ! framework toge!r1 & copp] tacks = putt+ on ! canvas4 ,iron nails w ru/ & break (f1 & !re=e %\ld n be us$ 9 any "p ( ! canoe's con/ruction4 ,use nails only :]e _! ends c be cl9*$1 & screws 9 all cases :]e ?is _c be done4 ,= cov]+ ! framework1 ?ree & "o-half y>ds ( canvas =ty in*es wide w be requir$ = ! l[] portion1 & ! same am\nt ?irty in*es wide w be requir$ = ! deck4 ,boil$ l9se$-oil %\ld be pur*as$ = fill+ ! canvas & ! be/ grade ( mix$ pa9t = pa9t+ x4 ,a drab1 or cream color & :ite trimm+s1 are bo? suitable = a canoe4 ,if ! latt] is us$1 buy :ite pa9t1 &1 aft] p\r+ out en\gh to cov] ! f9i%+ /rips1 mix ! re/ ) en\gh yell[ o*re to make a pretty %ade ( cream4 ,bel[ w be f\nd a bill ( ! mat]ial requir$ to build a canoe su* z ?is *apt] describes1 & al?\gh ! prices ( canvas & a few ( ! fitt+s are likely to fluctuate some:at1 ! price ( ! canoe %\ld n exce$ ?is am\nt1 & !re are locations :]e x may be less4 ,,bill ,,( ,,mat]ial #c-a_/b y>ds ,no4 #aj ,duck1 #cj in*es wide1 #bg c5ts #j4ie #c-a_/b y>ds ,no4 #aj ,duck1 #dj in*es wide1 #cf c5ts #a4bf #a-a_/b p\nds #a-;in* ,copp] ,nails1#cj c5ts 4#de #b p\nds #c_/h-;in* ,copp] ,tacks1 #ce c5ts 4#gj #b doz5 #c_/d-;in* ,brass ,screws 7,flat ,heads71 #g c5ts 4#ad #f doz5 #e_/h-;in* ,brass ,screws 7,flat ,heads71 #f c5ts 4#cf #c doz5 #e_/h-;in* ,brass ,screws 7,r\nd ,heads71 #f c5ts 4#ah #a_/b gallon ,boil$ ,l9se$-oil 4#be #a_/b gallon ,be/ ,quality ,mix$ ,pa9t 4#ge #ae ,lattice-/rips1 #ab feet long 4#ij #a ,piece ( #b-;in* by #h-;in* ,plank #f feet long 4#bj ,miscellane\s ,/rips & ,pieces 7see page #bjb7 4#ej ---- ,total co/ #f4fd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjj4--;,b[ & ,/]n ,pieces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bja4 ,hav+ procur$ ! necess>y mat]ial = ! canoe1 ! fir/ ?+s to make are ,! ,b[ & ,/]n ,pieces 7see ,fig4 #bjj74--,! prop] way ( lay+ ^! out on ! eight-in* plank is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bja4 ,fir/ cut ! plank 9 half1 & !n place ^! two pieces side by side ^u ! floor or "w-b5* z %[n 9 ! draw+ "o piece ^u :i* to draw ! patt]n1 & ! o!r ^u :i* to locate ! c5tre = draw+ ! curves4 ,!n squ>e ! l9e ,,ab across ! planks1 & locate ! po9ts ,d & ,e on ei!r side ( x1 by means ( ! measurem5ts giv5 ^u ! draw+4 ,! mo/ satisfactory s*eme = ,draw+ ! ,curves is ) a piece ( cord1 to "o end ( :i* a p5cil has be5 ti$ 7see ,fig4 #bja74 ,) ?is z y\r compass1 hold ! end ( ! cord at ,d = a c5tre1 & ) a radius ( t5 & "o-qu>t] in*es /rike an arc cutt+ ! l9e ,,ab z at ,c4 ,c is n[ ! requir$ c5tre = draw+ ! curves4 ,drive a small nail into ! plank at ,c1 & w9d ! end ( ! compass cord ar\nd x until ! correct l5g? ( radius is obta9$ 7see draw+74 ,describe ! arc ,,de ) a radius equal to ,,cd1 or t5 & "o-qu>t] in*es4 ,!n ) a rul] lay (f along ! l9e ,,ab ! di/ances = ! o!r arcs1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,,fg w be two in*es f ,,de1 ,,hi an in* & "o-half f ,,fg1 & ,,jk an in* & "o-qu>t] f ,,hi4 ,hav+ locat$ ^! po9ts & describ$ ! arcs1 draw ! l9es ,,cd & ,,ce1 ext5d+ !m s z to cut (f ! arcs1 z 9 ! draw+4 ,at ! upp] end ( ! patt]n draw ! l9e ,,lm "o in* f & p>allel to ,,fd4 ,) a radius ( an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s & ! c5tre ,n describe an arc z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,at ! l[] end ( ! patt]n draw ! l9e ,,op two in*es f & p>allel to ,,gk1 & ! l9e ,,qr "o in* f & p>allel to ,,pk4 ,hav+ c>efully drawn out ?is patt]n1 turn ov] ! plank & draw ! same ?+ ^u x1 locat+ ! po9ts exactly opposite "o ano!r1 by squ>+ l9es across ! sides & edge4 ,prep>e ! o!r piece ( plank simil>ly4 ,to cut out ! patt]ns1 place !m 9 ! vise ( y\r "w-b5*1 "o at a "t1 & rabbet ! surfaces betwe5 ,,de & ,,fg1 & ,,fg & ,,hi1 z %[n 9 ! section draw+1 ,fig4 #bjb4 ,?is done rev]se ! piece & d ! same to t side4 ,:5 ^! surfaces h be5 tru$ up c>efully1 remove ! piece f ! vise & saw ! patt]n f x4 ,9 do+ ?is1 fir/ saw along ! l9es ,,dj & ,,ek1 & cut out ! corn]s ,,flmd & ,,pqrk4 ,!n foll[ r\ghly ! curves ( l9es ,,de & ,,jp1 aft] :i* place ! "w 9 ! vise & trim !m (f nicely ) a draw-knife1 r\nd+ ! out] curve z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bjb4 ,! portion ,,oqrg %\ld be cut d[n to a pla9 surface z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjb4--,section ?r\gh ,b[ & ,/]n ,pieces4 ,) ! b[ & /]n pieces complet$1 ! mo/ difficult "p ( y\r "w has be5 accompli%$4 ,n[ pick out ! eight-foot /rip procur$ = ,! ,keelson4--,squ>e (f ! ends s t x is exactly eight feet long1 & !n1 comm5c+ six in*es f "o end1 lay (f mortises = ! ribs 7see ,fig4 #bjc74 ,^! mortises %\ld be cut half an in* deep & ! wid? ( ! b>rel-hoops1 & _! c5tres %\ld be spac$ twelve in*es ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjc4--,! ,keelson4 ,9 ord] to give ! correct %ape to ! canoe 9 putt+ ! framework toge!r1 x w be necess>y to make ,a ,m\ld simil> to ,fig4 #bjd4 ,fa/5 toge!r two bo>ds ab\t two feet long ) batt5s1 z %[n 9 ! draw+1 & ) a piece ( cord to :i* a p5cil has be5 atta*$ describe a semicircle ^u x1 us+ a radius ( elev5 & "o-half in*es4 ,saw out ! m\ld c>efully1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ! bottom cut a mortise two in*es by "o-half = ! keelson to fit 94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjd4--,! ,m\ld4 ,ev]y?+ %\ld n[ be 9 read9ess ,to put ! ,framework toge!r4--,9 ord] to give ! keelson ! prop] slope ( "o in* betwe5 its c5tre & ends1 nail two blocks ( wood "o in* ?ick to ! "w-b5* eight feet ap>t1 & re/ ! ends ( ! keelson ^u !m4 ,!n fa/5 ! ends ( ! keelson 9 ! mortises cut 9 ! bottom ( ! b[ & /]n pieces4 ,set ! m\ld :i* y h prep>$ ov] ! exact c5tre ( ! keelson1 & fa/5 x 9 place tempor>ily4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done take two lattice-/rips = ,! ,gunwales1 & aft] locat+ ! exact c5tre ( ea*1 screw !m at ?is po9t to ! ends ( ! m\ld j bel[ ! top4 ,drive ^! screws b "p way 91 z ! m\ld is to be remov$ lat] on4 ,comm5c+ at ! b[ end ( ! canoe1 draw ! end ( "o gunwale to ! b[ piece1 &1 aft] m>k+ x ! correct l5g? cut x (f s x w fit nicely 9 ! rabbet cut 9 ! side ( ! b[ piece4 ,!n screw ! o!r end to ! /]n piece1 aft] :i* atta* ! gunwale on ! opposite side 9 ! same way 7see ,figs4 #bjj1 #bje1 & #bjf74 ,n[ take ! b>rel-hoops :i* are to be us$ = ribs1 & fa/5 !m 9 ! mortises cut = !m 9 ! keelson1 b5d+ _! ends until !y come inside ( ! gunwales4 ,!n fa/5 !m to ! gunwales & trim _! ends s z to be ev5 ) ! top ( ! canoe 7see ,figs4 #bje & #bjf74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bje4--,top ,view ( ,canoe1 %[+ ,gunwales1 ,ribs1 & ,ribb&s 9 place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjf4--,side ,view ( ,canoe1 %[+ ,framework complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjg4--,top ,view ( ,canoe1 %[+ ,framework complet$4 ,aft] fa/5+ ! ribs 9 place1 ,! ,ribb&s %\ld be put on4 ,pick out eight ( ! s\nde/ lattice-/rips y h1 & fa/5 ^! at _! c5tre to ! sides ( ! m\ld1 plac+ f\r on ea* side ( ! keelson & spac+ !m at equal di/ances4 ,z ! m\ld is only tempor>y1 d n fa/5 ! ribb&s to x securely1 b drive 9 ! nails "p way4 ,!n1 beg9n+ at ! b[1 draw ! ends ( ! ribb&s to ! b[ piece "o at a "t1 & cut !m (f s !y w fit neatly into ! rabbet4 ,screw !m 9 place1 be+ c>eful to space !m z equally z possible1 aft] :i* atta* ! /]n ends 9 ! same way4 ,figure #bje %[s ! top view ( ! canoe at ?is /age ( its con/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bjh-baa4--;,details ( ,deck ,beam & ,ridge4 ,! ,deck ,beams %\ld n[ be made & put 9 place1 "o ea* side ( ! cockpit1 or f\rte5 in*es f ! c5tre ( ! canoe 7see ,fig4 #bjg74 ,at ?is po9t measure ! exact di/ance betwe5 ! gunwales1 & lay x (f ^u a f\r-in* bo>d 7see ,fig4 #bjh74 ,! top ( ?is piece %\ld be curv$ z %[n 9 ! draw+1 & a mortise two in*es wide by five-eigh?s ( an in* deep %\ld be cut 9 ! edge = ! deck ridge pieces to fit 94 ,z a means ( prev5t+ ! gunwales f spread+1 x is be/ to dovetail ! ends ( ! deck beams into !m 7see ,fig4 #bjg74 ,cut a tongue half an in* long & half an in* ?ick on ea* end ( ! beams1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bji1 und]cutt+ x slightly1 z 9 ! draw+1 to make x w$ge-%ap$4 ,!n1 hav+ prep>$ ! ends1 place ! beams 9 ! positions !y w occupy 9 ! framework1 & m>k ^u ! top ( ! gunwales ! %ape ( ! tongues4 ,mortise ! gunwales at ^! po9ts 7,fig4 #baj71 s ! tongues c be slipp$ into !m & fa/5$ 9 place4 ,by exam9+ ! corn]s ( a draw] y w see cle>ly h[ ! dovetail jo9t is made4 ,! ,ridge ,pieces are /rips runn+ f ! deck beams to ! b[ & /]n pieces 7see ,figs4 #bjf & #bjg74 ,= ?is canoe1 !y %\ld be made out ( a /rip two in*es wide by five-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,cut !m ( correct l5g? to rea* f ! mortises 9 ! tops ( ! deck beams to ! mortises cut 9 ! tops ( ! b[ & /]n pieces4 ,mortises two in*es wide & a qu>t] in* deep %\ld be cut along ! top ( ^! ridges1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #baa1 to receive ! deck braces4 ,securely screw ! ridges 9 place4 ,!n cut twelve pieces ( b>rel-hoops = ,! ,deck ,braces1 & fit !m 9 ! mortises made 9 ! ridge pieces4 ,screw ^! 9 place & b5d _! ends until !y c be fa/5$ to ! inside face ( ! gunwales4 ,! curve ( ^! braces %\ld be ! same z t ( ! deck beams1 s x w be possible to put on ! deck canvas neatly 7see ,figs4 #bjf & #bjg74 ,! space betwe5 ! deck beams is left = ,! ,cockpit1 ! frame = :i* we are n[ ready to prep>e4 ,fir/ remove ! m\ld1 be+ c>eful t ! framework does n spread 9 do+ s4 ,!n cut two two-in* /rips to fit betwe5 ! deck beams1 & fa/5 "o on ea* side ( ! cockpit two in*es f ! gunwale 7see ,fig4 #bjg74 ,:5 ?is has be5 done take ! /rip eight feet long1 f\r in*es wide1 & "o-qu>t] in* ?ick1 procur$ = ! cockpit frame1 & b5d x ar\nd ! op5+1 fa/5+ x to ! sides ( ! deck beams & ! side /rips4 ,! top edge ( ! frame %\ld n[ be %av$ (f ) a draw-knife1 s t x w be on a l9e ) ! deck braces at e po9t 7see ,fig4 #bjf74 ,?is is necess>y 9 ord] to make ! curve ( ! deck ar\nd ! cockpit ! same z else:]e4 ,! framework ( ! canoe is n[ complet$1 & %\ld be pa9t$ & left to dry be=e y g on ) ! re/ ( ! "w4 ,x is no easy matt] to /ret* ,! ,canvas ,cov]+ ov] ! framework )\t hav+ x wr9kle1 b ) ! help ( a boy fri5d x c be /ret*$ fairly ev51 & ) c>e & pati5ce may be made to look neat4 ,turn ! framework bottom side up &1 aft] f9d+ ! c5tre ( ! =ty-in* /rip ( canvas1 lay x along ! keelson f b[ to /]n4 ,smoo? x ov] ! surface ) y\r h&s1 & />t a few tacks along ! keelson to hold x 9 place4 ,z a means ( keep+ ! canvas /ret*$ ov] ! bottom ( ! framework :ile work+ ^u x1 atta* sev]al weights to ! edges2 !n1 ) y\r help] on ! side opposite y1 comm5ce at ! middle rib & /ret* ! canvas d[n t rib to ! gunwales1 />t+ a c\ple ( tacks 9 ! gunwales to hold x 9 place4 ,!n "w along ea* rib f ! c5tre ( ! framework t[>d ! b[1 & !n f ! c5tre t[>d ! /]n1 /ret*+ ! canvas z tightly z possible1 & driv+ tacks along ! gunwales n f>!r ?an "o in* ap>t4 ,y w f9d t ! only way to get ! canvas on smoo?ly is by remov+ ! tacks :]ev] any wr9kles appe> &1 aft] re/ret*+ x1 replac+ ! tacks4 ,z ! tacks w probably h to be remov$ a numb] ( times dur+ ! op]ation1 x is advisable to drive !m 9 b a little way at fir/4 ,x is mo/ difficult to make a neat job at ! b[ & /]n1 & a few wr9kles w probably rema91 no matt] h[ mu* pa9s are tak5 9 fitt+ ! canvas1 on acc\nt ( ! n>r[+ ( ! canoe at ^! po9ts4 ,fill ! out] mortise made 9 ! b[ & /]n pieces ) pa9t1 &1 aft] fold+ ! edges ( ! canvas1 tack x 9 ^! mortises4 ,place ! tacks z close z _! heads w p]mit1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! pa9t1 w make a jo9t t wat] _c p5etrate4 ,n[ exam9e ! canoe c>efully1 &1 if y h smoo!d out ! wr9kles z mu* z possible1 drive home ! tacks & trim ! canvas close to ! gunwales4 ,! ,deck is mu* easi] to cov]4 ,spread ! piece ( ?irty-in* canvas ov] x f b[ to /]n1 ) ! c5tre ( ! canvas runn+ along ! c5tre ( ! deck1 & place a tack 9 x at ! b[ & ano!r at ! /]n4 ,/ret* ! canvas 9 ! same mann] z :5 cov]+ ! bottom ( ! framework1 & lap x ov] ! gunwales1 tack+ x along ! out] edge4 ,cut ?r\gh ! canvas at ! cockpit1 & trim x (f s !re w be j en\gh to lap ar\nd ! cockpit frame4 ,trim ! canvas along ! gunwales s t x does n project m ?an an in*4 ,aft] ! deck has be5 cov]$1 ! canoe is ready = ,pa9t+4--,a coat ( l9se$-oil %\ld fir/ be appli$ to ! canvas1 to fill ! pores & make a good f\ndation = ! pa9t4 ,!n all[ ! canvas to dry ?or\ghly1 aft] :i* give x a coat ( pa9t1--cream1 or :atev] color y h select$4 ,:5 ?is has dri$1 rub x d[n ) pumice-/one or f9e em]y-pap]1 & apply a second coat4 ,all t n[ rema9s to complete ! canoe is ! atta*m5t ( ! cockpit coam+1 ! keel1 bilge-keels1 & ! outside gunwales4 ,take ! /rip eight feet long1 f\r in*es wide1 & "o-qu>t] in* ?ick1 :i* y procur$ = ,! ,cockpit ,coam+1 b5d x ar\nd ! frame ( ! pit1 & cut (f ! ends s !y w jo9 neatly4 ,!n fa/5 x to ! cockpit frame1 all[+ two in*es to project above ! deck1 & %ave (f ! top edge ! same z y did ! cockpit frame1 s x w be two in*es above ! deck at e po9t4 ,= a small canoe built = paddl+ only1 x is unnecess>y to h any?+ m ?an a /rip fa/5$ to ! bottom = ,! ,keel4--,s cut a lattice-/rip eight feet 9 l5g?1 & screw x along ! bottom ( ! keelson 7see ,fig4 #bab74 ,! ,bilge-keels are lattice-/rips fa/5$ along ! sides ( ! canoe z a protection to ! canvas1 & %\ld be atta*$ directly ov] ! ribb&s4 ,"o ( ^! on ! c5tre ribb& ( ea* side w be suffici5t 7see ,fig4 #bab74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bab4--,! ,canvas ,canoe complet$4 ,= a f9i% to ! upp] edge ( ! canoe1 ,outside ,gunwales %\ld be atta*$ outside ( ! pres5t ones4 ,^! w cov] ! jo9t betwe5 ! canvas ( ! deck & ! l[] portion ( ! framework4 ,all ( ^! outside /rips %\ld be fa/5$ 9 place ) ! r\nd-head$ screws1 aft] :i* !y %\ld be pa9t$4 ,figure #bab %[s ! canoe complet$4 ,a ,seat is desirable = ! bottom ( ! canoe1 = com=t z well z to prev5t y\r feet f we>+ out ! canvas4 ,?is seat %\ld be movable1 s x may be tak5 out to dra9 ! wat] f ! bottom ( ! canoe1 & may be made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bac4 ,batt5 toge!r two six-in* bo>ds ^u _! "u face & not* ! two side edges to fit ov] ! ribs ( ! framework 7see ,fig4 #bjg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bac4--,seat4 ,9 ord] to keep y\r canoe 9 good condition1 d n all[ x to rema9 9 ! wat] = any l5g? ( "t :5 n us+ x1 z ! canvas w\ld soon rot by do+ s4 ,aft] a sp91 pull x out ( ! wat]1 & turn x upside d[n to dry2 !n put x away "u cov] to rema9 until aga9 want$ = use4 ,) ! greate/ ( c>e a boy w puncture 8 canoe once 9 a :ile1 s x is a good idea = him to "k ,h[ to m5d ,punctures4--,!re are sev]al ways ( do+ ?is1 b ! be/ is by ei!r sew+ a piece ( canvas ov] ! puncture & !n pa9t+ x ) :ite lead1 or daub+ ! canvas ar\nd ! hole ) v>ni%1 & !n lay+ a canvas pat* ov] x & v>ni%+ x4 ,! mak+ ( a well-%ap$ paddle is no easy matt] = an amateur to accompli%1 s x is advisable = a boy to procure ,a ,h&-made ,s+le ,paddle1 su* z c be b\ght = a doll> & a half4 ,?is is g5]ally made ( select$ spruce1 ) a copp]-tipp$ end1 & is nicely f9i%$4 ,! l5g? ( ! paddle w dep5d ^u ! size ( ! boy :o is go+ to use x1 b %\ld be betwe5 f\r feet six in*es & five feet4 ,x may be well to w>n ^? :o build canvas canoes ab\t ! ease ) :i* !y are ov]turn$4 ,z long z ! boy rema9s seat$ he is p]fectly safe1 b ! mom5t he attempts to *ange 8 position1 he ne$ n be surpris$ if he receives a duck+4 ,upsets are common 9 canoe-rac+1 & especially 9 a close f9i%1 :]e "o paddl] aft] ano!r ov]balances himself 9 8 ef=ts to beat out 8 companions4 ,b ^! only add to ! fun ( su* a race1 & no h>m is done if ! canoei/ prep>es = !m be=eh& by putt+ on 8 ba?+ suit4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,home-,,made ,,traps ,illu/ration3 ,boys ,trapp+4 ,trapp+ & trap-mak+ is1 & probably always w be1 a pa/ime :i* e boy enjoys4 ,if he lives 9 ! c\ntry or ne> ! woods he is sure to gr[ fond ( ! wild creatures ar\nd him1 & sp5d "s "t 9 foll[+ _! tracks & wat*+ _! ways & habits4 ,if he is a city boy he may n h ^! advantages1 b is probably j z mu* int]e/$ 9 ! /udy ( birds & animals z 8 c\ntry c\s9 is1 & :5 ! opportunity pres5ts itself w slip (f to ! ne>e/ woods to sp5d ! day ) 8 little fri5ds1 & p]haps c>ry "o or two back home to %>e city life ) him4 ,:5 boys wi% to trap animals = pets1 or = eat+ :ile camp+1 or :5 !y h become s num]\s 9 a locality z to be a nuisance1 x c be consid]$ clean sport2 b z soon z !y beg9 to trap & kill !m j = ! fun ( x1 )\t d]iv+ any good :atev] f ! act1 !y are guilty ( a great cruelty4 ,! v>i\s =ms & s*emes = home-made traps t h be5 devis$1 & :i* are to be f\nd 9 use by boys all ov] ! c\ntry1 are c\ntless1 b !re are ( c\rse a numb] ( ^! :i* are m effective ?an o!rs1 & "s :i* h ga9$ m favor among boys4 ,sev]al ye>s ago ! au?or wrote an article ^u traps1 & has s9ce be5 m ?an pleas$ to note ! success boys h _h 9 mak+ & us+ !m4 ,) a few additions1 ! same s*emes h be5 embodi$ 9 ?is *apt]1 & x is hop$ t ! sev]al k9ds ( sn>es & traps w prove z satisfy+ to ! majority ( boy trapp]s4 ,!y are all simple to make1 require b ! mat]ial ord9>ily at h&1 & are effective = mo/ ( ! small] species ( animals1 & _m v>ieties ( birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bad4--,/ick = ! ,figure-f\r ,trap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bae4--,! ,figure-f\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #baf4--,! ,figure-f\r ,trap set4 ,"o ( ! olde/ =ms ( traps1 & "o ( :i* e boy %\ld und]/& ! con/ruction1 is ,! ,figure-f\r ,trap4--,x is ab\t ! simple/ example1 & its pr9ciple w be f\nd 9 ! s*emes ( a great _m ( ! m complicat$ traps4 ,= ?is ! prep>ation ( ?ree /icks1 su* z are %[n 9 ,fig4 #bad1 w be necess>y4 ,^! /icks may be made ( any l5g? y wi%1 b _! proportion %\ld be ab\t z %[n 9 ! draw+s4 ,! illu/rations %[ cle>ly h[ ! /icks %\ld be not*$1 & h[ "o end ( ! trigg] %\ld be tap]$ = ! bait4 ,fig4 #bae w expla9 ! mann] 9 :i* ^! /icks are plac$ toge!r 9 ! =m ( a figure-f\r4 ,! re/ ( ! trap consi/s ( a soap-or crack]-box ) ! cov] h+$ to x4 ,to set ! trap1 place ! box ^u ! gr\nd1 cov] d[n1 & re/ its upp] edge ^u ! top ( ! figure-f\r1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #baf4 ,:5 putt+ ! figure-f\r toge!r1 x is necess>y to hold ! /icks until ! box is set ^u !m1 z ! weight is requir$ to hold !m 9 position4 ,= squirrels & rabbits1 = :i* ?is trap is v good1 bait ! trigg] ) a c>rot1 piece ( apple1 or cabbage leaf4 ,x is easy to see t ! slighte/ nibble at ! bait w dis>range ! /icks1 & cause ! box to drop ov] ! game4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bag-bai4--;,a ,box ,trap4 ,9 ,fig4 #bag is %[n an inv5tion ( ! writ]'s1 a simplifi$ =m ( ! mu*-us$ ,box ,trap1 hav+ ! pr9ciple ( ! figure-f\r involv$ 9 its trigg]4 ,?is trap has prov5 exceptionally good = rabbits & squirrels4 ,a small box ab\t ! size ( a crack]-or soap-box %\ld be procur$ = ! mak+ ( ?is trap4 ,remove "o end1 &1 aft] nail+ x to ! cov] bo>ds1 h+e ! latt] to ! end ( ! box1 z %[n 9 ! illu/rations 7,figs4 #bag & #bah74 ,) no h+es at h&1 ! writ] has f\nd sev]al nails driv5 ?r\gh ! ends ( ! cov] bo>ds suffici5t to hold ! cov] :ile op5+ & clos+ x4 ,bore two holes1 "o ov] ! o!r1 9 ! back ( ! box1 & cut out ! space betwe54 ,?is makes a rectangul> slot 7see ,d 9 ,fig4 #bah74 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 take a /ick ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 &1 aft] tap]+ "o end1 nail x to ! box cov]1 all[+ ! tap]$ end to project ab\t n9e in*es4 ,!n prep>e a trigg] twelve in*es long1 simil> to ,fig4 #bai4 ,! trap is n[ ready to set1 :i* is done by slipp+ ! trigg] into ! slot at ,d &1 aft] bait+ x at ,c1 cat*+ ! not* ,b on to ! box at ! top ( ! slot1 at ! same "t fitt+ /ick ,e into ! not* at ,a 7see cross section1 ,fig4 #bah74 ,! weight ( ! cov] w n[ hold ! trigg] 9 place until bunny1 or "s "o ( 8 neighbors1 attacks ! invit+ bait4 ,!n ! trigg] w loos5 its hold at ,b1 & cause ! cov] to fall ov] ! intrud]4 ,a few holes may be bor$ 9 ! side ( ! box = v5tilation1 b ^!1 z well z ! slot 9 ! back1 %\ld be protect$ ) t91 to prev5t y\r captive f gnaw+ ! op5+s l>ge en\gh to escape4 ,! ,dead ,fall is a trap commonly us$ = skunks1 m9ks1 muskrats1 & coons1 & probably _c be excell$ z a means ( kill+ (f de/ructive & annoy+ animals4 ,figure #bbj %[s a =m ( ?is trap :i* has be5 successfully employ$4 ,fir/ make a p5 out ( /akes driv5 well into ! gr\nd 9 ! =m ( a wigwam4 ,?is is a gu>d = ! bait1 & %\ld be op5 on "o side only1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,place a %ort log 9 front ( ! op5+1 & at bo? ends ( ?is drive a /ake aga9/ ! out] face ( ! log1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,!n procure a log ( ! same diamet]1 & ab\t six feet long1 & slip x betwe5 ^! /akes & ! wigwam1 s x falls ^u ! fir/ log4 ,cut a =k$ /ick ab\t twelve in*es long = ! bait-/ick1 not*+ "o end & tap]+ ! o!r1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bba1 & cut ano!r /ick tw5ty-f\r in*es long & flatt5 x at bo? ends4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bba4--,! ,bait-/ick4 ,,fig4 #bbj4--,! ,dead ,fall4 ,to set ! dead fall1 raise an end ( ! upp] log & slip "o end ( ! flatt5$ /ick "u x1 re/+ x ^u ! top ( ! /ake outside ( ! log4 ,place ! bait-/ick1 po9t d[nw>d1 inside ( ! p5 ^u a *ip ( wood1 & set ! o!r end ( ! flatt5$ /ick 9 ! not* 7see illu/ration74 ,! bait-/ick %\ld n[ be 9 su* a position t ! log above x w fall :5 ! bait is tackl$1 & /rike its victim on ! head or neck ) suffici5t =ce to kill x4 ,= bait+ ?is trap1 use "s food ( :i* ! animal is p>ticul>ly fond4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbb4--,! ,coop ,trap4 ,! ,sieve ,trap4--,?is is a mo/ simple =m ( trap1 consi/+ ( a sieve & a %ort /ick ) :i* to prop up "o side ( x4 ,fa/5 a long cord to ! /ick1 &1 aft] scatt]+ gra9 b5ea? ! sieve1 c>ry ! end ( ! cord to a place ( concealm5t to await ! appe>ance ( "s birds4 ,z soon z ^! are attract$ by ! gra91 & beg9 fe$+ "u ! sieve1 pull ! cord & !y w be y\r prison]s4 ,! ,coop ,trap1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #bbb1 c be us$ = trapp+ ! l>g] v>iety ( birds4 ,?is is well kn[n z an effective trap = wild turkeys4 ,x consi/s ( a numb] ( /icks pil$ up 9 ! =m ( a pyramid & ti$ toge!r z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bbb4 ,dig away en\gh ( ! gr\nd "u "o side ( ! coop to all[ a bird to ent]1 & !n scatt] "s gra9 inside & a little 9 ! entrance to attract ! birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbe4 ,,fig4 #bbf4 ,,fig4 #bbd4 ,,fig4 #bbc4 ,a ,rabbit ,sn>e & ,twit*-up4 ,x may seem /range to ! read]1 b x is nev]!less a fact1 t1 aft] ent]+ ! coop1 a bird w try to fly out ( ! top1 & w rema9 !re until />v$ to dea?1 if n releas$1 )\t attempt+ to escape by ! way x ent]$4 ,a ,rabbit ,sn>e4--,?is c be us$ to ! be/ advantage aft] ! fir/ sn[fall1 = ! footpr9ts ( a rabbit are !n easy to foll[4 ,bunny c be c\nt$ ^u keep+ 9 ! same pa? to & f 8 burr[1 & a sn>e set 9 ! c5tre ( 8 pa? is pretty c]ta9 to cat* him be=e v long4 ,! sn>e %\ld be made ( a piece ( s(t wire ab\t two feet long4 ,make a noose 9 "o end ab\t f\r in*es 9 diamet]1 & fa/5 ! o!r end to a bran* project+ ov] ! pa? 7see ,fig4 #bbc74 ,?is noose is commonly atta*$ to :at is kn[n z ,a ,twit*-up1 or a sapl+ b5t d[n & held z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bbd4 ,"o ( a numb] ( s*emes employ$ = hold+ ! sapl+ 9 position is "h %[n4 ,select a spot a few feet f a sapl+1 & !re make an enclosure ab\t twelve in*es 9 diamet]4 ,?is %\ld be made ( twelve-in* /icks driv5 into ! gr\nd 9 a circle1 leav+ an op5+ ( ab\t six in*es on "o side4 ,drive a /ake into ! gr\nd on bo? sides ( ! entrance1 & cut a not* 9 ! out] face ( ea* ab\t six in*es above ! gr\nd 7see ,fig4 #bbe74 ,f9d a twig some:at simil> to ! "o 9 ,fig4 #bbf1 &1 aft] slipp+ x into ! not*es & bait+ ! prong1 fa/5 ! noose & sapl+ to x4 ,) ! trap ?us set1 a slight pull on ! bait dislodges ! crosspiece1 & ! sapl+ spr+s up1 j]k+ ! animal into ! air1 & caus+ its dea? almo/ in/antly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,caught ,,at ,,la/4 ,ran*]s ( ! ,we/]n pla9s & m\nta9s are cont9ually exp]i5c+ sev]e losses f ! attacks ( wolves & coyotes ^u _! live-/ock1 & to rid !mselves f ! nightly raids ( ^! animals requires unceas+ w>f>e aga9/ !m ) traps4 ,b ! wolf & coyote are v crafty fell[s1 & extremely ke5-sc5t$1 s t ev5 pr(essional trapp]s h tr\ble 9 captur+ !m1 (t5 resort+ to e s*eme !y c devise )\t success4 ,/eel traps are g5]ally employ$ by ! pr(essional1 z !y are less cumb]some & quick] to set ?an ! home-made affairs4 ,! traps are h&l$ ) gloves1 z ! t\* ( ! b>e h&s w\ld be in/antly detect$ by ! w>y animals1 &1 aft] be+ plac$ 9 a circle ar\nd ! bait1 are cov]$ ov] ) leaves & bru%4 ,9 ord] n to leave human footpr9ts beh9d him1 ! trapp] (t5 sets !m :ile m\nt$ ^u horseback4 ,n long ago1 a trapp] 0 hir$ by a ran*] 9 ,new ,mexico to capture "s ,loboe wolves :i* _h be5 mak+ s]i\s raids ^u ! cattle1 & "o ( 8 exp]i5ces :ile work+ !re 0 some:at laughable1 ?