file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #dbdfi-;h4htm or #dbdfi-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #dbdfi_/pg#dbdfi-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#dbdf i_/dbdfi-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/conv5i5?\ ses#jj;gibs ,illu/ration3 ,,figure ,a4 ,,conv5i5t ,,h\ses ,) ,fifty ,plans = ! ,h\sekeep] ,ar*itect & ,h\sewife--,a ,j\rney ,?r\gh ! ,h\se--,fifty ,conv5i5t ,h\se ,plans--,practical ,h\se ,build+ = ! ,own]--,bus9ess ,po9ts 9 ,build+--,h[ to ,pay = a ,home by ,,l\is ,h4 ,,gibson ,ar*itect ,new ,york3 ,?omas ,y4 ,cr[ell ,co4 ,copyright1 #ahhi1 ,by ,l\is ,h4 ,gibson4 ,c4 ,j4 ,pet]s ,son1 ,typograph]s ,& ,electrotyp]s1 #ade ,high ,/reet1 ,bo/on4 ,,preface4 ,:5 ! read] is famili> ) ! writ]'s g5]al purposes1 x is easi] to und]/& ! details ( 8 "w4 ,?is book is int5d$ to deal ) h\ses 9 a h\sekeep+ _s4 ,9 do+ ?is1 ! ar*itect has 9 m9d conv5i5ce1 /ability1 & t ideal ( h\sekeep]s1 beauty ( surr\nd+s4 ,9 c>ry+ out ?is idea1 ! relation ( ar*itecture to good & economical h\sekeep+ is fir/ consid]$4 ,foll[+ ?is division is ,a ,j\rney ?r\gh ! ,h\se4 ,x beg9s at ! por*1 moves ?r\gh ! diff]5t rooms1 & /ops to consid] ! v>i\s details4 ,?is br+s ab\t n only a consid]ation ( ! g5]al arrangem5t ( a h\se1 b su* details z kit*5s & pantries1 plumb+1 laundry1 & heat+4 ,^! fir/ two sections ( ! book--,! ,ar*itect & ! ,h\sewife1 & ,a ,j\rney ?r\gh ! ,h\se--are1 9 a measure1 educational4 ,aft] ?is1 & 9 keep+ ) ! g5]al pr9ciples t h be5 set =?1 plans ( fifty conv5i5t h\ses are illu/rat$ & describ$4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 !y are h\ses t h be5 built4 ,! next section is devot$ to practical h\se-build+4 ,x is con/ruct$ by tak+ a complete specification = ev]y?+ :i* may conc]n a dwell+-h\se1 & ridd+ x1 z f> z possible1 ( all te*nicalities2 ?us putt+ 9 =m all practical h\se-build+ que/ions = ! b5efit ( ! own]4 ,foll[+ ?is is ! consid]ation ( bus9ess po9ts 9 build+1 :i* sets =? me?ods ( lett+ contracts ) ! view ( secur+ ! be/ results )\t wa/e ( money4 ,! clos+ section is devot$ to ! gett+ ( a home1--h[ to arrange ! mon?ly-paym5t s*emes1 build+-association plans1 & o!r me?ods = gett+ a h\se on easy in/alm5ts4 ,,l\is ,h4 ,,gibson1 ,,ar*itect4 ,,indianapolis1 ,,ind41 ,septemb]1 #ahhi4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,! ,,ar*itect ,,& ,,! ,,h\sewife4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,h\sekeep] ,,& ,,! ,,ar*itect4--,,floor-,,plans ,,z ,,relat$ ,,to ,,good ,,h\sekeep+4--,,labor-,,sav+ ,,devices4--,,economy ,,& ,,good ,,con/ruction4--,,compact ,,h\ses ,,n ,,necess>ily ,,cr[d$4--,,wood-,,"w ,,t ,,is ,,readily ,,clean$ #aa-ae ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,h\sekeep+ ,,op]ations4--,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,h\sekeep]4--,,! ,,av]age ,,h\sework ,,( ,a ,,week4--,,! ,,ar*itect',s ,,lesson ,,!refrom #af-bj ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,mod]n ,,conv5i5ces4--,a ,,little ,,hi/ory4--,,plans ,,t ,,make ,,extra ,,"w4--,,mod]n ,,conv5i5ces ,,enum]at$ #ba-be ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,mod]n ,,ar*itects ,,& ,,! ,,h\sekeep]4--,,misplac$ ,,h\ses4--,,old ,,colonial ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,colonial ,,h\ses4--,,affectation ,,9 ,,design4--,,natural ,,developm5t ,,( ,,am]ican ,,ar*itecture4--,,am]ican ,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,am]ican ,,homes #bf-bh ,a ,,j\rney ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,h\se4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,j\rney ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,h\se4--,,por*4--,,ve/ibule4--,,hall4-- ,,long ,,halls ,,& ,,squ>e ,,halls4--,,! ,,hall ,,t ,,is ,a ,,room4--,,reception-,,hall4--,,p>lor4-- ,,sitt+-,,room4--,,d9+-,,room #ca-ch ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,kit*5s4--,,! ,,kit*5 ,a ,,work%op4--,,"w ,,to ,,be ,,done ,,9 ,a ,,kit*54--,a ,,plan4--,,fitt+s4--,,di%-,,wa%+ ,,conv5i5ces4--,,s9k ,,& ,,tables4--,,*9a-,,closet4--,,pantry4 --,,comb9ation ,,pantry4--,,pantry ,,fitt+s4--,,"w ,,9 ,a ,,pantry4--,a ,,d\gh-,,bo>d4--,,fl\r-,,b94--,,pantry ,,/ores4--,,cupbo>d4--,,refrig]ator ,,arrangem5ts4--,,pantry ,,ut5sils4--,a ,,dry-,,box4--,,soap-,,box4--,,v5tilatio n ,,( ,,kit*54--,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,kit*5 ,,plann+ #ci-ej ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,cell>4--,,fuel ,,dep>tm5ts4--,,furnace ,,conv5i5ces4--,,coal-,,b9s4 --,,cem5t ,,floors4--,,light ,,9 ,,! ,,cell>4--,a ,,cell>-,,closet4 --,,outside ,,cell>-,,door #ea-ec ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,a ,,l[-,,co/ ,,laundry4--,,blue ,,monday4--,,basem5t ,,laundry4--,,l[-,,co/ ,,conv5i5ces4--,,inexp5sive ,,laundry ,,fitt+s4--,,hot ,,& ,,cold ,,wat] ,,arrangem5ts4--,a ,,labor-,,sav+ ,,laundry4--,a ,,place ,,to ,,d ,,fruit-,,cann+ #ed-eh ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,second ,,floor4--,,/airways4--,,! ,,comb9ation ,,/airway4--,,ideal ,,numb] ,,( ,,b$rooms4--,,l>ge ,,closets ,,& ,,pl5ty ,,( ,,!m4--,a ,,l95 ,,closet4--,,plac+ ,,( ,,gas-,,fixtures4--,,s]vant',s ,,room4--,,ba?-,,room4--,,an ,,attic4--,,attic ,,closets4--,,attic ,,rooms #ei-fc ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,plumb+4--,,is ,,plumb+ ,,entirely ,,safe8--,,complet5ess ,,9 ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus4--,,labor-,,sav+ ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus4--,,sew] ,,connections4--,,soil ,,pipe4--,a ,,trap4--,,accid5ts ,,to ,,traps4--,,frequ5t ,,use ,,( ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus ,,desirable ,,= ,,safety4--,,wat]-,,closets4--,,simplici ty ,,9 ,,plumb+4--,,dra9 ,,connections4--,,to ,,keep ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus ,,f ,,freez+4--,,ci/]n ,,wat] ,,supply4--,,grease ,,s9k4--,,flu%+ ,,( ,,dra94--,,ba?-,,tub #fd-gd ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,heat ,,& ,,v5tilation4--,,common ,,heat+ ,,arrangem5ts4--,,pres5t ,,me?ods ,,g5]ally ,,unsatisfactory4--,,ideal ,,conditions4--,,prop] ,,am\nt ,,( ,,moi/ure ,,r>ely ,,atta9$4--,a ,,furnace ,,def9$4--,,me?ods ,,( ,,rea*+ ,,be/ ,,results4--,,supply ,,( ,,prop] ,,am\nt ,,( ,,moi/ure4--,,removal ,,( ,,f\l ,,air4--,,supply+ ,,fre% ,,air ,,) ,,prop] ,,moi/ure ,,f ,,/oves4--,,/eam ,,& ,,hot-,,wat] ,,heat+4--,,direct ,,& ,,indirect ,,radiation4--,,l[-,,co/ ,,heat+ ,,app>atus #ge-hb ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,heat+ ,,devices ,,z ,,we ,,f9d ,,!m4--,,furnace ,,e/imates4--,,comb9ation ,,hot ,,air ,,& ,,hot ,,wat]4--,,di%-,,w>m+ ,,arrangem5ts4--,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,a ,,good ,,heat+ ,,app>atus #hc-he ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,& ,,its ,,beauty4--,,arti/ic ,,surr\nd+s4--,,beauty ,,m ,a ,,matt] ,,( ,,intellig5ce ,,?an ,,money4--,,ve/ibule ,,decorations4--,,beauty ,,9 ,,! ,,reception-,,hall4--,,mantels ,,& ,,grates4--,,fret-,,"w ,,& ,,porti,,res4--,,sp9dle ,,"w4--,,simple ,,=ms ,,( ,,good ,,decoration4--,,wood-,,c>v+4--,,door ,,& ,,w9d[ ,,cas+s4--,a ,,cons]vatory4--,,/a9$ ,,glass4--,a ,,cab9et ,,on ,,! ,,mantel4--,,t9t$ ,,pla/]+4 --,,fresco+4--,,safety ,,9 ,,! ,,selection ,,( ,,colors4--,,an ,,attractive ,,sitt+-,,room4--,,! ,,p>lor4--,a ,,reception-,,room4 --,,p>lor ,,hi/ory4--,,! ,,ideal ,,p>lor4--,,! ,,libr>y4--,a ,,place ,,( ,,quiet ,,& ,,re/4--,,libr>y ,,furni%+s4--,,! ,,d9+-,,room4--,,social ,,relations ,,( ,,! ,,d9+-,,room4 --,,d9+-,,room ,,decorations4--,,cons]vatory ,,& ,,d9+-,,room4 --,a ,,wood ,,ceil+4--,,beauty ,,9 ,,b$rooms4--,,quiet ,,& ,,light #hf-ajj ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,ext]nal ,,& ,,int]nal ,,design4--,,an ,,old ,,topic ,,be=e ,,! ,,p4--,,! ,,ar*itectural ,,/ud5t',s ,,dream4--,a ,,beautiful ,,home ,,! ,,h\sekeep]',s ,,ambition4--,,x ,,co/s ,,no ,,m ,,to ,,h ,a ,,h\se ,,beautiful ,,?an ,,ugly4--,,ar*itectural ,,education4--,,*>les ,,ea/lake',s ,,book4--,,vulg> ,,ar*itectural ,,revivals4--,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,idea4--,,beauty ,a ,,matt] ,,( ,,ref9em5t #aja-aje ,,plans ,,( ,,fifty ,,conv5i5t ,,h\ses4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,evolution ,,( ,a ,,h\se-,,plan4--,,respectable ,,dim5sions ,,= ,a ,,mod]ate ,,price4--,,six ,,plans4--,,co/s ,,f #a1ejj ,,to #b1fjj #aji-aag ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,a ,,small ,,pocket-,,book ,,& ,a ,,l>ge ,,idea4--,,ambition1 ,,doll>s1 ,,& ,a ,,good ,,h\se4--,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,h\sekeep]',s ,,ideas4--,,po9ts ,,ab\t ,,! ,,h\se4--#b1ijj #aah-abe ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,we ,,"k ,,:at ,,we ,,want4--,a ,,conv5i5t ,,plan4--,,meet+ ,,! ,,wants ,,( ,,p ,,:o ,,build #abf-acj ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,two ,,good ,,rooms ,,9 ,,front4--,,! ,,comb9ation ,,pantry4--,,too ,,mu* ,,cell> ,a ,,burd54--#b1ejj #aca-acd ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,sitt+-,,room ,,& ,,p>lor ,,9 ,,front4--,a ,,connect+ ,,ve/ibule4--,a ,,c5tral ,,comb9ation ,,/airway4--,,good ,,rooms ,,9 ,,! ,,attic #ace-ach ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,a ,,compact ,,plan4--,,an ,,isolat$ ,,reception-,,room4--,,comb9ation ,,/airway4--,,description ,,( ,,! ,,floor-,,plan4--,,cell> ,,arrangem5t4--,,d9+-,,room ,,& ,,cons]vatory4--,,ano!r ,,plan #aci-add ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,:at ,,c ,,be ,,done ,,= #a1fjj8--,,! ,,closet ,,9 ,,! ,,hall4--,a ,,small1 ,,conv5i5t ,,kit*54--,,closets ,,9 ,,! ,,b$rooms #ade-aea ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,outgr[?s ,,( ,,"o ,,idea4--,,ev]y?+ ,,c\nts ,,z ,a ,,room4--,,"o ,,*imney4--,,conv5i5ces ,,( ,a ,,cond5s$ ,,h\se4--,,co/ ,,f #a1fjj ,,to #b1hjj #aeb-aef ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,"o-,,/ory ,,plans4--,,description ,,( ,,floor-,,plans4--,,ba?-,,room ,,next ,,to ,,kit*5 ,,flue4--,,kit*51 ,,por*1 ,,& ,,pantry4--,,! ,,ext]ior4--,,enl>gem5ts ,,on ,,?is ,,plan4--,,o!r ,,"o-,,/ory ,,h\ses #aeg-afc ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,side-,,hall ,,plans4--,,plans ,,) ,,b$room ,,on ,,fir/ ,,floor #afd-agj ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,miscellane\s ,,collection4--,,%ort ,,descriptions ,,( ,,elev5 ,,h\se-,,plans4--,,v>y+ ,,co/s4--,,squ>e ,,plans4--,,"o-,,*imney ,,plans4--,,re> ,,& ,,side ,,hall #aga-aha ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,eight ,,plans4--,,ea* ,,suit$ ,,to ,,family ,,requirem5ts4--,,d\ble ,,h\ses4--,,an ,,elaborate ,,floor-,,plan4--,a ,,%+le ,,h\se4--,a ,,brick ,,h\se #ahb-aic ,,practical ,,h\se-,,build+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,practical ,,po9ts4--,,wat]4--,,location ,,( ,,h\se ,,on ,,lot4 --,,dra9+ ,,! ,,cell>4--,,mason ,,"w4--,,f\ndations4--,,walks4 --,,pi]s4--,,flues4--,,ci/]ns4--,,damp ,,c\rse #aig-bjj ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,brick ,,f\ndations4--,,lay+ ,,brick4--,,color$ ,,mort>s4--,,color$ ,,bricks4--,,brick ,,v5e]+4--,,hot-,,air ,,flues4--,,details ,,( ,,brick ,,con/ruction4--,,*imneys ,,& ,,flues4--,,holl[ ,,walls4--,,cell>4--,,a%-,,pits4--,,grat es #bja-bjf ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,/one ,,masonry4--,,cut ,,/one4--,,t]ra ,,cotta4--,,privy ,,vaults4 --,,ci/]ns4--,,filt]s ,,= ,,ci/]ns4--,,brick ,,pavem5ts4--,,cem5t ,,pavem5ts #bjg-bab ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,c>p5t]-,,"w4--,,fram+4--,,size ,,( ,,timb]s4--,,height ,,( ,,/ories4--,,joi/4--,,/ud ,,walls4--,,outside ,,%ea?+4 --,,build+-,,pap]4--,,ro(s4--,,outside ,,f9i%4--,,outside ,,%+le ,,walls4--,,outside ,,cas+s4--,,w9d[s ,,) ,,box ,,frames4--,,h+$ ,,or ,,pivot$ ,,w9d[s4--,,outside ,,%utt]s4 --,,por*es4--,,lattice ,,por*es #bac-bba ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,inside ,,wood-,,"w4--,,floors4--,,s(t ,,& ,,h>d ,,wood ,,floors4 --,,tabulat$ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,inside ,,f9i%4--,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,wood4--,,doors ,,& ,,frames4--,,fly ,,scre5s4--,,inside ,,cas+s4--,,wa9scot+4--,,inside ,,%utt]s4--,,wood-,,"w ,,= ,,plumb+4--,,kit*5 ,,s9k ,,& ,,fitt+s4--,,kit*5 ,,tables4--,,cell>-,,s9k ,,fitt+s4--,,wood-,,"w ,,= ,,ba?-,,tub4--,,wat]-,,closets4--,,wa%-, ,/&s4--,,tank4--,,picture ,,m\ld+4--,,closet ,,fitt+s4--,,broom-,,rack4--,,c$>-,,clos et4 --,,dry-,,box4--,,clock ,,%elf4--,,*9a-,,room ,,fitt+s4--,,pantry ,,fitt+s4--,,/airways #bbb-bce ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,pla/]+4--,,gray ,,f9i%4--,,:ite ,,h>d ,,f9i%4--,,back ,,pla/]+4--,,gas-,,pip+4--,,t9 ,,"w4--,,gutt]s4--,,valleys4 --,,d[n ,,sp\ts4--,,galvaniz$ ,,iron-,,"w4--,,hot-,,air ,,pipes4 --,,?imbles4--,,pa9t+4--,,/a9+4--,,oil ,,f9i%+4--,,int]ior ,,/a9+4--,,floor ,,f9i%4--,,glaz+4--,,plate-,,glass4--,,b evell$ ,,glass4--,,ca!dral ,,glass4--,,h>dw>e #bcf-bdf ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,practical ,,plumb+4--,,wood-,,"w ,,= ,,plumb]4--,,excavat+ ,,= ,,plumb]4--,,wat] ,,di/ribution4--,,outside ,,fixtures4 --,,hydrants4--,,/reet-,,wa%]s4--,,s(t-, ,wat] ,,supply4--,,hot-,,wat] ,,supply4--,,soil ,,pipe4--,,inside ,,fixtures4--,,kit*5 ,,s9k4--,,cell> ,,s9k #bdg-bed ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,plumb+ ,,"w ,,cont9u$4--,,ba?-,,tubs4--,,ba?-,,spr9k l]s4 --,,foot-,,tubs4--,,safes4--,,wat]-,,clo sets4--,,wa%-,,/&s4--,,laundry ,,fitt+s4--,,set ,,tubs4--,,outside ,,dra9s4--,,grease ,,s9ks4--,,nickel ,,fitt+s #bee-bfc ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,co/ ,,( ,a ,,h\se4--,,s*$ules ,,( ,,co/s4--,,:at ,,goes ,,into ,a ,,h\se4--,,s*$ule ,b4--,,co/ ,,details #bfd-bfi ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,,v>y+ ,,build+ ,,values4--,,co/ ,,( ,,appurt5ances4--,,prices ,,( ,,labor ,,& ,,mat]ial ,,on ,,:i* ,,e/imates ,,are ,,bas$4 #bgj-bgd ,,bus9ess ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,build+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,,l[-,,co/ ,,h\ses4--,,me?ods ,,( ,,mak+ ,,contracts4--,,ar*itects' ,,e/imates4--,,build+ ,,by ,,! ,,day4--,,! ,,safe/ ,,plan4--,,gu>d+ ,,aga9/ ,,li5s #bgg-bhg ,,h[ ,,to ,,secure ,a ,,home4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,,mon?ly ,,paym5ts4--,,calculations ,,on ,a ,,long-,,"t ,,plan4--,,pur*ase ,,on ,a ,,r5tal ,,basis4--,,h[ ,,x ,,may ,,be ,,work$ ,,out #bia-bid ,,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,,build+ ,,associations4--,,:y ,,divid5ds ,,are ,,l>ge ,,& ,,int]e/ ,,l[4--,,build+ ,,associations ,,& ,,sav+s ,,banks4--,,association ,,securities4--,,build+-,,association ,,me?ods4--,,diff]5t ,,plans4--,,borr[+ ,,f ,a ,,build+ ,,association4--,a ,,build+-,,association ,,report #bie-caa ,,*apt] ,,xl4 ,,pur*ase ,,( ,a ,,lot4--,,! ,,be/ ,,! ,,*eape/4--,a ,,good ,,lot ,,z ,a ,,basis ,,( ,,security4--,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,value ,,is ,,! ,,r5tal #cab-caf ,,! ,,ar*itect ,,& ,,! ,,h\sewife4 ,,conv5i5t ,,h\ses4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,h\sekeep] ,,& ,,! ,,ar*itect4--,,floor-,,plans ,,z ,,relat$ ,,to ,,good ,,h\sekeep+4--,,labor-,,sav+ ,,devices4--,,economy ,,& ,,good ,,con/ruction4--,,compact ,,h\ses ,,n ,,necess>ily ,,cr[d$4--,,wood-,,"w ,,t ,,is ,,readily ,,clean$4 ,!re is a def9ite relation betwe5 ! "w ( ! h\sekeep] & t ( ! ar*itect4 ,?is is ! text ( ?is book4 ,x is a "p ( ! bus9ess ( ! ar*itect to d :at he c to make h\sekeep+ easy4 ,he c d a great deal4 ,he %\ld und]/& ! pr9ciples & practice ( good h\sekeep+4 ,?is k is some?+ :i* _c be d]iv$ f ! ar*itectural s*ools or (fices2 x mu/ come f a home4 ,! public press ( ! c\ntry has _h a great deal to say ab\t ! arti/ic qualities ( dome/ic ar*itecture1 a great deal to say ab\t h\se decoration1 &1 altoge!r1 has furni%$ mu* valuable matt]4 ,little1 h[ev]1 has be5 said z to ! relation ( ar*itecture to good h\sekeep+4 ,! arti/ic elem5t %\ld n be neglect$4 ,!re mu/ also be consid]$ ! "q ( conv5i5t arrangem5t1 economy & ease1 = ! h\sekeep]4 ,wa%+ di%es is disagreeable "w1 b ! ar*itect c d 8 "p t[>d mak+ x easi]4 ,if we take a conglom]ate mass ( *9a1 knives1 =ks1 & spoons1 pots1 pans1 & kettles1 & br+ !m toge!r on "o small kit*5 table1 :i* has a di%-pan on "o end & a wood5 wat]-bucket at ! back1 ) a sc>city ( ev]y?+ to facilitate ! progress ( ! "w1 we h a condition q diff]5t f t :]e9 !re is a roomy s9k ) a table on ea* side ( x1 & pl5ty ( hot & cold wat] above4 ,an ar*itect may plan a kit*5 s t all ( ^! conv5i5ces are possible4 ,he may plan x s !y are impossible4 ,! floor-plan ( a h\se has a def9ite relation to h\se keep+ requirem5ts1 :i* is n fully appreciat$4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a good floor-plan & a poor "o may make ! diff]5ce ( ?ree or f\r tons ( coal 9 ! heat+ ( a h\se dur+ ! w9t]4 ,x may influ5ce ! keep+ ( a s]vant1 ! wages to be paid1 or may control ! necessity = "o or m ?an "o4 ,x makes m diff]5ce to a man :o lives 9 a h\se t co/s two ?\s& doll>s or ?ree ?\s& doll>s1 z to :e!r he burns sev5 or t5 tons ( coal 9 w>m+ x1 ?an x does to ! man :o lives 9 a t5-?\s&-doll> or twelve-?\s&-doll> h\se z to :e!r he burns f\rte5 or tw5ty tons4 ,! co/ ( fuel is ( m importance to a man ( mod]ate means ?an to "o ( weal?4 ,!n 9 ! matt] ( s]vice3 x is difficult to keep a good s]vant 9 a bad kit*51 or 9 a badly plann$ h\se :]e !re is a va/ am\nt ( sweep+ & o!r "w to be done e day4 ,^? :o plan factories & mills arrange !m ) ref]5ce to ! sav+ ( labor4 ,! idea 9 sav+ labor is to save money4 ,"o c build a bett] h\se = a giv5 sum ( money at ?is "t ?an ev] be=e4 ,! real reason = ?is is to be f\nd outside ! fact t mat]ial & labor are *eap] n[ ?an !y h be5 9 ! pa/4 ,x is because ( ! ?\ght t is put into ! plann+ & arrang+ ( dwell+s4 ,x is ! ?\ght t saves ! money4 ,x adds ext]nal & int]nal attractiv5ess1 conv5i5ce1 labor-sav+ devices1 & arrangem5ts4 ,?\ght helps to make h\sekeep+ easi]4 ,economical h\sekeep+ c be mo/ readily c>ri$ on 9 a compact h\se4 ,to say t a h\se is compact does n necess>ily imply t x is cr[d$1 or t any ( ! conditions ( com=t are neglect$4 ,if we avoid wa/e space1 su* z is frequ5tly assign$ to l>ge halls & passages1 we m]ely take away some?+ t is n ne$$4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t a man & 8 wife g ?r\gh life ) ! hope ( build+ a bett] h\se "s day4 ,!y are economical2 !y live c>efully2 !y live 9 a small h\se2 !y are cr[d$4 ,at la/1 by d9t ( h>d "w & c>eful managem5t1 en\gh money is accumulat$ to build ! new home4 ,?is is ! great ev5t :i* has be5 ?\ght ab\t = s _m ye>s4 ,! idea 9 build+ ?is h\se is inv>iably to get some?+ z diff]5t f ! old h\se z possible4 ,x 0 squ>e2 ! new build+ mu/ be irregul>4 ,x _h no front hall2 ! new h\se mu/ h a l>ge "o4 ,!re 7 no grates 9 any ( ! rooms2 9 ! new h\se !re mu/ be "o 9 ea*4 ,9 ! old build+ ! rooms 7 v small2 9 ! new h\se !y mu/ be v l>ge4 ,!re 0 no por* be=e2 n[ !re mu/ be "o runn+ across ! front & along "o side ( ! h\se4 ,altoge!r1 ! idea ( ! old h\se & t ( ! new are 9 direct opposition to ea* o!r4 ,9 "o in/ance !y 7 cr[d$2 9 ! o!r !y h pl5ty ( room4 ,!re c be no d\bt ab\t ! abundance ( room4 ,! build+ is f9i%$2 !y move into x4 ,almo/ ! fir/ p]son to leave x is ! s]vant :om !y _h 9 ! old h\se4 ,%e sees ! am\nt ( "w :i* %e w h to d4 ,x 0 easy en\gh to sweep ! old h\se1 ) its small1 compact plan4 ,h\sekeep+ 0 relatively a small matt]2 b ) ! habits ( economy1 :i* r5d]$ ! new home possible1 !y w n employ additional help4 ,! "w :i* is left ov] by ! s]vant falls to ! mi/ress4 ,/range z x may appe> "u su* circum/ances1 x takes ! mi/ress a long "t to f9d ! cause ( ! tr\ble4 ,x is ! h\se4 ,x 0 plann$ ) an entire disreg>d = ! "w :i* 0 to be done4 ,x _h n be5 ?\ght (4 ,! idea 0 m]ely to get some?+ :i* 0 diff]5t f ! disagreeable features ( ! old home4 ,!y ?\ght t ev]y?+ w\ld be easi] & pleasant] & m agreeable 9 e way4 ,! only tr\ble ) ! old home 0 t !y 7 too mu* cr[d$4 ,9 ! new !y are n1 b h an impossible am\nt ( "w to d e day4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 :at !y wi% to d & :at is done1 is repres5t$ by fretfulness 9 addition to ! natural we>9ess at ! end ( ! day4 ,:at has ?is to d ) ar*itecture & economical h\se-build+8 ,simply ?is4 ,! h\se :i* is economically plann$ is economical z to money1 c>pets1 sweep+1 & /r5g?4 ,! ar*itect may d a great deal = h\sekeep]s by keep+ ?is ?\ght 9 m9d4 ,to recur to ! idea ( economical h\se-build+ 9 a direct s5se1 x may be borne 9 m9d t economy & good con/ruction g h& 9 h&2 t none ( ! conditions ( p]man5cy are sacrific$ = ! sake ( *eapness4 ,( two h\ses :i* co/ ! same1 "o may be f> m conv5i5t & roomy by an avoidance ( wa/e space & unnecess>y mat]ial4 ,evid5tly "o flue-/ack w co/ less ?an f\r4 ,!re=e1 if a h\se c be con/ruct$ :i* has only "o flue-/ack1 x w co/ less ?an "o :i* has f\r2 b ! dem&s ( ! h\sekeep]1 & ^? :o live 9 ! h\se1 are t ! "o /ack af=d ! conv5i5ces ( f\r4 ,p d n l compromises 9 h\se-build+1 especially :5 !y are build+ a home4 ,! compromises come easi] :5 "o is plann+ prop]ty = r5tal4 ,evid5tly a h\se 9 :i* "o-fif? ( ! floor space is giv5 up to halls is m exp5sive ?an "o :i* conta9s a small] proportion ( su* space4 ,accord+ z "o is able to dim9i% ! am\nt ( passage room1 & yet meet all ( ! conditions ( good & economical h\se-keep+1 he c r$uce ! co/ ( ! h\se z to its build+1 its furni%+1 & ! am\nt ( labor requir$ 9 c>+ = x4 ,?us economy 9 con/ruction1 & conv5i5ce & ease 9 g5]al h\sekeep+ movem5ts1 g h& 9 h&4 ,p>allel illu/rations might be c>ri$ =w>d1 s z to include ea* detail ( ! h\se4 ,! ar*itect may d a great deal = ! h\sekeep] by mak+ 8 m\ld+s & int]ior wood-"w s t !y w n cat* du/1 & c be readily clean$4 ,"s ( our fri5ds1 :o h /udi$ ! arti/ic qualities ( h\se-build+ to ! exclusion ( all o!r consid]ations1 w say t a reg>d = h\sekeep+ requirem5ts1 9 ! matt] ( int]ior decorations & con/ruction1 is plac+ too great a limit ^u _! "w4 ,!y w say t beauty & g5]al arti/ic qualities are n always consonant ) ! means :i* w make easy h\sekeep+1--t !y are limit$ by su* consid]ations4 ,?is ne$ n be s2 x is simply a "q ( +5uity & ?\ghtfulness4 ,"o may be c>eless ( utility1 & make v beautiful ?+s4 ,ano!r may be ?\ghtful & c>eful z to h\sekeep+ requirem5ts1 & design some?+ q z beautiful & attractive z ! =m]4 ,9 ! above /atem5ts w be f\nd ! guid+ pr9ciples :i* affect all ( ! "w ( ?is book4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,h\sekeep+ ,,op]ations4--,,! ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,h\sekeep]4--,,! ,,av]age ,,h\sework ,,( ,a ,,week4--,,! ,,ar*itect',s ,,lesson ,,!refrom4 ,) ! ar*itect a h\se has be5 too (t5 consid]$ z some?+ to be look$ at4 ,no "o is dispos$ to criticise an ar*itect = mak+ h\ses pretty & attractive4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t _m h\ses are no?+ m ?an pretty2 !y are n conv5i5t4 ,!y are n built ) a reg>d to ! requirem5ts ( h\sekeep+4 ,a lady once said to ! writ]1 t an ar*itect w\ld nev] live up to 8 opportunities until he _h associat$ himself ) a h\sekeep]1 :o w\ld be /rong en\gh1 9 h] control ov] him1 to see t ! h\sekeep+ conditions & conv5i5ces 7 kept con/antly 9 m9d4 ,9 ord] fully to rea* ! h\sekeep+ idea1 x w be conv5i5t to consid] 9 detail :at is meant by h\sekeep+4 ,prim>ily1 a h\se is a place 9 :i* to eat & sleep4 ,! pres5t requirem5ts ( com=t & luxury sugge/ t all %\ld n eat & sleep 9 ! same room4 ,orig9ally ?is 0 ! case4 ,! primitive man ne$$ only a hut or a cave1 or ! protection ( a rude %$4 ,lat] on1 he 0 satisfi$ ) a hut ) "o or two rooms4 ,if ! wea!r 0 cold1 ! occupants w\ld huddle ar\nd ! fire1 & eat & sleep )\t reg>d to o!r surr\nd+s4 ,a ba? 9 cold wea!r 0 unnecess>y4 ,dur+ ! summ] ?is 0 reg>d$ m z a matt] ( recreation ?an ( necessity4 ,a neighbor+ /ream s]v$ ! purpose ( m mod]n arrangem5ts4 ,h\sekeep+ op]ations "u su* conditions 7 light inde$4 ,!re are _m homes ( ?is k9d 9 ,am]ica to-day4 ,if we take ! case ( our ,indians1 we f9d t ! squaws h "t = mu* else ?an ! absolute duties ( camp-life & ! c>e ( *ildr54 ,!re is mu* o!r labor :i* falls to _! lot1 h\se-"w be+ reg>d$1 z x is1 insignificant4 ,?is is "o extreme4 ,!re are v>i\s gradations :i* come ) ! in/9cts ( a high] civilization4 ,education1 & o!r conditions :i* g ) x1 increase h\sekeep+ requirem5ts1 & ?us f> h n furni%$ to ! majority comp5sat+ conditions 9 labor-sav+ devices4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ! natural & affect$ requirem5ts ( h\sekeep+ make ! life ( _m a woman "o ( ! extreme/ drudg]y & h>d%ip4 ,h] condition is almo/ t ( a slave2 & ?is at a "t :5 %e is surr\nd$ by _m ( ! elem5ts ( a high] civilization4 ,h] *ildr5 & ^? ar\nd h] frequ5tly live "u ! %ad[ ( h] uncom=table condition4 ,! ,indian's home1 9 ! re/ & peace :i* x af=ds1 is (t5 pref]able4 ,?is condition is br\ght ab\t by ! increas+ requirem5ts ^u ! h\sekeep]1 )\t ! pres5ce ( o!r comp5sat+ conditions4 ,assum+ t an ar*itect may d some?+ to make ! c>e ( a h\se light]1 x rema9s to call att5tion to ! mod]n requirem5ts ( a h\sekeep]1 ) a view ( simplify+ h] "w4 ,let u wat* h] "w = a week2 we w beg9 on ,monday morn+ dur+ ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 & assume t !re is "o s]vant 9 ! h\se to help1--be>+ 9 m9d1 at ! same "t1 t x (t5 happ5s t ! "w :i* is "h outl9$ is done by ! h\sekeep] h]self1 ) possibly only ! help ( a wa%-woman4 ,fir/1 ! h\se is to be w>m$1 ! kit*5 fire to be k9dl$1 ! liv+-rooms to be swept & du/$1 ! wa%+ to be />t$1 ! *ildr5 to be dress$1 breakfa/ to be cook$ & put on ! table1 &1 9 _m cases1 all ( ?is done be=e sev5 o'clock4 ,! s]v+ ( breakfa/ is no small task to ! h\sekeep]4 ,! c(fee is to be p\r$1 food prep>$ = ! *ildr51 & _m o!r ?+s done :i* no man c specify4 ,z soon z breakfa/ is ov] ! m5 are out ( ! h\se1 b n usually be=e mak+ m ?an "o dem& ^u ! "t ( ! h\sekeep]4 ,!n ! di%es are to be wa%$1 & ! *ildr5 made ready & />t$ to s*ool4 ,next1 ! groc]y & but*] supplies mu/ be c>$ =4 ,possibly !y are ord]$ f ! boy :o calls at ! door4 ,9 "s in/ances a trip = ?is purpose is requir$4 ,next1 ! d9+-room mu/ be arrang$1 ! di%es put 9 place1 ! *amb]-"w att5d$ to1 b$s made1 *ildr5's ?+s put away1 sweep+ done1 slops dispos$ (1 fires look$ aft]4 ,"s "t or 9 "s way ! clo!s worn by ! *ildr5 on ,sunday mu/ be especially look$ aft]1 /it*es tak51 a little d>n "h & !re1 & !n put away4 ,dur+ ?is "t !re may be ! dem&s ( "o or m babies to be met4 ,9 ?is !re is no compromise4 ,) ! completion ( o!r "w d9n] "t is approa*+1 =1 ) ! majority1 ?is is a noon meal4 ,! cook+ mu/ be done1 & yet no?+ else mu/ be all[$ to lag4 ,! *ildr5 9 _! confusion are home f s*ool4 ,!n d9n]4 ,e "o is 9 a hurry to get away4 ,! *ildr5 are sure !y are go+ to be late4 ,!re is m "w = !m & ! m51 & !n !y are gone4 ,d9n] di%es are wa%$1 & ! laundry "w cont9ues4 ,! aft]noon is little diff]5t f ! morn+2 !re is a little less ru% & confusion1 b a cont9uance ( regul> "w4 ,be=e supp] ! ev5+ supply ( fuel mu/ be provid$4 ,9 ! mean "t ! *ildr5 are home f s*ool ) _! dem&s4 ,n[ supp] mu/ be 9 m9d4 ,:]e !re are *ildr5 9 ! h\se1 ?is is "o ( ! mo/ try+ times ( ! day4 ,!y are tir$1 hungry1 & sleepy4 ,supp] is ov]4 ,! *ildr5 g to b$ at int]vals dur+ ! ev5+4 ,! m5 h a place by ! fire4 ,! h\sekeep] (t5 feels x incumb5t ^u h] to m5d1 d>n1 or sew1 if no heavi] "w pres5ts itself4 ,tuesday morn+ calls = a repetition ( ! =m] day's "w1 ) iron+ sub/itut$ = wa%+4 ,!re is ! c>ry+-out ( a%es & ! br++-9 ( coal1 & ! same r\t9e dur+ ! day4 ,on ! "p ( ! h\sekeep] regul> sew+-"w is tak5 up z opportunity pres5ts1 & possibly calls are made or receiv$4 ,w$nesday1 ! same4 ,?ursday1 ! s]vant1 if "o is kept1 is out = ! aft]noon4 ,o!r regul> "w mu/ progress4 ,compromises are n ?\ght (4 ,friday is g5]al sweep+-day1 9 :i* ev]y?+ is ?or\ghly gone ov]4 ,! h\sekeep] mu/ f9d "t to g d[n /reet "o or m times dur+ ! week1 = ! purpose ( do+ necess>y %opp+4 ,saturday br+s its scrubb+ & clean+4 ,dur+ ! week mu/ come ! w9d[-wa%+1 clean+ ( silv]1 bak+1 & _m ?+s besides4 ,sunday is (t5 ! h>de/ day ( all2 ! *ildr5 require especial c>e4 ,!re is *ur* 9 ! morn+1 ,sunday s*ool 9 ! aft]noon1 &1 9 _m cases1 *ur* at night4 ,9 ! mean :ile ! *ildr5 are on h& all ! "t4 ,:]e is ! man :o w say t 8 bus9ess life is z exact+ or z h>ass+ z ! "w :i* is "h outl9$8 ,9 ! pages :i* foll[ x is ! int5tion to be> ! h\sekeep] & h] requirem5ts 9 m9d1 & to sugge/ :at is prop]ly due h] 9 ! way ( labor-sav+ devices1 ) a view to facilitate ! manifold op]ations ( h\sekeep+4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,mod]n ,,conv5i5ces4--,a ,,little ,,hi/ory4--,,plans ,,t ,,make ,,extra ,,"w4--,,mod]n ,,conv5i5ces ,,enum]at$4 ,mo/ ( ! conv5i5ces ( h\sekeep+ are mod]n4 ,x is only )9 ! pa/ few ye>s t ! dem&s ( ! h\sekeep] = helps or aids 9 mak+ h] "w easi] 7 ?\ght wor? consid]+4 ,ev5 n[ we occasionally meet m5 :o ?9k t any?+ t 0 good en\gh = _! mo!rs is good en\gh = _! wives4 ,we h 9 m9d a f>m] :o1 dur+ fifte5 ye>s1 pur*as$ ?ree l>ge f>ms4 ,he buri$ a wife = e f>m4 ,_! dea? 0 ! result ( m ?an slavi% "w4 ,! disposition :i* leads 9 ?is direction (t5 cont9ues aft] ! "t :5 economy does n dem& close liv+4 ,! man :o moves we/ to a new c\ntry _c pay = _m ( ! mod]n conv5i5ces4 ,! dem& = !m is n great4 ,su* a man usually builds a h\se ( two or ?ree rooms4 ,! family cook & eat 9 ! kit*52 !y sit !re betwe5 meals4 ,! o!r rooms are = b$s4 ,!re is n a great deal ( h\se-"w to be done 9 a h\se ( ?is k9d4 ,! tr\ble comes :5 ! pione] becomes weal?i]1 & builds a l>ge h\se 9 t[n or on ! f>m4 ,possibly 8 wife or daught]s d ! "w z !y did 9 ! small] h\se4 ,if n1 x is done by "o s]vant4 ,! "w 9 ?is h\se is a great deal h>d]4 ,!re is a great deal m ( x ?an !re 0 9 ! two or ?ree room h\se1 :i* 0 built dur+ _! e>li] life4 ,9 ! =m] h\se1 if !y _h c(fee1 x 0 p\r$ f ! pot 9 :i* x 0 made directly into ! cups :i* 7 on ! table4 ,! meat 0 tak5 f ! skillet 9 :i* x 0 cook$ & put into ! plates ( ^? :o ate x4 ,if !y _h pancakes1 ! wife w\ld sit ) h] back ne> ! /ove1 :]e %e c\ld easily rea* ! griddle to grease x & turn ! cakes :ile %e 0 eat+ h] meal4 ,!re 0 no =mal dess]t4 ,! pie 0 eat5 f ! same plates z ! re/ ( ! food4 ,!re 7 no napk9s2 (t51 no tableclo?4 ,x did n take long to wa% ! di%es aft] a meal ( ?is k9d--!re 7 n _m ( !m4 ,9 f fifte5 to tw5ty-five m9utes aft] ! meal 0 ov]1 ! wife c\ld be se5 sitt+ by ! kit*5 /ove1 sew+ or knitt+4 ,! pans & ! kettles 7 out ( ! way1 & ! kit*5 0 turn$ into a sitt+-room4 ,if ! wea!r 0 cold1 ! door into ! b$room 0 op52 ! :ole h\se 0 w>m & com=table4 ,wood 0 pl5ty & *eap4 ,?is woman's tr\bles began :5 h] husb&1 by d9t ( h>d "w & close economy1 f\nd himself 9 a position to gratify 8 pride 9 8 accumulat$ weal? by build+ a new h\se4 ,x 0 a big :ite h\se ) gre5 bl9ds4 ,! /ories 7 twelve or ?irte5 feet high2 a l>ge hall ran ?r\gh ! c5tre2 ! kit*5 _h no?+ 9 x b doors & w9d[s & a /ove-hole2 !re 0 no s9k1 no conv5i5ces ( any k9d4 ,!y n[ _h a sep>ate d9+ & sitt+ room1 & an awful p>lor ) brussels c>pet on x1 :i* _h r$ & gre5 fl[]s all ov] x4 ,! b$rooms 7 up/airs4 ,!y 7 all l>ge2 wood-"w pa9t$ :ite4 ,9 ! w9t] !y 7 cold4 ,! old habits ( economy :i* made ?is h\se possible _h s fix$ !mselves ^u ! occupants t !y w\ld n build a fire 9 ! b$rooms4 ,!y said t !y didn't ?9k x heal?y to sleep 9 a w>m room4 ,p g to see ,mrs4 ,gre5 9 h] new h\se4 ,!y g ?r\gh & look at x1 & say1 ,oh1 h[ nice4 ,b !y f9d a tir$ woman4 ,%e doesn't sit d[n to sew or knit 9 a few m9utes aft] ! meal is ov]1 z %e us$ to4 ,%e is at "w all ! "t4 ,! *ildr5 mu/ h clo!s to fit ! h\se4 ,!re is m sweep+ & du/+ to d2 !re are m di%es to wa%2 !re is m ( ev]y?+ to d4 ,/ill1 %e came into ! new h\se expect+ to f9d ?+s diff]5t & easi] ?an !y 7 be=e4 ,! mod]n conv5i5ces are ^? arrangem5ts & appliances :i* make x possible = p to live com=tably 9 a l>g] h\se1 )\t s]i\sly increas+ ! c>es :i* !y _h 9 a small] "o4 ,9 ! old h\se ( two or ?ree rooms ! "m w\ld ba! ! *ildr5 once a week 9 a tub by ! kit*5 fire4 ,! tub w\ld be dragg$ out ! door1 :i* 0 n v high above ! gr\nd1 & ! wat] empti$ into ! y>d4 ,9 ! new h\se x is diff]5t4 ,! wat] is c>ri$ f ! pump 9 ! back y>d1 & f ! kit*5 /ove1 up/airs into "o ( ! rooms4 ,!n x has to be c>ri$ d[n aga91 empti$ into ! alley or ! y>d4 ,! liv+ habits are all *ang$ )\t ! comp5sat+ conv5i5ces :i* naturally belong to !m4 ,x is probable t ,mrs4 ,gre5 keeps a girl1 b ev5 !n %e has inf9itely m "w to d ?an ev] belong$ to ! old home4 ,%e _c und]/& x4 ,%e has a new h\se & a girl1 & yet %e is always tir$4 ,mo/ ( ! h\ses 9 ! new] cities & t[ns are1 9 a measure1 simil> to ?is4 ,ne>ly e "o attempts to live up to ! m>k set by ^? :o h all ( ! appliances ( mod]n h\sekeep+4 ,coal & wat] h to be c>ri$ all ov] ! h\se4 ,slops & a%es h to be c>ri$ d[n/airs & out ( ! build+4 ,by attract+ att5tion to ! inconv5i5ces ( h\sekeep+1 we may see & und]/& ! full mean+ ( ! t]m mod]n conv5i5ces4 ,!re is a natural call = di%-wa%+ arrangem5ts to take ! place ( ! squ>e table1 ) ! di%-pan1 ! tea-kettle1 & ! wat]-bucket4 ,9 its place1 we h at "o side ( ! kit*51 a s9k1 ) cocks = hot & cold wat] imm$iately ov] x4 ,! tables & dra9-bo>d are arrang$ to simplify ! op]ations ( di%-wa%+4 ,! wat]1 in/ead ( be+ c>ri$ to ! y>d or alley1 f9ds its way naturally into ! dra9 ?r\gh ! s9k4 ,mod]n laundry arrangem5ts make x unnecess>y to c>ry great tubs ( wat] outside1 or to delay wa%-day on acc\nt ( ! wea!r1 or to br+ 9 ! froz5 clo!s dur+ ! cold w9t] days4 ,! ba?-room1 ) ! tub1 ! wat]-closet1 & ! wa%-/&1 is on ! second floor4 ,?is saves a great deal ( "w4 ,! wat] does n h to be c>ri$ up/airs nor ! slops d[n4 ,!re is hot & cold wat] )9 easy rea* ( all ! rooms4 ,(t5 x happ5s t !re are /ation>y wa%-/&s 9 ! v>i\s b$rooms1 ?\gh ?is is only usual 9 ! mo/ exp5sive h\ses4 ,! am\nt ( "w :i* a furnace saves is n readily e/imat$4 ,x also saves money4 ,o!rs ( ! mod]n conv5i5ces are places to put ?+s2 l>ge closets 9 ! b$rooms1 well suppli$ ) draw]s1 %elves1 & hooks2 a g5]al closet on ! upp] floor1 :i* is accessible f all ( ! rooms1 = b$d+ & o!r articles ( common use2 a v5tilat$ closet 9 ! ba?-room1 9 :i* soil$ l95 may be put )\t contam9at+ ! atmosph]e4 ,!re %\ld be a closet or place on ! second floor = brooms1 du/-pans1 & du/]s4 ,:]e !re is no p>ticul> place = ^! articles1 ! h\sekeep] or ! s]vant has to use "t 9 se>*+1 or 9 go+ up & d[n /airs4 ,any?+ :i* saves labor may be reg>d$ z a mod]n conv5i5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,mod]n ,,ar*itects ,,& ,,! ,,h\sekeep]4--,,misplac$ ,,h\ses4--,,old ,,colonial ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,colonial ,,h\ses4--,,affectation ,,9 ,,design4--,,natural ,,developm5t ,,( ,,am]ican ,,ar*itecture4--,,am]ican ,,ar*itecture ,,& ,,am]ican ,,homes4 ,no "o ev] he>d ( ! matt] ( h\se-plann+ be+ discuss$ 9 a conv5tion ( ar*itects4 ,_! reports w %[ t a great _m subjects are h&l$1 b none s ne> home z ?is4 ,sometimes !re is an ef=t to discov] t ,am]ica has a /yle ( ar*itecture peculi> to itself4 ,:5 su* a ?+ becomes true1 ! ef=t to f9d x w n be necess>y4 ,an ,am]ican ar*itecture w h its gr[? 9 ,am]ican necessities1 & n ?r\gh ! bl9d copy+ ( =eign /yles & ar*itecture4 ,nor to h an ,am]ican /yle does x necess>ily mean t we %\ld ignore =eign prec$5t4 ,x means t we %\ld consid] =eign ar*itecture intellig5tly4 ,ev]y?+ t is good %\ld be adopt$1 no matt] :5ce x comes4 ,^? ( u :o see :at is go+ on 9 ! ar*itectural _w frequ5tly notice ,engli% h\ses design$ & built = ^? :o live 9 ! cold ,nor?we/4 ,9 _m ( !m ! broad1 ,engli% casem5t w9d[s & g5]al /yle ( ar*itecture1 :i* is suit$ to ! gloomy light & ! mild temp]ature ( ,great ,brita91 is plac$ 9 ! bright1 cold climate ( ! ,nor?we/4 ,no?+ c\ld be m out ( place2 x is an affectation1 an exhibition ( bad ta/e & poor s5se4 ,! cold ,nor?we/1 ) its bright1 cle> atmosph]e1 pres5ts its own ar*itectural conditions4 ,! "w ( bl9d copyi/s1 ^? :o h s /rong a reg>d = prec$5t1 is ridicul\s4 ,9 "o ( ! ,ea/]n magaz9es !re 0 an illu/ration %[+ :at purport$ to be an old colonial cottage1 situat$ possibly at ,newport4 ,! ar*itect _h copi$ ! old colonial details1 ! old colonial =ms1 :i* 7 v nice1 b he _h also copi$ an idea :i* _h its outgr[? 9 extreme pov]ty4 ,he _h plac$ a ra9 b>rel at ! side ( ! h\se1 & _h set x up on a ru/ic-look+ b5* or support1 all ( :i* 0 v ridicul\s4 ,?is _h be5 done 9 an old colonial h\se1 & _h its orig9 9 old colonial pov]ty4 ,n[1 ?is ar*itect1 9 8 respect = t :i* 0 pa/1 copi$ ! faults1 ! inconv5i5ces1 & arrangem5ts :i* belong$ to ^? e>li] times4 ,a c\rse ( ?is k9d1 c>ri$ out to its fulle/ ext5t1 w\ld lead u to b>b>ism4 ,9 ! same magaz9e 0 ano!r h\se :i* 0 design$ ) great respect = prec$5t4 ,9 x 0 a front door :i* 0 divid$ ab\t half-way up1 s t ! l[] "p might be %ut & ! upp] "p op5$4 ,h\ses h be5 se5 :]e some?+ ( ?is k9d 0 reasonable1 :]e x _h its advantages4 ,!re are _m places 9 ?is c\ntry :]e a door ( ?is k9d is almo/ a necessity2 b x isn't on ! sea%ore4 ,if "o has a h\se 9 ! c\ntry1 or 9 a small c\ntry t[n1 :]e ! horses & pigs1 geese1 *ick5s1 & o!r animals1 are all[$ to roam ab\t 9 ! front y>ds1 a door ( ?is k9d has its uses4 ,9 ! summ] "t ! upp] "p c be ?r[n back & ! l[] "p clos$1 s t ! mo/ a horse c d 9 ! way ( gett+ into ! h\se is to /ick 8 head ov] ! top rail & look 94 ,9 ! c\ntry mills doors ( ?is k9d h a v prop] & apt "n2 !y are call$ pig-doors4 ,!y keep ! pigs (f ! mill floor1 &1 at ! same "t1 all[ ! light & air to come f above4 ,b !re is no necessity = a pig-door at ,newport or ,long ,bran*1 or o!r seaside resort4 ,_! use is a silly affectation4 ,!re is no beauty 9 !m4 ,!re is no conv5i5ce :i* w\ld lead to _! use4 ,x is p]=mances su* z ! above :i* ret>d ! natural developm5t ( ,am]ican ar*itecture4 ,am]ican ar*itecture w be simply c>ry+ out1 9 an ar*itectural way1 ! requirem5ts ( ! ,am]ican p 9 _! build+s4 ,f _! homes ! m>* ( progress w be ?r\gh ! kit*5s1 pantries1 & d9+-rooms4 ,x w unite ) ! p>lor & sitt+-room ideas1 :i* h be5 m cle>ly work$ out4 ,! ext]ior w be =m$ 9 a natural way by ! requirem5ts ( ! int]ior1 & by ! v>iations ( climate1 & x w be decorat$ 9 a rational1 arti/ic mann]4 ,we w n hamp] ! int]ior by ! adoption ( doors & w9d[s :i* possibly belong$ 9 a ca!dral ( ! twelf? or ?irte5? c5tury1 or ! ri*] details ( ! lat] "t1 :i* _h _! special uses & =ms z ! developm5t ( ! necessity & requirem5ts ( t p>ticul> p]iod4 ,! doors & w9d[s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury %\ld h _! own special =ms & positions4 ,!y %\ld be decorat$ ) a true reg>d = prec$5t s long z prec$5t does n influ5ce ! arrangem5ts suit$ to mod]n times4 ,! ,am]ican /yle ( ar*itecture w n be develop$ ?r\gh gr& public build+s & enorm\s ca!drals1 or exp5sive dwell+s4 ,9 ?is c\ntry e "o is imbu$ ) ! idea ( hav+ a home ( 8 own1 & he desires to h x nice1 conv5i5t1 & attractive4 ,! av]age home is 9 a small1 inexp5sive h\se4 ,! prop] con/ruction ( ^! build+s1 _! arrangem5t ) ref]5ce to _! h\sekeep+ requirem5ts1 _! ta/eful ext]nal designs consid]$ 9 a rational way1 w develop ,am]ican ar*itecture4 ,x w be ! expression ( ,am]ican wants 9 a natural1 arti/ic _s4 ,a ,,j\rney ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,h\se4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,j\rney ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,h\se4--,,por*4--,,ve/ibule4--,,hall4-- ,,long ,,halls ,,& ,,squ>e ,,halls4--,,! ,,hall ,,t ,,is ,a ,,room4--,,reception ,,hall4--,,p>lor4--,,sitt+-,,room4--,,d9 +-,,room4 ,9 ?is section ( ! book we w make a j\rney ?r\gh ! h\se1 /opp+ at v>i\s po9ts ( int]e/ long en\gh to give g5]al consid]ation to ! details4 ,f ! pr9ciples h]e9 d]iv$1 ! plans subsequ5tly giv5 are con/ruct$4 ,e h\se %\ld h a front por*4 ,x %\ld be wide1--if possible1 eight feet1 t "o may sit at a di/ance f ! rail+ & af=d a space = o!rs to pass beh9d4 ,! por* is a protection to ! front "p ( ! h\se f ! sun1 w9d1 &1 p>tially1 f ! cold4 ,no?+ c be pleasant] ?an to sit on a %ady por* dur+ ! w>m "p ( ! day or 9 ! ev5+4 ,x is an auxili>y to ! ve/ibule4 ,! front door %\ld be wide--?ree or ?ree & a half feet4 ,d\ble doors look v nice f ! outside1 b !y are n z conv5i5t or z easily h&l$ z ! s+le door4 ,! door-bell %\ld be at ! "r-h& side4 ,! ?re%old %\ld be elevat$ f ?ree to six & a half in*es above ! por* floor4 ,,ve/ibule4 ,9 ! plans t are giv51 v>i\s arrangem5ts ( ve/ibules are %[n4 ,9 a few in/ances1 direct entrances into ! hall & reception-room are indicat$1 b su* an entrance is n z desirable z :]e !re is a ve/ibule4 ,! arrangem5t ( a ve/ibule = hat-rack1 umbrella-/&1 & o!r conv5i5ces1 *anges ! hall into an available room4 ,take1 = in/ance1 plan ,no4 #af1 page #aec4 ,at ! "r1 z "o ent]s1 is a little closet2 9 x are hooks4 ,at "o side is an umbrella-/&2 on ! floor is a place = ov]%oes4 ,"h "o may arrange himself be=e go+ into ! hall or reception-room4 ,?is is altoge!r bett] ?an hav+ to pass across to "o side ( ! hall or room1 9 ord] to f9d a place to deposit ov]%oes1 wraps1 umbrellas1 etc4 ,x saves "w4 ,if ?is ve/ibule h a h>d-wood floor1 & on x is plac$ a rug1 "o may /& !re & dive/ himself ( t :i* he w\ld n c>ry into ! h\se1 & g into ! room 9 good ord]1 leav+ ! muddy ov]%oes1 & ! possible dampness ( 8 umbrella & ov]coat1 beh9d him4 ,?is arrangem5t saves "w2 mud is n c>ri$ into ! room4 ,x is a v simple matt] to c>e = ! ve/ibule2 ! rug on ! floor may be tak5 to ! outside1 & ! deposit ( mud & du/ readily remov$4 ,x is well to h a small mirror at ! side1 or 9 ! rack4 ,! plan m5tion$ is m]ely sugge/ive1 & does n apply to all h\ses4 ,by look+ ?r\gh ! plans giv51 v>i\s arrangem5ts may be se54 ,9 "s ( !m !re is no ve/ibule4 ,n all h\sekeep]s want ! same arrangem5t4 ,aga91 o!rs d n c>e to pay = a ve/ibule4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 ! hall is too small to admit ( "o4 ,z said be=e1 a good ve/ibule *anges ! hall into a room4 ,x makes a reception-hall tol]able1 because x is n necess>y to deposit !re _m ?+s :i* %\ld h ano!r location4 ,a ve/ibule does n prop]ly s]ve its purpose :]e !re is no room or arrangem5t = deposit+ wraps1 etc4 ,! closet "p ( ! ve/ibule1 %[n 9 ! cut1 c1 p]haps1 be omitt$1 & hooks arrang$ ar\nd ! wall sides4 ,a curta9 c\ld be hung across ! space occupi$ by ! closet door3 h[ev]1 all ^! details are matt]s ( ta/e & disposition4 ,9 ! op5+ betwe5 ! hall & ve/ibule may be plac$ tape/ry curta9s2 ^! are suffici5t /orm protectors f ! outside door1 especially if ! hall regi/] is plac$ ne> x4 ,no "o :o has n tri$ x1 c realize ! am\nt ( protection f ! wea!r t is af=d$ by a heavy curta94 ,x is n necess>y or desirable t a door be plac$ 9 ! op5+ f ! ve/ibule to ! hall4 ,,hall4 ,?is "p ( ! h\se may be hall1 reception-hall1 or room4 ,x is a hall or passage frequ5tly1 & n provid$ ) a ve/ibule4 ,x may be a hall f its %ape2 x may be a room = ! same reason4 ,x may be ( no use z a room1 if ! /airway is improp]ly plac$4 ,! h\se arrang$ ) a long1 n>r[ hall1 hav+ ! /airway at ! side1 is ess5tially wa/eful ( room4 ,su* hall space is usually d>k & gloomy z well z cr[d$4 ,a hall eight feet wide & tw5ty feet long1 conta9s "o hundr$ & sixty squ>e feet ( floor-surface1 ?\gh only a limit$ portion ( x is available1 on acc\nt ( ! %ape ( ! space :i* rema9s aft] ! /airway is plac$4 ,a hall twelve by ?irte5 feet conta9s "o hundr$ & fifty-six squ>e feet1 b a great deal m available room4 ,! space n occupi$ by ! /airway is 9 bett] %ape4 ,a hall ( ?is %ape p>takes ( ! nature ( a room1 & may be us$ z su*4 ,9 ! plan ref]r$ to a w9d[-seat is %[n4 ,?is w9d[-seat may be us$ z a seat 9 w>m wea!r1 &1 if ! front is 9 ! prop] direction1 z a cons]vatory 9 ! w9t]4 ,!re are _m su* arrangem5ts z ?is %[n 9 ! book4 ,! hall1 9 mo/ ( ! plans1 is a key to ! :ole arrangem5t4 ,x has be5 a common1 objectionable practice dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s to build h\ses ( mod]ate co/1 s t ! hall is along "o side ) its entrance to ! front1 & ! p>lor next to x2 back ( ! p>lor is ! sitt+-room1 & ! hall op5s into ! d9+-room2 back ( ! d9+-room is ! kit*51 & s on to ! extreme re> ) summ]-kit*51 pantry1 etc4 ,?is makes a long h\se ) only "o room 9 front on ! fir/ floor1 & "o *amb] & alcove fac+ ! /reet on ! second4 ,?us ! hall s]ves only z a passage-way4 ,! liv+-room has no front view4 ,to obviate ?is1 ! halls 9 ! plans1 t are consid]$ ) mo/ favor1 are arrang$ to be us$ z rooms1 & ! ve/ibules are built s t su* a ?+ is possible4 ,if ! hall is to be us$ z a ve/ibule1 ! hat-rack & o!r arrangem5ts = hang+ wraps1 & ! umbrella-/&1 etc41 are plac$ z ne> ! front z possible4 ,:]e ?is is n done !re mu/ necess>ily be a track f ! front to ! back1 z a m>k ( travel4 ,! /airway may />t at "o side1 & %\ld lead t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! h\se4 ,! ne>] x c be />t$ to ! re> ( ! hall1 ! bett]2 ?is gives m room 9 front4 ,sometimes ! /airway is />t$ imm$iately 9 ! re> ( ! reception-hall1 or f an alcove space at "o side2 ^! are good arrangem5ts1 dep5d+1 ( c\rse1 ^u o!r conditions4 ,^u "o side1 or 9 ! re>1 %\ld be plac$ a grate4 ,no?+ c be pleasant] :5 com+ 9 f a disagreeable outside ?an an op5-grate fire2 ?is ne$s no argum5t4 ,"u ! /airway1 or 9 "s conv5i5t nook1 x is well to h a lavatory4 ,! hall %\ld be arrang$ z a c5tre f :i* to pass to ! p>lor1 liv+-room1 & d9+-room4 ,x is important to consid] 9 ?is connection t ! hall1 & ! /airway 9 x1 %\ld be plac$ s t ! /air-l&+ above is 9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se4 ,?us we h 9 ! c5tre ( ! build+ only a small hall z a />t+-po9t2 h5ce less wa/e room4 ,:5 ! /airway l&s ne> ! front wall on ! second floor1 a passage mu/ be provid$ to ! re> ( ! h\se4 ,:]e ! l&+ is 9 ! c5tre1 we h only to pass into rooms )\t extra /eps ?r\gh long halls4 ,= example1 see plan ,no4 #a1 page #aaj4 ,n e "o c>es to use ! front hall z a reception-room4 ,!re is c]ta9ly no objection to nam+ & us+ x o!rwise4 ,,reception-,,hall1 ,,p>lor1 ,,& ,,sitt+-,,room4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s !re is m ( a disposition to live all ov] ! h\se2 "o reason = ?is is ! improv$ heat+ arrangem5ts4 ,! t]ms sitt+-room1 p>lor1 reception-room1 mean less 9 a di/9ctive s5se1 & are us$ l>gely = ! purpose ( classification4 ,we w consid] ! p>lor & ! sitt+-room 9 ! same connection4 ,! p>lor has lo/ ! awful /iffness ( times pa/4 ,x is n[ a reception-room4 ,9 a h\se :]e !re is a reception-hall 9 front1 & ! sitt+-room to "o side1 bo? hav+ a di/9ct front view1 z is %[n 9 _m ( ! plans1 a lady may occupy ! front room & h h] *ildr5 & "w ar\nd h]1 if desirable4 ,a call] may be receiv$ 9 ! reception-room2 ^!1 h[ev]1 are matt]s ( individual pref]5ce4 ,! ve/ibule may be plann$ s t x w h an entrance to bo? reception-room & sitt+-room4 ,9 "s in/ances ! arrangem5t ( sitt+-room & reception-hall are rev]s$4 ,! hall is ! sitt+-room1 & ! o!r room ! p>lor4 ,if doors are us$ betwe5 hall & sitt+-room1 !y %\ld be slid+2 ! effect is bett]1 & ! sep>ation ( ! rooms z complete z necess>y4 ,su* doors %\ld always be hung f ! top4 ,! sitt+-room %\ld c]ta9ly be z good a room z any 9 ! h\se2 z well locat$4 ,!re %\ld be a closet on ! fir/ floor1 &1 if possible1 x %\ld communicate ) ?is room2 if n t1 ) ! d9+-room or reception-hall next to x4 ,c]ta9ly ! sitt+-room %\ld always be provid$ ) a grate4 ,a w9d[-seat 9 ! hall1 p>lor1 reception1 or o!r room1 is really a great addition 9 m ways ?an "o4 ,x is n only attractive1 b x adds to ! availability ( a room4 ,:]e !re is space = ?ree or f\r p to sit1 9 case ( necessity1 x is l seat+ t numb] ( p outside ( ! room4 ,!y are com=table1 & ! room has t mu* add$ to its seat+ capacity4 ,a bay w9d[ arrang$ 9 ?is way is pleasant inde$4 ,wall space is ( great importance 9 ^! rooms4 ,9 plann+ a h\se1 ! piano1 pictures1 l\nges1 book-%elves1 book-cases1 bric--brac1 etc41 %\ld be 9 m9d4 ,9 a h\se ( mod]ate size1 x is1 ord9>ily1 n necess>y t ! reception-hall1 p>lor1 or sitt+-room %\ld be wid] ?an ?irte5 & a half feet1 & f fifte5 to eighte5 feet 9 l5g?4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is n wide en\gh = ^? :o ent]ta9 l>gely4 ,a room ?irte5 & a half feet1 ) mu* furniture 9 x1 is n wide en\gh = danc+4 ,a h\se arrang$ ) a reception-hall1 p>lor1 sitt+-room1 d9+-room1 etc41 is us$ :5 x is desir$ to ent]ta9 a great deal2 b = ^? :o are liv+ economically1 ^: means are limit$1 "o ( ^! rooms may be omitt$4 ,9 _m ( ! mod]n h\ses ! numb] ( rooms on ! fir/ floor has be5 decreas$ & _! size increas$4 ,(t5times !re is a reception-hall1 a small libr>y1 & a d9+-room only1 z belong+ to ! liv+ "p ( ! h\se on ! fir/ floor4 ,an arrangem5t ( ?is k9d belongs m p>ticul>ly to a h\se :i* is occupi$ dur+ only a "p ( ! ye>2 say z summ] cottages 9 ! ,nor?1 & w9t] h\ses 9 ! ,s\?4 ,mod]n ways ( liv+ make a l>g] numb] ( rooms less desirable4 ,:5 x is possible1 x is pleasant to h a little room (f f ! libr>y z a /udy1 or = a doctor z a reception-room or (fice4 ,:]e "o does "w at home1 x is advantage\s to h a private room t insures isolation1 be x nev] s small4 ,(t5 ! libr>y1 s call$ 9 an ord9>y s5se1 is n a libr>y at all4 ,!re may be a few books 9 x1 b x is us$ z a sitt+-room or passage1 & has no di/9ct necessity or use4 ,additional rooms require m "w ?an ! same am\nt ( floor space 9 a less numb] ( rooms4 ,! addition ( rooms multiplies corn]s1 w9d[s1 doors1 etc41 & adds m co/ & labor1 ?an does m]e additional space4 ,! availability ( a room is n always dep5d5t ^u its size4 ,a good deal dep5ds ^u ! arrangem5t ( wall space4 ,a room may be l>ge & /ill h no room = ! furniture t is to g into x4 ,x may be small & /ill h room en\gh4 ,,d9+-,,room4 ,a good wid? = a d9+-room is ?irte5 feet4 ,:]e "o c af=d x1 x %\ld be f fifte5 to tw5ty feet 9 l5g?2 l>g] ?an ?is is a luxury4 ,its location1 = ! mo/ "p1 is back ( ! sitt+-room or hall4 ,a grate 9 ! d9+-room is n altoge!r desirable2 x is always at somebody's back4 ,aga91 a grate does n heat a room uni=mly4 ,x is v common to provide slid+-doors to connect ! d9+-room ) o!r p>ts ( ! h\se1 ev5 ) ! p>lor2 b !y are n ! be/ k9d to use4 ,s\nd & ! odors ( ! food are m readily communicat$ ?r\gh slid+-doors ?an o!rs4 ,= t reason !y %\ld n be us$4 ,a l>ge1 s+le door1 ?ree & a half feet wide1 is pref]able1 ?