,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,rail-,,p[] ,,9 ,,w> ,,& ,,conque/ #ahcc-aiad ,,! ,,rise ,,( ,,rail-,,p[] ,,9 ,,w> ,,& ,,conque/ #ahcc-aiad ,,) ,a ,,bibliography ,,by ,,edw9 ,a4 ,,pratt ,au?or ( ,a ,hi/ory ( ,inl& ,transport1 ,railways & _! ,rates1 etc4 ,,london ,p4 ,s4 ,,k+ ,,son1 ,,ltd4 ,,or*>d ,,h\se ,,we/m9/] #aiae ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i ,a ,,new ,,factor #a ,,ii ,,railways ,,9 ,,! ,,civil ,,w> #ad ,,iii ,,railway ,,de/ruction ,,9 ,,w> #bf ,,iv ,,control ,,( ,,railways ,,9 ,,w> #dj ,v ,,protection ,,( ,,railways ,,9 ,,w> #ed ,,vi ,,troops ,,& ,,supplies #fb ,,vii ,,arm\r$ ,,tra9s #fg ,,viii ,,railway ,,ambulance ,,transport #ha ,,ix ,,prep>ation ,,9 ,,peace ,,= ,,w> #ih ,x ,,organisation ,,9 ,,g]many #ajc ,,xi ,,railway ,,troops ,,9 ,,g]many #abb ,,xii ,,france ,,& ,,! ,,w> ,,( #ahgj-ga #ach ,,xiii ,,organisation ,,9 ,,france #adi ,,xiv ,,organisation ,,9 ,,engl& #age ,,xv ,,milit>y ,,railways #bje ,,xvi ,,railways ,,9 ,,! ,,bo] ,,w> #bcb ,,xvii ,,! ,,russo-,,japanese ,,w> #bfj ,,xviii ,,/rategical ,,railways3 ,,g]many #bgg ,,xix ,a ,,g]man-,,african ,,empire #bif ,,xx ,,designs ,,on ,,asiatic ,,turkey #cca ,,xxi ,,summ>y ,,& ,,conclusions #cde ,,app5dix ,,indian ,,fronti] ,,railways #ceg ,,! ,,def5ce ,,( ,,au/ralia #cfh ,,bibliography #cgf ,,index #cih ,,prefatory ,,note4 ,! ext5t to :i* railways are be+ us$ 9 ! pres5t ,w> ( ! ,nations has tak5 q by surprise a _w ^: milit>y hi/orians1 9 _! acc\nts ( :at armies h done or h fail$ to d on ! battle-field 9 ! pa/1 h too (t5 disreg>d$ su* matt]s ( detail z to h[ ! armies got !re & ! possible effect ( good or defective transport conditions1 includ+ ! ma9t5ance ( supplies & communications1 on ! :ole c\rse ( a campaign4 ,9 ! gigantic /ruggle n[ proce$+1 ^! matt]s ( detail are f\nd to be ( transc5dant importance4 ,! "p :i* railways are play+ 9 ! /ruggle has1 inde$--9 keep+ ) ! magnitude ( ! /ruggle itself--assum$ proportions unexampl$ 9 hi/ory4 ,:il/ ?is is s x is1 nev]!less1 a rem>kable fact t al?\gh mu* has be5 said z to ! conditions ( milit>y unprep>$ness 9 :i* ! outbreak ( ho/ilities 9 ,augu/1 #aiad1 f\nd ! ,allies1 !re has1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 be5 no sugge/ion ( any inability on ! "p ( ! railways to meet1 at once1 f ! v mom5t w> 0 decl>$1 all ! requirem5ts ( milit>y transport4 ,9 ?is respect1 inde$1 ! organisation1 ! prep>$ness1 & ! effici5cy ?r\gh\t alike ( ! ,briti% & ( ! ,fr5* railways h be5 fully equal to ^? ( ! ,g]man railways !mselves4 ,z reg>ds ,briti% conditions1 especially1 mu* int]e/ atta*es to "s rem>ks made by ,sir ,*>les ,ow5s1 =m]ly ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,london & ,s\? ,we/]n ,railway ,company1 9 ! c\rse ( an address deliv]$ by him to /ud5ts ( ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,economics on ,octob] #ab1 #aiad4 ,he told h[1 "s five or six ye>s ago1 he _h met at a social function ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,w>1 :o1 aft] d9n]1 took him aside & ask$1 ,d y ?9k 9 any em]g5cy :i* might arise 9 ?is c\ntry ! railways w\ld be able to cope ) x adequately8 ,to ?is "q ,sir ,*>les repli$1 ,i w /ake my reputation z a railway man t ! c\ntry c\ld n conc5trate m5 & mat]ials half s fa/ z ! railways c\ld deal ) !m2 b ! managem5t ( ! railways mu/ be left 9 ! h&s ( railway m54 ,we h "h an affirmation & a proviso4 ,t ! affirmation 0 w>rant$ has be5 abundantly prov$ by :at ! ,briti% railways h accompli%$ 9 ! em]g5cy t has aris54 ,! special significance ( ! proviso w be und]/ood 9 ! light ( :at ,i record 9 ! pres5t "w conc]n+ ! control ( railways 9 w>4 ,tak+ ! railways ( all ! c\ntries1 :e!r fri5ds or foes1 conc]n$ 9 ! pres5t ,_w-,w>1 & assum+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t all1 )\t exception1 h accompli%$ m>vels 9 ! way ( milit>y transport1 "o mu/1 nev]!less1 be> 9 m9d two important consid]ations3-- 7#a7 ,t1 ap>t f ! huge proportions ( ! scale ^u :i*1 9 ! aggregate1 ! railways are be+ requir$ to s]ve milit>y purposes1 ! pres5t conflict1 9 spite ( its magnitude1 has ?us f> produc$ no absolutely new factor 9 ! employm5t ( railways = w> except z reg>ds ! use ( air-craft = _! de/ruction4 7#b7 ,t :5 ho/ilities 7 decl>$ 9 ,augu/1 #aiad1 ! subject ( ! employm5t ( railways = ! purposes ( w> _h already be5 "u ! consid]ation ( railway & milit>y exp]ts 9 diff]5t c\ntries = no few] ?an eighty ye>s1 dur+ :i* p]iod1 & z ! result ( va/ /udy1 mu* exp]i5ce1 & _m blund]s 9 or betwe5 w>s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 !re _h be5 sl[ly evolv$ c]ta9 fix$ pr9ciples &1 also1 subject to con/ant am5dm5ts1 a recognis$ & compreh5sive organisation :i*1 accept$ m or less completely by ! lead+ nations1 ) modifications to suit _! national circum/ances & conditions1 0 design$ to meet all cont+5cies1 to provide1 z f> z human =esight c\ld sugge/1 = all possible difficulties1 & be capable ( application in/antly ! ne$ = x might arise4 ,! "t has n yet come = tell+ all t ! railways h ?us f> done dur+ ! w> :i* has /ill to be f\ght out4 ,t /ory1 9 ! words ( a railway man conc]n$ !re91 is at pres5t a seal$ book4 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 x is desirable t ! position z def9$ 9 ! second ( ! two consid]ations giv5 above %\ld be fully realis$1 9 ord] t :at ! railways &1 s f> z !y h be5 aid$ by !m1 ! combatants1 h accompli%$ or are likely to accompli% may be bett] und]/ood :5 ! seal$ book becomes an op5 "o4 ,if1 z sugge/$ at ! outset1 ! _w has already be5 tak5 by surprise ev5 by :at ! railways are kn[n to h done1 x may be /ill m surpris$ to le>n 7z ! pres5t "w w %[7 t ! con/ruction ( railways = /rategical purposes 0 advocat$ 9 ,g]many z e>ly z #ahcc2 t 9 #ahdb a s*eme 0 elaborat$ = cov]+ ,g]many ) a network ( /rategical railways :i*1 :ile s]v+ ! entire c\ntry1 w\ld m especially all[ ( w> be+ conduct$ on two fronts--,france & ,russia--at ! same "t2 & t 9 ! same ye> 7#ahdb7 att5tion 0 already be+ call$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,*amb] to ! aggressive l9es :i* ,g]many 0 build+ 9 ! direction ( ,france1 :ile pr$ictions 7 also be+ made t any new invasion ( ,france by ,g]many w\ld be betwe5 ,metz & ,/rasburg4 ,if1 aga91 x is f\nd t a good deal ( space is devot$ 9 ! pres5t "w to ! ,w> ( ,secession1 criticism may1 p]haps1 be dis>m$ by ! explanation t ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> 0 practically ! beg9n+ ( ?+s z reg>ds ! sci5tific use ( railways = w>1 & t _m ( ! problems connect$ !re) 7 ei!r />t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or 7 actually work$ out !re1 prec$5ts be+ e/abli%$ & examples be+ set :i* ! re/ ( ! _w _h simply to foll[1 adapt or p]fect4 ,! possibility ( c>ry+ on w>f>e at a great di/ance f ! base ( supplies by means ( ev5 a s+le l9e ( s+le-track railway2 ! creation ( an organis$ corps = ! re/oration1 op]ation or de/ruction ( railways2 ! control ( railways 9 w> by ! railway or ! milit>y int]e/s indep5d5tly or jo9tly2 ! "q z to :5 ! railway c\ld be us$ to advantage & :5 x w\ld be bett] = ! troops to m>*2 ! use ( arm\r$ tra9s2 ! evolution ( ! ambulance or ! hospital tra9--all ^!1 & _m o!r matt]s besides1 are to be trac$ back to ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> ( #ahfa-fe1 & are dealt ) h]e9 at :at1 x is hop$1 w be f\nd n undue l5g?4 ,z = ! build+ up ( ! subsequ5t organisation 9 ,europe--,g]many1 ,france & ,engl& be+ ! c\ntries select$ = special treatm5t 9 relation !reto--?is1 also1 has _h to be describ$ ) "s reg>d = detail2 &1 incid5tally1 x is %[n 7#a7 t ! alleg$ p]fection ( ,g]many's arrangem5ts :5 %e w5t to w> ) ,france 9 #ahgj-ga is m]ely "o ( ! fictions ( hi/ory1 s f> z h] milit>y rail-transport 0 conc]n$2 7#b7 t ,france le>n$ ! bitt] lesson taught h] by ! deplorable & und5iable imp]fections ( h] own transport sy/em--or no-sy/em--on t occasion1 & at once set ab\t ! creation ( :at 0 to become an organisation ( ! mo/ complete & compreh5sive "*2 & 7#c7 t ! beg9n+ ( ?+s 9 ,engl&1 9 ! way ( employ+ railways = ! purposes ( w>1 0 ! direct outcome ( ! conditions ( semi-panic creat$ "h 9 #ahei by :at 0 reg>d$ z ! prospect ( an e>ly invasion ( ?is c\ntry by ,france1 c\pl$ ) ! !n recognis$ defici5cies ( our means ( national def5ce4 ,milit>y railways1 z employ$ 9 ! ,crimean ,w>1 ! ,abyss9ian ,campaign1 ! ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 ! ,russo-,turki% ,w> & ! ,sudan are describ$2 a detail$ acc\nt is giv5 ( ! use ( railways 9 ! ,bo] ,w> & ! ,russo-,japanese ,w>2 & ?is is foll[$ by a description ( ! /rategical railways con/ruct$ 9 ,g]many = ! purpose ( facilitat+ w> on ! possessions ( h] neighb\rs4 ,*apt]s ,,xix & ,,xx deal ) ! build+ ( railways :i*1 :e!r av[$ly /rategical or :at ,i h describ$ z economic-political-/rategical1 are int5d$ to effect ! purposes ( conque/1 ) or )\t ! accompanim5t ( w>4 ,! =m] ( ^! two *apt]s1 :i* %[s h[1 ) ! help ( railways1 ,g]many propos$ to trans=m ! ,african cont95t into an ,african ,empire ( h] own1 %\ld be f\nd des]v+ ( notice1 & especially s 9 view ( ! /atem5ts quot$ 7p4 #caa7 z hav+ be5 made by ,g]man (fic]s 9 :at 0 !n ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 to ! effect t ! ma9 objective ( ,g]many 9 go+ to w> w\ld be ! conque/ ( ,africa1 ! sma%+ up ( ,france & ,great ,brita9 be+ reg>d$ only z incid5ts :i*1 foll[$ by seizure ( ! possessions ( ! small] ,p[]s1 w\ld make ,g]many ! supreme ,p[] 9 ,africa1 & lead to ! :ole ,african cont95t becom+ a ,g]man possession4 ,f ,*apt] ,,xx ! read] w le>n h[ ,g]many propos$ to employ railways = ! fur!r+ ( h] aims aga9/1 n only ,asiatic ,turkey1 b ,egypt & ,india1 z well4 ,! subsidi>y articles on ,indian ,fronti] ,railways & ,! ,def5ce ( ,au/ralia h no direct be>+ on t evolution ( rail-p[] 9 w>f>e ) :i* x is ! special purpose ( ! pres5t volume to deal2 b 9 ! belief t !y are ( int]e/ & importance 9 !mselves1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! g5]al "q1 !y h be5 giv5 9 an ,app5dix4 ,! difficulties & o!r conditions "u :i* ! ,s9d-,pi%9 ,/ate ,railway1 design$ to s]ve /rategical purposes1 0 built to ! fronti]s ( ,afghani/an are unexampl$ 9 ! hi/ory ei!r ( railways or ( w>4 ,z reg>ds ,au/ralia1 ! gravity ( ! position !re 0 well indicat$ by ,"l ,kit*5] :5 he wrote ( ! l9es runn+ inl& t !y 7 ( little use = def5ce1 al?\gh possibly ( consid]able value to an enemy :o w\ld h tempor>y comm& ( ! sea4 ,at ! end ( ! volume !re is a ,bibliography ( books1 pamphlets & review or o!r articles relat+ to ! use ( railways = ! purposes ( w>4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ?is compilation 0 bas$ on a ,li/ ( ,ref]5ces prep>$ by ! ,am]ican ,bureau ( ,railway ,economics2 b1 :ile _m items on t li/ h "h be5 omitt$1 a consid]able numb] ( o!rs h be5 ins]t$ f o!r s\rces4 ,! ,bibliography is n (f]$ z be+ 9 any way complete1 b x may1 nev]!less1 be ( advantage to /ud5ts desir\s ( mak+ fur!r rese>*es into ! matt]s ( hi/ory "h specially treat$4 ,! assi/ance r5d]$ 9 o!r ways by ! ,am]ican ,bureau ( ,railway ,economics 9 ! prep>ation ( ! pres5t "w has be5 mo/ helpful4 ,9 ! writ+ ( ! *apt]s conc]n+ ,g]man designs on ,africa1 ,asia ,m9or1 etc41 ! res\rces ( ! well-arrang$ & admirably-index$ libr>y ( ! ,royal ,colonial ,in/itute h be5 ( great s]vice4 ,i h1 also1 to express cordial ackn[l$gm5ts to ! ,g5]al ,manag]s & o!r (fic]s ( v>i\s lead+ railway companies = in=mation giv5 respect+ ! organisation ( railways 9 ?is c\ntry = milit>y purposes4 ,,edw9 ,a4 ,,pratt4 ,novemb]1 #aiae4 ,! ,rise ( ,rail-,p[] 9 ,w> & ,conque/ ,,*apt] ,i ,a ,,new ,,factor ,:ile ! orig9al purpose ( railways 0 to promote ! arts ( peace1 ! wide scope ( _! possibilities 9 ! direction1 also1 ( fur!r+ ! arts ( w> began to be realis$ at a v e>ly date aft] _! success 9 ! =m] capacity _h be5 assur$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,already ! canal sy/em _h introduc$ an innovation :i* greatly impress$ ! ,briti% public4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahjf1 a consid]able body ( troops w5t by b>ge on ! ,padd+ton ,canal f ,london to ,liv]pool1 en r\te = ,dubl91 relays ( fre% horses = ! canal boats be+ provid$ at all ! /ages 9 ord] to facilitate ! transport2 & 9 ref]r+ to ?is ev5t ,! ,times ( ,decemb] #ai1 #ahjf1 rem>k$3--,by ?is mode ( conveyance ! m5 w be only sev5 days 9 rea*+ ,liv]pool1 & ) comp>atively little fatigue1 z x w\ld take !m above f\rte5 days to m>* t di/ance4 ,b :51 on ! op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 9 #ahcj1 a ,briti% regim5t 0 convey$ !reon1 9 two h\rs1 a j\rney ( ?irty-f\r miles1 :i* !y w\ld h requir$ two days to accompli% on foot1 f>-see+ m5 became /ill m impress$1 & began to realise t !re _h1 inde$1 be5 introduc$ a new factor de/9$ to ex]cise a p[]ful influ5ce on ! future conduct ( w>4 ,! geographical position ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom l$1 9 ^? e>ly days1 to great] importance be+ atta*$ to ! conv5i5ces ( railways z a means ( transport ?an to _! actual /rategical & tactical advantages2 & ! issue by ! ,w> ,(fice1 9 #ahdf1 ( a ,regulation ,relative to ! ,conveyance ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,=ces1 _! ,baggage & ,/ores1 by ,rail1 may h appe>$ to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! imm$iate situation1 s f> z ?is c\ntry 0 conc]n$4 ,on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe1 h[ev]1 ! rivalry ( nations divid$ f "o ano!r only by a m or less unc]ta9 or v>y+ fronti]1 & /ill p[]fully influ5c$ by ! recollection ( rec5t conflicts1 result$ 9 mu* great] att5tion be+ paid to ! possibilities ( ! new developm5t4 ,! fir/ def9ite proposals = ! use ( railways = /rategical purposes 7 advanc$1 z e>ly z #ahcc1 by ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,h>kort1 a ,we/phalian wor?y :o came to be bett] kn[n 9 8 native l& z ,d] alte ,h>kort4 ,a p>ticipant 9 ! ,napoleonic w>s1 he _h subsequ5tly %[n great en]gy & ent]prise 9 ! developm5t ( /eam eng9es1 hydraulic presses1 iron-mak+1 & o!r important indu/ries 9 ,g]many2 he _h be5 ! fir/ writ] 9 t c\ntry to give an acc\nt--z he did 9 #ahbe--( ! progress ,engl& 0 mak+ 9 respect to railways & /eam%ips2 & he _h1 9 #ahbf1 plac$ a work+ model ( a railway 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,elb]feld ,museum4 ,^! v>i\s ef=ts he foll[$ up1 9 #ahcc1 by br++ =w>d 9 ! ,we/phalian ,l&tag a s*eme = ! build+ ( a railway to connect ! ,wes] & ! ,lippe4 ,lat] 9 ! same ye> he publi%$ ,die ,eis5bahn von ,m9d5 na* ,kln1 9 :i* he laid special /ress on ! value to ,g]many ( ! propos$ l9e f a milit>y po9t ( view4 ,) ! help ( su* a railway1 he argu$1 x w\ld be possible to conc5trate l>ge bodies ( troops at a giv5 po9t mu* m spe$ily ?an if !y m>*$ by road2 he made calculations z to :at ! actual sav+ 9 "t1 z well z 9 physical /ra91 w\ld be 9 transport+ ,prussian troops f v>i\s specifi$ c5tres to o!rs2 & he proce$$3-- ,let u suppose t we _h a railway & a telegraph l9e on ! "r bank ( ! ,rh9e1 f ,ma9z to ,wesel4 ,any cross+ ( ! ,rh9e by ! ,fr5* w\ld !n sc>cely be possible1 s9ce we %\ld be able to br+ a /rong def5sive =ce on ! spot be=e ! attempt c\ld be develop$4 ,^! ?+s may appe> v /range to-day2 yet 9 ! womb ( ! future !re slumb]s ! se$ ( great developm5ts 9 railways1 ! results ( :i* x is1 z yet1 q beyond our p[]s to =esee4 ,h>kort's proposals gave rise to mu* vigor\s controv]sy 9 ,g]many4 ,! (ficial classes condemn$ z nons5sical fancies 8 ideas1 n only z to ! usefulness ( railways = ! conveyance ( troops1 b1 also1 z to ! utility ( railways = any practical purposes :atev]2 & contempor>y newspap]s & p]iodicals1 9 turn1 made him ! butt ( _! ridicule4 ,! pros & cons ( ! use ( railways = milit>y purposes 71 none ! less1 actively discuss$ 9 num]\s pamphlets & treatises4 ,j z1 9 ,france1 ,g5]al ,rumigny1 adjutant to ,l\is-,philippe1 _h already =e%ad[$ ! possibility ( a sudd5 invasion by a ,g]man army rea*+ ! fronti] by rail1 s1 also1 9 ,g]many1 9 ! words ( "o writ] at ?is p]iod1 anxi\s spirits %udd] at ! ?\ght t1 "s f9e spr+ morn+1 a hundr$ ?\s& ,fr5*m51 ?ir/+ = w>1 w sudd5ly invade our peaceful valleys at bird-l spe$1 ?anks to ! new means ( locomotion1 & beg9 _! old game 7das alte ,spiel7 ov] aga94 ,on ! o!r h& !re 7 milit>y sceptics--su* z ! au?or ( a pamphlet ,ub] die ,militris*e ,b5utzung d] ,eis5bahn5 7,b]l91 #ahcf7--:o1 bas+ _! calculations on locomotive p]=mances up to t date1 ass]t$ t1 al?\gh ! railway might be ( s]vice 9 ! conveyance ( supplies1 guns & ammunition1 x w\ld be ( no advantage 9 ! transport ( troops4 ,^!1 !y decl>$1 w\ld get to _! de/9ation soon] if !y m>*$4#a ,! mo/ noticeable ( ! v>i\s publications issu$ 9 ,g]many at ?is p]iod 0 a book by ,c>l ,edu>d ,pnitz 7,pz471 :i* appe>$ at ,adorf1 ,saxony1 9 #ahdb1 "u ! title ( ,die ,eis5bahn5 als militris*e ,op]ationsl9i5 betra*tet1 und dur* ,beispiele erlat]t4 ,! writ] ( ?is rem>kable book 7( :i* a second edition 0 issu$ 9 #ahec7 gave a compreh5sive survey ( ! :ole situation 9 reg>d to railways & w>1 s f> z ! subject c\ld be dealt ) 9 ! light ( railway developm5ts & ( actual exp]i5ces ( troop movem5ts by rail d[n to t "t2 & he argu$ /rongly 9 fav\r ( ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! employm5t ( railways = milit>y purposes4 ,he ev5 sugge/$ t1 9 ! ev5t ( an inadequate supply ( locomotives1 or ( op]ations hav+ to be conduct$ 9 a m\nta9\s c\ntry :]e locomotives c\ld n be us$ = heavy traffic1 ! troops might /ill use _! own horses to draw ! coa*es & wagons along ! railway l9es1 s t ! m5 w\ld arrive fre% & fit = imm$iate fight+ at ! end ( _! j\rney4 ,describ+ railways z ! mo/ p[]ful vehicle = ! advancem5t ( ,kultur s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ,pnitz %[$ h[ ,belgium & ,saxony 7 ! two c\ntries :i* _h tak5 ! initiative 9 railway con/ruction on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe2 & 8 ref]5ces to ! =m] c\ntry are especially des]v+ ( be+ recall$1 9 view ( rec5t ev5ts4 ,he po9t$ to ! good example :i* _h be5 set by ! f>-sight$ & en]getic ,k+ ( ! ,belgians1 & cont9u$3-- ,al?\gh1 9 a l& torn asund] by revolution>y factions1 _m w\nds 7 /ill ble$+2 & al?\gh ! newly-creat$ k+dom 0 ?reat5$ by foes )9 & )\t & c\ld organise means ( resi/ance only ) great difficulty1 !re 01 nev]!less1 tak5 9 h& a s*eme = ! con/ruction ( a network ( railways design$ to ext5d ov] ! entire c\ntry1 :ile at ! pres5t mom5t ! great] "p ( t s*eme has1 9 fact1 be5 c>ri$ out4 ,9 ?is way ,k+ ,leopold has rais$ up = himself a memorial ! full value & significance ( :i* may1 p]haps1 be appreciat$ only by g5]ations yet to come4 ,:ile ,belgium 0 ?us %[n to h be5 sett+ a good example1 ! only railways :i* ,prussia !n _h 9 actual op]ation 7ap>t f ! ,b]l9-,/ett9 & ! ,b]l9-,breslau l9es1 :i* _h be5 begun1 & o!rs :i* _h be5 project$7 7 ! ,b]l9-,potsdam & ! ,b]l9-,magdeburg-,leipzig l9es2 ?\gh ,saxony _h ! ,leipzig-,dresd5 l9e1 & ,bav>ia ! ,nremb]g-,fr? & ! ,muni*-,augsburg l9es4 ,pnitz1 h[ev]1 excus$ ! backw>dness ( ,prussia on ! gr\nd t if h] ,gov]nm5t _h refus$1 = a long "t1 to sanction v>i\s project$ railways1 or _h impos$ heavy obligations 9 reg>d to !m1 su* action 0 due1 n to prejudice1 b to a wise =esight--mean+1 presumably1 t ,prussia 0 wait+ to pr(it by ! exp]i5ce t o!r c\ntries 7 ga9+ at _! own co/4 ,hav+ dealt ) all ! argum5ts he c\ld advance 9 fav\r ( ! g5]al pr9ciple ( employ+ railways = milit>y purposes1 ,pnitz proce$$ to elaborate a s*eme = ! con/ruction ( a network ( /rategical l9es s]v+ ! :ole ( ,g]many1 ?\gh int5d$1 m especially1 to protect h] fronti]s aga9/ attack by ei!r ,france or ,russia4 ,)\t1 he said1 be+ 9 ! secrets ( int]national politics1 he ?\ght he might safely presume t ,g]many's only fe> ( attack 0 f "o ( ^! two directions2 &1 al?\gh ! relations ( ! ,great ,p[]s ( ,europe 7 !n peaceful1 a cont9uance ( ^? conditions c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 be gu>ante$4 ,s1 he proce$$-- ,we h to look to ^! two fronts2 &1 if we want to avoid ! risk ( heavy losses at ! outset1 we ne$s mu/--also at ! outset--be prep>$ to meet ! enemy !re ) an ov]:elm+ =ce4 ,e "o kn[s t ! /r5g? ( an army is multipli$ by movem5ts :i* are rapid 9 !mselves & all[ ( ! troops arriv+ at ! end ( _! j\rney )\t fatigue4 ,9 a p[]ful appeal--bas$ on motives alike ( patriotism1 ( national def5ce & ( economic advantage--t 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 %\ld support ! s*eme he ?us put =w>d1 ,pnitz once m po9t$ to ,belgium1 say+3-- ,! y\nge/ ( all ! ,european ,/ates has giv5 u an example ( :at c be done by intellig5ce & good w4 ,! network ( ,belgian railways w be ( z mu* advantage 9 advanc+ ! indu/ries ( t c\ntry z x w be 9 facilitat+ ! def5ce ( ! l& aga9/ attack by ,france4 ,x w increase alike ,belgium's prosp]ity & ,belgium's security4 ,& we ,g]mans1 :o place s high a value on our intellig5ce1 & are sc>cely yet incl9$ to recognise ! political indep5d5ce ( ! ,belgian p1 %all we rema9 s bl9d z n to see :at is ne$$ = our own safety8 ,pnitz c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 anticipate 9 #ahdb t ! "t w\ld come :5 8 c\ntry1 act+ to ! full on ! advice he 0 !n giv+1 w\ld h h] /rategic railways1 n only to ! ,fr5* & ! ,russian1 b1 also1 to ! ,belgian fronti]1 & w\ld use ^? 9 ! la/-m5tion$ direction to cru% remorselessly ! little nation conc]n+ :i* he himself 0 us+ words ( su* g5]\s sympa?y & approbation4 ,! ideas & proposals put =w>d by ,pnitz 7( ^: "w a ,fr5* translation1 "u ! title ( ,essai sur les ,*em9s de ,f]1 considrs commes lignes d'oprations militaires1 0 publi%$ by ,l4 ,a4 ,ung] 9 ,p>is1 9 #ahdd7 did mu* to /imulate ! discussion ( ! g5]al "q1 :ile ! milit>y au?orities ( ,g]many 7 mov$ to make inve/igations into x on _! own acc\nt1 !re be+ issu$ 9 ,b]l91 ab\t #ahdh or #ahej1 a ,survey ( ! ,traffic & ,equipm5t ( ,g]man & ( neighb\r+ =eign ,railways = milit>y purposes1 bas$ on in=mation collect$ by ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff4#b ,9 ,france1 also1 !re 7 ^? :o1 q e>ly 9 ! days ( ! new means ( transport1 pr$ict$ ! important s]vice x 0 likely to r5d] = ! purposes ( w> no less ?an = ^? ( peace4 ,g5]al ,lam>que decl>$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,*amb] ( ,deputies 9 #ahcb1 or #ahcc1 t ! /rategical use ( railways w\ld lead to a revolution 9 milit>y sci5ce z great z t :i* _h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! use ( gunp[d]4 ,at ! sitt+ ( ! ,*amb] on ,may #be1 #ahcc1 ,m4 de ,brigny1 9 urg+ ! inconte/able importance ( railways1 said3-- ,f ! po9t ( view ( national def5ce1 :at advantages d !y n pres5t6 ,an army1 ) all its mat]ial1 c\ld1 9 a few days1 be transport$ f ! nor? to ! s\?1 f ! ea/ to ! we/1 ( ,france4 ,if a c\ntry c\ld ?us spe$ily c>ry consid]able masses ( troops to any giv5 po9t on its fronti]s1 w\ld x n become inv9cible1 & w\ld x n1 also1 be 9 a position to effect great economies 9 its milit>y exp5diture8 ,9 a fur!r debate on ,june #h1 #ahcg1 ,m4 ,dufaure decl>$ t railways _h a great] mission to fulfil ?an t ( (f]+ facilities to indu/ry or ?an t ( conf]r+ b5efits on private int]e/s4 ,0 x a matt] ( no acc\nt1 he ask$1 t !y %\ld be able 9 "o night to s5d troops to all ! fronti]s ( ,france1 f ,p>is to ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 f ,lyons to ! foot ( ! ,alps1 ) an assurance ( _! arriv+ fre% & ready = combat8 ,!n1 9 #ahdb1 ,m4 ,m>s*all1 advocat+ ! con/ruction ( a l9e f ,p>is to ,/rasburg1 pr$ict$ t any new invasion ( ,france by ,g]many w\ld mo/ probably be attempt$ betwe5 ,metz & ,/rasburg4 ,he fur!r said3-- ,x is !re t ! ,g]man ,conf$]ation is conv]g+ a =midable sy/em ( railways f ,cologne1 ,may5ce & ,mannheim4444 ,tw5ty-f\r h\rs w suffice = our neighb\rs to conc5trate on ! ,rh9e ! =ces ( ,prussia1 ,au/ria & ! ,conf$]ation1 & on ! morr[ an army ( #djj1jjj m5 c\ld invade our t]ritory by t brea* ( =ty leagues betwe5 ,?ionville & ,laut]burg1 :i* are ! outpo/s ( ,/rasburg & ,metz4 ,?ree mon?s lat]1 ! res]ve sy/em organis$ 9 ,prussia & 9 "s ( ! o!r ,g]man ,/ates w\ld all[ ( a second ,army be+ s5t ( equal =ce to ! o!r4 ,! title ( aggressive l9es giv5 by our neighb\rs to ^! railways leave u ) no room = d\bt z to _! int5tions4 ,/udies = an exp$ition aga9/ ,p>is by way ( ,lorra9e & ,*ampagne c h>dly be reg>d$ z indicative ( a s5tim5t ( frat]nity4 ,france1 h[ev]1 _h no incl9ation at t "t to build railways design$ to s]ve milit>y purposes1 :e!r f ! po9t ( view ( aggression or ev5 f t ( national def5ce2 s t 9 a lett] to 8 bro!r ,ludwig1 writt5 ,april #ac1 #ahdd1 von ,moltke1 !n a memb] ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff ( ! ,f\r? ,army ,corps ( ! ,prussian ,army1 decl>$ t :il/ ,g]many 0 build+ railways1 ! ,fr5* ,*amb] 0 only discuss+ !m4 ,?is 0 s f> ! case t :51 lat] on1 ,g]many _h ne>ly #c1cjj miles ( railway ,france 0 op]at+ only a little ov] #a1jjj miles4 ,ap>t f ! exp]i5ces1 on q a small scale1 :i* _h be5 obta9$ on ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 ! e>lie/ example ( :at railways c\ld d 9 ! transport ( l>ge bodies ( troops 0 af=d$ 9 #ahdf1 :5 ,prussia's ,six? ,army ,corps--consi/+ ( ov] #ab1jjj m51 toge!r ) horses1 guns1 road vehicles & ammunition--0 mov$ by rail1 ^u two l9es1 to ,crac[4 ,9 #ahdi a ,russian corps ( #cj1jjj m51 ) all its equipm5t1 0 tak5 by rail f its cantonm5ts 9 ,pol& to ,gd+1 ,moravia1 :5ce x effect$ a junction ) ! ,au/rian army4 ,!re 01 also1 a c]ta9 movem5t ( ,g]man troops by rail to ,s*leswig-,hol/e9 9 ! tr\bles ( #ahdh-ej2 b ( great] importance ?an ^! o!r in/ances 0 ! transport ( an ,au/rian army ( #ge1jjj m51 #h1jjj horses & #a1jjj vehicles f ,vi5na & ,hung>y to ! ,silesian fronti] 9 ! e>ly w9t] ( #ahej4 ,x is true t1 ow+ to ! comb9$ disadvantages ( s+le-l9e railways1 inadequate /aff & roll+ /ock1 unfav\rable wea!r1 lack ( previ\s prep>ations & ( transport regulations1 & delays f v>i\s un=ese5 causes1 no few] ?an tw5ty-six days 7 occupi$ 9 ! transport1 al?\gh ! j\rney 0 "o ( only ab\t #aej miles4 ,x 01 also1 admitt$ t ! troops c\ld h m>*$ ! di/ance 9 ! same "t4 ,all ! same1 z told by ,regi]ungsrat ,w]nekke1#c ! movem5t ( s l>ge a body ( troops by rail at all 0 reg>d$ z especially in/ructive4 ,x 0 ! cause ( great] att5tion be+ paid to ! use ( railways = milit>y purposes1 :ile x fur!r l$ 7#a7 to ! draw+ up1 9 ,may1 #ahea1 ( a s*eme = ! con/ruction ?r\gh\t ! ,au/rian mon>*y ( railways f ! special po9t ( view ( /rategical requirem5ts2 & 7#b7 to a reorganisation ( ! me?ods hi!rto adopt$ = ! transport ( troops by rail1 ! result be+ t ! next consid]able movem5t 9 ,au/ria--9 ! ye> #ahec--0 conduct$ ) unprec$5t$ regul>ity & effici5cy1 & ?is1 also1 )\t any cessation ( ! ord9>y traffic ( ! l9es conc]n$4 ,9 #ahea a fur!r /rik+ object lesson ( ! usefulness ( railways 0 af=d$ by ! mov+ ( a division ( #ad1ejj m51 ) ne>ly #b1jjj horses1 #dh guns & #dfd vehicles1 f ,crac[ to ,hradi%1 a di/ance ( #ahg miles1 9 two days4 ,reckon+ t a l>ge column ( troops1 ) all its imp$im5ta1 w\ld m>* twelve miles p] day1 & all[+ = "o day's re/ 9 sev51 ! movem5t w\ld1 9 ?is in/ance1 h occupi$ fifte5 days by road in/ead ( two days by rail4 ,x 0 9 ! ,italian campaign ( #ahei t railways fir/ play$ a conspicu\s "p 9 actual w>f>e1 bo? /rategically & tactically4 ,9 ?is campaign1 said ,major ,mill>1 ,r4,a41 ,v4,c41 ( ! ,topographical ,/aff1 9 two lectures deliv]$ by him at ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution 9 #ahfad-- ,railways assi/$ ! ord9>y means ( locomotion hi!rto employ$ by armies4 ,by !m ?\s&s ( m5 7 c>ri$ daily ?r\gh ,france to ,t\lon1 ,m>seilles1 or ! foot ( ,mont ,c5is2 by !m troops 7 ha/5$ up to ! v fields ( battle2 & by !m injur$ m5 7 br\ght swiftly back to ! hospitals1 /ill groan+ 9 ! fir/ agony ( _! w\nds4 ,moreov]1 ! railway cutt+s1 embankm5ts & bridges pres5t$ features ( importance equal or sup]ior to ! ord9>y accid5ts ( ! gr\nd1 & ! possession ( :i* 0 hotly conte/$4 ,if y g to ,mag5ta y w see1 close to ! railway plat=m on :i* y alight1 an excavation full ( r\gh m\nds & simple black crosses1 erect$ to m>k ! re/+-places ( _m hundr$ m5 :o fell 9 ! great fight4 ,?is fir/ employm5t ( railways 9 close connection ) va/ milit>y op]ations w\ld alone be en\gh to give a di/9ction to ?is campaign 9 milit>y hi/ory4 ,! ,fr5* railways1 especially1 atta9$ a rem>kable degree ( success4 ,9 eighty-six days--f ,april #ai to ,july #ae--!y transport$ an aggregate ( #fjd1jjj m5 & ov] #abi1jjj horses1 includ+ ne>ly #bbh1jjj m5 & #cg1jjj horses s5t to ,culox1 ,m>seilles1 ,t\lon1 ,gr5oble & ,aix by l9es 9 ! s\?-ea/4 ,! greate/ movem5ts took place dur+ ! t5 days f ,april #bj to ,april #cj1 :5 ! ,p>is-,lyons ,company1 )\t int]rupt+ ! ord9>y traffic1 convey$ an av]age p] day ( #h1dba m5 & #eab horses4 ,on ,april #be1 a maximum ( #ab1ach m5 & #fee horses 0 atta9$4 ,dur+ ! eighty-six days !re 7 run on ! l9es ( ! same company a total ( #b1fcf tra9s1 includ+ #bec milit>y specials4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t ! #ge1iff m5 & #d1dfi horses transport$ by rail f ,p>is to ! ,m$it]ranean or to ! fronti]s ( ! ,k+dom ( ,s>d9ia betwe5 ,april #bj & ,april #cj w\ld h tak5 sixty days to make ! j\rney by road4 ,9 effect1 ! rate ( transit by rail 0 six times great] ?an ! rate ( progress by m>*+ w\ld h be51 & ?is1 aga91 0 ab\t d\ble z fa/ z ! be/ a*ievem5t record$ up to t "t on ! ,g]man railways4 ,! ,*asseurs de ,v9c5nes are describ$ z leav+ ! /ation at ,tur9 full ( vig\r & activity1 & ) none ( ! fatigue or ! r$uction 9 numb]s :i* w\ld h occurr$ _h !y made ! j\rney by road4 ,z aga9/1 h[ev]1 ! advantage ?us ga9$ by ! quick] transport ( ! ,fr5* troops to ! seat ( w>1 due to ! successful mann] 9 :i* ! railways 7 op]at$1 !re _h to be set "s s]i\s defects 9 adm9i/rative organisation4 ,:5 ! m5 got to ! end ( _! rail j\rney !re 0 a m or less prolong$ wait+ = ! food & o!r necess>ies :i* 7 to foll[4 ,!re 7 grave defici5cies1 also1 9 ! dispat* ( ! subsequ5t supplies4 ,on ,june #be1 ! day aft] ! defeat ( ! ,au/rians1 ! ,fr5* troops _h no provisions at all = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 except "s biscuits :i* 7 s m\ldy t no "o c\ld eat !m4 ,_! horses1 also1 7 )\t fodd]4 ,9 ^! circum/ances x 0 impossible to foll[ up ! ,au/rians 9 _! retreat beyond ! ,m9cio4 ,?us ! effici5cy ( ! ,fr5* railways 0 to a l>ge ext5t negativ$ by ! ineffici5cy ( ! milit>y adm9i/ration2 & 9 ^! respects ,france _h a =eta/e1 9 #ahei1 ( exp]i5ces to be repeat$ on a mu* grav] scale 9 ! ,franco-,g]man ,w> ( #ahgj-ga4 ,z reg>ds ! ,au/rians1 !y improv$ b little on _! admitt$ly poor p]=mance 9 #ahej1 9 spite ( ! lessons !y appe>$ to h le>n$ z ! result ( _! exp]i5ces on t occasion4 ,gov]nm5t & railways 7 alike unprep>$4 ,little or no real attempt at organisation 9 "t ( peace _h be5 made1 &1 9 ! result1 tra9s 7 delay$ or block$1 & /ations got *ok$ ) masses ( supplies :i* c\ld n be =w>d$4 ,at ,vi5na !re 0 su* a defici5cy ( roll+ /ock--accel]at$ by great delays 9 ! return ( empties--t _m ( ! troop tra9s = ! ,s\? c\ld n be made up until ! la/ mom5t4 ,ev5 !n ! av]age numb] ( m5 !y convey$ did n exce$ ab\t #cfj4 ,at ,laiba* !re 0 mu* conge/ion because troops _h to wait !re = in/ructions z to _! actual de/9ation4 ,o!r delays occurr$ because1 ow+ to ! heavy gradi5ts ( ! ,semm]+ ,pass1 ea* tra9 _h to be divid$ into ?ree sections be=e x c\ld proce$4 ,betwe51 aga91 ,innsbruck & ,boz5 ! railway 0 /ill incomplete1 & ! ,fir/ ,corps 7ab\t #dj1jjj m5 & #aj1jjj horses7 _h to m>* betwe5 ^! two po9ts on _! j\rney f ,prague to ,v]ona4 ,not)/&+ ?is fact1 x 0 e/imat$ t !y cov]$ 9 f\rte5 days a j\rney :i* w\ld h tak5 sixty-f\r days if !y _h m>*$ all ! way4 ,f ,vi5na to ,lomb>dy ! ,?ird ,army ,corps 7#bj1jjj m51 #e1ejj horses1 ) guns1 ammunition & #cjj wagons7 0 c>ri$ by rail 9 f\rte5 days1 ! rate ( progress atta9$ be+ f\r & a half times great] ?an by road m>*+1 ?\gh /ill inf]ior by "o & a half times to :at ! ,fr5* troop-tra9s _h accompli%$4 ,on bo? sides important re9=cem5ts 7 br\ght up at critical p]iods dur+ ! progress ( ! w>4 ,ref]r+ to ! attacks by ! allies on ,ca/eggio & ,montebello1 ,c\nt ,gyulai1 ! ,au/rian ,g5]al1 wrote3--,! enemy soon display$ a sup]ior =ce1 :i* 0 cont9ually increas$ by arrivals f ! railway2 & ! special correspond5t ( ,! ,times1 writ+ f ,pavia on ,may #ba1 #ahei1 said3-- ,f ! heights ( ,montebello ! ,au/rians beheld a novelty 9 ! art ( w>4 ,tra9 aft] tra9 arriv$ by railway f ,vogh]a1 ea* tra9 disgorg+ its hundr$s ( arm$ m5 & imm$iately ha/5+ back = m4 ,9 va9 ,c\nt ,/adion endeav\r$ to cru% ! =ce beh9d him be=e x c\ld be increas$ en\gh to ov]p[] him4 ,!n1 also1 ! good use made ( ! railways by ! allies 9 c>ry+ out _! important flank+ movem5t aga9/ ! ,au/rians at ,v]celli gave fur!r evid5ce ( ! fact t rail-p[] 0 a new =ce :i* c\ld be employ$1 n alone = ! e>li] conc5tration ( troops at ! seat ( w>1 b1 also1 9 support ( /rategic developm5ts on ! battle-field itself4 ,comm5t+ on ?is fact ! ,spectateur ,militaire said1 9 its issue = ,septemb]1 #ahfi3-- ,les *em9s de f] ont j\ un rle imm5se dans cette conc5tration4 ,c'e/ la premire fois que1 dans l'hi/oire militaire1 ils s]v5t d'une manire aussi m]veilleuse et entr5t dans les comb9aisons /ratgiques4 ,:ile ^! obs]vations 7 fully w>rant$ by ! results accompli%$ 9 reg>d to conc5tration1 re9=cem5ts & tactical movem5ts by rail1 ! campaign also br\ght out m cle>ly ?an ev] be=e ! ne$1 if railways 7 to fulfil _! greate/ possible measure ( utility 9 "t ( w>1 ( work+ out 9 advance all important details likely to arise 9 connection ) ! movem5t ( troops1 in/ead--z 9 ! case ( ! ,au/rians1 at lea/--( neglect+ any s]i\s attempt at organisation until ! ne$ arose = imm$iate action4 ,f all ^! v>i\s po9ts ( view ! ,italian campaign ( #ahei m>k$ a fur!r important /age 9 ! e>ly developm5t ( t new factor :i* ! employm5t ( railways = ! purposes ( w>f>e repres5t$2 ?\gh f> great] results 9 ! same direction 7 to be br\ght ab\t1 %ortly aft]w>ds1 by ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> ( #ahfa-fe4 ,n only does ! real developm5t ( rail-p[] z a new arm 9 w> date !refrom1 b ! ,w> ( ,secession 0 to e/abli% 9 a pre-em95t degree 7#a7 ! possibility1 ?r\gh ! use ( railways1 ( c>ry+ on op]ations at a consid]able di/ance f ! base ( supplies2 7#b7 ! ne$ ( a special organisation to deal alike ) re/oration ( railway l9es de/roy$ by ! enemy & ) ! int]ruption1 9 turn1 ( ! enemy's own communications2 & 7#c7 ! difficulties t may arise z betwe5 ! milit>y elem5t & ! te*nical 7railway7 elem5t 9 reg>d to ! control & op]ation ( railways dur+ w>4 ,to ea* ( ^! subjects x is propos$ to devote a sep>ate *apt]4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,9 #ahdg "o ( ! lead+ milit>y writ]s 9 ,g]many publi%$ a pamphlet 9 :i* he s\ght to prove t ! be/-organis$ railway c\ld n c>ry #aj1jjj ,infantry a di/ance equal to sixty ,engli% miles 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,z = ! conveyance ( ,cavalry & ,artill]y by tra91 he decl>$ t ?is w\ld be a %e] impossibility4 #b ,ueb]si*t des ,v]kehrs und d] ,betriebsmittel auf d5 inlndis*5 und d5 b5a*b>t5 auslndis*5 ,eis5bahn5 fr militris*5 ,zwecke2 na* dem beim gross5 ,g5]al/abe vorh&5 ,mat]ial5 zusamm5 ge/ellt4 #c ,die ,mitwirkung d] ,eis5bahn an d5 ,krieg5 9 ,mitteleuropa4 ,ar*iv fr ,eis5bahnwes51 ,juli und ,augu/1 #aiab4 #d ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 vol4 v1 pp4 #bfi-cjh4 ,london1 #ahfa4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,railways ,,9 ,,! ,,civil ,,w> ,su* 7 ! conditions "u :i* ! ,w> ( ,secession 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 f\ght t )\t ! help ( railways x c\ld h>dly h be5 f\ght at all4 ,! area ( ! milit>y op]ations1 f fir/ to la/1 0 equal 9 ext5t almo/ to ! :ole ( ,europe4 ,! l9e ( sep>ation betwe5 ! rival =ces ( ,nor? & ,s\? 0 fully #b1jjj miles4 ,l>ge portions ( ?is region 7 !n unexplor$4 ,ev]y:]e1 except 9 ! t[ns1 x 0 b ?9ly populat$4 ,civilisation _h n yet progress$ s f> t an advanc+ army c\ld always dep5d on be+ able to live on ! c\ntry4 ,!re 7 occasions :5 local supplies ( food & =age 7 s difficult ( atta9m5t t an army might be :olly dep5d5t on a base hundr$s ( miles di/ant f ! sc5e ( its op]ations4 ,( roads & tracks ?r\gh\t ?is va/ area !re 7 b few1 & ^! 7 mo/ly ei!r indiff]5t or bad1 ev5 if !y did n become positively execrable 9 wet wea!r or aft] a consid]able =ce ( troops _h pass$ along !m4 ,9 ! l[-ly+ di/ricts1 especially1 ! alluvial undra9$ soil 0 spe$ily conv]t$ by ! w9t] floods into swamps & lakes4 ,fur!r difficulties 9 ! movem5t ( troops 7 (f]$ by pa?less =e/s z l>ge z an ,engli% c\nty2 & /ill o!rs by ! broad riv]s or ! m\nta9 ranges x might be necess>y to cross4 ,ap>t f ! defici5t & defective roads & tracks1 ! transport facilities available = ! combatants 7 ^? af=d$ by coa/al s]vices1 navigable riv]s1 canals & railways4 ,( ^! x 0 ! railways t play$ ! mo/ important rle4 ,! ,am]ican railway l9es ( ^? days _h1 g5]ally speak+1 be5 con/ruct$ z *eaply z possible by ! private ent]prise :i*--?\gh ) lib]al grants ( l& & o!r advantages--alone und]took _! provision1 ! ma9 idea be+ to supply a railway ( "s sort to satisfy imm$iate wants & to improve x lat] on1 :5 population & traffic increas$ & m funds 7 available4 ,! l9es !mselves 7 mo/ly s+le track2 ! balla/+ 0 too (t5 imp]fect2 iron rails ( inadequate weight soon wore d[n & got out ( %ape2 sleep]s 7o!rwise ties71 :i* consi/$ ( logs ( wood br\ght /raight f ! =e/s1 spe$ily became rott51 especially 9 l[-ly+ di/ricts2 :ile1 9 ! e>ly ',sixties lumb]1 us$ ei!r 9 ! r\gh or smoo!d on two sides1 0 /ill ! cu/om>y mat]ial = ! build+ ( bridges & viaducts c>ry+ ! railways across n>r[ /reams1 broad riv]s or widespread valleys4 ,all ! same1 ^! railways1 :ile await+ _! lat] bett]m5t1 ext5d$ = long di/ances1 s]v$ z a connect+ l9k ( ine/imable advantage betwe5 ! v>i\s c5tres ( population & production1 & (f]$ 9 _m in/ances ! only practicable means by :i* troops & supplies c\ld be mov$4 ,!y fulfill$1 9 fact1 purposes ( su* vital importance f a /rategical po9t ( view t _m battles 7 f\ght prim>ily = ! control ( p>ticul> railways1 = ! safegu>d+ ( l9es ( communication1 or = ! possession1 m especially1 ( important junctions1 "s ( :i* !mselves became ! base = m or less di/ant op]ations4 ,! ,nor?1 b5t n simply on invasion b on reconque/ ( ! ,/ates :i* _h sec$$1 necess>ily took ! (f5sive2 ! ,s\? /ood mo/ly on ! def5sive4 ,yet :ile ! population 9 ! ,nor? 0 f> 9 excess ( t 9 ! ,s\?1 ! initial advantages f a transport po9t ( view 7 9 fav\r ( ! ,s\?1 :i* f\nd its pr9cipal ally 9 ! railways4 ,g5]als 9 ! ,nor? are1 inde$1 said to h be5 exce$+ly *>y1 at fir/1 9 gett+ f> away f ! magaz9es !y dep5d$ on = _! supplies2 ?\gh ?is uneas9ess wore (f 9 proportion z organis$ ef=t %[$ h[ successfully ! l9es ( rail communication c\ld be def5d$4 ,9 ^! & o!r circum/ances1 & especially 9 view ( ! p>am\nt importance ! railway sy/em 0 to assume 9 ! conduct ( ! w>1 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t took possession ( ! ,philadelphia1 ,wilm+ton & ,baltimore ,railway on ,m>* #ca1 #ahfa4 ,?is prelim9>y measure 0 foll[$ by ! pass+1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfb1 by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ( ,an ,act to au?orise ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 c]ta9 cases to take possession ( railroad & telegraph l9es1 & = o!r purposes4 ,! ,presid5t1 :5 9 8 judgm5t ! public safety may require x1 0 to take possession ( any or all ! telegraph l9es 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 444 to take possession ( any or all ! railroad l9es 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 _! roll+ /ock1 _! (fices1 %ops1 build+s & all _! app5dages & appurt5ances2 to prescribe rules & regulations = ! hold+1 us+1 & ma9ta9+ ( ! a=esaid telegraph & railroad l9es1 & to ext5d1 repair & complete ! same 9 ! mann] mo/ conducive to ! safety & int]e/ ( ! ,gov]nm5t2 to place "u milit>y control all ! (fic]s1 ag5ts & employs belong+ to ! telegraph & railroad l9es ?us tak5 possession ( by ! ,presid5t1 s t !y %all be consid]$ z a po/ road & a "p ( ! milit>y e/abli%m5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 subject to all ! re/rictions impos$ by ! ,rules & ,articles ( ,w>4 ,commission]s 7 to be appo9t$ to assess & det]m9e ! damages suff]$1 or ! comp5sation to :i* any railroad or telegraph company might be entitl$ by reason ( su* seizure ( _! prop]ty2 & x 0 fur!r enact$ t ! transportation ( troops1 munitions ( w>1 equipm5ts1 milit>y prop]ty & /ores1 ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %\ld be "u ! imm$iate control & sup]vision ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w> & su* ag5ts z he might appo9t4 ,?us ! ,act 9 "q e/abli%$ a prec$5t = a ,gov]nm5t tak+ =mal possession (1 & ex]cis+ complete au?ority & control ov]1 ! :ole ( su* railways z x might require to employ = ! purposes ( w>2 al?\gh1 9 po9t ( fact1 only su* l9es1 or portions ( l9es1 7 s tak5 ov] by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t z 7 actually requir$4 ,9 ea* in/ance1 also1 ! l9e or portion ( l9e 9 "q 0 giv5 back to ! own+ company z soon z x 0 no long] requir$ = milit>y purposes2 :ile at ! conclusion ( ! w> all ! l9es tak5 possession ( by ! ,gov]nm5t 7 =mally re/or$ to _! orig9al own]s by an ,executive ,ord] dat$ ,augu/ #h1 #ahfe4 ,"u ! au?ority ( ! ,act ( ,janu>y #ca1 #ahfb1 ! foll[+ ord] 0 s5t to ,mr4 ,daniel ,craig ,mc,callum1 a native ( ,john/one1 ,r5frew%ire1 ,scotl&1 :o _h be5 tak5 to ,am]ica by 8 p>5ts :5 a y\?1 _h jo9$ ! railway s]vice1 _h held = _m ye>s ! position ( g5]al sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,erie ,railroad1 & 0 "o ( ! able/ & mo/ exp]i5c$ railway m5 !n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3-- ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t4 ,wa%+ton ,city1 ,d4,c41 ,febru>y #aa1 #ahfb4 ,ord]$1 ,t ,d4 ,c4 ,mc,callum be1 & he is h]eby1 appo9t$ ,milit>y ,director & ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,railroads 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) au?ority to ent] ^u1 take possession (1 hold & use all railroads1 eng9es1 c>s1 locomotives1 equipm5ts1 app5dages & appurt5ances t may be requir$ = ! transport ( troops1 arms1 ammunition & milit>y supplies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to d & p]=m all acts & ?+s t may be necess>y & prop] to be done = ! safe & spe$y transport a=esaid4 ,by ord] ( ! ,presid5t1 ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,army & ,navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,edw9 ,m4 ,,/anton1 ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,mc,callum comm5c$ 8 duties ) ! /aff rank ( ,colonel1 aft]w>ds atta9+ to t ( ,brev4-,brig4-,g5]al4 ,! scope ( ! au?ority conf]r$ on him1 "u ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t ord] ( ,febru>y #aa1 #ahfb1 0 wid5$ a ye> lat]1 :5 he 0 fur!r appo9t$ g5]al manag] ( all railways 9 possession ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 or t might f "t to "t be tak5 possession ( by milit>y au?ority1 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( ! ,cumb]l&1 ! ,ohio1 ! ,t5nessee1 & ( ,arkansas1 =m+ ! ,milit>y ,division ( ! ,mississippi4 ,! total mileage ( ! l9es tak5 ov] by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w> 0 #b1aje1 namely1 9 ,virg9ia1 #faa miles2 9 ! milit>y division ( ! ,mississippi1 #a1bja2 & 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #bic4 ,mu* m 0 involv$1 h[ev]1 = ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t ?an a m]e transf] to !mselves ( ! own]%ip & op]ation ( ^! l9es = ! duration ( ! w>4 ,"o ( ! greate/ disadvantages ( ! ,am]ican railways at ! "t ( ! ,civil ,w> lay 9 _! diff]5ces ( gauge4 ,! v>i\s companies _h built _! l9es ) gauges *os5 ei!r to suit local conditions or accord+ to ! views ( _! own eng9e]s1 ) little or no consid]ation = ! runn+ ( ?r\gh traffic on or f o!r l9es4 ,!re 71 9 fact1 at t "t gauges ( #f ft41 #e ft4 #f 941 #e ft41 #d ft4 #aj 941 #d ft4 #i 941 #d ft4 #h 94 7! /&>d ,engli% gauge71 & v>i\s n>r[] gauges besides4 ,^! conditions prevail$ until #ahff1 :5 ! companies adopt$ a uni=m gauge ( #d ft4 #h 94 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> ! lack ( uni=mity 0 9 full =ce1 & milit>y transport by rail 0 greatly complicat$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,m ?an "o-half ( ! l9es tak5 ov] & op]at$ _h a gauge ( #e ft41 & ! rema9d] _h a gauge ( #d ft4 #h 941 except 9 ! case ( "o %ort l9e1 :i* 0 #e ft4 #f 94 ,z locomotives & roll+ /ock adapt$ to "o gauge 7 unsuit$ to any o!r1 ! obligations fall+ ^u ! ,director & ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,f$]al ,milit>y ,railways includ$ t ( tak+ up ! l9es ( c]ta9 companies :i* _h adopt$ ! #e ft4 gauge1 & relay+ !m ) ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge1 s t ! same roll+ /ock c\ld be us$ z on l9es connect+ ) !m4 ,incid5tally1 !re=e1 ! ,civil ,w> 9 ,am]ica taught ! lesson t ! actual value ( rail-p[] z influ5c+ w>f>e 9 "o & ! same c\ntry1 or on "o & ! same cont95t1 may v>y mat]ially accord+ to :e!r !re is uni=mity or div]sity ( railway gauge4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances ! l9es tak5 possession ( 7 9 s defective a condition t x 0 imp]atively necess>y to relay !m1 ap>t altoge!r f any "q ( gauge4 ,:5 ,mc,callum 0 appo9t$ ,g5]al ,manag] ( ,milit>y ,railways = ! ,division ( ! ,mississippi1 ! ma9 army 0 at ,*attanooga1 ,t5nessee1 & its supplies 7 be+ receiv$ f ,na%ville1 #aea miles di/ant1 ov] ! ,na%ville & ,*attanooga ,railroad4 ,?is 0 necess>ily ! ma9 l9e ( supply dur+ ! subsequ5t campaigns f ,*attanooga t[>ds ,atlanta1 & f ,knoxville t[>ds ,s\?-we/]n ,virg9ia2 yet ,mc,callum says ( x1 9 ! ,f9al ,report he pres5t$ to ! ,secret>y ( ,w> 9 #ahff3-- ,! track 0 laid orig9ally 9 a v imp]fect mann]1 ) a light ,u-rail on wood5 /r+]s :i* 7 badly decay$ & caus$ almo/ daily accid5ts by spread+ ap>t & lett+ ! eng9es & c>s drop ?r\gh !m4 ,9 /ill o!r in/ances1 l9es :i*1 ?\gh begun1 7 n f9i%$1 _h to be complet$2 9 o!rs new l9es _h to be con/ruct$ ?r\gh\t1 or ext5sive sid+s provid$2 s t once m we see t x 0 n !n simply a "q ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t tak+ possession ( & op]at+ an exi/+ complete & effici5t sy/em ( railways4 ,:atev]1 aga91 ! condition ( ! l9es :5 tak5 ov]1 ! railways ( bo? combatants 7 subject$ to con/ant attack by ! o!r side ) a view to ! int]ruption ( communications1 ! de/ruction ( railway track1 railway bridges1 roll+ /ock & o!r railway prop]ty be+ enorm\s4 ,review+ ! g5]al situation at ?is "t1 ,mc,callum says 9 8 report3-- ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! w> milit>y railroads 7 an exp]im5t2 & ?\gh "s light z to _! managem5t _h be5 glean$ by ! op]ations ( #ahfb & #ahfc1 yet s little progress _h be5 made t ! attempt to supply ! army ( ,g5]al ,%]man 9 ! field1 con/ruct & recon/ruct ! railroad 9 its re>1 & keep pace ) its m>*1 0 reg>d$ by ^? :o _h ! l>ge/ exp]i5ce1 & :o _h become mo/ famili> ) ! subject1 z ! greate/ exp]im5t ( all4 ,! attempt to furni% an army ( #ajj1jjj m5 & #fj1jjj animals ) supplies f a base #cfj miles di/ant by "o l9e ( s+le-track railroad1 locat$ almo/ ! entire di/ance ?r\gh ! c\ntry ( an active & v9dictive enemy1 is )\t prec$5t 9 ! hi/ory ( w>f>e2 & to make x successful requir$ an enorm\s outlay = lab\r & a va/ consumption ( mat]ial1 toge!r ) all ! =e?\ght1 en]gy1 pati5ce & wat*fulness ( :i* m5 are capable4 ,to meet ! v>i\s conditions :i* _h ?us aris51 ,mc,callum 0 au?oris$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to create two di/9ct dep>tm5ts1 de/9$ to br+ ab\t a /ill fur!r developm5t 9 ! application ( rail-p[] to w> by e/abli%+ prec$5ts :i* ! lead+ c\ntries ( ! _w 7 aft]w>ds to foll[ m or less completely1 accord+ to _! own circum/ances & requirem5ts4 ,! dep>tm5ts 7 kn[n respectively z ! ,transportation ,dep>tm5t1 embrac+ ! op]ation & ma9t5ance ( all ! l9es br\ght "u use by ! army ( ! ,nor?2 & ! ,con/ruction ,corps1 :i* 0 to repair ! damage done by wreck+ p>ties ( ! enemy1 ma9ta9 l9es ( communication1 & recon/ruct1 :5 necess>y1 railways captur$ f ! enemy z ! ,f$]als advanc$4 ,conc]n+ ! ,con/ruction ,corps1 & ! great "w accompli%$ by x 9 keep+ ! l9es op51 details w be giv5 9 ! *apt] :i* foll[s4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,transportation ,dep>tm5t1 x may be ( int]e/ to /ate t ?is 0 plac$ by ,mc,callum 9 *>ge ( a ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,transportation on ,unit$ ,/ates ,railroads 9 ! ,milit>y ,division ( ! ,mississippi4 ,= ea* ( ! pr9cipal l9es !re 0 appo9t$ a ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,transportation :o1 act+ "u ! control ( ! ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t1 0 held responsible = ! movem5t ( all tra9s & locomotives2 & ^! sup]9t5d5ts1 9 turn1 _h "u _! direction "o or m ,ma/]s ( ,transportation1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to be con/antly mov+ ab\t ov] ! sections ( l9e plac$ "u _! *>ge1 & see t ! railway employs 7 att5d+ prop]ly to _! duties4 ,at ea* ( ! pr9cipal /ations !re 0 an ,eng9e ,dispat*] :o 0 requir$ to see t ! locomotives 7 kept 9 good ord] & ready = imm$iate use :5ev] requir$1 to ex]cise control ov] ! driv]s & firem51 & to assign ! requisite crew to ea* eng9e s5t out4 ,ma9t5ance ( road & /ructures = ea* l9e 7z di/9ct f ! recon/ruction "w left to ! ,con/ruction ,dep>tm5t7 0 9 *>ge ( a ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,repairs1 assi/$ by su* sup]visors1 road-ma/]s & =em5 z he ne$$ to control & direct 8 work+ /aff2 & ma9t5ance ( roll+ /ock 0 delegat$ to 7#a7 a ,ma/] ,ma*9i/1 responsible = repairs to locomotives1 & 7#b7 a ,ma/] ( ,c> ,repairs4 ,^! v>i\s (fic]s 7 indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 & all ( !m report$ direct to ! ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,! maximum =ce employ$ at any "o "t 9 ! ,transportation ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,milit>y ,division ( ! ,mississippi 7z di/9ct f ! milit>y l9es 9 ,virg9ia & else:]e7 0 ab\t #ab1jjj m54 ,a suffici5t /aff ( compet5t railwaym5 = ! op]ation ( ! ,milit>y ,railways 0 difficult to get1 p>tly because ( ! inadequate supply ( su* m5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at t p]iod1 & p>tly because ^? /ill at "w on railways n tak5 ov] = milit>y purposes 7 unwill+ to give up :at !y f\nd to be exceptionally good po/s2 b ( ! m5 ^: s]vices he 0 able to secure ,mc,callum speaks 9 t]ms ( ! highe/ comm5dation4 ,hav+ got 8 ,dep>tm5t & ,con/ruction ,corps into work+ ord]1 ,mc,callum _h next to turn 8 att5tion to ensur+ an adequate supply ( locomotives & c>s1 ) ! necess>y %ops1 tools & mat]ials = keep+ !m 9 work+ ord]4 ,"h ! ,secret>y ( ,w> aga9 came to 8 help1 issu+1 on ,m>* #bc1 #ahfd1 an ,ord] address$ to locomotive manufactur]s 9 :i* he /at$ t ,colonel ,mc,callum _h be5 au?oris$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t to procure locomotives )\t delay = ! railways "u 8 *>ge1 & proce$$3-- ,9 ord] to meet ! wants ( ! ,milit>y ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 y w deliv] to 8 ord] su* eng9es z he may direct1 :e!r build+ "u ord]s = o!r p>ties or o!rwise1 ! ,gov]nm5t be+ acc\ntable to y = ! same4 ,! urg5t necessity ( ! ,gov]nm5t = ! imm$iate supply ( our armies op]at+ 9 ,t5nessee r5d]s ! eng9es indisp5sable = ! equipm5t ( ! l9es ( communication1 & x is hop$ t ?is necessity w be recognis$ by y z a milit>y necessity1 p>am\nt to all o!r consid]ations4--,by ord] ( ! ,presid5t4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahfd1 ,mc,callum _h e/imat$ t he w\ld require #bjj locomotives & #c1jjj c>s = ! l9es to be op]at$ f ,na%ville1 & t[>ds ?is numb] he !n _h only #dg locomotives & #dcg c>s available4 ,!re 0 ?us a sub/antial %ortage :i* _h to be made good2 b ! manufactur]s1 inspir$ by a _s ( zeal\s patriotism1 respond$ he>tily to ! appeal made to !m1 putt+ _! full =ce on to ! completion ( fur!r supplies4 ,^! 7 furni%$ ) a spe$ t surpass$ all previ\s records4 ,!n1 to ma9ta9 ! locomotives & c>s 9 good condition--m especially 9 view ( ! con/ant attempts made by ! enemy to de/roy !m--ext5sive ma*9e & c> %ops 7 built at ,na%ville & ,*attanooga4 ,^? at ,na%ville--! t]m9al /ation = #ejj miles ( railway runn+ s\?1 ea/ or we/--_h1 at times1 z _m z #ajj eng9es & #a1jjj c>s await+ repair4 ,next to t insuffici5cy ( eng9es & roll+ /ock :i* hamp]$ ! movem5ts ( bo? combatants came ! difficulty 9 ! way ( obta9+ fur!r supplies ( rails1 :e!r = new l9es or to take ! place ( ^? :i* _h ei!r worn out or be5 s b5t & twi/$ by ! enemy t !y c\ld n be us$ aga9 )\t re-roll+4 ,= ! ,conf$]ates1 cut (f by ! advance ( ,g5]al ,grant to ! s\? & we/ f _! s\rces ( supply1 ! want ( iron = new rails 0 decl>$ to be a worse evil ?an 0 ! lack ( gold = ! ,f$]als4 ,"o exp$i5t resort$ to by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 on f9d+ !y c\ld n procure f ! manufactur]s all ! rails !y want$1 0 to pull up ! railway l9es t 7 n want$ = milit>y purposes & use _! rails = relay+ ^? t 74 ,altoge!r ! rails on ov] #aef miles ( track 9 ,virg9ia & ! ,milit>y ,division ( ! ,mississippi 7 ?us tak5 up & utilis$ else:]e4 ,lat] on ! ,f$]al ,con/ruction ,corps erect$ at ,*attanooga "s v sup]ior roll+ mills1 equipp$ ) all ! late/ improvem5ts 9 ! way ( ma*9]y & me*anical appliances2 ?\gh ^! mills did n actually get to "w until ,april #a1 #ahfe4 ,_! production ( new rails dur+ ! c\rse ( six mon?s f t date 0 #c1hah tons1 ?is supply be+ 9 addition to ne>ly #bb1jjj tons :i* ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t obta9$ by pur*ase4 ,^! details may convey "s idea ( all t 0 involv$ 9 ! utilisation ( rail-p[] 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> "u su* developm5t ( railway con/ruction z _h !n be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,great1 h[ev]1 z 0 ! outlay1 ! =e?\ght1 ! en]gy1 ! pati5ce & ! wat*fulness spok5 ( by ,mc,callum1 ! results 7 no less valuable f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,f$]als1 :o c\ld h>dly h hop$ to a*ieve ! aim !y set be=e !mselves--t ( sav+ ! ,union--b = ! mat]ial advantages !y d]iv$ f ! use ( ! railways = ! purposes ( ! campaign4 ,"s ( ! a*ievem5ts accompli%$ 9 ! movem5t ( troops f "o "p ( ! !atre ( w> to ano!r w\ld h be5 cr$itable ev5 9 ! mo/ fav\rable ( circum/ances2 b !y 7 especially s 9 view alike ( ! physical conditions ( _m ( ! l9es1 ! inadequate supply ( roll+ /ock1 & ! risks & difficulties to be met or ov]come4 ,"o ( ^! a*ievem5ts1 c>ri$ out 9 ,septemb]1 #ahfc1 is ?us n>rat$ 9 an article on ,recollections ( ,secret>y ,/anton1 publi%$ 9 ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e = ,m>*1 #ahhg3-- ,! defeat ( ,rosecrans1 at ,*ickamauga1 0 believ$ at ,wa%+ton to imp]il ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 & ! ,secret>y ( ,w> 0 urg$ to s5d a /rong re9=cem5t !re f ! ,army ( ! ,potomac4 ,g5]al ,halleck 7,g5]al-9-,*ief ( ! ,army ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 cont5d$ t x 0 impossible to get an effective re9=cem5t !re 9 "t2 & ! ,presid5t1 aft] he>+ bo? sides1 accept$ ! judgm5t ( ,halleck4 ,mr4 ,/anton put (f ! decision till ev5+1 :5 he & ,halleck 7 to be ready ) details to support _! conclusions4 ,! ,secret>y !n s5t = ,colonel ,mc,callum1 :o 0 nei!r a lawy] nor a /rategi/1 b a ma/] ( railway sci5ce4 ,he %[$ ,mc,callum h[ _m (fic]s1 m51 horses1 & pieces ( artill]y1 & h[ mu* baggage1 x 0 propos$ to move f ! ,rapidan to ! ,t5nessee1 & ask$ him to "n ! %orte/ "t he w\ld und]take to d x 9 if 8 life dep5d$ on x4 ,mc,callum made "s rapid calculations1 jott$ d[n "s projects connect$ ) ! move1 & nam$ a "t )9 t :i* ,halleck _h admitt$ w\ld be soon en\gh if x 7 only possible2 ?is "t be+ condition$ on 8 be+ able to control ev]y?+ t he c\ld rea*4 ,! ,secret>y 0 delight$1 told him t he w\ld make him a ,brigadi]-,g5]al ! day t ! la/ tra9 0 safely unload$2 put him on 8 mettle by tell+ him ( ,halleck's ass]tion t ! ?+ 0 beyond human p[]2 told him to g & "w out f9al calculations & projects & to beg9 prelim9>y measures1 us+ 8 "n & au?ority ev]y:]e2 & f9ally in/ruct$ him :at to d & say :5 he %\ld s5d = him by & by to come ov] to ! dep>tm5t4 ,:5 ! conf]5ce 0 resum$ & ,mc,callum 0 introduc$1 8 app>5tly spontane\s demon/ration ( h[ easily & surely ! impossible ?+ c\ld be done conv9c$ ! two sceptics1 & ! movem5t 0 ord]$1 & made1 & figures n[ 9 milit>y sci5ce z a gr& piece ( /rategy4 ,! feat ?us accompli%$ 0 t ( convey+ by rail #bc1jjj m51 toge!r ) artill]y1 road vehicles1 etc41 a di/ance ( ab\t #a1bjj miles 9 sev5 days4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t if ! troops _h _h to m>* ?is di/ance1 ) all _! imp$im5ta1 along su* roads z 7 !n available1 ! j\rney w\ld h tak5 !m ?ree mon?s4 ,by do+ x 9 "o week !y sav$ ! situation 9 ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 & !y gave an especially conv9c+ pro( ( ! success ) :i* a gr& piece ( /rategy c\ld be c>ri$ out ?r\gh ! employm5t ( rail transport4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahfd1 ,g5]al ,s*(ield's corps ( #ae1jjj m51 aft] fight+ at ,na%ville 9 ! mid/ ( ice & sn[1 01 on ! conclusion ( ! campaign 9 ! we/1 transf]r$ f ! valley ( ! ,t5nessee to ! banks ( ! ,potomac1 mov+ by riv] & rail d[n ! ,t5nessee1 up ! ,ohio & across ! sn[-cov]$ ,alleghanies1 a di/ance ( #a1djj miles1 accompli%$ 9 ! %ort space ( elev5 days4 ,9 #ahfe ! mov+ ( ! ,f\r? ,army ,corps ( ! ,f$]als f ,c>t]'s ,/ation1 ,ea/ ,t5nessee1 to ,na%ville1 a di/ance ( #cgc miles1 involv$ ! employm5t ( #a1dih c>s4 ,:at1 9 effect1 ! ,civil ,w> 9 ,am]ica did 9 fur!r+ ! developm5t ( ! rail-p[] pr9ciple 9 w>f>e 0 to %[ t1 by ! use ( railways1 7#a7 ! fight+ p[] ( armies is increas$2 7#b7 /rategical advantages unatta9able b = ! e>ly arrival ( re9=cem5ts at ?reat5$ po9ts may be assur$2 & 7#c7 exp$itions may be und]tak5 at di/ances f ! base ( supplies :i* w\ld be prohibitive b = ! control ( l9es ( railway communication2 ?\gh z aga9/ ^! advantages 7 to be put ^? consid]ations :i* also arose z to de/ruction & re/oration1 & z to ! control ( railways 9 _! op]ation = milit>y purposes4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,railway ,,de/ruction ,,9 ,,w> ,"o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ obvi\s criticisms advanc$ aga9/ ! use ( railways 9 w> 0 bas$ on ! vuln]ability ( ! iron road4 ,! de/ruction ( a bridge1 ! te>+ up ( a few rails or ! block+ ( a tunnel w\ld1 x 0 argu$1 suffice to cause an int]ruption 9 ! transport ( troops or supplies :i* might be ( s]i\s consequ5ce to ! combatants prejudic$ !reby1 ?\gh ( correspond+ advantage to ! o!r side4 ,by means ( su* int]ruption ! conc5tration ( troops on ! fronti] might be delay$2 an army might be divid$ into two or m p>ts1 & expos$ to ! risk ( defeat 9 detail2 ! arrival ( re9=cem5ts urg5tly want$ to meet a critical situation might be prev5t$ until x 0 too late = !m to af=d ! desir$ relief2 a =ce advanc+ into an enemy's c\ntry might h its rail connection sev]$ & be left to />ve or to surr5d] at discretion2 invad]s w\ld f9d t ! =ce !y 7 driv+ be=e !m _h tak5 ! precaution to de/roy _! own railways z !y retreat$2 or1 alt]natively1 l9es ( railway con/ruct$ to ! fronti]1 & dep5d$ ^u to facilitate invasion ( neighb\r+ t]ritory1 might--unless de/roy$--be ( mat]ial s]vice to ! enemy1 %\ld ! latt] become ! invad]s in/ead ( ! invad$4 ,:ile ^! & o!r possibilities--=e%ad[$ m especially 9 ! controv]sies :i* ! :ole subject ar\s$ 9 ,g]many 9 ! ',=ties--7 frankly admitt$1 x 0 argu$ t1 h[ev] vuln]able railways might be z a l9e ( communication1 x %\ld be q possible ei!r to def5d !m successfully or to c>ry out on !m su* spe$y repairs or recon/ruction z w\ld1 g5]ally speak+1 p]mit ( an e>ly resumption ( traffic2 ?\gh exp]i5ce 0 to %[ t ^! safegu>ds c\ld only be assur$ ?r\gh a well-plann$ & ?or\ghly effici5t organisation prep>$ to meet1 ) ! utmo/ dispat* & ! highe/ degree ( effici5cy1 all ! requirem5ts 9 ! way ( railway repairs or railway rebuild+ t 7 likely to arise4 ,! e>lie/ in/ance ( an attempt to delay ! advance ( an enemy by int]rupt+ 8 rail communications 0 record$ 9 #ahdh1 :5 ! ,v5etians1 ?reat5$ ) bomb>dm5t by ! ,au/rians1 de/roy$ "s ( ! ar*es 9 ! railway viaduct connect+ _! isl& city ) ! ma9l&4 ,!n 9 ! ,italian campaign ( #ahei ! allies & ! ,au/rians bo? resort$ to ! exp$i5t ( de/roy+ railway bridges or te>+ up ! railway l9es2 al?\gh ! allies 7 able1 9 v>i\s in/ances1 to repair s spe$ily ! damage done by ! ,au/rians t ! l9es 7 ready = use aga9 by ! "t !y 7 want$4 ,x 0 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> t 0 to elevate railway de/ruction & re/oration into a sci5ce & to see ! e/abli%m5t1 9 ! int]e/s ( su* sci5ce1 ( an organisation :i* 0 to become a model = ,european c\ntries & influ5ce ! :ole subsequ5t c\rse ( mod]n w>f>e4 ,! de/ruction ( railways likely to be us$ by ! ,nor? = its project$ invasion ( ! ,conf$]ate ,/ates 01 f ! fir/1 a lead+ feature 9 ! /rategy ( ! ,s\?4 ,exp$itions 7 und]tak5 & raids 7 made ) no o!r object ?an t ( burn+ d[n bridges1 te>+ up & b5d+ rails1 mak+ bonfires ( sleep]s1 wreck+ /ations1 r5d]+ eng9es1 trucks & c>riages uns]viceable1 cutt+ (f ! wat] supply = locomotives1 or 9 v>i\s o!r ways seek+ to *eck ! advance ( ! ,nor!rn]s4 ,lat] on ! ,f$]als1 9 turn1 became no less en]getic 9 resort+ to simil> tactics 9 ord] ei!r to prev5t pursuit by ! ,conf$]ates or to int]rupt _! communications4 ,= ! c>ry+ out ( ^! de/ructive tactics use 0 g5]ally made ei!r ( cavalry1 accompani$ by civilians1 or ( bodies ( civilians only2 b 9 "s in/ances1 :5 x 0 consid]$ desirable to de/roy l5g?s ( track ext5d+ to tw5ty or ?irty miles1 or m1 ! ,conf$]ates put ! :ole ( _! available =ces on to ! "w4 ,at ! outset ! me?ods ( de/ruction 7 some:at primitive2 b !y 7 improv$ ^u z ! result ( practice & exp]im5t4 ,?us1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 timb] bridges or viaducts 7 de/roy$ by collect+ bru%wood1 plac+ ?is ar\nd ! ar*es1 p\r+ t> or petroleum ^u ! pile1 & !n sett+ fire to ! :ole4 ,aft]w>ds ! ,f$]als made use ( a torp$o1 eight in*es long1 & *>g$ ) gunp[d]1 :i* 0 ins]t$ 9 a hole bor$ 9 ! ma9 timb]s ( ! bridge & explod$ ) a fuse4 ,x 0 claim$ t ) two or ?ree m5 work+ at ea* span ! l>ge/ timb] bridge c\ld be ?r[n d[n 9 a few m9utes4 ,!n ! me?od g5]ally adopt$ at fir/ = de/roy+ a railway track 0 to te> up sleep]s & rails1 place ! sleep]s 9 a heap1 put ! rails cross-ways ov] !m1 set fire to ! sleep]s1 & heat ! rails until !y ei!r fell out ( %ape or c\ld be twi/$ ar\nd a tree ) ! help ( *a9s & horses4 ,b ?is process 0 f\nd to require too mu* "t & lab\r1 :ile ! results 7 n always satisfactory1 s9ce rails only slightly b5t c\ld be re/or$ to _! orig9al %ape1 & made ready = use aga91 9 mu* less "t ?an x _h tak5 = ! fire to heat & b5d !m4 ,a ,f$]al exp]t accord+ly inv5t$ an +5i\s contrivance1 9 ! =m ( iron ,u-%ap$ claws1 :i*1 be+ turn$ up & ov] at ea* extremity1 7 ins]t$ und]nea? ea* end ( a rail1 on opposite sides1 & op]at$1 ) ! help ( a long wood5 lev] & rope1 by half a doz5 m54 ,9 ?is way a rail c\ld be torn f ! sleep]s & n only b5t b giv5 su* a spiral or corkscrew twi/1 :ile /ill 9 ! cold /ate1 t x c\ld n be us$ aga9 until x _h gone ?r\gh ! roll+ mills4 ,by ! adoption ( ?is me?od1 #ddj m5 c\ld de/roy "o mile ( track 9 an h\r1 or #b1bjj m5 c\ld1 9 ! same "t1 de/roy five miles4 ,! mo/ effective me?od = r5d]+ a locomotive unfit = s]vice 0 f\nd to be ! fir+ ( a cannon ball ?r\gh ! boil]4 ,c>riages & wagons :i* might o!rwise be us$ by ! enemy1 & c\ld n be conv5i5tly c>ri$ (f1 7 easily de/roy$ by fire4 ,9 "o p]iod ( six mon?s ! ,f$]als dispos$ ( #djj 9 ?is way4 ,/ations1 wat]-tanks1 sleep]s1 fuel & telegraph poles 7 also de/roy$ or r5d]$ useless by fire or o!rwise4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! w>--#ahfa--! ,conf$]ates gave ! ,f$]als a =eta/e ( mu* t 0 to come by de/roy+ =ty-eight locomotives on ! ,baltimore & ,ohio ,railroad1 & mak+ a complete wreck ( #ajj miles ( ! ,nor? ,miss\ri ,railroad track & ev]y?+ !reon4 ,mu* m s]i\s ?an ?is1 h[ev]1 f a /rategical po9t ( view1 0 ! :olesale de/ruction c>ri$ out by ! ,conf$]ates1 9 ,april1 #ahfb1 on ! ,fr$]icksburg ,railway1 connect+ ,ri*mond & ,wa%+ton1 ! imm$iate result ( ! mis*ief done be+ to prev5t an imp5d+ comb9ation betwe5 ! ,f$]al armies ( ! ,potomac & ! ,rappahannock1 nei!r ( :i* c\ld act )\t ! o!r1 :ile nei!r c\ld jo9 ! o!r unless x c\ld make use ( rail communication4 ,!re 0 mu* t requir$ to be done1 = ! ,conf$]ates _h c>ri$ out _! "w 9 a mo/ ?or\gh-go+ fa%ion4 ,sev]al indisp5sable railway bridges _h be5 de/roy$2 ?ree miles ( track _h be5 torn up1 ! rails be+ c>ri$ s\? & ! sleep]s burn$2 & :>ves & build+s _h be5 burn$ or wreck$4 ,! :ole transportation s]vice1 9 fact1 _h be5 r$uc$ to a /ate ( *aos4 ,at ! urg5t reque/ ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>1 ! "w ( re/oration 0 und]tak5 by ,mr4 ,h]man ,haupt1 a railway eng9e] :o _h already di/+ui%$ himself m especially z a build] ( bridges1 & 0 n[ to e/abli% a fur!r record z ! pione] ( ^? ,con/ruction ,corps ( :i* s mu* 0 to be he>d lat] on 9 connection ) railways & w>4 ,9 c>ry+ out ! necess>y repairs ! only help :i* ,haupt c\ld obta91 at fir/1 0 t ( soldi]s detail$ f ! ,f$]al ranks4 ,_m ( ^! m5 7 entirely unaccu/om$ to physical lab\r2 o!rs 7 sickly1 ineffici5t1 or unwill+ to und]take :at !y did n reg>d z a soldi]'s duties1 :ile ! ,army (fic]s s5t 9 a fre% lot daily until ,haupt's remon/rances l$ to _! allott+ c]ta9 m5 to =m a ,con/ruction ,corps4 ,o!r difficulties :i* pres5t$ !mselves includ$ an insuffici5t supply ( tools1 occasional sc>city ( food1 & sev]al days ( wet wea!r2 yet ! "w advanc$ s rapidly t ! ,akakeek bridge1 a s+le span ( #abj ft41 at an elevation ( #cj ft41 0 rebuilt 9 ab\t fifte5 work+ h\rs2 ! ,potomac ,creek bridge1 #dad ft4 long ) an elevation ( #hb ft4 above ! wat]1 & requir+ ! use ( z mu* r\ghly-hewn timb] z w\ld h ext5d$ a total l5g? ( six & a half miles1 if put end to end1 0 complet$ 9 n9e days2#e & ! ?ree miles ( track 7 relaid 9 ?ree days1 includ$ 9 ! "w done 9 t "t be+ ! prep>ation ( m ?an #c1jjj sleep]s f lumb] cut d[n = ! purpose 9 woods a mile & a half di/ant f ! track4 ,g5]al ,mc,dowell subsequ5tly said1 conc]n+ ! ,potomac bridge3-- ,:5 x is consid]$ t 9 ! campaigns ( ,napoleon tre/le bridges ( m ?an "o /ory1 ev5 ( mod]ate height1 7 reg>d$ z impracticable1 & t1 too1 = common milit>y roads1 x is n difficult to und]/& :y di/+ui%$ ,europeans %\ld express surprise at s bold a specim5 ( ,am]ican milit>y eng9e]+4 ,x is a /ructure :i* ignores all rules & prec$5ts ( milit>y sci5ce z laid d[n 9 ! books4 ,x is con/ruct$ *iefly ( r\nd /icks cut f ! woods1 & n ev5 dive/$ ( b>k2 ! legs ( ! tre/les are brac$ ) r\nd poles4 ,x is 9 f\r /ories--?ree ( tre/le & "o ( crib "w4 ,:ile con/ruct$ 9 s app>5tly primitive a fa%ion1 ! bridge 01 ,g5]al ,mc,dowell fur!r said1 c>ry+ e day f t5 to tw5ty heavy railway tra9s 9 bo? directions1 & _h )/ood sev]al sev]e fre%ets & /orms )\t injury4 ,?us e>ly1 !re=e1 9 ! m active phases ( ! ,civil ,w>1 evid5ce 0 be+ af=d$ t1 al?\gh ! railways on :i* s mu* dep5d$ might be readily de/roy$1 !y c\ld1 also1 be rapidly re/or$2 & subsequ5t exp]i5ce 0 to (f] pro(s /ill m rem>kable 9 support ( ?is fact4 ,on ,may #bh1 #ahfb1 ,haupt 0 appo9t$ ,*ief ( ,con/ruction & ,transportation 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,rappahannock1 ) ! rank ( ,colonel4 ,he 0 rais$ to ! rank ( ,brigadi]-,g5]al 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 & did mu* excell5t con/ruction & o!r "w = ! ,gov]nm5t1 ?\gh ma9ly 9 ,virg9ia1 d[n to ,septemb]1 #ahfc4 ,9 8 ,rem9isc5ces he relates t ! supplies ( repair or recon/ruction mat]ials1 z kept on h& by ! ,f$]als1 includ$ ! int]*angeable p>ts ( bridge trusses1 9 spans ( #fj ft41 & s prep>$ t1 tak5 on flat c>s1 by ox-teams or o!rwise1 to ! place :]e !y 7 want$1 & hoi/$ into position by ma*9]y arrang$ = ! purpose1 !y c\ld1 )\t previ\s fitt+1 be put toge!r ) su* rapidity t "o ( 8 =em5 claim$ to be able to build a bridge ab\t z fa/ z a dog c\ld trot4 ,:5 ! ,massaponix bridge1 six miles f ,fr$]icksburg1 0 burn$ d[n "o ,monday morn+1 a new "o 0 put up 9 its place 9 half a day--a feat :i*1 he says1 l$ "s ( ! onlook]s to exclaim1 ,! ,yankees c build bridges quick] ?an ! ,rebs c burn !m d[n4 ,9 ,may1 #ahfb1 five bridges ov] ,goose ,creek :i* ! ,rebs _h de/roy$ 7 recon/ruct$ 9 a day & a half4 ,9 ! foll[+ mon? five o!r bridges1 ea* ) a span ( f #fj ft4 to #abj ft41 7 r5ew$ 9 "o day4 ,at ! ,battle ( ,gettysburg ,lee's troops de/roy$ n9ete5 bridges on ! ,nor!rn ,c5tral ,railroad & did mu* havoc on ! bran* l9es lead+ to ,gettysburg2 b ! ,con/ruction ,corps 0 h>d at "w on ! repairs :il/ ! battle 0 /ill be+ wag$1 & rail communication ) bo? ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore _h be5 re-e/abli%$ by noon ( ! day aft] ,lee's retreat4 ,9 "s in/ances railway bridges und]w5t repeat$ de/ruction & recon/ruction4 ,by ,june1 #ahfc1 ! bridge ov] ,bull ,run1 = in/ance1 _h be5 burn$ d[n & built up aga9 no few] ?an sev5 times4 ,_m ( ! bridges1 also1 7 swept away by floods1 & ?is ev5 = a second or a ?ird "t aft] !y _h be5 rebuilt4 ,precautions ?us _h to be tak5 aga9/ ! de/ructive =ces ( ,nature no less ?an aga9/ ^? ( man4 ,haupt's pione] ,con/ruction ,corps 9 ,virg9ia 0 succe$$ by ! "o set up on mu* broad] l9es by ,mc,callum :51 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfd1 he became ,g5]al ,manag] ( railways 9 ! ,milit>y ,division ( ! ,mississippi4 ,?is corps ev5tually rea*$ a total ( #aj1jjj m54 ,! design ( ! corps1 wrote ,mc,callum1 9 8 f9al report1 0 to comb9e a body ( skill$ workm5 9 ea* dep>tm5t ( railroad con/ruction & repairs1 "u compet5t eng9e]s1 suppli$ ) abundant mat]ials1 tools & me*anical appliances4 ,! corps 0 =m$ into divisions ! numb] ( :i* v>i$ f "t to "t1 9 diff]5t di/ricts1 accord+ to requirem5ts4 ,9 ! milit>y division ( ! ,mississippi ! corps compris$ six divisions1 "u ! g5]al *>ge ( ! *ief eng9e] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y railroads = t milit>y division1 & consi/$ at its maximum /r5g? ( ne>ly #e1jjj m54 ,9 ord] to give ! corps entire mobility1 & to enable x to move indep5d5tly & und]take "w at widely diff]5t po9ts1 ea* ( ! six divisions 0 made a complete unit1 "u ! comm& ( a divisional eng9e]1 & 01 9 turn1 divid$ into sub-divisions or sections1 ) a sup]visor 9 *>ge ( ea*4 ,! two l>ge/ & mo/ important sub-divisions 9 any "o division 7 ^? ( ! track-lay]s & ! bridge-build]s4 ,a sub-division 01 aga91 compos$ ( gangs1 ea* ) a =eman1 :ile ! gangs 7 divid$ into squads1 ea* ) a sub-=eman4#f ,"u ?is me?od ( organisation x 0 possible to move ei!r ! entire division or any section !re(1 ) its tools1 camp requirem5ts & field transport1 9 any direction1 :]ev] & :5ev] ne$$1 & by any mode ( conveyance--rail1 road1 ) teams & wagons1 or on foot4 ,to facilitate ! op]ations ( ! corps1 supplies ( mat]ials 7 kept at po9ts along or )9 a %ort di/ance ( ! railway l9es1 :]e !y w\ld be comp>atively safe & spe$ily procurable 9 case ( necessity4 ,at places :]e !re 0 special ne$ = tak+ precaution>y measures1 deta*m5ts ( ! corps 7 /ation$ 9 read9ess = imm$iate action1 :ile on important l9es ( railway ,f$]als & ,conf$]ates alike _h1 at ea* end !re(1 con/ruction tra9s load$ ) e possible requisite1 ! locomotives atta*$ to !m keep+ _! /eam up 9 ord] t ! tra9s c\ld be />t$ (f in/antly on ! receipt ( a telegram ann\nc+ a fur!r int]ruption ( traffic4 ,at ,na%ville & ,*attanooga ! ,f$]als built ext5sive /oreh\ses :]e !y kept on h& supplies ( mat]ials = ! prompt c>ry+ out ( railway repairs ( e k9d to any ext5t & 9 :atev] direction4 ,on ! ,na%ville & ,*attanooga ,railway itself ! ,con/ruction ,corps1 f ,febru>y1 #ahfd1 to ! close ( ! w>1 relaid #aae miles ( track1 put 9 n9ete5 miles ( new sid+s1 eight miles ap>t & ea* capable ( hold+ f five to eight long freight tra9s1 & erect$ =ty-five new wat] tanks4 ,! recon/ruction ( ?is p>ticul> l9e 0 m especially ne$$ 9 connection ) ,g5]al ,%]man's campaign 9 ,georgia & ! ,c>ol9as--a campaign :i* af=d$ ! greate/ & mo/ direct evid5ce up to t "t alike ( ! possibilities ( rail-p[] 9 w>f>e1 ( ! risks by :i* its use 0 att5d$1 & ( ! success ) :i* ^? risks c\ld be ov]come by means ( effici5t organisation4 ,9 t /ruggle = ,atlanta :i* prec$$ 8 /ill m fam\s m>* to ! sea1 ,%]man _h ) him a =ce ( #ajj1jjj m51 toge!r ) #bc1jjj animals4 ,8 base ( supplies1 :5 he approa*$ ,atlanta1 0 #cfj miles di/ant1 & ! cont9uance ( 8 communications ) t base1 n only = ! procur+ ( food1 clo?+1 fodd]1 ammunition & e o!r requisite1 b = ! transport to ! re> ( sick & w\nd$1 refugees1 fre$m5 & prison]s1 dep5d$ on :at he aft]w>ds describ$ z a poorly-con/ruct$ s+le-track railroad pass+ = #abj miles ( its l5g? ?r\gh ! c\ntry ( an extremely active enemy4 ,yet ,%]man is said to h made 8 advance 9 p]fect confid5ce t1 al?