\gh probably n se5 9 t way by all ! p>ties conc]n$4 ,us+ a dead calf = bait1 ! trapp] dragg$ x to a select$ spot1 & !re surr\nd$ x by eight or t5 traps1 :i* he *a9$ fa/ to /akes1 & c>efully hid f view4 ,sett+ out to visit ! traps z usual1 on ! foll[+ morn+1 he m\nt$ a knoll f :i* he c\ld see ! location ( ! bait1 & !re pla9ly made out t a numb] ( 8 traps _h be5 sprung & 7 occupi$4 ,b ^u rea*+ ! spot1 8 surprise & disgu/ c be imag9$ :5 he f\nd a dog 9 "o trap & a bad-temp]$ ,indian held fa/ by ! clut*es ( ?ree o!rs4 ,aft] releas+ ! captives1 ! trapp] ga!r$ f ! ,indian's half-brok5 ,engli% t he _h be5 rid+ by on ! previ\s night1 & 8 dog _h w&]$ f ! trail & sprung a trap4 ,he _h !n dism\nt$ to release ! animal1 b _h n tak5 m ?an half a doz5 /eps be=e 8 foot became clut*$ 9 a trap1 ! =ce ( :i* ?rew him =w>d1 &1 9 try+ to break 8 fall ) 8 out/ret*$ h&s1 ea* became securely clut*$ 9 traps4 ,=tunately no wolves made _! appe>ance1 & ! c\ple 7 unh>m$2 b ! ,indian no d\bt sp5t a sleepless & uncom=table night 9 ! position he 0 =c$ to occupy4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,toy ,,guns1 ,,t>gets1 ,,& ,,b[s ,,& ,,arr[s ,illu/ration3 ,boys at ,t>get ,practise ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bbg-bcj4--;,examples ( ,anci5t ,guns4 ,"s ( ! old w> eng9es us$ 9 ,europe be=e ! introduction ( gunp[d] 7 mo/ +5i\sly contriv$1 & 7 wond]fully effective1 consid]+ t _! projective =ce 0 obta9$ by means ( spr+s & lev]s4 ,x is h>d to f9d _m good examples1 z au?orities h badly confus$ !m1 b ! writ] has be5 =tunate 9 secur+ draw+s ( :at he believes to be pure types ( ! mo/ commonly us$ guns4 ,^! are reproduc$ on page #bcj1 believ+ t ! av]age boy w be int]e/$ to see ! k9d ( weapons t 7 employ$ 9 w>f>e c5turies ago4 ,) a little /udy1 ! work+ ( ^! guns w be cle>ly und]/ood )\t fur!r explanation ?an :at is giv5 ^u ! draw+s4 ,! catapult 7,fig4 #bbg7 & ! trebu*et 7,fig4 #bbh7 7 us$ = /orm+ =tifications1 & ea* hurl$ l>ge /ones4 ,! trebu*et 0 a mu* lat] inv5t$ ma*9e ?an ! catapult1 &1 be+ built on a mu* l>g] scale1 0 m p[]ful4 ,x is claim$ t trebu*ets 7 (t5 built l>ge en\gh to hurl c>casses ( horses into an enemy's =tifications4 ,! balli/a 7,fig4 #bbi7 0 9 reality a l>ge cross-b[1 built to %oot long1 heavy bolts or arr[s4 ,! illu/ration %[s a =m m\nt$ ^u :eels = field s]vice4 ,! cross-b[ 7,fig4 #bcj7 0 a weapon us$ by ! foot-soldi]s ( a numb] ( ,european c\ntries4 ,x 0 9 use 9 ,engl& = "s "t1 b1 on acc\nt ( ! t]rible w\nds inflict$ by its %ort b>b$ arr[s1 0 f9ally =bidd5 & sup]s$$ by ! long-b[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bca-bcc4--;,a ,cross-b[4 ,"s ideas = ! mak+ ( toy %ot-guns & pi/ols1 work$ by spr+s & lev]s mu* ! same z ! anci5t guns1 w be appreciat$ by ! boy :o is d5i$ ! use ( fire>ms4 ,! s*emes illu/rat$ & describ$ on ! foll[+ pages w be f\nd easy to c>ry out1 & su* z w furni% enjoym5t = _m a day 9 ! woods or back-y>d4 ,figure #bca %[s a new idea = ,a ,cross-b[4--,! /ock = ?is %\ld be cut out ( a tongu$-&-groov$ bo>d1 ) ! groove runn+ along ! top1 & a mortise %\ld be made at ,a 9 :i* to set ! trigg]4 ,?is mortise %\ld be ab\t two in*es long & z wide z ! ?ickness ( ! bo>d w p]mit1 & is made by bor+ a c\ple ( holes ?r\gh ! /ock at ?is po9t1 & cutt+ out ! wood betwe5 ) a *isel4 ,select a /rong b>rel-hoop = ! b[1 & fa/5 x at its c5tre 9 a hole cut = x at ,b1 driv+ a nail into x at ,c4 ,! trigg] %\ld be made simil> to ,d 9 ,fig4 #bcb4 ,cut block ,e out ( a piece ( tongu$ bo>d1 leav+ ! tongue to fit ! groove 9 ! gun/ock4 ,not* ! bottom to fit ov] ,d 7see ,fig4 #bcc74 ,place a tack 9 ea* side ( ! block1 & run cords f !m to ! end ( ! b[4 ,^! cords mu/ be ( su* a l5g? t ! b[ w b5d almo/ to its limit :5 block ,e is plac$ ov] ! trigg]4 ,a heavy rubb] b& %\ld be atta*$ to ! l[] end ( ! trigg]1 & to a tack at ,f4 ,?is mu/ be /rong en\gh to cock ! trigg]4 ,! cross-b[ w %oot ei!r pebbles or arr[s1 b ! latt] are ! mo/ satisfactory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bcd4--,%+le ,arr[s = ,cross-b[4 ,%+le ,arr[s are v good1 z !y %oot /raight1 & are s quickly made z to be easily replac$ by a fre% lot :5 lo/ or brok54 ,m>k !m out z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bcd1 ) ! head at ! ?ick edge ( ! %+le & ! tail at ! ?9 edge1 & cut !m out ) y\r jack-knife4 ,! head & tail are made flat on "o side1 s z to lie flat 9 ! groove ( ! gun4 ,a ,toy ,pi/ol c also be made out ( a tongu$-&-groov$ bo>d4 ,"s su* %ape z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bce %\ld fir/ be drawn ^u ! bo>d1 ) ! groove ext5d+ along ! top4 ,cut ?is out ) y\r jack-knife1 & make a mortise = ! trigg]4 ,cut ! trigg] simil> to ,fig4 #bcf1 fa/5+ x 9 place ) a brad driv5 ?r\gh x at ,a4 ,x w be notic$ t ! trigg] is not*$ at bo? ends4 ,^! not*es are = a rubb] b&1 :i* %\ld be /ret*$ f ! upp] not* ( ! trigg]1 ov] ! muzzle1 & ar\nd to ! l[] not*1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,! rubb] b& lies 9 ! groove 9 ! top ( ! pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bce-bcg4--;,a ,toy ,pi/ol4 ,! ,bullets = ?is pi/ol consi/ ( pieces ( c>dbo>d cut into small squ>es4 ,to load ! pi/ol1 slip "o ( ! squ>es ?r\gh ! rubb] b& z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bcg1 s t x re/s on top ( ! groove1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bce4 ,^u pull+ ! trigg] ! bullet w %oot out ( its position1 & ?\gh naturally "o might ?9k ! loop ( ! rubb] b& w\ld cat* ! c>d1 x is n ! case4 ,! c>d frees itself & travels 9 a /raight l9e 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! pi/ol is aim$4 ,x is advisable to keep ?is pi/ol out ( range ( y\r companions' faces4 ,a ,%ot-gun c be made on ! same s*eme z ! pi/ol1 by cutt+ a /ock ! size ( t us$ = ! cross-b[ 7,fig4 #bca71 & fa/5+ sev]al rubb] b&s toge!r to ext5d ar\nd ! add$ l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bch4 ,an ,ela/ic ,sl+ made ) a wire framework1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bch1 is an improvem5t ov] ! "o made out ( a tree crot*1 z x is n easily brok54 ,ab\t ,no4 #ab wire1 :i* is ! ?ickness ( eight-p5ny nails1 %\ld be b\ght = ?is4 ,) a pair ( p9c]s1 b5d x into ! %ape %[n 9 ! draw+1 ) loops at ,a & ,b4 ,wrap ! h&le ) cord1 & atta* /rong rubb] b&s to ,a & ,b1 ) a piece ( %oe lea!r or kid glove set 9 betwe51 at ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bci4--;,a ,b>rel-hoop ,t>get4 ,a mo/ satisfactory s*eme = ,a ,boy's ,t>get is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bci4 ,x consi/s ( a b>rel-hoop1 fa/5$ by means ( /aples to a wood5 plat=m1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,pack ! inside ( ! hoop ) e>? :i* has be5 moi/5$ suffici5tly to make x hold toge!r1 & place a piece ( pap] ov] x1 pa/+ x to ! edges ( ! hoop4 ,! pap] w be /ret*$ z tight z a drumhead :5 dry4 ,five r+s %\ld !n be pa9t$ ^u x1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,fa/5 screw-eyes 9 ! top ( ! plat=m1 & hang ! t>get by ^! :]ev] y wi% to use x4 ,by prep>+ sev]al %eets ( pap]1 a fre% piece may be pa/$ ov] ! hoop aft] "o has be5 fill$ ) holes4 ,! e>? w prev5t ! pap] f splitt+1 & w be s(t en\gh = ! end ( an arr[ to /ick into4 ,%\ld ! e>? become too dry1 x may be moi/5$ ea* "t a new pap] is put 9 place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdj4--;,a ,simpl] ,t>get4 ,a ,simpl] ,t>get1 & a s*eme :i* w answ] a boy's purpose1 if he does n c>e to g to ! tr\ble ( mak+ ! hoop t>get1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bdj4 ,a circul> piece ( c>dbo>d1 ) five r+s pa9t$ ^u x1 is tack$ to ! end ( a broom-h&le1 & ?is is /uck into ! gr\nd4 ,po9ts are ,scor$ 9 t>get %oot+ z foll[s3 ,bull's-eye #i po9ts2 second r+1 #g po9ts2 ?ird r+1 #e po9ts2 f\r? r+1 #c po9ts2 fif?1 or outside r+1 #a po9t4 ,! ,b[ & ,arr[ is always popul> ) boys :o are =bidd5 ! use ( guns4 ,au?orities claim t ! be/ mat]ials f :i* to make b[s are mulb]ry1 sassafras1 ,s\!rn c$>1 black locu/1 black walnut1 apple1 & slipp]y elm1 9 ! ord] nam$2 b if a boy selects :at appe>s to be a good s\nd piece ( wood1 ) /raight gra91 he has some?+ :i* w suit ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bda4--;,a ,boy's ,b[4 ,! ,l5g? ( ! ,b[ %\ld be ab\t ! height ( ! p]son us+ x4 ,figure #bda %[s a five-foot b[1 ) ! o!r proportions su* z are on makes to be f\nd 9 ! /ores4 ,cut y\r piece ( wood five feet long1 &1 aft] plac+ x 9 ! b5*-vise1 %ape x d[n ) a draw-knife or plane until x is "o in* wide by "o-half in* ?ick at ! h&le & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* wide by "o-qu>t] in* ?ick at ! ends4 ,! b[ c be made r\nd on ! inside or face t[>d ! ar*]1 & flat on ! outside or face away f ! ar*]1 or ! two faces may be made r\nd4 ,cut a not* 9 ! b[ two in*es f ea* end1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 f :i* to atta* ,! ,b[-/r+4--,a cord ) z little ela/icity z possible %\ld be us$ = ?is4 ,if y c>e to sp5d ! money = x1 a good cotton /r+ c be pur*as$ f a deal] 9 ar*]y goods = tw5ty-five c5ts4 ,) a home-made b[-/r+1 a loop %\ld be made 9 "o end & b\nd ) ?read1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bdb4 ,slip ! loop ov] ! upp] not*1 b5d ! b[ until ! c5tre ( ! /r+ is ab\t five in*es away f ! h&le1 & atta* ! loose end to ! l[] not* by means ( a slip-knot simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #bdc4 ,! b[ %\ld be s&-pap]$ until smoo?1 & ?or\ghly oil$ ) l9se$-oil4 ,a piece ( velvet ab\t ?ree in*es wide %\ld be glu$ ab\t ! c5tre = a h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdb4 ,b[-/r+ ,ends4 ,,fig4 #bdc4 ,= a five-foot b[1 cut ,! ,arr[-%afts tw5ty-f\r in*es long & "o-qu>t] in* ?ick4 ,:ittle !m out ( /raight-gra9$ /rips ( wood1 r\nd !m nicely1 & cut a not* 9 ! ends l>ge en\gh to fit ov] ! b[-/r+s4 ,x is n suppos$ t boys w\ld c>e ,to ,prep>e ,arr[-heads ( /one or bone z ! ,indians did1 = !re are o!r s*emes t are simpl] to c>ry out4 ,if ! wood is reasonably h>d1 ! heads c be cut on ! ends ( ! %aft1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bdd4 ,= t>get practice1 a wire nail driv5 into ! end ( ! %aft1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bde1 ) ! head ( ! nail fil$ (f & po9t$1 has prov5 v good1 & a ?ick piece ( z9c or lead1 cut ! %ape ( ,a 7,fig4 #bdf7 & set into a slot cut 9 ! end ( ! %aft1 ) cord b\nd ar\nd ! %aft to hold ! metal 9 place1 makes ano!r excell5t head4 ,! metal po9ts %\ld be us$ only = t>get practice1 & !n ) prop] c>e1 to prev5t injury to y\rself or companions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bdd-bdf4--,s*emes = ,arr[-heads4 ,fea!r+ is ! next op]ation4 ,turkey or goose fea!rs are g5]ally us$1 b ! =m] is consid]$ ! bett] ( ! two4 ,/rip (f ! broad] side ( ! vane ( ?ree fea!rs1 & glue !m to ! %aft "o & "o-qu>t] in*es f ! not*1 spac+ !m equidi/ant f "o ano!r4 ,"o fea!r %\ld be plac$ at "r angles to ! not*4 ,?is is kn[n z ! cock-fea!r1 & %\ld always po9t away f ! b[ :5 ! arr[ is %ot4 ,a ,quiv] ( "s sort %\ld be provid$1 l>ge en\gh to c>ry a doz5 or m arr[s1 & ?is %\ld be ?ree in*es %ort] ?an ! arr[s1 s t _! ends w project above ! top4 ,x may be made out ( any ?ick clo?1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bdg4 ,a circul> piece ( c>dbo>d is plac$ 9 ! bottom to :i* ! clo? is sew$1 & a piece ( heavy wire1 b5t into a circle1 fits 9 ! top to keep ! bag op54 ,! quiv] %\ld hang on y\r "r side1 be+ susp5d$ by means ( a clo? /rap long en\gh to pass ov] ! left %\ld]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdg4--;,a ,quiv]4 ,to ,%oot ) ! b[1 take ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #bdh1 ) bo? feet flat ^u ! gr\nd1 & ! heels 9 l9e ) ! t>get4 ,hold ! h&le ( ! b[ 9 ! left h& & place an arr[ on ! left side ( ! b[1 slipp+ ! b[-/r+ into ! not* & lett+ ! head ( ! arr[ re/ ^u y\r left h&4 ,cat* ! b[-/r+ ) ! fir/ ?ree f+]s ( y\r "r h&1 s t ! end ( ! arr[ comes betwe5 ! fir/ & second f+]s1 & draw ! /r+ until ! head ( ! arr[ re/s ^u ! left h&2 !n aim quickly & let g ( ! arr[4 ,by always tak+ ! same hold ^u y\r b[ & arr[1 y w soon be able to "k j :]e ! arr[ is go+ to /rike4 ,! boy :o has _h ! hobby ( collect+ ,indian arr[-heads has no d\bt (t5 wond]$ h[ !y 7 made1 & also h[ ! b[s & arr[s 7 prep>$4 ,! ways 9 :i* all unciviliz$ p d ?+s is int]e/+1 & especially :5 x is rememb]$ t !y _h b raw mat]ials ) :i* to "w & only su* tools z !y c\ld make out ( /one4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdh4--;,correct ,position = ,%oot+4 ,! ,indian's ,b[ 0 made ( diff]5t woods1 &1 ?\gh x v>i$ 9 %ape & size1 0 g5]ally ab\t =ty in*es 9 l5g?1 s z to be conv5i5tly c>ri$ & h&l$ on horseback4 ,! b[-/r+ consi/$ g5]ally ( a de] s9ew or a /r& ( de]-sk9 roll$ or twi/$1 & ?is 0 /rung v tightly f a not* cut on "o end ( ! b[ to a not* on ! opposite end4 ,n[1 :ile an ,indian g5]ally made ! great] "p ( 8 weapons1 !re 0 always a w>rior 9 ! tribe :o 0 skill$ 9 ! art ( arr[-mak+1 &1 z ! prep>ation requir$ f> m c>e ?an ! b[1 he 0 intru/$ ) ?is "w4 ,! arr[-%aft 0 made ( v>i\s woods1 re$s be+ (t5 us$1 z !y 7 /raight & requir$ b little cutt+4 ,_! l5g?s dep5d$ l>gely ^u t ( ! b[s4 ,= ! fea!r+ ( ! %afts1 wild turkey fea!rs 7 consid]$ be/ & us$ :5 !y c\ld be _h1 & ^! 7 atta*$ to ! %aft ) de] s9ews4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdi4--,"s ,specim5s ( ,indian ,arr[-heads4 ,a great v>iety ( mat]ials 7 us$ = arr[-heads1 among :i* fl9t1 obsidian1 horn ( de]1 claws ( eagles1 & ! spurs ( wild turkey-cocks may be m5tion$4 ,_m ( ^! are be+ pick$ up annually 9 ! m\nta9s & on ! pla9s1 :i* 7 once ! battle-fields & hunt+-gr\nds ( ! r$m51 & 9 excavat+ = build+ purposes !y are frequ5tly f\nd4 ,a few specim5s ( /one heads %[+ a v>iety ( ! %apes & sizes us$ w be f\nd 9 ,fig4 #bdi4 ,! prep>ation ( ^! heads 0 usually left to ! old m5 :o 7 unfit = any o!r "w4 ,9 mak+ ! fl9t head1 ! ,indian made a loop 9 a piece ( bucksk9 :i* _h be5 ?or\ghly wet 9 cold wat]1 & !n tak+ a piece ( fl9t1 heat$ x1 & ) ! /rip ( bucksk9 *ipp$ (f :at 0 n want$ until ! head 0 ( ! correct %ape & size4 ,z horn/one is m brittle ?an qu>tz1 ! heads made f t mat]ial 7 brok5 & %ap$ by /rik+ !m aga9/ ! latt]4 ,! /one heads 7 atta*$ to ! %aft by means ( s9ews1 g5]ally f de]4 ,= hunt+ small birds1 ! ,indians (t5 made wood5 arr[-heads1 h>d5+ ! wood by fire aft] %ap+ x4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,an ,,outdoor ,,gymnasium ,illu/ration3 ,boys ,pole ,vault+ & ,%ot ,putt+4 ,) a little "w1 & a small outlay ( money *iefly = two-by-f\rs1 & su* bo>ds z are specifi$ 9 ?is *apt]1 a boy1 or club ( boys1 c con/ruct & set up all ! necess>y app>atus = an outdoor gymnasium4 ,x is true a great _m city back-y>ds are mu* too small to accommodate all ( ! app>atus2 b !re is g5]ally a vacant lot 9 ! neighborhood :i* y c obta9 p]mission to use4 ,^? ( y boys :o are =tunate en\gh to sp5d ! summ] mon?s 9 ! c\ntry h spl5did opportunities = mak+ a complete gym & %\ld n miss ! *ance to fit "o up4 ,a ,horizontal ,b>4--,a well-made horizontal b> requires a firm /&>d :i* w n sway :5 swung ^u4 ,?is is be/ atta9$ by fa/5+ at lea/ "o upright to ! side ( ! b>n1 ! f5ce1 or "s o!r /ation>y object4 ,x is also v important to secure a /rong b> free f knots & cracks4 ,curta9-poles are frequ5tly us$ by boys1 b at great risk1 z !re may be a dang]\s knot lurk+ b5ea? ! highly poli%$ surface t w break at a critical mom5t & cause !m s]i\s injuries4 ,a f\r-foot hickory or a% b> c be b\ght f a deal] 9 sport+ goods = ab\t a doll> & a half1 b x w co/ mu* less to h a b> turn$ to ! "r %ape & size at a plan+ mill4 ,! diamet] ( ! pole %\ld be an in* & "o-half1 & ! ends %\ld be two in*es squ>e 7see ,fig4 #bej74 ,= ! uprights procure two two-by-sixes n9e feet long4 ,m>k (f a squ>e equal 9 size to ! end ( ! b>1 six in*es f "o end ( ea*1 & cut out ! wood ) an aug]4 ,) a *isel trim ! holes squ>e & l>ge en\gh = ! b> to slip ?r\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bej-bea4--,! ,horizontal ,b>4 ,s9k ! l[] ends ( ! uprights twelve in*es into ! gr\nd1 ,a aga9/ ! /ation>y object1 :atev] x may be1 & ,b directly 9 front1 at a di/ance equal to ! l5g? ( ! b>4 ,spike ,a to ! abutt+ surface1 & brace ! base ( ,b ) two two-by-f\rs to make x solid 7see ,fig4 #bea74 ,! tops ( ! braces %\ld be mitr$ aga9/ ,b1 & ! bottoms spik$ to /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd1 z %[n at ,c4 ,to make x possible to adju/ ! b> to diff]5t heights1 holes may be cut 9 ! uprights e foot or s1 9 :i* case be c>eful to locate ! holes exactly opposite "o ano!r4 ,x is well to h an old mattress b5ea? ! horizontal b> z a gu>d aga9/ injury 9 case ( a fall4 ,?is also makes a spl5did ,tumbl+ ,mat = practis+ rolls1 h&-spr+s1 & wre/l+4 ,if a mattress _c be obta9$1 a few potato sacks /uff$ ) %av+s or excelsior w answ] ! purpose4 ,! mo/ satisfactory s*eme = mak+ a pair ( ,p>allel ,b>s is %[n 9 ,fig4 #beb4 ,to acquire ! necess>y firmness )\t putt+ 9 brac+ t w\ld int]f]e ) ! p]=m]1 ! base ( ! app>atus %\ld be set und]gr\nd1 z indicat$ by ! dott$ l9es 9 ! illu/ration4 ,9 height ! p>allel b>s %\ld be ab\t f\r feet six in*es1 9 l5g? sev5 feet six in*es1 & 9 wid? tw5ty in*es betwe5 ! b>s4 ,?is makes ! uprights ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,d six feet long1 all[+ eighte5 in*es to project into ! gr\nd4 ,prep>e "o end ( ea* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bec1 not*+ x = ! b> to fit 9 & cutt+ (f ! corn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #beb4--,! ,p>allel ,b>s4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 cut f\r two-by-f\rs tw5ty-eight in*es long4 ,!n lay ! uprights ,a & ,b on ! gr\nd tw5ty in*es ap>t1 & spike two ( ! two-by-f\rs to !m at ,g & ,h 7see ,fig4 #bed74 ,uprights ,c & ,d %\ld be simil>ly fa/5$ toge!r ) ! o!r two-by-f\rs at ,i & ,j 7see ,fig4 #beb74 ,:5 ^! frames h be5 made1 set !m ^u _! bases six feet ap>t1 & spike ! two-by-f\rs ,k & ,l to ! uprights 9 ! places %[n 9 ,fig4 #beb1 ) braces set betwe5 !m & ! pieces ,h & ,j1 at ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p 7see ,figs4 #beb & #bee74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bef4--,section ( ,b>4 ,,fig4 #bec4--;,dress ,ends ( ,uprights l ?is4 ,,fig4 #bed4 ,,fig4 #bee4--;,corn] ,brac+4 ,,figs4 #bec-bef4--;,details ( ,p>allel ,b>s4 ,! b>s %\ld be sev5 feet six in*es 9 l5g?1 & cut out ( ,georgia p9e two-by-f\rs4 ,figures #beb & #bef %[ h[ ^! %\ld be dress$1 ! tops r\nd$ to fit ! h&s & ! ends curv$4 ,fir/ r\ghly %ape !m ) ! draw-knife1 !n smoo? up ) ! plane1 & f9ally scrape & rub !m d[n ) s&-pap] until p]fectly smoo?4 ,:5 ! b>s h be5 prep>$1 slip !m into ! not*es cut 9 ! uprights1 & spike !m 9 place4 ,) ! con/ructive "w done1 x is only necess>y to bury ! base to complete ! app>atus4 ,excavate a tr5* eighte5 in*es deep1 & level (f ! bottom4 ,!n l[] ! framework &1 aft] det]m9+ t ! b>s are level1 fill 9 ! e>?1 pack+ x well aga9/ ! uprights & braces4 ,bo>ds ,e & ,f %\ld be laid across ! top ( ,g & ,i1 & spik$ 9 place4 ,! ,pun*+-bag ,plat=m1 illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #beg1 %\ld be made ?irty in*es squ>e & susp5d$ f ! %$ or a wall4 ,nail a ?irty-in* piece ( two-by-f\r to ! wall1 two feet above ! height at :i* ! plat=m is to be plac$1 z at ,a 9 ! draw+1 & nail ano!r on a level ) ! top ( ! plat=m1 z %[n at ,b4 ,fa/5 ! plat=m bo>ds toge!r ) batt5s1 us+ nails long en\gh to cl9* on top ( ! upp] face1 & nail ! two bo>ds ,c & ,d to ! edges1 mitr+ ! edges z 9 ! figure4 ,!n lift ! plat=m to ! desir$ height1 & fa/5 ! ends ( ,c & ,d to ! ends ( ,a4 ,also nail ! bottom ( ! plat=m to ! "u side ( ,b4 ,a swivel su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #beh c be b\ght = =ty or fifty c5ts1 & "o ( ^! %\ld be screw$ to ! bottom ( ! plat=m1 f :i* to susp5d ! pun*+-bag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #beg4--;,a ,pun*+-bag ,plat=m4 ,a ,pair ( ,jump ,/&>ds are made out ( two two-by-f\rs ab\t eight feet long4 ,aft] plan+ !m smoo? on all sides1 measure (f two feet f "o end ( ea*1 & m>k (f ! rema9+ six feet 9 in*es1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bei4 ,aft] squ>+ ^! divisions across ! poles ) y\r try-squ>e1 bore holes ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet] ?r\gh ! poles at ea* division4 ,!n1 ) a small bru% & black pa9t1 m>k (f ea* foot ) a b& ext5d+ ar\nd ! pole1 ea* half foot ) a n>r[] b&1 & ea* in* ) a %ort l9e1 z %[n 9 ! draw+s4 ,lett] ! foot divisions #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfb4 ,,fig4 #bfj4 ,,fig4 #bfa4 ,,fig4 #bei4--,! ,jump ,/&>ds complet$4 ,,figs4 #bei-bfb4--;,details ( ,jump ,/&>ds4 ,:5 bo? /&>ds h be5 f9i%$1 bury !m 9 ! gr\nd to a dep? ( ?irte5 in*es1 eight feet ap>t4 ,cut two wood5 pegs simil> to ,fig4 #bfa to fit ! holes1 & procure a n9e-foot p9e or hickory pole "o in* ?ick = a cross-b> 7see ,fig4 #bfj74 ,:5 ! b> is plac$ ^u ! pegs1 ! di/ance f its top to ! gr\nd %\ld correspond ) ! figure on ! upright4 ,if n ! same1 raise or l[] ! uprights until ! error is correct$4 ,) a pair ( ^! /&>ds !re is no dang] ( injury by tripp+ ov] ! b>1 z ! latt] w fall (f ) ! slighte/ knock4 ,!re is "o disadvantage 9 us+ a /ick1 h[ev]1 x be+ easily brok5 if jump$ ^u4 ,because ( ?is1 a rope ) a weight atta*$ to ea* end1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bfb is (t5 sub/itut$4 ,! ends ( ! rope are hung ov] ! pegs 9 su* a way t x w slip (f ! pegs :5 /ruck4 ,! weights %\ld be j heavy en\gh to prev5t ! rope f sagg+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,a ,vault+ ,pole %\ld be made ( a /rong wood1 free f knots & o!r defects4 ,! regulation pole is made ( select$ spruce1 its l5g? v>y+ f eight to f\rte5 feet4 ,if y make y\r own pole1 be c>eful to plane (f all spl9t]s & irregul>ities1 mak+ x r\nd & smoo?1 & po9t "o end s x w /ick into ! gr\nd & prev5t slipp+4 ,al?\gh seldom us$ 9 an outdoor gymnasium1 ,a ,spr+-bo>d is excell5t = practis+ ! high & broad jumps1 & is a piece ( app>atus ) :i* a great deal ( fun may be _h4 ,figure #bfc %[s a s*eme = a spr+-bo>d t is easy to make4 ,fir/ cut ?ree pieces ( two-by-f\r two feet long1 lay !m on ! gr\nd p>allel to ea* o!r eighte5 in*es ap>t1 & con/ruct a plat=m f\r feet long by two feet wide on top ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfc4--;,a ,spr+-bo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfd4 ,cut ano!r two-by-f\r two feet long1 tap] x z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bfd1 mak+ x two in*es ?ick on "o edge & an in* & a qu>t] on ! o!r1 & nail x to "o end ( ! plat=m4 ,secure a log two feet long 7a c$> f5ce po/ w d v nicely71 & fa/5 x across ! c5tre ( ! plat=m p>allel to ! two-by-f\rs4 ,! upp] portion ( ! spr+-bo>d %\ld be made ( ela/ic bo>ds1 pref]ably a%4 ,con/ruct a second plat=m six in*es long] ?an ! fir/1 leav+ ab\t "o-half in* betwe5 ! bo>ds1 & batt5+ ! pieces toge!r at ,a & ,b 7see ,fig4 #bfc74 ,nail ! batt5s securely 9 place1 us+ nails ( suffici5t l5g? to all[ cl9*+ on ! "u face ( ! batt5s4 ,! cl9*+ w prev5t ! bo>ds f spr++ ap>t4 ,?is plat=m %\ld be fa/5$ to ! fir/1 ) ! end :i* has n be5 batt5$ secur$ to ! two-by-f\r at ,c4 ,! be/ me?od ( fa/5+ ! ends ( ^! bo>ds is ) bolts long en\gh to ext5d ?r\gh ! two plat=ms & project an in* or m bel[ ! bottom two-by-f\r 7see illu/ration74 ,l>ge wa%]s %\ld be plac$ "u ! heads ( ! bolts to prev5t ! latt] f cutt+ ?r\gh ! bo>ds4 ,! upp] plat=m %\ld n be nail$ to ! log1 b m]ely held to x by /raps pass$ diagonally ar\nd ! outside bo>ds & log1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,set ! spr+-bo>d ^u ! spot y wi% to use x1 & bank up ! e>? beh9d x until a gradual slope is made f ! gr\nd to ! top4 ,if any difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 keep+ ! spr+-bo>d 9 place1 x may be ov]come by driv+ /akes into ! gr\nd ar\nd ! sides ( ! l[] plat=m4 ,aft] sett+ up y\r gymnasium app>atus1 oil ! b>s ( ! horizontal b> & p>allel b>s ) boil$ l9se$-oil1 & pa9t all ! re/ ( ! wood to keep x 9 good condition4 ,hurdles %\ld be lightly con/ruct$1 s z to be easily knock$ ov] %\ld a hurdl] trip ^u !m4 ,!y are made simil> to c>p5t] horses1 directions = ! mak+ ( :i* are giv5 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,_! height w dep5d ^u ! skill ( ! hurdl]4 ,if ! field is l>ge en\gh1 ,a ,runn+ ,track c be made ar\nd x1 by levell+ (f ! gr\nd1 remov+ all /ones & irregul>ities 9 its pa?1 & bank+ up ! corn]s to enable ! runn] to turn ! curves readily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfe4 ,= ,%ort ,spr9ts ! mo/ common me?od ( />t+ is ^u all f\rs1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #bfe4 ,make a depression 9 ! gr\nd = ! toe ( ! re> foot to press aga9/ 9 />t+ (f4 ,= ,broad ,jump+1 a block ( wood two feet long %\ld be sunk into ! gr\nd1 z a m>k f :i* to leap4 ,x is a good plan to organize ,an ,a?letic ,club among ! boys ( ! neighborhood ) :i* to raise money necess>y to buy ! mat]ial = app>atus1 & ,a?letic ,meets may be held among ! memb]s & ) o!r clubs4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,a ,,back-,,y>d ,,circus ,illu/ration3 ,! ,boy's ,circus4 ,%ortly aft] ! f\nd+ ( ,rome1 a l>ge build+ 0 built )9 :i* to hold commemorations ( ,roman victories & anniv]s>ies1 ) *>iot races1 bull-fights1 gladiatorial conte/s1 & a?letic games2 & f ?is build+1 :i* 0 call$ ! circus1 ?is class ( ent]ta9m5t d]iv$ its "n4 ,to keep up ) ! times1 ! circus has _h to pr(it by e sci5tific discov]y1 add+ cont9u\sly to its l9e ( attractions1 until n[ x is necess>y = a %[ to produce a new1 s5sational1 & hair-rais+ feat ea* season 9 ord] to keep 9 ! favor ( ! public & compete ) o!rs 9 ! field4 ,! tight-rope walk]s1 b>e-back rid]s1 & trapeze p]=m]s 7 n long ago ! ma9 attractions ( a circus1 b ^! d n seem ne>ly z rem>kable n[ :5 comp>$ ) su* d>+ feats z loop+-!