\gh x does n always give ! desir$ op5+4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x is easi] to provide wall space :5 plann+ a d9+-room ?an 9 any ( ! o!r rooms 9 ! h\se4 ,a l>ge numb] ( w9d[s is n necess>y1 & "o ( !m c be plac$ high1 & ?us af=d space = a sidebo>d4 ,?is sidebo>d %\ld be plac$ at ! end ( ! room ne>e/ ! entrance to ! kit*5 & *9a-closet1 :]e su* is us$4 ,! sidebo>d has v>i\s uses1 accord+ to ! plans ( ! h\sekeep]4 ,9 "s cases x is m]ely a place to display da9ty *9a & o!r table furniture4 ,bel[ are places = l95 & table cutl]y4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! sidebo>d is us$ z a buffet2 z a place f :i* to s]ve ! food4 ,sometimes ?is is c>ri$ to ! extreme/ degree1 & includes ! c>v+1 & ! s]v+ ( t :i* goes ) ! meats4 ,x 0 v common 9 times pa/ to use a slide connect+ kit*5 & d9+-room4 ,a passage is mu* bett]4 ,! slide is worse ?an a door 9 communicat+ s\nds & odors4 ,9 "s ( ! plans 9 ?is book1 doors are %[n op5+ directly into ! kit*54 ,?is is done "u prote/2 ! own] ( ! h\se w\ld h x s4 ,! sidebo>d may be built z a "p ( ! h\se4 ,?is is well en\gh :5 ! "q ( co/ is n important4 ,f ! d9+-room we w pass to ! kit*54 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,kit*5s4--,,! ,,kit*5 ,a ,,work%op4--,,"w ,,to ,,be ,,done ,,9 ,a ,,kit*54--,a ,,plan4--,,fitt+s4--,,di%-,,wa%+ ,,conv5i5ces4--,,s9k ,,& ,,tables4--,,*9a-,,closet4--,,pantry4--, ,comb9ation ,,pantry4--,,pantry ,,fitt+s4--,,"w ,,9 ,a ,,pantry4--,a ,,d\gh-,,bo>d4--,,fl\r-,,b94--,,pantry ,,/ores4--,,cupbo>d4--,,refrig]ator ,,arrangem5ts4--,,pantry ,,ut5sils4--,a ,,dry-,,box4--,,soap-,,box4--,,v5tilatio n ,,( ,,kit*54--,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,kit*5 ,,plann+4 ,! kit*5 exi/$ 9 its /ate ( greate/ cleanl9ess & ord] a good _m ye>s ago 9 ,new ,engl&1 :]e x 0 l>gely us$ z a sitt+ & d9+ room4 ,z p became m prosp]\s1 !y mov$ out ( ! kit*52 !y _h a sep>ate sitt+-room4 ,x 0 !n t ! kit*5 began to decl9e4 ,aft] ?is x 0 (t5 lit]ally z well z figuratively sep>at$ f ! liv+ "p ( ! h\se4 ,! public has n suff]$ ?r\gh lack ( in=mation on cook]y & g5]al h\sekeep+ topics4 ,little has be5 said1 h[ev]1 ab\t ! h\se itself1 ) reg>d to its arrangem5ts = facilitat+ ! manifold op]ations ( h\sekeep+4 ,! subject is a broad "o1 & may be treat$ ) "s respect to detail4 ,z ! he>t ( ! h\se1 ! kit*5 may be giv5 s]i\s consid]ation4 ,9 ! mod]n h\se ! kit*5 is m]ely ! place :]e ! food is prep>$ = ! table4 ,! controll+ idea & its arrangem5ts %\ld be to af=d facilities = do+ ! "w ) z little labor z possible4 ,! kit*5 is ! work%op ( ! h\se4 ,x %\ld be arrang$ & plann$ accord+ to ! same g5]al pr9ciples z any o!r work%op4 ,a manufactur] arranges 8 f\ndry1 8 mill1 or 8 pr9t+-h\se1 ) ref]5ce to ! sav+ ( labor1 = ! purpose ( sav+ money4 ,:5 we save labor 9 a kit*51 we save ! en]gy ( ! h\sekeep]1 &1 possibly1 money4 ,an article on ?is subject 0 probably nev] writt5 t did n pret5d to describe ! model kit*54 ,x is safe to say t no su* kit*5 0 reg>d$ z model by all read]s4 ,a model kit*5 is some?+ :i* is out ( reason4 ,no two h\sekeep]s h ! same requirem5ts4 ,h\sekeep+ practice v>ies greatly4 ,aga91 ! kit*5 t c be built to "o floor-plan _c be built to ano!r4 ,9 describ+ a kit*51 x is 9 m9d to set =? c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples = ! b5efit ( ^? int]e/$4 ,!re is little diff]5ce betwe5 ! requirem5ts ( a kit*5 = a h\se ( mod]ate co/ & an exp5sive h\se4 ,"w ( ! same g5]al "* is done 9 e kit*54 ,! conv5i5ces are m a matt] ( ?\ght ?an ( money4 ,elaborate details add mu* to ! co/1 b little to ! conv5i5ce4 ,!re is little or no diff]5ce betwe5 ! co/ ( a well-plann$ kit*5 & "o :i* is poorly plann$4 ,to /ate ! case broadly1 a kit*5 %\ld be arrang$ solely ) ref]5ce to ! "w :i* is to be done 9 x3 ! cook+1 di%-wa%+1 ! c>e ( ! kit*5 itself1 & possibly ! laundry "w4 ,?is latt] "w %\ld be remov$ f ! kit*5--9 any ev5t1 ! wa%+ %\ld be done else:]e--:5 x is at all possible4 ,! /eam & odor f ! wa%+1 :i* n only fill ! kit*5 b p]meate ! h\se1 are en\gh to r5d] :atev] food !re is 9 ! kit*5 unfit = use4 ,x is altoge!r possible to arrange 9 ! cell> ( any h\se t is be+ built1 & 9 _m t are already built1 at a trifl+ co/1 a laundry 9 :i* ! wa%+ & iron+ may be com=tably done4 ,( c\rse ?is does n contemplate set tubs2 b set tubs are n f\nd 9 h\ses :]e ! wa%+ & iron+ are done 9 ! kit*51 & x is possible to d ?is "w bo? well & easily )\t _! use4 ,!re is little or no objection to do+ ! iron+ 9 a well-v5tilat$ kit*54 ,x is clean "w1 & :ile do+ x ! s]vant may att5d to any cook+ :i* is necess>y1 & see t ! o!r "w ( ! h\se moves =w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,! kit*5 ! plan ( :i* is "h giv5 7,fig4 #b7 has be5 9 use = ?ree ye>s "u ! v>y+ conditions ( "o or two s]vants1 & at times none at all4 ,^! are ! conditions "u :i* mo/ h\sekeep]s op]ate4 ,!re h be5 no em]g5cies 9 :i* ! kit*5 & pantries h n prov5 !mselves ample1 & none 9 :i* ! h\sekeep] ?\ght t !y 7 too l>ge & complicat$4 ,x is z necess>y 9 h\ses :]e ! means = ma9t5ance is simply mod]ate1 t a kit*5 %\ld n be too l>ge z t x %\ld af=d ample facilities = accompli%+ any "w :i* may be done4 ,! kit*5 itself is ?irte5 & "o-half by f\rte5 & "o-half feet4 ,9 x are plac$ ! range1 tables1 s9k1 dra9-bo>d1 etc41 & ! kit*5 safe4 ,! room has be5 f\nd l>ge en\gh = ! "w :i* is to be done !re1 & n s l>ge t ! tables1 range1 & safe are s f> ap>t t "t & /r5g? are wa/$ mov+ f "o to ano!r4 ,! kit*5 has "o l>ge w9d[ 9 x1 :i* is ?ree feet f ! floor4 ,?is p]mits ! plac+ ( a table1 iron+-bo>d1 or *air "u x1 & ?us gives additional wall space4 ,!re are two w9d[s 9 ! pantry1 & a draught is secur$ ?r\gh !m1 ! kit*5 w9d[1 & ! transom ov] ! door4 ,! door is glaz$4 ,! mo/ disagreeable "w ( a kit*51 & t :i* takes mu* "t1 is ! di%-wa%+4 ,x is possible to make ?is "w light] & pleasant] ?an is usual4 ,! necess>y conditions are pl5ty ( wat]1 hot & cold1 a place :]e ! di%es w dra9 !mselves1 an abundance ( table room = !m bo? be=e & aft] wa%+4 ,9 ! kit*5 giv5 ! s9k is plac$ next ! kit*5 flue4 ,?is gives a place = ! pipe duct next ! w>m bricks1 :i* prev5t freez+ ev5 9 sev]e cold wea!r4 ,dur+ ! ?ree ye>s 9 :i* ?is kit*5 has be5 9 use !y h nev] froz51 ev5 :5 ! temp]ature 0 tw5ty degrees bel[ z]o4 ,! exact con/ruction ( ?is kit*5 pipe-duct & o!r kit*5 wood-"w is giv5 else:]e4 ,! range1 :i* is usually next ! flue1 is1 9 ?is in/ance1 plac$ at "s di/ance f x4 ,!re is no reason :y ?is %\ld n be done1 z x has be5 9 _m in/ances1 ) no disagreeable results4 ,! s9k is n enclos$1 b /&s ^u legs4 ,enclos$ s9ks are places :i* _c be kept clean ev5 ) ! utmo/ vigilance4 ,! bru%es1 scrub-rags1 & buckets1 :i* are usually kept !re1 are 9 ?is kit*5 provid$ a place else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,at ! left ( ! s9k is a table2 at ! "r1 a dra9-bo>d1 :i* is incl9$ t[>d ! s9k1 & provid$ ) grooves4 ,at ! "r ( ?is is a sw+-table on ! same level4 ,! soil$ di%es are plac$ on ! table at ! left1 wa%$ 9 ! s9k1 :i* is provid$ ) cocks = hot & cold wat]1 dra9$ on ! dra9-bo>d1 &1 :5 wip$1 plac$ on ! table at ! "r4 ,a glance at ! plan w %[ t !y are !n beside ! door :i* leads to ! *9a-closet1 & may be quickly plac$ :]e !y belong4 ,x may be well to say a few words ab\t ! *9a-closet4 ,! %elves are plac$ 9 a passage :i* leads f ! kit*5 to ! d9+-room1 & are sep>at$ f ! passage by doors4 ,?is passage is light$ by a w9d[1 & has two doors lead+ into x--"o f ! d9+-room1 & "o f ! kit*5 7,fig4 #b74 ,^! doors are swung on d\ble sw++ h+es1 s t !y may be op5$ by m]ely pu%+ aga9/ !m1 & w !n sw+ back noiselessly into a clos$ position4 ,"o may pass ?r\gh doors ( ?is k9d ) a tray full ( di%es )\t t\*+ !m ) ! h&4 ,?is arrangem5t disp5ses ) ! necessity = a slide1 & also does away ) ! noises & odors f ! kit*51 :i* s readily f9d _! way to ! re/ ( ! h\se :]e a slide is us$4 ,h[ev]1 if a slide is really desir$1 x c be plac$ ov] ei!r ! table at ! left ( ! s9k or ov] ! sw+-table at ! "r1 & be conv5i5t f bo? kit*5 & d9+-room4 ,! *9a-pantry c\ld be readily enl>g$ into a butl]'s pantry1 by ext5d+ x across ! end ( ! d9+-room1 & plac+ ! end w9d[ ( ?is room on "o side1 ?us br++ two w9d[s on ! same wall4 ,!re is a movable %elf "u "o ( ! p]man5t %elves 9 ?is *9a-closet1 :i* c be drawn out 9 ord] to place a tray ( di%es on x :ile !y are be+ put away1 & :i* c be pu%$ out ( ! way :5 n 9 use4 ,?is %elf is also ( s]vice z a place ^u :i* to arrange ! diff]5t di%es ne$$ = ! sev]al c\rses ( a meal1 & 9 ?is way facilitates ! table s]vice4 ,9 ,fig4 #d1 ! comb9ation idea is c>ri$ out 9 pantry & *9a-closet4 ,! pantry-cupbo>d projects into ! room 9 a way to =m a p>tition betwe5 ! pantry & *9a-closet1 &1 at ! same "t1 admits ( a passage betwe5 ! kit*5 & d9+-room ) a sep>ation ( two doors4 ,fig4 #e indicates an approv$ =m ( con/ruction ( *9a-closet & pantry1 su* z may be us$ 9 mo/ ( ! pantries & *9a-rooms :i* are 9 ?is book4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,! "w :i* takes ! mo/ "t is ! prep>ation ( food1 & e well-plann$ kit*5 has its arrangem5ts = light5+ ?is burd54 ,! fir/ consid]ation is ! location ( ! ut5sils1 & ! table & s9k :]e ! meats & vegetables are prep>$4 ,all %\ld be ne> en\gh to ! range s t !re are no unnecess>y /eps to be tak54 ,! numb] t are tak5 :]e ! s9k is 9 "o corn] ( ! kit*51 ! table 9 ano!r1 & ! range remov$ f bo?1 is innum]able4 ,9 ?is kit*5 ! table prop] & ! s9k are toge!r1 & !y are b a /ep f ! range4 ,!re is a small sw+-table atta*$ to ! wall at "o side ( ! range4 ,?is provides a place = ut5sils1 su* z spoons1 & =ks1 & di%es1 su* z ^? hold+ pancake batt]1 :i* are 9 con/ant use dur+ cook+1 & :i* _c be held 9 ! h& :ile ! cook+ is 9 progress4 ,?is alone saves _m /eps4 ,! dra9-bo>d is a good place = dra9+ vegetables1 & to place ut5sils :i* are us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( food4 ,above ! s9k are hooks1 etc41 ^u :i* to keep small ut5sils4 ,9 localities :]e !re is mu* du/ com+ 9 f ! outside ^! ut5sils mu/ be kept else:]e1 beh9d clos$ doors4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,= ! prep>ation ( bread1 cake1 pa/ries1 etc41 ! pantry is provid$4 ,9 x are places = ev]y?+ :i* c be us$ = su* prep>ation4 ,"o c g out ( ! heat & noise ( ! kit*5 into a little room :i* holds ev]y?+ t c possibly be ne$$1 & !re prep>e ^? articles ( food :i* take ! mo/ "t & c>eful att5tion4 ,9 ,fig4 #b are two w9d[s2 "u "o is ! d\gh-bo>d4 ,?is is a table fa/5$ to ! wall at a conv5i5t height = m\ld+ & g5]al "w ( ?is "*4 ,on "o end is a piece ( m>ble1 twelve in*es wide by sixte5 long1 :i* is us$ = m\ld+ purposes4 ,! advantages ( su* a piece ( m>ble are num]\s4 ,x is z easily clean$ z a di% & requires no sc\r+1 &1 z d\gh does n readily /ick to x1 m\ld+ c be done )\t ! tr\ble :i* comes f ! use ( a bo>d4 ,?is piece ( m>ble is n fa/5$ to ! d\gh-bo>d1 z is sometimes done4 ,:]e x is set into ! bo>d !re w always be creases 9 :i* d\gh w lodge1 & x c only be clean$ ) ! greate/ tr\ble4 ,:]e x is free1 x c be rais$ f ! bo>d occasionally1 & ev]y?+ ?or\ghly clean$4 ,at ! "r ( ! bo>d is ! fl\r-b91 :i* conta9s places = v>i\s k9ds ( fl\r & meal4 ,next to x is ! refrig]ator4 ,ov] ! refrig]ator is a w9d[ :i* op5s on ! por*1 & ?r\gh :i* ! ice may be plac$ )\t ! iceman go+ ?r\gh ! kit*5 ) 8 wet feet & dripp+ load4 ,at ! left ( ! d\gh-bo>d are %elves = keep+ /ores4 ,! l[] %elves are enclos$ by doors & provid$ ) a lock1 s t extra /ores may be plac$ !re = safe keep+1 :]e ?is is f\nd desirable4 ,! upp] %elves are expos$4 ,on !m are kept sug>1 tea1 c(fee1 bak+-p[d]1 & k9dr$ /ores1 :i* are 9 e-day use1 & c be rea*$ easi] if !re are no doors to be op5$ & clos$4 ,!y %\ld be kept 9 air-tight cans1 :i* prev5t _! exposure to du/1 insects1 & air4 ,back ( ! door op5+ into ! kit*5 are hooks = ! ut5sils :i* m prop]ly belong 9 ! pantry ?an ! kit*54 ,_m h\sekeep]s pref] to keep ! refrig]ator 9 ! cell>1 on acc\nt ( ! wa/e 9 ! ice4 ,?is wa/e1 to ! m9d ( ! writ]1 is a small matt]4 ,! "t sp5t by ei!r h\sekeep] or s]vant 9 go+ into ! cell> c\ld mu* bett] be occupi$ 9 do+ some?+ else :i* w\ld save m ?an does keep+ ! refrig]ator bel[4 ,!n1 aga91 :5 x is kept 9 ! pantry x c readily be provid$ ) a z9c dra9 to ! outside1 :i* saves "s little labor4 ,9 ! cell> su* a dra9 w\ld only be possible :]e s& c\ld be rea*$4 ,a refrig]ator %\ld nev]1 "u any circum/ances1 be dra9$ into ! sew]1 z is sometimes done4 ,! ut5sils :i* prop]ly belong to ! kit*5 are kept 9 an old-fa%ion$ kit*5 safe1 r ?an 9 a closet op5+ out f ! kit*54 ,a safe is m readily clean$ ?an a closet1 & ! p]=at$ metal doors r5d] ! upp] "p ( x an excell5t place = /or+ cold food1 :i* x is n desirable to keep 9 ! refrig]ator4 ,!n if1 z may happ5 9 any kit*5 :i* is left to ! c>e ( s]vants1 v]m9 %\ld take possession1 ! safe c be mov$ f ! room1 & tr\ble f ?is s\rce avoid$4 ,! entrance to ! cell> is ne> ! table1 z m>k$4 ,at ! head ( ! cell> are plac$ brooms1 mops1 & du/-pans1 & above ^!1 well away f ! head :5 go+ bel[1 is a %elf ^u :i* two buckets c be plac$4 ,back ( ! range is a small wood5 box1 ?irty in*es long by tw5ty-two in*es wide & twelve in*es deep1 :i* is provid$ ) a door & %elves4 ,^! %elves1 z well z ! top & bottom1 h holes bor$ ?r\gh !m 9 ord] to all[ ! passage ( hot air4 ,9 ?is box scrubb+-rags & bru%es dry at once1 & nev] h a bad odor4 ,! box is ( ! same wood z ! o!r kit*5 f9i%1 & looks z if x 7 a "p ( x4 ,a soap-box1 ) con/ruction simil> to ! above1 may be provid$4 ,x %\ld h a t9-pipe connection ) flue or o!r v5tilat+ app>atus4 ,x w dry ! soap & r5d] its use less wa/eful4 ,! v5tilation ( ! kit*5 is an important matt]4 ,! ideal kit*5 has no rooms ov] x1 & has v5tilators 9 ! ceil+4 ,b ?is is n possible 9 mo/ h\ses1 & a sub/itute mu/ be provid$4 ,an inv]t$ %eet-iron hopp] plac$ ov] ! range1 ) an op5+ into ei!r ! flue or ! outside ( ! h\se1 w c>ry out ! odors f cook+4 ,an op5+ into ! pipe-duct :i* holds ! plumb+ pipes w keep !m f freez+ 9 cold wea!r at ! same "t t x helps v5tilate4 ,an important consid]ation 9 a kit*5 is to build x s t x w n readily accumulate dirt1 & c be easily clean$4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( "t is sp5t 9 e well-kept h\se 9 clean+ ! kit*54 ,! floor %\ld be ( oak1 maple1 or o!r h>d wood1 oil$1 wax$1 or f9i%$ ) regul> floor-f9i%+4 ,! cas+s & doors are1 ( c\rse1 kept 9 bett] condition1 ) less labor1 :5 ( h>d wood4 ,:]e ?is is n atta9able1 popl>1 or o!r simil> wood1 f9i%$ ) a v>ni% :i* w /& w>m wat]1 w prove a v good sub/itute4 ,! tables %\ld be ei!r ( oak1 :i* requires little scrubb+1 or popl>1 :i* is s easily scrubb$ t x is always :ite en\gh to delight ! he>t ( ! mo/ p>ticul> h\sekeep]4 ,a kit*5 f9i%$ 9 ?is way is mu* less c>e ?an :5 ! floor is ( s(t wood1 & ! f9i% a s(t wood pa9t$4 ,all kit*5s 9 ?is book are plann$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples "h set =?4 ,!y d n pret5d to be exactly l ?is "o1 b ! same g5]al pr9ciple runs ?r\gh all4 ,!re are v good reasons :y wa9scot+ %\ld n be us$ 9 a kit*51 & no comp5sat+ advantages4 ,! bead-jo9ts & extra wood-"w !re( make labor 9 ! impossible task ( keep+ x clean4 ,! less wood-"w !re is 9 a kit*51 ! bett]4 ,!re are v>i\s k9d ( wat]-pro( propriet>y pla/] f9i%es :i* may be us$ 9 f9i%+ ! walls & ceil+ ( a kit*54 ,:]e !y are n us$1 a :ite skim coat %\ld be put on & pa9t$ aft] ab\t a ye>'s use4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,cell>4--,,fuel ,,dep>tm5ts4--,,furnace ,,conv5i5ces4--,,coal-,,b9s4--,,cem5t ,,floors4--,,light ,,9 ,,! ,,cell>4--,a ,,cell>-,,closet4--,,outside ,,cell>-,,door4 ,! cell> 0 orig9ally a hole 9 ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! mod]n h\se1 t is arrang$ to please ! h\se-keep]1 x is well light$2 provid$ ) a smoo? cem5t floor t is easily clean$2 is n op5 z "o room1 b has ap>tm5ts--"o = a laundry1 ano!r = fuel & furnace1 & /ill o!rs = fruits & g5]al /ores4 ,9 ! matt] ( fuel !re is no reason :y ! entire w9t] supply %\ld n be 9 ! basem5t4 ,x is c]ta9ly a great deal worse to g outside ( ! h\se 9 w9t] "t f a hot1 /eam+ kit*51 ?an x is to g into ! basem5t = ! fuel4 ,h[ev]1 !re is "s objection to /or+ wood 9 ! cell>1 = ! reason t x br+s bugs1 ants1 & v]m9 into ! h\se4 ,coal-b9s %\ld be con/ruct$ ) hopp] bottoms1--) bottom & sides slant+ f level ( outside grade-l9e to cell> floor1--:]e ! location w admit ( x4 ,:5 !re is n a cell> "u all ( ! h\se1 x is g5]ally possible to arrange ! coal-b9 "u ! "p )\t cell>1 & slant+ d[n to ! "p s us$4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 plan ,no4 #aa1 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,!re ! coal is put ?r\gh ! w9d[s into ! b9s1 & slides d[n to ! op5+ 9 cell>4 ,= ea* %ovelful ( coal tak5 away f ! l[] op5+1 ano!r w take its place4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ) cru%$ coke1 or an?racite coal1 or nut & egg sizes ( o!r fuel4 ,! lump sizes require a l>g] op5+ ?an ! usual tw5ty-in*-squ>e op5+ = ! coal m5tion$4 ,^! b9s %\ld be l9$ on ! bottom pref]ably ) bricks laid 9 cem5t4 ,if ?is is n us$1 two-in* oak bo>ds w d4 ,p>titions ( ! same mat]ial %\ld be us$ to sep>ate ! v>i\s b9s4 ,) an arrangem5t ( ?is k9d a l>ge am\nt ( /orage capacity c be provid$4 ,"u "s circum/ances ?is plan _c be adopt$4 ,9 su* a case ! ord9>y b9s may be us$4 ,z h\ses are n[ plann$1 ! fir/ ti] ( joi/s are plac$ f tw5ty to tw5ty-f\r in*es above ! grade-l9e4 ,:]e x is n possible to secure t height = cell>-w9d[s1 areas may be built ( brick or /one1 & additional light provid$4 ,light is ! enemy ( disord] & uncleanl9ess2 :]e !re is exposure !re w be less disord]4 ,x is n necess>y to h ! cell> "u ! :ole h\se1 = reasons z m5tion$1 & on acc\nt ( ! co/4 ,x is sometimes important t sav+s ( all k9ds be made4 ,! furnace may be set 9 a pit ) its face direct$ to ! cell>4 ,x is be/ t ! op5+ f ! hopp]$ coal-b9s1 above describ$1 be close to ! furnace4 ,if x c be op5$ at ! side1 s t "o c /& 9 ! pit & ?r[ coal 9 ! fire-box1 x is bett] ?an any o!r arrangem5t4 ,! ord9>y cell> is sev5 feet 9 ! cle>1 &1 = ?is reason1 x is ne>ly always necess>y to pit ! furnace4 ,?is is done by digg+ an extra dep?1 & l9+ ! area & op5+ ) brick4 ,ne> en\gh to ! furnace to be w>m1 %\ld be a closet = cann$ fruit1 made ( floor+-bo>ds1 if n ( m sub/antial mat]ial1 & provid$ ) a door & lock4 ,x %\ld be %elv$ ) bo>d ab\t sev5 in*es ap>t4 ,o!r w9t] /ores1 l potatoes1 cabbage1 etc41 %\ld be kept 9 a d>k cell> ) an e>? floor4 ,x is ! op9ion ( f>m]s & o!rs t vegetables keep be/ :5 ly+ next ! gr\nd4 ,! cell>-involv+ arrangem5ts "h outl9$ may be se5 9 plan ,no4 #aa4 ,! outside door1 :i* leads into ! cell>1 %\ld bolt on ! inside1 & ! upp] cell> door on ! outside4 ,!re %\ld be doors provid$ to sep>ate ! diff]5t rooms4 ,:]e co/ is an item1 !y may be made ( two ?icknesses ( floor+4 ,cell>-w9d[s %\ld be hung on h+es1 & provid$ ) bolt fa/5+s2 cat*es are n secure4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,a ,,l[-,,co/ ,,laundry4--,,blue ,,monday4--,,basem5t ,,laundry4--,,l[-,,co/ ,,conv5i5ces4--,,inexp5sive ,,laundry ,,fitt+s4--,,hot ,,& ,,cold ,,wat] ,,arrangem5ts4--,a ,,labor-,,sav+ ,,laundry4--,a ,,place ,,to ,,d ,,fruit-,,cann+4 ,! t]m ,blue ,monday probably orig9at$ on acc\nt ( its be+ g5]al wa%-day1 & a day 9 :i* ev]ybody ab\t ! h\se und]took to d an impossible am\nt ( "w ) limit$ res\rces4 ,mo/ ( ! wa%+s 9 ?is c\ntry are done 9 ! kit*54 ,! wa%-boil] is on ! /ove1 & ! s]vant or mi/ress ( ! h\se1 or bo?1 attempt to wa% & d _! cook+ )\t s]i\sly di/urb+ ! r\t9e ( meals4 ,!re is a fuss9ess ab\t ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to t day1 :i* creates an atmosph]e ( blu5ess :i* is prov]bial4 ,! /eamy1 cr[d$ kit*51 ! almo/ inevitable wetness or slipp]9ess1 ! great physical ex]tion requir$1 ! c>ry+ ( wat]1 ! lift+ ( tubs1 are all uncom=table1 & ! "w is done at a great disadvantage4 ,9 an exp5sive h\se1 :]e !re is pl5ty ( money1 ,monday is n s blue4 ,immunity is pur*as$4 ,possibly ! clo!s are s5t f ! h\se to be wa%$ 9 somebody else's kit*52 maybe to be worn by "s "o else be=e !y are return$1 & (t5 to be injur$ or de/roy$ by ! /rong wa%+-mixtures & soaps1 :i* are made to save rubb+4 ,?is k9d ( immunity is exp5sive4 ,x is too exp5sive = ! l>ge majority ( p4 ,x is annoy+ to all alike4 ,laundry "w w sometime be done at a co/ :i* w admit ( p ( mod]ate means hav+ ?is "w done at a public laundry4 ,at pres5t1 ! g5]al laundry "w ( an ord9>y h\sehold _c be done 9 ?is way1 on acc\nt ( ! exp5se4 ,! g5]al public laundry1 :]e arrangem5ts are made to d ! entire family wa%+ at a l[ co/1 is a complete solution ( ! ,blue-,monday problem2 b until ! laundry is an accompli%$ fact1 su* "w w be done at home1 & a family laundry mu/ be consid]$ 9 h\se-build+4 ,x w\ld be a v easy matt] to arrange a laundry :i* w\ld meet all ! desir$ conditions1 if we 7 to op]ate indep5d5t ( co/1 b ! l>ge majority ( p are n indep5d5t 9 ?is way4 ,if x 7 n a matt] ( co/1 we w\ld h an indep5d5t room = ! laundry "w1 ) porcela9 tubs1 & hot & cold wat] runn+ into all ( !m2 we c\ld h a /eam-dri]1 & _m o!r ?+s1 :i* x is useless to m5tion "h4 ,x is ! laundry ( ! mod]ate-co/ h\se :i* int]e/s ! l>ge/ numb] ( p4 ,we mu/ h a place to d laundry "w :i* is a compromise betwe5 ! foggy kit*5 & ! laundry ) porcela9 tubs4 ,z h\ses are n[ built1 ! fir/ floor is usually f two & a half to ?ree feet above ! grade4 ,?is af=ds abundant opportunity ( gett+ a well-light$ basem5t4 ,if ! basem5t is d>k1 put m w9d[s 9 x1 & :itewa% ! walls & ceil+s4 ,cem5t ! floor4 ,put 9 a slop s9k1 & give x a trapp$ connection ) ! vault or sew]4 ,provide a pump ov] ?is s9k to connect ) ! ci/]n4 ,if ! city wat] is s(t1 ?is w be us$ & no pump w be requir$4 ,!n a laundry /ove is to be provid$4 ,?us we h ev]y?+ ready = use )\t mu* labor1 & c]ta9ly at a v l[ co/4 ,! basem5t %\ld be light "u any circum/ances4 ,! floor %\ld be cem5t$1 ! joi/s %\ld be :itewa%$1 s t ! only additions necess>y to make ! laundry "w easy are a laundry /ove1 a place to ?r[ wa/e wat]1 & a supply ( hot & cold wat]4 ,if "o does n c>e to heat ! wat] 9 ! ord9>y boil]1 !re is a v simple device = heat+ wat] :i* may be plac$ 9 any laundry4 ,an op5 tank1 :i* w hold two or ?ree b>rels ( wat]1 c be plac$ ov] ! /ove & next to ! joi/4 ,f x a connection c be made ) ! laundry /ove by means ( lead & iron pipe4 ,?is pipe %\ld />t f ! bottom ( ! tank & connect ) an iron pipe :i* ent]s ! /ove1 & passes ar\nd ! inside ( ! fire-pot1 !n to ! outside & connects ) ano!r lead pipe1 :i* empties into ! tank aga9 on a level above ! fir/ op5+4 ,?us ! cold wat] w\ld come f ! bottom ( ! tank1 ?r\gh ! /ove :]e x w\ld be heat$1 !nce upw>d & into ! tank4 ,?is w\ld give a hot-wat] circulat+ connection1 & 9 ?is way provide hot wat] = use 9 ! laundry4 ,?is arrangem5t w\ld require a l[-co/ =ce-pump to =ce ! wat] to ! tank4 ,!re are _m k9ds ( ^! pumps1 :i* are sub/antial & c be secur$ at a l[ co/4 ,! pipe f ! /ove c\ld be suppli$ ) a compression cock f :i* ! wat] c\ld be drawn into ! tubs4 ,! bett] way w\ld be to h an indep5d5t tank connection4 ,lead pipe 0 m5tion$ z be+ ! pipe to use 9 mak+ ! connection ) ! iron pipe 9 ! laundry /ove4 ,galvaniz$ iron pipe w\ld answ] e purpose & co/ a little less4 ,:]e set tubs are n us$1 ! wat] c\ld be readily di/ribut$ by means ( a hose pipe4 ,if ! above arrangem5t is too exp5sive1 ! /ove only c be us$ = heat+ wat]4 ,set tubs might be us$ in/ead ( ! ord9>y wood5 ones :i* 7 contemplat$1 & w\ld save a good deal ( labor1 b ! co/ is some?+ :i* all _c af=d4 ,! arrangem5t describ$ "h c be rea*$ by ne>ly e "o ( mod]ate means4 ,x provides a place to ?r[ slop wat]1 & br+s hot & cold wat] close at h&4 ,x isolates ! wa%+ f ! cook+1 & ! smell ( wa%+ f ! :ole h\se4 ,x is v diff]5t f ! conditions 9 mo/ h\ses1 :]e ! wat] has to be c>ri$ f ! backy>d into ! h\se1 lift$ to ! /ove1 p\r$ into ! tubs1 & aft]w>d c>ri$ out1 a bucket at a "t1 & empti$ ov] ! back f5ce1 if ! tub is n dragg$ out & empti$ into ! y>d4 ,x is well 9 build+ a new h\se to h an outside cell>-way to facilitate ! use ( ! laundry bel[4 ,9 su* a case ! clo!s c be c>ri$ into ! y>d )\t be+ tak5 ?r\gh ! kit*54 ,!re w be times :5 ! wea!r w n p]mit tak+ ! clo!s outdoors4 ,9 v cold wea!r x %\ld nev] be done4 ,x is murd]\s = a woman to h to c>ry clo!s f a hot1 /eamy laundry or kit*5 at eighty degrees to ! cold1 dry air ( ! outside4 ,!re is no woman s /rong t %e c /& ?is4 ,all ! clo!s c be readily dri$ 9 ! basem5t4 ,"h is pres5t$ ano!r argum5t 9 favor ( ! laundry bel[4 ,! wa%+ c always be done at ! appo9t$ "t 9 spite ( ! wea!r4 ,:5 "o goes into a l>ge attic he is apt to say1 ,:at a spl5did place to dry clo!s4 ,p :o dry clo!s 9 ! attic usually d ! wa%+ 9 ! kit*54 ,a basem5t laundry is a cool place 9 summ] & a w>m "o 9 w9t]4 ,!re is no bett] place = iron+ 9 w>m wea!r1 = ev5 ) a fire ! basem5t is always cool4 ,nor c !re be a bett] place = cann+ fruit4 ,! conv5i5ces ( pl5ty ( wat]1 a fire1 & yet a cool place = do+ ?is extremely labori\s "w1 w be readily appreciat$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,second ,,floor4--,,/airways4--,,! ,,comb9ation ,,/airway4--,,ideal ,,numb] ,,( ,,b$rooms4--,,l>ge ,,closets ,,& ,,pl5ty ,,( ,,!m4--,a ,,l95-,,closet4--,,plac+ ,,( ,,gas-,,fixtures4--,,s]vant',s ,,room4--,,ba?-,,room4--,,an ,,attic4--,,attic ,,closets4--,,attic ,,rooms4 ,9 _m h\ses a comb9ation /airway is us$4 ,by ?is is meant "o 9 :i* ! front & re> /airways run toge!r 9 a common l&+4 ,9 ?is case1 !re %\ld be doors sep>at+ ! re> f ! front /airway1 "o at ! beg9n+1 & "o at ! end ( ! re> "p4 ,! comb9ation /airway is a compromise4 ,(t5times1 h[ev]1 "o c secure o!r ?+s :i* are desirable by its use4 ,!re are o!r compromises m objectionable ?an ! comb9ation /airway4 ,a /airway ( ?is k9d is n us$ z ! mo/ desirable ?+1 b z ! lea/ objectionable ( o!r compromises2 = in/ance1 if "o c secure1 = a giv5 co/1 an additional room or two by us+ a comb9ation /airway1 ! room is frequ5tly pref]able4 ,no "o c d\bt b t a front /airway1 entirely sep>at$ f ! "o 9 ! re>1 is ! be/ ?+ to h2 h[ev]1 x is easy to und]/& t a comb9ation /airway may be us$ = reasons above /at$4 ,9 "s ( ! plans a /airway is %[n1 />t+ f a /air-hall 9 ! re> ( reception-hall or room4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 a comb9ation is n necess>y4 ,"o c come f ! kit*5 & g up/airs )\t be+ obs]v$ f ! o!r p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,aga91 comb9ations are sometimes us$ s t !y apply to ! s]vant's room z a cont9u\s /airway1 & z a comb9ation to ! o!r p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,?is is true ( sev]al plans giv54 ,x is almo/ sup]flu\s to say t a /airway %\ld be easy1 /ill x is kn[n t n all are s4 ,! "o 9 ! front "p ( ! build+ %\ld always be made )\t w9d]s2 t 9 ! re>1 ! same way if possible4 ,l&+s are pref]able1 & make a /aircase beautiful4 ,/airways may be consid]$ f a hygi5ic /&po9t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n necess>y 9 ?is connection4 ,:]e !re is only "o /airway1 x is n uncommon to h x />t f ! d9+-room1 &1 if "o /ops to ?9k ab\t x1 ?is is n a bad arrangem5t4 ,! d9+-room is c5trally locat$1 & ! /airway may be us$ by ! s]vants :5 ?is room is n o!rwise 9 use4 ,c]ta9ly x is less objectionable ?an plac+ x 9 a hall ?r\gh :i* all h to pass1 or :]e x is necess>y to pass ?r\gh o!r rooms to rea* ! second floor f ! re>4 ,a comb9ation /airway1 or "o t />ts up f ! d9+-room1 is less objectionable 9 a h\se :]e !re is a ba?-room on ! second floor ?an x w\ld o!rwise be4 ,:]e ! ba?-room is s plac$1 x is n necess>y t ! slops be c>ri$ d[n or ! wat] c>ri$ up /airs2 &1 9 o!r respects1 x is less necess>y to use ! /airway 9 a disagreeable way4 ,! re> /airway %\ld be connect$ ) ! front "p ( ! h\se by means ( a hall on ! second floor4 ,x is g5]ally f\nd desirable to h a girl's room ne> ! re> /airway1 & to cut (f t "p ( ! h\se f ! front by means ( a door4 ,!re %\ld be means ( light+1 artificial & o!rwise1 at ! beg9n+ & l&+s ( all /airways4 ,9 a "y & gr[+ family1 five is ! ideal numb] ( rooms = ! second floor4 ,?is numb] may be increas$ or decreas$ accord+ to ! size & developm5t ( ! family4 ,:]e !re are five rooms x af=ds1 fir/1 a family room 9 front1 built ov] ! p>lor or sitt+-room2 next to t is a room 9 front = ! v "y *ildr51 & aft]w>ds = ! girls2 !n ! room 9 ! re> ( ! family room may be = ! boys2 ! f\r? room = gue/s1 & ! fif? = ! s]vant4 ,! gue/-room view is to ! side & ! re>4 ,!re are cases :]e "o mu/ accommodate a l>ge numb] ( p ) a small] numb] ( rooms1 &1 aga91 a l>g] numb] ( rooms is ?\ght indisp5sable4 ,9 connection ) ! size ( b$rooms1 we may say :at 0 said be=e1--t _! availability does n dep5d entirely ^u _! size4 ,a room may be l>ge & /ill n conta9 a place = a b$ or o!r furniture4 ,x may be mod]ately small & yet h space = all4 ,! m we ?9k ab\t ! arrangem5t ( h\ses1 ! l>g] appe> ! numb] ( indisp5sables4 ,x us$ to be ?\ght unnecess>y to h a closet 9 e b$room2 "o 0 c]ta9ly en\gh 9 ! family room4 ,n[ x is almo/ a necessity t !re be two closets 9 ! family room--"o = ! lady1 & a small] "o = ! g5tleman4 ,!re %\ld c]ta9ly be "o closet 9 e b$room1 &1 9 addition to t1 "o :i* op5s f ! hall1 to be us$ = b$-l95 & g5]al b$room supplies4 ,a suitable place = brooms & du/-pans is ! attic /airway :5 a special closet is n provid$4 ,9 light+ b$rooms !re %\ld be at lea/ "o w9d[ = ea* outside exposure4 ,:]e ! size w admit1 !re %\ld be two w9d[s plac$ s t ! dress+-case c be set betwe5 !m1 ei!r 9 ! corn] or o!rwise4 ,mo/ b$rooms are light$ artificially by bracket lights in/ead ( ! c5tre light4 ,!re %\ld be "o bracket on ea* side ( ! dress+-case2 if n1 a p5d5t light imm$iately ov] x4 ,c5tre connections = gas-fixture are usually provid$1 b 9 practice _m h\ses are n suppli$ ) ! fixture4 ,grates on ! second floor make "w3 c>ry+ ( fuel & a%es is always disagreeable 9 ! extreme/ degree4 ,! plac+ ( a%-pits 9 ! cell> may make x unnecess>y to c>ry ! a%es1 b /ill grates make "w4 ,at ! same "t x is v pleasant to h a grate 9 ! b$room2 !y are ! be/ means ( v5tilation kn[n4 ,! s]vant's room is n usually v l>ge1 seldom l>ge en\gh4 ,x %\ld be provid$ ) a closet1 ! same z o!r rooms4 ,! w9d[ 9 t room %\ld be set high en\gh f ! floor s z to admit ( ! plac+ ( a trunk "u x1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! light or 9 o!r ways appe>+ uncom=table4 ,! ba?-room & g5]al plumb+ "w are consid]$ 9 detail 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,x is suffici5t to say t !re %\ld be z little wood-"w z possible 9 ! ba?-room4 ,wat]-pro( pla/]+ %\ld be us$1 & :5 ?is becomes soil$ x c be wa%$ & pa9t$4 ,!re is no?+ a h\sekeep] appreciates m ?an a good attic & an easy /airway lead+ to x4 ,(t5 attics are n pla/]$2 !y %\ld always be floor$ at ! same "t ! h\se is built4 ,:]e x is n possible to make divisions by pla/]+1 & o!r sub/antial mat]ial1 light wood5 p>titions w s]ve ! purpose ( provid+ means ( classify+ t :i* is /or$ 9 ! attic1 & prev5t x f be+ 9 a cont9ual /ate ( disord]4 ,! rooms may be fitt$ ) %elves1 closets1 etc4 ,:]e x is possible s to d1 ! attic room %\ld be pla/]$4 ,x makes ! rooms bel[ appreciably cool] 9 summ]4 ,9 mo/ ( ! plans h]e9 illu/rat$1 ! ro( is high en\gh to provide space = good rooms1 ) ceil+s z high & z squ>e z ^? ( ! rooms bel[4 ,x is *eap] to provide rooms 9 ?is way ?an to spread ov] m gr\nd2 & !re is c]ta9ly no valid objection to _! use by ! boys ( ! family4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,plumb+4--,,is ,,plumb+ ,,entirely ,,safe8--,,complet5ess ,,9 ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus4--,,labor-,,sav+ ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus4--,,sew] ,,connections4--,,soil ,,pipe4--,a ,,trap4--,,accid5ts ,,to ,,traps4--,,frequ5t ,,use ,,( ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus ,,desirable ,,= ,,safety4--,,wat]-,,closets4--,,simplici ty ,,9 ,,plumb+4--,,dra9 ,,connections4--,,to ,,keep ,,plumb+ ,,app>atus ,,f ,,freez+4--,,ci/]n ,,wat] ,,supply4--,,grease ,,s9k4--,,flu%+ ,,( ,,dra94--,,ba?-,,tub4 ,9 consid]+ ! plumb+ app>atus ( a h\se1 ! "q is (t5 ask$1 ,are ^! ?+s safe8 ,d !y n endang] ! heal? ( ! occupants ( ! h\se8 ,! answ] is1 ,! plumb+ app>atus may be entirely safe4 ,t x is n always s1 we all "k4 ,we he> ( _m cases ( typhoid fev]1 diph!ria1 sc>let fev]1 & o!r diseases1 :i* are traceable to1 or aggravat$ by1 defective plumb+4 ,9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry s mu* tr\ble has be5 caus$ by poor plumb+1 t ! p1 z a class1 h come to be suspici\s ( all4 ,! reason = ?is is ! ef=t to *eap5 ! "w4 ,suff]+ f bad "w has l$ to safety4 ,9 l>g] cities ?is "w is "u ! control ( ! city gov]nm5t4 ,x may be said t x is possible s to arrange ! fixtures & app>atus app]ta9+ to plumb+ t x is entirely safe4 ,! "q naturally foll[s1 ,h[ is ?is done8 ,x may be said t good "w is n a great deal m exp5sive ?an poor "w4 ,aga91 good "w is n always a "q ( money4 ,x is "o ( k or incl9ation on ! "p ( ! plumb]4 ,"o 9 mod]ate circum/ances1 :o builds a h\se to co/ f tw5ty-five hundr$ to f\r ?\s& doll>s1 %\ld h well wat] or city wat]1 & hot & cold ci/]n wat] 9 ! s9k 9 ! kit*54 ,!re %\ld be at lea/ a slop-hopp] 9 ! laundry4 ,9 ! ba?-room a wat]-closet1 a tub1 & g5]ally a wa%-/&4 ,?is latt] feature is n absolutely necess>y1 z w be expla9$ lat]4 ,9 ! attic !re %\ld be a tank to hold ! ci/]n wat]1 :i* is connect$ ) ! fixtures us+ s(t wat] bel[4 ,a =ce-pump1 or wat]-motor1 may be locat$ 9 ! kit*5 or basem5t to lift ! wat] to tank4 ,9 m elaborate h\ses a complet] plumb+ app>atus may be us$4 ,!re may be an especial s9k 9 ! *9a-closet4 ,!re may be wa%-/&s 9 ! v>i\s *amb]s1 & "o on ! fir/ floor4 ,!re may be1 also1 an additional wat]-closet on ! fir/ floor1 or 9 ! cell>1 locat$ :]e x is accessible to ! memb]s ( ! family4 ,!re are _m ways ( exp5d+ money 9 plumb+ fixtures2 b1 ) ^? fir/ m5tion$1 "o may be entirely com=table1 & d]ive all ( ! h\sekeep+ b5efits :i* may be expect$ f su* conv5i5ces4 ,unless ! h\se be l>ge1 an increase 9 ! numb] ( fixtures w\ld increase ! am\nt ( "w done 9 keep+ !m clean1 r ?an save labor4 ,9 ! matt] ( safety1 ano!r "q1 :i* sometimes arises1 is z to ! dang] f ! plumb+ app>atus :]e !re is no sew] connection1 or :]e x has to be made ) a vault4 ,! protection aga9/ sew]-gas is n f ! sew] itself or ! vault4 ,x is entirely ?r\gh protective app>atus 9 ! h\se1 & ! mann] ( ! connection ) ! vault or sew]4 ,"o may consid] ! conditions ( safety 9 plumb+ app>atus "u two g5]al heads4 ,fir/1 z to ! workman%ip2 second1 z to design or plan ( ! app>atus4 ,no?+ ne$ be said z to ! workman%ip1 except+ t ! execution ( ! design1 or ! b5efits to be d]iv$ f x1 maybe entirely lo/ by defective workman%ip4 ,if ! "w is n prop]ly execut$1 ! design ne$ n be consid]$4 ,! result w be bad irrespective ( ! plan4 ,9 consid]+ ! design ( ! app>atus1 we w take into acc\nt ! arrangem5t ( ! connections & fixtures4 ,by ! latt] expression is meant ! tub1 ! wat]-closet1 ! wa%-b[l1 & ! s9k1 pump1 etc4 ,! connections :i* h to d ) ! safety ( ! app>atus are ! traps & ! wa/e pipes1 or pipes :i* connect ) ! vault or sew]4 ,! ma9 wa/e pipe inside ! h\se is call$ ! soil pipe4 ,! small] wa/e pipes f ! fixtures connect ) x4 ,! soil pipe is ( ca/-iron1 & usually f\r in*es 9 diamet] on ! inside4 ,x connects1 full size1 ) ! wat]-closet4 ,mo/ o!r wa/es are ( lead1 & are usually an in* & a half 9 diamet]4 ,9 ! soil & wa/e pipes !re w naturally be ! odors f ! vaults & sew]1 or f ! f\l matt] :i* is 9 or pass+ ?r\gh ! pipes4 ,!re=e1 !re mu/ be means 9 ea* wa/e pipe1 :i* connects a fixture ) ! ma9 soil pipe1 ( prev5t+ ! passage ( gas or air f x into ! h\se4 ,?is is done by means ( :at is call$ a trap4 ,! ,s trap is ! commone/ =m2 ?is "n is giv5 x f its %ape1 & illu/rates its con/ruction4 ,if we take a lett] ,s & turn x sideways we w get ! =m ( su* a trap4 ,! "r side or end w\ld cont9ue directly d[n t[>d ! dra9 or soil pipe1 & ! left side w\ld cont9ue upw>d & connect ) ! fixture 7see ,fig4 #f74 ,! wat] f ! fixture comes d[n & is =c$ upw>d ?r\gh ! b5d by ! pressure ( wat] above1 & f !nce runs into ! soil pipe or dra94 ,?us x w be se5 t !re is always a seal ( wat] 9 ! trap4 ,!re is always wat] 9 ! trap z indicat$ by ! dep? ( ! b5d ( ! ,s4 ,!re are hundr$s ( diff]5t =ms ( traps1 b !y are all con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciple2 ! idea be+ t ! gas or air f ! pipe w\ld h to pass ?r\gh ! wat] 9 ord] to get into ! h\se4 ,! wat] 9 ! trap is call$ ! seal2 x seals ! passage ( air z /at$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,!re are _m conditions "u :i* a trap may fail to d its full duty4 ,x may be f\l 9 itself1 or x may be r5d]$ f\l by ! bad air 9 ! dra94 ,! trap may be siphon$ by a heavy fl[ ( wat] ?r\gh ! ma9 dra91 or x may be siphon$ by a /r+ or a rag :i* may readily f9d its way into ! trap1 & hang ov] ! b5d s t all ( ! wat] w run out4 ,aga91 ! wat] 9 ! trap may evaporate4 ,all ^! dang]s may be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re %\ld be means :i* all[ fre% air to pass ?r\gh all t portion ( ! ma9 dra9 or soil pipe :i* is 9 or close to ! h\se4 ,! means ( accompli%+ ?is are v>i\s4 ,! soil pipe is v5tilat$ by cont9u+ up ?r\gh & well above ! ro( ) a full op5+ at ! top4 ,! small] dra9s %\ld be v5tilat$ 9 ! same way :5 f> remov$ f ma9 soil pipe or o!r connection4 ,! traps %\ld be v5tilat$ by #a-a_/b-;in* or two-in* connections ) ! out] air1 z %[n by cut4 ,frequ5t use ( plumb+ fixtures contributes to safety4 ,x causes a l>ge volume ( wat] to pass ?r\gh ! pipes4 ,! flu%+ ( ! pipes & dra9s 9 ?is way makes !m clean] & ?us saf]4 ,x is frequ5tly said by ^? :o h plumb+ fixtures 9 _! h\ses t !y use !m z little z possible1 because !y are afraid ( !m4 ,no?+ worse c\ld be done4 ,! wat] 9 ! traps evaporates or becomes f\l1 & ?us ! gas has a free entrance to ! h\se4 ,a wat]-closet helps greatly to cleanse ! soil pipe & outside dra94 ,x dis*>ges a l>ge volume ( wat] into x sudd5ly1 9 a way to keep x clean4 ,x is n a bad plan to use ! closet at lea/ once a day1 solely = ! purpose ( flu%+ ! dra94 ,9 h\ses :]e !re are a numb] ( wa%-/&s di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s *amb]s & halls !re is dang] f neglect 9 us+ !m4 ,! wat] seal 9 ! traps may evaporate1 & ?us give direct sew]-air connection ) ! h\se4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is s 9 ! gue/'s room4 ,a wa%-/& is a m dang]\s fixture = ?is reason ?an any o!r 9 ! h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g ,! wat]-closet problem has receiv$ a great deal ( att5tion4 ,a few ye>s ago !y 7 q complicat$1 !re be+ lev]s & pipes1 pans1 spr+s & weights1 to a degree ( complexity :i* caus$ a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,!re has s9ce be5 a return to fir/ pr9ciples & great simplicity4 ,! wat]-closet ( to-day is no?+ m or less ?an a l>ge b[l connect$ by means ( an ,s trap f\r in*es 9 diamet] ) ! soil pipe1 & provid$ ) means ( flu%+ ) l>ge volumes ( wat]4 ,su* a closet is kn[n z ! wa%\t closet4 ,9 o!r closets !re is an int]m$iate plung]-valve sep>at+ ! hopp] f ! trap4 ,! plung]-valve is def9$ by its "n4 ,x is a l>ge /opp] :i* plunges into & closes up ! op5+ to ! trap by means ( its own weight :5 releas$4 ,t :i* makes "o closet diff]5t f ano!r has to d m ) means ( flu%+ ?an any?+ else4 ,by flu%+ is meant ! p\r+ into & di/ribution ( wat] 9 ! hopp]4 ,! mo/ popul> closets1 ^? :i* h giv5 ! mo/ satisfaction1 are wa%\t closets1 made entirely ( :ite e>!nw>e1 n alone ! b[l1 b ! trap & connect+ neck4 ,closets are be/ flu%$ f an indep5d5t tank1 :i* is plac$ ab\t sev5 feet above ! closet & connects ) x by means ( #a-a_/d-;in* pipe4 ,! height gives x a /rong flu% ( wat]1 :i* cleanses x ?or\ghly4 ,9 ! pa/ x has be5 usual to conceal ! e>!nw>e or iron body ( ! closet4 ,x is be/ to leave x entirely op5 ar\nd ! sides1 t ! entire app>atus may be expos$4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to support ! flap & seat by legs1 ?\gh ! mod]n closets are arrang$ s t all ( ! woodwork may be secur$ to ! upp] "p ( ! hopp] or ! wall4 ,!re %\ld be ! solid flap cov]+ to ! wood5 seat ) ! op5+ 9 x1 bo? ( :i* %\ld be h+$1 s z to all[ !m to be ?r[n back4 ,x is conv5i5t to use ! wat]-closet z a slop hopp]4 ,9 ord] to d ?is ! seat %\ld be h+$1 s t x may be ?r[n back out ( ! way4 ,"o frequ5tly he>s x said by ^? :o ex]cise _! au?ority ov] h\sehold matt]s t !y d n all[ any?+ to be put into ! wat]-closet except t :i* is naturally int5d$ = x2 mean+ t !y d n all[ ! slop wat] to be put into x4 ,!re is no reason 9 ?is4 ,! closet t _c be us$ = ?is purpose _c1 ) safety1 be all[$ 9 ! h\se4 ,! use ( ! wat]-closet z a slop s9k is n only legitimate b desirable4 ,x flu%es ! dra94 ,!re is a movem5t t[>d simplicity 9 g5]al plumb+ app>atus4 ,at ! "t ! wat]-closets 7 9 ! complicat$ /ate m5tion$1 ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to plumb+ 0 9 ! same g5]al condition4 ,x 0 ?\ght necess>y to fill a h\se ) a wild]ness ( pipes & traps to h x safe or satisfactory4 ,! v complexity ( ! arrangem5t made x n only unsafe b exp5sive to ma9ta94 ,we h all he>d a great deal ab\t ! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ a plumb+ plant1 if x may be s call$4 ,!re is no reason :y !re %\ld be con/ant repairs & exp5se4 ,x is pleasant to "k t additional exp5se is n necess>y to secure immunity f tr\ble4 ,! idea ( simplicity 9 arrangem5t1 g5]al excell5ce 9 ! fixtures1 mat]ial1 & labor1 :i* g to =m ! complet$ "w1 has to be borne 9 m9d4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! plumb+ app>atus has to be plann$ ) ! same c>e & ?\ghtfulness z ! o!r p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t if ! pipes are plac$ 9 a position :]e ! temp]ature is liable to fall bel[ ?irty-two degrees ! wat] 9 ! pipes w freeze4 ,?us x is sugge/$ t all pipes %\ld be on an inside wall1--if possible1 next to ! kit*5 flue1--& t !re be "h arrang$ an especial pipe duct ( wood to v5tilate ! kit*51 &1 at ! same "t1 keep ! pipes f freez+ by means ( ! w>m air :i* w pass ?r\gh x4 ,?is duct %\ld be cov]$ on ! face ) a wide bo>d1 :i* c be readily remov$ by tak+ out a few screws4 ,?us ! pipes may be expos$ at any "t desirable4 ,if ! hot-wat] boil] 9 ! kit*5 is surr\nd$ by an enclosure :i* has an op5+ 9 ! bottom1 & :i* connects f above ) ! pipe duct previ\sly describ$1 !re w be a curr5t ( w>m air pass+ upw>d ?r\gh ! pipe duct z long z !re is w>m wat] 9 ! boil]4 ,! wat] 9 ! boil] w be w>m long aft] ev]y?+ else is cold4 ,?is w insure safety f freez+ :5 o!r helps fail4 ,! ci/]n wat] is suppli$ to ! ba?-room1 & to ! hot-wat] res]voir1 by means ( a tank plac$ 9 ! attic1 or at lea/ above ! highe/ fixture4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! supply pipe f ! tank above ! attic floor freezes4 ,all ?is may be prev5t$ by enclos+ ! tank1 & ! pipe :i* connects ) x1 ) a l>ge box or canvas cov]+ :i* is six or eight in*es l>g] ?an ! tank4 ,?is conf9es ! w>m air f ! duct m5tion$1 s t z long z !re is heat x w always be 9 ?is enclosure4 ,! outside dra91 :i* connects ) ! vault or sew]1 is1 9 "s in/ances1 trapp$ previ\s to its entrance to ! sew] or vault4 ,9 su* cases1 ?is trap %\ld h a connection ) ! out] air1 & on ! side ( ! trap t[>ds ! h\se4 ,sometimes ?is out]-air connection is made into ! wat] sp\t f ! ro(2 b ?is is n prop]1 = ! reason t ! sew] gas1 or ! gas f ! vault1 is almo/ c]ta9 to de/roy ! sp\t4 ,aga91 ?is sp\t may come out ne> a dorm]1 or may pass ne> a w9d[1 & 9 ei!r case may contam9ate ! air 9 ! h\se4 ,x is bett] t ?is v5tilat+ connection %\ld be 9 ! y>d1 at "s di/ance f ! h\se1 or1 bett] yet1 t !re %\ld be a long iron pipe ext5d+ well above ! gr\nd4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t ?is v5t has no direct connection ) ! sew]1 b m]ely ) ! soil pipe & dra9 back ( ! trap2 ) t "p ( x :i* is ne>e/ to1 & 91 ! h\se4 ,sometimes x is necess>y to run ! d[n sp\ts into ! sew] connection2 9 su* a case "o %\ld be c]ta9 t ! d[n-sp\t op5+s are n ne> ! dorm]s1 & t !y h no connection :atev] ) ! ci/]n4 ,x is common to h a swit* or cut-(f 9 ! d[n sp\t1 s t ! latt] may be connect$ ei!r ) ! ci/]n or sew]4 ,?is is v bad practice4 ,:ile x is connect$ ) ! sew] or ) ! dra9 pipe1 ! d[n sp\t is contam9at$ ) all ! f\lness ( ! air ( ! dra94 ,on its be+ connect$ ) ! ci/]n1 ! wat] is poison$4 ,immunity f sew] gas 9 ! h\se is l>gely dep5d5t ^u ! flu%+ & v5tilation ( ! dra9 & ! soil pipe4 ,9 ! case ( a dra9 :i* is trapp$ z describ$1 !re is an air connection ?r\gh ! v5t be=e ! trap2 !n ! soil pipe :i* is 9 ! h\se %\ld cont9ue upw>d ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,?us !re is a fre% air inlet ?r\gh ! dra91 & upw>d ?r\gh ! soil pipe ( ! h\se4 ,su* a connection prev5ts ! possibility ( siphon+ ! traps1 z x gives an outw>d air connection4 ,! wat] pass+ ?r\gh ! dra9 or soil pipe c draw its supply ( air f ! upw>d soil v5t1 r ?an ?r\gh ! traps :i* conta9 wat]4 ,:5 !re is no upw>d v5t ( ! soil or dra91 ! wat] 9 ! traps :i* connect !re) w be drawn out by ! passage ( wat] ?r\gh ! dra9 :]e fixtures are us$4 ,!re are ^? :o ma9ta9 t !re %\ld be no trap 9 ! y>d or adjac5t to ! h\se1 b t !re %\ld be a /raight run f ! soil pipe to ! sew] or vault1 & upw>d ?r\gh ! ro( & above ! h\se4 ,x is good practice to use ! trap z describ$ = sew] connections1 b n = op5 vault connections4 ,a grease s9k is frequ5tly plac$ 9 ! dra9 to int]cept ! passage ( grease into ! vault4 ,x is s plac$ & connect$ t only ! wat] f ! kit*5 s9k1 or o!r fixtures :]e ! wat] conta9s grease1 may ent] x4 ,x is made ( brick1 & is usually ( six or eight b>rels capacity4 ,a f\r-in* pipe connects x ) ! kit*5 wa/e1 & if ! grease s9k is plac$ adjac5t to ! ma9 dra91 !re c be a simil> connection betwe5 x & ! ma9 dra94 ,x %\ld be a siphon connection1 s t ! s9k w become ne>ly full be=e x dis*>ges4 ,:5 x dis*>ges ?r\gh ! siphon ! wat] w g out ) a ru% & leave ! grease 9 ! s9k4 ,?is makes an int]mitt5t dis*>ge into ! ma9 dra91 :i* flu%es or cleanses x ?or\ghly & is mu* bett] ?an a con/ant small fl[ ( wat]4 ,?is grease s9k mu/ be clean$ f "t to "t4 ,small ca/-iron grease s9ks are sometimes plac$ "u kit*5 s9ks 9 v l>ge dwell+s or hotels4 ,no?+ p>ticul> ne$ be said 9 reg>d to wa%-/&s m ?an has be5 said1 except+1 possibly1 t ! dra9 %\ld be trapp$1 v5tilat$1 & connect$ ) ! soil pipe2 also t !re %\ld be a lead safe or safety pan on ! floor "u ! wa%-/& :5 !y are enclos$2 x is pref]able t !y %\ld rema9 un5clos$4 ,x has be5 common to connect ?is safe ) ! soil pipe4 ,x is only int5d$ t x %\ld be useful 9 cases ( accid5tal ov]fl[2 b1 not)/&+ ! fact t !re be a trap 9 ! safe wa/e or dra91 x w\ld be empty mo/ ( ! "t1 because ( ! evaporation ( ! wat]4 ,x is prop] to make direct connection ) ! cell> or kit*5 s9k4 ,! ba?-tub %\ld h ! same-siz$ dra9 connection z ! wa%-/&2 t is1 "o & "o-half in* 9 diamet]1 trapp$4 ,! ov]fl[s f bo? ! wa%-/& & tub %\ld be flu%$ ) hot wat] q frequ5tly1 to avoid ! soap smells :i* are s common to ba?-rooms4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ^? :o h ba?-rooms 9 _! h\ses imag9e t !y smell sew] gas1 :5 x is no?+ m or less ?an ! smell ( rancid soap4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,heat ,,& ,,v5tilation4--,,common ,,heat+ ,,arrangem5ts4--,,pres5t ,,me?ods ,,g5]ally ,,unsatisfactory4--,,ideal ,,conditions4--,,prop] ,,am\nt ,,( ,,moi/ure ,,r>ely ,,atta9$4--,a ,,furnace ,,def9$4--,,me?ods ,,( ,,rea*+ ,,be/ ,,results4--,,supply ,,( ,,prop] ,,am\nt ,,( ,,moi/ure4--,,removal ,,( ,,f\l ,,air4--,,supply+ ,,fre% ,,air ,,) ,,prop] ,,moi/ure ,,f ,,/oves4--,,/eam ,,& ,,hot ,,wat] ,,heat+4--,,direct ,,& ,,indirect ,,radiation4--,,l[-,,co/ ,,heat+ ,,app>atus4 ,x is only )9 a %ort "t t ! heat+ & v5tilation ( build+s ( any k9d h be5 9 any measure satisfactory4 ,?is applies only to ! l>ge/ build+s2 ! heat+ & v5tilat+ ( small] /ructures are /ill 9 an unsatisfactory condition4 ,mo/ dwell+-h\ses are heat$ ) /oves1 :i*1 z n[ arrang$1 are n successful4 ,! same air is heat$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,fre% air 9 ! prop] quantities or f ! prop] s\rce is n suppli$ to ! int]ior ( ! build+4 ,grates are v well 9 _! way 9 t !y take l>ge quantities ( air f ! room4 ,?us f> !y v5tilate4 ,! supply ( air is necess>ily irregul>1 unless special means are provid$4 ,furnaces are us$ = heat+ a v l>ge numb] ( h\ses4 ,:ile !y are satisfactory 9 "s respects1 !y are defici5t 9 o!rs4 ,! same ?