\gh subject to int]ruptions1 ! railway 9 8 re> w\ld be all "r2 & ?is confid5ce 0 fully w>rant$ by ! results accompli%$4 ,e>ly 9 ,septemb]1 #ahfd1 ! ,conf$]ate ,g5]al1 ,:eel]1 de/roy$ sev5 miles ( road betwe5 ,na%ville & ,murfreesboro'1 on ! ,na%ville & ,*attanooga ,railway1 & 9 ! foll[+ ,decemb] ,hood de/roy$ eight miles ( track & #ecj ft4 ( bridges betwe5 ! same /ations2 yet ! arrangem5ts ( ! ,f$]al ,con/ruction ,corps all[$ ( ! repairs be+ c>ri$ out ) su* promptness t 9 ea* in/ance ! tra9s 7 runn+ aga9 9 a few days4 ,! ,conf$]ate attacks on ! ,we/]n & ,atlantic ,railway1 runn+ f ,*attanooga at ,atlanta1 a di/ance ( #acf miles1 7 m cont9u\s & m sev]e ?an on any o!r l9e ( railway dur+ ! w>2 b1 ?anks aga9 to ! spe$ ) :i* ! repair & recon/ruction "w 0 done1 ! delays occasion$ 71 z a rule1 ( only a few h\rs1 or1 at ! mo/1 a few days' duration4 ,"o especially rem>kable feat accompli%$ on ?is l9e 0 ! rebuild+1 9 f\r & a half days1 ( ! ,*attaho*ee bridge1 ne> ,atlanta--a /ructure #ghj ft4 long1 & #ib ft4 high4 ,hood1 ! ,conf$]ate ,g5]al1 ?\ght /ill fur!r to *eck ,%]man's communications by pass+ r\nd ! ,f$]al army & fall+ ^u ! railway 9 its re>4 ,he succe$$ 9 te>+ up two l5g?s ( track1 "o ( t5 miles1 & ano!r ( tw5ty-five miles1 9 ext5t1 & de/roy+ #bej ft4 ( bridges2 b once m ! "w ( re/oration 0 spe$ily c>ri$ out1 ,mc,callum say+ 9 ref]5ce to x3-- ,=tunately ! deta*m5ts ( ! ,con/ruction ,corps :i* escap$ 7 s di/ribut$ t ev5 be=e ,hood _h left ! road two /rong work+ p>ties 7 at "w1 "o at ea* end ( ! break at ,big ,%anty1 & ?is gap ( t5 miles 0 clos$1 & ! =ce ready to move to ! great break ( tw5ty-five miles 9 l5g?1 nor? ( ,resaca1 z soon z ! enemy _h left x4 ,! de/ruction by ,hood's army ( our depts ( supplies compell$ u to cut ne>ly all ! cross-ties requir$ to relay ?is track & to s5d a di/ance = rails4 ,! cross-ties 7 cut ne> ! l9e ( ! road & _m ( !m c>ri$ by h& to ! track1 z ! teams to be furni%$ = haul+ !m did n get to ! "w until x 0 ne>ly complete4 ,! rails us$ on ! s\!rn end ( ! break _h to be tak5 up & br\ght f ! railroads s\? ( ,atlanta1 & ^? = ! nor!rn end 7 mo/ly br\ght f ,na%ville1 ne>ly #bjj miles di/ant4 ,not)/&+ all ! disadvantages "u :i* ! lab\r 0 p]=m$1 ?is tw5ty-five miles ( track 0 laid1 & ! tra9s 7 runn+ ov] x 9 sev5 & a half days f ! "t ! "w 0 comm5c$4 ,conclud+1 h[ev]1 t x w\ld be unwise to dep5d on ! railway dur+ 8 fur!r m>* to ! sea1 ,%]man collect$ at ,atlanta1 by means ( ! re/or$ l9es1 ! supplies he want$ = #fjj1jjj m51 s5t to ! re> all ! m5 & mat]ial no long] requir$1 & !n1 be=e />t+ = ,savannah1 de/roy$ sixty miles ( track beh9d him 9 s effectual a mann] t x w\ld be impossible = ! ,conf$]ates--especially 9 view ( _! own great lack1 at ?is "t1 ( rails1 locomotives & roll+ /ock--to repair & utilise ! l9es aga9 9 any attempt$ pursuit4 ,x 01 9 fact1 z mu* to 8 advantage n[ to de/roy ! railways 9 8 re> z x _h previ\sly be5 to repair & rebuild !m4 ,all ?r\gh ,georgia1 = ! #cjj miles f ,atlanta to ,savannah 7:]e he 0 able to e/abli% communications ) ! ,f$]al fleet71 ,%]man cont9u$ ! same tactics ( railway de/ruction2 & he resum$ !m :5 8 army1 n[ divid$ into ?ree columns1 turn$ nor?w>d to effect a junction ) ,grant at ,ri*mond4 ,on ?is nor?w>d m>*1 also1 !re 0 no ne$ = ,%]man to make a direct attack on ,*>le/on4 ,by de/roy+ ab\t sixty miles ( track 9 & ar\nd ,bran*ville--a village on ! ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,railroad :i* =m$ a junction :]e ! l9e f ,*>le/on bran*$ (f 9 ! directions ( ,columbia & ,augu/a respectively--"o ( ,%]man's columns sev]$ ,*>le/on f all its s\rces ( supply 9 ! int]ior1 & left ! g>rison ) no alt]native b to surr5d]4 ,comm5t+ on ?is ev5t1 ,vigo-,r\issillon rem>ks1 9 8 ,puissance ,militaire des tats-,unis d',amrique3-- ,a9si il avait suffi de la de/ruction ou de la possession de quelques kilomtres de *em9 de f] p\r am5] la *ute de ce b\lev>d de l'insurrection1 qui avait si longtemps rsi/ aux plus puissantes flottes du ,nord4 ,exemple frappant du rle res]v dans nos gu]res mod]nes ce precieux et fragile moy5 de communication4 ,9 ! aggregate1 ,%]man's troops de/roy$ hundr$s ( miles ( railway track 9 _! progress ?r\gh :at _h previ\sly be5 reg>d$ z a v]itable /ronghold ( ! enemy's c\ntry2 ?\gh mean:ile ! ,con/ruction ,corps _h repair$ & reop5$ ne>ly #cjj miles ( railway 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & _h built a :>f1 cov]+ an area ( #ed1jjj squ>e feet1 at ! ocean t]m9us ( ! ,atlantic & ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,railroad 9 ord] bo? to facilitate ,%]man's progress nor?w>ds1 by ! "t ( 8 rea*+ ! l9es 9 "q1 & to enable him to obta9 supplies f ! fleet4 ,! railways1 9 fact1 contribut$ greatly to ! brilliant success ( ,%]man's campaign1 & h5ce1 also1 to ! f9al triumph ( ! ,f$]al cause4 ,! total l5g? ( track laid or relaid by ! ,f$]al ,con/ruction ,corps dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! w> 0 #fda miles1 & ! l9eal feet ( bridges built or rebuilt 0 equal to tw5ty-six miles4 ,! net exp5diture1 9 respect alike to con/ruction & transportation1 incurr$ by ! dep>tm5t 9 *>ge ( ! railways dur+ _! control by ! ,gov]nm5t = milit>y purposes 0 close on #cj1jjj1jjj4 ,f ?is "t ! int]ruption ( railway communication became a recognis$ phase ( w>f>e all ! _w ov]2 &1 n only h num]\s treatises be5 writt5 on ! subject 9 v>i\s languages1 b ! creation ( special =ces to deal alike ) ! de/ruction & ! re/oration ( railways has become an important & indisp5sable feature ( milit>y organisation4 ,^! matt]s w be dealt ) m fully 9 subsequ5t *apt]s2 b x may be ( int]e/ if ref]5ce is made "h to ! exp]i5ces ( ,mexico1 z fur!r illu/rat+ ! univ]sality ( practices ) :i*1 9 h] case1 at lea/1 no effective measures _h be5 tak5 to deal4 ,h[ ,mexican ,rebels ,de/roy ,railways & ,bridges 0 told by ,mr4 ,g4 ,e4 ,weekes 9 ! ,sci5tific ,am]ican = ,septemb] #ac1 #aiac1 & ! subject 0 fur!r dealt ) by ,major ,*>les ,h9e 9 a pap] on ,w> ,"t ,railroad+ 9 ,mexico1 read by him be=e ! ,/4 ,l\is ,railway ,club1 on ,octob] #aj1 #aiac4 ,! t]m rebels applies1 ( c\rse1 9 ,mexico to ! p>ty t is aga9/ ! p>ticul> ,presid5t :o is 9 (fice = ! "t be+2 & 9 ! revolution>y p]iod la/+ f #aiaj to #aiac ! rebels ( ! mom5t f\nd pl5ty to d 9 ! way ( de/roy+ railways n only1 z 9 o!r c\ntries1 9 ord] to ret>d ! advance ( _! pursu]s1 b1 also1 to spite ! national ,gov]nm5t1 :o control ab\t two-?irds ( ! /ock 9 ! railways ( ! ,republic4 ,altoge!r1 ! mis*ief done by "o p>ty or ! o!r dur+ ! p]iod 9 "q includ$ ! de/ruction ( _m hundr$s ( miles ( track2 ! burn+ or ! dynamit+ ( hundr$s ( bridges1 accord+ z ^! _h be5 built ( timb] or ( /eel2 & ! wreck+ ( _m /ations & ov] #ej p] c5t4 ( ! roll+ /ock on ! national l9es4 ,conc]n+ ! me?ods adopt$ 9 ! c>ry+ out ( ?is "w1 ,mr4 ,weekes1 :o _h ! opportunity ( see+ track & bridge de/ruction 9 full progress1 says3-- ,up to ! pa/ six mon?s track de/ruction _h be5 accompani$ ei!r by ! use ( a wreck+ crane1 :i* lift$ sections ( rails & ties 7sleep]s7 bodily & pil$ !m up ready = burn+1 or by ! sl[] process ( ! claw-b>1 wr5* & pick4 ,b a ,con/itutionali/ exp]t devis$ a new sy/em4 ,a tr5* is dug betwe5 two ties1 ?r\gh :i* a heavy *a9 is pass$ ar\nd two opposite rails & made fa/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! track4 ,to ?is "o end ( a heavy /eel cable is hook$1 ! o!r end be+ made fa/ to ! c\pl+ on ! eng9e pilot4 ,at ! signal ! eng9eman />ts 8 locomotive sl[ly backw>d1 & z !y are huge #bbj-ton consolidations1 ) #bb-;in* by #cj-;in* cyl9d]s1 "o c easily imag9e t some?+ has to give4 ,& x does6 ,! rails are torn loose f ! spikes t hold !m to ! ties & are dragg$ closely toge!r 9 ! c5tre ( ! road b$4 ,! ties are loos5$ f ! balla/ & dragg$ into piles1 :ile 9 _m cases ! rails are badly b5t & twi/$ by ! =ce appli$4 ,a gang ( m5 foll[s ! eng9e1 pil+ ties on top ( ! l9e & leav+ o!rs b5ea? !m4 ,^! are !n saturat$ ) oil & a mat* appli$4 ,9 a %ort "t ! ties are consum$ & ! rails left ly+ on ! gr\nd twi/$ & contort$ into all sorts ( %apes & ( no fur!r use until aft] !y h be5 re-roll$4 ,z = ! bridges1 ^? ( timb] 7 saturat$ ) oil & burn$1 :ile 9 ! case ( /eel bridges r[s ( holes 7 bor$ horizontally 9 ! l[] "p ( ! pi]s & *>g$ ) dynamite1 :i* 0 !n explod$ by means ( fuses connect$ ) batt]ies ( ! type us$ 9 ,mexican coal m9es4 ,ano!r fav\rite me?od adopt$ = int]f]+ ) transportation by rail 0 t ( attack+ a tra91 compell+ x to /op1 tak+ possession ( ! locomotive1 & burn+ ! c>s4 ,!re is no sugge/ion by ei!r ( ! au?orities m5tion$ above ( any well-organis$ ,con/ruction ,corps 9 ,mexico repair+ damage done on ! railway almo/ z quickly z x c\ld be effect$ by ! de/roy]s4 ,mr4 ,weekes believ$1 r1 t x w\ld take ye>s to re/ore ! roads to ! condition !y 7 9 be=e ! rebellion aga9/ ,presid5t ,diaz1 & he fur!r decl>$ t x w\ld co/ ! national l9es ( ,mexico _m millions ( doll>s to replace ! de/roy$ roll+ /ock1 bridges1 /ations1 etc4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,9 ,may1 #ahfd1 :5 ?is bridge _h be5 aga9 de/roy$1 x 0 rebuilt1 ready = tra9s to pass ov]1 9 =ty work+ h\rs4 #f ,a division1 completely organis$1 consi/$ ( #ggg (fic]s & m51 z foll[s3--,division eng9e]1 assi/ant eng9e]1 rodman1 cl]k1 & #b mess5g]s 7#f74 ,sub-division ,i3 ,sup]visor ( bridges & c>p5t]s' "w1 cl]k & "t-keep]1 commission>y 7tak+ *>ge ( transport & issue ( rations71 qu>t]ma/] 79 *>ge ( tools1 camp equipm5t1 etc471 surgeon1 hospital /ew>d1 #f =em5 7#a = ea* #ej m571 #cj sub-=em5 7#a = ea* #aj m571 #cjj me*anics & lab\r]s1 blacksmi? & help]1 & #ab cooks 7#cef74 ,sub-division ,,ii3 ,sup]visor ( track1 & rema9d] ( /aff z 9 ,sub-division ,i 7#cef74 ,sub-division ,,iii3 ,sup]visor ( wat] /ations1 =eman1 #ab me*anics & lab\r]s1 & cook 7#ae74 ,sub-division ,,iv3 ,sup]visor ( masonry1 =eman1 #aj masons & help]s1 & cook 7#ac74 ,sub-division ,v3 ,=eman ( ox-brigade1 #ah ox-driv]s1 & cook 7#bj74 ,tra9 crew3 #b conductors1 #d brakesm51 #b locomotive eng9e]s1 #b firem51 & cook 7#aa74 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,control ,,( ,,railways ,,9 ,,w> ,curtailm5t ( ! effici5cy ( railways dur+ w> may be due to fri5d no less ?an to foe2 & !re h be5 occasions :51 ( ! two1 x is ! fri5d :o has caus$ ! great] degree ( tr\ble1 h9drance & int]ruption4 ,^! conditions h aris5 ma9ly f ?ree causes--7#a7 que/ions ( control2 7#b7 irregul>ities 9 ! employm5t ( railway mat]ial2 & 7#c7 abs5ce or inadequacy ( organisation = milit>y rail-transport purposes4 ,:5 ! use ( railways becomes an ess5tial factor 9 ! conduct ( w>1 x may appe> only natural t ! milit>y au?ority *>g$ ) ! duty ( fur!r+ or def5d+ national int]e/s %\ld1 ?r\gh ! ,gov]nm5t conc]n$1 h p[] to comm& ! transport facilities ( all railway l9es ! use ( :i* may be necess>y = ! movem5t ( troops or o!r milit>y purposes4 ,yet1 :ile ! s\ndness ( ! pr9ciple "h involv$ is beyond dispute1 !re is mu* to be said z to ! circum/ances & conditions "u :i* a milit>y control ( railways %\ld be ex]cis$4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 especially necess>y to be> 9 m9d t ! railway1 z a means ( transport1 mu/ ne$s be reg>d$ f a po9t ( view :olly diff]5t f t :i* w\ld apply to ord9>y roads4 ,on ! latt] any sort ( vehicle c be us$1 & !re are1 g5]ally1 alt]native roads along :i* traffic c pass1 9 case ( ne$4 ,railroads are n only available exclusively = vehicles con/ruct$ to run ^u !m1 b ! degree ( _! usefulness is limit$ by su* consid]ations z ! numb] ( sep>ate r\tes to a giv5 de/9ation2 ! important matt]s ( detail z to :e!r ! l9es are s+le track or d\ble track & :e!r !y are on ! level or h heavy gradi5ts2 ! numb] ( locomotives & ! am\nt ( roll+ /ock available2 ! ext5t ( ! /ation & sid+ accommodation2 ! provision or non-provision ( adequate facilities = load+ & unload+2 &1 9 w> "t1 ! damage or de/ruction ( a p>ticul> l9e or l9es by ! enemy4 ,! am\nt ( traffic x is possible to convey betwe5 c]ta9 po9ts 9 a giv5 "t may ?us be :olly controll$ by ! physical conditions ( ! railway conc]n$1 & su* conditions may be incapable ( modification by ! railway /affs1 9 case ( a sudd5 em]g5cy1 h[ev] great _! desire to d ev]y?+ t is 9 _! p[]4 ,9 ! next place1 all ^! physical conditions may v>y on diff]5t railway sy/ems1 & ev5 on diff]5t sections ( ! same sy/em4 ,x does n1 !re=e1 necess>ily foll[ t milit>y requirem5ts :i* c be compli$ ) on "o l9e or 9 "o di/rict c be respond$ to z readily1 if at all1 "u ano!r & totally diff]5t set ( conditions else:]e2 ?\gh x is conceivable t a milit>y comm&] or (fic] :o fails to realise ?is fact may1 if he is left to deal direct ) ! railway p1 become v angry inde$ at non-compliance ) 8 dem&s1 & res5t prote/s t :at he asks = _c be done at "o place al?\gh x may h be5 done at ano!r4 ,!n a railway mu/ be reg>d$ z a delicate piece ( transportation ma*9]y :i* c easily be ?r[n out ( ord]1 & is capable ( be+ work$ only by railwaym5 z skill$ 9 ! k ( its me*anism1 & z exp]i5c$ 9 ! details ( its complicat$ op]ation1 z milit>y (fic]s !mselves are assum$ to be 9 ! te*nicalities ( _! own p>ticul> duties4 ,! ,*ief ,goods ,manag] ( a lead+ l9e ( railway :o (f]$ to take ! place ( a ,g5]al at ! seat ( w> w\ld ar\se mu* mir? 9 ! ,army at 8 own exp5se4 ,x is1 nev]!less1 q conceivable t ! ,g5]al w\ld himself n be a complete success z a ,*ief ,goods ,manag]4 ,9 ! e>lie/ days ( railways x 0 assum$ t ! m5 be/ qualifi$ bo? to manage !m & to control ! l>ge /affs to be employ$ w\ld be retir$ ,army (fic]s4 ,?is policy 01 9 fact1 adopt$ = a "t1 ?\gh x 0 ab&on$1 aft] a fair trial1 9 fav\r ( appo9t+ z responsible railway (fic]s m5 :o _h und]gone tra9+ 9 ! railway s]vice1 & 7 practically acqua9t$ alike ) its fundam5tal pr9ciples & its te*nical details4 ,9 ! op]ation ( ?is delicate & complicat$ piece ( ma*9]y dislocation ( traffic may result f a v>iety ( causes1 ev5 :5 su* op]ation is conduct$ by m5 ( ! greate/ exp]i5ce 9 railway work+2 b ! risk1 alike ( blocks & int]ruptions & ( accid5ts involv+ loss ( life or de/ruction ( valuable prop]ty mu/ ne$s be mat]ially increas$ if milit>y comm&]s1 or (fic]s1 !mselves hav+ no practical k ( railway work+1 & influ5c$ only by an o!rwise praisewor?y zeal = ! int]e/s ( _! own s]vice1 %\ld h p[] ei!r to =ce a responsible railwayman to d some?+ :i* he1 ) 8 great] te*nical k1 kn[s to be impracticable1 or to hamp] & int]f]e ) ! work+ ( ! l9e at a "t ( exceptional /ra9 on its res\rces4 ,"u1 aga91 a misappreh5sion ( ! exact be>+ ( ! pr9ciple ( milit>y control ( railways = milit>y op]ations 9 "t ( w>1 !re 0 develop$ 9 v>i\s campaigns a t5d5cy on ! "p ( comm&]s & subord9ate (fic]s 7#a7 to look ^u railways & railwaym5 z subject to _! p]sonal comm&1 if n1 ev51 to _! own w1 pleasure & conv5i5ce1 s long z ! w> la/$2 7#b7 to consid] t e ord] !y !mselves gave %\ld be at once c>ri$ out1 reg>dless ei!r ( ord]s f o!r directions or ( any "q z to ! possibility ( comply+ !re)2 & 7#c7 to indulge 9 m]ciless d5unciations1 ev5 if n 9 measures /ill m vigor\s1 :5 _! ord]s h n be5 obey$4 ,ap>t f o!r consid]ations1 all ^! ?+s h a direct be>+ on ! effici5cy ( ! railway itself z an in/rum5t 9 ! c>ry+ on ( w>f>e2 & x is1 !re=e1 a matt] ( ess5tial importance to our pres5t /udy to see h[ ! difficulties 9 "q _h _! rise1 ! developm5t !y h und]gone1 & ! /eps t h be5 tak5 to ov]come or to gu>d aga9/ !m4 ,x 0 once m 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> t ! control problem fir/ arose 9 a really acute degree4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple adopt$ = ! op]ation ( ! railways tak5 possession ( by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t = milit>y purposes 0 t !y %\ld be conduct$ "u ord]s issu$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,w> or by ,army comm&]s 9 or out ( ! field4 ,x 0 = ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s dep>tm5t to load all mat]ial ^u ! c>s1 to direct :]e su* mat]ial %\ld be tak51 & to arrange = unload+ & deliv]y2 b because ! ,gov]nm5t _h tak5 possession ( ! railways2 because ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s dep>tm5t 0 to dis*>ge ! duties m5tion$2 & because ! railways 7 to be us$ dur+ ! w> = ! transport ( troops & ( ,army supplies1 !re=e c]ta9 ( ! (fic]s came to ! conclusion t ! :ole op]ation ( ! p>ticul> l9es 9 :i* !y 7 conc]n$ %\ld be left ei!r to !mselves individually or to ! ,qu>t]ma/]'s dep>tm5t4 ,among ^? hold+ ?is view 0 ,g5]al ,pope1 :o1 on tak+ ov] ! comm& ( ! ,rappahannock ,division1 on ,june #bf1 #ahfb1 disreg>d$ ! position held by ,h]man ,haupt z ,*ief ( ,con/ruction & ,transportation 9 t ,division1 gave him no in/ructions1 & left him to conclude t ! ,army c\ld get on v well )\t 8 assi/ance z a m]e railwayman4 ,!reupon ,haupt w5t home4 ,t5 days aft]w>ds he receiv$ f ! ,assi/ant-,secret>y ( ,w> a telegram :i* said3--,come back imm$iately4 ,_c get on )\t y4 ,n a :eel mov+4 ,haupt w5t back1 & he f\nd t1 :at ) mismanagem5t ( ! l9es & ! attacks made on !m by ,conf$]ates1 n a :eel 01 inde$1 mov+ 9 ! ,division4 ,8 own position /r5g!n$ by 8 n[ be+ put 9 exclusive *>ge ( all ! railways )9 ! limits ( ! ,army ( ,virg9ia1 he 0 soon able to set ! :eels runn+ aga92 & f t "t ,g5]al ,pope ex]cis$ a wise discretion 9 leav+ ! details ( railway transportation to m5 :o und]/ood !m4 ,!n !re 0 a ,g5]al ,/urgis :o1 :5 ,haupt call$ on him "o day1 receiv$ him ) ! intimation1 ,i h j s5t a gu>d to y\r (fice to put y "u arre/ = disob$i5ce ( my ord]s 9 fail+ to transport my comm&4 ,x 0 q true4 ,haupt _h fail$ to obey 8 ord]s4 ,/urgis want$ "s special tra9s to convey #aj1jjj m51 ) horses & baggage1 ! %ort di/ance ( eighte5 miles4 ,! railway 0 a s+le-track l9e2 x _h only a limit$ equipm5t ( eng9es & c>s2 !re 0 ! prospect ( fur!r imm$iate requirem5ts 9 o!r directions1 & ,haupt took ! lib]ty ( ?9k+ t he _h bett] keep 8 transportation = m press+ ne$s ?an a j\rney to a prospective battle-field only eighte5 miles away--! m s z if ! m5 7 attack$ :il/ !y 7 9 ! tra9 !y w\ld be comp>atively helpless1 :]eas if !y 7 attack$ :5 on ! road--do+ :at am\nt$ to no m ?an a s+le day's m>*--!y w\ld be ready = imm$iate def5ce4 ,^! consid]ations sugge/ t1 ( ! two1 ! railwayman 0 a bett] /rategi/ ?an ! ,g5]al4 ,/urgis foll[$ up 8 intimation to ,haupt by tak+ milit>y possession ( ! railway & issu+ "s ord]s :i* any "o possess+ ! mo/ elem5t>y k ( railway op]ation w\ld h kn[n to be impracticable4 ,mean:ile ,haupt appeal$ by telegraph to ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 :o repli$3--,no milit>y (fic] has any au?ority to int]f]e ) y\r control ov] railroad4 ,%[ ?is to ,g5]al ,/urgis1 &1 if he attempts to int]f]e1 ,i w arre/ him4 ,told :at ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief said 9 8 message1 ,/urgis exclaim$1 ,he does1 does he8 ,well1 !n1 take y\r damn$ railroad6 ,haupt f\nd x possible to put at ! disposal ( ,/urgis1 e>ly ! foll[+ morn+1 ! transportation ask$ =2 b at two o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ! c>s 7 /ill unoccupi$4 ,on ! att5tion ( ,/urgis be+ call$ to ?is fact he repli$ t he _h giv5 8 ord]s b !y _h be5 disobey$4 ,!reupon ! c>s 7 )drawn = s]vice else:]e--! m s s9ce no o!r traffic c\ld pass until !y _h be5 cle>$ out ( ! way4 ,! net results ( ! ,g5]al's int]f]5ce 0 t traffic on ! l9es 0 d]ang$ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & #aj1jjj m5 7 prev5t$ f tak+ "p 9 an engagem5t1 z !y might h done _h !y gone by road4 ,( ! v>i$ & almo/ un5d+ irregul>ities :i* occurr$ 9 ! work+ ( ! l9es z milit>y railways dur+ ! progress ( ! same w> a few o!r examples may be giv54 ,"o prolific s\rce ( tr\ble 0 ! det5tion or appropriation ( tra9s by (fic]s :o did n ?9k x necess>y to communicate fir/ ) ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,l9e4 ,a c]ta9 ,g5]al :o did in=m ! ,sup]9t5d5t :5 he want$ a tra9 01 nev]!less1 9 ! habit ( keep+ x wait+ = sev]al h\rs be=e he made 8 appe>ance1 traffic be+ mean:ile susp5d$1 9 consequ5ce4 ,special consid]ation 0 ev5 claim$ = (fic]s' wives1 z well z = ! (fic]s !mselves4 ,on "o occasion ,haupt 0 mu* di/urb$ by ! non-arrival ( a tra9 br++ supplies :i* 7 urg5tly want$ = a body ( troops />t+ on a m>*1 & he w5t along ! l9e to see :at _h happ5$4 ,com+ at la/ to ! tra91 :i* _h pull$ up1 he made inquiries ( ! eng9e-driv]1 :o told him t he _h receiv$ in/ructions to /op at a c]ta9 po9t s t an (fic]'s wife1 :o 0 com+ 9 ! tra9 to see h] husb& on ! eve ( an engagem5t1 c\ld g to a neighb\r+ t[n to look out = rooms = h]self4 ,at t mom5t ! lady put 9 an appe>ance4 ,%e took h] seat aga9 & ! tra9 !n proce$$2 b h] side-trip 9 se>* ( rooms meant a delay ( ?ree h\rs alike = ?is "o tra9 & = ?ree o!rs foll[+ beh9d4 ,! impression seems to h prevail$1 also1 t (fic]s 7 at lib]ty to make any use ( ! tra9s !y pleas$ = ! conveyance ( _! own belong+s4 ,to *eck ! abuses ?us develop$1 ,haupt 0 compell$ to issue1 on ,june #be1 #ahfb1 ! foll[+ notice3-- ,assi/ant ,qu>t]ma/]s & ,commiss>ies are positively =bidd5 to load on to c>s on any ( ! ,milit>y ,railroads ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,rappahannock any freights :i* are n /rictly & prop]ly includ$ 9 ,qu>t] & ,commiss>y /ores4 ,!y %all n load or p]mit to be load$ any articles = ! private use ( (fic]s1 or o!r p]sons1 :atev] _! rank or position4 ,(fic]s1 aga91 !re 7 :o1 reg>dless ( all traffic consid]ations1 w\ld ord] a tra9 to pull up at any po9t !y ?\ght fit along ! ma9 l9e 9 ord] t !y c\ld exam9e ! passes & p]mits ( ! pass5g]s1 in/ead ( do+ ?is at a t]m9al or o!r /ation4 ,9 /ill ano!r in/ance a payma/] adopt$ z 8 (fice a box c> /&+ on a ma9 l9e4 ,he plac$ 9 x a table1 "s *airs1 a money-*e/ & 8 pap]s--f9d+ x ei!r m com=table or m conv5i5t ?an a h\se alongside--& proce$$ ) ! transaction ( all 8 ,army bus9ess 9 ! c>4 ,invit$ to )draw1 on ! gr\nd t he 0 hold+ up ! traffic1 he refus$ to leave1 & he p]si/$ 9 8 refusal until troops 7 call$ up to remove 8 ?+s = him4 ,defective arrangem5ts 9 reg>d to ! =w>d+ ( supplies 7 ano!r cause ( traffic disorganisation4 ,! railwayman made f "t to "t ! mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts 9 gett+ to ! extreme front l>ge consignm5ts ( articles ei!r 9 excess ( requirem5ts or n want$ !re at all4 ,aft] block+ ! l9e = "s days1 ! /ill-load$ c>s might be s5t back aga91 no few] ?an #adb ( su* c>s be+ return$ on ! ,orange & ,alex&ria ,railroad 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le day4 ,if ! excessive supplies s s5t 7 unload$ at ! front1 !y might h to be load$ into ! c>s aga9 :5 ! ,army mov$2 or1 z 0 frequ5tly ! case 9 expos$ positions1 !y might be seiz$ or de/roy$ by ! enemy4 ,"u a well-organis$ sy/em an adequate /ock ( supplies w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h be5 kept 9 /ores or on sid+s at "s po9t 9 ! re>1 only su* quantities be+ =w>d$ to ! advanc$ front z 7 really ne$$4 ,at ! railway /ations !re 7 frequ5t disputes betwe5 ! responsible (fic]s z to :i* %\ld h ! fir/ use ( su* troop tra9s z 7 available1 & ,haupt f\nd x necess>y to ask ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief to delegate "s "o :o w\ld decide 9 :at ord] ! troops %\ld be =w>d$4 ,mu* tr\ble arose because1 9 _! anxiety to s5d (f z _m w\nd$ z !y c\ld1 m$ical (fic]s deta9$ _! tra9s = su* p]iods z dislocat$ ! s]vice1 in/ead ( despat*+ at s*$ule "t ! m5 !y _h ready1 & !n ask+ = an extra tra9 = ! rema9d]4 ,9 o!r respects1 also1 ! arrangem5ts = ! transport ( ! sick & w\nd$ 7 defective4 ,telegraph+ on ?is subject to ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,w> on ,augu/ #bb1 #ahfb1 ,haupt said3-- ,i fe> t ,i may be compell$ to-night to d :at may appe> inhuman--turn out ! sick 9 ! /reet4 ,doctors w p]si/ 9 s5d+ sick1 (t5 )\t pap]s1 to get !m (f _! h&s1 & we _c s5d =w>d ! troops if we mu/ run our tra9s to ,wa%+ton ) sick to /& = h\rs unload$4 ,my fir/ c>e is to s5d =w>d troops1 next =age & subsi/5ce4 ,/ill m s]i\s 7 ! irregul>ities due to delays 9 ! unload+ ( trucks & ! return ( empties4 ,! am\nt ( roll+ /ock available 0 already inadequate to meet requirem5ts2 b ! effect ( ! %ortage 0 r5d]$ /ill worse by reason ( ^! delays1 due1 9 "p1 to ! too frequ5t insuffici5cy ( ! =ce available = unload+ a tra9 ( supplies ) ! exp$ition t %\ld h be5 %[n1 & 9 "p to ! ret5tion ( ! c>s = weeks toge!r z /oreh\ses2 ?\gh ! ma9 cause1 p]haps1 0 ! inability ( milit>y m51 inexp]i5c$ 9 railway work+1 to appreciate1 z railwaym5 w\ld d1 ! ne$ ( gett+ ! greate/ possible use out ( roll+ /ock 9 times ( em]g5cy1 & n all[+ x to /& idle long] ?an absolutely necess>y4 ,h[ su* delays int]f]$ ) ! effici5cy ( ! railways 0 indicat$ 9 "o ( ,haupt's (t-repeat$ prote/s1 9 :i* he wrote3-- ,if all c>s on _! arrival at a dept are imm$iately load$ or unload$ & return$1 & tra9s are run to s*$ule1 a s+le-track road1 9 good ord] & prop]ly equipp$1 may supply an army ( #bjj1jjj m5 :51 if ^! conditions are n compli$ )1 ! same road w n supply #cj1jjj4 ,on ,july #i1 #ahfc1 he telegraph$ to ,g5]al ,m4 ,c4 ,meigs3-- ,i am on my way to ,gettysburg aga94 ,f9d ?+s 9 great confusion4 ,road block$2 c>s n unload$2 /ores ord]$ to ,gettysburg--:]e !y /& = a long "t1 completely prev5t+ all movem5t !re--ord]$ back )\t unload+2 w\nd$ ly+ = h\rs )\t ability to c>ry !m (f4 ,all because ! simple rule ( promptly unload+ & return+ c>s is violat$4 ,z = ! effect ( all ^! conditions on ! milit>y situation z a :ole1 ?is is well %[n 9 ! foll[+ ,notice1 :i*1 reply+ to compla9ts t railwaym5 _h n treat$ ! milit>y (fic]s ) prop] respect1 ,haupt address$ ,to ag5ts & o!r employs ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,railroad ,dep>tm5t3-- ,:ile consci\s ( no disposition to %ield ! employs or ag5ts ( ! ,milit>y ,railroads f any c5sure or puni%m5t t is really m]it$1 ju/ice to !m requires me to /ate t1 s f>1 exam9ation has %[n t compla9ts aga9/ !m h be5 g5]ally )\t prop] f\ndation1 &1 :5 dem&s 7 n promptly compli$ )1 ! cause has be5 inability1 aris+ f want ( prop] notice1 & n indisposition4 ,(fic]s at po/s entru/$ ) ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 local duties1 & anxi\s1 z !y g5]ally are1 to dis*>ge !m effici5tly1 are n always able1 or dispos$1 to look beyond _! own p>ticul> sph]es4 ,!y expect dem&s on railway ag5ts to be promptly compli$ )1 )\t consid]+ t simil> dem&s1 at ! same "t1 9 addition to ! regul> tra9 s]vice & r\t9e duties1 may come f ,qu>t]ma/]s1 ,commiss>ies1 m$ical directors1 surgeons1 ordnance (fic]s1 ! ,comm&+ ,g5]al1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t & f o!r s\rces4 ,! ,milit>y ,railroads h utt]ly fail$ to furni% transportation to ev5 "o-fif? ( _! capacity :5 manag$ )\t a /rict con=mity to s*$ule & e/abli%$ rules4 ,punctuality & discipl9e are ev5 m important to ! op]ation ( a railroad ?an to ! movem5t ( an army2 & !y are vital 9 bo?4 ,x is d\btful if ev5 ! ,conf$]ate raid]s & wreck]s _h1 by _! de/ructive tactics1 dim9i%$ ! effici5cy ( ! ,union railways to ! ext5t ( ! f\r-fif?s "h attribut$ to ! irregul>ities & %ortcom+s ( ! ,f$]als !mselves4 ,! cle>e/ pro( 0 ?us af=d$ t1 if ! new arm 9 w>f>e :i* rail-p[] repres5t$ 0 to accompli% all x 0 capable ( do+1 x w\ld h to be sav$ f fri5ds q z mu* z f foes4 ,haupt1 z we h se51 suff]$ mu* f (fic]s dur+ ! "t he 0 connect$ ) ! ,milit>y ,railroads 9 ,virg9ia4 ,he _h ! sympa!tic support ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 :o telegraph$ to him on "o occasion 7,augu/ #bc1 #ahfb71 ,no milit>y (fic] w give any ord]s to y\r subord9ates except ?r\gh y1 nor w any ( !m attempt to int]f]e ) ! runn+ ( tra9s2 &1 also1 ( ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ,w>1 :o s\ght to soo! him 9 a message :i* said3--,be pati5t z possible ) ! ,g5]als4 ,"s ( !m w tr\ble y m ?an !y w ! enemy4 ,b ! abuses :i* arose 7 s s]i\s t1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! milit>y position itself1 !y call$ = a dra/ic rem$y2 & ?is 0 provid$ = by ! issue ( ! foll[+ ,ord]3-- ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,adjutant-,g5]al's ,(fice1 ,wa%+ton1 ,novemb] #aj1 #ahfb4 ,,special ,,ord]4 ,comm&+ (fic]s ( troops along ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,railroads w give all facilities to ! (fic]s ( ! road & ! ,qu>t]ma/]s = load+ & unload+ c>s s z to prev5t any delay4 ,on arrival at depts1 :e!r 9 ! day or night1 ! c>s w be in/antly unload$1 & work+ p>ties w always be 9 read9ess = t duty1 & suffici5t to unload ! :ole tra9 at once4 ,comm&+ (fic]s w be *>g$ ) gu>d+ ! track1 sid+s1 wood1 wat] tanks1 etc41 )9 _! sev]al comm&s1 & w be held responsible = ! result4 ,any milit>y (fic] :o %all neglect 8 duty 9 ?is respect w be report$ by ! ,qu>t]ma/]s & (fic]s ( ! railroad1 & 8 "n w be /rick5 f ! rolls ( ! ,army4 ,depts w be e/abli%$ at suitable po9ts "u ! direction ( ! ,comm&+ ,g5]al ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac1 & prop]ly gu>d$4 ,no (fic]1 :atev] may be 8 rank1 w int]f]e ) ! runn+ ( ! c>s1 z direct$ by ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! road4 ,any "o :o s int]f]es w be dismiss$ f ! s]vice = disob$i5ce ( ord]s4 ,by ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w>4 ,j4 ,c4 ,,kelton4 ,comm5t+ on ?is ,ord]1 ,g5]al ,mc,callum says 9 8 report t x 0 issu$ 9 consequ5ce ( sev]al attempts hav+ be5 made to op]ate railroads by ,army or dep>tm5tal comm&]s :i* _h1 )\t exception1 prov$ signal failures1 disorganis+ 9 t5d5cy & de/ructive ( all discipl9e2 & he proce$s3-- ,hav+ _h a some:at ext5sive railroad exp]i5ce1 bo? be=e & s9ce ! rebellion1 ,i consid] ?is ,ord] ( ! ,secret>y ( ,w> to h be5 ! v f\ndation ( success2 )\t x ! :ole railroad sy/em1 :i* _h prov$ an important elem5t 9 conduct+ milit>y movem5ts1 w\ld h be51 n only a co/ly b ludicr\s failure4 ,! fact %\ld be und]/ood t ! managem5t ( railroads is j z mu* a di/9ct pr(ession z is t ( ! art ( w>1 & %\ld be s reg>d$4 ,9 ,europe1 ,g]many & ,au/ria-,hung>y 7 ! fir/ c\ntries to attempt to solve problems t seem$ to g to ! v f\ndations ( ! practical usefulness ( rail-transport 9 w>4 ,v>i\s exhau/ive /udies !reon 7 writt5 by railway or milit>y au?orities1 & x may be ( int]e/ "h to ref]1 m especially1 to ! views express$ by an em95t ,g]man au?ority1 ,b>on ,m4 ,m4 von ,web]1 9 ,die ,s*ulung d] ,eis5bahn51 publi%$ 9 #ahgj4g ,railway irregul>ities peculi> to w> s]vice 7 /at$ by ?is writ] to be ma9ly ( ?ree k9ds3--7i7 ,delays f unsatisfactory arrangem5ts ( ! s]vice & f ! misemploym5t ( roll+ /ock2 7ii7 tempor>y int]ruption ( traffic ow+ to ! cr[d+ ( transport masses at ! /ations or sid+s2 7iii7 unsuitabl5ess ( ! /ations & conveyances = ! requir$ milit>y s]vices4 ,! special reasons = ! fir/ ( ^! causes he def9$ z 7a7 ! abs5ce ( suffici5t mutual compreh5sion betwe5 ! milit>y & ! railway (ficials2 7b7 ! /rict limitation ( ! effici5cy ( individual railway au?orities to _! own l9es only2 7c7 ! ignorance ( ! entire /aff ( ea* l9e ) reg>d to ! details & s]vice regulations ( ! neighb\r+ l9es2 & 7d7 ! impracticability ( employ+ c]ta9 modes ( c>ry+ on bus9ess beyond ! circuit to :i* !y belong4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be borne 9 m9d t ^! criticisms ( au?orities & _! /affs relate to ! conditions ( ! ,g]man railway sy/em 9 #ahgj1 at :i* "t1 z told by ,h4 ,budde1 9 ,die franzsis*5 ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege #ahgj-ga1 !re 7 9 ,g]many fifte5 sep>ate ,directions = ,/ate railways2 five ,directions ( private railways op]at$ by ! ,/ate2 & ?irty-"o ,directions ( private railways op]at$ by companies--a total ( fifty-"o controll+ bodies :i*1 on an av]age1 op]at$ only #baj miles ( l9e ea*4 ,on ! g5]al "q von ,web] obs]v$3-- ,! value 9 practice ( mutual intellig5ce betwe5 milit>y & railway (ficials has hi!rto be5 f> too slightly reg>d$4 ,dem&s = s]vices f milit>y au?orities1 impracticable f ! v nature ( railways 9 g5]al or ! nature ( ! exi/+ l9es 9 p>ticul>1 h occasion$ confusion & ill-w on ! "p ( ! railway au?orities & conductors4 ,on ! o!r h& ! latt] h frequ5tly decl>$ s]vices to be impracticable :i* 7 really n s4 ,all ?is has aris5 because ! two p>ties 9 ! transaction h too little insight into ! nature & me*anism ( _! respective call+s1 & reg>d _! p[]s m z contradictory ?an co-op]ative1 s t !y d n1 & _c1 "w toge!r4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! nature ( ! railway s]vice1 ) its modifications due to diff]5ces 9 ! nature ( ! gr\nd1 ! locality1 & ! organisation ( transport requirem5ts1 is app>5t to ! milit>y (fic]1 ev5 9 a g5]al way2 if he appreciates ! fact t ! same am\nt ( transport mu/ be diff]5tly p]=m$ :5 he passes f a level l9e to a m\nta9 l9e1 f a d\ble l9e to a s+le l9e1 f "o :]e ! signal & telegraph sy/em are 9 use to "o 9 :i* ^! organs ( safety & intellig5ce are de/roy$2 if he c judge ( ! capability ( /ations1 ! l5g? ( track1 & arrangem5ts = ! load+1 ord]+ & pass+ ( tra9s1 etc41 he w1 ) ?is k1 & 8 ord]s be+ fram$ 9 accordance ) x1 come mu* soon] & ) great] facility to an und]/&+ ) ! railway executives ?an if 8 comm&s _h to be rectifi$ by contradiction & ass]tion1 frequ5tly c>ri$ on "u ! influ5ce ( excit$ passions1 or attempt$ to be en=c$ by viol5ce4 ,! railway (ficial1 also1 :o has "s acqua9tance ) milit>y sci5ce1 :o und]/&s f practical exp]i5ce & inspection1 n conf9$ to 8 own l9e1 ! capabilities ( l9es & /ations 9 a milit>y po9t ( view1 w1 at 8 fir/ transaction ) ! milit>y au?orities1 ent] soon] into an und]/&+ ) !m ?an if he 7 defici5t 9 ?is k1 & w f9d himself 9 a position to co-op]ate1 & n be co]c$4 ,"h ! sugge/ion seems to be t ! individual ,army (fic] & ! individual railway executive1 or railway (ficial1 %\ld ea* become suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! te*nicalities ( ! o!r's bus9ess to be able to conduct _! relations ) mutual und]/&+4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be too mu* to expect t ?is plan c\ld be c>ri$ out z reg>ds ei!r ! milit>y elem5t 9 g5]al or ! railway elem5t 9 g5]al4 ,! real ne$ ( ! situation 01 r1 = "s int]m$i>y organisation :i*1 includ+ bo? elem5ts1 w\ld provide ! ma*9]y = close co-op]ation betwe5 ! ,army on ! "o side & ! railway on ! o!r1 guid+ ! ,army z to ! possibilities & limitations ( ! railway1 & con/itut+ ! recognis$ & sole m$ium ?r\gh :i* ord]s f ! ,army w\ld be convey$ to ! railway1 no individual comm&] or (fic] hav+ ! "r to give any direct ord] to ! railway executives or /affs on 8 own responsibility1 or to int]f]e 9 any way ) ! work+ ( ! railways1 except 9 "s su* case ( extreme em]g5cy z an attack by ! enemy on a railway /ation4 ,all ^! problems 7 to =m ! subject ( mu* m controv]sy1 toge!r ) mu* fur!r practical exp]i5ce1 9 v>i\s o!r c\ntries--& notably 9 ,france dur+ ! w> ( #ahgj-ga--;be=e1 z w be told 9 due c\rse1 !y 7 solv$ by ! adoption ( elaborate sy/ems ( organisation design$ to provide1 z f> z possible1 = all cont+5cies4 ,,footnote3 #g ,see ,bibliography4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,protection ,,( ,,railways ,,9 ,,w> ,! liability ( railway l9es to int]ruption or de/ruction--:e!r by bodies ( cavalry s5t across ! fronti] = t purpose1 & aim+ at damage on a l>ge scale2 by small] raid+ p>ties op]at+ 9 ! re> ( an advanc+ army2 or by individuals act+ on _! own acc\nt 9 a ho/ile c\ntry--r5d]$ necess>y f an e>ly date 9 ! railway era ! adoption ( protective measures ( a type & "* v>y+ accord+ to circum/ances2 :ile ^!1 9 turn1 introduc$ "s fur!r new features into mod]n w>f>e4 ,"u ! ord]s giv5 by ,g5]al ,mc,dowell = ! gu>d+ ( railways 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,rappahannock1 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 twelve s5t9els 7 po/$ along ea* mile ( track2 block-h\ses 7 con/ruct$ at ea* bridge1 at cross-roads1 & at int]vals along ! track2 pickets 7 ?r[n =w>d at v>i\s po9ts2 bu%es & trees 7 cle>$ away f alongside ! l9e1 & ! m5 at ea* po/ _h flags & lant]ns = signall+4 ,g5]al ,%]man took simil> measures to gu>d 8 rail communications betwe5 ,na%ville & ,atlanta4 ,precautions su* z ^! 7 direct$ ma9ly aga9/ ! enemy 9 ! field2 b an e>ly example 0 to be af=d$ ( h[ a civil population may ei!r conc]n !mselves or be conc]n$ aga9/ _! w 9 ! ma9t5ance ( rail communication = milit>y purposes4 ,?is position is well %[n 9 ! foll[+ proclamation1 issu$ ,july #cj1 #ahfc1 by ,major-,g5]al ,g4 ,g4 ,meade f ! head-qu>t]s ( ! ,army ( ! ,potomac at a "t :5 attempts to ?r[ troop tra9s (f ! railway l9es 7 a matt] ( daily occurr5ce3-- ,! num]\s depr$ations committ$ by citiz5s or rebel soldi]s 9 disguise1 h>b\r$ & conceal$ by citiz5s1 along ! ,orange & ,alex&ria ,railroad1 & )9 our l9es1 call = prompt & exempl>y puni%m5t4 ,"u ! in/ructions ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 !re=e1 e citiz5 aga9/ :om !re is suffici5t evid5ce ( 8 hav+ engag$ 9 ^! practices w be arre/$ & conf9$ = puni%m5t1 or put beyond ! l9es4 ,! p )9 t5 miles ( ! railroad are notifi$ t !y w be held responsible1 9 _! p]sons & prop]ty1 = any injury done to ! road1 tra9s1 depts or /ations by citiz5s1 gu]illas or p]sons 9 disguise2 & 9 case ( su* injury !y w be impress$ z lab\r]s to repair all damages4 ,if ^! measures %\ld n /op su* depr$ations1 x w become ! unpleasant duty ( ! und]sign$1 9 ! execution ( 8 in/ructions1 to direct t ! entire inhabitants ( ! di/rict ( c\ntry along ! railroad be put across ! l9es1 & _! prop]ty tak5 = ,gov]nm5t uses4 ,on ! ,manassas ,gap ,railway ,g5]al ,aug] fur!r s\ght to protect ,f$]al army tra9s aga9/ gu]illa attacks by plac+ 9 a conspicu\s position 9 ea* ( su* tra9s "s ( ! lead+ ,conf$]ates resid+ )9 ,union l9es1 s t1 %\ld any accid5t happ5 to ! tra91 !y w\ld run ! risk ( be+ among ! victims4 ,9 ! ,au/ro-,prussian ,w> ( #ahff ! pr9ciple ( puni%+ ! civil population = attacks on ! railway l9es und]w5t a fur!r developm5t4 ,capta9 ,webb] says 9 ref]5ce to ! l9e ?r\gh ,turnau1 ,prague & ,p>dubitz to ,brnn#h3 ,! ,prussians 7 =tunate 9 be+ able to pres]ve ! l9e intact f injury by ! inhabitants1 p>tly by ! numb] & /r5g? ( ! gu>ds po/$ along x1 & p>tly f ! t]ror ( reprisals :i* !y _h inspir$4 ,capta9 ,webb] sugge/s t1 9 ! face ( an active enemy1 & 9 a c\ntry :]e ! population 0 ho/ile1 x w\ld h be5 impossible to dep5d on ! railway z a pr9cipal l9e ( communication2 b ! significance ( 8 expression1 ! t]ror ( reprisals1 z d5ot+ ! policy adopt$ by ,prussia s f> back z #ahff1 w n be lo/ on ^? :o are only too well acqua9t$ ) m rec5t developm5ts ( ! same policy by ! same c\ntry4 ,! numb] ( m5 p] mile requir$ = gu>d+ a l9e ( rail communication is decl>$ by ,capta9 ,john ,bigel[1 9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,/rategy 7,philadelphia1 #ahid71 to be exce$+ly v>iable1 dep5d+ z x does ^u ! tactical features ( ! c\ntry & ! temp] ( ! inhabitants4 ,accord+1 he says1 to ! e/imate ( ! ,g]mans = ! conditions ( ,european w>f>e1 ! numb] w av]age ab\t #a1jjj m5 = e /ret* ( fifte5 miles4 ,at ?is rate an army sixty miles f its base requires ab\t #d1jjj m5 = ! protection ( ea* l9e ( communication4 ,) ! help ( figures su* z ^! "o may1 p]haps1 und]/& ! m readily h[ x is t a ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 ( m]ciless disposition1 & want+ to reta9 ! active s]vices ( e soldi] he possibly c 9 ! int]e/s ( an e>ly & successful advance w1 by spread+ a feel+ ( t]ror among ! civil population1 seek to r$uce to z l[ a figure z circum/ances w p]mit ! numb] ( m5 he mu/ leave beh9d to gu>d 8 l9es ( rail communication4 ,^! consid]ations w be f\nd to apply ) ! great] =ce :5 x is rememb]$ t 9 ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> ( #ahgj-ga ! ,prussians _h to adopt an especially elaborate sy/em = safegu>d+ _! l9es ( communication ) ,g]many dur+ ! "t !y occupi$ ,fr5* t]ritory4 ,at ea* railway /ation !y plac$ a gu>d =m$ ( deta*m5ts ( ! ,l&wehr1 :ile small deta*m5ts 7 /ation$ 9 t[ns & villages 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,9 ea* signal-box a deta*m5t ( troops 0 /ation$1 & ! :ole l9e ( railway 0 patroll$ f po/s e/abli%$ along x at di/ances ( e ?ree or f\r miles4 ,altoge!r1 ! ,g]mans are said to h employ$1 on ov] #b1jjj miles ( ,fr5* railway l9es controll$ by !m1 z _m z #ajj1jjj troops = protective purposes only2 & ev5 !n ! franc-tireurs 7 able to cause _m int]ruptions4 ,"u a ,prussian regulation dat$ ,may #b1 #ahfg1 x 0 laid d[n t aft] ! re/oration ( any l9es tak5 possession ( 9 an enemy's t]ritory1 notice %\ld be giv5 t 9 ! ev5t ( any fur!r damage be+ done to ! railway1 ! locality w\ld be subject to a f9e ( at lea/ #ejj ?al]s1 ! belong+s ( ! inhabitants w\ld be liable to seizure1 & ! local au?orities might be arre/$4 ,z a fur!r precaution>y measure 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga1 ! ,g]mans took a h9t f ! example ( ! ,union ,g5]als 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> by compell+ a lead+ citiz5 ( ! di/rict pass$ ?r\gh to ride on ! eng9e ( ea* tra9 run by !m on ,fr5* soil4 ,9 def5ce ( ?is practice1 ! ,g]man ,g5]al ,/aff say 9 _! h&book on ,! ,usages ( ,w>#i3-- ,s9ce ! lives ( peaceable inhabitants 71 )\t any fault on _! "p1 !reby expos$ to grave dang]1 e writ] outside ,g]many has /igmatis$ ?is measure z contr>y to ! law ( nations & z unju/ifi$ t[>ds ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry4 ,z aga9/ ?is unfav\rable criticism x mu/ be po9t$ out t ?is measure1 :i* 0 also recognis$ on ! ,g]man side z h>% & cruel1 0 only resort$ to aft] decl>ations & in/ructions ( ! occupy+ au?orities _h prov$ ineffective1 & t 9 ! p>ticul> circum/ances x 0 ! only me?od :i* promis$ to be effective aga9/ ! d\btless unau?oris$1 inde$ ! crim9al1 behavi\r ( a fanatical population4 ,h]e9 lies its ju/ification "u ! laws ( w>1 b /ill m 9 ! fact t x prov$ completely successful1 & t :]ev] citiz5s 7 ?us c>ri$ on ! tra9s 444 ! security ( traffic 0 assur$4 ,writ+ "u date ,decemb] #af1 #ahgj1 ,bus* (f]$ ! foll[+ ju/ification = ! c\rse adopt$3-- ,!y 7 tak51 n to s]ve z a h9drance to ,fr5* h]oism1 b z a precaution aga9/ trea*]\s crime4 ,! railway does n c>ry m]ely soldi]s1 ammunition & o!r w> mat]ial aga9/ :i* x may be all[able to use viol5t measures2 x also conveys a great numb] ( w\nd$1 doctors1 hospital att5dants1 & o!r p]fectly h>mless p]sons4 ,is a peasant or franc-tireur to be all[$ to endang] hundr$s ( ^? lives by remov+ a rail or lay+ a /one ^u ! l9e8 ,let ! ,fr5* see t ! security ( ! railway tra9s is no long] ?reat5$ & ! j\rneys made by ^? ho/ages w be m]ely out+s1 or our p may ev5 be able to =go su* precaution>y measures4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>1 ,field-,m>%al ,e>l ,rob]ts issu$ at ,pretoria1 on ,june #ai1 #aijj1 a proclamation "o section ( :i* au?oris$ ! plac+ ( lead+ m5 among ! ,bo]s on ! locomotives ( ! tra9s run by ! ,briti% on ! occupi$ t]ritory2 b ?is p>ticul> section 0 )drawn eight days aft]w>ds4 ,! ,engli% view ( ! practice 9 "q is ?us def9$ 9 ! (ficial ,manual ( ,milit>y ,law 7,*ap4 ,,xiv1 ,! ,laws & ,usages ( ,w>1 p>4 #dfc73-- ,su* measures expose ! lives ( inhabitants1 n only to ! illegitimate acts ( tra9 wreck+ by private enemy individuals1 b also to ! lawful op]ations ( raid+ p>ties ( ! arm$ =ces ( ! bellig]5t1 & _c1 !re=e1 be consid]$ a comm5dable practice4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ! attacks made on ! railway l9es 9 ! ,orange ,free ,/ate & ! ,transvaal dur+ ! ,briti% occupation1 entr5*$ po/s 7 plac$ at e bridge exce$+ a #cj-;feet span2 con/ant patroll+ 0 ma9ta9$ betwe5 ^! po/s2 & ! block-h\ses introduc$ 79 #aija7 by ,"l ,kit*5] 7 erect$ along all ! railway l9es1 at di/ances ( ab\t #b1jjj y>ds4 ,ea* block-h\se1 also1 0 g>rison$ by ab\t t5 m51 & ea* 0 surr\nd$ by wire entanglem5ts :i*1 toge!r ) v>i\s k9ds ( al>m f5ces1 7 also plac$ betwe5 ! block-h\ses !mselves 9 ord] bo? to imp$e ! approa* ( ! enemy & to w>n ! g>rison !re(4 ,block-h\ses are to-day reg>d$ z "o ( ! *ief means ( protect+ railways aga9/ attacks4 ,_! con/ruction & equipm5t are dealt ) by ,major ,w4 ,d4 ,connor1 ( ! ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4,a41 9 ,milit>y ,railways 7,pr(essional ,pap]s1 ,no4 #cb1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4 ,army1 ,wa%+ton1 #aiaj74 ,supplem5t>y to ! adoption ( ?is block-h\se sy/em1 9 "t ( w>1 is ! practice foll[$ 9 v>i\s ,cont95tal c\ntries1 9 "t ( peace1 ( build+ p]man5t =tresses1 9 solid masonry1 alongside railway bridges cross+ important riv]s4 ,9 "s in/ances ! =tress is s con/ruct$ t ! railway l9es pass ?r\gh ! c5tre ( x4 ,n only1 z a rule1 are ^! =tresses extremely solid & sub/antial1 b !y may be provid$ ) bomb-pro( cov]s & be /ock$ ) a suffici5t supply ( provisions to be able to /&1 if necess>y1 a fairly prolong$ siege4 ,"o c assume1 also1 t ! g>rison w\ld h "u its control facilities arrang$ 9 advance = ! de/ruction ( ! bridge1 z a la/ resort1 9 case ( ne$4 ,! !ory is t su* =tresses & _! g>risons %\ld be ( especial advantage1 on ! outbreak ( w>1 9 *eck+ any sudd5 invasion & all[+ "t = ! completion ( def5sive measures4 ,_! con/ruction 9 connection ) all ! pr9cipal railway bridges cross+ ! ,rh9e 0 especially fav\r$ 9 ,prussia aft] ! w> ( #ahgj-a4 ,simil> =tresses1 or int]rupt+ =ts1 z ! ,g]mans call !m1 are also built = ! protection ( important tunnels1 junctions1 locomotive & c>riage works1 etc4 ,ano!r me?od adopt$ = ! safegu>d+ ( railway l9es 9 w> is ! use ( arm\r$ tra9s2 ?\gh 9 practice ^! are also employ$ = ! purposes ( indep5d5t attacks on ! enemy1 ap>t altoge!r f any "q ( ensur+ ! safety ( rail communication4#aj ,= ! protection ( locomotives & roll+ /ock1 & to prev5t n only _! capture b _! use by ! enemy1 ! mo/ efficaci\s me?od to adopt is1 ( c\rse1 t ( remov+ !m to "s locality :]e ! enemy is n likely to come4 ,:51 9 #ahff1 ,au/ria saw t %e c\ld n hold back ! ,prussian invad]1 %e took (f into ,hung>y no few] ?an #a1jjj locomotives & #af1jjj wagons f ! railways 9 ,bohemia & ,saxony4 ,simil> tactics 7 adopt$ by ! ,bo]s z aga9/ ourselves 9 ! w> 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,on ! ,briti% troops cross+ into ! ,orange ,free ,/ate1 f ,cape ,colony1 !y f\nd t ! retreat+ enemy _h )drawn all _! roll+ /ock1 z well z all _! /affs f ! railway /ations1 leav+ beh9d only a m or less damag$ l9e ( railway4 ,subsequ5tly1 :5 ! =ces occupi$ ,pretoria1 !y c]ta9ly did f9d !re sixte5 locomotives & #djj trucks2 b ! /ation books %[$ t 9 ! previ\s =ty-eight h\rs no few] ?an sev5ty tra9s1 _m ( !m drawn by two eng9es1 _h be5 s5t ea/ 9 ! direction ( ,delagoa ,bay4 ,:5 x is n practicable to )draw locomotives & roll+ /ock :i* x is desir$ ! enemy %all n be able to use1 ! obvi\s alt]native is t measures %\ld be tak5 ei!r to remove vital p>ts or to ensure _! de/ruction4 ,c]ta9 ( ! me?ods adopt$ dur+ ! ,civil ,w> 9 ,am]ica 7 especially efficaci\s 9 atta9+ ! latt] result4 ,9 "s in/ances tra9s 7 />t$ runn+ & !n--driv] & fireman leap+ (f ! eng9e--7 left to g into a riv]1 or to fall ?r\gh a brok5 viaduct4 ,9 o!r in/ances two tra9s1 aft] hav+ _h a good supply ( explosives put 9 !m1 w\ld be all[$ to da% into "o ano!r at full spe$4 ,_m locomotives _h _! boil]s bur/1 & wagons 7 set on fire aft] hav+ be5 fill$ up ) combu/ibles4 ,/ill ano!r me?od :i* has be5 adopt$ ) a view to prev5t+ an enemy f us+ ! railways he might succe$ 9 captur+ is t ( con/ruct+ !m ) a diff]5t gauge4 ,! /&>d gauge ( ! ma9-l9e railways 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,belgium1 ,d5m>k1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 ,italy1 ,switz]l&1 ,r\mania & ,turkey 7l t1 also1 ( railways 9 ,great ,brita91 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates71 is #d;ft4 #h;941 all[+ tra9s to pass readily f "o c\ntry to ! o!r ) ! same roll+ /ock2 b ! gauge ( ! ,russian railways is #e;ft41 necessitat+ a trans%ipm5t f "o tra9 to ano!r :5 ! fronti] is rea*$4 ,simil> conditions are f\nd 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal1 :]e ! /&>d gauge is #e;ft4 #f;94#aa ,russia adopt$ h] broad] gauge s t1 9 case ( invasion1 ! invad] %\ld n be able to run 8 roll+-/ock ov] h] l9es1 z ,g]many1 = in/ance1 w\ld be able to d 9 ! case ( ! railways ( ,belgium & ,france4 ,?us f>1 !re=e1 ,russia /r5g!n$ h] position f ! po9t ( view ( def5ce2 b %e weak5$ x z reg>ds attack1 s9ce if %e %\ld h]self want1 ei!r to become ! invad] or to s5d troop tra9s ov] neighb\r+ t]ritory to "s po9t beyond1 %e w\ld be at a disadvantage4 ,9 ! ,russo-,turki% ,w> ( #ahgg-gh1 :5 ! ,russian =ces pass$ ?r\gh ,r\mania on _! way to ,turkey1 ! diff]5ce 9 gauge betwe5 ! ,russian & ! ,r\manian railways caus$ great delay & inconv5i5ce by reason ( ! necess>y transf] ( troops1 /ores1 guns1 ammunition1 torp$o boats1 etc41 at ! fronti]4 ,x %\ld1 also1 be rememb]$ t ! r$uction ( a broad gauge to a n>r[ "o is a mu* simpl] matt]1 f an eng9e]+ po9t ( view1 ?an ! wid5+ ( a n>r[] gauge into a broad "o4 ,9 ! =m] case ! exi/+ sleep]s1 bridges1 tunnels1 plat=ms1 etc41 w\ld /ill s]ve _! purpose4 ,9 ! latt] case fre% sleep]s might h to be laid1 bridges & tunnels wid5$ or enl>g$1 & plat=ms & /ations alt]$1 use ( ! broad]-gauge roll+ /ock ?us involv+ an almo/ complete recon/ruction ( ! railway l9es4 ,to ?is ext5t1 !re=e1 ! balance ( advantage w\ld seem to be aga9/ ! c\ntry hav+ ! broad] gauge4 ,! conclusion may1 at lea/1 be =m$ t su* a c\ntry is f> m b5t on protect+ h] own t]ritory ?an on invad+ t ( h] neighb\rs4 ,! c\rse adopt$ by ,g]many = ov]com+ ! difficulty :i*1 9 ! ev5t ( h] seek+ to invade ,russia1 ! diff]5ce ( railway gauge 9 t c\ntry w\ld pres5t1 w be told 9 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,footnotes3 #h ,notes on ! ,campaign 9 ,bohemia 9 #ahff4 ,by ,capt4 ,webb]1 ,r4,e4 ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,n4,s41 vol4 xvi4 ,woolwi*1 #ahfh4 #i ,! ,g]man ,w> ,book4 ,be+ ! ,usages ( ,w> on ,l&2 issu$ by ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff ( ! ,g]man ,army4 ,london1 #aiae4 #aj ,! subject ( arm\r$ tra9s w be dealt ) m fully 9 ,*apt]s ,,vii & ,,xvi4 #aa ,see ,field ,s]vice ,pocket ,book1 #aiad1 pp4 #aea-b4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,troops ,,& ,,supplies ,9 ! e>li] controv]sies z to ! use ( railways 9 w>1 att5tion 0 almo/ entirely conc5trat$ on que/ions relat+ to ! movem5t ( l>ge masses ( troops1 ! sav+ ( "t to be effect$1 & ! /rategic advantages to be ga9$4 ,^! consid]ations quickly pass$ f ! !oretical to ! practical1 & :5 ! results atta9$ 7 put aga9/ su* facts z1 = in/ance1 ! "o t 9 #ahje ,napoleon's ,gr& ,army ( #bjj1jjj m5 took =ty-two days to m>* ! #gjj kilometres 7#dce miles7 betwe5 ,ulm on ! ,danube & ! ,fr5* camp at ,b\logne1 !re 0 no long] any possibility ( d\bt z to ! s]vices t railways might r5d] f ^! p>ticul> po9ts ( view4 ,quick] transport 01 h[ev]1 only "o consid]ation4 ,!re 0 ! fur!r important detail t ! movem5t ( troops by rail w\ld br+ !m to _! po9t ( conc5tration1 n only soon]1 b 9 m complete numb]s1 ?an if !y _h to endure ! fatigues ( prolong$ m>*es by road4 ,accord+ to ,g]man au?orities1 ! fall+-out ( infantry & cavalry :5 m>*+ along good roads "u conditions ( well-ma9ta9$ discipl9e & adequate food supplies av]ages ?ree p] c5t4 9 cool & dry wea!r1 & six p] c5t4 9 hot or wet wea!r2 :ile 9 unfav\rable conditions z reg>ds roads1 wea!r & supplies1 ! dim9ution may be enorm\s4 ,:51 9 ! autumn ( #agii1 ,suvr(f made 8 fam\s m>* ov] ! ,/4 ,go?>d1 he lo/1 9 elev5 days1 no few] ?an #aj1jjj m5 ow+ to ! h>d%ips ( ! j\rney4 ,9 8 invasion ( ,russia1 9 #ahab1 ,napoleon's losses 9 m5 :o succumb$ to ! fatigues & trials !y exp]i5c$ on ! road 7 out ( all proportion to ! casualties due to actual fight+4 ,x 01 too1 a say+ ( ,bl*]'s t he fe>$ night m>*es worse ?an ! enemy4 ,an ,engli% au?ority1 ,lieut4-,col4 ,r4 ,home1 ,c4,b41 ,r4,e41 wrote 9 a pap] on ,! ,organisation ( ! ,communications1 includ+ ,railways1 publi%$ 9 ,vol ,,xix4 ( ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution 7#ahge73-- ,if an army ( mod]ate size1 say #ej1jjj m51 simply m>*es "o hundr$ miles )\t fir+ "o %ot or see+ an enemy ! numb] ( sick to be got rid ( is v great4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t 9 a good climate1 ) abundant food1 easy m>*es1 & fair wea!r1 ! wa/e f ord9>y causes 9 a t5 days' m>* ( su* a =ce w\ld be betwe5 #b1jjj & #b1ejj m51 :ile ! numb] ( gall$1 footsore or worn-out horses w\ld also be v l>ge4 ,a few wet days or a %>p engagem5t w\ld raise ! numb] ( bo? v consid]ably4 ,an ineffici5t man or horse at ! front is a positive disadvantage4 ,ano!r equally important detail relates to ! provision ( supplies = ! troops & animals ?us transport$ by rail bo? m quickly & ) less fatigue4 ,9 all ages ! fe$+ ( 8 troops 9 an enemy's c\ntry has be5 "o ( ! grave/ problems a milit>y comm&] has _h to solve2 & ?\gh1 9 "s in/ances1 va/ armies h succe$$ 9 draw+ suffici5t support f ! l& !y h invad$1 !re h be5 o!rs 9 :i* an army int5d+ to live ^u ! c\ntry has fail$ to get ! food x ne$$1 & has _h its numb]s deplet$ to ! ext5t ( ?\s&s z ! result ( %e] />vation4 ,?is 0 ! exp]i5ce ( ,d>ius1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 :o1 9 #eac ,b4,c41 cross$ ! ,bosporus1 on a bridge ( boats1 ) an army ( #gjj1jjj1 foll[$ ! retreat+ ,scy?ians1 & lo/ #hj1jjj ( 8 m5 9 wild /eppes :]e no means exi/$ = fe$+ !m4 ,:51 also1 ,alex&] ! ,great 0 )draw+ f ,india1 9 #cbe ,b4,c41 two-?irds ( 8 =ce di$ on ! des]t pla9s ( ,belu*i/an f ?ir/ or hung]4 ,lack ( ! supplies f :i* he f\nd himself entirely cut (f 01 aga91 a ma9 cause ( ! disa/] t ov]took ,napoleon 9 8 ,russian campaign4 ,ev5 f]tile or comp>atively f]tile l&s1 satisfy+ ! ne$s ( _! inhabitants 9 "t ( peace1 may fail to af=d provisions = an invad+ army1 ei!r because ( ! great numb] ( ! latt] or because ! retreat+ population h de/roy$ ! food supplies !y c\ld n take ) !m into ! int]ior :e!r = _! own su/5ance or ) a view to />v+ ! invad]s4 ,%\ld ! invad+ army succe$ 9 liv+ on ! c\ntry1 ! effect ( leav+ ! troops to _! own res\rces1 9 ! way ( collect+ food1 may /ill be n only subv]sive ( discipl9e b ( /rategic disadvantage ?r\gh _! be+ scatt]$ on m>aud+ exp$itions at a "t :51 possibly1 x w\ld be pref]able to keep !m conc5trat$4 ,g5]al ,friron1 *ief ( ! /aff ( ,m>%al ,massna1 wrote conc]n+ ,napoleon's campaign 9 ,portugal3-- ,! day ! soldi] became conv9c$ t1 = ! future1 he w\ld h to dep5d on himself1 discipl9e disappe>$ f ! ranks ( ! army4 ,! (fic] became p[]less 9 ! pres5ce ( want2 he 0 no long] dispos$ to reprim& ! soldi] :o br\ght him ! n\ri%m5t ess5tial to 8 exi/5ce1 & :o %>$ ) him1 9 bro!rly goodwill1 a prey :i* may h co/ him incalculable dang]s & fatigues4 ,! ext5t to :i* a comb9ation ( physical fatigue & %ortness ( supplies 9 an inhospitable c\ntry may int]f]e ) ! effici5cy ( an army is well %[n by ,?i]s 7,hi/oire du ,consulat et de l',empire7 9 reg>d to ! conditions at ! v outset ( ,napoleon's ,russian campaign4 ,! ,fr5* troops arriv+ on ! ,niem5--at :i* po9t !y 7 m]ely on ! fronti]s ( ,russia--7 already ov]come by ! long m>*es !y _h made4 ,!y _h no bread1 no salt1 & no spirits2 _! crav+ = food c\ld no long] be satisfi$ by meat )\t salt & meal mix$ ) wat]4 ,! horses1 too1 7 out ( condition = want ( prop] food4 ,beh9d ! army a great numb] ( soldi]s dropp$ out ( ! ranks & _h lo/ _! way1 :ile ! few p !y met 9 a scantily-populat$ di/rict c\ld speak no?+ b ,poli%1 :i* ! we>i$ & fami%$ m5 7 unable to und]/&4 ,yet1 "u ! conditions ( =m] days1 x 0 by troops ?us exhau/$ by m>*es ( hundr$s ( miles1 done on1 possibly1 a />vation diet1 t battles involv+ ! sev]e/ /ra9 on human en]gy 7 f\ght4 ,:5 liv+ on ! c\ntry is no long] practicable1 ! only alt]native = an army is1 ( c\rse1 t ( s5d+ supplies aft] x = ! fe$+ ( ! troops2 b :51 or :]e1 ?is has _h to be done by means ( ord9>y road s]vices1 x has involv$--toge!r ) ! transport ( artill]y1 ammunition & /ores--7#a7 ! employm5t ( an enorm\s numb] ( vehicles & animals1 greatly complicat+ ! movem5ts ( ! army2 & 7#b7 a limitation ( ! di/ance )9 :i* a campaign c be wag$ by an army dep5d+ entirely on its own res\rces4 ,! latt] ( ^! conditions 0 ! direct consequ5ce ( ! =m]2 & ! reason = ?is 0 %[n by ,g5]al ,w4 ,t4 ,%]man 9 an article contribut$ by him to ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e = ,febru>y1 #ahhh 7pp4 #eie-f71 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he says3-- ,accord+ to ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 an army moves ^u its belly1 n ^u its legs2 & no army dep5d5t on wagons c op]ate m ?an a hundr$ miles f its base because ! teams go+ & return+ consume ! cont5ts ( _! wagons1 leav+ little or no?+ = ! ma9t5ance ( m5 & animals at ! front :o are fully employ$ 9 fight+4 ,!re 01 aga91 ! risk :5 food supplies foll[$ ! army by road ei!r ( p]i%ables go+ bad en r\te1 ow+ to ! "t tak5 9 _! transport by wagon1 or ( _! suff]+ det]ioration z ! result ( exposure to wea!r1 ! consequ5ce 9 ei!r case be+ a dim9ution 9 ! am\nt ( provisions available = fe$+ ! army4 ,all ^! v>i\s conditions h be5 *ang$ by ! railway1 ! use ( :i* = ! purposes ( w> has1 9 reg>d to ! =w>d+ ( supplies1 introduc$ innovations :i* are q z important z ^? relat+ to ! movem5t ( troops--if1 inde$1 ! =m] advantages are n ( ev5 great] importance ?an ! latt]4 ,?anks to ! railway1 an army c n[ draw its supplies f ! :ole ( ! int]ior ( ! home c\ntry--provid$ t ! l9es ( communication c be kept op52 &1 ) ! help n only ( regul> rail s]vices b ( /ores & magaz9es en r\te ^? supplies c be =w>d$ to railhead 9 j su* quantities z !y may be want$4 ,"u ^! conditions ! fe$+ ( an army 9 ! field %\ld be assur$ reg>dless alike ( ! possible scanty res\rces ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* x is engag$ & ( its own di/ance f ! base ( supplies4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,arm\r$ ,,tra9s ,9 ! issue ( ! n[ defunct ,london p]iodical1 ,once a ,week1 = ,augu/ #ac1 #ahei1 !re 0 publi%$ an article on ,engli% ,railway ,artill]y3 ,a ,*eap ,def5ce aga9/ ,invasion1 9 :i* x 0 said1 among o!r ?+s3-- ,we h hi!rto reg>d$ ! rail m]ely z a vehicle ( transport1 to c>ry mat]ials :i* are n to be set 9 "w till (f ! rails4 ,if we look at ! rail z "p ( an in/rum5t ( w>f>e1 we %all be />tl$ at ! enorm\s means we h at h&1 in/antly available1 f m]cantile purposes1 to conv]t to eng9es ( w>4 ,! writ] 0 ,william ,bridges ,adams 7#agig-ahgb71 an au?ority on railways :o _h gr[n up ) !m1 _h introduc$ into _! op]ation _m inv5tions & improvem5ts 7includ+ ! fi%-jo9t /ill us$ = connect+ rails71 & 0 ! au?or ( v>i\s books & pap]s on railways1 transport1 & o!r subjects4 ,8 new idea1 z set =? 9 ! article 9 "q1 0 specially direct$ to ! utilisation ( railways = def5d+ ! %ores ( ,great ,brita9 aga9/ an invad]2 & 9 develop+ ?is idea he 01 also1 z f> z c be trac$1 ! fir/ to sugge/ ! employm5t ( arm\r$ tra9s4 ,! imm$iate reason alike = ! writ+ ( ! article & = ! mak+ ( ! sugge/ion 0 t 9 #ahei ,great ,brita9 appe>$ to be fac$ by ! prospect ( invasion by ,france1--a prospect :i*1 9 view ( ! !n admitt$ly defective condition ( ! national def5ces1 l$ to ! creation ( ! ,volunte] ,corps1 to ! appo9tm5t ( a ,royal ,commission to inquire into ! "q ( coa/ def5ce1 & to sugge/ions be+ put =w>d by _m diff]5t au?orities z to :at %\ld be done4 ,among ^? sugge/ions 0 "o by ! writ] 9 "q = supplem5t+ any sy/em ( coa/ def5ce t might be adopt$ by ! m\nt+ ( guns on railway trucks protect$ by arm\r1 su* trucks be+ mov$ f po9t to po9t along ! coa/ railways to meet1 z f> z possible1 ! ne$s ( ! milit>y situation4 ,heavy artill]y1 wrote ,adams1 ?\gh ! mo/ =midable implem5t ( mod]n w>f>e1 _h ! disadvantage ( requir+ _m horses to draw x4 ,s ! problem arose z to h[ ! horses c\ld be disp5s$ )4 ,?is c\ld be/ be done1 he ?\ght1 by putt+ artill]y on our true l9e ( def5ce1--our rails1 & hav+ x drawn1 or propell$1 by a locomotive4 ,m\nt1 he said1 a gun ( tw5ty tons weight on a railway truck1 ) a circul> trav]s+ plat=m1 & capable ( ?r[+ a %ot or %ell weigh+ "o hundr$ to "o & a half a di/ance ( five miles4 ,a truck on eight :eels w\ld c>ry ?is v easily1 & !re w\ld be no recoil4 ,su* a batt]y w\ld be practically a mov+ =tress1 &1 us$ on ! coa/ railways1 :i* he reg>d$ z con/itut+ l9es ( def5ce1 w\ld be ! *eape/ ( all possible =tresses--absolutely a cont9u\s =tress along ! :ole coa/4 ,communication ) coa/ railways at all /rategical po9ts %\ld1 h[ev]1 be facilitat$ by ! plac+ ( rails along ! ord9>y highways4 ,aft] giv+ "s te*nical details z to ! con/ruction alike ( coa/ railways & road tramways1 he proce$$3-- ,) ^! roads communicat+ ) ! railroads1 ! :ole railway sy/em becomes applicable to milit>y purposes4 ,! railway sy/em is s especially adapt$ = def5ce1 & s little adapt$ to invad]s1 t x %\ld become at once a matt] ( exp]im5t h[ be/ to adapt ,arm/rong or o!r guns to its uses4 ,! process ( fitt+ ! eng9es ) %ot-pro( walls to protect ! driv]s aga9/ riflem5 w\ld be v easy4444 ,no?+ b artill]y c\ld damage ! eng9es or mov+ batt]ies1 & artill]y c\ld n get ne> !m if x 7 desirable to keep out ( ! way4 ,"o gun transportable w\ld d ! "w ( t5 :i* are fixtures 9 =ts1 & !re w\ld be no m5 to take prison]s1 = no =ts w\ld be captur$4 ,! m ?is sy/em is ?\ght ( ! m ! conviction w gr[ t x is ! simple/ mode ( r5d]+ ! c\ntry imp5etrable to invad]s at a comp>atively trifl+ co/4 ,x w be se5 t ! s*eme "h propos$ includ$ ?ree sep>ate propositions--7#a7 ! use ( railways1 z eng9es ( w>1 = coa/ def5ce2 7#b7 ! m\nt+ ( ,arm/rong or o!r guns on railway trucks f :i* !y c\ld be dis*>g$ = ! purposes ( su* def5ce2 & 7#c7 ! provid+ ( ! eng9es ) %ot-pro( walls = ! protection ( ! driv]s4 ,a simil> protection = ! m5 op]at+ ! guns on ! trucks 0 n !n1 app>5tly1 consid]$ necess>y2 b we h "h :at 0 cle>ly ! g]m ( ! arm\r$ tra94 ,among ! o!r sugge/ions advanc$ on ! same occasion 7 "s = ! employm5t ( railways 9 g5]al = /rategical purposes1 & m especially = ! def5ce ( ,london2 & "h1 aga91 ! employm5t ( arm\r$ tra9s 0 advocat$4 ,a ,/aff ,(fic]1 writ+ 9 ,! ,times ( ,july #af1 #ahfj1 decl>$ t ! mo/ efficaci\s & ! mo/ economical l9e ( def5ce :i* ,london c\ld h w\ld be a circul> railway =m+ a complete cordon ar\nd ! ,metropolis at a di/ance ( fifte5 miles f ! c5tre1 & hav+ = its int]ior l9es ( op]ation ! num]\s railways already exi/+ )9 t radius4 ,on ?is circul> railway !re %\ld be ,arm/rong & ,:itwor? ordnance m\nt$ on l>ge iron-plat$ trucks fitt$ ) trav]s+ plat=ms 9 ! way already recomm5d$ by ,w4 ,bridges ,adams1 ! trucks !mselves1 h[ev]1 & n only ! locomotives1 be+ protect$ by %ot-pro( %ields4 ,! circul> railway 0 to be con/ruct$ prim>ily = /rategical purposes2 b dur+ peace ! l9e w\ld be available = ord9>y traffic1 & 9 ?is way x c\ld be made to yield at lea/ "s return on ! capital exp5diture4 ,! writ] ( ?is lett]1 ,lieut4 ,ar?ur ,walk]1 !n an (fic] ( ! #gi? ,highl&]s & ! hold] ( a /aff appo9tm5t at ! ,s*ool ( ,musketry1 ,fleetwood1 foll[$ up ! subject by read+ a pap] on ,coa/ ,railways & ,railway ,artill]y at a meet+ ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution on ,janu>y #cj1 #ahfe4ab ,on ?is occasion he specially advocat$ ! use ( moveable batt]ies = coa/ def5ce 9 conjunction ) railways con/ruct$ m or less )9 a %ort p>allel di/ance ( ! entire coa/ l9e4 ,field artill]y1 he recomm5d$1 %\ld be m\nt$ on a truck ! sides ( :i* w\ld be encas$ 9 a cuirass ( suffici5t ?ickness1 :ile ! eng9e & t5d] w\ld also be protect$ by an iron cuirass1 & plac$ betwe5 two cupolas = fur!r protection4 ,he consid]$ t to attempt to l& 9 face ( su* an eng9e ( w> z ?is w\ld be simply impossible4 ,mov+ batt]ies ( ?is k9d w\ld be ! *eape/ ( all possible =tresses4444 ,we h no?+ to d b to improvise well-adapt$ gun-c>riages = our rails4 ,at ! same meet+ ,mr4 ,t4 ,wright1 ,c4,e41 gave details ( a propos$ railway tra9 batt]y = coa/1 fronti] & inl& def5ce :i* 0 design$ to c>ry t51 tw5ty or =ty guns or mort>s4 ,ano!r e>ly advocate ( ! use ( railways z an actual in/rum5t ( w>f>e 0 ,colonel ,e4 ,r4 ,we!r$1 :o1 9 #ahgb1 wrote to ! ,w> ,(fice sugge/+ t heavy ordnance %\ld be m\nt$ on :eel$ c>riages s con/ruct$ t !y c\ld be mov$ along any ( ! railways1 f po9t to po9t4 ,9 ?is way ! ?ree-fold advantage w\ld be ga9$ ( 7#a7 utilis+ ! railway sy/em = purposes ( national def5ce2 7#b7 r5d]+ possible a conc5tration ( artill]y ) ov]:elm+ =ce at any giv5 spot1 &1 7#c7 by ! use ( ^! moveable c>riages = ! conveyance ( ! guns1 expos+ ! m5 to less risk4 ,colonel ,we!r$ fur!r communicat$ to ,! ,times ( ,may #be1 #ahgg1 a lett] on ,portable ,batt]ies 9 :i* he decl>$ t if1 be=e an enemy c\ld effect a l&+1 we 7 to provide ! means ( conc5trat+1 ) un]r+ c]ta9ty1 on any giv5 po9ts ( ! coa/1 a cru%+ =ce ( artill]y1 ) guns ( heavi] calibre ?an ev5 ! w>%ips ( ! invad] c\ld comm&1 x w\ld be impossible = ! vessels ( an invad+ =ce to approa* ne> en\gh to effect ! l&+ ( _! m54 ,he cont9u$3-- ,my proposal is to take ! full advantage :i* our railway sy/em1 9 connection ) our insul> position1 af=ds1 & provide p[]ful moveable batt]ies :i* c be s5t fully equipp$ 9 fight+ ord] direct by railway to any requir$ po9t2 & ! rec5t exp]im5tal trials ( ! #ha-ton gun h prov$ t ! heavie/ ordnance c be mov$ & f\ght on railway metals ) consid]able advantage4444 ,9 connection ) our pres5t ma9 l9es ( railway1 :i* probably w\ld require /r5g!n+ at c]ta9 po9ts1 ,i w\ld con/ruct bran* l9es or sid+s lead+ to e /rategical po9t ( our coa/ & into e =t1 z f> z possible1 ) requisite plat=ms4444 ,^! bran* l9es dur+ peace w\ld1 d\btless1 be ( "s small comm]cial value4444 ,i w\ld m\nt z _m ( our heavie/ guns z practicable on railway gun c>riages s t !y c\ld be mov$ by rail f "o face ( a front to ano!r1 & f "o place to ano!r4 ,he also recomm5d$ t guns ?us m\nt$1 fully equipp$1 & ready = use1 %\ld be kept at ?ree l>ge c5tral depts :i* might be utilis$ = ! def5ce ( ,london4 ,at ea* ( !m he w\ld /ation 7#a7 ,militia & ,volunte] ,artill]y able n only to "w ! guns b to con/ruct1 repair or de/roy railway l9es1 & 7#b7 a locomotive corps specially tra9$ 9 ! work+ ( traffic "u w> conditions4 ,by read+ a pap] at ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution on ,april #bd1 #ahia1 on ,! ,use ( ,railways = ,coa/ & ,h>b\r ,def5ce1#ac ,lieut4 ,e4 ,p4 ,gir\>d1 ,r4,e4 7n[ ,major-,g5]al ,sir ,e4 ,p]cy ,c4 ,gir\>d1 ,k4,c4,m4,g471 made :at 01 at t "t1 an important contribution to a subject on :i* !re 0 !n /ill mu* to be le>n$4 ,sket*+ a detail$ s*eme compris+ ! employm5t ( all ! coa/al railways = ! purposes ( national def5ce1 he emphasis$ ! value ( ,brita9's enorm\s railway p[] z ! /rong po9t ( h] def5sive position1 :e!r reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( 7#a7 railway mileage op5 z comp>$ ) ! squ>e mile ( coa/al area to be def5d$1 or 7#b7 ! l5g? ( coa/ l9e comp>$ ) ! railway mileage at or ne> t coa/ l9e1 &1 !re=e1 locally available = its def5ce4 ,:y1 he ask$1 %\ld we n turn to acc\nt ! enorm\s advantage :i* our great railway p[] gives u to conc5trate e available gun at a ?reat5$ po9t 9 ! "r & ! prop] "t1 :i* ! prop] utilisation ( our railways c & w d1 !reby practically d\bl+ or quadrupl+ our available gun p[]8 ,:il/ ! subject _h ?us be5 "u discussion 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,am]ica1 9 h] ,civil ,w> ( #ahfa-fe1 _h set ! re/ ( ! _w an example by actually introduc+ arm\r$-protect$ gun-c>ry+ trucks into mod]n w>f>e4 ,writ+ f ,wa%+ton1 "u date ,augu/ #bi1 #ahfb1 to ,colonel ,h]man ,haupt1 !n ,*ief ( ,con/ruction & ,transportation 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,rappahannock1 ,mr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,watson1 ,assi/ant-,secret>y ( ,w>1 said3--,an arm\r-clad c>1 bullet pro(1 & m\nt+ a cannon1 has arriv$ "h & w be s5t d[n to ,alex&ria4 ,a lat] message1 on ! same date add$3--,aft] y see ! bullet-pro( c>1 let me "k :at y ?9k ( x4 ,i ?9k y ought at once to h a locomotive protect$ by arm\r4 ,c y h ! "w done exp$iti\sly & well at ,alex&ria1 or %all ,i get x done at ,philadelphia or ,wilm+ton8 ,! c> 0 duly receiv$2 b ,haupt's comm5ts 9 respect to x1 z record$ 9 8 ,rem9isc5ces1 %[ t he 0 n greatly impress$ by ! innovation4 ,p4 ,h4 ,watson1 ,assi/ant-,secret>y ( ,w>1 s5t me1 he says1 an arm\r-clad1 bullet-pro( c>1 m\nt+ a cannon4 ,! k9dness 0 appreciat$1 b ! pres5t 0 an elephant4 ,i c\ld n use x1 &1 be+ 9 ! way1 x 0 f9ally side-track$ on an old sid+ 9 ,alex&ria4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t o!r arm\r-clad c>s 7 br\ght into actual use dur+ ! c\rse ( ! ,civil ,w>4 ,9 ! ,railway ,age ,gazette 7,*icago7 = ,janu>y #bb1 #aiae1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,hob>t1 associat$ editor ( ! ,new ,york ,eng9e] & ,m9+ ,j\rnal1 writes1 f p]sonal k1 ( two arm\r$ c>s :i* 7 9 use 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 ,"o ( ^!1 =m$ by heavy timb]s built up on a flat c>1 0 put toge!r 9 ! %ops ( ! ,atlantic & ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,railroad ,company at ,newb]ne1 ,n4,c41 9 #ahfb1 ab\t two mon?s aft] ! city _h be5 captur$ by ! ,burnside exp$ition4 ,! arm\r consi/$ ( old rails spik$ on ! outside ( ! plank+ compos+ ! sides & front ( ! c>4 ,along ! sides !re 7 slits = musketry fire1 & at ! front end !re 0 a port hole cov]$ ) a %utt] beh9d :i* a gun f "o ( ! field batt]ies 0 m\nt$4 ,! second c> 0 simil>ly con/ruct$1 b 0 arm$ ) a naval h[itz]4 ,! c>s 7 run ahead ( ! eng9e1 & 7 us$ 9 reconnoitr+ along ! railroad l9e we/ ( ,newb]ne4 ,mr4 ,hob>t adds t he 0 q famili> ) ! c>s1 hav+ assi/$ 9 ! design & con/ruction ( bo?4 ,9 ! ,c5tury ,magaz9e = ,septemb]1 #ahhg 7page #ggd71 !re is giv5 an illu/ration 7f a photograph7 ( an arm\r-clad c> describ$ z ! ,union ,railroad ,batt]y :i* 01 app>5tly1 us$ 9 connection ) ! spr++ ( ! m9e 9 front ( ,pet]sburg on ,july #cj1 #ahfd4 ,! c> is %[n to h consi/$ ( a l[ truck )1 at "o end1 a slop+ arm\r plate com+ d[n almo/ to ! rails1 & hav+ a hole ?r\gh :i* ! gun plac$ beh9d x on ! truck c\ld be fir$4 ,! sides ( ! truck 7 protect$ f ! top ( ! slop+ arm\r d[nw>ds1 b ! back 0 op54 ,! c> 01 ( c\rse1 design$ to be pu%$ 9 front ( ! locomotive4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,lodian1 also1 contribut$ to ! issue ( ! ,am]ican p]iodical1 ,railway & ,locomotive ,eng9e]+1 = ,may1 #aiae1 a communication1 "u ! title ( ,! ,orig9 ( ,arm\r$ ,railroad ,c>s ,unque/ionably ! ,product ( ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 9 :i*1 claim+ t our own ,civil ,w> orig9at$ ^? c>s1 he said3-- ,atta*$ is a picture ( "o 9 use on ! old ,philadelphia-,baltimore ,railroad4 ,! illu/ration appe>$ 9 ,frank ,leslie's illu/rat$ p]iodical on ,may #ah1 #ahfd4 ,no bett] pro( c\ld be furni%$ ( ! au!nticity ( ! fact t su* a c> 0 9 use at t "t4444 ,!re appe>s to be no great v>iation ev5 to-day 9 arm\r$ c> design f ! initial ef=t ( half a c5tury ago4 ,pictures are appe>+ 9 num]\s p]iodicals1 at ! p]iod ( writ+1 ( ^? 