-loop or loop+-!-gap on a bicycle1 rid+ d[n an incl9e on a s+le :eel1 or div+ f ! peak ( ! t5t into a small tank n m ?an six feet squ>e1 to be se5 at ! pres5t day4 ,:5 a circus came to t[n1 x seem$ b natural = ! boys ( our neighborhood to club toge!r & arrange a p]=mance on a small scale1 b z ne>ly l t ( ! pr(essionals z possible4 ,a back-y>d 0 trans=m$ into tra9+ qu>t]s1 & "h we work$ h>d = sev]al days be=e ! %[1 imitat+ z be/ we c\ld ! /unts ( ! circus p]=m]s4 ,because "o fell[ c\ld walk on 8 h&s1 & turn h&-spr+s1 besides be+ ! own] ( a pair ( tights1 he naturally became ! *ief attraction2 ano!r _h a pair ( rid+ boots1 s he 0 *os5 r+ ma/]2 a ?ird made a b>ga9 ) 8 si/] to cut him out a *eese-clo? co/ume1 & 0 *os5 to take ! "p ( a cl[n1--& 9 ?is way ea* boy help$ along ! p]=mance by contribut+ 8 be/ ef=ts4 ,! mo/ successful %[s 7 ^? 9 :i* a week or m 0 sp5t 9 rehe>s+ ! p]=mance & gett+ ?+s 9 %ape4 ,tickets & programmes 7 neatly pr9t$ by "o ( ! memb]s :o own$ a press1 & ! =m] 7 di/ribut$ among ! boys & _! fri5ds to sell4 ,! fir/ ?+ to d 9 prep>+ a y>d = a circus1 is to ,m>k out a ,r+ 9 ! c5tre1 ) a diamet] z l>ge z ! y>d w p]mit4 ,?is circle may be drawn on ! same pr9ciple z t %[n 9 ,fig4 #bja1 ,*apt] ,,xv1 us+ a rope at ei!r end ( :i* a /ake has be5 atta*$4 ,aft] describ+ ! circle1 secure sev]al six-in* bo>ds suffici5tly limb] to enable y to b5d !m ar\nd ! circle1 & fa/5 !m 9 place by means ( /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd outside ( ! bo>ds4 ,! enclos$ space %\ld !n be fill$ 9 ) sev]al in*es ( %av+s1 :i* y c procure f a c>p5t] if y h n en\gh 9 y\r own work%op4 ,good ,circus ,seats c be made out ( boxes eighte5 or tw5ty in*es high1 ) planks laid across _! tops4 ,to give ! back-y>d a real circus appe>ance1 we always ?\ght x necess>y n only to h a r+ b also a t5t ov] x & ! gr&/&1 s we ga!r$ toge!r all ! old awn+s1 t5ts1 & c>riage cov]s we c\ld scrape up1 & fa/5+ ^! toge!r ) p9s or heavy ?read made ,a ,l>ge ,t5t4--,a t5-foot pole 0 sunk into ! gr\nd 9 ! c5tre ( ! r+1 & ropes 7 run f ! top ( ?is to ! f5ce1 aft] :i* ! t5t 0 fa/5$ to ! ropes & propp$ ) poles :]ev] any sagg+ occurr$4 ,bright color$ *eese-clo? 0 us$ ,9 decorat+ ! ,t5t1 & = ev5+ p]=mances ,japanese lant]ns 7 hung ab\t ! y>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfg4--;,halv+4 ,,fig4 #bff4--,ticket ,(fice & ,turn/ile4 ,a ,ticket ,(fice %\ld be built at ! entrance to ! y>d4 ,?is c be made out ( two boxes1 "o set on top ( ! o!r1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bff4 ,cut an op5+ fifte5 in*es squ>e 9 ! front = a w9d[1 r\nd ! top1 & make a gu>d ( wood5 /rips to fit x4 ,cut a slot 9 ! c\nt]1 fa/5+ a box b5ea? x 9 :i* to drop tickets1 & = a ca% draw] fa/5 /rips to ! "u side ( ! c\nt]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bff1 s t a cig>-box w slide ^u !m4 ,to ! top ( ! ticket (fice fa/5 a bo>d cut ! %ape %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & pr9t ! ^w ,tickets ^u x4 ,^! lett]s may be illum9at$ = an ev5+ p]=mance by bor+ holes ?r\gh !m & plac+ c&les beh9d 7see ,fig4 #bff74 ,a ,turn/ile %\ld be made 9 front ( ! ticket (fice1 s t all are oblig$ to pay _! admission fee & pass ?r\gh ! turn/ile be=e ent]+ ! t5t 7see ,fig4 #bff2 also illu/ration opposite page #bfh74 ,! /ile is made ) two /icks ab\t =ty in*es long fa/5$ toge!r at _! c5tres1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bfg4 ,?is jo9t1 kn[n z ,halv+1 consi/s 9 cutt+ away "o-half ! ?ickness & ! wid? ( ea* piece s t ! rema9+ portions fit toge!r flu%4 ,aft] nail+ ! pieces toge!r1 bore a qu>t]-in* hole ?r\gh ! c5tre1 & screw ! crosspiece at ?is po9t to ! top ( a piece ( two-by-f\r driv5 into ! gr\nd 9 front ( ! ticket (fice4 ,! crosspiece %\ld n[ revolve ) ! screw z an axis4 ,! turn/ile %\ld1 ( c\rse1 h a lock1 & an arrangem5t simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #bff answ]s ! purpose4 ,cut a slot 9 ! front ( ! l[] box on a level ) ! top ( ! /ile = ! arms to run ?r\gh 7see illu/ration71 & !n prep>e f\r blocks1 su* z ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,d 9 ,fig4 #bfh4 ,screw "o end ( ,b & ,c to ! ends ( ,a & fa/5 block ,d betwe5 ! o!r ends ( ,b & ,c1 aft] :i* nail block ,a to ! "u side ( ! c\nt] 9 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #bff4 ,prep>e a lev] su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bfi1 cut a mortise 9 ! top ( ! c\nt] = x to fit 9 7see ,fig4 #bff71 & pivot x to ! side ( ! upp] box4 ,place a screw-eye 9 ! end ( ! lev] & ano!r 9 ,d1 & connect ! two ) a piece ( cord4 ,figure #bff %[s an arm ( ! turn/ile held by ! lock1 :i* is releas$ by pu%+ back ! lev]4 ,a rail+ %\ld be built 9 front ( ! turn/ile to block ! passage on t side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfh4--,lock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfi4--,lev]4 ,! ,side ,%[ %\ld be plac$ 9 "o corn] ( ! y>d4 ,! cages c be made out ( boxes ) ei!r slats or wire-me% fa/5$ ov] ! front1 & ! top or side h+$ 9 place = a door4 ,! animal p]=m]s ( ! circus %\ld occupy ^! cages be=e ! %[ comm5ces1 & to make ! m5ag]ie z l>ge z possible1 a few cages may be fill$ ) pets borr[$ = ! occasion4 ,sev]al clos$ boxes %\ld be plac$ alongside ( ! cages1 & lett]$ ,lion1 ,tig]1 or ! names ( "s su* f]oci\s animals z ^!1 & ! public %\ld be in=m$ t = _! safety ! managem5t ?\ght x be/ n to place ^! specim5s on exhibition4 ,animat$ ,animals g5]ally h a place 9 e circus1 & help out ! cl[ns 9 _! end ( ! p]=mance4 ,! animals are n difficult = h&y boys to make1 s sev]al %\ld be manufactur$ = y\r %[4 ,if y c get y\r "m or si/] to d ! necess>y sew+1 x w\ld be well to secure h] help4 ,! ,elephant is "o ( ! olde/ =ms ( animat$ animals1 & is at ! same "t "o ( ! mo/ popul>4 ,f\r or five y>ds ( gray cambric %\ld be pur*as$ = its cov]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bgj-bga4--,! ,elephant4 ,! clo? %\ld be cut out l ! patt]n %[n 9 ,fig4 #bgj1 ! correct measurem5ts be+ secur$ f two boys :o h tak5 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #bga4 ,fold ! clo? along ! c5tre & !n sew ! dott$ l9es ,,aa & ,,bb toge!r4 ,pap] cornucopi =m ! tusks1 & ! e>s are made ( gray cambric cut ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #bga1 & l9$ ) heavy wrapp+-pap] to make !m /iff4 ,two boys are requir$ = ! elephant4 ,^! mu/ b5d =w>d1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bga4 ,! re> boy places "o h& ^u ! front boy's back & wags ! tail ) ! o!r1 :ile ! front boy runs "o h& ?r\gh ! elephant's trunk & keeps x 9 motion4 ,fa/5 potato sacks on to y\r legs to make !m z l>ge z possible4 ,! ,giraffe is "o ( ! r>e/ ( animals1 & v few are to be f\nd 9 captivity4 ,9 fact1 a l>ge circus claims !re is only "o specim5 9 ?is c\ntry1 outside ( a h]d 9 _! possession4 ,s if y make a giraffe1 :i* is n difficult to d1 y w h a feature 9 y\r %[ t none b ! v l>ge/ comb9es c af=d4 ,! animal's head %\ld be drawn ! %ape ( ,fig4 #bgb on a bo>d1 & !n cut out ) ! aid ( a saw & draw-knife4 ,! jaw1 e>s1 & horns %\ld be cut out sep>ately1 ! %ape ( ,figs4 #bgc1 #bgd1 & #bge4 ,bore two holes 9 ! head at ,a1 slant+ !m t[>d "o ano!r1 & fit 9 !m ! pegs cut = ! horns4 ,! jaw %\ld be pivot$ ) a small nail at ,b on "o side ( ! head1 & an e> %\ld be likewise fa/5$ at ,c on ea* side ( ! head4 ,:5 ^! portions ( ! giraffe's anatomy h be5 put 9 place1 /ret* a rubb] b& f a tack driv5 9 ! top ( ! jaw to ano!r tack driv5 into ! neck 7see ,fig4 #bgb71 & atta* ano!r rubb] b& simil>ly to ea* ( ! e>s4 ,^! rubb] b&s w act z spr+s1 caus+ ! e>s to wag & ! jaw to op5 & close :5 ! giraffe moves 8 head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bgb-bgf4--;,details ( ,giraffe4 ,pa9t ! head1 mak+ ! features z ne>ly l ^? ( a giraffe z possible1 &1 :5 ! pa9t is dry1 m\nt ! head on ! end ( a six-foot pole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgg4--,! ,giraffe's ,tail4 ,! cov]+ = ! body is made out ( a l>ge piece ( tan clo? ) br[n spots m>k$ ^u x1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bgf4 ,x is n necess>y to give a patt]n = ?is1 z ! illu/ration cle>ly %[s h[ x %\ld fit ov] ! two boys :o =m ! body1 & hang f ! headpiece4 ,! neck %\ld be /uff$ out ) excelsior4 ,a %ort & a long /ick %\ld be nail$ toge!r1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bgg1 & clo? %\ld be sew$ to ! end ( ! %ort /ick = ! animal's tail4 ,/uff ! tail ) excelsior & fa/5 unravell$ rope to ! end1 z %[n 9 ! draw+s4 ,! long /ick %\ld be held by ! boy :o =ms ! re> ( ! animal1 s t by means ( x he c manipulate ! tail 7see ,fig4 #bgf74 ,z %[n by ! dott$ l9es 9 ,fig4 #bgf1 ! boy 9 ! front portion ( ! animal holds ! end ( ! pole support+ ! animal's head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgh4--,! ,wild ,man & ! ,wild ,horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgi4--;,framework ( ,wild ,horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bhj-bhb4 ,an animat$ animal v (t5 br\ght into a circus r+ is ! two-legg$ ,wild ,horse1 own$ by ! ,wild ,man ( ,borneo4 ,?is bre$ ( horse is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bgh4 ,a framework is necess>y = ! body1 & ?is is be/ made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bgi4 ,cut two f\r-foot /rips = ! side-pieces1 fa/5 !m two feet ap>t1 ) a b>rel-hoop at ei!r end & ar* b>rel-hoops ov] ! back1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,! head 7,fig4 #bhj7 is made 9 ! same mann] z t ( ! giraffe1 ! jaws & ! e>s 7,figs4 #bha & #bhb7 be+ cut out sep>ately & pivot$ 9 place simil>ly to ^? ( ! giraffe4 ,pa9t ! face1 m>k+ ! eyes & no/rils1 & make a mane & tail ( unravell$ rope4 ,hav+ f9i%$ ! head1 m\nt x ^u a %ort /ick & fa/5 ?is to a crosspiece set 9 ! framework1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bgi1 brac+ x ) an upright fa/5$ to ano!r crosspiece4 ,9 fa/5+ ! v>i\s pieces ( ! framework toge!r1 x is well n only to use long en\gh nails to cl9*1 b also to b9d ea* jo9t ) wire or cord to make x /iff4 ,pur*ase br[n or black cambric = cov]+ ! framework4 ,tack x to ! wood5 /rips1 leav+ an op5+ 9 ! top = ! rid] to /& 91 & all[ x to hang to ! gr\nd z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 s z to conceal ! feet ( ! rid]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhc4--;,jocko4 ,! ,wild ,man %\ld we> an old sl\* hat & a hunt+ jacket1 & %\ld h a pair ( false legs fa/5$ to him1 s t :ile 8 own are inside ! framework1 z %[n by ! dott$ l9es 9 ,fig4 #bgh1 !y appe> to be a/ride4 ,to make ! false legs1 cut (f ! legs ( an old pair ( long tr\s]s1 /uff !m ) excelsior1 & fa/5 a pair ( %oes to ! ends4 ,^! legs %\ld be fa/5$ to ! hips ( ! rid]4 ,! framework %\ld be held to ! rid] by means ( ropes ti$ to ! side /rips1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bgi4 ,^! %\ld be long en\gh to cross ! boy's %\ld]s 9 ! same way z a pair ( susp5d]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhd4--;,jocko's ,hat4 ,a ,monkey's ,make-up is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bhc4 ,! boy :o is mo/ apt at mak+ a monkey ( himself %\ld be select$ to take ! "p ( ?is animal4 ,9 ! fir/ place he requires a r$ suit1 :i* may be made quickly by sew+ r$ clo? ov] an old coat & a pair ( tr\s]s4 ,cov] ! legs ) a pair ( tan /ock+s1 & slip ! feet into a pair ( l>ge gloves4 ,! face & h&s %\ld be color$1 & = ?is purpose buy "s br[n grease pa9t4 ,9 rubb+ ! pa9t ov] ! face1 leave a circle ( :ite ar\nd ! eyes & m\?1 & make a br[n m>k ea* side ( ! m\? to give x a broad5$ effect4 ,a tight-fitt+ cap %\ld be made ( clo? z ne>ly ! %ade ( ! br[n pa9t z possible1 to hide ! hair4 ,figure #bhd %[s ! monkey's hat1 consi/+ ( a tomato-c cov]$ ) r$ clo?1 :i* is fa/5$ ar\nd ! monkey's *9 by means ( an ela/ic cord4 ,a piece ( rope c be fa/5$ b5ea? ! coat = a tail4 ,! ,r+ ,ma/] %\ld we> a high silk hat1 a /&-up coll>1 & a pair ( boots1 besides be+ suppli$ ) a long :ip4 ,! ,cl[n's ,suit is be/ made out ( r$ & yell[ *eese-clo?1 ?is mat]ial be+ ab\t z *eap z c be b\ght = ! purpose4 ,! suit consi/s ( a pair ( baggy tr\s]s or bloom]s1 ) ela/ic ar\nd ! wai/ & ankles1 a loose coat ) l>ge buttons1 a coll>1 a skullcap1 & a hat4 ,make ! buttons out ( r$ *eese-clo? & /uff !m ) cotton4 ,! coat may be made ( r$ & ! tr\s]s ( yell[ *eese-clo?1 or bo? may be made ( yell[ ) r$ polka dots sew$ on to !m1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration ( 8 co/ume 7,fig4 #bhe74 ,! coll> is made ( :ite clo?1 l9$ ) pap] to make x /iff1 & %\ld be pleat$ ar\nd ! neck to =m a ruffle4 ,a skull cap %\ld be made out ( :ite clo? to hide ! hair4 ,make a peak$ hat ( /iff pap]1 & cov] x ) r$ *eese-clo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhe4--,! ,cl[n's ,make-up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,back-,,y>d ,,circus4 ,:5 mak+ up = a p]=mance1 ! cl[n %\ld p[d] 8 face1 neck1 & h&s ) magnesia1 & draw expression m>ks ^u 8 face ) burnt cork1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bhe4 ,! ,att5dants = ! elephant & giraffe %\ld we> old ba? robes or g[ns1 & h turbans made by twi/+ a piece ( r$ *eese-clo? ab\t ! head4 ,by visit+ any circus & closely wat*+ h[ ?+s are manag$1 x ought to be a simple matt] to get en\gh ,ideas = a ,p]=mance t c be c>ri$ out ) ! animals & p]=m]s describ$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! cl[n %\ld1 ( c\rse1 h 8 usual supply ( jokes1 :i* he c get out ( ! comic pap]s1 & %\ld d 8 be/ to annoy ! o!r p]=m]s4 ,he %\ld make himself ,a ,slapp]1 consi/+ ( two /icks ) a block slipp$ betwe5 at "o end4 ,?is w produce a great deal ( laught] among ! audi5ce1 = :5 ! slapp] is /ruck aga9/ a p]=m] ! ends ( ! /icks /rike toge!r1 mak+ a l\d1 crack+ noise1 & "o w\ld h>dly believe t a /++ bl[ _h n be5 dealt4 ,! cl[n attempts ! tricks ( ! o!r p]=m]s1 b always fails or gets !m v badly mix$4 ,a />tl+ feat to be ann\nc$ ^u ! programme w be ,loop+ ! ,hoop on a ,giraffe4--,?is /unt is p]=m$ by ! elephant1 :o is giv5 a numb] ( b>rel-hoops1 :i* he tosses by means ( 8 trunk ov] ! giraffe's out/ret*$ neck4 ,! elephant & giraffe %\ld always be ent]$ 9 a race1 :i* w prove excit+1 inasmu* z y\r specim5s w be ev5ly mat*$4 ,! monkey may d almo/ any?+ & be amus+4 ,sw++ ^u a turn+-pole1 teas+ ! animals1 box+ ) ! cl[n1 & climb+ a rope1 are all 8 specialties4 ,!n he %\ld h ,a ,*>iot )9 :i* to ride ar\nd ! r+4 ,?is c be made out ( a soap-box1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bhf4 ,cut d[n ! sides1 z 9 ! illu/ration1 atta* two %afts to ! bottom1 & m\nt x ^u a c\ple ( small wagon :eels4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done pa9t ! wood a bright r$1 & cut />s ( diff]5t sizes out ( gilt pap] & glue !m all ov] ! outside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhf4--;,jocko's ,*>iot4 ,! r+ ma/] acts z manag] ( ! p]=mance1 & %\ld use 8 :ip unsp>+ly ^u ! animals1 to =ce !m into ob$i5ce4 ,if a boy c turn ^u a turn+-pole1 an app>atus su* z is describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xviii may be set up outside ( ! r+4 ,be=e p]=mances1 ! entire circus--animals1 acrobats1 & %[m5--%\ld p>ade ab\t ! neighborhood 9 circus attire4 ,we always made ! ,p>ades a feature ( our circuses1 & f\nd !m n only great sport1 b ! be/ k9d ( adv]tis+4 ,! animal cages %\ld be plac$ ^u wagons decorat$ ) flags4 ,head ! procession ) a c\ple ( drumm]s1 & h two boys m>* 9 ! re> c>ry+ signs adv]tis+ ! %[4 ,! ,adv]tis+ ,signs may be pa9t$ ) blu+ ^u l>ge pieces ( manila wrapp+-pap]1 & %\ld be tack$ on wood5 /ret*]s m\nt$ on poles4 ,illu/ration3 ,circus ,p>ade4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,sugge/ions ,,= ,,f\r? ,,( ,,july ,illu/ration3 ,boy ,/>tl$ by ,fire-crack] & ,lant]ns on ,kite-/r+4 ,z mo/ boys probably "k1 ! fir/ ,f\r? ( ,july celebration took place 9 #agge1 foll[+ ! sign+ ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 9 ,indep5d5ce ,hall1 ,philadelphia4 ,:5 ! old bell rang =? ! result ( ! meet+ ( ! ,cont95tal ,congress1 citiz5s ga!r$ 9 ! /reets & display$ _! great joy by %\t+1 beat+ drums1 & fir+ muskets4 ,! news spread v rapidly1 & great rejoic+ reign$ ev]y:]e4 ,x soon became a cu/om to celebrate annually ?is fam\s ev5t1 & x %\ld be e boy's privilege to h a rollick+ good "t ^u ?is day1 mak+ z mu* noise z he pleases4 ,:5 ! av]age boy has b\ght a few sky-rockets1 ,roman-c&les1 & cannon-crack]s1 = ! ,f\r?1 he g5]ally f9ds1 to 8 sorr[1 t he has run out ( pocket money4 ,x is !n t he is v apt to want to try 8 h& at mak+ pyrote*nics4 ,!re are _m publications :i* describe h[ amateurs may manufacture ,roman-c&les1 sky-rockets1 nigg]-*as]s1 & su* pieces1 b x is hop$ t no boy w v5ture to c>ry out any su* exp]im5ts1 =1 ) ! greate/ ( c>e1 un=ese5 accid5ts w occur :i* may result disa/r\sly to him4 ,at ! same "t1 !re is no economy 9 x1 = ! app>atus & mat]ials w g5]ally co/ him m ?an to buy ! fireworks ready made4 ,?is is also true ( color$ lights1 = :i* !re are _m simple =mul1 b none ( :i* c be made up z *eaply z ! p[d]s c be b\ght already prep>$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m ?+s a boy c make = ! ,f\r? t are p]fectly h>mless1 su* z fire-crack] cannons & home-made set-pieces1 besides diff]5t s*emes = fir+ crack]s & fireworks t he c c>ry out4 ,! sugge/ions (f]$ on ! foll[+ pages w be f\nd int]e/+1 & !y w probably sugge/ o!r ideas to ! inv5tive boy4 ,! /ore toy cannon & cap-pi/ol are exce$+ly dang]\s = boys to use1 & 7 all cities to pass laws =bidd+ _! sale1 z 9 ! case ( a great _m ( ! l>g] cities1 ?\s&s ( "y lives w\ld be sav$ f ! t]rible accid5ts result+ annually f celebrat+ ) ^! toys4 ,9 ,fig4 #bhg is %[n ,a ,fire-crack] ,cannon ) :i* a boy c h a great deal ( fun & at ! same "t ) no dang] ( injury4 ,cut ! two gun-/ocks simil> 9 %ape to ,fig4 #bhh1 & ! two :eels f\r in*es 9 diamet] 7,fig4 #bhi71 aft] :i* bore holes 9 ! gun-/ocks at ,a1 & 9 ! c5tres ( ! :eels1 ?r\gh :i* to run ! axle4 ,procure a bak+-p[d] c & make a c\ple ( holes 9 ! sides = ! axle to run ?r\gh 7,fig4 #bij71 & "o 9 ! bottom ( ! c ! size ( a fire-crack] fuse4 ,cut a conical piece ( wood ab\t two in*es long & nail x to ! outside ( ! c cov] z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bhg-bia4--;,a ,fire-crack] ,cannon4 ,:5 ! v>i\s pieces h be5 ?us prep>$1 place !m toge!r z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bhg1 & slip a piece ( heavy wire ?r\gh ! holes made 9 !m1 & b5d ov] ! ends ( ! wire to hold ! :eels 9 place4 ,to fire ! ,cannon1 place a crack] 9 ! c ) ! fuse project+ ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! bottom1 & fit ! cov] ov] ! c4 ,!n light ! fuse4 ,! explod+ crack] w =ce (f ! cov]1 :i* is ! projectile1 & hurl x a consid]able di/ance 9 ! direction ! cannon has be5 po9t$4 ,a ,toy ,mort> may be made simil>ly1 ) ! exception ( ! c>riage or mort>-b$4 ,figures #bib & #bic %[ ! details = ?is1 :i* is diff]5t f a regul> mort>1 "o end be+ enclos$ = an ammunition box4 ,make a cov] = ! ammunition box to prev5t sp>ks f ignit+ ! packages ( crack]s1 us+ pieces ( lea!r = h+es4 ,z %[n 9 ! section draw+ 7,fig4 #bic71 ! mort>-b$ is m\nt$ ^u a small bo>d1 be+ held 9 place by means ( a %ort screw1 :i* makes x possible to sw+ ! mort> ar\nd 9 any position desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bib-bic4--;,a ,fire-crack] ,mort>4 ,^! cannons & mort>s w furni% sport n only = ! ,f\r?1 b = any o!r day ( ! ye>1 z !y c be us$ by a cr[d ( boys 9 ,mimic ,battles1 ) pap] soldi]s4 ,! boys %\ld divide into armies1 & con/ruct _! =tifications ab\t tw5ty feet ap>t1 plant+ ! guns ^u ! works & plac+ ! pap] soldi]s beh9d4 ,all pap] soldi]s knock$ ov] are out ( ! game1 & ! side fir/ completely kill+ ! enemy's g>rison is1 ( c\rse1 ! w9n] ( ! day4 ,^! battles are always v excit+1 especially t[>d ! end1 :5 !re are b a few w>riors rema9+4 ,9 ord] t ! projectiles may fit all ! cans1 x is necess>y to h !m all ( ! same size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bid4--;,ano!r ,toy ,cannon4 ,ano!r ,toy ,cannon t is simple to make is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bid4 ,= ?is1 buy a %ort piece ( glass tub+ at a drug-/ore & h ! druggi/ seal "o end ( x4 ,!n secure a good-siz$ cork & cut a hole ?r\gh ! side l>ge en\gh = ! tube to run ?r\gh 7see ,a 9 ,fig4 #bid74 ,cut out a pair ( wood5 :eels ab\t ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 & fa/5 !m to ! ends ( ! cork ) a p9 or small nail4 ,make ! cannon %afts f\r in*es long1 po9t "o end ( ea* & /ick !m into ! cork at ,b & ,c4 ,! op5 end ( ! tube %\ld be at ,d & ! seal$ end at ,e4 ,to fire ! ,cannon1 slip a mat* into ! op5 end ( ! tube ) ! head t[>d ,e1 & hold a light$ mat* at ! clos$ end4 ,z soon z ! heat ignites ! phosphorus1 ! mat* w %oot out ( ! op5 end ( ! tube4 ,fir+ ,fireworks f ,kites pres5ts a novel feature = a ,f\r? ( ,july celebration1 ! arial display mak+ a v pretty spectacle1 & ! boy :o sets (f 8 fireworks 9 ?is mann] w h some?+ diff]5t f ! re/ ( ! neighborhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bie4 ,figure #bie %[s ! mann] 9 :i* a ,roman-c&le c be atta*$ to a kite-/r+4 ,a piece ( punk ab\t an in* & "o-half long %\ld be b\nd to ! fuse ( ! c&le1 & z ! fuse is r %ort x is necess>y to cut ?r\gh ! pap] b\nd ar\nd x1 & set ! punk into ! end ( ! c&le1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,atta* a piece ( tw9e two feet long to ! o!r end ( ! c&le1 & !n1 aft] gett+ y\r kite up1 atta* ! end ( ?is /r+ to ! kite-/r+ & light ! punk1 be+ v c>eful 9 do+ s n to ignite ! fuse ( ! ,roman-c&le4 ,aft] atta*+ ! c&le & light+ ! punk1 let out ! kite-/r+ z rapidly z possible1 s t by ! "t ! punk has burn$ d[n to ! fuse end1 ! ,roman-c&le w be well up 9 ! air4 ,z soon z ! c&le beg9s to explode1 %ake ! kite-/r+ s z to make ! balls %oot into ! sky 9 diff]5t directions4 ,a ,pack ( ,fire-crack]s ) a piece ( punk atta*$ to ! fuses may also be susp5d$ f a kite-/r+ & fir$ 9 mid-air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bif4 ,,fig4 #big4 ,s*emes = ,atta*+ ,lant]ns to ,kite-/r+s4 ,o!r fireworks may be set (f simil>ly1 & color$ lights produce a f9e effect4 ,nigg]-*as]s %ot into ! air by means ( a cross-b[1 su* z is describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii1 pres5t ano!r novelty4 ,japanese ,lant]ns hung f kite-/r+s are also a pretty sight1 &1 :ile !y give some:at ! same appe>ance z fire-balloons1 !y are la/+ & c be sav$ = ano!r ye>4 ,aft] procur+ a numb] ( lant]ns ( diff]5t %apes & sizes1 fa/5 c&les securely 9 !m s t !re is no possibility ( !m ignit+ ! pap]4 ,figures #bif & #big %[ two ways 9 :i* ! lant]ns may be atta*$ "o bel[ ! o!r4 ,! fir/ me?od 7,fig4 #bif7 consi/s ( p9s /uck ?r\gh ! bottoms ( ! lant]ns & b5t ov] into hooks1 :ile 9 ! second 7,fig4 #big7 a small hole is made 9 ! bottom ( "o lant]n & ! wire h&le ( ano!r is slipp$ ?r\gh ?is hole & loop$ ov] a burnt mat*4 ,be=e s5d+ up ! kite ) ^! lant]ns1 make a numb] ( small loops 9 ! kite-/r+ :]e y wi% to hang ! lant]ns1 & provide ! h&le ( ea* s]ies ( lant]ns ) a p9-hook1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #big4 ,!n1 :5 ev]y?+ is 9 read9ess1 h "o ( y\r fri5ds hook ! lant]ns to ! loops :ile y att5d to lett+ out ! kite-/r+4 ,( c\rse ! small] ! lant]ns are ! great] numb] y c hit* 9 place1 & if y use a team ( kites y w f9d t !y w c>ry a numb] ( /r+s ( lant]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bih4--;,a ,%oot+-tor*4 ,a ,%oot+-tor*1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bih1 is a s*eme t is simple to c>ry out4 ,x consi/s ( a /ick ab\t eighte5 in*es long1 ) fire-crack]s b\nd ar\nd x ) wire1 & ! fuses twi/$ toge!r1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,x is fir$ 9 ! same way z a ,roman-c&le4 ,aft] fir+ all ( y\r fireworks1 y %\ld h ,a ,f9al ,set-piece ) :i* to close ! exhibition4 ,a good s*eme = su* a piece is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bii4 ,m>k out ! lett]s ^u a bo>d1 &1 ) a qu>t]-in* bit1 bore holes ab\t "o half-in* ap>t along ! outl9es ( ea* lett]4 ,!n cut en\gh /icks ( punk two in*es long to fit all ( ! holes1 & put !m to soak 9 k]os5e4 ,! oil makes ! punk burn mu* bright] ?an x w\ld 9 its dry /ate4 ,:5 ! punk is ?or\ghly soak$1 /ick ! pieces 9 ! holes4 ,a c&le w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t = light+ ! punk4 ,nail ! bo>d to a tree or po/1 & place sev]al cannon-crack]s 9 holes bor$ ne> ! bottom ( ! bo>d4 ,aft] all[+ ! punk to burn = a %ort "t1 light ! cannon-crack]s & bl[ up ! set-piece z a gr& f9i%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bii4--;,a ,f9al ,set-piece4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,hall[e5 ,illu/ration3 ,wit* ,rid+ ,broom/ick & ,hall[e5 ,prank/] ,hall[e51 or ! eve ( ,all ,sa9ts' ,day1 has be5 obs]v$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,9 v e>ly times1 gho/s1 demons1 & spirits 7 believ$ to rule ! univ]se on ?is ev5+1 & any "o :o v5tur$ ^u ! /reets aft] d>k 0 do+ s at ! risk ( 8 life4 ,= companion%ip1 z well z protection1 x 0 cu/om>y = l>ge numb]s ( fri5ds to sp5d ! ev5+ toge!r2 & ^! ga!r$ ar\nd ! fire-place1 & pass$ away ! "t dr9k+ cid]1 crack+ nuts1 eat+ apples1 & tell+ gho/ /ories4 ,:ile ! sup]/iti\s fe>s ( ,hall[e5 h almo/ entirely disappe>$1 ! ev5+ is g5]ally celebrat$ 9 ! same mann] z 9 ! pa/4 ,?is is ! only ev5+ on :i* a boy c feel free to play pranks outdoors )\t dang] ( be+ p9*$1 & x is 8 delight to sc>e pass+ p$e/rians1 r+ door-bells1 & c>ry (f ! neighbors' gates 7aft] see+ t 8 own is unh+$ & safely plac$ 9 ! b>n74 ,ev5 if he is suspect$1 & ! next day made to remove ! rubbi% b>ricad+ ! doors1 lug back ! /one c>riage /ep1 & climb a tree = ! front gate1 ! puni%m5t is no?