+ may be said ( /eam1 hot-wat]1 or o!r heat+ app>atus4 ,z ! /atem5t has be5 made t heat+ sy/ems 9 g5]al1 z appli$ to dwell+-h\ses1 are unsatisfactory1 x may be well to /ate ! fault1 & :at is to be desir$4 ,x is n ! purpose to consid] ?is "q *emically1 or f a highly sci5tific /&po9t2 !re is no occasion = x4 ,x is well to be> 9 m9d t we are consid]+ ! heat+ & v5tilat+ ( a h\se dur+ cold wea!r1 & n its v5tilation dur+ ! summ]1 :5 natural means are to be reli$ ^u4 ,!n x may be ask$1 ,:at is to be done8 ,prim>ily ! air %\ld be at ! prop] temp]ature at all times2 x %\ld be 9 its pure /ate1 z f\nd on ! outside ( ! build+1 & n contam9at$ ) any ( ! gases ( combu/ion4 ,x %\ld be suppli$ ) its prop] equival5t ( moi/ure at ! temp]ature at :i* we f9d x 9 ! room4 ,z x becomes impure f natural causes1 !re %\ld be "s means ( effect+ its )drawal4 ,^! are ! ideal conditions4 ,h[ f> d !y exi/ 9 practice8 ,! temp]ature is ord9>ily high en\gh4 ,! air ( ! room is apt to be contam9at$ by ! gases ( combu/ion1 & vitiat$ by brea?+ & o!rwise4 ,r>ely inde$ does x conta9 its prop] equival5t ( moi/ure2 x is dry & p>*$4 ,n[ t we "k ! conditions 9 _! ideal /ate & z !y exi/ 9 fact1 we w consid] 9 detail :at may be done to br+ ab\t m satisfactory results4 ,if ! heat+ app>atus be a furnace1 x %\ld be con/ruct$ ( /eel or wr\ght-iron plate1 ! jo9ts ?or\ghly rivet$ & calk$2 or1 if ( o!r mat]ial1 x %\ld c]ta9ly be gas-tight4 ,e precaution %\ld be tak5 to prev5t ! passage ( ! air ( combu/ion f ! furnace to ! w>m-air *amb]s & f !nce to ! rooms above4 ,! furnace is no?+ m or less ?an a l>ge /ove ) v>i\s radiat+ arrangem5ts1 surr\nd$ by an iron or brick enclosure1 ) a supply ( fre% air f ! outside1 & ) connect+ t9 pipes to ! rooms above4 ,x is important t ! inn] p>ts1 ! fire-pot1 ! radiat+ surface1 etc41 be ?or\ghly well built & gas-tight1 to prev5t ! heat$ air f becom+ contam9at$ by ! gases ( combu/ion4 ,! supply ( out] air %\ld be ample4 ,x %\ld be s arrang$ t x c nev] be entirely cut (f4 ,! furnace %\ld be ( suffici5t capacity s t means ( r$uc+ ! out] air supply %\ld n be necess>y4 ,h[ev]1 if su* arrangem5ts are made1 !y %\ld be limit$4 ,! prop] equival5t ( moi/ure %\ld be giv5 to ! air at ! temp]ature at :i* x rea*es ! room4 ,x may be said t !re is a wat]-pan connect$ ) e furnace1 t w d ev]y?+ necess>y 9 supply+ moi/ure4 ,?is is a mi/ake4 ,s f> z ,i "k1 ! furnace or o!r heat+ app>atus = dwell+s has n be5 con/ruct$ :i* is provid$ ) a prop] evaporat+ app>atus4 ,! pan is set 9 ! side ( ! furnace1 ) an op5+ to ! outside into :i* wat] may be p\r$4 ,x is small1 & has v little evaporat+ surface on ! inside4 ,(t5times ! jo9ts at ! outside are s poorly made t ! cold air f ! cell> may be drawn 9 ov] ! wat] 9 ! pan1 & 9 t way prev5t its prop] evaporation4 ,w9t] air heat$ to a summ] temp]ature is dry & p>*$1 :]eas natural summ] air conta9s ! prop] am\nt ( moi/ure4 ,! out] air dur+ ! w9t] "t has its prop] equival5t ( moi/ure = ! w9t] temp]ature1 :i* is a mu* small] am\nt ?an w\ld belong to x at a high] temp]ature4 ,!re=e :5 we take w9t] air into ! furnace or o!r heat+ app>atus1 raise x to a summ] temp]ature1 & c>ry x into a room1 we h a v dry air1 :i* seeks its equival5t ( moi/ure f ! occupants ( ! room1 f ! furniture1 c>pets1 walls1 ceil+1 & ev]y?+ 9 x4 ,! air w n take additional moi/ure unless t moi/ure be suppli$ aft] x has rea*$ a high] temp]ature4 ,= in/ance1 if a spray or a s]ies ( wet blankets be arrang$ 9 ! cold-air duct1 be=e ! air gets to ! furnace1 ! air w n take ! moi/ure f t spray or f ! damp blankets4 ,! moi/ure mu/ be suppli$ aft] ! air is heat$4 ,:]e ! wat]-pan is set on ! side ( ! furnace1 & :]e !re is a supply ( air ?r\gh ! pan f ! cell>1 z !re frequ5tly is1 evaporation is naturally ret>d$ by ! cold air1 z indicat$4 ,aga91 if ?is pan be nev] s well protect$1 x is small1 ! prop] am\nt ( evaporat+ surface is n pres5t$4 ,an evaporat+ pan or o!r device %\ld be plac$ above ! fire-pot & %\ld occupy a l>ge proportion ( ! area ( ! heat+ *amb]4 ,! supply ( wat] %\ld n be dep5d5t ^u "s "o's att5tion4 ,x %\ld be con/ant by means ( a ball-cock or o!rwise4 ,x %\ld run into or drip into a %all[ pan1 or %\ld be suppli$ to %eets ( felt or blanket s t ! air w come 9 contact ) ! moi/ surfaces1 at ! temp]ature at :i* x is to g into ! room4 ,?us x has ! prop] am\nt ( moi/ure :i* belongs to x at t temp]ature4 ,9 ?is way we h w9t] air f ! outside go+ into ! room at a summ] temp]ature & ) a summ] equival5t ( moi/ure2 t is1 we h summ] air 9 ! w9t] "t4 ,p sometimes und]take to get ar\nd ?is by putt+ wat]-pans 9 ! regi/]s1 b !y are r>ely ample4 ,!y are neglect$1 or !y int]f]e ) ! supply ( w>m air1 & are ab&on$4 ,:]e a furnace is already 9 a h\se1 or :]e x is n possible to make elaborate arrangem5ts = provid+ ! air ) moi/ure1 !re is a v simple make%ift :i* is q effective4 ,x consi/s 9 susp5d+ 9 ! regi/]s 9 ! floor small wat] receptacles--a qu>t bucket answ]s e purpose--9 :i* is plac$ a broad /rip ( l954 ,?is clo? %\ld g to ! bottom ( ! receptacle & be long en\gh to hang ov] & bel[ x = sev]al in*es4 ,:5 ! bucket is fill$ ) wat] ?is piece ( clo? acts z a siphon1 & c>ries ! wat]1 a drop at a "t1 into ! furnace-pipe1 :]e x is conv]t$ into /eam4 ,a piece ( old table-l95 is ! be/ mat]ial to use1 = ! reason t x c>ries ! wat] fa/ en\gh1 t ! heat f ! furnace does n dry x out be=e x c drop into ! pipe2 o!rwise ! clo? becomes dry at ! end1 & ! siphonage ceases4 ,= ! same reason x %\ld be broad1--ab\t twelve in*es4 ,:]e a mod]ate heat is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! furnace-pipe1 ?ree qu>ts ( wat] may be evaporat$ 9 ?is way 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs f ea* bucket4 ,a bucket ( ! size m5tion$ does n 9 any way int]f]e ) ! passage ( heat4 ,! next po9t = consid]ation is ! means ( gett+ ! f\l1 contam9at$ air to ! outside4 ,"o way is ?r\gh ! use ( grates4 ,ano!r is by means ( ducts 9 ! wall1 op5+ ne> ! floor1 :i* draw ! f\l air f ! room to ! outside4 ,^! %\ld consi/ ( heat$ flues1 ) connect+ regi/]s 9 ! ceil+ & floor1 :i* may be op5 :5 necess>y4 ,"u any circum/ances1 ! grate is be/4 ,sometimes ! flue may be heat$ by a supply ( w>m air f ! furnace1 or by a /eam-pipe 9 case /eam is us$ = heat+ ! h\se4 ,9 natural-gas regions1 ! supply ( additional heat 9 a flue f a furnace or by a jet w\ld be a small matt]4 ,we h m5tion$ heat+ by /oves1 grates1 & furnaces4 ,! same pr9ciples :i* apply to ! furni%+ ( fre% air to a furnace may be appli$ to a /ove4 ,! fact is1 !y nev] h be54 ,a /ove %\ld be made1 & w be made "s day1 t is surr\nd$ on ! outside by a second jacket1 ! space betwe5 be+ connect$ ) ! out] air by means ( a t9 tube to ! "u side ( ! /ove4 ,! supply ( cold air c\ld be s arrang$ z to be %ut (f :5 !re 0 no heat 9 ! /ove4 ,! w>m air w\ld pass out at ! top ( ! jacket4 ,on top ( ! /ove c\ld be plac$ an evaporat+ pan1 & ! supply ( moi/ure come !refrom4 ,9 connection ) ! /ove-pipe1 :i* %\ld be jacket$1 a second v5tilat+ flue1 />t+ f ! floor & hav+ an op5+ bo? above & bel[1 c\ld be arrang$1 & 9 t way ! supply ( fre% air & )drawal ( impure air c\ld be accompli%$4 ,next we may speak ( /eam & hot-wat] heat+4 ,s f> z a *ange ( air & ! v5tilation ( ! room are conc]n$1 heat+ by direct radiation1 t is1 by radiators plac$ 9 ! room1 is no bett] ?an /ove heat+4 ,x may be t ! air is n s sev]ely p>*$ by ! extreme heat1 also ! escape ( /eam may contribute some:at to ! moi/ure ( ! air2 b ! escape ( /eam is n agreeable1 & is n all[$ to exi/ to any great ext5t2--its odor is n always pleasant4 ,c]ta9ly ! addition ( moi/ure to ! air by ?is means w\ld be a m]e make%ift & unsatisfactory4 ,hot-wat] coils act ! same z /eam radiators 9 t !y heat ! same air ov] & ov] aga91 & are no bett] ?an /oves1 s f> z ! provision = fre% air1 at prop] temp]ature & humidity1 is conc]n$4 ,a /eam or hot-wat] app>atus1 ) indirect radiation1 is sup]ior to furnace heat z ord9>ily provid$4 ,! means ( supply+ moi/ure to an indirect /eam app>atus1 z ord9>ily con/ruct$1 are n conv5i5t4 ,!re is a radiator = ea* hot-air connection above1 t is1 a radiator = ea* regi/]1 ) a di/9ct & direct supply ( out] air !reto4 ,sometimes !re are two regi/]s connect+ ) a s+le radiator4 ,b "u any circum/ances ! radiators are some:at sep>at$1 hav+ /eam or wat] connection ) ! boil] at ! prop] po9t4 ,/eam app>atus = public build+s has be5 con/ruct$ :]e ! radiators h be5 bun*$1 t is1 put into a s+le *amb]1 ! air pass+ ?r\gh ! *amb] conta9+ ! radiators1 :]e x is heat$ to ! prop] temp]ature1 & ! moi/ure aft]w>ds suppli$ be=e x ent]s ! room4 ,:]e ?is arrangem5t is us$1 !re mu/ be conductors1 t9 or o!rwise1 f ! *amb] to ! regi/]1 z 9 ! case ( a furnace4 ,aga91 x w be f\nd t ! supply ( air w n be uni=m ?r\gh all ( ! op5+s2 = in/ance1 ! regi/] t is f>!/ remov$ f ! w>m-air *amb] may fail to act4 ,9 ?is ev5t1 auxili>y radiators may be plac$ "u t regi/]1 & ! op]ation ( ! heat+ app>atus greatly facilitat$ !reby4 ,?is plan is sup]ior to a furnace1 & c be appli$ to hot-wat] or /eam app>atus 9 dwell+s4 ,! reason t x is sup]ior to a furnace is t ! supply ( heat is m uni=m4 ,x does n require ! con/ant fir+ or att5tion t is necess>y 9 ! case ( a hot-air furnace4 ,x may be kn[n t ! temp]ature does n *ange ) ! pressure ( /eam or 9 ! same proportion4 ,!re are inexp5sive automatic arrangem5ts 9 connection ) furnaces & /eam app>atus1 :i* control ! damp]s & keep ! /eam pressure measurably uni=m1 z long z !re is fuel ( suffici5t quantity 9 ! fire-pot4 ,! hot-wat] app>atus is m uni=m 9 its op]ation ?an /eam1 & = t reason m satisfactory4 ,a furnace plant is ! mo/ inexp5sive app>atus t may be us$ = g5]al heat+2 ! /eam app>atus is next high] z to fir/ co/1 ?\gh no m exp5sive 9 am\nt ( fuel us$4 ,! hot-wat] app>atus co/s m ?an /eam1 & is some:at m economical 9 ! co/ ( ma9t5ance4 ,x is probable t a h\se ( mod]ate size c be w>m$ all ov] at a less co/1 z f> z fuel is conc]n$1 by a furnace or a /eam or hot-wat] heat+ app>atus ?an by /oves & grates4 ,h[ev]1 grates are g5]ally us$ 9 addition to ^! = ! purpose ( com=t & appe>ance1 & = v5tilat+4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 !y consume v little fuel4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,heat+ ,,devices ,,z ,,we ,,f9d ,,!m4--,,furnace ,,e/imates4--,,comb9ation ,,hot ,,air ,,& ,,hot ,,wat]4--,,di%-,,w>m+ ,,arrangem5ts4--,,h[ ,,to ,,get ,a ,,good ,,heat+ ,,app>atus4 ,= ! pres5t1 p :o build mu/ take ?+s z !y f9d !m1 & use heat+ & v5tilat+ app>atus z regul>ly manufactur$4 ,exp]im5ts are unc]ta94 ,! !ory ( ! prop] heat+ & v5tilat+ ( a h\se z set =? 9 previ\s *apt] is correct4 ,! fulfilm5t ( ! ideas 9 dwell+-h\se heat+ rema9s to be practically work$ out4 ,x is n ! bus9ess ( ! ar*itect1 or ! h\sewife1 or ! own] ( ! h\se1 to "w out ^! me*anical details4 ,x w be done 9 "t by compet5t me*anical exp]ts4 ,9 ! e/imates subsequ5tly giv51 ! furnace is ! only means consid]$ = g5]al heat+4 ,h[ev]1 ?is does n indicate a prejudice 9 favor ( t p>ticul> me?od4 ,! furnace is consid]$ & figur$ ^u z ! ord9>y me?od ( heat+ h\ses ( mod]ate co/4 ,x is ! lea/ exp5sive plant to be us$ = g5]al heat+4 ,indirect radiation f hot wat] or /eam is to be pref]r$ to a furnace4 ,a comb9ation ( a hot-air furnace ) hot wat]1 or /eam1 is us$ ) fair success4 ,9 ?is case1 a hot-wat] coil is plac$ 9 an ord9>y furnace1 :i* connects ) hot-wat] radiators 9 a cons]vatory or o!r room = ! purpose ( contribut+ a uni=m degree ( heat to t room4 ,! wat] supply is a tank1 locat$ well above ! level ( ! radiators1 & connect+ ?r\gh an inlet pipe ) ! coil 9 ! furnace4 ,! prop] means ( supply+ ?is tank ) wat] is ?r\gh a ball-cock or float-cock1 ! float ( :i* op5s ! valve :5 ! wat] gets l[ 9 ! tank4 ,?us ! supply is z con/ant z ! s\rce4 ,a hot-wat] radiator ( ?is k9d may be us$ 9 connection ) a device = w>m+ di%es or keep+ food w>m4 ,! heat is g5tle1 uni=m1 & con/ant4 ,?is is a g5]al advantage ( all hot-wat] heat+4 ,aside f ! automatic arrangem5ts = controll+ ! /eam or wat] pressure 9 ! heat+ app>atus1 & ?us measurably controll+ ! temp]ature 9 ! build+1 o!r m positive automatic arrangem5ts are provid$ :i* und]take to ma9ta9 any fix$ temp]ature4 ,^! are propriet>y devices1 pat5t$ & adv]tis$4 ,compla9ts are made ( ! g5]al ineffici5cy ( ev]y?+ "u ! sun3 h5ce1 furnaces & o!r heat+ app>atus come 9 = _! %>e4 ,an ar*itect is sometimes ask$ h[ he w\ld heat a c]ta9 build+4 ,he answ]s1 ,hot wat]1 /eam1 or furnace4--,oh1 ,i w\ldn't h /eam4 ,my uncle _h a /eam plant 9 8 h\se1 & !y ne>ly froze to dea? all la/ w9t]2 & !y burn$ ov] a ton ( coal a week4 ,! same ?+s are said1 & truly1 ( e k9d ( heat+ app>atus made1 :5 we consid] !m 9 g5]al classes4 ,g5]al compla9ts ( a simil> nature are made ( ev]y?+4 ,9 reg>d to ! /eam plant or hot-wat] app>atus1 or any?+ else ( :i* ?is ?+ may h be5 said1 "o may fir/ ackn[l$ge its tru?fulness1 & !n consid] :at x all means4 ,some?+ is at fault4 ,x may be t ! :ole design ( ! app>atus is faulty4 ,! design may be "r1 & ! con/ruction bad4 ,ev]y?+ else may be "r1 b ! app>atus too small2 or !re may be "s little defect :i* has to d ) ! plac+ ( ! app>atus 9 ! h\se4 ,sometimes1 :5 ev]y?+ is 9 good =m1 ! app>atus does n receive prop] att5tion3 h5ce tr\ble4 ,x may be ask$ h[ "o is to get a good heat+ app>atus = a dwell+-h\se4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be det]m9$ is1 ! p>ticul> k9d to be us$3 :e!r hot-wat]1 /eam1 or hot-air furnace4 ,!re are _m manufactur]s ( ! v>i\s app>atus1 :o are regul>ly 9 ! bus9ess4 ,to ^! may be submitt$ plans ( ! build+1 & a reque/ = e/imates & sugge/ions4 ,x is ! exp]i5ce ( an ar*itect t "o :o is putt+ money regul>ly 9 ! manufacture or production ( any?+ w n wa/e 8 en]gies = a great l5g? ( "t on a bad ?+1 if he kn[s x4 ,! evid5ce t an e/abli%m5t has be5 putt+ up good furnaces or o!r heat+ app>atus is long-cont9u$ bus9ess success4 ,if ! own] ( a h\se writes to an old-e/abli%$1 weal?y conc]n1 & s5ds 8 plans1 he is z c]ta9 to get a reliable proposition z he c be ( any?+4 ,a local ag5t ( an e/abli%m5t ( ?is k9d may misrepres5t1 un9t5tionally or o!rwise4 ,! sure/ way is to g to headqu>t]s4 ,! local ag5t does n always "k exactly :at %\ld be done4 ,a compet5t ar*itect c settle all ^! matt]s = an own]4 ,h[ev]1 if an ar*itect says !re are only "o or two furnaces or heat+ app>atus :i* are all "r1 he is ei!r ignorant or di%one/4 ,!re are _m diff]5t k9ds :i* w give fair satisfaction4 ,! idea 9 ?is *apt] is to take ?+s z we f9d !m1 & sugge/ :at may be done4 ,! !ories outl9$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] may be correct1 b !y d n am\nt to any?+ to a man :o is build+ to-day4 ,! only purpose ( ?is *apt] is to sugge/ to ^? :o are build+ t !y g to a fir/-class h\se1 pay a fair price1 & get ! be/ possible app>atus regul>ly 9 ! m>ket4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,h\se ,,& ,,its ,,beauty4--,,arti/ic ,,surr\nd+s4--,,beauty ,,m ,a ,,matt] ,,( ,,intellig5ce ,,?an ,,money4--,,ve/ibule ,,decorations4--,,beauty ,,9 ,,! ,,reception-,,hall4--,,mantels ,,& ,,grates4--,,fret-,,"w ,,& ,,porti,,res4--,,sp9dle ,,"w4--,,simple ,,=ms ,,( ,,good ,,decoration4--,,wood-,,c>v+4--,,door ,,& ,,w9d[ ,,cas+s4--,a ,,cons]vatory4--,,/a9$ ,,glass4--,a ,,cab9et ,,on ,,! ,,mantel4--,,t9t$ ,,pla/]+4--,,fresco+4--,,safety ,,9 ,,! ,,selection ,,( ,,colors4--,,an ,,attractive ,,sitt+-,,room4--,,! ,,p>lor4--,a ,,reception-,,room4--,,p>lor ,,hi/ory4--,,! ,,ideal ,,p>lor4--,,! ,,libr>y4--,a ,,place ,,( ,,quiet ,,& ,,re/4--,,libr>y ,,furni%+s4--,,! ,,d9+-,,room4--,,social ,,relations ,,( ,,! ,,d9+-,,room4--,,d9+-,,room ,,decorations4--,,cons]vatory ,,& ,,d9+-,,room4--,a ,,wood ,,ceil+4--,,beauty ,,9 ,,b$rooms4--,,quiet ,,& ,,light4 ,! j\rney ?r\gh ! h\se is h>dly complete until we ab&on ! mat]ial view1 & consid] x f ! /&po9t ( beauty4 ,z is said 9 ano!r connection1 ! ar*itect does n d 8 full duty 9 mak+ a h\se a model ( conv5i5ce & utility4 ,! h\sekeep] always looks t[>d a beautiful home1 some?+ t w be recogniz$ = its beauty & elegance4 ,a h\se t is beautiful & attractive gives pleasure to all :o see x1 z well z to ! occupants4 ,a beautiful1 arti/ic h\se is a s\rce ( education to ! occupants4 ,a por* ) clumsy columns1 rude m\ld+s1 heavy ceil+1 co>se details ( all k9ds1 _c b affect "o's liv+4 ,"o t is f9e 9 detail1 g5]\s 9 size1 decorat$ 9 arti/ic _s1 mu/ ( necessity n alone contribute to ! com=t ( ^? :o live 9 ! h\se1 b s]ve to lift !m f t :i* is common & ord9>y4 ,p may be surr\nd$ by t :i* is beautiful & arti/ic1 & = a "t fail to realize its true excell5ce1 or !y may be surr\nd$ ) t :i* is homely & crude )\t kn[+ ! full measure ( its ugl9ess4 ,! "t mu/ come1 h[ev]1 :5 ! tru? w be realiz$ to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,if x is 9 ! direction ( ! appreciation ( :at is beautiful1 x mu/ necess>ily br+ ab\t a high] /ate ( m9d4 ,no man c walk across a front por*1 "t aft] "t1 & take hold ( a beautiful door1 )\t be+ affect$ by x4 ,= ?is reason ! ve/ibule1 ! front door1 & all t belongs to x1 %\ld be design$ 9 a ?\ghtful _s1 ) ! idea t x is ! fir/ ( all ?+s t w impress ^? :o ent] ! h\se4 ,!re may n be mu* money to put into ?is door1 b :at !re is may z well br+ some?+ beautiful z some?+ ugly4 ,! same money t w make an ugly detail w make a beautiful1 arti/ic "o4 ,if ! glass ( ?is door mu/ be inexp5sive1 let x be ! ord9>y ca!dral glass4 ,in/ead ( be+ brilliant 9 color1 select a s(t1 mild t9t1--a light amb] or a /raw color4 ,if !re are divisions 9 ! door s t a numb] ( %eets may be us$1 two t9ts at mo/ are all t are necess>y4 ,x is be/ t !y %\ld be quiet 9 tone4 ,if money is m abundant1 & an elaborate /a9$-glass design may be _h1 put ! "w 9 ! h&s ( an arti/1 "o :o is well kn[n1 & ! result _c b be satisfactory4 ,z to ! door itself1 no?+ c be nic] ?an natural wood1 prop]ly f9i%$4 ,! detail ( ! design %\ld be ref9$2 !re %\ld be an avoidance ( all t is clumsy & heavy4 ,! _s ( ! int]ior may be /amp$ ^u ?is door4 ,:]e "o _c encompass ! exp5se ( an arti/ically design$ glass = ! door or ve/ibule op5+1 a v pretty effect may be secur$ by ! use ( a pla9 %eet ( plate-glass2 or1 if desir$1 a slight additional exp5se w give glass ) bevell$ edges4 ,sometimes ?is bevell$ glass is 9 small squ>es1 ) lead$ jo9ts4 ,?is gives a v simple & ri* effect f ei!r side4 ,z "o op5s ?is door & /eps into ! ve/ibule1 !re may come to 8 sight a beautiful mantel & grate-fire 9 ! reception-hall beyond4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly beautiful :5 %[n ?r\gh ! folds ( a tape/ry curta9 :i* sep>ates ! ve/ibule f ! reception-hall4 ,sometimes ?is ve/ibule is arrang$ s t !re is a small w9d[ at "o side ( x4 ,no?+ c be nic] ?an to h ?is fill$ ) glass1 ( ! same g5]al design z t ( ! door4 ,! hooks = wraps %\ld be ( poli%$ brass1 secur$ to a natural-wood /rip4 ,an umbrella-/& ( ! same mat]ial is attractive4 ,! floor is be/ ( h>d wood1 all b cov]$ ) a heavy rug4 ,?is is a pleasant place to /op a mom5t1 ) a m beautiful view beyond4 ,a reception-hall is1 f an ar*itectural /&po9t1 ! easie/ room 9 ! h\se to h&le2 t is1 x c easily be made to look well4 ,?is is because ( its connection ) ! ve/ibule1 ! /airway1 ! grate1 (t5 a w9d[-seat1 ! l>ge op5+s into ! o!r rooms1 & ! portires :i* g ) !m4 ,all ^! ?+s comb9e well to make a pretty room4 ,/airways1 z n[ design$1 are mu* m beautiful ?an ^? made a few ye>s ago4 ,!n x 0 a habit to />t at "o end ( ! hall & cont9ue to ! second floor 9 a s+le run1 ) w9d]s only at ! upp] end1 to *ange ! direction ( ! movem5t4 ,n[ x is common to h at lea/ two l&+s 9 ea* run2 (t5times !re w be only two or ?ree /eps1 !n a l&+1 f :i* /eps lead to ano!r ne> ! top4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! /airway !re are ! newel po/s1 & at ea* l&+ a corn] po/4 ,?is arrangem5t frequ5tly admits ( ! plac+ ( a seat along "o side ( ! out] "p ( ! l[] l&+4 ,if n t1 possibly "o along ! side ( ! /airway1 bel[ ! run ( /eps :i* />ts f ! l[] l&+4 ,! space betwe5 ! rail+ & ! /eps is usually occupi$ by turn$ balu/]s1 ?\gh !re are _m =ms ( fill+ & decorat+ ?is space4 ,sometimes x is ( turn$ sp9dle-"w1 scroll-"w1 fret-"w1 & squ>es or panels1 arrang$ 9 diff]5t =ms4 ,x is n unusual to h /a9$-glass w9d[s at ea* l&+4 ,^! w9d[s are n necess>ily l>ge1 & are usually hung on h+es4 ,sometimes a small bay-w9d[ projection is made f "o or bo? ( ^! l&+s4 ,9 !m may be plac$ seats1 & 9 ?is way add beauty & conv5i5ce to ! room4 ,x is q usual to cov] ! reception-hall ) rugs r ?an c>pets4 ,! h>d-wood floor idea probably _h its orig9 9 ! reception-hall4 ,if x ev] takes its dep>ture x w be fir/ f ?is room4 ,if a h>d-wood floor is n l>gely cov]$ ) rugs x requires a great deal ( labor4 ,! mantel 9 ! reception-hall %\ld be ( wood4 ,x is pleasant to h ! l>g] "p ( ! entire sett+ made ( tile4 ,^! tiles are n[ made 9 mo/ beautiful designs & color+s4 ,beautiful figur$ designs may be _h1 if n = ! entire fac+1 = c]ta9 p>ts4 ,x is n uncommon t only a n>r[ m>g9 ( wood-"w bord]s ! sides ( a mantel ( ?is k9d4 ,! %elf & cab9et above may be z ornam5tal z desir$4 ,no treatm5t ( wood-"w c add to ! beauty ( a l>ge surface ( tile fac+4 ,9 "s in/ances1 no %elf is provid$2 simply a bevell$ fac+1 ) a m>g9 ( woodwork1 n ov] an in* wide1 to cov] ! jo9t :]e ! til+ comes 9 contact ) ! pla/]4 ,! he>? %\ld be l>ge4 ,! grate bord] is be/ ( brass4 ,! walls ( ! reception-hall may h a gray pla/] f9i%1 or be t9t$ or pap]$1 z desir$4 ,! picture m\ld+ may come pretty well d[n f ! ceil+2 c]ta9ly n high] ?an ! tops ( ! doors4 ,! "p bel[ may be t9t$ 9 "o color1 & ! upp]1 9 ano!r4 ,! picture m\ld+ %\ld always be ( ! same k9d ( wood z ! f9i%1 & n gild$ or treat$ 9 any o!r highly artificial mann]4 ,! op5+s into o!r rooms1 ev5 :]e slid+ or h+$ doors are us$1 are frequ5tly fill$ a %ort di/ance f _! top ) :at is popul>ly call$ fret-"w4 ,x may be fret-"w1 pure & simple1 or sp9dle-"w1 or simply scroll-"w4 ,x is a v pleas+ =m ( ornam5tation4 ,! curta9s come bel[4 ,9 "o ( ! plans furni%$1 ! entire ve/ibule is made up ( turn$ "w1 :i*1 ) a curta91 is ! only sep>ation f ! ma9 hall4 ,sometimes ar*es are decorat$ 9 ! same mann]1 & ! space betwe5 ! circle & frame is fill$ ) ^! ornam5tal =ms4 ,a v simple way ( mak+ scre5s is by ! use ( ?9 qu>t]$ oak-/rips1 wov5 into basket patt]ns ( ornam5tal =m4 ,only "o g5]al design ( door & w9d[ cas+s is %[n 9 ?is book4 ,!re is no limit to ! ornam5tal =ms :i* may be us$ 9 decorat+ cas+s ( any k9d4 ,dur+ rec5t ye>s1 _m ladies h us$ _! en]gy & ability 9 ! direction ( wood-c>v+1 &1 "u compet5t in/ruction1 h done good "w4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ! patt]ns are 9 l[ relief4 ,! designs are frequ5tly conv5tionaliz$1 foliat$ patt]ns4 ,9 ! small] communities x is h>dly possible to get good c>v+ ?r\gh ord9>y *annels1 = ! reason t !re is n a suffici5t am\nt ( ?is k9d ( "w to be done to ju/ify a high grade ( tal5t 9 occupy+ s unpr(itable a field4 ,x is un=tunately true1 h[ev]1 t v few workm5 :o c c>ve at all1 b h an idea t !y d ?is k9d ( "w exce$+ly well4 ,no matt] h[ crude _! ef=ts may be1 !re is no lack ( self-appreciation4 ,!y pr(ess to be able to d t ( :i* !y are entirely ignorant4 ,x is be/ to be cont5t ) ! simple me*anical =ms ( int]ior wood-decoration1 unless !re are ^? ( kn[n & recogniz$ ability1 :o are capable ( execut+ ! m arti/ic patt]ns4 ,door & w9d[ cas+s are made mu* n>r[] & less complex ?an 0 ! cu/om sev]al ye>s ago4 ,! sitt+-room ( ! l[] floor is m cle>ly def9$ by ! t]m liv+-room4 ,x is a room ) mu* m wall space ?an ! reception-hall4 ,x usually conta9s a grate & mantel2 has a l>ge w9d[ to ! front1 & "o on ! side4 ,x is v nice if "o ( ^! w9d[s c be arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a bay1 ) or )\t a w9d[-seat4 ,9 ! latt] case1 x may s]ve ! purpose ( a cons]vatory 9 ! w9t] & a w9d[-seat 9 summ]4 ,! use ( l>ge quantities ( /a9$ glass 9 a sitt+-room is objectionable4 ,x is v well to h a c]ta9 am\nt ( x 9 ! upp] sa% ( "s ( ! w9d[s4 ,if ! colors are mild1 ! effect ^u ! atmosph]e ( ! room is pleasant inde$--! light com+ ?r\gh ! s(t amb] or /raw t9ts adds a mell[ness & ri*ness to ! light ( ! room1 :i* is oppos$ to ! cold] effects ( light :i* comes ?r\gh :ite glass4 ,! mantel ( ! sitt+-room may conta9 a l>ge numb] ( comp>tm5ts 9 ! =m ( small %elves1 brackets1 or cab9ets1 9 :i* may be plac$ bric--brac ( v>i\s =ms4 ,a little cab9et on ea* side ( a mantel1 ) a high door1 is a v pretty feature4 ,a mirror betwe5 ^! cab9ets gives a pleas+ effect4 ,?is mantel1 l ! "o 9 ! reception-room1 %\ld be ( wood ) tile he>? & fac+s4 ,if ?is room is pla/]$ 9 a gray f9i%1 ! walls may be t9t$ 9 fresco colors1 &1 if desir$1 c]ta9 p>ts ( x ornam5t$ by /5cill+ or o!rwise4 ,unless ?is ornam5tal "w is done by an arti/ ( recogniz$ ability1 x %\ld be ( ! simple/ "*4 ,"o or two simple l9es1 or a s]ies ( %ort da%es1 is mu* bett] ?an scrawl+ figures drawn by an untra9$ h&4 ,! ord9>y fresco done by ! =eign arti/ is ! uglie/1 mo/ ungraceful "w possible4 ,9 ! l>g] cities1 !re are usually a few arti/s :o d v beautiful "w1 b ! ord9>y1 *eap1 conv5tional fresco /uff is b>b>\s4 ,pla9 t9t$ walls are pref]able to su* gl>+ mon/rosities4 ,!re is n mu* risk1 if "o is c>eful 9 ! selection ( colors2 ! "p above ! picture m\ld+ may be t9t$ diff]5tly f t bel[4 ,!re are v few p b feel !mselves compet5t to select colors = ! int]ior or ext]ior ( a h\se4 ,! fact is1 !re are v few :o c d x ) any assurance ( success4 ,x is well = ^? :o h no special tra9+ 9 ?is l9e to pursue a safe plan 9 ! selection ( t9ts = ! walls & ceil+s4 ,?is may be done by *oos+ diff]5t %ades ( ! same color = use 9 ! room4 ,say "o beg9s ) a t]ra-cotta body = ! "p bel[ ! picture m\ld4 ,t above ! m\ld+ may be a light] t]ra-cotta ) a t5d5cy to a buff4 ,!n ! ceil+ may be light] /ill1 or1 to be entirely safe "u almo/ any circum/ances1 a gray ) a lean+ t[>ds ! color ( ! wall4 ,o!r colors may be select$ 9 ! same way4 ,v light1 vivid blues h frequ5tly be5 select$ = ceil+s1 presumably because ( ! suppos$ resemblance to ! sky4 ,x is c]ta9ly an illogical b by no means uncommon ?\ght4 ,s(t1 undecid$ grays are mu* pleasant] to ^? ( quiet ta/es4 ,!re may be v>iations 9 x accord+ to ! "* ( ! wall decorations & surr\nd+s4 ,if "o )\t special k wi%es some?+ m ambiti\s1 he %\ld consult "s "o ( ackn[l$g$ ability 9 ?is p>ticul> l9e4 ,"o _c af=d to try exp]im5ts4 ,extremely beautiful wall decorations are to be _h 9 wall-pap]+s1 &1 :ile r exp5sive1 are entirely satisfactory if c>efully select$4 ,v little m may be said ab\t ! sitt+-room1 except+ to call to m9d t a great deal dep5ds ^u ! fitt+s & furni%+s ( ! room1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be gl>+ or ri*4 ,! quality ( ev]y?+ may be ( ! f9e/ & be/1 yet ?is room %\ld ess5tially be quiet] 9 tone ?an ! reception-hall or p>lor1 or ev5 d9+-room1 :i* are n 9 con/ant use4 ,any?+ :i* is ri* & 9 any way approa*es ! gorge\s is we>isome1 & directly oppos$ to ! idea ( a sitt+-room4 ,! p>lor may be m]ely a reception-room1--a room :]e a lady may receive h] call]s 9 ! aft]noon1 or ! m =mal calls ( ladies & g5tlem5 9 ! ev5+1 or x may be "o room 9 addition to ! o!rs 9 ! l[] "p ( ! h\se4 ,x may be ! room :i* adds capacity to ! l[] floor dur+ times ( g5]al ent]ta9+4 ,9 "s cases1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! p>lor is m]ely us$ z a reception-room1 x ne$ n be l>ge4 ,9 su* a case x is m]ely a place sep>at$ f ! sitt+-room1 & 9 :i* to g = ! purpose ( receiv+ fri5ds 9 a room some:at remov$ f ! slight confusion :i* may legitimately belong to a sitt+-room4 ,! p>lor is made di/9ctive 9 its appe>ance f ! sitt+-room by its furni%+s4 ,x is n usual to h any great diff]5ce 9 ! design ( ! wood-"w 9 ! diff]5t rooms ( ! l[] floor4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! doors are ( ! same design1 & likewise ! cas+s1 base1 etc4 ,! p>lor belongs p>ticul>ly to ! society life ( ! occupants ( ! h\se4 ,x is n g5]ally a family room4 ,x is remov$ f ! ord9>y home life except 9 s f> z ! g5]al social conditions draw all toge!r4 ,! p>lor1 9 its connection ) ! liv+-rooms ( ! h\se1 & ! h\se itself1 is entirely legitimate4 ,!re is a good deal ( sne]+ at ! old p>lor idea4 ,?is feel+ has its orig9 9 ! memory ( ! p>lors ( a few ye>s ago1--^? :i* conta9$ ! "o ,brussels c>pet1 cov]$ ) r$ & gre5 fl[]s1 furni%$ ) black hair-clo? furniture1 *airs arrang$ ar\nd ! wall 9 milit>y /yle1 a s(a--/iff ( back & comm&+ an attitude--9 a mo/ conspicu\s position2 walls cov]$ ) co>se-figur$1 gilt pap]1 & r5d]$ m (f5sive by *eap1 family portraits 9 oil1 & elaborately fram$ *romos4 ,! p>lor ( to-day is /ill a =mal room2 x does n greatly diff] f ! old] "o 9 idea2 x is ! execution ( ! idea :i* has *ang$4 ,!re is a great] ref9em5t 9 all ! details2 !re is an arti/ic _s :i* p]vades ev]y?+4 ,!re is h>mony ( color1 quietness 9 tone4 ,! pictures are ( a diff]5t "*4 ,! furniture is graceful & com=table4 ,x is r>ely sep>at$ f ! o!r "p ( ! h\se4 ,! doors lead+ into x are ne>ly always op54 ,(t5times !re are only portires ( tape/ry or lace to sep>ate ?is room f ! o!rs :i* lead to x4 ,x is a room :i* is made necess>y by ! social life ( ! "t4 ,! ideal p>lor is a long room1--a l>ge room4 ,x is long 9 proportion to its wid?4 ,sometimes !re is an ar*way ne> ! middle1 :i* sugge/s ! division ( ! room into two p>ts4 ,!re is a mirror at ! end1 &1 l5d+ dignity to ! room1 !re is ! hall or libr>y at "o side4 ,by its size1 its arrangem5t1 its dignity1 x is inspir+ to a cong5ial company4 ,?is is ! ideal p>lor1 & ! "o ( :i* ! vulg>ly furni%$ p>lor ( a few ye>s ago 0 a corruption4 ,! ideal p>lor is %[n 9 its complete/ orig9al =m 9 "s ( ! old mansions ( ! ,ea/ & ,s\?4 ,"s ( ! old ,virg9ia & ,m>yl& h\ses c>ry out ?is idea 9 ! complete/ way4 ,9 ,nat*ez1 ,miss41 are h\ses built long be=e ! w>1 & design$ by ! ,fr5* ar*itects1 :i* conta9 p>lors ( spl5did proportions & mo/ arti/ic details4 ,^! 7 design$ 9 ! pure/ classic ar*itecture4 ,! ceil+s 7 high1 ! pa9t+s ri*4 ,all ?is is some:at remov$ f ! common idea ( a p>lor z c>ri$ out at ?is "t4 ,h[ev]1 x is a pleasant ?+ to look back ^u1 or1 :5 ! opportunity & means are at h&1 a prop] ?+ to enjoy 9 ! reality4 ,! libr>y1 z n[ und]/ood1 is1 9 ! ord9>y h\se1 a room = books1 pap]s1 & magaz9es1 9 :i* ! memb]s ( ! family may ga!r1 :o h use = t :i* x conta9s4 ,x %\ld be a room :i* may be isolat$ f ! o!r p>ts ( ! h\se2 a room 9 :i* "o may /udy or read or write1 & h ! quiet :i* belongs to su* occupations4 ,a room :i* may be us$ z a passage f "o "p ( ! h\se to ano!r _c be dignifi$ by ! "n ( libr>y4 ,9 su* a room !re mu/ be quiet4 ,!re are v few homes to :i* su* a room w\ld n be a mat]ial & practical addition4 ,!re are times :5 ne>ly e "o desires ! quiet & fre$om f int]ruption :i* a room ( ?is k9d af=ds4 ,x ne$ n be a l>ge room1 b %\ld conta9 all ( ! p>aph]nalia ( "w3 a desk1 conv5i5tly arrang$1 book%elves :i* are readily accessible1 possibly portfolios arrang$ along ! walls1 draw]s ) prop] comp>tm5ts1 cases = circul>s & catalogues1 & o!r places = ?+s4 ,! nice/ ?+ ab\t book-cases is ! books4 ,ornam5tal glass doors & ri* trapp+s add no?+ to ! beauty ( ! libr>y4 ,p :o make l>ge use ( books d n c>e to h !m protect$ by glass cases4 ,! o!r furni%+s & fitt+s ( a libr>y %\ld be quiet 9 tone1 ! *airs easy b n ri*1 ! c>pet ( a neutral color1 ! wall decorations pref]ably )\t figur$ outl9es1 ! pictures small & quiet4 ,slid+ doors betwe5 ! libr>y & any o!r room ( ! h\se are n to be consid]$4 ,close-fitt+ doors on h+es are prop]4 ,!y exclude ! s\nd4 ,slid+ doors p]mit ! ready passage ( s\nd1 = ! reason t !y are m or less op5 at top1 bottom1 middle1 & sides4 ,a l[ ceil+ 9 a libr>y adds to ! quiet & re/ful effect4 ,"o may h a l[ ceil+ 9 a libr>y1 ev5 if !y are high] 9 o!r rooms1 by /udd+ d[n f above1--t is1 putt+ 9 a false ceil+4 ,! exp5se is light inde$1 & by su* means additional protection f ! s\nds above may be af=d$4 ,! d9+-room1 9 _m h\ses1 is ! room 9 :i* ! entire family is ga!r$1 p]haps = ! only "t dur+ ! day4 ,9 ?is s5se x is an assembly room4 ,!re is 9 ?is busy c\ntry a gr[+ respect = ! social value ( ! d9+-room4 ,9 ! family meet+s at ! table1 !re may be an int]*ange ( exp]i5ces t does n occur at o!r times1 = ! reason t !re is no opportunity = x4 ,aft] ! meals ! memb]s ( ! family g to _! v>i\s occupations1 & probably d n come toge!r until ano!r meal4 ,^! facts may be consid]$ 9 ! plann+ ( a d9+-room4 ,we h ?\ght ( ?is room be=e 9 its me*anical s5se2 we h look$ at x ?r\gh h\sekeep+ eyes4 ,we h n[ to consid] its arti/ic & social features4 ,we look at x z "o ( ! family rooms4 ,x has its %ape or proportion sugge/$ to x f ! table4 ,x is oblong4 ,! light com+ into x %\ld be ample1 b subdu$ 9 tone4 ,x is pleasant1 z "o ent]s a d9+-room1 to come into full view ( a sidebo>d :i* is decorat$ ) t :i* belongs to ?is room 9 a utilit>ian way--its *9a1 cut glass1 & beautiful l951 ?an :i* no?+ c be m attractive4 ,x is a pleasant ?+ to h a cons]vatory atta*$ to "o side or at a corn] ( ! d9+-room4 ,! odor ( fl[]s or plants may n be agreeable con/antly 9 a sitt+-room4 ,! p]iodical occupation ( ! d9+-room makes ?is pleasant r ?an o!rwise4 ,mo/ ( ! plans :i* are %[n w admit ( ! plac+ ( a cons]vatory 9 connection ) ! d9+-room 9 ! mann] indicat$4 ,! old ,engli% d9+-room 0 l>ge 9 its g5]al proportions1 & heavy & ri* z to its details2 x 0 s l>ge & impressive t !re 0 an (f%oot :i* took =m 9 a breakfa/-room4 ,9 our homes at ?is "t we h ! compromise4 ,our habits ( liv+ d n dem& ! breakfa/-room3 all come to breakfa/ toge!r1 & ! requirem5t is ! same z = o!r meals4 ,:]e "o wi%es to h a wood ceil+ panell$ or ) decorat$ beams1 ! d9+-room1 or ! hall connect+ ) x1 may be *os5 z ! prop] place to be treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,:]e exp5se is n a great object1 x is agreeable to h a l>ge "p ( ! walls f9i%$ 9 wood4 ,a wood f9i% "o-half to two-?irds ! height ( ! wall1 & a ceil+ ( wood above1 ) ! int]v5+ space f9i%$ 9 r\gh1 t9t$ pla/]1 gives a v pleas+ effect4 ,project+ f ! top ( ! wood wall-f9i% may be a little %elf ext5d+1 say1 five in*es beyond ! wall4 ,x may h a simple m\ld$ edge4 ,9 ! top may be cut grooves2 on ! "u edge may be arrang$1 at regul> int]vals1 cup hooks1 :i* may be us$ 9 "p = susp5d+ *9a1 or1 ^u c]ta9 occasions1 z a means ( secur+ floral decorations--say1 a little tra9 ( ivy or smilax4 ,on ! upp] "p ( ! %elf are plac$ pieces ( *9a4 ,?is %elf may be plac$ 9 any d9+-room2 if n ar\nd ! entire room1 betwe5 two w9d[s1 or betwe5 ! *imney brea/ & ! adjac5t wall4 ,six feet f ! floor is a good height4 ,if x is n ov]load$1 or if ! idea is n g5]ally ov]work$1 ! effect w be v satisfactory4 ,! color+ ( a d9+-room may be a little heavi] & ri*] ?an t ( ! o!r rooms4 ,a v pretty feature :i* maybe introduc$ 9 a room ( ?is k9d is a *9a-closet1 :i* op5s into ! d9+-room z well z into ! *9a-room adjo9+4 ,! d9+-room side ( ! *9a-closet %\ld be glaz$ ) cle> glass above its l[] section1 & ! *9a-room or back side ( ! *9a-closet %\ld be glaz$ ) ca!dral glass ( a semi-transp>5t "*4 ,!re are doors on h+es on ea* side4 ,! draw]s 9 ! l[] "p1 if provid$1 op5 f bo? sides4 ,if doors are us$ !y %\ld be arrang$ 9 ! same way1 s t ! l[] %elves may be approa*$ f bo? d9+-room & *9a-room4 ,! glass door on ! d9+-room side %\ld n come d[n to ! %elf at ! top ( ! l[] section1 b %\ld be arrang$ to leave an op5 space1 z is indicat$ 9 ! *apt] on kit*5s & pantries4 ,h[ev]1 ! doors on ! *9a-room side ( ?is closet %\ld come d[n1 s z to cut (f communication betwe5 d9+-room & *9a-room at w4 ,?is space betwe5 ! upp] & l[] section ( ! *9a-closet gives space 9 :i* to set a tray1 &1 by op5+ a door on ! back1 x acts z a slide betwe5 ! *9a-room & d9+-room4 ,?is arrangem5t is n only v beautiful1 b v useful4 ,see *9a-closet plan ,fig4 #e1 page #df4 ,! cons]vatory m5tion$ does n ne$ to be 9 conv5tional cons]vatory =m1 :i* usually has *eap glaz+ & (t5 common wood-"w1 b may be a bay-w9d[ ) m ?an an ord9>y am\nt ( glass1 pref]ably plate4 ,! *amb]s & b$rooms1 9 _! ideal =m ( arrangem5t1 h an abundance ( light & sun1 ample means = v5tilation1 & a great] air ( re/fulness & air9ess ?an ! rooms bel[4 ,! c>pets are 9 light] t9ts1 ! walls m ne>ly :ite1 ! w9d[s n s heavily drap$1 ! pictures & frames ( a light] "*1 ! *airs n s heavy z ^? ( ! o!r rooms4 ,f a *amb] x is sometimes desirable to h a bay w9d[ project+ f side or front4 ,x adds to ! availability ( ! o!r floor space1 af=ds additional light & v5tilation4 ,no?+ c be nic] ?an a grate fire 9 a b$room4 ,x %\ld be surr\nd$ ) a wood mantel1 ) tile fac+ & he>?4 ,above ! mantel x is useful to h a %ort plate-glass mirror4 ,a dress+-case takes its prop] place on ! side wall betwe5 two w9d[s1 or 9 a corn] ) a w9d[ 9 ea* wall adjac5t to x4 ,b$rooms are1 = ! mo/ "p1 light$ ) brackets r ?an c5tral lights4 ,:5 atta9able1 a small dress+-room adds to ! attractiv5ess ( a *amb]4 ,9 "s h\ses !re may be an alcove1 a bay w9d[1 a w9d[-seat1 a cons]vatory1 or some?+ ( ?is k9d1 f e pr9cipal room4 ,^! are features :i* add to ! beauty & attractiv5ess ( ! h\se4 ,:ile all ( ^! ?+s are n possible 9 e home1 "s "o or two ( !m may be atta9able4 ,9 m5tion+ ! v>i\s details :i* g to make ! beauty ( a h\se1 x is 9 m9d t all ^! features c be tak5 into acc\nt 9 b a v small proportion ( all ! h\ses t are built1 yet "s "o or m ( !m may be us$ 9 e h\se1 & !reby add to its attractiv5ess4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,ext]nal ,,& ,,int]nal ,,design4--,,an ,,old ,,topic ,,be=e ,,! ,,p4--,,! ,,ar*itectural ,,/ud5t',s ,,dream4--,a ,,beautiful ,,home ,,! ,,h\sekeep]',s ,,ambition4--,,x ,,co/s ,,no ,,m ,,to ,,h ,a ,,h\se ,,beautiful ,,?an ,,ugly4--,,ar*itectural ,,education4--,,*>les ,,ea/lake',s ,,book4--,,vulg> ,,ar*itectural ,,revivals4--,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,idea4--,,beauty ,a ,,matt] ,,( ,,ref9em5t4 ,x (t5 happ5s :5 "o gives especial att5tion to a p>ticul> bran* ( a subject 8 neglect 9 o!r l9es is measur$ by ! dep? ( 8 att5tion to ! p>ticul> bran*4 ,matt]s :i* h to d ) ! utilit>ian features ( h\se-build+ are consid]$ 9 ?is "w mu* m fully 9 ! text1 ?an has ! appe>ance ( ! build+s4 ,x is desir$ t ?is fact w n lead any "o to believe t matt]s relat+ to ! appe>ance ( ! ext]ior h be5 neglect$4 ,dome/ic ar*itecture is an old topic be=e ! p4 ,x is old 9 :at has be5 said 9 reg>d to ! appe>ance ( ! build+s4 ,! subject1 z a sci5ce to ! ar*itect1 is new :5 consid]$ f ! /&po9t ( conv5i5ce4 ,! ar*itectural /ud5t's dream is n ( kit*5s1 pantries1 closets1 conv5i5t & economical arrangem5ts ( floor space1 b is pr9cipally ( l>ge public build+s1 libr>ies1 c\rt-h\ses1 & ca!drals4 ,:5 he desc5ds to dwell+-h\ses1 x is ( some?+ unique1 or odd1--some?+ t is pretty or ri*4 ,:5 x relates to details1 x is hallways t are peculi> 9 _! beauty1 p>lors & sitt+-rooms t are full ( odd conceits4 ,!re has be5 a t5d5cy t[>d /range ?+s dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,matt]s ( ?is k9d h f$ ! fancy ( _m ar*itects4 ,! h\sekeep] has be5 neglect$4 ,no?+ attracts m att5tion ?an a beautiful h\se4 ,x is a pleasure to e "o4 ,x is z important to h a h\se beautiful z x is t x %\ld be conv5i5t4 ,! same education & ?\ghtfulness t w enable an ar*itect to design a conv5i5t h\se w make x beautiful4 ,no "o c be consci5ti\s 9 ! consid]ation ( ! com=t ( ! h\sekeep] & neglect ! smalle/ detail lead+ to ! beauty ( ! h\se4 ,! h\sekeep] lives 9 ! hope ( hav+ a beautiful home4 ,x has be5 ! purpose1 9 writ+ ?is book1 to be> all ?is 9 m9d1 & to add ! elem5t ( conv5i5ce to :at has be5 said & done by o!rs t[>d mak+ beautiful h\ses4 ,x co/s no m to h a h\se beautiful ?an to h x ugly4 ,beauty1 l conv5i5ce1 is l>gely a matt] ( ?\ghtfulness & education4 ,! only excuse = ugl9ess 9 h\se-build+ is ignorance4 ,! /ud5t ( ar*itecture has _h a great deal done = him4 ,&1 9 consid]+ t :i* has to d ) appe>ance1 he has only to accept ! advantages ( ! be/ ar*itectural s*ools & (fices4 ,)\t ^! he _c expect to succe$4 ,to be a design] ( beautiful h\ses1 "o mu/ h _h ! same special tra9+ & advantages t are necess>y = success 9 o!r l9es ( pr(essional "w4 ,a physician mu/ "k ! hi/ory ( 8 pr(ession1 aside f ! m =mal k :i* leads him ?r\gh 8 practice4 ,x is ! same way ) ! /ud5t ( ar*itecture4 ,! successful design] ( a small cottage w d bett] f hav+ a k ( ! hi/ory ( e>ly ar*itecture4 ,su* a k is indisp5sable1 9 ord] to rea* ! be/ results4 ,"o :o has made a /udy ( ,greek ar*itecture is mu* bett] equipp$ to design a beautiful l[-co/ cottage1 ( f\r or five rooms1 ?an "o :o has n avail$ himself ( ^! advantages4 ,he w make a bett] h\se = ! same money4 ,he w d bett] "w ) simpl] means4 ,to take ano!r illu/ration3 ,we may suppose t an ar*itect has a por* to design1 & t ! own] ( ! h\se does n h a great deal ( money to put 9 x4 ,!re are f\r turn$ columns1 a cornice1 ) a raft] f9i%1 & und]nea?1 a space 9 :i* may be ins]t$ a small b& ( inexp5sive scroll-"w4 ,a k ( ! e>li] ar*itecture comes to 8 assi/ance 9 a wond]ful way4 ,= ! turn+ on ! columns ! ar*itect may select t f a column ( ! e>ly ,engli% ,go?ic ar*itecture ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,^! are simple pr(iles1 :i* c be turn$ at no great] co/1 if ! draw+ is furni%$1 ?an "s crude1 mod]n inv5tion ( ! turn] or an un$ucat$ design]4 ,= ! jig or scroll saw "w1 he c arrange figures f "s ( ! e>li] ornam5tal =ms ( ! same p]iod1 & by draw+ !m full size ! scroll-sawy] c reproduce a beautiful design1 :i* has a hi/ory1 ) no m labor ?an he w\ld give "s corrupt$ design :i* has filt]$ ?r\gh ! m9ds ( c>eless h\se-build]s4 ,= 8 raft] feet1 ?is design] w h no difficulty 9 recall+ "s simple =m :i* has _h a ref9$ developm5t4 ,?is same l9e ( proc$ure c be foll[$ 9 all details ( h\se-build+1 & n add "o doll> to ! co/ ( ! /ructure4 ,at ! same "t x br+s ab\t mo/ beautiful results1--! results ( successful exp]i5ce4 ,x may be said aga9 t x takes no m money to make a beautiful detail--"o :i* has be5 ! developm5t ( exp]i5ce & ref9em5t--?an x does some?+ :i* is clumsy & co>se4 ,x requires1 h[ev]1 a k ( :at has be5 done1--a k ( ! hi/ory ( design4 ,x requires ! faculty ( us+ intellig5tly ! results ( ! pa/1 n m]ely z !y orig9ally exi/$1 b 9 _! adaptation to ! wants & conditions ( ! pres5t4 ,sev]al ye>s ago ,mr4 ,*>les ,ea/lake wrote a book entitl$ ,h9ts on ,h\sehold ,ta/e4 ,! book accompli%$ a great deal1 by m]ely lead+ p to ?9k4 ,to ?is day !re are a great _m ar*itectural features :i*1 9 ! build]'s p>lance1 g "u ! "n ( ,ea/lake designs4 ,!re are s-call$ ,ea/lake doors1 ,ea/lake frames1 etc4 ,9 tru?1 ,mr4 ,ea/lake _h little to say ab\t ar*itecture 9 a di/9ctive s5se1 & _m evil ?+s h be5 p]petrat$ 9 8 "n4 ,! be/ ?+ t ,mr4 ,ea/lake did 0 to tea* p t ! furniture & o!r ?+s :i* !y _h ar\nd !m c\ld be beautiful & n exp5sive4 ,t x 0 n necess>y to h a *air or a piece ( wood-"w load$ d[n ) some?+ call$ ornam5t1 9 ord] to be beautiful4 ,aft] ?is p lo/ confid5ce 9 ! furniture manufactur]1 & did n dep5d solely on ! price ( 8 w>es z a measure ( _! elegance or attractiv5ess4 ,?is 0 ! sole "w ( ,*>les ,ea/lake1 ) ! masses ( ! p4 ,he 0 a mission>y 9 8 way4 ,a man ( no p>ticul> k 9 reg>d to ar*itecture or design1 yet "o :o 0 ! means ( do+ a great deal = ar*itecture4 ,he taught p to look = beauty 9 simple ?+s4 ,aft] a "t came a c]ta9 some?+ 9 dome/ic ar*itecture :i* 0 designat$ z ! ,que5-,anne /yle4 ,we all "k :at x is1 yet x is difficult to describe4 ,! v]itable ,que5-,anne ar*itecture meant some?+2 ! ,que5-,anne ar*itecture ( a few ye>s ago meant any?+--p>ticul>ly some?+ t 0 po9t$1 erratic1 & unusual4 ,x1 h[ev]1 did a good "w4 ,x enabl$ ! ar*itects to get out ( ! old beat5 pa?s4 ,a great _m beautiful h\ses 7 built1 :i*1 by ! public1 7 said to be 9 ?is /yle4 ,! "n ,que5 ,anne 0 ! vehicle = ! passage f an old cons]vatism1 :i* _h to d only ) ! commonplace1 to some?+ :i* 0 fre% & attractive4 ,9 ?is way a great _m beautiful h\ses 7 built dur+ ?is s-call$ ,que5-,anne revival4 ,m rec5tly !re has be5 a movem5t t[>d ! revival ( ! old colonial ar*itecture--a /yle t 0 develop$ by a class ( educat$ build]s among ! e>li] settl]s ( ?is c\ntry4 ,_! k 0 p>ticul>ly ( classic ar*itecture ( ! p]iod ( ! ,italian r5aissance4 ,a great _m /range & unusual ?+s are be+ p]petrat$ 9 ! "n ( old colonial ar*itecture at ?is "t4 ,at ! same "t1 a great deal t is beautiful & ref9$ is be+ built 9 ?is /yle4 ,9 ! "w ( ! v rec5t p]iod :i* has to d ) ?is ar*itecture1 "o may f9d a great deal ( enc\ragem5t4 ,x %[s a decid$ re-action f ! extravagant crud5ess ( ! s-call$ ,que5-,anne ar*itecture1 & 9 ! end we w rea* some?+ t is rational & beautiful4 ,?us x is to be se5 t1 9 :atev] l9es ar*itecture is mov+1 we %all f9d good "w2 t x is n s mu* ! /yle t x is nam$1 z ! res\rces ( ! design]3 res\rces :i* h to d ) 8 education1 & 8 disposition to select t :i* is f9e & beautiful--! s5se :i* leads him to discrim9ate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure ,b4 ,,plans ,,( ,,fifty ,,conv5i5t ,,h\ses4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,evolution ,,( ,a ,,h\se-,,plan4--,,respectable ,,dim5sions ,,= ,a ,,mod]ate ,,price4--,,six ,,plans4--,,co/s1 ,,f #a1ejj ,,to #b1fjj4 ,! numb] ( times t a h\se has be5 built indicates ! popul>ity ( ! plan4 ,plan ,no4 #a1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 has be5 us$ (t5] ?an any o!r 9 ! book4 ,plans ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #c are m frequ5tly select$ by p :o d n keep a s]vant4 ,?is arrangem5t makes a compact & l[-co/ h\se4 ,!re is a por* ov] :i* ! small front b$room ext5ds on ! second /ory4 ,9 ,plan ,no4 #a ! hall is sev5 & "o-half by t5 feet4 ,!re is a corn] grate = ! liv+-room & ! p>lor4 ,a /ove might be us$ 9 ! d9+-room 9 a way to mod]ate ! temp]ature ( ! entire l[] floor4 ,!re is "o v l>ge w9d[ op5+ into ! d9+-room4 ,x is a v pleas+ ?+ to h ! upp] sa% ( ! d9+-room glaz$ ) simple colors ( ca!dral glass4 ,?is glass gives a v pleasant tone to ! light ( ! room1 &1 at ! same "t1 excludes ! hot rays ( ! sun 9 summ]4 ,x is possible to disp5se ) outside %utt]s :5 ca!dral glass is us$ 9 ! upp] sa%es4 ,a metal rod runn+ across ! w9d[ on ! inside1 on a level ) ! horizontal divid+-rail ( ! w9d[1 may be made to c>ry curta9s :i* w exclude ! view f ! outside4 ,?us1 9 ! glass1 & by ! aid ( ! curta9s1 we h mu* t might be expect$ f ! %utt]s4 ,!re is a *9a-pantry betwe5 ! kit*5 & d9+-room4 ,x is light$ by a small w9d[ at "o side4 ,x s]ves z a passageway betwe5 ^! two rooms1 & ?us keeps ! odor ( ! cook+ f ! front "p ( ! h\se4 ,! pa/ry pantry is imm$iately back ( ! *9a-pantry1 & is ent]$ f ! kit*54 ,x is also provid$ ) a small w9d[4 ,9 ! kit*5 is a s9k ) a sw++ table at "o side1 & room = a portable table on ! o!r4 ,at "o side ( ! s9k may be ! ci/]n-pump1 & on ! o!r side ! well-pump4 ,x %\ld be plac$ back aga9/ ! wall1 & ) h&les t are well out ( ! way :5 n 9 use4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #a4 ,x is entirely unnecess>y to place ! pumps 9 ! y>ds ( l[-co/ h\ses1 z is s common4 ,if a driv5 well is us$1 x c\ld be driv5 s z to be next to ! kit*5 s9k4 ,if x is a dug well1 x may be plac$ on ! outside1 & connect$ ?r\gh lead pipes ) ! s9k on ! inside4 ,! ci/]n may be connect$ 9 ! same way4 ,! entrance to ! cell> /airs is conv5i5tly plac$ 9 "o corn] ( ! kit*54 ,! cell> itself is "u ! sitt+-room4 ,! side-por* is l>ge en\gh to be us$ z a summ] kit*54 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #b4 ,x is to be notic$ t !re is no wa/e room 9 ! up/airs hall4 ,!re is m]ely wall space en\gh to admit ( doors lead+ into ! v>i\s rooms4 ,!re is a small w9d[ :i* lights ?is hall2 ! w9d[ may be rea*$ = clean+ f ! /airway4 ,?is plan illu/rates z cle>ly z possible ! advantage ( hav+ ! ma9 /airway l& 9 ! middle ( ! h\se4 ,!re is no bett] way to economical use ( space4 ,f ! second-floor hall !re is a /airway lead+ to ! attic4 ,?is passage is light$ 9 ! same way z ! second-floor hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #c4 ,x may be said t ! b$rooms ( ?is h\se are n l>ge4 ,! h\se is n l>ge4 ,! problem involv$ a l[-co/1 roomy h\se4 ,we get a l>ge numb] ( rooms )9 a small enclosure1 &1 necess>ily1 "s ( !m are small4 ,x is to be borne 9 m9d1 h[ev]1 t ! value ( a room is n dep5d5t ^u its size4 ,a room may be ( respectable dim5sions1 b yet n h ! necess>y wall space = ! furniture4 ,su* a room w\ld n be z satisfactory z a small] "o1 _h c>e be5 tak5 to provide ?is space4 ,9 ea* b$room !re %\ld be space = a b$1 a wa%-/&1 & a dress+-case4 ,! latt] %\ld be ne> a w9d[4 ,x w be f\nd t !re is room = su* furniture 9 ea* ( ! b$rooms %[n on ?is plan4 ,all are provid$ ) ample closets4 ,9 "o ( ^! h\ses :i* 0 built1 !re 0 a door betwe5 ! b$room 9 front & ! *amb]4 ,9 ano!r case1 !re 0 a door connect+ ! two l>g] rooms4 ,all ^! ?+s are matt]s ( p]sonal pref]5ce1 or special family requirem5ts1 dep5d+ ^u ! age & numb] ( ! *ildr51 & o!r family conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #d4 ,plan ,no4 #b is simil> to ,no4 #a1 except+ t !re are a few *anges 9 detail4 ,! rooms are small]2 ! hall is relatively %ort]2 x illu/rates ! process ( contraction4 ,no4 #c is simil> to ,no4 #b1 except+ t x has a front z well z a re> /airway1 & ! position ( ! d9+-room is *ang$4 ,no4 #d is a developm5t ( ! same class ( plans4 ,!re are ! front & ! re> /airways1 also a ba?-room ov] ! kit*51 & a s]vant's room4 ,! dott$ l9es runn+ ?r\gh ! little b$room on ! second floor indicate ! position ( a hall1 :i* may be con/ruct$ connect+ ! front & re> "p ( ?is h\se4 ,z w be notic$1 ?is is a n9e-room h\se 9 a v economical =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #e4 ,plan ,no4 #e is a fur!r developm5t & improvem5t ( ! same idea4 ,! objection t "o may raise to any ( ! plans j describ$ is1 t "o has to pass ?r\gh ! p>lor1 or ! room 9 ! re> ( ! hall1 to rea* ! room back ( ! p>lor4 ,plan ,no4 #e solves ?is problem4 ,f ! hall we c g into ! liv+-room1 ! d9+-room or p>lor1 )\t pass+ ?r\gh ano!r room4 ,! second floor is an improvem5t ov] ,no4 #d1 9 t ! little b$room 9 ! re> is enl>g$ by all[+ x to project ov] ! room bel[ ! wid? ( ! hall4 ,9 ! re> ( ?is comes ! ba?