9 use by ! ,european bellig]5ts1 & 9 g5]al appe>ance & outl9e !y are ab\t ! same z ! orig9al1 ! *ief v>iation 9 _! use be+ t ! w>-go+ locomotive is also %ea!d 9 arm\r1 :]eas t 9 use 9 ! sixties 0 entirely unprotect$1 except 9 front1 & !n only by reason ( ! mailclad c> be+ plac$ 9 front to d ! fight+4 ,z aga9/ ?is sugge/ion1 !re is ! und\bt$ fact t 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> ! plan 0 adopt$ ( hav+ ! locomotives ( ord9>y troop or supply tra9s protect$ by arm\r-plat+ z a precaution aga9/ attack :5 !re 0 no arm\r$ c> 9 front ( !m4 ,writ+ to ! ,director ( ,milit>y ,railroads on ,octob] #h1 #ahfb1 ,haupt said3-- ,i h be5 ?9k+ ov] ! subject ( locomotives4 ,x is "o :i*1 at ! pres5t "t1 & 9 view ( ! future requirem5ts ( ! s]vice1 dem&s especial att5tion4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t on eng9es m5 are t>gets = ! enemy2 ! cabs :]e !y are usually seat$ h be5 riddl$ by bullets1 & !y h only escap$ by ly+ on ! footbo>d4 ,x w be necess>y to inspire confid5ce 9 our m5 by plac+ iron cab9s 7bullet pro(7 ^u all or ne>ly all our eng9es1 & ! necessity w increase z we p5etrate fur!r into ! enemy's c\ntry4 ,aga91 x is desirable t ! small] & m delicate portions ( ! app>atus %\ld be bett] protect$ ?an at pres5t1 & ,i w\ld be pleas$ if y w\ld give to ! plans1 ( :i* ,i spoke to y rec5tly1 a c>eful consid]ation4 ,x seems to me t !y are peculi>ly well adapt$ to milit>y s]vice4 ,haupt adds t protect$ locomotives & bullet-pro( cabs 7 soon aft] provid$1 z recomm5d$2 & else:]e 9 8 ,rem9isc5ces he says1 on ! same subject3-- ,! bullet-pro( cabs on locomotives 7 v useful--9 fact1 indisp5sable4 ,i _h a numb] ( !m made & put on eng9es1 & !y af=d$ protection to eng9e]s & firem5 aga9/ ! fire f gu]illas f ! bu%es t l9$ ! road4 ,9 ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> ( #ahgj-ga guns m\nt$ on f\r arm\r-plat$ trucks1 fitt$ up 9 ! work%ops ( ! ,orlans ,company1 "u ! sup]vision ( ,m4 ,dupuy de ,lorme1 ,eng9e]-9-,*ief = ,naval ,con/ruction1 7 tak5 into action on f\r occasions dur+ ! siege ( ,p>is1 namely1 at ,*oisy-le-,roi1 = ! sortie prec$+ ! "o f ,*ampigny2 ne> ,brie-sur-,m>ne1 to support ! ,*ampigny sortie2 at ,le ,b\rget1 = "o ( ! attempts to recapture t position2 & at ,la ,malmaison1 to support ! ,montret\t sortie4 ,! wagons 7 protect$ by a cov]+ :i* consi/$ ( five plates ( wr\ght iron1 ea* two-fif?s ( an in* ?ick1 & giv+1 !re=e1 a total ?ickness ( two in*es4 ,! two eng9es us$ 7 also protect$ by arm\r-plat+4 ,"o or two ( ! wagons 7 /ruck by field-gun %ells )\t1 h[ev]1 su/a9+ fur!r damage ?an ! d5t+ ( _! plates4 ,! eng9es escap$ damage altoge!r4 ,on go+ into action ! arm\r$ wagons 7 foll[$ by ano!r bullet-pro( eng9e convey+ a p>ty ( m5 ) tools & mat]ials to repair any int]ruption ( ! l9es t might int]f]e ) ! return ( ! tra9s2 b ! only damage done 0 s slight t x 0 rem$i$ 9 ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r4#ad ,fur!r use 0 made ( arm\r$ tra9s 9 ! ,egyptian ,campaign ( #ahhb4 ,"o t 0 put toge!r to assi/ 9 ! def5sive works at ,alex&ria is decl>$ 9 ! (ficial hi/ory ( ! campaign#ae to h prov$ mo/ s]viceable4 ,two ( ! trucks1 fitt$ ) iron plat+ & s& bags z a protect+ cov]1 c>ri$ "o ,nord5felt & two ,gatl+ guns4 ,a #i-pr4 0 also plac$ on "o ( ! trucks1 toge!r ) a crane by means ( :i* x c\ld be l[]$ out imm$iately4 ,o!r trucks1 r5d]$ bullet pro( by s& bags & boil]-plat+1 & c>ry+ a =ce ( #bjj bluejackets1 ) small arms1 complet$ ! fight+ =ce4 ,on ,july #bh1 ! tra9 took "p 9 a reconnaissance s5t out to asc]ta9 ! ext5t ( ! damage :i* _h be5 done to ! railway l9es ne> ,arabi's outpo/4 ,%ots 7 fir$ at ! tra9 by ! enemy1 b )\t effect4 ,! reconnaissance 0 a complete success inasmu* z x enabl$ su* repairs to be done to ! railway z gave ! use ( a second l9e betwe5 ,ramleh & ,alex&ria4 ,s useful _h ! tra9 be5 f\nd t x 0 n[ fur!r improv$ by add+ to x a #dj-pr4 on a truck protect$ by an iron mantlet4 ,! locomotive 0 put 9 ! middle ( ! tra9 & 0 itself protect$ by s& bags & railway iron4 ,?us /r5g!n$1 ! tra9 w5t into action 9 ! reconnaissance 9 =ce c>ri$ out f ,alex&ria on ,augu/ #e1 & ! mo/ int]e/+ incid5t ( ! engagem5t1 accord+ to ! (ficial acc\nt1 0 ! good s]vice done by ! #dj-pr4 f ! arm\r$ tra94 ,e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #ac ! tra91 consi/+ ( five wagons1 & hav+1 on ?is occasion1 "o ,krupp gun & "o ,gatl+ 9 addition to ! #dj-pr41 0 s5t to support ! attack on ,tel el-,kebir4 ,x 0 foll[$ by ano!r tra9 hav+ #cej y>ds ( p]man5t-way mat]ials1 ) all ! necess>y tools & appliances = ! prompt c>ry+ out ( any repairs t might be necess>y4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! hazy & unc]ta9 light & to ! ev]-increas+ cl\ds ( smoke t hung ov] ! battle-field1 x 0 impossible to fire ! #dj-pr4 ,9 ! futile attempt made 9 #ahhe to con/ruct a railway f ,suak9 to ,b]b]1 9 support ( ! ,nile ,exp$ition ( #ahhd-he1 resort 0 _h to an arm\r$ tra9 = ! purpose ( protect+ ! l9e f ! con/ant attacks to :i* x 0 subject$ by ! enemy4 ,! tra9 c>ri$ a #bj-pr4 ,b4,l41 :i* c\ld be fir$ only ei!r 9 prolongation ( ! l9e or at a slight angle f x4 ,at ! ,camp ( ,ex]cise 9 ,delhi 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhf1 "s important exp]im5ts 7 c>ri$ out ) a view to te/+ ! practicability ( fir+ guns at "r angles to an ord9>y l9e ( railway1 ! result be+ to e/abli% ! fact t a #dj-pr4 ,r4,b4,l4 c\ld be fir$ ) p]fect safety broadside f 7a7 small empty wagons m\nt$ on f\r :eels2 7b7 small empty wagons weight$ up to f\r tons2 & 7c7 empty eight-:eel bogies4 ,^! exp]im5ts 7 especially successful :5 acc\nt is tak5 ( ! fact t no attempt 0 made to r$uce 9 any way ! en]gy ( recoil4 ,o!r exp]im5ts1 begun 9 #ahhe1 7 successfully conduct$ dur+ a succession ( ye>s bo? by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t & by private firms 9 ,france 9 ! transport & ! fir+ ( guns f railway trucks ) a view to obta9+ def9ite data on ! subject1 m especially 9 relation to fir+ at "r angles to ! l9e4 ,9 ,italy a di/+ui%$ (fic] rais$ ! "q 9 ! ,italian ,p>liam5t1 9 #ahia1 z to :e!r ,sicily %\ld n be def5d$ by means ( a coa/ railway & arm\r$ tra9s4 ,"s exp]im5ts c>ri$ out at ,ne:av51 ,sussex1 9 #ahid1 7 ! m int]e/+ because ! results atta9$ 7 due to ! comb9$ ef=ts ( ,artill]y ,volunte]s & ( ! ,london1 ,brighton & ,s\? ,coa/ ,railway ,company4 ,"u ! ,volunte] mobilization s*eme ( #ahia !re 7 "s #cjj memb]s ( ! #a/ ,sussex ,artill]y ,volunte]s to :om no special duties _h be5 allott$1 & !re happ5$ to be1 at ,%oreham1 a #dj-pr4 ,arm/rong ,b4,l4 gun :i* 0 !n s]v+ no p>ticul> purpose4 ,inspir$ by ^! two facts1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,committee = ,national ,def5ce sugge/$1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahia1 t negotiations %\ld be op5$ ) ! ,london1 ,brighton & ,s\? ,coa/ ,railway ,company ) a view to _! m\nt+ ! #dj-pr4 on a specially prep>$ truck1 design$ to =m "p ( an arm\r$ tra91 exp]im5ts 9 fir+ ! gun f ! truck--9 ord] to te/ ! effici5cy ( ?is exp$i5t = ! purposes ( coa/ def5ce--be+ aft]w>ds c>ri$ out by ! ,artill]y ,volunte]s ^: s]vices 7 available = ! purpose4 ,on be+ approa*$1 ! directors ( ! railway company readily cons5t$ to ! fitt+ up ( ! truck be+ c>ri$ out at _! eng9e]+ & c>riage works2 !y contribut$ t[>ds ! exp5ses1 & memb]s ( _! /aff ent]$ ) great cordiality into ! s*eme1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,j4 ,bill+ton1 ! locomotive sup]9t5d5t1 be+ ! fir/ to sugge/ ! m\nt+ ( ! gun on a turntable to be fix$ on ! truck1--a bold dep>ture1 z x 0 reg>d$ at ! "t1 & "o expect$ to produce excell5t results4 ,! railway /aff 7 ! m int]e/$1 also1 9 ! propos$ exp]im5ts because a l>ge proportion ( ! memb]s ( ! #a/ ,sussex ,artill]y ,volunte]s consi/$ ( m5 employ$ at ! ,brighton ,company's works4 ,9 comm5t+ ^u ^! facts1 ,col4 ,*>les ,g]vaise ,boxall1 ! comm&+ (fic]1 said 9 a pap] on ,! ,arm\r$ ,tra9 = ,coa/ ,def5ce1 read by him at a meet+ ( (fic]s & ,n4,c4,o4's ( ! ,brigade1 held at ,ne:av5 ,=t1 ,sussex1 on ,may #ad1 #ahid3-- ,:5 "o consid]s t a railway company is nei!r a philan?ropic in/itution nor a patriotic society1 ! g5]\s support giv5 to ?is exp]im5t by s p[]ful a body z ! directors ( ! ,london1 ,brighton & ,s\? ,coa/ ,railway ,company is 9 itself "s consid]able evid5ce ( ! importance !y !mselves ascribe to ?is ef=t 9 ! direction ( ! ma9t5ance ( coa/ def5ce & protection f invasion4 ,prelim9>y exp]im5ts ) ! gun 7 conduct$ on ,may #e1 #ahid1 & !y conclusively %[$1 ,col4 ,boxall said1 t ! gun w require no trav]s+ to correct v>iation caus$ by ! recoil1 :ile ! muzzle ( ! gun c be direct$ to any "p ( its circumf]5ce by h&spike trav]s+ )9 half a m9ute4 ,he 0 evid5tly pr\d ( ! results ev5 ( ^! prelim9>y trials4 ,!y 7 ! fir/ occasion on :i* a heavy gun _h be5 fir$ broadside on ! p]man5t way ( an ,engli% railway1 & ! truck 0 ! fir/ arm\r-plat$ "o on :i* a turntable1 a recoil cyl9d]1 & o!r inv5tions introduc$ _h be5 employ$4 ,s1 he fur!r decl>$3-- ,we d confid5tly submit t1 hav+ prov$ t su* a gun z ?is c be m\nt$ s z to be transportable to any "p ( our railway sy/em at a mom5t's notice1 br\ght into action1 & fir$ ) accuracy ei!r end on1 broadside1 or 9 any o!r direction1 )\t dang] ( capsiz+1 & )\t injury to ! p]man5t way1 we h become pione]s ( a new dep>ture 9 artill]y :i* mu/ lead to results ( ! highe/ importance4 ,?is 0 writt5 prior to ! full trials1 :i* took place at ,ne:av5 on ,may #ai1 #ahid1 9 ! pres5ce ( a di/+ui%$ company ( milit>y m5 & o!rs4 ,an acc\nt ( ! ev5t w be f\nd 9 ,! ,times ( ,may #ba1 #ahid4 ,! gun & its c>riage are describ$ z /&+ on a turntable plat=m pivot$ on ! c5tre ( ! truck1 & revolv+ on a c5tral rac]4 ,! gun deta*m5ts 7 protect$ by a plat+ six feet high r\nd ?ree sides ( ! turntable1 & ! gun 0 fir$ ?r\gh an ap]ture 9 ! plat+4 ,drawn by an ord9>y locomotive1 ! truck on :i* ! gun 0 m\nt$ 0 accompani$ by two c>riages convey+ ! ,volunte] ,artill]ym5 :o 7 to s]ve ! gun4 ,sev]al r\nds 7 fir$ at a t>get "s #b1ejj y>ds di/ant1 & ! arm\r$ tra9 pass$ ?r\gh ! se>*+ & sev]e ordeal mo/ successfully1 ! j> caus$ be+ s slight t a /one plac$ on ! rails rema9$ unmov$ by ! fir+4 ,! truck1 x is fur!r /at$1 _h be5 provid$ ) "s cross gird]s :i* c\ld be run out & support$ on blocks 9 ord] to secure a broad base :5 ! gun 0 fir$ at "r angles to ! l9e1 & !re 0 a fur!r arrangem5t = connect+ ! truck to ! rails by /rong clips2 b ! truck rema9$ suffici5tly /eady )\t any ne$ = mak+ use ( ^! appliances4 ,f9ally1 z w be told m fully 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi1 ! ,s\? ,african ,campaign ( #ahii-aijb def9itely e/abli%$ ! usefulness ( arm\r$ tra9s z an in/rum5t ( w>1 & l$ bo? to ! creation ( an effici5t organisation = _! employm5t on ! mo/ sci5tific & mo/ practical l9es & to ! e/abli%m5t ( c]ta9 pr9ciples 9 reg>d to su* important matt]s ( detail z uses & purposes1 adm9i/ration1 /aff1 armam5t1 tactics1 etc4 ,publi%$ 9 ! ,detail$ ,hi/ory ( ! ,railways 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w> :i* 0 issu$ by ! ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 ,*a?am1 9 #aije1 ^! pr9ciples 7 adopt$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) modifications to suit ,am]ican conditions1 &1 s modifi$1 are reproduc$ 9 ,major ,william ,d4 ,connor's h&book on ,milit>y ,railways1 =m+ ,no4 #cb ( ! ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4 ,army4 ,an excell5t treatm5t ( ! subject1 f a te*nical po9t ( view1 w be f\nd 9 a pap]1 by ,capt4 ,h4 ,o4 ,nance1 on ,arm\r$ ,tra9s1 publi%$1 ) photographs & draw+s1 9 ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,f\r? ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,pap] #d 7,*a?am1 #aijf74 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,see ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution ,vol4 ,,ix41 pp4 #bba-ca1 #ahfe4 #ac ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,vol4 ,,xxxv41 #ahia4 #ad ,= detail$ description1 ) diagrams1 ( ! tra9s "h 9 "q1 see ,arm\r-plat$ ,railway ,wagons us$ dur+ ! late ,sieges ( ,p>is1 by ,lieut4 ,fras]1 ,r4,e4 ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,n4,s41 ,vol4 ,,xx1 #ahgb4 #ae ,milit>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,campaign ( #ahhb 9 ,egypt4 ,prep>$ by ! ,intellig5ce ,bran* ( ! ,w> ,(fice4 ,revis$ edition4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,railway ,,ambulance ,,transport ,accord+ to /ati/ics :i* h be5 compil$ 9 relation to w>s alike 9 anci5t & 9 mod]n times1 = e t5 m5 among ! armies 9 ! field :o h di$ f w\nds receiv$ 9 battle !re h be5 f ?irty-five to =ty :o di$ f sickness or disease4 ,writ+ 9 ! ,j\rnal des ,sci5ces ,militaires1 ,dr4 ,mora*e1 a surgeon 9 ! ,fr5* ,army1 has said t :ile ! total numb] ( dea?s among combatants tak+ "p 9 ! ,crimean ,w> 0 #ie1jjj1 no few] ?an #gj1jjj 7 due to typhus1 scurvy1 *ol]a or o!r diseases4 ,9 ! ,italian campaign ( #ahei ! ,fr5* lo/ #e1dih m51 ( :om #b1ejj di$ f sickness4 ,on ! conclusion ( ! ,russo-,turki% ,w> ! ,russians _h #ea1jjj ( _! troops sick1 ! ravages ( typhus hav+ be5 especially sev]e4 ,^! conditions h be5 mat]ially aggravat$ by ! ga!r+ toge!r ( great numb]s ( sick & w\nd$ into ov]cr[d$ hospitals situate on or ne> to ! !atre ( w> & de/9$ inevitably to become hot-b$s ( disease & pe/il5ce f> m dang]\s to human life1 "u ^! conditions1 ?an ev5 ! mo/ deadly weapons :i* ! art ( w> _h inv5t$ = use on ! battle-field itself4 ,nor 0 x ! armies alone t suff]$4 ,return+ troops spread ! se$s ( disease among ! civil population1 caus+ epidemics t l+]$1 9 "s in/ances1 = sev]al ye>s & c>ri$ (f _m ?\s&s ( non-combatants1 9 addition to ! great numb] ( victims among ! combatants !mselves4 ,9 a volume ( #hff pages1 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,gurlt1 "u ! title ( ,zur ,ges*i*te d] ,int]nationell5 und ,freiwillig5 ,krank5pflege im ,kriege 7,leipzig1 #ahgc71 w be f\nd _m t]rible details conc]n+ ! ravages 9 ,france1 ,g]many & ,au/ria ( ! typhus :i* ,napoleon's troops br\ght back ) !m on ! occasion ( _! disa/r\s retreat f ,russia4 ,! mo/ practicable means ( mitigat+1 if n ( avoid+1 ^! v>i\s evils is to be f\nd 9 ! prompt removal ( ! sick & w\nd$ f ! !atre ( w>1 & _! di/ribution 9 small] units1 n simply among a gr\p ( neighb\r+ t[ns1 b ov] an area ext5d+ to consid]able di/ances inl&4 ,! adoption ( ?is rem$y only became possible1 h[ev]1 ) a provision ( adequate rail facilities1 & ev5 !n _m ye>s 7 to elapse be=e an effici5t sy/em ( railway ambulance transport 0 f9ally evolv$4 ,! objects :i* ! use ( ! railway 9 ^! directions 0 to atta9 7 alike humanit>ian & /rategical4 ,to ! sick & w\nd$ among ! troops1 prompt removal & widespread di/ribution among hospitals 9 ! int]ior meant 7#a7 t !y avoid$ ! risks to :i* !y w\ld h be5 subject$ 9 ! a=esaid ov]cr[d$ & pe/il5tial hospitals ne> ! fight+ l9e1 :]e slight injuries might readily develop dang]\s symptoms1 & contagi\s disease complete ! conditions lead+ to a fatal issue2 7#b7 t1 ap>t f ^! consid]ations1 x w\ld be possible to give !m a great] degree ( individual att5tion if !y 7 di/ribut$ among a l>ge numb] ( hospitals away f ! sc5e ( ! fight+2 7#c7 t m cons]vative me?ods ( surg]y became practicable :5 op]ations ( a k9d n to be attempt$ ei!r on ! battle-field or 9 tempor>y hospitals 7f :i* ! inmates might h to be sudd5ly remov$1 ow+ to "s *ange 9 ! /rategical position7 c\ld be delay$ until ! suff]]'s arrival at "s hospital 9 ! int]ior1 :]e bett] appliances & bett] facilities w\ld be available1 & :]e1 aft] ! op]ation1 ! pati5t w\ld be able to rema9 undi/urb$ until he 0 cur$2 7#d7 t ^! improv$ conditions might m especially p]mit ( ! avoidance ( amputations o!rwise imp]atively necess>y2 & 7#e7 t1 on ! :ole1 ! w\nd$ soldi] 0 af=d$ a bett] *ance ( effect+ a spe$y recov]y & ( sav+ bo? life & limb ?an w\ld be possible if railways 7 n available4 ,to ! army 9 ! field ! innovation meant t ) ! spe$y removal ( ! sick & w\nd$ x w\ld be reliev$ ( ! great s\rce ( emb>rassm5t caus$ by ! pres5ce & dep5d5ce ^u x ( s _m ineffici5ts2#af dept & int]m$iate hospitals c\ld be r$uc$ to ! smalle/ proportions1 & w\ld ?us occasion less inconv5i5ce if1 ow+ to a retreat or a *ange 9 ! /rategical position1 !y 7 br\ght )9 ! sph]e ( milit>y op]ations2 ) ! delegation ( s _m ( ! sick & w\nd$ to ! c>e ( civil practition]s 9 ! int]ior1 few] ( ! divisional1 brigade & regim5tal m$ical (fic]s w\ld require to be deta*$ f ! m>*+ column2 a small] supplem5t>y m$ical /aff w\ld suffice2 a consid]able r$uction c\ld be effect$ 9 ! /ocks ( ambulance supplies kept on h& at ! front2 :ile important /rategical advantages w\ld be ga9$ ?r\gh 7#a7 ! great] fre$om ( movem5t :i* ! army w\ld secure2 7#b7 ! decreas$ risk ( ! numb] ( effici5ts be+ r$uc$ ?r\gh ! outbreak ( epidemics2 & 7#c7 ! prospect ( a l>ge proportion ( ! sick & w\nd$ be+ enabl$ to rejo9 ! fight+ =ce on _! mak+ a spe$y recov]y f _! illness or _! w\nds4 ,! e>lie/ occasion on :i* ! railway 0 made use ( = ! conveyance ( sick & w\nd$ f a sc5e ( actual ho/ilities to ! re> 0 on ! occasion ( ! ,crimean ,w>1 :5 ! little milit>y l9e betwe5 ,balaklava & ! camp be=e ,seba/opol1 ( :i* an acc\nt w be giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xv1 0 s employ$4 ,! facilities af=d$ 71 h[ev]1 ( ! mo/ primitive "*4 ,only ! wagons us$ = ! transport ( supplies to ! front--wagons1 t is to say1 little bett] ?an ^? kn[n z contractors' trucks--7 available1 & !re 7 no means ( adapt+ !m to ! conveyance ( suff]]s :o c\ld n be mov$ o!rwise ?an 9 a recumb5t position4 ,sitt+-up cases c\ld1 !re=e1 alone be c>ri$2 b :at 0 to develop into a revolution 9 ! conditions ( w>f>e 0 ?us introduc$1 all ! same4 ,9 ! ,italian w> ( #ahei bo? ! ,fr5* & ! ,au/rians made use ( ! railways = ! )drawal ( _! sick & w\nd$1 &1 9 8 ,s\v5ir de ,solf]9o1 ,jean ,h5ri ,dumant1 ! ,fa!r ( ! ,r$ ,cross ,movem5t1 speaks ( ! transportation ( w\nd$ f ,brescia to ,milan by tra9 to ! ext5t ( ab\t #a1jjj a night4 ,no arrangem5ts = _! com=t on ! j\rney _h be5 made 9 advance1 & ! *anges 9 ! milit>y situation 7 s rapid1 :5 ho/ilities broke out1 t no special facilities c\ld be provid$ !n4 ,all t 0 done 0 to lay d[n /raw on ! floor ( ! goods or cattle trucks us$ = ! conveyance ( "s ( ! m s]i\s cases4 ,! rema9d] travell$ 9 ord9>y ?ird-class c>riages1 & _! suff]+s on ! j\rney1 be=e !y rea*$ ! long & n>r[ %$s put up along ! railway l9es at ,milan or else:]e to s]ve z tempor>y hospitals1 mu/ (t5 h be5 v great4 ,!y may1 nev]!less1 h escap$ ! fate ( ^? :o di$1 n f _! w\nds1 b f ! fev]s quickly g5]at$ 9 ! ov]cr[d$ hospitals at ! front1 :]e !re 01 besides1 a g5]al defici5cy ( ambulance requirem5ts ( all k9ds4 ,! good result+ f ! removal by tra9 is1 inde$1 said to h be5 imm5se4 ,^! exp]i5ces 9 ! campaign ( #ahei l$ to a recomm5dation be+ made 9 ! foll[+ ye> by a ,g]man m$ical au?ority1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,gurlt1#ag t railway vehicles %\ld be specially prep>$ = ! conveyance ( ! sick & w\nd$ 9 "t ( w>4 ,! plan :i* he himself sugge/$ = adoption 0 ! plac+ ( ! suff]]s 9 hammocks susp5d$ f hooks driv5 into ! ro( ( ! goods van or c>riage employ$1 mattresses be+ fir/ put on ! hammocks1 :5 necess>y4 ,by ?is means1 he sugge/$1 ! suff]]s w\ld travel mu* m com=tably ?an :5 seat$ 9 ! ord9>y pass5g] c>riages1 or :5 ly+ on /raw 9 ! goods wagons or cattle trucks4 ,dr4 ,gurlt's pamphlet s]v$ ! good purpose ( draw+ mu* att5tion to ! subject1 & 8 proposals 7 duly subject$ to ! te/ ( exp]im5t4 ,!y fail$1 h[ev]1 on two gr\nds1--7#a7 because ! ro(s ( ! goods vans1 design$ = %elt] only1 7 n suffici5tly /rong to be> ! weight ( a numb] ( m5 c>ri$ 9 ! way sugge/$2 & 7#b7 because ! motion ( ! tra9 caus$ ! hammocks to come into frequ5t contact ) ! sides ( ! wagon1 to ! s]i\s discom=t ( ! occupants4 ,9 ,novemb] ( ! same ye> 7#ahfj7 ! ,prussian ,w> ,m9i/]1 von ,roon1 appo9t$ a ,commission to enquire into ! :ole subject ( ! c>e ( ! sick & w\nd$ 9 "t ( w>1 & ! "q ( transport by rail 0 among ! v>i\s matt]s consid]$4 ,z a result ( ^! inve/igations1 ! ,m9i/] issu$1 on ,july #a1 #ahfa1 an ord] to ! effect t 9 future ! less s]i\sly w\nd$ %\ld travel 9 ord9>y fir/1 second or ?ird-class c>riages1 accord+ to ! degree ( com=t !y requir$1 c>e be+ tak5 to let !m h corn] seats2 :ile = ^? :o 7 s]i\sly ill1 or badly w\nd$1 !re 7 to be provid$ sacks ( /raw hav+ ?ree canvas loops on ea* side = ! ins]tion ( poles by means ( :i* ! sacks & ! suff]]s ly+ ^u !m c\ld be readily lift$ 9 or out ( ! goods wagons set ap>t = _! conveyance4 ,9 ^! wagons !y 7 to be plac$ on ! floor 9 su* a way t ea* wagon w\ld accommodate ei!r sev5 or eight4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a defici5cy ( sacks1 loose /raw 0 to be us$ in/ead4 ,! door on "o side ( ! truck 0 to be left op5 = v5tilation4 ,a doctor & att5dants 7 to accompany ea* tra91 & !y 7 to h a supply ( b&ages1 m$ic9es & appliances4 ,( ! la/-m5tion$ a li/ ( five articles 0 app5d$ z obligatory4 ,! m$ical (fic] 0 to visit ! wagons dur+ ! /oppages1 & ! att5dants on duty 9 ! wagons 7 to c>ry flags s t1 :5 necess>y1 !y c\ld signal bo? = ! tra9 to pull up & = ! doctor to come to ! suff]]s4 ,?is 0 z f> z ,prussia _h got by #ahfa1 :5 ! arrangem5ts /at$ 7 reg>d$ z q suffici5t to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! situation4 ,real progress 0 to come1 r1 f ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ! ,w> ( ,secession 7#ahfa-fe7 ! arrangem5ts = ! conveyance by rail ( ! sick & w\nd$ f ! battle-fields ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ates to ! hospitals 9 ! l>ge cities 7 /ill di/9ctly primitive4 ,^? :o c\ld sit up 9 ! ord9>y c>s 7 convey$ 9 !m4 ,^? :o c\ld n sit up1 or w\ld be injur$ by s do+1 7 c>ri$ to ! railway1 by h&1 on ! mattresses or /ret*]s !y _h occupi$ 9 ! hospitals to :i* !y _h fir/ be5 tak54 ,at ! /ation ! mattresses 7 plac$ on ?ick lay]s ( /raw or hay /rewn ov] ! floors ( ! freight c>s 9 :i* supplies _h be5 br\ght to ! front4 ,l>ge w9d[ spaces 7 cut 9 ! sides or ends ( ! c>s to provide = v5tilation4 ,on "s occasions1 :5 hay or /raw 0 n available1 p9e b\ghs or leaves 7 us$ in/ead4 ,z only ! floor space 0 occupi$ no m ?an ab\t t5 pati5ts c\ld be c>ri$ com=tably 9 ea* c>1 ?\gh z _m z tw5ty 7 occasionally cr[d$ 94 ,! wide doors ( ! box c>s readily p]mitt$ ( ! b$s be+ lift$ 9 or out4 ,m$ical (fic]s1 ) supplies1 accompani$ ea* tra94 ,on arrival at ,new ,york1 ,wa%+ton1 ,philadelphia1 ,h>risburg1 or o!r de/9ation1 ! suff]]s 7 tak5 out & c>ri$1 /ill on ! same mattresses or /ret*]s1 to ! hospitals !re4 ,l>ge numb]s ( sick or w\nd$ 7 convey$ by rail "u "o or o!r ( ^! conditions1 & ! "w 0 done ) great exp$ition4 ,betwe5 ! morn+ ( ,june #ab & ! ev5+ ( ,june #ad1 #ahfc1 ov] #i1jjj w\nd$1 victims ( ! ,f$]al disa/] at ,*ancellorsville1 7 tak5 by ! s+le-track ,aquia ,creek railroad f ,aquia ,creek to ,wa%+ton4 ,_m ev5 ( ! sev]ely w\nd$ decl>$ !y _h suff]$ no inconv5i5ce f ! j\rney4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,gettysburg1 ,july #a-c1 #ahfc1 m ?an #ae1jjj w\nd$ _h be5 s5t by rail f ! field hospitals to ,baltimore1 ,new ,york1 ,h>risburg or ,philadelphia by ,july #bb4 ,an ev5 m rapid di/ribution 0 effect$ aft] ! battles ( ! ,wild]ness & ,spottsylvania :51 ) a few exceptions1 ! transf] to ! hospitals 9 ! cities m5tion$ 0 effect$ 9 ! c\rse ( a few days4 ,foll[+ on ! battle ( ,olu/ree 7,febru>y #bj1 #ahfd71 ! s]i\s cases 7 remov$ on ! ,mobile ,railway by freight c>s b$d$ ) p9e b\ghs1 palmetto leaves & a small quantity ( /raw1 ea* pati5t hav+ a blanket1 9 addition4 ,z an improvem5t on ^! me?ods ( transport1 ! plan 0 adopt$ ( fix+ r[s ( upright wood5 po/s1 connect+ floor & ceil+1 on ea* side ( a c> z supports = two or ?ree ti]s ( r\gh wood5 bunks1 a c5tral gangway ?r\gh ! c> be+ left4 ,9 ?is way ! available space 9 ! c> 0 mu* bett] utilis$ ?an ) ! /raw-on-floor sy/em4 ,next1 9 place ( ! bunks1 came an arrangem5t by :i* ! /ret*]s :]eon ! pati5ts lay c\ld be securely la%$ to ! uprights2 :ile ?is 0 foll[$1 9 turn1 by ! ins]tion ( wood5 pegs into ! uprights & ! plac+ on !m ( l>ge & /rong india-rubb] r+s into :i* ! h&les ( ! /ret*]s c\ld readily be slipp$1 & s susp5d$4 ,! fir/ c> s arrang$ came into use 9 ,m>*1 #ahfc4 ,mean:ile ! ,philadelphia ,railroad ,company _h1 at ! end ( #ahfb1 fitt$ up an ambulance c> on ! pr9ciple ( a sleep+ c>1 b s plann$ t ! /ret*]s on :i* ! suff]]s lay c\ld be made to slide 9 or out ( ! wood5 supports4 ,?is p>ticul> c> 0 capable ( accommodat+ fifty-"o pati5ts1 9 addition to a seat at ea* end = an att5dant4 ,o!r innovations introduc$ on ! c> 7 7#a7 a /ove at :i* s\ps c\ld be w>m$ or tea made2 7#b7 a wat] tank1 & 7#c7 a lock]4 ,:at ! introduc]s ( ^! improvem5ts ma9ly prid$ !mselves ^u 0 ! fact t ! pati5t c\ld rema91 ?r\gh\t ! entire j\rney f field hospital to de/9ation1 on ! /ret*] he _h be5 plac$ on at ! />t4 ,! adoption ( ?is pr9ciple necessitat$1 h[ev]1 uni=mity 9 ! dim5sions ( ! /ret*]s 9 ord] t ^! c\ld always be accommodat$ on ! ambulance-c> fitt+s4 ,! next important developm5t 0 rea*$ :5 ! ambulance c>1 run 9 connection ) ord9>y tra9s1 & us$ = exceptionally sev]e cases1 0 succe$$ by ! ambulance tra94 ,"h came fur!r innovations1 ! n9e or t5 w>d-c>s1 ( :i* su* a tra9 ma9ly consi/$ 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates1 be+ supplem5t$ by o!rs fitt$ up z disp5s>y & /ore-room1 kit*51 & qu>t]s = surgeon1 att5dants1 & /aff ( tra91 besides c>ry+ all necess>y appliances & provisions = ! j\rney4 ,:at 0 n[ specially aim$ at 0 to make ! tra9 z close an approa* to an actual hospital on :eels z circum/ances w\ld p]mit4 ,at pres5t1 wrote ! ,m$ical ,director ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,wa%+ton1 ! sick & w\nd$ are transf]r$ 9 c>s ill-adapt$ = ! purpose & ) difficulty sp>$ f ! o!r press+ dem&s2 & lives are lo/ on ! r\te n infrequ5tly :i*1 9 all probability1 might be sav$ by a m com=table & easy me?od ( transportation4 ,! tra9 he caus$ to be con/ruct$ consi/$ ( t5 w>d-c>s1 "o c> = ! surgeon & att5dants1 "o z a disp5s>y & /ore-room1 & "o z a kit*51 etc4 ,! w>d-c>s1 arrang$ on an improv$ pr9ciple1 ea* accommodat$ ?irty recumb5t & tw5ty or ?irty seat$ pati5ts4 ,! tra9 0 to run regul>ly on ! ,orange & ,alex&ria ,railroad betwe5 ! !atre ( w> & ! base hospitals at ,alex&ria & ,wa%+ton4 ,x 0 ei!r to supplem5t or to sup]s$e ! freight c>s ) _! b$d+ ( /raw1 hay or leaves4 ,if only f ! po9t ( view ( ! inadequate supply ( roll+ /ock1 a c> fitt$ up to accommodate fifty or sixty pati5ts (f]$ an obvi\s advantage1 9 ! spe$y removal & di/ribution ( sick & w\nd$1 ov] a c>1 )\t fitt+s1 9 :i* ! floor space alone c\ld be utilis$4 ,sev]al complete tra9s ( ! type /at$ 7 soon runn+ on ! ,orange & ,alex&ria ,railroad1 )9 ! ,union l9es1 & ! hospital tra9 ?us became an e/abli%$ in/itution 9 mod]n w>f>e4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 9 connection ) ! *ief army 9 ! ,we/1 ! ,army ( ! ,cumb]l&1 op]at+ "u ,g5]al ,george ,h4 ,?omas1 t ! useful purposes :i* c\ld be s]v$ by hospital tra9s became mo/ conspicu\s4 ,! ne$ = !m 9 ! ,we/ 0 ev5 great] ?an 9 ! ,ea/1 because ! di/ances to be cov]$ 7 great] & lay1 also1 to a consid]able ext5t1 9 enemy c\ntry4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahfc & ! w9t] ( #ahfd1 z n>rat$ 9 ! ,m$ical & ,surgical ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> ( ! ,rebellion1 ! *ief army ( ! ,we/ 0 conc5trat$ pr9cipally along ! l9e ( railroads lead+ f ,na%ville1 ,t5nessee1 to ! ,s\?-we/1 vi ,*attanooga1 ,t5n41 & onw>ds t[>ds ,atlanta1 ,georgia4 ,at ! outset ! sick & w\nd$ :o c\ld travel 9 ord9>y pass5g] c>s to po9ts 9 ! ,nor? 7 s tak54 ,sev]e cases _h to rema9 9 ! ne>e/ available hospital dept4 ,9 addition to ! discom=t suff]$ by ! =m] 9 hav+ to travel 9 c>s n suit$ to invalids1 !y 7 liable to frequ5t & prolong$ delays on ! s+le-track l9es by reason ( ! con/ant pass+ ( supply tra9s proce$+ to ! front2 & n unfrequ5tly ! det5tions 7 at po9ts :]e no?+ c\ld be obta9$ = fe$+ ! suff]]s or mak+ !m com=table1 :ile ev5 if rations c\ld be drawn ! tra9 af=d$ no means ( cook+ !m4 ,s x 0 resolv$ to h a tra9 :i* w\ld be ! equival5t ( an ambulat+1 self-conta9$ hospital1 capable ( c>ry+ bo? recumb5t & sitt+-up pati5ts & supply+ all _! wants on ! j\rney4 ,on ,augu/ #aa1 #ahfc1 in/ructions 7 s5t f ! ,assi/ant-,surgeon-,g5]al's ,(fice to ! ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ! ,army ( ! ,cumb]l& direct+ him to take imm$iate measures to fit up a special tra9 = hospital purposes1 ) e possible com=t1 to run betwe5 ,na%ville1 ,t541 & ,l\isville1 ,k54 ,g5]al ,?omas1 9 turn1 accord$ ! fulle/ au?ority to ! ,m$ical ,(fic] to select = ! purpose ! be/ locomotives & ! be/ c>s to be f\nd among ! railway roll+ /ock1 & to h new c>s fitt$ up :5ev] necess>y4 ,he fur!r direct$ t ! mo/ exp]i5c$ driv]s1 conductors & o!r necess>y railway employs %\ld be select$ = ! conduct ( ! hospital-tra9 s]vice4 ,?ree ( ^! tra9s 7 ready by ! spr+ ( #ahfd1 & !y ran regul>ly--ea* tak+ a section ( ! j\rney--betwe5 ,atlanta & ,l\isville1 a di/ance ( #dgb miles4 ,!y consi/$1 app>5tly1 9 "p ( specially-built & 9 "p ( adapt$ roll+ /ock1 ! l>ge op5 ,am]ican pass5g] c>s1 ) _! great] fre$om f int]nal fitt+s ?an ord9>y ,european railway c>riages1 l5d+ !mselves specially to ! purpose4 ,9 ! conv]t$ pass5g] c>s ! c>ry+ ( ! /ret*]s ?r\gh ! end doors 0 avoid$ by remov+ two w9d[s & ! panell+ und]nea? !m f ! side ( ! c>1 & mak+ an op5+ #f ft4 9 wid? :i* c\ld be clos$ by a slid+ door4 ,ea* tra9 provid$ five w>d-c>s 7conv]t$ pass5g] c>s7 = ly+-d[n pati5ts2 a surgeon's c> 7a pass5g] c> f :i* ! seats _h be5 remov$1 ) p>titions & fitt+s = ! accommodation ( ! doctor & 8 help]s72 a disp5s>y c> 79 :i* an ample supply ( m$ic9es1 in/rum5ts & appliances 0 c>ri$72 an ord9>y pass5g] c> = sitt+-up pati5ts or convalesc5ts2 a kit*5 c> 7divid$ into kit*51 d9+-room & /ore-room72 & a conductor's c>4 ,! kit*5 c> 0 suppli$ ) a small cook+ range1 boil]s1 & o!r requisites = ! fe$+ ( f #age to #bjj pati5ts4 ,! c>s 7 w>m$ & light$ 9 w9t]1 & special att5tion 0 paid to v5tilation1 s t ,dr4 ,f4 ,l4 ,t[n1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 0 able to report ( !m3--,9 visit+ ^! hospital tra9s1 ! air is f\nd sweet & pure1 ! w>ds are neat & invit+2 & x may unhesitat+ly be said t m5 on hospital tra9s are (t5 z com=table & bett] f$ & att5d$ ?an 9 _m p]man5t hospitals4 ,! tra9s _h di/+ui%+ signals :i* 7 recognis$ by ! ,conf$]ates1 & none ( !m 7 ev] fir$ on or mole/$ 9 any way4 ,"o1 at lea/1 ( ! tra9s 0 despat*$ daily f ! vic9ity ( ! field hospitals4 ,! s]vices r5d]$ by !m dur+ ! la/ eighte5 mon?s ( ! w> 7 ( ! greate/ value4 ,x has be5 said1 inde$1 t ! comb9$ effect ( all ! provision made = ! c>e ( ! sick & w\nd$ & _! spe$y recov]y--includ+ !re91 z "o ( ! mo/ important items1 _! prompt removal & di/ribution by rail--0 to ensure = ! ,f$]als ! ret5tion ( a =ce equal 9 itself to an army ( #ajj1jjj m54 ,no s+le fact c\ld %[ m conclusively ! /rategical z well z ! humanit>ian value ( railway ambulance transport4 ,^! details z to :at 0 accompli%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> are ! m des]v+ ( record because !y %[ t ! evolution ( ! hospital on :eels1 f ! initial conditions ( a b$d+ ( /raw on ! floor ( a railway goods wagon1 0 really c>ri$ out1 /ep by /ep1 9 all its ess5tial details1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! hospital tra9 0 ?us n an ,engli% inv5tion1 z is widely assum$ to be ! case2 ?\gh mu* 0 to be done "h to improve its con/ruction1 equipm5t & organisation4 ,:il/ ,am]ica _h be5 ga9+ all ?is v practical exp]i5ce1 ! ,dani% ,w> ( #ahfd _h giv5 ,prussia ! opportunity ( te/+ ! sy/em approv$ by h] 9 #ahfa = ! conveyance ( ! less sev]ely w\nd$ 9 ord9>y pass5g] c>riages & ( ! s]i\sly w\nd$ on sacks ( /raw laid on ! floor ( goods wagons4 ,! results 7 f\nd s unsatisfactory t on ! conclusion ( ho/ilities a fre% s]ies ( inve/igations & exp]im5ts 0 begun1 & matt]s 7 /ill at ?is /age :5 w> broke out betwe5 ,prussia & ,au/ria4 ,! conditions 9 reg>d to ! c>e ( ! sick & w\nd$ 9 ! campaign ( #ahff 7 deplorably defective4 ,n only1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,t4 ,w4 ,evans#ah--;an ,am]ican m$ical man1 settl$ 9 ,p>is1 :o visit$ ! battle-field & assi/$ 9 ! "w ( relief--0 !re no advance on :at _h be5 done 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! ,am]ican example 0 9 no way foll[$1 ! combatants hav+ made no attempt :atev] to pr(it f h] exp]i5ce4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,sad[a1 ?\s&s ( w\nd$ 7 left on ! battle-field1 & _m rema9$ !re ?ree days & ?ree nights be=e !y c\ld be remov$ 9 ! c>ts & wagons :i* 7 alone available = ! purpose4 ,)9 five days e village 9 a radius ( f\r leagues 0 cr[d$ ) w\nd$4 ,^? tak5 to ,dresd5 & ,prague 9 ord9>y pass5g] c>riages or goods vans 7 deta9$ = days on ! j\rney ow+ to ! conge/ion ( traffic on ! l9es4 ,"s ( !m1 also1 7 9 ! tra9s = two days be=e _! w\nds 7 dress$4 ,!n ! use ( /raw1 dep5d$ on by ! ,au/rians1 0 f\nd to be unsatisfactory4 ,x fail$ to af=d ! suff]]s a suffici5t protection aga9/ ! jolt+ ( ! wagons1 especially :5 !y work$ ?r\gh x to ! b>e bo>ds2 & ev5 !n !re 0 n always suffici5t /raw available to meet requirem5ts4 ,altoge!r1 x is decl>$1 ! w\nd$ suff]$ unhe>d-( tortures4 ,%ortly aft] ! conclusion ( ! w> !re 0 appo9t$ 9 ,prussia a fur!r ,commission ( m$ical & milit>y au?orities to r5ew ! inve/igation into ! c>e & transport ( sick & w\nd$4 ,! ,commission sat f ,m>* #ah to ,may #e1 #ahfg4 ,9 ! result x /ill fav\r$ ! use ( sacks ( /raw1 ) canvas loops1 z ! simple/ & mo/ com=table me?od to adopt = ! rail transport ( recumb5t suff]]s1 ?\gh x recomm5d$ t ! sacks %\ld be made ) side pieces1 giv+ !m ! =m ( paillasses1 z ?is w\ld af=d a great] degree ( support to ^? ly+ on !m4 ,! ,am]ican sy/em ( susp5d+ /ret*]s 9 ti]s by means ( india-rubb] r+s dep5d+ f pegs let into wood5 uprights 0 disapprov$ (1 p>tly because ( ! cont9u\s sw++ ( ! /ret*]s s c>ri$1 & p>tly because ( ! assum$ discom=t to "o set ( pati5ts ( hav+ o!rs j above !m4 ,! report also recomm5d$ ! adoption ( ! foll[+ pr9ciples3--7#a7 ,?r\gh communication betwe5 all ! c>riages employ$ 9 "o & ! same tra9 = ! conveyance ( sick & w\nd$2 7#b7 provision1 = ! sev]ely w\nd$1 ei!r ( b$s ) spr+s or ( litt]s susp5d$ f ! ro( or ! sides ( ! c>riages2 & 7#c7 extra c>riages = ! accommodation ( doctor1 nurses1 surgical appliances1 m$ical /ores1 cook+ ut5sils1 etc4 ,^! pr9ciples 7 subject$ to v>i\s te/s1 & x 0 f\nd t 9 ,g]many ! exi/+ c>riages :i* c\ld be/ be adapt$ to ! desir$ purpose 7 ^? belong+ to ! f\r?-class1 inasmu* z !y _h no int]nal divisions or fitt+s1 travell]s by !m be+ expect$ ei!r to /& dur+ ! j\rney or to sit on _! luggage4 ,! only /ructural alt]ation necess>y 0 ! plac+ ( ! doors at ! end ( ! c>riages in/ead ( at ! sides1 s t1 on op5+ ^! end doors1 & lett+ d[n a small bridge to be provid$ = ! purpose1 access c\ld readily be obta9$ f "o c>riage to ano!r4 ,in/ructions 7 accord+ly giv5 t all f\r?-class c>riages on ! ,prussian railways %\ld !nce=w>d h end doors--an arrangem5t :i* _h1 9 fact1 already be5 adopt$ 9 ,s\? ,g]many4 ,/eps 7 also tak5 9 ,prussia to adapt goods vans & horse boxes = ! conveyance ( sick & w\nd$ 9 ! ev5t ( ! numb] ( f\r?-class c>riages n be+ suffici5t to meet requirem5ts4 ,! widespread int]e/ :i* 0 be+ attract$ ?r\gh\t ,europe to ! subject ( ! c>e ( ! sick & w\nd$ 9 w> l$ to a s]ies ( exp]im5tal trials be+ c>ri$ out at ! ,p>is ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfg1 :51 ) ! help ( a %ort l9e ( railway laid d[n 9 ! exhibition gr\nds & ( a goods wagon suppli$ by ! ,we/]n ( ,france ,railway ,company1 a numb] ( diff]5t sy/ems 7 te/$4 ,on ?is occasion1 also1 a model ( an ,am]ican c> fitt$ up ) india-rubb] r+s = ! h&les ( /ret*]s 0 %[n4 ,at ?is "t1 & = _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! ideal arrangem5t 0 consid]$1 on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe1 to be "o "u :i* railway vehicles s5t to ! front ) troops1 supplies or munitions c\ld be readily adapt$ = br++ back ! sick & w\nd$ on ! return j\rney2 & alike 9 ,g]many1 ,russia1 ,france1 ,au/ria & ,italy ! respective m]its ( a great v>iety ( int]nal fitt+s design$ to adapt exi/+ roll+ /ock1 :e!r pass5g] coa*es1 luggage vans1 ,po/ ,(fice vans or goods wagons1 to ! s]v+ ( ^! dual purposes =m$ ! subject ( mu* exp]im5t & controv]sy4 ,rope cables across ! ro( ( a goods wagon1 ) dep5d5t loops ( rope = ! reception ( ! /ret*] h&les 7z 9 ! ,zavodovski me?od72 /ret*]s laid on spr+s on ! floor1 susp5d$ f ! ro( ei!r by /rong spr+s or by rope1 re/+ on brackets atta*$ to ! sides1 or p>tly re/+ & p>tly susp5d$2 & collapsible frames ( v>i\s k9ds1 ea* _h _! respective advocates4#ai ,! use & equipm5t ( ambulance or hospital tra9s con/itut$1 also1 a regul> subject ( discussion at all ! int]national congresses ( ,r$ ,cross ,societies :i* h be5 held s9ce #ahfi4 ,! exp]im5tal trials at ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahfg 7 foll[$ by ! appo9tm5t 9 ,prussia ( /ill ano!r ,commission ( inquiry1 &1 act+ on ! recomm5dations ( ?is body1 ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t adopt$ ! ,grund sy/em1 "u :i* ! /ret*]s :]eon ! recumb5t suff]]s lay 9 ! goods wagons or f\r?-class c>riages 7 plac$ on poles re/+ 9 slots ov] ! convexity ( lam9at$ spr+s hav+ "o end screw$ into ! floor :ile ! o!r1 & free1 end 0 provid$ ) a roll] design$ to respond to ! v>y+ conditions ( weight by slid+ to & fro4 ,?is 0 ! sy/em ma9ly us$ 9 ! sanit>y tra9s ( ! ,g]mans 9 ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> ( #ahgj-ga4 ,x 0 criticis$ on ! gr\nd 7#a7 t ! sick & w\nd$ 7 /ill subject to ! same jolts & concussions z ord9>y seat$ pass5g]s2 7#b7 t ! numb] :o c\ld be c>ri$ p] c>riage or wagon 0 v small1 s9ce x 0 /ill ! case t only ! floor space 0 utilis$2 & 7#c7 t x 0 inconv5i5t = ! doctor & ! att5dants to h to kneel d[n 9 ord] to att5d to ! pati5ts4#bj ,ap>t f ^! disadvantages1 ! ambulance s]vice ( ! ,g]mans 0 well organis$ dur+ ! w>4 ,( ambulance tra9s1 fitt$ up m or less z complete travell+ hospitals1 tw5ty-"o 7 run1 & ! total numb] ( suff]]s remov$ by rail is said to h be5 ov] #hi1jjj4 ,ow+ to traffic conge/ions1 ! transport to ,b]l9 ( w\nd$ f ! army engag$ 9 ! inve/m5t ( ,p>is occupi$ no less a p]iod ?an six days2 b ^! j\rneys 7 made 9 ! special ambulance tra9s :i*1 provid$ 9 ! lat] /ages ( ! w>1 ensur$ full provision = ! fe$+1 nurs+ & g5]al com=t ( ! suff]]s4 ,! fact t su* j\rneys c\ld be und]tak5 at all %[$ ! great advance :i* _h be5 made s9ce ! battle ( ,sad[a1 :5 mo/ ( ! w\nd$ c\ld be convey$ no fur!r ?an to cottages & f>m-h\ses 9 neighb\r+ villages4 ,9 ! ,s\?-,african ,w> ( #ahii-aijb ! sy/em fav\r$ 0 t ( hav+ hospital tra9s ei!r expressly built = ! purpose or adapt$ f ord9>y roll+ /ock & devot$ exclusively1 = ! duration ( ! w>1 to ! conveyance ( ! sick & w\nd$4 ,! ,pr9cess ,*ri/ian hospital tra91 specially con/ruct$ = ! ,briti% ,c5tral ,r$ ,cross ,committee by ! ,birm+ham ,railway ,c>riage & ,wagon ,company ,ltd41 accord+ to ! plans ( ,sir ,john ,furley & ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,fieldh\se1 & s5t out to ,s\? ,africa e>ly 9 #aijj1 consi/$ ( sev5 c>riages1 ea* ab\t #cf ft4 9 l5g?1 & #h ft4 9 wid?1 = runn+ on ! ,cape /&>d gauge ( #c;ft4 #f;94 ,! c>riages 7 arrang$ z foll[s3--,i41 divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts = 7a7 l95 & o!r /ores1 7b7 two nurses & 7c7 two invalid (fic]s2 ,,ii41 also divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts1 = 7a7 two m$ical (fic]s2 7b7 d9+-room & 7c7 disp5s>y2 ,,iii41 ,,iv41 ,v41 & ,,vi41 w>d-c>s = invalids1 c>ri$ on b$s arrang$ 9 ?ree ti]s2 ,,vii41 kit*51 pantry1 & a comp>tm5t = ! gu>d4 ,! tra9 c>ri$ ev]y?+ t 0 necess>y = pati5ts & /aff ev5 ?\gh !y might be cut (f f o!r s\rces ( supply = a p]iod ( two or ?ree weeks4 ,sev5 o!r hospital tra9s1 all adapt$ f exi/+ roll+ /ock 9 ,cape ,colony or ,natal1 7 made available = ! transport ( sick & w\nd$ 9 ! same w>4 ,"o ( ^!1 ,no4 #d1 0 arrang$ & equipp$ at ! co/ ( ! ,briti% ,c5tral ,r$ ,cross ,committee1 "u ! direction ( ,sir ,john ,furley1 !n act+ z ! ,society's ,*ief ,commission] 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! o!r conv]t$ tra9s 0 c>ri$ out by ! ,army ,m$ical ,s]vice 9 ,s\? ,africa1 ) ! co-op]ation ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,railway (ficials 9 ,cape ,t[n & ,natal4 ,a numb] ( specially-fitt$ c>riages1 plac$ at conv5i5t di/ances on ! railways occupi$ by ! ,briti%1 7 made use ( to pick up small p>ties ( sick f ! v>i\s po/s along ! l9es1 su* c>riages be+ atta*$ to pass+ tra9s = ! conveyance ( ! suff]]s to ! ne>e/ hospital4 ,_m ( !m _h a regul> s]vice up & d[n a p>ticul> /ret* ( railway4 ,"s 7 provid$ ) iron frames = ! support ( s]vice /ret*]s1 & o!rs 7 fitt$ up simil>ly to ! w>d-c>riages ( ! conv]t$ hospital tra9s4 ,convalesc5ts & sitt+-up pati5ts = :om no special accommodation 0 necess>y travell$ 9 su* ord9>y tra9s z might be available4 ,9 effect1 !re are f\r classes ( tra9s by :i*1 "u ! conditions ( to-day1 ! sick & w\nd$ may be despat*$ f ! seat ( w>3--7#a7 ,p]man5t hospital tra9s1 specially con/ruct$ = ! purpose2 7#b7 tempor>y hospital tra9s1 made up ei!r entirely ( conv]t$ ord9>y vehicles or p>tly ( conv]t$ & p>tly ( specially-con/ruct$ roll+ /ock1 _! use = ?is purpose cont9u+ = ! duration ( ! w>2 7#c7 ambulance tra9s improvis$ at railhead out ( roll+ /ock br++ troops1 supplies & /ores to ! front1 ! int]nal fitt+s = ly+-d[n cases be+ ( su* a k9d t !y c be readily fix$ or dismantl$2 & 7#d7 ord9>y pass5g] c>riages = slightly w\nd$ or convalesc5ts4 ,! advantages conf]r$ on armies f a /rategical po9t ( view1 "u all ^! improv$ conditions1 are no less beyond dispute ?an ! b5efits conf]r$ on ! individual soldi]s1 & if railways _h done no m 9 reg>d to ! conduct ( w>f>e ?an ensure ^! dual results1 !y w\ld /ill h r5d]$ a s]vice ( incalculable value4 ,:ile1 also1 _! provision ( an effici5t ambulance transport sy/em1 ) its spe$y removal ( non-effectives1 has s]v$ ! purposes ( w>1 x has1 9 addition1 by its reg>d = ! sick & w\nd$ !mselves1 fur!r s]v$ to relieve w>f>e ( "s1 at lea/1 ( its horrors4 ,,footnotes3 #af ,a say+ attribut$ to ,napoleon is t he pref]r$ a dead soldi] to a w\nd$ "o4 #ag ,ueb] d5 ,transport ,s*w]v]wundet] und ,krank] im ,kriege1 neb/ ,vors*lg5 b] die ,b5utzung d] ,eis5bahn5 dabei4 #cc pp4 ,b]l91 #ahfj4 #ah ,les ,in/itutions ,sanitaires p5dant le ,conflit ,au/ro-,prussi5-,itali54 ,p> ,?omas ,w4 ,evans4 ,p>is1 #ahfg4 #ai ,= ,a %ort consid]ation & comp>ison ( ! regulations = ! transport ( sick & w\nd$ by rail1 z laid d[n 9 f\r ( ! lead+ ,cont95tal armies 7! ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,au/rian & ,italian71 see a pap] on ,cont95tal ,regulations = ! ,transport ( ,sick & ,w\nd$ by ,rail1 by ,surg4-,capt4 ,c4 ,h4 ,melville1 ,a4,m4,s41 ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 vol4 #db 7#ahih71 pp4 #efj-eid4 #bj ,9 an article on ,milit>y ,hospital ,tra9s2 _! ,orig9 & ,progress1 9 ,! ,railway ,gazette ( ,decemb] #d1 #aiad1 x is said3 ,! comp>atively small loss ( ! ,g]mans by dea? f w\nds 9 #ahgj 0 due solely to ! fact t !y ent]$ ^u ! w> ) :at 7 !n consid]$ wond]fully elaborate arrangem5ts = remov+ ! w\nd$4444 ,! tra9s 7 compos$ p>tly ( fir/-class c>riages1 = ! less badly w\nd$1 & p>tly ( cov]$ goods wagons4444 ,9 ^! cov]$ vans 7 plac$ b$s =m$ ( bo>ds laid on spr+s4 ,ea* van w\ld hold f\r or five m51 & a si/] rode 9 ! van4 ,"o w\ld n1 h[ev]1 consid] to-day t !re 0 any?+ wond]fully elaborate 9 an arrangem5t "u :i* no m ?an f\r or five suff]]s 7 accommodat$ 9 ea* goods van4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,prep>ation ,,9 ,,peace ,,= ,,w> ,! great] ! exp]i5ce ga9$ ( ! application ( rail-p[] 9 practice1 & ! clos] ! /udy devot$ to its possibilities1 9 !ory1 ! m obvi\s x became t ! fulle/ degree ( advantage to be d]iv$ !refrom c\ld only be assur$ z ! result ( prep>ation & organisation 9 peace2 & ?is conclusion appe>$ specially to apply to c\ntries ^: geographical & political conditions l$ !m to reg>d x z exp$i5t t !y %\ld always be ready to meet "s great national em]g5cy4 ,! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c]ta9ly did succe$1 9 ! e>ly sixties1 9 creat+ an excell5t milit>y rail-transport organisation aft] ho/ilities _h brok5 out2 b ! conditions ( w>f>e to-day make x ess5tially necess>y t arrangem5ts = ! use ( railways = milit>y purposes %\ld1 z f> z possible1 be plann$1 p]fect$ or provid$ = long 9 advance ( any possible outbreak ( ho/ilities4 ,among o!r consid]ations :i* /r5g!n ?is view are ! foll[+3-- ,i4 ,! increas+ dep5d5ce ( armies on rail transport ow+ to 7a7 ! va/ly great] numb] ( troops employ$ n[ ?an 9 =m] days2 7b7 ! supreme importance ( "t z a factor 9 enabl+ a ,comm&]-9-,*ief to effect1 possibly1 an e>li] conc5tration ?an ! enemy1 & s obta9 ! p[] ( initiative2 & 7c7 ! magnitude ( ! supplies1 munitions & o!r necess>ies want$ to meet ! daily wants ( ! prodigi\s =ces 9 ! field1 & only to be assur$ by ! employm5t ( rail transport f a m or less di/ant base4 ,,ii4 ,! complications1 confusion & possible *aos :i* may result if1 )\t prior prep>ation1 railway l9es design$ to s]ve ord9>y transport purposes are sudd5ly requir$ to meet milit>y dem&s tax+ _! res\rces to ! utmo/ extreme4 ,,iii4 ,! fur!r tr\bles t w assur$ly arise if1 9 ! abs5ce ( effici5t control by prop]ly-con/itut$ & responsible int]m$i>ies1 railwaym5 unfamili> ) milit>y te*nicalities are left to deal ) ! possibly conflict+ & impracticable ord]s ( individual milit>y (fic]s !mselves unfamili> ) ! te*nicalities & limitations ( railway work+4 ,,iv4 ,! imp]ative necessity ( hav+ an organis$ & well-regulat$ sy/em ( =w>d+ milit>y supplies1 etc41 9 ord] bo? to avoid conge/ion ( /ations & l9es & to ensure ! punctual arrival ( ^? supplies 9 ! "r quantities1 at ! "r spot1 & at ! "r "t4 ,v4 ,! ne$1 9 view ( ! vital importance ( ! "p t railways may play 9 w>1 ( hav+ organis$ =ces ( railway troops & railway work]s available1 toge!r ) /ores ( mat]ials & appliances1 to c>ry out1 spe$ily & ?or\ghly1 all ! "w t may be necess>y = ! repair1 con/ruction or de/ruction ( railway l9es4 ,9 mak+ ! necess>y prep>ations1 9 "t ( peace1 to ensure ! successful realisation ( ^! & o!r purposes1 !re is a va/ am\nt ( "w t requires to be done4 ,9 read9ess = ! excessive /ra9 t w be ?r[n on ! railways z soon z !y pass f a peace foot+ to a w> foot+1 on ! ord] be+ giv5 = mobilisation1 ! milit>y au?orities & ! railway au?orities mu/ ne$s h at _! comm& ! fulle/ in=mation z to ! physical conditions1 ! res\rces & ! transport capabilities ( e l9e ( railway 9 ! c\ntry :i*1 directly or indirectly1 may be able to r5d] useful s]vice4 ,details z to d\ble or s+le track2 gradi5ts2 numb] ( locomotives1 c>riages1 wagons1 horse-boxes & o!r vehicles available2 & facilities af=d$ by /ations 9 important c5tres z reg>ds numb] & l5g? ( plat=ms & sid+s1 wat] supply1 load+1 unload+ or /orage accommodation1 etc41 are all c>efully compil$ & kept up to date4 ,z reg>ds roll+ /ock1 l9es n likely to be call$ ^u to c>ry any milit>y transports at all may /ill be able to contribute to ! supply ( c>riages & wagons want$ to meet ! heavy dem&s on o!r railways4 ,by includ+ all l9es ( railway 9 ! collect$ data1 x w be kn[n exactly :]e additional roll+ /ock may be obta9$ if want$4 ,! c>ry+ capacity ( ! diff]5t types ( c>riages1 trucks1 etc41 is also not$4 ,if necess>y1 arrangem5ts w be made = ! r$uction ( gradi5ts1 ! improvem5t ( curves1 ! con/ruction ( connect+ l9ks betwe5 diff]5t ma9 l9es1 ! l5g!n+ ( /ation plat=ms1 or ! provision ( increas$ load+ or unload+ facilities4 ,on ! basis ( ! in=mation collect$ elaborate calculations are made 9 reg>d to su* matt]s z 7#a7 ! numb] ( vehicles requir$ = a giv5 numb] ( m51 ) horses1 guns1 munitions1 /ores1 road vehicles1 etc41 s t roll+ /ock c be us$ to ! be/ advantage & accord+ z to :e!r ! troops c>ri$ belong to ! ,infantry1 ,cavalry or ! ,artill]y2 7#b7 ! numb] ( vehicles t c be made up into a tra9 go+ by any "o r\te2 7#c7 ! l5g? ( "t likely to be tak5 = ! entra9+ & detra9+ respectively ( a giv5 unit2 7#d7 ! "t int]vals at :i* a succession ( troop tra9s c foll[ "o ano!r on ! same l9e2 7#e7 ! spe$ ( troop tra9s2 & 7#f7 ! fur!r int]vals to be all[$ 9 ! arrival at "o & ! same /ation1 or c5tre1 ( a numb] ( tra9s />t+ f diff]5t po9ts1 s z to avoid ! risk ( conge/ion & ( consequ5t delays4 ,milit>y "t-tables1 correspond+ to ^? 9 ev]yday use1 h next to be prep>$1 %[+ exactly :at tra9s mu/ run f giv5 /ations1 at fix$ h\rs1 by cle>ly def9$ r\tes1 to specifi$ de/9ations z soon z ! occasion arises4 ,! great aim kept 9 view 9 ! compilation ( ^! "t-tables is1 n alone prep>ation 9 advance1 b ! mo/ complete utilisation possible ( ! available transport facilities ( ! c\ntry z a :ole4 ,a selection mu/ also be made 9 advance ( ! /ations at :i* troops on long j\rneys c obta9 food1 z well z ( ! /ations to be us$ z depts = /ores & supplies1 all ! necess>y arrangem5ts be+ provid$ =4 ,aft] ! initial great /ra9 on ! railway res\rces involv$ 9 mobilisation & conc5tration1 !re w /ill be an enorm\s am\nt ( transport to be done dur+ ! campaign4 ,9 ! "o direction !re w be a con/ant despat* ( re9=cem5ts1 provisions1 clo?+1 munitions & supplies or /ores to ! front2 9 ! o!r direction !re w be a /eady fl[ ( sick & w\nd$1 ( prison]s ( w>1 & ( mat]iel n want$ at ! front1 foll[$ by ! f9al return home ( ! troops at ! end ( ! campaign4 ,at ea* important po9t along ! l9es ( communication :]e special s]vices 9 connection ) ! rail transport1 9 ei!r direction1 are to be r5d]$1 !re mu/ be organisation ( su* k9d z w ensure t :atev] is necess>y %all be done promptly & effici5tly "u ! control ( p]sons ( recognis$ au?ority & responsibility1 & )\t any ( ! friction t w\ld1 inevitably1 lead to delays1 traffic blocks & o!r complications4 ,nor c ! same sy/em ( organisation apply to ! :ole l9e ( communication1 f ! base to ! limit ( ! rail s]vice at ! front4 ,a po9t w be rea*$ !re9 :]e ! control1 if n ! actual op]ation1 ( ! railway l9es mu/ ne$s be transf]r$ f ! civil to ! milit>y au?orities1 r5d]+ necess>y a s*eme ( sup]vision & work+ diff]5t f t :i* c be foll[$ on ! sections n )9 ! actual !atre ( w>4 ,!n1 if ! army %\ld be compell$ to retreat be=e ! enemy1 !re %\ld be available a suffici5cy ( =ces skill$ 9 ! art ( rapidly & effectively de/roy+ l9es1 bridges1 viaducts1 tunnels1 or o!r railway prop]ty1 ) a view to ret>d+ ! enemy's movem5ts until1 x may be1 re9=cem5ts c be br\ght up 9 suffici5t numb] to *eck 8 fur!r progress4 ,if1 alt]natively1 ! army %\ld advance into ! enemy's c\ntry1 !re mu/ aga9 be a provision ( ,railway ,troops fully qualifi$ by previ\s tra9+ & exp]i5ce bo? to repair quickly ! demolitions or ! damage :i* ! enemy w h c>ri$ out on 8 own l9es & to con/ruct ha/ily su* new l9es--light railways or o!rwise--z ! circum/ances ( ! mom5t require4 ,^! ?+s done1 & /ill fur!r advance be+ made into ! invad$ t]ritory1 ! ne$ w also arise = a /aff capable ( op]at+1 "u w> conditions1 ! l9es ( :i* possession has be5 tak51 9 ord] t communications ) ! advanc$ front & ! =w>d+ ( re9=cem5ts & supplies c /ill be ma9ta9$4 ,all ^! & _m o!r ?+s1 besides1 mu/ ne$s be ?\ght out & prep>$ = 9 "t ( peace1 long 9 advance ( any probable or ev5 any possible w>4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 made ! subject ( exhau/ive & cont9u\s /udy alike by milit>y (fic]s specially entru/$ ) ! task & by railway manag]s comm&+ all ! te*nical k requisite = mak+ arrangem5ts calculat$ to ensure ! prompt & effici5t satisfaction ( all su* dem&s = milit>y rail-transport z may1 ) :atev] urg5cy1 & "u :atev] conditions1 "s day be put =w>d4 ,/ill m practical d ! prep>ations 9 peace = w> become :5 !y include ! con/ruction ( a network ( /rategical railways expressly design$ to facilitate ! mobilisation ( troops1 _! spe$y conc5tration on ! fronti]1 or _! movem5t f "o po9t ( attack to ano!r at ! !atre ( w>4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,organisation ,,9 ,,g]many ,9 no c\ntry 9 ! _w 0 ! desirability ( prep>+ 9 "t ( peace = milit>y rail-transport 9 "t ( w> recognis$ e>li] ?an 9 ,g]many4 ,9 none has ! practice ( su* prep>ation 9 peace be5 foll[$ up ) great] /udy & p]si/5ce4 ,z %[n 9 ,*apt] ,i1 ! milit>y use ( railways l$ to ! proposal & discussion 9 ,g]many ( def9ite s*emes = su* use z e>ly z #ahcc2 & x is n too mu* to say t1 f t date d[n to ! outbreak ( ! ,_w-,w> 9 #aiad1 ! :ole subject _h receiv$ !re an ev]-increas+ degree ( att5tion f ! milit>y au?orities1 &1 also1 f a l>ge body ( writ]s z a "q ( ! day 9 its relation m especially to ,g]man expansion4 ,"o great mi/ake1 h[ev]1 made alike by hi/orians1 by writ]s 9 ! ,press1 & by popul> tradition1 has be5 ! attribut+ to ,g]many ( a f> high] degree ( cr$it 9 reg>d to ! alleg$ p]fection ( h] prep>ations = ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> ( #ahgj-ga ?an %e 0 really entitl$ to claim4 ,nor1 inde$1 has ! fact be5 suffici5tly recognis$ t ! organisation ev5tually elaborat$ by ,g]many = ! effici5t conduct ( h] rail-transport 9 w> _h be5 evolv$ f /udies1 inve/igations1 trials1 exp]im5ts & te/s 79 actual w>f>e or o!rwise7 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( half a c5tury or m1 dur+ :i* "t1 also1 !re 0 issu$ a bewild]+ mass ( laws1 rules & regulations1 ea* m or less modify+ ^? t _h gone be=e & add+ /ill fur!r to ! elaborate1 if n ! extremely complicat$1 ma*9]y labori\sly built up z ! result ( ! univ]sally recognis$ g5ius ( ! ,g]man p = organisation4 ,! f9al great te/ ( all ?is ma*9]y 0 to be appli$ 9 #aiad4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 x mu/ suffice1 = pres5t purposes1 to %[ h[ ! ma*9]y itself 0 creat$ & ! =m x f9ally assum$4 ,d[n to #ahfa ,prussia _h done no m1 9 ! way ( organis+ milit>y transport by rail1 ?an issue a s]ies ( ,ord9ances deal+ ) ! movem5t ( l>ge bodies ( troops1 su* ,ord9ances be+ ak9 to ^? :i* all ! lead+ c\ntries ( ,europe _h ei!r compil$ or 7 engag$ 9 compil+4 ,directly influ5c$ by ! developm5ts ( ! ,civil ,w> 9 ,am]ica1 ,prussia took ! fur!r /ep1 9 #ahfd1 ( =m+ a ,railway ,section ( h] ,g5]al ,/aff4 ,?is new body 0 actively employ$ 9 ! fur!rance ( ,prussia's int]e/s 9 ! ,dani% ,w> ( ! same ye>1 :5 confirmatory evid5ce 0 giv5 ( ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! use ( rail transport = milit>y movem5ts1 j\rneys t w\ld h tak5 ! troops sixte5 days by road be+ done )9 six days by rail4 ,! organisation ?us appli$ on a comp>atively small scale 9 #ahfd 0 fur!r develop$ by ,prussia 9 ! campaign ( #ahff4 ,on t occasion mobilisation & conc5tration ( ! ,prussian troops 7 bo? c>ri$ out ma9ly by rail1 "u ! direction ( an ,executive ,commission consi/+ ( an (fic] ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff & a repres5tative ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,comm]ce4 ,?is ,executive ,commission sat 9 ,b]l91 & 0 assi/$ by ,l9e ,commissions op]at+ on ! diff]5t railways utilis$ = milit>y purposes4 ,movem5ts ( troops by rail 7 c]ta9ly effect$ 9 "o-?ird ( ! "t !y w\ld h tak5 by road1 :ile ! ,prussians1 ga9+ a great advantage1 by ! rapidity ( su* movem5ts1 ov] ,au/ria1 r\t$ h] comb9$ =ces )9 sev5 days ( cross+ ! fronti]1 & dictat$ t]ms ( peace to h] )9 a mon?4 ,"s s]i\s faults 7 nev]!less develop$1 ev5 9 ! c\rse ( ?is v %ort campaign1 9 ,prussia's rail-transport arrangem5ts1 su* be+ especially ! case 9 reg>d to ! =w>d+ ( supplies4 ,^! 7 ru%$ to ! front 9 excess ( imm$iate requirem5ts1 ! only conc]n ( contractors or ( (fic]s at ! base be+ to get !m away1 :ile ! railway companies--b\nd to accept goods = transport & deliv]y z ord]$--dispat*$ !m )\t reg>d = any possible defici5cy 9 ! unload+ & /orage arrangem5ts at ! o!r end4 ,! supplies1 =w>d$ 9 bulk1 foll[$ z close up beh9d ! troops z !y c\ld be tak52 b ! provision made = unload+ 0 inadequate1 ! railway /affs disclaim$ responsibility = ! "w1 &1 be=e long1 /ations & sid+s at ! front 7 hopelessly block$1 al?\gh else:]e ! %ortage ( wagons 0 s great t ev]y?+ 0 at a /&/ill4 ,ev5 :5 wagons _h be5 unload$1 !y 7 too (t5 left on ! l9es1 9 long tra9s ( empties1 in/ead ( be+ s5t :]e !y 7 mo/ ne$$4 ,ea* railway company dispos$ ( its own roll+ /ock indep5d5tly ( ! o!r companies1 adopt+ ! view t x _h no conc]n ) :at 0 happ5+ else:]e4 ,9 "s in/ances special tra9s 7 dispat*$ = ! conveyance ( a few hundr$ m5 or a few hundr$weights ( /ores4 ,ord]s :i* %\ld h gone direct f "o responsible p]son to ano!r w5t ?r\gh a v>iety ( *annels ) ! result t s]i\s delays & no less s]i\s blund]s occurr$4 ,"o ,ea/ ,prussian ,battalion1 = in/ance1 0 s5t (f by tra9 9 a direction exactly opposite to t :i* x %\ld h tak54 ,all ^! & o!r tr\bles exp]i5c$ 7 directly due to ! abs5ce ( a c5tral controll+ body =m$ on su* a basis t x c\ld 7#a7 gov]n ! rail-transport arrangem5ts z a :ole2 7#b7 sup]vise ! =w>d+ ( supplies2 7#c7 provide = a prop] di/ribution1 & bett] utilisation1 ( roll+ /ock2 7#d7 secure ! prompt unload+ & return ( wagons1 & 7#e7 =m a direct l9k betwe5 ! milit>y au?orities & ! railway managem5ts & /affs4 ,imm$iately on ! close ( ! w> a mix$ committee ( ,/aff (fic]s & railway au?orities 0 appo9t$1 "u ! sup]vision ( von ,moltke1 to inquire :at /eps %\ld be tak5 to organise ! ,prussian milit>y transport s]vices on su* a basis z w\ld avoid a repetition ( ! faults already exp]i5c$1 & give a great] gu>antee ( effici5cy on ! occasion ( ! next w> 9 :i* ,prussia might be engag$4 ,! desirability ( mak+ su* prep>ations 9 "t ( peace d\btless appe>$ ! great] 9 proportion z x became m & m evid5t t ! trial ( /r5g? betwe5 ,prussia & ,au/ria w\ld inevitably be foll[$ by "o betwe5 ,prussia & ,france4 ,! s*eme elaborat$ by ! committee 9 "q took ! =m ( a ,r\te ,s]vice ,regulation :i* 0 approv$ by ! ,k+ on ,may #b1 #ahfg1 & 01 also1 adopt$ by mo/ ( ! o!r ,g]man ,/ates1 b 0 kept secret until ! "t came = apply+ x 9 practice1 z 0 done 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga4 ,! basis ( ! s*eme 0 ! creation ( a sy/em ( ,r\te ,inspection 7,etapp5 ,inspektion7 con/itut+ a dep>tm5t ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 & design$-- ,i4 ,to wat* ov] ! repl5i%+ ( ! op]at+ army ) m51 horses1 provisions1 ammunition1 & o!r milit>y /ores4 ,,ii4 ,to see to ! removal into ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry ( ! sick & w\nd$1 prison]s & trophies ( w>4 ,,iii4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ! troops appo9t$ = ! purpose & ! ,railway ,field ,corps1 to ma9ta9 ! l9e ( communication1 viz41 railway1 roads1 bridges1 telegraphs1 & po/al arrangem5ts2 to und]take ! gov]nm5t ( ! ho/ile conqu]$ prov9ces1 & o!r duties4 ,! prep>ation ( ! necess>y plans = ! atta9m5t ( ^! objects 0 entru/$ to a ,c5tral ,commission compos$1 p>tly ( (fic]s connect$ ) ! ,g5]al ,/aff & ! ,m9i/ry ( ,w>1 & p>tly ( prom95t function>ies on ! /affs ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,comm]ce1 ,indu/ry & ,public ,works 7!n 9 supreme control ov] ! railways71 & ( ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior4 ,two ( its memb]s--a ,/aff ,(fic] & a railway exp]t f ! ,m9i/ry ( ,comm]ce--=m$ an ,executive ,commission & ex]cis$ a g5]al sup]vision ov] ! arrangem5ts = milit>y transports2 ?\gh on ! removal ( ! ,great ,head-qu>t]s f ,b]l91 ! ,executive ,commission 0 to be succe$$ by an ,auxili>y ,executive ,commission1 :i* w\ld sup]vise ! railways 9 ! int]ior to be made use ( = supply+ ! ne$s ( ! army4 ,9 "t ( w> ! ,c5tral ,commission 0 to be supplem5t$ by ,l9e ,commissions =m$ by milit>y (fic]s & railway (fic]s 9 comb9ation1 & op]at+ ea* 9 a lead+ c5tre ( railway traffic4 ,_! function x w\ld be--) ! assi/ance ( ,di/rict ,l9e ,commissions--n only to communicate to ! l9e or l9es ( railway 9 _! di/rict su* ord]s z might be necess>y = ! transport ( troops1 guns1 ammunition1 horses1 & supplies1 b1 also1 to draw up or make ! f9al arrangem5ts 9 connection ) ! "t-tables = ! runn+ ( milit>y tra9s2 to fix ! direction 9 :i* ! tra9s w\ld g2 to decide at :at /ations ! troops %\ld /op = _! meals or = _! c(fee2 &1 9 fact1 to arrange ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! said transport d[n to--z x appe>$ at ! "t--! smalle/ details4 ,9 ! =w>d+ ( supplies1 ea* ,army ,corps 0 to h its own l9e ( communication1 sep>ate & di/9ct f t ( ! o!r ,army ,corps1 ! object aim$ at be+ t ( avoid+ ! confusion & disord] :i* might result f ! fact ( sev]al ,army ,corps us+ ! same railway4 ,ea* ( su* l9es ( communication w\ld />t f "s l>ge railway /ation =m+ a ,po9t ( ,conc5tration 7,etapp5anfangsort7 = ! collection & ! dispat* !refrom ( supplies = ! ,army ,corps x w\ld s]ve1 or = ! receipt & fur!r di/ribution 9 ! int]ior ( p]sons or commodities com+ back f ! seat ( w>4 ,along ! l9e ( railway1 at di/ances ( ab\t #ajj or #abe miles1 /ations 7 to be select$ :i* w\ld s]ve z halt+-places = ! fe$+ ( troops1 = ! wat]+ ( horses1 = ! reception ( sick & w\nd$ unable to cont9ue _! j\rney1 = ! repair ( roll+ /ock1 or = o!r su* purposes4 ,! fur!/ po9t to be rea*$ by rail f day to day w\ld con/itute ,railhead 7,etapp5hauptort71 :5ce communication ) ! fight+ l9e w\ld be c>ri$ on by road1 be+ fur!r facilitat$ by ,halt+ ,places 7,etapp5rt]7 en r\te4 ,! :ole ( ?is elaborate organisation--& "h we come to ! weake/ po9t 9 ! sy/em--0 to be "u ! supreme direction & control ( an ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,communications--a sort ( ,univ]sal ,provid] ( e requirem5t ! ,army c\ld possibly ne$1 & responsible = ! fulfilm5t ( a long & exce$+ly v>i$ li/ ( obligations among :i* ! conduct ( milit>y rail-transport became simply "o ( _m items4 ,! special m]it ( 8 position 0 assum$ to be t ( a sup]ior au?ority :o1 hav+ ! rank ( ,comm&ant ( a ,division1 & be+ 9 con/ant t\* bo? ) ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,army & ) ! ,w> ,m9i/]1 w\ld be able to e/abli% h>mony 9 ! op]ations ( ! diff]5t s]vices & corps4 ,! pr9ciple itself 0 s\nd2 b1 9 practice1 su* a multiplicity ( duties fell ^u him1 or1 ?r\gh him1 on 8 dep>tm5t1 t ! break-d[n :i* actually occurr$ 9 ! campaign ( #ahgj-ga %\ld h be5 =ese5 9 advance4 ,on ! decl>ation ( w> ! ,inspector-,g5]al 0 to organise ! /ations = ! fe$+ ( ! troops & horses proce$+ to ! front1 & 0 !n himself to g to "s /ation "o or two m>*es f ! fight+-l9e1 & fix1 ea* day1 ! ,railhead ,/ation = ! "t be+1 mov+ 8 own head-qu>t]s z occasion might require4 ,f ^! head-qu>t]s he 0 to ex]cise control & direction ov] a /aff among ^: duties--ap>t f ^? relat+ to railways or rail-transport--7 ! foll[+3--,a c5tralisation ( all ! s]vices ?r\gh a ,*ief ( ! ,/aff giv+ a common impulse to !m accord+ to ! in/ructions ( ! ,inspector-,g5]al2 ! =w>d+ ( all troops to ! front1 special precautions hav+ to be tak5 t none 7 left beh9d2 di/ribution ( ! troops on arrival at _! de/9ation2 ! =w>d+ ( all supplies2 decision ( all p]sonal que/ions t might arise 9 connection ) ! troops2 ! keep+ ( j\rnals & regi/]s1 ! draw+ up ( reports1 & ! c>ry+ on ( correspond5ce ) ! ,w> ,m9i/] & ! ,*iefs ( ! army2 ev]y?+ conc]n$ ) horses = ! troops1 transport & di/ribution ( prison]s ( w>1 & ma9t5ance ( good ord] among ! troops2 assurance ( an ample supply ( ammunition = ! artill]y2 con/ruction or provision ( b>racks1 huts1 or tempor>y hospitals2 ma9t5ance ( roads & telegraphs2 control ( telegraphs & po/al s]vices at ! seat ( w>2 sup]vision ( road communications2 responsibility = ! safe & regul> deliv]y to ! troops ( all supplies & necess>ies ord]$ to meet _! requirem5ts1 & e/abli%m5t ( hospitals1 infirm>ies & convalesc5t homes1 ) ! arrangem5ts = ! removal !reto ( ! sick & w\nd$4 ,9 reg>d to railway matt]s1 ! ,inspector-,g5]al 0 assi/$ by a ,director ( ,field ,railways :o1 9 turn1 _h _m duties to p]=m4 ,act+ 9 ! "n & ) ! au?ority ( ! ,inspector-,g5]al1 he gave directions to ! ,l9e ,commissions conc]n+ ! succession 9 :i* supplies 7 to be =w>d$1 &1 9 conjunction ) ! milit>y & railway au?orities1 drew up ! "t-tables = milit>y transports1 submitt+ !m1 h[ev]1 = ! approval ( 8 *ief be=e !y 7 put into op]ation4 ,! actual transport ( troops & mat]ial--on ! basis ( pr9ciples ! details ( :i* w\ld h be5 work$ out 9 advance--0 also to be conduct$ "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,director ( ,railways4 ,9 ! ev5t ( any ( ! l9es be+ de/roy$ by ! enemy1 he 0 to und]take _! recon/ruction1 obta9+ ?r\gh ! ,inspector-,g5]al su* help]s--:e!r soldi]s or civilians--z he might require to supplem5t 8 own work+ /aff 9 ! accompli%m5t ( ! necess>y "w4 ,on ! l9es be+ re/or$1 ! ,director 0 fur!r to take control ( _! op]ation by means ( troops &1 also1 ( railway employs to be furni%$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,comm]ce on ! requisition ( ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,communications4 ,su* 0 ! elaborate ma*9]y :i*1 con/ruct$ alike 9 peace & 9 secret by ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff1 "u ! direct sup]vision ( von ,moltke himself1 0 to be te/$ 9 ! inevitable w> ) ,france = :i* x _h be5 design$4 ,accord+ to popul> belief1 ,g]many's prep>ations = t w> 7 s complete t %e _h only1 z x 71 to press a button1 or pull a lev]1 9 ord] to ensure ! imm$iate & p]fect work+ ( all ! plans %e _h made 9 advance4 ,:e!r or n ?is 0 really s 9 reg>d to h] transport arrangem5ts1 at lea/1 is a po9t to :i* att5tion may n[ be direct$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> a ,r\te ,inspection1 organis$ on ! basis already detail$1 & hav+ its own ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,communications 9 *>ge (1 & responsible =1 ! effici5t work+ ( ! entire network ( duties & obligations1 0 call$ into be+ = ea* ( ! ?ree ,g]man armies4 ,subsequ5tly a f\r?1 "u ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce ( ,saxony1 0 add$4 ,s f> z ! mobilisation ( ! ,g]man troops & _! conc5tration on ! fronti] 7 conc]n$ ! plans work$1 on ! :ole1 rem>kably well2 ?\gh ev5 9 ?is respect complete success 0 n atta9$4 ,!re 71 9 #ahgj1 n9e l9es ( conc5tration available1 namely1 six = ! ,nor!rn & ?ree = ! ,s\!rn ,army2 & betwe5 ,july #bd & ,augu/ #c1 !re 7 dispat*$ by ^! diff]5t r\tes #a1bjj tra9s1 convey+ #cej1jjj m51 #hg1jjj horses1 & #h1djj guns or road vehicles4 ,yet ! delays :i* occurr$ to "s ( ^! tra9s 7 alone suffici5t to %[ t ! ma*9]y :i* _h be5 elaborat$ 0 n work+ ) p]fect smoo?ness4 ,on1 = example1 ! r\te kn[n z l9e ,c1 ! troops s5t to ,giess5 7--z told by ,balck1 9 8 ,taktik--elev5 h\rs late 9 _! arrival4 ,!y !n _h _! fir/ w>m food aft] a j\rney :i* _h la/$ tw5ty-"o h\rs4 ,= ! transport to ,homburg-9-d]-,pfalz & ,neunkir*5 =ty h\rs _h be5 all[$4 ,! fir/ tra9 did ! j\rney 9 ! "t1 b ! next "o took n9ety h\rs4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 9 ! =w>d+ ( supplies & 9 ! provision+ ( ! troops t ! greate/ difficulties 7 exp]i5c$2 & "h !re c]ta9ly appe>$ to be little real advance on ! %ortcom+s ( ! campaign ( #ahff1 not)/&+ all ! prep>ations :i* _h be5 made 9 ! meantime4 ,compreh5sive z x und\bt$ly 01 ! s*eme prep>$ 9 "t ( peace includ$ no adequate organisation = regulat+ ! transport ( supplies to ! front & = ensur+ alike _! dispat* & _! arrival 9 j su* quantities1 & "u j su* conditions1 z w\ld provide = ! ne$s ( ! troops f day to day4 ,magaz9es _h c]ta9ly be5 set up1 b n 9 suffici5t numb] or always 9 ! "r place4 ,! sy/em1 too1 ( op]at+ !m 0 defective4 ,j z 9 #ahff1 s 9 #ahgj1 army (fic]s1 contractors & railway companies1 all inspir$ by zeal = ! welf>e ( ! troops1 ru%$ (f tra9-load aft] tra9-load ( supplies to /ations provid$ ) an inadequate supply alike ( sid+s :]e ! wagons c\ld be accommodat$ & ( lab\r = ! "w ( unload+4 ,/ores 7 h&$ to ! railway /affs "u ! same conditions z 9 peace "t1 ! idea be+1 app>5tly1 t if !y 7 only dispat*$ z soon z possible !y w\ld be sure to get to ! troops 9 want ( !m4 ,z = ! conditions at ! o!r end1 x n unfrequ5tly happ5$ t ev5 ?\gh ! supply-tra9s might g to /ations :]e ! facilities = unload+ !m 7 ample1 ! ,commiss>iat or o!r (fic]s 9 *>ge w\ld foll[ ! example already be+ set 9 ,france by reg>d+ load$ railway trucks z conv5i5t movable magaz9es :i* %\ld n be unload$ until _! cont5ts 7 really want$4 ,?is 0 done reg>dless ( ! fact alike t ! trucks ?us kept /&+ on ! l9es imp$$ ! traffic & t !y 7 urg5tly want$ to meet ! %ortage ( trucks else:]e4 ,b = ! /r+5t action tak5 to *eck x1 ! evil due to ?is use ( railway trucks = /orage purposes w\ld h assum$ ev5 grav] proportions ?an 0 actually ! case4 ,defective1 also1 z ! ,g]man arrangem5ts 9 ?is respect und\bt$ly 71 !y /ill did n atta9 to ! same degree ( ineffici5cy z 0 ! case 9 ,france4 ,all ! same1 ! g5]al result ( ^! v>i\s conditions 0 t s]i\s difficulties 7 exp]i5c$ on ! ,g]man no less ?an on ! ,fr5* railways4 ,no soon] _h ! conc5tration ( ! ,prussian troops be5 complet$ ?an provisions & /ores 7 s5t aft] !m 9 su* volume t a hopeless block1 ext5d+ to ,cologne 9 "o direction & ,frank=t 9 ! o!r1 0 spe$ily produc$ on ! l9es along ! left bank ( ! ,rh9e1 :ile ! fe$+ ( ! troops 0 br\ght to a tempor>y /&/ill4 ,! comb9$ ef=ts ( ! ,prussian ,executive ,commission1 ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,comm]ce & ( ! ,l9e ,commissions fail$ = a "t to ov]come ! conditions ( *aos & confusion ?us br\ght ab\t1 & on ,augu/ #aa1 #ahgj1 in/ructions _h to be giv5 t !nce=w>d supplies 7 to be =w>d$ only on ! express ord] ( ! ,int5dant-,g5]al or ( an ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,communications4 ,yet on ,septemb] #e !re 7 /&+1 on five diff]5t l9es1 a total ( no few] ?an #b1cbb load$ wagons1 conta9+ #af1hcj tons ( provisions = ! ,second ,army1 or suffici5t to keep x suppli$ = a p]iod ( tw5ty-six days4 ,su* blocks on ! ,g]man l9es--?\gh n always on s great a scale--7 ( frequ5t occurr5ce ?r\gh\t ! w>4 ,tr\ble arose1 also1 9 gett+ provisions f ! railway to ! troops by reason ei!r ( ! inadequate numb] ( road vehicles or because ( ! use ( ^! = ! conveyance ( ammunition or = o!r purposes1 in/ead4 ,?us ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ! ,fir/ ,army />t$ ) #b1jjj road vehicles2 b on ,octob] #ag ! total numb] /ill at 8 disposal 0 only tw5ty4 ,! position became /ill worse z ! retreat+ ,fr5* de/roy$ ! l9es beh9d !m1 increas+ ! difficulties ( ! invad]s 9 ma9ta9+ _! communications ) ! ,fa!rl&4 ,:ile ! food supplies = ! ,g]man troops 7 ?us block+ ! railway l9es--or1 alt]natively1 7 go+ bad on acc\nt ei!r ( ! heat$ conditions ( ! clos$ wagons or ( exposure to ! wea!r aft] unload+--_m ( ! ,g]man troops 7 suff]+ sev]e privations f lack ( adequate n\ri%m5t2 & !y w\ld h suff]$ /ill m b = ! provision-tra9s or /ores ( supplies seiz$ f ! ,fr5* at ,metz1 ,=ba*1 ,v]dun1 ,dle1 ,le ,hans1 & else:]e4 ,if1 inde$1 ! ,fr5* _h only refra9$ f ru%+ _! own supplies to ! extreme front 9 excessive quantities1 or if !y _h de/roy$ ^? !y c\ld n remove 9 "t1 ! invad]s w\ld1 on v>i\s occasions1 h f\nd !mselves 9 a condition bord]+ on />vation4 ,ev5 z x 01 !y 7 (t5 r$uc$ to ! necessity ( dep5d5ce on _! iron rations4 ,difficulty 0 especially exp]i5c$ 9 fe$+ ! army ( occupation dur+ ! inve/m5t ( ,p>is4 ,! supplies receiv$ by tra9 f ,g]many 7 equal to sc>cely "o half ( ! actual requirem5ts2 a resort to requisitions on ! ,fr5* t]ritory occupi$ yield$ inadequate results2 & ! mak+ ( a regul> daily money-all[ance to (fic]s & m51 s t !y c\ld pur*ase _! own supplies 9 ! op5 m>ket or o!rwise1 01 at fir/1 f> f satisfactory4 ,x 01 9 fact1 only ow+ to ! mo/ /r5u\s ef=t on ! "p ( ! responsible (fic]s1 bo? dur+ ! inve/m5t ( ,p>is & 9 e>li] phases ( ! w>1 t ! ,g]man troops 7 (t5 sav$ f actual want4#ba ,! ma9 reasons = ! defects & %ortcom+s ?us develop$ 9 a s*eme on :i* s mu* c>e & prep>ation _h be5 be/[$ 7 7#a7 t1 :ile bas$ on fundam5tally s\nd pr9ciples1 ! s*eme 9 its actual application ?rew too great a /ra9 on ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,communications1 :i*1 z we h se51 0 expect$ to look aft]1 n only rail transport1 b r\te m>*+1 telegraphs1 po/al arrangem5ts1 & a great v>iety ( o!r ?+s besides2 7#b7 t1 ow+ to ! l>g] numb] ( ,army ,corps1 x 0 no long] possible1 z _h be5 done 9 #ahff1 to place a sep>ate l9e ( railway at ! disposal ( ea*1 s z to all[ ! said dep>tm5t to sup]9t5d ! traffic on ! basis ( its own organisation2 & 7#c7 ! abs5ce ( a c5tral adm9i/ration specially design$ 7a7 to act z an int]m$i>y & to ensure co-op]ation & mutual work+ betwe5 ! v>i\s ,l9e ,commissions &1 also1 betwe5 ! individuals & adm9i/rations1 bo? milit>y & civil1 engag$ 9 ! conduct ( rail-transport2 & 7b7 to control ! traffic z a :ole1 avoid+ difficulties1 blocks & delays assur+ a prompt & effici5t di/ribution ( supplies1 & gu>antee+ ! utilisation ( roll+ /ock to ! be/ advantage4 ,) a view to ov]com+1 z f> z possible1 ! tr\ble due to ! wide ext5t & ! great v>iety ( duties fall+ on ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,communications1 x 0 arrang$1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! w>1 to relieve t dep>tm5t ( all responsibility = ! railway s]vices & to transf] ! control & direction ( ^! to ! ,executive ,commission e/abli%$ at ! ,royal ,head-qu>t]s4 ,9 ?is way x 0 hop$ to utilise ! rail-transport facilities to great] advantage1 to decrease ! risk ( collisions & delays1 &1 ?r\gh a c5tral organisation1 to di/ribute ! transport dem&s m equally among ! v>i\s railways conc]n$4 ,by means ( ^! provisional modifications 9 ! orig9al s*eme a bett] sy/em ( op]ation 0 obta9$ dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! w>4 ,b ! complete reorganisation t 0 really necess>y 0 !n impracticable1 & mu* friction 9 ! work+ ( ! railway s]vices 0 /ill exp]i5c$1 p>tly because ?is ne$ful reorganisation c\ld n be c>ri$ out1 & p>tly because ( ! conflict+ ord]s com+ f diff]5t au?orities1 ea* ( :om1 "u ! conditions !n exi/+1 0 p]fectly )9 8 "r 9 giv+ !m4#bb ,! difficulties due to ! attempts to ru% supplies 9 excessive quantities direct to ! fight+-l9e1 or z ne> !reto z possible1 7 also met1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w>1 by ! sett+ up ( additional railway magaz9es or depts :]e ! =w>d+ ( necess>ies c\ld be bett] controll$2 b x 0 n until ! end ( #ahgj t any approa* to regul>ity 9 supply+ ! wants ( ! ,g]man =ces 0 f9ally secur$4 ,no soon] _h ! w> come to an end ?an ! "w ( rem$y+ ! defects :i* _h be5 develop$ 0 tak5 9 h& by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> & ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff4 ,foll[+ ! creation1 on ,octob] #a1 #ahga1 ( a ,railway ,battalion on a p]man5t basis came1 on ,july #bj1 #ahgb1 a new ,regulation cancell+ ! "o ( ,may #b1 #ahfg1 :i* _h be5 9 op]ation dur+ ! w>1 & sub/itut+ a new basis ( organisation 9 its place4 ,:ile reta9+ ! pr9ciple ( a ,c5tral ,commission 9 ,b]l91 ! s*eme ( #ahgb reliev$ ! r\te au?orities ( all responsibility = rail transport z well z = railway re/oration & op]ation at ! !atre ( w>1 transf]r+ to a new milit>y dep>tm5t all ! duties fall+ "u ^! heads1 ) ! fur!r advantage t su* dep>tm5t w\ld be able to control ! railways 9 "t ( w> indep5d5tly ( ! civil au?orities1 & )\t ! disadvantages hi!rto result+ f ! ne$ to deal1 9 reg>d to railway que/ions1 ) n9e sep>ate ,m9i/ries ( ,comm]ce & ab\t fifty diff]5t railway companies4 ,at ! same "t ! pr9ciple ( co-ord9ation 0 to be ma9ta9$ by ! appo9tm5t ( an ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,railways & ,l9es ( ,communication :o1 9 ea* ( ^! dep>tm5ts1 w\ld control a f> m effici5t organisation ?an _h previ\sly exi/$1 &1 also1 z director-9-*ief1 w\ld con/itute a c5tral au?ority & an int]m$i>y betwe5 ! s]vices conc]n$ & ! head ( ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff1 "u ^: direction he w\ld himself act4 ,ano!r important feature ( ! new ,regulation 0 t a di/9ction 0 n[ drawn betwe5 7#a7 railways on or ne> to ! !atre ( w> :i* c\ld n be work$ by _! ord9>y /affs1 & mu/ ne$s pass "u milit>y op]ation1 ) a p>am\nt milit>y control2 & 7#b7 home or o!r railways1 9 ! re> ( ! fight+1 :i* might c>ry ord9>y traffic--except s f> z ! l9es 7 want$ = milit>y purposes--& might /ill be work$ by _! own /affs1 b 9 ! op]ation ( :i* !re %\ld be a milit>y elem5t 9 "t ( w> 9 ord] to facilitate ! transport ( troops & milit>y necess>ies4 ,v>i\s o!r ,regulations1 & notably a s]ies 9 #ahgh & #ahhh1 foll[$ t ( #ahgb1 & ev5tually ! :ole s*eme ( organisation1 ) its additions & modifications1 seek+ to provide = e possible cont+5cy1 became extremely complicat$4 ,( ! multif>i\s in/ructions1 provisions & ord]s :i* _h be5 compil$1 "s appli$ to peace only1 "s to w> only1 & "s to bo? peace & w>2 "s to home railways & "s to railways at ! seat ( w>2 "s to milit>y m5 & "s to railway m51 & s on4 ,z an elaborate piece ( ma*9]y ! organisation 0 m compreh5sive & m complete ?an ev]2 b ! fe> arose t !re _h aga9 be5 a failure to take ! human elem5t suffici5tly into acc\nt4 ,( ^? 