+ comp>$ ) ! sport ! pranks h furni%$ him4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 su* a ?+ z boys go+ too f> ) _! ,hall[e5 fun & gett+ into malici\s mis*ief1 b ! cauti\s boy is n likely to cause any s]i\s tr\ble by 8 actions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cja4 ,,fig #cjj4--;,a ,section ?r\gh ! ,bean-bl[]4 ,a ,magaz9e ,bean-bl[]4 ,e boy :o has us$ a bean-bl[] kn[s t ! beans swell :5 held 9 ! m\?1 (t5 to su* an ext5t t !y w n g ?r\gh ! op5+1 & clog ! tube4 ,figure #cjj %[s a s*eme = a ,magaz9e ,bean-bl[]1 :i* does away ) ?is difficulty1 inasmu* z ) x ! beans are n put 9 ! m\?4 ,! draw+ %[s a section tak5 ?r\gh ! c5tre ( "o ! writ] has be=e him1 :i* works admirably4 ,?is bean-bl[] w co/ y j two c5ts1 ! price ( two ( ! regul> n9ete5-in* t9 tubes sold 9 ! /ores4 ,to ^! add a l>ge ribbon-spool1 :i* c be _h = ! ask+ at almo/ any dry goods /ore1 "s glue1 & a %eet ( writ+ pap]4 ,place ! spool 9 y\r b5*-vise1 & bore a qu>t]-in* hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! side ( x 7see ,a1 ,fig4 #cjj74 ,?is hole %\ld be on a slant1 & ext5d only into ! holl[ "p ( ! spool1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 take "o ( ! t9 tubes & cut (f two sections ( x1 "o f\r in*es long & ! o!r ?ree & "o-half in*es long4 ,?is is easily done by fil+ ?r\gh ! t9 on "o side ) a small file1 & !n b5d+ ! tube back & =? until x breaks4 ,place ! end ( ! f\r-in* tube 9 ! hole bor$ 9 ! spool at ,a1 glu+ a /rip ( pap] ar\nd x to make x fit tightly 7see ,b 9 ,fig4 #cjj74 ,a piece ( pap] sme>$ ) glue %\ld be wrapp$ ar\nd ! o!r end ( ?is tube 9 ! =m ( a funnel1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cja4 ,press ! pap] ar\nd ! end ( ! tube1 z %[n 9 ! section draw+1 ,fig4 #cjj1 & use pl5ty ( glue ^u x to make x /iff4 ,glue a /rip ( pap] ar\nd ! %ort tube1 & /ick x 9 "o end ( ! spool1 z %[n at ,c1 ,fig4 #cjj4 ,! little wood5 m\?piece t is furni%$ ) bean-bl[]s n[adays %\ld be slipp$ ov] ! o!r end ( ! tube1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,n[ take ! second bean-bl[]1 & glue x 9 ! o!r end ( ! spool1 z %[n at ,d4 ,! bean-bl[] is n[ complete4 ,to op]ate x1 hold ! spool 9 "o h&1 &1 aft] dropp+ a numb] ( beans or peas into ! magaz9e1 place ! palm ( ! o!r h& ov] ! top ( ! pap] funnel1 & bl[ until ! tube is empti$4 ,x is necess>y to close ! op5+ 9 ! top ( ! magaz9e1 or ! beans w bl[ out ( x in/ead ( f ! end ( tube ,d4 ,dri$ peas always "w bett] ?an beans 9 a bean-bl[]1 z !y are r\nd & nev] clog ! tube4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjb4--;,a ,new ,/yle ( ,tick-tack4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjd4 ,,fig4 #cjc4 ,details ( ,crank = ,tick-tack4 ,! l\d drumm+ noise ( a tick-tack rattl$ ^u a w9d[ is en\gh to give any "o ! cold %iv]s1 & if ! gue/s ( a ,hall[e5 p>ty are ga!r$ ab\t ! fire-place1 tell+ weird gho/ /ories1 ?is une>?ly noise is suffici5t to give ev5 ! brave/ he>t a conviction t ! h\se is haunt$ by sup]natural be+s4 ,! writ] & 8 fri5ds us$ to make ,a ,new ,/yle ( ,tick-tack1 su* z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cjb1 :i* claims sev]al advantages ov] ! ord9>y k9d4 ,9 ! fir/ place x has a crank arrangem5t :i* does away ) ! long /r+ t is ev]la/+ly becom+ entangl$1 & only "o boy is necess>y to op]ate x :]e two are requir$ ) ! old-/yle affair4 ,aga91 by hav+ ! tick-tack ^u ! end ( a long pole1 second-/ory w9d[s c easily be rea*$ ) x4 ,= ! mak+ ( ?is tick-tack1 procure two l>ge spools1 "s heavy cord1 & a long pole 7p]haps y c borr[ y\r "m's clo!s-pole = ! occasion74 ,) a knife cut not*es 9 ! flanges ( "o spool1 & fa/5 x to "o end ( ! pole1 driv+ a l>ge nail ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! spool into ! pole 7see ,fig4 #cjb74 ,place ! o!r spool 9 y\r b5*-vise & saw x 9 two pieces1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #cjc & #cjd1 s t ,a is "o-half ! size ( ,b1 or "o-?ird ( ! l5g? ( ! spool4 ,cut a /rip ( wood ab\t six in*es long1 bore a hole ne> "o end a little l>g] ?an a sixte5-p5ny nail1 & nail ! /rip to ! end ( spool ,a s t ! hole comes exactly ov] ! "o 9 ! spool 7see ,fig4 #cjc74 ,atta* spool ,b to ! o!r end ( ,c by means ( a nail driv5 ?r\gh ! hole into ! /rip4 ,! crank is n[ complet$1 & %\ld be fa/5$ to ! l[] end ( ! pole by means ( a nail driv5 ?r\gh ! hole 9 ,a4 ,x w be se5 t ?is tick-tack is a simple piece ( app>atus4 ,! crank at ! l[] end ( ! pole is turn$ & revolves ! not*$ spool at ! upp] end4 ,to keep ! cord f slipp+ on ! pole1 a little res9 %\ld be rubb$ ^u x1 & x might be well also to rub a little ^u ! spools4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cje4 ,! ,clockwork ,tick-tack4 ,a ,clockwork ,tick-tack1 su* z is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cje1 is ano!r good idea1 & "o t c be c>ri$ out ) a few m9utes' "w4 ,remove ! works f an old al>m clock1 & fa/5 !m ) wire or cord to ! end ( a pole1 z %[n4 ,atta* a cord to ! /rik]1 & make x long en\gh to rea* to ! o!r end ( ! pole4 ,make a loop 9 ! end ( ! cord1 & drive a nail into ! pole ov] :i* to loop ! cord to keep ! /rik] 9 *eck4 ,?is tick-tack is work$ by plac+ ! end ( ! pole close to ! w9d[-glass1 ) ! /rik] t[>d ! glass1 & slipp+ ! cord (f its nail4 ,! /rik] is controll$ entirely by ! cord4 ,! ,gobl9-man 7,fig4 #cjf7 is easily made out ( su* mat]ial z y c mo/ g5]ally f9d ab\t ! h\se4 ,! framework = ! body ( ?is gho/ly creature is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cjg1 & consi/s ( a pole ab\t f\r feet long ) ! c5tre ( an eighte5-in* crosspiece nail$ across x4 ,9 ord] to fa/5 ^! pieces firmly toge!r1 !y %\ld be halv$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bfg1 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,! arms consi/ ( two /icks 7,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #cjg7 fa/5$ toge!r at "r angles ) small iron braces1 & screw$ 9 place ne> ! ends ( ! crosspiece1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,holes %\ld be bor$ ?r\gh ! arm pieces 9 ord] t !y may "w freely on ! screws4 ,place a small screw-eye 9 ea* arm at ,b1 & atta* a %ort /r+ to x4 ,a %ort /ick %\ld be nail$ to ! f\r-foot pole ab\t eighte5 in*es f ! l[] end1 s t ! boy :o c>ries ! framework c re/ x ^u 8 %\ld]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjf4--,! ,gobl9-man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjg4--;,framework ( ! ,gobl9-man4 ,! head ( ! gobl9 is a jack-o'-lant]n made out ( a piece ( c>dbo>d1 b5t z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cjh1 & held 9 ?is %ape by means ( broom-wire lac$ back & =? across ! top4 ,cut a hole ! %ape ( an e> 9 ea* side1 & pa/e a piece ( r$ tissue-pap] ov] ! op5+4 ,= ! face1 take a piece ( :ite pap] a little l>g] ?an ! face is go+ to be1 m>k out eyes1 nose1 & m\? ^u x1 & cut ! op5+s = !m4 ,pa/e r$ tissue-pap] ov] ! op5+s = ! eyes1 & m>k a l>ge black pupil 9 ! corn] ( ea* 7,fig4 #cji74 ,= ! m\?1 pa/e a piece ( :ite tissue-pap] ov] ! op5+1 & m>k out ! tee? 9 black 7,fig4 #cji74 ,a piece ( r$ tissue-pap] %\ld be pa/$ ov] ! op5+ = ! nose4 ,aft] f9i%+ ! face1 pa/e x on to ! c>dbo>d head4 ,! gobl9's c\nt5ance is light$ up f )91 by means ( a c&le fa/5$ 9 a bak+-p[d] c4 ,cut d[n "o side ( ! c ) a pair ( t9-%e>s or a c-op5]1 & tack x to ! framework ab\t six in*es above ! crosspiece1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cjg4 ,?is c mu/ n be put 9 place1 h[ev]1 until ! head is fa/5$ to ! framework1 :i* is done by pun*+ a hole 9 ! c>dbo>d l>ge en\gh to admit ! end ( ! pole4 ,get an old d]by = a hat1 &1 aft] pun*+ a few holes 9 ! top = ! heat & smoke ( ! c&le to escape1 sew x to ! c>dbo>d head4 ,cov] ! back ( ! head ) black clo? 9 su* a way t x may be op5$ to light ! c&le4 ,to save ! gobl9-man ! emb>rassm5t ( los+ 8 head1 drive a nail ?r\gh ! cr[n ( ! d]by-hat into ! end ( ! pole4 ,= a neck1 button a cuff ar\nd ! pole betwe5 ! crosspiece & head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjh4 ,,fig4 #cji4 ,,figs4 #cjh-cji4--,! ,gobl9's ,head4 ,a :ite suit ( clo!s is1 ( c\rse1 ! correct /yle = ! gobl9 to we>4 ,?is c be f\nd 9 an old night%irt1 l5g!n$ ) :ite clo?1 if necess>y1 to make x rea* ! gr\nd :5 x is plac$ ^u him4 ,! %\ld]s %\ld be padd$ out to hide ! framework4 ,:5 ! gobl9-man is f9i%$1 /rap ! %\ld]-/ick ( ! frame to y\r %\ld]1 & fa/5 ! end ( ! pole to y\r wai/ ) a belt4 ,y\r h&s are !n free to manipulate ! arms1 by means ( ! cords atta*$ to _! ends4 ,be=e />t+ out ^u ! /reet1 h "s "o light ! c&le 9 ! head4 ,z ?is weird-look+ creature passes along ! /reets1 ) gl>+ eyes & o!r features equally brilliant1 p w h to /op to reassure !mselves t !y are n face to face ) "s une>?ly demon4 ,a trick t w furni% amusem5t = at lea/ a portion ( ! ev5+ is ,! ,disappe>+ ,rope1 :i* is n an entirely new idea1 b "o :i* is always popul>4 ,procure a numb] ( rubb] b&s & tie !m toge!r1 end to end4 ,!n atta* "o end ( ^! to a front f5ce1 & to ! o!r end fa/5 sev]al y>ds ( /r+4 ,aft] do+ ?is1 cross ov] ! sidewalk ) ! /r+1 pull+ x tightly s ! rubb] b&s w /ret*1 & hang a sign ) ! ^w ,,dang] pr9t$ ^u x 9 l>ge lett]s ov] ! /r+ :]e x crosses ! sidewalk4 ,x is only natural t ! p]son :o sees ?is sign w make a grab = x1 ?9k+ y are block+ ! sidewalk to make him walk ar\nd x4 ,?is is y\r opportunity to act quickly & let g ( ! /r+1 :i* w snap back to ! f5ce ^u ! contraction ( ! rubb] b&s1 & disappe> f view1 leav+ y\r mu*-a/oni%$ fri5d to pass on1 kn[+ t ! joke is ^u him4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,a ,,back-,,y>d ,,toboggan-,,slide ,illu/ration3 ,*ildr5 on ! ,toboggan-slide4 ,x is ! mis=tune ( a great _m boys to be depriv$ ( "o ( w9t]'s greate/ sports1 by liv+ 9 a flat c\ntry :]e !re are no hills ^u :i* to coa/4 ,^! boys h little use = sl$s aside f hit*+1 unless !y c make an artificial slide4 ,9 a numb] ( l>ge cities1 toboggan-slides on a l>ge scale are erect$ 9 ! p>ks ea* ye>1 & ?r[n op5 to ! use ( ! public4 ,al?\gh ?is coa/+ _c equal t to be _h on natural hills1 x af=ds a great pa/ime to ?\s&s ( boys & girls1 & is a luxuri\s treat to _m :o h nev] se5 hills l>g] ?an ! artificial p>k v>iety4 ,! con/ruction ( a toboggan-slide is n difficult = a boy or sev]al boys1 & ?\gh x mu/ be limit$ 9 size1 a small slide has an advantage 9 t !re is n a long walk f ! end ( ! run back to ! />t+-po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #caj4--;,a ,back-y>d ,toboggan-slide4 ,x is a good idea to locate ! toboggan-slide 9 a back-y>d or an enclos$ lot1 s t ! outside fell[s _c monopolize x2 & x is well to h "s firm object to :i* ! framework c be fa/5$1 z x saves a great deal ( brac+1 & mat]ially less5s ! am\nt ( lumb] ne$$4 ,! "w %\ld be done 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fall1 be=e ! cold wea!r sets 94 ,figure #caj %[s a slide built 9 ! corn] ( a y>d aga9/ ! f5ce4 ,! ,l5g? w be det]m9$ by ! size ( ! y>d4 ,if ! y>d is %ort1 ! slide %\ld be proportion$ accord+ly1 to all[ ! sl$ its full run be=e rea*+ ! end ( ! lot4 ,a ,plat=m %\ld be built 9 ! corn]1 six feet squ>e1 & ab\t sev5 feet above ! gr\nd4 ,= ?is1 cut f\r two-by-f\rs six feet n9e in*es long1 fa/5 "o 9 ! angle =m$ by ! two f5ces1 & ano!r five feet f\r in*es to ! "r ( x 7,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #cab74 ,! ?ird upright 7,c7 %\ld be nail$ to ! f5ce five feet eight in*es f ,a1 & ! f\r? 7,d7 %\ld be fa/5$ at an equal di/ance f ,b4 ,!n cut two pieces ( two-by-f\r ea* six feet long1 & nail !m across ! tops ( ,a & ,c1 & ,b & ,d1 respectively1 z %[n at ,e & ,f 9 ,fig4 #cab4 ,! uprights %\ld n[ be brac$ ) horizontal & diagonal brac+1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cab1 to give ! plat=m ! necess>y /iffness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #caa-cac4--;,framework ( ,toboggan-slide4 ,aft] decid+ ^u ! l5g? ( ! slide1 lay (f ! di/ance ^u ! gr\nd f ! bottom ( upright ,b1 & drive a /ake into ! gr\nd at ! f>!r end4 ,!n atta* a cord to ! /ake & run x along ! f5ce to a nail driv5 into ! top ( upright ,b4 ,?is cord1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #caa1 m>ks ! pit* ( ! slide1 & w give y a guide-l9e by :i* to "w4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 cut ?ree pieces ( two-by-f\r ab\t two feet long1 & spike !m to ! f5ce j bel[ ! guide-l9e 7see ,g1 ,h1 & ,i1 ,fig4 #caa71 spac+ !m ab\t six feet ap>t on c5tres4 ,:5 ^! h be5 fa/5$ 9 place1 take a piece ( two-by-f\r & m>k (f ^u x ! di/ance f ! gr\nd to ! top ( block ,i4 ,!n squ>e a l9e across ! two-by-f\r at ?is po9t1 at an angle correspond+ to t at :i* block ,i is nail$ to ! f5ce 7see ,fig4 #cac74 ,saw ! two-by-f\r on ?is l9e1 & !n /& x upright 9 front ( block ,i1 ?irty or ?irty-two in*es f ! f5ce 7accord+ to :e!r eight-or t5-in* bo>ds are us$ ^u ! slide71 & spike a piece ( two-by-f\r to ! top ( x & to ! top ( block ,i1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cab4 ,cut & set up a simil> upright & crosspiece at ,g & at ,h1 aft] :i* brace all z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #cab74 ,if y are go+ to buy bo>ds ) :i* to cov] ! plat=m & slide1 get twelve-foot l5g?s1 eight or t5 in*es wide4 ,by us+ ^! y w h no wa/e1 & b little cutt+ to d4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y h mat]ial ( o!r dim5sions on h& :i* y c use1 ! supports ( ! slide %\ld be s spac$ t ! bo>ds w rea* f "o to ano!r4 ,! bo>ds %\ld run l5g?wise ^u ! slide1 & be nail$ to ! framework1 leav+ z small cracks z possible betwe5 !m4 ,9 ord] to prev5t sl$s f runn+ (f ! slide1 a guide %\ld be nail$ to ! edge f>!/ f ! f5ce1 f ! top to ! bottom1 & on ! opposite side :]e x ext5ds above ! f5ce top 7see ,fig4 #caj74 ,aft] nail+ ! plat=m bo>ds 9 place1 ,build a ,rail+ out ( bo>ds ar\nd ?ree sides ( x1 to prev5t any "o f slipp+ (f 7see ,fig4 #caj74 ,a ,ladd]1 made out ( two two-by-f\rs1 ) two-in* /rips nail$ across !m1 %\ld be set aga9/ ! front ( ! plat=m & spik$ 9 place1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration ( ! complet$ slide 7,fig4 #caj74 ,?is w make x easi] to rea* ! plat=m ?an by ! way ( ! icy slide1 & also prev5ts ^? coa/+ f collid+ ) ^? :o are return+4 ,any +5i\s boy w "k h[ to make a swift slide by turn+ ! hose ^u x1 & all[+ ! wat] to run ov] ! surface until e portion is well cov]$4 ,a toboggan-sl$ is out ( proportion = a slide ( ?is size1 & w n be f\nd z satisfactory z a sl$ ) runn]s1 z ! /eepness ( ! slide w n be suffici5t to make x g4 ,a ,home-made ,sl$1 su* z t %[n 9 ,fig4 #cad1 requires b little mat]ial1 & if c>efully made w prove /rong] ?an ! v>iety commonly sold 9 ! %ops4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cad4--;,a ,home-made ,sl$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cae4--,patt]n = ,runn]s4 ,figure #cae %[s ! patt]n = ! runn]s1 :i* %\ld be cut out ( f\r-in* bo>ds1 sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,r\nd ! top edges1 & cut ! front & re> ends z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,make a slot 9 ! place indicat$ = a h&le1 & bore a hole ne> ! front end = ! crosspiece to run ?r\gh4 ,! seat consi/s ( a bo>d cut tw5ty-two in*es long & n9e in*es wide4 ,?is w n be nail$ to ! runn]s b to cleats1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #caf4 ,cut ?ree cleats n9e & "o-qu>t] in*es long1 two in*es wide1 & sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick1 & fa/5 ^! betwe5 ! runn]s1 five-eigh?s ( an in* f _! tops1 plac+ "o ne> ! end ( ! seat1 "o at ! c5tre1 & "o at ! front4 ,f\r two-in* iron braces %\ld be procur$1 & two ( ^! screw$ to ! "u side ( ! front & re> cleats1 & to ! sides ( ! runn]s1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #caf4 ,! seat c !n be nail$ 9 place1 & a broom-h&le fa/5$ 9 ! hole bor$ ne> ! ends ( ! runn]s4 ,! ,be/ ,k9d ( ,iron ,runn]s = a home-made sl$ are ^? t a boy c put on )\t ! aid ( a blacksmi?1 & su* a pair ( runn]s is %[n 9 ! draw+ ( ?is sl$4 ,!y consi/ ( :at are kn[n z half-oval iron /rips1 & c be _h usually at a h>dw>e /ore or blacksmi? %op4 ,a pair =ty in*es long & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* wide1 ) five holes = c\nt]sunk screws drill$ 9 ea*1 c be b\ght = fifty c5ts4 ,:5 !y h be5 procur$1 screw !m to ! bottom ( ! runn]s1 us+ "o in* or "o & "o-qu>t] in* screws = ! purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #caf4--;,a ,section ?r\gh ! ,sl$4 ,al?\gh ^! runn]s are pl5ty heavy en\gh = light coa/+1 !y w\ld probably prove weak = coa/+ ^u hills ( any great size4 ,to )/& ! /ra9 br\ght to be> ^u ! runn]s :5 hill coa/+1 boys g5]ally f9d x necess>y to make !m out ( two-in* /uff4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 makes ! sl$ heavy & clumsy1 & c be done away ) by foll[+ a s*eme :i* a fri5d ( ! writ]'s inv5t$ & f\nd v satisfactory4 ,x consi/$ ( ,ren=c+ ! ,runn]s ) /eel b>s driv5 into holes bor$ v]tically 9 !m4 ,! holes 7 bor$ :ile ! runn]s 7 held 9 a vise1 & ! /eel b>s 7 a little l>g] ?an ! holes1 s t !y w\ld fit !m tightly4 ,?is s*eme all[s ! use ( sev5-eigh?s in* /uff = ! runn]s1 & sixty-p5ny wire nails c be fil$ (f to ! prop] l5g? & sub/itut$ = /eel b>s if ! latt] _c be obta9$4 ,:5 ! sl$ has be5 complet$1 x %\ld be giv5 a good coat ( pa9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,boys ,discuss ! ,project4 ,,"p ,,iii ,indoor ,pa/imes ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,m9iature ,,!atre4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,a ,,m9iature ,,!atre ,illu/ration3 ,*ildr5 at ! ,!atre4 ,probably no?+ c be f\nd :i* w make a m int]e/+ ent]ta9m5t = a w9t] ev5+1 ?an a m9iature !atre patt]n$ z ne>ly z possible aft] a l>ge playh\se4 ,! con/ruction ( ! /age1 & prep>ation ( m9iature sc5]y1 prop]ties1 & me*anical effects1 furni% good "w = disagreeable wea!r :5 x becomes necess>y to rema9 indoors1 & !re is pl5ty ( x1 & ( great en\gh v>iety1 to occupy ! att5tion ( a numb] ( boys4 ,v little mat]ial is necess>y1 outside ( :at g5]ally c be f\nd 9 ! attic1 cell>1 & wood%$1 s t ! exp5se incurr$ by mak+ ! !atre am\nts to almo/ no?+4 ,a gilt picture-frame makes ,an ,excell5t ,prosc5ium = ! front ( ! /age1 &1 z x w n be m>r$ 9 ! lea/1 y c probably borr[ "o = ! occasion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cag4--,! ,/age ,framework4 ,on ! opposite page is %[n a m9iature !atre complet$1 & 9 ,fig4 #cag w be se5 ! prop] con/ruction ( ,! ,/age ,framework1 :i* is made ( n>r[ bo>ds & built ^u two horses ! wid? ( ! picture-frame4 ,make ! horses z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cag1 "o two feet six in*es high & ! o!r two feet n9e in*es high1 us+ two-by-f\rs = ! tops & n>r[ bo>ds = ! legs & braces4 ,aft] con/ruct+ ! horses1 cut f\r bo>ds sev5 feet long & nail two to ! ends ( ea* 7,a & ,b1 ,fig4 #cag71 aft] :i* cut two pieces to rea* across ! tops & nail !m 9 place z %[n at ,c4 ,!n set ! horses five feet ap>t1 ) ! l[] "o 9 front1 & screw ?ree bo>ds to ! tops z %[n at ,d1 ,e1 & ,f1 & ?ree n>r[ /rips to ! top ( ! framework z %[n at ,g1 ,h1 & ,i4 ,/rips ,g1 ,h1 & ,i =m :at is kn[n z ,! ,gridiron1 or supports f :i* ! sc5]y drops are susp5d$1 & %\ld h a r[ ( tacks driv5 into ea* edge1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cag1 ^u :i* to hang ! drops4 ,by fa/5+ ! framework toge!r ) screws1 x may be tak5 ap>t aft] a p]=mance & pack$ away = ano!r "t4 ,! ,/age ,floor re/s ^u bo>ds ,d1 ,e1 & ,f1 & is made ( la?s laid close toge!r1 p>allel to ! front ( ! /age4 ,! la?s %\ld n be nail$ 9 place1 z x is necess>y to h ! /age floor movable4 ,:5 ! "w has proce$$ ?us f>1 set ! picture-frame betwe5 ! uprights ( ! front frame s t ! op5+ comes on a level ) ! /age floor1 & fa/5 x to ,a & ,b ) nails driv5 ?r\gh screw-eyes plac$ 9 ! back ( ! picture-frame4 ,! ,drop-curta9 %\ld be made ( :ite musl91 & measure 9 wid? sev]al in*es wid] ?an ! op5+ 9 ! picture-frame4 ,hem ! two side edges ( ! clo?1 & sew brass r+s on to !m two in*es ap>t4 ,!n tack ! top & bottom to /rips ( wood4 ,a sc5e may be pa9t$ ^u ?is curta91 b y w f9d ! result probably m successful if y pa/e a picture ( "s sort ^u ! clo?1 z sugge/$ 9 ! illu/ration ( ! complet$ !atre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cah4--,view ( ,curta9 f ,/age4 ,9 ,fig4 #cah we h a view f ! /age ( ! arrangem5t by :i* ! curta9 is rais$ & l[]$4 ,two heavy wires %\ld be slipp$ ?r\gh ! r+s on ! curta91 & _! ends fa/5$ to f\r screw-eyes plac$ 9 ! uprights at ,j1 ,k1 ,l1 & ,m4 ,^! =m ! curta9 guides4 ,bore two holes 9 uprights ,a & ,b above ! picture-frame1 & run a broom-/ick ?r\gh !m = a roll]1 aft] :i* make a crank simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #cai & fa/5 x to "o end4 ,place two screw-eyes 9 ! crosspiece at ,n & ,o 7,fig4 #cah7 & slip two cords ?r\gh !m1 ty+ "o end ( ea* to ! top ( ! curta9 & ! o!r end to ! roll]4 ,by turn+ ! crank ! /r+ w n[ w9d ar\nd ! roll] & raise ! curta94 ,x w be necess>y to screw a button on to upright ,a at ,p1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cai1 to lock ! crank :5 ! curta9 is rais$4 ,we (t5 _h two & ?ree drop-curta9s ^u our m9iature !atres1 :i* made x necess>y to h additional roll]s & guide-wires4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cai4--;,crank = ,curta9 ,pole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbj4--,! ,footlights4 ,! greate/ precautions %\ld be tak5 ,9 light+ ! ,!atre1 to h all wood surr\nd+ lights cov]$ ) t91 & n to use c&les or mat*es ar\nd inflammable sub/ances4 ,figure #cbj %[s a satisfactory arrangem5t ( ,! ,footlights4--,a piece ( t9 ! l5g? ( ! picture-frame & t5 in*es wide %\ld be procur$ = ^! & b5t into ! %ape %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,drive tacks ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! t9 ab\t two in*es ap>t1 & /ick a %ort c&le ^u ea*4 ,!n fa/5 ! t9 bel[ ! picture-frame z %[n 9 ! draw+ ( ! complet$ !atre1 & pa9t x black ^u ! outside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cba4 ,,fig4 #cbd4 ,,fig4 #cbb4 ,,fig4 #cbc4 ,details ( ,floodlights4 ,floodlights1 :i* are us$ to ?r[ light f ! w+s on to ! /age1 may be made z %[n 9 ,figs4 #cba1 #cbb1 #cbc1 & #cbd4 ,! case = ! light is made 9 ! same mann] z ! d>k-room lant]n1 describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xi1 & illu/rat$ by ,figs4 #agf & #agg1 except t ! door is plac$ 9 ! side in/ead ( ! back & no glass or pap] is fa/5$ ov] ! front op5+ 7see ,figs4 #cbb & #cbc74 ,make ! op5+ f\r by five in*es1 & fa/5 two grooves1 =m$ by nail+ two /rips ( wood toge!r1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cbd1 above & bel[ x1 9 :i* to slide glass plates = ! purpose ( ?r[+ ,color$ ,lights ^u a sc5e4 ,! slides consi/ ( old f\r-by-five cam]a plates ) color$ tissue-pap] pa/$ ^u !m1 & are op]at$ 9 ! same mann] z magic-lant]n slides4 ,! light %\ld be m\nt$ ^u a /&>d1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cba1 consi/+ ( a sev5-foot pole fa/5$ at ! l[] end to a bo>d & brac$ ) triangul> blocks1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,x %\ld be s atta*$ to ! pole t x c be adju/$ to any desir$ height1 & to atta9 ?is two pipe-/raps %\ld be fa/5$ to ! back ( ! box1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cbb4 ,fir/ nail two v]tical /rips 9 place z at ,a & ,b 9 ! draw+1 & to ^! screw ! two iron pipe-/raps4 ,:5 ! /raps h be5 atta*$1 slip ! end ( ! pole ?r\gh !m1 & place a screw-eye 9 ! box1 ano!r 9 ! pole ne> its upp] end1 & a nail 9 ! side ( ! box4 ,!n atta* a cord to ! screw-eye 9 ! box1 &1 aft] runn+ x ?r\gh ! screw-eye ne> ! top ( ! pole1 twi/ x sev]al times ar\nd ! nail 9 ! side ( ! box1 :i* w hold ! box 9 t position4 ,"o ( ^! lights %\ld be made = ea* side ( ! /age4 ,9 addition to !m1 y may h occasion to use ,spotlights to ?r[ m light ^u "o portion ( a sc5e ?an ano!r4 ,bicycle lamps w be f\nd h&y = ?is purpose4 ,if y\r h\se is wir$ = electricity1 sev]al m9iature inc&esc5t lamps c be procur$ = ! footlights1 :ile l>g] lamps c be us$ = all ! o!r necess>y light+4 ,z ! "w ( mak+ sc5]y1 prop]ties1 & me*anical effects is n 9 ! same l9e z ! con/ruction ( ! /age & its framework1 x has be5 treat$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,be=e sett+ up ! !atre = a p]=mance1 x is well to spread a l>ge clo? ov] ! c>pet1 to cat* any?+ t may drop f ! /age4 ,!n1 ) all ! framework fa/5$ toge!r1 hang drap]ies on ea* side & above & bel[ ! prosc5ium ar*1 z %[n 9 *apt] head+4 ,?is w conceal ev]y?