-room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #aj4 ,z to co/4 ,! build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 on ! basis outl9$ 9 s*$ule ,b1 w\ld co/ z foll[s3-- ,plan ,no4 #a1 #a1gjj2 ,no4 #b1 #a1eej2 ,no4 #c1 #a1eej2 ,no4 #d1 #a1hjj2 ,no4 #e1 #a1ijj4 ,figures #h & #i are elevations suit$ to ^! plans4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #f ,plan ,no4 #f _h its orig9 9 ,plan ,no4 #a1 & 0 develop$ ?r\gh ! successive /ages indicat$ 9 ! description ( plans f #a to #e inclusive4 ,! position ( ! grate-/ack has be5 *ang$1 s t x acts = ! reception-hall on "o side1 & ! p>lor on ! o!r4 ,! reception-hall1 in/ead ( rec$+1 projects4 ,9 "o corn] !re( is arrang$ a ve/ibule1 p>tition$ f ! re/ ( ! rooms by ornam5tal fret-"w back$ ) curta9s4 ,?is w make a v beautiful feature4 ,x *anges ?is hall into a room4 ,f "h we may pass to ! p>lor1 sitt+-room1 & d9+-room4 ,9 ! re> ( ! sitt+-room is a por*2 at "o side1 a project+ w9d[-seat4 ,! sitt+-room closet is cut (f f ! pantry4 ,! d9+-room is connect$ ) ! sitt+-room by slid+-doors4 ,a conv5i5t *9a-closet connects ! d9+-room & kit*54 ,on "o side ( ! *9a-room are arrang$ draw]s4 ,"u ! *9a-closet prop] are %elves enclos$ by panell$ doors2 ! *9a-%elves above be+ protect$ by glass doors1 accord+ to ! g5]al ideas previ\sly express$ :5 consid]+ ! *9a-closet 9 p>ticul>4 ,! kit*5 is ! same z o!rs1 :i* are describ$ else:]e 9 a m detail$ way4 ,!re is a laundry 9 ! basem5t1 & an outside cell>-way connect+ ) ! back y>d4 ,! inside cell>-way is %[n4 ,! next door is t :i* leads to ! second floor4 ,!re are five b$rooms on ?is floor4 ,! elevation ( ?is h\se is %[n 9 ,fig4 ,no4 #aa4 ,! build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 accord+ to s*$ule ,b1 co/s #b1fjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i ,elevations ,nos4 #a & #b indicate a simple =m ( ext]ior1 :i* may g ) ei!r ( ^! plans except+ ,no4 #c4 ,! photographic view1 ,fig4 ,no4 #aj1 %[s an ext]ior ( ,no4 #a1 z built at "o "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,a ,,small ,,pocket-,,book ,,& ,a ,,l>ge ,,idea4--,,ambition1 ,,doll>s1 ,,& ,a ,,good ,,h\se4--,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,h\sekeep]',s ,,ideas4--,,po9ts ,,ab\t ,,! ,,h\se4--#b1ijj4 ,x is frequ5tly said ( ^? :o w\ld build1 t _! ideas are l>g] ?an _! pocket-books4 ,x is c]ta9ly n discr$itable to any "o t 8 ideas %\ld be l>g] ?an 8 imm$iate res\rces4 ,su* a condition causes ! enl>gem5t ( ! individual & 8 pocket-book at ! same "t4 ,! man :o says t he wants two ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( h\se does n get z mu* = 8 money z he :o 9 effect says1 ,i want ?ree ?\s& doll>s' wor? ( h\se = two ?\s& doll>s4 ,! latt] is an ambiti\s man2 ! =m] has only a little ambition4 ,he m]ely wants a h\se4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re are few su* p4 ,x is m likely to happ5 t a man & 8 wife1 :o h work$ h>d = sev]al ye>s1 get en\gh money toge!r to build a home1 & x is possible t ?is home has be5 talk$ ab\t = sev]al ye>s previ\s to _! build+4 ,9 fact1 !y h be5 educat+ !mselves 9 h\se-build+4 ,!y h acqua9t$ !mselves ) all ( ! mod]n conv5i5ces4 ,!y h /udi$ por*es1 ve/ibules1 & /airways2 !y "k h[ _m rooms !y want on ! fir/ floor & ! b$rooms t !y w h above4 ,at fir/ ?is h\se pres5ts itself 9 a v crude =m2 b 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! plan %[s itself m cle>ly to !m4 ,!y beg9 to place ! furniture 9 ! imag9>y rooms1 & z !y d ?is _! ideas enl>ge4 ,!y add at fir/ in*es1 & !n feet1 to ! size ( ! v>i\s rooms4 ,at fir/ _! ideas ( a kit*5 7 q mod]ate2 9 "t a s9k beg9s to assume c]ta9 vague outl9es1 !n x takes def9ite =m on "o side ( ! room2 !n a pump is plac$ beside x2 aft]w>d ! wife says1 ,h[ nice x w\ld be if we c\ld h a hot-wat] faucet ov] ! s9k4 ,at fir/ !y %ake _! heads & say t x w\ld co/ too mu*2 b 9 ! c\rse ( a few ev5+s' talk on ?is & k9dr$ subjects1 !y come to ! conclusion t if ! hot-wat] arrangem5ts d n co/ too mu*1 !y w h !m2 & t z ?+s are s mu* *eap] ?an !y us$ to be1 !y c]ta9ly ought to get all ( ^! = ab\t :at !y orig9ally expect$ to pay = ! h\se4 ,_! ideas h be5 ( sl[ gr[?1 b cont9u\s1 & 9 ! aggregate ! gr[? has be5 great4 ,dur+ all ! w9t] mon?s1 previ\s to ! "t :5 !y w\ld build 9 ! spr+1 _m sket*es are made1 ( ! floor-plans ( ! h\se t is to be4 ,f9ally ! net result is h&$ to a build] or an ar*itect1--m frequ5tly ! =m]1 z mo/ small h\ses are built )\t pr(essional s]vice4 ,! figures f ! build] come 91 & are v mu* high] ?an 0 expect$4 ,x is q a %ock1 = c]ta9ly !re is no?+ !re t !y c well d )\t4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 ?\ght ( s mu*4 ,no?+ t _! plan conta9s appe>s to !m to be less ?an a matt] ( necessity4 ,o!r build]s are ask$ to figure ) results little m satisfactory4 ,9 ! end !re mu/ be a compromise2 ! build] & ! own] bo? yield1 &1 z a result1 a v satisfactory h\se is built4 ,!re are little ?+s :i* !y w\ld h diff]5t1 b1 9 ! ma91 ! h\se is satisfactory4 ,?is is ! univ]sal exp]i5ce1 & ! effect ^u ! dome/ic ar*itecture ( ?is c\ntry has be5 v pron\nc$4 ,we c n[ get a bett] h\se = a giv5 sum ( money ?an ev] be=e4 ,bett] n only z to g5]al con/ruction1 b z well on acc\nt ( ext]nal appe>ance1 & ! conv5i5ce ( its int]nal arrangem5ts4 ,"o may get m ( :at are reg>d$ z ! little conv5i5ces1 :i* mean s mu* to ! h\sekeep]4 ,?is is n altoge!r ! result ( l[] prices ( ! mat]ial & labor :i* g to make a h\se1 b is z well on acc\nt ( ! skill :i* has be5 develop$ 9 plann+ & arrang+ build+s1 ) ref]5ce to economy 9 space1 & co/ ( g5]al con/ruction4 ,! plann+ ( h\ses has und]gone a revolution )9 a few ye>s pa/2 & in/ead ( hav+ ! long1 n>r[ halls at ! side & 9 ! middle ( a h\se1 & ! long halls & n>r[ passages ?r\gh ! upp] floor1 all ( :i* 0 ugly & inconv5i5t1 we n[ h ! same area ?r[n 9 l>ge squ>e rooms1 s z to be available4 ,x may be kn[n t *imney /acks are q exp5sive4 ,= ?is reason an ef=t has be5 made to gr\p !m1 s t !y may be made to answ] = a numb] ( rooms2 & ! success ) :i* ef=ts 9 ?is direction h be5 att5d$ has be5 wond]ful inde$4 ,! mod]n floor plan is altoge!r diff]5t f t ( ! pa/2 x is m conv5i5t & less exp5sive to build2 &1 z said be=e1 ?is is l>gely ! result ( ef=ts ( ! own]1 :o has ideas l>g] ?an 8 pocket-book1 & ! ar*itect or build]1 :o ex]cises 8 +5uity to br+ ! ideas & ! money toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #g ,plan ,no4 #g is ( an eight-room h\se1 & is fairly repres5tative ( ! ideas express$4 ,! g5]al =m1 x w be se51 is squ>e4 ,x is a two-/ory h\se ) a reception-hall1 p>lor1 d9+-room1 kit*51 *9a-closet1 pantry1 & /air-hall on ! fir/ floor2 !re are ?ree *amb]s1 ! s]vant's b$room1 ! ba?-room1 & a communicat+ hall on ! second floor4 ,! fir/ floor is t5 feet six in*es high1 & ! second1 n9e feet six in*es4 ,f ! second floor !re is a /airway go+ to ! attic1 :i* is l>ge & roomy1 & :i* may h v>i\s uses4 ,! cell> is sev5 feet high1 & is well light$ by hav+ ! joi/ set well up f ! grade l9e4 ,!re may be a laundry "h1 &1 sep>at$ f x by a door1 we may h a coal-cell> & a furnace-room4 ,z we approa* ! h\se1 !re is1 fir/1 a broad por* ab\t eight feet 9 wid?1 & f\rte5 feet 9 l5g?4 ,at a slight additional exp5se1 say fifty doll>s to sixty doll>s1 ?is por* might be ext5d$ across ! entire front4 ,be=e rea*+ ! front door1 !re is a small ve/ibule1--arrang$ ) or )\t /orm-doors1 z may be ?\ght desirable4 ,x is ! impression ( ! writ] t /orm-doors are seldom us$4 ,! di/9ctive feature ( ?is h\se is ! hall1 :i* is l>ge en\gh--?irte5 feet six in*es by fifte5 feet--to be us$ z a sitt+-room4 ,9 ! front "p ( ?is hall1 & at ! "r z we ent]1 are a w9d[-seat & a broad w9d[ 9 front & imm$iately above x2 ?is is slightly sep>at$ f ! ma9 room by ! small pila/]s or cas+s on ea* side4 ,imm$iately 9 front ( ! doorway1 !re are a grate & mantel set 9 "o corn] ( ! room4 ,!re are l>ge doorways1 five feet wide1 lead+ into ! /air-hall imm$iately back ( ?is room1 & into ! p>lor at ! left z we ent]4 ,9 ?is case !re are m]ely door op5+s1 portires or curta9s tak+ ! place ( ord9>y doors4 ,slid+-doors might be us$ 9 addition to ! curta9s1 & ?us h ! advantage ( bo? curta9s & doors4 ,f ?is room ! outl9es ( ! /air-hall & ! /airway are visible or n1 accord+ to ! arrangem5t ( ! portires4 ,!re is a side entrance into ?is hall1 & f x "o may g into ! kit*5 by pass+ ?r\gh two doors4 ,x is a good pr9ciple 9 plann+ a h\se always to h two doors betwe5 ! kit*5 & any o!r "p ( ! h\se4 ,"o door c\ld z well be us$ 9 ?is in/ance1 b a second "o is add$ to make ! isolation m complete4 ,9 ! plan "h giv51 x may be notic$ t !re are cell> /airs pass+ "u ! ma9 /airway 9 ! hall4 ,! d9+-room may be ent]$ ei!r f ! front p>lor or f ! /air-hall4 ,9 ea* case doors are us$4 ,x is always desirable to h a d9+-room s arrang$ t x may be clos$ f ! o!r p>ts ( ! h\se4 ,!re is a grate 9 ea* ( ! two pr9cipal rooms1 ! hall1 ! p>lor1 & ! d9+-room1 & all communicate ) a s+le /ack4 ,?is is mu* m economical ?an hav+ ?ree di/9ct /acks1 :i* are s frequ5tly us$ = accompli%+ ! same result4 ,! only o!r *imney /ack is 9 ! kit*54 ,! two answ] e purpose4 ,! outside corn]s ( ! d9+-room are cut (f at an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 s t ! end ( ! d9+-room pres5ts ! =m ( a l>ge bay w9d[4 ,9 ! middle space at ?is end may be plac$ ! sidebo>d1 9 :i* ev5t a w9d[ w be plac$ ov] x1--t is1 well t[>d ! ceil+4 ,! d9+-room communicates ) ! kit*5 ?r\gh a l>ge pantry1 eight feet squ>e1 or ?r\gh a slide 9 ! back ( ! *9a-closet4 ,9 ! kit*5 !re are broad w9d[s on ! two sides1 & a door lead+ into ! back y>d4 ,9 foll[+ ! /airway to ! second floor1 x w be notic$ t !re is a broad l&+ some?+ m ?an half-way up1 & t !re is a l>ge w9d[1 slightly above x1 :i* lights ! hall bel[1 & p>tially lights ! "o above4 ,! advantages ( hav+ a /airway :i* l&s approximately 9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se1 z does ?is "o1 is t no room is lo/ by hav+ long halls :i* h to lead f ! front to ! re> ( ! h\se4 ,all we ne$ h is a %ort hall 9 ! c5tre ( ! build+1 :i* w communicate ) ! rooms ar\nd x4 ,ano!r conv5i5ce ( ?is arrangem5t is t all ( ! front ( ! h\se is utiliz$ = *amb]s4 ,:]e ! /airway l&s 9 ! front ( a h\se1 !re mu/ ei!r be a long hall1 :i* is a wa/e ( room1 or "o mu/ pass ?r\gh "o or m *amb]s to get to o!rs4 ,9 ?is plan ! rooms are arrang$ ar\nd ! hall1 !re be+ ?ree l>ge ones ov] ! ?ree pr9cipal rooms bel[4 ,9 ea* ( ^! *amb]s !re is abundant space = ! usual b$room furniture1--viz41 a b$1 dress]1 wa%-/&1 & *airs4 ,9 ^! rooms !re are closets1 & at ! end ( ! hall !re is a /ore closet = b$d+1 etc4 ,! s]vant's room1 z %[n1 is ov] ! kit*51 z is also ! ba?-room4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,x may be notic$ t ! fixtures 9 ! ba?-room--t is1 ! ba?-tub & closet--are directly ov] ! s9k bel[1 s t ! pipes may h ! mo/ direct & ! %orte/ runs possible1 :i* is n only economical1 b also saf] f flood+ 9 case ( accid5t4 ,! tank 9 ! attic1 :i* conta9s ! s(t or ci/]n wat]1 is directly ov] ! tub1 & ! laundry s9k 9 ! cell> is directly "u ! kit*5 s9k4 ,?us1 f cell> to attic1 all ! plumb+ fixtures are 9 l9e1 & all pipes exactly v]tical1 except+ :]e x is desirable to take a %ort bran* to connect ! fixtures4 ,hav+ ! ba?-room slightly sep>at$1 z x is1 f ! ma9 hall1 x is saf]1 f a sanit>y po9t ( view1 ?an if x op5$ directly into ! ma9 hall4 ,!re is a closet = soil$ l95 next to ! ba?-room1 :i* is accessible ei!r f x or f ! %ort hall lead+ to x4 ,! /airs to ! attic lead out ( ! hall1 z %[n4 ,! attic is floor$1 b is o!rwise unf9i%$4 ,if f\nd desirable1 "o or m rooms c\ld be f9i%$ "h1 :i* w\ld be q z l>ge & pleasant z any ( ! o!r rooms 9 ! h\se4 ,?is h\se c be f9i%$ complete1 includ+ f5ces1 %$s1 walks1 gas fixtures1 plumb+1 mantels1 & furnace1 = #b1ijj4 ,fig4 ,no4 #ab is an elevation4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,we ,,"k ,,:at ,,we ,,want4--,a ,,conv5i5t ,,plan4--,,meet+ ,,! ,,wants ,,( ,,p ,,:o ,,build4 ,floor plans develop f ! v>y+ necessities ( ^? :o build4 ,!re is no reason :y ! same arrangem5t %\ld suit any l>ge numb] ( p4 ,a floor plan1 if c>efully & ?\ghtfully made1 w meet ! requirem5ts ( ! individuals ^: wants are p>ticul>ly consid]$4 ,:ile !re are c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples1 :i* affect ! value ( a floor plan = good or evil1 ! detail$ requirem5ts are almo/ z v>i$ z ! ta/es & dispositions ( ! occupants4 ,a lady & g5tleman come into an ar*itect's (fice1 & expla9 t !y are int5d+ to build1 & want to look at some?+ ) a view ( select+ a plan4 ,! ar*itect has a great _m plans :i* he might %[ !m1 b he kn[s well en\gh t none ( !m w be select$4 ,he says3-- ,i %all be glad to %[ y any?+ ,i h1 b n ) ! expectation ( f9d+ some?+ t w please y4 ,by do+ s1 ,i %all probably f9d out :at y d n want1 & 9 t negative way meet y\r requirem5ts4 ,i ?9k ,i "k :at we want1 says ! lady1 b ,i d n "k j h[ to arrange x4 ,! /airways bo!r me1 & !re are ?+s :i* ,i d n get to suit me4 ,well1 tell me :at1 y want1 & !n we w make a sket*2 & f t1 corrections2 &1 9 ! end1 we %all probably h some?+ satisfactory1 ?\gh n :olly s at once4 ,be=e we g any f>!r1 says ! g5tleman1 ,i want to say t we h only tw5ty-five hundr$ doll>s to put into a h\se4 ,yes1 t is all we c af=d1 says ! lady2 b ,i c tell y :at we want4 ,! ar*itect rea*es = a note-book & a piece ( pap]4 ,we want a reception-hall1 ) a grate & /airway 9 x4 ,!re mu/ be a small ve/ibule1 ) a place = ov]%oes1 hats1 & ov]coats4 ,some:]e ne> ! reception-hall1 or 9 x1 ,i want a closet :]e ,i c put my own wraps1 & ^? ( ! *ildr51 & o!r ?+s :i* ,i d n c>e to keep up/airs1 & yet wi% to h out ( ! way4 ,x does n ne$ to be a l>ge closet1 b mu/ n be unusually small4 ,we want a p>lor & d9+-room1 :i* connect ) ! reception-hall4 ,! p>lor w be us$ z a sitt+-room n a little1 b n 9 ! ord9>y way1 = ! reason t ,i /ay up/airs ) ! *ildr5 mo/ ( ! "t4 ,i d my sew+ !re4 ,if ,i %\ld use ! p>lor regul>ly z ! sitt+-room1 ,i c\ld receive my call]s 9 ! reception-hall4 ,x w\ld be nice if we c\ld h "s k9d ( a w9d[-seat 9 t room4 ,we want a grate 9 ! sitt+-room1 b n necess>ily "o 9 ! d9+-room4 ,i want a back /airway1 b x mu/ n g up directly f ! kit*54 ,! kit*5 & pantry ,i want y to make z conv5i5t z possible 9 a h\se ( ?is co/4 ,h[ w\ld a comb9ation /airway d8 ,oh1 ,i don't want t at all4 ,x w\ld be br++ ! two toge!r4 ,i want ! re> /airway 9 ! re> ( ! h\se1 & entirely sep>ate f ! "o 9 front4 ,x %\ld l& ne> ! girl's room on ! second floor1 s t x c be cut (f f ! re/ ( ! h\se4 ,we mu/ h pl5ty ( closet-room up/airs4 ,h[ _m *ildr5 h y8 ,two3 a baby & a little boy ab\t six ye>s old4 ,!n y mu/ h at lea/ f\r b$rooms1 0 sugge/$4 ,= ! pres5t1 ! baby c sleep 9 y\r room1 & ! boy 9 a room next to & connect+ ) x4 ,!re mu/ also be a gue/'s room & a s]vant's room4 ,yes1 t w h to d = ! pres5t2 b don't =get ! ba?-room1 & be sure to h pl5ty ( closets4 ,!re is "o ?+ ,i _h almo/ =gott54 ,!re mu/ be "s arrangem5t s t ! s]vant c get f ! kit*5 to ! front door )\t go+ ?r\gh ! d9+-room2 b we don't want ! smells ( ! kit*5 to get into ! front "p ( ! h\se4 ,aft] two or ?ree sket*es _h be5 made1 ! result1 z "h illu/rat$1 0 rea*$4 ,! ar*itect has x 9 m9d t ! space at ! "r ( ! entrance door 9 ! ve/ibule w\ld s]ve z a place = ov]coats & o!r w9t] equipm5ts4 ,he sugge/s t a portire be plac$ betwe5 ! ve/ibule & ! op5+ lead+ into ! reception-hall4 ,?is w prev5t draughts ( cold air f mak+ _! way into ! front room :5 ! door is op5$4 ,x w also l5d a c]ta9 am\nt ( privacy4 ,! por* is plac$ 9 front1 z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,9 ! recess ( ! hall :i* is made by ! ve/ibule a w9d[-seat is plac$4 ,9 ! re> ( ! reception-hall is ! closet requir$4 ,z a means ( gett+ f ! kit*5 to ! reception-hall )\t pass+ ?r\gh ! d9+-room1 two doors are arrang$ lead+ to a passage "u ! /airs4 ,?is w prev5t ! passage ( kit*5 odors ov] ! h\se4 ,! p>lor & d9+-room are arrang$ z %[n4 ,betwe5 ! w9d[ & ! door lead+ to ! *9a-closet is space = ! sidebo>d4 ,! pantry is sep>at$ f ! *9a-closet by ! cupbo>d ( ! =m]4 ,x has doors above & %elves bel[4 ,! ice-*e/ is plac$ 9 ! pantry4 ,x is readily accessible f bo? *9a-closet & kit*54 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #h4 ,! passageway to ! second floor is f ?is room1 &1 consid]+ ! limit$ means & l>ge g5]al requirem5ts1 ?is arrangem5t w no d\bt be satisfactory4 ,! /airway is accessible f bo? d9+-room & kit*54 ,z !re is a ba?-room & wat]-closet above1 !re is no necessity = c>ry+ slops d[n/airs & ?r\gh ! kit*54 ,! kit*5 has ! usual fitt+s4 ,! passage to ! cell> is "u ! front /airway4 ,z w be rememb]$1 !re is a door %utt+ ?is passage f ! reception-hall4 ,up/airs !re is a closet 9 ea* room1 two op5+ into ! hall--"o = b$ l951 & "o = du/-pans1 bru%es1 etc4 ,!re is also a closet 9 ! ba?-room4 ,! attic /airway is %[n4 ,an inspection ( ,plan ,no4 #h w %[ h[ all ( ! requirem5ts 7 met4 ,co/1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 #b1bjj4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,two ,,good ,,rooms ,,9 ,,front4--,,! ,,comb9ation ,,pantry4--,,too ,,mu* ,,cell> ,a ,,burd54--#b1ejj4 ,9 ,plan ,no4 #i1 ! reception-room conta9s ! front /airway4 ,?is /airway l&s ne> ! front ( ! h\se on ! second floor1 = :i* reason we are enabl$ to h 9 ! front "p ( ! h\se ! two rooms :i* are mo/ us$ on ea* floor4 ,we h ! two *amb]s above1 & ! reception-room & ! sitt+-room bel[4 ,if we _h a long1 n>r[ /air hall con/ruct$ 9 ! usual way1 we %\ld h ! sitt+-room t[>ds ! re>1 & only a little alcove b$room ov] ! hall 9 front4 ,! d9+-room1 :i* is a l>ge room1 is connect$ ) ! front "p ( ! h\se by slid+-doors4 ,x has a grate 9 "o corn] ( x4 ,on g5]al pr9ciples1 a grate has no bus9ess 9 ! d9+-room4 ,x is ne>ly always at "s "o's back1 & makes him uncom=table at meal "t4 ,be+ 9 ! corn] ( ! room1 x is f>!r f any "o ?an x w\ld be if locat$ on a side wall3 h5ce x may be all[$4 ,!re is a por* 9 ! re> ( ! d9+-room1 & betwe5 ! door lead+ to x & ! door to ! *9a-closet !re is a space = a side-bo>d4 ,!re are two w9d[s at ! end ( ?is d9+-room4 ,! door :i* passes into ! pantry %\ld be on d\ble spr+-h+es1 s t x w sw+ bo? ways4 ,"o c pu% aga9/ x & op5 f ei!r side1 & :5 x is releas$ x w take its natural position4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no #i4 ,! pantry is a l>ge "o4 ,pantries1 9 g5]al1 may be reg>d$ z a kit*5 annex--a /ore-room & prep>+-room4 ,?is pantry is on ! comb9ation plan4 ,x connects ) ! *9a-closet by means ( a slide4 ,aside f ?is *9a-closet1 :i* projects into x1 !re is a cupbo>d ) d\ble doors at "o end1 a fl\r-b9 at ! side1 a pa/ry table next to x1 & a refrig]ator by ! w9d[4 ,"o reason = plac+ ?is refrig]ator ne> ! w9d[ is1 t a flight ( /eps & a plat=m might be arrang$ on ! outside1 s t ! iceman c\ld put 9 ! ice )\t go+ ?r\gh ! kit*54 ,we g d[n cell> f ?is pantry4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,!re is a cell> "u ab\t half ( ?is h\se--! kit*5 & ! d9+-room4 ,x %\ld h a cem5t$ floor1 & num]\s w9d[s = light+ x4 ,! "p "u ! kit*5 c\ld be us$ = a laundry1 t "u ! d9+-room = coal /orage & furnace4 ,!re c\ld be an excavation "u a "p ( ! sitt+-room = vegetable /orage4 ,:y n put a cell> "u ! :ole h\se8 ,x w\ld co/ b little m1 has be5 ask$ _m times4 ,x is ! little ?+s1 ! small] economies1 9 a build+ ( ?is k9d :i* makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 an exp5sive h\se & a h\se ( mod]ate co/4 ,e foot ( cell> space beyond :at is ne$$ = actual use is a burd5 to ! h\sekeep]4 ,! arrangem5t has m to d ) ! numb] ( ap>tm5ts ?an ) ! am\nt ( space4 ,we h a laundry-room1 a place = furnace & fuel1 & a room = vegetables1 :i* is ab\t all t c be us$4 ,f ! cell> we c g up ! /airway & into ! kit*51 f ! kit*5 to ! second floor1 & f ! second floor to ! attic4 ,x is a l>ge attic1 a place = l>ge rooms if "o %\ld ne$ !m4 ,"u any circum/ances ?is attic %\ld be floor$4 ,!re c\ld be no bett] place = g5]al /orage1 & at times = dry+ clo!s4 ,x seldom happ5s t two h\ses f exactly ! same plan are built4 ,:ile ?is plan has pleas$ _m p1 !re are o!rs :o w\ld n be attract$ by x2 :o w\ld n c>e to build ?is h\se z _! home4 ,! univ]sal floor plan has nev] be5 made1 & nev] w be4 ,!re are g5]al pr9ciples runn+ ?r\gh all plans :i* are valuable1 & if rightly und]/ood w contribute to ! improvem5t ( ! homes ( ! p4 ,fig4 #ac is an elevation4 ,co/1 )\t appurt5ances1 #b1ejj1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,sitt+-,,room ,,& ,,p>lor ,,9 ,,front4--,a ,,connect+ ,,ve/ibule4--,a ,,c5tral ,,comb9ation ,,/airway4--,,good ,,rooms ,,9 ,,! ,,attic4 ,:5 we say t ! sitt+-room %\ld be 9 ! front "p ( ! h\se1 x does n necess>ily imply t ! p>lor %\ld be di/urb$4 ,z %[n 9 ,plan ,no4 #aj1 !y may bo? be 9 front4 ,! ve/ibule1 :i* is l>ge en\gh = a hat-rack1 & = ! occupants ( ! h\se to /& :ile putt+ on _! ov]%oes & wraps1 is 9 front ( bo? p>lor & reception-room1 b yet 9 a way s z n to di/urb ! view to ! /reet f ei!r ( ^! rooms4 ,we _c h all ( ! rooms 9 front4 ,! kit*5 we d n want !re4 ,! d9+-room is conv5i5t if plac$ imm$iately 9 ! re> ( ! sitt+-room4 ,?us we h two rooms 9 front & two 9 ! re>4 ,?is is practically a squ>e h\se4 ,! old habit has be5 to place ! /airway along "o side ( ! p>lor 9 ! hall :i* s]v$ z a passageway f ! front to ! rooms imm$iately 9 ! re>4 ,?is di/ribution ( halls is :at has ?r[n ! sitt+-room back ( ! p>lor4 ,9 ! plan "h giv5 ! *ange has be5 made s t ! hall has relatively ! same position t did ! sitt+-room 9 ! pa/1 ?\gh x is by no means z l>ge4 ,x is ess5tially a /air-hall1 & incid5tally a passage4 ,z plac$1 we may ent] x f ! p>lor1 sitt+-room1 d9+-room1 or kit*54 ,its position is c5tral4 ,!re are two doors betwe5 ?is /air-hall & ! kit*54 ,! c5tral position ( ! /airway has o!r advantages ?an ^? j /at$4 ,x makes long halls on ! second floor entirely unnecess>y4 ,z w be se5 by look+ at ! floor plan1 x gives two good b$rooms 9 front4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no #aj4 ,! d9+-room is imm$iately 9 ! re> ( ! sitt+-room4 ,!re may be slid+ doors connect+ ^! two rooms4 ,"o door1 ?ree & a half feet wide1 usually makes a suffici5tly l>ge op5+ = ! d9+-room connection4 ,!re are slid+ doors betwe5 ! p>lor & sitt+-room1 & d9+-room & sitt+-room1 z %[n4 ,! kit*5 has ! advantage ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( isolation f ! re/ ( ! h\se1 = ! reason t !re are two doors betwe5 x & any o!r room4 ,! pantries are arrang$ ) ref]5ce to _! mo/ conv5i5t use4 ,9 ! kit*5-pantry !re are places = a refrig]ator1 fl\r-b91 bread-bo>d1 & cupbo>d4 ,! d9+-room pantry is a *9a-closet1 ) glass doors above & clos$ doors bel[4 ,! doors connect+ ! d9+-room pantry or passage %\ld be hung on d\ble-spr+ h+es4 ,9 ! plan ( ?is h\se x is %[n h[ we may g f ! kit*5 to ! same l&+ t is us$ = ! ma9 /airway1 & ?us avoid ! necessity = a di/9ctively back hall & back /airway4 ,h[ev]1 if x is s desir$1 x is easy to place a /airway 9 ! re>1 & ?us h !m entirely indep5d5t4 ,9 t ev5t a room may be plac$ ov] ! pantry1 & be us$ by ! s]vant4 ,?is "p ( ! h\se c\ld be cut (f f ! front rooms & ! ba?-room on ! second floor by a door4 ,b to take ! h\se z x is1 we h a comb9ation /airway1 !re be+ two doors sep>at+ ! kit*5 approa* f ! common l&+ 9 ! ma9 /air-hall4 ,on ! second floor !re is a hall ab\t f\rte5 feet long f :i* we pass to two b$rooms 9 front1 two 9 ! re>1 ! ba?-room & ! /ore-closet4 ,ea* room is indep5d5t4 ,!y may be connect$ "o ) ! o!r z family necessities sugge/4 ,! /ore-closet is accessible f ! hall1 z su* a closet %\ld be4 ,?is makes x available f any ( ! rooms4 ,! ba?-room is directly ov] ! kit*54 ,9 ea* b$room !re is a place = a b$1 a dress+-case1 & a wa%-/&1 :i* is n always ! case 9 b$rooms4 ,if !re is a place = ^! ?+s1 if ! dress+-case be>s its prop] relation to ! s\rces ( light1 if x is s plac$ t ! light f ! w9d[ or f ! gas %9es 9 ! face ( ! us]1 if ! wa%-/& is conv5i5tly dispos$1 & !re is room at ! side ( x = a slop-j>1 if !re is a l>ge closet1 !n ! ar*itect has done 8 full duty 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! b$room4 ,! room t is call$ ! family room %\ld be especially well c>$ = 9 ! matt] ( closets4 ,a hundr$ doll>s w\ld la? & pla/] ! entire attic ( ?is h\se1 & provide a room 9 ! front "p :i* c\ld be us$ by ! boys or ! s]vant4 ,!re is no objection to ?is except 9 ! necessity = climb+ an extra pair ( /airs4 ,! m]e m5tion ( a b$room 9 ! attic is di/a/eful to _m p4 ,x ar\ses memories ( hot1 du/y1 & uncom=table places 9 :i* !y h pass$ ! night4 ,all ?is dep5ds on ! attic4 ,! ro( 9 ?is h\se is pit*$ at an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,! h\se at ! n>r[e/ po9t is #bi4 feet wide4 ,?is w\ld make ! attic at ! highe/ po9t #ad-a_/b feet4 ,we c /ud d[n f ?is & h a n9e-foot /ory & at ! same "t a l>ge room1 "o :i* w\ld h none ( ! disadvantages ( a half-/ory room1 & :i* w\ld h all ! advantages ( a well-v5tilat$1 com=table b$room1 = summ] or w9t]4 ,! pla/]+ ( ! attic sugge/s neatness4 ,hav+ x well light$ by dorm]s exposes all disord]4 ,co/1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 #b1fjj4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,a ,,compact ,,plan4--,,an ,,isolat$ ,,reception-,,room4--,,comb9ation ,,/airway4--,,description ,,( ,,! ,,floor ,,plan4--,,cell> ,,arrangem5t4--,,d9+-,,room ,,& ,,cons]vatory4--,,ano!r ,,plan4 ,! floor plans 9 ,no4 #aa are ( a h\se ( small area1 #cj #cd-a_/b feet1 = body ( ! /ructure4 ,!re is a por* 9 front1 a circul> bay w9d[ at "o side1 & a pantry & *9a-closet project+ at ! re>4 ,9 ! h\se !re are eight available rooms besides ! ba?-room & ! attic4 ,9 ! attic1 rooms q z lib]al z any 9 ! h\se c\ld be con/ruct$ at a small exp5se4 ,on ! fir/ floor1 z we ent]1 !re is ! reception or sitt+ hall1 :i* is s common 9 ! m mod]n arrangem5ts ( dwell+s4 ,?is reception hall or room has a c]ta9 am\nt ( isolation f ! passage :i* leads f ! ve/ibule to ! /airway & ! re> portion ( ! h\se4 ,x may be sep>at$ !refrom by curta9s or portires4 ,x w\ld be entirely possible to sep>ate ! two by means ( slid+ doors1 9 :i* ev5t ! op5+ f ! room into ! passage w\ld h to be a little n>r[] ?an %[n 9 ! draw+s4 ,?is room c\ld be us$ z ! (fice ( a physician1 or ( a g5tleman :o did m or less bus9ess at home4 ,by mak+ ! front ve/ibule ab\t six in*es deep]1 a sep>ate entrance to ?is room c\ld be provid$4 ,9 ?is ev5t1 a door f ! room into ! passage lead+ to ! liv+ "p ( ! h\se w\ld be a necessity4 ,! circul> bay end ( ?is room w\ld pres5t an attractive feature4 ,! w9d[s 9 ?is "p ( ! room c\ld be plac$ ab\t f\r feet f ! floor1 9 :i* ev5t book-%elves c\ld be arrang$ bel[ !m4 ,! w9d[ 9 front goes to )9 sev5te5 in*es ( ! floor4 ,"u ! /airway1 & lead+ f ?is room1 may be plac$ a v lib]al closet1 9 :i* !re %\ld be a small w9d[4 ,lead+ f ! passage is ! /airway1 & two closets4 ,! little passage 9 :i* "o closet is plac$ is sep>at$ f ! hall by a door4 ,!re is ano!r door op5+ f ?is passage into ! kit*54 ,?us !re are two doors betwe5 ! kit*5 & ! front "p ( ! h\se4 ,?is arrangem5t has 9 m9d ! isolation ( ! kit*5 f ! o!r rooms 9 a way to prev5t ! passage ( ! usual kit*5 odors4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no #aa4 ,! /airways 9 ?is h\se are ( ! class kn[n z comb9ation /airways2 :ile !y are conv5i5t & easy ( con/ruction1 !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( complication 9 _! arrangem5t :i* makes !m difficult ( description s z to be und]/ood by ^? n accu/om$ to exam9+ floor plans4 ,!re is ! /airway f ! front hall to ! floor above1 & "o f ! kit*5 to ! l&+ ( ! front /airway4 ,! l&+ ( ! front /airway & t f ! kit*5 /airway is 9 common2 t is1 x is ! same4 ,= ! purpose ( mak+ ?is und]/ood1 x may be well to say t "o may g up ! /airway f ! front hall to ! l&+1 "s eight /eps1 & f !nce d[n into ! kit*51 or he c turn "r face & g to ! l&+ on ! second floor4 ,?is "p ( ! /airs is us$ com+ up f ! kit*5 z well z f ! front hall4 ,h[ev]1 ! kit*5 /airway is sep>at$ f ! l&+ by a door4 ,!re is ano!r door at ! foot ( ?is kit*5 /airway4 ,9 com+ d[n/airs1 "o may turn to ! "r1 op5 a door1 & g d[n into ! kit*52 or1 he may turn to ! left1 & g d[n ! front /airway into ! hall4 ,?us x w be se5 t ! comb9ation /airway is a front & re> /airway toge!r1 ) sep>ate entrance f bo? p>ts ( ! h\se1--"o f ! kit*51 & "o f ! front hall4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( compromise 9 an arrangem5t ( ?is k9d1 b x is a sav+ ( bo? space & money1 & is tol]able on ?is acc\nt4 ,by ?is plan ev]y?+ is conc5trat$1 & )\t ! s]i\s drawback :i* extra co/1 or a small] numb] ( rooms1 w\ld imply to ^? :o h only a little ov] two ?\s& doll>s to sp5d = a h\se1 )\t appurt5ances4 ,! head room = ! /airway1 com+ up f ! kit*51 is secur$ "u ! ba?-tub 9 ! ba?-room imm$iately above4 ,! cell> /airway is cle>ly indicat$ z go+ d[n p>allel to ! kit*5 /airs & "u ! front /airs4 ,! cell> 9 ?is h\se %\ld be "u ! kit*51 /airways1 & ! reception-hall2 t is1 x w\ld occupy all ( "o side ( ! h\se4 ,9 ?is cell> plan ! pr9ciples set =? 9 ! previ\s *apt] on cell>s are c>ri$ out4 ,illu/ration3 ,cell> ,plan4 ,! p>lor is ?irte5 & "o-half by sev5te5 feet 9 size4 ,x is connect$ ) a hall by wide slid+ doors1 s t ab\t "o-half ( ?is side ( ! room may be op54 ,! grate opposite ! slid+ doors 9 ! p>lor w\ld pres5t a v beautiful view f ! hall & /airway4 ,! slid+ doors betwe5 ! p>lor & d9+-room are plac$ !re m 9 def]5ce to cu/om ?an ?r\gh any p]sonal s5se ( _! fitness4 ,slid+ doors d n h ! quality ( exclud+ s\nd or odors t is desirable4 ,! ord9>y h+$ door is bett] 9 ?is respect4 ,?is room :i* w\ld commonly be call$ a p>lor w\ld really be us$ z a liv+-room1 except+ by ^? :o use ! d9+-room or "o ( ! second-floor *amb]s = t purpose4 ,our d9+-room has an indep5d5t connection ) ! front hall1 s t we d n h to g ?r\gh ! p>lor or ! sitt+-room to rea* x4 ,a little extra money1 say sev5ty doll>s1 w\ld place a cons]vatory at "o side1 at "o corn]1 or at ! end ( ?is d9+-room4 ,fifty doll>s w\ld give a bay w9d[4 ,z x is1 we h two w9d[s ( ! ord9>y k9d at "o side ( ! room1 & none at ! end4 ,a v good arrangem5t1 :5 bay or cons]vatory is n us$1 w\ld be to take "o ( ^! w9d[s at ! side & place x at ! re> end1 ?\gh ne> ! outside corn] ( ! room4 ,?is w\ld give space betwe5 ! w9d[s & ! *9a-closet door = a sidebo>d4 ,! w9d[ at ! side ( ! d9+-room1 if ! o!r 7 mov$ to ! end1 %\ld be 9 ! middle ( ! wall space2 t is1 opposite ! c5tre ( ! flue4 ,f ! d9+-room we g into ! kit*5 ?r\gh ! *9a-pantry1 :i* is m>k$ passage4 ,?is *9a-pantry has a little w9d[ at "o side1 & at ! end a sep>ate ap>tm5t = *9aw>e1 :i* is clos$ f ! passage by means ( glass doors4 ,! doors lead+ f ! passage into ! d9+-room & kit*5 %\ld be hung on d\ble-sw++ h+es4 ,!re are ^? :o w\ld say t !re %\ld be no door f ! kit*5 into ! passage lead+ f ! d9+-room to ! front hall4 ,x w\ld probably be well to reta9 ?is door 9 ?is position1 & h a bolt on ! side ( ! door t[>d ! hall4 ,?us ! mi/ress ( ! h\se c close x1 & keep x clos$ at w4 ,ano!r ?+ t might be done w\ld be to place a /rong spr+ on ?is door :i* w\ld always keep x clos$4 ,! w9d[s 9 ?is kit*5 %\ld be plac$ ab\t ?ree feet f ! floor1 s t tables may be plac$ "u !m4 ,!re is a place = a gas-/ove betwe5 ! two w9d[s1 or ev5 "u !m if desirable4 ,! por* at ! re> ( ! kit*5 may be enclos$ ) lattice "w1 or1 :at is bett]1 co>se l\v]$ slats1 l ^? ( a %utt]4 ,9 ei!r ev5t1 x c\ld be cov]$ ) scre5 wire1 & made a "p ( ! kit*5 9 summ]4 ,9 ! plan1 h[ev]1 no?+ ( ?is k9d is indicat$4 ,! door :i* leads f ! por* into ! pantry is a small "o1 plac$ above ! ice-*e/1 & is = ! use ( ! ice-man4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no #ab4 ,! arrangem5t ( rooms up/airs w be readily und]/ood4 ,lead+ out ( ! hall is a /ore closet = b$d+1 etc4 ,x is locat$ s z to be accessible f all rooms4 ,f ! front end ( ! hall a door leads into ! /air passage to ! attic4 ,plan ,no4 #ab is ! outgr[? ( ,plan ,no4 #aa4 ,9 x !re is a lift runn+ f cell> to attic1 z %[n4 ,! only important diff]5ce betwe5 x & ,no4 #aa is 9 ! size ( ! libr>y4 ,co/1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 #b1fjj4 ,fig4 #ad is an elevation3 see page #adg4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,:at ,,c ,,be ,,done ,,= #a1fjj8--,,! ,,closet ,,9 ,,! ,,hall4--,a ,,small ,,conv5i5t ,,kit*54--,,closets ,,9 ,,! ,,b$rooms4 ,?is h\se--,plan ,no4 #ac--0 f9i%$ at a co/ ( less ?an #a1fjj4 ,?is includ$1 besides ! h\se itself1 a wood%$1 well1 & ci/]n4 ,!re is a cell> "u ! hall & p>lor4 ,! build+ has a brick f\ndation1 & ! wood-"w beg9s two feet above ! grade4 ,! /ud-walls ( ! ext]ior are l9$1 fir/ ) dress$ %ea?+1 !n ) heavy build+-pap]1 & f9ally cov]$ ) wea!r-bo>d+4 ,! fir/ & second ti]s ( joi/s are two by t5 in*es2 ! ceil+-joi/s ( ! second /ory are two by eight in*es4 ,all ( ! /udd+ is two by f\r in*es4 ,! w9d[s h box frames ) iron weights & cotton cords4 ,! fir/ /ory is t5 feet high1 ! second eight & a half feet4 ,^! details ( con/ruction are m5tion$ s t any "o int]e/$ may "k t x is a sub/antial1 well-con/ruct$ build+4 ,! int]ior f9i% is ( p9e1 "p ( :i* is v>ni%$ & ! rema9d] /a9$ & v>ni%$4 ,! front door & /airway are ( qu>t]$ oak4 ,! front por* is #aj-a_/b feet wide & #g-a_/b feet deep4 ,x has a high ro( ov] x1 z w be se5 by ! elevation4 ,! entrance1 be+ at "o side ( ! por*1 gives m available space = un9t]rupt$ use dur+ ! w>m wea!r4 ,! hall is #aj feet wide & #aj-a_/b feet long4 ,! /airway has fir/ two /eps to a broad l&+1 & !n a cont9u\s movem5t to ! second floor4 ,if ?is l&+ 7 r$uc$ 9 size by mak+ ! approa* m direct1 say turn+ directly to ! left z "o ent]s ! door & go+ ?r\gh a l&+ ! wid? ( ! /airway be=e mak+ ! g5]al asc5t1 !re w\ld be m available room 9 ! hall4 ,x is %[n ?is way 9 ! draw+1 because x is ! way ! h\se 0 built4 ,!re is a closet 9 ?is hall4 ,!re are _m h\ses built )\t a closet on ! fir/ floor1 b x is c]ta9ly bett] t "o be provid$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no #ac4 ,z w be se51 !re are ?ree rooms on ! fir/ floor1 & f\r & a ba? on ! second4 ,x is an easy h\se to c>e =1 because !re is no wa/e space1 & all ! rooms are readily accessible )\t extra /eps4 ,wa/e room means wa/e ( en]gy & wa/e ( money 9 m ways ?an "o--wa/e n only z to ! unnecess>y exp5diture 9 ! co/ ( build+1 b 9 c>pets1 & 9 ! labor ( sweep+ & c>+ = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #ad4 ,9 ! p>lor at ! "r ( ! hall are two w9d[s & a grate2 "o w9d[ is 9 front & ! o!r at ! side4 ,! d9+-room is simil>ly equipp$4 ,x has a l>ge *9a-closet :i* connects ) ! table 9 ! kit*5 by means ( a slide4 ,!re is also a door betwe5 ! kit*5 & d9+-room4 ,elev5 by twelve & a half feet is n l>ge = a kit*54 ,! availability ( kit*5 space is n entirely dep5d5t1 h[ev]1 on its dim5sions1 b r ^u ! disposition ( ! wall-space & ! conv5i5ces :i* h to d ) a kit*54 ,x w be se5 t !re is a space = ! kit*5-range or /ove ne> ! flue :i* does n conflict ) ! use ( any o!r "p ( ! kit*54 ,also !re is a space betwe5 ! door :i* leads into ! pantry & an outside wall :i* gives place = a kit*5-safe1 :i* may hold ! kit*5 ut5sils4 ,x is out ( ! way & yet conv5i5t to ! range4 ,! safe might be plac$ opposite ! tables at ! o!r end ( ! kit*51 if ?\ght desirable4 ,! kit*5 w9d[ is plac$ ab\t ?ree feet above ! floor4 ,?is gives wall-space "u x4 ,:]e a safe is n us$1 a cab9et1 to conta9 pots1 kettles1 etc41 c be plac$ !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no #ad4 ,! pantry is q conv5i5t to ! kit*54 ,!re is an enclos$ cupbo>d on "o side :i* has doors & %elves above & bel[1 & 9 ! recess next to ! d9+-room wall is a place = op5 %elves4 ,ne> ! pantry w9d[ is a d\gh-bo>d & a place = fl\r4 ,"h1 also1 is ! entrance to ! cell>4 ,x w be se5 t !re is a door betwe5 ! pantry & hall1 :i* makes x possible to pass f ! kit*5 to ! /airway or f ! kit*5 to ! front hall )\t go+ ?r\gh o!r rooms4 ,! enclos$ cupbo>d 9 ! pantry makes x possible to keep x always tidy4 ,!re is a glaz$ door 9 ! re> ( ! kit*54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,x may be notic$ t !re is n a l>ge hall to be c>pet$ or swept on ! second floor4 ,?is hall is well light$ by a w9d[ at ! side4 ,f "h "o c g into any ( ! rooms on ! second floor4 ,z to ! b$rooms1 !re is a conv5i5t place = b$room furniture 9 all ( !m4 ,!re is at lea/ a *oice ( two places = ea* b$1 a space = a dress+-case :]e x w get ! be/ light1 & room = a wa%-/&4 ,!re is a closet 9 ea* b$room1 ( ample capacity4 ,! "r-h& h\se 9 ,fig4 ,no4 #aj %[s ! ext]ior ( ,plan ,no4 #ac4 ,plan ,no4 #ad is ano!r edition ( ,plan #ae4 ,! room lett]$ p>lor is prop]ly a sitt+-room4 ,by disp5s+ ) ! grate 9 ! reception-hall ?is h\se c\ld be built1 z x 0 at "o "t1 ) a /airway meet+ ! "o com+ up f ! d9+-room & pass+ f !nce to ! second floor4 ,! elevation ( ?is h\se %[s x ) an attic1 ?\gh ! plan does n contemplate ?is arrangem5t4 ,)\t ! attic & ) a l[]-pit*$ ro(1 ?is build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 c be f9i%$ = #a1ejj4 ,fig4 #ae is an elevation ( ,plans ,no4 #ad & #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no #ae ,plans ,no4 #ac & #ae belong to ! same class4 ,no4 #ae is m elaborate 9 its details1 & l>g]4 ,f ! sitt+-room "o passes to ! l&+ :]e x meets a /airway com+ up f ! kit*54 ,f !nce !re is a common passage to ! second floor4 ,on ?is floor are f\r b$rooms1 a ba?-room1 & a lib]al supply ( closets4 ,"o ( ! front *amb]s is suppli$ ) two1 & ! hall ) two4 ,!re is "o 9 ! ba?-room1 & ea* ( ! o!r rooms4 ,! cell> & attic ( ?is h\se are pla/]$4 ,! build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 co/ #b1eej4 ,fig4 ,no4 #af is an elevation ( ,plan ,no4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,outgr[?s ,,( ,,"o ,,idea4--,,ev]y?+ ,,c\nts ,,z ,a ,,room4--,,"o ,,*imney4--,,conv5i5ces ,,( ,a ,,cond5s$ ,,h\se4--,,co/ ,,f #a1fjj ,,to #b1hjj4 ,plans ,nos4 #af1 #ag1 & #ah are all outgr[?s ( ! same idea4 ,x is ! mo/ economical g5]al s*eme = a h\se t is repres5t$ 9 ?is collection4 ,9 ,no4 #af !re is n m ?an =ty-eight squ>e feet ( hall space 9 ! entire h\se4 ,?is is on ! second floor4 ,?is plan 0 devis$ "u an extraord9>y pressure = a roomy h\se = a relatively small sum ( money4 ,ev]y?+ is made to c\nt = a room4 ,twelve sets ( plans ( ?is g5]al k9d 7 made = z _m diff]5t own]s ( h\ses dur+ "o season4 ,?is /atem5t is made = ! purpose ( indicat+ its popul>ity4 ,we w look ?r\gh ,no4 #af ) "s respect to detail4 ,x is a "o-*imney plan4 ,!re are ?ree grates ) indep5d5t flues 9 ! ?ree pr9cipal rooms on ! fir/ floor1 & two grates ) _! flues on ! second floor4 ,"o among o!r po9ts ( economy is ! /airway arrangem5t4 ,x is a comb9ation1 front1 re>1 & cell> all 9 compact =m4 ,!re are two doors betwe5 ! kit*5 & ! l&+ ( ! ma9 /airway4 ,9 ?is respect x is l o!r comb9ation /airways :i* h be5 describ$4 ,! front & re> /airway come to ! same l&+1 & f !nce to ! second floor4 ,! front /airway is provid$ ) a rail+1 balu/]1 etc41 & ! "o f ! kit*5 is )9 an enclosure4 ,!re may be portires betwe5 ! l&+ & ! reception-hall4 ,?us "o may pass f ! kit*5 to ! second floor )\t com+ into view f ?is room4 ,! cell> /airway goes d[n "u ! ma9 /airway4 ,! comb9ation idea is c>ri$ out aga9 9 ! pantry & *9a-closet4 ,?is pantry & its arrangem5t 9 detail are fully describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 & illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,! ve/ibule next to ! reception-hall is ! "o ref]r$ to 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #af ,on ! second floor are f\r b$rooms & a ba?-room1 :i* is imm$iately ov] ! kit*54 ,!re is a /raight run ( pipe 9 a pipe duct on ! inside wall4 ,fig4 #ag is a photographic view ( ! ext]ior4 ,x is an ultra %+le design4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #ag4 ,fig4 #ah is an elevation ( ,plan ,no4 #ag4 ,fig4 #ai ( ,plan ,no4 #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ah4 ,no4 #ag is ! h\se 9 :i* ! g5]al plan 0 fir/ work$ out1 &1 9 "s respects1 x %[s t ! idea 0 !n 9 an exp]im5tal /age4 ,h[ev]1 x indicates a h\se ( mod]ate size on ?is plan1 :]eas ,no4 #af is a l>ge h\se4 ,no4 #ah is ! small size ( ! same plan4 ,x has be5 built _m times z a r5tal h\se4 ,) ! furnace x is "u lease1 9 "o in/ance1 = five hundr$ doll>s a ye>4 ,9 o!r cases1 )\t a furnace b includ+ plumb+ ) ! use ( city wat] only1 ! r5t is ?irty-five doll>s a mon?4 ,any ( ^! plans c be work$ into a d\ble h\se by putt+ ! ba?room on ! outside1 & add+ to ! am\nt ( w9d[ space front & re>4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( co/s1 )\t appurt5ances1 z p] s*$ule ,b3-- ,no4 #af1 z a %+le h\se1 #b1hjj2 ,no4 #ag1 #b1bjj2 ,no4 #ah1 #a1fjj4 ,! latt] figure includes s(t-wood f9i% ?r\gh\t4 ,o!r sizes ( ?is h\se h be5 built :]e ! g5]al con/ruction aggregat$ #b1djj4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,"o-,,/ory ,,plans4--,,description ,,( ,,floor ,,plans4--,,ba?-,,room ,,next ,,to ,,kit*5 ,,flue4--,,kit*51 ,,por*1 ,,& ,,pantry4--,,! ,,ext]ior4--,,enl>gem5ts ,,on ,,?is ,,plan4--,,o!r ,,"o-,,/ory ,,h\ses4 ,?is h\se--,plan ,no4 #ai--;has be5 built = #a1djj4 ,x is a "o-/ory cottage1 conta9+ five rooms1 a ba?-room1 & a pantry4 ,su* a h\se is suit$ to "y p ( mod]ate means1 or possibly to old] ones1 :]e !re are no *ildr51 or :]e ! h\sekeep] does h] own "w4 ,x w be se5 t x gives m ( ! conv5i5ces ( a l>g] h\se ?an are usually f\nd 9 a cottage ( ?is size4 ,f ! por* we pass into a little ve/ibule1 :i* might be made l>g] by ?r[+ into x ! closet :i* op5s f ! sitt+-room4 ,f ! ve/ibule we g ei!r into ! p>lor or ! sitt+-room4 ,?is p>lor c\ld be us$ z ! liv+-room ( ! h\se1 & ! sitt+-room z ! d9+-room1 & /ill meet all ! conditions ( good h\sekeep+4 ,(f f ! sitt+-room is a projection1 :i* c\ld be v com=tably arrang$ z a w9d[-seat4 ,x c\ld be us$ z su* dur+ w>m wea!r1 & z a place = plants 9 w9t]4 ,9 ! corn] ( ?is room is a closet1 :i* may be connect$ ) ! kit*5 by a slide4 ,!re are slid+ doors betwe5 ! sitt+-room & ! b$room4 ,9 ! front "p ( ! b$room is a l>ge closet4 ,x is possible t _m w\ld pref] to h a w9d[ at ?is po9t1 & h a small] closet else:]e2 say1 9 ! corn] next to ! slid+-door p>tition4 ,! plac+ ( a closet next to ! re> wall w\ld leave no place = a b$ z ! rooms are n[ arrang$4 ,if ! door f ! p>lor to ! b$room 7 omitt$ ! head ( ! b$ might be plac$ aga9/ ! slid+-door p>tition1 & ! closet cut out f ! re> b$room1 ) an op5+ lead+ into ! front b$room4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ai ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bj4 ,f ! sitt+-room1 or f ! front b$room1 we pass into a little hall2 & f ! hall into ! kit*51 ! ba?room1 or ! re> b$room4 ,ov] ea* ( ! five doors lead+ into ?is hall !re %\ld be a transom2 ?us x w\ld be well light$4 ,! plac+ ( ! hall 9 ?is way makes all ( ! rooms surr\nd+ x indep5d5tly accessible4 ,! re> b$room has a place = a b$1 a l>ge closet1 & a wall space = necess>y furniture4 ,! availability ( a b$room is n always dep5d5t ^u its size4 ,a room may be l>ge1 & yet n conta9 wall space = ! furniture4 ,a l>ge b$room may h a small closet4 ,?is b$room has a l>ge "o4 ,! ba?-room comes next to ! kit*5 flue4 ,?is is important :5 we consid] t ! kit*5 flue is frequ5tly ! la/ "o 9 ! h\se to get cool4 ,z "h arrang$1 ! pipe connections ) ! ba?-tub w\ld all be %ort2 !y w\ld all be ne> ?is flue1 & on ! inside wall4 ,h5ce ! conditions w\ld be aga9/ freez+4 ,!re is a holl[ ?imble 9 ! pipe connections betwe5 ! kit*5 flue & ! b$room4 ,! ba?-room might connect ) ! same flue or flue-/ack4 ,connect+ ) ! ba?-room !re is a l>ge l95-closet1 :i* is ab\t ! prop] size & =m = fold$ b$-clo!s4 ,x is ne> ! ba?-room w9d[1 s t :5 ! closet-door is op5 ! cont5ts w be pla9ly 9 view4 ,!re is a l>ge w9d[ 9 "o side ( ! kit*51 :i* %\ld be plac$ ?ree feet f ! floor1 s z to admit ( a table be+ set "u x4 ,if ! kit*5 /ove 7 plac$ next ! wall sep>at+ ! kit*5 & sitt+-room1 x c\ld be pip$ across to ! kit*5 flue1 & 9 t way leave ! wall space adjac5t to t flue & ne> ! ba?-tub = ! kit*5 s9k4 ,?is w\ld br+ all ! plumb+ "w toge!r4 ,at "o side ( ?is s9k c\ld be plac$ a well-pump1 & a ci/]n-pump at ! o!r4 ,9 ! re> ( ! kit*5 are a por* & a pantry4 ,we g d[n cell> directly f ! kit*54 ,ov] ! headway ( ! cell> /airs c\ld be plac$ a closet = v>i\s /ores1 su* z cann$ fruit4 ,?is closet1 ( c\rse1 w\ld be connect$ ) ! pantry1 z %[n4 ,! necessity = head room 9 go+ into ! cell> w\ld make x necess>y to place ! floor ( ?is closet ?ree or f\r feet above ! pantry floor4 ,on ! side ( ! pantry opposite ?is closet are two cup-bo>ds1 ) doors & %elves above & bel[4 ,!re is a place = a fl\r-b9 or fl\r-b>rel "u ! d\gh-bo>d1 & space = an ice-box next to x4 ,?is box %\ld h a dra9 connect+ ) ! outside4 ,x is int5d$ to h ! cell> "u ! kit*5 & ba?-room1 ?\gh x might be ext5d$ "u ! sitt+-room also4 ,?is "p ( ! cell> might be us$ z a fuel-room1 & ?us disp5se ) wood & coal %$s4 ,) ! fuel & wat] 9 ! h\se1 ! h\sekeep] w\ld be sav$ mu* "w4 ,:]e a kit*5 s9k is provid$1 x w\ld be unnecess>y ev5 to c>ry out ! di%-wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,,front ,,elevation4 ,!re are two flue-/acks 9 ?is build+4 ,a base-burn] w\ld w>m ! sitt+-room & b$room & temp] ! air ( ! p>lor4 ,a grate fire 9 ! p>lor w\ld complete ! "w ( heat+ t room4 ,! cut ( ! ext]ior1 ,fig4 #bj1 tells its own /ory4 ,! por* has turn$ columns1 & a frieze decorat$ ) scroll-"w4 ,! w9d[ seat may h a w9d[ at ea* end1 z %[n 9 ! floor-plan1 or panels1 z indicat$ 9 ! elevation4 ,!re is a gable at ! side & ov] ! w9d[ seat1 :i* ext5ds ! full wid? ( ! sitt+-room4 ,plan ,no4 #bj is a developm5t ( ,plan ,no4 #ai4 ,)\t appurt5ances x co/ #a1bjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ba ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bb ,plan ,no4 #ba is an enl>gem5t ( ,no4 #ai4 ,! pantry & *9a-room are arrang$ diff]5tly4 ,! doors lead+ into ! *9a-room are glaz$ 9 _! upp] panels ) ca!dral glass4 ,?is obscures ! view1 & gives suffici5t light4 ,^! doors 7 hung on d\ble-spr+ h+es1 s frequ5tly m5tion$4 ,ov] ! d9+-room & *amb] are two f9i%$ b$rooms4 ,!y are arrang$ 9 ! high "p ( ! ro(1 &1 ) dorm]s1 w\ld h only a small "p ( ! upp] corn]s clipp$4 ,!re are two grates m ?an %[n 9 ,plan ,no4 #ai4 ,! /airway arrangem5t may be rev]s$1 s t "o goes to ! second floor f ! hall r ?an f ! kit*54 ,?is h\se co/1 ) two f9i%$ rooms on ! second floor1 )\t appurt5ances1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 #a1gjj4 ,plan ,no4 #bb c be built & f9i%$ = #hjj4 ,! gable arrangem5t w\ld be ab\t ! same z 9 ,fig4 ,no4 #bj4 ,plan ,no4 #bc 0 built1 includ+ ev]y?+ t w5t on to ! lot1 = #a1fjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bc ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bd ,plan ,no4 #bd1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 co/ #a1ajj4 ,plan ,no4 #be1 )\t appurt5ances1 co/ #a1djj4 ,"o-/ory h\ses co/ m = ! accommodations :i* !y af=d ?an two-/ory build+s1 = ! reason t x takes ! same f\ndation & ro( = a "o-/ory h\se t x does = "o ( two /ories ( ! same area on ! fir/ floor4 ,9 fact1 x usually takes m f\ndation & ro( = a "o-/ory h\se ?an x does = a two-/ory1 = ! reason t x cov]s m gr\nd space ?an w\ld be requir$ = ! same or a l>g] numb] ( rooms 9 ! two floors4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bf4 ,no4 #bf4 ,?is is a peculi> type ( a "o-/ory h\se4 ,!re is a s]vants room ov] ! kit*54 ,x is a v com=table arrangem5t4 ,! ba?-room /&s betwe5 ! two b$rooms4 ,!re is a grate 9 ea* ( ! rooms on ! l[] floor4 ,! kit*5-s9k arrangem5ts are n altoge!r satisfactory4 ,x is a plan :i* w nev] be v popul>4 ,x is design$ to be f9i%$ ) %+les = ! outside wall4 ,! /ructure w co/ ab\t two ?\s& doll>s1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,side-,,hall ,,plans4--,,plans ,,) ,,b$room ,,on ,,fir/ ,,floor4 ,plan ,no4 #bg is a side-hall plan ) a b$room on ! fir/ floor4 ,! p>lor & sitt+-room h views directly to ! front4 ,! d9+-room has a bay end1 & a good *9a-passage to ! kit*54 ,!re is a re> side-hall :i* is desir$ by a good _m p 9 build+ a l>ge h\se4 ,on ! second floor are f\r pr9cipal *amb]s1 :i* are entirely cut (f f ! re> b$room1 by bolt+ a door into ! re> hall4 ,! ba?-room is measurably deta*$ f ! re/ ( ! h\se1 :i* fact w h ! quality ( satisfy+ p :o are suspici\s ( all plumb+4 ,?is build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 accord+ to s*$ule ,b1 co/ ab\t ?ree ?