9 ! milit>y & ! railway s]vice :o %\ld h appli$ !mselves 9 "t ( peace to a /udy ( ! elaborate & extremely involv$ provisions :i* w\ld apply 9 "t ( w>1 comp>atively few1 x 0 f\nd1 7 dispos$ to devote !mselves to s un9vit+ a task4 ,s !re 0 issu$1 on ,janu>y #ah1 #ahii1 /ill ano!r new ,regulation :i* repeal$ "s ( ! e>li] ones & aim$ at amplify+1 cond5s+1 re>rang+ & facilitat+ ref]5ce to ! provisions rema9+ 9 =ce1 9 ord] t ! :ole s*eme %\ld be made cle>]1 simpl] & easi] to grasp4 ,^! results 7 fully atta9$1 &1 ?\gh /ill subject to ! f9al te/ ( a great w>1 su* z t :i* broke out 9 #aiad1 ! ,g]man ,regulation ( #ahii might c]ta9ly be consid]$ a ma/]piece ( organisation z prep>$ 9 "t ( peace4 ,"o especially useful purpose x s]v$ 0 t ( def9+ cle>ly ! duties1 responsibilities1 & sph]es ( action ( all ! au?orities1 civil or milit>y1 conc]n$ 9 ! control & op]ation ( railways = milit>y purposes4 ,! v>i\s ,regulations "h 9 "q h be5 supplem5t$ f "t to "t by ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 ! fir/ s]ies ( :i*1 issu$ "u date ,may #bc1 #ahhg1 0 design$ to take ! place ( ! ,ord9ances ( #ahfa relat+ to ! movem5t by rail ( great bodies ( troops4 ,^! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations ( #ahhg con/itut$ an epo* 9 ! milit>y hi/ory ( ,g]many4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ at ! "t z (f]+ a resum ( ! mo/ advanc$ ideas ( ,moltke1 if n1 also1 z ! cr[n+ glory ( milit>y organisation 9 ! reign ( ,william ,i2 & !y c]ta9ly ex]cis$ a p[]ful influ5ce on ,g]man milit>y lit]ature4 ,!y 71 fur!r1 ! />t+-po9t ( a prolong$ s]ies ( simil> ,regulations1 all am5d+1 modify+1 add+ to1 or abbreviat+ _! pr$ecessors4 ,^! *anges l$ to ! issue1 on ,janu>y #a1 #aijj1 ( a new edition1 bas$ on ! exhau/ive /udies ( a ,commission ( f\rte5 memb]s2 & /ill lat] revisions result$ 9 ! publication ( a fur!r s]ies on ,m>* #bb1 #aijh4bc ,"h1 !n1 we get /ill fur!r evid5ce ( ! ke5ness ) :i* ,g]many has foll[$ up1 9 times ( peace1 h] prep>ations = w>1 :ile ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 no less ?an ! o!r ,regulations already detail$1 %[ ! important place t milit>y rail-transport holds 9 ! view ( ^? responsible 9 ,g]many = ! mak+ ( ^! arrangem5ts4 ,railways1 x is decl>$ 9 ! ,regulations ( #aijh1 ex]cise a decisive influ5ce on ! :ole conduct ( a w>4 ,!y are ( ! greate/ importance = mobilis+ & conc5trat+ ! army1 & = ma9ta9+ x 9 a /ate ( effici5cy1 & !y enable portions ( x to be transport$ f "o place to ano!r dur+ ! op]ations4 ,:at ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations d is to pres5t 9 conc5trat$ & compact =m ! work+ details1 9 respect to field s]vice requirem5ts1 ( ^? o!r & full] ,regulations :i* cov] ! :ole gr\nd ( milit>y transport 9 g5]al4 ,tak+ ^! v>i\s s\rces ( in=mation1 ! nature ( ! organisation t ,g]many has ?us effect$ z ! result ( s _m ye>s ( /udy & exp]i5ce may be summ>is$ z foll[s3-- ,9 "t ( peace ! au?orities entru/$ ) ! task ( ensur+1 by _! prep>ations 9 advance1 ! success ( ! :ole sy/em ( milit>y rail-transport include 7#a7 ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>2 ! ,prussian ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff ( ! ,army2 ! memb]s ( ! ,railway ,section ( ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff1 ! ,l9e ,commissions & ! ,/ation ,commissions2 au?orities conc]n$ 9 ! =w>d+1 transport & receiv+ ( supplies1 & repres5tatives ( ! ,commiss>iat dep>tm5t2 & 7#b7 ! ,imp]ial ,*ancellor1 ! ,imp]ial ,railway ,bureau1 ! ,imp]ial ,adm9i/ration ( ,po/s & ,telegraphs1 & ! v>i\s railway adm9i/rations4 ,! ,prussian ,m9i/] ( ,w> is ! *ief repres5tative ( ! int]e/s ( ! ,army 9 all que/ions relat+ to ! milit>y use ( ! railways4 ,! ,prussian ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff ( ! ,army has "u 8 ord]s1 9 "t ( peace1 ! milit>y au?orities conc]n$ 9 rail-transport1 & gives !m ! necess>y in/ructions4 ,he keeps 9 close relations ) ! ,imp]ial ,railway ,bureau1 & s]ves z int]m$i>y betwe5 t ,bureau & ! ,prussian ,m9i/] ( ,w>4 ,x is he :o gives ! directions accord+ to :i* ! use ( ! railways 9 w>-"t is regulat$1 & he prescribes all ! prep>ations t are to be made 9 advance = ! facilitat+ ( su* use4 ,on mobilisation1 he dis*>ges all ! duties app]ta9+ to ! (fice ( ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,railways & ,l9es ( ,communication until t (fic] has himself tak5 !m 9 h&4 ,f t "t he issues in/ructions accord+ to circum/ances4 ,! ,railway ,section ( ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff is requir$1 among o!r duties1 to collect1 & h always available1 ! fulle/ & mo/ complete in=mation z to ! p[]s & facilities ( ! railways = ! transport ( troops1 etc4 ,to ?is end x keeps 9 con/ant communication ) ! railway adm9i/rations1 &1 also1 ) ! ,imp]ial ,railway ,bureau 7:i* c5tralises all que/ions affect+ railway adm9i/ration71 complet+1 if necess>y1 ?r\gh inve/igations made by its own (fic]s1 ! in=mation furni%$ annually by ! ,bureau4 ,! ,railway ,section fur!r takes *>ge ( a wide range ( details & prep>ations conc]n+ milit>y rail-transport 9 w>-"t4 ,on ! outbreak ( ho/ilities !re is appo9t$ = ea* !atre ( w> an ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,railways & ,l9es ( ,communication :o1 receiv+ 8 ord]s f ! ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 co-ord9ates ! two gr\ps ( s]vices1 & ensures h>mony 9 _! jo9t work+4 ,= ! op]ation ( ! railways1 z appli$ to milit>y purposes1 !re is a ,director ( ,field ,railways :o1 act+ "u ! ,inspector-,g5]al1 controls ! :ole railway s]vice4 ,?r\gh ! ,l9e ,commissions or ,comm&ants subord9ate to him he conveys to ! railway au?orities ! necess>y dem&s or in/ructions 9 respect to milit>y transport1 &1 9 conc]t ) 8 sup]ior (fic]s1 he fixes ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! l9es to be op]at$ on a peace foot+ & ^? t are to be subject to milit>y work+4 ,9 ! dis*>ge ( ^! & o!r duties he is assi/$ by a /aff compos$ p>tly ( milit>y m5 & p>tly ( railwaym54 ,ea* (fic] conc]n$ 9 ! transport arrangem5ts has a recognis$ deputy :o c act = him 9 case ( ne$4 ,( ,l9e ,commissions1 plac$ 9 *>ge1 = milit>y purposes1 ov] ! l9es ( railway 9 c]ta9 di/ricts1 & becom+ ,l9e ,comm&ants on ! outbreak ( w>1 !re 7 tw5ty "u ! revis$ ,regulation ( #ahii1 ! numb] be+ increas$ 9 #aijd to tw5ty-"o4 ,! headqu>t]s ( ^! ,commissions are at su* c5tres ( traffic z ,b]l91 ,hanov]1 ,erfurt1 ,dresd51 ,cologne1 ,altona1 ,breslau1 etc4 ,!y s]ve z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! high] milit>y au?orities & ! railway adm9i/rations ) :i* !y are associat$4 ,ea* ,l9e ,commission consi/s1 normally1 ( a /aff (fic] ( ! active army & a prom95t railway function>y1 ! =m] hav+ a non-commission$ (fic]1 & ! latt] a railway (ficial1 z secret>y1 ) su* fur!r assi/ance z may be ne$$4 ,subord9ate1 9 turn1 to ! ,l9e ,commissions are ! ,/ation ,commissions1 :i*1 receiv+ in/ructions f ! =m]1 see to ! c>ry+ out ( ! necess>y transport requirem5ts ei!r at _! p>ticul> /ation or on ! section ( l9e ( :i* !y are plac$ 9 *>ge4 ,:ile full provision is ?us made = ! repres5tation ( ! milit>y elem5t 9 ! conduct ( rail-transport 9 "t ( w>1 ) a view to ensur+ its effici5cy1 precautions are no less tak5 to avoid repetitions ( e>li] tr\bles due to que/ions ( responsibility & control1 &1 m especially1 to ! int]f]5ce ( milit>y (fic]s 9 ! te*nical op]ation ( ! railway l9es4 ,on ?is subject ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations ( #aijj /at$ 7p>agraph #dif73-- ,railways c only fully accompli% _! important & difficult task dur+ w> if no s]i\s h9drances to _! managem5t are creat$ by ! conduct ( ! troops4 ,9 ! lat] ,regulations ( #aijh x 0 said 7p>agraph #ebg73-- ,! important rle :i* railways h to fulfil r5d]s x incumb5t on e comm&] to d all 9 8 p[] to prev5t any int]f]5ce ) ! traffic due to delay1 etc41 on ! "p ( ! troops4 ,! railway /aff & conduct+ (fic]s are b\nd by ! transport arrangem5ts made by ! railway au?orities4 ,! conduct+ (fic] is responsible = ! adm9i/ration ( ! deta*m5t ( troops or consignm5t ( /ores "u 8 *>ge4 ,x is 8 duty1 z reg>ds himself & 8 *>ge1 to obey ! in/ructions ( ! railway (ficials4 ,any int]f]5ce ) ! s]vice ( ! railways is =bidd54 ,at important /ations ,railway ,/aff ,(fic]s are appo9t$ :o act z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! conduct+ (fic]s & ! railway (ficials4 ,conc]n+ ,l9es ( ,communication ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations ( #aijh say3-- ,a railway /ation1 to s]ve z a ,home ,base 7,etapp5anfangsort7 w be assign$ to e ,army ,corps4 ,f ^! home bases supplies are s5t =w>d to ,collect+ ,depts 7,sammel/ation571 :i* w be e/abli%$ at n too great a di/ance f ! !atre ( w>4 ,9 ! !atre ( w> a base w be assign$ to ea* ,army1 ! situation ( :i* w *ange accord+ to ! progress ( ! op]ations4 ,! ,army ,corps are connect$ ) ! ,field ,base by l9es ( communication roads 7,etapp5/rass571 & on ^! roads po/s are =m$ ab\t #ac miles ap>t4 ,z = ! mass ( work+ details also includ$ 9 ! v>i\s ,regulations1 ^! may well appe> to provide 9 advance = e possible requirem5t 9 reg>d to milit>y transport by rail1 f ! movem5t ( entire armies d[n to ! supply ( dr9k+ wat] at /ations & ! tak+ ( c>ri] pigeons 9 ! troop tra9s4 ,,footnotes3 #ba ,9 ,d] ,kriegs-,tra9 des deuts*5 ,he]es1 by ,e4 ,s*ff]1 7,b]l91 #ahhc71 ! au?or1 deal+ ) ! subject ( transport 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga1 & its effect on ! fe$+ ( ! ,g]man ,army1 says ( ! situation 9 ,augu/-,septemb]1 #ahgj3 ,imm]h9 wurd5 d5 ,trupp5 damals ni*t un]hebli*e ,entbehrung5 auf]legt2 :ile conc]n+ ! position ( ! army ( occupation 9 ,france he writes3 ,imm]h9 er=d]te es umfass5d] ,massregeln seit5s d] ,int5dantur1 die ,trupp5 vor wirkli*em ,mangel zu s*tz51 nam5tli* da die ,requisition5 w5ig ergiebig ausfiel51 und anfngli* au* d] freihndige ,ankauf ke95 re*t5 ,erfolg hatte4 #bb ,revue militaire de l'trang]1 #bg ,novembre1 #ahgb4 #bc ,field ,s]vice ,regulations 7,felddi5/ ,ordnung1 #aijh7 ( ! ,g]man ,army4 ,translat$ by ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 ,w> ,(fice4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,railway ,,troops ,,9 ,,g]many ,! innovation introduc$ into mod]n w>f>e by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ! organisation on a compreh5sive scale ( a ,con/ruction ,corps = ! comb9$ purposes ( repair+1 de/roy+ & op]at+ ! railways on :i* s mu* might dep5d 9 ! conduct ( w>1 attract$ great att5tion 9 ,europe1 & m especially s 9 ,g]many1 :i* 0 ! fir/ c\ntry on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic to foll[ ! ,am]ican prec$5t1 s9ce adopt$ m or less completely by all nations possess$ alike ( railways & a /&+ army4 ,d[n to ! "t ( ! ,w> ( ,secession ! ne$ = su* a corps _h n be5 realis$ 9 ,europe2 b ! advantages :i* might be ga9$ !refrom _h be5 %[n 9 s unmi/akable a =m t :51 9 #ahff1 !re 0 ! c]ta9ty ( an e>ly conflict betwe5 ,prussia & ,au/ria1 "o ( ! fir/ /eps tak5 by ! =m] c\ntry 0 to provide1 "u a decree ( ,may #f1 #ahff1 = a ,field ,railway ,section1 7,feldeis5bahnabteilung17 to be =m$1 & design$ to op]ate1 on a basis closely approximat+ to t :i* _h appli$ to ! correspond+ ,am]ican corps4 ,! special purposes to be s]v$ 7 def9$ z ^? ( rapidly repair+ l9es ( railway de/roy$ by ! enemy & ( de/roy+ railways x might be ?\ght exp$i5t to prev5t ! enemy f us+4 ,! section 0 to be "u ! ord]s ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff ei!r ( ! ,army or ( an ,army ,corps4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 n to come into be+ until its s]vices 7 really requir$1 & x 0 !n to act = ! duration ( ! w> only4 ,on ! outbreak ( ho/ilities ?ree divisions ( ! corps 7 mobilis$1 "u ,cab9et ,ord]s ( ,may #be & ,june #a1 "o division be+ allott$ to ea* ( ! ?ree ,prussian armies op]at+ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! !atre ( w>4 ,! composition ( ! corps 0 p>tly milit>y & p>tly civil4 ,! milit>y elem5t 0 suppli$ by (fic]s ( ! ,eng9e]s 7"o ( :om act$ z *ief71 non-commission$ (fic]s1 & a deta*m5t ( ,pione]s1 ! la/-m5tion$ be+ ei!r c>p5t]s or smi?s4 ,! civil elem5t compris$ railway eng9e]s1 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! con/ruction & repair ( p]man5t way1 bridges1 etc42 assi/ant railway eng9e]s1 p]=m+ ! duties ( cl]ks ( ! works2 head platelay]s1 =em51 locomotive driv]s1 ma*9i/s 7= ! repair ( eng9es1 roll+-/ock1 wat] pumps & wat] tanks71 & o!rs4 ,! memb]s ( ! civil section 7 *os5 f ! /aff ( ! ,prussian ,/ate railways by ! ,m9i/] ( ,comm]ce1 _! s]vices be+ plac$ by him at ! disposal ( ! ,w> ,m9i/]4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree divisions con/itut$ a complete unit4 ,on ! side ( ! ,au/rians !re 0 at t "t no simil> =ce available4 ,?ree ye>s be=e !re _h be5 publi%$ 9 ,vi5na a book1 by ,ob]/4 von ,panz1 entitl$ ,das ,eis5bahnwes51 vom militris*5 ,/&puncte1 9 :i* ! au?or express$ ! view t details on ! foll[+ po9ts1 among o!rs1 conc]n+ railways %\ld be collect$ 9 "t ( peace & classifi$ = ref]5ce 9 case ( ne$3--,p]man5t way3 sy/em & con/ruction2 gauge & numb] ( l9es2 :e!r l9es s+le or d\ble4 ,/ations3 size & con/ruction2 :i* ( !m be/ fitt$ to s]ve z depts4 ,bridges3 und]gr\nd works1 etc42 :i* ( ^! c\ld be ! mo/ easily de/roy$1 or soone/ repair$ if de/roy$1 & if prep>$ be=eh& = de/ruction4 ,embankm5ts3 size2 h[ made2 slope2 if provid$ ) culv]ts & size ( ^!4 ,cutt+s3 l5g? & dep?2 slopes2 nature ( gr\nd2 :e!r mu* or little wat]1 & :e!r dang] ( l&slips4 ,tunnels3 dim5sions & con/ruction2 if l9$ or cut 9 rock2 nature ( cutt+s at end & :e!r !y c be block$4 ,l>ge bridges & viaducts3 sy/em ( con/ruction2 span ( ar*es2 :e!r or n ! pi]s are m9$4#bd ,:]e m51 tools1 /ores & mat]ials c be obta9$1 & to :at ext5t4 ,^! recomm5dations attract$ mu* att5tion at ! "t4 ,!y 7 quot$ by ,h4 ,l4 ,we/phal5 9 8 book on ,die ,kriegfhrung unt] ,b5utzung d] ,eis5bahn5 7,leipzig1 #ahfh71 ( :i* a ,fr5* translation 0 publi%$ "u ! title ( ,de l',emploi des ,*em9s de ,f] en ,temps de ,gu]re 7,p>is1 #ahfi72 yet :51 j be=e ! outbreak ( w> ) ,prussia1 ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,au/rian ,nor!rn ,army recomm5d$ t a ,con/ruction ,corps %\ld be =m$1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> repli$ t ! repair ( railways 0 "w :i* %\ld be done by ! railway companies conc]n$4 ,all ! same1 ! ret>d+ ( ! ,prussian advance by int]rupt+ ! rail communications became an important phase ( ,au/rian tactics & 0 foll[$ up ) great activity4 ,bridges & viaducts 7 de/roy$1 rails torn up1 sleep]s burn$1 po9ts & turntables c>ri$ away1 tunnels ob/ruct$ & wat] cranes & pumps r5d]$ useless4 ,at "o place 7betwe5 ,lib5au & ,si*rau71 :]e ! railway pass$ ?r\gh a deep cutt+1 ! explosion ( m9es along ! top ( ea* bank deta*$ great masses ( rock :i*1 fall+ on ! l9es1 fill$ up ! cutt+ to a height ( six or eight feet = a di/ance ( ab\t #bej ft41 & c\ld n be remov$ until1 by means ( bla/+1 !y _h be5 brok5 up into pieces suffici5tly small to be c>ri$ away 9 balla/ trucks4 ,! arrangem5ts made by ! ,prussians 71 h[ev]1 s complete z to p]mit1 9 mo/ in/ances1 ( a spe$y re/oration4 ,ev5 9 ! in/ance j m5tion$1 fifty ,pione]s1 aid$ by tw5ty lab\r]s1 _h ! l9e cle> = traffic aga9 be=e midnight ( ! day ! de/ruction 0 caus$4 ,ea* division ( ! ,con/ruction ,corps _h at its disposal two locomotives & ?irty clos$ wagons or op5 trucks1 provision ?us be+ made = ! transport (1 among o!r ?+s1 six light cov]$ c>ts 7= use on ! roads 9 ! c\ntry to be invad$1 horses be+ requisition$ !re9 z necess>y72 tools2 supplies ( bla/+ p[d] or gun-cotton2 & rails1 sleep]s1 bolts1 etc41 = #bej y>ds ( railway1 res]ve mat]ials = a fur!r qu>t] ( a mile ( track be+ left at int]m$iate depts1 supplem5t$ by an unlimit$ supply at ! base ( op]ations4 ,! con/ruction tra9s also c>ri$ timb]1 ropes1 nails1 scaffold+1 clamps1 etc41 = ! prompt repair ( small bridges4 ,mat]ials = l>g] bridges or viaducts 7 /or$ at conv5i5t c5tres4 ,h[ ! reconnaissance ( a l9e :i* might h be5 subject$ to ! enemy's de/ructive tactics 0 c>ri$ out is ?us told by ,capta9 ,c4 ,e4 ,webb]1 ,r4,e41 9 8 ,notes on ! ,campaign 9 ,bohemia 9 #ahff3-- ,! reconnaissance />ts )1 &1 until int]rupt$1 keeps up )1 ! advance gu>d1 ! movem5t be+ cov]$ by cavalry sc\ts on ea* side ( ! l9e4 ,! great] portion ( ! tra9 9 *>ge ( ! dep>tm5t1 ) "o eng9e 9 front & ano!r beh9d1 advances sl[ly1 prec$$ at a di/ance ( ab\t #ejj paces by a trolley c>ry+ "o ( ! (fic]s1 f\r m5 to "w x1 & a bugl]4 ,on arriv+ at any ob/ruction ! trolley signals to ! tra9 by bugle & extra caution is us$ 9 advanc+ t[>ds x4 ,if 9 pres5ce ( ! enemy1 ! sc\ts give w>n+ to ! (fic] 9 ! trolley1 :o returns to ! tra9 & ! :ole retires4 ,! second eng9e c be deta*$ f ! re> to s5d messages or br+ up fre% supplies4 ,b = ! successes already ga9$ 9 ! same direction by ! ,f$]als 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! spe$ ) :i* repairs 7 c>ri$ out by ! ,prussian ,con/ruction ,corps--!n s rec5tly organis$--w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z rem>kable4 ,9 v>i\s in/ances communication 0 re/or$ )9 f "o & a half to ?ree days aft] ! de/ruction ev5 ( important bridges4 ,z x happ5$1 h[ev]1 :il/ ! ,au/rians _h %[n an excess ( zeal 9 "s directions by de/roy+ bridges :5 ! te>+ up ( ! rails w\ld h answ]$ ! same purpose1 ! hesitation ( ! responsible ,au/rian (fic] to fire ! m9es :i* _h already be5 laid to ! bridge ov] ! ,elbe at ,lobk[itz 0 ( great advantage to ! ,prussians1 leav+ !m ! use ( ! l9e f ,turnau to ,prague1 ,p>dubitz & ,brnn betwe5 ,july #ah & ,july #bg1 on :i* latt] date ! bridge 0 at la/ de/roy$ by ord] ( ! gov]nor ( ,!resi5/adt4 ,?is p>ticul> bridge 0 "o ( exceptional /rategical importance1 &1 accord+ to ,capta9 ,webb]1 ! con/ruction ev5 ( a tempor>y sub/itute--_h ! ,au/rians bl[n up ! bridge be=e ! ,prussians c\ld cross x--w\ld h tak5 no less ?an six weeks4 ,! omission1 also1 ( ! ,au/rians to remove or to de/roy ! railway roll+ /ock !y left beh9d at ,prague1 on _! retirem5t f t city1 conf]r$ a fur!r b5efit on ! ,prussians4 ,^! examples w\ld seem to %[ t promptness 9 c>ry+ out de/ruction at a critical mom5t may be no less important on ! "o side ?an effici5t organisation on ! o!r = accompli%+ ! "w ( re/oration 9 ! %orte/ possible "t4 ,:ile ! ,con/ruction ,corps _h ?us fully ju/ifi$ its exi/5ce1 ! sudd5 creation ( su* a corps = ! purposes ( a p>ticul> w>1 & = ! p]iod ( ! w> only1 0 consid]$ inadequate = a c\ntry :]e a l>ge /&+ ,army _h to be ma9ta9$ 9 read9ess = action at any mom5t1 9 case ( ne$4 ,h5ce x 0 ?\ght desirable t ,prussia %\ld h a ,field ,railway ,section e/abli%$ on a p]man5t & well-organis$ foot+4 ,!re 0 ! fur!r reason = adopt+ ?is c\rse because ! ,pione]s1 compos$ almo/ exclusively ( res]vi/s1 _h receiv$ no special tra9+ 9 railway "w1 :ile ! railway m5 !mselves1 accu/om$ to build+ l9es 9 a solid way = public use1 7 at a disadvantage :5 call$ on to c>ry out1 ) great rapidity1 & 9 a r\gh & ready mann]1 "w t 0 want$ only to s]ve ! tempor>y purposes ( ! ,army ) :i* !y 7 associat$4 ,x 0 f\nd1 also1 t ! corps1 compris+ s l>ge a civil elem5t1 _h escap$ ! sup]vision & control ( ! ,executive ,commission at ,b]l9 :i* _h = its function ! regulation ( all matt]s conc]n+ milit>y rail-transport4 ,nor did ! ,con/ruction & ,de/ruction ,corps con/itute1 z well1 an ,op]ation ,corps1 provid+ = ! work+ ( railways at ! !atre ( w>1 & especially ( railways tak5 f ! enemy4 ,! ,prussians _h1 inde$1 be5 able to comm& ! s]vices ( ,au/rian railwaym5 9 work+ ! railways seiz$ 9 t c\ntry2 b !re 0 no c]ta9ty t ! adoption ( a l exp$i5t w\ld be possible 9 any future w>4 ,by ?is "t ! :ole subject ( ! de/ruction & re/oration ( railway l9es z an important elem5t 9 mod]n w>f>e 0 attract+ att5tion among milit>y au?orities & writ]s 9 ,g]many4 ,a translation ( ,mc,callum's report 0 publi%$1 & ! issue 0 begun ( :at 0 to develop into a long s]ies ( te*nical pap]s1 pamphlets or books--su* z1 = example1 ,wilhelm ,basson's ,die ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege1 na* d5 ,erfahrung5 des letzt5 ,feldzuges 7,ratibor1 #ahfg7--;deal+ ) ! art ( rapidly de/roy+ & re/or+ railways 9 "t ( w> & ! mo/ effective measures to be adopt$ 9 ! atta9m5t ( ei!r end4 ,^! v>i\s consid]ations & developm5ts 71 no d\bt1 ! reason = ! issu+1 on ,augu/ #aj1 #ahfi1 ( a ,prussian ,royal ,decree :i* creat$ a p]man5t cadre ( ,railway ,troops to be con/itut$ ( ,pione]s :o 7 to und]go regul> in/ruction 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to ! con/ruction1 de/ruction & op]ation ( railways4 ,a new ,battalion ( ,pione]s 0 to be rais$ = ! purpose1 & ! :ole s*eme 0 to be c>ri$ into effect 9 ! c\rse ( #ahga4 ,:51 9 #ahgj1 ! w> ) ,france broke out1 ! prep>ations = ! creation ( ?is p]man5t corps 7 /ill proce$+2 b ! ,prussians 71 nev]!less1 able to ent] on ! campaign ) f\r sections ( ,railway ,troops1 subsequ5tly increas$ to six1 includ+ "o ,bav>ian section4 ,ea* section compris$ ,eng9e]s1 ,pione]s1 railwaym5 & auxili>y help]s1 all ( :om wore a uni=m hav+ ! lett] ,e 7,eis5bahntrupp57 on ! %\ld]1 & c>ri$ rifles4 ,prussia1 9 fact1 once m />t$1 z 9 #ahff1 ) su* advantage ov] h] enemy z might result f h] control ( a ,railway ,con/ruction ,corps4 ,at ! outset ,france _h no simil> body1 & ?\gh1 dur+ ! progress ( ! w>1 %e hurri$ly set ab\t ! creation ( a ,con/ruction ,corps ( h] own1 t corps did n d v mu* beyond collect+ at ,metz & ,/rasburg a great /ore ( railway mat]ials :i* 0 aft]w>ds to fall into ! h&s ( ! ,prussians1 & assi/ !m 9 _! own op]ations4 ,not)/&+ ! advantage ?us ga9$1 ! practical b5efits secur$ by ! ,g]mans1 al?\gh important 9 _! effect on ! f9al issue1 7 f> f be+ z great z ! ,army lead]s may h anticipat$ or desir$4 ,! de/ruction "w c>ri$ out by ! ,fr5* on _! own railways1 on _! retirem5t1 0 mu* m s]i\s ?an any?+ exp]i5c$ 9 ! ,prussian campaign 9 ,au/ria4 ,?us ! works = ! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! ,p>is-,/rasburg l9e 7( prim>y importance to ! ,g]mans = ! siege ( ,p>is7 ext5d$ f ,septemb] #ag to ,novemb] #bb4 ,! ,fr5* _h block$ ! tunnel ( ,nanteuil by ! explosion !re9 ( six m9es :i* br\ght d[n ! walls & fill$ ! we/]n end ( ! tunnel ) ab\t #d1jjj squ>e y>ds ( s&4 ,attempts to cle> away ! ob/ruction 7 a failure1 ow+ to ! occurr5ce ( fre% slips due to ! wet wea!r1 & ev5tually ! ,con/ruction ,corps built a loop l9e :i* avoid$ ! tunnel1 & s re/or$ communication4 ,! def5ce ( "s ( ! pr9cipal l9es by =tresses also contribut$ to ! difficulties ( ! invad]s2 ?\gh1 on ! o!r h&1 ^! difficulties w\ld h be5 great] /ill if ! ,fr5* _h always adopt$ ! be/ & mo/ sci5tific me?ods ( int]rupt+ rail communications1 z1 presumably1 !y w\ld h done if !y _h _h ! advantage ( a well-organis$ corps prep>$ 9 advance = ! "w t requir$ to be done4 ,at ,font5oy-sur-,moselle1 betwe5 ,nancy & ,t\l1 !re 01 = example1 a bridge ( sev5 ar*es1 effective de/ruction ( :i* w\ld h made a v s]i\s *eck 9 ! communications along ! pr9cipal l9e betwe5 ,g]many & ,p>is2 b1 in/ead ( bl[+ up ! bridge 9 ! middle1 ! m5 entru/$ ) ! "w 79 ,janu>y1 #ahga7 br\ght d[n two ar*es at ! side ( ! bridge1 caus+ a break :i* ! ,g]mans 7 able to fill 9 ) /ones & e>?1 re/or+ communication 9 ab\t sev5te5 days4 ,!n1 al?\gh sev]al ( ! tunnels 9 ! ,vosges m\nta9s 7 m9$1 ! m9es _h n be5 *>g$1 & be=e in/ructions to bl[ up ! tunnels _h be5 receiv$ by ^? await+ !m1 ! ,g]mans 7 on ! spot & took possession4 ,on ! o!r h& ! abs5ce on ! side ( ! ,fr5* ( an organis$ corps = de/ruction z well z con/ruction did n prev5t ! c>ry+ out ( "s v bold & highly successful "w by p>ties ( franc tireurs1 :o %[$ alike _! appreciation ( ! importance ( rail communications & _! skill 9 imp$+ !m4 ,"o especially /rik+ feat 9 ?is direction 0 accompli%$ by a company kn[n z ! ,franc ,tireurs ( ! ,meuse4 ,le>n+ t a ,prussian troop tra9 0 to pass ?r\gh ,lanois 7on ! l9e betwe5 ,reims & ,mons7 on ,octob] #bf1 #ahgj1 !y resolv$ to effect its de/ruction4 ,h[ !y op]at$ is told by ,lieut5ant ,fras]1 ,r4 ,e41#be :o arriv$ on ! spot %ortly aft]w>ds1 & he>d ! /ory f "s ( ! m5 engag$ on ! "w4 ,any ob/ruction plac$ on ! l9e w\ld h be5 se54 ,h5ce a diff]5t c\rse _h to be adopt$4 ,select+ a spot :]e ! l9e ran along a #ab-;ft4 high embankm5t1 to :i* a well-wood$ slope came d[n on "o side1 ! franc tireurs took up a pair ( rails1 remov$ ! sleep]s1 cut a deep tr5* across ! l9e1 laid "s pieces ( iron at ! bottom ( ! tr5*1 plac$ on ! iron a box conta9+ ?irty kilos 7#b qrs4 #aj lbs47 ( p[d]1 & fix$ into ! lid ( ! box a ,fr5* field %ell 9 su* a way t1 :5 ! rail 0 replac$ ov] ! box1 ! head ( ! fuse w\ld be j bel[ ! l[] flange ( ! rail4 ,9 re/or+ ! l9e aga9 9 ord] t !re %\ld be no?+ to attract att5tion1 ! franc tireurs omitt$ "o sleep] s t ! weight ( ! locomotive %\ld 9 pass+ press ! rail d[n on to ! head ( ! fuse4 ,! p>ty--"s sev5ty-five /rong--!n )drew to ! %elt] ( ! woods to await developm5ts4 ,9 due "t ! tra9 ( =ty coa*es approa*$ at ! ord9>y spe$1 ! driv] n suspect+ any dang]4 ,:5 ! eng9e rea*$ ! spot :]e ! torp$o _h be5 plac$1 an explosion occurr$ :i* tore up a mass ( e>?1 rails & sleep]s1 ?rew ! eng9e & sev]al c>riages d[n ! embankm5t1 & wreck$ ! tra94 ,^? ( ! ,prussian troops :o got cle> f ! wreckage 7 %ot d[n by ! franc tireurs "u ! protection ( _! cov]4 ,! numb] ( ! enemy ?us dispos$ ( 0 said to be ab\t #djj4 ,altoge!r ! ,fr5*1 9 _! ef=ts to imp$e ! rail movem5ts ( ! invad]1 de/roy$ _m miles ( l9e1 toge!r ) no few] ?an sev5ty-eight l>ge bridges & tunnels1 ap>t f m9or int]ruptions4 ,! repairs & recon/ruction ?us r5d]$ necess>y ?rew a great am\nt ( lab\r on ! ,prussian ,railway ,troops1 & mu* tr\ble arose f "t to "t on acc\nt1 n only ( ! inadequate supply ( mat]ials ev5 = tempor>y con/ructions1 b1 also1 by reason ( ! %ortcom+s ( ! work]s !mselves4 ,! sections ( ,railway ,troops _h be5 s rec5tly =m$ t ! m5 7 /ill )\t adequate tra9+4 ,9 #ahgj-ga1 z 9 #ahff1 milit>y memb]s & civilian memb]s ( ! ,con/ruction ,corps 7 alike unfamili> ) ! special class ( "w call$ = 9 ! repair or ! rebuild+ ( railways "u ! em]g5cy conditions ( actual w>f>e4 ,?is in/ruction _h1 9 fact1 to be complet$ at ! !atre ( w> at a "t :5 ! ,corps %\ld h be5 prep>$ to %[ ! greate/ effici5cy4 ,difficulties arose1 also1 on ! side ( ! ,g]mans 9 op]at+ ! #b1ejj miles ( ,fr5* railway l9es ( :i* !y took possession4 ,!re 01 9 ! fir/ place1 a defici5cy bo? ( locomotives & ( roll+ /ock4 ,s f> z circum/ances w\ld p]mit1 ! ,fr5*1 z !y retreat$1 ei!r took _! railway roll+ /ock ) !m or de/roy$ x1 9 ord] t x %\ld n be us$ by ! enemy4 ,attempts 7 made to meet ! difficulty by obta9+ con/ant re9=cem5ts ( eng9es & wagons f ,g]many2 b ev5 !n ! organisation = controll+ ! use ( roll+ /ock1 among o!r transport details1 0 /ill s defective t comm&]s :o want$ to ensure ! movem5t ( _! own troops by rail did n hesitate to take possession ( eng9es & c>riages set aside = ! regul> s]vices ( ! l9e4 ,!re 71 9 fact1 occasions :51 = ?is reason1 ! regul> s]vices _h to be /opp$ altoge!r4 ,9 ! next place tr\bles ) ! p]sonnel 7 no less acute ?an ^? ) ! matriel4 ,9 proportion z ! ,g]mans advanc$ t[>ds ,p>is ! bulk ( ! ,fr5* population retir$1 :ile ?reats & (f]s ( lib]al pay alike fail$ to secure f ^? :o rema9$ assi/ance ei!r 9 repair+ or 9 op]at+ ! l9es ( :i* ! invad]s _h tak5 possession4 ,9 ^! circum/ances n only eng9es1 c>riages & wagons1 b no few] ?an #c1ejj railwaym5--9 addition to ! ,g]man ,railway ,troops already 9 ,france--_h to be br\ght f ,g]many4 ,yet ev5 ! resort to ?is exp$i5t />t$ a fre% lot ( tr\bles4 ,! railwaym5 s import$ _h be5 9 ! s]vice ( diff]5t ,g]man railway companies ^: equipm5t & me?ods ( op]ation v>i$ consid]ably2 s t :5 ! m5 7 requir$ to "w toge!r--& t1 also1 on ! l9es ( a =eign c\ntry1 ) ! accompanim5t ( mu* laxity 9 discipl9e z well z ( mu* mutual misund]/&+--a va/ am\nt ( friction arose4 ,all ^! exp]i5ces emphasis$ & /r5g!n$ ! conclusion arriv$ at ev5 be=e ! campaign ( #ahgj-ga--t ! real effici5cy ( ,railway ,troops c only be obta9$ by organis+ !m 9 "t ( peace 9 read9ess = times ( w>4 ,su* conclusion be+ n[ beyond all possible dispute1 action 0 tak5 by ,prussia ) *>act]i/ic promptness4 ,9 accordance ) a ,royal ,ord] ( ,may #ai1 #ahga1 !re 0 add$ to ! ,prussian ,army1 on ,octob] #a ( ! same ye>1 a ,railway ,battalion 7,eis5bahnbataillon71 ! special purposes ( :i* 7 7#a7 to af=d to ^? con/itut+ x ! means ( obta9+1 9 "t ( peace1 su* te*nical tra9+ z w\ld enable !m to con/ruct any railway works necess>y 9 "t ( w>1 to repair promptly any damage done to railways1 & to und]take ! entire railway traffic along l9es ( communication2 7#b7 to procure1 or prep>e1 9 "t ( peace1 all plant1 mat]ials1 tools1 etc41 likely to be requir$ 9 "t ( w>2 & 7#c7 to con/itute ! nucleus ( all necess>y railway =mations 9 w>4 ,! ,battalion 0 =m$ ( non-commission$ (fic]s & m5 ( ! n[ disb&$ sections ( ,railway ,troops :o 7 /ill liable to milit>y s]vice1 supplem5t$ by ?ree-ye> volunte]s & recruits f all p>ts ( ! t]ritory subject to ! ,prussian ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 only ^? be+ accept$1 h[ev]1 ^: previ\s occupations fitt$ !m = "o or o!r ( ! v>i\s grades ( railway "w4 ,! (fic]s 7 obta9$ ma9ly1 ?\gh n exclusively1 f ! ,eng9e]s4 ,memb]s ( t corps1 toge!r ) o!rs :o 7 me*anical eng9e]s by pr(ession1 7 accept$ z "o-ye> volunte]s4 ,on a peace foot+ ! ,battalion 0 compos$ ( a ,/aff & f\r ,companies1 ea* ( #ajj or #abe m51 ) a dept1 & provid$ ) its own means ( transport4 ,"o ( ! ,companies consi/$ exclusively ( platelay]s & wat*m54 ,on mobilisation ea* ,company 0 to be enl>g$ into two ,con/ruction ,companies & "o ,traffic ,company1 giv+ a total1 on a w> foot+1 ( eight ,con/ruction & f\r ,traffic ,companies4 ,! ,corps also _h a res]ve division consi/+ ( a ,/aff1 two ,companies & a section ( railway employs4 ,all (fic]s hav+ railway exp]i5ce :o _h s]v$ 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga 7 includ$ 9 ! res]ve4 ,! tra9+ ( ! ,battalion 0 "u ! direction ( ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ! ,eng9e]s ,corps4 ,x compris$ 7#a7 !oretical & sci5tific in/ruction ( ! (fic]s 9 all bran*es ( railway con/ruction1 repair & de/ruction1 c\pl$ ) ! /udy ( e bran* ( railway sci5ce likely to be ( advantage 9 milit>y transport1 :ile special importance 0 atta*$ to a close & con/ant int]c\rse ) ! /affs ( ! v>i\s railways1 & 7#b7 practical exp]i5ce ( railway con/ruction & op]ation4 ,?is exp]i5ce 0 af=d$ 7a7 on ! ,battalion's practice gr\nds1 :]e in/ruction 0 m especially giv5 9 ! art ( rapidly de/roy+ railway track2 7b7 ?r\gh ! employm5t ( ! m5--subject to ! cont9u$ ma9t5ance among !m ( ! pr9ciple ( a milit>y organisation--on _m ( ! private z well z on ! ,/ate railways 9 ,g]many1 su* employm5t includ+ ! repair ( bridges1 ! lay+ ( track1 ! enl>gem5t ( /ations1 etc41 & 7c7 by ! con/ruction1 op]ation & managem5t ( a %ort l9e ( railway :i*1 on completion1 0 devot$ to ! public s]vice4 ,! p]iod ( tra9+ 0 = ei!r "o or ?ree ye>s & ! ,battalion 0 kept up to a normal /&>d ( ab\t #ejj m5 by a succession ( recruits4 ,^! recruits 7 g5]ally m5 ( a good type1 admission to ! ,battalion be+ reg>d$ ) ! great] fav\r inasmu* z ! exp]i5ce ga9$ 0 f\nd to be ( advantage to ! m5 9 obta9+ railway employm5t on _! return to civil life4 ,9 ! giv+ ( ?is practical in/ruction ! purpose specially kept 9 view 0 t ( anticipat+ z f> z possible actual w> conditions1 & provid+ = !m accord+ly4 ,?us 9 ! lay+ ( rails = any new l9e built by ! ,railway ,troops great importance 0 atta*$ to ! spe$ ) :i* ! "w c\ld be done1 ! records ( ! "t tak5 be+ v closely wat*$4 ,to "o gr\p ( (fic]s 0 allocat$ ! duty ( /udy+ all developm5ts 9 railway sci5ce & op]ation at home or abroad & convey+ in=mation !reon to ^? "u in/ruction4 ,a fur!r important feature ( ! s*eme includ$ ! publication ( a s]ies ( textbooks on railway subjects reg>d$ f a milit>y /&po9t4 ,a beg9n+ 0 also made ) ! collection ( l>ge supplies ( rails1 bridge mat]ials1 etc41 = use z requir$4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahgb1 ,bav>ia creat$ a simil> ,battalion1 compris+ a s+le ,company atta*$ to ! #a/ ,bav>ian ,corps4 ,! con/itution & ! op]ations ( ?is ,battalion foll[$ closely ! prec$5ts e/abli%$ by ,prussia4 ,su* 0 ! importance atta*$ by ! highe/ milit>y au?orities 9 ,g]many to ! =mation ( ^! ,railway ,troops t ! ,*ief ( ! ,great ,g5]al ,/aff 0 _! ,inspector-,g5]al f ! "t ( ! fir/ ,prussian ,battalion be+ creat$ d[n to ! ye> #ahii4 ,9 ,decemb] #cj1 #ahge1 came ! conv]sion ( ! ,railway ,battalion into a ,railway ,regim5t4 ,x 0 felt t ! cadres ( ! =m] did n respond suffici5tly to ! ne$s ( ! milit>y rail-transport situation1 & !y 7 accord+ly enl>g$ into a ,regim5t ( two ,battalions1 ) a regim5tal ,/aff ( =ty-eight1 & #ejb m5 9 ea* ,battalion4 ,9 #ahhg ! ,prussian ,regim5t 0 increas$ f two ,battalions to f\r1 & ! ,bav>ian ,battalion exp&$ to ! ext5t ( two companies 9 place ( "o4 ,9 #ahij ! ,prussian ,regim5t fur!r became a ,brigade ( two ,regim5ts1 ea* ( two ,battalions1 ! numb] ( units ?us rema9+ ! same z be=e2 ?\gh 9 #ahic ! ,prussian ,brigade 0 augm5t$ by two m ,battalions1 increas+ its =ce to ?ree ,regim5ts1 ea* ( two ,battalions ) f\r ,companies 9 ea* ,battalion1 or a total ( tw5ty-f\r ,companies1 ( :i* "o 0 a ,wrtemb]g ,company & two 7 ,saxon ,companies1 :ile ! ,bav>ian ,battalion acquir$ ?ree ,companies 9 ! place ( two4 ,9 #ahii ,prussia took a fur!r new dep>ture by gr\p+ toge!r1 z ,communication ,troops 7,v]k]/rpp571 all ! te*nical units conc]n$ 9 ! railway1 ! telegraphic & ! air-craft s]vices4 ,?is new arm 0 put "u ! control ( an (fic] hold+ ! rank ( a ,g5]al ( ,division & receiv+ 8 ord]s direct f ! ,emp]or4 ,a *ange 0 also effect$ 9 reg>d to ! ,b]l9-,jut]bog railway--a s+le-track l9e1 #gj km4 7#dd miles7 9 l5g?1 :i*1 orig9ally con/ruct$ ma9ly by ! ,railway ,troops1 0 op]at$ by !m z a means ( acquir+ exp]i5ce 9 railway work+4 ,prior to ! pass+ ( ! law ( ,m>* #be1 #ahii1 troops = ! work+ /aff 7 suppli$ by ! ,brigade1 & ! frequ5t *anges 7 a cause ( "s inconv5i5ce4 ,"u ! new law a section con/itut$ ( ?ree ,prussian ,companies & a ,saxon deta*m5t1 ) a ,lieut5ant-,colonel z director1 0 specially creat$ = ! op]ation ( ! l9e4 ,altoge!r ! ,railway ,troops compris$ a total ( ?irty-"o ,companies1 hav+ #ahj (fic]s & #d1ejj non-commission$ (fic]s & m52 b ^! figures 7 irrespective ( c>efully-compil$ li/s 7subject$ to frequ5t revision7 ( all res]vi/s possess+ railway exp]i5ce & /ill liable = milit>y s]vice4 ,brigade1 ,battalions & ,companies ?us =m$ only ! cadres ( a small army ( m5 consid]$ qualifi$ to und]take railway "w ( "o k9d or ano!r 9 "t ( w>4 ,ev5 9 ,g]many itself ! ne$ = hav+ s l>ge a body ( ,railway ,troops 0 call$ into "q "s ye>s ago1 on ! gr\nd1 p>tly1 t x 0 desirable to keep to ! l[e/ practicable m9imum ! numb] ( non-combatants closely associat$ ) ! ,army2 &1 p>tly1 because ( ! view--fav\r$ by ,von d] ,goltz1 9 8 ,kriegfhrung--t mu* ( ! con/ruction "w :i* ! ,railway ,troops w\ld c>ry out might be left to contractors1 )\t hamp]+ ! ,army ) fur!r bodies ( new troops = special purposes4 ,to ^! sugge/ions x 0 repli$1 9 effect1 7#a7 t 9 any future w> ! movem5t ( l>ge bodies ( troops w\ld be directly associat$ ) ! provision & ! ma9t5ance ( adequate railway facilities2 7#b7 t ,railway ,troops1 con/itut$ 9 "t ( peace1 w\ld alone be capable ( ensur+ ! rapid r5ovation ( damag$ l9es1 or ! con/ruction ( new ones1 9 "t ( w>2 7#c7 t works ( ?is k9d1 done "u great pressure1 & s]v+ tempor>y purposes only1 w\ld diff] ess5tially f railway works und]tak5 9 peace by ord9>y contractors2 & 7#d7 t ,g]many requir$ a l>ge body ( ,railway ,troops on acc\nt ( h] geographical position1 inasmu* z %e might h to face an enemy on ei!r1 or bo?1 ( two fronts--,france & ,russia2 :ile if1 9 ! ev5t ( a w> ) ,russia1 %e %\ld want to s5d h] =ces into t c\ntry by rail1 %e w\ld require to h a l>ge body ( ,railway ,troops available ei!r = ! conv]sion ( ! ,russian #e ft4 gauge into ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge ( ! ,g]man l9es 79 ord] t ! eng9es & roll+ /ock ( ! latt] c\ld be utilis$ on ,russian t]ritory71 or = ! con/ruction ( special milit>y railways z sub/itutes = ! ,russian l9es4 ,:atev] ! m]its ( ^! respective argum5ts1 ! fact rema9s t ! ,railway ,troops ( ,g]many1 creat$ "u ! circum/ances & conditions "h detail$1 h be5 ma9ta9$ 9 /eadily increas+ numb]s1 &1 also1 9 con/antly exp&+ effici5cy ?anks to :at is1 9 effect1 _! ,s*ool ( ,railway ,in/ruction & to ! great am\nt ( practical "w !y h be5 call$ ^u to d1 :e!r 9 ! build+ ( /rategical l9es or 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( railway con/ruction1 de/ruction or work+ 9 :i* !y c\ld ga9 exp]i5ce likely to be ( advantage 9 "t ( w>4 ,!re 01 also1 accord+ to ,m4 ,paul ,lanoir1 z relat$ by him 9 8 book on ,! ,g]man ,spy ,sy/em1 a /ill fur!r purpose t ^! ,army railwaym5 might be call$ on to s]ve4 ,he tells h[ 9 #ahhj1 ! *ief ( ! sy/em1 ! notori\s ,/ieb]1 conceiv$ ! idea ( secur+ ! appo9tm5t 9 e portion ( ! national railway sy/em ( ,france 7& m especially at important junctions or /rategical c5tres7 ( ,g]man spies :o1 compet5t to act z railway work]s1 w\ld1 9 ! ev5t ( any future w> betwe5 ,g]many & ,france1 & on receiv+ ! necess>y in/ructions1 de/roy or block ! railway l9es at ^? po9ts 9 su* a mann]--z plann$1 ( c\rse1 9 advance--t great delay w\ld occur 9 ! mobilisation ( ! ,fr5* troops ow+ to ! traffic be+ p>alys$ = ! "t be+2 ! ,g]mans1 9 ! meantime1 ru%+ _! own =ces to ! fronti]4 ,! extremely important rle :i* w\ld devolve on our railwaym51 adds ,m4 ,lanoir1 at ! mom5t ( ! decl>ation ( w>1 9 fulfill+ _! functions z indisp5sable auxili>ies to ! combatant army1 0 already ?or\ghly appreciat$ at ?is p]iod4 ,submitt$ to ,pr9ce ,bism>ck1 ,/ieb]'s s*eme 0 approv$ by him1 &1 s f> z ! obta9+ ( appo9tm5ts on ! ,fr5* railways by ,/ieb]'s ag5ts 0 conc]n$1 ! plan _h be5 quietly c>ri$ into effect by ! end ( #ahhc2 b a casual incid5t !n l$ to ! discov]y ( ! conspiracy by ,m4 ,lanoir himself4 ,)9 a week1 z ! result ( 8 communications ) ,g5]al ,camp5au1 ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 ! railway companies receiv$ a confid5tial circul> requir+ t !y %\ld call ^u e =eign] employ$ by !m 9 any capacity :atev] to become naturalis$ )\t delay4 ,^? :o w\ld n adopt ?is c\rse 7 to be imm$iately dismiss$4 ,! numb] ( =eign]s !n 9 ! employ ( ! railway companies 0 #a1fda1 &1 al?\gh #a1dei ( !m agre$ to become naturalis$1 !re 7 #ahb ,g]mans :o refus$ s to d4 ,^! #ahb 7 at once dis*>g$--! assumption be+ t !y 7 ! spies1 qualifi$ to act z railway work]s1 by :om ! dislocation ( traffic 0 to h be5 ensur$ :5ev] !y might receive ^w to t effect4 ,,footnotes3 #bd ,capta9 ,a4 de ,=manoir /ates 9 8 book1 ,des ,*em9s de ,f] en ,temps de ,gu]re 7,confr5ces militaires belges4 ,bruxelles1 #ahgj71 t 9 ,france & ,au/ria all ! railway bridges h m9e-*amb]s s t !y c be readily de/roy$ :5 ! occasion arises4 #be ,acc\nt ( a ,torp$o us$ = ! ,de/ruction ( a ,railway ,tra9 on ! #bf? ( ,octob]1 #ahgj4 ,by ,lieut4 ,fras]1 ,r4,e4 ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,n4,s41 ,vol4 ,,xx4 ,woolwi*1 #ahgb4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,france ,,& ,,! ,,w> ,,( #ahgj-ga ,:5 ,france w5t to w> ) ,g]many 9 #ahgj-ga1 h] milit>y rail-transport 0 /ill gov]n$ by regulations :i*1 adopt$ z f> back z #ahea & #ahee1 relat$ only to su* matt]s ( detail z ! f9ancial arrangem5ts betwe5 ! ,army & ! railway companies1 ! l5g? ( troop tra9s1 etc41 )\t mak+ any provision = an organisation controll+ ! transport ( l>ge bodies ( m5 9 "t ( w>4 ,x c]ta9ly _h be5 "u ^! regulations t ! ,fr5* troops 7 convey$ to ,italy :5 !y took "p 9 ! campaign ( #ahei2 b ! defects !n develop$1 c\pl$ ) ! fur!r lessons taught by ! ,au/ro-,prussian ,w> ( #ahff1 _h %[n ! ne$ = br++ ^! e>ly ,fr5* regulations into h>mony ) ! conditions & requirem5ts ( mod]n w>f>e4 ,impress$ by ^! consid]ations1 & realis+ ! disadvantages & dang]s ( ! position into :i* 8 c\ntry _h drift$1 ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 ,m>%al ,niel1 appo9t$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahfi1 a ,commission ,c5trale des ,*em9s de ,f]1 compos$ ( repres5tatives ( ! ,army1 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,works1 & ! pr9cipal railway companies1 = ! purpose n only ( revis+ ! exi/+ regulations on milit>y transports b ( prep>+ a new "o to take _! place4 ,! ,commission held tw5ty-n9e sitt+s & x drew up a provisional s*eme on l9es closely foll[+ ^? already adopt$ 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria & bas$1 especially1 on ! same pr9ciple ( a co-ord9ation ( ! milit>y ) ! railway te*nical elem5t4 ,?is provisional s*eme 0 subject$ to v>i\s te/s & trials ) a view to p]fect+ x be=e x 0 plac$ on a p]man5t basis4 ,b ,m>%al ,niel di$2 no new regulation 0 adopt$2 ! project$ s*eme 0 m or less =gott52 "t 0 aga9/ ! e>ly completion ( ! propos$ exp]im5ts1 :ile political & milit>y developm5ts succe$$ "o ano!r ) su* rapidity t1 on ! outbreak ( w> 9 #ahgj1 x 0 no long] possible to c>ry out ! propos$ plans4 ,s ! /udies ( ! ,commission came to naught1 & ,france emb>k$ on h] trem5d\s conflict ) no organisation = milit>y transport ap>t f ! out-(-date & :olly defective regulations "u :i* h] troops _h already suff]$ 9 ! ,italian w> ( #ahei4 ,!re 0 an impression t ! tal5t ( ! ,fr5* soldi] w\ld enable him to se dbr\ill]--to pull1 if n 79 ! ,engli% s5se7 to muddle1 ?r\gh4 ,b ! conditions 7 hopeless1 & ! results spe$ily br\ght ab\t 7 little %ort ( *aos4 ,s f> z ! actual conveyance ( troops 0 conc]n$1 ! railway companies !mselves did m>vels4 ,! num]ical sup]iority ( ,g]many1 z ,von d] ,goltz says 9 8 ,nation 9 ,arms1 0 kn[n 9 ,p>is1 & x 0 ?\ght to neutralise ?is sup]iority by boldness & rapidity4 ,! idea 0 a good "o 444 b 444 x 0 ne$ful t ! ,g]mans %\ld be outdone 9 ! rapidity ) :i* ! armies 7 mass$4 ,t ! railway managem5ts & /affs did _! be/ to secure ?is result is beyond any possibility ( d\bt4 ,on ,july #ae1 #ahgj1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,works direct$ ! ,e/1 ,nord & ,p>is-,lyon ,companies to place all _! means ( transport at ! disposal ( ! ,w> ,m9i/]1 susp5d+ z f> z necess>y _! ord9>y pass5g] & goods s]vices2 & ! ,oue/ & ,orlans ,companies 7 ask$ to put _! roll+ /ock at ! disposal ( ! ?ree o!r companies4 ,! ,e/1 to :i* ! heavie/ "p 9 ! "w involv$ 0 to fall1 _h already tak5 v>i\s measures 9 anticipation ( an outbreak ( w>2 & su* 0 ! en]gy %[n by ! companies1 z a :ole1 t ! fir/ troop tra9 0 />t$ f ,p>is at #e4de p4m4 on ,july #af1 )91 t is to say1 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ( ! receipt ( ! notice f ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,works4 ,betwe5 ,july #af & ,july #bf !re 7 despat*$ #eid troop tra9s1 convey+ #ahf1fbj m51 #cb1daj horses1 #c1afb guns & road vehicles1 & #iie wagon-loads ( ammunition & supplies4 ,9 ! n9ete5 days ( ! :ole conc5tration p]iod 7,july #af-;,augu/ #d7 ! companies c>ri$ #cjj1jjj m51 #fd1gjj horses1 #f1fjj guns & road vehicles1 & #d1djj wagon-loads ( ammunition & supplies4 ,all ?is activity on ! "p ( ! railway companies 01 h[ev]1 neutralis$ m or less by ! abs5ce ( any adequate organisation = regulat+ & o!rwise deal+ ) ! traffic1 s f> z conc]n$ ! milit>y au?orities !mselves4 ,! fir/ regim5t to leave ,p>is1 on ,july #af1 arriv$ at ! /ation at #b p4m4 = ! tra9 due to />t at #e4de p4m4 ,! m5 _h be5 accompani$ ?r\gh ! /reets by an imm5se cr[d %\t+ ,b]l96 &1 ) s mu* "t to sp>e1 !y ei!r block$ up ! /ation or 7 tak5 (f by _! fri5ds to ! neighb\r+ tav]ns1 :]e ! consumption ( liquor 0 su* t1 by ! "t ! tra9 />t$1 mo/ ( ! m5 7 excessively drunk4 ,9 addition to ?is1 _m _h be5 reliev$ ( _! ammunition--tak5 f !m1 p]haps1 z s\v5irs ( an hi/oric occasion1 ?\gh de/9$ to reappe> & to be put to bad use 9 ! days ( ! ,commune1 lat] on4 ,if1 h[ev]1 at ! beg9n+1 ! troops got to ! /ation ?ree h\rs be=e !re 0 any ne$1 o!r occasions 7 to arise :5 !y kept tra9s wait+ ?ree or f\r h\rs be=e !y !mselves 7 ready to />t4 ,!n1 9 ,g]many ! conc5tration ( ! troops at "s safe po9t 9 ! int]ior1 & _! transport !nce by rail to ! fronti] 9 complete units1 took place z sep>ate & di/9ct op]ations4 ,9 ,france ! two movem5ts 7 conduct$ simultane\sly2 & ?is1 9 itself1 0 a prolific s\rce ( confusion & disorganisation on ! railways4 ,! troops came to ! /ations on a peace foot+ & 9 v>i\s /r5g?s4 ,"o regim5t might h only "o-?ird ! /r5g? ( ano!r despat*$ e>li] ! same day or on ! previ\s day1 al?\gh ! railway company w\ld h provid$ ! same numb] ( vehicles = bo?4 ,!re 0 ?us a *oice ( evils z betwe5 remov+ two-?irds ( ! c>riages 7a proc$ure :i* "t or ! /ation arrangem5ts did n always p]mit72 s5d+ ! tra9 away only p>tially load$2 or fill+ up ! available space ei!r ) m5 belong+ to o!r corps or ) su* supplies z might be available at ! mom5t4 ,"s tra9s did leave ne>ly empty1 b x 0 ! la/ m5tion$ ( ! ?ree c\rses t 0 g5]ally adopt$4 ,m5 ( diff]5t arms--,infantry1 ,cavalry & ,artill]y2 mobilis$ troops1 res]vi/s1 & individuals1 sep>at$1 x might be1 f _! own (fic]s & n will+ to %[ !mselves am5able to ! discipl9e ( o!r (fic]s--7 ?us transport$ at ! same "t z1 possibly1 a miscellane\s collection ( horses1 mat]ial & commiss>iat supplies4 ,o!r tra9s1 aga91 w5t away s ov]cr[d$ t !y c\ld n accommodate all ! m5 :o %\ld h gone by !m1 _m be+ left beh9d 9 consequ5ce4 ,confusion & delays at ! railway /ations dur+ ! entra9+ ( ! troops 7 r5d]$ ! m complete because ! railway /affs fail$ to get an adequate degree ( support f ! milit>y au?orities4 ,accord+ to "o ( ! articles 9 ^? regulations ( #ahee :i* 7 /ill 9 =ce1 (fic]s 7 responsible = ! prescrib$ movem5ts 9 connection ) ! entra9+1 & %\ld p]sonally co-op]ate 9 ensur+ obs]vance ( ! regulations ref]r+ !reto2 b1 accord+ to ,b>on ,ern\f1 7,hi/oire des ,*em9s de ,f] ,franais p5dant la ,gu]re ,franco-,prussi5ne17 !re 7 (fic]s :o refus$ absolutely to conc]n !mselves ) ! entra9+ ( _! m5 at ! ,e/ /ation 9 ,p>is1 decl>+ t ?is 0 a matt] to be look$ aft] by ! railway (ficials ) ! help ( subord9ate (fic]s1 if !y want$ x4 ,"u su* conditions z ^!1 (fic]s 9 *>ge ( troops got hopelessly sep>at$ f _! m51 :o !mselves might h be5 s5t (f ) no k ( _! prop] de/9ation4 ,"o ,g5]al telegraph$ to ,p>is on ,july #ba3--;,h arriv$ at ,bel=t4 ,n f\nd my ,brigade4 ,n f\nd ,g5]al ( ,division4 ,:at %\ld ,i d8 ,don't "k :]e my ,regim5ts are4 ,z = ! m51 x 0 n _m days be=e ! /ations en r\te to ! front 7 occupi$ by a float+ mass ( lo/ soldi]s1 :o pret5d$ to be look+ = _! corps b too (t5 f\nd x mu* pleasant] to rema9 9 ! /ation buffets1 & !re enjoy ! hospitality ( local patriots4 ,su* proportions did ?is evil assume t 9 ,augu/1 #ahgj1 ! railway /ation at ,reims _h to be protect$ aga9/ a mob ( f #d1jjj to #e1jjj lo/ ones1 :o want$ to plund] ! wagons conta9+ supplies = ! front4 ,confusion1 aga91 0 made /ill worse conf\nd$ by ! multiplicity ( ord]s--too (t5 contradictory or impossible to c>ry out--:i* bomb>d$ ! railway (ficials1 & mu/ h driv5 !m at times almo/ to di/raction4 ,ord]s came direct f anybody & ev]ybody possess$ ( ! slighte/ degree ( milit>y au?ority4 ,!y came f ! ,m9i/ry ( ,w>1 ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 & ! ,adm9i/rative ,/aff2 f ! ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t & ! ,commiss>iat2 f (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s ( ,infantry1 ,artill]y & ,eng9e]s2 :ile ea* individual inv>iably gave 8 ord]s bas$ on ! range ( 8 own p>ticul> sph]e1 or ! conv5i5ce ( 8 own p>ticul> troops1 )\t any reg>d = ! situation z a :ole1 = :at might be want$ 9 o!r sph]es1 or = :e!r or n x 0 physically possible = ! railway /affs to d at all :at 0 ask$ ( !m1 ev5 if !y 7 n be+ ov]:elm$ ) ^? o!r ord]s1 besides4 ,comm&+ (fic]s ( diff]5t corps especially di/+ui%$ !mselves by pres5t+ to ! railway managem5ts claims = priority 9 ! despat* ( ,infantry1 ,artill]y or supplies1 z ! case might be1 ?reat5+ !m ) grave consequ5ces if1 9 ea* in/ance1 !y did n yield su* priority at once1 ?\gh leav+ !m to meet an obvi\sly impracticable position z be/ !y c\ld4 ,!n x might happ5 t :5 all ! necess>y arrangem5ts--involv+ mu* int]f]5ce ) o!r traffic--_h be5 made1 ano!r ord] w\ld come c\nt]m&+ ! fir/ "o1 or po/pon+ ! execution ( x until a lat] occasion4 ,z ?\gh1 aga91 ! ord]s f all ^! indep5d5t milit>y au?orities 7 n suffici5t1 ! railways 7 fur!r worri$ by local au?orities :o want$ special tra9s = "s su* s]vice z ! conveyance ( deta*m5ts ( g>de mobile a di/ance ( t5 or twelve miles to an in/ruction camp s t ! m5 w\ld n h to m>* by road4 ,!re 7 ev5 dem&s f c]ta9 ( ! local au?orities t !y %\ld be all[$ to use railway wagons z b>racks = troops4 ,m4 ,jacqm91 g5]al manag] ( ! ,*em9 de ,f] de l',e/1 relates 9 8 book1 ,les ,*em9s de ,f] ,p5dant la ,gu]re de #ahgj-ga1 t at ! mom5t :5 ! ,compagnie de l',e/ 0 provid+ = ! transport ( ,b\rbacki's =ces1 & prep>+ = ! revictuall+ ( ,p>is1 ! prfet ( ! ,rhone dem&$ ! use ( railway wagons 9 :i* to h\se ! g>de nationale mobilis$ on ! pla9 ( ,vnissieux1 on ! left bank ( ! ,rhone1 !re hav+ be5 a delay 9 ! deliv]y ( ! mat]ial = b>racks4 ,! company refus$ ! reque/1 & !y _h ) ! dep>tm5tal au?orities a lively controv]sy :i* 0 only settl$ by ! decision ( ! ,bordeaux ,gov]nm5t t ^? au?orities 7 9 ! wrong4 ,typical ( ! g5]al conditions1 z !y prevail$ n only 9 ,p>is b else:]e 9 ,france1 7 ! circum/ances "u :i* ! ,n9ete5? ,army ,corps1 ( #cb1jjj m51 #c1jjj horses & #cjj guns1 0 s5t f ,*]b\rg to ,al5on4 ,! troops 7 late 9 arriv+ at ! /ation2 ! (fic]s neglect$ to look aft] ! m52 ! m5 refus$ to travel 9 goods trucks2 ord]s & c\nt]-ord]s succe$$ "o ano!r 9 rapid succession2 two or ?ree h\rs 7 requir$ = ! despat* ( ea* tra91 & delays occurr$ :i* mu/ h disorganis$ ! traffic all along ! l9e4 ,great z ! confusion und\bt$ly 0 at ! po9ts ( despat*1 x 0 f> surpass$ by t :i* prevail$ at /ations to :i* tra9s 7 s5t reg>dless ( any consid]ation z to :e!r or n !y c\ld be unload$ !re ) su* despat* z to avoid conge/ion4 ,no transf] /ations--con/itut+ ! po9ts beyond :i* only ! supplies want$ = imm$iate or e>ly use at ! extreme front %\ld be tak51 ! rema9d] be+ =w>d$ z want$--_h be5 arrang$1 & ! consignors1 milit>y or civil1 _h assum$ t all supplies %\ld be s5t 9 bulk to places z ne> to ! troops z possible4 ,!re 71 consequ5tly1 _m /ations close to ! fronti] :]e ! rails lead+ to !m 7 occupi$ = miles toge!r by load$ wagons1 ! numb] ( :i* 0 be+ con/antly add$ to by fre% arrivals4 ,_m ( ^! wagons 71 9 fact1 us$ z magaz9es or /oreh\ses on :eels4 ,! same 01 also1 be+ done to a c]ta9 ext5t on ! ,g]man l9es1 ?\gh ) ?is diff]5ce--t :]eas 9 ,g]many !re 7 at ! railway /ations r\te comm&ants ^: duty x 0 to en=ce ! prompt unload+ ( wagons1 9 ,france !re 0 no correspond+ au?ority4 ,x suit$ ! (fic]s or ! milit>y dep>tm5t conc]n$ to keep ! supplies 9 ! wagons until !y 7 want$2 & ?is arrangem5t may h appe>$ an especially desirable "o f _! po9t ( view because if ! army mov$ =w>d--or backw>d--! supplies c\ld be m readily mov$ ) x if !y 7 /ill 9 ! wagons4 ,= ^! v>i\s reasons1 !re 7 (fic]s :o gave ! mo/ /r+5t ord]s t ! wagons 7 n to be unload$ until _! cont5ts 7 actually requir$4 ,x 0 evid5tly a matt] ( no conc]n to !m t ! wagons !y 7 deta9+ might be want$ else:]e1 & t1 = lack ( !m1 o!r troops might be exp]i5c+ a %ortage 9 _! own supplies4 ,:5 ! wagons 7 n delib]ately kept load$1 x might /ill be impossible = ! unload+ to be done because ( !re be+ no milit>y 9 att5dance to d ! "w4 ,z = ! pick+ out1 f among ! l>ge numb] 9 wait+1 ( "s "o wagon ! cont5ts ( :i* 7 specially want$1 ! tr\ble involv$ 9 ?is op]ation mu/ (t5 h be5 f> great] ?an if ! wagon _h be5 unload$ & ! supplies /or$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,ev5 ! /ations !mselves got conge/$1 "u l conditions4 ,! ,commiss>iat want$ to conv]t !m into depts1 & ! ,artill]y s\ght to *ange !m into ars5als4 ,!re 7 /ations at :i* no plat=m 0 any long] available & troops arriv+ by any fur!r tra9 _h to desc5d "s di/ance away1 sev]al days elaps+ be=e _! tra9 c\ld be mov$ f ! place :]e x _h pull$ up4 ,at /ations n ?us block$ tra9s might be h\rs late 9 arriv+1 or !y might br+ a squadron ( cavalry :5 arrangem5ts _h be5 made = receiv+ a battalion ( infantry4 ,9 "o in/ance a ,g5]al refus$ to all[ 8 m5 to detra9 on arrival at _! de/9ation at night1 say+ !y w\ld be m com=table 9 ! c>riages ?an 9 ! sn[4 ,?is 01 inde$1 ! case2 b s long z ! tra9 rema9$ :]e x 0 /&+ no o!r traffic c\ld pass4 ,sometimes x 0 necess>y = troop tra9s to wait on ! l9es = h\rs because no camp _h be5 assign$ to ! m51 & !re 0 at lea/ "o occasion :5 a ,colonel _h to ask ! /ationma/] :]e x 0 8 troops 7 to g4 ,mo/ ( ! traffic _h be5 direct$ to ,metz & ,/rasburg1 & ! /ate ( *aos spe$ily develop$ at ! =m] /ation has become hi/oric4 ,! /ation at ,metz 0 a l>ge "o2 x _h eight good depts & f\r miles ( sid+s1 & x 0 equal to ! unload+ ( #icj wagons 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs "u well-organis$ conditions4 ,b :5 ! fir/ infantry tra9s arriv$ ! m5 7 kept at ! /ation f\r or five h\rs ow+ to ! abs5ce ( ord]s z to _! fur!r de/9ation4 ,! m5 detra9$1 & ! wagons conta9+ road vehicles1 (fic]s' luggage1 etc41 7 left unload$ & s5t into ! sid+s4 ,o!r tra9s foll[$ 9 rapid succession1 br++ troops & supplies1 & ! block began to assume s]i\s proportions4 ,! railway (ficials appeal$ to ! local ,commiss>iat =ce to unload ! wagons s t !y c\ld be got out ( ! way4 ,!y 7 told t ?is c\ld n be done because no ord]s _h be5 receiv$4 ,! ,commiss>iat =ce = ! division also decl9$ to unload ! wagons1 say+ x 0 unc]ta9 :e!r ! troops = :om ! supplies 7 int5d$ w\ld rema9 at ,metz or g fur!r on4 ,any unload+ at all = sev]al days 0 next r5d]$ impossible by ! high] milit>y au?orities4 ,!y ask$ ! railway (fic]s to prep>e = ! transport ( an army corps ( #cj1jjj m54 ,?is 0 done1 & =ty tra9s 7 locat$ at v>i\s po9ts along ! l9e4 ,an ord] 0 !n giv5 t ! tra9s %\ld be br\ght to ,metz1 to all[ ( ! troops leav+ at once4 ,)9 f\r h\rs e tra9 0 ready1 & its locomotive 0 /&+ ) ! /eam up2 b no troops appe>$4 ,! ord] 0 c\nt]m&$4 ,!n x 0 repeat$1 & !n x 0 c\nt]m&$ ov] aga94 ,all ?is "t fre% tra9-loads ( supplies & ammunition _h be5 arriv+ at ,metz1 add+ to ! collection ( unload$ wagons :i*1 hav+ fill$ up all ! sid+s began to ov]fl[ & block up1 fir/ ! l9es lead+ to ! locomotive %$s & next ! ma9 l9es !mselves4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 inextricable confusion4 ,nobody knew :]e any p>ticul> commodity 0 to be f\nd or1 if !y did1 h[ to get ! truck conta9+ x f ! consolidat$ mass ( "s ?\s&s ( vehicles4 ,9 ,metz1 telegraph$ ! ,commiss>y-,g5]al to ,p>is1 !re is nei!r c(fee1 nor sug>2 no rice1 no br&y1 no salt1 only a little bacon & biscuit4 ,s5d me at lea/ a million rations to ,?ionville4 ,yet x 0 q possible t ! articles specifi$ 7 already 9 "s or o!r ( ! trucks on h&1 _h ! ,commiss>y-,g5]al only kn[n :]e !y 7 & h[ to get !m4 ,! railway p did :at !y c\ld4 ,!y unload$ "s ( ! consignm5ts & remov$ !m a consid]able di/ance by road--only to h !m s5t back aga9 to ,metz /ation = re-load+ & conveyance else:]e4 ,hay unload$ at ! /ation 0 s5t into ,metz to "s magaz9es :i*1 9 turn1 & at ! same "t1 7 s5d+ hay to ! railway = ano!r de/9ation4 ,f9ally1 z a la/ res\rce1 & 9 ord] bo? to r$uce ! block & to get fur!r use out ( ! wagons1 ! railway (ficials began to unload !m & put _! cont5ts on ! gr\nd alongside4 ,a big capture alike ( wagons & ( supplies 0 made by ! enemy on 8 occupation ( ,metz4 ,analog\s conditions prevail$ 9 _m o!r places4 ,at ,dle 7,dep4 ,jura7 an accumulat$ /ock ( load$ wagons n only fill$ up all ! sid+s b block$ up a l>ge portion ( ! ma9 l9e4 ,:5 ! evacuation 0 decid$ on a great wa/e ( "t occurr$ 9 select+ ! wagons to be mov$4 ,ord]s giv5 "o h\r 7 c\nt]m&$ ! next2 tra9s :i* _h be5 made up 7 mov$ =w>d & backw>d1 in/ead ( be+ got out ( ! way at once2 &1 ev5tually1 a consid]able quantity ( roll+ /ock1 :i* might & %\ld h be5 remov$1 _h to be left beh9d4 ,on ! ,p>is-,lyon railway a collection ( #g1ejj load$ trucks _h accumulat$ at a "t :5 a great truck %ortage began to be felt1 & ! :ole ( ^!1 toge!r ) ! provisions & ! mat]ials !y conta9$1 fell into ! h&s ( ! ,g]mans1 ^: total haul ( wagons1 includ+ ^? captur$ at ,metz & o!r places1 numb]$ no few] ?an #af1jjj4 ,! wagons ?us tak5 7 fir/ us$ by !m = _! own milit>y transport dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! w>2 7 !n utilis$ = ord9>y traffic on l9es 9 ,g]many1 & 7 ev5tually return$ to ,france4 ,n only1 !re=e1 _h ! ,fr5* fail$ to get f ^! #af1jjj railway wagons ! b5efit !y %\ld h d]iv$ f _! use b1 9 block+ _! l9es ) !m "u su* conditions t x 0 impossible to save !m f capture1 !y conf]r$ a mat]ial advantage on ! enemy1 provid+ him ) supplies1 & increas+ 8 own means bo? ( transport & ( attack on !mselves4 ,! proportions ( ! ,g]man haul ( wagons w\ld1 probably1 h be5 l>g] /ill _h n "s ( ! ,fr5* railway companies1 on see+ ! advance ! enemy 0 mak+1 assum$ ! responsibility ( /opp+ traffic on c]ta9 ( _! l9es & s5d+ (f _! roll+ /ock to a place ( safety4 ,9 tak+ ?is action !y adopt$ a c\rse bas$ alike on prec$5t & prud5ce1 & "o fully w>rant$ by ! pr9ciple ( keep+ railway roll+ /ock design$ = purposes ( def5ce f be+ utilis$ by ! enemy = 8 own purposes ( attack4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,organisation ,,9 ,,france ,:ile1 on ! conclusion ( ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 ,g]many began1 z we h se5 9 ,*apt] ,x41 to improve h] own sy/em ( milit>y rail-transport1 ) a view to rem$y+ ! faults develop$ !re91 ,france appli$ h]self ) equal1 if n ) ev5 great]1 det]m9ation & p]sev]ance to ! task ( creat+ = h]self a sy/em :i*1 9 h] case1 _h be5 entirely lack+4 ,recognis+ alike h] own %ortcom+s1 ! imp]ative ne$ to prep>e = future cont+5cies1 & ! /ill m important "p t railways w\ld inevitably play 9 ! next great w> 9 :i* %e might be engag$1 ,france resolv$ to create1 9 "t ( peace1 & z an indisp5sable factor 9 h] s*eme ( national def5ce1 a sy/em ( milit>y transport compreh5sive 9 its scope1 complete 9 its work+ details1 & leav+ no?+ to *ance4 ,ev]y?+ 0 to be =ese51 provid$ =1 &1 z f> z circum/ances w\ld p]mit1 te/$ 9 advance4 ,! ,prussian organisation ( #ahgj-ga 01 admitt$ly1 & z recomm5d$ by ,jacqm91 tak5 z a />t+ po9t = :at 0 to be done4 ,f t "t1 also1 e new regulation adopt$ by ,prussia 9 reg>d to milit>y transport1 & e important alt]ation made 9 ! ,prussian sy/em1 0 promptly record$ & comm5d$ or criticis$ 9 ! ably-conduct$ ,fr5* milit>y pap]s2 ?\gh 9 ! actual creation ( h] own sy/em !re 0 no m]e foll[+ by ,france ( ,prussian examples4 ,:at 0 consid]$ wor? adopt+ c]ta9ly 0 adopt$2 b ! organisation ev5tually built up1 z ! result ( _m ye>s ( p]t9aci\s ef=ts1 01 9 reality1 bas$ on ,fr5* conditions1 ,fr5* requirem5ts1 & ! mo/ progressive ideas ( ,fr5* milit>y sci5ce4 ,! ,fr5* 71 also1 to %[ t1 :5 !y appli$ !mselves to ! task1 !y _h a g5ius = organisation 9 no way inf]ior to t ( ! ,g]mans !mselves4 ,9 8 review ( ! ev5ts ( #ahgj-ga1 ,jacqm9 decl>$ t1 :ile ! education ( ,france 9 ! use ( railways 9 "t ( w> _h /ill to be complet$1 ! basis = su* education _h already be5 laid d[n by ,m>%al ,niel's ,commission ,c5trale ( #ahfi4 ,! two ess5tial conditions 7 7#a7 unification ( control 9 ! use ( railways = milit>y purposes1 :e!r = ! transport ( m5 or ( supplies2 & 7#b7 association ( ! milit>y elem5t & ! te*nical elem5t1--an association :i* %\ld be p]man5t 9 its nature & apply to e phase ( ! railway s]vice1 s t be=e any ord] 0 giv5 !re %\ld be a gu>antee t x 0 "o possible ( a*ievem5t1 & ?is1 also1 )\t prejudice to o!r transport ord]s already giv5 or likely to become necess>y4 ,x 0 ^! ess5tial conditions t =m$ ! basis ( ! organisation :i* ,france creat$4 ,z e>ly z ,novemb]1 #ahgb1 !re 0 call$ into exi/5ce a ,commission ,militaire ,sup]ieure des ,*em9s de ,f] consi/+ ( twelve memb]s1 :o repres5t$ ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,works1 ! ,army1 ! ,navy1 & ! great railway companies4 ,atta*$ to ! ,m9i/ry ( ,w>1 & *>g$ ) ! task ( /udy+ all que/ions relat+ to ! use ( railways by ! ,army1 ! ,commission _h = its fir/ duty a revision ( ! proposals made by ,m>%al ,niel's ,commission ( #ahfi4 ,foll[+ on ?is came a succession ( laws1 decrees & in/ructions deal+ ) v>i\s aspects ( ! situation 9 reg>d to milit>y transport & ! milit>y organization ( ! railways1 ! numb] issu$ betwe5 #ahgb & #ahhc be+ no few] ?an sev5te54 ,^!1 h[ev]1 repres5t$ m or less t5tative or sectional ef=ts made 9 comb9ation ) ! railway companies1 :o gave to ! ,*amb]s & to ! adm9i/rative au?orities _! mo/ e>ne/ support & ! full b5efit ( all _! te*nical k & exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to ! _m problems :i* _h to be solv$4 ,9 #ahhd !re 7 issu$ two decrees 7,july #g & ,octob] #bi7 :i* codifi$1 modifi$ or fur!r develop$ ! v>i\s legislative or adm9i/rative measures already tak51 & laid d[n bo? ! fundam5tal pr9ciples & ! lead+ details ( a compreh5sive s*eme :i*1 aft] additional modifications or am5dm5ts1 bas$ on lat] exp]i5ces1 0 to develop into ! sy/em ( organis$ milit>y rail-transport z x exi/s 9 ,france to-day4 ,^! lat] modifications 7 m especially effect$ by ?ree decrees :i*1 bas$ on ! law ( ,decemb] #bh1 #ahhh1 dealt ) 7#a7 ! composition & p[]s ( ! ,commission ,militaire ,sup]ieure des ,*em9s de ,f]2 7#b7 ! creation ( ,field ,railway ,sections & ,railway ,troops2 & 7#c7 ! organisation ( ! milit>y s]vice ( railways4 ,s9ce its orig9al =mation 9 #ahgb1 ! ,sup]ior ,milit>y ,commission _h already und]gone recon/ruction 9 #ahhf1 & /ill fur!r *anges1 9 addition to ^? made by ! decree ( ,febru>y #e1 #ahhi1 7 to foll[4 ,9 its f9al =m ! ,commission /ill reta9s ! pr9ciple ( repres5tation !reon alike ( ! milit>y & ! te*nical 7railway7 elem5t4 ,presid$ ov] by ! ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff--:o1 ) ! help ( a special dep>tm5t ( t ,/aff1 ex]cises ! supreme direction ( ! milit>y transport s]vices1 subject to ! au?ority ( ! ,w> ,m9i/]--! ,commission is compos$ ( six ,g5]als or o!r milit>y (fic]s ( high rank1 ?ree repres5tatives ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,works1 & ! memb]s ( ! ,l9e ,commission appo9t$ = ea* ( ! great railway sy/ems &1 also1 = ! ,*em9 de ,f] d'tat4 ,all ! memb]s ( ! ,commission are nom9at$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>4 ,! function !y dis*>ge is a purely consultative "o4 ,_! bus9ess x is to give to ! ,m9i/] _! views on all su* que/ions z he may submit to !m = consid]ation 9 reg>d to ! use ( ! railways by ! ,army1 & m especially 9 reg>d to-- #a4 ,prep>ations = milit>y transports4 #b4 ,exam9ation ( all projects = new l9es or junctions & alt]ations ( exi/+ l9es1 z well z all projects :i* conc]n railway facilities 7/ations1 plat=ms1 wat] supply1 locomotive %$s1 etc47 #c4 ,! fix+ ( ! conditions to be fulfill$ by railway roll+ /ock 9 view ( milit>y requirem5ts1 & ! alt]ations :i* may be necess>y to adapt x !reto4 #d4 ,special in/ructions to be giv5 to troops ( all arms z to _! travell+ by rail4 #e4 ,agreem5ts to be made betwe5 railway companies & ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t 9 respect to transport ( troops1 provisions1 etc4 #f4 ,organisation1 in/ruction & employm5t ( special corps ( railwaym5 7= repairs1 etc474 #g4 ,measures to be tak5 = ensur+ ! sup]vision & protection ( railways & _! approa*es4 #h4 ,! means ( de/roy+ & ( rapidly repair+ l9es ( railway4 ,heads ( ! diff]5t s]vices at ! ,m9i/ry ( ,w> c att5d meet+s ( ! ,commission1 9 a consultative capacity1 9 respect to matt]s com+ )9 _! jurisdiction1 & ! ,commission c1 9 turn1 apply to ! ,m9i/] = ! att5dance ( any p]son x may desire to he>4 ,z f> z possible1 all plans & arrangem5ts conc]n+ ! transport ( troops & supplies 9 "t ( w>1 f ! mom5t ( mobilisation onw>d1 are ?us prep>$1 exam9$ or provid$ = 9 advance4 ,9 article #h ( ! ,regulation ( ,decemb] #h1 #aiac1 on ,milit>y ,transports by ,railway 7,rglem5t sur les transports /ratgiques p> *em9 de f]7 x is1 9 fact1 /at$ t-- ,all ! arrangem5ts relat+ to ! organisation & c>ry+ out ( transport = mobilisation1 conc5tration1 revictuall+ & evacuation are /udi$ & prep>$ 9 "t ( peace4 ,! ,m9i/] gives1 to ?is effect1 all ! necess>y in/ructions to ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 to ! comm&]s ( ,army ,corps1 & to ! diff]5t s]vices4 ,a l c\rse is adopt$1 9 "t ( peace1 ) reg>d to ! /udy ( ! conditions "u :i* ! railways w be op]at$ on ! l9es ( communication4 ,! creation1 "u ! law ( ,m>* #ac1 #ahge1 ( ,field ,railway ,sections & ,railway ,troops 0 ! outcome ( ! obvi\s ne$ ( hav+ an organis$ =ce able to take up ! duties ( con/ruct+1 repair+1 de/roy+ or op]at+ railways at ! !atre ( w>1 su* =ce be+ e/abli%$ 9 "t ( peace & assur$ all ! exp]i5ce ne$$ to qualify !m = ! dis*>ge ( ^? v>i\s duties4 ,france1 9 fact1 0 n[1 9 ?is respect1 to foll[ ! example ( ,g]many1 j z ,g]many _h already be5 inspir$ by ! example ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"u a decree ( ,febru>y #e1 #ahhi1 ,field ,railway ,sections 7,sections de *em9s de f] de campagne7 7 def9$ z p]man5t milit>y corps *>g$1 9 "t ( w>1 & concurr5tly ) ! ,railway ,troops1 ) ! con/ruction1 r5ovation & op]ation ( ^? railways ( :i* ! work+ c\ld n be assur$ by ! national companies4 ,_! p]sonnel 0 to be recruit$ f among ! eng9e]s1 (ficials & m5 employ$ by ! railway companies & by ! ,/ate ,railways ,adm9i/ration1 su* recruit+ be+ c>ri$ out ei!r volunt>ily or by reason ( liability to r5d] milit>y s]vice2 & !y 7 to =m a di/9ct corps1 hav+ its own gov]n+ body )1 z its head1 a comm&ant ex]cis+ ! functions ( a ,*ef de ,corps4 ,9 "t ( peace !re 7 to be n9e sections1 ea* designat$ by a di/9ctive numb] accord+ to ! p>ticul> railway sy/em or sy/ems f :i* x 0 =m$2 ?\gh au?ority 0 giv5 to ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> to call fur!r sections into be+ 9 case ( w>4 ,! numb] 9 peace 0 increas$1 9 #aijf1 by ! =mation ( a t5? section f among ! /affs ( railways 9 ! second>y gr\p1 includ+ local l9es & tramways1 9 ord] to assure1 or to assi/ 91 ! op]ation ( ^! railways or tramways = milit>y transport 9 "t ( w>4 ,9 "t ( peace ! sections 7 to be subject to inspections1 mu/]s1 reviews & assemblies1 z ord]$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>4 ,a fur!r provision 9 ! decree ( #ahhi says3--,all ! arrangem5ts relative to ! mobilisation ( ea* section %all be /udi$ & plann$ 9 "t ( peace4 ,ea* section %\ld always be ready1 9 ! mo/ complete mann]1 to r5d] its s]vices to ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>4 ,subsequ5t decrees or in/ructions con/itut$ ea* ( ! sections a complete unit on ! foll[+ basis3 7#a7 ,a c5tral body2 7#b7 ?ree di/9ct divisions1 namely1 7a7 movem5t1 7b7 voie1 & 7c7 traction2 7#c7 a c5tral dept common to ! ?ree divisions & ! c5tral body2 & 7#d7 complem5t>y t]ritorial subdivisions 9 ! same ?ree classes1 & atta*$ to ! c5tral dept ( ! section4 ,! t]ritorial subdivisions are design$ to provide a res]ve =ce ( m5 :o c complete or /r5g!n ! exi/+ sections1 or1 alt]natively1 be con/itut$ into additional sections1 if s desir$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>4 ,! total /r5g? ( ea* section 7includ+ #ada allott$ to ! c5tral dept7 0 fix$ z #a1dff4 ,! adm9i/ration ( a section re/s ) an ,adm9i/rative ,c\ncil =m$ by ! presid5t & ! heads ( ! sev]al dep>tm5ts1 & meet+ at lea/ once 9 e ?ree mon?s 9 "t ( peace1 & once a week 9 "t ( w>4 ,au?ority is ex]cis$ ov] ! sections by ! ,field ,railway ,commissions to :i* !y are atta*$4#bf ,m5 9 ! active divisions ( ! sections :o are liable to milit>y s]vice are excus$ f tak+ "p 9 ! ord9>y milit>y ex]cises1 b may be assembl$ = inspections1 etc41 or to und]go c\rses ( in/ruction 9 railway "w4 ,m5 9 ! t]ritorial subdivisions c be summon$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> = a p]iod ( ex]cises 9 railway "w 9 "t ( peace2 & ! fact may be recall$ t advantage ( ?is p[] 0 tak5 dur+ ! ,fr5* railway tr\bles ( #aiaj1 :5 ! /rik]s 7 requir$ to assume ! rle ( soldi]s do+ railway "w "u milit>y au?ority & control4 ,! ,railway ,troops 7,tr\pes de *em9 de f]7 n[ con/itute a ,railway ,regim5t 7#e;e rgim5t du gnie7 organis$ "u ! decree ( ,july #aa1 #ahii1 & compris+ on a peace foot+1 ?ree ,battalions1 ea* ( f\r ,companies4 ,recruits = ! ,railway ,regim5t come f "o or o!r ( ! foll[+ classes3 7#a7 ,"y soldi]s :o 7 9 ! railway s]vice be=e !y jo9$ ! ,army2 7#b7 an annual cont+5t ( railway employs select$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> f li/s suppli$ = ?is purpose by ! adm9i/rations ( ! five great railway companies & ( ! ,/ate railways1 ! numb] s select$ n to exce$ #bdj1 di/ribut$ z foll[s3 ,compagnie du ,nord1 #db2 ,e/1 #ah2 ,p4 ,l4 ,m41 #ed2 ,orlans1 #db2 ,midi1 #ae2 tat1 #fi2 & 7#c7 soldi]s belong+ to ,infantry ,regim5ts :o1 aft] "o ye> ( tra9+ !re91 are s5t to ! ,railway ,regim5t1 ^? *os5 = ?is purpose be+1 by pref]5ce1 m5 ^: previ\s occupation 9 life has adapt$ !m = railway "w4 ,! railway adm9i/rations are also requir$ to provide f among _! (ficials a c]ta9 numb] ( (fic]s & non-commission$ (fic]s to =m a res]ve = ! ,regim5t4 ,a mo/ complete & sy/ematic c\rse ( in/ruction is arrang$4#bg ,x is divid$ into 7#a7 milit>y in/ruction & 7#b7 te*nical in/ruction1 ! purpose ( ! latt] be+ def9$ z t ( qualify+ ! ,railway ,troops to und]take at ! !atre ( w>1 subject to ! au?ority ( ! ,director-,g5]al ( ,railways & ,communications1 works ( repair or de/ruction ( railway l9es1 or1 9 case ( ne$1 ! provisional work+ ( ! railways4 ,9 "t ( peace x is ! duty ( ! ,sup]ior ,milit>y ,commission = ,railways to advise on all que/ions conc]n+ ! organisation1 in/ruction & employm5t ( ! special troops = railway "w4 ,to enable x to dis*>ge ?is function ! ,commission receives1 ?r\gh ! ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 all programmes1 proposals or reports t may be issu$ 9 reg>d to ! te*nical in/ruction ( ! troops1 giv+ its views !reon1 & mak+ su* recomm5dations z x may consid] desirable4 ,su* te*nical in/ruction comprises 7a7 t :i* is giv5 to ! :ole ( ! troops2 7b7 in/ruction 9 p>ticul> bran*es ( railway "w giv5 to a limit$ numb] ( individuals2 7c7 in/ruction to gr\ps ( m5 op]at+ 9 companies or o!rwise1 & 7d7 in/ruction obta9$ on ! ord9>y railways4 ,x is fur!r divid$ into 7i7 !oretical & 7ii7 practical4 ,among ! measures adopt$ = ensur+ ! success ( ! g5]al s*eme1 m5tion might be made ( ! issu+ ( special s]ies ( textbooks2 ! regul> work+ by ! ,regim5t ( ab\t =ty miles ( railway--includ+ an important junction--betwe5 ,*>tres & ,orlans1 on ! ,/ate ,railway sy/em2 & arrangem5ts made ) ! railway adm9i/rations "u :i* 7#a7 a c]ta9 numb] ( ,companies belong+ to ! ,regim5t are atta*$ to ! ord9>y railway sy/ems e ye>1 = p]iods ( two or ?ree mon?s2 & 7#b7 p[] is giv5 to ! railway adm9i/rations to engage ! s]vices ( ! ,railway ,troops 9 c>ry+ out repairs or con/ruction works on _! l9es1 a mutual advantage ?us be+ obta9$4 ,f9ally !re is a ,railway ,s*ool 7cole de *em9s de f]7 :i* has *>ge ( all ! mat]ials1 tools1 etc41 us$ 9 ! te*nical in/ruction ( ! troops2 draws up1 "u ! ord]s ( ! ,colonel1 programmes ( practical "w & in/ruction2 & provides 7#a7 a libr>y :i* is suppli$ ) books & p]iodicals deal+ ) milit>y1 railway1 sci5tific & hi/orical subjects1 toge!r ) maps1 plans1 decrees1 regulations1 etc41 relat+ to ! milit>y op]ation ( railways2 7#b7 a collection ( tools1 in/rum5ts & models2 7#c7 photographic & li?ographic dep>tm5ts2 7#d7 /ores ( railway con/ruction mat]ial = in/ruction purposes2 7#e7 o!r /ores ( l mat]ial = use 9 case ( w>2 7#f7 work%ops = practical in/ruction 9 railway repairs1 etc42 & 7#g7 practice gr\nds res]v$ exclusively = ! ,railway ,troops4 ,! fact ( ^! two bodies ( ,field ,railway ,sections & ,railway ,troops be+ organis$ on s practical & compreh5sive a basis secur$ to ,france ! control ( =ces c]ta9 to be ( ! greate/ s]vice to h] 9 ! next w> 9 :i* %e might be engag$4 ,x w\ld1 also1 ev5 suffice by itself to prove ! e>ne/ness1 ! vig\r & ! ?or\ghness ) :i*1 aft] #ahgj-ga1 ,france ent]$ ^u ! improvem5t ( h] sy/em ( milit>y rail-transport = national def5ce4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 mu* m to be done1 besides1 be=e t sy/em c\ld be consid]$ complete2 & "h1 aga91 a va/ am\nt ( /udy1 =esight & en]gy 0 %[n4 ,foll[+1 inde$1 ! laws1 decrees1 regulations1 ord]s1 & in/ructions issu$ d[n to #ahhi came s _m o!rs--deal+1 9 "s in/ances1 ) ev5 ! m9ute/ detail conc]n+ "s p>ticul> phase ( ! organisation 9 c\rse ( be+ p]fect$--t a collect$ s]ies ( ^? /ill 9 =ce 9 #aijb =m$ a volume ( ov] #gjj pages4#bh ,s9ce ! issue ( ?is some:at =midable collection1 /ill fur!r *anges h be5 introduc$1 ! g5]al conditions be+ f9ally modifi$ by decrees pass$ on ,decemb] #h1 #aiac4 ,)\t attempt+ to indicate all ! successive /ages 9 ?is prolong$ s]ies ( legislative & adm9i/rative ef=ts1 x may suffice to (f] a g5]al sket* ( ! ,fr5* organisation ( milit>y rail-transport on ! basis ( ! laws1 regulations & practices 9 op]ation on ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aiad4 ,connect$ ) ea* ( ! great railway sy/ems !re is a p]man5t ,l9e ,commission 7,commission de rseau7 :i* consi/s ( 7#a7 a te*nical memb] :o1 9 practice1 is ! g5]al manag] ( ! l9e2 & 7#b7 a milit>y memb]1 :o is a memb] ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff ( ! ,army4 ,! =m] is *os5 by ! railway adm9i/ration1 subject to ! approval ( ! ,w> ,m9i/]1 & ! latt] by ! ,w> ,m9i/] himself4 ,ea* ,l9e ,commission controls ! s]vices ( a comb9$ te*nical & milit>y /aff1 & ea* ,commission] has a deputy :o c take 8 place & ex]cise 8 p[]s 9 case ( ne$4 ,:ile ! ,milit>y ,commission] is specially responsible = measures adopt$ f a milit>y po9t ( view1 ! ,railway ,commission] is specially responsible = putt+ at ! comm& ( ! ,army1 z f> z may be necess>y or practicable1 all ! res\rces ( ! p>ticul> railway sy/em he repres5ts4 ,! au?ority ( a ,l9e ,commission on any "o ( ! great railway sy/ems ext5ds to ! small]1 or second>y1 l9es situate )9 ! same t]ritory2 b ! small] companies may !mselves claim to be repres5t$ on ! ,commission by a duly cr$it$ ag5t4 ,among ! duties to be dis*>g$ by a ,l9e ,commission 9 "t ( peace are ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,inve/igation ( all matt]s to :i* milit>y transport on ! l9e or ! sy/em c give rise4 #b4 ,/udy ( all ! available res\rces ( ! sy/em1 9 mat]ial & m51 f ! po9t ( view ( milit>y requirem5ts4 #c4 ,prep>ation ( plans1 e/imates1 & o!r data 9 connection ) ! movem5t ( troops1 etc4 #d4 ,v]ification ( reports conc]n+ ext5t ( l9es1 roll+ /ock1 & /ation or traffic facilities4 #e4 ,special in/ruction ( ! railway /aff4 #f4 ,inspection ( l9es1 bridges1 etc4 #g4 ,! c>ry+ out ( exp]im5ts ( all k9ds ) a view to ameliorat+ or accel]at+ ! facilities (f]$ by ! sy/em 9 respect to milit>y transports4 ,%\ld sev]al ,l9e ,commissions be int]e/$ 9 "s p>ticul> "q conc]n+ milit>y movem5ts by rail1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff c summon !m to a jo9t conf]5ce z (t5 z may be necess>y4 ,! fact1 also1 t ! memb]s ( ! ,l9e ,commissions are memb]s ( ! ,sup]ior ,commission assures co-ord9ation 9 ! /udies c>ri$ on z reg>ds ! railways 9 g5]al1 & provides a ready means by :i* ! c5tral body c obta9 ! in=mation x desires conc]n+ any "o sy/em or gr\p ( sy/ems4 ,z _! di/rict executives1 ! ,l9e ,commissions h su* numb] ( ,sub-,l9e ,commissions z may be f\nd necess>y4 ,ea* ( ^! is1 9 turn1 compos$ ( a milit>y memb]1 nom9at$ by ! ,m9i/]1 & a te*nical memb]1 *os5 by ! ,l9e ,commission4 ,!n1 also1 to dis*>ge ! function ( local executive1 !re is at e important c5tre ( traffic a ,/ation ,commission 7,commission de g>e7 :i* consi/s ( a milit>y (fic] & ! /ationma/]4 ,x receives f ! ,l9e or ,sub-,l9e ,commission all ord]s or in/ructions conc]n+ milit>y transport to1 f1 or pass+ ?r\gh1 su* /ation1 & is ! recognis$ int]m$i>y = c>ry+ !m into effect & see+ t effici5cy is ensur$ & good ord] ma9ta9$4 ,a /aff1 =m$ ( milit>y m5 & railwaym5 act+ 9 comb9ation1 is allott$ to ea* ,l9e1 ,sub-,l9e or ,/ation ,commission4 ,conc]n+ ! repres5tation ( ^! two elem5ts1 milit>y & civil1 on ! "o body1 article #aj ( ! decree ( ,decemb] #h1 #aiac1 on ,milit>y ,transports says3-- ,! special function ( ea* ( ! ag5ts1 milit>y or te*nical1 on ! ,commissions or ,sub-,commissions mu/1 9 ! op]ation ( ! s]vice1 be ma9ta9$ 9 ! mo/ absolute mann]4 ,at ! same "t ^! ag5ts %\ld n lose f _! view ! fact t _! association is design$ to effect h>mony betwe5 ! exig5cies alike ( milit>y requirem5ts & ( rail transport1 subord9at+ ^? ( ! "o to ^? ( ! o!r1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,f ! "t t mobilisation beg9s--or ev5 e>li]1 on ! ord] ( ! ,w> ,m9i/]--! memb]s ( ! ,sup]ior ,commission take up _! po/s en p]man5ce at ! ,w> ,(fice1 & ^? ( ! ,l9e1 ,sub-,l9e & ,/ation ,commissions locate !mselves at ! /ations :i* w h be5 allott$ to !m 9 "t ( peace4 ,!nce=w>d ea* ,/ation ,commission is 9 con/ant communication by telegraph ) ! ,l9e or ,sub-,l9e ,commission "u :i* x acts1 supplem5t+ su* communication by daily writt5 reports4 ,among ! duties to be dis*>g$ by ! ,/ation ,commissions are ^? ( sup]9t5d+ ! entra9m5t or detra9m5t ( troops & ! load+ or unload+ ( mat]ial2 see+ t ! tra9s requir$ = transport purposes are provid$2 prev5t+ conge/ion ( ! l9es or ( ! /ation approa*es2 & ensur+ ! security ( ! /ation & ( ! l9es )9 a c]ta9 radius !re(4 ,on ! outbreak ( w> ! railway companies mu/ place at ! s]vice ( ! ,/ate ei!r ! :ole or su* ( _! l9es1 roll+ /ock1 & o!r means ( transport z may be ne$$ = ! conveyance ( troops1 /ores1 etc41 to any po9ts s]v$ by !m4 ,!nce=w>d ! l9es s requir$ = /rategic transports--includ+ !re9 mobilisation1 conc5tration1 re9=cem5ts1 supplies & evacuations f ! !atre ( w>--c be us$ = ord9>y pass5g]s & goods only to su* ext5t z ! ,m9i/] may approve4 ,foll[+ on ! ord] = mobilisation ! ,m9i/]1 aft] consultation ) ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 divides ! railways ( ! c\ntry into two zones--! ,zone ( ! ,int]ior1 & ! ,zone ( ! ,armies4 ,( ^! ! =m] passes "u ! supreme control ( ! ,w> ,m9i/]1 & ! latt] "u t ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief4 ,! location ( ! ,/ations ( ,transition1 divid+ ! "o zone f ! o!r1 c be v>i$ f "t to "t by ! ,m9i/]1 9 consultation ) ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 accord+ to ! developm5ts ( ! milit>y situation4 ,! ,zone ( ! ,int]ior is t "p ( ! railway sy/em :i*1 ?\gh n situat$ at ! !atre ( w>1 is subject to milit>y control by reason ( ! s]vices requir$ ( x 9 ! =w>d+ ( troops1 supplies1 guns1 ammunition & o!r necess>ies4 ,op]ation by ! ord9>y /affs ( ! railway sy/ems is cont9u$1 b ! transports ord]$ by ! ,w> ,m9i/] are regulat$ by ! ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff4 ,! execution ( ! ord]s giv5 is entru/$ f ! day ( mobilisation to ! ,l9e ,commissions1 ea* ( :i*1 act+ "u ! au?ority ( ! ,w> ,m9i/]1 takes *>ge ov] ! :ole ( ! s]vices on ! l9es compris$ 9 its p>ticul> t]ritory4 ,! ,zone ( ! ,armies is1 9 turn1 divid$ into two sections 7#a7 ! ,zone de l'avant1 9 :i* milit>y op]ation ( ! railways is necess>y on acc\nt ( _! ne>ness to ! fight+-l9e2 & 7#b7 ! ,zone de l',arrire1 9 :i* ! railways c /ill be op]at$ by ! ord9>y railway /affs1 "u ! direction ( ,l9e & ,/ation ,commissions1 z 9 ! adjo9+ ,zone ( ! ,int]ior4 ,ord]s giv5 by ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief 9 respect to transport 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies are c>ri$ out "u ! supreme control ( an (fic] n[ kn[n z ! ,directeur de l',arrire4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is important function>y af=ds an excell5t example ( ! way 9 :i* ! :ole s*eme ( op]ations has be5 evolv$4 ,! ,rglem5t gnral ( ,july #a1 #ahgd1--"o ( ! e>lie/ attempts to meet ! difficulties :i* _h aris5 9 #ahgj-ga 9 respect to milit>y rail-transport--0 f\nd to be defective inasmu* z x did n apply1 also1 to ^? road & re> s]vices 7,s]vices de l',arrire7 :i* are necess>ily associat$ ) ! rail s]vices & !mselves con/itute s important a phase ( milit>y transport z a :ole4 ,9 #ahgh an attempt 0 made to meet ?is defect by ! inauguration ( a sy/em ( ,s]vices des tapes2 b "h1 aga91 ! exi/5ce ( sep>ate organisations = rail s]vice & road s]vice1 )\t any connect+ & controll+ l9k1 0 f\nd to be unsatisfactory4 ,9 #ahhc a ,commission1 presid$ ov] by ,g5]al ,fay1 0 appo9t$ to consid] :at w\ld be ! be/ c\rse to adopt1 &1 9 ! result1 !re 0 issu$1 on ,july #g1 #ahhd1 a ,decree creat+ a ,directeur ,gnral des ,*em9s de ,f] et des tapes1 ^: duties 7 m cle>ly def9$ "u a ,decree ( ,febru>y #ba1 #aijj4 ,9 #aijh ! title ( ?is (fic] 0 *ang$ to t ( ,directeur de l',arrire1 &1 aft] fur!r revisions1 ! scope ( 8 au?ority & responsibility 0 ev5tually fix$ by ! ,regulation ( ,decemb] #h1 #aiac4 ,tak+ up 8 position at ! head-qu>t]s ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 & keep+ 9 close t\*1 also1 ) ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> ?r\gh ! ,*ief ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 ! ,directeur de l',arrire has = 8 special function t ( secur+ complete co-ord9ation alike betwe5 rail s]vices & road s]vices & betwe5 ! s]vices 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,int]ior & ^? 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies4 ,bo? f ! ,m9i/] & f ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief he receives in=mation z to op]ations project$ or 9 progress1 & z to ! ne$s ( ! armies 9 p]sonnel & matriel4 ,8 bus9ess x is to see t ^! ne$s1 accord+ to _! ord] ( urg5cy--z fur!r communicat$ to him--are suppli$ "u conditions :i* %all provide = all cont+5cies & gu>d aga9/ all possible confusion or delays4 ,he fixes1 among o!r ?+s1 ! l9es ( communication2 he keeps 9 close t\* ) ! road s]vices1 &--hav+1 )9 ! limit ( 8 in/ructions1 complete control ov] ! railways 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies--he decides on ! conditions to be adopt$ 9 respect to all transport alike f ! int]ior to ! armies & f ! armies to ! int]ior4 ,z betwe51 also1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> & ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 he ma9ta9s a con/ant ex*ange ( in=mation conc]n+ "t-tables = milit>y tra9s & o!r su* matt]s4 ,9 ! dis*>ge ( ^! duties ! ,directeur de l',arrire is aid$ by a /aff :i* comprises bo? ! te*nical & ! milit>y elem5ts2 b he is n himself responsible = ! actual work+ ( ei!r ! rail or ! road s]vices4 ,railway s]vices 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies are--subject to ! supreme au?ority ( ! ,directeur de l',arrire--"u ! control ( a ,director ( ,railways :o is assi/$ by 7#a7 a comb9$ milit>y & te*nical /aff2 7#b7 a ,l9e ,commission = t section ( ! zone :]e ! railways c /ill be work$ by _! ord9>y /affs2 & 7#c7 "o or m ,field ,l9e ,commissions 7,commissions de *em9s de f] de campagne71 toge!r ) ,railway ,troops1 = ! section :]e milit>y op]ation is necess>y4 ,9 ! int]e/s ( t co-ord9ation to :i* s mu* importance is rightly atta*$1 ! ,director ( ,railways ref]s to ! ,directeur de l',arrire all dem&s = transport t conc]n ! railways ( bo? ! ,zone ( ! ,int]ior & ! ,zone ( ! ,armies or involve conveyance by road z well z by rail4 ,he also passes on to ! ,commissions 9 *>ge ( ei!r section ( ! railways includ$ 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies ! ord]s he himself receives f ! ,directeur de l',arrire 9 respect to su* transport requirem5ts z may conc]n !m4 ,"t-tables drawn up1 & o!r arrangem5ts made1 by ^! ,commissions are subject to 8 approval4 ,he fur!r decides z to ! di/ribution1 )9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies1 ( ! roll+ /ock & ! railway p]sonnel plac$ at 8 disposal by ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief4 ,! ,field ,l9e ,commissions are ! executive ag5ts ( ! ,director ( ,railways 9 ! dis*>ge ( ! v>i\s duties assign$ to him4 ,! numb] ( ^! ,commissions is decid$ by ! ,directeur de l',arrire1 & ! date ( _! ent]+ on _! functions is fix$ by ! ,director ( ,railways4 ,ea* ,commission consi/s ( a /aff (fic] & a railway eng9e]4 ,( ^! ! =m] is milit>y presid5t ( ! ,commission & has ! controll+ voice4 ,:5 he consid]s x necess>y t he %\ld accept1 9 addition to 8 own responsibility1 t ( ! te*nical commission]1 ! latt] mu/ def] to 8 views & to ! ord]s he gives4 ,! presid5t has an assi/ant--also a /aff (fic]--:o c replace him :5 necess>y1 :ile ! ,commission has a /aff ( secret>ies & ord]lies z approv$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>4 ,! p]sonnel ( ! ,commissions includes ,railway ,troops 7,sapeurs de *em9s de f] & ,sections de *em9s de f] de campagne72 a telegraphy /aff2 ,/ation ,commissions2 & g5d>m]ie to und]take police duties 9 ! /ations & on ! tra9s4 ,9 addition to mak+ traffic arrangem5ts & und]tak+ ! op]ation ( ^? l9es at ! !atre ( w> t may pass "u full milit>y control1 ! ,field ,l9e ,commissions are requir$ to c>ry out su* con/ruction1 repair1 ma9t5ance or de/ruction "w on ! railways z %\ld be f\nd necess>y4 ,on ! ,l9es ( ,communication pass+ ?r\gh ! two zones & ensur+ direct communication betwe5 ! int]ior & su* accessible po9ts on ! railway z may1 f "t to "t1 be ne>e/ to ! armies 9 ! field1 ! lead+ /ations en r\te are requir$ to s]ve a v>iety ( milit>y purposes2 ?\gh 9 ea* & e su* in/ance ! sy/em ( organisation is su* t ! duties to be dis*>g$ or ! responsibilities to be fulfill$ are und]tak5 by1 or are "u ! control (1 a ,commission =m$ on ! n[ e/abli%$ basis ( repres5tation !reon ( bo? ! milit>y & ! te*nical elem5ts4 ,= ! conveyance ( troops1 !re are1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,mobilisation ,/ations & ,junction ,/ations1 :5ce ! m5 )9 a c]ta9 di/rict are s5t to ! ,emb>kation ,/ations1 at :i* complete units = ! front are made up4 ,^! are foll[$ by ,/ations = ,meals 7,/ations haltes-repas71 = m5 & horses2 ?\gh 9 ?is case ! /ations may really be goods or locomotive %$s1 able to accommodate a l>ge numb] ( m54 ,at ! end ( ! railway l9e1 s f> z x is available = troops1 come ! ,detra9+ ,/ations4 ,9 reg>d to supplies & /ores1 ! fir/ l9k 9 ! *a9 ( organisation is con/itut$ by ! ,base ,supply ,/ations 7g>es de rassemblem5t74 ,"h ! supplies go+ f a c]ta9 di/rict outside ! !atre ( op]ations to any "o ,army ,corps mu/ be deliv]$2 & "h !y are *eck$1 made up into full tra9 loads1 or o!rwise dealt ) 9 su* a way z to simplify & facilitate _! fur!r transport4 ,9 c]ta9 cases full tra9-loads arriv+ at ^! assembl+ /ations pass ?r\gh to de/9ation1 aft] be+ *eck$2 b ! g5]al practice is = ! consignm5ts =w>d$ f base supply /ations to g to ! ,supply ,depts 7,/ations-magas9s71 s]v+ ! purposes ( /oreh\ses f :i* supplies1 :e!r receiv$ f ! base or collect$ locally1 c be despat*$ 9 j su* quantities1 & at j su* int]vals1 z circum/ances may require4 ,^! depts are organis$ on a diff]5t basis accord+ to ! p>ticul> s]vice or purpose = :i* !y are design$1--,cavalry1 ,eng9e]s1 ,artill]y1 ,m$ical1 ,telegraph ,corps2 provisions1 live /ock1 clo?+1 camp equipm5t1 etc4 ,_! numb]1 "*1 & location are decid$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> 9 "t ( peace4 ,on ! outbreak ( w> ^? 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies pass "u ! control ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief toge!r ) ! railway l9es )9 t zone4 ,! situation ( ! depts may be *ang$1 or additional depts may be op5$1 by ! ,directeur de l',arrire1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief4 ,ea* /ation dept is "u ! *>ge ( ! milit>y memb] ( ! ,/ation ,commission4 ,8 special function x is to supply !refrom ! wants ( ! ,army 9 accordance ) ! dem&s he receives4 ,^! dem&s he di/ributes among ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( ! dept1 giv+ in/ructions z to ! "t by :i* ! railway wagons mu/ be load$4 ,he also takes1 ) ! /ationma/]1 all ! necess>y measures = ensur+ ! mak+ up1 ! load+1 & ! dep>ture ( ! tra9s2 b he mu/ n int]f]e ) ! int]nal adm9i/ration ( ! /ation or ) ! te*nical direction & execution ( ! railway s]vices4 ,provision is also made = ! imm$iate unload+ ( tra9s br++ supplies to ! /ation depts = /orage !re1 ! milit>y commission] be+ expressly in/ruct$ to gu>d aga9/ any block on ! l9es 9 or ne> to ! /ation4 ,wagons ne$ n be unload$ if !y are to be s5t on aft] only a brief det5tion1 or if !y conta9 ammunition =m+ "p ( ! curr5t ne$s ( ! ,army4 ,f ! supply depts ! supplies & /ores pass on to ! ,regulat+ ,/ation 7g>e rgulatrice74 ,?is is locat$ at su* po9t on ea* l9e ( communication z1 :ile all[+ ( a f9al regulation ( supplies go+ to ! front1 does n--ow+ to its ne>ness to ! fight+ l9e--p]mit ( any gu>antee ( a fix$ tra9 s]vice beyond t po9t4 ,! locality ( ! regulat+ /ation is *ang$ f day to day1 or f "t to "t1 accord+ to developm5ts 9 ! milit>y situation4 ,! regulat+ /ation is 9 *>ge ( a ,regulat+ ,commission 7,commission rgulatrice71 con/itut$ on ! same basis z a ,sub-,l9e ,commission4 ,receiv+ ord]s or in/ructions z to ! nature & quantities ( ! supplies & /ores requir$ by ! troops at ! front1 & draw+ ^! f ! supply depts1 ! ,commission mu/ always h on h& a suffici5cy to meet requirem5ts4 ,x is1 also1 left to ! ,commission to arrange = ! fur!r despat* ( ! supplies f ! regulat+ /ation by means ( su* tra9s z1 9 ! circum/ances ( ! mom5t1 may be f\nd practicable4 ,z a matt] ( daily r\t9e1 & )\t fur!r in/ructions1 ! supply depts s5d "o tra9 ( provisions ea* day to ! regulat+ /ation1 & ! latt] s5ds on "o tra9 daily to ! front1 always1 h[ev]1 keep+ a fur!r day's supply on h&1 at or ne> ! regulat+ /ation1 to meet fur!r possible requirem5ts4 ,additional tra9s1 :e!r f ! supply depts or f ! regulat+ /ation 7:]e roll+ /ock is kept available7 are made up z ne$$4 ,supplem5t+ ^! arrangem5ts1 ! ,regulat+ ,commission may1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,director ( ,road ,s]vices1 fur!r keep p]man5tly )9 its zone ( action a c]ta9 numb] ( wagons ( provisions 9 read9ess to meet cont+5cies1 ! wagons s utilis$ z ,/ores on :eels be+ kn[n z en-cas mobiles4 ,%\ld ! ,directeur de l',arrire s desire1 railway wagons ) ammunition c1 9 ! same way1 be kept load$ at any /ation )9 ! ,zone ( ! ,armies1 or1 by arrangem5t ) ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 9 ! ,zone ( ! ,int]ior4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 /ipulat$ t ! numb] ( ^! wagons %\ld be r$uc$ to a m9imum1 9 ord] to avoid conge/ion ei!r ( ! /ations or ( ! railway l9es4 ,beyond ! regulat+ /ation comes ,railhead1 :i* con/itutes ! fur!/ limit ( possible rail-transport = ! "t be+1 & ! f9al po9t ( connection betwe5 rail & road s]vices1 ! latt] be+ left ) ! responsibility ( cont9u+ ! l9e ( communication !nce to ! armies on ! field ( battle4 ,x is ! duty ( ! ,regulat+ ,commission1 z soon z x ent]s on ! dis*>ge ( its functions & z (t5 aft]w>ds z may be necess>y1 to advise bo? ! ,g5]al 9 comm& ( ! ,army s]v$ by ! l9e ( communication & ! ,director ( ,road ,s]vices z to ! /ation :i* c be us$ z railhead & ! facilities (f]$ !re = ! accommodation1 unload+1 & load+ ( wagons4 ,on ! basis ( ! in=mation s giv5 ! ,g5]al-9-,comm& decides ea* day1 or z ! occasion requires1 on ! p>ticul> /ation :i* %all be reg>d$ z railhead = ! purposes ( transport4 ,he advises ! ,regulat+ ,commission & ! ,director ( ,road ,s]vices accord+ly1 & he fur!r notifies to !m 8 wi%es 9 reg>d to ! =w>d+ ( supplies to ! po9t ?us fix$4 ,^! elaborate arrangem5ts = ensur+ a ma9t5ance ( effici5cy along ! :ole l9e ( communication f ! int]ior to ! front equally apply to transport ( all k9ds f ! !atre ( w> to ! int]ior4 ,9 pr9ciple1 evacuations f ! army ( sick & w\nd$1 prison]s1 surplus /ores1 & s on1 are effect$ f railhead by means ( ! daily supply-tra9s return+ !nce to ! regulat+ /ation1 :]e ! ,regulat+ ,commission takes !m 9 *>ge1 & passes !m on by ! tra9s go+ back to ! ,dept ,/ations1 or beyond4 ,%\ld special tra9s be necess>y = ! removal ( a l>ge numb] ( w\nd$1 or o!rwise1 ! ,director ( ,road ,s]vices communicates ) ! ,regulat+ ,commission1 :i* ei!r makes up ! desir$ specials f ! roll+ /ock x has on h& or1 if x _c d ?is1 itself applies1 9 turn1 to ! ,director ( ,railways4 ,= deal+ ) ! sick & w\nd$1 e possible provision is made "u ! au?ority ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,w> & ! ,director-,g5]al1 ! arrangem5ts 9 advance1 z detail$ 9 ! decrees relat+ to ?is bran* ( ! subject1 be+ on ! mo/ compreh5sive scale4 ,among o!r measures provid$ = is ! sett+ up ( ,evacuation ,hospitals 7hpitaux d'vacuation7 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! ,regulat+ ,/ations1 if n1 also1 at railhead4 ,else:]e along ! l9e c]ta9 /ations become ,infirm>y ,/ations1 7infirm>ies de g>e7 :]e1 9 urg5t cases1 & "u conditions laid d[n by ! ,w> ,m9i/]1 ! sick & w\nd$ en r\te to ! int]ior c receive prompt m$ical att5tion 9 case ( ne$4 ,f ! ,di/ribution ,/ations 7g>es de rp>tition71 ! sick & w\nd$ are s5t to ! hospitals 9 ! int]ior to :i* !y may be assign$4 ,x w be se5 t ?is compreh5sive s*eme ( organisation aims at prev5t+ ! recurr5ce ( any ( ^? defects or defici5cies :i* *>act]is$ ! milit>y rail-transport movem5ts ( ,france 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga4 ,! pres5ce1 at e important l9k 9 ! *a9 ( rail communication1 ( a ,commission design$ to secure regul>ity & effici5cy 9 ! traffic arrangem5ts %\ld avoid confusion1 conge/ion & delay4 ,! association1 on ea* ( ^! ,commissions1 ( ! milit>y & te*nical elem5ts1 ) a /rict def9ition ( _! respective p[]s1 duties & responsibilities1 %\ld ensure ! be/ use ( ! available transport facilities "u conditions 9 !mselves practicable1 & )\t ! risk ei!r ( friction betwe5 ! repres5tatives ( ! two int]e/s or1 alt]natively1 ( any int]f]5ce ) ! railway s]vices ow+ to contradictory or impossible ord]s be+ giv5 by individual (fic]s act+ on _! own responsibility4 ,! sett+ up ( ! supply depts & regulat+ /ations along ! l9e ( communication %\ld prev5t 7i7 ! ru%+ ?r\gh ( supplies 9 excessive quantities to ! extreme front2 7ii7 ! conge/ion ( railway l9es & /ations2 7iii7 ! undue accumulation ( provisions at "o po9t1 ) a correspond+ defici5cy else:]e1 & 7iv7 ! possibility ( l>ge /ocks be+ ev5tually seiz$ by ! enemy & made use ( by him to 8 own advantage4 ,! measures adopt$ bo? to prev5t any excessive employm5t ( railway wagons z /oreh\ses on :eels & to secure _! prompt unload+ %\ld af=d a great] gu>antee ( ! be/ utilisation ( roll+ /ock "u conditions (1 possibly1 extreme urg5cy4 ,f9ally1 ! unification ( control1 ! co-ord9ation ( ! _m diff]5t s]vices involv$1 & ! h>mony ( work+ e/abli%$ betwe5 all ! v>i\s sections on ! l9e ( communication l9k+ up ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry ) ! troops 9 ! fight+ l9e %\ld assure1 n only ! ne>e/ possible approa* to complete effici5cy 9 ! transport conditions1 b ! conf]r+ ( great advantages on ! armies conc]n$1 ) a proportionate increase ( _! /r5g? 9 ! field4 ,! effect ( all ^! ?+s on ! milit>y position ( ,france mu/ ne$s be great4 ,_h ,france controll$ a rail-transport organisation su* z ?is--in/ead ( none at all--9 #ahgj-ga2 & _h ,g]many controll$ a sy/em no bett] ?an :at we h se5 to be ! admitt$ly imp]fect "o %e put into op]ation on t occasion1 ! results ( ! ,franco-,g]man w> & ! subsequ5t c\rse ( ev5ts 9 ,europe might alike h be5 :olly diff]5t4 ,te/s ( :at 7 be+ plann$ or project$ 9 ,france z precaution>y measures1 = application 9 w>1 c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 be c>ri$ out exhau/ively 9 peace2 b _m p>ts ( ! ma*9]y design$ came into daily use z a matt] ( ord9>y r\t9e4 ,full advantage 0 tak51 also1 ( :atev] opportunities did pres5t !mselves--9 ! =m ( ex]cises 9 p>tial mobilisation1 reviews1 & o!r occasions involv+ ! movem5t by rail ( l>ge bodies ( troops--to effect su* trials z 7 possible ( regulations & in/ructions already bas$ on exhau/ive /udies by ! milit>y & railway au?orities4 ,9 #ahib ! results atta9$ 7 s satisfactory t a ,g]man au?ority1 ,lieut5ant ,beck]1 writ+ 9 8 book on ,d] n*/e ,krieg und die deuts*5 ,bahnv]waltung51 7,hanov]1 #ahic17 conc]n+ ! trials 9 ,france1 9 t ye>1 ( ! new conditions introduc$ by ! law ( ,decemb] #bh1 #ahhh1 0 n only greatly impress$ !reby b ev5 appe>$ dispos$ to ?9k t ! ,fr5* 7 becom+ sup]ior to ! ,g]mans 9 t v organisation :i* ! latt] _h reg>d$ z _! own p>ticul> prov9ce4 ,! foll[+ passages f 8 book may be wor? recall+3-- ,t[>ds ! middle ( ,septemb]1 #ahib1 f a milit>y railway /ation improvis$ = ! occasion1 !re 7 s5t (f 9 less ?an eight h\rs =ty-two tra9s convey+ a complete ,army ,corps ( #be1jjj m54 ,9 _! fam\s mobilisation te/ ( #ahhg ! ,fr5* despat*$ f ! ,t\l\se /ation #aej milit>y tra9s )\t int]rupt+ ! ord9>y traffic1 & )\t any accid5t4 ,su* figures speak a significant language4 ,!y %[ :at enorm\s masses ( troops ! railway c c>ry 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs to a giv5 po9t4444 ,if ,i h ref]r$ to ! results obta9$ by our neighb\rs on _! railway sy/ems1 x is n because ,i h ! lea/ fe> z to ! f9al issue ( ! next w>4 ,q ! contr>y2 b ! fact does n prev5t me f ask+ :y ! ,g]man ,army _c base on ! railways ( t c\ntry ! same hopes :i* neighb\r+ c\ntries are able to ent]ta9 9 reg>d to !irs4 ,! fav\rable impression ?us giv51 ev5 to a ,g]man critic1 by ! progress ,france 0 mak+ 9 h] creation1 n s mu* de novo z ab ovo1 ( a sy/em ( organis$ milit>y rail-transport1 7 confirm$ by _m subsequ5t trials1 exp]im5ts & exp]i5ces1 all1 9 turn1 lead+ to fur!r improvem5ts 9 matt]s ( detail2 b x 01 inde$1 ! n*/e ,krieg conc]n+ :i* ,lieut5ant ,beck] wrote t 0 to be ! real te/ ( ! organisation :i*1 dur+ m ?an =ty ye>s ( peace1 ,france foll[$ up ) a zeal1 a p]t9acity & a ?or\ghness fully equal to ^? ( ,g]many h]self4 ,9 any case x w\ld seem t ,france1 ?\gh hav+ to make up = ! headway ga9$ by ,g]many1 f9ally creat$ a sy/em ( milit>y rail-transport :i* w\ld be able to /& ! fulle/ comp>ison ) ev5 ! n[ greatly-improv$ sy/em ( h] traditional foe2 :ile ! organisation %e ?us elaborat$1 n = ! purposes ( aggression b z an arm ( h] national def5ce1 illu/rates 9 a /rik+ degree ! ev]-increas+ importance ( ! problem ( rail-p[]1 & ! compreh5sive nature ( ! measures = its effective ex]cise :i* a great ,cont95tal nation reg>ds z indisp5sable "u ! conditions ( mod]n w>f>e4 ,,def5sive ,,railways ,! measures adopt$ includ$1 also1 ! improvem5t ( ! ,fr5* railway sy/em1 s9ce ?is 0 no less 9 ne$ ( am5dm5t & additions 9 ord] to adapt x to ! ne$s ( ! milit>y situation4 ,:il/1 z we h se5 9 ,*apt] ,i1 ! important "p t railways 7 likely to play 9 w> 0 recognis$ 9 ,france z e>ly z #ahcc1 & :il/1 9 #ahdb1 att5tion 0 call$ 9 t c\ntry to ! aggressive l9es :i* ,g]many 0 !n already build+ 9 ! direction ( ! ,fr5* fronti]s1 ! ,fr5* railway sy/em itself 01 prior to ! w> ( #ahgj-ga1 develop$ on pr9ciples :i* practically ignor$ /rategical consid]ations1 7 bas$ ma9ly on economic1 political & local int]e/s1 & n only refra9$ f becom+ aggressive 9 turn1 b ev5 fail$ to provide adequately1 z !y %\ld h done1 = ! legitimate purposes ( national def5ce4 ,ap>t f ! abs5ce ( any designs on ! "p ( ,france aga9/ h] neighb\rs' t]ritory1 dur+ ?is p]iod ( h] hi/ory1 "o ( ! ma9 reasons = ! conditions j m5tion$ is to be f\nd 9 ! pr$om9ant position ( ,p>is z ! capital & c5tre-po9t ( ,fr5* life & ,fr5* movem5t4 ,g]many at ?is "t consi/$ ( a collection ( ,/ates ea* ( :i* _h its own *ief city & built its railways to s]ve its own p>ticul> int]e/s1 )\t mu* reg>d = ! int]e/s ( its si/] ,/ates1 ev5 if x escap$ ! risk ( *]i%+ m or less jeal\sy t[>ds !m4 ,9 ,france !re 0 b "o ,/ate & "o capital1 & ,p>is 0 reg>d$ z ! common c5tre f :i* ! ma9 l9es 7 to radiate 9 all directions4 ,communication 0 ?us e/abli%$ z betwe5 ! capital & ! pr9cipal inl& t[ns or important po9ts on ! fronti]s or on ! coa/s ( ,france2 b ! inadequate numb] ( lat]al or transv]se l9es l9k+ up & connect+ ^! ma9 l9es plac$ great difficulty 9 ! way ( communication betwe5 ! prov9cial c5tres !mselves o!rwise ?an vi ,p>is4 ,"s ( ^! disadvantages 7 to h be5 ov]come "u a law pass$ 9 #ahfh :i* approv$ ! con/ruction ( sev5te5 new l9es hav+ a total l5g? ( #a1hdj km4 7#a1adc miles74 ,:51 h[ev]1 w> broke out 9 #ahgj1 comp>atively little _h be5 done t[>ds ! a*ievem5t ( ?is programme1 & ,france ent]$ ^u ! conflict ) a railway sy/em :i* _h be5 ev5 less develop$ t[>ds h] ea/]n fronti]s ?an t[>ds ! nor?1 ! we/ & ! s\?1 :ile = ! purposes ( conc5trat+ h] troops 9 ! fir/-m5tion$ direction %e _h available only ?ree l9es1 & ( ^! ?ree "o alone 0 provid$ ) d\ble-track ?r\gh\t4 ,su* 7 ! inadequacies ( ! sy/em at ?is "t t ! important l9e betwe5 ,v]dun & ,metz _h n yet be5 complet$4 ,no soon] _h ! w> come to an end ?an ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t />t$ on ! improvem5t ( ! railway sy/em 9 ord] to adapt x to ! possible if n prospective milit>y requirem5ts ( ! future1 s t !y %\ld nev] aga9 be tak5 at a disadvantage2 & 9 c>ry+ on ?is "w--9 addition to ! reorganisation ( _! milit>y-transport sy/em 9 g5]al--!y %[$ an unexampl$ en]gy & ?or\ghness4 ,)9 five ye>s ( ! re/oration ( peace ! ,fr5* railway sy/em _h already und]gone an ext5sion :i*1 accord+ to ,capta9 ,a4 ,p]not1 z told 9 8 ,ap]u hi/orique sur le s]vice des transports militaires1 w\ld h be5 possible 9 b few c\ntries 9 s %ort a p]iod2 :ile ( ! situation at ! "t he wrote 7#ahid7 ! same au?ority decl>$3--,"o c say t ev]y?+ is ready 9 a va/ organisation :i* only awaits ! ^w ( comm& 9 ord] to prove ! /r5g? ( its capacity4 ,)\t attempt+ to give exhau/ive details ( all t 0 done1 x may suffice to indicate g5]ally ! pr9ciples adopt$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! relat$ to an improvem5t ( ! conditions 9 & ar\nd ,p>is4 ,"h ! purposes specially aim$ at 7 7#a7 to e/abli% fur!r connect+ l9ks betwe5 ! v>i\s trunk l9es radiat+ f ! capital1 & 7#b7 to obviate ! necessity = traffic f1 = example1 ! s\? or ! we/ hav+ to pass ?r\gh ,p>is en r\te to ! ea/ or ! nor?4 ,^! aims x 0 s\ght to effect by means ( a s]ies ( circul> railways1 or r+s ( railways1 jo9+ up ! exi/+ l9es1 & all[+ ( ! transf] ( milit>y transport f "o to ! o!r )\t com+ into ,p>is at all4 ,an inn] circul> railway 7,*em9 de ,f] de ,petite ,ce9ture7 _h already be5 con/ruct$ )9 ! =tifications prior to #ahgj1 & ?is 0 foll[$ 9 #ahgi by an out] l9e1 7,*em9 de ,f] de ,gr&e ,ce9ture71 :i* provid$ a wid] circle at an av]age di/ance ( ab\t #bj km4 7#ab miles7 & e/abli%$ direct rail connection1 n only betwe5 a l>ge numb] ( ! m remote suburbs1 toge!r ) ! diff]5t trunk l9es at a great] di/ance f ! city1 b1 also1 betwe5 ! v>i\s =ts con/ruct$ = ! def5ce ( ,p>is4 ,^! circul> railways 71 9 turn1 succe$$ by a s]ies ( connect+ l9ks :i* ensur$ ! provision ( a complete r+ ( rail communication at a /ill great] di/ance ar\nd ,p>is1 ! t[ns compris$ !re9 includ+ ,r\51 ,ami5s1 ,la ,fre1 ,laon1 ,reims1 ,*alons-sur-,m>ne1 ,troyes1 ,s5s1 ,mont>gis1 ,orlans1 ,dreux1 & s on back to ,r\54 ,)91 aga91 ?is out]mo/ r+ !re 0 provid$ a fur!r s]ies ( l9es :i*1 by l9k+ up ,orlans1 ,male%]bes1 ,mont]eau1 ,nog5t1 ,ep]nay1 ,soissons1 ,beauvais & ,dreux1 e/abli%$ additional connections betwe5 all ! l9es f ,p>is to ! nor? & ! ea/ ( ,france1 & gave increas$ facilities = ! di/ribution 9 ^? directions ( troops arriv+ at ,orlans f ! s\?-we/1 ?is be+ once m done )\t any ne$ = _! ent]+ ,p>is or ev5 approa*+ x at a clos] di/ance ?an ab\t =ty miles4 ,orlans itself 0 recognis$ z a po9t ( great /rategical importance 9 reg>d to ! movem5t ( troops1 & x 01 accord+ly1 provid$ ) a numb] ( new l9es radiat+ !refrom1 & e/abli%+ bett] connections ) o!r l9es4 ,t\rs & o!r c5tres ( milit>y significance1 f ! same po9t ( view1 7 /r5g!n$ 9 a l mann]4 ,at important junctions1 & notably s 9 ! case ( ,troyes 7,*ampagne71 loop l9es 7 built 9 ord] t troop tra9s c\ld be transf]r$ direct f "o l9e to ano!r )\t /opp+1 & ) no ne$ = %unt+ or = *ang+ ! position ( ! eng9e4 ,9 ! direction ( ! ea/]n fronti] ! l9e f ,v]dun to ,metz 0 complet$1 & by #ahii ! ?ree r\tes :i* c\ld alone be made use ( 9 #ahgj-ga _h be5 increas$ to t54 ,mo/ ( !m 7 provid$ ) d\ble-track ?r\gh\t1 & all ( !m 7 indep5d5t ( "o ano!r1 ?\gh hav+ int]communication by means ( cross l9es4 ,o!r new railways e/abli%$ connection ) or betwe5 ! =ts on bo? ! ea/]n & ! nor!rn fronti]s4 ,o!rs1 aga91 provid$ direct communication betwe5 diff]5t h>b\rs or betwe5 ea* ( !m & /rategical po9ts 9 ! int]ior1 ?us contribut+ to ! possibilities ( _! def5ce 9 case ( attack f ! sea4 ,/ill o!rs 7 design$ = ! def5ce ( ! ,fr5* ,alps4 ,ap>t f ! provision ( all ^! new l9es1 mu* 0 done 9 ! d\bl+ or ev5 ! quadrupl+ ( exi/+ track :]ev] ! "q ( milit>y transport came into consid]ation at all4 ,!n at railway /ations ne> to ars5als1 & at important /rategical c5tres1 specially long plat=ms 7 provid$ to all[ ( ! rapid entra9+ ( m5 or mat]ial 9 case ( ne$4 ,:ile1 also1 s mu* 0 be+ done = ! improvem5t ( ! ,fr5* railway sy/em f an av[$ly /rategical po9t ( view1 !re 7 _m additional l9es con/ruct$ or improvem5ts made :i*1 al?\gh design$ to fur!r ! int]e/s ( trade & travel1 also add$ to ! sum total ( available facilities = milit>y transport4 ,! advantages specially aim$ at 7 7#a7 ! ensur+ ( a m rapid mobilisation ( troops ?r\gh ! bett]m5t ( cross-c\ntry connections2 7#b7 ! avoidance ( conge/ion ( traffic 9 ,p>is2 7#c7 ! secur+ ( a m rapid conc5tration on ! fronti]s1 especially :5 ea* ,army ,corps c\ld be assur$ ! indep5d5t use ( a d\ble-track l9e ( rails = its own use2 & 7#d7 ! m effective def5ce ( all vital po9ts4 ,national def5ce1 r ?an ! build+ ( /rategical l9es design$ to s]ve aggressive purposes1 0 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple on :i* ! policy ?us foll[$ s9ce #ahgj-ga 0 bas$2 & if1 z ,capta9 ,p]not wrote 9 #ahid1 ev]y?+ 0 ev5 !n ready = all em]g5cies1 ! cont9u\s additions & improvem5ts made s9ce t "t1 br++ ! railway sy/em ( ! c\ntry m & m into h>mony ) ! p]fectionnem5t aim$ at by ,france 9 ! organisation ( h] milit>y transport1 mu/ h made ! conditions ( prep>$ness /ill m complete by #aiad4 ,,footnotes3 #bf ,= details conc]n+ ! functions & duties ( ! v>i\s divisions1 subdivisions1 etc41 see ,m\vem5ts et ,transports4 ,sections de *em9s de f] de campagne4 ,volume arrt la date du #a;er septembre1 #aiad4 ,p>is3 ,h5ri ,*>les-,lavauzelle4 #bg ,bullet9 ,(ficiel du ,m9i/re de la ,gu]re4 ,gnie4 ,tr\pes de *em9s de f]4 ,volume arrt la date du #a;er dcembre1 #aiab4 #bh ,transports militaires p> *em9 de f]4 7,gu]re et ,m>9e47 dition mise j\r des textes en vigueur jusqu'en octobre1 #aijb4 ,= lat] publications1 deal+1 9 sep>ate issues1 ) p>ticul> dep>tm5ts ( ! milit>y rail-transport organisation1 see ,bibliography4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,organisation ,,9 ,,engl& ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! geographical conditions ( ! ,briti% ,isles & ^? ( ! pr9cipal c\ntries on ! ,cont95t ( ,europe l$ to ! sy/ematic organisation ( rail transport = milit>y purposes be+ tak5 9 h& at a lat] date 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ?an 01 m especially1 ! case 9 ,g]many4 ,"h !re 0 no "q ( build+ l9es ( invasion or l9es to facilitate ! mass+ ( troops on a neighb\r's fronti]s4 ,! que/ions t alone seem$ to arise 9 ,engl& 7--7#a7 ! relations betwe5 ! ,/ate & ! companies 9 reg>d to ! use ( ! railways = ! transport ( troops & milit>y necess>ies "u conditions ei!r ( peace or ( w>2 7#b7 ! employm5t ( railways bo? = resi/+ invasion & = ! conveyance ( exp$ition>y =ces to ! port ( emb>kation2 7#c7 ! adoption ( su* means z w\ld ensure ! effici5t work+ ( ! railways "u w> conditions2 & 7#d7 ! creation ( an ,army eng9e]+ =ce provid+ = ! con/ruction1 repair1 op]ation or de/ruction ( railways ei!r at home1 9 case ( invasion1 or to facilitate op]ations 9 ov]seas exp$itions ?r\gh ! build+ & work+ ( milit>y railways4 ,) ^! v>i\s consid]ations x may be conv5i5t to deal 9 ! ord] z "h giv54 ,,! ,,/ate ,,& ,,! ,,railways ,9 ! ,railway ,regulation ,act1 #ahdb1 7#e & #f ,vict41 c4 #ee17 entitl$ ,an ,act = ! bett] ,regulation ( ,railways & = ! ,conveyance ( ,troops1 x 0 provid$1 by section #bj3-- ,:5ev] x %all be necess>y to move any ( ! (fic]s or soldi]s ( h] ,maje/y's =ces ( ! l9e 444 by any railway1 ! directors %all p]mit !m1 ) baggage1 /ores1 arms1 ammunition & o!r necess>ies & ?+s1 to be convey$1 at ! usual h\rs ( />t+1 at su* prices or ^u su* conditions z may be contract$ = betwe5 ! ,secret>y at ,w> & su* railway companies on ! production ( a r\te or ord] sign$ by ! prop] au?orities4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ provision made 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 respect to ! conveyance ( troops by rail4 ,x 0 succe$$ 9 #ahdd by ano!r ,act 7#g & #h ,vict41 c4 #he17 by :i* 7sec4 #ab7 railway companies 7 requir$ to provide conveyances = ! transport ( troops at f>es n exce$+ a scale giv5 9 ! ,act1 & maximum f>es 7 also prescrib$ 9 reg>d to public baggage1 /ores1 ammunition1 7) c]ta9 exceptions1 apply+ to gunp[d] & explosives17 & o!r milit>y necess>ies4 ,9 #ahfg ^! provisions 7 ext5d$ to ! ,army ,res]ve4 ,fur!r revision ( ! f>es & *>ges took place "u ! ,*eap ,tra9s ,act1 #ahhc1 7#df & #dg ,vict41 c4 #cd17 entitl$ ,an ,act to am5d ! ,law ,relat+ to ,railway ,pass5g] ,duty & to am5d & consolidate ! law relat+ to ! conveyance ( ! ,que5's =ces by railway4 ,/ate control ( ! railways 9 case ( w> 0 provid$ = "u ! ,regulation ( ! ,=ces ,act1 #ahga1 7#cd & #ce ,vict41 c4 #hf17 ,an ,act = ! ,regulation ( ! ,regul> & ,auxili>y ,=ces ( ! ,cr[n1 & = o!r purposes relat+ !reto4 ,section #af laid d[n t-- ,:5 h] ,maje/y1 by ,ord] 9 ,c\ncil1 decl>es t an em]g5cy has aris5 9 :i* x is exp$i5t = ! public s]vice t h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t %\ld h control ov] ! railroads ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 or any ( !m1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate may1 by w>rant "u 8 h&1 emp[] any p]son or p]sons nam$ 9 su* w>rant to take possession 9 ! "n or on behalf ( h] ,maje/y ( any railroad 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & ( ! plant belong+ !reto1 or ( any "p !re(1 & may take possession ( any plant )\t tak+ possession ( ! railroad itself1 & to use ! same = h] ,maje/y's s]vice at su* times & 9 su* mann] z ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate may direct2 & ! directors1 (fic]s & s]vants ( any su* railroad %all obey ! directions ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate z to ! us] ( su* railroad or plant z a=esaid = h] ,maje/y's s]vice4 ,any w>rant grant$ by ! said ,secret>y ( ,/ate 9 pursuance ( ?is section %all rema9 9 =ce = "o week only1 b may be r5ew$ f week to week s long z1 9 ! op9ion ( ! said ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ! em]g5cy cont9ues4 ,provision 0 also made = ! paym5t ( full comp5sation to ! int]e/s conc]n$4 ,! p[]s ( control ?us acquir$ by ! ,gov]nm5t foll[$1 9 effect1 closely ^u ! prec$5t already e/abli%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7see p4 #af17 ev5 al?\gh !y 7 n def9$ ) ! same elaborate detail4 ,on ! o!r h& great] emphasis is laid 9 ! ,engli% ,act on ! provision t ! ,gov]nm5t may take possession ( any plant )\t tak+ possession ( ! railroad itself4 ,?is gives !m ! "r to take ov] ! locomotives & roll+ /ock ( any railway 9 any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ev5 ?\gh ! l9es 9 "q may n !mselves be want$ = ! purposes ( milit>y transport4 ,"u ! provisions ( ! ,national ,def5ce ,act1 #ahhh1 7#ea & #eb ,vict41 c4 #ca17 traffic = naval & milit>y purposes is to h prec$5ce ov] o!r traffic on ! railways ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom :5ev] an ,ord] = ! embodim5t ( ! ,militia is 9 =ce4 ,x 0 by virtue ( ! above section ( ! ,act ( #ahga t ! ,gov]nm5t took control ov] ! railways ( ,great ,brita9 on ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aiad4 ,z reg>ds ! e>li] ,acts ( #ahdb & #ahdd1 ^! 7 ma9ly dome/ic measures relat+ to ! conveyance ( troops 9 "t ( peace r ?an w>4 ,! beg9n+s ( organisation ( milit>y rail-transport = ! purposes ( w> foll[$1 r1 on a realisation bo? ( ! possibilities ( invasion & ( ! weakness ( ! position 9 :i* ,engl& at "o "t /ood f ! po9t ( view ( national def5ce4 ,,invasion ,,prospects ,,& ,,home ,,def5ce ,9 #ahdg ! ,duke ( ,well+ton1 7!n ,comm&]-9-,*ief17 address$ to ,sir ,john ,burgoyne a lett] 9 :i* he said he _h endeav\r$ to awak5 ! att5tion ( diff]5t ,adm9i/rations to ! def5celess /ate ( ! c\ntry4 ,we _h1 he decl>$1 no def5ce1 or hope ( *ance ( def5ce1 except 9 our ,fleet1 & he 0 especially s5sible bo? ( ! c]ta9ty ( failure if we did n1 at an e>ly mom5t1 att5d to ! measures necess>y to be tak5 = our def5ce & ( ! disgrace1 ! indelible disgrace1 ( su* failure4 ,!n1 9 words t greatly impress$ ! c\ntry1 he add$3-- ,i am bord]+ ^u sev5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age1 pass$ 9 hon\r2 ,i hope t ! ,almighty may protect me f be+ ! witness ( ! trag$y :i* ,i _c p]suade my contempor>ies to take measures to av]t4 ,z ! result alike ( ?is pa!tic w>n+2 ( a ,lett] on ! ,def5ce ( ,engl& by ,volunte] ,corps & ,militia issu$ 9 pamphlet =m by ,sir ,*>les ,napi] 9 #aheb2 & ( ! ,indian ,mut9y 9 #aheg1 :i* ev5t call$ att5tion to ! def5celess condition ( ! ,empire z a :ole1 cont9u\s ef=ts 7 made to secure ! creation ( ,volunte] ,corps = ! purposes ( def5ce4 ,= a p]iod ( twelve ye>s ^! ef=ts met ) p]si/5t disc\ragem5t1 ! ,gov]nm5t refus+ (ficial recognition to c]ta9 corps ( riflem5 t5tatively =m$2 b 9 #ahei ! prospect ( an e>ly invasion ( ?is c\ntry by ,france ar\s$ public feel+ to su* an ext5t t on ,may #ab ! !n ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,w>1 ,g5]al ,peel1 address$ a circul> to ! ,"l-,lieut5ants ( c\nties 9 ,great ,brita9 ann\nc+ t ,volunte] ,corps might be =m$ "u an ,act pass$ 9 #ahjd1 :5 a l c\rse _h be5 adopt$ z a precaution>y measure aga9/ ! ?reat5$ invasion ( ,engl& by ,napoleon4 ,! =mation ( ,volunte] ,corps 0 !reupon tak5 up ) ! greate/ zeal1 & by ! end ( #ahfj ! numb] ( ,volunte]s enroll$ ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita9 0 no few] ?an #abj1jjj4 ,o!r results ( ! national awak5+ 9 #ahei 7 ! public discussion ( ! que/ions ( coa/ def5ce & arm\r$ tra9s1 7( :i* m5tion has be5 made 9 ,*apt] ,,vii17 & ! appropriation1 9 #ahfj1 ( a loan ( sev5 & a half millions = ! improvem5t ( our coa/ def5ces & notably ! =tifications ( ,portsm\? & ,plym\?4 ,,eng9e] ,,& ,,railway ,,/aff ,,corps ,already 9 ,decemb]1 #ahei1 ! necessity = "s def9ite eng9e]+ in/ruction = ,volunte]s 0 be+ po9t$ out1 & 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfj1 ! fir/ corps ( ,volunte] ,eng9e]s 0 creat$1 "u ! title ( ! #a/ ,middlesex ,volunte] ,eng9e]s4 ,simil> corps 7 =m$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & by #ahfg ! numb] ( ,volunte] ,eng9e]s enroll$ 0 #f1ehj4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( #ahfj a fur!r proposal 0 made = ! =mation ( a body :i*1 compos$ ( em95t civil eng9e]s1 ! g5]al manag]s ( lead+ l9es ( railway1 & ! pr9cipal railway contractors or o!r employ]s ( lab\r1 w\ld und]take a v>iety ( duties consid]$ no less ess5tial 9 ! int]e/s ( national def5ce4 ,!re 01 9 ! fir/ place1 ! "q ( ! transport by rail alike ( ,volunte]s & ( ! regul> =ces1 ei!r on ! occasion ( reviews or = ! protection ( our coa/s aga9/ an invad]4 ,:ile x 0 evid5t t ! railways c\ld be effici5tly work$ only by _! own (fic]s1 x 0 no less obvi\s t plans = ! movem5t ( l>ge bodies ( m51 & especially ( troops1 ) horses1 guns1 ammunition & /ores1 %\ld be well consid]$ & prep>$ long be=eh&1 & n left = ! occasion or ! em]g5cy :5 ! ne$ = !m w\ld arise4 ,9 ! next place x 0 sugge/$ t ! eng9e]+ tal5t ( ! c\ntry %\ld be made available = ! purpose ( supplem5t+ ! s]vices ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s 9 c>ry+ out v>i\s def5sive works1 su* z ! de/ruction ( railway l9es1 bridges & roads1 ! ?r[+ up ( e>?works1 or ! flood+ ( ! l[l& di/ricts1 ) a view to resi/+ ! advance ( a possible invad]4 ,f9ally ! great contractors 7 to be br\ght into ! comb9ation s t !y c\ld provide ! lab\r necess>y = ! execution ( ^! def5sive works "u ! direction ( ! civil eng9e]s1 :o !mselves w\ld act "u ! direction ( ! milit>y comm&]s4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree gr\ps 0 to dis*>ge ! function = :i* x 0 specially adapt$1 :ile ! co-ord9ation ( ! ?ree1 = ! purpose ( /r5g!n+ ! c\ntry's p[]s ( resi/+ invasion1 0 expect$ to add greatly to ! value ( ! propos$ organisation4 ,! au?or ( ?is s*eme 0 ,mr4 ,*>les ,manby1 ,f4,r4,s41 7#ahjd-ahhd17 a di/+ui%$ civil eng9e] :o = ne>ly half a c5tury 0 secret>y ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s & 0 closely associat$ ) ! lead+ civil eng9e]s1 contractors & railway int]e/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,he submitt$ 8 ideas to sev]al memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil ( 8 ,in/itution1 & ?\gh1 at fir/1 ! s*eme 0 n well receiv$1 he 0 subsequ5tly s f> enc\rag$ t 9 ,augu/1 #ahfj1 he laid 8 plan be=e ,mr4 ,sidney ,h]b]t1 !n ,m9i/] at ,w> 9 ,"l ,palm]/on's second adm9i/ration4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t express$ cordial approval ( ! project1 giv+ ! assurance1 on behalf ( ! ,w> ,(fice1 t an organisation on ! basis sugge/$ c\ld n fail to be ( public b5efit2 b ,mr4 ,manby /ill met ) difficulties alike f sev]al memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil1 :o ei!r (f]$ direct opposition to ! s*eme or else gave unwill+ cons5t to jo91 &1 also1 f ! railway companies1 :o ?\ght t arrangem5ts = rail-transport might v well be left to !mselves1 & t !re 0 no necessity = ! sugge/$ sy/em s f> z !y1 at lea/1 7 conc]n$4 ,9 ^! circum/ances ,mr4 ,manby made1 at fir/1 v little progress2 b he 0 unremitt+ 9 8 ef=ts to demon/rate alike to civil eng9e]s & to ! railway companies ! practical b5efits f ! po9t ( view ( public int]e/s t w\ld result f ! organisation he advocat$1 & 9 #ahfd he felt suffici5tly enc\rag$ to lay 8 views once m be=e ! ,w> ,(fice4 ,e>l de ,grey1 !n 9 *>ge ( t ,dep>tm5t1 !reupon in/ruct$ ! ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,volunte]s1 ,colonel ,mc,murdo1 7aft]w>ds ,g5]al ,sir ,w4 ,m4 ,mc,murdo1 ,c4,b417 to inquire into & report to him on ! subject4 ,9 ! result !re 0 creat$1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahfe1 a body kn[n z ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps1 con/itut$1 accord+ to its rules1 = ! purpose ( direct+ ! application ( skill$ lab\r & ( railway transport to ! purposes ( national def5ce1 & = prep>+1 9 "t ( peace1 a sy/em on :i* su* duties %\ld be conduct$4 ,! ,corps 0 to consi/ ( (fic]s only1 & its memb]s 7 to be civil eng9e]s & contractors1 (fic]s ( railway & dock companies1 &1 "u special circum/ances1 ,bo>d ( ,trade ,inspectors ( ,railways4 ,civil eng9e]s ( /&+ & exp]i5ce :o _h direct$ ! con/ruction ( ! *ief railways & o!r important works1 g5]al manag]s ( railways & comm]cial docks1 & ,bo>d ( ,trade ,inspectors ( ,railways1 7 alone eligible = ! rank ( ,lieut5ant-,colonel4 ,o!r civil eng9e]s & contractors connect$ *iefly ) railway works1 &1 also1 railway (fic]s o!r ?an g5]al manag]s1 take ! rank ( ,major4 ,col4 ,mc,murdo 0 appo9t$ ,honor>y ,colonel ( ! ,corps on ,febru>y #i1 #ahfe4bi ,z ultimately con/itut$1 ! corps consi/$ ( an ,honor>y ,colonel 7n[ ,maj4-,g54 ,d4 ,a4 ,scott1 ,c4,v4,o41 ,c4,b41 ,d4,s4,c471 ?irty ,lieut5ant-,colonels includ+ a ,comm&ant1 7n[ ,lieut4-,col4 ,sir ,william ,=bes1 g5]al manag] ( ! ,london1 ,brighton & ,s\? ,coa/ ,railway7 & tw5ty ,majors4#cj ,,functions ,,& ,,purposes ,t ! ,corps ?us creat$ 0 ! direct outcome1 fir/1 ( ! ,volunte] movem5t1 &1 ?r\gh t movem5t1 ( ! /ate ( semi-panic into :i* ! c\ntry _h drift$ 9 #ahei1 z ! result bo? ( ! anticipations ( invasion & ! admitt$ weakness1 at t "t1 ( our national def5ces1 has ?us be5 cle>ly e/abli%$4 ,writ+ 9 #ahfi1 ,major-,g5]al ,mc,murdo1 :o _h be5 rais$ to t rank 9 #ahfh1 said 9 a pamphlet he issu$ "u ! title ( ,rifle ,volunte]s = ,field ,s]vice t ! ,corps 0 prep>$ to "w1 n = ,volunte]s alone1 b = ! entire def5sive =ces ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ?is same publication ,major-,g5]al ,mc,murdo gave an acc\nt ( ! functions & purposes ! ,corps _h be5 design$ to s]ve4 ,allud+ fir/ to ! ,volunte] movem5t1 he %[$ h[ ! railway c>riage mu/ bo? c>ry & %elt] ! ,volunte] :5 mov+ f "o "p ( ! c\ntry to ano!r2 & he proce$$3-- ,i w ask y to look att5tively = a mom5t at a ,brad%aw's railway map1 & y w see t ?r\gh\t ! network ( rails t ov]spreads ! l& none ( ! me%es1 s to speak1 9 any vital p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 exce$ fifte5 miles across1 f rail to rail2 b z ! eye approa*es ! ,metropolis1 or any ( ! comm]cial c5tres1 ^! me%es are dim9i%$ to ab\t "o-half ! area ( ! o!rs4 ,he !n dealt ) ! op]ations :i* ! movem5t ( troops along ^! l9es ( railway w\ld involve1 & cont9u$3-- ,! railway s*emes = ! accompli%m5t ( su* delicate op]ations w\ld emanate f ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps4444 ,dur+ peace ! railway bran* ( ?is body is employ$ 9 work+ out hypo!tical plans ( campaign1 9 ! developm5t ( :i* !y manipulate 9 !ory ! entire roll+-/ock & railway res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 elaborat$ by special "t-tables & te*nical reports4 ,! %>e tak5 by ! civil eng9e]s is n conf9$ to provid+ m]ely = ! class ( railway works cont+5t on w>1 :e!r ( con/ruction1 demolition1 or ( recon/ruction1 b 9 supply+ ! milit>y eng9e]s ) in=mation1 advice & lab\r4 ,no "o1 = example1 c be m famili> ) ! features & "* ( a di/rict ?an ! eng9e] :o has con/ruct$ a l9e ( railway ?r\gh x4 ,no "o is s well able to po9t out ! results ( lett+ 9 t :i* he _h be5 s (t5 employ$ 9 keep+ out1 viz41 ! inundations ( ! sea4 ,none bett] acqua9t$ ) ! exi/+ di/ribution ( lab\r p[] ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & ( ! means by :i* x c\ld be conc5trat$ ^u giv5 po9ts1 = ! con/ruction ( works ( def5ce4 ,all ^! elem5ts1 9 %ort1 by :i* ! gigantic res\rces ( our c\ntry may be safely wield$ = h] def5ce1 are n[ be+ sil5tly consid]$ & wov5 into /rategical s*emes ( op]ations by ^! em95t & patriotic m51 ! value ( ^: volunt>y s]vices w n be fully compreh5d$ or appreciat$ till ! day comes :5 ! discomfiture ( ! invad] %all be accompli%$ ?r\gh _! in/rum5tality4 ,! same di/+ui%$ au?ority wrote conc]n+ ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps 9 an article on ,volunte]s :i* he contribut$ to ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica 7n9? edition73-- ,! ready lab\r p[] ( ?is useful ,corps is e/imat$ at f #ab1jjj to #bj1jjj navvies1 ) tools1 b>r[s & commiss>iat complete4 ,x has already p]=m$ important s]vice 9 tabulat+1 & pr9t+ at great private co/1 complete "t-tables & special reports = six g5]al conc5trations aga9/ possible invasion4 ,a special return 0 also prep>$ by ! ,corps 7! fir/ ( its k9d7 ( ! entire roll+ /ock ( all ! railways 9 ,great ,brita94 ,?is important "w--:i* is correct$ & republi%$ annually--%[s :]e ! requisite numb] ( c>riages ( e description c be obta9$ = ! composition ( troop tra9s4 ,9 ! (ficial catalogue ( books 9 ! ,w> ,(fice ,libr>y !re is an item :i* reads3--,"t ,tables = ,special ,troop ,tra9s1 etc4 ,compil$ by ! ,railway ,companies4 #caa pp4 #hvo4 ,london1 #ahff4 ,?is1 presumably1 ref]s to ! fir/ ( ! complete "t tables m5tion$ 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica article z hav+ be5 compil$ by ! ,corps4 ,x is evid5t1 f ! date giv51 t ! ,corps mu/ h got quickly to "w aft] its =mation 9 #ahfe4 ,at "o "t !re 0 an expectation t ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps w\ld develop into a body ex]cis+ /ill wid] & m responsible duties ?an ^? already m5tion$4 ,on ?is po9t we h ! te/imony ( ! late ,sir ,george ,f9dlay1 =m]ly g5]al manag] ( ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,railway ,company1 & himself a ,lieut5ant-,colonel 9 ! ,corps4 ,col4 ,j4 ,s4 ,ro?well _h writt5 "s articles#ca 9 :i*1 :ile admitt+ _! practically unlimit$ res\rces1 he que/ion$ ! ability ( ! ,briti% railways1 at a few h\rs notice1 to transport to any "p ( our coa/s :i* might be ! sc5e ( a ho/ile invasion a suffici5t body ( troops to dispute ! advance ( an army ^u ,london1 & he fur!r sugge/$ t ! :ole "q 0 "o :i* _h n yet receiv$ ! mature consid]ation x des]v$4 ,col4 ,ro?well said1 9 ! c\rse ( :at he wrote3-- ,?\gh ! actual work+ ( our railways mu/ be left 9 ! h&s ( ! prop] railway (ficials1 x does n foll[ t ! plann+ ( ! arrangem5ts = ! milit>y traffic %\ld also be entru/$ to !m exclusively4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 appe>s to be contemplat$1 z1 "u exi/+ circum/ances1 su* arrangem5ts w\ld re/ ) ! memb]s ( a body call$ ! ,volunte] ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps4444 ,?\gh ! effici5cy ( ^! g5tlem5 9 _! own sph]e is und5iable1 x appe>s op5 to "q :e!r !y are likely to h suffici5t leisure p]sonally to "w out ! details ( a l>ge conc5tration ( troops by rail1 & :e!r ! special requirem5ts ( milit>y transport w be fully appreciat$ by !m1 or by ! subord9ates :om !y presumably w employ4 ,mu*1 he argu$1 requir$ to be done be=e ! c\ntry c\ld be consid]$ ready to meet a possible invad]2 & he conclud$3-- ,if ! invasion ( ,engl& is to be reg>d$ z an ev5t :i* is )9 ! b\nds ( possibility1 x is surely n unreasonable to ask t ^? precaution>y measures :i* require "t = _! elaboration %all be ?or\ghly work$ out be=e !re is any risk ( our want+ to employ !m4 ,! organisation = ! conveyance ( our troops by railway is su* a measure4 ,to ^! criticisms ,sir ,george ,f9dlay repli$ 9 an article ,on ! ,use ( ,railways 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom = ! ,conveyance ( ,troops1 publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,s]vice ,magaz9e = ,april1 #ahib4 ,! complete network ( railways cov]+ ^! isl&s1 admirably equipp$ & effici5tly work$ z !y 71 w\ld1 he decl>$1 be f\nd equal to any "p !y might be call$ ^u to play 9 a s*eme ( national def5ce4 ,z reg>d$ ! att5tion already paid to ! "q he said3-- ,! ,w> ,(fice1 s f> f hav+ 9 any way neglect$ ! subject1 h devot$ consid]able att5tion to x1 & a complete s*eme = ! work+ ( our railways = transport purposes 9 "t ( w> has be5 elaborat$1 & w\ld at once be put 9 op]ation1 if ev] ! em]g5cy arose4 ,pass+ on to describe ! composition & duties ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps1 he spoke ( its memb]s z meet+ 9 c\ncil at _! headqu>t]s to discuss f "t to "t details ( railway organisation & o!r matt]s delegat$ to _! consid]ation1 aft]w>ds report+ _! conclusions to ! ,w> ,(fice2 & he w5t on to say t = ! op]ation ( ! railways1 "u ,/ate control1 on any occasion ( national en]gy or dang]-- ,a draft s*eme has be5 prep>$1 has be5 work$ out 9 detail1 & w\ld1 9 all probability1 be adopt$ & put 9 op]ation if1 unhappily1 ! necessity %\ld ev] arise4 ,?is s*eme 9 its ma9 features provides t1 at su* "t z we are contemplat+1 ! pr9cipal railway (ficials 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& w\ld at once become1 = ! "t be+1 ! (fic]s ( ! ,/ate1 & 9 addition to ! g5]al manag]s ( ! lead+ railways1 :o are (fic]s ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps1 milit>y rank ( "s k9d w\ld be conf]r$ ^u ! eng9e]s1 locomotive sup]9t5d5ts1 *ief pass5g] sup]9t5d5ts & goods manag]s ( ! pr9cipal railway companies1 z well z on ! manag]s ( ! pr9cipal ,iri% railways4 ,! railways ( ! c\ntry w\ld be divid$ into sections1 & = ea* section !re w\ld be a committee compos$ ( ! g5]al manag]s ( ! railways includ$ 9 ! section1 toge!r ) ! pr9cipal eng9e]s1 locomotive sup]9t5d5ts & o!r *ief (fic]s4 ,! railways w\ld be work$ & controll$ = milit>y purposes by ^! committees ( sections1 ea* committee hav+ z its presid5t a ,lieut5ant-,colonel ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps1 :o w\ld be directly responsible = provid+ transport = troops & /ores ov] ! section ( :i* 8 committee _h *>ge1 :ile if ! op]ation to be c>ri$ out requir$ ! co-op]ation ( "o or m sections ( ! railways1 ! committees ( ^? sections w\ld act 9 unison4 ,9 su* a case ! ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al's requisition = ! s]vice to be p]=m$ w\ld be made ^u ! presid5t ( ! section embrac+ ! po9t ( dep>ture1 t (fic] & 8 committee tak+ ! initiative & arrang+ ) ! o!r committees = ! p]=mance ( ! s]vice4 ,= ea* section1 or gr\p1 ( railways1 a milit>y (fic] ( rank w\ld be appo9t$1 ) full p[] to arrange = food1 =age & wat] = ! troops & horses en r\te1 & hav+ at 8 disposal a suffici5t numb] ( soldi]s or lab\r]s to assi/ 9 load+ & unload+ baggage1 /ores1 etc41 at ! po9ts ( entra9m5t & detra9m5t )9 8 section4 ,he w\ld also be able to comm& ! s]vices ( ! ,royal or ,volunte] ,eng9e]s to assi/ 9 ! erection ( tempor>y plat=ms or l&+s1 or ! lay+ d[n ( tempor>y rails1 & w\ld be in/ruct$ to co-op]ate )1 & assi/ 9 e way1 ! committee ( section hav+ *>ge ( 8 di/rict1 b n 9 any way to attempt to int]f]e ) ! work+ ( ! l9e or ! movem5t ( ! tra9s or traffic4 ,! numb] ( sections into :i* ! railways 7 to be divid$ = ! purposes ( ?is s*eme 0 n9e4 ,aft] def9+ ! v>i\s areas1 ,sir ,george cont9u$3-- ,x is contemplat$ t dur+ any su* p]iod ( crisis z we are n[ discuss+1 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps w\ld be sitt+ en p]man5ce at its headqu>t]s1 &1 ) a full k ( ! nature & ext5t ( ! op]ations to be c>ri$ out1 w\ld h p[] to regulate ! supply & di/ribution ( roll+ /ock ?r\gh\t ! area affect$1 all ! vehicles 9 ! c\ntry be+1 = ! "t be+1 treat$ z a common /ock4 ,?is is a m]e outl9e ( ! s*eme1 ) ! fur!r details ( :i* x is n necess>y to tr\ble ! read]1 ?\gh probably en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ! subject1 f> f hav+ be5 neglect$1 z ,colonel ,ro?well appe>s to assume1 has be5 c>efully /udi$ & ?\ght out4 ,_h ! s*eme 9 "q be5 matur$ & adopt$ on ! l9es "h /at$1 a /ill great] degree ( importance w\ld h be5 atta*$ to ! position & proce$+s ( a ,corps !n--& /ill--almo/ unkn[n to ! _w at l>ge1 s9ce its *ief function 0 to c>ry out inve/igations at ! reque/ ( ! au?orities1 & prep>e reports1 /atem5ts & /ati/ics :i* h inv>iably got no fur!r ?an ! ,w> ,(fice & ! ,horse ,gu>ds1 :]e1 alone1 ! value ( ! s]vices r5d]$ has be5 fully und]/ood & appreciat$4 ,! s*eme 01 h[ev]1 all[$ to drop1 ! policy ev5tually adopt$ be+ bas$1 pref]ably1 7#a7 on ! railways ( ,great ,brita9 be+ op]at$ 9 w> "t z "o gr\p in/ead ( 9 a s]ies ( gr\ps or sections2 & 7#b7 on su* op]ation be+ entru/$ to a body specially creat$ = ! purpose2 ?\gh prior to ! adoption ( ! latt] c\rse !re 0 to be a fre% developm5t 9 ano!r direction4 ,,! ,,w> ,,railway ,,c\ncil ,:ile ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps rema9$1 d[n to #ahif1 ! only organis$ body :i* 7ap>t f ! individual railway companies7 ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts c\ld consult z to ! te*nical work+ & traffic facilities ( ! railways1 f ! po9t ( view ( milit>y transport1 x 0 ?\ght desirable1 9 ! ye> m5tion$1 to supplem5t t ,corps by a small] body kn[n at fir/ z ! ,army ,railway ,c\ncil & aft]w>ds z ! ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil4 ,design$ to act 9 a purely advisory capacity1 )\t assum+ any adm9i/rative or executive functions1 ?is ,c\ncil 0 ev5tually con/itut$ z foll[s3--,! ,deputy ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al 7presid5t72 six railway manag]s1 :o repres5t$ ! ,briti% railway companies & might or might n already be memb]s ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps2 "o ,bo>d ( ,trade ,inspector ( ,railways2 two memb]s 7n be+ railway manag]s7 ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps2 ! ,deputy-,assi/ant ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al2 "o mobilisation (fic]2 two ,naval (fic]s2 & "o (fic] ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ) a repres5tative ( ! ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t z secret>y4 ,! ,c\ncil approximat$ closely to ! ,commission ,militaire ,sup]ieure des ,*em9s de ,f] 9 ,france1 ( :i* an acc\nt has be5 giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,x also und]took _m ( ! duties :i* 9 ! case ( ! ,g]man ,army w\ld be p]=m$ by a special section ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff2 ?\gh "s ( ^! duties x took ov] f ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps1 r$uc+ ! functions & ! importance ( t body proportionately4 ,9 "t ( peace ! ,c\ncil 0 7#a7 g5]ally to advise ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,w> on matt]s relat+ to milit>y rail-transport2 7#b7 to draw up1 9 conjunction ) ! diff]5t railway companies conc]n$1 & on ! basis ( data to be suppli$ to !m by ! ,w> ,(fice1 a detail$ s*eme = ! movem5t ( troops on mobilisation2 7#c7 to arrange 9 advance z to ! composition ( ! tra9s :i* w\ld be requir$ = any su* movem5t2 7#d7 to det]m9e ! nature ( ! data to be ask$ = f ! railway companies1#cb & to prep>e ! necess>y regulations & in/ructions 9 reg>d to ! said troop movem5ts2 7#e7 to draw up rules = ! organisation ( a body ( ,railway ,/aff ,(fic]s :o1 locat$ at railway /ations to be select$ by ! ,c\ncil1 w\ld act !re z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! railway (ficials & ! troops2 & 7#f7 to conf] ) ! diff]5t railway companies z to ! provision ( su* extra sid+s1 load+ plat=ms1 ramps1 b>ri]s1 etc41 z might be necess>y to facilitate milit>y transport1 & to decide on ! be/ means by :i* ! provision !re( c\ld be arrang$4 ,in=mation on ^! subjects 0 to be c>efully compil$1 elaborat$1 &1 ) explanatory maps1 plac$ on record = use z requir$4 ,9 ! ev5t ( mobilisation1 or ( "s national em]g5cy1 ! ,c\ncil 01 also1 to advise ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,w> 9 reg>d to matt]s relat+ to ! movem5t ( troops by rail2 to act z a m$ium ( communication betwe5 ! ,w> ,(fice & ! railway companies1 & to make all ! necess>y arrangem5ts 9 connection ) su* movem5ts4 ,o!r que/ions likely to arise1 & requir+ consid]ation 9 "t ( peace1 includ$ ! gu>d+ ( ! railways aga9/ possible attack2 ! prompt repair ( any damage t might be done to !m2 ! equipm5t ( arm\r$ tra9s1 & ! provision ( ambulance tra9s on l9es :]e !y might be requir$4 ,all ^! & v>i\s o!r matt]s 7 dealt ) at ! p]iodical meet+s held by ! ,c\ncil1 :i*1 )9 ! range ( its limitations z an advisory body1 r5d]$ good s]vice to ! ,w> ,(fice2 ?\gh t ,dep>tm5t 0 /ill left to deal ) ! individual railway companies 9 reg>d to all arrangem5ts & matt]s ( detail directly conc]n+ !m4 ,,railway ,,transport ,,(fic]s ,9 ! =ego+ /atem5t z to ! functions to be dis*>g$ by ! ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil x is m5tion$ t ^! 7 to include ! draw+ up ( rules = ! organisation ( a body ( ,railway ,/aff ,(fic]s :o 7 to act z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! troops & ! railway /ation /affs 9 ! conduct ( milit>y rail-transport4 ,we t\* "h ^u ^? que/ions ( control & organisation ( milit>y traffic :i* _h be5 a fruitful s\rce ( tr\ble 9 e>li] w>s1 & m especially s on ! ,fr5* railways 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga4 ,!re 01 inde$1 mu* wisdom 9 ! attempt n[ be+ made1 z a precaution>y measure1 to provide well 9 advance aga9/ ! risk ( simil> exp]i5ces 9 reg>d to movem5ts ( ,briti% troops by rail1 :ile ! c\rse adopt$ l$ to ! creation ( a sy/em :i* 0 to ensure excell5t results lat] on4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! (fic]s appo9t$ "u ! sy/em "h 9 "q 7 kn[n z ,railway ,control ,(fic]s1 7,r4,c4,o4's17 _! *ief z ! ,director ( ,railways1 7,d4,r417 & ! organisation itself z ! ,railway ,control ,e/abli%m5t2 b ! titles ( ,railway ,transport ,(fic]s 7,r4,t4,o4's71 ,director ( ,railway ,transport 7,d4,r4,t47 & ,transport ,e/abli%m5ts 7 aft]w>ds sub/itut$4 ,! functions ( ! ,director ( ,railway ,transport are ?us def9$ 9 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 ,"p ,,ii1 section #bc 7#aiac73-- ,provision ( railway transport & adm9i/ration ( railway transport p]sonnel4 ,control1 con/ruction1 work+ & ma9t5ance ( all railways4 ,provision ( telegraph op]ators = railway circuits4 ,control & work+ ( telephones & telegraphs allott$ to ! railway s]vice4 ,= ! erection & ma9t5ance ( all telegraph circuits on railways :i* are work$ by ! troops1 a repres5tative ( ! ,director ( ,army ,signals w be atta*$ to 8 headqu>t]s & ! necess>y signal troops allott$ to him z may be ord]$ by ! ,i4,g4,c4 7,inspector-,g5]al ( ,communications74 ,z reg>ds ! ,railway ,transport ,e/abli%m5ts1 ! ,regulations say 7section #fb73-- ,9 railway matt]s1 ! au?ority ( ea* memb] ( a railway transport e/abli%m5t w be p>am\nt on t portion ( a railway sy/em :]e he is po/$ = duty4 ,railway te*nical (ficials w always receive ! dem&s ( ! troops = railway transport ?r\gh ! railway transport e/abli%m5t4 ,except :5 fight+ is imm95t or 9 progress1 a memb] ( ! railway transport e/abli%m5t w receive ord]s f ! ,director ( ,railway ,transport only1 or 8 repres5tative4 ,an (fic]1 or (fic]s1 ( ! railway transport e/abli%m5t1 recogniz$ by a badge worn on ! left arm m>k$ ,r4,t4,o41 w be po/$ = duty at ea* place :]e troops are con/antly entra9+1 detra9+1 or halt+ en r\te4 ,_! *ief duties w be3-- #a4 ,to facilitate ! transport ( troops1 animals & mat]ial4 #b4 ,to act z a *annel ( communication betwe5 ! milit>y au?orities & ! te*nical railway p]sonnel4 #c4 ,to advise ! local milit>y au?orities z to ! capacity & possibilities ( ! railway4 #d4 ,to br+ to ! notice ( ! ,director ( ,railway ,transport any means by :i* ! c>ry+ p[] ( ! railway may1 = milit>y purposes1 be increas$4 ,all details z to ! entra9+ & detra9+ ( troops & ! load+ & unload+ ( /ores w be arrang$ 9 conjunction ) ! te*nical (ficials by ! railway transport e/abli%m5t1 :o w meet all troops arriv+ to entra91 in=m comm&]s ( ! times & places ( entra9m5t1 & allot trucks & c>riages to units 9 bulk4 ,!y w see t ! necess>y roll+ /ock is provid$ by ! railway (ficials1 t only ! prescrib$ am\nt ( baggage is load$1 & t no unau?oris$ p]son travels by rail4 ,!y w meet all troop tra9s1 & see t troops & /ores are detra9$ ) ! utmo/ despat*4 ,x w be obs]v$ f ^! regulations t1 :atev] 8 own rank may be1 ! ,r4,t4,o41 subject to ! in/ructions he has receiv$ f 8 sup]ior ,transport ,(fic]1 ex]cises at ! railway /ation to :i* he is delegat$ an au?ority t n ev5 a ,g5]al may "q or seek to set aside by giv+ ord]s direct to ! /ation /aff4 ,! ,r4,t4,o4 alone is ! *annel ( communication betwe5 ! milit>y & ! railway elem5ts4 ,he x is :o1 act+ 9 conjunction ) ! railway p1 mu/ see t all ! details 9 connection ) entra9+ & detra9+ are prop]ly arrang$ & effici5tly c>ri$ out1 :ile ! op]ations ( ! /ation /aff are1 9 turn1 greatly facilitat$ alike by 8 co-op]ation & by ! fact t !re is n[ only "o milit>y au?ority to be dealt ) at a /ation in/ead1 possibly1 ( sev]al act+ m or less indep5d5tly ( "o ano!r4 ,,volunte] ,,reviews ,:ile all ^! developm5ts _h be5 proce$+1 ! railway companies _h1 s9ce ! =mation ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps1 giv5 repeat$ evid5ce ( _! capacity to move l>ge bodies ( ,volunte]s ) complete effici5cy4 ,!y specially di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 ?is respect on ! occasion ( ! great ,volunte] reviews held f "t to "t4 ,9 a book entitl$ ,engl&'s ,naval & ,milit>y ,weakness1 7,london1 #ahhb17 ,major ,james ,walt]1 ( ! #d? ,lanca%ire ,artill]y ,volunte]s1 0 highly eulogi/ic ( :at 0 done by ! railways on ! occasion ( ! reviews 9 ,ed9burgh & ,w9dsor 9 #ahha4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,w9dsor review he wrote3-- ,! broad result has be51 s f> z ! railway "p ( ! bus9ess goes1 to prove t x is p]fectly feasible to conc5trate fifty ?\s& m5 f all p>ts ( ! k+dom 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4444 ,! two l9es mo/ conc]n$ 9 ! ,w9dsor review--! ,great ,we/]n & ! ,s\? ,we/]n--c>ri$ out ?is great exp]im5t ) 444 ! regul>ity & dispat* ( ! ,scot* mail4 ,major ,walt] seems to h _h ! idea1 rightly or wrongly1 t ! success ( ?is p]=mance 0 ma9ly due to ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps4 ,he says conc]n+ t body3-- ,n ! lea/ valu$ result ( ! ,w9dsor & ,ed9burgh reviews ( #ahha is ! hav+ introduc$ ) becom+ prom95ce to public k ! necess>y & indisp5sable s]vices ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps4 ,until ^! reviews bore te/imony to ! national importance ( ?is ,corps1 few knew any?+ ( its duties1 or ev5 exi/5ce1 beyond a li/ ( (fic]s record$ 9 ! ,army ,li/4444 ,s9ce ! embodim5t ( ! ,volunte]s ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,transport ,corps has done mu* s]vice1 inv>iably ?or\gh & )\t a hit*4444 ,^! sev]al (fic]s ( ! ,railway ,/aff ,corps set ab\t _! transport "w ( ! #ahha reviews 9 a mann] wor?y ( _! vocation4 ,!y prov$ to ! c\ntry t _! ,corps 0 a reality & necessity4 ,9 #ahic ! au?ors ( ! ,army ,book = ! ,briti% ,empire wrote 7p4 #eca73-- ,!re is e reason to believe t1 9 case ( ! milit>y =ces 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom be+ mobilis$ = ! purposes ( home def5ce1 & be+ conc5trat$ 9 any "p or p>ts ( ! c\ntry = ! purpose ( gu>d+ aga9/ or confront+ an invasion1 ! railway arrangem5ts w\ld "w satisfactorily4 ,! rem>kable success :i* has att5d$ ! conc5tration ( l>ge bodies ( ,volunte]s ga!r$ f all qu>t]s ( ! ,k+dom = milit>y functions & reviews1 on m ?an "o occasion1 has %[n ! extraord9>y capabilities ( ! ,briti% railway sy/em = milit>y transport on a great scale4 ,roll+ /ock is abundant4 ,! m important l9es 9 ,engl& h a d\ble l9e ( rails2 "s h f\r or m rails4 ,gradi5ts1 moreov]1 z a rule are easy1 an important po9t1 s9ce troop tra9s are v heavy4 ,,! ,,s\? ,,african ,,w> ,:ile no "o 0 likely to dispute ^! conclusions1 x _h to be rememb]$ t ! transport by rail ev5 ( exceptionally l>ge bodies ( ,volunte]s1 c>ry+ _! rifles only1 0 a v diff]5t matt] f ! conveyance1 "u conditions ( great pressure1 ( l>ge =ces ( troops accompani$ by horses1 guns1 ammunition1 road wagons1 /ores & o!r necess>ies = prospective actual w>f>e4 ,s ! accept$ capacity ( ! ,briti% railways _h /ill to /& ! te/ ( actual w> conditions1 ) or )\t ! accompanim5t ( invasion2 & ?is te/ 0 appli$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 by ! ,s\? ,african ,w>4 ,! bulk ( ! milit>y traffic on t occasion pass$ ov] ! l9es ( ! ,london & ,s\? ,we/]n ,railway ,company1 troops f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry be+ convey$ by diff]5t r\tes & diff]5t l9es ( railway to ,s\?ampton1 :5ce !y & _! /ores1 etc41 7 %ipp$ to ! ,cape4 ,su* 0 ! magnitude ( ?is traffic t betwe5 ! outbreak ( ! w>1 9 #ahii1 & ! end ( #aijj !re 7 c>ri$ on ! ,london & ,s\? ,we/]n1 & despat*$ f ,s\?ampton1 #f1afj (fic]s2 #bbi1jig m52 #bi1ejj horses2 & #a1jhe :eel$ vehicles4 ,! conveyance ( ?is traffic involv$ ! runn+ ( #a1aed special tra9s1 9 addition to a l>ge numb] ( o!rs c>ry+ baggage1 /ores1 etc4 ,at times ! pressure 0 v great4 ,on ,octob] #bj1 #ahii1 five transports sail$ f ,s\?ampton ) #afg (fic]s & #d1gef m51 besides guns horses & wagons4 ,yet ! :ole ( ! op]ations 7 conduct$ ) p]fect smoo?ness1 !re be+ no ov]tax+ ei!r ( ! railway facilities or ( ! dock accommodation4#cc ,mu* ( ?is smoo?ness ( work+ 0 due to ! fact t ! ,w> ,(fice _h1 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple adopt$ on ! appo9tm5t ( ! ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil1 /ation$ at ,s\?ampton a ,railway ,transport ,(fic] :o 0 to act z a connect+ l9k1 or int]m$i>y1 betwe5 ! railway1 ! docks1 ! milit>y & ! ,admiralty au?orities1 co-ord9at+ _! requirem5ts1 sup]9t5d+ ! arrivals by tra91 arrang+ = & direct+ ! emb>kation ( ! troops & _! equipm5t 9 ! transports allott$ to !m1 & prev5t+ any ( t confusion :i* o!rwise might well h aris54 ,simil> (fic]s _h also be5 /ation$ by ! ,w> ,(fice at lead+ railway /ations ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry to ensure co-op]ation betwe5 ! milit>y & ! railway /affs &1 :ile avoid+ ! possibility ( friction or complications1 facilitate ! h&l+ ( ! milit>y traffic4 ,9 ! acc\nt to be giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ( ,railways 9 ! ,bo] ,w>1 x w be %[n t a l c\rse 0 pursu$ 9 ,s\? ,africa = ! duration ( ! campaign4 ,,army ,,manoeuvres ,,( #aiab ,fur!r evid5ce z to :at ! ,briti% railways 7 capable ( accompli%+ 0 af=d$ by ! ,army ,manoeuvres 9 ,ea/ ,anglia 9 #aiab4 ,?is ev5t also con/itut$ a mu* m sev]e te/ ?an ! ,volunte] reviews ( =m] days1 s9ce x meant n only ! assembl+1 9 ! manoeuvre area1 ( f\r divisions ( ! ,army & "s ?\s&s ( ,t]ritorials1 b ! transport1 at %ort notice1 & )9 a limit$ p]iod1 ( _m horses1 guns1 transport wagons1 etc41 toge!r ) consid]able quantities ( /ores4 ,c]ta9 sections ( ! traffic 7 dealt ) by ! ,great ,nor!rn & ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,companies2 b ! bulk ( x 0 h&l$ by ! ,great ,ea/]n & 0 c>ri$ 9 ne>ly #bjj troop tra9s1 consi/+ 9 all ( ab\t #d1jjj vehicles4 ,( ^! tra9s #ej p] c5t4 />t$ be=e or exactly to "t1 :ile ! o!rs 7 only a few m9utes late 9 leav+ ! /ation4 ,su* 0 ! regul>ity & g5]al effici5cy ) :i* ! "w ( transportation 0 c>ri$ out t 9 ! c\rse ( an address to ! ,g5]als1 at ,cambridge1 8 ,maje/y ! ,k+ ref]r$ to ! rapid conc5tration ( troops by rail1 )\t dislocat+ ! ord9>y civilian traffic1 z "o ( ! special features ( ! manoeuvres4 ,! disp]sal ( ! =ces on ! conclusion ( ! manoeuvres 0 effect$ 9 a little ov] two days1 & con/itut$ ano!r sm>t piece ( "w4#cd ,a ,,railways ,,executive ,,committee ,9 view ( all su* te/imony & ( all su* actual a*ievem5ts1 !re 0 no reason to d\bt t ! railway companies1 ) _! great res\rces 9 mat]ial & p]sonnel1 & ) ! excell5ce ( _! own organisation1 w\ld !mselves be able to respond promptly & effectively to su* dem&s z might be made ^u !m 9 a "t ( national em]g5cy4 ,!re /ill rema9$1 h[ev]1 ! s+ul> fact t al?