+ b ! prosc5ium op5+4 ,admission ,tickets & programmes %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be pr9t$ ) a pr9t+-press if y h "o2 o!rwise ) rubb] /amps4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,sc5]y1 ,,prop]ties1 ,,& ,,me*anical ,,effects ,illu/ration3 ,work+ on ,drops4 ,sc5]y = a m9iature !atre w be made 9 mu* ! same mann] z ! small drops & w+s a sc5ic arti/ prep>es ( ea* sc5e ( a play1 be=e he comm5ces "w ^u ! l>ge canvasses4 ,any h&y boy w f9d x an easy matt] to prep>e 8 sc5]y1 z x does n require a k ( draw+ s mu* z x does ! knack ( copy+ sc5es f pictures1 & ! prop] plac+ ( ! v>i\s w+s & drops4 ,sev]al simple sugge/ions = wat]1 field1 /reet1 & int]ior sc5es1 ) sket*es ( ! drops & w+s necess>y to complete !m1 h be5 plac$ on ! foll[+ pages ( ?is *apt] ) a view to help+ y ) y\r fir/ attempts at mak+ sc5]y4 ,by ! "t y h made "s ( ^! y w h _h en\gh practice 9 ! "w to devise o!r designs & "w up ! details m elaborately4 ,) a little %ift+ ( drops & w+s1 or sub/itut+ "o = ano!r1 ! appe>ance ( ! sc5e c be suffici5tly *ang$ to make x z good z an entirely new sett+4 ,sev]al examples ( ?is w be f\nd among ! illu/rations4 ,= mat]ials1 y w require "s l>ge pieces ( pap]1 sev]al %eets ( c>dbo>d1 a box ( color$ *alks1 a pair ( %e>s1 & a pot ( pa/e--add to ?is a bun* ( la?s ) :i* to make ! frames1 & "s nails1 screws1 & tacks = fa/5+s4 ,! back ( wall-pap] pres5ts an excell5t surface = *alks1 & sev]al rolls w co/ y b a few c5ts1 z y c pur*ase old-/yle patt]ns4 ,suit & %oe boxes w furni% ! necess>y c>dbo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbe4--;,drop = ,ocean ,sc5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbf4--;,drop 7,d 9 ,ocean ,sc5e74 ,! size & proportion ( ! sc5]y w dep5d entirely ^u ^? ( ! prosc5ium1 & z ^! are gov]n$ by ! size ( ! picture frame y procure1 no attempt w be made to give y ! dim5sions ( w+s & drops2 b y w get a good idea z to _! prop] proportion f ! illu/rations %[n ( ! sc5es set up1 z ! l9e ( ! prosc5ium op5+ is dott$ ^u !m4 ,9 ! full-page illu/ration ( ! complet$ !atre prec$+ ,*apt] ,,xxiii is %[n ,an ,ocean ,sc5e 9 :i* ! entire dep? ( ! /age is us$ = ! sett+4 ,"h y w notice ! drops h be5 made to ext5d beyond ! sides & top ( ! prosc5ium op5+1 a ?+ :i* is necess>y 9 ord] t ^? ( y\r audi5ce sitt+ close to ! front ( ! !atre1 or to "o side ( ! c5tre ( ! /age1 w n be able to see ?r\gh ! op5+s betwe5 ! drops & w+s4 ,figure #cbe %[s h[ ! f\r drops necess>y = ?is sc5e %\ld be made4 ,fir/ sket* drop ,a1 %ad+ ! cl\ds & waves ) color$ *alks z %[n 9 ! draw+ ( ! complet$ !atre4 ,!n cut out ! op5+ 9 its c5tre1 c>efully foll[+ ! outl9es ( ! cl\ds4 ,lay ?is %eet ^u ano!r & m>k out drop ,b1 ) a small] op5+ 9 its c5tre1 & !n1 aft] color+ & cutt+ x out 9 ! same mann] z y did drop ,a1 lay x ^u a ?ird %eet & m>k out drop ,c1 ) a /ill small] op5+ 9 its c5tre 7see ,fig4 #cbe74 ,drop ,d =ms ! backgr\nd ( ! sc5e1 & %\ld be made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cbf1 ) a horizontal l9e sep>at+ ! sky & wat]4 ,) ! exception ( a few :ite caps 9 ! =egr\nd1 no waves %\ld be %[n ^u ?is drop4 ,if wall-pap] is us$ = ! sc5]y1 sev]al wid?s w h to be pa/$ toge!r = ea* drop4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbg4--,waves = ,ocean ,sc5e4 ,additional waves %\ld be made out ( /rips ( pap] & fa/5$ toge!r z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cbg1 ) ! cre/s ( ! waves ( ea* /rip ext5d+ a little above ^? ( ! /rip 9 front4 ,prep>e ?ree sets ( ! waves1 &1 aft] pa/+ "o to ! bottom ( ea* drop1 b5d out ! cre/s s z to leave a little space betwe5 ea* /rip4 ,^! drops %\ld n[ be tack$ to frames made out ( la?s simil> to ,fig4 #cbh1 ) ! corn]s nail$ & brac$ ) diagonal /rips4 ,place a c\ple ( tacks 9 ! top ( ^! frames1 & to ^! atta* cords4 ,! drops %\ld n[ be hung by means ( ! cords to ! tacks 9 ! top /rips ( ! /age framework4 ,space !m ab\t z %[n 9 ! illu/ration ( ! complet$ !atre1 & s adju/ ! l5g?s ( ! cords t1 f a po9t equal to :]e ! c5tre ( y\r audi5ce w be locat$1 ! horizon l9es ( y\r drops w appe> on a l9e ) "o ano!r4 ,!n hav+ f\nd ! prop] l5g?s ( ! cords1 make loops 9 !m s ! drops c be quickly hung 9 place )\t fur!r adju/m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbh4--;,frames = ,drops4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbi4--,rocks = a ,sea%ore ,sc5e4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ( ! ocean sc5e a /one wall has be5 %[n1 :i* %\ld be made ^u a /rip ( c>dbo>d1 ) ! jo9ts ( ! /ones m>k$ (f ) gray pa9t4 ,?is /rip %\ld be set aga9/ ! bottom ( ! front drop4 ,to *ange ?is sett+ into ,a ,mid-ocean ,sc5e1 x is only necess>y to sub/itute a /rip ( waves simil> to ,fig4 #cbg 9 place ( ! /one wall2 & ,a ,sea%ore ,sc5e c be _h by mak+ a /rip ( rocks simil> to ,fig4 #cbi to set aga9/ ! front drop1 & cov]+ ! =egr\nd ) s& to =m ! bea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cca4--;,drop 7,g 9 ,field & ,blockh\se ,sc5e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccb4--;,drop 7,h 9 ,field1 ,blockh\se1 & ,/reet ,sc5e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccj4 ,a ,,field ,,sc5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cch4 ,a ,,blockh\se ,,sc5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccc4--,w+4 ,f5ce & ,foliage 7,i 9 ,field ,sc5e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccd4--,w+ 7,j 9 ,field & ,blockh\se ,sc5e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cce4--,w+ 7,k 9 ,/reet & ,blockh\se ,sc5e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccf4--,/&>d = ,trees4 ,a ,field ,sc5e %\ld be set up z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ccj4 ,make ! backgr\nd drop ,g simil> to ,fig4 #cca1 tack+ x to a frame z y did ! drops ( ! ocean sc5e1 & prep>e ! =egr\nd drop ,h simil> to ,fig4 #ccb1 tack+ its upp] edge to a s+le la? f :i* x c be hung 9 position4 ,draw ! leaves ^u drop ,h ab\t z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & 9 cutt+ out ! /rip make a few op5+s betwe5 ! leaves z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,w+s ,i & ,j are %[n 9 ,figs4 #ccc & #ccd4 ,^! %\ld be drawn ^u c>dbo>d1 & !n cut out ) a %>p knife1 ) op5+s made 9 places betwe5 ! leaves & bran*es4 ,tack ! bottom ( ,! ,trees to small blocks ( wood = /&>ds 7see ,fig4 #ccf71 & drive brads ?r\gh ! blocks s !y w /ick into ! /age floor & prev5t ! trees f toppl+ ov]4 ,9 sett+ up ?is sc5e1 z 9 ! case ( all o!rs1 y w h to %ift ! pieces until all entrances & exits are hidd5 by ! w+s4 ,! places c !n be m>k$ ^u ! /age floor4 ,?is sc5e w occupy b ! front "p ( ! /age4 ,if a great] dep? is desir$1 x w be necess>y to prep>e additional w+s1 :i* c be made simil> to ,figs4 #ccc & #ccd1 ) possibly a few *anges 9 ! =m ( ! bran*es & leaves4 ,figure #cce %[s a tree t c be us$ = ! c5tre ( a sc5e4 ,a little e>? scatt]$ ov] ! /age floor w give ! appe>ance ( gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccg4--;,blockh\se 7,l 9 ,blockh\se ,sc5e74 ,by us+ ! same backgr\nd drop1 ,g1 & ! =egr\nd drop1 ,h 7,figs4 #cca & #ccb71 trees1 ,j & ,k 7,figs4 #ccd & #cce71 & mak+ a blockh\se & /ockade simil> to ,l 7,fig4 #ccg71 y w h ! prop] sett+ = ,a ,blockh\se ,sc5e1 su* z is %[n 9 ,fig #cch4 ,! blockh\se %\ld be fa/5$ to a /rip ( wood 9 ! same mann] z y fa/5$ ! ends ( ! trees 7see ,fig4 #ccf74 ,= outdoor sc5]y1 & especially =e/ sc5es1 ! writ] rememb]s us+ ,p9e ,b\ghs = trees & %rubb]y4 ,^! 7 cut into pieces ( ! "r l5g? = trees1 ) _! ends po9t$ s !y w\ld /ick into gimlet holes made 9 ! la?s ( ! /age floor2 & loose pieces 7 ?r[n 9 betwe5 = %rubb]y4 ,m\nds & hills 7 made ) moss4 ,?is sav$ ! "w ( mak+ s _m drops1 &1 ( c\rse1 look$ a little m reali/ic ?an pap] sc5]y1 b 0 n z h&y to set up1 & caus$ long] delays betwe5 ! sc5es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdj4--;,drop 7,m 9 ,/reet ,sc5e74 ,ru/ic ,bridges c easily be con/ruct$ ) a few twigs1 z c also ru/ic seats & f5ces4 ,a v reali/ic ,pond or ,lake c be repres5t$ by plac+ a piece ( a mirror ^u ! /age floor1 & bank+ s& or moss ar\nd its edge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cci4 ,a ,,/reet ,,sc5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cda4--,w+ 7,o 9 ,/reet ,sc5e74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdb4--,w+ 7,n 9 ,/reet ,sc5e74 ,figure #cci %[s a simple sett+ = ,a ,/reet ,sc5e4--,! backgr\nd w be made simil> to ,fig4 #cdj1 & ! w+s ,n & ,o z %[n 9 ,figs4 #cda & #cdb1 :ile drop ,h & w+ ,k are ! same z us$ = ! o!r sc5es 7see ,figs4 #ccb & #cce74 ,w+ ,o1 ! h\se ^u ! "r ( ! /age1 w be made 9 "o piece1 ) w9d[ op5+s cut 9 x & cov]$ ) tissue-pap] rul$ to repres5t ! w9d[-sa% 7see ,fig4 #cda74 ,%[ ! trim ar\nd ! op5+s & also ! sid+ ^u ! build+4 ,!n fa/5 ! back ( ! w+ to a /&>d su* z us$ = ! trees 7see ,fig4 #ccf74 ,w+ ,n1 or build+ ^u ! left ( ! /age1 w require a numb] ( pieces ( c>dbo>d to %[ its p]spective correctly4 ,make ! front ( ! build+ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cdb4 ,!n fa/5 a piece ( c>dbo>d to edge ,a = ! side1 ?ree pieces at ,b1 ,c1 & ,d = ! ro(1 & a /rip across ! front at ,e = ! por* ro(4 ,! pieces c be fa/5$ toge!r be/ ) /rips ( l95 glu$ to _! inside surfaces4 ,! por* ro( w be support$ ^u f\r po/s made out ( /rips ( c>dbo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cci4 ,?is build+ w be ! village po/-(fice1 groc]y1 & h>dw>e /ore comb9$1 & %\ld h a numb] ( signs to ?is effect pa9t$ ^u ! front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdc4--;,a ,simple ,int]ior ,sc5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdd4--,patt]n = ,walls ( ,int]ior ,sc5e4 ,to ! sev]al outdoor sc5es already describ$1 y %\ld add a sett+ ( ,an ,int]ior1 z y w probably h occasion to use "o 9 any play y produce 9 y\r m9iature !atre4 ,figure #cdc %[s a simple int]ior1 ! size ( :i* w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d ^u t ( ! /age4 ,h[ev]1 x %\ld n be v deep4 ,figure #cdd %[s ! patt]n by :i* to cut ! five pieces ( c>dbo>d1 ( :i* ! walls are made4 ,! edges ( ^! pieces %\ld be glu$ toge!r ) /rips ( l954 ,cut ! door op5+s at ,f1 ,g1 & ,h1 two w9d[ op5+s at ,i & ,j1 & slots 9 ! tops ( ,b & ,d at ,k1 ,l1 ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 & ,p1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,make ! doors out ( pieces ( c>dbo>d1 h++ !m to ! op5+s ) l95 /rips1 & draw ! w9d[-sa% & _! divisions ^u tissue-pap] & pa/e !m ov] ! op5+s ,i & ,j4 ,oil ! pap] if x is n v transp>5t1 s ! audi5ce c see ! villa9 :5 he passes by ! w9d[s4 ,make a wa9scot+ ar\nd ! walls to ! height ( ! w9d[-sills1 rul+ ! bo>ds ) a lead p5cil1 & draw a l9e across wall ,c a little bel[ ! bottom ( slots ,m & ,n 9 walls ,b & ,d1 z %[n4 ,if y h us$ :ite c>dbo>d = ! walls1 & n injur$ its cal5d]$ surface :5 cutt+ ! op5+s1 x w h a good pla/] appe>ance4 ,o!rwise1 cov] ! c>dbo>d ) :ite or t9t$ pap]4 ,pa9t ! wa9scot+ & ! door & w9d[ trimm+s br[n4 ,to set up ! room1 b5d ! walls into ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #cdc4 ,!n cut ?ree /rips ( c>dbo>d sev]al in*es long] ?an ! wid? ( ! room & slip !m into ! slots y h cut 9 ! tops ( ! walls ,b & ,d 7see ,q1 ,r1 & ,s1 ,fig4 #cdc74 ,t is a drop l ,s1 b is susp5d$ 9 front f ! gridiron4 ,^! /rips =m ! ceil+ ( ! room1 & g5]ally h beams or m\ld+s pa9t$ across _! bottom edges1 b x w simplify matt]s to leave !m pla91 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! l9e :i* y h drawn across ! re> wall corresponds ) ^! /rips4 ,cut a numb] ( illu/rations f a magaz9e = pictures1 & ei!r hang !m ^u ! walls or pa/e !m to ! c>dbo>d4 ,doll furni%+s c be us$ to complete ! sc5e4 ,!re are a great v>iety ( subjects ^u :i* a boy c base 8 plays1 b :at probably w make ! mo/ int]e/+ programme & "o ( ! simple/ to prep>e is ,a ,w> ,drama4--,9 ?is y c picture a numb] ( battles aft] ! descriptions y h read 9 y\r hi/ory1 or dramatize "o ( y\r favorite w> /ories1 br++ its "y h]oes be=e ! footlights4 ,?is class ( plays w give y an opportunity to use ,pap] ,soldi]s = actors4 ,probably y h a supply ( ^!1 b if n1 y c get !m at any toy /ore4 ,!y come ^u pr9t$ %eets ready to be cut out1 & z !y co/ only a p5ny a %eet x pays to buy r ?an make !m4 ,cavalry & infantry ( ab\t e nationality1 ,indians 9 v>i\s positions ^u horseback & on foot1 & a l>ge assortm5t ( ,am]ican soldi]s 9 m>*+ ord] & fight+ array are n[ to be f\nd 9 ^! %eets4 ,= ,m>*+ ,soldi]s across ! /age1 tack _! feet to a la? z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cde1 & !n slide ! la? across ! /age1 at ! same "t pu%+ out "o ( ! la?s =m+ ! floor4 ,! mov+ ( ! la?s sc>cely w be noticeable f ! position ( y\r audi5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cde4--,s*eme = ,m>*+ ,soldi]s4 ,sep>ate ,/&>ds = soldi]s y wi% to set ab\t ! /age %\ld h small /rips ( c>dbo>d glu$ to _! backs & b5t out 9 ! same mann] z easel-backs are made4 ,at lea/ f\r or five ( ! soldi]s %\ld be jo9t$ s !y c walk ab\t ! /age & appe> p]haps a little m graceful 9 _! actions ?an _! /iff-jo9t$ comrades :o are fa/5$ to la?s4 ,figure #cdf %[s ,a ,jo9t$ ,figure made out ( a pap] soldi]4 ,suppose y h a soldi] 9 "s su* position z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cdg4 ,fir/ cut (f ! legs along ! dott$ l9es %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 ea* leg 9 two pieces 7see ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & ,d1 ,figs4 #cdg & #cdh74 ,remove also ! h& project+ beyond ! body at ,e4 ,a small piece ( c>dbo>d ( ! same ?ickness z t ^u :i* ! soldi]s are pr9t$ %\ld be glu$ to ! back ( ,c & ,d :]e ^? pieces 7 cut into 9 cutt+ (f ! legs 7see ,f1 ,g1 & ,h1 ,fig4 #cdh74 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 pivot ,a & ,b to ,c & ,d at ,f & ,g1 & !n pivot ! ends ( ,c & ,d at ,h & ,i to ! hips ( ! soldi] 7see ,fig4 #cdf74 ,?read %\ld be us$ = pivot+ ^! pieces toge!r1 ) knots ti$ on ei!r end4 ,new arms w h to be made1 z ^? pr9t$ ^u ! body _c be cut out4 ,^! are made 9 two pieces simil> to ,j & ,k 9 ,fig4 #cdh4 ,y w f9d x a simple ?+ to make !m & pa9t ! h&s fle% color & ! sleeves to mat* ! re/ ( ! clo!s4 ,pivot ,j to ,k at ,l & ! end ( ,k to ! %\ld] at ,m4 ,! arm pr9t$ ^u ! side ( ! figure %\ld n[ be pa9t$ s z to bl5d ) ! color ( ! coat4 ,! :ite c>dbo>d glu$ to ! jo9ts %\ld also be pa9t$ to correspond ) ! re/ ( ! body4 ,y w f9d ?is me?od ( mak+ a jo9t$ soldi] mu* easi] ?an to attempt to draw1 pa9t1 & cut out "o ( y\r own design4 ,figures 9 o!r positions c1 ( c\rse1 be jo9t$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #cdf-cdh4 ,s*eme = mak+ a ,jo9t$ ,figure4 ,! movem5ts ( a jo9t$ figure are controll$ ) pieces ( silk-?read atta*$ to ! h&s1 feet1 & head1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cdf4 ,^! ?reads %\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh ! top ( ! /age framework & loops made 9 _! ends %\ld slip ov] ! f+]s ( y\r h&s1 9 :i* position !y c be op]at$4 ,x w take a little practice be=eh& to enable y to "w ! ?reads successfully1 s y w n be responsible = su* laughable p]=mances z mak+ him dance :ile deliv]+ a f>ewell address1 or leave ! sc5e ?r\gh ! top ( ! /age dur+ an excit+ portion ( ! play4 ,9 an int]ior sc5e1 su* z ,fig4 #cdc1 ! jo9t$ figures w h to make _! entres & exits ?r\gh ! passages betwe5 ! front walls & ! prosc5ium1 z ! op]at+ cords w\ld int]f]e ) !m go+ ?r\gh ! o!r op5+s4 ,! figures :i* pass ?r\gh ! doors w h to be tack$ to ! floor la?s & %ov$ across ! /age4 ,all ! small movable furni%+s ( a sc5e are kn[n z ,/age ,prop]ties4--,^! include su* pieces z furniture1 boats1 c>ts1 & tra9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cej4 ,,fig4 #cdi4 ,a ,t5t4 ,t5ts w be necess>y prop]ties = an encampm5t sc5e4 ,^! %\ld be cut out ( :ite pap] ! patt]n ( ,fig4 #cdi1 !n fold$ along ! dott$ l9es1 & edge ,b pa/$ ov] ! flap ,a4 ,! front flaps w be left op54 ,figure #cej %[s ! t5t set up4 ,an ,indian ,teepee w also be requir$ = ,indian w>f>e4 ,foll[ ! patt]n %[n 9 ,fig4 #cea1 m>k+ x (f z ?\gh x 7 made up ( a numb] ( sk9s1 & place a few figures ( decoration ^u x4 ,!n cut ?ree or f\r %ort /icks &1 aft] cross+ _! ends z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ceb1 fa/5 ! pap] cov]+ ov] !m1 b5d+ flap ,a along ! dott$ l9e1 & pa/+ ,b ov] x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cea4 ,,fig4 #ceb4 ,a ,teepee4 ,! field sc5e 7,fig4 #ccj7 & ! blockh\se sc5e 7,fig4 #cch7 w be us$ = ! sett+s ( y\r battle-fields4 ,= y\r m9iature sea-fights1 ! mid-ocean sc5e w be us$4 ,battle%ips %\ld be made out ( c>dbo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cec1 ) ! ma/s ren=c$ at ! back ) /rips ( wood1 & ! rigg+ made ) heavy ?read4 ,x w be well to h a numb] ( pictures f :i* to "w 9 draw+ & pa9t+ ! v>i\s %ips ( y\r fleet4 ,! hull ( ea* %ip %\ld be curv$ z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & m\nt$ ^u a c>dbo>d rock]4 ,make a numb] ( sla%es along ! curv$ edge ( ! hull1 & b5d out ! little flaps alt]nately1 fir/ to "o side & !n to ! o!r 7see ,a 9 draw+71 aft] :i* glue !m to ! rock]4 ,atta* a cord at ,b1 ) :i* to pull ! %ip across ! /age1 & ano!r cord at ,c1 ) :i* to guide ! /]n4 ,! hull w1 ( c\rse1 run betwe5 ! /rips ( waves1 s z to be half conceal$ by !m4 ,a p]son _c imag9e h[ reali/ic ^! little battle%ips appe> :5 toss+ ab\t ^u ! toy waves1 )\t hav+ se5 !m 9 op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cec4--;,a ,battle%ip4 ,tra9s & ,wagons c be cut out ( c>dbo>d & mov$ across ! /age by means ( la?s to :i* !y h be5 atta*$ 9 ! same mann] z ! pap] soldi]s %[n 9 ,fig4 #cde4 ,toy wagons1 c>riages1 & an automobile su* z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxvi1 may also be us$ 9 "s sc5es4 ,ra91 w9d1 ?und]1 & su* /age s\nds1 a moon or sun-rise1 & lightn+1 z produc$ on ! /age1 are kn[n z ,me*anical ,effects4--,mo/ ( ^! c easily be adapt$ to y\r !atre1 ?\gh ! app>atus ne$ n be z elaborate z t us$ by pr(essionals4 ,?und] c be produc$ by means ( a l>ge piece ( heavy c>dbo>d held by "o corn]1 z %[n 9 ! *apt] head+1 & vibrat$ back & =?4 ,! beat+ ( ,ra9 ^u ! outside ( a h\se is imitat$ ) a small quantity ( dri$ peas or beans dropp$ ^u ! head ( a drum or into a c>dbo>d box4 ,e "t ! door is op5$ dur+ su* a /orm1 ! audi5ce %\ld he> ! :i/l+ ( ! ,w9d1 :i* is imitat$ by a few l[ drawn-out :i/les4 ,! /age mu/1 ( c\rse1 be d>k = produc+ ,lightn+1 9 ord] to get ! be/ effects4 ,! fla%es c be made by ignit+ a small am\nt ( fla%-light p[d]1 plac$ 9 a t9 c cov]4 ,! ,ro> ( ,cannon & fir+ ( small] guns c be imitat$ to good effect ^u a drum4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,mak+ ,a ,,toy ,,railway ,illu/ration3 ,bicycle ,p[]$ ,railway4 ,x is (t5 ?\ght t a toy railway is beyond a boy's +5uity to con/ruct1 :]eas1 9 reality1 x is "o ( ! simple/ toys he c make4 ,?is applies to ! tracks1 /ations1 & c>s ( e description1 all ( :i* c be made ) a few /rips ( wood1 "s spools1 nails1 c>dbo>d1 & a bottle ( glue1 = mat]ials4 ,if y h pass$ ! age ( c>+ = su* toys z ?is1 y w1 no d\bt1 enjoy ! mak+ ( "o = y\r y\ng] bro!r1 or = "o ( y\r boy relatives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ced4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cee4--,! ,toy ,railway 9 ,op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cef4--,support = ,trolley-l9e4 ,figure #cee %[s a railway set up & 9 runn+ ord]4 ,z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 ,! ,trolley-l9e1 or ov]head cable1 runs ar\nd ! :eels ( two supports1 "o at ei!r end ( ! track4 ,prep>e f\r pieces ( wood ! %ape & size ( t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ced = ! uprights ( ^! supports1 & make two :eels ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! :eels may be m>k$ out ) a piece ( /r+ & p5cil z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bja1 ,*apt] ,,xv1 if y hav5't a compass4 ,:5 ! :eels h be5 cut out1 place !m 9 y\r b5*-vise1 "o at a "t1 & ) a rasp make a groove ar\nd ! edge z %[n at ,c1 ,fig4 #cef4 ,bore a ?ree-eigh?s in* hole ?r\gh ea* upright at ,f1 ,fig4 #ced1 & ano!r ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ea* :eel4 ,n[ fa/5 two ( ! uprights six in*es ap>t ^u a block ( wood1 z %[n at ,a & ,b1 ,fig4 #cef4 ,:ittle a %aft to fit loosely 9 ! holes ( ! uprights1 &1 aft] slipp+ x into !m1 fa/5 "o ( ! :eels ^u "o end & a small spool ^u ! o!r 7see ,c & ,d 9 ,fig4 #cef74 ,a weight ( "s sort %\ld be fa/5$ to ! base1 z %[n at ,e4 ,! uprights = ! o!r support %\ld be simil>ly m\nt$ ^u ano!r block ( wood4 ,fa/5 ! rema9+ :eel to an axle run ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! uprights1 &1 z x is unnecess>y to h a spool ^u ! o!r end ( ! axle1 cut x (f %ort & drive a nail ?r\gh x to prev5t x f slipp+ ?r\gh ! holes4 ,hav+ ?us prep>$ ! supports1 place !m z f> ap>t z y wi% to ext5d ! railway1 & run a cord ar\nd ! two :eels & tie x4 ,!n set ! supports a little f>!r ap>t1 if necess>y1 to tight5 ! cord4 ,run ano!r cord f spool ,d to ,a ,wat]-motor1 /eam eng9e1 or :atev] p[] y c get ) :i* to op]ate ! railway4 ,a bicycle inv]t$ ) ! tire remov$ f its re> :eel has be5 us$ satisfactorily1 z has also a sew+-ma*9e ) ! belt slipp$ (f & ! cord f ! spool put 9 its place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ceg4--,! ,tracks4 ,a good sub/itute = ! t9 tracks ord9>ily sold 9 %ops = toy railways w be f\nd 9 ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #ceg4 ,^! ,tracks consi/ ( qu>t]-in* /rips m\nt$ ^u pieces ( c>dbo>d4 ,make a small gimlet-hole 9 "o end ( ea* /ick1 & drive a %ort f9i%+ nail 9 ! opposite end 7see ,fig4 #ceg74 ,cut ! c>dbo>d /rips ! l5g? ( ! /icks1 & tack !m to ! /icks z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,if in* & "o-half spools are us$ = ! c> :eels1 ! inside gauge ( ! tracks %\ld be an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,by lapp+ ! c>dbo>d /rips ov] ! ends ( ! /icks1 & ! /icks ov] ! ends ( ! c>dbo>d /rips1 & plac+ ! nail d[els 9 ! ends ( ! /icks z 9 ! draw+1 a /rong track is =m$ :5 ! pieces are fitt$ toge!r4 ,?is may be ext5d$ to any desir$ l5g? by add+ m sections to x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ceh4--;,a ,top ,view ( ,c> ,truck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cei4--,spool ,:eels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfa4 ,,fig4 #cfj4 ,! ,c>s = ?is railway w h _! trucks con/ruct$ alike1 & x is a simple matt] to trans=m a c> f "o /yle into ano!r4 ,figure #ceh %[s a top view ( a truck4 ,= ! b$ ( ?is cut a ?ree-eigh?s-in* bo>d twelve in*es long by two & "o-qu>t] in*es wide1 &1 aft] r\nd+ ! ends z %[n 9 ! draw+1 cut a mortise at ,a & ,b two & ?ree-eigh?s in*es f ei!r end4 ,procure two "o & "o-half in* spools = :eels1 & drive a wood5 peg ?r\gh ! hole 9 ea*1 cutt+ (f ! ends s !y project a little beyond ! hole1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cei4 ,!n bore f\r holes 9 ! edges ( ! truck-b$ ) a gimlet at ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 & ,f 7see draw+71 &1 aft] sett+ ! spools 9 mortises ,a & ,b1 pivot !m 9 place ) small f9i%+ nails driv5 into ! wood5 pegs4 ,^! nails %\ld fit loosely 9 ! gimlet holes4 ,9 ord] to drive !m into ! exact c5tres ( ! spools1 x is be/ to locate ^! po9ts ^u ! ends ( ! pegs be=e plac+ ! spools 9 ! frame4 ,a qu>t]-in* hole %\ld be bor$ 9 ! top ( ! truck-b$ at ,g & ,h 7,fig4 #ceh7 9 :i* to fa/5 ! two uprights ,i & ,j 7see ,fig4 #cfj74 ,make ! uprights f\r in*es long & :ittle a peg ^u ! l[] ends to fit holes ,g & ,h 7see ,fig4 #cfa74 ,bore a hole ) a gimlet 9 ! top ( ea* & run a piece ( heavy wire f "o to ! o!r1 b5d+ x z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cfj4 ,fa/5 ,k betwe5 ,i & ,j1 z %[n4 ,place a small brass r+ ^u ! wire be=e y fa/5 x 9 place4 ,a small hook %\ld be screw$ into "o end ( ! truck & a screw-eye into ! o!r end = c\pl+s1 %\ld y wi% to hit* two or m c>s toge!r4 ,a ,gondola ,c>1 su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cfb1 %\ld h its truck made simil> to ,fig4 #ceh1 ) ! exception t x %\ld be two in*es %ort]1 9 ord] t cig>-box /rips c be us$ = ! side-pieces4 ,cut ! /rips an in* & "o-half high & fa/5 !m to ! b$ ( ! c> ) brads4 ,?is c> may be us$ z a trail]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfb4--;,a ,gondola ,c>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfc4--,side ,view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfd4--;,end ,view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #cfe-cgc4--;,details ( ,toy ,/reet ,c>4 ,! c> %[n 9 ,fig4 #cfj is a r crude affair1 b ) a little m "w may be trans=m$ into a bett]-look+ c>-- ,a ,/reet ,c> su* z is %[n 9 ,figs4 #cfc & #cfd be+ an example ( :at c be made4 ,! sides1 ends1 & ro( ( ?is c> are made ( c>dbo>d1 ! patt]ns = ! cutt+ ( :i* are %[n on page #cci4 ,figure #cfe %[s a cross section tak5 ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! c>4 ,! two side-pieces ,a %\ld be fir/ prep>$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cff4 ,) a rul] & lead-p5cil draw 9 ! w9d[s ab\t z %[n 9 ! draw+1 us+ d\ble l9es to indicate ! sa%4 ,!n1 ) a %>p knife1 cut out ! c5tre ( ea* j inside ( ! inn] l9e4 ,^! w9d[s may be left op5 or may be cov]$ on ! inside ) tissue-pap]4 ,if tissue-pap] is us$ oil x to make x m transp>5t4 ,:5 ! two sides h be5 prep>$1 b5d ea* along ! dott$ l9es 7see ,fig4 #cff7 & tack "o to ea* side ( y\r c> truck z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cfe4 ,:5 prop]ly b5t1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! upp] "p ( ! sides %\ld be two & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es4 ,cut ! two inn] ends ( ! c> ! %ape ( ,fig4 #cfg1 us+ a compass ) a radius ( two & "o-half in*es ) :i* to describe ! curve at ! top4 ,draw 9 ! panels & sa% l9es z y did ^? ^u ! side-pieces1 be+ c>eful to get !m on ! same level1 & cut out ! door & w9d[ op5+s4 ,fa/5 ^! end-pieces betwe5 ! sides ) glue1 & also tack !m to ! uprights ( ! c> 7,i & ,j1 ,fig4 #cfj71 :i* w come j inside ( !m4 ,! ro( is made 9 two sections 7,b & ,c1 ,fig4 #cfe74 ,= ,b cut a piece ( c>dbo>d twelve & "o-qu>t] by ?ree & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 7,fig4 #cfh71 draw ! curv$ end ) a compass1 us+ ! radius %[n on ! draw+1 & slit ! corn]s z indicat$ by ! dott$ l9es4 ,:5 ?is piece has ?us be5 prep>$1 remove ! wire f ! top ( ! truck 7see ,fig4 #cfj74 ,b5d ! c>dbo>d ov] ! sides & ends ( ! c>1 & lap corn]s ,d & ,e ov] ,f & ,g1 & ,h & ,i ov] ,j & ,k1 tack+ !m ) ?read to hold !m 9 place4 ,to fa/5 ?is "p ( ! ro( to ! top ( ! c>1 cut a numb] ( small /rips ( l951 & glue !m to ! "u side ( ! ro( & to ! inside face ( ! sides & ends ( ! c> 7see ,fig4 #cfe74 ,! upp] portion ( ! ro( ,c %\ld be made out ( a piece ( c>dbo>d b5t into ! %ape ( ,fig4 #cfi & cut at ! ends s ! upp] portion ( ,c projects a little beyond its sides4 ,draw ! v5tilation lights ^u ! sides ( ,c z %[n on ! draw+s1 & !n fa/5 ! piece ^u ! top ( ,b ) /rips ( l95 9 ! same mann] z y fa/5$ ,b 9 place4 ,c %\ld n[ h ! same curve to its top z ,b4 ,cut & glue a piece ( c>dbo>d 9 ea* end ( ,c to complete ! ro(4 ,! %ape ( ?is piece is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cgj4 ,! out] ends ( ! c> %\ld be made z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cga & tack$ ar\nd ! ends ( ! wood5 truck plat=m1 & also fa/5$ to ! "u side ( ! ro( ) /rips ( l954 ,! w9d[ op5+s may be cut 9 ! ends1 b x w make a /rong] c> if !y are simply drawn ^u x4 ,cut f\r c>dbo>d /eps simil> to ,fig4 #cgb & tack !m to ! sides ( ! front & re> plat=ms4 ,:5 ! c> has be5 put toge!r1 replace ! wire 9 ! tops ( uprights ,i & ,j 7,fig4 #cfj71 runn+ ! ends ?r\gh ! ro( 7see ,fig4 #cfc74 ,pa9t ! sides & ends ( ! c> yell[ ) br[n trimm+s1 & pa9t ! ro( a light gray4 ,wat] colors c be us$ = ! purpose4 ,lett] ! "n ( y\r c>-l9e ^u ! sides & ! numb] ( ! c> ^u ea* end & side4 ,! r\te %\ld be lett]$ ^u /rips ( c>dbo>d ) p9s run ?r\gh !m z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cgc1 ^! /rips to /ick 9 ! ro( ( ! c> 7see ,figs4 #cfc & #cfd74 ,hav+ se5 h[ ! c> is made1 y w f9d x a simple matt] to make designs = ,o!r ,c>s1 us+ ! same s*eme = ! trucks1 & alt]+ ! patt]ns = ! sides1 ends1 & ro(1 to suit ! design4 ,no?