\s& doll>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bh4 ,plan ,no4 #bh has ov] two hundr$ doll>s' wor? ( por* atta*$ to x4 ,x is a side-hall plan1 ) ! entrance to ! front4 ,9 x ! comb9ation /air idea is c>ri$ out 9 a way previ\sly m5tion$1 b n be=e illu/rat$4 ,! re> /airway is direct z to ! s]vant's room1 & comb9$ ) ! c5tral /airway only = entrance to ! ma9 "p ( ! h\se on ! second floor4 ,! arrangem5t ( rooms on ! fir/ floor makes ?is plan suitable = use by p :o ent]ta9 9 a small way4 ,?is is ! plan to :i* ref]5ce is made 9 ! special kit*5 article1 except+ t !re is a *ange 9 ! position ( ! cell> /airway4 ,!re are two closets & a wa%-/& 9 ! hall :i* connects ! kit*5 & sitt+-room4 ,?is build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 co/ betwe5 #b1hjj & #b1ijj4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #bi4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #cj ,9 ,plan ,no4 #bi ! hall is 9 front1 yet ! entrance is at ! side4 ,! /airway is at ! re> end ( ! hall4 ,a little door is %[n at ! re> ( ! ve/ibule1 lead+ "u ! /airway4 ,! closet is n v high1 yet x is high en\gh to use z a place to /ore a baby c>riage or a small tricycle4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! entrance & ! /airs admits ( ! use ( ! hall z a room4 ,9 ! h\se z con/ruct$1 !re is a w9d[ seat 9 ! octagon end4 ,!re is a d\ble rail+ com+ d[n into ! hall4 ,a "p ( ! /airway is op5 on ea* side4 ,opposite is a grate4 ,!re are also grates 9 ! p>lor & sitt+-room4 ,by a little *ange 9 ! kit*5 arrangem5t1 a b$room c\ld be plac$ back ( ! sitt+ room1 & ! re> & cell> /airway w\ld occupy measurably ! same position z n[4 ,! kit*5 w\ld h to be a little n>r[]1 &1 if desir$1 might be long]4 ,! pantry & kit*5 c\ld bo? be pu%$ a little to ! left ( :]e !y n[ /&4 ,9 ?is way space = a b$room c\ld be provid$ back ( ! sitt+-room1 ) possibly only a small projection to ! "r4 ,! re> ve/ibule c\ld be cut out ( ! corn] ( ! b$room4 ,to prev5t ?is f injur+ ! appe>ance ( ! room1 a correspond+ space1 to ! left ( ?is ve/ibule1 c\ld be arrang$ into passage & closets = ! b$room & sitt+-room4 ,9 ?is ev5t ! re> b$room wall w\ld ext5d pa/ ! re> kit*5 wall4 ,att5tion is call$ to ! size ( ! closets on ! second floor4 ,by a slightly diff]5t arrangem5t ( ! ba?-room an additional b$room c\ld be provid$4 ,!re is a l>ge attic ov] ! front "p ( ?is h\se4 ,! entire side walls are cov]$ ) %+les dipp$ 9 /a94 ,!re is a mild =m ( octagon t[] ov] ! front *amb]4 ,! build+1 z "h plann$1 co/ #b1fjj1 )\t ! appurt5ances m5tion$ 9 s*$ule ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,no4 #cj4 ,plans ) b$rooms on ! fir/ floor are frequ5tly want$4 ,?is requirem5t makes an ugly problem4 ,x increases ! numb] ( rooms on ! fir/ floor1 & (t5times leaves a less numb] to be provid$ on ! second /ory4 ,9 ?is plan1 includ+ ! ba? & reception-hall1 !re are six rooms on ! fir/ floor & ?ree on ! second1 h5ce a good deal ( wa/e4 ,!re is a s9k 9 ! re> hall1 second floor1 ) wat] supply ov] x1 to obviate ! necessity ( c>ry+ slops d[n /airs4 ,co/ ( build+ 9 brick1 #c1jjj4 ,fig4 #ba is an elevation4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,no4 #ca4 ,?is plan is ( ! same g5]al "* z ,no4 #bg1 b is some:at contract$4 ,!re is a wa%-/& 9 ! little room on ! /air l&+1 a few /eps above ! reception-hall floor4 ,?is build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 co/ #b1djj1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,fig4 #bb is an elevation ( ?is plan4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,miscellane\s ,,collection4--,,%ort ,,descriptions ,,( ,,elev5 ,,h\se ,,plans4--,,v>y+ ,,co/s4--,,squ>e ,,plans4--,,"o-,,*imney ,,plans4--,,re> ,,& ,,side ,,hall4 ,a great _m p l a side-hall entrance1 z well z "o 9 front4 ,plan ,no4 #cb gives x4 ,on ! second floor !re are a l>ge numb] ( b$rooms4 ,! re> /airway comes up 9 a mann] to sep>ate ! s]vant's room f ! front "p ( ! h\se4 ,a d\ble /ore-closet is %[n on ! re> ( ! second floor4 ,! front "p ( ?is closet may be left unlock$ & ! o!r portion made secure4 ,! ba?-room 9 ! re> has direct connection ) ! wat] pipes z !y come up f ! kit*54 ,all ! b$rooms h ! prop] plan = furniture4 ,?is h\se1 )\t appurt5ances1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 0 built = ab\t #d1jjj4 ,plan ,no4 #cc 0 us$ ?ree times 9 "o season1 9 slightly diff]+ =ms1 at a co/ v>y+ f #b1hjj to #c1fjj1 )\t appurt5ances1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,9 ! matt] ( floor space x is n an economical h\se4 ,x makes a v pretty arrangem5t ( rooms on ! fir/ floor4 ,!re are five good b$rooms & a ba?-room on ! second floor4 ,! re> "p is measurably sep>at$ f ! front by a door4 ,a project+ bay w9d[ f ! family b$room is %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #cb4 ,plan ,no4 #cd4 ,?is is ano!r plan t 0 made to ord]4 ,x is an economical arrangem5t1 &1 9 _m respects1 v conv5i5t & satisfactory4 ,! s+le /airway1 pass+ f ! d9+-room1 w be ! lea/ satisfactory feature ab\t ! :ole h\se to ! majority ( p4 ,h[ev]1 ! idea 9 ?is connection is a good "o4 ,x is economical 9 t x disp5ses entirely ) ! hall4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is /airway />ts f a room :i* w be us$ less ?an any on ! fir/ floor4 ,few p w be inconv5i5c$ by ! use ( ! d9+-room z a hall4 ,"p ( ?is /airway goes into a hall lead+ to ! kit*54 ,! *9a-room & pantry arrangem5ts 9 ?is h\se are v satisfactory4 ,on ! second floor are five b$rooms & a ba?-room4 ,! hall is light$ by a dorm] ov] ! /airway4 ,?is build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 w\ld co/ ab\t #b1ejj1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #cc4 ,plan ,no4 #ce is a h\se ) a side entrance = small boys1 :i* is sometimes want$4 ,?is plan meets su* a requirem5t4 ,9 ! re> hall a coat closet is provid$2 also a re> /airway4 ,! ve/ibule 9 front ( ! reception-hall is suffici5tly l>ge to admit ( ! plac+ ( hat rack & o!r ve/ibule furniture4 ,! /airway is a pretty feature1 ?\gh n satisfactory to all4 ,!re is a closet 9 connection ) ! music-room4 ,9 actual con/ruction "o 0 provid$ f ! kit*54 ,! second floor is self-explanatory4 ,x 0 built1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 = #b1ejj4 ,plan ,no4 #cf4 ,! requirem5ts ( ! occupants ( ?is build+ are peculi>4 ,a l>ge numb] ( b$rooms are requir$4 ,o!r ?an ba? & b$rooms1 !re are only ! d9+-room1 p>lor1 & kit*54 ,!re is no cell>4 ,!re is a comb9ation /airway4 ,"o run />ts f ! front1 & ! o!r f ! re>4 ,! l&+ is 9 ! c5tre on ! second floor4 ,co/ ( ?is build+1 #b1jjj1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #cd4 ,9 ,no4 #cg ! /airway is back ( ! reception-hall4 ,x is di/9ctively 9 ! c5tre ( ! h\se1 & is accessible f all rooms4 ,!re is a passage ?r\gh two doors f ! kit*5 to ! front "p ( ! h\se4 ,!re is also ! usual pantry passage4 ,on ! second floor !re are f\r good b$rooms1 a l95 closet1 & a ba?-room4 ,! co/ ( ! build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 w\ld be ab\t #b1ajj1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #cf4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #cg4 ,plan ,no4 #ch is ano!r squ>e1 "o-*imney plan4 ,! h\se is broad en\gh s t x gives a little bett] ba?-room arrangem5t ?an is %[n 9 "s ( ! n>r[] plans4 ,! great drawback to ?is h\se is t !re is only "o /airway1 & t 9 front4 ,if a cell> is want$1 ! /airway c g d[n "u ! ma9 /airs4 ,plan ,no4 #ci4 ,?is plan has six b$rooms on ! second floor4 ,! hall on ! fir/ floor has two closets 9 front4 ,!re is a project+ bay w9d[ f ! fir/ l&+ ( ! front /airway4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ch4 ,?is h\se 0 built = a m9i/]4 ,! libr>y room is %[n4 ,project+ f x is a w9d[-seat4 ,on "o side is a l>ge fireplace4 ,! d9+-room is sep>at$ f ! front "p ( ! h\se by a hall4 ,bo? sitt+-room & d9+-room h bay ends ( a =m to give a view to ! /reet 9 front4 ,! side-hall communicates ) ! kit*5 z well z ! d9+-room4 ,9 ?is hall is a closet1 presumably = ! boys4 ,!re is a lib]al supply ( closets on ! second floor4 ,! s]vant's room is cut (f f ! o!r "p ( ! h\se4 ,! attic is pla/]$4 ,?is build+1 )\t appurt5ances describ$ 9 s*$ule ,b1 co/ #c1ejj4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ci4 ,plan ,no4 #dj4 ,! re> hall ) ! side entrance is ! ?+ :i* w comm5d ?is h\se1 z f> z its floor plan is conc]n$4 ,x is an old-/yle plan1 & is wa/eful ( room4 ,! build+ co/ ab\t #c1ajj1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,plan ,no4 #da is an eight-room h\se ) a simple /airway4 ,! outside walls are ( brick4 ,x has a side entrance4 ,! plan is a fairly good "o4 ,!re are two closets on ! fir/ floor1 op5+ f ! hall4 ,!re is an abundant supply on ! second floor4 ,! build+ co/ #c1djj1 z p] s*$ule ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #da4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #db4 ,plan ,no4 #db belongs to ! c5tre hall type1 :i* is less common n[ ?an 9 ye>s pa/4 ,! p>lor1 z "h lett]$1 is 9 reality ! sitt+-room4 ,a b$room is %[n on ! fir/ floor4 ,9 ea* ( ! f\r pr9cipal rooms a grate is indicat$4 ,a hall communicat+ ) ! second floor f ! cell> is %[n 9 ! re>4 ,! kit*51 pantry1 & *9a-closet arrangem5ts are su* z h be5 fully describ$ 9 o!r *apt]s4 ,! side-por*1 next to ! pantry1 af=ds means ( putt+ ice into ! refrig]ator )\t com+ into ! room4 ,! reception-hall & d9+-room are connect$ by slid+ doors4 ,five b$rooms & a ba?-room & lib]al closets are %[n on ! second floor4 ,! front /airway to ?is floor is broad & easy4 ,! details ( ! ext]ior ( ?is /ructure 7 c>efully r5d]$1 & ! appe>ance altoge!r satisfactory4 ,an outl9e draw+ ( ! front is %[n4 ,small gables1 simil> 9 design to ! "o 9 front1 %[ f ! sides4 ,! build+1 accord+ to s*$ule ,b1 co/ #b1hjj1 )\t ! appurt5ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,eight ,,plans4--,,ea* ,,suit$ ,,to ,,family ,,requirem5ts4--,,d\ble ,,h\ses4--,,an ,,elaborate ,,floor ,,plan4--,a ,,%+le ,,h\se4--,a ,,brick ,,h\se4 ,plan ,no4 #dc1 :ile n economical z to arrangem5t1 is well suit$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! p :o own x4 ,!re are no *ildr54 ,! lady does n employ a s]vant4 ,! co/ ( ! build+ w\ld be ab\t #b1bjj4 ,plan ,no4 #dd4 ,d\ble h\ses are n easy to plan :]e !y are v long4 ,?is h\se 0 built1 "o "p to live 9 & ! o!r to r5t4 ,! liv+ "p has an entrance to ! front2 & ! r5tal "p "o1 remov$ f x1 at ! side4 ,! c5tre p>tition is l9$ on bo? sides ) %ea?+ la?2 t is1 %ea?+ ) dovetails cut into x1 s t ! pla/]+ w /ick to x1 :i* makes x solid1 &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 dead5s ! s\nd4 ,! lett]+ ( ! plan cle>ly indicates its arrangem5t4 ,! co/1 )\t appurt5ances1 z by s*$ule ,b1 is #e1jjj4 ,mo/ ( ! plans giv5 t are only two rooms deep may be made into d\ble h\ses by enl>g+ ! am\nt ( w9d[ space front & re>1 & plac+ ! ba?-room side ( ! h\se on ! expos$ side4 ,?is gives direct light4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bd4 ,plan ,no4 #de4 ,?is h\se is built on a plat ( gr\nd hav+ ab\t sev5ty feet frontage4 ,! side-hall arrangem5ts give two entirely indep5d5t rooms 9 front4 ,!re is a good closet 9 ! hall4 ,f "h we pass to ! d9+-room1 libr>y1 or p>lor1 & to ! second floor4 ,only "o /airway is us$4 ,! pantry & *9a arrangem5ts are %[n4 ,we ent] ! cell> /airway f ! pantry passage4 ,! kit*5 is plann$ accord+ to ! g5]al pr9ciples previ\sly set =?4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #dc4 ,on ! second floor are f\r b$rooms & a ba?-room4 ,ea* room1 includ+ ! ba?1 is suppli$ ) closets1 & !re is a l95 closet 9 ! hall4 ,a /airway leads to ! attic1 9 :i* !re is an abundance ( room = o!r *amb]s1 %\ld !y be ne$$4 ,! build+1 )\t appurt5ances1 accord+ to s*$ule ,b1 co/ #b1ajj4 ,fig4 #bd is a photographic view ( ext]ior4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #de4 ,plan ,no4 #df is n greatly diff]5t 9 its g5]al arrangem5t f o!rs t h be5 %[n4 ,! details1 h[ev]1 are m complete1 & x is g5]ally m satisfactory ?an o!r h\ses ( ! same type4 ,! ve/ibule arrangem5t 9 ! front hall is v satisfactory4 ,!re is a w9d[-seat "u ! /airs4 ,! *9a-room arrangem5t is conv5i5t4 ,x has an op5 /airway runn+ out ( x to ! re> ( ! second /ory4 ,!re is a laundry 9 ! basem5t1 & l>ge closets on ! second floor4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #df4 ,fig4 #be is an elevation4 ,x is a v picturesque h\se4 ,co/1 z by s*$ule ,b1 #c1djj4 ,plan #dg4 ,?is h\se 0 design$ = a we/ frontage4 ,x has a por* 9 front1 a pagoda ext5sion on ! s\? side1 & a c>riage-por* on ! nor? side4 ,!re are a set ( /orm doors & d\ble inside doors4 ,! reception-hall is ?irte5 by fifte5 feet 9 ! cle>4 ,at "o side ( ?is hall is a grate4 ,!re is an ar*way ov] ! front w9d[4 ,on ea* side ( ! mantel are %[n seats1 :i* may be treat$ z a "p !re(4 ,! /airway may be se5 f ?is reception-hall4 ,x is sep>at$ f x m]ely by an op5-"w scre54 ,! p>lor connects ) ! reception-hall by slid+ doors4 ,x has a l>ge w9d[ 9 front1 & two small] ones at ! side4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4 ,! p>lor connects ) ! sitt+-room by slid+ doors1 z %[n4 ,!re is a simil> slid+ door connect+ ! /air-hall & sitt+-room4 ,?us ! reception-hall & /air-hall1 sitt+-room & p>lor1 may be ?r[n toge!r4 ,!re is a bay end at ! s\? side ( ! sitt+-room4 ,slid+ doors are n indicat$ betwe5 ! d9+-room & sitt+-room1 or betwe5 ! d9+-room & hall4 ,!y c\ld be s plac$1 if desir$4 ,!re are two doors f ! sitt+-room to ! d9+-room1 "o on ea* side ( ! fireplace4 ,!re is suffici5t wall space 9 ! d9+-room t ^! doors may be fold$ out ( ! way4 ,! libr>y connects ) ! /air-hall & re> hall4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #dg4 ,!re is a l>ge closet room "u ! /airway4 ,9 x is a small closet1 & places = a *e/ ( draw]s1 & a wa%-/&4 ,?is w\ld be p>ticul>ly useful 9 case ! libr>y 7 to be us$ z a b$room4 ,!re is a door sep>at+ ! re> f ! front hall4 ,!re are two doors betwe5 ! kit*5 & ! re> hall4 ,! passageway betwe5 ^! doors is light$ by a w9d[4 ,! sidebo>d 9 ! d9+-room is built into "o end ( ?is room4 ,! w9d[s are plac$ ab\t five feet above ! floor1 & w\ld look well ( /a9$ glass4 ,! kit*5 is sixte5 by sixte5 feet4 ,on "o side are a table1 s9k1 dra91 & table1 successively arrang$ z "h nam$4 ,9 ! *9a-closet is an ext5sion ( ! la/-nam$ table4 ,!re is a slide :i* cuts (f communication betwe5 ! *9a-closet & ! kit*5 :5 ?is table is n 9 use4 ,9 ! *9a-closet are ano!r s9k1 table1 etc41 :i* c\ld be us$ = wa%+ & c>+ = ! *9a1 glass1 & silv] t "o does n c>e to take into ! kit*54 ,!re is good v5tilation 9 ! kit*54 ,back ( ! range are %[n two flues4 ,a dry-box is plac$ on a level ) ! top ( ! range1 & has op5+s 9 ! bottom & into ! flue4 ,9 ?is way1 any articles plac$ !re9 w be readily dri$ & v5tilat$4 ,! w>m air f ! range passes ?r\gh ! box & into ! flue4 ,9 ! pantry are a d\gh-bo>d & fl\r-b9s1 a cupbo>d = /ores1 & "o = ut5sils4 ,!re is space = an ice-box or refrig]ator next to ! re> por*4 ,x has a dra9 connection ) ! outside4 ,! l&+ ( ! front /airway is 9 ! front ( ! build+1 z %[n4 ,! re> /airway is sep>at$ by a door f ! re> hall4 ,9 ! b$rooms1 ! b$s1 dress+-cases1 & wa%-/&s are indicat$ on ! plan4 ,! front *amb] has a circul> w9d[ 9 front4 ,ea* room c be ent]$ f ! hall )\t go+ ?r\gh any o!r room4 ,!re is a grate 9 ea* *amb]4 ,! closets are all v l>ge2 9 ea* ( ! front rooms !y are ?ree & "o-half by f\r & "o-half feet4 ,9 ! s\?-side *amb]s "o is ?ree & "o-half by f\r feet1 & ! o!r is f\r by f\r feet4 ,9 ! re> hall !re is a l>ge closet :i* may be us$ = g5]al purposes4 ,9 all closets on ?is floor !re is abundant room = draw]s1 hooks1 %elves1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #dh4 ,! ba?-room arrangem5t is some:at diff]5t f t 9 g5]al use4 ,x w be notic$ t ! wat]-closet is sep>at$ f ! ba?-room prop]1 ?\gh connect$ ) x by a door4 ,"o c ent] ei!r ! ba?-room or ?is wat]-closet room f ! re> hall4 ,9 ! ba?-room is a l>ge closet 9 :i* may be arrang$ a *e/ ( draw]s1 &1 if desir$1 a v5tilat$ receptacle = soil$ l954 ,?is closet is light$ by a w9d[4 ,co/1 z by s*$ule ,b1 #aj1jjj4 ,plan ,no4 #dh is ( a h\se well suit$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! p :o live 9 x4 ,fig4 #bf is a view ( ! ext]ior4 ,x is a %+le h\se ( a sev]e type4 ,! side projection is a comb9ation ( brick & /one4 ,co/1 )\t appurt5ances1 #c1djj4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #di4 ,plan ,no4 #di1 )\t appurt5ances1 has be5 built = #c1djj4 ,x is f9i%$ 9 bo? /ories 9 h>d wood1 has a front & re> /airway1 & a side entrance4 ,a c5tral *imney conta9s f\r grates4 ,! closet arrangem5t is z good z 9 any plan 9 ?is collection4 ,figs4 #bg & #bh are elevations4 ,fig4 #bh %[s h[ ! cons]vatory at ! side is f9i%$ s z to appe> )1 & z a "p (1 ! por*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figure #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ,no4 #ej4 ,plan ,no4 #ej4 ,?is is a plan ( a brick h\se1 built1 )\t appurt5ances1 z p] s*$ule ,b1 = #aj1jjj4 ,! ext]nal walls are ( select$ d>k *]ry r$ brick1 laid 9 r$ mort>4 ,! /one "w1 :]e expos$ above grade1 is ( ,ohio r$ s&/one1 qu>ry face4 ,!re is v little detail to ! ext]ior4 ,! g5]al /yle ( design is quiet & unobtrusive4 ,r$ s&/one is select$ to g ) ! brick-"w 9 ord] to pres5t a solid mass ( color1 r ?an a v>iation betwe5 a light /one & brick "w4 ,! int]ior is complete 9 all its details2 ! attic is f9i%$ z well z ! p>lor2 all is ( qu>t]$ oak4 ,ov] ! butl]'s pantry1 9 ! re> ( ! hall1 is a balcony4 ,above ?is balcony is a l>ge w9d[1 twelve feet wide & t5 feet high1 divid$ ) n>r[ mullions1 & glaz$ ) arti/ic patt]ns ( /a9$ glass4 ,at "o side ( ! hall is a l>ge fireplace1 ) panell$ wood-"w above to ceil+4 ,! sides ( ! hall are wa9scot$ to ! height ( six feet ) small panels4 ,! ceil+ is ( oak4 ,! d9+-room & libr>y are f9i%$ ! same z hall1 ) oak ceil+ omitt$4 ,o!r details ( ! plan1 9 ! light ( :at has be5 said 9 previ\s *apt]s1 are self-explanatory4 ,all has be5 plann$ accord+ to ! g5]al pr9ciples set =?4 ,! butl]'s pantry is arrang$ s t all *9a & glassw>e are c>$ = 9 t room r ?an 9 ! kit*54 ,fig4 #bi is an ext]ior view ( ?is plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4 ,,practical ,,h\se-,,build+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,practical ,,po9ts4--,,wat]4--,,location ,,( ,,h\se ,,on ,,lot4--,,dra9+ ,,! ,,cell>4--,,mason ,,"w4--,,f\ndations4--,,walks4--,,pi]s4- -,,flues4--,,ci/]ns4--,,damp ,,c\rse4 ,9 ?is section ( ! book x is propos$ to consid]1 9 z pla9 a mann] z possible1 ! con/ruction ( all ! details ( a h\se4 ,,locat+ ,,! ,,h\se4 ,fir/ is ! plac+ ( ! h\se on ! lot4 ,if x h an ea/ or a we/ front1 x is common to set ! nor? side ( ! h\se )9 a few feet ( ! nor? l9e4 ,on a small lot ?is gives m s\? & sun exposure4 ,! di/ance ! h\se is set back f ! front ( ! lot dep5ds l>gely ^u :at "o's neighbors h done or may d4 ,9 ! case ( a nor? or s\? frontage1 ! we/ side ( ! h\se is usually plac$ to ! we/ l9e4 ,?is br+s ! ea/ side ( ! h\se 9 ! aft]noon %ade4 ,"u any circum/ances1 !re %\ld nev] be less ?an eighte5 in*es ( space beyond ! nor? or we/ wall4 ,if ! projection ( cornice is great]1 !re %\ld be m ?an ?is4 ,,wat]4 ,! next ?+ to d :5 "o beg9s to build1 is to provide wat] = ! build]4 ,?is is f ! city wat] s]vice1 if any2 o!rwise f a well4 ,if a driv5 well is us$1 x is be/ to locate x on ! inside ( ! h\se1 ne> ! kit*5 s9k1 & all[ ! build] to provide a common pump = use dur+ build+ op]ations4 ,! ci/]n & well pumps %\ld g into ! plumb]'s contract4 ,x is n necess>y t all ! plumb+ contract be let at ! "t ! city wat] s]vice is suppli$4 ,! me?od ( lett+ contracts is expla9$ 9 ano!r "p ( ! book4 ,,excavat+4 ,9 excavat+ = a h\se1 ! loam1 or upp] /rata ( e>?1 %\ld be sep>at$ f t :i* comes bel[4 ,aft] ! walls are plac$1 ! op5+s ar\nd ! outside %\ld n be fill$ at once2 c]ta9ly n until ! wall is dry & ! mort> set4 ,aft] ?is1 ! grad+ & fill+ %\ld beg94 ,! grade l9e ( ! h\se %\ld be slightly above t ( ! sidewalk1 & !re %\ld be a g5]al slope to x4 ,if !re is an alley 9 ! re>1 ! slope %\ld be divid$ to rea* x1 if possible4 ,! dra9age1 excavat+ & fill+ connect$ ) ! plumb+1 gas supplies1 etc41 %\ld be done e>ly 9 ! build+ p]iod4 ,?us ! entire surface becomes compact & natural by ! "t ! build+ is f9i%$4 ,if x %\ld become app>5t t !re w be sup]flu\s e>?1 x %\ld be remov$ f ! lot4 ,,dra9+4 ,:]e !re is a clay soil1 & 9 sections ( ! c\ntry :]e cell>s are incl9$ to be damp1 !y %\ld be dra9$4 ,?is is done 9 v>i\s ways2 usually by runn+ an op5 f>m tile ar\nd & bel[ ! level ( ! cell> wall1 :i* %\ld h connection pref]ably ) a dry well2 b if no?+ bett] pres5ts itself1 ) ! sew] dra91 al?\gh a connection ( ?is k9d is n safe4 ,! air :i* w come into ?is dra9 f ! sew] w contam9ate ! soil1 & 9 t way affect ! heal? ( ! occupants ( ! build+4 ,9 "s in/ances a sew] connection f ?is dra9 is necess>y1 b only !n %\ld x be us$4 ,ano!r me?od ( dra9+ a cell> is to excavate bel[ ! level ( l[e/ mason-"w1 & fill 9 a dep? ( ab\t twelve in*es ) brok5 /one1 :i* is giv5 a dra9 connection ) prop] outlet4 ,! space betwe5 /one p>ticles acts z a dra94 ,,mason-,,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj ,! mason-"w %\ld be ( brick or /one4 ,fir/1 we w consid] t ( brick1 :i* is common to frame h\ses & is sometimes us$ = brick build+s4 ,! f\ndations1 walks1 pi]s1 & flues %\ld be ( h>d burn$ brick4 ,all %\ld be laid wet1 except+ 9 freez+ wea!r1 ) lime mort>4 ,! outside expos$ brick %\ld be pref]ably ( a d>k *]ry-r$ color1 laid 9 :ite or r$ mort>4 ,! latt] is 9 mo/ g5]al use4 ,! jo9ts = expos$ "w %\ld be 9 =m z indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #cj2 9 mason's p>lance1 ^! are call$ rodd$ jo9ts4 ,! jo9t is fir/ cut d[n f above1 ) tr[el1 !n ! rod is plac$ along ! upp] edge ( ! jo9t1 & ! mort> is cut away ) a knife 9 ! =m indicat$4 ,!n ! v]tical jo9ts are trimm$ 9 ! same way2 ?us no mort> projects beyond ! face ( ! brick4 ,?is =m ( jo9t is desirable = all k9ds ( expos$ "w1 :]e "o desires bett] "w ?an is usual 9 f\ndations & o!r expos$ brick "w4 ,brick "w %\ld h /ruck or common jo9ts 9 ! cell> & outside expos$ walls1 only :]e small co/ is ( great importance4 ,brick "w %\ld be left r\gh :]e x is desir$ to pla/]4 ,f\ndation walls & pi]s usually cont9ue f sixte5 to ?irty in*es above grade2 tw5ty or tw5ty-f\r in*es is mo/ common4 ,on ?is is plac$ a sill 9 mo/ frame h\ses4 ,outside walls & pi]s g5]ally beg9 f eighte5 to ?irty in*es bel[ grade l9e1 :]e n influ5c$ by ! cell>4 ,9 an ord9>ily cold climate ! freez+ l9e is f\r or five feet4 ,eighte5 in*es or two feet is usual1 h[ev]1 9 ! con/ruction ( frame build+s1 & ! results are n unsatisfactory4 ,a damp-c\rse ( slate or h>d lime/one is sometimes plac$ j above ! grade l9e1 to prev5t ! passage ( moi/ure f ! brick wall bel[ to t above4 ,^! g5]al /atem5ts z to brick "w apply alike to t us$ 9 brick & frame build+s1 z d also ! /atem5ts z to int]ior walls1 *imneys1 etc41 :i* foll[4 ,to prev5t ! passage ( moi/ure ?r\gh brick walls bel[ grade f ! outside1 a coat+ ( ,portl& cem5t is sometimes us$4 ,coal-t> is also us$1 b is n z good z ! cem5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,brick ,,f\ndations4--,,lay+ ,,brick4--,,color$ ,,mort>s4--,,color$ ,,bricks4--,,brick ,,v5e]+4--,,hot-,,air ,,flues4--,,details ,,( ,,brick ,,con/ruction4--,,*imneys ,,& ,,flues4--,,holl[ ,,walls4--,,cell>4--,,a%-,,pits4--,,grat es4 ,a brick wall "u a frame h\se is ord9>ily n9e in*es ?ick2 t is1 x is call$ a n9e-in* wall4 ,9 reality1 x is ! ?ickness ( ! l5g? ( a brick4 ,"u ^! walls are plac$ foot+s4 ,= a two-/ory frame h\se !re are usually two foot+s ( two c\rses ea* project+ two in*es4 ,?us a n9e-in* wall w\ld h ! bottom foot+ sev5te5 in*es wide4 ,9 ord9>y ,am]ican brick "w !re is :at is call$ a bond to ea* sev5? c\rse4 ,! bond is made by lay+ ! brick crosswise ! wall r ?an l5g?wise4 ,9 t way x ties or bonds ! wall toge!r 9 ! direction ( its l5g?4 ,bel[ grade1 :]e ! brick "w is n expos$1 ! bond is made by lay+ a cont9u\s c\rse ( brick 9 ?is way4 ,above ! grade1 ! bond is made by lay+ ea* alt]nate brick across ! wall4 ,?is is call$ a head] & /ret*] bond4 ,! /ret*] is ! brick :i* lies l5g?wise ! wall 9 ! common way1 & ! head] is ! "o :i* %[s its head & runs crosswise ! wall to =m ! bond4 ,?us !re is a cont9u\s r[ ( alt]nat+ head]s & /ret*]s 9 ! bond c\rse1 :i* occurs1 z said be=e1 ea* sev5? c\rse4 ,ano!r bond1 by "s brick-lay]s call$ ! ,am]ican bond1 does n %[ on ! outside4 ,! corn]s ( ! inside ( ! out] r[ ( bricks are clipp$1 s t ! bond brick runs "p way into ! outside c\rse1 & ?us is out ( sight4 ,x is an artificial arrangem5t & n satisfactory2 x is n good con/ruction4 ,! head] & /ret*] bond is ! be/ = expos$ "w1 :]e bo? appe>ance & solidity are to be consid]$4 ,!re are o!r =ms ( bond1--! old ,engli% & ! ,flemi%1--b !y ne$ n be consid]$ "h4 ,all brick %\ld be ?or\ghly slu%$ ) mort>2 t is1 all spaces betwe5 brick %\ld be ?or\ghly fill$4 ,! ideal condition w\ld be to h all brick except+ ! expos$ faces entirely surr\nd$ by mort>4 ,! selection ( ! brick = ! expos$ fronts 9 a frame z well z a brick h\se %\ld be made be=e ! brick "w is begun2 at lea/ a l>ge supply %\ld be select$ & pil$ up4 ,:ile ! brick _c all be ( ! same %ade1 diff]5t %ades c be select$ = diff]5t walls--a light] %ade = a nor? wall1 & a d>k] = a s\? wall1 a diff]5t %ade = an ea/ & a we/ wall4 ,v slight v>iations c be made 9 ! ells & projections4 ,?is w\ld apply to press$1 /ock1 or common brick1 ?\gh press$ brick is usually select$ be=e deliv]y4 ,! be/ color = expos$ "w is a d>k *]ry r$4 ,! be/-appe>+ "w ) indiff]5t brick c be made ) ! use ( a r$di% br[n mort>4 ,! use ( ?is k9d ( mort> is increas+4 ,:ite putty mort> is made 9 ! ord9>y way1 except+ t :ite s&1 simil> to t f ,lake ,pont*>tra91 r ?an gray s&1 is us$4 ,x conta9s m lime ?an ord9>y mort>4 ,! mort> is said to be ri*]4 ,black brick are made by heat+ & !n dipp+ 9 coal-t>4 ,enamell$1 glaz$1 & color$ brick c be pur*as$ 9 ! l>g] m>kets z desir$4 ,v>i\s =ms ( ornam5tal brick "w are possible ev5 :]e only ! common brick are us$4 ,m\ld$ press$ brick are q common1 & ! results ( _! use v satisfactory4 ,brick v5e]+ is n unusual 9 sections ( ! c\ntry :]e brick is v exp5sive & ! effect ( a brick h\se desir$4 ,x is a f\r-in* brick wall an*or$ to a frame /ructure4 ,! an*or+ is sometimes accompli%$ by driv+ tw5ty-p5ny nails into wood-"w 9 a way to project into jo9ts4 ,hot-air flues 9 brick walls are sometimes t9-l9$1 ?\gh ?is is n necess>y :5 !y are smoo?ly pla/]$1 provid+ x is possible to make !m eight in*es squ>e4 ,if !y _c be made deep] ?an ! wid? ( a brick1 f\r in*es1 !y %\ld be t9-l9$4 ,a f\r-in* hot-air flue c be plac$ 9 a n9e-in* wall by sett+ ! two outside r[s ( brick on edge4 ,holl[ walls h n be5 reg>d$ ) great favor dur+ rec5t ye>s1 = ! reason t x is difficult to secure _! prop] con/ruction4 ,a holl[ wall is usually twelve in*es 9 ?ickness1 ) ! middle c\rse ( brick omitt$ except+ at ! corn]s & adjac5t to op5+s4 ,suitable ties are plac$ across ! op5 space4 ,,cell>4 ,x n[ is 9 ord] to consid] v>i\s features ( int]ior brick "w & details :i* come 9 connection !re)4 ,cell>s are usually f sev5 to eight feet deep4 ,z ?is does n give all ! height necess>y = furnace or o!r heat+ app>atus1 x is usually pitt$2 t is1 x is let d[n into ! cell> floor1 & a brick area built ar\nd ! op5+ to ! furnace-door4 ,because ( ! necessity = pitt+ ! furnace1 ! walls ( ! h\se adjac5t !reto %\ld cont9ue eighte5 in*es bel[ ! level ( o!r walls4 ,walls inside ( cell> %\ld cont9ue to ! top ( joi/4 ,?is completely sep>ates ! diff]5t comp>tm5ts ( ! cell>1 or f t "p ( ! h\se :]e !re is no cell>4 ,!re %\ld be a man-hole op5+ to ! p>ts "u ! h\se :]e !re is no cell>4 ,l9tels or wood5 supports %\ld be provid$ ov] all op5+s 9 cell>1 & ov] all op5+s 9 inside brick walls4 ,wood5 brick %\ld be provid$ & built 9 :]e x is necess>y to atta* wood "w to brick "w4 ,usually ?is is ab\t two feet six in*es ap>t 9 a v]tical or horizontal direction4 ,! wood5 brick %\ld be ! ?ickness ( ! brick itself & ! mort> jo9ts2 t is1 !re %\ld be no mort> above or bel[ a wood5 brick4 ,iron v5tilators %\ld be provid$2 "o 9 ea* outside wall "u ea* room :]e cell> w9d[s are n provid$4 ,w9d[s are n usually provid$ :]e !re is no cell>4 ,,*imneys4 ,x is kn[n t wood-"w %\ld n come directly 9 contact ) *imneys4 ,! framework %\ld nev] re/ on a *imney4 ,!re are reasons = ?is o!r ?an ^? :i* h a reg>d = safety f fire1 "o ( :i* is t ! *imney is n liable to settle4 ,if x does n1 ! %r9kage ( ! wood-"w1 :i* 9 a two-/ory frame h\se w sometimes am\nt to two in*es 9 ! height ( ! build+1 makes a high place ar\nd ! flues1 :]e ! frame comes 9 contact ) or re/s on ! *imney4 ,all *imney-/acks %\ld ext5d above highe/ po9t ( ridge ( ro(1 & ! extreme tops %\ld be laid 9 ,portl& cem5t4 ,all ! expos$ brick ( ! *imney %\ld be h>d-burn$4 ,if due reg>d 7 paid to ^! po9ts1 !re w\ld be no rickety *imney-tops4 ,all flues %\ld be ?or\ghly pla/]$ on ! inside4 ,if *imneys 7 pla/]$ on ! outside1 :]ev] !y come 9 contact ) ! wood-"w1 ! compla9t ( fires f defective flues w\ld be hu%$4 ,fig4 #ca illu/rates ! common =m ( con/ruct+ a *imney brea/ :]e a grate is to be us$4 ,! flues are eight & "o-half in*es squ>e4 ,a passage to ! a%-pit is %[n4 ,! grate op5+ is two feet wide2 ! jambs on ea* side are "o foot six in*es wide2 ?us ! entire wid? ( ! brea/ is five feet4 ,o!r dim5sions z indicat$4 ,:]e !re are grates on two floors ( ! h\se1 "o above ! o!r1 or :]e x is desirable = any reason to h a flue pass ar\nd a grate1 x is necess>y t ! brea/ %\ld be five feet wide4 ,x is cle> t ! grate f bel[ mu/ h its own flue out to ! top ( ! *imney4 ,?us ! grate flue f ! fir/ /ory mu/ pass ar\nd ! grate ( ! second /ory1 if !re be "o4 ,if !re is no grate above1 or if x is n desir$ to pass a flue ar\nd ! fir/-/ory grate1 ! *imney brea/ ne$ be only f\r feet wide2 t is1 x w\ld h ! usual two-feet op5+ to ! grate1 & twelve r ?an eighte5 in* jambs on ea* side4 ,on "o side ( ! dott$ l9e is indicat$ flue con/ruction = a brick wall1 & on ! o!r = a wood wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #ca ,! he>? %\ld re/ on :at is call$ a trimm] ar*1 :i* is made ( brick4 ,x spr+s f ! *imney brea/ to ! head] ( wood 9 front4 ,x is f\r in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,x is laid 9 ! ord9>y way1 & at ! prop] "t is fill$ on ! top ) concrete by ! mantel-sett]4 ,9 case a grate on ! second floor connects ) ! a%-pit1 "o ( ! flues at ! side is us$ = ?is purpose4 ,fig4 #cb indicates a common =m ( corn] grate4 ,! flues 9 ?is z well z ,fig4 #ca are drawn close toge!r & come out ?r\gh ! attic & ro( 9 a small] /em4 ,!re %\ld be di/9ct sep>ation ( flues4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #cb ,a%-pits are frequ5tly made ( f\r-in* brick walls /r5g!n$ by brick pila/]s4 ,^! pits are usually f ?ree to f\r feet 9 dep? & ! wid? ( ! *imney brea/1 & ne>ly z high z ! dep? ( ! cell>4 ,:]e m ?an "o grate empties into an a%-pit1 x is common to divide x into comp>tm5ts1 "o = ea* fire4 ,! top ( ! pit is cr[n$ ) a brick ar*4 ,a%-dumps are sometimes provid$ = ! grate1 dep5d+1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! k9d ( grate us$1 & a%-pit doors ( iron = ! pits !mselves4 ,,outside ,,cell>-,,way4 ,! side walls ( an outside cell>-way %\ld cont9ue to ! bottom ( cell>4 ,x %\ld be floor$ ! same z ! cell> itself4 ,,areas4 ,areas ( brick %\ld be provid$ ar\nd all cell> op5+s t cont9ue bel[ grade4 ,! bottoms ( ^! areas %\ld be floor$ ) pav+-brick4 ,?is is bett] ?an cem5t1 z x admits ( natural dra9age4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,/one ,,masonry4--,,cut ,,/one4--,,t]ra ,,cotta4--,,privy ,,vaults4--,,ci/]ns4--,,filt]s ,,= ,,ci/]ns4--,,brick ,,pavem5ts4--,,cem5t ,,pavem5ts4 ,/one f\ndations = dwell+-h\ses are usually made ( native /one1 & any?+ t may be said "h mu/ necess>ily con=m to g5]al r ?an special conditions4 ,! be/ /one t c be us$ = ?is purpose is h>d1 non-absorb5t lime/one4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( /one conglom]ates ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry :i* are valuable = f\ndation uses4 ,/one %\ld be laid up 9 lime mort> 9 ! direction ( its natural b$ 9 ! qu>ry1 ) a suffici5cy ( bond /one4 ,= ord9>y dwell+-h\se "w !re %\ld be at lea/ "o foot+ eight in*es 9 dep?1 & six in*es projection on ea* side ( ! wall4 ,/one walls = f\ndations are usually made n less ?an eighte5 in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,x is n easy to lay a good /one wall less ?an eighte5 in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,:ile ! same numb] ( cubic feet ( /one "w may co/ less ?an brick "w1 a /one f\ndation ord9>ily w\ld co/ m ?an "o ( brick = ! reason t a brick wall does n h to be s ?ick4 ,x usually takes ab\t half ! numb] ( cubic feet ( brick "w t x does ( /one "w to answ] ! same purpose4 ,:]e /one is available at l[ co/ x is be/ to use x4 ,int]ior brick walls may re/ on /one foot+s4 ,! inside ( /one walls %\ld be neatly po9t$ aft] o!r "w has be5 f9i%$4 ,/one "w above grade may be f9i%$ 9 _m ways--r&om range "w1 rubble "w1 regul> c\rse range "w1 etc4 ,aft] ! o!r "w has be5 f9i%$1 ! mort> %\ld be rak$ out a %ort di/ance & a f9i% jo9t add$4 ,,cut ,,/one4 ,cut-/one "w is too l>ge a subject to consid] 9 detail4 ,!re are sev]al po9ts :i* _c be ov]look$4 ,!re %\ld be drips cut "u all projections1 s t ! wat] w n run d[n ! o!r /one or brick "w & /a9 x4 ,a drip is m]ely a little ,v-%ap$ *annel cut on ! "u side ( ! /one "w4 ,!y are f\nd on ! "u side ( mo/ w9d[-sills4 ,9 door1 w9d[1 or o!r op5+s1 ! /one "w %\ld und]lie or ov]lie all wood "w at lea/ two in*es4 ,?is may be expla9$ by /at+ t ! /one w9d[-sill %\ld und]lie ! wood sill two in*es1 & ! w9d[ cap %\ld ov]lie ! wood cap at lea/ two in*es4 ,g5]ally speak+1 cop+ %\ld project on ea* side ( ! wall ab\t two in*es4 ,sills %\ld ext5d at lea/ "o in* beyond ! face ( ! wall4 ,w9d[-sills %\ld be no less ?an five in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,door-sills %\ld g5]ally be ab\t sev5 or eight in*es1 & ext5d at lea/ "o in* beyond ! face ( ! wall1 & ?r\gh its full ?ickness4 ,! wat] table ( ! /one f\ndation usually =ms ! w9d[ cap ( ! cell> w9d[s1 & ! cap c\rse1 :i* comes at ! grade l9e1 ! cell> w9d[-sills4 ,9 ?is case x is necess>y t ! /one %\ld run f>!r into ! wall :]e ! op5+s occur4 ,/one /eps are n ov] six & "o-half to sev5 & "o-half in*es 9 ?ickness1 ) f n9e to twelve in* treads4 ,!y und]lie & lap ab\t "o in*1 & h walls1 ! same mat]ial z ! f\ndation1 = l[] supports4 ,^! walls %\ld g to ! full dep? ( ! h\se walls ) :i* !y come 9 contact4 ,?us !re is no dang] ( settl+4 ,/one /eps are frequ5tly us$ 9 ! front ( ! y>d f ! side-walk to ! grade level :]e !re is consid]able elevation4 ,9 su* cases x is necess>y to use /one side pieces = ! /eps1 to prev5t cav+ & to make a neat f9i%4 ,:]e flagg+ is *eap1 x is well to use x = walks & por* floors4 ,,t]ra-,,cotta ,,"w4 ,t]ra cotta is ! p]fection ( brick-mak+4 ,x is ! only build+ mat]ial :i* is n affect$ by *anges ( temp]ature1 or o!r natural or artificial conditions to :i* ! build+ may be subject4 ,x may be describ$ z be+ a v pla/ic mat]ial2 t is1 any?+ c be done ) x4 ,x c be work$ into any =m t is desir$1 except+ long l9tels1 & ev5 9 t case !re are means ( arriv+ at ! desir$ result & giv+ a l9tel =m 9 a v prop] mann]4 ,ornam5tal t]ra cotta is modell$ by arti/s be=e be+ burn$1 & ! be/ results may naturally be expect$4 ,,privy ,,vault4 ,! size ( ! privy vault is usually ?ree & "o-half by f\r & "o-half feet1 elliptical1 & f t5 to tw5ty feet deep1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! soil4 ,usually x is wall$ up ) f\r-in* dry brick wall4 ,pi]s %\ld be provid$ at corn]s = privy build+4 ,9 "s in/ances x is requir$ t ! privy vault %\ld be made wat]-tight4 ,9 t case x %\ld be built ! same z a ci/]n1 ) r\nd bottom & cem5t$ int]ior surface4 ,:5 x is desir$ to connect ! privy vault ) ! sew]1 x %\ld be cem5t$ 9 ! mann] j describ$1 ) a siphon vitrifi$ pipe connection ) ! dra9 to ! sew]4 ,! siphon prev5ts solid rubbi%1 :i* may be ?r[n into ! vault1 f gett+ into ! dra9 & clogg+ x4 ,,ci/]n4 ,! ci/]n is g5]ally locat$ ne> ! re> kit*5 wall1 say t5 or twelve feet !refrom4 ,! walls1 ar*1 & neck are usually f\r in*es 9 ?ickness :5 capacity ( ci/]n does n exce$ "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five b>rels4 ,o!rwise ! brick "w m5tion$ %\ld be eight in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,! brick %\ld be laid 9 dome/ic cem5t1 & smoo?ly coat$ ) ,portl& cem5t4 ,x %\ld be connect$ ) ! d[n sp\ts ( ! h\se by means ( vitrifi$ dra9-pipe1 ! same z describ$ 9 connection ) plumb+ "w1 ?\gh x has no connection !re)4 ,! foll[+ table gives capacity ( ci/]ns ( v>i\s sizes4 ,,capacity ,,( ,,ci/]n ,,9 ,,gallons ,,= ,,ea* ,,t5 ,,in*es ,,9 ,,dep?4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,diam4 ,,diam4 ,,diam4 ,,9 ,,gallons4 ,,9 ,,gallons4 ,,9 ,,gallons4 ,,feet ,,feet4 ,,feet4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #b #aiej #f-a_/b #bjfhe #ab #gjej #b-a_/b #cjej #g #bcihh #ac #hbgd #c #ddfj #g-a_/b #bgedj #ad #ieif #c-a_/b #eiig #h #caccc #ae #a1ajaf #d #ghcc #h-a_/b #cecgb #bj #a1iehd #d-a_/b #iiad #i #cifef #be #c1jeii #e #abbdj #i-a_/b #dfadj #cj #d1djfd #e-a_/b #adhaj #aj #dhifj #ce #e1iijj #f #agfbe #aa #eibdj #dj #g1hcaj ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,filt]s4 ,!re are v>i\s ways ( =m+ a filt]4 ,"o is to h a small ci/]n ( eight or t5 b>rel capacity1 locat$ betwe5 ! ma9 ci/]n & h\se4 ,x %\ld be divid$ by a brick wall laid 9 mort>1 b n cem5t$ on ei!r side4 ,! wat] ent]s on "o side1 passes ?r\gh ! brick wall 9 ! middle1 & f !nce to ! ci/]n beyond4 ,ano!r plan is to cem5t ! wall1 leave an op5+ at ! bottom1 & pack ! side on :i* ! wat] ent]s ) *>coal1 s&1 & gravel4 ,! wat] passes ?r\gh ?is pack+ & ! op5+ bel[ to ! o!r side ( ! filt]1 & !n to ! ci/]n4 ,/ill ano!r plan is to build ! p>tition z fir/ describ$ on ! inside ( ! ci/]n prop]4 ,all ( ! wat] passes to "o side ( ! divid$ ci/]n1 & ?r\gh ! p>tition be=e be+ drawn out4 ,?us x has to pass ?r\gh ! brick be=e x is to be drawn out4 ,/ill ano!r filt] is made by build+ :at is call$ a beehive 9 ! bottom ( ! ci/]n4 ,x is a beehive =m ( brick "w1 ) ! pump pipe lead+ to ! inside1 s t all wat] has to be drawn ?r\gh ! brick beehive be=e x is pump$ out4 ,accord+ to ?is plan1 z well z ! o!rs m5tion$1 ! wat] is /ra9$ ?r\gh ! brick4 ,x is be/ t ! ci/]n & indep5d5t filt]1 :5 us$1 %\ld be provid$ ) iron rims & ca/-iron cov]s4 ,x is good practice to connect ! ci/]n ) a dry well1 :i* is con/ruct$ ! same z an op5 vault except+ t ! top is ar*$4 ,?is dry-well connection is by means ( five-in* vitrifi$ pipe laid 9 ! same mann] z sew] pipe4 ,!re is a practice1 altoge!r too common among build]s1 ( connect+ ! ci/]n ov]fl[ ) ! vault or sew]4 ,no?+ c\ld be worse ?an ?is4 ,! wat] is c]ta9 to be pollut$4 ,,brick ,,pavem5t4 ,brick pavem5ts are us$ = walks ar\nd ! h\se1 & sometimes = cell> floors4 ,cem5t floors1 h[ev]1 are bett] = cell>s4 ,brick pavem5t ( all k9ds %\ld be made ( h>d-burn$ bricks1 laid on a six or eight in* b$ ( s&4 ,! brick walk %\ld n be laid until aft] all ! grad+ & fill+ ( ! lot has be5 done4 ,x is be/ to leave ! brick walks out ( ! g5]al contract1 s t ?is "w c be delay$ until aft] ! h\se is f9i%$4 ,x is a good ?+ to h ! sodd+ & ! pav+ 9 ! same contract4 ,! contractor :o att5ds to ! sodd+ c "w ! two toge!r to a bett] advantage ?an if ! walks 7 plac$ & ! sodd+ done aft]w>ds4 ,,cem5t ,,pavem5t4 ,cem5t pavem5ts are us$ = walks ar\nd ! h\se1 & = cell> floors4 ,cem5t is m exp5sive ?an brick4 ,! surface to be cov]$ %\ld1 fir/1 be levell$1 !n saturat$ ) wat]2 aft] :i* is laid a ?ree-in* b$ ( cem5t concrete1 made ( gravel1 s&1 & cem5t 9 prop] proportions4 ,^u ?is is plac$ a ?ree-f\r?-in* lay] ( cem5t mort>4 ,ord9>y ,am]ican1 hydraulic cem5t may be us$ = concrete1 b = ! ?ree-f\r?-in* lay] no?+ b be/ ,portl& cem5t %\ld be consid]$4 ,sometimes ! cem5t "w 9 ! cell> is done by ! pla/]]4 ,outside cem5t "w = walks requires special skill4 ,9 mo/ l>ge cities !re are ^? :o make a bus9ess ( do+ ?is "w4 ,!y h diff]5t =mulas & me?ods ( rea*+ ! prop] results4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,c>p5t] ,,"w4--,,fram+4--,,size ,,( ,,timb]s4--,,height ,,( ,,/ories4--,,joi/4--,,/ud ,,walls4--,,outside ,,%ea?+4--,,build+-,,pap]4--,,ro(s4--,,o utside ,,f9i%4--,,outside ,,%+le ,,walls4--,,outside ,,cas+s4--,,w9d[s ,,) ,,box ,,frames4--,,h+$ ,,or ,,pivot$ ,,w9d[s4--,,outside ,,%utt]s4--,,por*es4--,,lattice ,,por*es4 ,,c>p5t] ,,"w4 ,9 consid]+ c>p5t] "w1 we w fir/ take up fram+1 & ev]y?+ :i* p]ta9s to ! outside ( ! h\se4 ,all mat]ial us$ = fram+ %\ld be s\nd1 squ>e-edg$ mat]ial1 free f imp]fections t5d+ to impair its use1 durability1 or /r5g?4 ,9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 diff]5t k9ds ( lumb] are /&>d = fram+ purposes4 ,9 ! ,s\? & sections contigu\s to x1 yell[ p9e is us$2 9 ! ,nor?1 :ite p9e1 hemlock1 ,norway spruce1 popl>1 & ev5 h>d wood4 ,x is nei!r pr(itable nor desirable 9 ?is connection to indicate any p>ticul> mat]ial2 x is natural to use ! *eape/ t is suffici5tly /rong = fram+4 ,! foll[+ table indicates ! sizes ( timb] 9 common use 9 fram+ an ord9>y dwell+4 ,sills1 outside walls #f' #h ,sills1 inside walls #f #h ,l9tels1 ov] op5+s #f #aj ,gird]s1 ov] pi]s #f #aj ,plates #d ?ick ,raft]s1 #bj on c5tres #b #f ,horizontal purl9s1 or ro( supports #d #f ,ro( po/s #d #d ,bridg+ #b #d ,joi/s1 #a/ ti] #b #aj #af on c5tres #b;d ti] #b #aj #af #c;d ti] #b #h #af deck #b #f #bj ,/uds #b #d #af ,raft]s1 or deck joi/1 #af on c5tres1 :5 to be pla/]$4 ,sizes "h giv5 may n be adapt$ to all sections4 ,!re is no occasion = be+ arbitr>y4 ,! sizes may be con=m$ to ! mat]ial :i* is ord9>ily us$4 ,/ories t5 & a half feet high are g5]ally consid]$ ! limit 9 an ord9>y frame h\se at ?is "t4 ,n9e & a half & t5 are m common4 ,?is is q diff]5t f ! g5]al t5d5cy to high /ories a few ye>s ago4 ,c]ta9ly1 x is m rational4 ,,joi/s4 ,joi/s are usually dress$1 s t !y h ab\t "o-half-in* cr[n or curve on _! upp] surface1 :i* w\ld make ! c5tre ( ! room ab\t "o-half in* high] ?an ! sides4 ,!y %\ld be trimm$ s t all are ( ! same wid? & =m4 ,d\ble trimm]s & head]s--t is1 d\ble joi/--%\ld be fram$ ar\nd all *imney-brea/s1 well-holes1 scuttles1 & op5+s 9 ! wall4 ,9 dwell+-h\se "w !y %\ld be mortis$ & t5on$ toge!r1 z %\ld be ! pieces connect+ !re)4 ,9 v *eap "w head]s & trimm]s are sometimes spik$ toge!r4 ,?is is n good practice4 ,= v good "w1 :]e heavy weights are to be c>ri$1 trimm]s & head]s %\ld be support$ on wr\ght-iron /rips4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n necess>y 9 ord9>y dwell+-h\se "w4 ,joi/s long] ?an eighte5 feet %\ld be twelve in*es 9 wid?4 ,^? runn+ adjac5t or p>allel to p>tition or o!r walls %\ld be firmly spik$ !reto4 ,d\ble joi/s %\ld be plac$ "u all p>titions & supports hav+ no support f bel[4 ,:]e ! weight is extra heavy1 ! d\ble joi/s %\ld be truss$ by a two-by-f\r-in* /ud1 spik$ 9 truss =m1 betwe5 !m4 ,!re %\ld be "o r[ ( truss bridg+ to ea* span or ti]1 size z indicat$4 ,head] %\ld be fram$ across pipe duct1 ab\t eighte5 in*es !refrom4 ,,/ud ,,walls4 ,see ,fig4 #cc4 ,walls & p>titions are usually ( two-by-f\r-in* /udd+4 ,9 l>ge h\ses x is be/ t ! /udd+ be two by six in*es1 & plates f\r in*es 9 ?ickness & ! wid? ( ! /udd+ are commonly plac$ at ! bottom & top ( ! walls ( ea* /ory4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! /udd+ cont9ues to ! height ( two /ories1 & ! joi/s are support$ on a "o-by-six-in* ribbon piece let into ! /udd+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #cc ,trusses or supports %\ld be fram$ ov] all op5+s4 ,slid+-door pockets or runways %\ld be l9$ ) floor+4 ,all corn]s & angles %\ld be fram$ solid & h two-in* projections = la?+4 ,/udd+ f\r by f\r in*es ?ick %\ld be fram$ ar\nd all w9d[ op5+s & on ?ree sides ( ! door op5+s2 bridg+1 two by two in*es1 "o r[ = ea* /ory4 ,gr\nds %\ld be plac$ on ! inside op5+s1 & else:]e = pla/]+4 ,! pipe duct1 f\rte5 in*es wide1 %\ld be plac$ betwe5 /udd+ f kit*5 to attic floor4 ,all outside walls ( frame h\ses %\ld be diagonally %ea!d ) sev5-eigh?s-by-six-in* dress$ %ea?+4 ,tongu$ & groov$ mat]ial is be/ = ?is purpose1 al?\gh x is n 9 common use4 ,all %ea?+ %\ld be cov]$ ) six-p\nd siz$ build+-pap]4 ,sometimes ! insides ( brick walls are furr$4 ,?is means t !y are l9$ on ! inside ) wood /rips two in*es 9 ?ickness1 sixte5 in*es on c5tres1 & !n la!d & pla/]$4 ,?is prev5ts ! passage ( ! moi/ure ?r\gh ! brick into ! inside ( ! room4 ,v>i\s =ms ( %ea?+ la? = inside %ea?+ ( a frame h\se are n[ 9 use4 ,?is =m ( la? contemplates a sev5-eigh?-in* tongu$ & groov$ %ea?+ on ! inside ) dove-tail$ *annels cut into its surface1 :i* =m key-room = ! pla/]+4 ,,ro(4 ,mo/ ro(s c be =m$ ) out-po/s & purl9s4 ,all c be =m$ 9 ?is way :]e co/ is n consid]$4 ,an ord9>y dwell+-h\se ( ! size giv5 9 ^! plans does n require sep>ate po/s & purl9s4 ,!re %\ld be d\ble raft]s ar\nd all *imneys & op5+s 9 ! ro(4 ,! ro( %\ld be %ea!d ) sev5-eigh?s by f\r-in* mat]ial2 :]e expos$ to view1 ) five-&-"o-half-in* bead$ floor+4 ,:]e deck fram+ is requir$1 po/s & purl9s are necess>y1 size accord+ to weight to be c>ri$4 ,:]e %+les are us$ = ro(+1 !y %\ld be laid f\r & "o-half in*es to ! wea!r = sixte5-in* %+les1 ) two nails to ea*4 ,x is be/ t %+les %\ld be dipp$ 9 /a91 oil1 or pa9t be=e !y are put on ! ro(4 ,! durability ( %+les is n increas$ by be+ pa9t$ aft] !y h be5 laid4 ,! ridge f9i% ( ! %+le or slate ro( %\ld be ( galvaniz$ iron1 ) ab\t f\r-in* lap on ea* side4 ,x may be made z ornam5tal z desir$4 ,wood %\ld nev] be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,hips & ridges ( slate or %+le ro(s may be f9i%$ ) t9 or galvaniz$ iron1 lapp$ on ea* side ab\t ?ree & "o-half in*es4 ,gutt]s ( galvaniz$ iron set up on ! fir/ c\rse ( %+les or slate1 ) metallic support f above or bel[1 are bett] ?an gutt]s ( wood t9-l9$4 ,:]e slate cov]+ is us$1 any size slate desir$ may be employ$1 be>+ 9 m9d t ! bond %\ld n be less ?an ?ree & "o-half or f\r in*es4 ,!re %\ld be two nails to ea* slate4 ,,outside ,,f9i%4 ,all lumb] us$ = outside f9i% %\ld be ?or\ghly season$1 cle>1 smoo?ly dress$1 & free f imp]fections t5d+ to impair its use1 durability1 /r5g?1 or appe>ance4 ,popl> is ! ideal build+ mat]ial = outside f9i%4 ,x takes pa9t bett] ?an o!r woods us$ = ?is purpose4 ,h[ev]1 p9e is g5]ally us$1 = ! reason t x is *eap]4 ,wea!r-bo>d+ is usually laid ) an in* lap f\r & "o-half in*es to ! wea!r2 ?ree & "o-half in*es is bett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig #cd ,drop sid+1 or ,g]man sid+ z x is sometimes call$1 makes a w>m] & bett] wall ?an wea!r-bo>d+4 ,x is usually six or eight in*es wide1 & 9 =m & con/ruction z indicat$ by ,fig4 #cd4 ,outside %+le walls are n[ q common4 ,%+les are us$ = ornam5tal purposes 9 a l>ge proportion ( ! h\ses t are built2 9 "s in/ances !y are us$ exclusively = outside cov]+4 ,9 su* cases !y are undress$1 & are /a9$ commonly ) "o ( ! propriet>y /a9s n[ on ! m>ket4 ,be=e be+ plac$ !y are dipp$ into ! /a9 = ab\t eight in*es f _! buts1 & are laid 9 piles to dry4 ,any desir$ color may be secur$1 & !re are in/ances :]e /a9$ %+l$ walls h gone )\t any att5tion or exp5se = eight or t5 ye>s4 ,dress$ %+les are commonly pa9t$4 ,_! =m may be z ornam5tal z desir$4 ,outside %+les are sometimes laid five & "o-half in*es to ! wea!r1 b f\r & "o-half is bett]4 ,x is n uncommon at ?is "t to leave all %+les unpa9t$ & un/a9$4 ,! effect is v agreeable :5 !y become wea!r-/a9$4 ,,outside ,,cas+s4 ,all horizontal trimm+s & cas+s %\ld be bevell$ on ! top to %$ ! wat]4 ,!y %\ld run back "u ! %+l$ wea!r-bo>d+ or o!r outside cov]+4 ,!re %\ld be t9 cov]+ = all projections 9 excess ( "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*4 ,ord9>y w9d[ or door cas+s outside are usually ?ree-eigh?s in* ?ick4 ,,w9d[s4 ,all w9d[s 9 ! "p ( ! h\se regul>ly occupi$ %\ld h box frames4 ,pulley /yles %\ld be ( h>d wood1 & ! inside bead %\ld be secur$ ) r\nd-head$ screws4 ,sa% = plate glass %\ld be "o & ?ree-f\r?s in* ?ick2 side rail1 two & "o-half in*es 9 rabbet2 bottom rail1 ?ree & "o-eigh? in*es2 & meet+ rail1 "o & "o-f\r? in* 9 ! rabbet4 ,sa% = common glass may be "o & ?ree-eigh?s in* ?ick4 ,o!r sizes1 z giv54 ,sa%1 = rooms f9i%$ 9 h>d wood is bett] :5 ( ! wood 9 :i* ! room is f9i%$4 ,h[ev]1 :]e !re is great v>iation ?is is n necess>y4 ,qu>t]$ oak is ! mat]ial commonly us$ = h>d-wood sa%4 ,almo/ any h>d wood is m liable to w>p ?an p9e4 ,all box frames %\ld be provid$ ) turn$ axle pulleys4 ,no?+ b ! be/ plait$ cotton sa%-cord %\ld be us$4 ,necess>y weights %\ld be provid$4 ,9 "s ( ! plans :]e wide front w9d[s are indicat$1 ! design is call$ pocket head4 ,!re is a pocket above ! head ( ! frame s t a high sa% may be run into x4 ,! sa% may be pu%$ up into ! pocket2 t is1 x runs into ! wall above ! head ( ! frame4 ,:]e ! pocket-head w9d[ is us$1 x is necess>y t !re be a cle> space above ! frame = ! sa% to be run up equal to ! height ( ! sa% itself4 ,h+$ or pivot$ w9d[s h rabbet$ frames :i* are usually "o & ?ree-eigh?s in* ?ick4 ,!y are us$ = ! mo/ "p 9 unf9i%$ cell>s1 attics1 & unoccupi$ p>ts ( ! h\se1 & pref]ably = pantry1 /ore-room1 &1 occasionally1 ba?