\gh1 s f> back z #ahga1 ! ,gov]nm5t _h acquir$ p[] ( control ov] ! railways1 9 ! ev5t ( an em]g5cy aris+1 a p]iod ( =ty ye>s _h elaps$ )\t any action be+ tak5 to create1 ev5 z a precaution>y measure1 ! adm9i/rative ma*9]y by :i* t control w\ld be ex]cis$ by ! ,/ate4 ,su* ma*9]y _h be5 p]fect$ 9 ,g]many1 ,france1 & o!r c\ntries1 b 9 ,engl& x _h /ill to be provid$4 ,n only _h section #af ( ! ,act ( #ahga rema9$ practically a dead lett]1 b ev5 ! fact t x exi/$ did n seem to be kn[n to s prom95t a railway manag] z ,sir ,george ,f9dlay :5 he wrote ,work+ & ,managem5t ( an ,engli% ,railway & ! article he contribut$ to ! ,unit$ ,s]vice ,magaz9e ( ,april1 #ahib1 8 assumption t ! ,/ate w\ld control ! railways 9 "t ( w> be+ bas$1 n on ! ,act ( #ahga--:i* he fail$ to m5tion--b on ! ,act ( #ahhh1 :i* simply gives a "r ( priority to milit>y traffic1 "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,not)/&+1 too1 ! draft s*eme spok5 ( by ,sir ,george ,f9dlay1 "u :i* ! op]ation ( ! railways 0 to be entru/$1 9 case ( em]g5cy1 to ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps1 t body &1 also1 ! ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil1 cont9u$ to occupy a purely advisory position4 ,s x 0 cle>ly desirable to supplem5t ! recogniz$ effici5cy ( ! railways !mselves by ! creation ( a c5tral executive body :i*1 :5ev] ! ,/ate assum$ control ( ! railways1 "u ! ,act ( #ahga1 w\ld 7#a7 secure ! necess>y co-op]ation betwe5 ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts & ! railway managem5ts2 7#b7 ensure ! work+ ( ! v>i\s railway sy/ems on a national basis2 & 7#c7 co-ord9ate su* v>i\s ne$s z naval & milit>y movem5ts to or f all p>ts ( ! ,k+dom2 coal supply = ! ,fleet2 transport ( munitions2 ! requirem5ts ( ! civil population1 etc4 ,! necessity = ?is ma*9]y--:i* c\ld n possibly be creat$ at a mom5t's notice--became /ill m app>5t 9 ! autumn ( #aiaa1 & /eps 7 tak5 to provide :at 0 s obvi\sly a miss+ l9k 9 ! exi/+ organisation4 ,?us x 0 t 9 #aiab ! ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil 0 succe$$ by a ,railways ,executive ,committee :i*1 con/itut$ ( ! g5]al manag]s ( lead+ railway companies1 0 to prep>e plans ) a view to facilitate ! work+ ( ! provisions ( ! ,act ( #ahga1 & w\ld1 also1 9 ! ev5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t assum+ control ov] ! railways ( ,great ,brita91 "u ! provisions ( t ,act1 con/itute ! executive body = work+ !m on behalf ( ! ,/ate1 becom+ ! recognis$ int]m$i>y 7#a7 = receiv+ ! in/ructions ( ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts 9 respect to milit>y & naval requirem5ts2 & 7#b7 = tak+ ! necess>y measures 9 ord] to give effect to !m ?r\gh ! individual companies1 ea* ( :i*1 subject to ! in/ructions x receiv$ f ! ,committee1 w\ld reta9 ! managem5t ( its own l9e4 ,9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple ?us adopt$1 x 0 ?r\gh ! ,railways ,executive ,committee t ! ,gov]nm5t1 subject to c]ta9 f9ancial arrangem5ts :i* ne$ n be dealt ) "h1 e/abli%$ _! control ov] ! railways ( ,great ,brita9 on ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aiad1 ! ann\ncem5t to ?is effect issu$ f ! ,w> ,(fice1 "u date ,augu/ #d1 /at+3-- ,an ,ord] 9 ,c\ncil has be5 made "u ,section #af ( ! ,regulation ( ! ,=ces ,act1 #ahga1 decl>+ t x is exp$i5t t ! ,gov]nm5t %\ld h control ov] ! railroads 9 ,great ,brita94 ,?is control w be ex]cis$ ?r\gh an ,executive ,committee compos$ ( g5]al manag]s ( railways :i* has be5 =m$ = "s "t1 & has prep>$ plans ) a view to facilitat+ ! work+ ( ?is ,act4 ,9 a notification issu$ by ! ,executive ,committee1 ( :i* ! (ficial *airman 0 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade & ! act+ *airman 0 ,mr4 7n[ ,sir ,h]b]t ,a47 ,walk]1 g5]al manag] ( ! ,london & ,s\? ,we/]n ,railway1 x 0 fur!r /at$3-- ,! control ( ! railways has be5 tak5 ov] by ! ,gov]nm5t = ! purpose ( ensur+ t ! railways1 locomotives1 roll+ /ock & /aff %all be us$ z "o complete unit 9 ! be/ int]e/s ( ! ,/ate = ! movem5t ( troops1 /ores & food supplies4444 ,! /aff on ea* railway w rema9 "u ! same control z h]et(ore1 & w receive _! in/ructions ?r\gh ! same *annels z 9 ! pa/4 ,z ev5tually con/itut$1 ! ,committee consi/$ ( ! foll[+ g5]al manag]s3--,mr4 ,d4 ,a4 ,ma!son1 ,cal$onian ,railway2 ,sir ,sam ,fay1 ,great ,c5tral ,railway2 ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,d5t1 ,great ,nor!rn ,railway2 ,mr4 ,f4 ,pott]1 ,great ,we/]n ,railway2 ,mr4 ,guy ,cal?rop1 ,london & ,nor? ,we/]n ,railway2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,f4 ,asp9all1 ,lanca%ire & ,york%ire ,railway2 ,sir ,h]b]t ,a4 ,walk]1 ,london & ,s\? ,we/]n ,railway2 ,sir ,william ,=bes1 ,london1 ,brighton & ,s\? ,coa/ ,railway2 ,sir ,guy ,granet1 ,midl& ,railway2 ,sir ,a4 ,k4 ,butt]wor?1 ,nor? ,ea/]n ,railway1 & ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,d5t1 ,s\? ,ea/]n & ,*a?am ,railway1 ) ,mr4 ,gilb]t ,s4 ,szlump] z secret>y4 #ahfj ,,& #aiad ,su*1 !n1 0 ! f9al outcome ( a movem5t :i*1 />t$ 9 #ahfj1 by individual ef=t1 z ! result ( an expect$ invasion ( ,engl& by ,france1 01 9 #aiad1 & aft] und]go+ gradual ?\gh cont9u\s developm5t1 to play an important "p on behalf ( ! nation 9 help+ ,france h]self1 n[ ,engl&'s *]i%$ ,ally1 to resi/ ! invad] ( h] own fair t]ritory4 ,) :at smoo?ness ! transport ( our troops 0 conduct$ _c yet be told 9 detail2 b ! facts "h n>rat$ w %[ t ! success atta9$ 0 ma9ly due to ?ree all-important factors1--7#a7 ! effici5cy ( ! railway organisation2 7#b7 ! will+ness ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 on assum+ control ( ! railways "u ! ,act ( #ahga1 to leave _! managem5t 9 ! h&s ( railway m52 & 7#c7 ! ready adoption1 alike by ! railway int]e/s & by ,/ate dep>tm5ts1 ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciple en=c$ by a succession ( w>s f ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> ( #ahfa-fe d[nw>ds1--t 9 ! conduct ( milit>y rail transport !re %\ld be1 9 ea* ( its v>i\s /ages1 int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! milit>y & ! railway te*nical elem5ts1 co-ord9at+ _! mutual requirem5ts1 con/itut+ ! recognis$ & only *annel = ord]s & in/ructions1 & ensur+1 z f> z prud5ce1 =esight & human skill c devise1 ! p]fect work+ ( s delicate & complicat$ an in/rum5t z ! railway ma*9e4 ,,railway ,,troops ,:ile ,g]many1 inspir$ by ! ,am]ican example1 _h begun ! creation ( special bodies ( ,railway ,troops 9 #ahff1 x 0 n until #ahhb t a l c\rse 0 adopt$ 9 ,engl&4 ,prior to ! la/-m5tion$ ye> x 01 possibly1 ?\ght t ! lab\r bran* ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps w\ld suffice to meet requirem5ts 9 reg>d to ! de/ruction or ! re-e/abli%m5t ( railways at home 9 ! ev5t ( invasion2 b ! arrangem5ts ( ! ,corps did n provide = ! supply ( m5 to take up railway con/ruction & op]ation on ! occasion ( milit>y exp$itions to o!r c\ntries4 ,x 0 ?is p>ticul> ne$ t l$1 9 ! summ] ( #ahhb1 to ! conv]sion ( ! #h? ,company ( ,royal ,eng9e]s into ! #h? 7,railway7 ,company1 ,r4,e41 ! occasion !re=e be+ ! dispat* ( an exp$ition>y =ce "u ,sir ,g>net 7aft]w>ds ,"l7 ,wolseley to ,egypt1 :]e ! necessity = railway "w ( v>i\s k9ds 0 likely to arise4 ,?is pione] corps ( ,briti% ,railway ,troops 0 =m$ ( sev5 (fic]s1 "o w>rant (fic]1 two bugl]s1 & n9ety-sev5 ,n4,c4,o4's & sapp]s4 ,s con/itut$1 x 0 ?\ght bett] adapt$ = railway "w "u conditions ( active s]vice ?an a body ( civilian railwaym5 w\ld be4 ,!re c]ta9ly 0 ! disadvantage t ^? con/itut+ ! #h? 7 n !n pr(ici5t 9 railway matt]s2 b1 be=e !y left1 bo? (fic]s & m5 7 giv5 ! run ( ! ,london1 ,*a?am & ,dov] ,railway l9es1 & 7 !re enabl$ to pick up :at !y c\ld ( railway work+ 9 ! locomotive & traffic dep>tm5ts1 :ile on ! ,london & ,s\? ,we/]n & ! ,s\? ,ea/]n ,railways !y 7 initiat$1 z f> z c\ld be done 9 ! "t1 into ! art ( platelay+4 ,! ,corps took out to ,egypt f\r small tank locomotives2 two fir/-class1 two second-class & six ?ird-class c>riages2 =ty cattle trucks2 f\r brake vans2 two travell+ cranes2 two breakd[n vans1 & five miles ( p]man5t way1 complete1 ) accessories1 tools1 etc4 ,excell5t "w 0 done 9 c>ry+ on regul> tra9 s]vices1 repair+ damag$ track1 etc41 runn+ an arm\r$ tra91 con/ruct+ supplem5t>y %ort l9es1 & convey+ troops1 sick & w\nd$1 & /ores1 ! practical utility ( su* an addition to ! eng9e]+ =ces ( ! ,army be+ ?us fully assur$4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahhe1 ! #aj? ,company1 ,royal ,eng9e]s1 0 conv]t$ into ! #aj? 7,railway7 ,company1 & s5t to ,egypt to assi/ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! !n contemplat$ ,suak9-,b]b] l9e1 to :i* fur!r ref]5ce w be made 9 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,bo? companies also r5d]$ good s]vice 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>4 ,accord+ to ! ,manual ( ,milit>y ,railways1 issu$ ) ,army ,ord]s dat$ ,m>* #a/1 #ahhi1 ! duties likely to be requir$ f ! ,royal ,eng9e]s ) reg>d to railways are z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,lay+1 work+1 & ma9ta9+ a milit>y l9e ( railway betwe5 two places2 7#b7 re/or+ an exi/+ l9e :i* has be5 damag$ or de/roy$ by an enemy2 7#c7 de/roy+ an exi/+ l9e z mu* z possible ) a giv5 numb] ( m5 & 9 a specifi$ "t1 & 7#d7 work+ & ma9ta9+ an exi/+ l9e4 ,! ,manual itself gave mu* te*nical in=mation z to ! con/ruction1 ma9t5ance1 de/ruction & work+ ( railways4 ,x 0 re-issu$ by ! ,w> ,(fice 9 #ahih z ,"p ,,vi ( ,in/ruction 9 ,milit>y ,eng9e]+1 & 0 /at$ to embody a portion ( ! c\rse ( in/ruction 9 railways at ! s*ool ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+1 ,*a?am4 ,9 ! ,manual ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+1 issu$ by ! ,g5]al ,/aff ( ! ,w> ,(fice 9 #aije1 in/ructions are giv5 7,*ap4 ,,xvii1 p>s4 #bch-bdd7 on ! ha/y demolition1 )\t explosives1 ( railways1 /ations1 build+s1 roll+ /ock1 p]man5t way1 wat] supply1 etc42 & 9 ,*apt] ,,xxiii1 ,railways & ,telegraphs1 ! /atem5t is made t-- ,! duties likely to be requir$ ( troops 9 ! field ) reg>d to railways 7ap>t f l>ge railway s*emes1 = :i* special arrangem5ts w\ld be necess>y17 may be consid]$ z ei!r tempor>y repairs or ! lay+ ( %ort l5g?s ( l9e to jo9 up breaks1 ! con/ruction ( additional works1 su* z plat=ms1 etc41 to adapt ! l9e = milit>y use1 or ! demolition ( an exi/+ l9e4 ,detail$ in=mation is giv51 = ! b5efit ( ,r4,e4 (fic]s1 conc]n+ railway con/ruction1 repair & recon/ruction1 & ! ma9 pr9ciples on :i* su* "w %\ld be c>ri$ out = milit>y purposes are expla9$4 ,! be/ sy/em to adopt = ! effect+ ( rapid repairs is said to be t ( e/abli%+ con/ruction tra9s4 ,! recon/ruction /aff live 9 ^! tra9s1 :i* rapidly advance along ! l9e z x is be+ repair$1 convey+1 also1 ! necess>y mat]ial4 ,! peace tra9+#ce ( ! ,companies includes3 reconnaissance1 survey & f9al location ( a railway2 lay+ out /ation y>ds2 lay+ out deviations2 rapid lay+ ( n>r[-gauge milit>y l9es2 con/ruction ( all k9ds ( railway bridges2 signal in/allation2 wat] supply2 repairs to telegraphs & telephones necess>y = work+ con/ruction l9es2 work+ ( electric block in/rum5ts2 fitt+ up arm\r$ tra9s2 con/ruction ( tempor>y plat=ms1 & work+ & ma9t5ance ( con/ruction tra9s4 ,in/ruction 9 reconnaissance & survey "w is giv5 to (fic]s :ile at head-qu>t]s1 & a c]ta9 numb] ( ,n4,c4,o4's & m5 are also in/ruct$ 9 railway survey "w4 ,p>ties1 ea* comm&$ by an (fic]1 are s5t to c>ry out a reconnaissance & f9al location ( a railway betwe5 two po9ts ab\t =ty miles ap>t on ! assumption t x is an unmapp$ c\ntry1 & complete maps & sections are prep>$4 ,! ,companies h also und]tak5 ! con/ruction & ma9t5ance ( ! ,woolm] ,in/ructional ,milit>y ,railway1--a #d ft4 #h 94 gauge milit>y l9e1 ab\t six miles 9 l5g?1 connect+ ,bordon 7,london & ,s\? ,we/]n ,railway7 ) ,longmore ,camp4 ,all ! plant necess>y = railway "w & work%ops = ! repair ( roll+ /ock are provid$ at ,longmore4 ,9 "t ( w> ! *ief duties ( a ,railway ,company1 ,r4,e41 w\ld be to survey1 con/ruct1 repair & demoli% railways & to "w con/ruction & arm\r$ tra9s4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,african campaign1 :5 ! milit>y _h to op]ate ! railways ( :i* !y took possession 9 ! enemy's c\ntry1 "s difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 obta9+ f ! ranks ( ! ,army a suffici5t numb] ( m5 capable ( work+ ! l9es4 ,z ! result ( ^! conditions1 x 0 arrang$1 9 #aijc1 betwe5 ! ,w> ,(fice & c]ta9 ( ! ,briti% railway companies t ! latt] %\ld af=d facilities 9 _! locomotive dep>tm5ts & work%ops = ! tra9+ ( a numb] ( non-commission$ (fic]s & m5 z driv]s1 firem5 & me*anics1 7capable ( c>ry+ out repairs17 9 ord] to qualify !m bett] = railway "w 9 ! field1 9 case ( ne$4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 c>ri$ out d[n to ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aiad4 ,! p]iod ( tra9+ la/$ ei!r six or n9e mon?s4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! rais+ ( any lab\r difficulties1 no wages 7 giv5 dur+ ?is p]iod to ,army m5 :o 7 already receiv+ ,army pay z soldi]s1 b a bonus 0 grant$ to !m by ! railway companies1 :5 !y left1 on _! obta9+ f ! head ( ! dep>tm5t to :i* !y _h be5 atta*$ a c]tificate ( _! effici5cy4 ,,/rategical ,,railways ,! subject ( /rategical railways w be dealt )1 bo? g5]ally & 9 special ref]5ce to _! con/ruction 9 ,g]many1 9 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,9 reg>d to ,great ,brita9 x may be said t ! position z expla9$ by ,sir ,george ,f9dlay 9 8 article 9 ! ,unit$ ,s]vice ,magaz9e = ,april1 #ahib1 is t :il/ ,cont95tal c\ntries h be5 sp5d+ l>ge sums ( money on ! build+ ( /rategical l9es = ! def5ce ( _! fronti]s1 7or1 he might h add$1 = ! invasion1 9 "s in/ances1 ( _! neighb\rs' t]ritory17 ,great ,brita91 m =tunate1 possesses already a sy/em ( railways :i*1 ?\gh con/ruct$ entirely by private ent]prise1 c\ld n1 ev5 if !y _h be5 laid out ) a view to national def5ce1 h be5 bett] adapt$ = ! purpose1 s9ce !re are duplicat$ l9es direct$ f ! great c5tres ( population & ( milit>y activity ^u e po9t ( ! coa/1 :ile !re are l9es skirt+ ! coa/ 9 e direction1 nor?1 ea/1 s\? & we/4 ,"s ye>s ago !re 7 c]ta9 critics :o recomm5d$ ! build+ ( l9es1 = /rategical purposes1 along sections ( our coa/ :i* ! ord9>y railways did n directly s]ve2 b ! real necessity = su* l9es 0 que/ion$1 ! m s because ! transport ( troops by rail on su* %ort-di/ance j\rneys z ^? t w\ld h be5 "h 9 "q might1 ) ! m>*+ to & f ! railway & ! "t occupi$ 9 entra9+ & detra9+1 take long] ?an if ! troops ei!r m>*$ all ! way1 or 79 ! ev5t ( !re be+ only a small =ce7 if !y w5t by motor vehicles to ! coa/4 ,"o po9t t 01 inde$1 likely to arise 9 connection ) ! movem5t ( troops 0 ! provision ( facilities = _! ready transf] f "o railway sy/em to ano!r1 )\t *ange ( c>riage1 :5 mak+ cross-c\ntry j\rneys or travell+1 = in/ance1 f ! ,nor? or ! ,midl&s to ports 9 ! ,s\?4 ,we h se5 t 9 ,france _m su* l9ks 7 e/abli%$1 subsequ5t to ! w> ( #ahgj-ga1 expressly = /rategical reasons2 b 9 ,great ,brita9 a l result has be5 atta9$1 ap>t f milit>y consid]ations1 f ! fact t "s ye>s ago ! diff]5t railway companies e/abli%$ physical connections betwe5 _! diff]5t sy/ems ) a view to ! ready transf] ( ord9>y traffic4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! necessity arose = a spe$y mobilisation1 or = ! transport ( troops f any "p ( ,great ,brita9 to any p>ticul> port = an ov]seas de/9ation1 ! necess>y facilities = ?r\gh j\rneys by rail1 9 ! %orte/ possible "t1 already exi/$4 ,9 effect1 ! ne>e/ approa* to purely /rategical l9es 9 ,great ,brita9 is to be f\nd1 p]haps1 9 ^? :i* connect milit>y camps ) ! ord9>y railways2 yet1 :ile ^! p>ticul> l9es may h be5 built to s]ve a milit>y purpose1 !y approximate less to /rategical railways prop]1 z und]/ood 9 ,g]many1 ?an to bran* l9es & sid+s con/ruct$ to meet ! special ne$s ( "s l>ge indu/rial conc]n4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! attitude ( ,p>liam5t & ( ,briti% au?orities 9 g5]al has n be5 sympa!tic to sugge/ions ( /rategical railways1 ev5 :5 proposals put =w>d h _h ! support ( ! ,w> ,(fice itself4 ,?is t5d5cy 0 well %[n 9 connection ) ! ,nor!rn ,junction ,railway s*eme :i* 0 inquir$ into by a ,select ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 #aiac4 ,"u ! s*eme 9 "q1 a railway 0 to be con/ruct$ f ,br5t=d1 on ! we/ ( ,london1 to ,wood ,gre51 on ! nor?1 pass+ ?r\gh ,acton1 ,eal+1 ,wembley ,p>k1 ,hamp/ead & ,f9*ley1 & e/abli%+ connections ) & betwe5 sev]al ( ! exi/+ ma9-l9e sy/ems4 ,9 ?is respect x comp>$ ) ^? out] circle railway sy/ems :i*1 z a fur!r result ( ! w> ( #ahgj-ga1 7 expressly design$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t = ! bett] def5ce ( ,p>is4 ,! ,nor!rn ,junction s*eme 0 introduc$ to ! ,select ,committee z "o :i*1 among o!r consid]ations1 w\ld be important f a milit>y po9t ( view = mov+ troops f "o po9t to ano!r )\t tak+ !m ?r\gh ,london4 ,lieut4-,g5]al ,sir ,j4 ,s4 ,c[ans1 ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al1 a memb] ( ! ,army ,c\ncil responsible = ! movem5t ( troops1 & deput$ by ! ,secret>y = ,w> to give evid5ce1 said3 ,! propos$ l9e w\ld be a great advantage 9 "t ( em]g5cy if x 0 con/ruct$ 9 its entirety4 ,! ,army ,c\ncil felt t x w\ld provide important r\tes betwe5 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& & ,ea/ ,anglia & ! ,nor?4 ,at pres5t tra9s _h to come f ,ald]%ot to ,clapham ,junction by ! ,s\?-,we/]n l9e1 & be !re brok5 up & s5t ov] conge/$ ,city l9es on to ! ,great ,nor!rn4 ,by ! propos$ l9e milit>y tra9s c\ld be h&l$ )\t divid+ !m & be transf]r$ to ! ,great ,nor!rn or ,great ,ea/]n )\t be+ s5t ov] ! conge/$ ,city l9es4 ,/rong opposition 0 (f]$1 h[ev]1 on ! gr\nd t ! con/ruction ( ! l9e w\ld d irrep>able damage to ! am5ities ( ! ,hamp/ead ,g>d5 ,suburb2 &1 aft] a sitt+ :i* ext5d$ ov] sev]al days1 ! ,committee ?rew out ! ,bill1 ! ,*airman subsequ5tly admitt+ t !y _h be5 influ5c$ v l>gely by ! objection ( ! ,hamp/ead ,g>d5 ,suburb4 ,9 #aiad ! s*eme 0 introduc$ afre% into ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ) c]ta9 modifications1 ! propos$ l9e ( r\te no long] pass+ ?r\gh ! ,hamp/ead ,g>d5 ,suburb1 ?\gh ne> to x4 ,"o memb] ( ! ,h\se said he _h collaborat$ 9 promot+ ! ,bill because he mo/ e>ne/ly believ$ ?is railway 0 ( vital import to ! mobilisation ( our troops 9 "t ( em]g5cy2 b ano!r decl>$ t ! alleg$ milit>y necessity = ! railway 0 all fudge1 :ile mu* 0 n[ said z to ! p]nici\s effect ! l9e w\ld h on ! highly-desirable resid5tial di/rict ( ,f9*ley4 ,9 ! result /rategical consid]ations 7 aga9 set aside1 & ! ,h\se reject$ ! ,bill by a majority ( sev5ty-sev54 ,,footnotes3 #bi ,colonel ,mc,murdo _h special qualifications = ! po/4 ,becom+ a ,lieut5ant-,colonel 9 ! ,army 9 ,octob]1 #ahec1 he 0 ,assi/ant-,adjutant-,g5]al at ,dubl9 f ,may1 #ahed1 to ,janu>y1 #ahee4 ,on ,febru>y #b1 #ahee1 he 0 entru/$ ) ! duties ( ,director-,g5]al ( ! new ,l&-,transport ,corps1 & 0 s5t out to ! ,crimea1 ) ! local rank ( ,colonel1 to reorganize ! transport s]vice1 !n 9 a deplorably defective condition4 ,he is said to h accompli%$ ?is task ) great en]gy & success4 ,be=e ! close ( ! campaign 8 corps numb]$ #ag1jjj m51 ) #bh1jjj horses1 mules1 etc4 ,he also took ov] ! work+ ( ! pione] milit>y railway 9 ! ,crimea4 ,9 #aheg ! ,l&-,transport ,corps 0 conv]t$ into ! ,milit>y ,tra91 ) ,colonel ,mc,murdo z ,colonel-,comm&ant4 ,e>ly 9 #ahfj1 :5 ! ,volunte] movem5t 0 assum+ a p]man5t "*1 ,colonel ,mc,murdo 0 appo9t$ ,inspector ( ,volunte]s1 & 9 ,june ( ! same ye> he became ,inspector-,g5]al1 a po/ he reta9$ until ,janu>y1 #ahfe4 ,he 0 *os5 z ,colonel ( ! ,inns ( ,c\rt ,volunte]s on ,janu>y #bc1 #ahfe1 & 8 fur!r appo9tm5t to ! po/ ( ,colonel ( ! newly-=m$ ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps foll[$1 z /at$ above1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahfe4 ,he 0 creat$ ,k4,c4,b4 9 #ahha & ,g4,c4,b4 9 #ahic4 ,he di$ 9 #ahid4 #cj ,! names ( pres5t memb]s ( ! ,corps w be f\nd 9 ,h>t's ,army ,li/4 ,"u ! ,t]ritorial & ,res]ve ,=ces ,act ( #aijg ! ,corps became "p ( ! ,t]ritorial ,=ce1 & ! designation ,volunte] 0 dropp$ f its title1 :i* s9ce t date has be5 ,! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps4 #ca ,! ,conveyance ( ,troops by ,railway4 ,by ,col4 ,j4 ,s4 ,ro?well1 ,r4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,milit>y ,adm9i/ration1 ,/aff ,college1 ,unit$ ,s]vice ,magaz9e1 ,dec41 #ahia1 & ,jan41 #ahib4 #cb ,detail$ in=mation z to ! capacity ( ,briti% roll+ /ock2 composition ( tra9s requir$ = units at w> /r5g?2 truck space tak5 up by ,army vehicles2 /&>d =ms ( reports on exi/+ railways1 & o!r matt]s1 is publi%$ 9 ! (ficial publication kn[n z ,railway ,manual 7,w>74 #cc ,! ,railway ,magaz9e1 ,may1 #aija4 #cd ,= details z to ! nature ( ! organisation by :i* ^! results 7 effect$1 see an article on ,! ,great ,ea/]n ,railway & ! ,army ,manoeuvres 9 ,ea/ ,anglia--#aiab1 by ,h4 ,j4 ,pry!r*1 9 ! ,great ,ea/]n ,railway ,magaz9e = ,novemb]1 #aiab4 ,9 ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway ,magaz9e = ,novemb]1 #aiji1 !re are giv51 "u ! head+1 ,! ,transport ( an ,army1 "s details conc]n+ ! milit>y transport on ! ,great ,we/]n sy/em dur+ ! ,army manoeuvres ( t ye>4 ,! traffic convey$ 01 approximately1 #ead (fic]s1 #ad1eeb m51 #bjh (fic]s' horses1 #b1dgd troop horses1 #be guns1 #cd limb]s1 & #eha wagons & c>ts4 ,! milit>y au?orities & ! ,army contractors1 x is said1 express$ _! pleasure at ! mann] 9 :i* ! "w 0 p]=m$ by ! ,company's /aff4 #ce ,g5]al ,pr9ciples1 ,organisation & ,equipm5t ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,royal ,eng9e]s ,j\rnal1 ,febru>y1 #aiaj4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,milit>y ,,railways ,by ! expression milit>y railways is meant l9es ( railways :i*1 z di/9ct f comm]cial l9es s]v+ public purposes1 h be5 design$ expressly = milit>y use4 ,! fact t any l9e =m+ "p ( ! ord9>y railway sy/em ( ! c\ntry is employ$ = ! conveyance ( troops ei!r direct to ! !atre ( w> or to "s port = emb>kation !refrom does n con/itute t l9e a milit>y railway1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 :atev] ! ext5t ( its use = milit>y transport = ! "t be+4 ,su* l9e rema9s a comm]cial railway1 all ! same1 & ! application to x ( ! designation milit>y is errone\s4 ,milit>y railways prop] fall ma9ly into two gr\ps--7#a7 field or siege railways1 con/ruct$ on ! !atre ( w> = mov+ heavy guns1 plat=m mat]ials1 etc41 to _! position2 convey+ ammunition & supplies to siege batt]ies1 magaz9es1 advanc$ tr5*es or bombpro(s2 br++ up re9=cem5ts rapidly 9 case ( a sortie2 convey+ work+-p>ties to & f _! "w2 remov+ sick & w\nd$ to ! re>1 & o!r k9dr$ purposes1 ! loads be+ g5]ally haul$ by animals1 by gasol9e motor or by m52 & 7#b7 supply railways1 specially con/ruct$ to convey troops1 /ores1 etc41 f ! base to ! front1 9 "t ( w>1 or f an ord9>y ma9-l9e railway to a milit>y camp or dept 9 "t ( peace1 :]e local l9es ( railway are n available = ! purpose4 ,^! two ma9 gr\ps include v>i\s types ( railways com+ "u "o or ! o!r designation1 & rang+ f a v light portable tramway1 put d[n at express spe$ to s]ve an em]g5cy1 & work$ by small eng9es1 mules or horses1 to sub/antially built l9es1 ( /&>d gauge1 design$ bo? to be work$ by locomotives & to c>ry ! l>ge/ possible numb] ( troops or am\nt ( freight4 ,9 any case1 ! details ( con/ruction1 equipm5t & op]ation ( a milit>y railway v>y f ^? ( a comm]cial railway s9ce ! "o w\ld be int5d$ to s]ve only a specific & possibly tempor>y purpose1 9 ! atta9m5t ( :i* ! "q ( spe$ w\ld be a second>y consid]ation1 :]eas ! o!r w\ld require to assume a p]man5t =m1 be capable ( high] spe$s1 & af=d adequate gu>antee ( safety = ! public1 by :om x w\ld be us$4 ,! build+1 also1 ( a milit>y railway may be1 & g5]ally is1 c>ri$ out by a corps ( ,railway ,troops to :i* are specially delegat$ ! duties ( lay+1 work+1 ma9ta9+1 repair+1 re/or+ or de/roy+ railways2 &1 provid$ ! desir$ l9es 7 built ) suffici5t dispat*1 & answ]$ ! desir$ purpose1 ! milit>y comm&]s :o w\ld alone be conc]n$ might well be satisfi$4 ,9 _m diff]5t ways ! resort to milit>y railways1 :atev] _! p>ticul> type1 has greatly ext5d$ ! range ( advantages to be ga9$ f ! application ( rail-p[] to w>4 ,a full record ( all t has be5 accompli%$ 9 ?is direction c\ld h>dly be attempt$ "h2 b a few typical examples ( :at has be5 done 9 ?is direction--?\gh n always ) conspicu\s success--may be (f]$4 ,,! ,,crimean ,,w> ,! e>lie/ in/ance ( a purely milit>y railway be+ con/ruct$ to s]ve ! purpose ( a campaign occurr$ 9 ! ,crimean ,w>2 &1 al?\gh ! l9e !n made w\ld to-day be reg>d$ z little m ?an an especially ineffici5t apology = a railway1 x 0 look$ ^u at ! "t z a rem>kable innovation 9 w>f>e4 ,x fur!r e/abli%$ a prec$5t de/9$ to be widely foll[$ 9 lat] ye>s4 ,betwe5 ! camp ( ! allies at ,seba/opol & _! base ( supplies at ,balaklava ! di/ance 0 only sev5 or eight miles2 yet 9 ! w9t] ( #ahed-ee ! fatigue p>ties s5t = rations1 clo?+1 fuel1 huts1 ammunition & o!r necess>ies 7 frequ5tly no less ?an twelve h\rs 9 do+ ! return j\rney4 ,! reason 0 t dur+ ! great] "p ( t "t !y 7 fl\nd]+ 9 a sea ( mud4 ,! soil ( ! ,crimea is clay impregnat$ ) salt1 &1 "u ! comb9$ influ5ce ( climatic conditions & heavy traffic1 ! r\te betwe5 camp & base _h be5 conv]t$ into a p]fect quagmire4 ,horses1 mules & c>ts 71 at fir/1 alone available = transport purposes2 b1 al?\gh pl5ty ( animals 7 to be obta9$ 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 only a limit$ numb] c\ld be employ$ by reason ( ! lack ( =age1 a totally inadequate supply hav+ be5 s5t out f ,engl&4 ,z = ! animals t 7 us$1 _! suff]+s1 z ! result ( ^? t]rible j\rneys1 _! own %ortage ( food1 & ! effect ( ! int5se cold on _! half-/>v$ bodies1 7 t]rible4 ,9 ! re> ( ea* ,division1 says ,g5]al ,sir ,edw>d ,hamley1 9 ,! ,w> 9 ! ,crimea1 a scanty gr\p ( mis]able ponies & mules1 ^: backs nev] knew :at x 0 to be quit ( ! saddle1 %iv]$1 & />v$1 & daily di$4 ,!y di$1 also1 on e j\rney to or f ! base4 ,! toil ( go+ ?r\gh ! quagmire ev5 = _! own =age1 or ( br++ x back :5 !y _h got x1 0 too great = !m1 & ! :ole l9e ( r\te 0 m>k$ by _! rema9s4 ,z = ! troops1 !y exp]i5c$ great h>d%ips ow+ to ! inadequate supplies ( provisions & fuel at ! camp1 al?\gh !re might be pl5ty ( bo? at ! base4 ,ap>t f ! physical conditions ( ! roads1 or apologies = roads1 betwe5 ! two po9ts1 ! campaign 0 begun )\t transport arrangem5ts ( any k9d :atev]4 ,a transport corps =m$ = ! ,briti% ,army 9 #agii1 "u ! title ( ! ,royal ,wagon ,tra91 _h be5 disb&$ 9 #ahcc1 &1 :e!r f motives ( economy or because ! ne$ = w> prep>ations 9 "t ( peace 0 n suffici5tly appreciat$1 no o!r corps _h be5 creat$ to take its place4 ,h5ce ! troops s5t to ! ,crimea 7 requir$1 at ! outset1 to look aft] ! transport !mselves1 & 9 _m in/ances !y ev5 _h to d ! "w ( mules & horses4 ,x 0 n until ,janu>y #bd1 #ahee1 t a ,l& ,transport ,corps1 compos$ ( volunte]s f v>i\s arms ( ! s]vice1 0 rais$ by ,royal ,w>rant & began to provide = a defect 9 ! milit>y organisation :i* _h1 9 ! meantime1 involv$ ! allies1 & especially ! ,briti%1 9 sev]e privations ow+ to ! frequ5t %ortage ( supplies4 ,! orig9al int5tion to e/abli% a dept at head-qu>t]s be=e ,seba/opol _h _h to be ab&on$ because ( ! hopelessness ( any attempt to get a suffici5t surplus ( provisions to =m a /ore4 ,su* 7 ! conditions t ! pione] milit>y railway 0 design$ to rem$y4 ,built1 at a v sl[ rate1 by ,engli% contractors1 :o arriv$ at ! ,crimea ) _! m5 & mat]ial dur+ ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 #ahee1 ! l9e 0 a s+le-track "o1 ) a #d feet #h in* gauge4 ,= ! fir/ two miles f ,balaklava x 0 work$ by a locomotive4 ,!n ! trucks 7 drawn up an incl9e1 eight at a "t1 by a /ation>y eng9e4 ,six horses next drew two trucks at a "t up ano!r incl9e4 ,aft] ?is came a fairly level piece ( road1 foll[$ by two gullies :]e ea* wagon 0 deta*$ 9 succession & made to run d[n "o side ( ! gully & up ! o!r by its own mom5tum4 ,!n horses 7 aga9 atta*$ to ! trucks & s drew !m1 f9ally1 to ! end ( ! l9e on ! ,upl&4 ,five locomotives1 ( f #ab to #ah tons weight1 7 provid$1 & !re 7 ab\t =ty ord9>y side-tip balla/ wagons--all entirely unsuitable = use on a milit>y railway4 ,at fir/ ! m5 belong+ to ! contractors' /aff--navvies & o!rs--7 entru/$ ) ! work+ ( ! l9e4 ,! "q _h be5 rais$ z to :e!r _! s]vices %\ld n be made use ( 9 o!r directions1 z well4 ,on _! be+ s5t out f ,engl& ! idea 0 ent]ta9$ t !y might con/ruct tr5*es & batt]ies1 9 addition to build+ ! railway1 & !re 0 a sugge/ion t !y %\ld1 also1 jo9 ! siege p>ties 9 ! attack on ,seba/opol4 ,9 ord] to te/ ! "q 7z record$ by ,major-,g5]al ,:itwor? ,port]1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s71 ,sir ,john ,burgoyne wrote to ,mr4 ,beattie1 pr9cipal eng9e] ( ! ,railway ,dep>tm5t1 ask+ if he w\ld approve ( an invitation be+ giv5 to ! m5 to und]go su* tra9+ z w\ld qualify !m to def5d any position 9 :i* !y might happ5 to be4 ,9 8 answ] ,mr4 ,beattie wrote3-- ,! subject ( y\r lett] 0 v fully & anxi\sly discuss$ 9 ,london be=e ,i left1 & x 0 det]m9$ n to arm ! m54 ,!y 7 consid]$ too valuable to be us$ z soldi]s1 & 7 di/9ctly told t !y w\ld n be call$ ^u to fight4 ,_! value1 h[ev]1 did n /& ! te/ x und]w5t :5 !y 7 call$ on to "w ! railway !y _h built4 ,!y 7 f\nd to be lack+ 9 any s5se ( discipl9e2 !y repeat$ly /ruck "w :5 _! s]vices 7 mo/ urg5tly ne$$1 & !y _h to be got rid ( accord+ly4 ,!y 7 replac$ by m5 f ! ,army ,works ,corps & ! ,l& ,transport ,corps1 !n 9 op]ation 9 ! ,crimea1 & ! memb]s ( ! new /aff--con/itut+ a discipl9$ =ce--work$ admirably4 ,major ,p[ell1 :o became traffic manag] ( ! l9e 9 ,m>*1 #ahee1 & *ief sup]9t5d5t 9 ! foll[+ ,july1 has said conc]n+ !m#cf3-- ,_m lo/ _! lives 9 ! execution ( _! duty4 ,:5 ,i requir$ !m to "w night & day to ?r[ =w>d supplies = ! great /ruggle--! capture ( ,seba/opol--sev]al ( !m rema9$ sev5ty-two h\rs cont9u\sly at "w4 ,! quantities ( ammunition & /ores :i* c\ld be c>ri$ 7 bel[ ! requirem5ts ( ! troops engag$ 9 ! siege op]ations2 b dur+ ! la/ bomb>dm5t ( ,seba/opol--:5 ! l9e 0 work$ cont9u\sly1 night & day1 by a /aff increas$ to ab\t #a1jjj m51 ( :om #djj 7 ,turks--! transport effect$ rose f #bjj tons a day1 ! limit atta9$ "u op]ation by ! undiscipl9$ navvies1 to #gjj tons4 ,! l9e also did excell5t "w on ! re-emb>km5t ( ! troops at ! end ( ! campaign4 ,,am]ican ,,civil ,,w> ,9 ! ,am]ican ,w> ( ,succession1 ! exi/+ l9es ( railway 7 supplem5t$ 9 v>i\s in/ances by surface railroads1 :i* consi/$ ( rails & sleep]s laid on ! ord9>y gr\nd )\t any prep>ation ( a prop] road b$1 yet s]v+ a useful purpose1 not)/&+ ! r\gh & ready way 9 :i* !y 7 put toge!r4 ,,! ,,abyss9ian ,,campaign ,h[ a railway specially con/ruct$ = ! purpose may assi/ a milit>y exp$ition 9 ! prosecution ( a little w> 9 an uncivilis$ c\ntry1 practically devoid ( roads1 & (f]+ great physical difficulties1 0 %[n on ! occasion ( ! ,briti% ,campaign 9 ,abyss9ia 9 #ahfg-fh2 ?\gh ! circum/ances "u :i* ! l9e 9 "q 0 built 7 n 9 !mselves cr$itable to ! au?orities conc]n$4 ,s5t to effect ! release ( ! ,briti% prison]s :om ,k+ ,!odore 0 keep+ 9 captivity at ,magdala1 ! exp$ition "u ,sir ,rob]t ,napi] 7aft]w>ds ,"l ,napi] ( ,magdala7 ent]$ ^u :at 0 to be q z mu* an eng9e]+ z a milit>y exploit4 ,n only 0 ,magdala #cjj miles f ,annesley ,bay1 ! base ( op]ations on ! ,r$ ,sea1 b x /ood1 z a hill =tress1 on a plateau m ?an #i1jjj feet above ! sea-level4 ,to rea* x meant ! con/ruction ( roads 9 ?ree sections4 ,! fir/1 :i*1 9 p>ts1 _h to be cut 9 ! m\nta9 side1 rose to a height ( #g1djj feet 9 #fc miles2 ! second all[$ ( no m ?an a c>t road1 & ! ?ird & f9al /age 0 a m]e m\nta9 track :]e ! only transport possible 0 t ( mules or elephants4 ,:51 9 ,octob]1 #ahfg1 ! advance ,brigade l&$ at ,z\lla1 ! port 9 ,annesley ,bay f :i* ! advance inl& 0 to be made1 !y took ) !m ! mat]ials = "s tramway l9es int5d$ to connect two l&+ pi]s ) ! depts x 0 propos$ to e/abli% a mile inl&4 ,9 ,novemb] ^! plans 7 alt]$ 9 fav\r ( a l9e ( railway1 twelve miles 9 l5g?1 f ! l&+-place to ,koomayleh1 at ! entrance ( ! ,soroo ,pass1 ! r\te to be tak5 by ! exp$ition on its j\rney to ! ,abyss9ian highl&s4 ,all ! necess>y plant 0 to be suppli$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,bombay1 :o also und]took to provide ! lab\r2 b x 0 ! middle ( ,janu>y1 #ahfh1 be=e a real />t c\ld be made ) ! "w4 ,ev5 !n1 z told by ,lieut4 ,willans1 ,r4,e41#cg :o took "p 9 ! exp$ition1 ! progress made 0 extremely sl[4 ,! rails obta9$ f diff]5t railway companies 9 ,india 7 ( five diff]5t patt]ns1 ( odd l5g?s1 & v>y+ 9 weight f #cj lb4 to #fe lb4 a y>d4 ,"s ( !m _h be5 9 use _m ye>s on ! h>b\r works at ,k>a*i1 _h be5 tak5 up & laid d[n sev]al times1 & _h1 also1 be5 b5t to fit %>p curves or cut to suit ! orig9al l9e4 ,"s s+le-flang$ rails _h be5 fitt$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t work%ops at ,bombay ) fi%-plates & bolts2 b ! holes 9 ! plates & rails 7 n at uni=m di/ances1 & ! bolts fitt$ ! holes s tightly z to all[ ( no play4 ,!n1 :5 ! rails arriv$1 no spikes came ) !m1 & )\t spikes !y c\ld n be laid4 ,:5 ! spikes foll[$1 x 0 f\nd t ! augurs = bor+ holes 9 ! sleep]s _h be5 left at ,bombay1 to come on by ano!r %ip2 ?\gh ?is p>ticul> difficulty 0 met by ! artisans ( ! #bcrd ,punjab ,pione] ,regim5t mak+ augurs = !mselves4 ,if ! rails gave mu* tr\ble--& ev5 :5 !y _h be5 laid x 0 no unusual ?+ = !m to break betwe5 two sleep]s & ?r[ ! eng9e (f ! l9e--! locomotives & roll+ /ock caus$ /ill m4 ,six locomotives 7 %ipp$ f ,bombay2 b1 ow+ to ! great difficulty 9 l&+ & ! lab\r involv$ 9 putt+ !m toge!r1 only f\r 7 us$4 ,( ^!1 "o 0 a tank eng9e :i*1 al?\gh j turn$ out f ! railway work%ops at ,bombay1 requir$ new driv+ :eels aft] x _h be5 runn+ a =tnight4 ,ano!r came ) worn-out boil] tubes1 & ^! _h to be replac$ at ,z\lla4 ,! two o!rs1 tank eng9es ) only f\r :eels ea*1 _h previ\sly se5 _m ye>s' s]vice at ,k>a*i4 ,all ! eng9es 7 v light1 weigh+ ) coal & wat] f #af to #bj tons ea*4 ,! be/ ( !m c\ld d no m ?an draw fifte5 small load$ trucks up an incl9e ( "o 9 sixty4 ,! sixty wagons s5t 7 ord9>y trolleys hav+ no spr+s1 no spr+ buff]s & no grease boxes4 ,_! axle-boxes 7 ( ca/ iron1 & wore out )9 a =tnight1 ow+ to ! driv+ s&4 ,z ! railway came into use1 e truck 0 load$ to its fulle/ capacity1 & ! comb9ation ( ?is weight ) ! j>r+ & oscillation on a v r\gh l9e l$ ei!r to ! break+ ( ! c\pl+ *a9s or to ! c\pl+ b>s be+ pull$ f ! wagons at />t+4 ,:5 fre% c\pl+ *a9s 7 ask$ = x 0 f\nd t ! boxes conta9+ !m _h ei!r be5 left beh9d at ,bombay or 7 buri$ b5ea? sev]al hundr$ tons ( o!r supplies on bo>d %ip4 ,at lea/ =ty p] c5t4 ( ! trucks 7 ei!r con/antly "u repair or _h to be put aside z unfit = use4 ,9 ,may a numb] ( op5 wagons ) spr+s & spr+ buff]s arriv$ f ,bombay4 ,"s ( ^! 7 conv]t$ into pass5g] c>riages4 ,difficulties arose 9 o!r directions1 besides4 ,! plant =w>d$ 0 adapt$ to ! ,indian /&>d gauge ( #e feet #f in*es1 & 0 heavy & difficult to h&le1 especially "u ! tr\blesome conditions ( l&+4 ,to-day1 ( c\rse1 a n>r[-gauge railway1 easily dealt )1 w\ld be employ$ 9 circum/ances su* z ^? ( ! ,abyss9ian exp$ition4 ,! ,indian natives :o _h be5 s5t 9 ! fir/ in/ance to con/ruct ! l9e 7 f\nd unsuitable1 & _h to be replac$ by gangs ( ,*9ese pick$ up 9 ,bombay4 ,! latt] work$ well & gave no tr\ble4 ,! c\ntry ?r\gh :i* ! l9e 0 laid 0 timb]less1 if n1 also1 practically wat]less4 ,wells _h to be sunk = ! wat] want$ = ! locomotives & ! work+-p>ties4 ,! heat 0 excessive4 ,! temp]ature at times 0 #ahj degrees ,fahr4 9 ! sun4 ,engli% navvies c\ld n h made ! l9e at all4 ,! two pi]s :]e ! incom+ vessels c\ld alone be unload$ got s conge/$ ) traffic t x 0 only ) ! greate/ tr\ble railway mat]ial c\ld be l&$4 ,use began to be made ( ! l9e z soon z any ( x 0 ready1 & ! traffic at ! %ore end at once became s heavy t x 0 difficult to get mat]ials & supplies ?r\gh to ! con/ruction p>ties at ! o!r end4 ,(fic]s1 also1 :o %\ld h be5 sup]9t5d+ ! con/ruction _h to devote a good deal ( "t1 in/ead1 to details ( op]ation1 or to look+ aft] ! repairs ( roll+ /ock4 ,9 all ^! circum/ances "o _c be surpris$ at ! sl[ rate ( progress made4 ,"o may1 r1 wond] t ! l9e got built at all4 ,z x 01 f\r mon?s 7 sp5t on elev5 miles ( railway1 or a total ( twelve miles includ+ sid+s4 ,!re rema9$ /ill ano!r mile or s to be built :51 at ! end ( ,april1 news arriv$ t ! object ( ! exp$ition _h be5 atta9$1 & t ,magdala _h fall54 ,x 0 !n decid$ n to complete ! l9e1 b to devote all en]gies to prep>+ = ! heavy traffic to be dealt ) 9 ! conveyance ( troops1 baggage & /ores on ! return j\rney4 ,f ! middle ( ,may to ! middle ( ,june ! res\rces ( ! l9e 7 sev]ely tax$2 b a great improvem5t _h be5 made 9 ! work+ arrangem5ts1 & a railway :i* _h involv$ s mu* tr\ble 9 ! mak+ 0 ev5tually f\nd to be ( great practical s]vice4 ,lieut5ant ,willans says ( x3-- ,! ,abyss9ian railway 0 a great success1 if "o may gauge x by ! am\nt ( assi/ance x gave to ! exp$ition1 by ! cel]ity & dispat* ) :i*1 by its aid1 /ores 7 l&$ & br\ght up to ! /ore %$s1 & by ! rapidity & ease ) :i* ! troops & _! baggage 7 br\ght back & re-emb>k$ at once4444 ,z an auxili>y to ! exp$ition1 & z an additional means ( transport1 no "o :o _h any?+ to d 9 connection ) x c h d\bt$ its extreme utility4 ,faulty1 !re=e1 z _h be5 ! conditions "u :i* ! l9e 0 con/ruct$1 ! results nev]!less e/abli%$ def9itely ! pr9ciple t1 9 su* campaigns z ! "o 9 ,abyss9ia1 milit>y railways might s]ve an extremely useful purpose 9 facilitat+ ! transport ( troops & supplies4 ,! ,abyss9ian exp]i5ces did1 h[ev]1 fur!r %[ ! desirability ( any c\ntry likely to f9d itself 9 a position requir+ ! con/ruction ( milit>y railways--z an aid to w>s small or great--creat+ 9 advance an organisation design$ to enable x1 z f> z possible1 to meet promptly :atev] em]g5cy might arise1 )\t ! risk ( hav+ to deal ) defective mat]ial1 unsatisfactory lab\r1 & adm9i/rative mismanagem5t4 ,! same lesson 0 to be en=c$ by o!r exp$itions 9 :i* ,engl& has tak5 "p1 &1 d[n to ! p]iod :5 improvem5ts 9 our sy/em--or lack ( sy/em--began to be effect$1 !re 0 mu* scope = criticism z to ! way 9 :i* milit>y railways1 design$ to facilitate op]ations und]tak5 9 c\ntries hav+ a lack ( communications1 _h be5 ei!r con/ruct$ or work$4 ,writ+1 9 #ahhb1 9 ! ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s 7,*a?am7 on ,railways = ,milit>y ,communication 9 ! ,field1 ,col4 ,j4 ,p4 ,maquay1 ,r4,e41 obs]v$ 9 reg>d to :at _h be5 ! exp]i5ces to t date3-- ,9 mo/ ( ! w>s t ,engl& has und]tak5 dur+ ! pa/ ?irty ye>s1 attempts h be5 made to con/ruct railways = ! transport ( /ores & mat]ials f ! base ( op]ations4 ,?is base mu/ necess>ily be on ! sea coa/ = a c\ntry situat$ z ,engl& is4 ,^! railways h n be5 successful *iefly because1 :5 w> _h brok5 out1 su* mat]ial 0 ha/ily got toge!r z seem$ mo/ suitable to ! occasion2 &1 fur!r1 ! con/ruction ( ^! l9es 0 n c>ri$ out on any sy/em4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t our milit>y railways 7 nev] complet$ 9 "t to be ( mu* use to ! troops !y 7 int5d$ to s]ve4 ,,franco-,,g]man ,,w> ,9 ! ,franco-,g]man ,w> ( #ahgj-ga ! ,g]mans con/ruct$ two milit>y railways--7#a7 a l9e1 tw5ty-two miles 9 l5g?1 connect+ ,remilly1 on ! ,sa>brck ,railway1 ) ,pont ,m\sson1 on ! ,metz-,fr\>d l9e2 & 7#b7 a loop l9e1 ?ree miles long1 pass+ r\nd ! tunnel at ,nanteuil1 bl[n up by ! ,fr5*4 ,special int]e/ atta*$ to ^! two l9es inasmu* z !y 7 ! result ( con/ruction "w done1 n 9 anticipation ( a w>1 or ev5 imm$iately prec$+ ho/ilities1 b dur+ ! c\rse ( an active campaign4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !y af=d$ an opportunity = %[+ :at ,prussia c\ld d1 "u pressure1 ) ! ,con/ruction ,corps %e _h =m$ 9 ord]1 among o!r ?+s1 to meet j su* cont+5cies z ^? t n[ arose4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! w> ! ,prussian ,g5]al ,/aff _h 7accord+ to ,r/[7 assum$ t ,metz w\ld (f] a prolong$ resi/ance1 & t ! def5d]s w\ld be c]ta9 to make an attempt to int]rupt ! rail communication betwe5 ,g]many & h] troops 9 ! field4 ,to meet ! position :i* might ?us be creat$1 x 0 decid$ to build f ,pont ,m\sson to ,remilly a field railway :i*1 avoid+ ,metz1 w\ld l9k up at ,remilly ) ! l9e proce$+ !nce to ,sa>brck1 & s ensure ! ma9t5ance ( direct rail communication to & f ,g]many4 ,on ,augu/ #ad1 #ahgj1 ! day ( ! re>gu>d action at ,borny1 ! survey & ! levell+ ( ! gr\nd 7 begun1 & ?ree days lat] a />t 0 made ) ! con/ruction4 ,altoge!r "s #d1bjj m5 7 employ$ on ! "w1 namely1 #djj belong+ to two ,field ,railway ,companies2 #hjj =m+ f\r ,=tress ,pione] ,companies1 & ab\t #c1jjj m9]s f ! colli]y di/ricts ( ,sa>brck :o _h be5 ?r[n out ( "w ow+ to ! w> & accept$ employm5t on ! railway4 ,! build+ corps _h at _! disposal a p>k ( #ccj wagons & o!r vehicles1 & patrol & requisition duties 7 p]=m$ = !m by a squadron ( ,cavalry4 ,not)/&+ t s consid]able a =ce 0 available = ! purpose1 ! "w ( build+ ! tw5ty-two miles ( railway took =ty-eight days1 ! l9e n be+ ready = op]ation until ,octob] #d4 ,?is 0 9 no way a great a*ievem5t1 & x did n comp>e fav\rably ) mu* t 0 done by ! ,f$]al ,con/ruction ,corps employ$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,w> ( ,secession4 ,x is true t ! irregul>ities ( ! gr\nd 7 su* z to r5d] necess>y num]\s cutt+s & embankm5ts1 & t two bridges & two viaducts _h to be provid$2 b ! cutt+s 7 only ab\t #c feet deep1 & ! embankm5ts 7 only #e feet high1 except ne> "o ( ! viaducts1 :]e !y 7 #aj feet high4 ,! viaducts & bridges 7 ( timb]1 ) spans ( ab\t #af feet4 ,! build+ ( ! l9e 01 !re=e1 9 no way a =midable und]tak+1 f an eng9e]+ po9t ( view4 ,n only1 h[ev]1 did x take ov] #d1jjj m5 ne>ly fifty days to make tw5ty-two miles ( l9e1 b ! "w _h be5 done 9 su* a way t :5 ! autumn ra9s came on ! track settl$ 9 _m places2 traffic on ! l9es became v dang]\s2 "o ( ! bridges 0 wa%$ away by ! floods1 & almo/ z _m m5 _h to be put on to d repairs z _h previ\sly be5 employ$ = ! con/ruction4 ,traffic ( a v mod]ate description--ea* locomotive draw+ only f\r wagons at a "t--0 c>ri$ on = j tw5ty-six days1 & !n1 happily = ! eng9e]s conc]n$1 ! developm5ts 9 & ar\nd ,metz r5d]$ ! l9e no long] necess>y4 ,h[ ! re/oration ( ! traffic int]rupt$ ?r\gh ! explosion ( ,fr5* m9es 9 ! tunnel at ,nanteuil occupi$ f ,septemb] #ag to ,novemb] #bb has already be5 told on page #abh4 ,,russo-,,turki% ,,w> ,9 ! op9ion ( "o ,engli% milit>y critic1 :at %ort l9es 7 made 9 ! ,franco-,g]man ,w> 7 nei!r s spe$ily con/ruct$ nor s successful 9 result z to enc\rage ! idea t l9es ( any l5g? c\ld be made dur+ a campaign2 b a diff]5t impression is to be d]iv$ f ! /ory ( :at 0 accompli%$ 9 ! same direction 9 ! ,russo-,turki% ,w> ( #ahgg-gh4 ,russia plann$ h] campaign aga9/ ,turkey 9 ! hope & expectation t x w\ld be %ort1 %>p & decisive4 ,%e />t$ h] mobilisation 9 good "t1 t is to say1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahgf1 al?\gh %e did n decl>e w> until ,april #bd1 #ahgg4 ,mak+ ! mi/ake1 h[ev]1 ( despis+ h] foe1 %e anticipat$ no s]i\s opposition f ! ,turks1 b expect$1 r1 to p>alyse !m by a rapid advance1 h a triumphal m>* to ,con/ant9ople1 secure ! desir$ safegu>ds = ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,turkey1 & see ! w> ov] be=e ! end ( ! summ]4 ,"o reason :y ,russia specially desir$ to br+ ! campaign to s e>ly a conclusion lay 9 ! defici5t & prec>i\s nature ( ! rail communication4 ,"u a conv5tion :i* _h be5 agre$ to ) ,rumania on ,april #af1 #ahgg1 ,russia 0 to h a free passage = h] troops ?r\gh t c\ntry4 ,%e 01 also1 to h ! use ( ! ,rumanian railways & ( all _! transport facilities4 ,b ! only l9e !n runn+ ?r\gh ,rumania 0 "o t w5t f ,galatz1 on ! ,russo-,rumanian fronti]1 to ,bu*>e/1 & !nce 7) a bran* to ,slat9a7 to ,giurgevo1 on ! ,danube1 :]e x connect$ ) a ,bulg>ian l9e f ,ru/*uk1 on ! s\? ( ! riv]1 to ,v>na1 ! ,turki% base ( supplies on ! ,black ,sea4 ,n only 0 ! ,rumanian railway sy/em ?us limit$ 9 ext5t1 b ! l9es _h be5 indiff]5tly con/ruct$1 !y 7 badly ma9ta9$1 & !y _h an inadequate p]sonnel toge!r ) an insuffici5cy bo? ( roll+ /ock & ( t]m9al facilities4 ,/ill fur!r1 ! fact t ! ,russian railways _h a broad] gauge ?an ! railways ( ,rumania 7among o!r ,european c\ntries7 caus$ great delay 9 ! transf]1 at ! fronti]1 f ! "o sy/em to ! o!r1 n alone ( #bjj1jjj m51 b ( ! #hej field & #djj siege guns1 ( ! ammunition1 & ( mu* o!r mat]ial ! troops requir$ to take ) !m4 ,! alt]native to dep5d5ce on ! railway 0 a resort to roads impassable 9 wet wea!r4 ,:at really caus$ ! ,russian plans to misc>ry1 h[ev]1 0 ! ob/9ate def5ce ( ,plevna by ,osman ,pa%a1 :o took up 8 position !re on ,july #ai1 subject$ ! ,russians to successive repulses1 & did n capitulate until ,decemb] #aj1 ! siege co/+ ! ,russians #ee1jjj m5 & ! ,rumanians #aj1jjj4 ,:5 x 0 realis$ t ! *eck at ,plevna r5d]$ c]ta9 a prolongation ( ! campaign1 ,russia set ab\t ! con/ruction ( a s]ies ( new l9es ( railway dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w>4 ,! pr9cipal l9es ?us tak5 9 h& 73-- #a4 ,a l9e 9 ,russia1 f ,b5d]1 on ! ,dnie/]1 to ,galatz1 e/abli%+ direct communication betwe5 ! ,odessa railways & ! ,rumanian fronti]1 & af=d+ improv$ facilities = ! s5d+ ( re9=cem5ts to ! seat ( w>4 #b4 ,a l9e f ,frate/i1 on ! ,bu*>e/-,giurgevo ,railway1 to ,simnitza1 ! po9t on ! nor? bank ( ! ,danube :]e1 on ! night ( ,june #bf-g1 ! ,russians built ! bridge :i* enabl$ !m to cross ! riv]4 #c4 ,a l9e f ,si/ova1 on ! s\? side ( ! ,danube1 to ,tirnova 7,bulg>ia71 situate ab\t ?irty miles s\?-ea/ ( ,plevna1 & ab\t tw5ty-five nor? ( ! ,%ipka ,pass4 ,( ^! ?ree l9es ! con/ruction ( ! fir/1 #ahi miles 9 l5g?1 0 begun at ! end ( ,july1 #ahgg4 ,! orig9al int5tion 0 to build a railway to s]ve ! purposes ( ! w> only2 b ! conclusion t ult]ior /rategical & comm]cial purposes w\ld alike be s]v$ by l9k+ up ,odessa ) ! ,rumanian fronti] l$ to ! build+ ( a railway likely to be ( p]man5t usefulness4 ,! l9e 0 a s+le-track "o1 ) a suffici5t numb] ( /ations & pass+ places to all[ ( ! runn+ ( sev5 tra9s 9 ea* direction 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! con/ruction1 c>ri$ out by contract1 involv$ ! build+ ( a numb] ( timb] bridges & ! provision ( sev]al embankm5ts1 "o ( :i* 0 ov] ?ree miles 9 l5g?4 ,great difficulties 7 exp]i5c$ 9 reg>d to lab\r1 & especially by reason ( ! refusal ( ! m5 to "w ei!r on ,sundays or on _! num]\s sa9ts' days4 ,tra9s 71 nev]!less1 runn+ on ! l9e )9 #ajj days ( ! con/ruction be+ />t$1 & ?is not)/&+ ! fact t ! numb] ( actual work+ days _h be5 only fifty-eight4 ,:]eas1 !re=e1 ! ,g]mans _h1 9 #ahgj1 ) ! help ( a ,con/ruction ,corps ov] #d1jjj /rong1 tak5 =ty-eight days to build tw5ty-two miles ( railway betwe5 ,pont ,m\sson & ,remilly1 ! ,russians 9 #ahgg built1 by contract1 #ahi miles ( railway 9 j ov] d\ble ! same p]iod4 ,a railway f ,frate/i to ,simnitza _h become indisp5sable inasmu* z ! ma9 l9e ( communication = ! ,russian ,army c\ld n be cont9u$ = an indef9ite p]iod along ! =ty miles ( defective roads--spe$ily worn out by ! heavy traffic--:i* sep>at$ ! ,bu*>e/-,giurgevo l9e f ! bridge built across ! ,danube4 ,! only important e>?work necess>y 0 an embankm5t a mile & a half long & f\rte5 feet high4 ,! bridges to be provid$ includ$ "o ( #dbj feet & two ( #baj feet ea*4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! tr\bles exp]i5c$ 7 due to ! difficulty 9 gett+ ! necess>y mat]ials = ! "w ( con/ruction ow+ p>tly to ! exi/+ ,rumanian l9es be+ block$ ) milit>y traffic1 & p>tly to ! /ate ( ! roads & to ! use ( all available draught horses = ,army transport purposes4 ,!re c\ld ?us be no great cel]ity %[n 9 con/ruction1 & ! =ty miles ( railway1 begun 9 ! middle ( ,septemb]1 71 9 fact1 n ready = work+ until ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb]4 ,l difficulties 7 exp]i5c$1 ?\gh to a /ill m acute degree1 9 reg>d to ! ,si/ova-,tirnova l9e1 ! l5g? ( :i* 0 to be sev5ty-five miles2 & "h only ! e>?works c\ld be f9i%$ be=e ! end ( ! campaign4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 _h be5 accompli%$ dur+ ! "t ! w> 0 9 progress 0 7#a7 ! completion ( #bbi miles ( new railway1 & ! mak+ ( ! road-b$ = ano!r sev5ty-five miles1 toge!r ) ! c>ry+ out ( a numb] ( m9or railway works2 7#b7 ! acquisition1 by pur*ase 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 ( #abj locomotives & #b1aej wagons & trucks1 all new1 & 7#c7 ! provision ( a /eam railway f]ry across ! ,danube4#ch ,s ! developm5t ( ! rail-p[] pr9ciple 9 w>f>e 0 c>ri$ /ill fur!r by ?is con/ruction1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! ,russo-,turki% conflict1 ( a great] l5g? ( railways1 design$ = milit>y use1 ?an _h ev] be5 built "u l conditions be=e4 ,! _w ga9$ a fre% lesson z to ! importance ( ! rle play$ by railways 9 w>1 & x 0 (f]$1 also1 a /rik+ example ( :at c\ld be done 9 ! way ( rapidly provid+ !m 9 a "t ( em]g5cy4 ,on ! o!r h& x _h to be rememb]$ t1 ( ! ?ree railways 9 "q1 ! "o :i* includ$ #ahi miles out ( ! total #bbi miles built 0 con/ruct$ on ,russian t]ritory :]e !re 0 no dang] ( int]ruption by ! enemy1 :ile ! delays :i* occurr$ ) ! two o!r l9es1 ow+ to ! conge/ion ( traffic1 "u w> conditions1 on exi/+ railways dep5d$ ^u = ! supply ( mat]ials1 seem$ to po9t 7#a7 to ! risk t might1 f ?is cause1 be run if ! build+ ( l9es necess>y or desirable 9 ! int]e/s ( "s prospective campaign 7 left until ! outbreak ( ho/ilities1 & 7#b7 to ! wisdom ( con/ruct+ all su* l9es1 z f> z necess>y & practicable1 9 "t ( peace4 ,,! ,,sudan ,if we turn n[ to ! ,sudan1 we ga9 examples ( milit>y railways :i*1 design$ = ! purposes ( w>1 & con/ruct$1 9 "p1 dur+ ! progress ( active ho/ilities1 fir/ r5d]$ great s]vices 9 facilitat+ ! conque/ ( a va/ area1 & !n develop$ into a sy/em ( ,gov]nm5t railways op]at$1 9 turn1 = ! purposes ( peace1 & accompli%+ results z conspicu\sly successful 9 ! latt] direction z !y _h previ\sly done 9 ! =m]4 ,dur+ ! "t t ,sad ,pa%a 0 ,vic]oy ( ,egypt 7#ahed-fc7 !re 0 br\ght =w>d a s*eme = ! l9k+ up ( ,egypt & ! ,sudan by means ( a s+le l9e ( railway f ,cairo to ,kh>t\m1 ) a bran* to ,mass[a1 on ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,x 0 an ambiti\s proposal1 &1 if x c\ld h be5 c>ri$ into effect1 ! op5+ up ( ! ,sudan to civilisation1 by means ( an iron road1 might h alt]$ ! :ole subsequ5t hi/ory ( t mu*-suff]+ l&4 ,b ! co/ 0 reg>d$ z prohibitive1 & ! s*eme 0 ab&on$ = a "t1 to be reviv$1 h[ev]1 9 a modifi$ =m 9 #ahga1 :5 ,ismail ,pa%a 0 ,kh$ive4 ,x 0 !n propos$ t ! l9e %\ld />t at ,wady ,halfa & be cont9u$ to ,matemmeh 7,%5dy71 situate ab\t #ajj miles nor? ( ,kh>t\m--a total di/ance ( #eeh miles4 ,9 #ahge a beg9n+ 0 made ) ! build+ ( ?is railway1 :i* 0 to consi/ ( a s+le l9e1 ) a gauge ( #c feet #f in*es1 & 0 to be made ) #ej-lb4 rails & #g-;ft4 sleep]s2 b :51 9 #ahgg1 aft] an exp5diture ( ab\t #djj1jjj1 ! railway _h be5 c>ri$ no f>!r ?an ,s>ras1 ?irty-?ree & a half miles f ! />t+-po9t1 x 0 /opp$ = lack ( funds4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahhd ! ,briti% exp$ition to ,kh>t\m1 :]e ,g5]al ,gordon 0 endeav\r+ to ma9ta9 8 position aga9/ ! ,mahdi's foll[]s1 0 resolv$ ^u1 & x 0 !n decid$ to ext5d ! ,sudan ,railway beyond ! po9t already rea*$1 at ,s>ras1 9 ord] to facilitate /ill fur!r ! j\rney ( ! troops along ! valley ( ! ,nile1 :i* _h be5 select$ z ! r\te ( ! exp$ition4 ,platelay+ = ! ext5sion 0 begun 9 ,septemb] by a p>ty ( ,engli% & ,egyptian infantry & native lab\r]s1 aft]w>ds jo9$ by ! #d? ,battalion ,egyptian ,army & ! #h? 7,railway7 ,company ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 mat]ials previ\sly /or$ at ,s>ras 7 f\nd to be /ill available1 ! trucks conta9+ rails1 etc41 = ! ext5sion "w _h to be pu%$ by h& f ,s>ras to railhead ow+ to ! abs5ce ( eng9es2 sleep]s 7 c>ri$ on ! backs ( camels1 ( :i* #cjj 7 employ$ = ! purpose1 & ! coolie "w 0 entru/$ to #gjj native lab\r]s1 ma9ly old m5 & boys1 mo/ ( :om _h des]t$ by ! end ( ,octob]1 :5 fur!r platelay+ 0 discont9u$4 ,by t "t ! ext5sion works _h rea*$ ! ?irty-n9? mile1 & ! l9e f ,s>ras to ?is po9t 0 op5$ on ,decemb] #d4 ,foll[+ on ! fall ( ,kh>t\m & ! dea? ( ,gordon 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhe1 came ! decision to ext5d ! l9e to ,firket 7#ajc miles71 9 view ( a !n project$ fur!r campaign 9 ! autumn ( t ye>4 ,! ext5sion 0 sanction$ t[>ds ! end ( ,febru>y2 fifty-two miles ( p]man5t way 7 ord]$ f ,engl&2 #cjj platelay]s & railway me*anics 7 obta9$ f ,india1 to supplem5t ! con/ruction =ces already available2 & on ,augu/ #g ! ext5sion 0 complet$ z f> z ,aka%a 7#hg miles74 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 !re _h be5 a *ange ( policy :i* affect$ ! :ole situation4 ,on ! return ( ! exp$ition>y =ce to ,korti 7situate at ! s\!rn extremity ( ! great ,nile b5d71 ! :ole ( ! c\ntry to ! s\? !re( pass$ "u ! control ( ! ,d]vi%es2 & ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 reluctant at t "t to ent] on ! =midable task ( reconque/1 decid$ t no fur!r milit>y op]ations %\ld be tak5 9 h&1 & t ! ,sudan mu/ be def9itely ab&on$4 ,ord]s 7 accord+ly giv5 by ,"l ,wolseley 9 ,may1 #ahhe1 = ! )drawal ( ! troops f all /ations s\? ( ,dongola1 :i* itself 0 ab&on$ on ,june #ae1 ! retreat cont9u+ z f> z ,aka%a4 ,beyond ?is po9t1 !re=e1 platelay+ = ! propos$ railway ext5sion 0 n c>ri$1 al?\gh ! =mation levels _h be5 complet$ to ,firket4 ,subsequ5tly ! ,briti% retreat 0 cont9u$ to ,wady ,halfa1 :i* !n became ! s\!rn fronti] ( ,egypt1 ! railway ext5sion !nce to ,aka%a1 toge!r ) all po/s to ! s\? ( ,wady ,halfa1 be+ also ab&on$4 ,excell5t s]vice _h1 nev]!less1 be5 r5d]$ by ! railway1 z f> z x 0 c>ri$4 ,op]ation ( ! l9e _h be5 tak5 ov] by ! #h? 7,railway7 ,company1 ,r4,e41 :o1 at ! outset1 _h at _! disposal only five m or less decrepit locomotives1 fifty op5 trucks1 five cov]$ goods vans1 & six brake vans4 ,! troops 7 convey$ 9 ! op5 trucks1 & by ! end ( #ahhd all ! /ores = ! op5+ ( ! campaign _h be5 pass$ up4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( #ahhe additional locomotives & roll+ /ock 7 obta9$ f ! ,cape4 ,summ+ up ! "w done on ! ,sudan ,milit>y ,railway = ! ,nile ,exp$ition ( #ahhd-e1 ,lieut4 ,m4 ,na?an1 ,r4,e41#ci says t x includ$ 7#a7 ! repair & ma9t5ance ( ?irty-?ree & a half miles ( exi/+ railway2 7#b7 ! con/ruction ( fifty-?ree & a half miles ( new l9e ?r\gh a ne>ly wat]less des]t1 ) no means ( di/ribut+ mat]ial except ! l9e itself2 7#c7 ! transport1 = ! mo/ "p ) limit$ & indiff]5t /ock1 ( ab\t #i1jjj troops r\nd ! wor/ "p ( ! second cat>act :5 go+ up ! riv]1 & r\nd ne>ly ! :ole ( x :5 com+ d[n2 & 7#d7 ! c>riage ( #dj1jjj tons = an av]age di/ance ( ?irty-six & a half miles4 ,z aga9/ :at _h ?us be5 a*iev$ 9 ! ,nile ,valley mu/ be set a failure on ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,:51 on ! fall ( ,kh>t\m 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhe1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t fir/ decid$ on an ext5sion ( ! ,nile ,valley ,railway1 !y fur!r resolv$ on ! build+ ( a milit>y railway f ,suak9 to ,b]b]1 on ! ,nile1 9 ord] to h a second l9e ( communication available = ,"l ,wolseley's ,army2 & an ,anglo-,indian =ce 0 s5t to ,suak91 "u ! comm& ( ,g5]al ,sir ,g]ald ,graham1 9 ord]1 fir/1 to defeat ! ,d]vi%es 9 ! ,ea/]n ,sudan1 & !n to protect ! con/ruction ( ! propos$ railway4 ,su* a l9e w\ld obvi\sly h be5 ( great /rategical value to a ,nile exp$ition>y =ce2 b ! attempt to build x broke d[n ow+1 9 "p1 to ! defective nature ( ! organisation resort$ to1 ?\gh /ill m to ! active opposition ( ! enemy4 ,sir ,&rew ,cl>ke1 ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,=tifications1 _h f ! fir/ advocat$ t ! l9e %\ld be suppli$ & laid by ! milit>y eng9e]+ /r5g? !n available2 b he 0 ov]-rul$1 & ! "w 0 giv5 to an ,engli% firm ( contractors 9 ! expectation1 z ,major-,g5]al ,:itwor? ,port] tells1 9 volume two ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 t ! necess>y mat]ial w\ld be suppli$ m readily1 & 9 %ort] "t1 ?r\gh civilian ag5cy4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 decid$ to s5d ! #aj? 7,railway7 ,company ( ,royal ,eng9e]s bo? to c>ry out "s local works 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,suak9 & to assi/ ! contractors 9 ! long] und]tak+2 & ?is milit>y elem5t 0 /r5g!n$1 n only by a =ce ( ,indian coolies1 b1 also1 by ! addition ( ?irty-n9e memb]s ( ,eng9e] ,volunte] ,corps 9 ,engl& :o _h enli/$ = ! campaign1 all hav+ _h exp]i5ce 9 trades qualify+ !m = railway "w4#dj ,!re 0 ?us practically a dual sy/em1 workable1 9 ! op9ion ( ,sir ,&rew ,cl>ke1 only by a species ( compromise :i* 0 bo? unsci5tific & uneconomical4 ,z = int]ruptions by ! ,d]vi%es1 ^! took ! =m ( con/ant attacks bo? on ! l9e "u con/ruction & on ! work]s4 ,sev]al actions 7 f\ght1 & at ,t(rik1 ne> ,suak91 ! ,briti% su/a9$ a s]i\s loss ( life4 ,po/s 7 erect$ z ! "w sl[ly progress$1 & ! bullet-pro( tra9 m5tion$ on page #gf 0 us$ = patroll+ ! l9e at night2 b 9 face ( all ! difficulties exp]i5c$ ! "w 0 def9itely ab&on$ :5 only tw5ty miles ( ! int5d$ railway _h be5 complet$4 ,! troops 7 recall$ 9 ,june1 #ahhe1 ! railway mat]ial n us$ 0 br\ght back to ,engl&1 & a l9e l9k+ up ,suak9 7& ,port ,sudan7 ) ,b]b]1 via ,atb>a ,junction1 0 n f9ally op5$ until #aijf4 ,rev]t+ to ! ,nile ,valley ,railway1 x is gratify+ to be able to say t ! success already spok5 ( z hav+ be5 atta9$ 9 ?is direction 0 b a prelude to /ill m important developm5ts t 7 to foll[4 ,to prev5t ! c>ry+ out ( s*emes :i* ! ,d]vi%es 7 kn[n to be prep>+ = an invasion ( ,egypt1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t decid$1 e>ly 9 #ahif1 to all[ ,egypt to resume occupation ( ! c\ntry along ! ,nile ,valley ab&on$ at ! "t ( ! )drawal 9 #ahhe1 & on ,m>* #ab1 #ahif1 ,sir ,h]b]t 7n[ ,e>l7 ,kit*5]1 :o _h succe$$ to ! comm& ( ! ,egyptian army 9 #ahib1 receiv$ in/ructions to advance to ! s\? f ,wady ,halfa4 ,aka%a1 ! po9t to :i* ! ,nile ,valley ,railway _h be5 built1 0 occupi$ on ,m>* #bj1 ! ,d]vi%es retreat+ to ,firket4 ,z a means t[>ds realis+ ! objects ( ! exp$ition1 ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5] resolv$ to cont9ue ! railway along ! ,nile ,valley to ,k]ma2 b ?is meant ! con/ruction ( practically a new railway1 s9ce ! ,d]vi%es _h torn up ov] fifty ( ! eighty-sev5 miles ( ! orig9al l9e betwe5 ,wady ,halfa & ,aka%a1 burn+ ! sleep]s & twi/+ ! rails1 :ile ! rema9d] ( ! l9e 0 9 su* a condition t x requir$ relay+4 ,! "w ( con/ruction 0 entru/$ to a /aff ( ,royal ,eng9e]s op]at+ "u ,lieut4 7n[ ,major-,g5]al ,sir ,e4 ,p]cy ,c47 ,gir\>d1 & x 0 pu%$ =w>d ) great en]gy1 ! l9e be+ urg5tly requir$ = ! =w>d+ ( /ores to ! front1 & especially s on acc\nt ( ! imp$im5ts to navigation along ! ,nile due to ! cat>acts4 ,) ! help ( ! railway1 s f> z x _h !n be5 re/or$1 ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5] conc5trat$ a =ce ( #i1jjj m5 at ,aka%a1 & e>ly 9 ,june he made a successful advance on ,firket4 ,! ,d]vi%es retir$ to ,dongola2 b x 0 ?\ght prud5t1 be=e foll[+ !m up1 to await a fur!r ext5sion ( ! railway4 ,?is 0 complet$ z f> z ,ko%a1 #aaf miles f ,wady ,halfa1 by ,augu/ #d1 #ahif4 ,?ree weeks lat] "s heavy ra9s1 la/+ ?ree days1 7 ! cause ( floods :i*1 9 a few h\rs1 de/roy$ twelve miles ( ! newly-con/ruct$ l9e4 ,! repairs 7 complet$ 9 ab\t a week1 b 9 ! same mon? !re 0 an outbreak ( *ol]a :i* c>ri$ (f a l>ge numb] ( ! work+ /aff4 ,utilis+ ! railway z f> z ,ko%a1 ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5] conc5trat$ ! :ole ( 8 =ce at ,f]eig1 on ! nor? ( ! ,kaib> cat>act1 & f !nce a fur!r advance 0 made to ,dongola1 :i* place ! ,d]vi%es made no attempt to def5d4 ,! imm$iate purpose ( ! exp$ition _h ?us be5 atta9$2 b1 9 ! meantime1 a fur!r campaign _h be5 resolv$ ^u = ! purpose ( break+ d[n ! p[] ( ! ,khalifa & effect+ ! conque/ ( ,kh>t\m4 ,to ?is end ! railway 0 cont9u$ ano!r hundr$ miles1 f ,ko%a to ,k]ma1 :i* po9t 0 rea*$ 9 ,may1 #ahig4 ,"s #baf miles ( railway _h ?us be5 complet$ 9 ab\t ?irte5 mon?s1 not)/&+ int]ruptions :i* _h l$ to v little progress be+ made dur+ five mon?s ( ?is p]iod1 & not)/&+1 also1 ! fact t con/ruction "w _h to be c>ri$ on simultane\sly ) ! transport ( troops & /ores s f> z ! l9e _h be5 complet$4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 ,k]ma 0 rea*$1 ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5] in/ruct$ ! /aff ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s to make a survey ( ! ,nubian ,des]t ) a view to see+ :e!r or n x w\ld be practicable to build an alt]native l9e ( railway across x f ,wady ,halfa direct to ,abu ,ham$ 7a di/ance ( #bcb miles71 ?us giv+ a direct r\te to ,kh>t\m4 ,a survey c>ri$ out at ! end ( #ahif %[$ t ! "w 0 n likely to pres5t any unsurm\ntable eng9e]+ difficulties1 & t ! abs5ce ( wat] c\ld be ov]come by ! s9k+ ( wells4 ,! only d\btful po9t 0 :e!r con/ruction c\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh )\t int]ruption by a /ill active enemy4 ,x 0 se5 t ! propos$ des]t l9e 0 likely to be ( f> great] importance1 bo? /rategically & politically1 ?an a cont9uation ( ! ,wady ,halfa-,k]ma l9e r\nd ! rema9d] ( ! ,nile b5d4 ,! cutt+ (f ( ?is b5d altoge!r w\ld conf] a great advantage on ! ,exp$ition>y ,=ce4 ,x 0 ?us resolv$ to build ! l9e1 to run ! risk ( attacks by ! enemy1 & to pu% con/ruction =w>d ) ! greate/ en]gy4 ,a />t 0 made ) ! "w on ,may #ae1 #ahig1 ! /aff :i* _h be5 engag$ on ! ,nile ,valley l9e to ,k]ma return+ to ,wady ,halfa 9 ord] to take ! des]t l9e 9 h&4 ,by ! end ( ,july1 #aae ( ! #bcb miles ( l9e _h be5 complet$1 & ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5]1 utilis+ ! railway :i* _h already be5 con/ruct$ to ,k]ma1 !n s5t a =ce along ! ,nile ,valley to effect ! capture ( ,abu ,ham$4 ,?is 0 accompli%$ on ,augu/ #g1 & ! con/ructors ( ! des]t l9e 7 ?us enabl$ to resume _! "w ) great] security & ev5 accel]at$ spe$4 ,abu ,ham$ 0 rea*$ on ,octob] #ca1 #ahig1 ! two extreme po9ts ( ! great ,nile b5d be+ ?us br\ght into communication by a direct l9e ( railway4 ,! con/ruction ( ! #bcb miles ( track _h be5 accompli%$ 9 five & a half mon?s1 not)/&+ ! fact t ! "w 0 c>ri$ on dur+ ! hotte/ "t ( ! ye>4 ,an av]age l5g? ( a mile & a qu>t] ( l9e 0 laid p] day1 :ile on "o day 9 ,octob] a maximum ( ?ree & a qu>t] miles 0 atta9$4 ,s well1 too1 _h ! "w be5 done t tra9s c>ry+ #bjj tons ( /ores1 drawn by eng9es weigh+1 )\t t5d]1 fifty tons1 7 tak5 safely across ! des]t at a spe$ ( tw5ty-five miles p] h\r4 ,f ,abu ,ham$ ! l9e 0 at once pu%$ on 9 ! direction ( ,b]b]1 & its value f a milit>y po9t ( view 0 spe$ily to be prov$4 ,receiv+ in=mation1 t[>ds ! end ( #ahig1 t ! ,d]vi%es 7 plann+ an attack on ,b]b]1 ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5] s5t to ,cairo = a ,brigade ( ,briti% troops to jo9 ) ! ,egyptian =ces !n at ,b]b] 9 oppos+ ?is advance1 & ! ,brigade arriv$ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahih1 hav+ travell$ by ! des]t railway n only to ,abu ,ham$1 b to a po9t tw5ty miles f>!r s\?1 :i* !n con/itut$ railhead4 ,e>ly 9 ,m>* ! ,anglo-,egyptian ,army 0 conc5trat$ betwe5 ,b]b] & ! ,atb>a riv]1 & ! battle ( ,atb>a1 f\ght 9 ! foll[+ mon?1 l$ to ! complete annihilation ( ! =ces s5t by ! ,khalifa to drive ! ,egyptians out ( ,b]b]4 ,!re 0 kn[n to be /ill an army ( #ej1jjj m5 9 ,omdurman1 at ! comm& ( ! ,khalifa2 b x 0 consid]$ desirable1 be=e any fur!r advance 0 made by ! ,anglo-,egyptian =ces1 to await n only ! completion ( ! railway to ! ,atb>a b ! rise1 also1 ( ! ,nile1 s t ! riv] w\ld be available = ! br++ up ( /eam]s & gunboats to take "p 9 ! attack on ,omdurman4 ,once m1 !re=e1 ,lieut4 ,gir\>d & 8 /aff _h to make ! mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts1 & ^! 7 aga9 s successful t ! l9e 0 c>ri$ to ! ,atb>a e>ly 9 ,july4 ,x 0 ( ! greate/ s]vice 9 facilitat+ ! conc5tration ( an ,anglo-,egyptian ,army1 #bb1jjj /rong1 at ,wad ,ham$1 & ! victory ( ,omdurman1 on ,septemb] #b1 #ahih--:5 #bj1jjj ( ! enemy 7 kill$ or w\nd$--foll[$ by ! occupation ( ,kh>t\m1 meant ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,mahdi1 ! f9al reconque/ ( ! ,sudan1 & ! ga9+ ( a fur!r great triumph 9 ! cause ( civilisation4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ^! ev5ts :i* he gives 9 volume ?ree ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,corps ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,colonel ,sir ,*>les ,m4 ,watson says conc]n+ ?is ultimate outcome ( a rebellion :i* _h la/$1 altoge!r1 = a p]iod ( eighte5 ye>s3-- ,"l ,kit*5]1 ( c\rse1 by ! skill & det]m9ation ) :i* he conduct$ ! op]ations to a successful t]m9ation1 des]ves ! pr9cipal cr$it = ! happy conclusion ( ! campaign4 ,b x mu/ n be =gott5 t a l>ge "p ( ! "w 0 c>ri$ out by ! (fic]s ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 especially ^? :o _h *>ge ( ! con/ruction & ma9t5ance ( t railway )\t :i*1 x is fair to say1 ! campaign c\ld n h be5 conduct$ at all4 ,! f9al triumph 0 ! m gratify+ because1 al?\gh ! des]t railway _h contribut$ s mat]ially !reto1 dep5d5ce ^u x _h n be5 )\t an elem5t ( s]i\s risk :i* _c be told bett] ?an 9 ! words ( ,"l ,crom]1 9 8 book on ,mod]n ,egypt3-- ,! int]val :i* elaps$ betwe5 ! occupation ( ,abu ,ham$ & ! f9al advance on ,kh>t\m 0 a p]iod ( mu* anxiety4 ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5]'s =ce dep5d$ entirely on ! des]t railway = its supplies4 ,i 0 r haunt$ ) ! idea t "s ,european adv5tur]1 ( ! type famili> 9 ,india a c5tury & m ago1 might turn up at ,kh>t\m & advise ! ,d]vi%es to make frequ5t raids across ! ,nile bel[ ,abu ,ham$ ) a view to cutt+ ! communication ( ! ,anglo-,egyptian =ce ) ,wady ,halfa4 ,?is 0 unque/ionably ! "r milit>y op]ation to h und]tak52 nei!r1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld x h be5 v difficult ( accompli%m5t4 ,=tunately ! ,d]vi%es 444 fail$ to take advantage ( ! opportunity pres5t$ to !m4 ,to myself x 0 a great relief :5 ! p]iod ( susp5se 0 ov]4 ,i d n ?9k t ! some:at p]il\s position 9 :i* ,sir ,h]b]t ,kit*5]'s army 0 und\bt$ly plac$ = "s "t 0 at all realis$ by ! public 9 g5]al4 ,)9 ab\t two mon?s ( ! battle ( ,omdurman ! plans 7 made = a fur!r ext5sion ( ! railway f ,atb>a to ,kh>t\m1 & ,kh>t\m ,nor? 0 rea*$ on ! la/ day ( #ahii4 ,! con/ruction ( a bridge ov] ! ,blue ,nile subsequ5tly all[$ ( tra9s runn+ direct into ,kh>t\m4 ,to-day ?is same railway has be5 c>ri$ a di/ance ( #dcj miles s\? ( ,kh>t\m4 ,x cont9ues along ! ,blue ,nile to ,s5nah1 :]e x turns to ! we/w>d1 crosses ! ,:ite ,nile at ,ko/i1 & has its t]m9us at ,el ,obeid1 ! capital ( ,kord(an ,prov9ce4 ,:at ?is means is t an enorm\s expanse ( t]ritory has be5 op5$ up bo? to civilisation & to comm]cial developm5t4 ,ap>t f ! important gum trade ( :i* ,el ,obeid is ! c5tre1 ! ,sudan is pre-em95tly a pa/oral c\ntry4 ,! numb] ( its cattle1 %eep & goats is e/imat$ at sev]al millions2 x has ?\s&s ( squ>e miles available = cotton-gr[+1 already c>ri$ on !re = c5turies1 & x has wide possibilities 9 o!r directions1 besides2 ?\gh /ock-rais+ & cotton cultivation %\ld alone suffice to ensure = ! ,sudan a future ( great weal? & comm]cial importance4 ,beyond ! di/ricts imm$iately s]v$ by ! ext5sion !re are o!rs :i* are to be br\ght into t\* ) ! railway1 ei!r direct or via ! ,nile1 by means ( a roads sy/em l9k+ up t[ns & villages ) a numb] ( highways ext5d+ to all ! fronti]s ( ! ,sudan4 ,on ^! roads & highways motor traction w1 x is hop$1 be gradually sub/itut$ = transport animals1 ! tr\bles caus$ by ! tsetse fly & o!r pe/s be+ ?us avoid$4 ,! s*eme "h 9 "q is c]ta9ly an ambiti\s "o1 consid]+ t ! ,sudan cov]s an area ( #a1jjj1jjj squ>e miles1 & is equal 9 ext5t to ! :ole ( ,briti% ,india2 b already ! outlook is mo/ promis+4 ,= twelve ye>s be=e its rescue f hea!nism by ! ,briti% & ,egyptian =ces 9 #ahih1 ,kh>t\m1 :i* =m]ly _h a population ( #ej1jjj1 0 repres5t$ by ! mass ( ru9s to :i* x _h be5 r$uc$ by ord] ( ! ,khalifa4 ,to-day x is a l>ge1 beautiful1 & well-built city1 possess$ ( a ,gov]nor-,g5]al's palace1 ca!drals1 a mosque1 s*ools1 hospitals1 hotels1 broad /reets1 public g>d5s1 b\lev>ds1 impos+ bus9ess premises1 a good wat] supply1 electric light1 tramways1 f]ries1 & o!r ess5tials ( a capital city ( ! mo/ progressive type4 ,kh>t\m itself has n[ ab\t #cj1jjj inhabitants2 9 ,kh>t\m ,nor?1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,blue ,nile1 !re are #bj1jjj1 & 9 ,omdurman #gj1jjj1 a total ( #abj1jjj = ! ?ree si/] cities4 ,n only1 also1 h ! natives1 once liv+ "u ! t]ror ( _! oppressors1 settl$ d[n to peaceful pursuits1 b _m ?\s&s ( immigrants h come into ! ,sudan f ,we/ ,africa 7a /rik+ te/imony ( ! confid5ce felt by native tribes 9 ! ju/ice & security ( ,briti% rule71 :ile great expansion has tak5 place 9 ! comm]cial int]e/s ( ! ,sudan & m especially 9 ! export ( cattle & %eep4 ,9 ! br++ ab\t ( ^! developm5ts1 affect+ ! peace & prosp]ity ( s huge a c\ntry & ( s _m millions ( p1 ! ,sudan ,milit>y ,railways h play$ a lead+ "p4 ,!y r5d]$ possible1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! conque/ ( ! ,sudan1 & !n 7save = ! n[ ab&on$ l9e f ,wady ,halfa to ,k]ma7 !y became1 ) _! ext5sions & improvem5ts1 ! sy/em ( ,sudan ,gov]nm5t ,railways1 hav+ _! bran*es to-day bo? f ,atb>a to ,port ,sudan & ,suak91 on ! ,r$ ,sea1 & f ,abu ,ham$ to ,k>eima1 on ! s\? side ( ! great ,nile b5d1 :5ce !re is free communication by wat] to ! ?ird cat>act at ,k]ma4 ,concurr5tly1 also1 ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! railway ext5sion s*emes1 & 9 ord] to make great] provision = ! prospective increase ( traffic1 #dfj miles ( ! l9e nor? ( ,kh>t\m 7 relaid ) #ge-lb4 rails1 9 place ( ! #ej-lb4 rails orig9ally us$1 & ! :ole ( ! track f ,kh>t\m to ,el ,obeid 0 also laid ) ! heavi] rails4 ,s we are enabl$ to reg>d milit>y railways f /ill ano!r po9t ( view--t1 namely1 9 :i* !y may develop into l9es ( p]man5t communication & promote ! bless+s ( peace & security no less ?an af=d unque/ionable advantages 9 ! prosecution ( w>4 ,o!r examples ( a simil> k9d might be (f]$ f ! hi/ory ( ,briti% rule 9 ,africa2 b ! record ( :at has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! ,sudan may suffice to e/abli% ! fur!r claim "h pres5t$ z to ! v>i$ purposes t milit>y railways may s]ve4 ,,footnotes3 #cf ,see lecture by ,capt4 ,c4 ,e4 ,lu>d1 ,r4,e41 on ,field ,railways & _! g5]al application 9 w>4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 vol4 xvii1 #ahgc4 #cg ,! ,abyss9ian ,railway4 ,by ,lieut4 ,willans1 ,r4,e4 ,pap]s on ,subjects ,connect$ ) ! ,duties ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,new ,s]ies4 ,vol4 xviii4 #ahgj4 #ch ,! ,con/ruction ( ,milit>y ,railways dur+ ! ,russo-,turki% ,w> ( #ahgg-h4 ,by ,capta9 ,m4 ,t4 ,sale1 ,r4,e4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 vol4 xxiv1 #ahha4 ,de la ,con/ruction des ,*em9s de ,f] en temps de gu]re4 ,lignes con/ruites p> l'arme russe p5dant la campagne #ahgg-gh4 ,p> ,m4 ,p4 ,less>1 ,+nieur du ,g\v]nem5t russe4 ,traduit du russe p> ,m4 ,l4 ,avril4 ,p>is1 #ahgi4 #ci ,! ,sudan ,milit>y ,railway4 ,by ,lieut4 ,m4 ,na?an1 ,r4,e4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,occasional ,pap]s1 vol4 xi1 #ahhe4 #dj ,9 8 dispat* ( ,may #cj1 #ahhe1 ,sir ,g]ald ,graham said conc]n+ ^! ,volunte]s3 ,_! s]vices w\ld h be5 ( great value _h ! campaign la/$ long]4 ,z x 0 ! ,volunte]s work$ well ) _! comrades ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s4444 ,x may be consid]$ ! fir/ exp]im5t 9 associat+ ! ,volunte] =ce ) a combatant bran* ( ! ,regul> ,army on active s]vice4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,railways ,,9 ,,! ,,bo] ,,w> ,! ,s\? ,african campaign ( #ahii-aijb af=d$ to ,great ,brita9 & to ,briti% ,imp]ial int]e/s _! greate/1 mo/ in/ructive1 &1 also1 _! mo/ anxi\s exp]i5ces1 d[n to t "t1 n only ( ! s]vices railways c r5d] 9 ! conduct ( w>1 b ( ! difficulties & complications :i* may result f _! employm5t1 & especially f dep5d5ce on !m = ! purposes ( milit>y transport2 ?\gh1 9 ! result1 ! s]vices s r5d]$ 7 a mat]ial factor 9 ! success by :i* ! milit>y op]ations c>ri$ out by ! ,briti% =ces 7 cr[n$4 ,:5 ! ,bo]s decl>$ w> 9 ,octob]1 #ahii1 ! v>i\s railway sy/ems1 work+ 9 direct communication ) "o ano!r1 9 ,s\? ,africa1 _h a total l5g? ( #d1bfh miles1 namely1 ,briti% ,s\? ,africa1 #c1bfg2 ! ,transvaal1 #iah2 ! ,orange ,free ,/ate1 #chh2 & 9 ,portuguese t]ritory1 #ee4 ,^! railways consi/$ ( s+le-track1 n>r[-gauge l9es 7#c feet #f in*es71 nev] design$ = su* heavy traffic z ! transport ( an army & all its imp$im5ta w\ld involve2 b x 0 obvi\s f ! fir/ t !y mu/ ne$s play a "p ( p>am\nt importance 9 ! campaign4 ,indep5d5tly ( all t 0 involv$ 9 ! conveyance ( troops1 munitions1 supplies1 etc41 f ,engl& to ! ,cape1 !re 0 ! consid]ation t f ,cape ,t[n1 ! pr9cipal base ( our =ces1 to ,pretoria1 _! ev5tual objective1 ! di/ance 0 #a1jdj miles4 ,f ,port ,elizabe? x 0 #gdj miles1 & f ,durban #eaa miles4 ,j\rneys su* z ^! c\ld be made only by rail1 & !re 0 se5 to be an imp]ative ne$1 n only = ! railways !mselves1 b = an organisation :i* w\ld1 among o!r ?