+ has1 z yet1 be5 said ab\t ! ,op]ation ( ! ,railway1 & ?\gh ,fig4 #cee probably %[s suffici5tly cle>ly h[ x is run1 a few words may be helpful4 ,! c> or c>s are plac$ betwe5 ! wood5 tracks1 & ! trolley 7or cord atta*$ to ! r+ on top ( ! c>7 is ti$ to ! trolley-l9e z 9 ! illu/ration4 ,^u />t+ y\r eng9e1 wat]-motor1 or :atev] motive-p[] y h1 ! c> w run f "o end ( ! track to ! o!r4 ,:5 x has rea*$ ! support ( ! trolley-l9e1 x w /op long en\gh = ! cord trolley to pass ar\nd ! wood5 :eel1 & !n run 9 ! opposite direction until ! o!r support is rea*$4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! trolley hangs to ! upp] "p ( ! cable1 or trolley-l9e1 9 runn+ "o way1 & to ! l[] "p on ! return run4 ,9 *ang+ ! direction ( ! run1 ! r+ to :i* ! trolley is atta*$ slides to ! o!r end ( ! c>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgd4--,! ,railway ,depot4 ,a ,/ation su* z is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cgd is made out ( c>dbo>d & m\nt$ ^u a sev5-eigh?s-in* bo>d l>ge en\gh to =m a railway plat=m4 ,aft] cutt+ out ! side-& end-pieces1 ) door & w9d[ op5+s plac$ z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 fa/5 !m toge!r ) /rips ( l95 glu$ 9 ! corn]s4 ,make ! ro( l[ & ext5d x ov] ! plat=m ^u ea* side & ov] ! gable-ends1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,pa9t ! sides ( ! depot ! regulation depot r$1 & ! ro( a %+le or slate color4 ,pa9t ! door & w9d[-sa% black1 lett] ! "n ( ! /ation ^u ! gable-ends1 & ) a rul] & lead-p5cil rule (f ! bo>ds ^u ! sides1 & ! slate or %+les ^u ! ro(4 ,z ?is is a typical railway /ation1 two may be made ( ! same patt]n1 "o = ei!r end ( y\r c> l9e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,clockwork ,,automobiles ,illu/ration3 ,*ildr5 ,play ) ,toy ,automobiles4 ,x is g5]ally easy = a boy to get hold ( a set ( old clockworks1 = a disc>d$ clock ( "s sort is almo/ c]ta9 to be f\nd 9 ! h\sehold /or]oom4 ,if ! ma9-spr+ is intact1 x is highly probable t a little t9k]+ & clean+ w be suffici5t to put ! me*anism 9 work+ ord]1 at lea/ s t x c be us$ = runn+ small eng9es1 automobiles1 & o!r me*anical toys t mo/ int]e/ boys4 ,be=e tak+ a set ( works ap>t1 x is well to exam9e x c>efully & note ! positions ( ! v>i\s spr+s & :eels1 s x w be possible to put !m toge!r aga9 prop]ly %\ld y wi% to d s4 ,)\t tak+ notice ( ?is1 y are likely to h a h&ful ( :eels z a result1 ) :i* y c d no?+ except p]haps conv]t !m into tops4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgg4--,top ,view ( ,wood5 ,frame4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cge4 ,,! ,,c> ,,complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgf4 ,,! ,,framework4 ,! adaption ( a set ( works to ,an ,automobile ,t\r+-c> is %[n 9 ,figs4 #cge & #cgf1 ! =m] %[+ ! little ma*9e complet$ & ! latt] its frame ) ! clockworks fa/5$ 9 place4 ,! same s*eme z t us$ = ! c>s ( ! toy railway describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] w be foll[$ 9 mak+ ,! ,frame ( ! automobile1 z t is ab\t ! simple/ way1 & makes a light1 easy-runn+ vehicle4 ,! b$ w be cut ( a diff]5t patt]n1 h[ev]1 z w be se5 9 ,fig4 #cgg4 ,lay out ! piece to ! dim5sions %[n ^u ?is draw+1 & !n cut x out1 mak+ a mortise 9 ea* end = ! :eels to fit 94 ,! spool :eels %\ld be m\nt$ 9 ! same mann] z ^? ( ! railway c>s1 = :i* see ,fig4 #cei1 ,*apt] ,,xxv1 & ! directions ^u page #cce4 ,"o end ( spool ,a %\ld be pivot$ ) a long] f9i%+ nail ?an ^? us$ = ! o!r pivots1 s t :5 driv5 9 place ab\t half an in* w project beyond ! frame4 ,a small silk spool %\ld be fa/5$ ^u ?is = a belt-:eel 7see ,b1 ,fig4 #cgg74 ,! hole 9 "o ( ^! spools is ab\t ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 s1 9 ord] to make x fit tightly ^u ! nail1 x is necess>y to fill 9 ar\nd ! nail ) seal+-wax4 ,to d ?is1 turn ! wood5 frame ^u its edge & place ! spool ov] ! nail1 be+ c>eful to get ! nail 9 ! exact c5tre ( ! hole4 ,!n hold a /ick ( seal+-wax ov] ! spool1 & ) a light$ mat* melt ! end & all[ x to drip into ! hole4 ,:5 ! hole has be5 p>tially fill$1 all[ ! wax to h>d5 a little1 & !n press x d[n ar\nd ! nail ) ! end ( a mat*1 be+ c>eful n to ?r[ ! spool out ( c5tre by do+ s4 ,! hole %\ld !n be fill$ to ! top4 ,we are n[ ready to prep>e ! clockworks = m\nt+ ^u ! wood5 frame4 ,! works %[n 9 ,fig4 #cgf are f an al>m clock1 b if y h a /rik+ clock1 or "o ) works a little diff]5t f ^? %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 x does n make a bit ( diff]5ce 9 ! s*eme = atta*+ ! works4 ,! ?ree p>ts %[n 9 ! =egr\nd ( ,fig4 #cgf mu/ fir/ be remov$ f ! works4 ,^! w be recogniz$ readily 9 any clock1 z !y are pivot$ close toge!r1 & regulate ! spe$ ( ! o!r :eels4 ,:5 !y h be5 remov$1 ! ma9-spr+ w unw9d rapidly4 ,! frame ( ! works %[n 9 ! illu/ration is held toge!r ) nuts1 s t 9 remov+ ! :eels x 0 necess>y to unscrew two ( !m1 spr+ ! frame op5 en\gh to let ! :eels drop out1 & !n replace ! nuts aga9 9 _! =m] positions4 ,if ! frame ( y\r clockworks is rivet$ toge!r1 ! :eels w h to be brok5 out4 ,a small silk spool1 su* z ,b 7,fig4 #cgg71 %\ld be fa/5$ ^u ! small pivot :i* orig9ally op]at$ ! clock's h&s1 = a belt-:eel4 ,lay ! works ^u a table ) ! face-side d[n1 &1 aft] c5tr+ ! hole ( ! spool ^u ! pivot1 fa/5 x 9 place ) seal+-wax 9 ! same mann] z y atta*$ spool ,b4 ,! works %\ld n[ be atta*$ to ! wood5 frame4 ,place !m ) ! /rik] upp]mo/1 ne> ! edge ( ! frame1 s t ! small belt-:eels are 9 l9e ) "o ano!r4 ,!n bore a numb] ( gimlet holes 9 ! wood5 frame & run copp] wire ?r\gh !m1 pass+ x ar\nd ! po/s ( ! clock-frame & twi/+ its ends until ! works are firmly fa/5$ 9 place4 ,a rubb] b& ab\t an eigh? ( an in* wide & long en\gh to rea* f "o belt-:eel to ! o!r %\ld be procur$ = ,! ,belt4--,?is %\ld /ret* j en\gh to cl+ ^u ! spools1 z m ?an t w\ld cause too mu* friction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #cgh-che4--,patt]ns = ! ,automobile ,t\r+-c>4 ,be=e go+ any fur!r ) ! con/ruction ( ! automobile ,te/ ! ,ma*9e1 to be sure t x is 9 p]fect runn+ ord]4 ,w9d up ! ma9-spr+1 press+ a f+] aga9/ "o ( ! :eels to hold x 9 *eck until y are ready to />t ! ma*9e4 ,:5 prop]ly made1 ! clockwork automobile %\ld run a di/ance ( f tw5ty to tw5ty-five feet ^u a wood5 floor1 :ile ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( t di/ance %\ld be cov]$ ^u a floor ) a fairly smoo? c>pet4 ,! ,c>dbo>d ,sides & o!r details ( ! automobile %\ld n[ be made4 ,! patt]n = ^! h be5 s %[n 9 ,figs4 #cgh-che t !y c easily be laid out to ! prop] %ape & size by means ( ! process ( enl>g+ by squ>es describ$ on page #aaj1 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,:ite c>dbo>d %\ld be us$ ^u :i* to draw ^! pieces1 & ! ?9n] x is ! easi] y w f9d x to "w )4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chg4--;,c>dbo>d ,side ( ,automobile4 ,fir/ prep>e ! two sides1 cutt+ !m out by ! patt]n ( ,fig4 #cgh4 ,!n glue ! bottom edge ( ea* side to ! edge ( ! wood5 frame1 cutt+ holes 9 ! left side = ! belt-:eels & project+ po/s to run ?r\gh 7see ,fig4 #cge & ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 & ,e1 ,fig4 #chg74 ,! top to ! front ( ! c> %\ld n[ be cut z %[n 9 ,fig4 #chh1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! sides be+ measur$ to get ! piece ( prop] dim5sions4 ,b5d ! edges z 9 ,fig4 #chh1 & glue !m to ! inn] surfaces ( ! side-pieces z %[n by ! dott$ l9es 9 ,fig4 #chg4 ,9 ! same way cut & glue a piece ( c>dbo>d betwe5 ! side-pieces at ,g & ,h 7,fig4 #chg7 = ! seat-backs4 ,! b5t edges ( ^! pieces are %[n by dott$ l9es 9 ! illu/ration4 ,draw f\r ,:eels z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cgi1 us+ a compass ) :i* to describe ! circles1 & cut !m out ) a %>p knife4 ,y c cut out betwe5 ! spokes1 if y wi%1 or leave !m solid4 ,glue ! :eels to ! c>dbo>d1 plac+ _! c5tres ab\t z locat$ at ,i & ,j1 ,fig4 #chg4 ,f\r ,mud-gu>ds %\ld be cut l ,fig4 #chj1 ) flaps made along "o edge4 ,!n b5d ^! gu>ds ar\nd ! tops ( ! :eels1 &1 aft] apply+ glue to ! flaps1 press !m aga9/ ! c>dbo>d side1 hold+ y\r f+]s ^u ! flaps until ! glue has dri$ 7see ,fig4 #cge74 ,! gu>ds %\ld be plac$ a little above ! tops ( ! :eels4 ,cut f\r ,lamps l ,fig4 #cha1 & glue end ,k ( two ^u ! front ( ! automobile at ,l 7,fig4 #chg7 & "o ( ! o!r two ^u ea* side at ,m4 ,^! lamps are %[n 9 position 9 ! illu/ration ( ! complet$ automobile 7,fig4 #cge74 ,draw & cut ,! ,/e]+-:eel simil>ly to ,fig4 #chb1 &1 aft] pivot+ x to ! end ( a /rip ( c>dbo>d ) a p91 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #chi1 b5d ! l[] end & glue x to ! "u side ( ! c>dbo>d top ,f at ,n 7see ,fig4 #chg1 also ,fig4 #cge74 ,make a ,horn l ,fig4 #chc1 & glue x to ! /e]+-:eel z %[n 9 ,fig4 #chi4 ,a /rip ( c>dbo>d ab\t ! size ( t us$ = ! upright ( ! /e]+-:eel %\ld be cut = ,! ,brake1 & glu$ to ! inside surface ( ! "r side ( ! c> at ,o 7,fig4 #chg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chi4--,! ,/e]+-:eel4 ,! ,*auffeur %\ld n[ be made4 ,cut 8 head & body ! %ape & size ( ,fig4 #chd1 draw+ ! face ^u ea* side ) goggles ov] ! eyes4 ,cut ! arms 9 two pieces ! %ape ( ,p & ,q 7,fig4 #che71 & !n pivot ,p to ,q at ,r & ! end ( ,q to ! %\ld] ( ! body at ,s1 us+ ?read = fa/5+ ! pieces toge!r4 ,pa9t ! hat1 coat1 sleeves1 & gloves a lea!r color1 & ! face fle% color4 ,! body %\ld !n be fa/5$ to ! hamm] ( ! clockworks ) seal+-wax1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #chf1 :ile ! left h& %\ld be glu$ to ! edge ( ! /e]+-:eel & ! "r to ! end ( ! brake 7see ,fig4 #cge74 ,by ?us atta*+ ! body to ! end ( ! hamm]1 & w9d+ up ! small spr+1 ! *auffeur w %ake viol5tly :5 ! auto runs across ! floor1 %[+ ! vibrations ( ! ma*9e 9 a greatly exagg]at$ & amus+ mann]4 ,x is n[ only necess>y to ,pa9t ! ,ma*9e to complete x4 ,! photograph 7,fig4 #cge7 indicates ! diff]5t colors us$4 ,! lamps1 & top1 ends1 & sides ( ! front portion ( ! c> %\ld be pa9t$ ! color ( brass1 & ! re/ ( ! sides1 ) ! exception ( a /rip along ! bottom & ! edge ( ! arms1 %\ld be pa9t$ v]milion4 ,pa9t ! inside ( ! c> & ! edges ( ! seat-arms tan color1 to repres5t lea!r uphol/]+4 ,) black pa9t1 or ink1 /ripe (f ! door & trimm+s ^u ! sides & top ( ! ma*9e1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #cge1 #chg1 & #chh4 ,black5 ! brake & /e]+-:eel & ! spokes & rims ( ! :eels4 ,along ! bottom ( ea* side r\ghly indicate "s ma*9]y ) black pa9t1 ab\t z x is drawn 9 ,fig4 #chg4 ,:5 y h tir$ ( y\r t\r+-c>1 y c easily conv]t x into ,an ,automobile ,deliv]y ,wagon1 su* z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cij4 ,to make ?is y w require ! same frame z t us$ = ! t\r+-c>1 ) ! clockworks & belt-:eels atta*$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,if y h made ! t\r+-c>1 remove ! c>dbo>d sides f its wood5 frame1 sep>at+ ! c>dbo>d f ! wood c>efully1 s y c put ! ma*9e toge!r aga9 :5 y wi%4 ,if y hav5't made ?is automobile1 y w f9d ! details = ! con/ruction ( ! frame 9 ,figs4 #cgf & #cgg1 & ! mann] ( p]=m+ ! "w describ$ on pages #cdc to #cdf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cij4--;,an ,automobile ,deliv]y ,wagon4 ,! ,c>dbo>d ,sides are mu* easi] to prep>e ?an ^? = ! t\r+-c>1 z !y are /raight & require b little cutt+4 ,! outl9e = ^! is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cij1 surr\nd+ ! draw+ ( ! complet$ wagon4 ,lay out "o side ^u a piece ( c>dbo>d1 us+ ! dim5sions giv5 ^u ! draw+1 & !n place x ^u a bo>d & cut x out ) y\r knife4 ,us+ ?is z a patt]n1 place x ^u ano!r piece ( c>dbo>d & run a p5cil ar\nd its edges1 ?us m>k+ out ! second side4 ,9 cutt+ out ! latt] piece1 run y\r knife a little inside ( ! l9e 9 ord] to all[ = ! increase 9 size caus$ by m>k+ x out ) ! fir/ c>dbo>d side4 ,hav+ prep>$ ! two sides1 draw panels ^u !m 9 "s su* =m z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 sep>at+ !m ) ?ree l9es4 ,draw a small w9d[1 ) its top slightly ar*$1 ne> ! front edge ( ea* side1 & cut an op5+ = x 7see illu/ration74 ,glue ! sides to ! edges ( ! truck 9 ! same mann] z ^? ( ! t\r+-c> 7 done1 pi]c+ holes = ! po/s ( ! clockworks to fit 91 & op5+s = ! belt-:eels to project ?r\gh1 9 ! left side4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d = ! back ( ! wagon1 fit x betwe5 ! sides1 & fa/5 x 9 place by glu+ a numb] ( l95 /rips to x & ! sides ^u ! inn] or unexpos$ surfaces4 ,!n cut a piece ( c>dbo>d = ! ro(1 mak+ x ab\t two in*es long] ?an ! sides1 to give x ! prop] projection ov] ! front ( ! wagon4 ,fa/5 ?is piece 9 position 9 ! same mann] z y fa/5$ ! back ( ! wagon4 ,make ! floor & footbo>d = ! wagon out ( a piece ( c>dbo>d b5t z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cij1 & fa/5 x across ! top edges ( ! project+ portions ( ! sides ) l95 /rips4 ,cut a /rip = a seat1 & fit x betwe5 ! sides an in* & "o-half above ! floor4 ,! ,:eels ( an automobile wagon conta9 f\rte5 spokes1 b z y h ! patt]n = ! t\r+-c> :eels ( twelve spokes1 y c j z well use x 9 mak+ ! wagon :eels4 ,!y %\ld be m\nt$ ^u ! sides ( ! wagon1 a trifle above ! bottoms ( ! spool :eels1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 s !y w n t\* ! c>pet :5 ! ma*9e is op]at$4 ,all ,o!r ,portions ( ! wagon %\ld be made ( ! same patt]ns giv5 = ! t\r+-c>1 viz4 ! *auffeur 7,figs4 #chd & #che71 ! /e]+-:eel 7,figs4 #chb & #chi71 ! brake 7,fig4 #cge71 & ! lamps 7,fig4 #cha74 ,z ! legs ( ! *auffeur w %[1 x w be necess>y to cut a pair out ( c>dbo>d 7! draw+ %[s ! %ape cle>ly en\gh to "w by7 & fa/5 !m to 8 body4 ,fa/5 ! *auffeur ^u ! seat & glue 8 left h& to ! /e]+-:eel1 plac+ ! latt] 9 front ( him1 z %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,/ick ! l[] end ( ! c>dbo>d upright ( ! /e]+-:eel ^u a p9 run ?r\gh ! wagon floor f ! "u side4 ,glue ! upp] end ( ! brake to ! *auffeur's h& & ! l[] end to ! side ( ! wagon4 ,pa9t ! ,wagon ) wat] colors1 mak+ ! sides1 end1 & ro( olive gre51 ! /e]+-:eel1 brake1 & spokes ( :eels black1 & ! lamps yell[ or ! color ( brass4 ,9 pa9t+ ! sides %[ ! batt]y comp>tm5ts ^u !m bel[ :at w\ld prop]ly be ! bottom ( ! wagon 7see illu/ration74 ,leave ! c>dbo>d :ite bel[ ?is box1 z x repres5ts no portion ( ! ma*9e1 b is necess>ily br\ght d[n s f> to conceal ! wood5 frame4 ,x w give ! ma*9e a m f9i%$ appe>ance if1 aft] pa9t+1 y g ov] x ) black pa9t & a f9e bru% & /ripe ! panels ^u ! sides1 foll[+ ! l9es :i* y drew ^u !m ) a p5cil4 ,lett] ! ^w ,deliv]y ^u ! c5tre panel ( ea* side1 & ! firm "n 9 ! small panel betwe5 ! lamp & w9d[4 ,by atta*+ a set ( clockworks 9 ! same mann] z describ$ = ! automobiles1 y c make ,a ,clockwork ,railway1 con/ruct+ ! c>s simil>ly to ! /reet c> %[n 9 ,fig4 #cfc1 ,*apt] ,,xxv1 & us+ ! s*emes 9 ! same *apt] = ! tracks & depots4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,"w ,,to ,,d ,,) ,a ,,knife ,illu/ration3 ,boy ,%>p5+ ,knife4 ,a numb] ( ye>s ago a fri5d ( ! writ] paid a visit to a l>ge p5it5ti>y :]e ! prison]s 7 engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( boots & %oes4 ,among ! work]s he became p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 a small ,g]man boy :o 0 indu/ri\sly m>k+ ! backs ( boots ) ! lot numb]s always to be f\nd ^u ^! goods4 ,! boy didn't h an ink bottle ne> him1 & yet1 ) :at appe>$ to be a wood5 /ick1 0 m>k+ ! numb]s 9 ink4 ,a clos] inspection disclos$ ! fact t ! po9t$ /ick held by ! lad 0 no?+ m or less ?an ,a ,home-made ,f\nta9 ,p54--,^u see+ t ! visitor 0 /ruck ) ! novelty ( ! affair1 ! sup]9t5d5t pres5t$ him ) "o ( ! p5s & told him ( its orig94 ,! p5 0 ! inv5tion ( a =g] :o 0 plac$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ! prison1 & :5 its good qualities 7 se5 x 0 v quickly adopt$ by all ( ! prison]s 9 place ( ! po9t$ /ick & ink-bottle !y _h be5 us+4 ,! p5 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cia4 ,x is made out ( a piece ( eld]b]ry wood ab\t five in*es long1 a small glass vial1 & a piece ( sponge4 ,fir/ pu% out ! pi? ( ! piece ( eld]b]ry wood 7?is y w f9d easily remov$71 & !n po9t "o end p5-%ape1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & split x back f ! po9t ab\t an in* 9 ! same mann] z a writ+ p5 is made4 ,:ittle ! o!r end ( ! /ick s x w fit tightly 9 ! neck ( ! glass vial4 ,?is bottle1 or res]voir1 %\ld be fill$ ) ink1 & a small piece ( ! sponge y h procur$ %\ld be pu%$ into ! holl[ ( ! p5 above ! po9t 7see illu/ration71 z a means ( prev5t+ ! ink f fl[+ too freely ^u ! po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cia4--;,a ,home-made ,f\nta9 ,p54 ,al?\gh ! p5 0 orig9ally made ) a co>se po9t = m>k+ heavy figures1 y w f9d t x c be made to write to a reasonable degree ( f95ess by :ittl+ a f9e po9t ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cib4--,! ,magic ,p9-:eel4 ,! ,magic ,p9-:eel repres5t$ by ,fig4 #cib c be made ) a few m9utes' "w1 & is some?+ entirely new 9 ! l9e ( magic toys4 ,!re are probably few p]sons :o w und]/& ?is simple yet my/]i\s toy :5 !y see x prop]ly op]at$1 until ! secret is disclos$ to !m4 ,z y w see by look+ at ! draw+1 ! p9-:eel consi/s ( no?+ m ?an a /ick not*$ along "o edge1 & a ?9 piece ( wood ab\t an in* 9 l5g? fa/5$ ?r\gh its c5tre to ! end ( ! /ick by means ( a p94 ,9 cutt+ ! not*es x is important to make !m ( ! same l5g? & dep?4 ,locate ! exact c5tre ( ! *ip ( wood be=e pivot+ x to ! end ( ! /ick1 & ) y\r knife make a small hole = ! p9 to run ?r\gh at ?is po9t4 ,be c>eful to drive ! p9 9 /raight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cic4--;,h[ to op]ate ! ,p9-:eel4 ,to ,op]ate ! p9-:eel1 hold ! /ick 9 ! left h& z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cic1 & !n1 tak+ a co9 9 ! "r h&1 rub x vigor\sly across ! not*es4 ,! vibration produc$ by rubb+ ! /ick causes ! small p9-:eel to revolve ab\t its p9 axis4 ,! funny "p ( ! p]=mance is ! fact t y c h p]fect control ov] ! :eel1 & *ange ! direction ( its c\rse at w1 if y b ma/] "o little trick p]=m$ ) ! fir/ & second f+]s ( ! "r h&4 ,9 hold+ ! co9 betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ f+] ( ! "r h&1 all[ ! end ( ! fir/ f+] to ext5d ov] ! top ( ! /ick & br+ ! second f+] close to ! side ( x1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #cic74 ,to make ! :eel revolve f left to "r1 all[ ! end ( ! fir/ f+] to rub along ! top edge ( ! not*es2 !n1 to rev]se ! direction1 relieve ! pressure ( ?is f+]1 & press ! second f+] aga9/ ! o!r edge ( ! not*es4 ,at fir/ y may n be able to make ! :eel obey y\r comm&s1 b ) a little practice y w f9d x a simple matt] to make x *ange its direction )\t any "o notic+ h[ y p]=m ! magical trick4 ,a ,brass ,tack driv5 into ! /ick a little bel[ ! not*es1 ab\t ! po9t :]e ! ?umb ( y\r left h& w /rike1 w add to ! my/ic appe>ance ( ! p9-:eel4 ,a p]son inv>iably notices ?is ! fir/ ?+ :5 he sees y op]ate ! :eel 7y c make x a po9t to press y\r left ?umb aga9/ ! tack71 & ?9ks he has solv$ ! trick4 ,b :5 y let him h ! toy1 he w soon f9d out t all 8 press+ & pull+ ^u ! tack w h no effect ^u ! :eel1 & beg y to put him on to ! trick4 ,a ,wood5 ,*a9 & ,rattle has long be5 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ pieces ( "w a boy c make ) 8 jack-knife1 &1 inasmu* z ! mak+ ( "o requires c>eful cutt+1 ! ex]cise is a good te/ ( a boy's skill ) ?is h&y tool4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cid4 ,,fig4 #cie4 ,,fig4 #cif4 ,details ( a ,wood5 ,*a9 & ,rattle4 ,9 mak+ ! fir/ *a9 & rattle1 y _h bett] use a p9e block1 z h>d wood is n s easy = a beg9n] to h&le4 ,!re=e1 = a fir/ attempt1 select a piece ( s\nd p9e free f blemi%es1 & plane x d[n to ! dim5sions1 sev5te5 in*es long1 two in*es wide1 & two in*es ?ick4 ,) a lead-p5cil m>k (f t5 divisions "o in* ap>t1 runn+ ! l9es ar\nd ! f\r sides ( ! block 7see ,fig4 #cid74 ,!n draw two l9es l5g?wise on ea* side ( ! block1 z %[n at ,,ab & ,,cd1 mak+ !m "o-half in* ap>t & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ea* edge4 ,) a *isel1 cut out ! f\r corn]s ( ! block d[n to ! t5? l9e1 z repres5t$ by ! %ad+ 9 ,fig4 #cid4 ,! ,*a9 is to be cut out ( ! rema9+ core1 "o l9k out ( e two divisions4 ,comm5c+ at ! top ( ! block1 remove ! %ad$ portions ,t & ,u 7,fig4 #cie71 z ^? w\ld =m only half l9ks2 !n not* out ! %ad$ corn]s m>k$ ,x 9 ! draw+1 & gradually cut ! core into circul> l9ks4 ,hav+ f9i%$ ?is op]ation1 draw a circle inside ( ea* l9k1 & cut out ! wood inside ( x4 ,r\nd ! edges ( ! l9ks z %[n 9 ! draw+ ( ! f9i%$ *a9 7,fig4 #cif74 ,y\r success 9 mak+ a good *a9 w dep5d l>gely ^u a good1 %>p knife & c>eful cutt+4 ,) a dull knife y are almo/ c]ta9 to split ! l9ks :5 sep>at+ "o f ano!r4 ,! ,rattle is to be made f ! l[] portion ( ! block4 ,?is "p ( ! figure is m difficult to cut ?an ! *a94 ,fir/ draw ! two l9es m>k$ ,,hi & ,,jk 9 ,fig4 #cid "o-half in* f ! edges2 !n draw ! cross l9es ,,lm1 ,,no1 ,,pq1 & ,,rs1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,^! l9es %\ld be simil>ly drawn ^u ! o!r ?ree sides ( ! block4 ,remove ! wood f ! spaces %ad$ 9 ! draw+1 & y w !n h left a c5tre solid block f :i* to cut ! ball4 ,g5tly r\nd ! corn]s ( ?is1 & !n gradually sep>ate x f ! surr\nd+ framework4 ,:5 ?is has be5 accompli%$1 ! c5tre block w slip up & d[n4 ,n[ cont9ue cutt+ ! block until x is a p]fect r\nd ball1 b be c>eful n to make x small en\gh to fall out ( ! frame1 = t w\ld spoil ! entire piece ( "w4 ,aft] complet+ ! cutt+1 s&-pap] ! l9ks & rattle until !y are p]fectly smoo?4 ,!n oil ! wood or give x a coat ( v>ni%4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,cork ,,toys ,illu/ration3 ,mat]ials ,ne$$ & ,f9i%$ ,articles4 ,x is surpris+ ! numb] ( small toys t c be made out ( corks ( diff]5t %apes & sizes ) ! aid ( glue1 p9s1 burnt mat*es1 wor/$1 & c>dbo>d4 ,ev5 ?\gh a boy has pass$ ! k9d]g>t5 age1 he w f9d ?is "w ent]ta9+ = days :5 ! wea!r is disagreeable )\t2 & ?