-room w9d[s4 ,!y may be hung on h+es or pivots4 ,h+es are bett]1 = ! reason t fly scre5s _c be us$ :]e ! sa% is pivot$4 ,sills %\ld slant tw5ty degrees1 ) drip piece secur$ to outside4 ,?is prev5ts ! /orm f bl[+ wat] to ! inside4 ,,outside ,,%utt]s4 ,outside %utt]s are usually "o & ?ree-eigh?s in* ?ick1 ) movable slats2 if m ?an six & "o-half feet high1 !y %\ld be made 9 ?ree panels ea*4 ,arrangem5ts are provid$ by v>i\s manufactur]s ( h>dw>e = op5+ outside %utt]s f ! inside ( ! room4 ,!y may be swung ei!r f ! sides or top at w4 ,:5 !y are susp5d$ f above !y act z an awn+2 !y admit ! air b n ! rays ( ! sun4 ,sometimes %utt]s are cut at ! meet+ rail1 s t ! upp] or l[] section may be op5$ z desir$4 ,,por*es4 ,at ?is "t x is n usual to provide special ceil+ = por*es4 ,! raft]s & all expos$ mat]ial are dress$ s t !y may be pa9t$ or /a9$4 ,floor joi/s are n usually m ?an two by eight in*es2 sills1 ab\t six by eight4 ,! floor %\ld be incl9$ ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* to ! foot1 & made ( h>d wood1 tongu$ & groov$1 n ov] two & ?ree-f\r?s in*es 9 wid?4 ,edges %\ld be f9i%$ ) nos+s1 :i* are r\nd$ edges4 ,! ro( ( ! por* is usually ! same z t ( ! body ( ! h\se4 ,gutt]s are simil> to ^? on o!r ro(s4 ,rail+ & turn$ balu/]s are usual1 except+ :]e an op5+ = passage is desir$4 ,,lattice ,,por*4 ,framework ( lattice por* is g5]ally ! same =m z o!r por*es4 ,! cov]+ is usually made ) "o-&-?ree-eigh?s-in* mat]ial1 laid diagonal2 op5+s1 "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*4 ,door & h>dw>e1 same z us$ = o!r p>ts ( ! h\se1 are g5]ally provid$4 ,,outside ,,/eps4 ,outside /eps ( wood usually h h>d-wood treads made ( sev5-eigh?s-by-two-&-"o-half-in* pieces1 ) ?ree- eigh?s-in* space betwe52 c>riages %\ld be two by t5 in*es1 ab\t sixte5 on c5tres4 ,rail+ & po/s = /eps %\ld be provid$ if necess>y4 ,lattice %\ld be plac$ "u por*es & outside /eps1 & betwe5 all outside pi]s4 ,outside lattice-"w 9 y>d may be ( ! same g5]al design z m5tion$ = lattice-"w por*es4 ,g5]al /atem5ts z to outside wood-"w apply alike to brick or frame h\ses1 ) c]ta9 omissions t %\ld be obvi\s to an intellig5t read]4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,inside ,,wood-,,"w4--,,floors4--,,s(t ,,& ,,h>d ,,wood ,,floors4--,,tabulat$ ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,inside ,,f9i%4--,,diff]5t ,,k9ds ,,( ,,wood4--,,doors ,,& ,,frames4--,,fly ,,scre5s4--,,inside ,,cas+s4--,,wa9scot+4--,,inside ,,%utt]s4--,,wood-,,"w ,,= ,,plumb+4--,,kit*5 ,,s9k ,,& ,,fitt+s4--,,kit*5 ,,tables4--,,cell>-,,s9k ,,fitt+s4--,,wood-,,"w ,,= ,,ba?-,,tub4--,,wat]-,,closets4--,,wa%-, ,/&s4--,,tank4--,,picture ,,m\ld+4--,,closet ,,fitt+s4--,,broom-,,rack4--,,c$>-,,clos et4--,,dry-,,box4--,,clock ,,%elf4--,,*9a-,,room ,,fitt+s4--,,pantry ,,fitt+s4--,,/airways4 ,,inside ,,wood-,,"w4 ,all mat]ial %\ld be p]fectly cle>1 fir/-class1 ?or\ghly season$1 kiln-dri$1 dress$ mat]ial1 free f imp]fections t5d+ to impair its use1 durability1 /r5g?1 or appe>ance4 ,all inside f9i% except+ floors %\ld be s&-pap]$4 ,:]e an especially good f9i% is desir$1 all %\ld be scrap$ z well4 ,,floors4 ,9 prep>+ = floors1 x is n unusual to make arrangem5ts = prev5t+ ! passage ( s\nd4 ,?is is done by dead5+4 ,! usual me?od is to nail /rips ab\t two in*es & a half f ! top edge ( ! joi/1 on :i* are laid "o-in* bo>ds4 ,?is leaves an in* & a half betwe5 _! surface & ! upp] edge ( ! joi/4 ,?is may be fill$ 9 ) concrete1 m9]al wool1 or o!r non-conduct+ mat]ial4 ,ei!r is v effective 9 prev5t+ ! passage ( s\nd f ! floors to ! rooms bel[4 ,9 a dwell+-h\se :]e two floors only are 9 common use1 x is only necess>y to dead5 ! second floor4 ,a p]man5t %ea?+ floor ( ! same mat]ial t is us$ = r\gh sid+ may be plac$ ov] all joi/s ( fir/ & second floors = a floor dur+ ! pla/]+ ( ! h\se4 ,?is does n act z dead5+1 unless concrete or m9]al wool be plac$ ov] x4 ,x is well to h a floor ( ?is k9d = use dur+ pla/]+4 ,x also makes ! l[] floor w>m]4 ,x %\ld be cov]$ ) build+-pap] be=e ! f9i%$ floor is laid4 ,f9i%$ floors %\ld ext5d ?r\gh\t ! fir/ & second /ories & ! attic4 ,!y are commonly ( p9e or o!r s(t wood4 ,! mat]ial is tongu$ & groov$1 secret-nail$1 & %\ld be smoo!d (f aft] lay+4 ,! bo>ds %\ld nev] be wid] ?an five & a half in*es1 nor less 9 ?ickness ?an sev5-eigh?s ( an in*4 ,!y %\ld be free f sap1 l>ge1 loose1 or black knots4 ,h>d-wood floors may be ( h>d p9e1 oak1 maple1 or o!r h>d wood t is readily obta9able or desirable4 ,?is mat]ial %\ld n be m ?an two & ?ree-f\r?s in*es 9 wid?1 nor less ?an sev5-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ?ickness1 & %\ld be tongu$ & groov$1 secret-nail$1 & smoo!d (f & scrap$ aft] lay+4 ,a bett] grade ( p9e floor+ ?an t m5tion$ may be _h if desir$4 ,x is be/ t all floors be laid aft] pla/]+4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is n ! common practice4 ,! c>p5t] %\ld cut out floor+ z direct$1 & prep>e = he>?s 9 prop] places4 ,o!r inside dress$ wood-"w %\ld nev] be plac$ 9 position until aft] ! pla/]+ is f9i%$ & dry4 ,! foll[+ table is f a specification 9 use by myself1 & %[s ! k9d ( lumb]1 /yle ( doors1 f9i% ( wood1 pa9t]s' f9i%1 & rooms suppli$ ) plate glass1 & ! g5]al /yle ( h>dw>e4 ,! detail specification makes cle> ! po9ts "h outl9$4 ,! fill+ out ( ! blanks indicates ! range & /yle ( f9i% :i* frequ5tly occur4 ,! lett]+ ( ! doors & f9i% ref]s to draw+s & details1 a "p ( :i* are giv5 9 ?is connection4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,d ,f ,t ,o ,d ,p ,f ,r ,w ,p ,s ,h ,o ,i ,h ,f ,o ,a ,i ,o ,i ,l ,t ,a ,o ,n ,i ,o ,i ,n ,o ,t ,a ,y ,r ,r ,i ,c ,r ,n ,i ,m ,h ,t ,l ,d ,,k9d ,s ,s ,k 4 ,t ,s ,s ,e ,e ,w ,,floors4 ,,( ,h ,n ,e ,h - ,a ,,lumb]4 ,a 4 ,e ,r 4 ,g ,o ,r ,n ,s ,s ,l ,f ,e ,d ,s ' ,a 4 ,s ,s 4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,fir/ ,,floor4 ,front ,hall ,qu4 ,oak4 ,a #a-c_/d -- -- -- ,p>lor ,a #a-c_/d ,all ,oil4 -- -- ,sitt+-,room ,sycamore4 ,a #a-c_/d -- -- -- ,libr>y ,a #a-c_/d -- -- -- ,re> ,hall ,gum4 ,a #a-c_/d -- -- -- ,d9+-,room ,a #a-c_/d -- -- -- ,*amb] -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,kit*5 ,pla9 ,oak4 ,d #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,b$rooms -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ,pantry ,d #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,*9a ,room ,d #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,,second ,,floor4 ,front ,hall ,gum4 ,e #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,*amb] ,p9e4 ,e #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,e #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,e #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,e #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,re> ,b$room ,popl>4 ,d #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,alcove ,p9e4 ,e #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,ba?-,room ,qu4 ,oak4 ,d #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,re> ,hall ,p9e4 ,d #a-c_/h -- -- -- ,o!r rooms ,d #a-c_/h -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,x may be said1 9 g5]al t]ms1 9 reg>d to ! diff]5t k9ds ( wood us$ 9 f9i%+ a h\se1 t1 all ?+s consid]$1 h>d wood ( "o k9d or ano!r is pref]able1 = ! reason t x /&s ! g5]al we> & te> ( h\se-keep+ ) less evid5ce ( ! /ruggle4 ,s(t wood--p9e or popl>--is only to be us$ because x is *eap] ?an ! o!r4 ,qu>t]$ oak1 qu>t]$ sycamore1 *]ry1 maple1 walnut & *e/nut may be class$ z ! h>d woods 9 ord9>y use 9 f9i%+ h\ses ( mod]ate co/4 ,gum is difficult to class4 ,x is nei!r h>d nor s(t4 ,o!rs might be m5tion$ 9 ?is same connection4 ,p9e & o!r res9\s woods are m5tion$ z s(t woods2 z is also popl>1 call$ 9 "s sections :ite-wood4 ,any ( ^! woods may be oil-f9i%$1 accord+ to ! g5]al =mula indicat$ else:]e1 or any ( !m may be /a9$4 ,bir* /a9s v nicely4 ,,doors ,,& ,,frames4 ,door-frames1 :5 rabbet$1 %\ld n be less ?an "o & ?ree-eigh?s in* 9 ?ickness4 ,sometimes ! /rip is screw$ to ! frame4 ,9 t case ! frame is (t5 n m ?an "o & "o-eigh? in* ?ick4 ,"o & ?ree-eigh?s in*1 h[ev]1 is bett]4 ,front doors or pr9cipal entrance doors are frequ5tly h>d wood :5 all ! o!rs are s(t wood4 ,all outside doors are g5]ally fill$ ) glass 9 _! upp] panels4 ,slid+ doors %\ld be ! same g5]al design z o!r adjac5t doors4 ,"o additional panel to ea* additional twelve in*es 9 excess ( wid? ( o!r doors may be provid$4 ,slid+ doors %\ld be hung f above4 ,h>d-wood doors are usually solid4 ,all except+ p9e are be/ made ( a v5e]1 "o-f\r? in* ?ick on a "o-&-?ree-eigh?s-in* p9e body1 z indicat$ by ,fig4 #ce4 ,sometimes doors are made 9 two ?icknesses ( h>d wood4 ,?is is n z good z a s+le ?ickness4 ,?ree ?icknesses are bett]4 ,! only door to be recomm5d$1 h[ev]1 is ! v5e]$ door4 ,su* doors w n w>p2 o!rs are liable to d s4 ,transoms may be hung on pivots1 & %\ld be provid$ ) cat*es1 &1 if heavy or high1 ) adju/able lifts4 ,transoms are sometimes us$ 9 doors on ! second floor1 ?\gh ?is practice is less common ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,:]e doors ) transoms are us$1 x is n uncommon to h ! closet doors ext5d to ! full height ( ! transom tops1 & provide additional top panels4 ,doors six feet t5 in*es 9 height1 or less1 & n m ?an "o & ?ree-eigh?s in* 9 ?ickness1 may be hung on two ?ree-&-"o-half by ?ree-&-"o-half-in* buts4 ,if high] ?an ?is or wid] ?an ?ree feet1 !y %\ld be hung on ?ree buts or h+es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce ,doors 9 unf9i%$ cell>s may be made ( two ?icknesses ( sev5-eigh?s bead$ floor+2 frames ! same z 9 rooms above4 ,a sev5-eigh?s batt5 door1 ) "o-&-?ree-eigh?s-in* frame1 %\ld be provid$ = man-hole 9 cell>4 ,scuttle doors1 :]e requir$1 may be sev5-eigh?s in* 9 ?ickness1 batt5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf ,cuts #ce1 #cf1 #cg indicate ord9>y /yle ( inside door & w9d[ f9i%1 ! sizes & heights be+ m>k$4 ,doors f d9+-room to *9a-closet & *9a-closet to kit*5 %\ld be hung on d\ble-spr+ h+es1 s t !y w sw+ ei!r way & come back to position4 ,! slide f ! kit*5 to *9a-closet or d9+-room %\ld be hung ! same z sa%1 ) plait$ cotton sa%-cord1 pulleys1 & weights1 & provid$ ) lifts & bolt fa/5+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg ,frames %\ld be provid$ = op5+ into bay w9d[s1 w9d[-seats1 alcoves1 & pila/]s4 ,/op beads = glaz$ & slid+ doors %\ld be secur$ ) r\nd-head$ screws4 ,!re %\ld be corn] beads = ext]nal angles4 ,,fly ,,scre54 ,9 ! mod]n h\se all outside op5+s1 f cell> to attic1 are provid$ ) fly scre5s4 ,!y are n[ made by conc]ns :o make x a bus9ess to d ?is "w1 & are mu* bett] ?an ^? made by ! ord9>y c>p5t]4 ,!y are arrang$ s t !y w slide up & d[n on ! inside or outside /op1 & are f9i%$ 9 e way to correspond ) ! o!r wood-"w ( ! h\se4 ,!y ne$ n be m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 ?ickness if prop]ly made4 ,a small /rip is secur$ to ! /op bead1 & a correspond+ groove is cut 9 ! scre5 frame4 ,a spr+ !re9 holds x firm1 & admits ( _! removal )\t tr\ble or wa/e ( "t4 ,special h>dw>e is provid$ = door & w9d[ scre5s4 ,,inside ,,cas+s4 ,! commone/ way ( con/ruct+ cas+s at ?is "t is indicat$ 9 ,figs4 #ce & #cf1 %[+ inside ( doors & w9d[s4 ,?is is "o ( ! lea/ exp5sive =ms1 & is adapt$ to all ord9>y "w4 ,! cas+s are usually sev5-eigh?s in* ?ick1 ! corn] & pl9? blocks "o & "o-eigh? in* ?ick4 ,! pl9? block comes at ! bottom ( ! cas+4 ,"o reason t ?is =m ( cas+ is 9 su* g5]al use is1 t ! corn] block conceals any slight %r9kage :i* !re may be 9 ! wood4 ,:]e !re is a mitr$ or flu% jo9t1 ! %r9kage is c]ta9 to %[4 ,cas+s z elaborate z any "o is incl9$ to pay = may be us$4 ,w9d[1 door1 alcove1 & o!r cas+s are g5]ally all ( "o design 9 a room4 ,all gird]s & projections bel[ ceil+s %\ld be cas$4 ,,base4 ,! base-bo>d ar\nd ! room %\ld be pla91 s t x may be readily clean$4 ,:]e x is ornam5t$1 x adds no?+ to ! appe>ance ( ! room4 ,!re %\ld be a base = all pla/]$ walls4 ,g5]ally !y %\ld be n m ?an eight in*es high1 sev5-eigh?s in* ?ick1 bevell$ at ! top & a qu>t] r\nd at ! bottom4 ,a five-eigh?s-in* adju/able lip may be put on at ! top1 to take up ! inequalities 9 ! pla/]4 ,! closet base may be =m$ ( a qu>t] r\nd only if x is pla/]$ & skimm$ to ! floor4 ,x is well to h z little wood-"w z possible 9 ! closet4 ,,wa9scot+4 ,wa9scot+ kit*51 ba?1 & o!r rooms is n z common z x once 04 ,?is is because wood-"w is m difficult to keep clean ?an pla/]+4 ,:]ev] !re is wa9scot+1 !re mu/ necess>ily be jo9ts4 ,^! are difficult to keep clean4 ,panel wood-"w1 or o!r =m ( decoration = wall or ceil+1 may be us$ 9 rooms accord+ to ! disposition ( ! own] & ! ta/e ( ! ar*itect4 ,,inside ,,%utt]s4 ,inside %utt]s are n s univ]sally us$ 9 good h\ses z !y 7 a few ye>s ago4 ,drap]ies1 ?\gh m exp5sive1 are pref]r$1 & are tak+ _! place4 ,inside slid+ %utt]s1 arrang$ 9 sev]al sections & con/ruct$ accord+ to ! g5]al plan describ$ = fly-scre5s1 are 9 m common use4 ,roll+ slats :i* roll into a pocket are to be ?\ght ( only 9 connection ) an exp5sive dwell+4 ,! common inside %utt] is ord9>ily sev5-eigh?s in* 9 ?ickness1 f\r panels wide1 bead$1 & cut at ! meet+ rail2 & ! f\r c5tre panels are provid$ ) movable slats4 ,! special designs ( inside %utt]s m5tion$ are manufactur$ by v>i\s e/abli%m5ts ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & are adv]tis$ 9 v>i\s magaz9es & p]iodicals4 ,"u any circum/ances ! own] w h to inve/igate propriet>y goods & special furni%+s = himself4 ,!y are n to be consid]$ 9 a "w ( ?is k9d4 ,,wood-,,"w ,,= ,,plumb+4 ,all %\ld be put up 9 a way to make plumb+ readily accessible by ! removal ( screws4 ,! pipe duct %\ld be locat$ z requir$ 9 ! kit*51 & pass f basem5t to attic floor4 ,! inside measurem5t %\ld be sev5 by twelve in*es4 ,x %\ld be con/ruct$ ( sev5 eigh?s-in* lumb]4 ,9 case ( /ud p>titions1 ! duct may be let into ! wall ! full dep? all[$ by /udd+4 ,! front w project into ! kit*54 ,all %\ld be ( cle> lumb]1 ! same z o!r wood us$ 9 f9i%+4 ,a v5tilat+ op5+1 five in*es 9 diamet]1 may be provid$ at ! top ( ! duct4 ,?is may be connect$ ) pipe & funnel1 or o!r device1 plac$ ov] ! kit*5 range4 ,! c>p5t] %\ld provide pipe bo>ds = all pipe runs4 ,! foll[+1 9 reg>d to wood-"w = plumb+1 is f ! specification ( an ar*itect3 ,,kit*5 ,,s9k ,,& ,,fitt+s4--,wood rim1 #g_/h by #b-a_/b in*es2 skirt1 #g_/h by #f-a_/b in*es2 support on cleat at back1 pla9 oak1 #a-c_/h-;in* turn$ legs 9 front4 ,,spla%-,,bo>d4--#g_/h by #ad in*es1 scurf$ back2 #g_/h by #b in*es1 pla9 top4 ,,dra9-,,bo>d4--,%all be #bb in*es long by #ba in*es wide1 #g_/h in* ?ick1 #a in* incl9e2 *annell$ top2 skirt1 #c by #g_/h cleat$ ) two cleats at bottom4 ,"o end %all re/ on s9k1 side on wall cleat1 o!r end on turn$ leg4 ,full l5g? ( tables1 s9k1 & dra94 ,,tables4--,!re %all be two tables connect$ ) dra9 & s9k1 ea* #ba in*es wide1 #b by #f in*es long1 #g_/h ?ick2 skirt1 #c by #g_/h in*es4 ,cleat$ back4 ,secur$ & support$ same z dra94 ,,o!r ,,s9ks3-- ,,cell> ,,s9k4--,provide #g_/h-;by-#c-;in* support+ rim1 #b-a_/b in*es by #g_/h in* top4 #a-c_/h squ>e legs4 ,,ba?-,,tub4--,case sides & ends ) #g_/h-;by-#b-c_/d-;in* oak bo>d1 tongu$ & groov$ mat]ial1 secret-nail$4 ,batt5 foot-cas+1 & put 9 9 "o piece ) r\nd-head$ blue screws4 ,cap top4 ,,spla%-,,bo>d4--,wa9scot+ same z tub cas+1 #f in*es high4 ,cap top 9 two memb]s #g_/h in* ?ick4 ,,wat]-,,closet4--,h+$ flap & seat1 ea* #g_/h in* ?ick2 skirt1 #g_/h by #e in*es2 support on #a-c_/h turn$ legs 9 front1 cleat at back4 ,case wat]-closet tank1 m\ld top4 ,,wa%-,,/&s4--,provide supports "u m>ble top4 ,case sides same z specifi$ = tub4 ,make cleat$ door 9 front ( same mat]ial4 ,provide h+es & fa/5+s4 ,,tank4--,a tank %all be plac$ 9 attic2 capacity1 #h b>rels4 ,con/ruct ) #a-c_/d-;in* pl\gh$ & tongu$ mat]ial1 ) two #c_/h-;in* rods1 bolts1 & nuts at ea* end1 & cleats across top at middle4 ,9 ?is h\se !re %all be ! foll[+ plumb+ fixtures1 to be fitt$ up z above3 #a kit*5 s9k1 cell> s9k1 s9k1 #a ba?-tub1 #a wat]-closet1 #a wa%-/&4 ,,picture ,,m\ld+s4 ,picture m\ld+s %\ld be provid$ on all pla/]$ walls except+ ^? ( kit*5 & pantries4 ,x is usual to place ! picture m\ld+ on a l9e ) ! top ( ! door2 t is1 s t x comes j bel[ ! top ( ! corn] block4 ,,closet-,,fitt+s4 ,%elves %\ld be sev5-eigh?s in* ?ick1 numb] & arrangem5t z desir$4 ,! foll[+ is a s*$ule f closet-fitt+s4 ,provide hooks 9 closets z foll[s3-- ,"o r[ to cleat on wall #e feet #c in*es f floor4 ,"o r[ "u side ( %elf4 ,"o r[ to cleat on wall #c feet #f in*es f floor 9 *ildr5's closets4 ,,draw]s ,,= ,,closets4 ,draw]s = closets are be/ made by a cab9et-mak]4 ,if n1 !y %\ld be modell$ 9 all respects aft] cab9et "w4 ,c$> closets are n z common z !y once 74 ,z p h m to place 9 !m1 !re is less confid5ce 9 _! efficacy4 ,! foll[+ is f a specification3-- ,,broom-,,rack4--,provide 9 space z direct$ #a broom-rack1 ) ca/-iron broom-hold]1 = sweep-broom1 :isk-broom2 hooks = du/-pan & bucket4 ,,m$ic9e-,,*e/4--,provide 9 closet a m$ic9e-*e/ #h by #aj by #af in*es1 ) #g_/h panell$ & h+$ door4 ,approv$ lock4 ,expos$ wood-"w !re( same z room 9 :i* closet is plac$4 ,,c$>-,,closet4--,closet %all be l9$1 ceil$1 & fitt$ up ) r$ c$>4 ,,dry-,,box4--,secur$ on wall adjac5t to kit*5 range %all be plac$ a dry+-box = scrub-rags1 bru%es1 etc41 #h in*es deep by #ah in*es wide by #bd in*es high1 con/ruct$ ) #g_/h mat]ial1 inside measurem5ts4 ,provide h+$ #g_/h-;in* panell$ door ) fa/5+4 ,top1 bottom1 & %elves %all be p]=at$ ) #c_/d-;aug]-holes = passage ( w>m air ?r\gh ! box4 ,,soap-,,box4--,con/ruct$ same z dry-box4 ,size1 #i in*es deep1 #bj in*es wide1 #cj in*es high4 ,door1 #g_/h in* ?ick1 panell$4 ,provide approv$ lock4 ,%elves1 #e_/h ?ick1 set into sides1 #c in*es ap>t4 ,p]=ate bottom & %elves ) #c_/d-;in* aug]-holes1 & connect top ) kit*5 or v5t-flue4 ,,clock-,,%elf4--,provide #h-;in* m\ld$ clock-%elf1 #g_/h in* ?ick1 9 kit*54 ,,v5tilator4 ,,clo!s-,,*ute4 ,,coal-,,*ute4 ,,coal-,,b9s ,,9 ,,cell>4 ,,*9a-,,room ,,specification4 ,,cupbo>d 7see draw+1 ,*apt] ,,vii474--,%elves z direct$ bel[ & above4 ,l[] %elves #g_/h in* ?ick4 ,l[] doors #g_/h panell$1 upp] doors glaz$4 ,provide h+es & fa/5+s = all4 ,!re %all be #h in*es space betwe5 #g_/h-;in* top ( l[] section & bottom %elf ( upp] section4 ,upp] door %all n come bel[ "u side ( ?is upp] section %elf4 ,,table4--,con/ruction same z 9 kit*54 ,,s9k4 ,,draw]s4 ,,pantry ,,specification4 ,,cupbo>d 7see draw+1 ,*apt] ,,vii474--,z indicat$4 ,doors bel[ & %elves above1 same z specifi$ = *9a4 ,no doors above4 ,,d\gh-,,bo>d4--,provide con/ruct$ same z tables specifi$ = kit*51 except t x %all be support$ on brackets4 ,,fl\r-,,b94--,%all be #ah in*es deep by #bd in*es high 9 front1 #bh in*es 9 re>1 by ---- long1 ---- comp>tm5ts4 ,set #d in*es f floor4 ,top cleat$ & h+$4 ,lumb] #g_/h in* ?ick4 ,,fl\r-,,b94 ,! fl\r-b9 describ$ 9 ! specifications is ! old k9d ) ! h+$ top4 ,ano!r k9d t has be5 us$ successfully is "h illu/rat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fl\r-b9 ,section4 ,illu/ration3 ,fl\r-b9 ,front ,! receptacle = fl\r is pivot$ 9 ! mann] indicat$ by ! section4 ,! pivot position is indicat$ on ! draw+ by ! po9t ( ! arr[4 ,! dott$ l9es on ! section indicate ! position ( ! fl\r receptacle :5 x is op54 ,x is pull$ op5 by ! h&4 ,! knob is %[n on ! draw+ ( front4 ,z soon z x is releas$ x falls back into a clos$ position4 ,x is pivot$ s t x rema9s clos$ unless held op54 ,! front draw+ indicates a fl\r-b9 ( ?is k9d ) ?ree receptacles2 ! l>g] "o = fl\r1 & ! two small] ones = meal & graham4 ,! m>ble d\gh-/one c be plac$ on ! top ( a b9 ( ?is k9d4 ,if !re is no o!r room = ! b9 x c be plac$ 9 ! l[] section ( ! pantry cupbo>d1 & c take ! space ord9>ily giv5 "o ( ! doors4 ,! pantry cupbo>d is illu/rat$ & describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,boxes ,,= ,,pantry ,,supplies4 ,^! boxes are con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciple z ! fl\r-b91 j describ$4 ,!y are pivot$ & arrang$ 9 a r[1 & may be set on a pantry %elf4 ,! draw+ indicates eight ( ^! boxes1 f\r ( !m n9e by twelve in*es1 & f\r five by ?ree & ?ree-f\r?s in*es4 ,^! boxes are ( t91 ! frame only be+ ( wood4 ,! socket into :i* ! pivot fits is op5 at ! bottom1 s t ! box c be lift$ (f ! pivot & tak5 out & wa%$4 ,an arrangem5t su* z ?is takes v little room1 & ! boxes are always clos$ unless held op54 ,!y are s pivot$ t !y fall into a clos$ position z soon z releas$4 ,two ( ^! boxes 9 a *9a-closet w\ld be conv5i5t to hold bread & cake4 ,illu/ration3 ,box = ,pantry ,supplies4 ,,/airs4 ,! wood-"w ( ! /airway %\ld always be ( h>d wood4 ,:]e h>d wood is us$ = entire f9i%1 ! /airway is be/ ( ! same v>iety4 ,! treads %\ld always be "o & "o-eigh? in* 9 ?ickness1 & nev] less ?an t5 in*es 9 wid?4 ,! ris]s may be sev5-eigh?s in* ?ick & nev] m ?an sev5 & "o-half in*es 9 height2 ,squ>e or turn$ newel po/s are 9 common use4 ,w9d]s %\ld n be us$ = ! ma9 /airway4 ,squ>e turns at ! l&+ %\ld be made4 ,sometimes ! re> /airway is ( ! same g5]al /yle & design z ! front4 ,:5 x is an op5 /airway1 x is necess>y t ?is %\ld be ! case4 ,a re> box /airway1 ! cell> & attic /airway1 or1 9 fact1 any box /airway1 %\ld h ! treads & ris]s ! same ?ickness & g5]al dim5sions z ^? m5tion$ = ! front4 ,h[ev]1 !y ne$ n be ( h>d wood4 ,!y %\ld always be provid$ ) h&-rails4 ,all lumb] = cell> or attic /airways %\ld be cle> & dress$1 & q z well f9i%$ z t ( any o!r "p ( ! h\se4 ,:5 ! cell> is n pla/]$1 ! side l9+ = cell> /airways %\ld be sev5-eigh?s-in* floor+ bel[ ! fir/-/ory pla/]+4 ,?is floor+ %\ld be dress$ on bo? sides4 ,! outside cell>-way %\ld h dress$ treads & ris]s "o & ?ree-f\r?s in* ?ick4 ,! wall %\ld be capp$1 pref]ably ) /one1 & ! outside cell> door %\ld be ( iron4 ,:]e economy is necess>y1 "o-&-?ree-f\r?s-in* oak cop+ & doors may be us$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,pla/]+4--,,gray ,,f9i%4--,,:ite ,,h>d ,,f9i%4--,,back ,,pla/]+4--,,gas-,,pip+4--,,t9 ,,"w4--,,gutt]s4--,,valleys4--,,d[n ,,sp\ts4--,,galvaniz$ ,,iron-,,"w4--,,hot-,,air ,,pipes4--,,?imbles4--,,pa9t+4--,,/a9+4- -,,oil ,,f9i%+4--,,int]ior ,,/a9+4--,,floor ,,f9i%4--,,glaz+4--,,plate-,,glass4--,,b evell$ ,,glass4--,,ca!dral ,,glass4--,,h>dw>e4 ,x is only )9 ! la/ t5 or fifte5 ye>s t x has be5 at all common to d two-coat "w 9 pla/]+4 ,be=e t "t ?ree-coat "w 0 almo/ univ]sal4 ,mo/ ( ! pla/]+ done at ?is "t is :at is call$ laid-on "w4 ,! fir/ two coats are put on at ! same "t4 ,! la/ coat is put on aft] ^! are dry4 ,! la?s are ne>ly always ( p9e4 ,!re %\ld be "o nail = ea* contact ) ! wood-"w2 t is1 f\r nails to ea* la?4 ,! mort> %\ld be made ( ! be/ quality ( lime & %>p s&4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( hair %\ld be us$4 ,! mort> %\ld be float$1 or made smoo?1 & /raight5$ to receive ! wood-"w4 ,! la/ coat %\ld be put on aft] ! o!r is ?or\ghly dry4 ,x %\ld be tr[ell$ to a smoo? surface1 & :5 complet$ %\ld be free f *ip cracks1 /a9s1 & improp] mix+ ( s&4 ,?ree-coat "w1 :]e ea* coat is all[$ to become ?or\ghly dry1 is bett] ?an two-coat "w4 ,! la/ coat is usually a :ite pla/]-(-,p>is f9i%1 put on ) ! skim4 ,a gray f9i% is us$ m g5]ally at ! pres5t "t ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,x is put on 9 place ( ! :ite skim coat4 ,! natural color is a pleasant gray t9t4 ,x may be made smoo? en\gh = pap]+4 ,! skim coat1 :ite or gray1 may be t9t$ ) fresco color at less co/ ?an x c be pap]$4 ,pap] becomes necess>y on a :ite skim f9i% aft] a %ort "t4 ,! h>d :ite f9i%1 :i* is n commonly us$ at ! pres5t "t1 is v satisfactory except+ = its extreme :it5ess4 ,?is f9i% is made by ! use ( :ite s& & skim rubb$ & float$ d[n until only a suffici5t am\nt ( ! lime or skim prop] rema9s to cem5t ! s& to ! wall4 ,! same k9d ( a f9i% ) gray s& is v satisfactory4 ,propriet>y f9i%es = pla/]$ walls are n[ us$ to "s ext5t 9 ! bett] class ( "w4 ,!y are v h>d1 ( wat]pro( texture & ( any color desir$4 ,! color+ ( f9i% = pla/]+ is ord9>ily n successful4 ,h[ev]1 "s ( ! propriet>y color$ goods be=e ! public are v satisfactory :5 well put on4 ,! "o difficulty 9 ! way ( _! use is 9 gett+ ! pla/]] to h&le prop]ly a ?+ ) :i* he is n famili>4 ,back pla/]+ is common 9 v cold climates1 & is done by pla/]+ on ! back ( ! %ea?+ betwe5 ! /udd+4 ,x is indep5d5t ( ! inside pla/]+4 ,cem5t pavem5ts 9 floors are consid]$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]4 ,,gas-,,pip+4 ,gas-pipes are plac$ 9 a h\se be=e la?+4 ,! gas company :i* supplies ! illum9at+ or fuel gas furni%es ! inspection = ea* set ( pipes4 ,bel[ is giv5 a =m ( specification 9 use by an ar*itect 9 a natural-gas region4 ,,gas4 ,,illum9at+ ,,gas4--,provide & fix gas-pipe & fitt+s accord+ to gas company's regulations4 ,all pipes %all be conceal$1 except+ :]e x is desir$ to atta* a burn]4 ,cap pipes4 ,lights to be plac$ z indicat$ by table bel[4 ,,fuel ,,or ,,natural ,,gas4--,provide & fix pipe & fitt+s accord+ to company's regulations4 ,company's c]tificate ( approval w be requir$ be=e paym5ts are made4 ,cap pipes until mix]s & burn]s are atta*$4 ,valves & connections %all be provid$ prep>atory to mix] & burn] connections4 ,provide connection ) /reet ma9s4 ,,table ,,( ,,di/ribution4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,illum9at+ ,,gas4 ,,floors4 ----------------- ,,natural-,,gas ,,c5tre4 ,,bracket4 ,,fires4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,fir/ ,,floor4 ,p>lor or ,reception ,room - - - ,por* - - - ,sitt+-,room - - - ,front ,hall--newel - - - ,d9+-,room - - - ,libr>y - - - ,*amb]s--ea* - - - ,re> ,hall - - - ,b$rooms--ea* - - - ,kit*5 gas /ove - - ,range4 ,pantry - - - ,*9a-,room - - - ,cell> - - ,furnace4 ,laundry /ove4 ,,second ,,floor ,*amb]s--ea* - - - ,b$rooms--ea* - - - ,alcove - - - ,front ,hall - - - ,re> ,hall - - - ,ba?-,room - - - ,attic - - - ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,t9 ,,"w4 ,x is n[ entirely possible to get fir/-class t9 plate = ar*itectural uses4 ,! process is v simple4 ,require & pay only = a t9 plate /amp$ ) a reputable mak]'s "n & br&4 ,!re is a g5]al ef=t ^u ! "p ( t9-plate deal]s to raise ! /&>d ( t9 9 ?is way2 & !re are n[ a numb] ( manufactur]s ( integrity :o are pursu+ ! c\rse ( br&+ a fir/-class t9 plate4 ,all t9 "w %\ld be pa9t$ on ! "u side be=e x leaves ! %op4 ,,gutt]s4 ,9 ! matt] ( g5]al utility ! hang+ gutt] is ideal4 ,x is bel[ ! eaves1 :]e its ov]fl[ c injure no?+4 ,x is easy to rea* all p>ts ( x 9 case ( repair4 ,if x is necess>y to remove any ( ! %+les or o!r ro( cov]+1 ! gutt] ne$ n be di/urb$4 ,!re are ^?1 h[ev]1 :o object to ! appe>ance ( a hang+ gutt]4 ,a galvaniz$ iron gutt] made ( ,no4 #bf iron1 9 =m z p] ,fig4 #cc1 & :i* runs f\r in*es above ! ov]fl[ l9e at all times1 may be plac$ on ! fir/ or second r[ ( %+les or slate1 & w give v good satisfaction4 ,x is c]ta9ly mu* bett] ?an a wood t9-l9$ gutt]4 ,,valleys ,,& ,,o!r ,,t9 ,,"w4 ,all valleys %\ld be l9$ ) tw5ty-in* t94 ,! connection betwe5 all ro( & v]tical surfaces %\ld be fla%$ & c\nt]-fla%$2 t is1 pieces ( t9 %\ld be b5t to con=m to ! v]tical & horizontal surfaces1 & slipp$ "u ! slate or %+les s z to lap bo? horizontally & v]tically4 ,?is is ! fla%+4 ,! c\nt]-fla%+s are ! lapp$ pieces ( t9 :i* ext5d into ! v]tical surfaces1 & d[n ov] ! fla%+s prop]4 ,all wood-"w :i* projects 9 excess ( "o & ?ree-eigh?s in* f any v]tical surface1 %\ld be cov]$ ) t94 ,hip & ridge cop+ %\ld be cov]$ ) t9 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 *apt] :]e ro(s are consid]$4 ,d[n sp\ts %\ld be provid$ to c>ry ! wat] f all ro(s to ! gr\nd4 ,! pres5ce ( m ?an "o gable 9 ! front "p ( ! build+ frequ5tly makes m ?an "o d[n sp\t necess>y4 ,:]e ! h\se is n too l>ge1 "o five-in* sp\t w usually take all ( ! wat] f ! ro(4 ,= a small /ructure a f\r-in* sp\t w s]ve ! same purpose4 ,?ree & f\r in*es are 9 common use = c>ry+ wat] f ! ma9 ro( :]e ! cont9u\s c\rse ( ! gutt] is int]rupt$ by gables or dorm]s4 ,! ci/]n d[n-sp\t %\ld be provid$ ) cut-(f or pref]ably a swit* sp\t1 :i* connects by a dra9 pipe ) a dry well or /reet gutt]4 ,su* connections %\ld nev] be made ) ! sew] :]e a d[n sp\t is int5d$ to supply a ci/]n4 ,9 connect+ a ro( ) a ci/]n x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t x is n always s mu* ! size ( ! ci/]n :i* insures a con/ant supply ( wat]1 z x is ! am\nt ( ro( surface connect$ ) ! ci/]n4 ,por*es are usually provid$ ) two or ?ree in* d[n sp\ts accord+ to ! am\nt ( ro( to be dra9$4 ,flat ro(s are be/ :5 made ) a /&+ seam4 ,x admits ( ! expansion & contraction ( ! t9 )\t injury to ! jo9t4 ,copp] has be5 ext5sively us$ on ! bett] class ( build+s dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,! improvem5t 9 ! quality ( t9 has r5d]$ its use unnecess>y except+ = d[n sp\ts & ornam5tal purposes4 ,new processes 9 ! manufacture ( %eet copp]1 & ! electroplat+ ( o!r %eet metals ) copp]1 promise to r$uce ! co/ ( t mat]ial = ar*itectural purposes1 s t x w be bett] & *eap] ?an t94 ,:5 su* claims are sub/antiat$ ! public w be in=m$ !re(1 ?r\gh ! usual *annels4 ,galvaniz$ iron does n h ! g5]al ar*itectural uses t 7 common to x a few ye>s ago4 ,= d[n sp\ts 9 excess ( f\r in*es1 ,no4 #bf galvaniz$ iron %\ld be us$4 ,hot-air pipes :i* connect ! furnace pipes 9 basem5t ) ! second floor are usually ?ree & ?ree-f\r?s by twelve in*es 9 size4 ,be=e !y are plac$1 all contigu\s wood-"w %\ld be l9$ ) t94 ,9 frame h\ses ! pipes %\ld be cov]$ ) iron la?4 ,!y %\ld cont9ue above basebo>d1 ) regi/] op5+ on second floor & bel[ joi/ ) coll> 9 basem5t4 ,:]e pipes run 9 an outside wood wall1 :i* !y %\ld d only 9 case ( extreme/ em]g5cy1 ! back & sides ( ! pipe %\ld be l9$ ) sev]al ?icknesses ( asbe/os pap]4 ,a z9c dra9 %\ld be provid$ f ! refrig]ator to ! outside ( brick wall4 ,?is dra9 is "o in* 9 diamet]1 & comes up ?r\gh ! floor ) funnel-%ap$ op5+ at ! top4 ,an ord9>y six-in* t9 funnel let into ! tube w answ] e purpose4 ,?us ! dis*>ge pipe f ! refrig]ator may be readily plac$ ov] x4 ,?imbles %\ld be provid$ = ! pla/]] :5 he is putt+ on ! la/ coat4 ,flue /ops %\ld be plac$ !re9 aft] pla/]+ is f9i%$4 ,^! are = /ove connections ) brick flues4 ,,pa9t+4 ,pa9t+ is n s s]i\s a problem z x once 04 ,we he> ab\t p buy+ _! own pa9t1 ! lead & ev]y?+ t goes ) x1 & hav+ x mix$ "u _! p]sonal sup]vision4 ,b ev5 ?is is n satisfactory4 ,aft] a %ort "t ! pa9t beg9s to look *alky & d+y4 ,:5 ! mix+ ( ! pa9t is n done "u ! sup]vision ( ! own]1 & ! result is z above /at$1 ! pa9t] is (t5 accus$ ( di%one/y4 ,a pa9t] does n ord9>ily h ! facilities or k = prop]ly mix+ color$ pa9ts4 ,9 ord] to get satisfactory results 9 pa9t+1 we may aga9 fall back ^u ! integrity ( an e/abli%$ manufactur] ( propriet>y goods1--t is1 ^u ready-mix$ pa9ts4 ,n all are good4 ,mo/ ( !m are made z *eap & common z possible2 b ! be/ results c be secur$ f really good ready-mix$ pa9ts4 ,any l>ge deal] ( e/abli%$ reputation1 :o is n himself a manufactur] ( a *eap pa9t1 may ord9>ily be reli$ ^u = a correct op9ion4 ,prep>atory to pa9t+1 all knots %\ld be coat$ ) %ellac4 ,all "w %\ld be pa9t$ ) ?ree coats1--"o prim+1 & two foll[+4 ,"o c always be sure ( gett+ ! color want$ 9 ready-mix$ pa9ts ( ! be/ quality4 ,all outside frames %\ld be prim$ be=e sett+4 ,! pa9t] %\ld foll[ ! c>p5t]1 & prime all dress$ wood-"w z put up4 ,putty "w may be done aft] fir/ coat1 or be=e f9al color is appli$4 ,!re is no advantage to be d]iv$ 9 pa9t+ %+les aft] !y are put on4 ,! pa9t ga!rs 9 a heavy ridge on ! %+le next to ! butt ( ! "o above x 9 a way to let ! moi/ure lie !re91 s t x w rot at ?is po9t4 ,brick-"w may be pa9t$ z specifi$ = wood-"w1 except+ t ! fir/ coat1 or prim+1 %\ld be put on v heavy4 ,t9 & iron "w %\ld be pa9t$ ) "o coat ( metallic pa9t z soon z put up4 ,t9 unexpos$ to view %\ld receive a second coat ( metallic pa9t be=e ! build+ is complet$4 ,t9 "w expos$ to view %\ld h two coats ( pa9t on a metallic prime1 same z h\se4 ,,ext]ior ,,/a9+4 ,%+les %\ld be dipp$ 9 /a9 & !n /ood 9 a tr\gh1 s t !y w dra9 to a b>rel4 ,o!r ext]nal wood-"w %\ld h two heavy coats ( /a9 appli$ ) a bru%4 ,wea!r-bo>d+ is sometimes dipp$ into a tr\gh fill$ ) /a91 & !n set s t x w dra9 !re94 ,%+le /a9 is a propriet>y f9i%1 & regul>ly adv]tis$ 9 lead+ p]iodicals4 ,,int]ior ,,/a9+4 ,! /a9+ ( int]ior f9i% is n[ r5d]$ simple & satisfactory by ! use ( propriet>y /a9s4 ,sometimes ! /a9 is put on direct1 )\t fir/ apply+ fill]4 ,at o!r times a fill] ( corn/>* & oil1 or a propriet>y mixture1 :i* is pref]able1 is us$4 ,"o or two coats ( prep>$ oil-f9i% foll[s ! application ( ! /a94 ,! v>i\s manufactur]s ( int]ior /a9s furni% wood samples :i* indicate ! v>iety ( ?is mat]ial manufactur$4 ,,oil ,,f9i%+4 ,all wood to be oil-f9i%$ %\ld fir/ be fill$4 ,! antique & acid /a9$ effects are d]iv$ by ! use ( diff]5t k9ds ( fill]s1 :i* close ! pores ( ! wood & /a9 x ! color desir$4 ,propriet>y fill]s & oil f9i% may be mo/ successfully us$1 = ! reason t !y are g5]ally prep>$ by m5 :o h put _! capital into ! bus9ess = ! purpose ( gett+ a return4 ,su* p _c put a bad article p]man5tly on ! m>ket )\t feel+ ! result !mselves4 ,!re=e1 ^? :o are p]man5tly successful 9 ! manufacture ( propriet>y goods c g5]ally be reli$ ^u4 ,9 ! f9i%+ ( wood-"w all "u coats %\ld be rubb$ ) dry hair-clo?1 burlap1 or f9e s&-pap]4 ,on top ( ! fill] two coats ( prep>$ oil f9i% %\ld be appli$2 ! fir/ "o rubb$ z above1 &1 if desir$1 ! la/ left bright4 ,a dead f9i% may be secur$ by rubb+ d[n ! la/ coat ) f9e pumice /one & wat] or oil4 ,ext]nal expos$ wood-"w & ba?-rooms may be f9i%$ ) a wat]-pro( v>ni% by treat+ z above1 except+ t ! la/ coat %\ld be a wat]-pro( oil f9i% made by "s well-kn[n manufactur]4 ,,floor ,,f9i%4 ,all manufactur]s ( fir/-class int]ior f9i%es prep>e a special floor f9i%4 ,x is usually appli$ 9 two coats ov] a fill] z describ$4 ,9 su* cases ! fill] is n /a9$4 ,ea* coat is ?or\ghly rubb$4 ,a satisfactory floor f9i% may be made by wa%+ ! clean wood floor ) a solution ( salt & wat]1 & aft]w>ds saturat+ ) p>aff9e wax1 & !n rubb+4 ,,glaz+4 ,all glass %\ld be emb$d$ 9 putty & secur$ ) glazi]'s tacks & putty4 ,am]ican %eet glass is made 9 two ?icknesses--s+le & d\ble /r5g?--& 9 f\r qualities4 ,a or ,,aa only %\ld be us$ 9 a good h\se4 ,plate glass co/s ab\t five or six times z mu* z d\ble-/r5g? ,a ,am]ican %eet4 ,a ?umb rule = calculat+ ! co/ ( plate glass1 :i* is n /rictly accurate b :i* gives a g5]al idea1 is to calculate on f fifty to sev5ty-five c5ts p] squ>e foot4 ,,ca!dral ,,glass4 ,( ca!dral glass prop] !re is only "o quality4 ,9 ornam5tal & color$ glass "w ! diff]5t k9ds ( glass us$ w n be "h enum]at$4 ,bevell$ plate is becom+ q common4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ca!dral glass may be arrang$ 9 geometrical =ms 9 sa% ) wood sep>ations or munt9s4 ,ca!dral glass prop] = su* purposes co/s f tw5ty-five to ?irty-five c5ts a squ>e foot4 ,ca!dral glass lead$ may co/ almo/ any am\nt 9 excess ( a doll> p] squ>e foot4 ,9 select+ ca!dral glass = sa% ) wood sep>ations1 ! be/ & mo/ satisfactory results may be rea*$ by *oos+ ! light] t9ts1 & n hav+ m ?an "o or two colors to ! w9d[4 ,,h>dw>e4 ,x is difficult if n impossible to write a g5]al specification = ! h>dw>e :i* goes into a h\se4 ,x _c be done except+ by specify+ p>ticul> goods1 :i* _c be done "h4 ,h[ev]1 a few g5]al /atem5ts 9 reg>d to h>dw>e may n be amiss4 ,! *eape/ locks us$ %\ld h brass fronts & bolts1 & be ( ! mortise patt]n4 ,night-locks %\ld be provid$ z desir$4 ,outside knobs ( re> door & ^? inside ! kit*5 may be ( bronz$ iron4 ,! price ( bronz$-fac$ locks is n mu* great] ?an brass-fac$ locks4 ,a good bronz$-iron knob has n be5 made up to ?is "t4 ,!re=e1 ! fixtures = ! front door1 if n all o!rs1 %\ld be ( real bronze4 ,butts ( bronz$ iron h be5 made :i* are v satisfactory4 ,sa% locks %\ld be provid$ = all w9d[s4 ,slid+-door h>dw>e %\ld be ( real bronze4 ,! locks %\ld be :at is kn[n z a/ragal fronts1 & ! trimm+s flu%4 ,slid+ doors %\ld be susp5d$ f above on hang]s4 ,bolts ( wr\ght-iron %\ld be plac$ on all outside re> doors1 &1 if desir$1 on ! inside ( all *amb] & b$room doors2 always on ! ba?-room door4 ,su* bolts may be mortis$ or o!rwise1 z desir$4 ,foot & top bolts may be provid$ = d\ble doors & = sa%4 ,pivots %\ld be provid$ = all transoms2 transom lifts z desir$1 also sa% lifts4 ,!re %\ld be wood5 base knobs ) rubb] buff]s at all doors4 ,d\ble-spr+ h+es %\ld be provid$ = doors lead+ to & f kit*5 & *9a-closet or passage4 ,necess>y draw] h>dw>e %\ld be provid$1 & butts1 knobs1 & fa/5+s = inside %utt]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,practical ,,plumb+4--,,wood-,,"w ,,= ,,plumb]4--,,excavat+ ,,= ,,plumb]4--,,wat] ,,di/ribution4--,,outside ,,fixtures4--,,hydrants4--,,/reet-,,wa%] s4--,,s(t-,,wat] ,,supply4--,,hot-,,wat] ,,supply4--,,soil ,,pipe4--,,inside ,,fixtures4--,,kit*5 ,,s9k4--,,cell> ,,s9k4 ,9 a previ\s *apt] plumb+ 0 consid]$ f a sanit>y /&po9t1 & ! conditions ( safety set =?4 ,9 ?is *apt] x rema9s to consid] plumb+ "w 9 a m practical way2 to consid] x ) ref]5ce to its execution1 assum+ t x is desir$ to rea* ! be/ results4 ,?is means1 prim>ily1 good "w2 !n good "w ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( money4 ,! c>p5t] usually provides all necess>y wood-"w = ! plumb]4 ,?is means bo>ds & runs on :i* pipes are to be plac$1 ! pipe duct & o!r wood f9i%4 ,x is be/ t ! c>p5t] %\ld d ?is 9 ord] t x may be well done4 ,!re %\ld be specifi$ 9 ! c>p5t]'s contract exactly :at he is to d1 s t he may calculate on a def9ite basis4 ,all ( ! cutt+ "w1 :]e cutt+ is necess>y1 %\ld be done by ! c>p5t]4 ,! plumb] is n usually suppli$ ) tools ( ! "r k9d = do+ ?is1 & is z liable to bot* c>p5t] "w z a c>p5t] w\ld be to bot* ! plumb+ "w4 ,! plumb] %\ld d all ( 8 own excavat+4 ,?is includes tr5*es = pipes ( all k9ds to & f ! h\se4 ,aft] ! pipes & dra9s h be5 plac$ !re91 he %\ld make fills & ?or\ghly tamp ! e>? s z to re/ore ! surface to its orig9al condition4 ,?is may be be/ done by putt+ 9 a small quantity ( e>? at a "t1 ramm+ x d[n & !n p\r+ wat] on x4 ,ev5 aft] ?is ! dra9 space %\ld be left ) a slight cr[n1 z ! e>? w settle a little m ?an x is possible to make x by artificial means4 ,sup]flu\s e>? %\ld be remov$ f ! build+ & lot4 ,plumb]'s excavat+ is n includ$ 9 ! g5]al contract4 ,if !re is any sup]flu\s e>? 9 connection ) 8 "w1 he1 & n ! g5]al contractor1 %\ld remove x4 ,contract+ me?ods are expla9$ 9 ano!r section ( ! book4 ,,wat] ,,di/ribution4 ,lead %\ld be us$ = all purposes :]e pipes are expos$ to view & :]e !y come 9 contact ) ! e>?4 ,?is is common practice4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 brass or plani%$ copp] pipes & fitt+s are us$ :]e !y are expos$ to view4 ,brass makes v beautiful & satisfactory "w4 ,iron pipe1 galvaniz$ inside & out1 is occasionally us$ = expos$ "w4 ,x does n look z well1 h[ev]1 z lead pipe4 ,galvaniz$ iron pipe is also frequ5tly us$ :]e n expos$ to view1 & :]e x does n come 9 contact ) ! e>?4 ,objections w be made to ?is by plumb]s :o are us$ to do+ lead "w4 ,9 all hospitals :]e ! be/ "w is done iron or brass pipe is us$1 & lead pipe & connections are entirely disp5s$ )4 ,h[ev]1 ! use ( lead pipe :]e expos$ to view & :]e 9 contact ) ! e>?1 & iron pipe galvaniz$ = o!r places1 makes mo/ excell5t & beautiful "w = dwell+-h\ses4 ,! connections betwe5 iron & lead pipe %\ld be ( brass4 ,! wat] works ( _m cities & t[ns are f direct-pressure ma9s4 ,x is common = su* pressure to be =ty p\nds to ! squ>e in* "u ord9>y conditions4 ,a fire pressure is mu* great]4 ,!re=e1 all direct-pressure pipes ( lead %\ld be extra /rong4 ,tank-pressure pipes1 ^? :i* connect ) a tank 9 ! attic or above a wat]-closet1 may be m$ium /rong4 ,! t]ms extra /rong & m$ium /rong1 z "h us$1 are def9ite 9 _! mean+1 & apply to regul> grades ( pipe4 ,! int]ior fixtures ( an ord9>y dwell+-h\se are suppli$ ) lead pipe five-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 or iron pipe ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,9 ! above w be f\nd all t applies 9 g5]al t]ms to an ord9>y specification = wat] di/ribution4 ,special m5tion w be made lat]4 ,/op-cocks %\ld be provid$ suffici5t entirely to disconnect & dra9 all pipes1 fixtures1 & connections4 ,/op-&-wa/e cocks %\ld be provid$ at ! bottom ( all ma9 ris]s :]e !y _c o!rwise be dra9$4 ,a /op-&-wa/e cock is "o :i* %uts (f ! supply f its s\rce1 & dra9s ! wat] f pipes above1 s t x passes out to a receptacle provid$ = t purpose4 ,9 "s in/ances x is all[$ to run to a s9k on ! cell> floor1 or x may be tak5 9 a bucket4 ,! city wat]-supply = an ord9>y dwell+-h\se is g5]ally ?r\gh five-eigh?s-in* extra /rong lead pipe1 & is provid$ ) a /op-box s t ! wat] c be turn$ (f f ! h\se at ! /reet4 ,,outside ,,fixtures4 ,outside fixtures :i* connect ) ! city wat] are a /reet-wa%] & a hydrant4 ,! /reet-wa%] is usually plac$ 9 front1 s t a hose may be atta*$ to x = spr9kl+ purposes4 ,!re are _m /&>d grades ( /reet-wa%]s c>ri$ 9 /ock by all plumb]s4 ,! hydrant has ab\t ! same l[] connections z ! /reet-wa%]4 ,! hose connection & op5+ /& well above ! lot grade4 ,x is usually plac$ 9 ! back y>d or /able4 ,! outlet may h a hose c\pl+1 & ?us be us$ = spr9kl+ purposes 9 ! back "p ( ! lot or o!rwise1 z desir$4 ,:]e !re are no hydrants1 x is common to run an iron pipe along ! gr\nd to connect ! front & back y>d4 ,?us x is n necess>y to h s l>ge a supply ( hose4 ,! pipe ?us us$ is ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,x is less exp5sive ?an rubb] hose1 & does n det]iorate4 ,x %\ld h a %ort hose connection 9 front1 & hose c\pl+ at ! back4 ,,s(t-,,wat] ,,supply4 ,9 _m cities ! wat] f ! public pipes conta9s too mu* lime to be us$ = ba?+ or wa%+4 ,9 su* a case x is necess>y to supply ci/]n wat] = t purpose4 ,?is is done by connect+ ! ci/]n 9 ! y>d ) a tank 9 ! attic1 or "s place above ! highe/ fixture4 ,to d ?is a =ce pump is plac$ 9 ! kit*54 ,! be/ k9d to use are ^? kn[n z d\ble-act+1 horizontal1 brass-cyl9d] =ce pumps4 ,!y may be screw$ to ! floor1 & ! h&le come up next to ! s9k or betwe5 ! dra9-bo>d & ! dry-bo>d4 ,:5 n 9 use1 ?is h&le c be next to ! wall & out ( ! way4 ,a motor may be us$ 9 lieu ( a pump4 ,x is plac$ ov] ! kit*5 s9k1 & has connection ) city wat] works4 ,:5 x is desir$ to pump wat] to ! attic1 "o c turn on ! city wat] at ! cock & let x run4 ,?us ! city pressure is ex]t$ ?r\gh ! motor to pump wat] to ! attic1 & ! labor ( pump+ entirely done away )4 ,! co/ is ab\t fifte5 doll>s m ?an a good pump4 ,! suction ( su* a pump or motor %\ld be "o-&-"o-half-in* /rong lead pipe1 & ! supply to tank 9 attic "o-&-"o-qu>t]-in* lead or iron pipe :]e n expos$ to view4 ,:]e ! pump or motor is plac$ z indicat$1 x may be us$ to pump wat] directly to ! kit*5 s9k1 & x is g5]ally be/ t su* an arrangem5t be made4 ,( c\rse1 wat] may be drawn f ! tank 9 ! attic to ?is s9k1 if x is desir$ to s arrange x2 b :]e ?is is done1 x is necess>y to pump all ( ! cold wat] us$ 9 ! kit*5 to ! attic4 ,?is is unnecess>y4 ,! s9k may h a direct pump connection by means ( a five-eigh?s-in* /rong lead pipe :i* connects ) ! tank supply4 ,on ! end ( ?is lead pipe may be a brass or nickel compression cock ov] ! s9k4 ,:5 x is desir$ to pump wat] into ! tank ?is cock is clos$1 & ! only connection is ) ! tank above4 ,! common size = tank is eight b>rels capacity4 ,x %\ld be con/ruct$ ( in*-&-?ree-qu>t]s pl\gh$ & tongu$ mat]ial ) two ?ree-eigh?s in* rods1 ) bolts & nuts at ea* end1 & cleats across top & bottom 9 middle4 ,! inside %\ld be l9$ ) f\r-p\nd %eet lead2 t is1 %eet lead :i* weighs f\r p\nds to ! foot4 ,!re %\ld be an in* tell-tale pipe ( galvaniz$ iron :i* connects ) ! s9k ne>e/ ! pump4 ,sometimes an ov]fl[ :i* runs to ! ro( is us$1 9 :i* case a small] tell-tale1 say "o-half in* 9 diamet]1 w s]ve4 ,!re are in/ances :]e ! tank 9 ! attic is connect$ ) a special gutt] on ! ro(1 above ! l9e ( ! tank4 ,!n ! tank is provid$ ) a l>ge ov]fl[ s t x may n cause tr\ble4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is a little risky4 ,! tank is connect$ ) ! hot & cold wat] sy/em & fixtures subsequ5tly nam$4 ,! hot-wat] sy/em is z simple z x is effici5t4 ,usually a heavy-pressure galvaniz$-iron boil]1 ( f tw5ty-f\r to sixty-two gallons capacity1 is locat$ 9 ! kit*54 ,x is connect$ ) ! tank by means ( five-eigh?s-in* lead or ?ree-qu>t]s-in* iron pipe1 & ) fixtures subsequ5tly nam$ z be+ suppli$ ) hot wat] 9 ! same mann]4 ,! wat] is heat$ 9 ! range by means ( a wat] back or wat] front plac$ 9 ! fire-box ( ! range4 ,x is connect$ ) ! boil] by means ( five-eigh?s-in* lead & ?ree-qu>t]s-in* iron pipe4 ,"o pipe f ! l[] "p ( ! boil] takes ! wat] to ! back4 ,! o!r c>ries x to ! top ( ! boil]1 ! cold wat] naturally go+ to ! bottom & ! hot wat] pass+ to ! top4 ,! hot-wat] supply = fixtures is drawn f ! top ( ! boil]4 ,any "o may notice1 by pass+ ! h& up & d[n a boil] ( ?is k9d1 t ! top is always w>m] ?an ! bottom4 ,sometimes a wr\ght-iron pipe is us$ 9 a /ove 9 lieu ( a wat] back4 ,x usually answ]s ! same purpose1 ?\gh its heat+ surface is n s great4 ,x is be/ to use a pipe back :]e ! boil] is n connect$ ) s(t wat]4 ,! incru/ation f ! lime is su* t ! back soon becomes fill$1 & x is mu* m exp5sive to replace ?an "o made ( pipe4 ,:5 ! hot wat] is f ! city wat] works1 ! supply is usually directly !refrom r ?an f a tank 9 ! attic4 ,h[ev]1 x is n uncommon to h a tank supply 9 ! h\se :]e public-wat] supply is tak5 to ! exclusion ( all o!r1 & x is a bett] sy/em1 ?\gh a little m exp5sive4 ,! hot-wat] res]voir is usually plac$ on an iron /& ne> ! /ove4 ,x %\ld be provid$ ) a dra9+ connection = ! purpose ( draw+ out all ! wat] :5 desir$4 ,a v5t connection f ! res]voir to ! tank 9 attic1 or1 9 ! ev5t ( no tank be+ us$1 to ! ro( above1 is common z a gu>d aga9/ extra /eam pressure4 ,,soil ,,pipe4 ,be=e consid]+ o!r inside fixtures & fitt+s1 ! soil pipe %\ld be m5tion$4 ,x is ( ca/-iron1 light weight1 &1 :5 x is connect$ ) a wat]-closet1 %\ld be f\r in*es 9 diamet] on ! inside1 & japann$ inside & out4 ,jo9ts are made at ! hubs1 & %\ld be lead$ & well calk$4 ,connections ) ?is pipe %\ld be made by means ( ,y's ( prop] size1 dep5d+ on ! size ( ! dra9 :i* connects !re)4 ,! soil pipe %\ld cont9ue upw>d & ?r\gh ! ro( to a po9t at lea/ f\r feet above ! ne>e/ ridge4 ,bel[1 x %\ld cont9ue outside ( ! f\ndation wall to connect ) ! dra94 ,:]e !re is a s9k 9 ! cell>1 ! soil pipe %\ld be bel[ ! cell> floor4 ,vitrifi$ or e>!nw>e dra9 pipe %\ld nev] be us$ inside ! walls ( a h\se4 ,,inside ,,fixtures4 ,! kit*5 s9k may be consid]$ fir/4 ,!y are usually ( light ca/-iron4 ,sometimes !y are ( press$ /eel2 aga91 !y are ( ca/-iron ) an int]ior porcela9 f9i%4 ,if a common ca/-iron s9k is pa9t$1 ! pa9t soon we>s (f4 ,! ideal s9k1 ! "o :i* is ! be/ 9 e way1 is ( porcela94 ,x has ! :ite1 glaz$ surface ( a f9e di%1 & is easily clean$4 ,any kit*5 s9k %\ld be eighte5 in*es wide1 six in*es deep1 & f tw5ty-f\r to ?irty-six in*es 9 l5g?4 ,?irty or ?irty-six is ! be/4 ,!y are provid$ ) a /ra9] 9 ! bottom1 & h "o-&-"o-half-in* light lead ,s trap connection ) soil pipe or grease s9k1 subsequ5tly consid]$4 ,:]e city wat] is at h&1 ! s9k %\ld be suppli$ ?r\gh a five-eigh?s-in* brass or nickel-plat$ self-clos+ cock4 ,:]e ! city wat] is h>d1 hot & cold ci/]n wat] 9 addition to city wat] %\ld be suppli$ ?r\gh five-eigh?s-in* brass or nickel-plat$ compression cocks4 ,if ! hot wat] is f ! public wat] works1 a self-clos+ cock %\ld be us$4 ,all cocks %\ld be screw$ to a sold]$ nipple1 & n wip$ or jo9$ directly to ! lead pipe4 ,9 ?is way1 x is n necess>y to wipe a jo9t e "t ! cock gives out4 ,a small] s9k1 size z desir$1 may be us$ 9 ! *9a-closet or butl]'s pantry4 ,su* a s9k is n 9 common use except+ 9 ! m exp5sive h\ses4 ,! cell> s9k %\ld be sixte5 by sixte5 in*es1 t5 in*es deep1 & %\ld be provid$ ) /ra9]1 & an in*-&-a-half light lead ,s trap connection ) soil pipe4 ,if city supply only is desir$1 x may be _h ?r\gh five-eigh?s-in* brass self-clos+ cock4 ,:]e connection is made ) ci/]n1 x may be by means ( "o-&-"o-half in* pipe & a ca/-iron pit*] pump2 if n ?is1 a well1 driv5 or o!rwise1 may be simil>ly connect$ by means ( a pit*] or lift pump4 ,?is cell> s9k is ! k9d t may be us$ 9 connection ) ! laundry previ\sly describ$4 ,:]e /ation>y tubs are us$1 ?is s9k is n necess>y4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,plumb+ ,,"w ,,cont9u$4--,,ba?-,,tubs4--,,ba?-,,spr9k l]s4--,,foot-,,tubs4--,,safes4 --,,wat]-,,closets4--,,wa%-,,/&s4--,,lau ndry ,,fitt+s4--,,set ,,tubs4 --,,outside ,,dra9s4--,,grease ,,s9ks4--,,nickel ,,fitt+s4 ,! fitt+s ( kit*5 & o!r s9ks are fully consid]$ 9 ,*apt] ,v41 :i* has to d ) kit*5s & pantries4 ,x is suffici5t to say1 h[ev]1 t ! only visible wood-"w is ! rim & wood5 legs1 :i* support ! s9k prop]1 & ! spla%-bo>ds at ! side tables z describ$4 ,,ba?-,,tubs4 ,a great deal might be said on ?is subject1 :i* mu/ be left unsaid = ! want ( space4 ,! ideal ba?-tub1 ! "o :i* 9 e way is ! mo/ satisfactory1 is made ( porcela91 same z ! s9ks describ$4 ,!y are beautiful 9 appe>ance1 easily clean$1 & altoge!r v satisfactory4 ,h[ev]1 !y are exp5sive4 ,= ! tub alone ! co/ is ab\t "o hundr$ doll>s m ?an = "o ( copp]4 ,!y are us$ 9 h\ses :]e ! matt] ( co/ is n ( great importance4 ,ca/-iron1 porcela9-l9$1 & ca/-iron tubs1 pa9t$1 are us$ occasionally 9 dwell+s4 ,!y are m exp5sive ?an ! copp] tubs4 ,an iron porcela9-l9$ tub is mu* less exp5sive ?an solid porcela91 & is v satisfactory4 ,! iron & porcela9 tubs d n require side or end cas+s ( wood4 ,!y /& cle> ( wall & floor4 ,z is kn[n1 tubs are ( v>y+ sizes & =ms1 ! usual l5g? be+ f f\r & "o-half to six feet4 ,! tubs kn[n z ! ,fr5* patt]n are commonly f\r & "o-half feet long1 & deep] & wid] ?an ! ord9>y copp] tub4 ,! weight ( ! copp] v>ies f n9e to sixte5 ounces to ! foot2 f\rte5-ounce copp] tubs are 9 mo/ g5]al use4 ,! ,fr5* patt]n ( tub is com+ into m g5]al use ?an ! o!rs 9 ! be/ class ( "w4 ,z /at$ be=e1 x is wid] & deep]1 ?\gh %ort] ?an ! old six-foot tub ( ! common patt]n4 ,x does n require z mu* wat] to get ! same dep? 9 ! %ort] tub z 9 "o t is long]4 ,z no "o c>es to lie d[n 9 ! ba?-tub1 six feet 9 l5g? is n necess>y2 f\r & "o-half feet is ample4 ,! ord9>y fixtures :i* g ) a ba?-tub ( mod]ate co/ are ! comb9ation ba?-cock ) rubb] hose & spr9kl]1 & a plug & *a94 ,all ! metal "w is nickel-plat$4 ,a comb9ation ba?-cock connection ) hot & cold wat] mixes ! wat] z x passes into ! tub1 s t ! prop] temp]ature may be secur$ by ! adju/m5t ( ! valves4 ,! mo/ objectionable feature to ! tub ( g5]al con/ruction is ! ov]fl[ :i* connects ) ! wa/e4 ,x is simply a tube :i* has a s+le op5+ bel[ ! ba?-cock to ! wa/e pipe4 ,?is soon becomes f\l4 ,v>i\s +5i\s devices h be5 arrang$ = do+ away ) ?is k9d ( ov]fl[4 ,arrangem5ts are provid$ :i* connect directly ) ! outlet1 & :i* may be readily remov$ & clean$4 ,^! prev5t ! passage ( wat] to ! dra9 :5 tub is 9 use4 ,by a movem5t ( a h&le 9 ! top ! passage may be op5$ bel[ to all[ ! wat] to pass out4 ,!re are _m devices con/ruct$ on ?is pr9ciple4 ,9 "s in/ances !y add only two or ?ree doll>s to ! co/ ( ! plumb+ outfit1 & are c]ta9ly wor? ! extra exp5se4 ,!re are arrangem5ts :]e ! f9i% is m elaborate1 ! details m complete1 & ! co/ l>gely 9 excess ( ! figure "h nam$4 ,! same device applies to ! v>i\s tubs1 porcela91 iron1 or copp]4 ,=m]ly x 0 common to h a l>ge spr9kl] connect$ ) hot & cold wat] above ! tub2 ?is is n[ unusual4 ,x 0 impossible to use ?is spr9kl] )\t wett+ ! head4 ,= t reason ! hose & spr9kl] has l>gely tak5 its place 9 ord9>y "w4 ,h[ev]1 ! spr9kl] is a v good ?+1 ?\gh x is n put 9 except+ :]e ! hose atta*m5t is also suppli$4 ,ano!r mod]n arrangem5t :i* has to d ) ! spr9kl] is a surr\nd+ rubb] curta91 :i* is support$ by a plat$ r+ on a level ) "o's head :5 /&+4 ,?is prev5ts ! spla%+ ( wat] out ( ! tub4 ,x goes aga9/ ! curta91 & is ?us deflect$ into ! tub4 ,v>i\s arrangem5ts on ?is pr9ciple1 look+ to hot or /eam ba?s1 h be5 devis$4 ,!y surr\nd ! p]son ba?+1 leav+ only ! head expos$1 & dis*>ge ! w>m wat] into ! conf9$ space surr\nd+ ! body4 ,?is is a make%ift to take ! place ( hot & /eam ba?s4 ,9 "s in/ances1 "o-?ird ( ! foot end ( ! tub is fitt$ ) a copp]-l9$ enclosure on ?ree sides1 ) %[] at top4 ,"o may /& 9 ?is space & use ! %[] z ) ! curta94 ,additions are sometimes made to ?is arrangem5t1 :]e9 ! side spray or ne$le ba? is provid$4 ,x is s call$ f ! ne$le size ( ! /reams1 :i* are emitt$ f c]ta9 pipes4 ,all ( ^! %[]s are connect$ ) regulat+ valves1 s t any desir$ temp]ature ( wat] may be ma9ta9$ by prop] adju/m5t4 ,9 "s v elaborate ba?-rooms %[]s are provid$ at ! side ( ! room :]e !re is a m>ble floor & m>ble wall surface4 ,^! ?+s are arrang$ ) a multiplicity ( detail1 %[+ ! +5uity ( p :o h giv5 ^! matt]s mu* /udy1 & :i* _c be fully consid]$ 9 ?is connection4 ,foot-tubs1 ) hot & cold wat] connections1 are made ( ! same mat]ial t is us$ 9 ba?-tubs1 b are n consid]$ 9 ! plans furni%$ 9 ?is book1 ?\gh !y may be us$ at w4 ,! ba?-tub w s]ve ! same g5]al purpose4 ,z /at$1 ! ba?-tubs connect ) hot & cold wat]2 !y connect ) soil pipe or dra9 by means ( "o-&-"o-half-in* light lead wa/e pipe1 :i* is trapp$ by means ( an ,s or o!r trap4 ,,safes4 ,a safe is simply a lead pan :i* may be plac$ "u ! ba?-tub1 or o!r enclos$ fixture1 to gu>d aga9/ accid5ts f ov]fl[ or leakage4 ,!y are made ( f\r-p\nd %eet lead1 & are usually turn$ up f two to f\r in*es all ar\nd4 ,! lead is =m$ to a bevell$ /rip at ! sides & end1 ! size ( ! pan be+ t ( ! extreme outside ( ! fixture4 ,!re is usually an in* wa/e connection to ! cell> or kit*5 s9k4 ,x w\ld be highly improp] to connect a safe ) ! dra91 trapp$ or o!rwise1 z its use "u any circum/ances w be occasional1 & any wat] t !re might be 9 ! trap w\ld be c]ta9 to evaporate1 & 9 t way ! safe wa/e w\ld be ! means ( connect+ ! f\lness ( ! dra9 ) ! h\se4 ,!re=e1 x is "r & prop] t x %\ld connect ) ! s9k or ! cell> floor4 ,9 t way1 any dis*>ge !refrom w\ld be readily notic$4 ,wa/es are frequ5tly plac$ "u ba?-tubs1 g5]ally "u wa%-/&s1 :5 !y are enclos$1 b r>ely or nev] "u a mod]n wat]-closet4 ,!y are frequ5tly disp5s$ ) entirely4 ,,wat]-,,closets4 ,fig4 #g1 page #fh1 indicates1 9 p]spective & 9 section1 ! m common =m ( wat]-closet n[ 9 use1 ?an :i* no?+-bett] has be5 devis$4 ,! details ( ! valve connection & g5]al =m ( ! closet itself1 & ! means ( flu%+ x1 are v>i\s1 b ! g5]al pr9ciple is ! same4 ,x is no?+ m or less ?an a l>ge b[l hav+ an ,s trap connection ) soil pipe4 ,! b[l & trap are ( :ite porcela9 w>e1 9 "o piece4 ,! =m1 z "h %[n1 is a wa%\t closet1 & is ! "o 9 mo/ g5]al use4 ,usually a connection ) public wat] s]vice is provid$ f a tank above4 ,trap v5t1 z %[n1 is connect$ ) ! out] air above ! ro(4 ,! seat ( ! closet is usually support$ f ! wall at ! back1 & re/s on ! body ( ! porcela91 on rubb] buff]s1 :i* prev5t ! liability ( breakage or noise1 if x falls4 ,"u any circum/ances1 wat]-closets %\ld nev] be enclos$4 ,,wa%-,,/&s4 ,x has be5 said t wa%-/&s are ! mo/ dang]\s fixtures t g into a h\se1 & = t reason ! greate/ c>e %\ld be obs]v$ 9 _! con/ruction4 ,! only mat]ial ( :i* ! b[l prop]1 = use 9 a dwell+-h\se1 %\ld be made is porcela94 ,! usual =m is circul>1 & ab\t f\rte5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,h[ev]1 !y are made 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,! details ( _! con/ruction diff] z greatly z ^? ( ! o!r fixtures :i* h be5 nam$4 ,b[ls are made :i* h ! same pat5t ov]fl[ arrangem5ts z ! ba?-tub ov]fl[s t h be5 consid]$ & describ$ else:]e4 ,x is usual1 h[ev]1 to use a rubb] plug & *a94 ,! top & back ( ! wa%-/& %\ld be ( m>ble4 ,! top %\ld be "o & "o-eigh? in* ?ick1 c\nt]-sunk1 s t ! spla%$ wat] _c run f x to ! floor2 ! back ne$ be only sev5-eigh?s in* ?ick1 & g5]ally n m ?an t5 in*es high4 ,sometimes x may be less4 ,! hot & cold wat] fixtures are nickel-plat$2 usually !y are made self-clos+1 to prev5t ! wa/e ( wat]4 ,x is necess>y t !y %\ld be s :]e city wat] is us$4 ,x is "p ( ! city regulations t all connections ( ?is k9d be self-clos+4 ,wa%-/&s ne$ n be enclos$ bel[4 ,! m>ble top may be support$ on iron brackets or turn$ wood5 legs ( h>d wood4 ,traps & o!r dra9 connections c be neatly arrang$ s t _! appe>ance is n 9 any s5se objectionable 9 ! ba?-room or o!r place4 ,! wa%-/& %\ld h "o-&-"o-half-in* light lead trapp$ connection ) ! dra9 or soil pipe4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x is n necess>y = ! trap to be v5tilat$1 unless x s happ5 t x is "s di/ance f ! soil pipe or dra94 ,! soil pipe1 we "k1 is always v5tilat$1 & if ! wa%-/& is situat$ "s di/ance f x1 x %\ld h a direct communication ) ! out] air above ! ro(4 ,sometimes a pit*]-cock is plac$ on ! wa%-/& 9 ! ba?-room to enable ! draw+ ( dr9k+ wat] :5 ! o!r connections are ) ! ci/]n1 x be+ assum$ 9 ?is in/ance t only ! wat] f public wat] works is us$ = dr9k+ purposes4 ,! pit*]-cock is simply "o ) a long neck :i* ext5ds above ! b[l1 & is direct$ into x1 ! pit*] be+ plac$ "u x = ! purpose ( fill+4 ,,laundry ,,fitt+s4 ,! fitt+s = a simple laundry app>atus1 t w\ld g into a h\se ( v mod]ate co/1 h be5 describ$ else:]e4 ,9 ?is in/ance we w consid] only ! m elaborate arrangem5ts :i* h to d ) set tubs4 ,!y may be ( porcela9 or pla9 ca/-iron1 ( ca/-iron porcela9-l9$1 or ( br[n glaz$ e>!nw>e4 ,! porcela9 is ( ! same g5]al "* z t m5tion$ = ! ba?-tub & s9ks1 & is an exp5sive & v elegant mat]ial4 ,! porcela9-l9$ iron tubs are 9 m g5]al use1 = ! reason t !y are less exp5sive ?an ^? ( all porcela94 ,br[n e>!nw>e tubs are com+ to be favorably consid]$1 & are 9 e way satisfactory4 ,tubs made ( wood1 slate1 or o!r mat]ial1 :]e !y are 9 sev]al pieces1 are objectionable4 ,^? m5tion$ above are "o-piece tubs1 & are g5]ally set ?ree toge!r4 ,! porcela9 or br[n e>!nw>e tubs usually h wood5 rims4 ,sometimes ^! tubs are provid$ ) cov]s1 ?\gh x is usual & pref]able t cov]s be n us$1 & t ! wat] be suppli$ f above4 ,! hot & cold wat] fixtures are nickel-plat$ compression cocks1 :i* connect ) hot & cold wat] s\rces4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x is be/1 :]e set tubs are us$1 t an indep5d5t app>atus = heat+ wat] be provid$2 t is1 a laundry wat] heat]1 ( :i* !re are _m diff]5t k9ds1 & :i* are con/ruct$ on ! same g5]al pr9ciple z ! arrangem5t m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! kit*5 & o!r wat]-heat+ app>atus4 ,x is entirely possible1 h[ev]1 to make connections ) ! wat]-heat+ app>atus ( ! kit*54 ,! dra9 connections are ( "o-&-"o-half-in* light lead1 & are indep5d5tly trapp$ = ea* tub4 ,!y lead to ! ma9 dra91 connect+ ) sew] or vault4 ,,outside ,,dra9s4 ,dra9s outside ( ! h\se %\ld be ( vitrifi$ or glaz$ e>!nw>e pipe1 laid bel[ ! action ( fro/1 ) prop] slant4 ,!y %\ld be well b$d$ & h smoo?ly cem5t$ jo9ts4 ,! slant ne$ be v slight1 eighte5 in*es 9 eighty feet or less may be us$4 ,x is especially desirable t ! jo9ts be ?or\ghly cem5t$1 & t !y be smoo? on ! inside1 s t ! f\l matt] pass+ ?r\gh ! int]ior w n lodge aga9/ any projections4 ,! surface or ends ( ! pipe %\ld nev] be clipp$ or cut = connections2 ,y's or ,t's are us$ = all connections ) o!r dra9s4 ,dra9 pipes f a dwell+-h\se are usually five or six in*es 9 diamet]4 ,x is q z important t !y be n too l>ge z t !y be l>ge en\gh4 ,:]e a pipe is too l>ge1 !re is n en\gh wat] 9 ! bottom to keep x clean4 ,! illu/ration "h giv5 w make cle> ?is po9t4 ,a six & eight in* dra9 is %[n ) ! same quantity ( wat] 9 ea*4 ,x is common 9 cases ( dra9 connection ) a vault t no trap 9 ! dra9 or soil pipe itself be us$4 ,:]e sew] connection is made1 a vitrifi$ trap ( ! same size z ! dra9 is us$2 & x is provid$ ) a trap v5t connection ) ! out] air by means ( vitrifi$ v5t & grate op5+ at ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch ,/orm-wat] connections may be made ) ! ma9 sew]1 b x is be/ t !y be made betwe5 ! h\se & ! trap ( ma9 dra94 ,9 ?is way !re is no dang] ( ! sew] hav+ connection ) ! d[n sp\ts 9 ! ev5t ( ! evaporation ( ! wat] 9 ! trap ( ! /orm-wat] connection4 ,! mod]n plan ( city sew] sy/ems is to h indep5d5t s]vice = /orm wat] & h\se dra9 connections4 ,,grease ,,s9ks4 ,! grease s9k is l9$ ) brick1 & is usually ( f\r or five b>rels capacity4 ,x is cem5t$ ! same z ! ci/]n1 is g5]ally tw5ty or tw5ty-five feet away f ! h\se1 & has a f\r-in* vitrifi$ dra9 connection ) ! wa/e f ! kit*5 s9k or o!r s9k 9 :i* greasy wat] may be deposit$4 ,! s9k itself has a siphon connection ) ! ma9 dra9 or vault1 &1 be+ provid$ ) an iron top1 ! deposit ( grease or o!r mat]ial may be remov$ if necess>y4 ,9 "s in/ances a s9k ( ?is k9d is requir$ to be us$ to collect all solid matt] be=e ! dra9age connection passes f ! prop]ty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,s trap only has be5 di/9ctly m5tion$4 ,!re are hundr$s ( o!rs1 all con/ruct$ ^u ! same g5]al pr9ciple4 ,"s are provid$ ) me*anical means ( clos+ ! op5+ lead+ to ! s\rce ( supply1 &1 9 addition to ?is1 !y are provid$ ) a seal ( wat] dep5d+ ^u "s =m or condition ( ! ,s trap4 ,?is pr9ciple is inv>iable 9 ! con/ruction ( traps4 ,no trap %\ld be us$ unless provid$ ) a trap screw ( ! same size z ! dra9 itself1 :i* w admit ( its be+ op5$ :5 necess>y4 ,x is n uncommon t r+s or o!r jewelry get into ! wa/e ( wa%-/& or ba?-tub2 !y may be recov]$ by tak+ out ! trap screw4 ,aga91 %\ld ! trap become f\l$ or clogg$1 ! matt] may be remov$ 9 ! same way4 ,,nickel ,,fitt+s4 ,= ! kit*5 s9k1 nickel fitt+s are pref]able to brass1 because !y are m easily clean$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv4 ,,co/ ,,( ,a ,,h\se4--,,s*$ules ,,( ,,co/s4--,,:at ,,goes ,,into ,a ,,h\se4--,,s*$ule ,b4--,,co/ ,,details4 ,:at makes ! co/ ( a h\se8 ,ev]y?+ t has be5 plac$ on ! lot :5 ! /ructure is complet$4 ,bel[ is a =m or s*$ule1 ) blanks1 fill$ out by an ar*itect = a g5tleman = :om he made plans4 ,,john ,,smi?1--,z ,i und]/& y\r wants1 w\ld e/imate ! co/ ( improvem5ts contemplat$ on ,no4 ,delaw>e ,/reet z foll[s3-- ,build+--#a/ floor f9i% h>d wood1 #b;d floor f9i% popl>1 #c1jjj ,privy & ,vault #ce ,ci/]n & ,connections #ej ,well1 ,connections1 & ,pump #ce ,walks1 #dj y>ds at #gj c5ts #bh ,f5ces--,tight bo>d1 #afj feet at #be c5ts1 ,picket none1 #dj ,illum9at+-,gas ,pipe #cj ,plumb+--,cell> s9k #a1 ,kit*5 s9k #a1 ,ba?-tub #a1 ,w4 ,c4 #a1 ,w4 ,s4 #a1 ,/4 ,wa%] #a1 ,city & ,ci/]n ,wat]1 #bge ,natural-,gas ,pipe1 )\t burn]s or burn] fitt+s #ce ,gas ,fixtures #ej ,mantels & ,grates #c1 ,av]age co/ #dj #abj ,furnace #bej ,plate ,glass #ej ,ca!dral ,glass #be ,electric ,"w--,door bell #b1 ,kit*5 bell #a #be ----- #a1abh ------ ,)\t ,ar*itect's fee #d1abh ,ev]y?+ t goes into a h\se %\ld be fully repres5t$ to ! own]4 ,?us ! co/s may be fix$ & ! aggregate und]/ood4 ,if ?is 7 univ]sally done1 !re w\ld be less said ab\t ! unreliability ( ar*itects' e/imates4 ,if ! ar*itect is v c>eful to make kn[n to ! own] ! quality ( ev]y?+ t he is to h1 &1 z well1 ! g5]al quantities & co/s1 he is do+ 8 full duty 9 ?is matt]4 ,any?+ less ?an ?is is a neglect ( duty4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is %\ld be made a matt] ( record1 s t if *anges are made & ! co/ alt]$1 a basis = comp>ison may be at h&4 ,x is ! practice ( ! writ] to use a specification :i* describes ev]y?+ :i* may be a "p ( a brick or a frame h\se1 & to /amp out ! p>ts omitt$4 ,= example1 9 t specification !re are specifi$ brick & cem5t$ floors = cell>4 ,x is ! cu/om to /amp ! ^w ,no be=e ! words brick floor1 s t x reads ,no brick floor 9 cell>4 ,9 o!r cases x may be ,no lattice "w 9 side y>d1 etc4 ,?us ! own] ( ! h\se kn[s n only :at he is to get1 b :at he is n to get1 & ! exact quality ( t :i* is includ$ z well z t :i* is omitt$4 ,he has positive & negative in=mation ) respect to 8 h\se4 ,?is =m ( specification has be5 9 use ?ree ye>s1 & has be5 uni=mly satisfactory4 ,! s*$ule fill$ out = ,mr4 ,smi? is a pr9t$ =m1 :i* is h&$ to ! own] z soon z ! build+ co/ is det]m9$4 ,x is 9 addition to ! detail$ specification4 ,9 ! s*$ule ! co/ ( ! build+ is put d[n at ?ree ?\s& doll>s4 ,! appurt5ances are ! items m5tion$ bel[ ! l9e :i* gives ! price ( ! build+ prop]1 & 9 ?is in/ance are e/imat$ at #a1abh4 ,! h\se e/imate is #c1jjj4 ,?is makes a total co/ ( #d1abh4 ,! h\se 0 a well-f9i%$ build+ ( n9e rooms4 ,! p>lor & hall 7 f9i%$ 9 qu>t]$ oak1 ! d9+ & sitt+ rooms 9 qu>t]$ sycamore1 ! re> hall 9 qu>t]$ oak1 ! *9a-room 9 sycamore1 kit*5 & pantry 9 pla9 oak4 ,x w\ld h co/ ab\t #abe less to f9i% ! fir/ floor ( ?is h\se 9 s(t wood4 ,x is n possible to give g5]al /atem5ts z to ! diff]5ce 9 co/ ( f9i%+ betwe5 h>d & s(t wood4 ,tw5ty to ?irty-five doll>s a room is g5]ally ample1 ?\gh ! diff]5ce may be great]4 ,! privy build+ 0 figur$ at tw5ty doll>s1 & ! vault at a doll> a foot4 ,! ci/]n & connections at fifty c5ts a b>rel4 ,?us a hundr$-b>rel ci/]n co/s fifty doll>s4 ,! well pump1 :i* 0 locat$ 9 ! kit*51 0 a *eap =m ( horizontal =ce-pump fa/5$ to ! floor1 ) ! h&le com+ up ne> ! kit*5 table4 ,x suppli$ wat] to ! kit*5 s9k4 ,x1 z well z ! ci/]n pump1 0 includ$ 9 ! plumb+ contract4 ,! walks 7 ord9>y brick walks laid 9 s&4 ,tight-bo>d f5ce 0 figur$1 z %[n1 at tw5ty-five c5ts a l9eal foot4 ,! illum9at+-gas pipe 0 figur$ at a little less ?an ! price giv5 on s*$ule ,b1 b 0 ample4 ,! same may be said ( ! plumb+ "w4 ,! gas fixtures 7 neat brass goods t look$ pla9 9 ! /ore surr\nd$ ) v elaborate ones1 b 7 entirely satisfactory :5 9 ! h\se4 ,! mantels & grates1 z may be judg$ by _! co/1 7 n v elaborate4 ,h[ev]1 !y 7 ( wood1 ! same /yle & f9i% z ! room4 ,!re 7 bevell$-glass mirrors above ! %elves4 ,! he>? & fac+ 7 ( unglaz$ tile1 ! grate-frame ( brass1 ! grate itself club patt]n1 & altoge!r x 0 simple b pleas+4 ,! furnace 0 ( wr\ght-iron1 rivet$ jo9ts1 ) galvaniz$ iron jacket4 ,x w\ld h co/ ab\t fifte5 or tw5ty doll>s m to set x 9 brick4 ,?is price includ$ regi/]s1 pipes 9 ! wall1 & all connections4 ,if ! build+ _h co/ a ?\s& doll>s m1 or ev5 two ?\s&1 ! appurt5ances ne$ n h co/ m ?an a hundr$ to a hundr$ & fifty doll>s additional4 ,!re w\ld probably h be5 a little m gas pipe1 a few m fixtures1 & ! furnace w\ld h be5 some:at m exp5sive2 or1 if ! h\se _h co/ five hundr$ doll>s less1 ! appurt5ances w\ld n h repres5t$ 9 all m ?an sev5ty-five doll>s diff]5ce1 provid+ ! g5]al requirem5ts _h be5 ! same4 ,! foll[+ s*$ule 0 prep>$ = ,mr4 ,br[n4 ,8 0 an eight-room h\se2 small]1 less elaborate1 b j z well built1 z ! "o = ,mr4 ,smi?4 ,he did n h q z mu* plumb+1 & r$uc$ ! o!r appurt5ances some:at4 ,altoge!r !y repres5t #hja4 ,if 8 _h be5 a fifte5-hundr$-doll> h\se1 & ! same g5]al conditions _h be5 met1 ! appurt5ances w\ld n h co/ any less4 ,likewise1 if x _h be5 a two-?\s&-doll> h\se1 !y w\ld h co/ no m4 ,additions to size ( rooms or a m elaborate f9i% w\ld n h appreciably affect$ ! co/ ( ! appurt5ances4 ,x is well to be> ?is 9 m9d :5 build+4 ,,william ,,br[n1--,z ,i und]/& y\r wants1 w\ld e/imate ! co/ ( improvem5ts contemplat$ on ,no4 ,alabama ,/reet z foll[s3-- ,build+--#a/ floor f9i% h>d wood1 #b;d floor f9i% popl>1 #a1gjj ,privy & ,vault #dj ,ci/]n & ,connections #dj ,no ,well1 ,connections1 & ,pump ,walks1 #cj y>ds at #gj c5ts #ba ,f5ces--,tight bo>d1 #ajj at #be c5ts1 ,picket none #be ,illum9at+-,gas ,pipe #be ,plumb+--,cell> s9k none1 ,kit*5 s9k #a1 ,ba?-tub #a1 ,w4 ,c4 #a1 ,w4 ,s4 #a1 ,/4 ,wa%] #a1 ,city ,wat] #bjj ,natural-,gas ,pipe1 )\t burn]s or burn] fitt+s #cj ,gas ,fixtures #ce ,mantels & ,grates #c1 ,av]age co/ #dj #abj ,furnace #bdj ,plate ,glass #bj ,ca!dral ,glass none ,electric ,"w--,door bell #a1 ,kit*5 bell none #e #hja ,)\t ,ar*itect's fee #b1eja ,! two examples giv5 %[ ! me?od ( fill+ out a co/ s*$ule1 :i*1 by ! way1 is seldom pres5t$ 9 ?is =m to ! own] ( a h\se by 8 ar*itect4 ,x n[ rema9s to indicate1 9 g5]al t]ms1 ! basis ( values z be=e giv54 ,x is n int5d$ to =m ?is book on ! e-man-8-own-ar*itect pr9ciple1 b x is con/ruct$ on ! idea t e "o %\ld "k z mu* ab\t ! bus9ess 9 h& z is possible1 be=e call+ = o!r assi/ance4 ,= ?is purpose c]ta9 prices are giv5 :i* are a little 9 advance ( ^? *>g$ 9 ! section ( c\ntry to :i* !y apply4 ,?is is done s t ! errors1 if any1 may be on ! side ( safety4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !re w n be any great diff]5ce 9 ! co/ ( ! appurt5ances m5tion$4 ,x is ! co/ ( ! build+ prop] :i* v>ies4 ,! co/ ( ! build+s illu/rat$ is giv51 unless o!rwise m5tion$1 on a basis ( h>d-wood f9i% = ! fir/ floor except+ kit*51 & s(t wood above1 all f9i%$ 9 oil4 ,bel[ is ! s*$ule ,b1 s frequ5tly ref]r$ to 9 ! description ( h\se plans4 ,,s*$ule ,b4 ,build+4--,fir/ floor f9i% h>d wood2 second floor1 s(t wood4 ,:]e e/imates are giv5 9 ! book on ! basis ( s*$ule ,b1 !y include only ! build+1 z m5tion$ above1 & d n include ! foll[+ items3-- ,privy build+1 #bj2 vault1 #a p] foot = ea* foot 9 dep?4 ,ci/]n & connections1 #j4ej p] b>rel2 pump1 #e to #ce2 well1 #j4ge p] l9eal foot2 pump & connections1 #e to #ce4 7,=ce pump includ$ 9 plumb+ contract47 ,walks ( brick1 #j4gj p] squ>e y>d2 cem5t1 #a4hj p] squ>e y>d4 ,f5ces3 tight-bo>d1 #j4be p] l9eal foot2 picket1 #j4ej p] l9eal foot1 pa9t$ ?ree coats4 ,illum9at+-gas pipe1 #a4ej to #b p] connection4 ,plumb+--,cell> s9k1 pla9 iron set #aj ,hot-wat] boil] & back #be ,kit*5 s9k1 city & hot & cold ci/]n wat] #cj ,=ce pump & tank #ej ,ba?-tub1 #ad oz4 copp] #cj ,wa%-/& #be ,wat]-closet wa%\t #dj ,/reet-wa%] #ab ,city s]vice1 #j4ce a foot1 l9eal1 laid4 ,dra9 connection1 #j4cj a foot1 l9eal1 laid4 ,= o!r pip+ & connections add tw5ty p] c5t ( above aggregate4 ,natural-gas pip+1 )\t burn]s1 #d a fire4 ,gas fixtures1 ab\t #a4ej p] burn]4 ,mantels & grates1 av]age co/1 #dj4 ,furnace1 = all pipes & connections1 n9e regi/]s1 #bdj2 add #af = ea* additional second-/ory connection2 #h = fir/-/ory connection4 ,plate glass1 #j4ej to #j4ge a squ>e foot1 accord+ to size4 ,ca!dral glass1 pla91 #j4cj a foot2 lead$1 f #a upw>d4 ,electric "w--door bells1 ea* #f2 kit*5 bell1 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi4 ,,v>y+ ,,build+ ,,values4--,,co/ ,,( ,,appurt5ances4--,,prices ,,( ,,labor ,,& ,,mat]ial ,,on ,,:i* ,,e/imates ,,are ,,bas$4 ,! co/ ( build+ v>ies 9 diff]5t sections4 ,at ! end ( ?is *apt] w be f\nd a li/ ( prices ^u :i* ! build+ e/imates ( ?is book are bas$4 ,! plumb+ s*$ule is =m$ s t "o may see ab\t :at ! diff]5t items ( a complet$ plumb+ outfit co/4 ,figur+ sixty feet ( s]vice & sev5ty feet ( dra91 ! plumb+ outfit w\ld co/1 z indicat$1 #cbh4 ,x has be5 furni%$ = less4 ,! figures giv5 9 connection ) plumb+ "w are n necess>ily accurate4 ,!y are approximately s 9 detail4 ,z no two plumb]s or o!r me*anics w figure exactly ! same on ! same fixtures1 or ! same mat]ial & labor1 x is n to be expect$ t an ar*itect c\ld =m a ?umb-rule s*$ule :i* w\ld be satisfactory to plumb]s & all o!rs4 ,9 ! class ( "w contemplat$ 9 ?is specification1 ! t5d5cy ( ^! figures is 9 ! "r direction4 ,!y are z ne>ly correct z g5]al /atem5ts c be4 ,x is kn[n t a s+le ba?-tub c be fitt$ up to co/ m ?an ! entire plumb+ outfit "h m5tion$4 ,x w\ld af=d no m conv5i5ces to ! occupant ( ! h\se1 & w\ld be no saf] f a sanit>y /&po9t2 & x probably w\ld require m labor to c>e = ?an ! "o contemplat$4 ,! e/imates are on ! basis ( a specification :i* w\ld meet ) ! approval ( ! public sanit>y inspectors 9 any ( ! l>ge cities4 ,:]e !re is a mat]ial r$uction 9 ! numb] ( fixtures & connections f ! li/ giv51 ! p]c5tage = o!r pip+ & connections w h to be increas$4 ,!re are v>i\s ways ( r$uc+ ! co/ ( ! outfit4 ,! be/ way is to h less ( x2 = in/ance1 only city wat] may be us$1 or1 possibly1 only ! ci/]n wat]4 ,! complet$ plumb+ outfit m5tion$ 9 s*$ule ,b1 ) ! exception ( ci/]n-wat] connections1 includ+ hot & cold city wat] = s9k1 wa%-/&1 & ba?-tub1 has be5 put 91 9 plan ,no4 #cj1 = #bde4 ,! natural-gas-pip+ figure1 l ! o!rs1 is liable to v>y4 ,pip+ = five fires has be5 put 9 = #bj1 = #ae1 & = #cj4 ,! burn]s1 ! burn] valves & mix]s1 usually co/ f f\r to five doll>s a fire4 ,! gas-fixture s*$ule is pric$ by ! burn]1 n by ! connection4 ,ea* burn] ( ea* fixture is c\nt$4 ,( c\rse "o may get a s+le fixture :i* w co/ z mu* z ! above rule w\ld figure on a :ole outfit1 b t is unusual 9 mod]ate-co/ h\ses4 ,"s ( ! second-/ory brackets w co/ f n9ety c5ts to "o doll> & a qu>t] apiece4 ,?is w increase ! price ( burn] m>g9 = ! fir/ floor1 & all[ m elaborate fixtures4 ,! mantels are pric$ to include grate1 he>?1 fac+s1 & ev]y?+ t may g !re1 except+ f5d] & bl[]4 ,"o may get a mantel = #be or #cj1 or he may use a grate sett+ )\t a mantel1 or may g z f> into ! hundr$s z 8 incl9ation & means w lead him4 ,v exp5sive mantels 9 mod]ate-co/ h\ses are n 9 good ta/e4 ,a #ajj or #aej mantel 9 a room all ( ! o!r wood-"w ( :i* did n co/ ov] half t sum1 is 9 exce$+ly bad =m4 ,! mantel appe>s l a monum5t2 ev]y?+ ar\nd x is insignificant4 ,9 buy+ mantels f /ock 9 mantel /ores1 ! *eap] ones are g5]ally ! be/ design$ f an arti/ic /&po9t4 ,! furnace price is necess>ily arbitr>y4 ,! own] ( a h\se w be told t ! price "h giv5 is too high & too l[4 ,a mod]ate-siz$1 two-/ory1 eight-room h\se1 :i*1 c\nt+ ! ba?-room1 w\ld h n9e connections1 c\ld be provid$ ) a furnace ( wr\ght-iron or /eel1 rivet$ jo9ts1 d\ble galvaniz$-iron jacket1 = #bdj4 ,! same furnace brick-set w co/ f fifte5 to tw5ty doll>s m4 ,! own] ( su* a h\se c get a *eap] furnace1 or he c get "o :i* w be mu* m exp5sive4 ,(t5times :5 an ar*itect e/imates ! price ( a furnace to ! own]1 ! latt] w respond ) ! /atem5t t he has be5 (f]$ a furnace complete = n9ety doll>s4 ,^u inve/igation x g5]ally proves t ! furnace is 9 "s "o's /ore ready = deliv]y2 t x w co/ extra to set x1 & = all connections1 fitt+s1 regi/]s1 etc42 & t ! furnace itself is ( su* a k9d t n9ety doll>s is a high price = x4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! /atem5t z to furnace prices w meet ) g5]al disapproval f manufactur]s4 ,_m w say t ! prices giv5 are ridicul\sly high1 & o!rs1 ridicul\sly l[4 ,o!r g5]al /atem5ts z to heat+ app>atus may be f\nd 9 a *apt] giv5 to t subject 9 t section ( ! book devot$ to ! ,j\rney ?r\gh ! ,h\se4 ,! e/imates giv5 on plate & ca!dral glass are ab\t z unsatisfactory z any?+ c be4 ,!y m]ely give ! own] a g5]al idea z to :at to expect4 ,electric-"w prices are approximately correct = localities :]e ! facilities = do+ ?is k9d ( "w are at h&4 ,door & table bell outfits are n[ sold & arrang$ ready to be set up4 ,! me?ods ( _! adju/m5t are s simple t any "o :o c read c put !m 94 ,! g5]al /atem5t may be made t ^! prices are approximately correct 9 all ! l>g] m>kets2 & t 9 cases :]e ! build+ is f> remov$ !refrom1 !re mu/ necess>ily be additions = travel ( workm51 & o!r incid5tal exp5ses 9 ! transportation ( mat]ial & labor4 ,! foll[+ is ! li/ ( prices ( mat]ial & labor ^u :i* ! build+ e/imates are bas$3-- ,excavat+1 #j4be a y>d4 ,brick 9 ! wall1 #i p] ,m4 ,mason "w1 #e4ej a y>d1 laid up4 ,cem5t floors1 #j4gj a squ>e y>d4 ,timb]1 joi/1 & scantl+1 less ?an eighte5 feet long1 #ag p] ,m4 ,no4 #a common bo>ds1 #ah p] ,m4 ,select common p9e floor+1 c\nt measure1 #bf p] ,m4 ,common floor+1 c\nt measure1 #bb4ej p] ,m4 ,fir/ quality yell[ p9e floor+1 face measure1 #cg4ej p] ,m4 ,/&>d yell[ p9e floor+1 face measure1 #cj p] ,m4 ,no4 #a popl> floor+1 face measure1 #bh4ej p] ,m4 ,no4 #b popl> floor+1 face measure1 #bc4ej p] ,m4 ,no4 #a /ock bo>ds1 #bj p] ,m4 ,no4 #a popl> sid+ or wea!r-bo>d+1 #ah p] ,m4 ,no4 #b1 #af p] ,m4 ,no4 #a p9e sid+1 #bb p] ,m4 ,no4 #b1 #bj p] ,m4 ,%+les1 #af in*es cle> butts1 be/1 p] ,m1 #c4ge4 ,%+les1 #af in*es extra1 #aj in*es cle> butts1 #c4be4 ,p9e la?1 p] ,m1 #b4ej4 ,popl> & p9e f9i%+ lumb]1 #c4ge to #f p] #ajj feet4 ,oak or maple floor+1 fir/ class1 #d to #f p] #ajj feet4 ,oak f9i%+ lumb]1 #d to #f p] #ajj feet4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions ! above prices are subject to disc\nts4 ,pla/]+3 ?ree-coat "w1 pla/]-(-,p>is f9i%1 #j4be a y>d2 two-coat "w1 pla/]-(-,p>is f9i%1 #j4bj2 gray float$ s& f9i%1 ?ree c5ts extra on above prices4 ,pa9t+1 #j4jf p] y>d a coat4 ,labor3 common labor1 #j4ae an h\r2 bricklay]s & masons1 #j4ce to #j4de an h\r2 c>p5t]s1 #j4bj to #j4cj an h\r2 t9n]s1 #j4cj an h\r2 pa9t]s1 #j4bj to #j4cj an h\r2 plumb] & help]1 #j4ej an h\r4 ,! above labor prices are ^? paid by ! contractors4 ,r>ely1 h[ev]1 are ! maximum prices rea*$4 ,!re are few subjects on :i* ideas v>y s greatly z values4 ,?is fact may be made app>5t :5 we call to m9d t bids on a h\se let = #c1jjj frequ5tly range #a1jjj high] ?an ?is figure4 ,,bus9ess ,,po9ts ,,9 ,,build+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvii4 ,,l[-,,co/ ,,h\ses4--,,me?ods ,,( ,,mak+ ,,contracts4--,,ar*itects' ,,e/imates4--,,build+ ,,by ,,! ,,day4--,,! ,,safe/ ,,plan4--,,gu>d+ ,,aga9/ ,,li5s4 ,a l[-co/1 well-built h\se is s\ght by all4 ,! co/ ( a h\se is l>gely a "q ( bus9ess managem5t1--"o ( k4 ,be=e consid]+ ! details ( contract+ = ! build+ ( a h\se1 !re are a few g5]al po9ts :i* %\ld be m5tion$4 ,fir/1 x nev] pays to make a contract to h a h\se built = less ?an x is wor?4 ,9 ord] to get a good h\se1 x is necess>y t !re be a m>g9 ( pr(it = ! build]4 ,second1 a good h\se f a con/ructive /&po9t c only be built by compet5t me*anics4 ,"o may contract = ! build+ ( a h\se = less ?an x is wor? ) p>ties :o are incapable ( do+ fir/-class "w1 & require a bond to secure ! fai?ful execution ( ! contract4 ,a contract or a bond _c make a man d good "w if he does n "k h[ to d x4 ,x w n save anxiety or tr\ble4 ,x may indemnify aga9/ actual damages1 b nev] aga9/ tr\ble & vexation2 nor c x comp5sate = poor "w done 9 build+ a home4 ,?is matt] is m5tion$ because x is ! fault ( a great _m p1 :o are inexp]i5c$ 9 build+1 t !y are dispos$ to h "w done = less ?an x is wor?4 ,x does n pay4 ,x may be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t "o build] may be able to build = less ?an ano!r4 ,"o may h m en]gy1 tact1 or g5]al ability ?an ano!r4 ,he may h bett] cr$it2 may be a bett] buy]4 ,! result is l>g] accompli%m5ts4 ,9 speak+ ( l[-co/ h\ses or *eap build+s1 x is n to be und]/ood t !y are *eap or l[-co/ 9 ! s5se ( be+ common or frail4 ,i mean fir/-class h\ses at a relatively l[ co/2 l[ co/ 9 a bus9ess s5se1 ! be/ = ! money4 ,we (t5 he> ! /atem5t made t "o c tell no?+ def9ite ab\t ! co/ ( a h\se until x is f9i%$4 ,"o c come z ne> kn[+ :at a h\se w co/1 z he c to kn[+ :at he wants be=e he beg9s4 ,"o c get prices on :at he has 9 m9d1 if 8 ideas be express$4 ,he _c get prices on ! unkn[n4 ,! expression ( "o's ideas ( a h\se is ?r\gh plans & specifications4 ,! fact t ar*itects' e/imates are (t5 too l[ is because ! own] is n suffici5tly in=m$ 9 h\se-build+ to "k :at he wants until aft] ! e/imate is made4 ,! own] usually expresses a price t he wi%es to pay = 8 h\se be=e he expresses 8 idea4 ,x may be well to illu/rate ?is4 ,"o :o wi%es to build goes to an ar*itect ) "s sket*es or pr9ts1 :i* he has be5 collect+1 lays !m d[n & says1-- ,we're ?9k+ ab\t build+ a h\se4 ,we want some?+ l ?is4 ,"h are f\r rooms & a hall d[n/airs1 & f\r rooms & a ba?-room above4 ,we want to build ( wood1 & wi% to h ! h\se w>m & sub/antial4 ,c x be built = ?ree ?\s& doll>s8 ,x's all we h to put 9 x4 ,oh1 yes1 says ! ar*itect2 & s x c4 ,a good1 com=table1 sub/antial h\se1 f ! plans indicat$1 c be built = ?ree ?\s& doll>s4 ,! ar*itect kn[s ?is1 & says t ! "w c be done = t price4 ,he is ord]$ to make ! plans4 ,9 a day or two ! own] comes into 8 (fice & says1-- ,my wife & ,i 7 talk+ ov] ! h\se la/ night1 & conclud$ t we w\ld l to h a bay w9d[ f ! d9+-room1--a place :]e we c sit 9 summ]1 & put fl[]s 9 ! w9t]4 ,all "r4 ,& %e told me to ask :]e y 7 go+ to put a wa%-/& d[n/airs4 ,y "k we w want "s k9d ( a wa%-room4 ,i hadn't ?\ght any?+ ab\t t1 said ! ar*itect4 ,no?+ 0 said ab\t x4 ,i suppos$ t 9 a h\se ( ?is size ! ba?-room 0 ! only place :]e y w\ld put a /ation>y wa%-/&4 ,we h to h a place d[n/airs4 ,we c't g up/airs e "t we want to wa% our h&s4 ,ano!r two or ?ree days pass4 ,! own] visits ! ar*itect aga94 ,x is ! old /ory4 ,he & 8 wife h be5 /udy+ ! h\se "q 9 e>ne/4 ,!y are educat+ !mselves 9 h\se-build+4 ,! m !y ?9k ab\t x1 ! m !y want1 all ( :i* is p]fectly natural & "r4 ,x is 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s4 ,x is ! way ! _w moves4 ,we 7 talk+ ab\t ! h\se1 & h ab\t conclud$ t we w f9i% two front rooms up/airs 9 oak4 ,:at d y ?9k x w co/8 ,if y use oak = all ! wood-"w1 x w co/ betwe5 =ty & fifty doll>s4 ,t isn't mu*4 ,we'll h x4 ,& s ! h\se gr[s z ! own]s gr[1 a little e day4 ,! next day x is a little m plate glass at a co/ ( fifte5 doll>s4 ,aga91 x is bronze h>dw>e at an extra co/ ( tw5ty doll>s4 ,!n x is bevell$-glass doors 9 ! *9a-closet1 pla/]+ 9 ! attic1 a tile ve/ibule1 a por* (f f ! d9+-room1 & s on4 ,! ?ree ?\s& doll>s is exce$$1 ?\gh probably by some?+ less ?an ! am\nt repres5t$ by ! gr[? ( ! own]'s ideas4 ,! ar*itect _h made a c]ta9 all[ance = ?is developm5t1 ?\gh x 0 n possible = him entirely to =esee x4 ,( ^? :o build1 ! ones :o take ! greate/ int]e/ 9 ! h\se1 ^? :o ?9k ! mo/ ab\t x1 are usually ! ones :o exce$ _! orig9al calculations by ! l>ge/ am\nt4 ,9 build+1 x is important t ! ar*itect & ! own] ?or\ghly und]/& ea* o!r be=e contracts ) ! build]s are sign$4 ,! wants ( ! own] mu/ be ?or\ghly und]/ood1 & c>efully & accurately set =?4 ,f ! plans & specifications e/imates = all p>ts ( ! "w %\ld be receiv$1 & ! co/ ( ev]y?+ kn[n1 be=e obligations are creat$4 ,! process ( mak+ ! plans & specifications1 & tak+ ! bids1 is educational 9 its t5d5cy4 ,x br+s to ! own]'s att5tion ne>ly ev]y?+ t he may want4 ,frequ5tly he w f9d t ! fir/ e/imates :i* he gets are high] ?an ! am\nt he c>$ to exp5d4 ,?is is on acc\nt ( 8 gr[?4 ,he c frequ5tly r$uce ! co/ )\t positive injury to ! orig9al s*eme4 ,we w consid] h[ contracts are usually made4 ,sometimes x is by mak+ plans & specifications = ! entire h\se1 & !n ask+ = bids on ! build+ z a :ole4 ,a g5]al contractor makes 8 figures on ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! "w1 !n adds !m toge!r & makes a lump bid4 ,if he is aw>d$ ! contract "u su* a sy/em1 he does "p ( ! "w himself & sublets ! re/4 ,possibly he may be a c>p5t]2 !n he sublets ! brick "w1 pla/]+1 t9n+1 pa9t+1 etc41 &1 if possible1 he makes a pr(it on all ( ^! sub-contracts4 ,x does n always happ5 t he makes figures on ^! v>i\s divisions ( ! contract himself :5 =m+ 8 orig9al bid4 ,he gets sub-bids f v>i\s me*anics & adds ^! to 8 own 9 mak+ up a lump bid4 ,x is kn[n t !re is a v wide range ( diff]5ce betwe5 bids :i* come 9 ?is way4 ,9 a h\se to co/ ?ree ?\s& doll>s ! bids n infrequ5tly v>y tw5ty-five to ?irty p] c5t4 ,! highe/ bid may be ov] f\r ?\s& doll>s4 ,ano!r way ( contract+ is = ! ar*itect or own]1 z ! case may be1 to take bids on ! v>i\s details ( excavat+1 /one "w1 brick "w1 c>p5t] "w1 pa9t+1 pla/]+1 galvaniz$ iron & t91 glass1 plumb+1 gas-fitt+1 etc42 9 fact1 to detail ! "w z mu* z possible & receive detail$ bids4 ,if ! "w co/s too mu*1 if ! bids run too high1 "o c locate ! excess4 ,at times "o c get a *eap] h\se by pursu+ ?is plan4 ,ano!r plan ( build+ is by ! day4 ,usually ?is means to employ c>p5t]s & a =eman1 take bids on ! mat]ial t ! c>p5t]s use1 & to sublet ! mason "w1 excavat+1 pa9t+1 pla/]+1 t9-"w1 plumb+1 etc4 ,sometimes ! mason-"w is also done by ! day4 ,ea* plan has its m]its4 ,! fir/ m5tion$1 ( lett+ mo/ ( ! "w 9 "o contract1 is ! "o 9 mo/ g5]al use4 ,x is common practice 9 ?is connection to let excavat+1 mason "w1 c>p5t] "w1 pla/]+1 t9n+1 pa9t+1 & h>dw>e 9 "o g5]al contract2 !n ! mantels1 gas-fixtures1 furnace1 plumb+1 electric "w1 & ornam5tal glass "w are let 9 sep>ate contracts4 ,x is difficult = "o to specify gas-fixtures1 mantels1 & simil> fitt+s1 except+ by price4 ,!re is no satisfaction 9 ?is1 = ! reason t ! own] or 8 ar*itect may be able to make q z good or ev5 a bett] b>ga9 ?an ! contractor4 ,!n !re is no opportunity = ! build] to arrange = a relatively high price ) ^? :o furni% ?is class ( goods4 ,x is fair = ! build] to assume t he is entitl$ to a c]ta9 p]c5tage = select+ & negotiat+ = su* articles4 ,! own] may save ?is = himself by mak+ 8 own pur*ases4 ,plumb+ "w is frequ5tly sep>at$ f ! g5]al contract 9 ord] t ! own] may ex]cise 8 discretion z to ! workm5 employ$ to d ?is important "w4 ,9 su* circum/ances x is n altoge!r a matt] ( co/4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ! be/ ( workm5 be employ$4 ,! articles :i* _c be directly specifi$ %\ld be secur$ outside ! g5]al contract4 ,altoge!r1 ! plan ( lett+ mo/ ( ! "w 9 "o contract1 z outl9$1 is ! be/ & safe/ = ^? to pursue :o are n ?or\ghly famili> ) build+ op]ations4 ,! plan ( sublett+ ! sep>ate contracts to ! l[e/ bidd]s is n to be recomm5d$ to ^? )\t l>ge exp]i5ce4 ,! difficulty 9 locat+ responsibility = delays is great4 ,!re is apt to be cont5tion1 annoyance1 & sometimes loss1 by ?is confusion4 ,! plan ( build+ by ! day is m satisfactory = exp]i5c$ build]s ?an ! "o j m5tion$1 b x has ! disadvantage ( n fully repres5t+ to ! own] be=e x is f9i%$ ! co/ ( 8 /ructure4 ,9 ne>ly e city or t[n !re are a numb] ( good build]s1 n well suppli$ ) means1 :o w take a contract = build+ a h\se1 "w on x !mselves until x is f9i%$1 & !n take ano!r1 nev] hav+ m ?an "o or two h\ses on h&4 ,"o c frequ5tly get good "w f su* build]s at a mu* less co/ ?an f l>ge contractors4 ,! l>g] contractors employ a =eman at ab\t ! same price a day t ! small contractors expect to get p] day out ( _! entire contract4 ,!n1 9 addition to t1 !y receive _! pr(its ( t51 fifte51 or o!r p] c5t = _! "t & att5tion4 ,any "o build+ ) ! help ( ! small] contractors mu/ be v c>eful1 or he w get into tr\ble on acc\nt ( ! small m>g9 ( pr(it4 ,to recur to ! me?od fir/ m5tion$4 ,x is well t sugge/ions be made z to ! c\rse to be pursu$ 9 receiv+ bids on "w1 z classifi$ 9 t sugge/ion4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re %\ld be accurate plans & specifications made by an ar*itect capable ( do+ t k9d ( "w4 ,ev]y?+ %\ld be fully repres5t$ to ! own] 9 bo? a positive & negative way2 t is1 n only z to :at is to g into 8 h\se1 b z to :at is n to g into x4 ,z soon z ! ar*itect or ^? 9 *>ge ( ! "w beg9 to take bids1 ! own] %\ld be provid$ ) a complete copy ( ! plans & specifications1 9 ord] t he may be fully conv]sant ) :at is to be done4 ,x 0 said t ev]y?+ %\ld be repres5t$ to ! own] 9 bo? a positive & negative way4 ,n only %\ld x be /at$ to him t ! fir/ floor ( ! h\se is to be pla/]$1 b1 if su* is ! case1 t ! cell> is n to be pla/]$4 ,if ! cell> floor is n to be cem5t$1 x %\ld be /at$ def9itely to him 9 t way be=e beg9n+ to take bids4 ,if fly-scre5s are n includ$ 9 ! build+ contract1 x %\ld be s /at$4 ,ev]y?+ %\ld be fully repres5t$1 & a record !re( plac$ be=e ! own]1 s t !re c be n ! slighte/ opportunity = misund]/&+ or disagreem5t4 ,?us1 if ev]y?+ is pres5t$ to ! own]1 he w "k :at he is to h & :at he is n to h1 & 8 bus9ess w be done = him 9 a way satisfactory to all4 ,:5 ?is is done1 x is "t to beg9 tak+ bids4 ,9 do+ ?is !re %\ld be no favoritism4 ,! build] %\ld be all[$ to take a copy ( ! plans & specifications ) him to 8 (fice or place ( bus9ess1 & keep !m a day or m1 9 ord] to take (f 8 quantities & become ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ev]y?+ connect$ ) !m4 ,!n he c return ! plans1 &1 :ile o!rs are do+ ! same ?+1 he c compile 8 figures4 ,g5]ally x takes ab\t a day = ea* contractor to get ?r\gh ) a set ( plans2 t is1 if five bids are receiv$1 x g5]ally takes five or six days1 assum+ t only "o set ( plans is 9 use4 ,no "o %\ld be ask$ to figure on a build+ unless ! own] is will+ to aw>d him ! contract1 provid+ 8 bid is ! l[e/4 ,any?+ else is unfair4 ,:5 all ! bids h be5 receiv$ 9 seal$ envelopes1 ! ar*itect & own] may op5 !m4 ,aft] select+ ! l[e/1 !y may add to t figure ! co/ ( ev]y?+ n includ$ 9 t proposition1--! furnace1 mantels1 gas fixtures1 ornam5tal glass1 & any?+ else t has n be5 includ$ 9 ! bid4 ,?is may be readily done1 if ! ar*itect provide a s*$ule1 simil> to s*$ule ,b1 ( ev]y?+ :i* may g into ! h\se4 ,9 ! matt] ( clos+ ! contract1 only g5]al /atem5ts c be made4 ,:]e an ar*itect is employ$1 he w give prop] directions2 b1 z _m h\ses are built )\t su* assi/ance1 x is prop] to make g5]al /atem5ts :i* w assi/ 9 ?is "w4 ,!re are =ms ( build+-contracts1 or articles ( agreem5t1 :i* may be secur$ f v>i\s regul> s\rces4 ,x is prop] to fix ! "t ( ! completion ( ! "w1 :i* w v>y 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry accord+ to g5]al cu/oms4 ,a h\se to co/ f fifte5 hundr$ to f\r ?\s& doll>s may be v easily f9i%$1 "u favorable circum/ances1 9 n9ety to a hundr$ days4 ,su* h\ses c be built 9 less "t1 b x is be/ to give ! build] at lea/ ?ree mon?s4 ,he w d bett] "w 9 t "t ?an 9 less4 ,= ! high] figure nam$1 or = ^? :i* approa* x1 x may be bett] to all[ ev5 a little m r ?an less "t4 ,z a price = liquidat$ damages 9 ev5t ( delay 9 completion1 ! r5tal value ( ! prop]ty is ! usual sum specifi$4 ,!re are v>i\s plans pursu$ 9 ! matt] ( paym5ts4 ,:]e !re is an ar*itect or sup]9t5d5t1 he usually issues ord]s on ! own] = paym5t ( mat]ial & labor furni%$ by a contractor less t5 or fifte5 p] c5t4 ,sometimes x is /at$ t two-fif?s ( ! money w be paid :5 ! build+ is enclos$ & "u ro(2 "o-fif? additional :5 build+ is pla/]$1 pa9t$ on ext]ior1 all ext]ior appurt5ances f9i%$1 ! floors laid1 & ! h\se ready = o!r int]ior wood-"w2 & ! rema9+ two-fif?s :5 all "w is f9i%$4 ,at times ?is apportionm5t is correct1 & at o!r times n4 ,h[ev]1 x is a v good g5]al rule4 ,x is a good plan to add ! t5 p] c5t disc\nt to x :5 possible4 ,sometimes an indemnify+ bond is requir$ ( ! contractor 9 ord] to secure ! own] ! prop] execution ( ! contract4 ,o!rwise ! t5 or fifte5 p] c5t disc\nt is reli$ ^u to secure t end4 ,! li5 laws 9 ! v>i\s ,/ates make x v important t ! own]1 or 8 ag5t 9 ! matt] ( build+1 %\ld be v c>eful to see t ! contractor pays all 8 bills1 or secures releases f ^? :o h furni%$ mat]ial & labor on acc\nt ( ! build+ contract1 be=e money is paid by own]4 ,! law is diff]5t 9 v>i\s ,/ates1 & r5d]s ! own] liable1 "u v>y+ conditions1 = mat]ial & labor furni%$ to contractor by o!rs z employees or sub-contractor1 ev5 ?\gh paym5t has be5 made by own] to g5]al contractor4 ,:]e a bond is n requir$1 x is prop] = ! own] or 8 ag5t to exact releases 9 prop] =m f ^? :o h furni%$ mat]ial & labor to contractor4 ,! foll[+ =m is 9 use by ! writ]3-- ,"w locat$ ,! und]sign$1 9 consid]ation ( ! p]sonal cr$it ext5d$ by to 1 ,contractor1 h]eby cons5t t may pay to said contractor any sum t may be n[ ow+ to1 or may h]eaft] become due1 said contractor1 on acc\nt ( contract = ! con/ruction ( ! above works1 & we h]eby waive all rights to ,me*anics' ,li5s or o!r claims :i* we h1 or may h1 aga9/ said prop]ty1 or own]1 on acc\nt ( labor or mat]ial furni%$ by u4 ,,indianapolis1 #ahhi4 ,x is ! cu/om to furni% ! build] ) a numb] ( copies ( ! above release be=e x is "t = him to secure an ord] on ! own] = money4 ,z ! ar*itect is 9 a position to "k f :om mat]ial or labor is secur$1 x is possible = him to "k if ! li/ ( releases is complete4 ,if n complete1 ! p>ty refus+ to give a release is requir$ to make /atem5t z to ! am\nt ( ! indebt$ness = mat]ial & labor furni%$ on ! contract4 ,! g5]al contractor is *>g$ ) ! am\nt repres5t$ z be+ due until ! matt] is fully adju/$4 ,z an additional safegu>d1 ! contractor is at times requir$ to fill out & make affidavit to ! foll[+3-- ,,indianapolis1 ---- #ahhi4 ,! und]sign$1 = ! purpose ( secur+ paym5t on acc\nt ( contract ) ----1 = ! con/ruction ( a ---- h\se1 kn[n z ,no4 ---- on ---- ,/reet1 situat$ on ,lot ----1 ,out-lot ----1 ---- ,division to ,city ( ,indianapolis1 ,m>ion ,c\nty1 ,/ate ( ,indiana1 repres5ts h]eby t he has paid = all labor & mat]ial ( e k9d & nature _h & procur$ !re=1 except+1 h[ev]1 t he is n[ ow+ ! foll[+ sums to ! respective p>ties h]e9aft] nam$ = labor & mat]ials = said build+1 & owes !re= no o!r am\nts1 to wit3-- ,9 ?is connection x is n possible to consid] all ( ! ramifications ( ! li5 law4 ,x is important to und]/&1 h[ev]1 t x is entirely possible = an own] to h to pay = "p ( or all ( 8 h\se twice1 if he is n c>eful 9 matt]s ( ?is k9d4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,secure ,a ,,home4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxviii4 ,,mon?ly ,,paym5ts4--,,calculations ,,on ,a ,,long-,,"t ,,plan4--,,pur*ase ,,on ,a ,,r5tal ,,basis4--,,h[ ,,x ,,may ,,be ,,work$ ,,out4 ,x is a pleasant ?\ght t e "o c own a home ( 8 own4 ,) only a mod]ate sal>y1 & little or no?+ ahead1 a ?\ght ( ?is k9d may appe> m pleasant ?an real4 ,x may be affirm$1 h[ev]1 t1 ) few exceptions1 any "o :o c pay r5t may own 8 home4 ,?is w require c]ta9 sacrifices & at fir/ great economy1 b 9 ! end ! result ju/ifies ! means4 ,!re is no reason :y any "o %\ld pay r5t4 ,build+ associations are in/rum5tal 9 secur+ m homes = p on a long-"t plan ?an any o!r s*eme4 ,9 ! l>ge t[ns1 h[ev]1 h\ses are sold on v>i\s k9ds ( in/alm5t plans4 ,by way ( illu/ration1 ! writ] calls to m9d a five-room h\se1 pleasantly situat$1 :i* 0 built ab\t ?ree ye>s ago4 ,?is h\se is be+ paid = 9 in/alm5ts ( #ae a mon?4 ,an arrangem5t ( ?is k9d is good = all conc]n$4 ,x is an easy way = "o to get a home4 ,x is a good use ( money1 f a bus9ess /&po9t1 = ! "o :o has ! money to inve/4 ,a little demon/ration w make ?is pla94 ,! lot on :i* ! h\se 0 situat$ 0 valu$ at #djj4 ,! h\se1 ) walks1 well1 ci/]n1 & outbuild+s1 co/ #ijj4 ,"h is a total inve/m5t ( #a1cjj4 ,! pur*as] paid #cjj 9 ca%4 ,!re rema9$ #a1jjj unpaid4 ,! int]e/ on #a1jjj = a ye> at six p] c5t is #fj2 b z ! volume ( int]e/ is r$uc$ z ! paym5ts are made1 ! actual int]e/ = ! full p]iod av]ages ab\t "o-half ( #fj1 or #cj1 p] ye>4 ,to make ?is po9t cle>1 ,i w /ate x 9 ano!r way4 ,! pr9cipal is be+ r$uc$ z ! mon?ly paym5ts are made4 ,z ! paym5ts advance1 ! am\nt ( int]e/ necess>ily decreases1 z !re is n s mu* pr9cipal on :i* to pay int]e/4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 "o pays six p] c5t int]e/ on j "o-half ( #a1jjj = ! full p]iod1 or1 :at am\nts to ! same ?+1 ! av]age int]e/ on ! full p]iod is ?ree p] c5t4 ,?us1 "o is pay+ an av]age int]e/ ( #cj p] ye>2 &1 z he pays #ae a mon?1 ?is w\ld be #ahj a ye> = pr9cipal & int]e/1 #aej ( :i* w\ld apply to ! pr9cipal4 ,?us x is t 9 six ye>s & eight mon?s ! "o pay+ #ae a mon? w own ! h\se & lot4 ,i "k ( o!r cases :]e less ea* mon? is paid & a long] "t is tak54 ,x w\ld take #aj4hca p] mon? to pay = a h\se ( ?is k9d 9 t5 ye>s1 ) a ca% paym5t ( #cjj4 ,x may be said t nobody b a philan?ropi/ w\ld sell prop]ty 9 ?is way4 ,9 ! case ( :i* ,i speak1 ! philan?ropi/ is ! manag] ( ! prop]ty ( a life-insurance company :i* owns q a l>ge am\nt ( unimprov$ real e/ate 9 a ,we/]n city1 & _h a surplus capital on :i* x desir$ to realize4 ,x is a good ?+ = ! company4 ,by ?is means x is enabl$ to dispose ( its real e/ate1 & to use its money pr(itably4 ,?is is n /rictly ar*itectural1 b x may result 9 %[+ "s "o h[ to get a home1 or o!rs h[ to make use ( idle capital 9 a safe & pr(itable way4 ,x is bett] = "o :o has money to inve/ to sell h\ses 9 ?is way ?an x is to r5t !m4 ,he gets pr(it on ! sale1 & int]e/ on 8 money1 :i* latt] is all he expects "u o!r circum/ances1 & disposes ( ! h\ses be=e !y ne$ repairs4 ,?is is ! view :i* ! capitali/ takes ( ! situation4 ,by look+ into x a little fur!r1 he may see t he w n be tr\bl$ by insurance1 a vacant h\se1 or repairs4 ,! ca% paym5t is suffici5t to protect ! exp5se ( =eclos+ ! mortgage & ! r5tal ( ! h\se dur+ ! "t ( ! r$emption4 ,9 "s in/ances ! prop]ty is leas$ on ! paym5t ( a small ca% bonus1 ) ! /ipulation t :5 "o-?ird1 "o-f\r?1 or o!r agre$ portion ( sell+ price is paid 91 t a de$ w be giv52 fur!r paym5t be+ secur$ by mortgage4 ,build+ associations are n common 9 all sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,^? :o are ambiti\s to build1 & are n provid$ ) facilities :i* a build+ association (f]s1 may ask :at to d4 ,! answ] is %ort3 =m an association4 ,?is c be done 9 a small community4 ,two hundr$ %>es paid 91 say1 by fifty p1 w\ld repres5t a hundr$ doll>s a week4 ,any "o :o wi%es to d ?is c provide himself ) text-books & o!r in=mation on ! subject1 :i* are n[ publi%$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,any booksell] ) a good catalogue c give ! necess>y in=mation4 ,x is sometimes assum$ by ^? unfamili> ) build+-association me?ods1 t !y only provide means = build+ small1 l[-co/ h\ses4 ,?is is an error4 ,x is n at all unusual t complete h\ses1 co/+ f ?ree to five ?\s& doll>s1 are built by m5 ( l>ge means1 :o secure _! money f a build+ association4 ,"o has1 say1 =ty or fifty ?\s& doll>s pr(itably occupi$ 9 a regul> bus9ess2 he may n c>e to di/urb ?is money except to buy a lot ) :i* to e/abli% a basis ( cr$it ) ! build+ association4 ,! price ( ! lot may v>y f "o-f\r? to "o-half ! total inve/m5t4 ,"o wi%es to borr[ ?ree ?\s& doll>s f an association on ! plan :i* is subsequ5tly fully describ$4 ,he w\ld h to take out fifte5 %>es on a paym5t ( fifty c5ts a %>e a week4 ,?is w\ld repres5t sev5 doll>s & a half weekly1 or ab\t ?irty doll>s a mon?4 ,on ! plan :]e ! int]e/ & premium are *>g$ 9 addition to ! regul> weekly dues1 a little ov] fifty doll>s a mon? w\ld be requir$ to keep up ! build+-association *>ges4 ,?is w\ld be less ?an h\se r5t4 ,^! calculations are made assum+ t ! premium is n m ?an t5 c5ts & ! int]e/ six p] c5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxix4 ,,build+ ,,associations4--,,:y ,,divid5ds ,,are ,,l>ge ,,& ,,int]e/ ,,l[4--,,build+ ,,associations ,,& ,,sav+s ,,banks4--,,association ,,securities4--,,build+-,,association ,,me?ods4--,,diff]5t ,,plans4--,,borr[+ ,,f ,a ,,build+ ,,association4--,a ,,build+-,,association ,,report4 ,build+-association me?ods become m popul> z !y are bett] und]/ood4 ,sav+s banks are unnecess>y 9 communities :]e build+ associations are common4 ,! sav+s bank w give place to ! build+ association1 = ! reason t ! latt] af=ds great] security & m pr(it to ! depositors at ! same "t t x af=ds great] conv5i5ces to ! borr[]s4 ,x is (t5 ask$ by ^? n fully acqua9t$ ) build+-association me?ods1 ,h[ is x t ! association pays su* l>ge divid5ds1 & ! borr[] su* a small rate ( int]e/8 ,! pr(it is made by ! loan+ ( money2 &1 consequ5tly1 ! borr[] mu/ pay a high price = 8 money1 or ! association does n make l>ge divid5ds4 ,?is appe>s to be a logical argum5t4 ,h[ev]1 x is n true t ! borr[] pays a high price = 8 money4 ,! divid5ds decl>$ are made f ! borr[]s1 by ! rapid comp\nd+ ( int]e/ & o!r s\rces ( pr(it4 ,money paid 9 z int]e/ is imm$iately re-inve/$ z a loan1 & ?us pays int]e/ ! next week4 ,! int]e/ on ?is is at once put to use1 & s on4 ,x is comp\nd$4 ,! premium paid = money is ano!r s\rce ( pr(it4 ,?is comes f ! borr[]1 & repres5ts a "p ( ! co/ ( ! money to him2 b1 unless ! premium is excessive1 ! e>n+s on 8 /ock c\nt]balance ! am\nt paid z premium1 s t 9 ! end a borr[] does n pay 9 excess ( ! regul> rate = 8 money at ! same "t t ! /ockhold] is m l>gely b5efit$4 ,a build+ association has only a ti! ( ! exp5ses ( a bank4 ,! co/ ( do+ bus9ess is v small4 ,an association has a v great advantage ov] a bank 9 its e>n+ capacity 9 t x does n h to c>ry a surplus4 ,all ( its money is inve/$ at all times4 ,frequ5tly x is receiv+ int]e/ ^u money t is n a "p ( its assets4 ,?is happ5s :5 an application = a loan has be5 accept$1 a build+ is "u way1 & ! money n all paid out4 ,! p]c5tage ( loss 9 a build+ association is necess>ily small] ?an 9 ! be/-conduct$ bank4 ,its securities are all fir/ mortgages on productive real e/ate1 & loans are made to memb]s only1 & "u ! condition t ! imm$iate repaym5t ( ! loan be comm5c$4 ,! security beg9s to improve at once1 by ! repaym5t ( a "p ( ! pr9cipal ea* week4 ,x is usual = ea* memb] ( a family to become int]e/$ 9 ! imm$iate repaym5t ( a loan4 ,! paym5t ( build+-association dues is con/antly 9 m9d2 z !y become due f week to week1 !y _c be ov]look$4 ,! fact t ! debt is gr[+ less1 &1 z well1 ! inc5tive to avoid small f9es 9 case ( failure to make paym5t1 contribute to ! value ( ! security4 ,a loan on an ord9>y basis1 secur$ f a sav+s bank1 insurance or tru/ company = a long p]iod1 is n ?