\gh he may n c>e to play ) !m himself1 8 "w w n h be5 wa/$1 = a y\ng] bro!r w surely be glad to h "s cork animals & birds to add to 8 m5ag]ie1 & a si/] no less delight$ ) a small log-cab9 & set ( cork furniture4 ,flat & tap]$ corks c probably be f\nd ab\t ! h\se on old j>s & bottles1 :ile ! /raight v>iety c be procur$ at any drug-/ore4 ,9 buy+ ! latt] ask = ,no4 #i1 in* & "o-half1 /raight1 common corks1 half a gross ( :i* w co/ ab\t tw5ty-five c5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cig4--,! ,pig4 ,cork ,animals are peculi>-look+ bea/s ( abnormal proportions1 b all sorts ( magical feats are p]=m$ by toy mak]s1 & su* wond]s z ,a ,pig t c boa/ ( a body z l>ge z t ( an elephant is commonly f\nd among ! s-call$ ,noah's ark animals4 ,to make a pig1 fir/ draw its head1 z 9 ! draw+ ( ,fig4 #cig1 ^u a piece ( c>dbo>d1 & !n1 aft] cutt+ x out1 select a /raight cork & make a slit 9 "o end ( x 9 :i* to /ick ! head4 ,a little glue appli$ to ! c>dbo>d w hold ! head 9 place4 ,! pig's feet consi/ ( f\r pieces ( burnt mat*es po9t$ at ! ends & /uck into ! cork z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cig1 :ile ! tail is =m$ ( a piece ( copp] wire curl$ at "o end & /uck into ! cork4 ,:5 ! pig has be5 made1 pa9t its head & feet to mat* its body4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cih4--,! ,horse4 ,a ,horse requires a cork ( ! same %ape z t us$ = ! pig4 ,cut ! head out ( c>dbo>d & glue x 9 a slit made 9 ! end ( ! cork 7see ,fig4 #cih74 ,dip ! ends ( f\r burnt mat*es 9 glue & /ick !m 9 ! cork = legs1 & fa/5 a few pieces ( wor/$ 9 a hole made 9 ! end ( ! cork = ! tail4 ,a piece ( ?read %\ld be fa/5$ ab\t ! animal's neck = re9s4 ,aft] mak+ ! horse1 take ano!r /raight cork = ,! ,elephant1 & cut ! head1 trunk1 e>s1 & tusks out ( a piece ( c>dbo>d z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #cii74 ,cut ! tail out ( ano!r piece ( c>dbo>d1 & glue x 9 a slit made 9 ! end ( ! cork4 ,! legs are1 ( c\rse1 l>g] ar\nd ?an ^? ( ! horse1 &1 z mat*es w be too sl5d]1 :ittle f\r %ort wood5 pegs = !m4 ,po9t ^! pegs at "o end1 &1 aft] dipp+ !m 9 glue1 /ick !m into ! cork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cii4--,! ,elephant4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djj4--,! ,giraffe4 ,! ,giraffe is j z simple to make z any ( ! animals1 = he is put toge!r 9 ! same mann]1 except t a tap]$ cork is us$ = ! body4 ,! head & neck are made 9 "o piece ( c>dbo>d 7see illu/ration71 & a piece ( wor/$ =ms ! tail4 ,:5 y h pa9t$ ! head & neck a tan color to mat* ! cork1 & m>k$ a numb] ( br[n spots ^u ! body1 ?is tall & mo/ graceful ( animals w appe> v life-l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dja4--,! ,korka-bird4 ,a ,porcup9e is simple to make out ( a long1 /raight cork ) too?picks cut into small pieces = quills1 & /uck into ! cork z close z y c place !m4 ,! head & o!r portions ( ?is animal c easily be made ) ! aid ( a natural hi/ory1 & x w be a simple matt] to devise ,o!r ,animals ^u ! same s*emes z ^? j describ$1 by consult+ ! pictures 9 "o ( ^! books4 ,x is n necess>y to always copy a real animal4 ,use y\r +5uity & see :at que]-look+ creatures y c make4 ,figure #dja gives a sugge/ion = "o ( ^!1 :i* we w call ,! ,korka-bird4--,y w see by look+ at ! draw+ t ! two legs are made ( mat*es1 ! l[] ends ( :i* are /uck into a piece ( cork = a /&>d2 & ! neck consi/s ( a burnt mat* /uck into ! end ( ! cork ) its upp] end split to receive ! c>dbo>d head4 ,a small *ick5-fea!r /uck into ! top ( ! head 7! c>dbo>d be+ split en\gh to receive x71 two o!rs 9 ! back1 & a f\r? 9 ! end ( ! cork compose all ! plumage ?is wond]ful bird c boa/ (1 b ?is lack ( fea!rs is m ?an made up by a beautiful head1 neck1 body1 & legs1 :i* are gild$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djb4--,! ,duck4 ,z a sugge/ion ( :at c be made 9 ! way ( wat] toys1 ,a ,duck is %[n 9 ,fig4 #djb4 ,! body = ?is consi/s ( a cork split 9 half1 ! head is cut out ( a piece ( cig>-box1 & a small t9 keel is fa/5$ to ! c5tre ( ! "u side ( ! body4 ,a few *ick5 fea!rs w =m ! tail4 ,glue1 ( c\rse1 _c be us$ ^u ! duck1 z x w\ld s(t5 9 wat]1 s ! pieces compos+ x w h to be fa/5$ toge!r by means ( p9s4 ,o!r wat] toys1 su* z ,canoes1 consi/+ ( a cork split 9 half1 l5g?wise1 ) ! inside scoop$ out by means ( y\r knife1 are made ) a few m9utes' "w1 & ^! c be trans=m$ into ,small ,sail-boats by /ick+ a too?pick 9 ! b[ = a ma/ & rigg+ a t9y sail ^u x4 ,cork ,furniture is n a new idea = toys1 b1 inasmu* z _m h nev] he>d ( !m1 a few examples ( :at c be made 9 ?is l9e h be5 introduc$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,= ,a ,*air1 su* z %[n 9 ,fig4 #djc1 f9d a flat cork1 & /ick f\r p9s 9 "o side = legs1 & five p9s fairly close toge!r 9 ! o!r side = ! *air-back 7see illu/ration74 ,:5 ! p9s h be5 prop]ly plac$1 take "s wor/$ & w9d x ar\nd ea* ( ! f\r legs1 cross+ f "o to ano!r z %[n 9 ! draw+1 ?us =m+ ! *air-r\nds4 ,also weave ! wor/$ 9 & out ar\nd ! p9s =m+ ! *air-back z 9 ! draw+1 s t all b ! heads ( ! p9s are cov]$ :5 ! op]ation is complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djc4--;,*air4 ,! ,s(a1 illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #djd1 is made aft] ! same mann]4 ,split a /raight cork l5g?wise = ! seat1 plac+ x flat-side up1 & /ick p9s ar\nd ?ree edges ( x ^u :i* to w9d ! wor/$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djd4--,s(a4 ,a ,small ,tab\ret is %[n 9 ,fig4 #dje4 ,select a /raight cork = ! base ( ?is1 &1 aft] see+ t a good %>p edge is ^u y\r knife1 slice ! cork l5g?wise1 mak+ x hexagonal 9 %ape4 ,!n /ick six p9s 9 ! cork ne> ! upp] edge1 plac+ "o 9 ea* ( ! six edges 7see illu/ration74 ,:5 ?is has be5 done1 weave wor/$ ^u ! p9s 9 ! same mann] z ! *air-back 0 =m$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dje4 ,tab\ret4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djf4--;,a ,cork ,log-cab94 ,a ,toy ,log-cab91 or slab-hut1 z x w\ld prop]ly be call$1 z ! build+ is fir/ put up & !n cov]$ ) corks split 9 half = slabs1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #djf4 ,a c>dbo>d box %\ld be procur$ out ( :i* to make ?is little build+1 ! proportion ( :i* w det]m9e ! %ape & size4 ,turn ! box bottom side up1 & on x con/ruct a gable-ro(4 ,cut two pieces ( c>dbo>d l>ge en\gh to make a good projection ov] ! ends ( ! build+1 & fa/5 !m to ! bottom ( ! box z %[n 9 ! draw+1 glu+ a numb] ( l95 /rips to ! pieces to hold !m securely 9 place4 ,two pieces ( c>dbo>d %\ld be cut to fit ! gable-ends1 & glu$ 9 place ) l95 /rips4 ,cut w9d[s 9 ea* side ( ! box & a door 9 ea* end4 ,hav+ complet$ ! little c>dbo>d cab91 split en\gh /raight corks 9 half l5g?wise to cov] ! walls4 ,%>p5 y\r knife well be=e comm5c+ ?is "w1 s ! corks w cut ev5ly & )\t break+4 ,beg9 glu+ ^! half corks along ! bottom ( ! walls1 fitt+ !m end to end z %[n 9 ! draw+1 & plac+ "o r[ above ano!r4 ,fit !m neatly ar\nd ! w9d[s & door op5+s1 & if !y d n space out z ev5ly z %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 cut "s %ort] pieces to fill 94 ,! corks w quickly adh]e to ! c>dbo>d if y press y\r f+] aga9/ ea* = a second or two aft] plac+ x 9 position4 ,! ro( may be pa9t$ to repres5t bo>ds or %+les1 & a cork /uck 9 x z %[n 9 ! illu/ration w =m ! *imney4 ,cov] ! w9d[ op5+s ) pap]4 ,tissue-pap] w admit m light ?an ord9>y writ+-pap]1 s probably w be ! bett] mat]ial4 ,h+e a piece ( c>dbo>d to ! jamb ( ea* door op5+1 us+ small pieces ( l95 = h+es4 ,rule a few v]tical l9es ^u ! doors to repres5t ! bo>ds4 ,all t n[ rema9s to be done to complete ! cab9 is ! m\nt+1 = :i* a sev5-eigh?s-in* bo>d %\ld be procur$4 ,use l95 /rips to fa/5 ! cab9 ^u ?is bo>d1 plac+ !m ^u ! inside surfaces ( ! walls1 :i* c be rea*$ by runn+ y\r h& ?r\gh ! door op5+s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,def9itions ,,( ,,t]ms ,,& ,,phrases ,illu/ration3 ,selection ( ,books4 ,! t]ms & phrases us$ 9 describ+ ! "w includ$ 9 ?is book h be5 arrang$ alphabetically 9 ?is *apt]1 toge!r ) _! def9itions4 ,?is has be5 done = ! purpose ( furni%+ a boy ) a h&y ref]5ce1 ) def9itions 9 a cle> & simple =m1 cov]+ only su* po9ts z apply to 8 p>ticul> k9d ( "w4 ,abbreviations d /&s = p5ny4 ,e4 ,g4 #af;d /&s = sixte5-p5ny nails 7see page #cf74 ,i4e4 or i4e4 /&s = t is4 ,e4 ,g4 or e4g4 /&s = = example4 ,viz4 or viz4 /&s = namely1 to wit4 /&s = in* or in*es4 ,e4 ,g4 #b means two in*es4 ' /&s = foot or feet4 ,e4 ,g4 #b' means two feet4 etc4 /&s = & s =?4 ,abutt+ ,surface4--,next or adjo9+4 ,animat$ ,animals4--,animals 7su* z ^? us$ 9 ! back-y>d circus7 :i* are con/ruct$ & !n giv5 life4 ,9 ! case ( ! circus animals1 ! boys :o enclose !mselves 9 ! bodies furni% ! animals ) life4 ,bait-/ick4--,a /ick 9 a trap1 ^u :i* ! bait is plac$4 ,x is also kn[n z ! trigg]4 ,balu/]4 ,see ,balu/rade4 ,balu/rade4--,a s]ies ( small sp9dles or po/s 7,balu/]s71 to ! tops ( :i* a b> 7,h& ,rail7 is atta*$1 plac$ along ! sides ( /airs & ar\nd /air op5+s4 ,! h& rail is support$ at ei!r end by a po/ 7,newel ,po/74 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #ga & #ge4 ,also appli$ to a solid wall built up ! sides ( a /airway & ar\nd ! /air op5+s4 ,batt5 ,door4--,a door =m$ by jo9+ ! bo>ds toge!r ) batt5s4 ,batt5s4--,/rips ( wood1 or cleats1 fa/5$ across two or m bo>ds to hold !m toge!r1 z 9 mak+ a cov] or door4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #ae1 #ahi1 & #aid4 ,bevel4--,=m$ by cutt+ (f ! %>p edge ( a bo>d or any piece ( "w4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #bh4 ,a tool us$ = lay+ out bevels ,bird's ,m\?4--,a not*1 ,v-%ap$1 or ! =m ( a bird's m\?1 cut 9 a piece ( "w4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #h4 ,bl9d-nail+4 ,see page #cd4 ,brace4--,a /rip1 bo>d1 or heavi] piece fa/5$ across two or m pieces to /r5g!n & /eady !m2 a diagonal /rip4 ,bracket4--,a support1 g5]ally triangul> 9 %ape1 screw$ or nail$ to a wall or object to hold up su* ?+s z %elves & cab9ets4 ,broom-wire4--,! f9e wire :i* is b\nd ar\nd brooms to hold ! /raw to ! end ( ! broom-/ick4 ,bull's-eye4--,! c5tre r+ ( a t>get4 ,butt-jo9t4--,:5 ! squ>e end ( "o piece ( wood butts or sets aga9/ ano!r piece1 ! jo9t =m$ is kn[n z a butt-jo9t4 ,! pieces are n cut into z 9 ! case ( mak+ o!r jo9ts4 ,cas+s4--,! f9i%+ /rips plac$ ar\nd door & w9d[ op5+s4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #he1 #hh1 & #hi4 ,!y are also kn[n z ,trim4 ,*air ,rail4--,a n>r[ bo>d fa/5$ ar\nd ! walls ( a room at a height equal to t ( an ord9>y *air-back4 ,*amf]4--,=m$ by cutt+ (f ! %>p edge ( a bo>d4 ,x is mu* ! same z a bevel 7see ,fig4 #bh71 b ! t]m is m (t5 appli$ to cases :]e ! bevel is /opp$1 in/ead ( runn+ ! entire l5g? ( ! edge1 & its ends r\nd$ up to meet ! squ>e edge ( ! bo>d4 ,?is =m ( *amf] is us$ = ornam5tal purposes1 & is kn[n z a ,/op ,*amf]4 ,figure #bi %[s a =m ( *amf] us$ 9 plan+ end-wood4 ,cleats4--,/rips ( wood fa/5$ to o!rs to /r5g!n !m2 or /rips secur$ to an object = ! purpose ( support+ a %elf or draw]s4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #ae & #adh2 also descriptions relat+ to same4 ,cl9*+ ,nails4 ,see page #cd4 ,corbell$ ,brick4--,sev]al c\rses 7lay]s7 ( brick s laid t ea* projects a little beyond1 or comes a little )91 ! c\rse bel[4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see corbell$ *imney = doll-h\se1 ,fig4 #ajc1 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,corn] ,/one4--,a /one plac$ 9 ! corn] ( a f\ndation4 ,cornucopi4--,! plural = cornucopia2 made by roll+ pap] or o!r mat]ial into ! %ape ( cones or funnels4 ,c\nt]sunk4 ,see ,screws on page #cf4 ,cross-piece4--,a piece t crosses ano!r2 a piece fa/5$ 9 a horizontal or oblique position1 & ext5d$ f "o piece to ano!r4 ,cross ,section4 ,see ,section4 ,details4--,! p>ts ( :i* a ?+ consi/s2 a ,detail$ ,draw+ is usually a work+ draw+1 %[+ all ! p>ts ( a piece ( "w1 ) dim5sions m>k$ ^u !m4 ,diagonal4--,a /rip1 bo>d1 or heavi] piece fa/5$ 9 an oblique1 or slant$1 position--us$ 9 brac+ 7see ,brac+ ( ,toboggan ,plat=m ,framework1 ,fig4 #caj72 also a l9e drawn obliquely to ano!r l9e1 sev]al l9es1 or an object4 ,diagonally4--,9 a diagonal direction4 ,diamet]4--,! di/ance equal to a /raight l9e pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tre ( a circle or a circul> object1 t]m9at$ at bo? ends by ! circumf]5ce1 or ! curv$ surface4 ,door ,frame4--,! wood5 frame built 9 a door op5+ = ! door to sw+ 94 ,= def9ition ( ,jambs1 ,sill1 & ,head1 see ,w9d[ ,frame4 ,door-/ops4--,wood5 /rips nail$ ar\nd ! ,jambs & ,head ( a door frame1 = ! door to sw+ aga9/1 & to make a tight jo9t betwe5 ! door & frame4 ,dovetail-jo9t4--,a tongue1 und]cut s z to make x w$ge-%ap$ 7some:at ! %ape ( a dove's tail71 is prep>$ ^u "o piece1 & a mortise1 ! %ape & size ( ?is tongue1 is cut 9 ! o!r piece = x to set into4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #bji & #baj1 & text on page #baj1 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,d[ell+4--,a process ( secur+ toge!r two edges or faces ( a piece ( "w ) p9s ( wood or metal4 ,holes are bor$ 9 ! edges or faces ( ! pieces1 & wood5 pegs are cut to fit !m4 ,^! pegs are coat$ ) glue & !n driv5 into place4 ,! edges or faces ( ! pieces are also cov]$ ) glue1 & if ! pieces h be5 prop]ly plan$ s z to fit toge!r p]fectly1 a tight jo9t w be obta9$ :5 ! glue has dri$4 ,! "w %\ld be clamp$ until ! glue has dri$4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #ed4 ,= nails us$ z d[els1 see ,fig4 #ceg4 ,d[els4--,! pegs or p9s us$ 9 d[ell+4 ,dress$4--,aft] lumb] has be5 plan$ at a mill1 x is kn[n z dress$ /uff4 ,a bo>d may be dress$ to ! prop] dim5sions1 t is1 prep>$ ei!r by saw+1 plan+1 p>+1 or scrap+4 ,driv+ ,home a ,nail4--,! act ( apply+ ! f9i%+ /rokes ( a hamm] ^u ! head ( a nail 9 driv+ x into wood 7see ,driv+ ,nails1 page #cb74 ,drop4--,a piece ( sc5]y hung f ! ,gridiron above ! /age4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #cca1 #ccb1 & #cdj4 ,elevation4--,a /raight ,side or ,end view ( an object4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #bjf4 ,em4--,a squ>e type4 ,us$ z a unit 9 measur+ type4 ,! lett] m 9 type orig9ally _h a squ>e end4 ,en4--,a type half an em 9 wid?4 ,end-plate4--,a timb]1 su* z a two-by-f\r or two-by-six1 plac$ across ! tops ( ! /uds 9 ! end ( a framework1 = ! ro( raft]s or ! floor joi/s above to re/ ^u4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #ahd4 ,:5 plac$ across ! /uds 9 ! side ( a framework x is kn[n z a ,side-plate4 ,end-wood4--,wood :i* has be5 cut across ! gra9 & %[s ! ends ( ! gra9 ^u its surface4 ,e4 ,g4 ,! end ( a /ick4 ,equidi/ant4--,equally di/ant4 ,f9i%+ ,nail4--,a nail ) a small head us$ on surfaces to be expos$1 :]e x is desirable to make z small nail holes z possible4 ,! f9i%+ nail is v h&y = all k9ds ( small "w4 ,fi%+4--,an op]ation :]e two or m pieces are jo9$ toge!r1 end to end1 by means ( /rips 7kn[n z ,fi%-plates7 nail$ or screw$ across ! jo9ts4 ,x is also kn[n z a ,fi%-jo9t1 & is a common =m ( splice4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #ahc4 ,flange4--,a project+ rim su* z ! edge ( a spool4 ,flu%4--,a surface ( a bo>d is said to be flu% ) ! surface ( ano!r :5 ^? bo>ds are s plac$ toge!r t ! two surfaces are ev51 or ext5d along ! same l9e or plane4 ,font4--,an assortm5t ( type ( "o size & /yle1 includ+ a c]ta9 numb] ( ea* lett] 9 ! alphabet 7l>ge & small71 punctuation m>ks1 & su* *>act]s z are necess>y 9 pr9t+4 ,spaces & ,quads are sold sep>ately4 ,f\ndation4--,! base ^u :i* a build+ re/s4 ,usually made ( /one1 brick1 or po/s1 & plac$ bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd4 ,gable-end4--,t portion ( a wall :i* ext5ds into ! angle =m$ by a gable or gambrel ro(4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #fd1 #gg1 #if1 & #aji4 ,gauge ( ,tracks4--,! di/ance betwe5 ! tracks4 ,grease ,pa9t4--,a pa9t = ! purpose ( mak+-up ! face 9 prep>ation = a circus or ent]ta9m5t ( "s sort4 ,prep>$ ( a composition easily remov$1 & free f injuri\s sub/ances4 ,gridiron4--,! framework above ! /age f :i* ! sc5]y drops are susp5d$4 ,! framework consi/s ( a s]ies ( p>allel b>s resembl+ a gridiron4 ,groove4--,a *annel or holl[ cut 9 a piece ( wood4 ,9 a tongu$-&-groov$ bo>d x is ! holl[ 9 :i* ! tongue fits4 ,halv+4 ,see ,fig4 #bfg2 also description on page #bei4 ,?is jo9t is also kn[n z a ,halv$-jo9t4 ,h& ,rail4 ,see ,balu/rade4 ,hem4--,! edge ( a piece ( clo? d\bl$ ov] & sew$1 to /r5g!n x & prev5t ! ?reads f ravell+4 ,hexagonal4--,six-sid$4 ,horizontal4--,p>allel to ! horizon4 ,horn/one4--,a v>iety ( qu>tz hav+ ! appe>ance ( fl9t1 b m brittle4 ,k]f4--,! op5+1 or n>r[ slot1 made 9 saw+4 ,lat*-pocket4 ,see ,spr+-cat*4 ,la?4--,a /rip approximately "o & "o-half in*es wide1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick1 & f\r feet long4 ,nail$ across ! walls & ceil+ ( a room ^u :i* to place pla/]4 ,lock+-up4--,! process ( tight5+ a =m ( type s z to hold x toge!r 7see description1 page #acf74 ,longitud9al ,section4 ,see ,section4 ,mak+-up4--,pa9t+ ! face z a disguise or to %[ expression m>ks4 ,mitre4--,! end ( a bo>d is mitr$ :5 cut (f at an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,al?\gh appli$ to o!r angles1 ! t]m mitre is und]/ood to mean a =ty-five degree cut1 unless o!rwise /at$ 7see ,b5*-hook1 ,fig4 #aa1 & ,mitre-box1 ,fig4 #ab1 ,*apt] ,i2 also descriptions ( _! use74 ,mitr$ ,try-squ>e4--,us$ = lay+ (f mitres 7see ,figs4 #ch & #ci1 ,*apt] ,,ii74 ,mortise4--,a slot or cavity made 9 a piece ( wood to receive ! end ( ano!r piece4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #bjh1 #baj1 #baa1 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,bevell$ ,mortise4--,a mortise ) its bottom or sides bevell$4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #aj1 ,*apt] ,i4 ,m\ld4--,some?+ :i* s]ves to give ! prop] =m to an object4 ,e4 ,g4 ,! m\ld = %ap+ a canvas canoe1 ,fig4 #bjd1 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,newel ,po/4 ,see ,balu/rade4 ,not*4--,a holl[ cut 9 any?+2 a nick2 an ind5tation4 ,to ,not*4--,to cut 9 small holl[s1 z to not* a /ick4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #aia1 ,*apt] ,,xiv1 & ,fig4 #cib1 ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,obsidian4--,a =m ( lava4 ,on ,c5tres4--,9 spac+ /uds or /rips ( any k9d1 !y are spok5 ( z be+ plac$ a c]ta9 numb] ( in*es on c5tres4 ,e4 ,g4 ,twelve in*es on c5tres means t ! di/ance f ! c5tre ( "o piece to ! c5tre ( ano!r is twelve in*es4 ,out ( ,plumb4--,n v]tical2 n p]p5dicul> to ! horizon4 ,out ( ,squ>e4--,askew2 oblique2 n true4 ,p>allel4--,l9es or objects are p>allel to "o ano!r :5 !y h ! same direction1 & all correspond+ po9ts are equidi/ant f "o ano!r4 ,p]p5dicul>4--,v]tical2 plumb2 9 an upright position4 ,p]spective4--,a p]spective is a draw+ %[+ an object 9 ! =m 9 :i* x appe>s to ! eye4 ,! l9es conv]ge1 or approa* ne>] toge!r1 z !y g away f ! eye1 until !y f9ally meet at a po9t on ! horizon1 or a l9e drawn to repres5t ! horizon4 ,e4 ,g4 ,9 look+ d[n a railway track ! telegraph poles & tracks appe> to run toge!r on ! l9e ( ! horizon4 ,pica4--,! /&>d ( measurem5t 9 pr9t+4 ,a "n giv5 to a size ( type :i* measures "o-six? ( an in* high 7measur$ f ! nick$ side to ! side opposite72 & sev5ty-two ems 7see ,em7 measure "o foot4 ,pie4--,a mix$ assortm5t ( type4 ,see page #ace1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,pie+ ,type or ,mak+ ,pie4--,spill+ or mix+ up type4 ,pipe-/raps4--,iron /raps us$ mo/ly by pipe-fitt]s to fa/5 gas-pip+ 9 place4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #cba & #cbb4 ,pit*4--,! pit* ( a bo>d is ! degree to :i* x has be5 tilt$4 ,plan4--,a draw+ %[+ a view ( an object1 look+ d[n ^u x1 ei!r on top ( x 7e4 g4 see ,figs4 #bje & #bjg71 or ) ! upp] portion slic$ (f 7e4 g4 see ,fig4 #aij4 ,?is %[s a plan ( ! log-cab9 at a level ( ! door & w9d[s1 ) ! upp] portion remov$74 ,plank4--,lumb] two in*es or m 9 ?ickness is kn[n z planks or plank+4 ,any?+ ( less ?ickness is kn[n z bo>ds4 ,plumb4--,p]p5dicul>2 v]tical2 true4 ,an in/rum5t = det]m9+ :e!r or n an object is plumb 7see ,fig4 #ad1 ,*apt] ,i74 ,prosc5ium4--,! front portion ( a /age4 ,! ,prosc5ium ,ar* is ! ar* or frame ext5d+ ar\nd ! front ( ! /age ( a !atre4 ,pumice ,/one4--,a por\s rock1 ( extreme lightness1 us$ = poli%+ metals2 = smoo?+ ! surface ( wood2 & = smoo?+ ! surface ( a coat ( pa9t be=e apply+ a second coat 7see ,pa9t+ ( ,canvas ,canoe1 page #bad74 ,pyrote*nics4--,! art ( mak+ fireworks2 fireworks2 ! composition & use ( fireworks4 ,quad4--,an abbreviation = quadrat4 ,a block ( type-metal l[] ?an ! type1 us$ = fill+ out l9es1 & = spac+ betwe5 l9es4 ,a #b-;em quad is two ems 9 wid?1 & a #c-;em quad ?ree ems 9 wid?4 ,qu>tz4--,glassy cry/als1 hav+ ! =m ( a six-sid$ prism1 t]m9at$ at ea* end by a pyramid4 ,x is colorless1 or transp>5t1 :5 pure1 & m or less opaque & 9 v>i\s colors :5 impure4 ,quo9s4--,! w$ges us$ to tight5 or lock-up a =m ( type4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #aee & #aef4 ,rabbet4--,a groove or holl[ cut 9 a piece ( "w1 g5]ally = ! purpose ( jo9+ x ) "s o!r mat]ial4 ,e4 ,g4 ,! sides ( ! b[ & /]n pieces ( ! ,canvas ,canoe describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xv are rabbet$ s ! ribb&s & ! edge ( ! canvas w fit 9 !m 7see ,figs4 #bjj & #bjb1 ,*apt] ,,xv74 ,radius4--,! di/ance f ! c5tre ( a circle to any po9t ^u its circumf]5ce4 ,x equals "o-half ( ! l5g? ( ! diamet]4 ,rasp4--,a file ) co>se tee?1 us$ = work+ ^u wood4 ,recess4--,a ni*e 9 a wall2 a space or op5+ =m$ by ! wall sett+ 9 a little way4 ,ren=ce4--,to /r5g!n2 to supply additional /r5g? ) /rips or braces4 ,ridge4--,an edge ( a ro( =m$ by ! meet+ ( two slop+ surfaces4 ,! top edge ( a peak$ ro(4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #aib1 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,ridge-bo>ds4--,! bo>ds fa/5$ along ! ridge ( a ro( to cov] ! jo9t4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #aib1 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,"r ,angle4--,an angle ( n9ety degrees4 ,at ,"r ,angles4--,s z to =m a "r angle4 ,rubb+ ,d[n4--,br++ to a smoo? surface by rubb+ ) s&-pap]1 em]y-pap]1 or pumice /one4 ,ru/ic4--,made ( limbs ( trees 9 _! natural =m4 ,sagg+4--,! b5d+ ( a body by its own weight1 or by a load plac$ ^u x4 ,sapl+4--,a "y tree4 ,sa%4--,! frame :i* holds ! glass ( a w9d[4 ,also appli$ to ! frame ) ! glass 9 place4 ,scrap+4--,a piece ( glass or ! blade remov$ f a plane is us$ = scrap+ a piece ( "w to give x a smoo!r surface ?an c be obta9$ by us+ a plane ^u x4 ,section4--,a "p4 ,section ,draw+4--,a draw+ made ( an object1 %[+ x z x w\ld look if y 7 to cut x op5 or split x 9 two4 ,! portions :i* w\ld h to be cut ?r\gh1 9 su* an op]ation1 are %ad$ 9 a draw+ ( ?is k9d4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #bah1 ,*apt] ,,xv2 ,fig4 #cjj1 ,*apt] ,,xxi2 & ,fig4 #caf1 ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,a ,cross ,section is a section tak5 ?r\gh ! %ort way ( an object4 ,a ,longitud9al ,section is a section tak5 ?r\gh ! long way ( an object4 ,selvage4--,! selvage ( clo? or wire-me% is ! edge :i* has be5 s wov5 z to prev5t ravell+4 ,semicircle4--,half a circle4 ,set ( a ,saw's ,tee?4 ,see page #ba1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,sett+ ,nails4 ,see page #cd1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,%ape x ,d[n4--,a t]m us$ to imply t ! bo>d or piece ( "w %all be gradually cut d[n until x approa*es its f9i%$ =m & size4 ,%oot+ ,/ick4--,an iron or wood5 tool ) a head on "o end1 us$ to lock-up ! ,quo9s 9 a =m ( type4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #aee1 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,sills4--,! l[e/ horizontal timb]s 9 a build+ ( any k9d on :i* ! /ructure re/s4 ,see also ,w9d[ ,frame4 ,sleep]s4--,! timb]s support+ ! l[] floor ( a build+1 di/+ui%$ f joi/s by be+ fill$ 9 betwe5 ) c9d]s or concrete4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #ahf1 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,slip-knot4--,a noose :i* slips along ! l9e or rope ar\nd :i* x is ti$4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #bdc1 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,slot4--,a mortise1 or hole1 ) sides squ>e or ne>ly s4 ,made by bor+ sev]al holes1 & !n connect+ & squ>+ !m up ) a *isel4 ,space4--,a ?9 piece ( type-metal1 l[] ?an ! type1 us$ betwe5 words1 & = spac+ out l9es4 ,a #c-;em space is a ?ird ( an em 9 wid?1 a #d-;em a qu>t] ( an em 9 wid?1 a #e-;em a fif? ( an em1 & an #h-;em 7kn[n z a hair space7 is an eigh? ( an em4 ,spike4--,a tw5typ5ny nail 7f\r in*es long7 & all l5g?s great]4 ,see li/ ( sizes on page #cf1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,to ,spike a bo>d 9 place is to fa/5 x ) spikes4 ,splic$4--,two pieces are splic$ :5 jo9$ toge!r1 g5]ally end to end1 9 su* a way t !y are held toge!r & act z "o piece4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #ahc1 ,*apt] ,,xiii1 & ,fi%+4 ,spr+-cat*4--,a small lock1 su* z %[n 9 ,figs4 #if1 #aad1 & #ahg4 ,! lat* is op]at$ by a small knob1 & is ?r[n into position by a small spr+4 ,! metal socket :i* is screw$ 9 place = ! lat* to spr+ into is kn[n z ! ,lat*-pocket4 ,spr9t4--,a %ort race run at full spe$4 ,squ>+ ,l9es4--,by squ>+ l9es across a bo>d is meant ! op]ation ( draw+ l9es across a bo>d ) a try-squ>e1 ! head ( ! try-squ>e be+ plac$ aga9/ ! tri$-edge ( ! bo>d s ^? l9es w be at "r angles to t tri$-edge4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #ch1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,/aple4--,a ,u-%ap$ piece ( metal1 ) two %>p po9ts :i* are driv5 into wood 9 ! same way z a nail4 ,/ock4--,mat]ial2 supplies4 ,! brace :i* holds ! bit = bor+2 ! block :i* holds ! blade ( a plane 7see ,fig4 #bd1 ,*apt] ,,ii72 ! portion ( a gun :i* conta9s ! b>rel & trigg]4 ,/ops4 ,see ,door-/ops & ,w9d[-/ops4 ,/rap-h+e4--,a h+e ) long arms1 or flaps1 :i* ext5d ov] a l>g] area ?an ^? ( an ord9>y h+e1 & give x ! p[] ( )/&+ great] /ra9s4 ,/uds4--,! small] pieces ( timb] us$ 9 ! framework ( a build+1 to :i* ! sid+ is atta*$1 or to :i* ! la?s are nail$4 ,kn[n also z ,/udd+4 ,/uff4--,9 c>p5t] "w ?is t]m is appli$ to ! diff]5t sizes ( lumb]4 ,e4 ,g4 ,sev5-eigh?s-in* /uff means bo>ds sev5-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick2 two-in*-/uff is lumb] two in*es ?ick4 ,/unt4--,orig9ally a slang ^w us$ to d5ote a trick or feat ( "s sort4 ,x is n[ g5]ally recogniz$ z a legitimate ^w4 ,swivel4--,a fa/5+ ) a pivot :i* all[s ! object atta*$ to x to revolve )\t twi/+ ! cord1 wire1 or *a91 by :i* t object is susp5d$4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #beh1 ,*apt] ,,xviii2 & page #bdi4 ,tap]4--,to make gradually small] 9 diamet] t[>d "o end2 to gradually dim9i% t[>d a po9t4 ,temp]4--,/eel & iron tools are giv5 _! necess>y degree ( h>dness by a process ( heat+ & cool+1 kn[n z ,temp]+4 ,too mu* friction obta9$ :ile gr9d+ a tool w de/roy ?is temp]1 mak+ x necess>y to re-temp] x4 ,toe-nail+4 ,see page #cc4 ,tongue4--,! project+ edge ( a tongu$-&-groov$ bo>d4 ,a project+ p9 cut on a piece ( wood to fit a mortise ( ! same %ape cut 9 ano!r piece ( wood4 ,us$ 9 mak+ ,dovetail-jo9ts4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #bjh & #bji1 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,tongu$-&-groov$ ,bo>ds4--,bo>ds ) a groove along "o edge & a tongue along ! opposite edge1 s t ! tongue ( "o bo>d w fit 9 ! groove ( ano!r1 ?us =m+ a fairly tight jo9t4 ,^! bo>ds are kn[n also z ,mat*$ ,bo>ds4 ,tr5*4--,a dit*2 a long *annel4 ,tri$-edge ( ,"w4 ,see ,te/+ ,"w1 page #bh4 ,trim4--,! wood5 ,cas+s plac$ ar\nd door & w9d[ op5+s 7see ,figs4 #he1 #hh1 & #hi1 ,*apt] ,v74 ,to dress a piece ( "w2 to cut2 to make smoo?4 ,turn/ile4--,a po/ ^u ! top ( :i* f\r horizontal arms are pivot$ to revolve1 s z to all[ b "o p]son to pass at a "t 7see ,fig4 #bff1 ,*apt] ,,xix1 & description ( con/ruction on page #bei74 ,two-by-f\r4--,a piece two in*es ?ick by f\r in*es wide us$ = supports & ! con/ruction ( frameworks4 ,pieces ( o!r dim5sions are also kn[n & spok5 ( by _! sizes 9 in*es4 ,e4 ,g4 ,two-by-sixes1 two-by-eights1 & two-by-t5s4 ,typographical4--,relat+ or p]ta9+ to typography4 ,typography4--,! art ( sett+ type4 ,und]cutt+4--,z ! t]m implies1 ! wood is und]cut1 or cut "u1 ?us mak+ x w$ge-or ,v-%ap$4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,fig4 #bji1 ,*apt] ,,xv2 also text on page #baa4 ,upright4--,an upright is a piece ( timb] :i* is p]p5dicul> :5 9 place4 ,valance4--,a drap]y = a c\* or b$4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,c\* 9 illu/ration ( a ,boy's ,room1 ,*apt] ,v4 ,v]tical4--,p]p5dicul> to ! horizon2 upright2 plumb2 /raight up & d[n4 ,wa9scot4--,a l9+ plac$ ^u ! inside walls ( a build+4 ,x 0 orig9ally made ( oak timb]s1 kn[n z wa9scot1 b ! t]m is n[ appli$ to any k9d ( wood1 burlap1 tape/ry1 or o!r mat]ial appli$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,z a rule1 x ext5ds b "p way up a wall1 />t+ at ! floor l9e4 ,w>p$4--,twi/$ out ( %ape4 ,wa%]4--,a r+ plac$ b5ea? ! head ( a bolt to give x a broad] be>+ surface1 & ?us prev5t x f cutt+ into ! surface ( ! piece ( "w4 ,x is also plac$ "u a nut to prev5t x f work+ loose4 ,w$ge-%ap$4--,v-%ap$4 ,w9d[ ,frame4--,! wood5 frame built 9 ! w9d[ op5+ = ! sa% to fit into4 ,! ,jambs are ! sides ( ?is frame1 ! ,sill ! bottom piece ^u :i* ! ,jambs re/1 & ! ,head ! top piece ( ! frame4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #ahg & #ahh1 ,*apt] ,,xiii1 & ,fig4 #aic1 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,w9d[-/ops4--,wood5 /rips nail$ ar\nd ! ,jambs1 ,head1 & ,sill ( a w9d[ frame to prev5t ra9 & w9d f ent]+ betwe5 ! sa% & its frame4 ,w+4--,a piece ( sc5]y plac$ at ! side ( ! /age4 ,e4 ,g4 ,see ,figs4 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cce1 #cda1 & #cdb1 ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,index ,a ,adv]tisem5ts = amateur pap]1 #aeb2 dummy =1 #aeb4 ,adv]tis]s' dummy1 #aeb4 ,adv]tis+ signs = circus1 #bga4 ,amateur j\rnalism1 #adb4 ,amateur pap]s1 me?ods ( pr9t+1 #ade2 specim5s (1 #adc1 #adf1 #adg1 #adh1 #adi1 & gr\p opposite #adb2 "* (1 #adh2 nam+ (1 #adi2 frequ5cy ( publication (1 #adi2 size ( page (1 #aej2 head+ =1 #aej2 *oice ( type =1 #aej2 cov] =1 #aea2 b9d+1 #aea2 adv]tisem5ts =1 #aeb2 second-class rates =1 #aeb4 ,&irons = doll-h\se fire-place1 #hh4 ,animals1 animat$1 #bfa2 cork1 see ,cork animals4 ,animat$ animals1 #bfa4 ,ar*]y1 scor+ ( po9ts 91 #bce2 position = %oot+ 91 #bci4 ,arr[-heads1 #bcg2 ,indian1 #bda4 ,arr[-%afts1 #bcg2 fea!r+ (1 #bch2 ,indian1 #bdj4 ,arr[s1 %+le1 #bcb4 ,a%-sift]1 an1 #ec4 ,a?letic club1 organiz+ an1 #bed4 ,a?letic meets1 #bed4 ,att5dants1 circus1 #bfi4 ,automatic-drill1 use ( an1 #ca4 ,automobiles1 clockwork1 #cdc2 t\r+-c>1 #cdc2 deliv]y-wagon1 #ceb4 ,b ,back-saw1 use ( !1 #bd4 ,back-y>d circus1 a1 see ,circus4 ,back-y>d club-h\se1 a1 see ,club-h\se4 ,back-y>d toboggan-slide1 see ,toboggan-slide4 ,bailey plane1 !1 #bf4 ,balli/a1 ! anci5t1 #bca4 ,balu/rades1 doll-h\se1 #gh1 #ajj4 ,b>rel-hoop t>get1 #bcd4 ,ba?-room z a d>k-room1 a1 #aee4 ,batt5 door1 a1 = club-h\se1 #ahd4 ,battles1 mimic1 ) pap] soldi]s1 #bgf4 ,battle%ips1 c>dbo>d1 #cbh4 ,beams1 deck1 = canvas canoe1 #baj4 ,bean-bl[]1 a magaz9e1 #bhb4 ,b$room z a d>k-room1 a1 #aed4 ,b$s1 doll-h\se1 #aah2 p9e-b\gh1 #aih4 ,b5*-hook1 h[ to make a1 #i2 use ( a1 #bd1 #bi4 ,b5*-screw1 iron & wood51 #e4 ,b5*-/ops1 #g4 ,b5*-vise1 h[ to make !1 #e4 ,bevel1 h[ to use !1 #de4 ,bevell+1 #cj4 ,bilge-keels = canvas canoe1 #bae4 ,b9d+ ( amateur pap]s1 #aea4 ,bird's m\? cut1 #h4 ,bits1 a rack =1 #af2 use (1 #ca4 ,bit-/ock1 use (1 #ca2 selection (1 #ca4 ,black+-case1 a1 #fh4 ,bl9d-nail+1 #cd4 ,blockh\se sc5e1 a1 #cai4 ,book-%elves1 #fg4 ,bor+1 #cj4 ,b[ & arr[1 !1 #bcf4 ,b[1 l5g? (1 #bcf2 ! ,indian's1 #bdj4 ,b[ piece = canvas canoe1 #bjd4 ,b[-/r+1 !1 #bcg4 ,box trap1 !1 #bba4 ,boy ab\t ! h\se1 !1 #dg4 ,boy's d>k-room1 a1 #aec4 ,boy's pr9t+-%op1 a1 #abf4 ,boy's room1 sugge/ions = a1 #eg2 suitable furni%+s = a1 #eg4 ,boy's work%op1 a1 #c4 ,braces1 deck1 = canvas canoe1 #baa4 ,bread-bo>d1 h[ to make a1 #ed4 ,broom & du/-pan rack1 a h&y1 #ej4 ,bullets1 c>dbo>d1 #bcc4 ,bunks = log-cab91 #aih4 ,butt-jo9t1 a1 #ei4 ,button-locks = club-h\se1 #ahd4 ,c ,cab9et1 a tool-1 #ad2 a special tool-1 #af2 a curio-1 #fe4 ,cab91 log-1 see ,log-cab94 ,cages = side %[1 #bfj4 ,calk+ cracks1 #ahd4 ,cam]a1 pr(itable "w ) a1 #aec4 ,camp+1 po9t]s =1 #aii2 ut5sils =1 #aii2 o!r necess>y articles =1 #aii2 provisions =1 #bjj4 ,camp-table1 a1 #aii4 ,cannon1 dang] ( /ore1 #bgc2 a fire-crack]1 #bgc2 ano!r toy1 #bgf4 ,canoe1 h[ to build a canvas1 #bja2 mat]ials =1 #bjb2 putt+ toge!r framework (1 #bjg2 canvas cov]+ = framework (1 #bab2 pa9t+ (1 #bad4 ,canvas canoe1 see ,canoe4 ,canvas cov]+ = canoe1 #bab4 ,c> = toy railway1 a simple1 #ccd2 a gondola1 #ccf2 a /reet1 #ccf2 o!r c>s1 #cdj4 ,c>p5t]'s c>ry+-box1 a1 #ag4 ,c>p5t]'s horses1 #i4 ,c>p5t] "w1 advantages ( und]/&+1 #c4 ,c>pets = doll-h\se1 #ajf4 ,c>ry+-box1 a c>p5t]'s1 #ag4 ,case1 a black+-1 #fh2 upp] & l[] type-1 #abi2 s*eme = lay+ type-1 #abi2 ! ,yankee job-1 #acj2 a negative-1 #afg4 ,ca/]s = doll-h\se1 #hd4 ,catapult1 ! anci5t1 #bbi4 ,cat*1 spr+-1 = doll-h\se1 #ih2 = /able1 #ajb2 = club-h\se1 #ahc4 ,*a9 & rattle1 a wood51 #cei4 ,*airs1 m9iature mission1 #aac4 ,*amf]+1 #cj4 ,*>iot1 a circus1 #bgj4 ,*ase1 ! type1 #acf4 ,*emi/ry ,news1 !1 #adc1 #adf4 ,*imney1 doll-h\se1 #he1 #id2 log-cab91 #aib4 ,*isels1 racks =1 #af2 =ms (1 #bh2 h[ to use ! firm]-1 #bh2 fram+-1 #bi2 p>+ )1 #bi2 gr9d+ (1 #ch4 ,cig>-boxes1 prep>ation (1 #aaj4 ,cig>-box furniture1 see ,furniture4 ,circus1 a back-y>d1 #bee2 ! anci5t ,roman1 #bee2 ! mod]n1 #bee2 h[ sev]al boys gave a1 #bef2 prep>+ a back-y>d = a1 #bef2 ideas = p]=mance (1 #bef2 p>ades1 #bga4 ,classify+ negatives1 #afe2 manila envelopes =1 #afe4 ,cl9*+ nails1 #cd4 ,clock1 a m9iature gr&fa!r's1 #aag4 ,clockwork automobiles1 #cdc4 ,clockwork railway1 #cee4 ,clockwork tick-tack1 a1 #bhf4 ,clo!s1 work%op1 #ah2 hooks = work%op1 #ai4 ,clo!s-l9e reel1 a h&y1 #dh4 ,cl[n1 suit =1 #bfh2 /unts =1 #bfi2 slapp] = !1 #bfi4 ,club1 organiz+ an a?letic1 #bed4 ,club-h\se1 a back-y>d1 #age2 draw+ plan (1 #agh2 /ak+ out1 #agi2 mat]ial =1 #agh4 ,coam+ = cockpit1 #bad4 ,cockpit1 #bab2 coam+ =1 #bad4 ,color$ lights = m9iature !atre1 #cji4 ,compass-saw1 use ( !1 #ba4 ,compos+-rule1 a1 #acd2 h[ to use a1 #ace4 ,compos+-/ick1 h[ to use !1 #acd4 ,compos+ type1 #acd4 ,coop trap1 !1 #bbd4 ,cork animals1 #cfc2 a pig1 #cfd2 a horse1 #cfd2 ! elephant1 #cfe2 ! giraffe1 #cfe2 a porcup9e1 #cff2 o!r animals1 #cff4 ,cork toys1 #cfc2 animals1 #cfc2 ! korka-bird1 #cff2 a duck1 #cfg2 boats1 #cfg2 furniture1 #cfg2 a toy log-cab91 #cfi4 ,corn]1 h[ to fit up a cosey-1 #eh4 ,cosey-corn]1 h[ to fit up a1 #eh2 a doll-h\se1 #ajg4 ,c\*1 a1 #fc2 cov]+ (1 #fd4 ,c\nt]s9k1 use ( !1 #cg4 ,cracks1 calk+1 #ahd4 ,cross-b> = jump /&>ds1 #bej4 ,cross-b[1 ! anci5t1 #bca2 new idea = a1 #bca4 ,cross-cut saw1 use ( !1 #ba4 ,cupbo>d1 provision1 #aig4 ,curio-cab9et1 a1 #fe2 f9i%+ (1 #fg2 catalogue =1 #fg4 ,curta91 drop-1 #cjf4 ,curta9s = doll-h\se1 #ajf4 ,curves1 draw+1 #bjd4 ,d ,d>k-lant]n1 a home-made1 #afc4 ,d>k-room1 a boy's1 #aec2 a b$room z a1 #aed2 a ba?-room z a1 #aee2 ano!r s*eme = a1 #aef4 ,dead fall trap1 !1 #bbb4 ,deck beams = canvas canoe1 #baj4 ,deck braces = canvas canoe1 #baa4 ,def9itions ( t]ms & phrases1 #cga4 ,deliv]y-wagon1 a clockwork automobile1 #ceb2 frame =1 #ceb2 c>dbo>d sides =1 #cec2 ! :eels1 #ced2 o!r portions (1 #ced2 pa9t+1 #cee4 ,desk1 h[ to make a writ+-1 #ei2 ano!r /yle (1 #fb2 f9i%+ (1 #fa4 ,disappe>+ rope1 !1 #bij4 ,di/ribution ( type1 #acg4 ,divide a bo>d1 to1 #de4 ,doll furniture1 #aji4 ,doll-h\se1 h[ to make a1 #ga2 ! /ore1 #ga2 pa9t+ !1 #ij2 ano!r /yle (1 #ia2 furni%+ !1 #aje4 ,door1 batt51 = club-h\se1 #ahd2 log-cab91 #aid4 ,doors1 doll-h\se1 #hj1 #hd2 trim =1 #hd2 /able1 #ajd4 ,d[ell+1 #fj4 ,draw+1 p>allel l9es1 #dc2 enl>g+ by squ>es1 #aaj2 curves1 #bjd4 ,draw-knife1 use ( a1 #cj2 h[ to gr9d !1 #ci4 ,dress]1 a doll's1 #abj2 a cig>-box1 #abd4 ,drill1 an automatic-1 #ca4 ,driv+ nails1 #cb4 ,drop-curta91 #cjf4 ,drops = m9iature !atre1 #caf1 #cbj4 ,dry+-rack1 a1 #afa2 ano!r s*eme = a1 #afa4 ,duck1 a cork1 #cfg4 ,dummy1 ! adv]tis]s'1 #aeb4 ,du/-pan & broom rack1 a h&y1 #ej4 ,e ,ela/ic sl+1 an1 #bcd4 ,elephant1 a circus1 #bfa2 tricks = !1 #bfi2 a cork1 #cfe4 ,elevator1 a doll-h\se1 #id2 %aft =1 #ib2 c> (1 #if2 guide-wires =1 #if2 pulleys1 *a91 & weight =1 #ig4 ,enl>g+ by squ>es1 #aaj4 ,ent]prise1 a w9t]1 #afi4 ,equipm5t ( work%op1 #d2 ( pr9t+-%op1 #abh2 ( d>k-room1 #aed4 ,f ,fea!r+ arr[-%afts1 #bch4 ,fe$-hoi/ = /able1 #ajd4 ,fe$-tr\ghs = /able1 #ajc4 ,field sc5e1 a1 #caf4 ,figure-f\r trap1 !1 #bai4 ,filt] = d>k-room tank1 #aeh4 ,fire-crack] cannon1 a1 #bgc4 ,fire-crack] mort>1 a1 #bge4 ,fire-crack]s1 fir+1 f kites1 #bgh4 ,fire-place1 doll-h\se1 #hf2 log-cab91 #aij1 #aib4 ,fireworks1 dang] & co/ ( mak+1 #bgb2 h>mless & inexp5sive1 #bgc4 ,fir+ ,roman-c&les f kites1 #bgg2 fire-crack]s f kites1 #bgh2 nigg]-*as]s ) cross-b[1 #bgh4 ,firm]-*isels1 use (1 #bh4 ,fi%+ /uds1 #agh4 ,fi%-plates1 #agh4 ,floodlights1 #cjh4 ,floor1 back-y>d club-h\se1 #aha2 mud1 = log-cab91 #aic4 ,floors1 doll-h\se1 #gd1 #gf1 #ia2 f9i%+ ( h>dwood1 #ajf4 ,fly-kill]1 a simple1 #ea2 use ( !1 #eb4 ,fold+-b$1 a cig>-box1 #abc4 ,footlights1 #cjg4 ,=e-plane1 use ( !1 #be4 ,=m1 lock+ up a1 #acf2 ov]lay+ !1 #ach2 und]lay+ !1 #ach4 ,f\nta9 p51 a home-made1 #cef4 ,f\r? ( ,july1 sugge/ions =1 #bgb2 ! fir/1 #bgb4 ,frames = sc5]y drops1 #cad4 ,frames1 picture-1 = a boy's room1 #ei4 ,fram+-*isels1 use (1 #bi4 ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 #adb4 ,furniture1 cork1 #cfg2 a *air1 #cfh2 ! s(a1 #cfh2 a tab\ret1 #cfh4 ,furniture1 mission1 #aji2 *airs1 #aac2 settee1 #aad2 tables1 #aad2 ano!r design = tables1 #aae2 side-bo>d1 #aae2 a mirror1 #aag2 gr&fa!r's clock1 #aag2 kit*5 furniture1 #aah2 b$s1 #aah2 dress]1 #abj2 wa%-/&1 #aba2 f9i%+ (1 #aba4 ,furniture1 suitable = a boy's room1 #eg2 selection ( doll-h\se1 #ajg2 doll-1 #aji2 metal1 #aji2 o!r cig>-box1 #abb2 pr9t]'s metal & wood51 #acf4 ,g ,gable-ends1 ! doll-h\se1 #gi1 #ig2 ! /able1 #ajb4 ,gable ro( = doll-h\se1 #ib2 = /able1 #aja4 ,galley1 a home-made1 #ace4 ,gambrel ro( = doll-h\se1 #gi4 ,gauge-p9s1 #aci4 ,gaug+ ) rule & p5cil1 #dc2 ) ! m>k+-gauge1 #dc4 ,gig-saw1 use ( !1 #bd4 ,giraffe1 a circus1 #bfb2 loop+ ! hoop on a1 #bfi2 tricks = !1 #bgj2 a cork1 #cfe4 ,gobl9-man1 !1 #bhf4 ,gondola c>1 a1 #ccf4 ,g\ge1 use ( !1 #cj2 h[ to gr9d !1 #ci4 ,gr&fa!r's clock1 a m9iature1 #aag4 ,gratz ,p>k ,news1 !1 #adh4 ,gr9d+1 ! prop] me?od (1 #cg4 ,gr9d-/one1 use ( !1 #cg4 ,gun1 a %ot-1 #bcd4 ,guns1 anci5t1 #bbi4 ,gunwales = canvas canoe1 #bjh2 outside1 #bae4 ,gymnasium1 an outdoor1 #bdc2 location (1 #bdc4 ,h ,hall[e51 #bha2 anci5t sup]/itions (1 #bha2 orig9 (1 #bha4 ,halv+1 #bei4 ,hamm]1 selection (1 #cb4 ,h&l+ ( tools1 ! prop]1 #bj4 ,hat*et1 p>+ ) a1 #cb2 h[ to gr9d a1 #dj4 ,h+e-lock1 !1 #dh4 ,h+es1 /rap-1 #ahd2 wood51 #aid4 ,hook1 h[ to make a b5*-1 #i4 ,hooks1 hat & coat1 #ai4 ,hoop1 loop+ !1 on a giraffe1 #bfi4 ,horizontal b>1 a1 #bdc4 ,horse1 ! circus wild1 #bfe2 ! cork1 #cfd4 ,horses1 c>p5t]'s1 #i4 ,h\se1 ! boy ab\t !1 #dg2 h[ to make a doll-1 #ga2 ano!r doll-1 #ia2 a back-y>d club-1 see ,club-h\se4 ,hurdles1 #bec4 ,i ,ideas = a circus p]=mance1 #bfi4 ,impos+-/one1 !1 #acf4 ,indian1 /ory ( a trapp$1 #bbg4 ,ink+ ! press1 #adj4 ,ink-/& & p5-tray1 an1 #fc4 ,int]ior sc5e1 an1 #cbb4 ,j ,jack-plane1 use ( !1 #be4 ,japanese lant]ns1 = decorat+ circus t5t1 #beg2 hung f kite-/r+1 #bgh4 ,jobb+1 #dg2 outfit =1 #dg4 ,jocko1 #bfg4 ,john/one1 ,m>y ,jane1 #agf4 ,jo9t$ figures1 #cbe2 op]ation (1 #cbg4 ,j\rnalism1 amateur1 #adb4 ,jump /&>ds1 a pair (1 #bdi4 ,ju/ify+1 #ace4 ,k ,keel = canvas canoe1 #bae2 bilge-1 #bae4 ,keelson = canvas canoe1 #bjf4 ,k]f1 def9ition (1 #be4 ,kit*5 furniture = doll-h\se1 #aah4 ,kites1 fir+ fireworks f1 #bgg4 ,knife1 "w to d ) a1 #cef4 ,knives1 h[ to gr9d1 #dj4 ,korka-bird1 !1 #cff4 ,l ,ladd]1 /able hay-l(t1 #ajc2 toboggan-slide1 #bif4 ,lake ,high ,s*ool ,daily1 !1 #adf4 ,lant]n1 a home-made d>k-1 #afc4 ,lant]ns1 ,japanese1 = circus t5t1 #beg2 hung f kite-/r+1 #bgh4 ,lat*1 wood51 = club-h\se1 #ahd2 = log-cab91 #aie4 ,lay+ out "w1 #db2 tools =1 #db4 ,l$g]1 ,!1 #adi4 ,lett]1 a my/]i\s1 #agf4 ,lightn+1 h[ to imitate1 #ccj4 ,lock1 work%op door1 #ai2 a h+e-1 #dh2 spr+-cat* = doll-h\se1 #ih2 spr+-cat* = /able1 #ajb2 club-h\se1 #ahc2 button = club-h\se1 #ahd2 = turn/ile1 #bei4 ,lock+ up a =m1 #acf2 quo9s1 %oot+-/ick1 & key =1 #acf4 ,lock-jo9t1 !1 #ahi4 ,log-cab91 h[ to build a1 #ahf2 ! pione]1 #ahf2 ! mod]n1 #ahf2 site =1 #ahh2 design & size (1 #ahh2 mat]ial =1 #ahh2 /ak+ out1 #ahi2 furni%+s =1 #aig2 a toy1 #cfi4 ,loop+ ! hoop on a giraffe1 #bfi4 ,m ,magaz9e bean-bl[]1 a1 #bhb4 ,magic p9-:eel1 !1 #ceg4 ,mantel & fire-place1 a doll-h\se1 #hf4 ,mantel-%elf = log-cab91 #aig4 ,m>k = broad jump+1 #bed4 ,m>k+-gauge1 a1 #dc2 h[ to op]ate a1 #dd4 ,mat]ials1 receptacles = pr9t+1 #adj2 cab9et = d>k-room1 #afa4 ,me*anical effects = m9iature !atre1 #cbi4 ,mid-ocean sc5e1 a1 #cae4 ,mimic battles ) pap] soldi]s1 #bgf4 ,m9iature !atre1 a1 see ,!atre4 ,mirror1 ,!1 #adf1 #adg4 ,mirror = doll-h\se1 #aag4 ,mission furniture1 doll1 see ,furniture4 ,mitre-box1 h[ to make a1 #aj4 ,monkey1 make-up =1 #bfg2 tricks =1 #bgj2 *>iot =1 #bgj4 ,mort>1 a fire-crack]1 #bge4 ,m\ld = canvas canoe1 #bjg4 ,my/]i\s lett]1 a1 #agf4 ,n ,nail-box1 h[ to make a1 #ah4 ,nail+1 toe-1 #cc2 bl9d-1 #cd4 ,nails1 driv+1 #cb2 )draw+1 #cc2 cl9*+1 #cd2 =ms (1 #ce2 sizes (1 #cf4 ,nail-set1 !1 #cd4 ,negative-case1 #afg2 f9i%+ (1 #afh4 ,nigg]-*as]s1 fir+1 ) cross-b[1 #bgh4 ,o ,ocean sc5e1 an1 #cac4 ,(fice1 ticket1 #beg4 ,oil-/one1 selection (1 #dj2 ! ,wa%ita1 #dj4 ,oily rags & wa/e1 c>e (1 #ai1 #ada4 ,outdoor gymnasium1 an1 #bdc4 ,ov]lay+ a =m1 #ach4 ,p ,pack+-cases = doll-h\se1 #gb1 #ia4 ,paddle1 a s+le1 #bag4 ,pap]+ ! doll-h\se1 #aje4 ,pap]s1 amateur1 see ,amateur pap]s4 ,p>ades1 circus1 #bga4 ,p>allel b>s1 #bde4 ,p>allel l9es1 to draw1 #dc4 ,p>+1 #bi4 ,p>titions1 doll-h\se1 #gd1 #ia2 /able /all1 #ajb4 ,p51 a home-made f\nta91 #cef4 ,p5ants1 college1 = cosey-corn]1 #eh4 ,p5-tray1 an ink-/& &1 #fc4 ,picture-frame1 a prosc5ium1 #cjc4 ,picture-frames = a boy's room1 #ei4 ,pictures1 suitable1 = a doll-h\se1 #ajg4 ,pie+1 #ace4 ,pig1 a cork1 #cfd4 ,p9-:eel1 ! magic1 #ceg4 ,pi/ol1 a toy1 #bcc2 c>dbo>d bullets =1 #bcc4 ,plan1 draw+1 = club-h\se1 #agh4 ,plane1 use ( ! jack-1 ! =e-1 & ! smoo?+-1 #be2 ! ,/anley1 #be2 ! ,bailey1 #bf2 pr9t]'s1 #acg4 ,plane-iron1 h[ to gr9d a1 #ci2 h[ to :et a1 #da4 ,planes1 *oice (1 #be4 ,plan+1 position =1 #bf2 wood ) crook$ gra91 #bg2 end-wood1 #bg4 ,plate-lift]1 a1 #afe4 ,plate-rack1 a1 #ed2 /a9+ (1 #ef4 ,plat=m = pun*+-bag1 #bdh4 ,plat=m = toboggan-slide1 #bic4 ,pl\gh1 a sn[1 #afi4 ,plumb1 h[ to make a1 #ab2 h[ to use a1 #ac4 ,po9ts1 scor+ (1 9 ar*]y1 #bce4 ,pole1 a vault+1 #bea4 ,pond1 = m9iature !atre1 #cbj4 ,porcup9e1 a cork1 #cff4 ,porti]es = doll-h\se1 #ajf4 ,po/]s = a boy's room1 #eh4 ,pres]v+ negatives1 #afe2 manila envelopes =1 #afe4 ,press ,association1 ! ,national ,amateur1 #adc2 ! ,unit$ ,amateur1 #adc2 ! ,int]/ate ,amateur1 #add2 ! ,we/]n ,amateur1 #add2 local amateur1 #add2 advantages ( memb]%ip 9 a1 #add4 ,presswork1 po9t]s =1 #ach4 ,pr9t+1 #abf2 neatness 91 #adj4 ,pr9t+-press1 />t+ ) a small1 #abf2 ink+ !1 #adj4 ,pr9t+-%op1 a boy's1 #abf2 location (1 #abf2 ! au?or's1 #abh2 equipm5t (1 #abh4 ,pro(s1 /rik+1 #acf2 correct+1 #acf2 dispos+ ( wa/e1 #ada4 ,prop] h&l+ ( tools1 !1 #bj4 ,prop]ties = m9iature !atre1 #cbg4 ,prosc5ium1 a picture-frame1 #cjc4 ,provision cupbo>d1 #aig4 ,provisions = camp+1 #bjj4 ,pun*+-bag plat=m1 #bdh4 ,punctures 9 a canvas canoe1 to m5d1 #baf4 ,pur*as+ tools1 advice ab\t1 #ac4 ,q ,quiv]1 #bci4 ,quo9s1 #acf4 ,r ,rabbit sn>e1 #bbe4 ,rack1 /eel-squ>e1 #af2 a broom & du/-pan1 #ej2 a plate-1 #ed2 a t[el-1 #gj2 type-case1 #aca2 a wa%+-1 #aei2 a dry+-1 #afa2 ano!r s*eme = a dry+-1 #afa4 ,racks1 bit & *isel1 #af2 o!r tool1 #af4 ,rail+ = toboggan-slide1 #bif4 ,railway1 mak+ a toy1 #cca2 mat]ials =1 #cca2 trolley-l9e =1 #cca2 p[] = op]at+1 #ccc2 tracks =1 #ccd2 c>s =1 #ccd2 op]ation (1 #cdj2 /ation =1 #cda2 a clockwork1 #cee4 ,ra91 h[ to imitate1 #ccj4 ,reel1 a clo!s-l9e1 #dh4 ,ren=c+ runn]s ( sl$1 #bii4 ,ribb&s = canvas canoe1 #bjh4 ,ridge bo>ds1 #aib4 ,ridge pieces = canvas canoe1 #baa4 ,r+ = a back-y>d circus1 #bef4 ,r+ ma/]1 co/ume =1 #bfh2 duties ( !1 #bgj4 ,rip-saw1 use ( !1 #ba4 ,ro> ( cannon1 h[ to imitate1 #ccj4 ,rocks = sea%ore sc5e1 #cae4 ,roll]s1 ! prop] c>e ( pr9t+1 #adj4 ,roman c&les1 fir+1 f kites1 #bgg4 ,roman circus1 !1 #bee4 ,ro(1 ! gambrel1 #gi2 ! gable1 #ib1 #aja2 t>-pap] = back-y>d club-h\se1 #aha2 log-cab91 #aia2 cov]+ ( cab91 #aib4 ,room1 sugge/ions = a boy's1 #eg2 suitable furni%+s = a boy's1 #eg4 ,rope1 ! disappe>+1 #bij4 ,rope b> = jump /&>ds1 #bea4 ,ruby lant]n = d>k-room1 a home-made1 #afc4 ,ruby-light1 a1 #afb4 ,rule1 a compos+1 #acd4 ,runn]s = sl$1 #bih2 ren=c+1 #bii4 ,runn+ track1 a1 #bec4 ,runn+ wat] = d>k-room1 #aef4 ,ru/ic bridges = m9iature !atre1 #cbj4 ,ru/ic seats1 #aih1 #aii4 ,s ,sail-boats1 toy cork1 #cfg4 ,s&-pap] block1 a1 #ab4 ,sa% = work%op1 #d2 = back-y>d club-h\se1 #ahb2 = log-cab91 #aid4 ,saw1 use ( cross-cut1 #ba2 use ( rip-1 #ba2 diff]5ce 9 tee? ( cross-cut & rip-1 #ba2 ! back-1 #bd2 ! compass-& gig-1 #bd4 ,saw+1 ! prop] mann] (1 #bb4 ,saws1 *oice (1 #ba2 %>p5+ (1 #da4 ,sc5e1 an ocean1 #cac2 a mid-ocean1 #cae2 a sea%ore1 #caf2 a field1 #caf2 a blockh\se1 #cai2 a /reet1 #cbj2 an int]ior1 #cbb4 ,sc5]y1 mat]ial =1 #cab2 frames =1 #cad2 drops1 #caf1 #cbj2 w+s1 #cag1 #cah1 #cai1 #cba2 trees1 #cag1 #cah2 ru/ic bridges1 #cbj2 pond or lake1 #cbj4 ,sc5]y1 prop]ties1 & me*anical effects1 #caa4 ,scor+ ( po9ts 9 ar*]y1 #bce4 ,scrap]1 a sn[1 #agj4 ,screw1 iron & wood5 b5*-1 #e4 ,screw-driv]1 a desirable1 #cf4 ,screws1 =ms (1 #cf4 ,sea%ore sc5e1 a1 #caf4 ,seat1 a w9d[-1 #fe2 ru/ic1 #aih1 #aii2 canvas canoe1 #baf4 ,seats = a back-y>d circus1 #beg4 ,second-class matt]1 #aeb4 ,set-piece1 a f9al1 #bhj4 ,settee1 a m9iature mission1 #aad4 ,%>p5+ tools1 #cg4 ,%elves1 work%op1 #ah2 book-1 #fg4 ,%+le arr[s1 #bcb4 ,%+les = log-cab91 #aib4 ,%oot+ 9 ar*]y1 position =1 #bci4 ,%oot+-/ick1 a pr9t]'s1 #acg4 ,%oot+-tor*1 a1 #bgi4 ,%ot-gun1 a1 #bcd4 ,%ovel1 a sn[1 #aga4 ,side-bo>d1 a m9iature mission1 #aae4 ,side %[1 ! circus1 #bfj4 ,sieve trap1 !1 #bbd4 ,sift] = a%es1 #ec4 ,signs1 adv]tis+1 = circus1 #bga4 ,s9k = d>k-room1 #aeh4 ,slapp]1 ! cl[n's1 #bfi4 ,sl$1 a home-made1 #bif2 iron runn]s =1 #bih2 ren=c+ runn]s (1 #bii4 ,sl+1 an ela/ic1 #bcd4 ,smi?1 collection ( ,mr4 ,e4 ,h41 #adb4 ,smoo?+-plane1 use ( !1 #be4 ,sn>e1 a rabbit1 #bbe4 ,sn[ pl\gh1 a1 #afi4 ,sn[ scrap]1 a1 #agj4 ,sn[ %ovel1 a1 #aga4 ,soldi]s = m9iature !atre1 #cbd2 /&>ds =1 #cbd1 #cbe2 jo9t$1 #cbe4 ,specim5s ( amateur pap]s1 #adc1 #adf1 #adg1 #adh1 #adi1 & gr\p opposite #adb4 ,spotlights1 #cji4 ,spr+-bo>d1 a1 #bea4 ,spr+-cat*1 see ,cat*4 ,spr9ts1 me?od ( />t+1 #bed4 ,/able1 h[ to build a1 #ajj2 pa9t+ !1 #ajd4 ,/age1 con/ruction (1 see ,!atre4 ,/airways1 doll-h\se1 #gf1 #ih4 ,/all p>titions = /able1 #ajb4 ,/&>ds1 a pair ( jump1 #bdi4 ,/anley plane1 !1 #be4 ,/ation = toy railway1 #cda4 ,/eel-squ>e1 rack =1 #af2 lay+ out "w ) !1 #db4 ,/eps1 front1 #gh2 re>1 #gi4 ,/]n piece = canvas canoe1 #bjd4 ,/ick1 compos+-1 #acd2 ! %oot+-1 #acg4 ,/ops1 b5*-1 #g4 ,/reet c>1 a1 #ccf4 ,/reet sc5e1 a1 #cbj4 ,/rop1 h[ to make a1 #ab2 h[ to use a1 #da4 ,/ropp+1 #da4 ,/uds1 fi%+1 #agh2 plac+ (1 = club-h\se1 #agi4 ,supplies1 receptacles = work%op1 #ah2 cab9et = d>k-room1 #afa4 ,swivel = pun*+-bag1 a1 #bdi4 ,t ,table1 a m9iature mission1 #aad2 ano!r design (1 #aae2 a camp-1 #aii4 ,tank1 wat]1 = d>k-room1 #aef4 ,t>get1 a b>rel-hoop1 #bcd2 a simpl]1 #bce4 ,t>-pap] = club-h\se ro(1 #aha4 ,teepee1 a pap]1 #cbh4 ,t5t = back-y>d circus1 #beg2 decorat+1 #beg4 ,t5ts1 pap]1 #cbh4 ,te/+ "w1 ways (1 #bh4 ,!atre1 a m9iature1 #cjc2 framework =1 #cjc2 ! gridiron1 #cje2 ! /age floor1 #cje2 drop-curta91 #cjf2 sett+ up1 #caj2 tickets =1 #caj2 a w> drama =1 #cbd4 ,?und]1 h[ to imitate1 #ccj4 ,ticket (fice1 #beg4 ,tickets = circus1 #bef2 = m9iature !atre1 #caj4 ,tick-tack1 a new /yle (1 #bhd2 a clockwork1 #bhf4 ,toboggan-slide1 a back-y>d1 #bia2 location (1 #bia2 l5g? (1 #bic2 mat]ial =1 #bie4 ,toe-nail+1 #cc4 ,tool-cab9et1 a1 #ad2 = special tools1 #af4 ,tools1 pur*as+ (1 #ac2 li/ f :i* to select1 #ad2 prop] h&l+ (1 #bj2 l5d+1 #bj2 %>p5+1 #cg4 ,tor*1 a %oot+-1 #bgi4 ,t\r+-c>1 a clockwork automobile1 #cdc2 frame =1 #cdd2 belt =1 #cdf2 te/+ ! ma*9e1 #cdf2 c>dbo>d sides (1 #cdh2 :eels =1 #cdi2 mud-gu>ds =1 #cdi2 lamps =1 #cdi2 /e]+-:eel =1 #cej2 brake =1 #cej2 *auffeur =1 #cej2 pa9t+1 #cea4 ,t[el-rack1 a1 #gj4 ,toy guns1 t>gets1 & b[s & arr[s1 #bbi4 ,toy railway1 mak+ a1 see ,railway4 ,toys1 cork1 #cfc4 ,track1 a runn+1 #bec4 ,tracks = toy railway1 #ccd4 ,tra9s1 c>dbo>d1 #cbi4 ,trap1 ! figure-f\r1 #bai2 ! box1 #bba2 ! dead fall1 #bbb2 ! sieve1 #bbd2 ! coop1 #bbd2 a rabbit sn>e1 #bbe2 a twit*-up1 #bbf4 ,traps1 home-made1 #bah4 ,trebu*ets1 anci5t1 #bbi4 ,trees1 #cag1 #cah2 /&>ds =1 #cag2 p9e b\ghs =1 #cai4 ,tri$-edge1 !1 #bh4 ,trimm+s1 ( doll-h\se1 outside1 #hd2 int]ior1 #hi2 /able1 #ajd4 ,trolley-l9e = toy railway1 #cca4 ,try-squ>e1 te/+ "w ) !1 #bh2 lay+ out "w ) !1 #db2 a mitr$-h&le1 #de4 ,tumbl+-mat1 a1 #bde4 ,turn/ile1 a1 #bei2 lock =1 #bei4 ,twit*-up1 a1 #bbf4 ,tympan1 ! pr9t+-press1 #ach4 ,tympan-%eets1 #ach4 ,type1 selection (1 #abi2 composition (1 #acd2 pie+1 #ace2 di/ribution (1 #acg2 wa%+1 #adj4 ,type-cases1 upp] & l[]1 #abi2 s*eme = lay+1 #abi2 ! ,yankee job1 #acj2 rack =1 #aca4 ,typesett+1 #acd4 ,u ,und]lay+ a =m1 #ach4 ,ut5sils = camp+1 #aii4 ,v ,vault+1 pole =1 #bea4 ,vise1 h[ to make a1 #e4 ,w ,wagons1 c>dbo>d1 #cbi4 ,walls1 doll-h\se1 #gd1 #gi1 #ib2 /able1 #aja1 #ajd2 club-h\se1 #aha4 ,w>drobe1 cig>-box1 #abe4 ,wa%+-box1 a1 #aeh2 rack (1 #aei2 box (1 #afj2 h[ to use !1 #afa4 ,wa%-/&1 a doll's1 #aba4 ,wa/e & oily rags1 c>e (1 #ai1 #ada4 ,wat]1 runn+1 = d>k-room1 #aef2 filt] =1 #aeh4 ,wat]-tank = d>k-room1 #aef4 ,waves = ocean sc5e1 #cad4 ,weapons1 anci5t1 #bbi4 ,:et/one1 selection (1 #dj2 ! ,wa%ita1 #dj4 ,:ett+1 ! prop] way (1 #da4 ,wicks1 book by ,mr4 ,w4 ,s41 #ahh4 ,wild horse1 ! circus1 #bfe4 ,wild man ( ,borneo1 !1 #bfe1 #bff4 ,w9d1 h[ to imitate1 #ccj4 ,w9d[1 = work%op1 #d2 = back-y>d club-h\se1 #ahb4 ,w9d[s1 doll-h\se1 #hj1 #ib2 dorm]1 #hj2 glass =1 #hb2 casem5t1 #hb2 divid$ glass =1 #hd2 /able1 #ajc2 log-cab91 #aij1 #aid4 ,w9d[-seat1 a1 #fe4 ,w+s = m9iature !atre1 #cag1 #cah1 #cai1 #cba4 ,w9t] ent]prise1 a1 #afi2 contract+ "w =1 #afi4 ,)draw+ nails1 #cc4 ,wood5 *a9 & rattle1 #cei4 ,"w1 lay+ out1 #db4 ,"w to d ) a knife1 #cef4 ,"w-b5*1 a solid1 #d4 ,work%op1 a boy's1 #c2 location (1 #d2 clo!s =1 #ah4 ,"w-table = d>k-room1 #aee4 ,writ+-desk1 h[ to make a1 #ei2 ano!r /yle (1 #fb2 f9i%+ (1 #fa4 ,y ,yankee job-case1 !1 #acj4