\ght ( 9 ?is way4 ,! usual ?\ght 9 su* a case is to pay ! debt 9 a l>ge sum at a "t 9 ! future4 ,! "t ( ! repaym5t ( an association loan is always pres5t4 ,! security af=d$ to build+ associations is mu* bett] ?an to sav+s banks & loan companies1 ev5 :]e ! m>g9 above ! am\nt ( loan is less because ( ?is diff]5ce 9 plan ( repaym5t4 ,aga91 ! m>g9 ( security f ! fir/ is always suffici5t to protect a mortgage & ! paym5t ( all =eclosure co/s & *>ges4 ,fur!rmore1 ! r5tals 9 case ( =eclosure are1 or %\ld be1 suffici5t to pay all dues & o!r fix$ *>ges4 ,?is w prev5t loss1 & 9 ! end pay = ! prop]ty4 ,ano!r elem5t ( safety 9 build+ associations is ! small risk ( loss f ! duplicity ( ! (fic]s4 ,?is risk is unusually light1 = ! reason t 9 a well-manag$ build+ association !re is little 9 sight to lose4 ,! money is usually all inve/$4 ,any small am\nt 9 ! h&s ( ! (fic]s is !re = only a %ort "t4 ,!re are dem&s 9 all well-manag$ build+ associations = all ! money 9 h&4 ,:ile ?is is true1 x is always requir$ t ! (fic]s :o h&le ! association money give bond = a mu* l>g] sum ?an x is possible = !m ev] to h 9 *>ge4 ,?is makes ! loss1 if any1 readily collectible4 ,x may be well to illu/rate build+-association me?ods1 & ?us call att5tion intellig5tly to ! po9ts ( sup]iority :i* "o plan may h ov] ano!r4 ,! idea :i* fir/ gave rise to associations is t ( enabl+ p]sons belong+ to a class ^: e>n+s are small1 to place !mselves 9 a position :]e ! process ( gradual accumulation is1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 compulsory4 ,! me?od ( op]ation is simple en\gh :5 x is und]/ood4 ,say t a numb] ( /ockhold]s agree to =m an association ) a ?\s& %>es1 ea* %>e to repres5t #bjj4 ,?is w\ld make a full capital /ock ( #bjj1jjj :5 all paid 94 ,! v>i\s individuals =m+ ! association subscribe = z _m %>es z !y feel compet5t to pay ^u1 x be+ agre$ t = ea* %>e ( /ock subscrib$1 fifty c5ts p] week %all be paid until ! sum-total ( ! paym5ts %all aggregate #bjj2 at ! end ( :i* "t a division %all be made accord+ to ! orig9al subscription & subsequ5t paym5t4 ,x is cle> t if all are prompt 9 _! paym5ts1 ! treasury w be ready = di/ribution at ! end ( f\r hundr$ weeks4 ,! p]iod ( f\r hundr$ weeks w1 h[ev]1 be %ort5$ if all ! money paid 9 is at once inve/$ at int]e/ ^u safe securities1 ) ! addition ( int]e/s comp\nd$ weekly1 z is ! case ) ^! associations4 ,= in/ance1 x may appe> t at ! end ( ?ree hundr$ & twelve weeks1 ) a paym5t ( fifty c5ts a week1 & ! accru$ e>n+s t are cr$it$ to ! %>es1 !y are wor? #bjj1 ! am\nt fix$ = ! value ( ! /ock :5 x is paid up4 ,at su* a "t ! deposit+ memb]s )draw _! funds1 & ^? :o are borr[]s pay (f _! obligations to ! association ) /ock1 & ! mortgages are releas$4 ,money 9 build+ associations is g5]ally sold to ! highe/ bidd]2 t is1 ^? :o want to borr[ bid a premium = ! money4 ,= in/ance1 a sale ( money is adv]tis$4 ,bids are !n receiv$ on ! money to be loan$1 & x is giv5 to ! highe/ bidd] aft] ! security has be5 approv$4 ,suppose "o wi%es to borr[ a ?\s& doll>s4 ,if ea* paid-up %>e is to repres5t two hundr$ doll>s1 five %>es mu/ be tak5 out to repres5t ! paym5t ( pr9cipal on a ?\s&-doll> loan4 ,x may appe> t ! premium bid 0 t5 c5ts on ea* %>e4 ,?is means t ! borr[] mu/ pay t5 c5ts premium ea* week1 on ea* %>e1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! loan1 or until ! pr9cipal is paid out4 ,?us he w\ld pay fifty c5ts a week z pr9cipal1 & t5 c5ts a week z premium1 & ! int]e/ on two hundr$ doll>s at six p] c5t1 :i* w\ld be tw5ty-f\r c5ts a week4 ,?us he w\ld pay eighty-f\r c5ts a week on ea* %>e2 or on five %>es1 f\r doll>s & tw5ty c5ts a week4 ,?is w\ld pay out 9 ab\t five ye>s1 dep5d+ ^u ! av]age rate ( premium1 ! co/ ( do+ bus9ess1 & o!r conditions :i* may be readily und]/ood4 ,:5 ! pr9cipal paid 91 toge!r ) ! accru$ e>n+s1 repres5ts two hundr$ doll>s1 ! obligation to ! build+ association is releas$4 ,!re are v>i\s plans ( />t+ & arrang+ build+ & sav+s associations1 :i* diff] "o f ano!r only 9 matt]s ( detail4 ,! price ( ! %>e may be two1 ?ree1 or f\r hundr$ doll>s1 or any o!r sum4 ,! am\nts paid 9 a week v>y f t5 c5ts to any l>g] sum4 ,9 ! pa/1 mo/ associations h be5 />t$ on ! s]ies plan1 :i* is def9$ z foll[s by ,h5ry ,s4 ,ros5?al ( ,c9c9nati 9 8 ,manual = ,build+ ,associations3-- ,9 an association1 organiz$ on ! t]m9at+ plan1 all ! /ock is issu$ z ( "o date4 ,a t]m9at+ association is organiz$ on ! presumption t all ! /ock w be subscrib$ = at ! op5 meet+s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is seldom done4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t %>es sold aft] ! fir/ meet+s mu/ be sold at su* prices z to make !m equal 9 value to ^? already issu$4 ,to d ?is a sum mu/ be *>g$ equal to ! am\nt already paid 9 9 in/alm5ts by ! subscrib]s to ! orig9al %>es4 ,if ! regul> dues on %>es %\ld be "o doll> p] week1 a p]son subscrib+ = a %>e aft] ! association has be5 runn+ t5 weeks mu/ pay t5 doll>s = ! %>e4 ,9 l mann]1 if ! association has be5 runn+ = a long] p]iod1 he mu/ pay an additional doll> = ea* additional week4 ,moreov]1 if he does n subscribe until aft] ! pr(its h be5 decl>$1 he mu/ pay su* an additional am\nt on 8 %>e z w correspond to ! e>n+s ( ! orig9al %>es up to t "t4 ,! same rule holds ?r\gh ! entire exi/5ce ( ! association1 ea* ye> mak+ x m difficult to ent]4 ,aft] an association1 organiz$ on ?is plan1 has run = a "t1 x is impossible = _m p]sons1 :o w\ld gladly become memb]s1 to raise a suffici5t sum ( money to pay up ! back in/alm5ts1 ! initiation fees1 ! accru$ pr(its1 & o!r incid5tal exp5ses4 ,9 its practical work+s1 !re=e1 an association organiz$ on ?is plan is n well adapt$ to meet ! conditions ( t p>ticul> class ( p]sons :o mo/ ne$ su* an organization1 & are mo/ likely to be b5efit$ by x4 ,9 a t]m9at+ association all ! %>es are1 ( c\rse1 at all times ( equal value4 ,:5ev] ! total am\nts ( ! dues paid 9 & ( accumulat$ pr(its equal ! p> value ( all ! %>es1 ! association t]m9ates & its affairs mu/ be w\nd up4 ,ea* /ockhold] :o has n borr[$ 8 money 9 advance receives ! full value ( 8 %>es4 ,to ^? :o h secur$ _! money 9 advance1 _! mortgages1 cancell$ & receipt$ 9 full1 are return$4 ,,p]man5t ,,association4 ,build+ associations 7 e/abli%$ orig9ally on ! t]m9at+ plan4 ,x is obvi\s t work+ on ?is plan !y _c1 9 "s respects1 rea* _! greate/ degree ( popul>ity & usefulness4 ,on ?is acc\nt !re has be5 a gradual dep>ture f ?is plan4 ,! fir/ dep>ture f ! t]m9at+ plan consi/$ 9 an arrangem5t = issu+ ! /ock 9 s]ies in/ead ( all f ! same date4 ,associations 7 *>t]$ = a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s1 z be=e1 & ) a specifi$ am\nt ( capital /ock4 ,b in/ead ( sell+ all ! /ock z ( ! same date1 x 0 divid$ into s]ies2 "o s]ies be+ sold z ( ! date ( ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ ye>1 ! second s]ies z ( ! date ( ! beg9n+ ( ! second ye>1 & s on until all ! %>es 7 sold4 ,! issu+ ( a new s]ies does n necess>ily occur annually1 b at su* p]iods z are made necess>y or desirable by ! bus9ess ( ! association4 ,! s]ial issue may be mon?ly1 qu>t]ly1 semi-annually1 or o!rwise1 z ! directors may det]m9e4 ,by ! "t ! la/ s]ies is issu$ & ! /ock is exhau/$1 ! fir/ "o or two or m s]ies ( %>es1 if ! bus9ess ( ! association has be5 prosp]\s1 h usually rea*$ _! full value1 & are paid back & cancell$4 ,associations conduct$ on ?is plan usually h ! "r to issue new /ock to take ! place ( t :i* is cancell$ f "t to "t1 & ?us _! p]petuity is insur$4 ,a successful association work+ on ?is plan c usually secure ! issue ( a new *>t]1 & c ?us cont9ue its exi/5ce4 ,b !re are manife/ disadvantages & risks "u :i* an association op]at+ on ?is plan mu/ labor4 ,ano!r plan ( op]ation has be5 inaugurat$ :i* has prov$ v popul>1 & :i* is be+ g5]ally adopt$ by ! associations 9 ! diff]5t ,/ates4 ,associations are grant$ p]petual *>t]s1 ! am\nt ( ! capital /ock be+ fix$ at a c]ta9 sum4 ,!y are all[$ to beg9 op]ations z soon z a c]ta9 am\nt ( /ock is subscrib$4 ,aft] ! association is 9 op]ation1 new subscrib]s are all[$ to ent] at any "t on an equality ) ! orig9al subscrib]s1 ! /ock ( ea* memb] dat+ f ! "t ( 8 entry4 ,?us ! bus9ess ( ! association runs along f ye> to ye>1 until f9ally all ( ! /ock is subscrib$4 ,aft] a "t ! %>es fir/ issu$ beg9 to rea* _! full value4 ,z !y ?us mature1 ! own]s draw out _! money1--if !y h n borr[$ x 9 advance1--& _! %>es are cancell$1 & _! memb]%ip ceases4 ,if !y h borr[$ _! money 9 advance1 _! bonds & mortgages are return$ to !m receipt$ 9 full4 ,if a memb]1 ^: /ock has ?us matur$1 has n borr[$ 8 money 9 advance1 & does n wi% to draw x out1 a c]tificate ( paid-up /ock is issu$ to him1 & he leaves 8 money 9 ! association z a matt] ( inve/m5t4 ,an association op]at+ on ?is plan may1 aft] a "t1 :5 its orig9al /ock has all be5 subscrib$ ?r\gh application to ! incorporat+ au?orities1 secure ! "r to increase its /ock4 ,if1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ?is increas$ /ock becomes exhau/$1 ano!r increase may be secur$ 9 a l mann]1 & s on indef9itely4 ,h]e) is giv5 an extract f ! ye>ly report ( a successful sav+s & loan association on ! p]petual plan4 ,x w illu/rate m fully ! me?od & results ( ?is me?od ?an c\ld a less =mal description4 ,x may be expla9$ 9 ?is connection t 9 ?is society ! paym5ts are uni=m = deposit+ & borr[+ memb]s2 t is1 in/ead ( hav+ ! premium & int]e/ add$ to ! weekly dues1 ! am\nt ( premium & int]e/ is *>g$ aga9/ ! weekly paym5t ( fifty c5ts4 ,t5 c5ts is ! limit ( premium1 ! (fic]s & /ockhold]s believ+ t to be z mu* z any "o %\ld pay4 ,,object4 ,,! ,,plym\? ,,sav+s ,,& ,,loan ,,association1 ,,no4 #b1 is organiz$ ) two ma9 objects 9 view3-- ,,fir/4--,to furni% a conv5i5t1 safe1 & pr(itable me?od ( inve/+ ! sav+s ( work+ p4 ,memb]s c come 9 & g out at w4 ,subscriptions c comm5ce at any "t )\t hav+ to pay back dues or wait = new s]ies4 ,)draw+ memb]s obta9 _! money )\t loss 7f9es except$71 & are paid z promptly z ! f9ances ( ! ,association w admit1 )\t hav+ to wait n9ety days4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,association !re h be5 no delays4 ,,second4--,to furni% p]sons :o wi% to borr[ = any purpose ! means = do+ s at a reasonable rate ( int]e/4 ,9 o!r words1 x is an association compos$ ( borr[]s & l5d]s1 & e/abli%$ = _! mutual conv5i5ce4 ,x ga!rs toge!r ! sav+s ( ! p1 :i*1 scatt]$ & 9 small sums1 c\ld n be inve/$ to advantage1 & loans ! money ?us obta9$ on fir/ mortgage security1 & 9 sums to suit1 to ^? :o wi% to build1 to pay (f mortgages1 or = o!r purposes4 ,all memb]s ( ! ,association are1 !re=e1 divid$ into two classes3-- ,fir/4--,^? :o desire to use ! society z a means ( sav+ or inve/+ money4 ,^! are call$ deposit+ memb]s4 ,second4--,^? :o wi% to make use ( ! organization z a means ( borr[+ money4 ,^! are call$ borr[+ memb]s4 ,,managem5t4 ,,! ,,plym\? ,,sav+s ,,& ,,loan ,,association is a /rictly co-op]ative or mutual organization4 ,all ! %>ehold]s are pro rata own]s ( all ! assets ( ! society4 ,e memb] is a p>tn] 9 ! ent]prise 9 proportion to ! am\nt paid 9 by him4 ,he is entitl$ to 8 %>e ( all ! e>n+s ( ! ,association1 & he mu/ also /& 8 %>e ( ! losses1 if !re be any4 ,! ,by-laws conta9 ! rules & regulations "u :i* money is receiv$ & loan$1 or o!rwise dispos$ (1 & ! bus9ess ( ! society is c>ri$ on by a ,bo>d ( ,directors1 elect$ annually by ! memb]s4 ,,%>es ,,& ,,%>ehold]s4 ,! am\nt ( int]e/ :i* ea* memb] has 9 ! ,association is indicat$ by ! numb] ( 8 %>es4 ,%>es are #bjj ea*1 & no memb] c hold m ?an tw5ty-five %>es4 ,! weekly paym5t requir$ is fifty c5ts on ea* %>e ( /ock4 ,:5 a memb] jo9s ! ,association he indicates ! am\nt ( weekly paym5t he desires to make by ! numb] ( %>es = :i* he subscribes4 ,he may1 h[ev]1 if he wi%es1 pay m ?an 8 %>es call =1 & su* ov]-paym5ts w receive divid5ds ! same z ! regul> weekly in/alm5ts4 ,ea* memb] is suppos$ to keep up 8 paym5ts until :at he has paid 91 toge!r ) ! divid5ds decl>$ !reon1 %all am\nt to ! face value ( 8 %>es1 at :i* "t he mu/ cease paym5ts1 & ei!r take 8 money out1 or1 if ! society be will+1 all[ x to rema9 & draw divid5ds4 ,,divid5ds4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y & ,july ( ea* ye> ! net e>n+s ( ! ,association are divid$ pro rata among all ! memb]s1 & ! am\nt due ea* memb] is cr$it$ on 8 pass-book4 ,p]sons jo9+ ! association betwe5 ,janu>y & ,july mu/ cont9ue paym5ts until ! foll[+ ,janu>y be=e ! divid5d w be cr$it$1 & ^? jo9+ betwe5 ,july & ,janu>y mu/ likewise pay until ! foll[+ ,july2 & if ! money be )drawn be=e t "t1 ! divid5d w be =feit$4 ,! "r to divid5d also ceases f ! date ( ! notice to )draw ! /ock4 ,:5 divid5ds are cr$it$ on ! pass-books !y are j l money paid1 & are !mselves entitl$ to draw divid5ds ! same z ca% paym5ts4 ,?us x w be se5 t all divid5ds comp\nd semi-annually4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ h[ long x takes to pay up a %>e to face value by pay+ ! regul> dues only1 suppos+ ! society to e>n six p] c5t divid5ds p] annum4#a ,x also %[s ! value ( ea* %>e at ! close ( ea* ye>3-- ,fir/ ye> ,dues #bf #jj ,divid5ds #gh #bf #gh ------ ------ ,value at close ( fir/ ye> #bf #gh ,second ye> ,dues #bf #jj ,divid5ds #b #da #bh #da ------ ------ ,value at close ( second ye> #ee #ai ,?ird ye> ,dues #bf #jj ,divid5ds #d #ec #cj #ec ------ ------ ,value at close ( ?ird ye> #he #gb ,f\r? ye> ,dues #bf #jj ,divid5ds #f #aj #cb #aj ------ ------- ,value at close ( f\r? ye> #aag #hb ,fif? ye> ,dues #bf #jj ,divid5ds #h #cd #cd #cd ------ ------- ,value at close ( fif? ye> #aeb #af ,six? ye> ,dues #bf #jj ,divid5ds #aj #da #cf #da ------ ------- ,value at close ( six? ye> #ahh #fj ,sev5? ye> 7#af weeks7 ,dues #h #jj ,divid5ds #c #dj #aa #dj ----- ------- #bjj #jj ,"t1 #f ye>s & #af weeks4 ,total dues paid #afd #jj ,total divid5ds #cf #jj ------- #bjj #jj ,footnote #a3 ,! pres5t rate ( divid5d is n9e p] c5t1 ) an add$ surplus4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,loan+ ,,money4 ,! society loans money only to memb]s4 ,= ea* #bjj %>e held by a memb] he may borr[ #bjj1 secur$ by fir/ mortgage on real e/ate1 int]e/ on :i* is tw5ty-f\r c5ts p] week4 ,! "r to prec$5ce 9 borr[+ is sold at auction at /at$ times at ! (fice ( ! ,association 7notice ( :i* is giv5 be=eh&7 to ! memb] :o bids or agrees to pay ! highe/ weekly premium 9 addition to ! tw5ty-f\r c5ts p] week int]e/4 ,t5 c5ts p] week is ! av]age rate at :i* money 0 sold dur+ ! ye> #ahhg1 & is n[ sell+4 ,memb]s n desir+ or n able to att5d ! sale ( money 9 p]son may h "s "o else bid = !m1 or !y may leave a writt5 bid ) ! ,secret>y1 on blanks prep>$ = t purpose1 :o w make x = !m at ! sale4 ,! society also loans to deposit+ memb]s 9 sums equal to n9ety p] c5t ( ! dues paid 94 ,security is _h by ! memb] pl$g+ 8 /ock = ! paym5t ( ! loan & int]e/ due 7if any7 on notes prep>$ = t purpose4 ,int]e/ on su* loans has = ! pres5t be5 plac$ at ! rate ( eight p] c5t p] annum4 ,,paym5ts4 ,! deposit+ & borr[+ memb]s alike pay fifty c5ts p] week p] %>e4 ,!re are no additions = exp5ses1 int]e/1 premiums1 or f9es4 ,^! are *>g$ up at ! close ( ea* divid5d p]iod1 or at ! clos+ up ( an acc\nt4 ,ea* borr[] is requir$ to pay at lea/ fifty c5ts p] week on ea* #bjj ( loan made to him1 :i* is cr$it$ z foll[s3-- ,fir/ ! premium & int]e/ are tak5 out1 ! int]e/ be+ tw5ty-f\r c5ts4 ,:5 ! premium bid is t5 c5ts1 bo? toge!r w\ld am\nt to ?irty-f\r c5ts4 ,!n ! balance1 :i* 9 ?is case w\ld be sixte5 c5ts1 is cr$it$ z a paym5t on ! %>e on :i* ! loan is tak54 ,^! paym5ts are cont9u$ until ! am\nt cr$it$ on ! %>es1 toge!r ) ! divid5ds !reon1 w equal ! am\nt loan$4 ,= in/ance1 suppose ! loan to be #bjj1 & ! premium bid to be t5 c5ts p] week1-- ,! paym5t ea* week w\ld be #ej c5ts ,! premium ea* week w\ld be #aj c5ts ,! int]e/ ea* week w\ld be #bd c5ts --------- #cd c5ts -------- ,! cr$it on ! %>e ea* week w\ld be #af c5ts ,^! cr$its ( sixte5 c5ts p] week beg9 to draw divid5ds on ! succe$+ divid5d p]iod1 :i* are comp\nd$ semi-annually1 & ! weekly paym5ts mu/ be cont9u$ until ! weekly cr$its ( sixte5 c5ts & ! divid5ds !reon am\nt to #bjj4 ,memb]s are at lib]ty to pay e two weeks or mon?ly1 & z mu* beyond ! requir$ weekly paym5t z !y may desire to4 ,! ov]paym5ts are cr$it$ l any regul> paym5t & %>e 9 ! divid5ds4 ,?is enables borr[]s to pay _! loans (f z fa/ z _! circum/ances w admit4 ,?is me?od is v helpful1 z ! int]e/ & premium w be /opp$ on z _m full %>es z are paid (f1 & ! co/ ( a loan is mat]ially r$uc$ !reby4 ,! m9imum paym5t only is fix$4 ,! borr[] may at any "t pay ! :ole balance due on ! loan & h x cancell$ at once4 ,x is always good policy = a borr[] to pay m ?an ! weekly dues if he c1 9 ord] t 9 case ( sickness1 loss ( "w1 or o!r un=ese5 h9drance1 he may be paid ahead1 & h5ce susp5d paym5t = a "t )\t be+ f9$ or 9 dang] ( los+ 8 prop]ty4 ,by ! foll[+ table x is %[n t ) ! premium at tw5ty-f\r c5ts on ea* #bjj1 & t ! society is able to e>n six p] c5t p] annum divid5ds 7bo? ( :i* are be+ done n[#b71 & ! requir$ weekly dues only be+ paid1 a loan w be paid up 9 fifte5 ye>s & six mon?s4 ,?is "t1 z already m5tion$1 c be %ort5$ at ! w & ability ( ! borr[]1 & may be paid (f at any "t )\t any p5alty :atev]4 ,?is is a great advantage1 & ! society c d ?is only because ( ! great dem& = loans1 & ! money does n h to lie idle if a loan is paid (f1 b is imm$iately loan$ aga94 ,"h is a loan :i* y may take fifte5 ye>s to pay if y wi%1 or y may pay x (f at any "t4 ,,table4 ,,%[+ ,,c\rse ,,( ,,loan ,,( #a1jjj4 ,premium #ej c5ts p] week4 ,int]e/ #a4bj p] week4 ,six p] c5t divid5ds comp\nd$ semi-annually4 ,,fir/ ,,ye>3 ,loan #a1jjj #jj ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #fb ------ ,net co/ ( loan #hg #gh ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #db #bb ,footnote #b3 ,s9ce ?is report 0 made ! e>n+s h be5 n9e p] c5t1 ) an add$ surplus4 ,,second ,,ye>3 ,balance due at end ( fir/ ye> #ieg #gh ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,premium & int]e/ #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #c #ah ------ ,net co/ ( loan #he #bb ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #dd #gh ,,?ird ,,ye>3 ------- ,balance due at end ( second ye> #iac #jj ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #e #ia ------ ,net co/ ( loan #hb #di ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #dg #ea ,,f\r? ,,ye>3 ------- ,balance due at end ( ?ird ye> #hfe #di ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #h #gi ------ ,net co/ ( loan #gi #fa ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #ej #ci ,,fif? ,,ye>3 ------- ,balance due at end ( f\r? ye> #hae #aj ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #aa #hh ------ ,net co/ ( loan #gf #eb ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #ec #dh ,,six? ,,ye>3 ------- ,balance due at end ( fif? ye> #gfa #fb ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #ae #ab ------ ,net co/ ( loan #gc #bh ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #ef #gb ,,sev5? ,,ye>3 ,balance due at end ( six? ye> #gjd #ij ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #ah #fj ------ ,net co/ ( loan #fi #hj ----- ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #fj #bj ,,eigh? ,,ye>3 ------- ,balance due at end ( sev5? ye> #fdd #gj ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #bb #bf ------ ,net co/ ( loan #ff #ad ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #fc #hf ,,n9? ,,ye>3 ------ ,balance due at end ( eigh? ye> #ehj #hd ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #bf #ac ------ ,net co/ ( loan #fb #bg ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #fg #gc ,,t5? ,,ye>3 ------ ,balance due at end ( n9? ye> #eac #aa ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #cj #bg ------ ,net co/ ( loan #eh #ac ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #ga #hg ,,elev5? ,,ye>3 ------- ,balance due at end ( t5? ye> #dda #bd ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #cd #fe ------ ,net co/ ( loan #ec #ge ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #gf #be ,,twelf? ,,ye>3 ------ ,balance due at end ( elev5? ye> #cfd #ii ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #ci #cj ------ ,net co/ ( loan #di #aj ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #hj #ij ,,?irte5? ,,ye>3 ,balance due at end ( twelf? ye> #bhd #ji ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #dd #bb ------ ,net co/ ( loan #dd #ah ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #he #hb ,,f\rte5? ,,ye>3 ------ ,balance due at end ( ?irte5? ye> #aih #bg ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #di #da ------ ,net co/ ( loan #ch #ii ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #ia #ja ,,fifte5? ,,ye>3 ------ ,balance due at end ( f\rte5? ye> #ajg #bf ,paym5ts = ye> #acj #jj ,int]e/ & premium #hh #dj ,less divid5ds #ed #ii ------ ,net co/ ( loan #cc #da ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #if #ei ,,six ,,weeks3 ------- ,balance due at end ( fifte5? ye> #aj #fg ,paym5ts = six weeks #ae #jj ,int]e/ & premium #aj #bj ,less divid5ds #e #hg ------ ,net co/ ( loan #d #cc ------ ,pr9cipal r$uc$ #aj #fg ------ ,"t1 fifte5 ye>s & six weeks4 ,total am\nt ( paym5ts #a1ife #jj ,total int]e/ & premium #a1ccf #bj ,total divid5ds #cga #bj ,net co/ ( loan #ife #jj ,) ! reasonable prospect 9 view t ! ,association w be able to pay l>g] divid5ds at "s future "t1 x w be easy to und]/& t ! co/ & ! "t ( paym5t ( a loan w !reby be correspond+ly r$uc$4 ,,mortgages4 ,all loans mu/ be secur$ by fir/ mortgage on real e/ate 9 ,m>ion ,c\nty1 ,ind4 ,an apprais+ committee1 consi/+ ( ?ree memb]s ( ! ,association1 appraise ! value ( all real e/ate (f]$ z security = loans & report to ! bo>d4 ,no loan c be made until ! security has be5 approv$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,directors4 ,?is ,association is n[ pay+ f\r p] c5t semi-annual divid5ds1 & add+ l>gely to its surplus4 ,a new feature 9 build+-association "w has rec5tly be5 put into practice4 ,! association w buy = ca% a h\se & lot1 or buy a lot & build a h\se !reon1 & sell at a fair price to ! memb] ^: application is accept$4 ,:]e ! h\se & lot are b\ght at a ca% price1 x is usual to *>ge a t5 p] c5t bonus :5 sell+ x on "t to a memb]4 ,! pur*as] !n completes ! transaction by secur+ ! pur*ase money to ! association1 ! same z 9 case ( a loan on any o!r prop]ty1 except t in/ead ( a de$ f ! association he w receive a lease1 ) an agreem5t to sell & convey to him ! premises z soon z "o-?ird ( ! pur*ase money %all h be5 paid 9 regul> dues on 8 /ock4 ,8 /ock w be assign$ z collat]al security1 & ! paym5ts w be cr$it$ z r5t until ! de$ is made4 ,!n ! pur*as] w execute 8 mortgage = ! unpaid balance due on ! prop]ty on ! t]ms ( 8 orig9al bid = ! money4 ,x is usual to require a ca% paym5t equal to ! am\nt ( ! bonus2 t is1 t5 p] c5t ( ! pur*ase price4 ,?is is a valuable feature 9 build+-association me?ods4 ,x adds to ! pr(its ( ! association4 ,?is plan is adaptable to private ent]prise1 & is lib]al 9 its t]ms to ! pur*as]4 ,9 mo/ associations organiz$ on ! p]petual plan1 z previ\sly describ$1 ! dem& = funds is great] ?an c be suppli$ f deposit+ memb]s4 ,?is has giv5 rise to ! paid-up /ock feature ( build+ associations4 ,"u ?is plan "o may inve/ money 9 any sum accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! *>t] & secure f ! association a c]tificate ( paid-up /ock :i* p>ticipates 9 ! regul> divid5ds ( ! company4 ,9 ?is way1 funds 9 l>g] am\nts may be secur$ ?an come f ! ord9>y paym5ts by regul> weekly dues4 ,x is n unusual = individuals to pur*ase paid-up /ock to ! am\nt ( sev]al ?\s& doll>s4 ,?is is a great help to an association :i* is %ort ( funds1 z x s]ves to increase its memb]%ip by addition ( borr[]s4 ,!re is no bett] place to inve/ tru/ funds ?an 9 ! paid-up /ock ( well-manag$ build+ associations4 ,prim>ily1 = ! reason t ea* /ockhold] is pl$g$ 9 ! am\nt ( 8 /ock to pay pr9cipal & six p] c5t int]e/ on all )drawals2 h5ce1 ! funds may be )drawn at any "t1 & six p] c5t int]e/ !reon dem&$4 ,fur!rmore1 build+-association /ock is n taxable 9 mo/ ,/ates4 ,individual & money$ corporations are com+ to consid] ! matt] ( loans1 & means lead+ to _! repaym5t1 on ! build+-association plan4 ,?is w be br\ght ab\t l>gely by ! l[ price ( money ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry at ?is "t4 ,sav+s banks1 mortgage companies1 & life-insurance organizations are f9d+ x difficult to loan _! funds at a price t w pay _! fix$ obligations2 h5ce1 !y are seek+ means :i* w lead to a m pr(itable inve/m5t ( _! funds4 ,! build+-association plan ( loan+ money is "o solution ( ! problem4 ,! l[ price ( money is "o ( ! elem5ts :i* )9 ! next few ye>s w enable ne>ly e "o :o s desires to secure a home ?r\gh ! build+ association1 or "s plan :i* has its outgr[? !refrom4 ,,*apt] ,,xl4 ,,pur*ase ,,( ,a ,,lot4--,,! ,,be/ ,,! ,,*eape/4--,a ,,good ,,lot ,,z ,a ,,basis ,,( ,,security4--,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,value ,,is ,,! ,,r5tal4 ,!re are _m ?+s to consid] 9 connection ) ! build+ ( a h\se o!r ?an ^? :i* are con/ructive4 ,"o may lay aside t :i* has to d ) appe>ances1 conv5i5ce1 /ability1 & all t is ar*itectural1 & yet h food = ?\ght 9 connection ) ! mak+ ( a home4 ,= in/ance1 ! lot4 ,no "o c af=d to build on "o t is absolutely *eap1 or "o t is *eap because x is n well locat$ or favorably ?\ght ( by ! l>ge numb] ( p4 ,a lot t is absolutely *eap is n (t5 wor? ev5 :at is paid = x4 ,"o ( small means c lea/ ( all af=d to put 8 money 9 a que/ionable piece ( prop]ty4 ,a lot may be relatively *eap1 & be a good inve/m5t4 ,= in/ance1 !re is a /reet l9$ ) com=table h\ses4 ,on ?is /reet live p ( m or less weal? & unque/ion$ ambition4 ,?ree or f\r squ>es beyond ! la/ h\se ( ?is /reet ! lots may be relatively *eap4 ,! sum ask$ = !m is n great1 = ! reason t few c>e to g out s f>4 ,/ill1 by adopt+ a little ( ! pione] _s1 "o c make a pur*ase ( ^! lots & be reasonably c]ta9 ( be+ rew>d$ = 8 =esight4 ,x is mu* bett] to buy su* a lot1 & live = a ye> or two )\t imm$iate neighbors1 ?an to buy "o :i* is absolutely *eap because ! surr\nd+s are positively unfavorable4 ,a man ( small means lea/ ( all c af=d to buy a lot t _c readily be sold = all x co/4 ,we (t5 he> p say1 9 reg>d to lots t are surr\nd$ unfavorably1 ,:at is ! diff]5ce8 ,x suits u2 we c be z happy & com=table !re z any place4 ,if we l x1 :y %\ld any "o else compla98 ,no "o else w compla94 ,x may occur t ! own] ( ?is absolutely *eap prop]ty may wi% to sell4 ,he may become emb>rass$ 9 8 bus9ess1 or "o ( _m ?+s may happ5 to cripple him f9ancially4 ,if he c sell at all1 x is at a sacrifice4 ,if a mortgage is =eclos$1 !re is no reasonable *ance ( r$emption4 ,if ! lot is well locat$1 & he becomes f9ancially emb>rass$1 he c sell = full value & ?us relieve himself4 ,if !re is dang] ( =eclosure1 a sale c be readily effect$1 & ?us all dang] ( loss be av]t$4 ,! idea 9 buy+ a lot is to get "o :i* c be readily sold4 ,?is is an important matt]4 ,9 c>ry+ out ?is pr9ciple1 "o ( mod]ate means w (t5 buy a lot ( high] co/ ?an is app>5tly ju/ifiable4 ,h[ev]1 ?is may be ! be/ ?+ = him to d4 ,x may be good bus9ess4 ,if he wi%es to borr[ money ) :i* to build1 he has a bett] basis = cr$it4 ,if he puts 8 h\se on a good lot1 !re is opportunity ( sell+ x because ( its favorable location1 & ?us ! dang] ( emb>rassm5t is av]t$4 ,"o c af=d to borr[ money to build on a good lot1 = ! reason t !re is little dang] ( los+ ei!r ! lot or ! money4 ,! h\se & ! lot1 if x rates well 9 ! public m9d1 c be easily sold4 ,! lot %\ld n be select$ or ! h\se built1 if its sale is n entirely possible4 ,!re are t[ns z well z localities 9 :i* no "o ( mod]ate means c af=d to buy or build4 ,yet su* locations are (t5 select$ because !y are *eap1 & liv+ is *eap4 ,! fact ( ?is *eapness is aga9/ x4 ,! prop]ty is *eap because x is wor? little or no?+4 ,x is *eap because no "o c get out :at he puts into x4 ,?is may apply to a lot 9 a p>ticul> t[n1 a p>ticul> "p ( a t[n1 or to prop]ty 9 g5]al 9 a c\nty or a ,/ate4 ,?us x is t no "o ( mod]ate means c af=d to buy absolutely *eap prop]ty4 ,a "y man once w5t to an ar*itect to advise ) him 9 reg>d to ! selection ( a lot4 ,he said1-- ,!re are two lots on a c]ta9 /reet t ,i c get = #a1bjj ea*4 ,t is a little m ?an ,i want to pay1 z ev5 !n ,i w\ld h to borr[ m money ?an ,i wi% 9 ord] to build my h\se4 ,"o ( ! be/ lots ,i "k any?+ ab\t is on ano!r /reet1 b ,i c h>dly ?9k ( t1 = !y ask #a1ejj = x4 ,i "k ! lot1 said ! ar*itect1 & ! #a1ejj lot is ! "o to buy4 ,! #a1bjj lots are ( que/ionable value4 ,! surr\nd+ conditions are su* t _! value is n liable to increase4 ,! #a1ejj lot is 9 ! swim2 two squ>es bel[1 lots _c be b\ght = #b1djj2 9 fact1 !y are n 9 ! m>ket4 ,!y are own$ by p :o desire to hold !m4 ,9 two ye>s y w be reasonably c]ta9 to realize at lea/ twice ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! values ( ! #a1ejj & ! #a1bjj lots4 ,9 "o case1 ! value ( ! lot is n liable to increase2 x may decrease4 ,9 ! o!r in/ance1 !re is reasonable c]ta9ty ( a l>ge increase )9 a %ort "t4 ,x is on ! edge ( high values4 ,b ,i %all h to borr[ s mu* money ) :i* to build1 if ,i take ! high-pric$ lot4 ,:at ( x8 ,say y\r h\se is go+ to co/ y #c1jjj4 ,y say y h #b1hjj 9 ca%4 ,9 "o in/ance y w\ld h to borr[ #a1djj1 & 9 ! o!r #a1gjj4 ,y are runn+ mu* less risk 9 borr[+ #a1gjj ?an y are 9 borr[+ #a1djj4 ,if y _h to sell1 !re is a reasonable c]ta9ty t y c\ld always make a pr(it on y\r #d1ejj inve/m5t1 & a v que/ionable probability z to ! #d1bjj inve/m5t4 ,!re are ^? :o d "s v rem>kable ?+s = ! sake ( keep+ out ( debt1 :i*1 9 ! end1 develops into m loss ?an w\ld be possible 9 ! case ( debt4 ,= in/ance1 "o w buy a lot = #a1ejj1 & put a #a1ejj h\se on x4 ,9 "t ! value ( ! lot increases2 at ! same "t ! value ( ! h\se decreases4 ,! lot 9 itself w\ld be wor? m if ! h\se 7 (f x4 ,x is a *eap h\se on a good lot4 ,?us x is t su* prop]ty is (t5 sold & ! improvem5ts c\nt$ z no?+4 ,aga91 exactly ! o!r ?+ may happ54 ,an exp5sive h\se may be built on a *eap lot4 ,:5 f9i%$ ! h\se is wor? mu* less ?an x co/ because x is n well locat$4 ,"o _c expect to get full value = ! lot )\t mov+ ! h\se1 & altoge!r ! situation is disagreeable4 ,h[ mu* bett] x w\ld be1 f a bus9ess /&po9t1 n to build at all1 use ! money "s o!r way1 or borr[ en\gh money to h ! h\se & lot prop]ly locat$4 ,9 "o case !re is positive loss2 9 ! o!r1 a reasonable c]ta9ty ( pr(it4 ,ano!r ?+ = a man ( mod]ate means to be> 9 m9d 9 build+ a h\se is1 t ! inve/m5ts z to ! h\se & lot %\ld be su* t 9 case ( r5tal ! return d]iv$ w\ld pay a fair int]e/ on ! inve/m5t1 & leave a suffici5t m>g9 = taxes & repairs4 ,z long z ?is condition exi/s1 !re ne$ be no fe> ( loss ?r\gh =eclosure4 ,! sale ( ! prop]ty may become necess>y ?r\gh emb>rassm5t 9 bus9ess1 loss ( situation1 or illness2 b 9 su* a case ! prop]ty c ei!r be sold )\t loss1 or x c be r5t$ at a figure t w pay all fix$ *>ges1 :i* fact 9 itself e/abli%es a value above its co/ price4 ,if ^! pr9ciples are all c>ri$ out1 !re is little *ance ( loss4 ,,index4 ,a door1 #bbf4 ,air supply to heat+ app>atus1 #ge-gi4 ,am]ican ar*itecture1 #bf-bh4 ,am]ican ar*itectural developm5t1 #ajd-aje4 ,ar*itects' e/imates1 #bgh-bha4 ,ar*itect1 !1 & ! h\sewife1 #i-bg4 ,ar*itectural design1 #aja-aje4 ,areas1 #bjf4 ,a%-pits1 #bjf4 ,attic1 #fb4 ,attic b$rooms1 #fc1 #ach4 ,automatic heat regulators1 #ha4 ,back pla/]+1 #bcg4 ,base1 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,basem5t1 #ef4 ,ba?-tub1 #gc1 #gd1 #bcj1 #bee-beh4 ,ba?-tub wood-"w1 #bcj1 #bca4 ,b$rooms1 #fj-fc4 ,b$rooms 9 attic1 #fc4 ,b$room closets1 #fa4 ,b$room1 fir/ floor1 #afd4 ,b$rooms1 grates 91 #fb4 ,b$room = s]vants1 #fb4 ,bond 9 brick-"w1 #bja1 #bjb4 ,brick1 holl[ walls (1 #bjc4 ,brick ( wood1 #bjd4 ,brick jo9ts1 #aii4 ,brick pavem5t1 #bab4 ,brick pi]s1 #bjj4 ,brick1 selection ( color1 #bjb4 ,brick v5e]1 #bjc4 ,brick-wall f\ndations1 #bjj-bjd4 ,brick-"w1 #aii-bjf1 #bji-bab4 ,brick-"w bond1 #bja1 #bjb4 ,broom closets1 #fa4 ,broom-rack1 #bcb4 ,b s*$ule1 #bfh4 ,build+ associations & sav+s banks1 #bif1 #big4 ,build+ association1 a new feature 91 #caj4 ,build+ association1 object1 #cjb4 ,build+ associations1 p]man5t plan1 #cjj1 #cja4 ,build+-association pr(its1 #bie4 ,build+-association report1 #cjb-caj4 ,build+ associations1 safety (1 #bif1 #big4 ,build+ association1 t]m9at+ plan1 #bii1 #cjj4 ,build+-association me?ods1 #bic-caa4 ,build+ by ! day1 #bha4 ,build+ contract1 #bhd-bhg4 ,build+ mat]ial1 co/ (1 #bgc4 ,bus9ess po9ts 9 build+1 #bge-bhg4 ,capacity ( ci/]n1 #baj4 ,c>p5t] "w1 #bac-bce4 ,cas+s outside1 #bah4 ,ca!dral glass1 #bde4 ,c$> closet1 #bcb4 ,cell>1 #ea-ec1 #acc4 ,cell> brick-"w1 #bjc1 #bjd4 ,cell> closet1 #eb1 #ec4 ,cell> doors1 #bbf1 #bbg4 ,cell> laundry1 #ed-eh4 ,cell> plan1 #adb4 ,cell> s9k1 #bed4 ,cell>-s9k wood-"w1 #bcj4 ,cell>-way1 outside1 #bjf4 ,cem5t pavem5t1 #bab4 ,*amb] decoration1 #ii4 ,*imneys1 #bjd-bjf4 ,*imney-brea/s1 #bje1 #bjf4 ,*imney tops1 #bjd4 ,*9a-closet fitt+s1 #df4 ,*9a-room1 #dd-df1 #bcb4 ,ci/]n1 #baj1 #baa4 ,ci/]n filt]1 #baa4 ,ci/]n-wat] supply1 #ga4 ,clock %elf1 #bcb4 ,closets1 b$room1 #fa1 #ach4 ,closets1 broom1 #fa4 ,closet fitt+s1 #bca1 #bcb4 ,closet ( c$>1 #bcb4 ,coal-b9s 9 cell>1 #ea1 #eb4 ,color$ bricks1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ,color$ pla/]+1 #bcg4 ,color ( mort>1 #bjb4 ,comb9ation /airs1 #ei1 #fj1 #acg-ada4 ,comb9ation pantry1 #de1 #acb4 ,competition 9 build+1 #bha-bhc4 ,cons]vatory1 #ii4 ,contract+ me?ods1 #bgg-bhg4 ,copp]1 #bdj1 #bda4 ,co/ ( appurt5ances1 #bga1 #bgb4 ,co/ ( build+ mat]ial1 #bgc1 #bgd4 ,co/ ( "o-/ory h\ses1 #afc4 ,co/ s*$ules1 #bfd1 #bfg-bfi4 ,co/ ( a h\se1 #bfd-bgd4 ,cut /one "w1 #bjh1 #bji4 ,damp c\rse1 #bjj4 ,d door1 #bbg4 ,deck ro(1 #baf4 ,dep? ( f\ndation1 #bjj4 ,d9+-room1 #cg1 #ch1 #if-ii4 ,di%-w>m+1 arrangem5t =1 #hd4 ,di%-wa%+1 #aa1 #db4 ,doors & frames1 #bbe-bbg4 ,d\gh-bo>d1 #df1 #dg4 ,d\ble joi/s1 #bae4 ,d[n sp\ts1 #bdj4 ,dra9+1 #aih1 #aii4 ,dra9 bo>d1 #dc1 #bcj4 ,dra9 connections1 #bfa4 ,dra9 f refrig]ator1 #bda4 ,dra9 outside1 #ga4 ,dra9 v5tilation1 #ga4 ,dress$ %+les1 #bah4 ,drop sid+1 #bag4 ,dry-box1 #dh1 #bcb4 ,e door1 #bbg4 ,ea/lake1 ,*>les1 #ajd4 ,e/imates ( ar*itects1 #bgh-bha4 ,evaporation 9 traps1 #fg-fh4 ,evolution ( a h\se-plan1 #aji-aag4 ,excavat+1 #aih4 ,excavat+ = plumb]1 #bdg1 #bdh4 ,fifty conv5i5t h\ses1 plans (1 #ajg4 ,fig4 ,a1 frontispiece4 ,fig4 ,b1 #ajf4 ,fig4 #b1 #da4 ,fig4 #c1 #dc4 ,fig4 #d1 #de4 ,fig4 #e1 #df4 ,fig4 #f1 #fg4 ,fig4 #g1 #fh4 ,fig4 #h1 #aaf4 ,fig4 #i1 #aaf4 ,fig4 #aj1 photographic view 7page #aaf74 ,fig4 #aa1 #aag4 ,fig4 #ab1 #abd4 ,fig4 #ac1 #acc4 ,fig4 #ad1 #adg4 ,fig1 #ae1 #adi4 ,fig4 #af1 #aea4 ,fig4 #ag1 photographic view 7page #aeb74 ,fig4 #ah1 #aed4 ,fig4 #ai1 #aed4 ,fig4 #bj1 #afj4 ,fig4 #ba1 #afh4 ,fig4 #bb1 #afi4 ,fig4 #bc1 #aha4 ,fig4 #bd1 photographic view 7page #ahb74 ,fig4 #be1 #ahf4 ,fig4 #bf1 photographic view 7page #aij74 ,fig4 #bg1 #aia4 ,fig4 #bh1 #aia4 ,fig4 #bi1 #aic4 ,fig4 #cj1 #aii4 ,fig4 #ca1 #bje4 ,fig4 #cb1 #bjf4 ,fig4 #cc1 #bae4 ,fig4 #cd1 #bag4 ,fig4 #ce1 #bbf4 ,fig4 #cf1 #bbg4 ,fig4 #cg1 #bbg4 ,fig4 #ch1 #bfb4 ,filt]s = ci/]ns1 #baa4 ,f9i% ( floor1 #bdd4 ,f9i%+ 9 oil1 #bdc1 #bdd4 ,fireplaces 9 b$rooms1 #fb4 ,fixtures 9 plumb+ enum]at$1 #ff4 ,fla%+s1 #bci4 ,flat ro(s1 #bdj4 ,floors1 #bbb1 #bbc4 ,floor ( kit*51 #di4 ,floor f9i%1 #bdd4 ,fl\r-b91 #dg1 #bcc1 #bcd4 ,flues1 #bjc4 ,fly scre5s1 #bbh4 ,f\ndation dep?1 #bjj4 ,f\ndations1 /one1 #bjg1 #bjh4 ,=ce-pump1 #bdi4 ,fram+1 #bac-bai4 ,fram+ lumb]1 sizes (1 #bac1 #bad4 ,fresco t9t+1 #ib4 ,freez+ ( plumb+1 #gj1 #ga4 ,fuel 9 cell>1 #ea1 #eb4 ,furnace1 def9$1 #gf4 ,furnace & hot-wat] comb9ation1 #hc1 #hd4 ,furnace-room 9 cell>1 #eb4 ,galvaniz$ iron1 #bda4 ,gas-pip+1 #bcg1 #bch4 ,g]man sid+1 #bag4 ,glaz+1 #bdd1 #bde4 ,grates 9 b$rooms1 #fb4 ,grease s9k1 #gb1 #gc1 #bfc4 ,gutt]s1 #bci4 ,hall1 #cc-ce4 ,hall1 reception1 #ce1 #cf4 ,h>dw>e1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,h>d-wood floors1 #bbc4 ,heat+ app>atus1 h[ to get a good1 #hc1 #he4 ,heat+ & v5tilation1 #ge-he4 ,heat+ by hot wat]1 #hj1 #hc4 ,heat+ by /eam1 #hj4 ,heat+ by /oves1 #hj4 ,heat+1 ideal conditions1 #gf4 ,heat+ plants1 co/ (1 #ha1 #hb1 #hc4 ,heat regulators1 automatic1 #ha4 ,height ( /ories1 #bad4 ,hip cop+1 #bdj4 ,hip f9i%1 #bag4 ,holl[ walls ( brick1 #bjc4 ,hot-air flues 9 brick walls1 #bjc4 ,hot-air pipes ( t91 #bda4 ,hot-wat] boil]1 #ga4 ,hot wat] & furnace comb9ation1 #hc1 #hd4 ,hot-wat] heat+1 #hj4 ,hot-wat] plumb+1 #gj4 ,hot-wat] sy/em1 #beb4 ,h\se decoration1 #hf-ajj4 ,h\se dra91 #ga4 ,h\se v5tilation1 #ge1 #gi4 ,h\sekeep]1 !1 & ! ar*itect1 #aa-ae1 #bf-bh4 ,h\sekeep+ op]ations1 #af-bj4 ,h[ to secure a home1 #bhi-caf4 ,humidity ( air1 #gg1 #ha4 ,hydrant1 #bdi4 ,inside cas+s1 #bbh4 ,inside %utt]s1 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,inside f9i%1 table (1 #bbd4 ,inside wood-"w1 #bbb-bce4 ,jo9ts1 rodd$1 #aii4 ,joi/s1 #bad1 #bae4 ,j\rney1 a1 ?r\gh ! h\se1 #bi-aje4 ,kit*5s1 #ci-ej4 ,kit*5 fitt+s1 #db1 #dc4 ,kit*5 floor1 #di4 ,kit*5 plans1 #da1 #de4 ,kit*5 pantry1 #de-dh4 ,kit*5 pla/]+1 #ej4 ,kit*5 safe1 #dh4 ,kit*5 s9k1 #dc1 #bec1 #bed4 ,kit*5 tables1 #dc1 #bcj4 ,kit*5 ut5sils1 #dh4 ,kit*5 v5tilation1 #di4 ,kit*5 wa9scot+1 #di4 ,l&+s = /airs1 #fj4 ,lattice por*1 #bbj4 ,laundry1 #ed-eh4 ,laundry fitt+s1 #bfj1 #bfa4 ,laundry1 l[-co/1 #ee-eh4 ,laundry /ove1 #ef4 ,laundry tubs1 #eg4 ,libr>y1 #ie1 #if4 ,li5 laws1 #bhe1 #bhf4 ,light+ b$rooms1 #fa1 #fb4 ,l9tels 9 brick-"w1 #bjd4 ,locat+ ! h\se1 #aig4 ,lot1 pur*ase (1 #cab1 #caf4 ,l[-co/ laundry1 #ee-eh4 ,lumb] = fram+1 #bac4 ,mantel co/s1 #bga4 ,mason "w1 #aii-bji4 ,m$ic9e-*e/1 #bcb4 ,mod]n ar*itects & ! h\sekeep]1 #bf-bh4 ,mod]n conv5i5ces1 #ba-be4 ,moi/ure 9 heat$ air1 #gg-ha4 ,mon?ly paym5ts1 #bia-bic4 ,mort>1 color (1 #bjb4 ,mortgages1 #caj1 #caa4 ,motor1 #bea4 ,natural-gas pip+1 #bch4 ,nickel fitt+s1 #bfc4 ,oil f9i%1 #bdc1 #bdd4 ,old colonial h\ses1 #bf1 #bg4 ,"o-/ory h\ses1 #aeg-afc4 ,ornam5tal brick1 #bjc4 ,outside cell>-way1 #bjf4 ,outside f9i%1 #bag-bba4 ,outside %utt]s1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,outside /eps1 #bbj1 #bba4 ,pa9t+1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,pa9t1 ready mix$1 #bdb4 ,pa9t+ ( %+les1 #baf4 ,pantry boxes1 #bcd4 ,pantry1 comb9ation1 #de1 #acb4 ,pantry fitt+s1 #df4 ,pantry %elves1 #dg4 ,pantry specification1 #bcc4 ,pantry ut5sils1 #dh4 ,p>lor1 #ce-cg1 #ic-ie4 ,pavem5t ( brick1 #bab4 ,pavem5t ( cem5t1 #bab4 ,p]man5t plan1 build+ associations1 #cjj1 #cja4 ,picture m\ld+s1 #bca4 ,pi]s ( brick1 #bjj4 ,pipe bo>ds1 #bcj4 ,pipe duct1 #gj1 #bcj4 ,pla/]+1 #bcf4 ,pla/]+1 back1 #bcg4 ,pla/]+1 gray1 #bcf4 ,pla/]+ 9 kit*51 #ej4 ,plate-glass1 #bde4 ,plans ( fifty conv5i5t h\ses1 #ajg4 ,plan ,no4 #a1 co/ #a1gjj1 #aaj4 ,plan ,no4 #b1 co/ #a1eej1 #aaa4 ,plan ,no4 #c1 co/ #a1eej1 #aab4 ,plan ,no4 #d1 co/ #a1hjj1 #aac4 ,plan ,no4 #e1 co/ #a1ijj1 #aad4 ,plan ,no4 #f1 co/ #b1fjj1 #aae4 ,plan ,no4 #g1 co/ #b1ijj1 #aba4 ,plan ,no4 #h1 co/ #b1bjj1 #abi4 ,plan ,no4 #i1 co/ #b1ejj1 #acb4 ,plan ,no4 #aj1 co/ #b1fjj1 #acf4 ,plan ,no4 #aa1 co/ #b1jjj1 #ada1 #adb4 ,plan ,no4 #ab1 co/ #b1fjj1 #add4 ,plan ,no4 #ac1 co/ #a1fjj1 #adf4 ,plan ,no4 #ad1 co/ #a1ejj1 #adh4 ,plan ,no4 #ae1 co/ #b1eej1 #aej4 ,plan ,no4 #af1 co/ #b1hjj1 #aec4 ,plan ,no4 #ag1 co/ #b1bjj1 #aed4 ,plan ,no4 #ah1 co/ #a1fjj1 #aee4 ,plan ,no4 #ai1 co/ #a1djj1 #aeh4 ,plan ,no4 #bj1 co/ #a1bjj1 #aeh4 ,plan ,no4 #ba1 co/ #a1gjj1 #afa4 ,plan ,no4 #bb1 co/ #hjj1 #afa4 ,plan ,no4 #bc1 co/ #a1fjj1 #afb4 ,plan ,no4 #bd1 co/ #a1ajj1 #afb4 ,plan ,no4 #be1 co/ #a1djj1 #afc4 ,plan ,no4 #bf1 co/ #b1jjj1 #afc4 ,plan ,no4 #bg1 co/ #c1jjj1 #afe4 ,plan ,no4 #bh1 co/ #b1hjj1 #afe4 ,plan ,no4 #bi1 co/ #b1fjj1 #aff4 ,plan ,no4 #cj1 co/ #c1jjj1 #afg4 ,plan ,no4 #ca1 co/ #b1djj1 #afi4 ,plan ,no4 #cb1 co/ #d1jjj1 #agb4 ,plan ,no4 #cc1 co/ #b1hjj1 #agc4 ,plan ,no4 #cd1 co/ #b1ejj1 #agd4 ,plan ,no4 #ce1 co/ #b1bej1 #age4 ,plan ,no4 #cf1 co/ #b1jjj1 #age4 ,plan ,no4 #cg1 co/ #b1ajj1 #agf4 ,plan ,no4 #ch1 co/ #b1jjj1 #agg4 ,plan ,no4 #ci1 co/ #c1ejj1 #agh4 ,plan ,no4 #dj1 co/ #c1ajj1 #agi4 ,plan ,no4 #da1 co/ #c1djj1 #agi4 ,plan ,no4 #db1 co/ #b1hjj1 #ahj4 ,plan ,no4 #dc1 co/ #b1bjj1 #ahc4 ,plan ,no4 #dd1 co/ #e1jjj1 #ahd4 ,plan ,no4 #de1 co/ #b1ajj1 #ahd4 ,plan ,no4 #df1 co/ #c1djj1 #ahe4 ,plan ,no4 #dg1 co/ #aj1jjj1 #ahg4 ,plan ,no4 #dh1 co/ #c1djj1 #ahi4 ,plan ,no4 #di1 co/ #c1djj1 #aij4 ,plan ,no4 #ej1 co/ #aj1jjj1 #aib4 ,plumb+1 #fd-gd4 ,plumb+ co/s1 #bfh-bgj4 ,plumb+ fixtures1 #fe4 ,plumb+1 practical1 #bdg-bfc4 ,porcela9 wat]-closets1 #fi4 ,por*es1 #ca1 #bbj4 ,practical h\se-build+1 #aie-bgd4 ,preface1 #c1 #d4 ,prev5tion ( freez+ 9 plumb+1 #gj1 #ga4 ,privy vault1 #bji1 #baj4 ,pur*ase ( a lot1 #cab-caf4 ,pur*ase on a r5tal basis1 #bia-bic4 ,radiation1 direct1 #hj1 #ha4 ,radiation1 indirect1 #hj1 #ha4 ,ready mix$ pa9t1 #bdb4 ,re> /airway1 #fj4 ,reception-hall1 #ce1 #cf4 ,reception-hall decoration1 #hh1 #hi4 ,reception-hall mantel1 #hi4 ,refrig]ator1 #dg4 ,refrig]ator dra91 #dh1 #bda1 ,ridge cop+1 #bdj4 ,ridge f9i%1 #baf1 #bag4 ,rodd$ jo9ts1 #aii4 ,ro(1 #baf1 #bag4 ,safety 9 plumb+1 #fd4 ,safes1 #beh4 ,sa% weights1 #bai4 ,sav+s banks & build+ associations1 #bif1 #big4 ,s*$ule ,b1 #bfh4 ,seal$ proposals1 #bhd4 ,second floor1 !1 #ei-fc4 ,s]vant's b$room1 #fb4 ,s]vice pipes1 #bdi4 ,sew] & vault connection1 #fe4 ,sew] connection1 #gb1 #bfa1 #bfb4 ,sew] gas1 #ff1 #fg1 #gb4 ,%eet glass1 #bde4 ,%[]-ba?1 #beg4 ,%+les1 #baf1 #bag1 #bah4 ,%+les1 pa9t+ (1 #baf4 ,%+les1 /a9$1 #bah4 ,%+le walls1 #bag4 ,%utt]s1 outside1 #bai1 #bbj4 ,%utt]s1 inside1 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,sid+1 drop1 #bag4 ,sid+1 ,g]man1 #bag4 ,side-hall plans1 #afd-aff4 ,s9k 9 cell>1 #bed4 ,s9k 9 kit*51 #dc1 #bcj1 #bed4 ,sitt+-room1 #ce1 #cf1 #ia4 ,sizes = fram+ lumb]1 #bac1 #bad4 ,slid+ doors1 #bbe4 ,soap-box1 #dh1 #di1 #bcb4 ,s(t-wat] supply1 #bej4 ,soil pipe1 #ff1 #fg1 #bec4 ,spla% bo>d1 #bcj1 #bca4 ,spla% bo>d 9 ba?-room1 #bca4 ,sp\ts1 #bdj4 ,/a9+1 ext]ior1 #bdc4 ,/a9+1 int]ior1 #bdc4 ,/a9$ %+les1 #bah4 ,/airs1 #bcd1 #bce4 ,/airs1 comb9ation1 #ei1 #fj4 ,/airways1 #ei1 #fj4 ,/airway1 comb9ation1 #acg1 #adj1 #ada4 ,/airway1 re>1 #fj4 ,/eam heat+1 #hj4 ,/one f\ndations1 #bjg1 #bjh4 ,/one sills1 #bjh4 ,/one /eps1 #bjh1 #bji4 ,/op beads1 #bbg4 ,/op cocks1 #bdi4 ,/orm wat] connections1 #bfb4 ,/ories1 height (1 #bad4 ,s trap1 #ff1 #fg1 #bfc4 ,/reet wa%]1 #bdi4 ,/ove heat+1 #hj4 ,/ud walls1 #bae1 #baf4 ,tables 9 kit*51 #bcj4 ,table ( inside f9i%1 #bbd4 ,tank wood-"w1 #bca4 ,t]m9at+ plan 9 build+ associations1 #bii1 #cjj4 ,t]ra cotta1 #bji4 ,t9 hot-air pipes1 #bda4 ,t9-"w1 #bci-bda4 ,transoms1 #bbf4 ,traps1 #ff1 #fg1 #bfc4 ,traps fail to act1 #gf4 ,trap screws1 #bfc4 ,trimm] ar*1 #bje1 #bjf4 ,trimm]s1 #bad4 ,valleys1 #bci4 ,vault & sew] connection1 #fe4 ,v5e]$ doors1 #bbe1 #bbf4 ,v5e] ( brick1 #bjc4 ,v5tilation & heat+1 #ge-he4 ,v5tilation1 dra91 #ga4 ,v5tilation1 h\se1 #ge1 #gi4 ,v5tilation ( kit*51 #di4 ,ve/ibule1 #ca-cc4 ,ve/ibule decoration1 #hg1 #hh4 ,wa9scot+1 #bbi4 ,wa9scot+ 9 kit*51 #di4 ,walls ( %+les1 #bag4 ,wa%-/&1 #gb1 #bei1 #bfj4 ,wa%-/& wood-"w1 #bca4 ,wa/e pipe1 #ff1 #fg4 ,wat]-closets1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj1 #bei4 ,wat]-closets1 porcela91 #fi4 ,wat]-closet1 wa%\t1 #fh1 #fi4 ,wat]-closet wood-"w1 #bca4 ,wat] di/ribution1 #bdh4 ,wat] = build]1 #aig4 ,wat] = laundry1 #ef1 #eg4 ,wat] motor1 #bea4 ,wat] tank 9 attic1 #ga4 ,wat] seal1 #fg1 #fh4 ,w9d[s1 #bah1 #bai4 ,wood5 brick1 #bjd4 ,wood c>v+1 #ij4 ,wood-"w = ba?-room1 #bca4 ,wood = inside f9i%1 #bbe4 ,wood-"w = plumb]1 #bcj1 #bca4 ,wood-"w = wat]-closet1 #bca4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?is ,,beautiful ,,book4 --,/&>d ,union4 ,,beautiful ,,h\ses4 ,,by ,,l\is ,h4 ,,gibson1 ,,ar*itect4 ,,au?or ,,( ,,conv5i5t ,,h\ses4 ,,) ,,ov] #bej ,,illu/rations4 #h,,vo4 ,,clo?4 #c4jj4 ,s9ce ! publication ( 8 ,conv5i5t ,h\ses ,mr4 ,gibson has be5 abroad1 :]e he made a c>eful /udy ( ! national ar*itecture ( _m c\ntries4 ,mr4 ,gibson is rem>kable = ! skill ) :i* he manages to utilize ord9>y wa/e spaces1 to place e possible conv5i5ce 9 ! h\sekeep]'s h&s2 9 %ort1 to apply common-s5se 9 an uncommon mann]4 ,no "o int]e/$ 9 build+ a new h\se1 or alt]+ ov] an old "o1 c\ld fail to obta9 valuable h9ts f 8 books4 ,! volume is sumptu\sly illu/rat$1 & w be a delight to all connoisseurs1 bo? ( ar*itecture & ( book-mak+4 ,cont5ts ( ! ,book4 ,,h\se-,,build+ ,,an ,,art4 ,ugly h\ses1 un$ucat$ ar*itects1 co/ nev] measures ! arti/ic1 developm5t ( art 9 build+1 ! primitive h\se1 fir/ pr9ciples1 ! ,greek temple & ! ,indian hut1 ! old ,roman & ! ,old ,colonial1 ,romanesque ar*itecture1 ,go?ic ar*itecture1 decl9e ( ! ,go?ic1 ! ,r5aissance1 mod]n ar*itecture ( ,europe1 *>act]i/ics ( mod]n ,am]ican ar*itecture1 etc4 ,,! ,,_w',s ,,homes4 ,fr5* dome/ic ar*itecture1 twelf? c5tury build+1 floor plans ( dome/ic /ructures1 picturesque /air t[]s1 half-timb] ar*itecture ( ! twelf? c5tury1 our use ( ,fr5* examples1 ,breton cu/oms1 furniture1 ,fr5* *ateaux1 ,engli% dome/ic ar*itecture1 dome/ic build+s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 picturesque details1 f ! ,go?ic to ! ,r5aissance1 mod]n ar*itecture ( ,g]many1 ,swiss ar*itecture1 ,old ,colonial ar*itecture1 a classic developm5t1 *>act]i/ic ,new ,engl& ar*itecture1 luxuri\s "* ( ! ,old ,colonial 9 ! ,s\?1 etc4 ,,"s ,,h\se ,,plans4 ,relation ( ! ext]ior to ! location1 ! dorm]s1 ! inside f9i%1 mantels1 a c5tre-hall plan1 frame build+1 a little room = cloaks & wraps1 decorative =ms1 int]ior photographs1 ext]nal details1 ,greek m\ld+s1 a wide c5tral hall op5 at ea* end1 l>ge rooms1 a picturesque /airway1 color s*emes 9 decoration1 description ( floor plan1 a f9e location1 a riv] front1 picturesque /air-hall1 a smok+-room "u ! balcony1 etc4 ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,details4 ,%+le-h\ses1 ! prop] surr\nd+s1 ! /a9s ( "t1 artificial /a91 examples1 slate walls1 fireplaces & mantels1 "* 9 mantels1 tile fac+s1 onyx & brick1 doors1 ! def5sive1 hospitality1 mat]ial1 =eign examples1 dome/ic doors1 /airs1 =eign examples1 broad l&+s1 ,old ,colonial /airways1 iron rail+s1 furniture1 ar*itects' designs1 sidebo>ds1 bookcases1 seats1 l\nges1 scre5s1 grilles1 walls & ceil+s1 etc4 ,,! ,,ar*itect4 ,! ar*itect & ! h\sewife1 bus9ess & ! arts1 co/s1 prop] und]/&+ ( ! cli5t's wi%es1 pl5ty ( "t to make plans4 ,press ,notices4 ,new ,york ,sun4 ,a h&some book1 copi\sly illu/rat$1 giv+ =eign examples 9 dome/ic ar*itecture1 a collection ( ,am]ican h\se plans1 & includ+ a consid]ation ( mat]ials & details = ! b5efit ( ! arti/ic h\se-build]4 ,*icago ,ev5+ ,po/4 ,a mo/ timely publication1 & w f9d admir]s among amateur build]s z well z tra9$ ar*itects4 ,bo/on ,adv]tis]4 ,mr4 ,gibson's book is some?+ m ?an an enunciation ( !ories4 ,"u ! head+s ',"s ,h\se ,plans' & ',mat]ials & ,details1' !re is a practical work+ out ( ! ar*itect's g5]al idea4 ,?is "p ( ! "w is mo/ valuably sugge/ive1 & ! int5d+ h\se build] w f9d x greatly to 8 int]e/ to consult ,mr4 ,gibson's books4 ,! pres5t volume is "o 9 :i* m>k$ utility is comb9$ ) great beauty4 ,detroit ,free ,press4 ,x w\ld h>dly seem possible t a "w on h\se-build+ c\ld be su* pleasant read+ z is ?is h&some volume4 ,congregationali/4 ,8 =m] book met a real ne$4 ,8 pres5t "w is full ( wise & practical sugge/ions z to secur+ beauty )\t sacrific+ conv5i5ce or runn+ into extravagance4 ,all ab\t to build or recon/ruct a h\se w f9d x helpful4 ,indianapolis ,news4 ,?is "w is a cr$it to ,mr4 ,gibson & to 8 pr(ession4 ,x is a reflection ( deep k ( ar*itecture1 & ( exp]i5ce 9 ! practice ( ! pr(ession4 ,! illu/rations are abundant & excell5t1 & ! :ole is a beautiful piece ( book-mak+4 ,an appropriate cov] is design$ by ,david ,gibson4 ,lit]>y ,_w4 ,! au?or is an ar*itect ( k1 ideas1 & ta/es4444 ,to any family project+ a home ( _! own ?is volume w br+ a multitude ( helps4 ,booksell]1 ,newsdeal] & ,/ation]4 ,"o ( ! h&some/ & at ! same "t mo/ practical books ev] publi%$ by ! ,cr[ells4 ,= ,sale by all ,booksell]s1 or s5t po/paid by ! ,publi%]s on receipt ( price4 ,t4 ,y4 ,,cr[ell ,,co41 ,new ,york & ,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,obvi\s punctuation errors h be5 correct$ & miss+ punctuation has be5 add$4 ,ar*aic words & misspell$ words1 z well z inconsi/5t hyph5ation1 h be5 reta9$ ) ! exception ( ^? li/$ bel[4 ,page #fj3 ! add$ = cont9uity 7,! re> /airway %\ld be connect$ ) ! front "p ( ! h\se74 ,page #hi3 ( add$ = cont9uity 7,?is arrangem5t frequ5tly admits ( ! plac+ ( a seat along "o side ( ! out] "p ( ! l[] l&+47 ,page #bib3 ,no footnote is includ$ at ! bottom ( ! page = ! ref]5ce conta9$ 9 ! text4