+s1 sup]9t5d milit>y rail-transport 9 ord] to ensure effici5cy 9 ! movem5t ( troops1 /ores1 etc41 &1 also1 provide = ! spe$y repair or rebuild+ ( damag$ l9es z well z = ! op]ation ( l9es tak5 possession ( 9 ! captur$ t]ritory4 ,9 view ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ev5ts 9 ! ,transvaal1 & z a precaution>y measure1 ! #h? 7,railway7 ,company1 ,royal ,eng9e]s1 0 s5t out to ! ,cape 9 ,july1 #ahii2 & :51 subsequ5tly1 ! dispat* ( an ,army ,corps 0 be+ arrang$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 x 0 decid$ to create a ,dep>tm5t ( ,milit>y ,railways1 ( :i* ,major ,gir\>d1 ,r4,e4 7n[ ,major-,g5]al ,sir ,e4 ,p]cy ,c4 ,gir\>d1 ,k4,c4,m4,g471 :o _h r5d]$ su* valuable s]vices 9 connection ) milit>y railways 9 ! ,sudan1 & 0 !n ,presid5t ( ! ,egyptian ,railway ,adm9i/ration1 0 put 9 *>ge z ,director ( ,railways = ! ,s\? ,african ,field ,=ce4 ,a numb] ( o!r ,royal ,eng9e] (fic]s :o _h _h exp]i5ce ( railway "w 9 ,india & o!r p>ts ( ! ,briti% ,empire 7 select$ to s]ve z ,assi/ant ,directors or /aff (fic]s 9 v>i\s capacities1 & ! #aj? 7,railway7 ,company1 ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ) ! #f?1 #bj?1 #ca/ & #dbnd ,=tress ,companies1 7 s5t to jo9 ! #h? 7,railway7 ,company 9 ! c>ry+ out ( railway "w4 ,,organisation ,,& ,,control ,! creation ( ?is ,dep>tm5t ( ,milit>y ,railways = ,s\? ,africa c>ri$ /ill fur!r ! developm5t ( ^? que/ions ( organisation & control :i*1 z we h se51 _h already rais$ important issues 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,g]many1 & 9 ,france4 ,accord+ to ! (ficial ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 #ahii-aijb1 ! ,director & 8 /aff 7 7#a7 to be ! int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! ,army & ! te*nical work+ adm9i/ration ( ! railway2 7#b7 to see t ! ord9>y work+ ( ! railway 0 c>ri$ on 9 su* a mann] z to ensure ! greate/ milit>y effici5cy2 & 7#c7 to satisfy ! dem&s ( ! ,army on ! railway )\t disorganis+ ! work+ ( ! railway sy/em z a :ole4 ,9 w>1 ! (ficial ,hi/ory fur!r decl>es1 ^! s]vices are ess5tial1 = ! (fic]s ( a civil railway adm9i/ration _c discrim9ate betwe5 ! dem&s ( ! v>i\s bran*es & dep>tm5ts ( ! ,army1 or class !m 9 ! ord] ( urg5cy4 ,?is is p]fectly true ( ! civil railway adm9i/ration1 & x is only :at c\ld be expect$ ( railwaym5 :o1 :ile compet5t to dis*>ge _! ord9>y railway duties1 might n be well v]s$ 9 milit>y matt]s1 & ought n to be left ) ! responsibility ( decid+ betwe5 ! possibly conflict+ ord]s ( diff]5t milit>y comm&]s4 ,all ! same1 !re 0 ano!r side to ! "q2 & ?is is dealt ) by ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,railways dur+ ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 :]e9 he says1 9 reg>d to rail transport conditions 9 "t ( w>3-- ,milit>y comm&]s :o h n previ\sly /udi$ ! work+ ( a railway attempt to seize & "w ! portion ( l9e ne>e/ to !m1 reg>dless ( ! rema9d] ( ! sy/em4 ,!y (t5 look ^u trucks z ano!r =m ( commiss>iat wagon :i* may be kept load$ = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,!y expect tra9s to /op & (f-load1 or load1 on ! ma9 l9e4 ,!y l to h a numb] ( tra9s ready1 ei!r load$ or unload$1 9 case !y %\ld be requir$4 ,!y are apt to give ord]s = l>ge entra9m5ts & detra9m5ts to be c>ri$ out at any "p ( ! l9e1 reg>dless ( ! railway facilities at t po9t1 al?\gh p]haps a suitable place is )9 reasonable di/ance4 ,frequ5tly !y h be5 kn[n to c\nt]m& _! ord]s = entra9m5ts1 he$less ( ! fact t1 once arrangem5ts h be5 made to conc5trate roll+ /ock on a c]ta9 place1 x takes "t to alt] ^! arrangem5ts1 & is sure to cause confusion4 ,_m ( !m expect railway accommodation = troops to be on a lib]al scale1 & consid] t !re is no necessity1 :5 close to a railway1 to make any ef=t to cut d[n baggage & /ores4444 ,comm&ants ( po/s on ! l9e1 :i* are v (t5 plac$ at railway /ations1 are incl9$ to ?9k t1 because !y are call$ /ation comm&ants1 x means t !y are 9 *>ge ( ! railway /ation1 & c give ord]s to railway (ficials z to traffic & o!r matt]s4444 ,civil railway (ficials h be5 he>d to say t attacks by ! enemy are n ne>ly s di/urb+ to traffic z ! arrival ( a fri5dly ,g5]al ) 8 =ce4 ,x 0 "u ^! circum/ances t ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d saw f ! fir/ ! necessity = hav+ 9 ,s\? ,africa1 = ! duration ( ! w>1 a /aff ( (fic]s ^: bus9ess x w\ld be1 z he himself def9es _! duties1 7a7 to keep ! milit>y comm&]s fully in=m$ ( ! capacity & possibilities ( ! railway1 & to convey _! ord]s & reque/s to ! civil railway /aff2 & 7b7 to protect ! civil railway adm9i/ration f int]f]5ce by milit>y comm&]s & comm&ants ( po/s2 9 fact1 to act z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! army & ! civil railway (ficials4 ,9 arriv+ at ?is conclusion ,sir ,p]cy 0 especially impress$ by ! rail transport exp]i5ces ( ,france 9 h] w> ) ,prussia 9 #ahgj-a2 & 9 8 ,report he gives a dige/ ( ,jacqm9's facts & recomm5dations by way ( fur!r ju/ify+ ! /ep t he himself took4 ,he ?\ght x absolutely necess>y t ! /aff ( ! ,director ( ,railways %\ld be p>am\nt on ! railway1 & t no (fic] %\ld be able to give any ord]s to railway /aff (fic]s or o!r railway (ficials unless fight+ 0 actually proce$+ at t spot4 ,?is1 he adds1 0 ! sy/em adopt$ ) great success by ! ,g]mans1 ! want ( :i* caus$ su* *aos on ! ,fr5* railways1 & ! correctness ( :i* has be5 entirely e/abli%$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ?is w>4 ,x is n too mu* to say t1 unless x _h be5 adopt$ 9 ,s\? ,africa1 ! *aos w\ld h be5 pa/ belief4 ,! ,milit>y ,railway ,controll+-,/aff creat$1 9 accordance ) ^! pr9ciples & policy1 to co-op]ate ) ! te*nical work+ /aff "u ! ,director ( ,railways1 0 con/itut$ z foll[s3-- ,i4 ,an ,assi/ant-,director ( ,railways = ,cape ,colony1 :o 0 on ! /aff bo? ( ! ,director ( ,railways & on t ( ! ,g5]al ,(fic] ,comm&+ ,l9es ( ,communication1 ,cape ,colony4 ,8 bus9ess x 0 to co-op]ate ) ! ,g5]al ,traffic ,manag] ( ! ,cape ,gov]nm5t ,railway1 9 ^: (fice he 0 giv5 accommodation4 ,9 ?is dual capacity x 0 8 duty to in=m bo? ! ,g5]al ,(fic] ,comm&+ & ! ,director z to ! traffic capacities ( ! railways2 to take ! ord]s ( ! ,g4,o4,c4 :ile advis+ him z to ! be/ me?od ( c>ry+ !m out2 to in=m ! railway (ficials :at 0 requir$1 &1 ,sir ,p]cy adds1 9 giv+ ^! details1 to protect !m f int]f]5ce by unau?oris$ milit>y (fic]s4 ,x 0 ! duty1 also1 ( ! ,assi/ant-,director to see t prop] regulations 7 issu$ to ! ,army = 7a7 ! effici5t conduct ( entra9m5ts & detra9m5ts2 7b7 ! =w>d+ ( /ores1 & 7c7 ! keep+ ( f9ancial acc\nts 9 respect to ! use made ( ! l9es = milit>y purposes4 ,z betwe5 ! ,g5]al ,(fic] ,comm&+ & ! ,*ief ,traffic ,manag]1 ! ,assi/ant-,director ( ,railways 0 ! sole *annel ( communication4 ,,ii4 ,f\r ,deputy-,assi/ant-,directors1 und]tak+ simil> duties ov] p>ticul> sections ( ! railway sy/em4 ,,iii4 ,railway ,/aff ,(fic]s1 locat$ at lead+ /ations to sup]9t5d all important movem5ts1 & con/itut+ ! only means ( communication betwe5 ! ,army & ! /ationma/]s4 ,! latt] 7 to take ord]s 9 respect to milit>y requirem5ts f no "o else1 & 71 9 turn1 to be protect$ by ! railway /aff (fic]s f int]f]5ce ) by o!r (fic]s hav+ no au?ority to give !m direct ord]s4 ,! defective /ep 9 ! s*eme1 z orig9ally plann$1 0 9 respect to ! railway /aff (fic]s1 :o1 ( all ^? con/itut+ ! ,milit>y ,railway ,controll+ ,/aff1 71 "u ,army ,regulations1 on ! /aff ( (fic]s comm&+ l9es ( communication & ?us n controll$ by ! ,director ( ,railways4 ,! (fic]s 9 "q1 ?\gh *>g$ ) ! duty ( look+ aft] entra9m5ts1 detra9m5ts1 etc41 7 9 no way to int]f]e ) ! railway /aff 9 ! %unt+ or m>%all+ ( tra9s or 9 reg>d to ! traffic arrangem5ts g5]ally4 ,= ?is reason ! fram]s ( ! ,army ,regulations _h assum$ t !re 0 no ne$ = ! railway /aff (fic]s to h any k ( railway op]ation1 or to be "u ! control ( o!rs :o did possess su* k4 ,aft] ! annexation ( ! ,orange ,free ,/ate railways1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,/aff agre$ t ! railway /aff (fic]s 9 t ,/ate %\ld be "u ! ord]s ( ! ,director ( ,railways ?r\gh 8 ,deputy-,assi/ant-,directors2 & a l c\rse 0 adopt$ %ortly aft]w>ds 9 respect to ! railway /aff (fic]s 9 ,cape ,colony4 ,9 ?is way an undivid$ *a9 ( responsibility 0 secur$1 af=d+ a mu* great] gu>antee ( effici5cy alike 9 control & 9 actual op]ation4 ,conc]n+ ! ,deputy-,assi/ant-,directors1 ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d says !y 7 f\nd to be ( great b5efit to ! railway (ficials1 :o appreciat$ _! "w & lab\r$ 9 he>ty co-op]ation ) !m2 ?\gh !y exp]i5c$ difficulty 9 e/abli%+ _! position ) ! ,g5]als & ,/aff (fic]s1 to :om ! arrangem5t 0 an entire novelty1 & "o !y did n at fir/ und]/&4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! pr9ciple ( milit>y control appli$ specially to ! l9es 9 ,cape ,colony1 ^? 9 ,natal be+ /ill op]at$ by ! ,natal ,gov]nm5t ,railway ,dep>tm5t1 ) c]ta9 assi/ance 9 ! matt] ( repairs2 ?\gh aft] eighte5 mon?s ( w>1 ! milit>y transport sy/em fir/ e/abli%$ 9 ,cape ,colony became uni=m ?r\gh\t ,briti% ,s\? ,africa4 ,,transport ,,conditions ,! ne$ = ! elaborate organisation ?us br\ght into exi/5ce 0 all ! great] because ( ! difficulties by :i* ^? responsible = ! conduct ( milit>y transport 7 fac$4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahii1 consid]able portions ( ! l9es bo? 9 ,cape ,colony & 9 ,natal 7 9 ! possession ( ! ,bo]s1 s t1 beyond a c]ta9 di/ance1 ! ,briti% w\ld h to fight = e mile ( railway be=e !y c\ld make use ( x4 ,aft]1 also1 rega9+ possession ( ! l9es on ,briti% t]ritory controll$ by ! ,bo]s1 !y w\ld require fir/ to capture & !n to op]ate ^? on ! enemy's t]ritory2 & 9 ea* case !y w\ld h to be prep>$ to repair ! damage ! enemy w\ld be c]ta9 to d to ! l9es 9 ord] to prev5t _! use by ! advanc+ =ces4 ,mean:ile ! traffic mu/ be kept op51 z f> z possible1 = ! conveyance ( troops & /ores to ! !atre ( w> & = ! c>ry+ out ( su* /rategic movem5ts z ! requirem5ts ( ! milit>y situation might r5d] necess>y1 adequate protection ( ! l9es be+ mean:ile assur$4 ,!re 71 9 fact1 occasions :5 ! :ole issue ( ! campaign seem$ to turn ^u ! "q z to :e!r or n ! ,briti% c\ld ei!r secure possession ( ! railways or1 alt]natively1 repair !m z fa/1 m or less1 z ! enemy c\ld demoli% !m4 ,al?\gh1 aga91 s elaborate a sy/em ( organisation _h be5 arrang$1 !re 0 mu* t requir$ to be done to adapt x to ! conditions ( ,african w>f>e4 ,initial mi/akes _h to be rem$i$2 old evils reappe>$ 9 new =ms2 regulations _h to be made or modifi$ accord+ to exp]i5ces ga9$2 &1 :ile !re 0 at no "t any g5]al failure ( transport1 !re c]ta9ly 7 p>tial failures4 ,n only 0 !re an inadequate supply ( trucks1 p>tly because ( ! consid]able numb] 9 ! ,bo] ,/ates at ! "t ( ! decl>ation ( w> & p>tly because ( ! numb] lock$ up 9 ,kimb]ley & ,mafek+1 b trucks 7 kept load$ :5 !y %\ld h be5 promptly unload$ & releas$ = s]vice else:]e2 l9es 7 s]i\sly block$ at critical mom5ts by ^! load$ trucks1 :ile *aos 9 c]ta9 l>ge troop movem5ts 0 only avoid$ ow+ to ! control ( ,cape ,t[n facilities by ! ,director's /aff & to ! fact t ! ,deputy-,assi/ant-,directors ( ,railways 7 enabl$ to h special (fic]s at all important po9ts4 ,,h[ ,,! ,,sy/em ,,work$ ,z reg>ds ! op]ation ( ! railways dur+ ! w> ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d says3-- ,al?\gh n1 p]haps1 s mu* a matt] ( railway z ( g5]al /aff adm9i/ration1 a ^w %\ld be said z to ! me?ods :]eby ! v limit$ res\rces ( ! s+le l9e ( railway communication 7 allott$ to ensure an equal att5tion to ! requirem5ts ( ! ,army z a :ole4 ,! allocation ( railway facilities 0 res]v$ /rictly to ! ,*ief ( ,/aff1 )\t ^: ord]1 9 ea* case1 no?+ c\ld pass by rail t[>ds ! front4 ,! numb] ( tra9s1 or1 m accurately1 ! numb] ( trucks :i* c\ld be haul$ daily 9 ! up direction1 be+ communicat$ by ! railway au?orities to ,"l ,kit*5]1 he plac$ a numb]1 liable to v>y f day to day1 at ! disposal ( ! supply & rem\nt dep>tm5ts1 ei!r g5]ally = ! ma9t5ance ( _! depts or = specific traffic4 ,! numb] res]v$ = hospital1 ordnance1 eng9e] & special /ores 0 ev5 m closely calculat$1 & ! dem&s ( ^! dep>tm5ts _h to be submitt$ = approval 9 ! utmo/ detail4 ,all au?orisations 7 pass$ to ! railway repres5tatives at ,headqu>t]s1 ^: bus9ess x 0 to notify :5 ! total ( su* ord]s out/&+ = dispat* f ! advanc$ base 0 exce$+ ! accommodation :i* c\ld be provid$ )9 a reasonable "t "u ! s*eme ( proportion 9 =ce = ! "t be+4 ,9 su* case ! issue ( p]mits fell tempor>ily into abeyance1 or ! out/&+ li/ 0 revis$ to accord ) ! necessities ( ! mom5t4 ,no truck c\ld be load$ & no troops dispat*$ by rail )\t su* au?ority1 ) ! s+le exception ( details & small p>ties1 :o 7 inv>iably made to travel ^u ! load$ supply trucks4 ,propos$ troop movem5ts by rail requir+ sep>ate accommodation _h to be c>efully consid]$ 9 view ( ! supply traffic !y w\ld displace1 &1 :5 "t p]mitt$1 7 g5]ally made by road4 ,x 0 ?is sy/em alone :i* co-ord9at$ ! railway requirem5ts ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts & did s mu* to falsify previ\sly accept$ figures z to ! limits ( ! fight+ =ce :i* c\ld be ma9ta9$ by a s+le l9e ( railway4 ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,milit>y ,,railways ,foll[+ ! que/ions :i* arose z to ! work+ ( railways on ,briti% t]ritory )9 ! sph]e ( ! milit>y op]ations came ^? conc]n+ ! railways tak5 f ! enemy 9 ! ,bo] ,/ates1 & conv]t$ into a sy/em ( ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways = :i* ! ,dep>tm5t also became responsible4 ,! occupation ( ,bloemfonte9 l$ to t place becom+ ! base ( supplies = an army ( #ce1jjj m51 likely to increase to #ajj1jjj1 :ile ev5tually ! ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways includ$ #a1acj miles ( l9e4 ,effici5t op]ation ?us became a matt] ( grave importance1 & ! task to be accompli%$ 0 "o ( consid]able magnitude1 especially consid]+ t a /aff = ! work+ ( ! sy/em _h to be creat$4 ,9 ! traffic & locomotive dep>tm5ts alone no few] ?an #c1jjj :ite work]s 7 ne$$4 ,_m ( ! employs ( ! ,ne!rl&s ,railway ,company 7 kept on1 ev5 at ! risk ( _! %[+ ho/ility to ! ,briti%2 b ! numb] :o ?us made !mselves available 0 q inadequate1 ev5 if !y c\ld all h be5 tru/$4 ,! ,cape ,gov]nm5t ,railways 7 drawn on to ! fulle/ possible ext5t = work]s2 ! ,railway & ! ,=tress ,companies ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s 9 ,s\? ,africa 7 employ$ 9 op]at+ ! l9es2 railwaym5 9 ! ,special ,railway ,res]ve 9 ,engl& 7 s5t =1 &1 ( ! rema9+ po/s1 f #hjj to #a1jjj 7 fill$--! approval ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief be+ fir/ obta9$--by invit+ soldi]s & res]vi/s s]v+ 9 ! ,army :o _h _h exp]i5ce ( railway "w 9 civil life to jo9 ! /aff ( ! ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways1 pay at ,royal ,eng9e] rates be+ gu>ante$ to !m4 ,positions ( ! lea/ importance 7 fill$ by m5 :o _h _h no previ\s railway exp]i5ce at all4 ,railway /aff (fic]s 7 also obta9$ ma9ly f among ! troops2 ?\gh _m ev5 ( ^!1 be+ unfamili> ) ! details ( railway op]ation1 _h to be taught _! special duties be=e !y c\ld attempt to dis*>ge !m4 ,on ,septemb] #cj1 #aijj1 ! /aff employ$ on ! ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways compris$ close on #ah1jjj (fic]s & m54 ,f ! "t ^! railways 7 br\ght "u ! control ( ! ,briti% =ces to ,augu/ #ca1 #aijj1 !y c>ri$ #agg1jjj pass5g]s1 #hf1jjj animals1 & #ebj1jjj tons ( goods4 ,z ! moral to be drawn f 8 exp]i5ces 9 hav+ to create1 "u circum/ances ( exceptional difficulty1 a /aff = ! op]ation ( railways captur$ f ! enemy1 ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d says3-- ,! ,s\? ,african campaign has fully %[n ! necessity ( hav+ a numb] ( traffic employs regi/]$ 9 peace "t1 :o are paid a small reta9+ fee :i* w r5d] !m liable to be call$ out 9 case ( w> at home or abroad4 ,! want ( ?is sy/em =c$ ! ,director ( ,railways 9 ,s\? ,africa to employ a l>ge numb] ( m5 :o _h be5 employ$ by ! enemy1 & :o c\ld n be reli$ on1 & also to )draw f ! fight+-l9e a l>ge numb] ( soldi]s ) railway exp]i5ce prior to enli/m5t2 & he 0 compell$ to "w ! railways ) ?is het]og5e\s mass ( individuals ^: qualifications 7 unkn[n4 ,! am\nt ( correspond5ce entail$ ov] conditions ( s]vice1 pay1 transf]1 etc41 ( all ^! m51 com+ f diff]5t p>ts ( ,s\? ,africa & f diff]5t units1 0 trem5d\s4 ,! regi/ration sy/em w\ld also arrange = ! m5 on ! railways be+ subject to ,milit>y ,law1 ! necessity = :i* has be5 cle>ly prov$4 ,,repair ,,( ,,railways ,:il/ all ^! arrangem5ts 9 reg>d to op]ation & transport 7 ?us be+ p]fect$1 ! ne$ _h aris5 = an equally complete organisation 9 ano!r direction1 t1 namely1 ( provid+ = ! repair or re/oration ( railway l9es damag$ or de/roy$ by ! enemy4 ,s9ce ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> ! art ( railway demolition _h made consid]able advance by reason ( ! use = ?is purpose ( dynamite--an ag5cy :i* 0 n[ to be employ$ v freely by ! ,bo]s4 ,) dynamite !y easily blew up ! bridges1 or mat]ial portions !re(2 !y de/roy$ ! track = consid]able di/ances by ! simple process ( explod+ dynamite c>tridges "u alt]nate rail-jo9ts2 !y wreck$ culv]ts1 pumps & wat] tanks1 & !y effectively damag$ locomotives :i* !y _h n "t or opportunity to remove4 ,!n1 among o!r ?+s1 !y d]ail$ eng9es & trucks by means ( m9es2 !y caus$ ob/ructions by ?r[+ d[n into ! railway cutt+s b\ld]s ( up to two or ?ree tons 9 weight2 !y cut telegraph l9es2 !y remov$ or sma%$ up in/rum5ts & batt]ies at railway /ations2 !y wreck$ ! /ations2 !y burn$ _m railway trucks1 or o!rwise r5d]$ !m useless2 !y set fire to /acks ( fuel1 &1 :5 dynamite c>tridges 7 n available1 !y depriv$ ! locomotives ( _! vital p>ts & tore up consid]able l5g?s ( rails4 ,by ,decemb]1 #ahii1 x _h become evid5t t ! ,railway ,companies & ! ,=tress ,companies ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 s5t out to ! ,cape & br\ght up to _! fulle/ /r5g?1 w\ld be unequal to ! requirem5ts ( ! prospective situation4 ,! ,railway ,corps ?us =m$ 01 accord+ly1 augm5t$ by a ,railway ,pione] ,regim5t1 compos$ ( m9]s1 artisans & lab\r]s :o _h be5 employ$ at ,cape ,t[n or ,johannesburg1 volunte]s f ! ranks ( ! ,army 7pref]5ce be+ giv5 to ^? already possess$ ( exp]i5ce 9 railway "w71 & employs ( ! ,orange ,free ,/ate ,railway4 ,"s ,field ,railway ,sections1 creat$ to =m ! nucleus ( a /aff to take ov] ! work+ ( railways 9 ! enemy's c\ntry became con/ruction p>ties1 do+ repairs only1 & hav+ no control ( traffic except at railhead4 ,9 addition to all ^!1 a l>ge numb] ( natives 7 engag$ ?r\gh ,native ,lab\r ,depts op5$ at ,de ,a>1 ,bloemfonte9 & ,johannesburg1 ! numb] s employ$ at any "o "t atta9+ a maximum ( ab\t #bj1jjj4 ,x 0 9 ! ,orange ,free ,/ate & ! ,transvaal t ! ,bo]s display$ _! greate/ activity 9 ! way ( railway de/ruction4 ,at ,norval's ,pont & ,be?ulie !y broke d[n ! bridges cross+ ! ,orange ,riv]1 :i* divid$ ,cape ,colony f ! ,orange ,free ,/ate4 ,be=e leav+ ,bloemfonte9 7occupi$ by ! ,briti% ,m>* #ac1 #aijj71 !y de/roy$ all ! bridges & all ! culv]ts on ! railway 9 _! re>2 !y blew up miles ( ! p]man5t way1 & !y left ! railway itself an almo/ complete wreck4 ,nor? ( ,bloemfonte9 !y pursu$ simil> tactics along #ahj miles ( track1 on :i* !y wreck$ m or less completely no few] ?an fifty bridges1 includ+ ! "o ov] ! ,vaal ,riv]--a high /ructure ) sev5 spans ea* ( #acj feet4 ,no soon]1 too1 _h ! l9e be5 reop5$ z f> z ,johannesburg ?an ,comm&ant ,de ,wet made a raid on x & undid all t ! repair+ p>ties _h done ov] a l5g? ( ?irty miles4 ,spe$ily foll[+ ! re-e/abli%+ ( rail communication ) ,pretoria1 ! ,bo]s began a fre% s]ies ( gu]illa attacks on ! l9es bo? 9 ! ,transvaal & 9 ! ,orange ,free ,/ate2 & !y cont9u$ ^! attacks = mon?s--until1 9 fact1 _! p[] = do+ fur!r mis*ief _h be5 f9ally *eck$4 ,9 c>ry+ out repairs & recon/ruction "w ( su* vital importance to ! advance & security ( ! ,briti% =ces1 ! policy adopt$ by ! ,director ( ,railways 0 t ( employ+ ,royal ,eng9e]s to d rapid tempor>y repairs--) a view to hav+ a l9e ( "s sort made available ) ! lea/ possible delay--& leav+ p]man5t or ev5 semi-p]man5t repairs to ! ,railway ,pione] ,regim5t4 ,at conv5i5t sid+s on ! railways ?r\gh\t ! !atre ( w> con/ruction tra9s 7 /ation$ 9 *>ge ( p]man5t-way inspectors & sections ( ,royal ,eng9e]s :o _h at _! disposal1 at ea* ( su* sid+s1 a gang ( m5--:ites & natives--v>y+ 9 numb] f #cjj to #a1jjj1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,infantry work+-p>ties 7 also obta9$ :]ev] possible4 ,gang]s began a patrol ( ! l9es at dawn4 ,in=mation z to any break or al>m 0 communicat$ to ! ne>e/ milit>y po/ & telegraph$ to ! ,deputy-,sup]9t5d5t ( ,works1 :o !reupon ord]$ ! dispat* ( a con/ruction tra9 to ! sc5e ( any report$ or prospective break )\t wait+ = confirmation ( ! news receiv$ or ( ! suspicions ar\s$4 ,?is well-organis$ sy/em op]at$ to great advantage4 ,at #b4cj a4m4 on ,janu>y #a1 #aija1 = in/ance1 in=mation rea*$ ! ,deputy-,sup]9t5d5t ( ,works at ,bloemfonte9 t a break ( ! l9e _h occurr$ at ,wolvehoek1 sixty-?ree miles di/ant4 ,! con/ruction tra9 0 in/antly dispat*$1 & ! repairs 7 complet$ by #h a4m4 ,rail communication ) ,johannesburg1 not)/&+ ! great am\nt ( de/ruction done by ! ,bo]s1 0 re/or$ )9 elev5 days ( ! arrival ( ,"l ,rob]ts at t place4 ,x 0 re/or$ to ,pretoria )9 sixte5 days ( ! occupation !re( by our troops4 ,on ! we/]n side1 :]e ! enemy _h be5 no less active ?an 9 ! ,orange ,free ,/ate1 rail communication 0 reop5$ )9 ?irte5 days ( ! relief ( ,mafek+4 ,9 ! (ficial report on ,field ,transport 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>1 x is said 9 reg>d to ! ,railways ,dep>tm5t3-- ,all tempor>y repairs 9 ! ,cape ,colony1 ,transvaal1 & ,orange ,riv] ,colony 7 c>ri$ out1 ) a few exceptions1 by ! milit>y railway /aff4 ,up to #ca ,octob]1 #aijj1 ^! tempor>y repairs includ$ ! re/oration ( sev5ty-five bridges1 n9ety-f\r culv]ts1 & #cg miles ( l9e4 ,a detail ( ! g5]al advance f ,bloemfonte9 to ,johannesburg1 a di/ance ( #bfe miles1 w give "s idea ( ! exp$ition ) :i* repairs 7 affect$4 ,! p]iod dur+ :i* ! advance 0 be+ made 0 f #c ,may to #aa ,june1 #aijj1 9 :i* space ( "t ! foll[+ tempor>y repairs 7 execut$3 ,tw5ty-sev5 bridges1 =ty-"o culv]ts1 #aj miles ( l9e1 includ+ sev5 deviations1 v>y+ 9 l5g? f #bjj y>ds to #b miles4 ,f #f ,june to #ae ,novemb]1 #aijj1 ! ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways 7 m or less s]i\sly damag$ by ! enemy on #aae occasions1 b all su* damages 7 promptly repair$1 & did n mat]ially affect ! work+ ( ! railways1 except t ! runn+ ( tra9s aft] d>k _h to be susp5d$4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod fully #fj p] c5t4 ( damag$ bridges & culv]ts 7 p]man5tly or semi-p]man5tly repair$4 ,( bridges1 ov] #bjj1 ) spans rang+ f n9e feet to #acj feet1 7 de/roy$ :olly or 9 "p dur+ ! progress ( ! w>2 b ev5 "h ! spe$y re/oration ( traffic did n1 z a rule1 pres5t any v grave difficulty4 ,! c\rse g5]ally adopt$1 z "o suit$ to ,s\? ,african conditions1 01 n to />t at once on ! repair ( ! damag$ bridge1 b1 9 ord] to meet ! exig5cies ( ! mom5t1 to con/ruct a div]sion or deviation l9e alongside1 ) small l[-level bridges on pi]s1 built ( sleep]s & rails4#da ,^! deviation l9es (f]$ great disadvantages by reason ( _! %>p curves1 _! /eep approa*es & _! liability to be wa%$ away 9 wet wea!r4 ,! build+ ev5 ( tempor>y bridges across deep riv]s hav+ a consid]able volume ( wat] also caus$ inevitable delays4 ,b ! l9es 9 "q s]v$ _! purpose until ! recon/ruction ( ! damag$ bridges--tak5 9 h& z spe$ily z possible--c\ld be effect$4 ,anticipat+ ! ne$s = ?is m p]man5t "w1 ! ,director ( ,railways _h arrang$ be=e leav+ ,engl& = a supply ( gird]s1 simil> to ^? 9 use 9 ,s\? ,africa1 to be s5t out1 toge!r ) suffici5t timb]1 ( useful dim5sions1 to rebuild ! :ole ( ! railway bridges 9 ! ,orange ,free ,/ate1 %\ld x become necess>y s to d--z1 9 po9t ( fact1 x did4 ,( new rails he _h available1 at "o "t1 a total l5g? ( #cjj miles4 ,by ,octob]1 #aijj1 ! make%ift repairs complet$ on all ! l9es tak5 f ! enemy 7 be+ gradually conv]t$ into p]man5t or semi-p]man5t recon/ruction by ! ,works ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways2 b ! cont9u\s gu]illa raids ( ! enemy /ill made x impossible to run tra9s by night4 ,^! conditions l$ to a resort to ! sy/em ( blockh\ses :i*1 fir/ con/ruct$ = ! def5ce ( railway bridges 9 ,natal dur+ ! advance = ! relief ( ,ladysmi?1 & us$ ext5sively :5 ,"l ,rob]ts m>*$ f ,bloemfonte9 into ! ,transvaal1 leav+ a long track ( railway l9es beh9d him1 7 subsequ5tly s f> ext5d$ t ! :ole ( ! railway l9es 9 ! ,transvaal & ! ,orange ,riv] ,colony 7 provid$ ) !m4#db ,s well did !y answ] ! purpose t by ,april1 #aija1 ! wor/ ( ! tr\ble involv$ 9 ma9ta9+ railway communications 0 ov]1 al?\gh ano!r ye> 0 to elapse be=e peace 0 re/or$4 ,,milit>y ,,traffic ,an especially rem>kable a*ievem5t ) :i*1 "u ! v>i\s conditions "h n>rat$1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,milit>y ,railways is to be cr$it$ 0 9 connection ) ! conc5tration ( ! =ce ) :i* ,"l ,rob]ts m>*$ f ! ,modd] ,riv] to ,bloemfonte94 ,! movem5t began on ,janu>y #ba1 #aijj1 by :i* "t ! repairs ( ! l9es _h be5 complet$1 & )9 ?ree weeks no few] ?an #bj1jjj m51 #ac1eij horses & ov] #bd1jjj tons ( /ores _h be5 convey$ ov] a s+le l9e ( railway4 ,tak+ ! sum total ( ! milit>y traffic c>ri$ on ! ,cape ,gov]nm5t & ! ,natal ,gov]nm5t ,railways respectively dur+ ! w> p]iod1 we get ! foll[+ sub/antial figures3-- ,cape ,gov]nm5t ,railways1 f ,octob] #a1 #ahii1 to ,m>* #ca1 #aija3--,(fic]s1 m51 & o!r pass5g]s1 #a1bdg1jjj2 supplies1 etc41 #a1jeh1jjj tons2 horses & o!r live /ock1 #edj1cba1 besides _m wagons & guns4 ,natal ,gov]nm5t ,railways3--,(fic]s1 m51 prison]s ( w>1 sick & w\nd$1 wom5 & *ildr5 7includ+ ,bo] refugees71 natives & ,indians1 #ebb1ahf2 baggage & /ores1 supplies1 hay1 =age1 etc41 #hfa1jjj tons2 ammunition1 #i1ghd boxes2 guns1 #ded2 vehicles1 #f1dcj2 pontoons1 #dh2 traction eng9es1 #hd2 horses & o!r live /ock1 #cii1jjj4 ,,miscellane\s ,,s]vices ,! figures "h giv5 z to ! milit>y traffic c>ri$ d n repres5t ! full ext5t ( ! "w t 0 done by ! ,s\? ,african railways dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w>4 ,"o mu/ also take into acc\nt ! wide v>iety ( subsidi>y s]vices r5d]$1 & ^! are ! m des]v+ ( att5tion because !y %[1 m ?an _h1 p]haps1 be5 ! case 9 any previ\s w>1 t railways c af=d valuable aid 9 ! conduct ( a campaign ap>t f ! a*ievem5t ( _! fundam5tal purpose 9 ! transport ( m5 & matriel4 ,if we look at! li/ ( s]vices r5d]$ by ! ,natal ,gov]nm5t ,railways we f9d t ! ,railway ,dep>tm5t--9 addition to ! transport "w repres5t$ by ! above figures--adapt$ six arm\r$ tra9s2 prep>$ special c>riages = ! #f 94 & #dg 94 guns2 adapt$ & equipp$ ?ree hospital tra9s1 )draw+ = ?is purpose fully a qu>t] ( ! mo/ s]viceable c>riage /ock f ! ord9>y traffic2 wir$ & lamp$ ! hospitals at f\r diff]5t c5tres1 supply+ !m1 also1 ) electric curr5t2 m\nt$ ! electric se>*-light app>atus ) eng9e1 dynamo1 etc42 suppli$ #cj1jjj troops at ,col5so ) wat]2 f\nd ! plant & fuel at ,ladysmi? = cond5s+ wat] f ! ,klip ,riv] = #bj1jjj p]sons dur+ ! f\r mon?s' siege2 allott$ & arrang$ a portion ( ! goods-%$ z ! ,base ,m$ical ,/ores at ,durban1 & fitt$ up vans to foll[ ! army ) res]ve m$ical supplies4 ,! ,dep>tm5t's ,eng9e]+ ,/aff spe$ily re/or$1 or tempor>ily provid$--ei!r on ! ,natal sy/em or along #ajj miles ( ! ,transvaal railways1 :5 ^! pass$ "u control ( ! ,briti% =ces--#gb bridges & culv]ts1 v>y+ 9 l5g? f #aj to #fjj feet2 #cb diff]5t portions ( p]man5t way2 & _m wat] tanks1 etc4 ,! ,eng9e]+ ,/aff also effect$ 9 sev5 days a cle>ance ?r\gh ! ,lang's ,nek ,tunnel1 bl[n 9 by ! ,bo]s1 & con/ruct$ sev]al miles ( new l9es1 sid+s & deviations4 ,! ,natal ,railway ,pione] ,/aff advanc$ ) ,g5]al ,bull] & work$ ! ,ne!rl&s ,railway z f> z ,greyl+/ad1 #ajj miles beyond ,*>le/[n 7! po9t ( traffic ex*ange ) ! ,transvaal sy/em71 until ! l9e 0 tak5 ov] by ! ,imp]ial au?orities on ,augu/ #ae1 #aijj4 ,= ne>ly six mon?s1 up to ! relief ( ,ladysmi?1 says ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,francis ,h>rison1 f ^: (ficial "w on ,natal#dc ^! details are ma9ly tak51 ! ,natal l9es 7 robb$ ( ab\t #dj p] c5t4 ( _! total mileage & a quantity ( _! /ock4 ,on ! cle>ance ( ! enemy f ,natal & ! s\?-ea/]n portion ( ! ,transvaal1 l>ge supply depts 7 =m$ at ,newca/le1 ,volksru/1 ,/&]ton & int]m$iate po9ts2 & on ! jo9+ ( ! two ma9 portions ( ! ,briti% army at ,heidelb]g1 ! great] portion ( ! /ores = ! =ces 0 convey$ via ,natal2 & ?is cont9u$ unceas+ly until ! t]m9ation ( ho/ilities4 ,,arm\r$ ,,tra9s ,x 01 aga91 9 ! ,s\? ,african w> t arm\r$ tra9s und]w5t _! greate/ developm5t--d[n to t "t--= ! purposes alike ( l9e protection & ( attack on ! enemy1 al?\gh _! real usefulness & ! conditions necess>y to _! effici5t op]ation 7 n e/abli%$ until aft] c]ta9 e>ly exp]i5ces :i* _h t5d$ to ?r[ d\bts ^u _! effici5cy1 & _h ev5 l$ to _! be+ reg>d$ z ( little or no acc\nt = ! purposes ( w>4 ,9 view ( prospective requirem5ts1 five arm\r$ tra9s _h be5 con/ruct$ 9 advance 9 ! locomotive %ops at ,cape ,t[n & ano!r at ,natal4 ,o!rs 7 put toge!r %ortly aft]w>ds2 b "o ( ! ,cape tra9s 0 wreck$ by ! ,bo]s ! fir/ night ( ! w>1 & two ( ! ,natal tra9s 7 lock$ up 9 ,ladysmi?4 ,! rema9d] 7 employ$ on sc\t+ exp$itions dur+ ! e>li] phases ( ! w>4 ,_! use n be+ !n rightly und]/ood1 !y 7 (t5 s5t consid]able di/ances )\t any support1 ) ! result t "o ( ! ,natal tra9s 0 de/roy$ by ! ,bo]s at ,*ieveley1 on ,novemb] #ae1 #ahii1 & ! ,cape tra9s _h sev]al n>r[ escapes ( %>+ ! same fate4 ,on ! occupation ( ,bloemfonte9 by ! ,briti%1 m arm\r$ tra9s 7 con/ruct$ at ! railway work%ops !re1 & ev5tually ! numb] available 0 increas$ to a fleet ( tw5ty4 ,"u an improv$ sy/em ( control & op]ation1 & conv]t$1 by ! addition ( guns1 into :at 7 virtually batt]ies on :eels1 ! tra9s came to be reg>d$ z (f]+ possibilities ( mu* practical usefulness4 ,9 a lecture on ,railways 9 ,w>1 deliv]$ by him at ! ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 ,*a?am1 & report$ 9 ! ,royal ,eng9e]s ,j\rnal = ,july1 #aije1 ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d1 said3-- ,! ,s\? ,african ,w> at "o "t ?reat5$ to produce a siege1 t ( ,pretoria1 :]e fairly mod]n =ts ) mod]n armam5ts 7 kn[n to exi/4 ,at ! same "t ! enemy at ,modd] ,riv] 7 giv+ u "s tr\ble ) _! heavy artill]y4 ,! ,navy came to our rescue ) heavy ,b4,l4 guns m\nt$ on :eels4 ,) a view to try+ ! use ( ! railway itself1 x 0 po9t$ out t ! railway dep>tm5t _h bo? ! %ops & ! goodwill to m\nt heavy guns1 if requir$4 ,?is (f] 0 approv$1 & 9 a few weeks ! two heavie/ siege guns ev] se5 9 ! field 7 made ready4 ,! c>riages1 design$ by ! comb9$ wit ( ! ma*9]y (fic]s & ! ,*ief ,locomotive ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,cape ,gov]nm5t ,railway1 7 mo/ cr$itable a*ievem5ts1 old eng9e & t5d] frames be+ us$ z a f\ndation4 ,! guns m\nt$ 7 a #f-;in* ,b4,l41 & no less a mon/] ?an a #ib in* ,b4,l4 ,! #f-;in* w5t into action at ,modd] ,riv]4 ,x 0 deem$ unsafe to fix x at an angle ( m ?an sixte5 degrees to ei!r side ( ! c5tre l9e ( ! railway2 b by plac+ x on a s-call$ fir+ curve a wid] field ( fire 0 secur$4 ,! gun behav$ exce$+ly well 9 e way2 & lat] on x 0 fir$ at "r angles to ! railway1 )\t any damage ei!r to itself or to ! l9e4 ,! #ib-;in* gun gave good results 9 its trials1 b1 al?\gh x 0 run up to ,pretoria on its truck1 !re 0 no opportunity ( fir+ x on ! enemy4 ,sir ,p]cy says 9 8 ,hi/ory t-- ,! exp]im5ts demon/rat$ ! possibility ( big guns be+ us$ 9 siege op]ations )\t any difficulty1 ! only limit to ! size ( ! gun be+ ! weight :i* ! railway bridges w /&4 ,ap>t f ! p[]s ( usefulness (f]$ by ^! batt]ies on :eels1 !re arose1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! w>1 ! fur!r "q :e!r ! usefulness ( arm\r$ tra9s prop] might n be m>r$ z ! result ( a defective sy/em ( control4 ,at ! outset ! tra9s 7 plac$ entirely "u ! ord]s ( (fic]s comm&+ sections ( ! l9e2 b ! arrangem5t 0 f\nd unsatisfactory z ! tra9s 7 con/antly be+ ru%$ out reg>dless ( ,traffic ,dep>tm5t regulations1 & sometimes )\t ev5 a l9e cle> message4 ,hav+1 also1 ! tra9s at _! disposal1 z !y consid]$ (fic]s comm&+ sections ( ! l9e (t5 made use ( !m to inspect po/s betwe5 /ations1 o!r traffic be+ /opp$ :ile ! inspections 7 be+ made4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 a l>ge mob ( cattle 0 be+ s5t to ,pretoria & !re 7 no m\nt$ troops available to convoy !m1 ! exp$i5t 0 resort$ to ( employ+ an arm\r$ tra9 = ! purpose4 ,! tra9 _h to adapt its spe$ to ! rate ( progress ( ! cattle alongside1 & su* 0 ! int]f]5ce ) o!r traffic t ! entire l5g? ( railway on ! ,delagoa ma9 l9e 0 block$ until ! cattle _h rea*$ _! de/9ation4 ,9 fact1 in/ead ( assi/+ traffic by prev5t+ ! enemy f int]rupt+ x1 ! arm\r$ tra9s caus$1 ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d decl>es1 m int]ruptions ?an ! enemy !mselves4 ,) a view bo? to meet ^! p>ticul> difficulties & to ensure a bett] use ( ! tra9s1 !re 0 appo9t$ an ,assi/ant-,director ( ,arm\r$ ,tra9s :o 0 plac$ on ! /aff bo? ( ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief & ( ! ,director ( ,railways & _h "u 8 control all ! arm\r$ tra9s 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,capta9 ,h4 ,c4 ,nanton1 ,r4,e41 ! (fic] s appo9t$1 _h practical acqua9tance alike ) railway requirem5ts & regulations & ) arm\r$ tra9s4 ,9 t\* ) ,headqu>t]s1 & kept in=m$ z to :i* portions ( ! l9e 7 mo/ ?reat5$ by ! enemy1 x became 8 duty to ord] :]e ! tra9s %\ld be s5t4 ,once despat*$ to a p>ticul> section ( ! l9e1 an arm\r$ tra9 0 to be "u ! control ( ! ,g5]al or o!r (fic] comm&+ t section4 ,! ,assi/ant-,director _h p[] to remove x1 h[ev]1 if he ?\ght x 0 m urg5tly requir$ else:]e4 ,x 0 8 duty1 also1 to "w 9 h>mony ) ! (fic]s 9 "q2 b !y1 9 turn1 7 n to use z a private conveyance ! tra9 s5t to !m1 & !y 7 n to alt] its g>rison or equipm5t1 or to give ord]s to ! (fic] 9 *>ge :i* 7 contr>y to ! _s ( ! g5]al in/ructions4 ,! ,assi/ant-,director 0 himself requir$ to in/ruct (fic]s 9 comm& ( ! tra9s z to ! prop] tactics to adopt1 ! be/ me?ods ( patroll+1 etc41 & to see t !y work$ 9 h>mony ) ! railway (ficials1 & 7 an assi/ance & n a h9drance to traffic4 ,^! improv$ conditions l$ to a recognis$ sy/em = ! employm5t ( arm\r$ tra9s1 ! purposes & duties ( :i* 7 ev5tually def9$ z foll[s#dd3-- #a4 ,9 conjunction ) columns 9 ! field1 to int]cept ! enemy :om ! columns 7 driv+ on to ! l9e4 #b4 ,to act on ! flank ( a column or l9e ( columns1 ! tra9 be+ well advanc$ s z to prev5t ! enemy break+ to t flank4 #c4 ,to re9=ce /ations & camps on ! railway :i* 7 ?reat5$ by ! enemy4 #d4 ,to escort ord9>y traffic tra9s4 #e4 ,to reconnoitre4 #f4 ,to patrol by day & night4 #g4 ,to protect traffic r\tes g5]ally4 ,! g>rison ( an arm\r$ tra9 consi/$ ( an ,infantry escort & ,royal ,artill]y & ,royal ,eng9e] deta*m5ts4 ,! ,r4,e4 deta*m5t consi/$ ( "o ,n4,c4,o4 & six sapp]s skill$ 9 railway repair+ "w & 9 re-sett+ d]ail$ eng9es & trucks2 two telegraph l9esm52 "o telegraph cl]k2 two eng9e-driv]s & two firem54 ,:5 ! tra9 0 engag$1 all c\nt$ z effective rifles ) ! exception ( ! driv] & firem5 on ! footplate1 & ev5 !y c>ri$ rifles 9 _! eng9e cab = use aga9/ an enemy endeav\r+ to ga9 possession ( ! eng9e4 ,responsibility = ! effici5cy ( ! g>risons 0 plac$ ^u ! ,assi/ant-,director ( ,arm\r$ ,tra9s4 ,:5ev]1 also1 a conc5tration ( ! tra9s _h be5 decid$ ^u1 he 0 to atta* himself to "o ( !m1 & take *>ge ( ! conc]t$ action ( ! :ole4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! op]ation ( ! tra9s ,capta9 ,m4 ,h4 ,grant writes#de3-- ,x 0 important t ! (fic] comm&+ ! tra9 %\ld be a man ( judgm5t & /rong n]ve4 ,he 0 (t5 call$ ^u to act on 8 own responsibility4 ,8 /rong armam5t & def5ces enabl$ him to attack sup]ior =ces4 ,yet 8 vuln]able po9ts 7 _m4 ,he _h ev] to be al]t t ! enemy did n cut ! l9e beh9d him4 ,9 addition to 8 visible foes & ! con/ant risks ( traffic 9 w> "t1 he _h to cont5d ) skilfully-us$ automatic & obs]vation m9es1 & _h to keep 8 head ev5 amid ! ro> :i* foll[$ ! passage ( 8 lead+ truck ov] a *>ge ( dynamite1 & !n to deal ) ! attack :i* almo/ c]ta9ly ensu$4 ,(fic]s1 !re=e1 _h to be *os5 f m5 ( no common /amp4 ,! dang] f contact m9es 0 to a c]ta9 ext5t obviat$ by a /&+ ord] t ea* tra9 %\ld propel a heavily-load$ bogie truck4 ,su* trucks _h l[ sides & ends2 !y 9 no way ob/ruct$ ! view1 or fire1 f ! tra9s2 & !y p]=m$ ! d\ble purpose ( explod+ contact m9es & c>ry+ ! railway & telegraph mat]ials4 ,! necessity = ?is propell$ unoccupi$ bogie 0 exemplifi$ on sev]al occasions4 ,z reg>ds _! protection ( ! railway l9es1 ! arm\r$ tra9s r5d]$ an invaluable s]vice1 & ?is 0 especially ! case :5 ! blockh\se sy/em _h be5 fully develop$1 & :51 concurr5tly !re)1 ! enemy's artill]y became sc>ce4 ,9 record+ ?is op9ion1 ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d fur!r obs]ves3--,!re is no d\bt1 also1 t ! enemy dislik$ !m int5sely1 & ! pres5ce ( an arm\r$ tra9 _h a great moral effect4 ,9 addition to ! organisation & runn+ ( ^! arm\r$ tra9s1 !re 0 includ$ 9 e ord9>y tra91 z f> z possible1 a special gun-truck on :i* 0 a p$e/al-m\nt$ ,q4 ,f4 gun1 "u ! *>ge ( an escort4 ,! tra9s also c>ri$ a ma*9e gun at ea* end1 arrang$ ) a lat]al sweep1 to all[ ! fires to cross on ei!r side ( ! tra9 at a di/ance ( f fifty to eighty y>ds4 ,9 addition to ?is1 arm\r plates 7 hung on ea* side ( ! driv]'s cab1 & ! fir/ tra9 run ea* morn+ _h two or ?ree trucks 9 front ( ! eng9e z a precaution aga9/ any m9e t might h be5 laid ov]-night4 ,,ambulance ,,& ,,hospital ,,tra9s ,supplem5t+ ! ref]5ces already made on pp4 #ie-f to ! employm5t ( ambulance & hospital tra9s 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>1 x may "h be /at$ t ?ree out ( ! sev5 adapt$ f roll+ /ock already 9 use on ! ,cape or ! ,natal ,gov]nm5t l9es _h be5 prep>$ 9 advance ( ! outbreak ( ho/ilities1 namely1 two at ! ,cape & "o 9 ,natal1 & ^! ?ree 71 consequ5tly1 available = imm$iate use4 ,9 ,cape ,colony1 z /at$ 9 ,! ,times ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 ! two hospital tra9s t _h be5 prep>$ 9 ,septemb] 7 mann$ by a complete p]sonnel f ,engl&1 & 7 kept 9 con/ant t\* ) ,"l ,me?u5's advance4 ,9 mo/ cases !y 7 run up almo/ into ! fir+ l9e1 & dur+ ! actions at ,belmont1 ,graspan1 ,modd] ,riv] & ,mag]sfonte91 !y reliev$ ! =ce ( its sick & w\nd$ 9 an incr$ibly %ort "t1 convey+ "s to ,de ,a> & ,orange ,riv]1 & o!rs to ! g5]al hospitals at ,cape ,t[n4 ,! s]vices ?us r5d]$ by ! hospital tra9s 7 greatly facilitat$ by ! fact t dur+ ! fir/ ?ree mon?s ( ! w> ! fight+ 0 almo/ entirely on or alongside ! railways4 ,x 01 !re=e1 possible to arrange = a spe$y evacuation ( w\nd$ f ! field hospitals4 ,! same two tra9s1 aft] work+ along ! l9e ( communication 9 ,cape ,colony1 rea*$ ,bloemfonte9 e>ly 9 ,april1 #aijj2 & "h !y 7 ( great use 9 help+ to remove ! suff]]s f ! ent]ic fev] :i* 0 fill+ up1 n only all ! hospitals1 b e o!r available build+1 z well1 & f9ally atta9$1 by ! end ( ,may1 a maximum ( #d1jjj cases4 ,unable to meet all requirem5ts aris+ "u ^! exceptional conditions1 ! two hospital tra9s 7 supplem5t$ by a numb] ( locally-prep>$ or ord9>y tra9s1 made available = ! transport ei!r ( sick or ( convalesc5ts4 ,9 reg>d to ,natal1 ,! ,times ,hi/ory says t ( all ! m$ical arrangem5ts made 9 connection ) ! w>1 ^? dur+ ,sir ,r$v]s ,bull]'s op]ations 9 ,natal pres5t$ ! mo/ satisfactory features4 ,! l9e ( communication ) ! base 0 %ort1 & x 0 amply suppli$ ) hospital tra9s4 ,9 addition to ! "o t _h be5 =m$ be=e ! outbreak ( ho/ilities1 a second & simil> tra9 0 prep>$ 9 ,novemb]1 #ahhi4 ,! hospital tra91 ,pr9cess ,*ri/ian1 con/ruct$ 9 ,engl& at a co/ ( #ad1jjj1 ma9ly rais$ by ,h] ,royal ,highness--) a h&some contribution f ! t[n ( ,w9dsor--rea*$ ,cape ,t[n e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 #aijj4 ,x 0 s5t on 9 sections to ,durban1 :]e x 0 put toge!r 9 ! ,natal ,gov]nm5t ,railway work%ops4 ,"u ! *>ge ( ,sir ,john ,furley1 :o _h also sup]vis$ its recon/ruction1 ! tra9 0 ! fir/ to cross ! tempor>y tre/le bridge provid$ to take ! place ( ! "o across ! ,tugela1 at ,col5so1 :i* _h be5 de/roy$ by ! ,bo]s1 & x 01 also1 ! fir/ tra9 to ent] ,ladysmi? 7,m>* #ah1 #aijj7 aft] ! siege4 ,betwe5 ?is "t & ,septemb] #e1 #aija1 x made #ajh j\rneys1 ma9ly on ! ,natal side & on ! ,pretoria-,koomati ,poort l9e2 x ran a total ( #db1jjj miles1 & x c>ri$ 79 addition to ! m$ical & nurs+ /aff7 #cba (fic]s & #g1bjh non-commission$ (fic]s & m51 a total ( #g1ebi sick & w\nd$1 ( :om only ?ree di$ en r\te4 ,9 ,june1 #aija1 ! tra9 0 =mally pres5t$ by ! ,c5tral ,r$ ,cross ,committee to ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,w> z a complete hospital tra9 unit = ! use ( ! milit>y =ces 9 ,s\? ,africa2 b1 on ! assumption1 app>5tly1 t no fur!r use = its s]vices z a hospital tra9 0 likely to arise1 x 0 subsequ5tly dismantl$4 ,z %[+ ! ext5t ( ! "w done by ! o!r hospital tra9s dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w>1 x may be add$ t ,no4 #b ran #aad1eci miles1 9 #bbf trips1 betwe5 ,novemb] #bb1 #ahih1 & ! end ( ,augu/1 #aijb1 convey+ #dga (fic]s & #aj1cbe non-commission$ (fic]s & m51 a total ( #aj1gif1 ( :om only sev5 di$ en r\te4 ,,transvaal ,,railways ,,& ,,! ,,w> ,to ! =ego+ acc\nt ( ! ,briti% use ( railways = milit>y purposes dur+ ! c\rse ( ! ,s\? ,african ,w> x may be ( int]e/ to add a few notes giv+ ! exp]i5ces ( ! ,bo]s1 z detail$ 9 a /atem5t on ,! ,ne!rl&s ,s\? ,african ,railway ,company & ! ,transvaal ,w>1 drawn up at ,pretoria1 9 ,april1 #aijj1 by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,company1 ,mr4 ,?4 ,/e9netz1 & publi%$ 9 ,de ,+5ieur ( ,july #ad & #ba1 #aijj4df ,"u ! t]ms ( ! concession grant$ to ! ,ne!rl&s ,s\? ,african ,railway ,company 7o!rwise ! ,n$]l& ,zuid ,afrikaans*e ,spoorweg ,maats*appij7 by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,transvaal ,republic1 ! latt] 71 9 ! ev5t ei!r ( w> or ( dang] ( w>1 to h complete control alike ov] ! railway & ov] ev]y?+--& ev]ybody--necess>y = its use1 subject to c]ta9 und]tak+s z to ! paym5t ( comp5sation to concessionaires4 ,by virtue ( ^! p[]s ! ,executive ,raad issu$ a decree on ,septemb] #ac1 #ahii1 e/abli%+ ,gov]nm5t control ov] ! l9es1 & /at+ fur!r3--,) ! view ( ensur+ t prop] use c be made ( ! railway1 ! :ole ( ! p]sonnel ( ! company are 444 comm&e]$ to d duty on ! railways 9 ! functions !y n[ occupy1 & !y are plac$ "u ! ord]s ( ! ,comm&ant-,g5]al & ! w> (fic]s indicat$ by him1 or ( o!r (ficials4 ,! ,gov]nm5t1 9 effect1 took possession ( all ! l9es1 roll+ /ock1 work%ops & o!r prop]ties ( ! railway company = ! purposes ( milit>y transport1 & !y assum$ control ov] ! /aff 9 ord] to ensure ! work+1 n only ( ! company's own l9es1 b1 also1 ( ! l9es 9 su* portions ( ,briti% t]ritory z might be occupi$ by ! =ces ( ! ,republic4 ,aga9/ ! possibility ( an imm$iate invasion ( ! ,transvaal--ab\t :i*1 says ! /atem5t1 !re 0 mu* anxiety on acc\nt ( ! arm\r$ tra9s1 :i* ! ,engli% adv]tis$ s l\dly--precautions 7 tak5 by prep>+ = demolition "s ( ! bridges on ! s\?-ea/]n section ( ! company's l9es4 ,gu>ds 71 also1 /ation$ at bridges & o!r important po9ts ?r\gh\t ! ,transvaal 9 ord] to protect !m aga9/ attack or int]f]5ce by ! great numb] ( ,anglophiles assum$ to be /ill 9 ! ,republic2 b ! /atem5t seems to sugge/ t1 z %[n by ! small numb] ( attempts made 9 ?is direction1 ! ,briti% r neglect$ _! opportunities4 ,9 reg>d to ! transport ( ,transvaal troops1 difficulties arose at ! outset ow+ to ! abs5ce ( data1 ev5 ( ! vague/ "*1 z to ! numb]s ( burgh]s1 horses & wagons x w\ld be necess>y to convey by tra94 ,consequ5tly1 no milit>y "t-tables c\ld be drawn up1 & ! traffic dem&s 7 met z be/ !y c\ld be :5 !y 7 made4 ,no m1 h[ev]1 ?an elev5 tra9s a day1 9 ea* direction1 c\ld be run on ! s\?-ea/]n bran*--a s+le-track l9e1 ) /ations & cross+ places ab\t "o h\r's j\rney ap>t4 ,conc]n+ ! am\nt ( traffic c>ri$1 ,mr4 ,/e9netz says3-- ,! total milit>y traffic to ! fronti] 0 n s great z "o w\ld expect1 9 spite ( only a portion ( ! burgh]s hav+ tak5 up arms4 ,f v>i\s di/ricts ! comm&os m>*$ m\nt$1 ) ox-wagons1 to ! place ( assembly1 z _h be5 ! cu/om 9 ! pa/1 al?\gh ! use ( ! railway w\ld h sav$ "t & tr\ble to bo? horses & m54 ,yet x 0 n ! fir/ "t t ! ,transvaal]s _h _h ! opportunity ( le>n+ ! use ( railways 9 w>f>e4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,jameson ,raid & ! ,magato ,campaign full use _h be5 made ( !m4 ,among ! railway bridges :i* ! ,bo]s _h prep>$ = de/ruction1 9 case ( ne$1 0 an iron "o ( #aaf ft4 span1 ! bl[+ up ( :i* w\ld h *eck$ ! anticipat$ ,briti% invasion ( ! ,transvaal via ,lang's ,nek2 b ! conc5tration ( ! ,briti% =ces at ,dundee & ,ladysmi? all[$ ! ,bo]s to ent] ,natal )\t resi/ance2 & !y took ov]1 9 sections1 ! work+ ( ! ,natal railway 9 proportion z !y advanc$4 ,at v>i\s /ations 9 nor!rn ,natal long plat=ms _h be5 specially con/ruct$ by ! ,briti%1 & o!r arrangem5ts made1 to p]mit ( l>ge movem5ts ( troops & especially ! detra9+ ( cavalry4 ,^! improvem5ts1 says ,mr4 ,/e9netz1 came 9 v h&y = ! ,f$]al ,army4 ,! p]sonnel ( ! l9es _h retir$ 9 a great hurry1 )\t attempt+ any demolitions or do+ any damage to ! l9es beyond :at c\ld be easily repair$4 ,! ,lang's ,nek tunnel 0 :olly unt\*$4 ,mr4 ,/e9netz cont9ues3-- ,! ,bo]s !mselves1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh fe> ( be+ surpris$ by arm\r$ tra9s1 & = o!r reasons1 gave ! breakd[n gangs m "w to d4 ,! telegraph l9e 0 de/roy$ by !m = long di/ances1 ! track 0 brok5 up & two bridges 7 damag$4 ,9 ord] to ob/ruct ! retreat ( ,g5]al ,yule f ,dundee a bridge ( two #cj-;foot spans on ! ,dundee bran* l9e 0 bl[n up by ! ,iri% ,brigade ) a dynamite *>ge 9 ! c5tral pi]4 ,! damage done 0 n v great & 0 easily repair$4 ,! same ineffective measure 0 appli$ ) great] success to a simil> bridge ov] a small spruit ne> ,was*bank4 ,b ev5 "h ! repair 0 n difficult4 ,^! admissions z to ! ease ) :i* ! "w ( de/ruction c\ld1 z a rule1 readily be put "r aga9 are 9 full accord ) ,sir ,p]cy ,gir\>d's report1 9 deal+ ) ! same subject4 ,x is only fair to accept1 9 turn1 ! ass]tion made by ,mr4 ,/e9netz t ! damage :i* ! ,briti% did to c]ta9 ( ! railway bridges 0 spe$ily repair$4 ,"s ( ! lat] de/ruction "w c>ri$ out by ! ,bo]s 0 ( a m s]i\s "*4 ,! bl[+ up ( ! ,tugela bridge at ,col5so--a /ructure consi/+ ( five iron lattice gird] spans ( #ajj ft4 ea* on masonry piles--0 entru/$ by ! ,bo] milit>y au?orities to an inspector ( ! railway company :o _h s]v$ 9 ! ,dut* eng9e]s4 ,x 0 accompli%$ by ! simultane\s detonation ( =ty dynamite *>ges all connect$ by leads to a ,siem5s & ,halske explod]1 ! bridge be+ ?or\ghly demoli%$4 ,9 ! de/ruction ( ! ?ree-span bridge ov] ! ,orange ,riv] at ,norval's ,pont ! *>ge employ$ consi/$ ( ab\t ?ree & a half *e/s ( dynamite1 or #aih lbs4 ,conc]n+ ! g5]al de/ruction ( bridges by :i* ! ,bo]s s\ght to *eck pursuit aft] _! ab&onm5t ( ! siege ( ,ladysmi?1 ,mr4 ,/e9nitz says3--,!re 0 no lack ( explosives1 & no ne$ to sp>e !m4 ,! c5tral work%ops ( ! ,ne!rl&s ,company 7 made use ( by ! ,gov]nm5t = ! repair ( guns1 rifles1 wagons1 etc41 & = ! manufacture ( w> mat]ial4 ,f\r complete ambulance tra9s 7 also fitt$ up !re = ! use ( w\nd$ burgh]s4 ,all ! traffic on ! l9es 0 done on ,gov]nm5t ord]s1 & all exp5ses 7 *>g$ to !m4 ,no private traffic at all 0 c>ri$4 ,!re 71 consequ5tly1 no railway receipts1 & ! railway company _h no responsibility4 ,,developm5t ,,( ,,rail ,,p[] ,9 "o way or ano!r ! ,s\? ,african ,w> ( #ahii-aijb 0 conc]n$ 9 _m ( ! mo/ complicat$ ( ! problems t arise 9 connection ) ! use ( railways = milit>y purposes4#dg ,9 v>i\s ways1 also1 x advanc$ to a /ill fur!r /age ! :ole "q ( ! nature & possibilities ( rail-p[] 9 w>4 ,x confirm$ "u especially rem>kable conditions a fact :i* ! ,am]ican ,w> ( ,secession _h already e/abli%$1 namely1 t ev5 s+le l9es ( railway1 pass+ ?r\gh c\ntry occupi$ by or belong+ to ! enemy1 may all[ ( campaigns be+ conduct$ at su* di/ances f ! base ( supplies z1 b = ?is means ( communication1 w\ld r5d] w> impracticable4 ,x (f]$ fur!r evid5ce z to ! possibility1 9 fav\rable circum/ances1 ( employ+ railways = ! c>ry+ out ( important tactical movem5ts4 ,x re-e/abli%$ ! ess5tial ne$ ( organisation = ! atta9m5t ( effici5cy 9 milit>y transport & especially 9 s f> z su* organisation deals ) que/ions ( control & co-ord9ation ( ! milit>y & ! te*nical elem5ts4 ,x plac$ on a recognis$ & cle>ly def9$ basis ! uses ( arm\r$ tra9s & ! be/ me?ods to be adopt$ = _! con/ruction & op]ation4 ,x %[$ /ill m cle>ly1 p]haps1 ?an any previ\s w> _h done1 ! useful & b5efic5t purposes s]v$ by ambulance & hospital tra9s1 :e!r con/ruct$ = ! purpose or adapt$ f exi/+ railway /ock4 ,x prov$ t1 h[ev] app>5tly insecure a l9e ( rail communication may be1 & h[ev] active & de/ructive ! attacks made on x by a p]t9aci\s enemy1 yet1 ) a /rong & well-organis$ =ce ( ,railway ,troops foll[+ close on ! advanc+ army1 & supplem5t$ by an effici5t sy/em ( l9e-protection1 repairs & recon/ruction c be c>ri$ out ) su* spe$ t comp>atively little mat]ial delay w be caus$1 ! f9al result ( ! campaign w n necess>ily be affect$1 & ! value ( rail-p[] z an in/rum5t ( w> w suff] no actual r$uction4 ,,footnotes3 #da ,9 ,vol4 ,,ii ( ! ,detail$ ,hi/ory ( ! ,railways 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w> 7,*a?am3 ,royal ,eng9e]s ,in/itute1 #aijd71 !re is a s]ies ( #de full-page photographs ( damag$ bridges & ( ! l[-level deviations con/ruct$ to take _! place4 #db ,= a description ( ^! blockh\ses1 see vol4 iii1 pp4 #abe-f1 ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,corps ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 by ,col4 ,sir ,*as4 ,m4 ,watson4 ,royal ,eng9e]s ,in/itute1 ,*a?am1 #aiae4 #dc ,natal3 ,an ,illu/rat$ ,(ficial ,railway ,guide & ,h&book4 ,compil$ & edit$ by ,c4 ,w4 ,francis ,h>rison4 ,publi%$ by ,au?ority4 ,london1 #aijc4 #dd ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 #ahii-aijb4 ,compil$ by ,direction ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,app5dix #aj3 ,notes on ! ,milit>y ,railway ,sy/em 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,london1 #aiaj4 #de ,(ficial ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,app5dix #aj4 #df ,= ,engli% translation1 see ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,janu>y1 #aijb4 #dg ,9 ! preface ( 8 /&>d "w on ,milit>y ,railways1 ,major ,w4 ,d4 ,connor1 ( ! ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 says3 ,on ! milit>y side ,i ref] to ! reports ( ,colonel ,sir ,e4 ,p4 ,c4 ,gir\>d1 ,k4,c4,m4,g41 ,r4,e41 ( ! ,briti% ,army1 ^: "w 9 ,egypt & ,s\? ,africa has set a high /&>d = any eng9e] :o 9 future may be requir$ to meet & solve railway problems 9 ! !atre ( w>4 ,^! reports give ! solution ( _m po9ts z work$ out 9 ! field1 & confirm ! ma9 lessons to be le>n$ f ! hi/ory ( ! milit>y railways 9 our ,civil ,w>4 7,see ,bibliography47 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,russo-,,japanese ,,w> ,! ,russo-,japanese w> ( #aijd-e 0 a te/ n s mu* ( ! milit>y /r5g? ( ! two combatants z ( _! respective means ( communication & conc5tration4 ,f ,mosc[ to ,port ,ar?ur ! di/ance is #e1cjj miles1 &1 save = ! sea j\rney via ! ,baltic1 ! ,nor? ,sea1 ! ,atlantic & ! ,indian ,ocean1 ! ,russians 7 dep5d5t = ! transport ( _! troops & /ores to ,man*uria on su* v inadequate railways z !y !n controll$4 ,japan1 on ! o!r h&1 0 able to rely on h] fleet & h] consid]ably develop$ m]cantile m>9e2 &1 z soon z %e _h p>alys$ ! ,russian fleet & e/abli%$ h] own comm& ( ! sea--z %e did )9 two days ( ! outbreak ( ho/ilities--%e c\ld l& h] =ces :5ev] %e *ose at almo/ any conv5i5t po9t on ! sea-bo>d ( ! !atre ( w>4 ,! situation recall$1 some:at1 ! /ill worse position 9 :i* ,russia _h f\nd h]self at ! "t ( ! ,crimean ,w> :51 9 ! abs5ce ( any rail facilities at all1 h] troops _h to m>*1 & _! supplies & munitions _h to be convey$1 hundr$s ( miles ov] dre>y /eppes--huge columns t _h quitt$ ! f> nor? & ea/ ( ! int]ior dw9dl+ to a few brok5-d[n ,battalions be=e !y came 9 sight ( ,seba/opol--:]eas ! allies c\ld s5d _! troops all ! way to ! ,crimea by sea4 ,:ile !re are _m o!r causes :i*1 rightly or wrongly1 h be5 reg>d$ z contribut+ to ! defeat ( ,russia by ,japan--includ$ !re9 be+ p]sonal %ortcom+s ( ! ,russian (fic]s2 mi/akes made by !m 9 /rategy & tactics2 defects 9 ! ,russian milit>y sy/em1 & ! half-he>t$ int]e/ ( ! ,russian nation 9 ! /ruggle--! really decisive factors 9 ! situation 7 ! transport defici5cies ( ! ,sib]ian & ,man*urian railways4 ,! con/ruction ( a ,trans-,sib]ian ,railway z a great /rategic l9e /ret*+ across ,asia1 facilitat+ ! developm5t ( a va/ t]ritory1 &1 above all1 calculat$ to fo/] ! realisation ( ,russia's aims 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 fir/ came "u discussion ab\t ! ye> #ahfj4 ,x 0 made ! subject ( an exhau/ive /udy by a ,committee ( ,m9i/]s 9 #ahge1 b x 0 n until #ahia t ! fir/ sod 0 turn$4 ,milit>y & political consid]ations be+ p>am\nt1 su* en]gy 0 %[n 9 ! "w ( con/ruction t by #ahif ! we/]n section _h be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh ,irkutsk to ,lake ,baikal & f ! ea/]n %ores !re( to ,/riet5sk1 :ile ! ea/]n section--kn[n z ! ,usuri ,railway--_h be5 made ?r\gh ,russia's ,m>itime ,prov9ce f ,vladivo/ok to ,khab>ovsk4 ,! orig9al design 0 t ! l9e %\ld be con/ruct$ on ,russian t]ritory all ! way to ,vladivo/ok2 b ?is meant t f ,/riet5sk x w\ld h to foll[ ! great b5d made to ! nor? by ! ,amur1 ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ,russia1 & ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t ?\ght x desirable to secure a m direct r\te4 ,t[>ds ! end ( #ahif1 9 return = ! great s]vices :i* %e consid]$ %e _h r5d]$ to ,*9a 9 ! w> betwe5 t c\ntry & ,japan1 ,russia obta9$ ! concession = a railway :i*1 />t+ f ,*ita1 ,trans-,baikalia1 ab\t #bjj miles we/ ( ,/riet5sk1 w\ld pass ?r\gh ,man*uria to ,vladivo/ok1 avoid+ ! great b5d ( ! ,amur1 ?\gh /ill (f]+ ! disadvantage t "o important section ( ! ?r\gh r\te w\ld n be on ,russian t]ritory4 ,"u a contract made betwe5 ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t & ! ,russo-,*9ese ,bank1 a ,*9ese ,ea/]n ,railway ,company 0 =m$ to build & op]ate ! l9e ?us conc$$2 b ! arrangem5ts made 7 c>ri$ out ?r\gh ! ,russian ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance1 & ! l9e 0 directly dep5d5t on ! ,russian ,/ate4 ,russia's occupation ( ,port ,ar?ur 9 ,m>*1 #ahih1 l$1 9 ! spr+ ( ! foll[+ ye>1 to ! fur!r con/ruction be+ begun ( a s\!rn bran* ( ! ,*9ese ,ea/]n ,railway f ,h>b91 a /ation on ! ,*ita-,vladivo/ok l9e1 to ! extremity ( ! ,liao-tung p59sula4 ,x 0 ^! two railways1 ! ,trans-,sib]ian & ! ,*9ese ,ea/]n1 t]m9at+ at ,vladivo/ok 9 ! "o direction & at ,port ,ar?ur 9 ! o!r1 :i* came into special consid]ation 9 ! w> ( #aijd-e4 ,x 0 on ! ,trans-,sib]ian l9e1 m especially1 t ,russia 0 ma9ly dep5d5t 7z ! ,g]man (ficial report on ! w> po9ts out7 n only = ! conc5tration & ma9t5ance ( h] army b ev5 = ! rais+ & organisation ( mo/ ( its units4 ,:5 ! ,trans-,sib]ian 0 fir/ built1 ! desire to avoid undue exp5diture on a l9e :i* mu/ necess>ily involve a huge exp5diture1 ) little or no prospect ( yield+ a return suffici5t = ! paym5t ( int]e/ !reon1 l$ to ! adoption ( an economy :i* 0 to hamp] v mat]ially ! transport capacity ( ! railway4 ,only a s+le l9e ( rails 0 all[$ =2 a limit 0 plac$ on ! bread? ( ! embankm5ts2 ! curves 7 great] ?an consid]ations ( spe$ & safety %\ld h p]mitt$2 ! gradi5ts 7 ei!r dang]\sly v>i$ or s excessive t divisions ( ! tra9s 7 necess>y2 ! rails us$ 7 ( no great] weight ?an f #db lbs4 to #dg lbs4 p] y>d1 & !y 7 badly laid1 ev5 !n2 ! bridges across ! small] /reams 7 made ( wood only2 ! cross+-places & ! railway /ations 7 few & f> betwe51 :ile all ! second>y con/ructions 7 provid$ on :at 0 almo/ ! *eape/ possible scale4 ,^! conditions necessitat$ ! limitation ( ! traffic1 :5 ! l9e 0 fir/ op5$1 to ! runn+ ( ?ree tra9s a day 9 ea* direction4 ,! l5g? ( ! tra9s 0 re/rict$ to sixty axles4 ,x 0 ?us impossible to meet ! dem&s ev5 ( ! ord9>y traffic 9 peace "t1 ap>t altoge!r f any "q z to milit>y requirem5ts 9 "t ( w>4 ,no soon]1 !re=e1 7 ! ma9 portions ( ! l9e ready1 9 #ahih1 ?an !re 0 set aside1 = a railway :i* 0 already to co/ ov] #cej1jjj1jjj1 a fur!r sum ( #i1acj1jjj = relay+ ^? portions ( ! l9e ) a bett] quality ( rails & sleep]s1 ! recon/ruction ( sections dang]\s to traffic1 ! provision ( m /ations & m roll+ /ock1 & o!r improvem5ts4 ,x 0 expect$ t ?is additional "w w\ld be complet$ by #aijd1 by :i* "t ! l9e 0 to be equal to ! runn+ ( ?irte5 pairs ( tra9s daily4 ,report+ on ! condition ( ! ,russian railways 9 #aijj 7at :i* date ! ,ea/]n ,*9ese l9e 0 /ill unf9i%$71 ,g5]al ,kuropatk91 !n ,w> ,m9i/]1 aft]w>ds ,comm&]-9-,*ief 9 ,man*uria1 did n hesitate to decl>e t x 0 /ill impossible = !m to cope ) heavy traffic4 ,relations betwe5 ,russia & ,japan became /ra9$ t[>ds ! end ( #aijc1 ?\gh ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! =m] c\ntry 7 desir\s t any outbreak ( ho/ilities %\ld be avoid$ until !y 7 bett] able to und]take !m4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( ,! ,russian ,army & ! ,japanese ,w> ,g5]al ,kuropatk9 says conc]n+ ! position at ?is p]iod3-- ,our unread9ess 0 only too pla91 & x seem$ at t "t t we %\ld be able1 ) two or ?ree ye>s' /eady "w1 s to /r5g!n our position 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 & improve ! railway1 ! fleet1 ! l& =ces1 & ! =tresses ( ,port ,ar?ur & ,vladivo/ok t ,japan w\ld h small *ance ( success aga9/ u4 ,reg>d+ w> z inevitable1 & dis9cl9$ to give ,russia an opportunity ( fir/ /r5g!n+ h] position 9 ! directions "h sugge/$1 ,japan broke (f diplomatic relations ) ,russia on ,febru>y #f1 #aijd1 ?is be+ ! imm$iate prelude to ! ho/ilities t foll[$4 ,9 anticipation ( a possible rupture1 ,russia _h already despat*$ re9=cem5ts & /ores to ! ,f> ,ea/ by sea2 b ! rupture1 :5 x did come1 f\nd h] q unprep>$ to s5d fur!r l>ge re9=cem5ts by l&1 :ile h] =ces 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ 7 scatt]$ ov] ! va/ area ext5d+ f ,lake ,baikal to ,vladivo/ok1 & f ,port ,ar?ur to ,nikolaievsk4 ,no ord]s = mobilisation _h be5 issu$2 ! army 0 9 ! mid/ ( re>mam5t & reorganisation1 & ! unread9ess ( ! railways _h prev5t$ ! draw+ up ( "t-tables = ! conc5tration ( ! troops4 ,t5 days aft] ! outbreak ( w> ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t issu$ a /atem5t 9 :i* !y said3-- ,! di/ance ( ! t]ritory n[ attack$ & ! desire ( ! ,ts> to ma9ta9 peace 7 ! causes ( ! impossibility ( prep>ations = w> be+ made a long "t 9 advance4 ,n only1 too1 0 ! seat ( w> #e1jjj miles away1 & n only 0 a s+le-track ill-equipp$ l9e ( railway ! only practicable means ( s5d+ troops & w> mat]ial !re by l&1 b an exceptionally great ob/acle to traffic _h to be met ow+ to ! int]ruption ( rail communication by ,lake ,baikal4 ,hav+ a l5g? ( #chj miles1 a bread? rang+ f eighte5 miles to fifty-six miles1 a mean dep? ( #hej feet 7) a maximum1 9 p>ts1 ( no less ?an #d1ejj ft471 & a total area ( ov] #ac1jjj squ>e miles1 ,lake ,baikal ranks1 next to ! great lakes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,c5tral ,africa1 z ! l>ge/ fre%-wat] lake 9 ! _w2 ?\gh x %\ld1 9 reality1 be reg>d$ less z a lake ?an z a great inl& sea4 ,z x happ5$1 also1 ?is va/ expanse ( wat] /ood 9 ! direct l9e ( r\te ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian railway1 & ! cross+ ( x by ! ,russian re9=cem5ts go+ to ! ,f> ,ea/ con/itut$ a s]i\sly defective l9k 9 ! *a9 ( communication4 ,at an elevation ( #a1cfj feet above sea level1 ! lake is subject alike to sev]e gales1 to heavy fogs1 & to fro/s s int5se t 9 mid-w9t] ! wat] may be froz5 to a dep? ( t5 feet4 ,f ! end ( ,april to ! end ( ,decemb] troops & travell]s arriv+ by rail at "o side ( ! lake cross$ to ! o!r by pass5g] /eam]s4 ,goods wagons 7 tak5 ov] by f]ry-boats :i*1 also1 act$ z ice-break]s e>ly & late 9 ! w9t] season1 s long z ! passage c\ld be kept op54 ,:51 9 ! w9t]1 ! ice 0 /rong en\gh to be>1 traffic 0 conduct$ by transport sl$ges2 b :5 !re 0 suffici5t ice to /op ! f]ry-boats1 ?\gh n suffici5t to p]mit ( ! sl$ges be+ us$--conditions :i* g5]ally prevail$ = ab\t six weeks 9 ! ye>--! traffic _h to be discont9u$ altoge!r4 ,! "q w naturally be ask$1--,:y _h n ! con/ructors ( ! l9e avoid$ ^! disadvantages by c>ry+ x r\nd ! lake8 ,! reply is t ?is _h n be5 done1 prior to ! outbreak ( w>1 ow+ to ! =midable nature ( ! "w involv$ f an eng9e]+ po9t ( view4 ,lake ,baikal is bord]$1 on ! s\?--! r\te a ,circum-,baikal l9e w\ld h to take--by m\nta9s :i* rise %e] up f ! wat]'s edge to a height (1 9 places1 no less ?an #d1fjj ft4 ,across ! m\nta9s1 along ! rocky %ores1 & ov] ! int]v5+ valleys ! railway w\ld require to be c>ri$ = a di/ance ( #afj miles 9 ord] to l9k up ! two sections !n divid$ by ! lake4 ,! difficulties ( ! "w 7 likely to be z great z ! co/ w\ld c]ta9ly be enorm\s1 comp>$ ) t ( ! rema9d] ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian railway4 ,s x 0 t :5 ! w> broke out !re 7 /ill #aab miles ( ! ,circum-,baikal l9e to be con/ruct$4 ,s x 01 also1 t1 p5d+ ! completion ( ?is l9e r\nd ! lake1 ,russia's re9=cem5ts f ,europe = ! ,f> ,ea/ _h to cross ! lake itself2 & ! outbreak ( ho/ilities 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y plac$ ,russia at an especially great disadvantage 9 reg>d to transport4 ,! comb9$ f]ry-/eam]s & ice-break]s _h made _! f9al j\rney = ! w9t] on ,janu>y #bg1 & at fir/ ! only way 9 :i* ! troops c\ld cross ! ice 0 by m>*+ or by sl$ge4 ,aft] a day's re/ at ,irkutsk1 !y 7 br\ght by tra9 to ,baikal /ation1 at ! lake side1 arriv+ !re at ab\t f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+ 9 ord] t !y c\ld complete ! j\rney to ,tan*oi /ation1 on ! o!r side ( ! lake--a di/ance ( ab\t tw5ty-five miles--9 ! day4 ,! track 0 m>k$ out by po/s1 supplem5t$ by lant]ns at night1 & x 0 kept 9 ord] by gangs ( lab\r]s4 ,small bridges 7 plac$ ov] cracks 9 ! ice4 ,%elt]s1 9 telephonic communication ) "o ano!r1 7 provid$ at f\r-mile di/ances alike = ! purpose ( re/ & = ! di/ribution ( food prep>$ by regim5tal field kit*5s2 b ! pr9cipal meal ( ! day 0 tak5 at a m sub/antial half-way h\se1 :]e ! cook+ arrangem5ts 7 on a m elaborate scale & bett] accommodation 0 provid$4 ,ar\nd ! half-way h\se at night petroleum fl>es 7 burn$1 s t x c\ld be se5 a long way (f4 ,9 foggy wea!r1 or dur+ sn[ /orms1 bells 7 rung at all ! %elt]s4 ,inasmu* z ! temp]ature fell1 at times1 to #bb deg41 ,fahr41 bel[ z]o1 ! provision ( ^! re/-h\ses mu/ h be5 greatly appreciat$4 ,baggage 0 tak5 across 9 sl$ges1 ! normal supply ( :i* _h be5 increas$ by an additional #c1jjj4 ,"s ( ! troops also made ! j\rney by ?is =m ( conveyance1 f\r m5 be+ seat$ 9 ea* sl$ge4 ,! batt]ies cross$ ) _! own horses4 ,z soon z ! ice atta9$ a ?ickness ( ab\t #d ft41 ! exp$i5t 0 adopt$ ( lay+ a pair ( rails along x 9 ord]1 m especially1 t ! additional eng9es & railway wagons urg5tly ne$$ on ! l9es ea/ ( ! lake c\ld be tak5 across4 ,! rails 7 laid on sleep]s ( exceptional l5g?1 ! weight be+ ?us di/ribut$ ov] a great] surface ( ice2 b1 ev5 ) ?is precaution1 x 0 no easy matt] to keep ! l9e 9 work+ ord] ow+ to ! extreme cold1 to /orms1 to ! occasional ice movem5ts & cracks1 or to ! effect ( e>?quake %ocks 9 de/roy+ l5g?s ( l9e1 sections ( :i* sometimes requir$ to be relaid almo/ z soon z !y _h be5 put d[n4 ,! l9e 0 begun on ,febru>y #aj & complet$ by ! #bi? ( ! same mon?4 ,betwe5 ,m>* #a & ,m>* #bf !re 7 tak5 across ! lake1 by ?is means1 sixty-five dismantl$ locomotives 7rebuilt on arrival on ! ea/]n side71 tw5ty-five railway c>riages1 & #b1cac goods wagons4 ,transport 0 provid$ by horses1 ! numb] s us$ be+ ab\t #a1jjj4 ,con/ruct$ to s]ve an exclusively milit>y purpose1 ?is tw5ty-five-mile l9e across ,lake ,baikal may c]ta9ly be reg>d$ z a milit>y railway1 :ile z a milit>y ice-railway x holds a unique position 9 ! hi/ory ( w>f>e4 ,:51 ow+ to ! advanc+ season1 ! ice on ! lake c\ld no long] be tru/$ to be> ei!r railway trucks or sl$ges1 & :5 navigation 0 aga9 op51 dep5d5ce _h to be plac$ on ! f]ry s]vices4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 only two vessels available = ! transf] ( railway trucks across ! lake1 & ea* ( ^!1 accommodat+ tw5ty-sev5 trucks at a "t1 c\ld make no m ?an ?ree return cross+s 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,only 9 "o way c\ld an improvem5t be effect$ 9 ^! obvi\sly inadequate facilities = gett+ an army to ,man*uria1 & t 0 9 c>ry+ ! railway r\nd ! s\!rn end ( ! lake1 ?us avoid+ ! delay caus$ by ! hi!rto unavoidable trans%ipm5t & cross+1 & ensur+ a cont9u\s rail j\rney4 ,! ne$ = ?is ,circum-,baikal l9k _h1 9 fact1 become urg5t1 & ! "w 0 pu%$ on ) ! greate/ vig\r4 ,m5tion has already be5 made ( ! eng9e]+ difficulties :i* ! con/ruction ( ! l9e involv$4 ,^! w be bett] und]/ood if x is add$ t ! #afj-mile l9k passes ?r\gh ?irty-f\r tunnels1 hav+ an aggregate l5g? ( ov] six miles2 t x is c>ri$ across valleys1 or op5 spaces1 on two hundr$ bridges1 & t num]\s cutt+s & _m l>ge culv]ts _h also to be provid$4 ,! total co/ work$ out at no less ?an #eb1jjj p] mile--probably ! l>ge/ sum p] mile ev] sp5t on a railway design$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to s]ve a di/9ctly milit>y purpose1 & exce$+ by #ce1jjj ! av]age co/ p] mile1 d[n to t date1 ( ! entire sy/em ( ,russian railways4 ,delays occurr$1 also1 ?r\gh /rikes & o!r causes1 &1 9 ! result1 x 0 n until ,septemb] #be1 #aijd--m ?an sev5 mon?s aft] ! outbreak ( w>--t ! l9e 0 ready = use1 & t an int]ruption ( ! rail j\rney by ! cross+ ( ,lake ,baikal became no long] necess>y4 ,mean:ile1 an inadequate supply ( eng9es & roll+ /ock _h be5 a s]i\s h9drance to traffic alike on ! ,trans-,baikal section ( ! ,sib]ian l9e & on ! ,ea/]n ,*9ese l9es4 ,! locomotives & wagons tak5 across ,lake ,baikal ei!r on ! ice-railway or on ! f]ry boats _h s]v$ a useful purpose1 b six mon?s elaps$ be=e ! ,ea/]n ,*9ese l9es c\ld be work$ to _! full effici5cy4 ,!re 7 o!r directions1 z well1 9 :i* traffic h9drances arose4 ,! freez+1 d[n to ! v bottom1 ( ! riv]s betwe5 ! ea/]n side ( ,lake ,baikal & ,h>b9 7,man*uria7 0 a cause ( s]i\s difficulty 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> 9 gett+ wat] ev5 = su* locomotives z 7 available4 ,9 ! we/]n ,sib]ian section ! supply ( wat] 0 impair$ by ! great p]c5tage ( salt 9 ! /reams4 ,9 ,man*uria ! fuel res]ve 0 inadequate2 soldi]s 7 ! only reliable portion ( ! subord9ate railway /aff2 ! railway work%ops 7 poorly equipp$2 !re 7 n ne>ly en\gh eng9e depts2 l>ge supplies ( rails1 fi%-plates1 sleep]s & balla/ 7 ne$$1 & mu* "w _h to be done 9 ! con/ruction ( additional sid+s1 etc4 ,all ^! %ortcom+s requir$ to be made good :il/ ! w> 0 9 actual progress1 ?\gh = ! transport ( mo/ ( ! necess>y mat]ials & appliances !re 0 only a s+le-track l9e ( railway already ov]tax$ = ! conveyance ( troops1 munitions & supplies4 ,! numb] ( tra9s t c\ld be run 0 extremely limit$4 ,! capacity ( ! l9e ( communication z a :ole 0 fix$ by t ( ! ,ea/]n ,*9ese ,railway betwe5 ,*ita & ,h>b92 & aft] ?ree mon?s ( w> x 0 /ill possible to run f we/ to ea/ 9 ea* tw5ty-f\r h\rs no m ?an ?ree milit>y tra9s 7convey+ troops1 supplies1 /ores & rem\nts71 "o light mail tra91 &1 :5 necess>y1 "o ambulance tra92 ?\gh ^! conditions 7 improv$ lat] on4 ,! spe$ at :i* ! tra9s ran--all[+ = necess>y /ops 9 /ations or at cross+ places on ! l9e--rang$ f five to elev5 miles an h\r1 ) sev5 miles an h\r z a good av]age4 ,= ! j\rney f ,w>saw to ,mukd5 ! milit>y tra9s took =ty days1 includ+ "o day's re/ = ! troops at ! end ( e #fjj or #gjj miles4 ,9 ,april & ,may ! j\rney f ,wirball51 on ! fronti] ( ,russia & ,g]many1 to ,liao-yang1 situate betwe5 ,mukd5 & ,port ,ar?ur1 took fifty days--an av]age spe$ ( five & a qu>t] miles p] h\r4 ,:at ) ! transport & o!r difficulties t arose1 x 0 n = ?ree mon?s aft] ! outbreak ( ho/ilities t ! ,russian troops 9 ! ,e> ,ea/ receiv$ re9=cem5ts4 ,x 0 n until aft] sev5 mon?s ( w> t ! ?ree ,army ,corps s5t f ,european ,russia to jo9 ! field army 7 all conc5trat$ 9 ,man*uria4 ,"u ^! conditions ! ,japanese1 free to s5d _! own armies by sea to ! !atre ( w>1 & able to conc5trate !m ) f> great] spe$1 _h all ! initial advantage4 ,! ,russian re9=cem5ts arriv$ 9 driblets1 & !y 7 ei!r cut (f z !y came or1 z reg>ds1 at lea/1 ! fight+ f ,may #ad to ,octob] #ad1 provid$ only #ba1jjj m5 to replace #ajj1jjj kill$1 w\nd$ or sick2 :]eas ! ,japanese 7 able to ma9ta9 a cont9u\s fl[ ( re9=cem5ts to make good _! own casualties4 ,g5]al ,kuropatk9 is ( op9ion t if ! ,russians _h be5 able to comm& bett] transport f ! outset ! :ole c\rse ( ! campaign w\ld h be5 *ang$4 ,he ?9ks t ev5 a s+le extra ?r\gh troop tra9 p] day w\ld h made a mat]ial diff]5ce1 :ile ! runn+1 f ! />t1 ( six tra9s a day w\ld1 he believes1 h secur$ = ,russia alike ! initiative & ! victory4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,sib]ian & ,ea/]n ,*9ese ,railways he says3-- ,if ^! l9es _h be5 m effici5t1 we c\ld h br\ght up our troops m rapidly1 &1 z ?+s turn$ out1 #aej1jjj m5 conc5trat$ at fir/ w\ld h be5 ( f> m value to u ?an ! #cjj1jjj :o 7 gradually assembl$ dur+ n9e mon?s1 only to be sacrific$ 9 detail4444 ,if we _h _h a bett] railway & _h be5 able to mass at ,liao-yang ! numb] specifi$1 we %\ld und\bt$ly h won ! day 9 spite ( our mi/akes4 ,kuropatk9 himself c]ta9ly did all he c\ld to improve ! transport conditions4 ,9 a /atem5t he submitt$ to ! ,ts> on ,m>* #g1 #aijd1 he decl>$ t ( all urg5tly press+ que/ions t ( bett]+ ! railway communication betwe5 ,russia & ,sib]ia 0 ! mo/ important2 & he add$3--,x mu/1 !re=e1 be tak5 up at once1 9 spite ( ! enorm\s co/4 ,! money exp5d$ w n be wa/$2 x w1 on ! contr>y1 be 9 ! highe/ s5se productive inasmu* z x w %ort5 ! duration ( ! w>4 ,on ! ,trans-,baikal section six new /ations 7 add$1 & additional cross+ places to facilitate ! pass+ ( tra9s 7 provid$ else:]e1 s t by ,may "s additional tra9s p] day c\ld be run4 ,9 ,june ord]s 7 giv5 by ! ,gov]nm5t = ! execution ( ext5sive works design$ to increase ! capacity ( ! ,sib]ian & ,ea/]n ,*9ese ma9 l9es to sev5 tra9s p] day 9 ea* direction1 & t ( ! s\!rn bran* to twelve p] day4 ,! co/ ( ^! improvem5ts 0 e/imat$ at #d1djj1jjj4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aijd1 ,kuropatk9 submitt$ to ! ,ts> a recomm5dation t ! l9es %\ld be at once d\bl$ ?r\gh\t _! :ole l5g?4 ,! re9=cem5ts1 he decl>$1 7 ev5 !n /ill com+ 9 driblets4 ,supplies despat*$ 9 ! spr+ are /ill on ! ,sib]ian side4 ,wat]pro(s s5t = ! summ] w arrive :5 we want fur coats2 fur coats w come to h& :5 wat]pro(s are want$4 ,!re 0 ne$1 also1 to provide /ores ( provisions = ! troops4 ,s long z ! army 0 a comp>atively small "o x c\ld dep5d ma9ly on local res\rces4 ,9 proportion z x increas$ 9 size x became m & m dep5d5t on supplies f ,european ,russia2 b ! collection ( a suffici5cy = a s+le mon? meant ! runn+ ( five extra tra9s a day = a l p]iod4 ,ev5 :5 ample supplies 7 available at "o po9t1 weakness & ineffici5cy 9 ! transport arrangem5ts might lead to ! troops else:]e suff]+ privations :i* %\ld be avoid$4 ,:e!r = f9ancial or o!r reasons1 ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t did n adopt ! idea ( conv]t+ ! s+le track ( ! railway sy/em into d\ble track2 b ! improvem5ts made 9 ! traffic facilities 7includ+ ! provision ( sixty-n9e additional places = ! pass+ ( tra9s7 7 su* t by ! "t peace 0 conclud$1 on ,septemb] #e1 #aije1 ! ,russians _h t51 or ev5 twelve pairs ( full-l5g? tra9s runn+ 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 z comp>$ ) ! two p] day :i* c\ld alone be run six mon?s be=e ! outbreak ( w> & ! ?ree p] day :i* 7 runn+ n9e mon?s lat]4 ,! capacity ( ! l9es _h be5 increas$ practically f\rfold2 ?\gh ! g5]al situation rema9$ su* z to evoke ! foll[+ comm5t f ! writ] ( ! (ficial ,g]man acc\nt ( ! w>#dh3-- ,9 spite ( ! ef=ts made to improve ! l9e1 ! connection ( ! ,russian =ces 9 ,ea/ ,asia ) _! home c\ntry 01 & rema9$1 an unreliable & unc]ta9 factor 9 ! calculations ( ,army ,headqu>t]s4 ,no measures1 7 !y ev] s en]getic1 c\ld be design$ to remove ?is unc]ta9ty1 & x 0 only gradually1 z ! ,man*urian ,army itself increas$ & conc5trat$1 & z ! railway works advanc$1 t great] fre$om ( action 0 assur$ to ! ,comm&]-9-,*ief2 b ev5 !n ! army z a :ole1 ) all its wants & supplies1 rema9$ dep5d5t on ! ,sib]ian & ,ea/]n ,*9ese ,railways4 ,:at ! railways did 0 to enable ! ,russians to collect at ! !atre ( w>1 by ! "t ! w> itself came to an end1 an army ( #a1jjj1jjj m5--( :om two-?irds _h n yet be5 "u fire--toge!r ) ma*9e-guns1 h[itz]s1 %ells1 small-arm ammunition1 field railways1 wireless telegraphy1 supplies1 & te*nical /ores ( all k9ds4 ,kuropatk9 says ( ?is a*ievem5t3-- ,! ,w> ,dep>tm5t _h1 ) ! co-op]ation ( o!r dep>tm5ts1 successfully accompli%$ a mo/ colossal task4 ,:at s+le au?ority w\ld h admitt$ a few ye>s ago ! possibility ( conc5trat+ an army ( a million m5 #e1djj miles away f its base ( supply & equipm5t by means ( a poorly-con/ruct$ s+le-l9e railway8 ,wond]s 7 effect$2 b x 0 too late4 ,affairs 9 ! int]ior ( ,russia = :i* ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t c\ld n be held responsible 7 ! cause ( ! w> be+ br\ght to an end at a "t :5 decisive milit>y op]ations %\ld really h only j be5 beg9n+4 ,russia1 9 fact1 agre$ to make peace at a "t :5 ! prospect ( h] be+ able to secure a victory 0 great] ?an x _h be5 at any "t dur+ ! e>li] phases ( ! w>2 b ! ,japanese fail$ to atta9 all !y _h hop$ =1 ! prim>y causes ( su* failure1 9 spite ( _! repeat$ victories1 be+1 z told 9 ! ,briti% ,(ficial ,hi/ory ( ! w>1 t ,port ,ar?ur held out long] ?an _h be5 expect$1 & ! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railway enabl$ ,russia to place m m5 9 ! field ?an _h be5 ?\ght possible4#di ,?us1 9 respect to rail-p[]1 at lea/1 ,russia /ill a*iev$ a rem>kable feat 9 h] transport ( an army s great a di/ance by a s+le-track l9e ( railway4 ,su* an a*ievem5t 0 unexampl$1 :ile1 al?\gh ,fate 0 aga9/ ! ultimate success ( h] ef=ts1 ,russia provid$ ! _w ) a fre% object lesson z to :at might h be5 done1 9 a campaign wag$ m ?an #e1jjj miles f ! base ( supplies1 if only ! l9e ( rail communication _h be5 equal f ! fir/ to ! dem&s x 0 call$ ^u to meet4 ,ap>t f ?is ma9 consid]ation1 !re 7 "s o!r phases ( ! ,russo-,japanese ,w> :i* are ( int]e/ f ! po9t ( view ( ! pres5t /udy4 ,! ,field railways1 m5tion$ on ! previ\s page1 con/itut$ a network (1 altoge!r1 #bej miles ( n>r[-gauge railways built & op]at$ by ! ,russian troops--ei!r alone or ) ! help ( ,*9ese lab\r]s--& design$ to act z subsidi>y art]ies ( ! broad-gauge ,ea/]n ,*9ese ,railway by 7#a7 provid+ = ! transport !refrom ( troops & supplies to ! front2 7#b7 convey+ guns & munitions to ! siege batt]ies1 & 7#c7 br++ back ! sick & w\nd$4 ,horses1 ponies & mules 7 employ$ = traction purposes4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree ,russian armies 9 ! field _h its own gr\p ( n>r[-gauge l9es1 & ! l9es !mselves s]v$ a mo/ useful purpose 9 a c\ntry ( primitive roads & inadequate local means ( transport4 ,9 "o in/ance a broad-gauge bran* l9e 0 built inl&1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w>1 f ! ,ea/]n ,*9ese ,railway = a di/ance ( tw5ty-five miles4 ,a dept 0 set up at its t]m9us1 & !nce ! supplies 7 convey$ to ! troops by a s]ies ( n>r[-gauge l9es ext5d+ to e "p ( t p>ticul> section ( ! !atre ( w>4 ,con/ruction ( ! n>r[-gauge l9e s]v+ ! ,second ,army1 & ext5d+ n9ete5 miles f a po9t on ! ,ea/]n ,*9ese ,railway ne> to ,port ,ar?ur1 necessitat$ ! provision ( six bridges & ?ree embankm5ts4 ,?ree l9es1 ! build+ ( :i* 0 begun 9 ,janu>y1 #aije1 7 siege l9es specially design$ to s]ve ! positions tak5 up at ,liao-yang2 b all ?ree 7 ab&on$ on ! evacuation ( ,mukd51 e>ly 9 ,m>*4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 subsequ5t to ! retreat f ,mukd5 t ! greate/ degree ( en]gy 9 con/ruct+ n>r[-gauge l9es 0 %[n by ! ,russians4 ,9 addition to ! #bej miles br\ght into use1 !re 0 /ill ano!r #ajj miles complet$2 b ^! c\ld n be op]at$ ow+ to ! inadequate supply ( wagons--a supply r$uc$ /ill fur!r ?r\gh seizures made by ! ,japanese4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! w> ! traffic c>ri$ on ^! milit>y n>r[-gauge l9es includ$ ov] #eh1jjj tons ( provisions1 /ores1 etc41 #ge1acb sick & w\nd$1 & #bd1ghf o!r troops4#ej ,= ! c>ry+ out ( all ?is con/ruction "w1 &1 also1 = ! op]ation ( ! ,man*urian & ,ussuri railways1 ,russia _h tw5ty-f\r companies ( ,railway ,troops1 ! total =ce ( :i* 0 e/imat$ at #aa1dca4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( ! w> %e reli$ ^u h] six ,ea/ ,sib]ian ,railway ,battalions4 ,z ! "w increas$ o!r ,battalions 7 br\ght f ,european ,russia4 ,! ,japanese 7 n well provid$ ) ,railway ,troops2 b !y 7 none ! less active 9 endeav\r+ to de/roy ! ,russian l9es ( communication1 on :i* s mu* dep5d$4 ,= in/ance1 ! railway to ,port ,ar?ur 0 cut by !m ne> ,wa-fang-ti5 at #aa p4m4 on ,may #f4 ,! ,russians repair$ ! l9e1 & by ,may #aj a fur!r tra9-load ( ammunition 0 s5t ov] x into ,port ,ar?ur4 ,?ree days lat] ! ,japanese cut ! l9e at ano!r po9t1 & f t "t ,port ,ar?ur 0 isolat$4 ,z reg>ds ! op]ation ( ! ,sib]ian & ,ea/]n ,*9ese ,railways1 ,colonel ,w4 ,h4 ,h4 ,wat]s says3--#ea ,tak+ ! railway z a :ole1 f ,*elyab9sk1 :i* is ! we/]n t]m9us ( ! ,sib]ian portion1 to ,mukd51 a di/ance ( close ^u #d1jjj miles1 x has work$ bett] ?an ,i expect$2 b ! "o great fault connect$ ) x has be51 & is1 ! incapacity ( ,russian railwaym51 civil or milit>y1 to h&le heavy /ation traffic prop]ly4 ,if ,russia 7 to pay a ,briti% or ,am]ican goods-y>d =eman1 say f ,n9e ,elms /ation1 a sal>y1 no matt] h[ high1 & let him import 8 own /aff ( assi/ants1 ! improvem5t ( ! ,asiatic l9es 9 "q w\ld be rem>kable4 ,!n1 aga91 ,capta9 ,c4 ,e4 ,vick]s1 ,r4,e41 writ+ on ,! ,sib]ian ,railway 9 ,w>1 9 ! issue ( ,! ,royal ,eng9e]s ,j\rnal 7,*a?am7 = ,augu/1 #aije1 po9ts to ! ne$ :i* 0 develop$ = ! control ( ! railway dur+ w> by a sep>ate /aff1 z di/9ct f ! /affs conc]n$ 9 arrang+ op]ations1 di/ribut+ supplies & munitions1 & o!r milit>y duties4 ,:e!r due to ! p]sonal incapacity spok5 ( by ! "o au?ority "h quot$1 or to ! lack ( a sep>ate organisation allud$ to by ! o!r1 ! fact rema9s t ! op]ation ( ! ,sib]ian & ,ea/]n ,*9ese l9es did give rise to a degree ( confusion t mu/ h greatly increas$ ! difficulties ( ! position 9 :i* ! ,russians 7 plac$4 ,:51 = example1 9 ,septemb]1 #aijd1 res]vi/s 7 urg5tly want$ at ,mukd5 aft] ! retreat f ,liao-yang1 ! traffic 0 s mismanag$ t x took ! troops sev5 days to d ! #ccg miles f ,h>b9--an av]age spe$ ( two miles p] h\r4 ,on ,decemb] #e1 ,h>b9 ,junction 0 s block$ 9 all directions by tra9s :i* c\ld nei!r move 9 nor g out t traffic _h to be susp5d$ = twelve h\rs until ! entanglem5t 0 set "r4 ,/ill fur!r1 aft] ! fall ( ,port ,ar?ur1 on ,janu>y #b1 #aije1 & ! augm5tation ( ! ,japanese =ces by ,nogi's army1 ! arrival ( re9=cem5ts !n s greatly ne$$ by ! ,russians 0 delay$ = ov] "o mon? to all[ ( ! =w>d+ ( a quantity ( /ores :i* _h accumulat$ on ! l9e4 ,"s1 at lea/1 ( ! difficulties & delays exp]i5c$ 9 op]ation 7 und\bt$ly due to developm5ts ( t int]f]5ce by individual (fic]s ) ! work+ ( ! railways ( :i* we h already _h /rik+ examples 9 ! case ( ! ,am]ican ,w> ( ,secession & ! ,franco-,g]man ,w> ( #ahgj-ga4 ,colonel ,wat]s writes on ?is subject3-- ,x is int]e/+ to note h[ ! work+ ( ! l9e 0 int]f]$ ) by ^? :o %\ld h be5 ! fir/ to see t no extrane\s calls 7 made ^u x :5 ! organisation ( ! army & ! /r5g!n+ ( ,port ,ar?ur 7 ( vital importance4 ,! *ief ( ! ,vic]oy's ,/aff 0 ! int]m$i>y betwe5 ,admiral ,alexeiev & ,g5]al ,kuropatk91 ! =m] be+ at ,mukd5 & ! latt] at ,liao-yang1 ?irty-sev5 miles di/ant4 ,frequ5t conf]5ces took place betwe5 ,kuropatk9 & ?is (fic]1 :o always us$ to come 9 a special tra9 to ,liao-yang4 ,?is necessitat$ ! l9e be+ kept cle> = indef9ite p]iods ( "t & dislocat$ all ! o!r traffic arrangem5ts1 z ! !n *ief ( ! railways himself decl>$4 ,9 ! fir/ days ( ,may1 #aijd1 ! ,vic]oy & ! ,gr& ,duke ,boris 7 at ,port ,ar?ur1 & wi%$ to leave x be=e !y %\ld be cut (f4 ,i he>d t !y actually took ?ree special tra9s to quit ,port ,ar?ur1 namely1 "o = ea* ( !m1 & "o = _! baggage & /ores4 ,?is entirely upset ! troop tra91 supply & ammunition s]vices1 at a "t1 too1 :5 ! sc>city ( heavy gun munition 9 ! =tress 0 su* t1 )9 a week1 ,kuropatk9 call$ = volunte]s to run a tra9-load ?r\gh1 :i* 0 done a few h\rs only be=e ! place 0 def9itely inve/$4 ,!re 71 ?r\gh\t #aijd1 pl5ty ( o!r in/ances ( special tra9s be+ run =1 & sid+ accommodation occupi$ by1 v>i\s individuals1 s t ! organisation & ma9t5ance ( ! army 0 consid]ably hamp]$ !reby4 ,^! exp]i5ces simply confirm ! wisdom ( ! action :i* o!r c\ntries _h already tak5 7#a7 to ensure ! effici5t op]ation ( railways 9 "t ( w> by /affs compris+ ! milit>y & ! te*nical elem5ts 9 comb9ation1 & 7#b7 to prev5t ! int]f]5ce ( ! =m] 9 ! details ( ! actual work+ by ! latt]4 ,russia 01 9 fact1 di/9ctly beh9d ,we/]n nations 9 ^! respects 9 #aijd-e1 & ! ne$ = plac+ h] milit>y transport sy/em on a s\nd] basis 0 among ! _m lessons %e le>nt--& act$ ^u--z ! result ( h] exp]i5ces 9 ! w> ) ,japan4 ,,footnotes3 #dh ,! ,russo-,japanese ,w>4 ,! ,ya-,lu4 ,prep>$ 9 ! ,hi/orical ,section ( ! ,g]man ,g5]al ,/aff4 ,au?oriz$ ,translation by ,k>l von ,donat4 ,london1 #aijh4 #di ,(ficial ,hi/ory ( ! ,russo-,japanese ,w>4 ,prep>$ by ! ,hi/orical ,section ( ! ,committee ( ,imp]ial ,def5ce4 ,london1 #aiaj4 #ej ,con/ruction et exploitation des *em9s de f] traction animale sur le ?tre de la gu]re de #aijd-e en ,m&*\rie4 ,revue du ,g5ie ,militaire1 ,avril1 ,mai1 ,ju91 #aiji4 ,p>is4 #ea ,! ,russo-,japanese ,w>4 ,reports f ,briti% ,(fic]s atta*$ to ! ,japanese & ,russians ,=ces 9 ! ,field4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,g5]al ,report dat$ ,m>*1 #aije by ,col4 ,w4 ,h4 ,h4 ,wat]s4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,/rategical ,,railways3 ,,g]many ,betwe5 /rategical & milit>y railways !re are c]ta9 fundam5tal diff]5ces1 j z !re are1 also1 betwe5 bo? ( !m & ord9>y comm]cial railways4 ,:ile design$ p>tly1 ma9ly1 or1 x may be1 exclusively1 to s]ve milit>y purposes1 /rategical railways1 unlike milit>y railways prop]1 =m "p ( ! ord9>y railway sy/em ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y are built4 ,!y approximate to comm]cial l9es 9 con/ruction1 equipm5t & op]ation1 & !y are work$ 9 connection ) !m = ! ord9>y purposes ( trade & travel2 ?\gh 9 _! case any consid]ations z to :e!r ! traffic !y c>ry is remun]ative does n arise1 provid$ only t !y are capable ( fulfill+ _! real purpose--t1 namely1 ( ensur+ su* milit>y transports z may1 soon] or lat]1 be requir$ ( !m4 ,x is possible t 9 times ( peace ! am\nt ( actual traffic pass+ ov] !m w be comp>atively small1 if n ev5 practically nil1 & t _m ye>s may elapse be=e ! special facilities !y mu/ necess>ily (f]1--su* z ext5sive sid+ accommodation & long plat=ms = ! load+ & unload+ ( troop tra9s--are likely to be employ$ to ! fulle/ ext5t2 b !y nev]!less =m an integral "p bo? ( ! railway sy/em & ( ! milit>y sy/em ( ! c\ntry1 &1 hav+ be5 con/ruct$1 !y are1 at lea/1 available = milit>y purposes :5ev] want$4 ,"o mu/1 h[ev]1 aga9 be> 9 m9d t a railway built to meet ! ord9>y requirem5ts ( trade & travel does n become a /rategical any m ?an a milit>y railway simply because1 9 "t ( w>1 x is us$1 to :atev] ext5t1 = ! conveyance ( troops1 supplies or w> mat]ial4 ,! ess5tial factor 9 ea* in/ance is1 n ! use t is made ( ! l9e1 b ! p>ticul>1 or1 at lea/1 ! ma9 object x has be5 built to s]ve4 ,j1 also1 z a comm]cial l9e rema9s a comm]cial l9e not)/&+ its use = milit>y traffic1 s1 9 turn1 a /rategical l9e rema9s a /rategical l9e :atev] ! am\nt ( civilian traffic x may c>ry 9 "t ( peace4 ,yet :ile ! di/9ction ?us drawn betwe5 g5]al railways & /rategical railways is abundantly w>rant$1 ! increase ( ! =m] may /ill h an important be>+ on ! op]ation ( ! latt] because ( ! improvem5t ( transport facilities 9 ! int]ior1 & because ( ! great] am\nt ( roll+ /ock :i* w be made available = w> purposes4 ,f a milit>y po9t ( view1 said von ,moltke 9 ! ,prussian ,h]r5haus on ,m>* #bf1 #ahgf1 e railway is welcome1 & two are /ill m welcome ?an "o2 & he develop$ ?is idea 9 a fur!r spee* on ,decemb] #ag1 #ahgi1 :51 9 decl>+ t ! own]%ip & op]ation ( ! lead+ ,prussian railways 0 desirable f a milit>y /&po9t1 he said3--#eb ,railways h become1 9 our "t1 "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial in/rum5ts = ! conduct ( w>4 ,! transport ( l>ge bodies ( troops to a giv5 po9t is an extremely complicat$ & compreh5sive piece ( "w1 to :i* cont9u\s att5tion mu/ be paid4 ,e fre% railway junction makes a diff]5ce1 :ile1 al?\gh we may n want to make use ( e railway l9e t has be5 con/ruct$1 we may /ill want to make use ( ! :ole ( ! roll+ /ock t is available4 ,ano!r important di/9ction betwe5 milit>y & /rategical railways is t :]eas ! build+ ( ! =m] w be gov]n$ prim>ily by milit>y requirem5ts1 t ( ! latt] may be fundam5tally due to consid]ations ( ,/ate policy4 ,/rategical railways are want$ to s]ve ! purposes ( national def5ce or1 alt]natively1 ( national expansion4 ,!y are especially provid$ to ensure ! spe$y conc5tration ( troops on ! fronti]1 :e!r to resi/ invasion by a neighb\r+ c\ntry or to facilitate ! invasion ei!r ( t c\ntry or1 x may be1 ( t]ritory on ! o!r side !re(4 ,! fact t !y h be5 built may1 9 "s cases1 ev5 fur!r ! int]e/s ( peace1 %\ld ! increas$ means !y (f] = milit>y transports r5d] ! c\ntry conc]n$ a m =midable antagoni/ ?an x might o!rwise be1 & influ5ce ! policy ( o!r ,/ates or l&s accord+ly4 ,9 tropical dep5d5cies ! build+ ( railways z a practical pro( ( effective occupation is (t5 reg>d$ z pref]able to milit>y conque/1 be+ likely1 9 mo/ cases1 to answ] ! same purpose :ile (f]+ _m o!r advantages1 besides4 ,9 ,we/ ,africa !re are n only railways ( ?is class b o!rs t h1 9 addition1 be5 design$ z a precaution>y measure aga9/ a n impossible invasion1 at "s future date1 by ,mohamm$an tribes f ,nor? ,c5tral ,africa4 ,all su* l9es z ^! belong to ! /rategical type1 ?\gh !y may1 also1 s]ve an important "p 9 fur!r+ ! economic developm5t ( ! t]ritories conc]n$4 ,/rategical railways1 :e!r design$ = def5sive or aggressive purposes1 may1 9 turn1 be divid$ into two ma9 gr\ps1 7#a7 ^? t con/itute a network ( l9es2 & 7#b7 s+le or individual l9es = %ort or long di/ances4 ,a network ( /rategical railways is g5]ally f\nd 9 direct association ) fronti]s4 ,s+le or individual /rategical l9es fall into v>i\s gr\ps includ+ 7#a7 %ort l9es or bran*es runn+ out to "s po9t on or ne> to a fronti]2 7#b7 s+le l9es c>ri$ = long di/ances1 &1 possibly1 cross+ entire cont95ts2 7#c7 circul> or %ort l9es1 connect+ diff]5t railway sy/ems ) "o ano!r1 9 ord] to facilitate ! movem5t ( troops dur+ mobilisation or conc5tration or = def5sive purposes 9 ! ev5t ( invasion2 7#d7 l9es pass+ r\nd cities or l>ge t[ns 9 ord] to avoid delay ( troop tra9s2 & 7#e7 l9es = coa/ def5ce4 ,! ideal conditions = a network ( /rategical railways 0 already a subject ( discussion 9 ,g]many 9 #ahdb1 :5 ,pnitz br\ght =w>d 8 proposal t t c\ntry %\ld provide h]self ) su* a sy/em4 ,!re 71 he said1 !ori/s :o design$1 on pap]1 /rategical railways :i*1 />t+ f a common c5tre1 radiat$ 9 /raight l9es to diff]5t po9ts on ! fronti] & 7 connect$ ) "o ano!r by p>allel or int]sect+ l9es ( railway on ! pr9ciple ( a geometrical design1 or1 he might h add$1 ( a spid]'s web4 ,pnitz admitt$ ! excell5ce ( ! idea1 sugge/+ t if !re 71 inde$1 a gr\p ( l9es to ! fronti] connect$ by cross l9es all[+ ( a complete int]*ange ( traffic1 ! enemy w\ld nev] "k at :at po9t a sudd5 advance 9 =ce might n be made1 :ile ! l9k+ up ( ! entire sy/em w\ld greatly facilitate work+4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 z he proce$$ to po9t out1 ?is ideal sy/em c\ld n be fully adopt$1 p>tly because ! plann+ ( railways is influ5c$ by ! configuration ( ! c\ntry1 :i* may n p]mit ( geometrical designs = iron roads2 & p>tly because ! trunk l9es ( national sy/ems ( rail communication _h already be5 laid by private ent]prise on ! pr9ciple ( cat]+ = ! social & economic ne$s ( ! community & ( return+ int]e/ on capital exp5diture1 r ?an ( s]v+ milit>y or political purposes4 ,9 ! proposals :i* ,pnitz himself advanc$ = provid+ ,g]many ) a complete network ( /rategical l9es he s\ght to comb9e1 z f> z possible1 ! comm]cial & ! milit>y pr9ciple2 ?\gh ! subsequ5t pr$om9ance1 9 mo/ c\ntries1 ( ! economic elem5t 9 reg>d to railways 9 g5]al /r5g!n$ ! =ce ( 8 cont5tion t an ideal sy/em 0 n necess>ily a practicable "o4 ,! sugge/$ geometrical design 01 nev]!less1 n lo/ sight (1 & x cont9u$ to be reg>d$ z ! plan t %\ld1 at lea/1 be foll[$ 9 respect to /rategical railways1 z f> z circum/ances w\ld p]mit4 ,deal+ ) ?is p>ticul> subject 9 8 ,ges*i*te und ,sy/em d] ,eis5bahnb5utzung im ,kriege 7,leipzig1 #ahif71 ,dr4 ,josef ,joe/5 includ$ ! foll[+ among ! conditions :i*1 !oretically & practically1 %\ld enable a railway sy/em to respond to ! necessities ( w>3-- #a4 ,to ea* ( ! /rategical fronts ( ! national t]ritory !re %\ld be ! l>ge/ possible numb] ( railway l9es1 all indep5d5t ! "o ( ! o!r4 #b4 ,! conv]g+ l9es t]m9at+ at ! bases ( conc5tration1 & m especially ^? lead+ to ! coa/ or to great navigable riv]s1 %\ld be cross$ by num]\s transv]se l9es 9 ord] to all[ ( ! rapid pass+ ( troops f any "o ( ! l9es ( conc5tration to any o!r4 #c4 ,positions or localities hav+ a recognis$ /rategical value %\ld be select$ z ! places :]e ! two types ( l9es %\ld cross1 & ^! int]section po9ts1 :5 !y are ne> to ! fronti]1 %\ld !mselves be protect$ by =tifications s]v+ z po9ts d'appui = movem5ts ( advance or retirem5t4 ,x is possible t1 if ! build+ ( railways 9 ,g]many _h be5 left entirely to ! ,/ate f ! outset1 ^! pr9ciples w\ld h be5 g5]ally foll[$ !re2 b 9 ,prussia ! private l9es tak5 ov] z ! result ( ! policy ( nationalisation adopt$ by t c\ntry--! total l5g? ( ^? acquir$ s9ce #ahgb be+ n[ ne>ly #aj1jjj miles--_h be5 orig9ally con/ruct$ to s]ve1 n /rategic1 b economic purposes1 &1 m especially1 ! indu/rial int]e/s ( ,we/phalia & ! ,rh9el&1 ! ,gov]nm5t hav+ be5 left by private ent]prise to provide1 n alone ! /rategical l9es1 b1 also1 ! l9es t 7 want$ to s]ve ! less promis+ economic requirem5ts1 ( ,ea/]n ,prussia4 ,to say1 !re=e1 z "s writ]s h done1 t ! ,prussian--if n ! ,g]man--railways z a :ole h be5 design$ to s]ve milit>y purposes is errone\s4 ,x is none ! less true t ! adoption ( ! pr9ciple ( ,/ate own]%ip conf]r$ alike on ,prussia & on o!r ,g]man ,/ates a great advantage 9 enabl+ !m bo? to build /rategical l9es z1 o/5sibly1 "p ( ! ord9>y railway sy/em & to adapt exi/+ l9es to milit>y purposes s f> z conditions all[$ & occasion might require4 ,9 ^! circum/ances any close adh]5ce to ideal sy/ems has1 inde$1 n be5 practicable2 yet ! activity %[n 9 ,g]many 9 provid+ ei!r new or adapt$ /rategical l9es ( railway has be5 beyond all "q4 ,su* activity has be5 especially manife/ s9ce ! ,franco-,g]man w> ( #ahgj-a4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! case t dur+ ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s !re h be5 con/ant repres5tations by ,prussian trad+ int]e/s t ! railways 9 ,we/phalia & ,rh9el&1 num]\s z !y might appe> to be1 7 unequal to ! indu/rial ne$s ( ^? di/ricts4 ,! reasons = ^! conditions 7 t ! ,adm9i/ration1 eag] to secure railway pr(its1 _h neglect$ to provide adequately = improvem5ts1 wid5+s & ext5sions ( l9e1 & = additions to roll+ /ock4 ,no "o1 h[ev]1 is likely to sugge/ t ,prussia has %[n any lack ( ent]prise 9 ! con/ruction ( /rategical l9es :i* w\ld enable h] to conc5trate great masses ( troops on h] fronti]s ) ! utmo/ dispat*4 ,! rivalry betwe5 neighb\r+ ,/ates1 writes von d] ,goltz 9 ,! ,conduct ( ,w>1 has _h ! effect ( caus+ p]fectly new l9es to be con/ruct$ solely = milit>y reasons4 ,/rategical railways con/itute a special feature ( our "t2 & 9 no c\ntry has ?is fact be5 recognis$ m cle>ly1 & act$ ^u m ?or\ghly1 ?an 9 ,g]many4 ,x w\ld1 nev]!less1 be a mi/ake to attempt to =m a reliable e/imate ( ! situation1 f a /rategical po9t ( view1 on ! basis ( ! ord9>y ,g]man railway maps1 & c]ta9 reproductions !re( rec5tly (f]$ 9 ! ,engli% ,press h be5 :olly mislead+4 ,n only may ^! maps be hopelessly out ( date--"o1 = in/ance1 t 0 publi%$ 9 a milit>y j\rnal 9 ! autumn ( #aiad conta9$ none ( ! /rategical l9es built by ,prussia s9ce #aijj = troop movem5ts 9 ! direction ( ,belgium--b !y inv>iably draw no di/9ction betwe5 ,/ate-own$ l9es :i* d come into consid]ation 9 reg>d to milit>y transports & agricultural or o!r l9es--includ+ _m n>r[-gauge ones--:i* s]ve local purposes only & are /ill own$ by private companies1 ! ,/ate n hav+ ?\ght x necess>y 9 ! g5]al int]e/ to take !m ov]4 ,a m accurate idea ( ! real be>+s ( ,g]man railways on ! milit>y & /rategical situation c be ga!r$ f ! l>ge map 7,k>t5beilage ,i7 :i* accompanies ! ,b]i*t pres5t$ to ! ,kais]1 9 #aiaa1 by ! ,prussian ,m9i/] ( ,public ,works "u ! title ( ,die ,v]waltung d] ff5tli*5 ,arbeit5 9 ,preuss51 #aijj bis #aiaj4 ,on ?is map a cle> di/9ction is drawn betwe5 ,/ate-own$ & company-own$ l9es1 :ile diff]5ce 9 col\r+ %[s ! additions made to ! ,/ate sy/em dur+ ! decade ei!r by con/ruction ( new l9es or by ,/ate acquisition ( exi/+ l9es4 ,"o especially noticeable feature br\ght out by ?is map is ! fact t1 9 addition to ! innum]able railway l9es built ei!r to ! fronti]s or e/abli%+ int]communication & ex*ange ( traffic betwe5 ^? l9es !mselves1 !re is an almo/ unbrok5 s]ies runn+ p>allel to ! coa/s ( ,pom]ania & ,ea/ ,prussia1 & !nce s\?w>d all along & close to ! fronti]s ( ,russia & ,russian ,pol&4 ,9 ?is way troops c be mov$1 n only by diff]5t r\tes to _m po9ts along ! ,baltic coa/ or ! ,russian fronti]1 b1 also1 f "o ( ^! coa/al or fronti] po9ts direct to ano!r1 z may be desir$4 ,! /rategical significance ( ?is arrangem5t is suffici5tly obvi\s2 b any possible d\bt z to ! purpose aim$ at is remov$ by "s obs]vations !reon made by ,joe/51 :o fur!r says 9 8 ,ges*i*te und ,sy/em d] ,eis5bahnb5utzung im ,kriege3-- ,if x is true t1 g5]ally speak+1 ! be/ railways = g5]al purposes con/itute excell5t l9es ( communication = armies1 x is no less true t good1 or v good1 /rategical l9es _c1 & ought n to1 9 all cases con/itute good comm]cial l9es4 ,9 support ( ?is ass]tion "o c ref] to ! imm5se ext5t ( railway l9es on ! coa/s ( ,pom]ania4 ,^! l9es1 :i* are ( ! fir/ importance f a /rategical po9t ( view1 h only a mod]ate value f a comm]cial /&po9t1 consid]+ t !y d n connect ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry ) any di/rict provid+ goods or pass5g] traffic on a mat]ial scale1 & only provide means ( communication betwe5 localities hav+ id5tical ne$s4 ,:at is ?us admitt$ 9 reg>d to ! coa/al railways ( ,pom]ania applies no less to _m1 if n to mo/1 ( ! fronti] l9es 9 ,ea/ ,prussia1 ,we/ ,prussia & ,silesia4 ,n only1 aga91 is ! numb] ( ,g]man l9es go+ to ! fronti]s1 & no f>!r1 out ( all proportion to ! numb] ( ^? provid+ = int]national communication1 b ! map on :i* ^! obs]vations are bas$ %[s t betwe5 #aijj & #aiaj !re 7 add$ to ! ,prussian ,/ate sy/em _m l9es :i* 7#a7 e/abli%$ additional transv]se l9ks betwe5 ^? already go+ to ! ,russian fronti]1 7#b7 provid$ alt]native r\tes !reto1 or 7#c7 supplem5t$ ! l9es :i* skirt ! fronti]1 a few miles inl&1 by bran*es go+ !refrom to /rategic po9ts actually on ! fronti] itself4 ,z aga9/ ?is con/ruction ( an elaborate network ( /rategical l9es t[>ds & along ! ,russian fronti]1 !re mu/ be put ! fact t al?\gh1 by ?is means1 ,g]many acquir$ ! p[] to effect a great & spe$y conc5tration ( troops on ! fronti] itself1 h] locomotives & roll+ /ock w\ld n be able to cross into ,russia & run on ! railways !re because ( ! diff]5ce 9 gauge4 ,on ! ea/]n fronti] ! "q z to h[ an invasion 9 l>ge =ce c\ld be effect$ 01 consequ5tly1 q diff]5t f t :i* w\ld pres5t itself on ! we/]n fronti]s1 :]e ! railway gauges ( ,belgium1 ,luxemburg & ,france 7 ! same z ^? ( ,g]many4 ,x 0 c]ta9 t :5ev]1 9 ! ev5t ( w>1 ,g]man troops 7 able to ent] ,russian t]ritory1 ,russia w\ld )draw into ! int]ior or else de/roy su* ( h] locomotives & roll+ /ock z ! enemy might o!rwise utilise = 8 own purpose4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,g]mans want$ to use ! exi/+ ,russian l9es1 !y w\ld ei!r h to build1 9 advance1 locomotives & roll+ /ock capable ( runn+ !reon1 or !y w\ld h to conv]t ! ,russian gauge ( #e feet to ! ,g]man gauge ( #d feet #h in*es1 s t ,g]man tra9s c\ld run on ! o!r side ( ! fronti]4 ,z already rem>k$ on page #fa1 ! r$uction ( ! broad] gauge into a n>r[] "o w\ld involve few] eng9e]+ difficulties ?an an expansion ( ! ,g]man gauge into ! ,russian gauge2 yet ev5 ! =m] proc$ure1 if c>ri$ out ov] any consid]able l5g? ( l9e1 w\ld take up a good deal ( "t1 & ?is w\ld be /ill m ! case if ! ,russians1 :5 !y retreat$1 de/roy$ ! railway track & bridges beh9d !m1 z !y might confid5tly be expect$ to d4 ,dep5d5ce1 aga91 on ! exi/+ l9es across ! fronti] w\ld1 ap>t f que/ions ( conv]sion & recon/ruction1 /ill give ,g]many only a v small numb] ( railway r\tes into ,russia1 & ^!1 also1 at po9ts :]e ! opposition (f]$ might be especially active4 ,:at1 9 ^! circum/ances1 ,g]many evid5tly plann$ to d z soon z h] troops cross$ ! fronti]1 9 ! ev5t ( a w> ) ,russia1 0 to supplem5t ! /rategical l9es on h] own side ( t fronti] by milit>y light railways :i*1 laid on ! ord9>y roads1 or on cle>ances to be effect$1 on ,russian t]ritory1 w\ld r5d] h] indep5d5t ( ! ord9>y railways !re1 :ile (f]+ ! fur!r advantage 7#a7 t ! lay+ ( ^! n>r[-gauge milit>y l9es--9 r\gh & ready fa%ion1 yet 9 a way t w\ld answ] ! purposes ( ! mom5t--c\ld be effect$ 9 %ort] "t ?an ! gauge-conv]sion & ! recon/ruction ( ! ,russian trunk l9es w\ld take2 & 7#b7 t ^! milit>y railways c\ld be built f any po9ts along ! fronti] :i* 7 capable ( be+ rea*$ direct f ! ,g]man /rategical l9es1 & (f]$ ei!r an exi/+ road or ! opportunity ( mak+ "o = ! purpose4 ,9 ! light ( ?is assumption1 "o c und]/& m cle>ly ! reason = ^? %ort l9es :i*1 bran*+ out f ! ,g]man /rategical railways t run p>allel to ! ,russian fronti] ?\gh "s miles f x1 are c>ri$ to ! fronti] & !re sudd5ly /op4 ,x 01 presumably1 f su* t]m9al po9ts z ^! t ! lay+ ( ! milit>y railways on ,russian t]ritory w\ld beg94 ,z reg>ds ! type ( railways to be employ$ & ! prep>ations made 9 advance = supply+ & con/ruct+ !m1 we h ! te/imony ( ,mr4 ,roy ,norton1 an ,am]ican writ]1 :o says 9 ,! ,man ( ,peace--"o ( ! ,ox=d ,pamphlets1 #aiad-ae1 publi%$ by ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press3-- ,on ,febru>y #ad ( ?is ye> 7#aiad7 ,i 0 9 ,cologne1 & blund]$1 :]e ,i _h no bus9ess1 into :at ,i le>n$ 0 a milit>y-/ores y>d4 ,among o!r curi\s ?+s 7 t9y locomotives load$ on flats :i* c\ld be run (f ^? c>s by an +5i\s contrivance ( metals1 or1 z we call !m 9 ,am]ica1 rails4 ,also !re 7 o!r flats load$ ) sections ( tracks fa/5$ on cup ties 7sleep]s t c be laid on ! surface ( ! e>?7 & sections ( m9iature bridges on o!r flats4 ,i saw h[ x 0 possible to lay a l9e ( tempor>y railway1 includ+ bridges1 almo/ any:]e 9 an incr$ibly %ort space ( "t1 if "o _h ! m54444 ,be=e ,i c\ld conclude my exam9ation ,i discov]$ t ,i 0 on v]bot5 gr\nd2 b ! (ficial :o direct$ me out told me t :at ,i _h se5 7 con/ruction outfits4 ,mr4 ,norton fur!r quotes ! foll[+ f a lett] he _h j receiv$ f a ,holl&] :o 0 a refugee 9 ,g]many at ! outbreak ( ! w>1 & rea*$ home on ,augu/ #cj1 #aiad3-- ,nev]1 ,i believe1 did a c\ntry s ?or\ghly get ready = w>4 ,i saw ! odde/ spectacle1 ! build+ ( a railway beh9d a battle-field4 ,!y _h dim9utive little eng9es & rails 9 sections1 s t !y c\ld be bolt$ toge!r1 & ev5 bridges t c\ld be put across rav9es 9 a tw9kl+4 ,flat c>s t c\ld be c>ri$ by h& & dropp$ on ! rails1 great /r+s ( !m4 ,up to ! ne>e/ po9t ( battle came1 on ! regul> railway1 ?is small "o4444 ,x seem$ to me t hundr$s ( m5 _h be5 tra9$ = ?is task1 = 9 b a few m9utes t small portable tra9 0 buzz+ backw>d & =w>d on its own small portable rails1 di/ribut+ food & supplies4444 ,i've an idea t 9 "t ( battle x w\ld be possible = ^? /urdy little tra9s to %ift troops to critical or endang]$ po9ts at ! rate ( p]haps tw5ty miles an h\r4444 ,a portable railway = a battle-field /ruck me z com+ ab\t z close to mak+ w> by ma*9]y z any?+ ,i h ev] he>d (4 ,"o may ?us reasonably conclude1 9 reg>d to ! ,russo-,g]man fronti]1 7#a7 t ! broad] gauge ( ! ,russian railways w\ld itself (f] no real ob/acle to ! ,g]man troops :5ev] ! "t came = _! invad+ ,russian t]ritory2 7#b7 t 9 ?is ev5tuality ! ,g]mans w\ld be able1 by reason ( ! prep>ations made by !m 9 advance1 to lay d[n along ! ord9>y ,russian roads l9es ( milit>y light railways already put toge!r 9 complete sections ( comb9$ rails & sleep]s1 :i* sections w\ld only require to be fa/5$ ! "o to ! o!r to be at once ready = use2 & 7#c7 t ^! portable milit>y railways1 to be built on ,russian t]ritory1 7 design$ bo? to supplem5t & to r5d] /ill m effici5t ,g]many's network ( /rategical railways along h] ea/]n fronti]4 ,9 s\!rn ,silesia _m improvem5ts 9 ! rail communication ) ,au/ria 7 made 9 #aijj-aj4 ,new connections 7 e/abli%$ ) ! fronti] railways1 (f]+ alt]native r\tes f int]ior po9ts1 :ile v>i\s l9es :i* /opp$ %ort ( ! fronti] 7 ext5d$ to x & l9k$ up ) ,au/rian l9es on ! o!r side4 ,9 h] relations ) ,france1 ,g]many's ef=ts to improve /ill fur!r h] rail communications to ! ea/]n & nor?-ea/]n fronti]s ( t c\ntry h be5 cont9u\s s9ce ! w> ( #ahgj-a1 on :i* campaign %e />t$ ) a great advantage ov] ! ,fr5* s9ce %e 0 able to conc5trate h] troops on ^? fronti]s by n9e diff]5t r\tes1 namely1 six 9 ,nor? ,g]many1 & ?ree 9 ,s\? ,g]many1 :]eas ,france h]self _h !n only ?ree available4 ,! c\rse adopt$ by ,g]many has be5 7#a7 to secure a l>g] numb] ( r\tes to ! ,fr5* fronti]1 ,s\? ,g]many's ?ree l9es1 = in/ance1 be+ increas$ to six2 7#b7 to provide d\ble track1 or to sub/itute d\ble = s+le track1 = l9es lead+ to ! fronti] & hav+ a /rategical importance2 7#c7 to con/ruct l9es :i* cross transv]sely ^? proce$+ direct to ! ,fr5* fronti]s1 ?us all[+ ( int]communication & transf] ( traffic f "o to ano!r2 & 7#d7 improvem5t ( ! int]ior network ( l9es1 ) a view to facilitat+ milit>y transport s]vices 9 "t ( w>4 ,altoge!r1 says ,joe/51 we h n9ete5 po9ts at :i* our railways cross ! ,rh9e1 & sixte5 d\ble-track l9es = ! transport ( our troops f ea/ to we/1 z aga9/ ! n9e :i* 7 alone available = conc5tration 9 #ahgj4 ,:ile %[+ all ?is activity on ! imm$iate fronti]s ( ,france1 ,g]many 0 no less zeal\s 9 provid+ alt]native r\tes = a fre% invasion ( ,fr5* t]ritory1 ! adoption ( ?is fur!r policy be+ obvi\sly inspir$ by ! en]gy t ,france 0 h]self %[+ 9 ! /r5g!n+ ( h] nor?-ea/ fronti] aga9/ invasion4 ,"o su* alt]native r\te 0 repres5t$ by ,luxemburg4 ,n only did ,g]many h l9es ( h] own on ! nor?1 s\?1 & ea/ ( ,luxemburg1 b ! l9es )9 ! ,gr& ,du*y itself _h pass$ "u ,g]man control2 & if ,g]many ?\ght fit to disreg>d h] treaty obligations1 & use ! l9es = /rategical purposes1 ,luxemburg 0 p[]less to prev5t h] f s do+4 ,ano!r alt]native r\te 0 by way ( ,belgium2 & ! v>i\s developm5ts ( ,g]many's railway policy on ! ,belgian fronti] s9ce #aijh po9t 9 an unmi/akable mann] to delib]ate prep>ation on h] "p = an invasion ( t c\ntry1 :e!r = ! purpose ( pass+ ?r\gh x1 z a means ( rea*+ a m vuln]able "p ( ,fr5* t]ritory ?an ! /rongly =tifi$ nor?-ea/ corn]1 or 9 pursuance ( designs aga9/ ,belgium itself4 ,! full /ory ( ,g]many's activity 9 ?is direction w be f\nd 9 a s]ies ( articles f ! ,=tnightly ,review reproduc$ by ! au?or1 ,mr4 ,demetrius ,c4 ,b\lg]1 9 ,engl&'s ,ar*-,enemy3 ,a ,collection ( ,essays =m+ an ,indictm5t ( ,g]man ,policy dur+ ! la/ sixte5 ye>s 7,london1 #aiad74ec ,! /ory op5s ) ! e/abli%m5t by ,g]many1 ab\t ! ye> #ahif1 ( a camp at ,els5born1 t5 miles nor?-ea/ ( ,malmdy1 a t[n situate close to ! ,belgian fronti] & f\r miles f ! ,belgian t[n ( ,/avelot4 ,! camp 0 begun on a small scale1 & at ! outset ! e/abli%m5t ( x on ! site 9 "q 0 decl>$ by ! ,prussian au?orities to h no /rategical significance4 ,x /eadily develop$1 h[ev]1 9 size & importance1 & its position1 "* & surr\nd+s all sugge/$ t x 0 design$ = aggressive r ?an def5sive purposes4 ,at fir/ ! camp 0 rea*$ f ,hell5?al1 a /ation1 f\rte5 miles away1 on a light railway connect$ ) ! l9es 9 ! ,eifel di/rict1 betwe5 ,cologne & ,treves 7,tri]71 on ! ,moselle2 b 9 #ahif a light railway 0 con/ruct$ f ,aix-la-,*apelle p>allel ) ! ,belgian fronti] z f> z ,/4 ,vi?1 a di/ance ( fifty miles1 ! ma9 purpose ( ?is l9e be+ /at$ to be ! secur+ ( a bett] connection1 f ,s\rbrodt1 = ! camp at ,els5born4 ,! l9e 01 nev]!less1 ext5d$ to ,trois ,virges 7,g]4 ,ufl+571 :]e x connect$ bo? ) ! railway sy/em ( ! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,luxemburg & ) ! ma9 l9es ( ! ,belgian ,sy/em f ,pep9/]1 via ,spa1 ,/avelot1 ,trois ,ponts & ,g\vy1 to ,trois ,virges4 ,f ,trois ,ponts !re is a direct r\te to ,lige1 :ile ,g\vy1 situate only a few miles f ,trois ,virges1 is ! junction bo? = ,libramont1 on ! ma9 l9e f ,brussels to ,metz & ,alsace1 & = ! fur!r junction ( ,beatrix1 ! c5tral po9t ( a ,belgian l9e runn+ p>allel ) ! ,fr5* fronti] f ,d9ant to ,luxemburg4 ,! s+le-track l9e f ,aix-la-,*apelle along ! ,belgian fronti]1 supplem5t$ by a light-railway bran* f ,weismes to ,malmdy1 met all ! traffic requirem5ts ( a scantily-populat$ & primitive di/rict1 devoid alike ( indu/ries & ( local res\rces1 & (f]+ v little traffic2 b 9 #aijh ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t sudd5ly decid$ to d\ble ! l9e1 fir/ z f> z ,weismes1 & !n to ,/4 ,vi?1 not)/&+ t !re 0 no app>5t ju/ification = su* a proc$ure4 ,! wid5+ involv$1 also1 ! recon/ruction ( a high embankm5t orig9ally design$ = "o set ( metals1 a fact :i* %[$ t only a few ye>s previ\sly--s9ce :5 ! local traffic _h n mat]ially increas$--!re 0 no idea t a d\ble-track l9e w\ld ev] be want$4 ,/ill m significant 0 ! fact t1 9 addition to ! second set ( metals1 sid+s 7 provid$ on su* a scale at ! /ations en r\te1 9 localities possess+ only a doz5 or s ( cottages1 t1 9 ! aggregate1 tra9s conta9+ a complete ,army ,corps c\ld h be5 accommodat$ on !m4 ,at "o /ation ?ree sid+s1 ea* ab\t #ejj y>ds long1 7 suppli$1 & at ano!r a p]fect network ( sid+s 0 con/ruct$1 includ+ two :i* 7 at lea/ half a mile long & 71 also1 equipp$ ) turntables4#ed ,! provision1 m especially1 ( sid+s su* z ^! at local /ations :]e ! tra9s 7 few & f> betwe5 & ! ord9>y m]*&ise 0 repres5t$ by "s occasional coal trucks1 c\ld h b "o purpose4 ,!y 7 obvi\sly design$--9 conjunction ) ! sub/itution ( d\ble = s+le track--to p]mit ( a l>ge body ( troops1 :e!r f ,aix-la-,*apelle 7an important po9t ( conc5tration = ! ,prussian ,army1 on mobilisation71 or else:]e1 be+ assembl$ 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ,weismes1 ! junction ( ! bran* l9e to ,malmdy1 = an invasion ( ,belgium4 ,! d\bl+ ( ! rails z f> z ,weismes 0 complet$ by ,may1 #aiji4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds cont9u$ to ,/4 ,vi?1 & s on to ,trois ,virges4 ,we h ?us f>1 h[ev]1 got only ! fir/ *apt] ( ! /ory4 ,! second op5s ) ! fur!r attempt ( ! ,prussian ,gov]nm5t to secure an ext5sion ( ! ,weismes-,malmdy l9e z a light railway across ! fronti] to ,/avelot1 ?ree miles ea/ ( ,trois ,ponts1 ?us giv+ a %ort] r\te f ,aix-la-,*apelle & ! camp at ,els5born to ,lige1 ,namur1 ,l\va9 & ,brussels1 & a second r\te to ,g\vy = ,libramont1 ,b]trix & ! nor? ( ,france4 ,z ! result ( ! influ5ce !y 7 able to br+ to be> on !m1 ! ,g]mans succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t1 n only to agree to ! ,weismes-,malmdy bran* be+ cont9u$ to ,/avelot1 b !mselves to build ! great] "p ( ?is connect+ l9k1 & ev5 to cut1 on ! nor? ( ,/avelot1 a tunnel )\t :i* t t[n w\ld h rema9$ inaccessible by rail4 ,once m !re c\ld be no sugge/ion t ?is connect+ l9k1 op5$ 9 ,octob]1 #aiac1 0 want$ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! ord9>y traffic1 ! ne$s ( :i* 7 adequately met by ! dilig5ce runn+ twice a day betwe5 ,malmdy & ,/avelot4 ,:at 0 really aim$ at 0 a rail connection ) ! ,belgian sy/em by means ( :i* ! troops conc5trat$ 9 ^? ext5sive sid+s on ! ,aix-la-,*apelle-,/4 ,vi? l9e c\ld be p\r$ into ,belgium 9 a cont9u\s /ream = ! a*ievem5t ( designs on ,belgium or--op]at+ f ei!r ! ,belgian or ! ,luxemburg fronti]--on ,france4 ,9 help+ to provide ?is connection1 ,belgium1 z subsequ5t ev5ts 7 to %[1 0 9 a position ak9 to t ( a man =c$ to dig ! grave 9 :i* he is to be buri$ aft] be+ %ot2 b ,belgium1 we are told1 yield$ 9 ?is & o!r matt]s because %e c\ld n resi/ )\t support1 & no support 0 =?com+4 ,!re c]ta9ly 0 an attempt to lull possible suspicions by ! designation ( ! ,malmdy-,/avelot l9k z a light railway4 ,x 01 also1 evid5t t ! physical conditions ( ! ,weismes-,malmdy bran*1 ) :i* x 0 to connect1 w\ld n p]mit ( any heavy traffic along x4 ,b ! s-call$ light railway 0 built ) ! same gauge z ! ma9-l9e sy/ems on ea* side ( ! fronti]2 ! p[]s obta9$ 9 respect to x all[$ ( tra9s be+ run at a spe$ ( =ty miles an h\r1 z aga9/ ! recognis$ spe$ ( sixte5 miles an h\r on light railways prop]2 :ile no soon] _h ! l9k be5 e/abli%$ ?an ,g]many disc>d$ ! defective ,weismes-,malmdy bran* = ! purposes ( milit>y transport1 & built a new l9e f ,malmdy to ,weyw]tz1 a /ation to ! nor? or nor?-ea/ ( ,weismes4 ,?is ,malmdy-,weyw]tz bran* w\ld1 x 0 und]/ood1 be us$ exclusively = milit>y traffic1 & ! /ation at ,weyw]tz 01 9 due c\rse1 provid$ ) its own ext5sive plat=ms & network ( sid+s = ! accommodation ( troop tra9s4 ,we n[ come to ! ?ird *apt] ( ! /ory2 & "h we le>n t :at 0 happ5+ 9 ! imm$iate proximity ( ! ,g]man-,belgian fronti] 0 b "p ( a mu* wid] s*eme1 ?\gh "o /ill design$ to s]ve ! same purpose--t1 namely1 ( ensur+ ! invasion ( ,belgium by ,g]man troops ) ! greate/ facility & 9 ! lea/ possible "t4 ,f ,weyw]tz1 ! new junction = ,/avelot & ! ,belgian railways 9 g5]al1 ! ,g]mans built a l9e to ,jnk]a?1 a /ation nor? ( ,g]ol/e91 on ! l9e f ,cologne to ,treves4 ,!n f ,blank5heim1 imm$iately nor? ( ,jnk]a?1 & f ,liss5dorf1 on ! s\? ( ! same /ation1 !re 7 op5$ = traffic1 9 ,july1 #aiab1 new d\ble-track l9es :i*1 meet+ at ,dmpelfeld1 on ! exi/+ ,remag5-,ad5au l9e1 gave a ?r\gh r\te = troops f ! ,rh9e1 across ! ,eifel di/rict to ,weyw]tz1 & s on to ,/avelot = de/9ations 79 w>-"t7 ?r\gh\t ,belgium1 ,luxemburg1 or along ! nor!rn fronti] ( ,france4 ,?is direct r\te to ,belgium (f]$ ! fur!r advantage t x avoid$ any necessity = troops f ! ,rh9e to pass ?r\gh ,cologne1 :]e mu* conge/ion might o!rwise occur4 ,x also left ! ,aix-la-,*apelle-,weyw]tz r\te free = troops f ,cologne & ,we/phalia1 :ile a fur!r improvem5t ( ! facilities = cross+ ! ,rh9e made ,remag5 /ill m accessible = troops f all p>ts ( ,c5tral ,g]many de/9$ = ,belgium--& beyond4 ,ref]5ce to ! ,prussian ,/ate ,railways (ficial map %[s1 also1 7#a7 a new l9e f ,cobl5z :i* jo9s1 at ,may51 ! exi/+ railway f ,&]na*1 on ! ,rh9e1 to ,g]ol/e91 9 ! ,eifel1 :5ce ! ,belgian bord] c be rea*$ ei!r via ,jnk]a? & ,weyw]tz or via ,lamm]sweil] & ! ,luxemburg /ation ( ,trois-,virges2 7#b7 ! ext5sion to ,daun1 also on ! ,&]na*-,g]ol/e9 r\te1 ( a %ort bran* on ! ,cobl5z-,treves ,railway :i* previ\sly t]m9at$ at ,wittli*2 & 7#c7 sev]al o!r small l9es 9 ! ,eifel di/rict1 (f]+ additional facilities = ! conc5tration ( troops on ! ,belgian fronti]4 ,s ! ,malmdy-,/avelot light railway--especially 9 view ( ?is s]ies ( new ,g]man l9es all lead+ !reto--_h become a railway ( ! greate/ /rategical importance2 & ! f\r? *apt] ( ! /ory 7?\gh "o ^u :i* x is n propos$ to ent] "h7 w\ld %[ h[ ?is network ( /rategical l9es1 develop$ ) s mu* en]gy & ?or\ghness1 0 br\ght into op]ation 9 #aiad imm$iately on ! outbreak ( w>1 &1 f t "t1 con/itut$ "o ( ! ma9 art]ies = ! passage ( ,g]man troops to & f ,belgium & ,nor!rn ,france4 ,9 reg>d to ,holl&1 "o f9ds a new l9e ( railway f ,jli*--a /ation rea*$ f ,dr51 on ! ma9 l9e betwe5 ,cologne & ,aix-la-,*apelle--to ,dalheim1 ! ,g]man fronti] /ation on ! direct l9e f ,cologne via ,rheydt to ,ro]mond1 a ,dut* /ation on ! "r bank ( ! ,meuse 7:i* is "h cross$ by two bridges71 & !nce ?r\gh ! ,belgian /ations ( ,moll & ,h]5?als & across ! flat expanse ( ! ,camp9e to ,antw]p4 ,?is l9e obvi\sly (f]s an alt]native r\te = ! transport ( troops f ,cologne & ,aix-la-,*apelle to ,dalheim2 b ( /ill great] significance is ! in=mation giv5 by ! writ] ( ! ,=tnightly ,review articles z to ! *anges c>ri$ out at ,dalheim itself1 trans=m+ t place f an unimportant halt+-place into a po9t ( conc5tration ( great /rategical importance on ! fronti]s ( ,holl&4 ,inasmu* z ! l9e f ,dalheim to ,ro]mond & on to ,antw]p 0 already a d\ble "o1 ! alt]ations made at ,dalheim 7 conf9$ to a lib]al provision ( railway sid+s 9 ord] t1 z we h se5 0 done on ! ,belgian fronti]1 a l>ge body ( troops c\ld be conc5trat$ = a possible invasion1 9 ?is in/ance1 ei!r ( ,holl& itself1 or ( ,belgium by ! alt]native r\te across ! s\?-ea/]n corn] ( ,dut* t]ritory4 ,"o ( ! ,dalheim sid+s1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile 9 l5g?1 situate on a high embankm5t2 &1 9 ord] t x c\ld be rea*$ )\t int]f]+ ) o!r traffic1 a bridge ov] :i* ! ma9 l9e runs ea/ ( ,dalheim /ation 0 wid5$ to all[ ( ! lay+ across x ( a ?ird pair ( rails4 ,o!r sid+s adjo9+ ,dalheim /ation h no few] ?an t5 pairs ( p>allel rails1 & !re are /ill o!rs on ! we/ ( ! same /ation1 t[>ds ! ,dut* fronti]4 ,at ,wegb]g & ,rheydt1 ea/ ( ,dalheim1 fur!r sid+s 7 provid$ :i*1 l ^? at ,dalheim1 w\ld n possibly be requir$ = o!r ?an milit>y reasons4 ,summ+ up ! situation 9 reg>d alike to ! ,belgian & ! ,dut* fronti]s1 ,mr4 ,b\lg] rem>ks1 9 8 article ( ,febru>y1 #aiad3-- ,?us on an arc ext5d+ f ,treves to ,nijmeg5 7exclud+ f our purview :at is call$ ! ma9 conc5tration on ! ,sa>1 beh9d ,metz71 ! ,g]man ,w> ,dep>tm5t has arrang$ = a simultane\s advance by f\rte5 sep>ate r\tes across ,holl&1 ,belgium & ! ,gr& ,du*y4 ,9 view ( all ^! facts1 !re is no possible room = d\bt z to ! prolong$ & ext5sive nature ( ! prep>ations made by ,g]many = ! w> %e in/igat$ 9 #aiad2 b ! p>ticul> consid]ation ) :i* we are "h conc]n$ is t ( see+ to :at ext5t ^? prep>ations relat$ ei!r to ! con/ruction ( /rategical l9es ( railway or to ! adaptation ( exi/+ l9es to /rategical purposes4 ,leav+ ,belgium & ,holl&1 & look+ at ! ,prussian ,/ate l9es 9 ,s*leswig-,hol/e91 "o f9ds on ! (ficial map ! indication ( a new l9e 7p>tly built & p>tly "u con/ruction 9 #aiaj7 :i*1 />t+ f ,holt5au1 at ! m\? ( ! ,kais] ,wilhelm ,canal 9 ! ,baltic1 cont9ues ! %ort di/ance to ,kiel1 !n turns to ! we/1 connects ) ! ,neumn/]-,v&rup ma9 l9e to ,d5m>k1 crosses ! canal1 & s on to ,husum1 a junction on ! ,altona-,esbj]g we/-coa/ r\te4 ,?is new l9e w\ld evid5tly be ( /rategical advantage 9 mov+ troops f ,kiel ei!r = ! def5ce ( ! ,kais] ,wilhelm ,canal or to resi/ invasion by sea on ! nor? ( ! wat]way4 ,!n ! exi/+ l9e f ,kiel ?r\gh ,eck]nfrde to ,fl5sburg1 on ! ,neumn/]-,v&rup r\te to ,d5m>k1 & giv+ ?r\gh connection f ,kiel to ,tond]n & ,hoy] on ! we/ coa/--has be5 nationalis$1 & s add$ to ! ,prussian ,/ate sy/em2 :ile f two /ations j to ! nor? ( ,fl5sburg !re are %ort new l9es :i*1 meet+ at ,torsbll1 cont9ue to ! ,als5] ,sund1 on ! we/ ( ! ,little ,belt1 & may--or may n--be ( value 9 improv+ ,prussia's /rategical position 9 ?is corn] ( ! ,baltic1 & 9 imm$iate proximity to ! ,dani% isl& ( ,fn54 ,f9ally a l>ge numb] ( additions h be5 made 9 rec5t ye>s to ! ,/ate ,railway sy/ems 9 ! int]ior ( ,g]many2 &1 al?\gh a good proportion ( ^! may h be5 provid$ to meet ! increas$ economic & social ne$s ( ! ,g]man p1 _m ( !m mu/ be reg>d$ z /rategical l9es design$ to facilitate 7#a7 ! mobilisation ( troops on ! outbreak ( w>2 7#b7 _! conc5tration1 by r\tes cov]+ all p>ts ( ! ,empire1 z arrang$ long 9 advance2 & 7#c7 _! spe$y transf] across c\ntry f "o fronti] to ano!r1 %\ld sev]al campaigns be f\ght at ! same "t4 ,! resort by ,g]many to /rategical railways 9 ,africa & else:]e1 z a means ( fur!r+ h] ,weltpolitik1 w be dealt ) 9 ! two *apt]s t foll[4 ,,footnotes3 #eb ,gesammelte ,s*rift54 ,b]l91 #ahia1 etc4 #ec ,! articles :i* "h specially come into "q are--,! ,m5ace ( ,els5born 7publi%$ 9 ! ,=tnightly1 ,july1 #aijh72 ,an ,object ,lesson 9 ,g]man ,plans 7,febru>y1 #aiaj72 & ,a ,fur!r ,object ,lesson 9 ,g]man ,plans 7,febru>y1 #aiad74 #ed ,!y 7 hydraulic turntables1 accord+ to ,major ,/u>t-,/eph5s4 ,see ,! ,engli% ,review = ,june1 #aiae4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,a ,,g]man-,,african ,,empire ,/rategical railways 9 ,s\?-,we/ ,africa 7 built by ,g]many z a means t[>ds ! a*ievem5t ( h] designs on ,briti% ,s\? ,africa2 b ^!1 9 turn1 7 only "p ( a /ill great] plan hav+ = its purpose ! trans=mation ( ,africa z a :ole into a ,g]man-,african ,empire :i* %\ld comp>e 9 value1 if n 9 glory1 ) t ( ! ,indian ,empire itself4 ,colonisation societies began to be =m$ 9 ,g]many z e>ly z #ahdi2 ?\gh 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! aims ( _! promot]s 7 direct$ ma9ly to su* p>ts ( ! _w z ,brazil1 ,texas1 ! ,mosquito ,%ore1 ,*ili & ,morocco4 ,all su* places z ^!1 h[ev]1 (f]$ ! disadvantage t ,g]mans go+ !re c\ld only become =eign settl]s "u ! m or less civilis$ ,p[]s already 9 possession4#ee ,9 ! #fj's & #gj's ( ! n9ete5? c5tury att5tion 9 ,g]many began to be div]t$1 r1 to ,africa z a l& :]e va/ expanses1 possess+ great prospects & possibilities1 & n yet controll$ by any civilis$ ,p[]1 7 /ill available n only = colonisation b = acquisition4 ,s x 0 t successive ,g]man travell]s explor$ _m diff]5t p>ts ( ,africa & publi%$ acc\nts ( _! j\rneys design$1 n m]ely z contributions to geographical sci5ce1 b1 also1 to impress a !n some:at apa!tic ,g]man public ) ! importance ( _! acquir+ a foot+ on ! ,african cont95t4 ,9 #ahgc a ,g]man ,society = ! ,exploration ( ,equatorial ,africa 0 f\nd$4 ,?is 0 foll[$ 9 #ahgf by ! ,g]man ,african ,society1 & subsequ5tly ^! two bodies 7 comb9$ "u ! "n ( ! ,b]l9 ,african ,society4 ,n long aft] ?is1 evid5ce 0 =?com+ t some?+ f> m ?an ! settl+ ( ,g]man coloni/s 9 ,africa & ! secur+ ( a foot+ on ,african soil by ,g]many 0 really be+ kept 9 view4 ,9 #ahhj ,sir ,b>tle ,fr]e1 at t "t ,gov]nor ( ! ,cape & ,high ,commission] = ,s\? ,africa1 =w>d$ to ,"l ,kimb]ley a translation ( an article :i* _h j be5 contribut$ to ! ,geographis*e ,na*ri*t5 by ,ern/ von ,web]2 &1 9 do+ s he in=m$ ! ,colonial ,secret>y t ! article conta9$ a cle> & well-argu$ /atem5t 9 fav\r ( ! plan = a ,g]man colony 9 ,s\? ,africa :i* 0 mu* discuss$ 9 ,g]man comm]cial & political circles ev5 be=e ! ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 & is said to h be5 "o ( ! imm$iate motives ( ! ,g]man mission ( sci5tific inquiry :i* visit$ s\!rn & ea/]n ,africa 9 #ahgj-ga4 ,von ,web]'s proposals#ef po9t$1 h[ev]1 to ! creation1 n simply ( a ,g]man colony 9 ,s\? ,africa1 b ( a ,g]man ,empire 9 ,africa4 ,a new ,empire1 he wrote1 possibly m valuable & m brilliant ?an ev5 ! ,indian ,empire1 awaits 9 ! newly-discov]$ ,c5tral ,africa t ,p[] :i* %all possess suffici5t c\rage1 /r5g? & intellig5ce to acquire x2 & he proce$$ to %[ 7#a7 :y ,g]many %\ld be ?is ,p[]1 & 7#b7 ! means by :i* %e might ev5tually secure control ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( trad+ settlem5ts 0 to ensure = ! ,g]mans a foot+ 9 ! di/ricts nor? ( ! ,transvaal1 & ?is 0 to be foll[$ by ! flood+ ( ,s\? ,africa g5]ally ) ,g]man immigrants4 ,! ,bo]s spread ?r\gh\t ,s\? ,africa 7 already alli$ to ! ,g]mans by spee* & habits1 & !y w\ld1 he ?\ght1 be sure to emigrate to ! nor? & place !mselves "u ! protection ( ! ,g]man colonies !re1 r ?an rema9 subject to ! hat$ ,briti%4 ,9 any case1 a con/ant mass-immigration ( ,g]mans w\ld gradually br+ ab\t a decid$ num]ical prepond]ance ( ,g]mans ov] ! ,dut* population1 & ( itself w\ld effect ! ,g]manisation ( ! c\ntry 9 a peaceful mann]4 ,x 01 he cont9u$1 ?is free1 unlimit$ room = annexation 9 ! nor?1 ?is op5 access to ! he>t ( ,africa1 :i* pr9cipally inspir$ me ) ! idea1 n[ m ?an f\r ye>s ago1 t ,g]many %\ld try1 by ! acquisition ( ,delagoa ,bay & ! subsequ5t cont9u$ influx ( ,g]man immigrants into ! ,transvaal1 to secure future dom9ion ov] ! c\ntry1 & s pave ! way = ! f\ndation ( a ,g]man-,african ,empire ( ! future4 ,! proc$ure to be foll[$ 0 7#a7 ! acquir+ ( t]ritory 9 ,africa by ,g]many :]ev] %e c\ld get x1 :e!r 9 ! c5tral or 9 ! coa/al di/ricts2 7#b7 co-op]ation ) ! ,bo]s z a /ep t[>ds br++ !m & _! ,republics "u ,g]man suz]a9ty2 & 7#c7 ! ov]?r[ ( ,briti% influ5ce1 ) ! sub/itution = x ( ,g]man supremacy4 ,^! ideas ga9$ wide acceptance 9 ,g]many2 !y became a lead+ factor 9 ! colonial policy ( ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t1 & !y reconcil$ ! ,g]man p1 m or less1 to ! heavy burd5s :i* ! developm5ts ( t policy 7 to involve4 ,,g]man ,,s\?-,,we/ ,,africa ,! fir/ /eps t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( ! aspirations ent]ta9$ 7 tak5 by ,h]r ,adolf ,ld]itz1 a ,brem5 m]*ant :o1 act+ "u ! auspices ( ! ,g]man ,colonial ,society1 & hav+ receiv$ f ! ,imp]ial ,=eign ,(fice assurances ( its protection1 e/abli%$ a trad+ settlem5t1 9 ,april1 #ahhc1 9 ! bay ( ,angra ,pequea1 situate betwe5 ,namaqual& & ,dam>al& on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa1 & ab\t #aej miles nor? ( ,orange ,riv]1 ! nor!rn b\nd>y ( ,cape ,colony4 ,acquir+ f a ,hott5tot *ief a /ret* ( t]ritory #bae miles 9 ext5t 9 ! ,h9t]l& ( ,angra ,pequea1 ,ld]itz rais$ ! ,g]man flag 9 ! settlem5t1 :i* ?us became ,g]many's fir/ colony4 ,fur!r concessions ( t]ritory 7 obta9$1 & 9 ,septemb]1 #ahhd1 ,g]many ann\nc$ t ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa1 f #bf degrees ,s4 latitude to ,cape ,frio1 except+ ,walfis* ,bay 7decl>$ ,briti% 9 #ahgh71 _h be5 plac$ "u ! protection ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or4 ,a treaty made betwe5 ,engl& & ,g]many 9 #ahij def9$ ! limits ( ! ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,african ,protectorate z b\nd$ on ! s\? by ! ,orange ,riv] & ,cape ,colony1 on ! nor? by ,portuguese ,angola1 on ! we/ by ! ,atlantic1 & on ! ea/ by ,briti% ,be*uanal&1 ) ! s-call$ ,caprivi ,/rip1 giv+ ,g]many access f ! nor?-ea/ corn] ( h] ,protectorate to a po9t on ! ,zambezi ,riv] nor? ( ,victoria ,falls4#eg ,! total area compris$ )9 ^! b\nd>ies 0 ab\t #cbb1bjj squ>e miles4 ,at ! outset1 ! new ,protectorate ar\s$ little en?usiasm 9 ,g]many z a colony :]e h] surplus population c\ld hope to settle & prosp] "u ! ,g]man flag in/ead ( go+ to =eign c\ntries1 z s _m ?\s&s ( ,g]mans 7 !n do+4 ,on a coa/-l9e ( #ijj miles !re 0 no good natural h>b\r except ! "o at ,walfis* ,bay1 own$ by ! ,briti%4 ,swakopmund & ,ld]itzbu*t1 on :i* ! ,g]man coloni/s w\ld h to rely1 7 !n little bett] ?an op5 road/eads4 ,consid]able expanses ( ! t]ritory itself consi/ ( dr\ght-/rick5 des]t4 ,! ra9fall 9 ,dam>al& & ,namaqual& av]ages only ab\t ?ree in*es a ye>4 ,9 c]ta9 di/ricts a p]iod ( five or six ye>s has be5 kn[n to pass )\t any ra9 at all4 ,a record ( ra9fall on "s p>ts ( ! coa/ has %[n a total ( "o-fif? ( an in* 9 ! c\rse ( twelve mon?s4 ,at ,walfis* ,bay ! ,briti% settlem5t imports its fre% wat] f ,capet[n4 ,on ! high] ( ! s]ies ( plateaux ris+ gradually to ! ,kalah>i des]t ! climatic conditions are m fav\rable1 & ! bett] ra9fall 9 ! nor?-ea/ all[s ( good crops be+ gr[n1 :ile v>i\s sections are fav\rable = /ock-rais+4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 also1 v>i\s deposits ( copp] 7 f\nd 9 ! di/rict ( ,otavi1 "s #djj miles f ,swakopmund1 & diamond fields1 :i* yield$ ne>ly #a1jjj1jjj wor? ( /ones 9 ! fir/ ye>1 7 discov]$ ea/ ( ,ld]itzbu*t 9 #aijh4 ,b 9 ,g]many ! ,protectorate 0 reg>d$ z a desirable acquisition ma9ly1 if n exclusively1 because ( ! advantages x 0 expect$ to af=d z a base = ! ev5tual creation ( a ,g]man-,african ,empire4 ,,! ,,h]]o ,,ris+ ,! atta9m5t ( ?is high] purpose seem$ likely to be fur!r$ z ! result ( ! /eps tak5 to suppress ! ris+s ( ! ,h]]os & ! ,hott5tots betwe5 ! ye>s #aijc & #aijg4 ,n only did ! re9=cem5ts s5t out f ,g]many assume su* proportions t at "o "t ! ,g]mans are said to h _h no few] ?an #ai1jjj m5 "u arms 9 ! ,protectorate1 b ! troops took ) !m a pl5tiful supply ( pom-poms1 m\nta9 guns1 field guns & ,maxims ( v>i\s k9ds1 ! ,revue ,militaire des ,armes trangres be+ l$ to rem>k !reon t ! ,g]man columns _h an unusually l>ge proportion ( artill]y1 r\ghly two batt]ies to ?ree companies ( m\nt$ infantry2 & x is difficult to believe t s _m guns 7 necess>y1 especially z ! ,h]]os _h no artill]y at all4#eh ,probably1 ! ,revue cont9u$1 ! artill]y c\ld h be5 disp5s$ ) altoge!r2 & _h ?is be5 done1 ! columns w\ld h be5 r5d]$ m mobile4 ,! milit>y measures tak5 appe>$ to be 9 excess ( requirem5ts ev5 :5 all[ance 0 made = ! fact t ! campaign 0 f\ght 9 difficult c\ntry & t ! ,g]mans !mselves lo/ ab\t #e1jjj m52 b ! real significance ( ! policy adopt$ lay 9 ! keep+ ( a consid]able proportion ( ! ,g]man exp$ition>y =ce 9 ! colony aft] ! ris+ _h1 ) ,g]man ?or\ghness1 be5 effectively cru%$4 ,?is proc$ure attract$ att5tion & adv]se comm5t ev5 9 ,g]many1 :]e d\bts 7 already be+ ent]ta9$ z to :e!r good value 0 be+ receiv$ = ! #cj1jjj1jjj :i* ! suppression ( ! tr\bles _h co/4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 made cle> t ! /ill consid]able body ( ,g]man troops left 9 ! colony 0 be+ kept on h& !re 9 case ( ! opportunity aris+ = its employm5t 9 ano!r direction--t1 namely1 ( a*iev+ ,g]many's aspirations 9 reg>d to ! conque/ ( ,briti% ,s\? ,africa1 & ! f9al elim9ation ( ,briti% influ5ce f ,africa 9 g5]al4 ,evid5ce bo? z to ! nature ( ^! cont9u$ aspirations & z to ! fur!r purpose x 0 hop$ ! troops on ! spot might effect 0 =?com+ 9 v>i\s directions4 ,9 a book ( #daf pages1 publi%$ 9 #aije1 "u ! title ( ,das neue ,sdafrika1 ,dr4 ,paul ,samassa emphasis$ ! "p :i* ! ,g]man p _h tak5 9 ! settlem5t ( ,s\? ,africa2 po9t$ to ! close relation%ip & aff9ity ( feel+ betwe5 ,g]mans & ,bo]s2 enc\rag$ ! idea ( _! mutually look+ =w>d to ! op5+ up ( ,s\? ,africa z a l& ( settlem5t = ! ,g]man race1 & said1 fur!r3-- ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa is1 to-day1 a /rong tramp c>d 9 our h&s1 f ! po9t ( view ( ,weltpolitik4 ,9 ,engl& mu* has be5 said ( late z to :at a good ?+ x w\ld be = t c\ntry if our fleet 7 annihilat$ be=e x became dang]\s4444 ,on our side we might cool ^! hot-heads1 & /r5g!n ! peace p>ty 9 ,engl&1 if we rem9d$ !m t1 :atev] ! loss to ourselves ( a w> ) t c\ntry1 ,engl& w\ld run a great] risk--t ( los+ ,s\? ,africa4 ,we h 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa to-day ab\t #ab1jjj troops1 ( :om "o-half w rema9 !re = a consid]able "t4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a w> betwe5 ,g]many & ,engl& ! ,s\? ,african coa/ w\ld naturally be blockad$ by ,engl&2 & !re w\ld !n be no?+ left = our troops to d b to g on to ,cape ,colony--= _! food supplies4 ,9 s do+ !y c\ld1 he argu$1 c\nt ^u ! support ( ! ,bo]s1 ( :om !re 7 #ad1jjj oppos$ to ! ,engli% at ! end ( ! ,s\? ,african w>4 ,z aga9/ ?is possible conc5tration ( ,g]man troops & ,bo]s !re 0 ! fact t ! ,engli% g>rison 9 ,s\? ,africa did n exce$ #bj1jjj4 ,s1 he add$1 ! p 9 ,engl& c\ld consid] :at an incalculable adv5ture a w> ) ,g]many might be1 not)/&+ ! sup]iority ( ! ,engli% fleet4 ,speak+ 9 ! ,rei*/ag 9 ,febru>y1 #aijf1 ,h]r ,l$eb\r call$ att5tion to ! fact t ,major von ,franois1 :o at "o "t 0 9 comm& ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 _h decl>$1 9 8 book1 ,nama und ,dam>a1 issu$ ?ree mon?s previ\sly1 t few] ?an "o ?\s& troops w\ld suffice to ma9ta9 ord] 9 ! colony2 & ,h]r ,l$eb\r add$3--,= two ye>s imag9ative ,pan-,g]man politicians h be5 dissem9at+ ! idea t a l>ge =ce mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 ,s\?-,we/ ,africa = ! purpose ( ex]cis+ 9 ! sph]e ( ,weltpolitik pressure ^u ,engl&1 ) ! ev5tual object ( invad+ ,cape ,colony4 ,!re is ! te/imony1 also1 ( ,an ,anglo-,g]man1 :o1 9 ! c\rse ( an article on ,g]man ,cl]ks 9 ,briti% ,(fices1 publi%$ 9 ,! ,london ,magaz9e = ,novemb]1 #aiaj1 tells ! foll[+ /ory3-- ,dur+ a rec5t /ay 9 ,g]many ,i 0 introduc$ by a man ,i "k to be "o ( ! *ief function>ies ( ! ,comm]ce ,def5ce ,league#ei to a fri5d ( 8 :o _h j return$ f ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 ,on a subsequ5t meet+ ,i ent]$ into conv]sation ) ?is g5tleman1 & made inquiries ab\t ,g]man progress 9 t "p ( ! _w4 ,he answ]$ my que/ions )\t res]ve4 ,little headway 0 be+ made1 & little 0 look$ =4 ,m5 & money 7 be+ freely exp5d$1 )\t pres5t return4 ,! only good h>b\r 7,walfis* ,bay7 is a ,briti% possession1 z likewise are all ! isl&s ( any value :i* are dott$ along ! coa/4 ,:y !n1 0 my inevitable qu]y1 d ! ,g]mans p]si/ 9 _! occupation ( ! c\ntry8 ,he smil$ craftily4 ,we ,g]mans look f> ahead1 my fri5d1 he repli$4 ,we =esee a ,briti% dbcle 9 ,s\? ,africa1 & we are on ! spot4 ,?anks to ! pione]s ( our excell5t ,league1 our plans are all matur$4 ,! ,league f9ances ! s*eme & ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t supplies ! milit>y =ces4 ,by cession--or o!rwise--,walfis* ,bay w be=e long be ,g]man t]ritory2 b 9 ! meantime ,briti% ,free ,trade opposes no ob/acle to u1 & we c pursue our purpose unmole/$4 ,b :at is t purpose8 ,i ask$1 ) ! object ( lead+ him on4 ,surely y are n s bl9d z to ne$ enlight5m5t6 0 8 reply4 ,g]many has long reg>d$ ,s\? ,africa z a future possession ( h] own4 ,:5 ! inevitable happ5s1 & ,great ,brita9 f9ds h] h&s full else:]e1 we are ready to /rike ! mom5t ! signal is giv51 & ,cape ,colony1 ,be*uanal&1 ,rhodesia--all fronti] ,/ates--w fall l ripe apples into our grasp4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 t ,g]many might be prep>$ ?us to take action at a mom5t's notice1 two ?+s 7 ess5tial1 9 addition to hav+ troops on ! spot1 namely1 7#a7 t ! colony %\ld possess railways )9 /rik+ di/ance alike ( ! ,cape1 ( ,be*uanal& & ( ,rhodesia2 & 7#b7 t ! milit>y prep>ations z a :ole %\ld be s complete z to be ready = any em]g5cy4 ,,railways ,,9 ,g4,s4,w4 ,,africa ,railways 7 indisp5sable on acc\nt1 n only ( ! consid]able di/ances to be cov]$1 b1 also1 ( ! s&-belts & /ret*es ( des]t across :i* ! transport ( troops & /ores w\ld be a matt] ( great difficulty )\t ! help ( railways4 ,!y 71 9 fact1 a vital "p ( ! :ole s*eme4 ,foll[+ on ,g]many's annexation ( ,dam>al& & ,great ,namaqual&1 & h] conv]sion ( !m into ! ,protectorate ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 a p>ty ( ,g]man eng9e]s & surveyors l&$ at ,swakopmund ) ! design ( plann+ a l9e ( railway to be con/ruct$ f t po9t to ,w9dhoek1 & !nce across ! ,kalah>i des]t to ! ,transvaal4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 also1 ,g]mans & ,bo]s 7 alike work+ to secure z mu* ( ,be*uanal& z !y c\ld1 )\t attract+ too mu* att5tion to _! proce$+s4 ,a realisation ( ^! fur!r aims might h be5 ( great value to ,g]many 9 facilitat+ ! atta9m5t ( h] full programme 9 respect to ,africa2 b ! s*eme 0 fru/rat$ by ,great ,brita9's annexation ( ,be*uanal& 9 ,septemb]1 #ahhe1 ! result ( ! /ep ?us tak5 be+ to drive a w$ge ( ,briti% t]ritory betwe5 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa & ! ,bo] ,republics4 ,s ! railway 9 "q got no fur!r ea/ ?an ,w9dhoek1 ! capital ( ! colony1 a di/ance inl& ( #bcg miles4 ,hav+ fail$ 9 "o direction1 ,g]many tri$ ano!r4 ,"u a concession grant$ to !m 9 #ahhg by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,transvaal ,republic1 a gr\p ( ,dut*1 ,g]man & o!r capitali/s1 con/itut+ ! ,ne!rl&s ,s\? ,african ,railway ,company1 built a railway f ,delagoa ,bay to ,pretoria2 & ! new aim ( ,g]many 01 app>5tly1 to make use ( ?is l9e1 & s get access to ! ,transvaal--& beyond--f ! ea/ coa/ in/ead ( f ! we/4 ,confirmation ( ?is fact is to be f\nd 9 ,a ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,transvaal ,secret ,s]vice ,sy/em1 f its ,inception to ! ,pres5t ,"t1 writt5 by ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,hey]1 & publi%$ at ,cape ,t[n 9 #ahii4 ,! writ] _h held a position 9 ! ,transvaal :i* enabl$ him to le>n _m int]e/+ facts conc]n+ ! work+ ( ! sy/em 9 "q4 ,among o!r ?+s he tells h[1 at ,lisbon1 e ef=t 0 made to obta9 a port 9 ,delagoa ,bay1 & h[1 aid$ by ,g]many1 ,dr4 ,leyds approa*$ ,lisbon ov] & ov] aga9 ) a view to get ,delagoa ,bay c$$ to ! ,transvaal2 ?\gh ! ,doctor got no m f ! ,portuguese au?orities ?an a rem9d] t1 "u ! ,london ,conv5tion ( #ahhd1 ! ,s\? ,african ,republic c\ld conclude no treaty or engagem5t ) any =eign ,/ate or nation 7except ! ,orange ,free ,/ate7 until su* treaty or engagem5t _h be5 submitt$ to ! ,que5 ( ,engl& = h] approval4 ,t ,g]many1 9 giv+ h] aid 9 ^! matt]s to ! ,transvaal ,republic1 0 inspir$ by a reg>d = ! fur!r+ ( h] own p>ticul> s*emes is beyond all reasonable d\bt2 b ,mr4 ,hey] %[s1 also1 t :5 ! negotiations ) ,portugal 7 unsuccessful1 !re 0 elaborat$ a s*eme "u :i* ,g]many & ! ,transvaal 7 to get :at !y want$ by means ( a c\p de ma94 ,mr4 ,hey] says on ?is subject3-- ,i h be=e me a copy ( a docum5t1 dat$ ,pretoria1 ,augu/ #bd1 #ahib 7! orig9al ( :i* is /ill 9 a c]ta9 ,gov]nm5t (fice 9 ,pretoria71 :]e9 a ,pretoria-,b]l9 s*eme is detail$1 namely1 ,h[ a few regim5ts ( ,prussian ,infantry c\ld be l&$ at ,delagoa ,bay & =ce _! way into ,transvaal t]ritory1 &1 'once 91' defy ,briti% suz]a9ty1 & = all "t 'hang ! annoy+ "q ( h] p>am\ntcy on ! nail4' ,! "n ( ,h]r von ,h]ff1 !n ,g]man ,consul at ,pretoria1 appe>s on ! docum5t4 ,any "o read+ ?is clev]ly-plann$ ,desc5t on ,delagoa w\ld be readily conv9c$ z to h[ v easily a ,g]man raid on ,delagoa t]ritory c\ld be successfully accompli%$4 ,?is project1 also1 prov$ abortive1 &1 9 default ( ,delagoa ,bay1 ,g]many _h /ill to reg>d h] ,s\?-,we/ ,african ,protectorate1 ) its railways & its arm$ =ces1 z ! base f :i* ,briti% int]e/s 7 to be wip$ out--soon] or lat]--f ! ,cape to ,cairo4 ,at ! "t ( ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aiad1 ! pr9cipal railways 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa--ap>t f "s m9or l9es :i* d n come into consid]ation--7 z foll[s3-- ---------------------------------------- ----------- #b ft4 ,,gauge4 #c ft4 #f 94 ,,gauge4 ,,railway4 ,miles4 ,miles4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,nor!rn #aba #aai ,otavi #dbe -- ,s\!rn -- #cdj ,nor?-to-,s\? -- #cag ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,total #edf #ggg ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,grant+ t ! ,nor!rn ,railway 0 ne$$ to af=d a means ( communication betwe5 ,swakopmund & ! capital ( ! colony1 & t ! orig9al purpose ( ! ,otavi l9e 0 to provide an outlet = ! copp] obta9$ f ! m9es 9 t di/rict1 x is1 nev]!less1 ! fact t ! ,s\!rn & ! ,nor?-to-,s\? l9es 7 design$ to s]ve :at 7 ma9ly or exclusively /rategical purposes4 ,:5 ! build+ ( ! fir/ section ( ! ,s\!rn l9e--f ,ld]itzbu*t to ,aus--0 "u consid]ation 9 ! ,rei*/ag1 "o ( ! memb]s ( t body1 ,h]r ,lattmann1 recomm5d$ t ! vote %\ld be pass$ )\t be+ ref]r$ to a committee2 & 9 support ( 8 recomm5dation he said3-- ,?is way ( pass+ ! vote w\ld be ( p>ticul> importance = ! :ole nation1 s9ce ! railway w\ld n !n h to be reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( provision+ our troops1 or ) reg>d to ! f9ancially remun]ative "* ( ! colony1 b because a mu* m s]i\s "q lies beh9d x1 namely1 :at significance has ! railway 9 ! ev5t ( complications betwe5 ,g]many & o!r nations8 ,yes1 ?is railway c be employ$ = o!r purposes ?an = transport f ! coa/ to ! int]ior2 our troops c be easily convey$ by x f ! int]ior to ! coa/ & !nce to o!r places4 ,if1 = example1 a w> _h brok5 out ) ,engl& we c\ld s5d !m into ,cape ,colony4 ,f ,aus ! l9e 0 ext5d$ 9 #aijh to ,keetman%oop1 a di/ance inl& ( #bcj miles f ,ld]itzbu*t4 ,situate 9 ! ,bezirk 7di/rict7 ( ,s\?-,we/ ,africa ne>e/ to ,cape ,prov9ce1 ,keetman%oop1 ) ! railway z a s\rce ( supply f ! *ief h>b\r ( ! colony1 develop$ into ! lead+ milit>y /ation ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 ,at ,keetman%oop all ! *ief milit>y au?orities 7 /ation$4 ,x became ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,m$ical ,corps1 ! ,ordnance ,dep>tm5t1 ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,corps1 & ! ,intellig5ce ,corps ( ! ,s\!rn ,comm&4 ,x 0 ! po9t ( mobilisation = all ! troops 9 t ,comm&4 ,x _h a consid]able g>rison1 & x _h1 also1 an ars5al :i* a correspond5t ( ! ,transvaal ,*ronicle1 :o visit$ ! t[n ab\t two ye>s be=e ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aiad & ga!r$ mu* in=mation conc]n+ ! milit>y prep>ations :i* _h !n already be5 made1#fj describ$ z f\r times z l>ge1 &1 9 reg>d to its cont5ts1 f\r times z important1 z ! ars5al at ,w9dhoek4 ,^? cont5ts includ$--#dg gun c>riages2 f\rte5 #af-p\nd]s2 eighte5 ambulances2 #hb cov]$ convoy vehicles2 #c1bhg :eels1 mo/ly = trek ox-wagons2 ?ree l>ge transportable m>quees us$ z magaz9es & conta9+ #bh1jjj milit>y rifles2 huge quantities ( b&oli]s1 kits1 etc42 ?ree fur!r magaz9es = ammunition1 & l>ge /ores ( fodd]2 :ile fur!r milit>y supplies 7 con/antly arriv+ by tra9 f ,ld]itzbu*t1 :i!r !y 7 br\ght f ,g]many by ,g]man %ips4 ,9 ! ars5al work%ops 0 a /aff ( m5 actively engag$ on ! mak+ (1 among o!r milit>y requirem5ts1 #a1jjj saddles & wat] bags = ! ,camel ,corps kept available = cross+ ! des]t betwe5 ! fur!/ limit ( ! railway & ! ,cape ,prov9ce bord]4 ,x 01 also1 9 ?is s\?-ea/]n di/rict1 & 9 imm$iate proximity1 !re=e1 to ,cape ,prov9ce & ,be*uanal&1 t ! milit>y =ces kept 9 ! colony _h all _! pr9cipal manoeuvres4 ,( /ill great] importance1 f a /rategical /&po9t1 0 ! bran* ( ?is ,s\!rn ,railway :i*1 />t+ f ,seeheim1 =ty miles we/ ( ,keetman%oop1 cont9u$ 9 a s\?-ea/]ly direction to ,kalkfonte91 eighty miles nor? ( ,raman's ,drift1 on ! ,orange ,riv]1 & less ?an n9ety miles f ,ukamas1 :]e ! ,g]mans _h e/abli%$ a milit>y po/ )9 five miles ( ,nakob1 situate on ! ,be*uanal& bord]1 only =ty miles f ,up+ton1 9 ,cape ,prov9ce4 ,f ,kalkfonte9 ! bran* 0 to be cont9u$ ano!r ?irty miles to ,w>mbad1 & s on to ,raman's ,drift--a conv5i5t po9t = ! passage ( ! ,orange ,riv] into ,cape ,prov9ce t]ritory by an attack+ =ce4 ,at ,seeheim1 ! junction ( ?is bran* l9e1 a ,s]vice ,corps 0 /ation$2 ,kalkfonte9 0 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,camel ,corps ( #ejj m5 & animals2 & at ,w>mbad !re 0 a milit>y po/ & a milit>y hospital4 ,! ,nor?-to-,s\? l9e all[$ ( an easy movem5t ( troops betwe5 ! milit>y headqu>t]s at ,keetman%oop & ,w9dhoek1 or vice v]s4 ,accord+ to ! orig9al e/imates ?is l9e 0 n to be complet$ be=e #aiac4 ,special reasons = urg5cy--z to ! nature ( :i* x w\ld be easy to speculate--l$1 h[ev]1 to ! l9e be+ op5$ = traffic on ,m>* #h1 #aiab4 ,f ,w9dhoek1 also1 troops 7 suppli$ to ,gobabis1 situate #ajj miles ea/ ( ! capital & ab\t =ty miles we/ ( ! ,be*uanal& fronti]4 ,gobabis became a ,g]man milit>y /ation 9 #ahie4 ,provid$ ) a well-equipp$ =t1 x became ! *ief /rategical position on ! ea/]n bord] ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 ,a railway connect+ ,gobabis ) ,w9dhoek 0 to h be5 comm5c$ 9 #aiae4 ,f ,w9dhoek1 z already told1 !re is rail communication ) ,swakopmund4 ,grootfonte91 ! t]m9us1 on ! ea/1 ( ! ,swakopmund-,otavi l9e1 _h be5 a milit>y /ation s9ce #ahii4 ,its special significance lay 9 ! fact t x 0 ! ne>e/ po9t ( approa* by rail to ! ,caprivi ,/rip1 along :i* ! ,g]man troops1 convey$ z f> z ,grootfonte9 by rail1 7 to make _! invasion ( ! adjo9+ ,briti% t]ritory ( ,rhodesia4 ,troop movem5ts 9 ?is direction w\ld h be5 fur!r facilitat$ by a l9k at ,k>ibib connect+ ! ,swakopmund-,otavi-,grootfonte9 l9e ) ! "o to ,w9dhoek & !nce to ! milit>y headqu>t]s at ,keetman%oop4 ,k>ibib 0 itself a milit>y base1 9 addition to hav+ l>ge railway (fices & work%ops4 ,)1 !re=e1 ! m9or exceptions1 ! sy/em ( railways 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa _h be5 design$ or develop$ 9 accordance ) plans :i* _h = _! basis an ev5tual attack on ,briti% t]ritory 9 ?ree sep>ate directions--7#a7 ,cape ,prov9ce1 7#b7 ,be*uanal& & 7#c7 ,rhodesia4 ,! ,s\!rn & ! ,nor?-to-,s\? l9es _h1 also1 be5 built exclusively ) ! /&>d ,cape gauge ( #c ft4 #f 941 s t1 :5 d] ,tag arriv$1 & ,g]man succe$$ ,briti% supremacy 9 ,s\? ,africa1 ^! p>ticul> l9es c\ld be cont9u$ 9 ord] to l9k up ) ^? :i* ! ,g]mans w\ld !n expect to take ov] f ,cape ,prov9ce4 ,keetman%oop 0 ev5tually to be conv]t$ f a t]m9us to a /opp+-place on a ?r\gh l9e ( ,g]man railway f ,ld]itzbu*t to ,kimb]ley1 ! effect ( :i*1 x 0 po9t$ out1 w\ld be to %ort5 ! di/ance f ,europe to ,bulawayo by #a1cjj miles z comp>$ ) ! j\rney via ! ,cape4 ,surveys _h be5 made = ext5sions 7#a7 f ,keetman%oop1 via ,hasuur1 to ! ,union fronti] ne> ,rietfonte91 & 7#b7 f ,kalkfonte91 on ! s\!rn bran*1 to ,ukamas1 also on ! fronti] & 9 ! direction ( ,up+ton1 9 ,union t]ritory4 ,ea* ( ^! additions w\ld h c>ri$ ! orig9al s*eme a /age fur!r1 ?\gh x 0 n1 app>5tly1 ?\ght wise to make !m be=e d] ,tag actually arriv$4 ,on ^! v>i\s railways ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa _h exp5d$1 s f> z ! available figures %[1 a total (1 approximately1 #h1djj1jjj1 defray$ 9 "p f ,imp]ial funds & 9 "p f ! rev5ue ( ! ,protectorate4 ,?is total includes ! am\nt paid by ! ,gov]nm5t to ! ,s\?-,we/ ,africa ,company = _! l9e f ,swakopmund to ! ,company's m9es at ,otavi & ,tsumeb1 b x does n include ! co/ ( ! orig9al n>r[-gauge ,gov]nm5t l9e f ,swakopmund to ,w9dhoek1 ( :i* ! section betwe5 ,swakopmund & ,k>ibib 0 ab&on$ :5 ! ,swakopmund-,otavi l9e1 via ,k>ibib1 0 tak5 ov]1 ! rema9+ section f ,k>ibib to ,w9dhoek be+ !n conv]t$ into ! ,cape #c ft4 #f 94 gauge4 ,on mo/ ( ! op5 l9es no m ?an two or ?ree tra9s a week 7 run1 & on "s ( ! bran*es !re 0 only "o tra9 9 ! week4#fa ,,milit>y ,,prep>ations ,fur!r details z to ! elaborate nature ( ! prep>ations made = ! realisation ( ,g]many's dreams ( conque/ 9 ,africa are suppli$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,k4 ,o',connor 9 a pamphlet publi%$ at ,capet[n1 t[>ds ! end ( #aiad1 "u ! title ( ,! ,hun 9 our ,h9t]l&2 or ! ,m5ace ( ,g4,s4,w4,a4 ,mr4 ,o',connor made a t\r ?r\gh ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa a few mon?s be=e ! outbreak ( ! w>1 assum+ ! rle ( a j\rnali/ 9 se>* ( data conc]n+ ! agricultural res\rces ( ! t]ritory4 ,he obta9$ mu* in=mation :i* _h o!r ?an an agricultural int]e/4 ,he asc]ta9$1 = in/ance1 t ! ,g]man troops !n 9 ! t]ritory consi/$ ( ,m\nt$ ,infantry1 ,field ,artill]y1 ,ma*9e ,gun ,divisions1 ,intellig5ce ,divisions1 an ,eng9e] & ,railway ,corps1 ,field ,railway ,divisions1 an ,etapp5-,=mation1 a ,camel ,corps1 a ,police ,=ce & a ,res]ve1 repres5t+ altoge!r--ap>t f natives--a tra9$ ,european =ce ( approximately #aj1jjj m51 ^: duties & location 9 ! ev5t ( w> _h all be5 assign$ to !m 9 advance4 ,he f\nd t ! railways _h be5 supplem5t$ by a /rong transport s]vice ( natives1 :o _h an abundant supply ( ox5 & mules = _! wagons4 ,he tells h[ 79 addition to ! milit>y /ations already m5tion$7 ! ,g]mans _h e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! t]ritory a network ( block-h\ses1 /r5g!n$ by =ts at int]vals & supplem5t$ by magaz9es & /oreh\ses at c5tral po9ts2 :ile #a1fjj miles ( telegraph & telephone wires1 toge!r ) ! ,funk5-telegraph1 plac$ all ^! /ations & outpo/s 9 t\* ) "o ano!r z well z ) ! milit>y headqu>t]s & ! v>i\s t[ns4#fb ,he says conc]n+ ,keetman%oop t its conv]sion into ! *ief milit>y /ation 9 ! t]ritory 0 ! fir/ move 9 ! ,g]man game4 ,he po9ts to ! fact t ,das ,koloniale ,jahrbu*1 publi%$ by au?ority1 laid x d[n t ! ,bo]s 9 ,briti% ,s\? ,africa mu/ be con/antly rem9d$ ( _! ,l[-,g]man orig92 t ,g]man ideas mu/ be spread among !m by means ( ,g]man s*ools & ,g]man *ur*es1 & he decl>es3--,= ?irty ye>s ,teuton ideas h be5 foi/$ ^u ! ,bo] population ( ,briti% ,s\? ,africa4 ,= ?irty ye>s1 "u ! guise ( fri5d%ip1 ,g]many has plott$ & plann$ = ! elim9ation ( ! ,anglo-,saxon elem5t f ,s\? ,africa4 ,mr4 ,o',connor fur!r writes3-- ,f :at ,i 0 able to ga!r x 0 evid5t t ! milit>y plans ( ! ,g]mans 7 complet$ = an invasion ( ! ,union t]ritory1 & t !y 7 only await+ ! day :5 ,peace w\ld spread h] w+s & so> f ! embassies ( ,europe4 ,x 0 n anticipat$1 h[ev]1 t t w\ld be 9 ,augu/1 #aiad4 ,!y 7 confid5t ( success1 & f ! conv]sations t took place betwe5 (fic]s & myself x 0 evid5t t ! possession ( ! ,african cont95t 0 ! greate/ desire ( ! ,teutons4 ,! sma%+ up ( ,france & ,great ,brita9 7 only incid5ts t w\ld lead to ! :ole cont95t ( ,africa becom+ a ,g]man possession2 & x 0 consid]$ t z ,g]many w\ld accompli% ?is1 despite h] late entrance ^u ! /age z a ,colonial ,p[]1 %e w\ld h m to %[ = h] ?irty ye>s z su* a ,p[] ?an c\ld ei!r ,engl& or ,france1 :o _h />t$ colonis+ c5turies be=e h]4 ,! great aim became to break ,france & ,engl&1 = ! purpose ( acquir+ _! ,african possessions2 &1 hav+ brok5 ^! ,p[]s1 ,g]many w\ld h turn$ h] att5tion to ! ,african possessions ( small] ,p[]s :o1 hav+ nei!r ,engl& nor ,france to rely ^u1 w\ld h be5 compell$ to rel9qui% _! possessions1 &1 by s do+1 w\ld h made ,g]many ! supreme ,p[] 9 ,africa4 ,summ+ up ! conclusions at :i* he arriv$1 z ! result ( all t he saw = himself & all t he _h he>d f responsible ,g]man (fic]s dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 t\r1 ,mr4 ,o',connor says3-- ,f ! day ! ,g]mans set _! feet ^u ,s\?-,we/ ,african soil !y h prep>$ !mselves = a raid into ,briti% t]ritory4 ,= ye>s ! ,rei*/ag has vot$ two million p\nds p] annum = ! purpose4 ,_h ^! millions be5 sp5t on ! developm5t ( ,s\?-,we/ ,africa x w\ld1 to-day1 be a colony ( :i* any c\ntry might be pr\d4 ,b :at c !y %[ = ?is exp5diture8 ,no?+ b a milit>y camp4 ,x is evid5t1 !n1 t ?is t]ritory has n be5 reg>d$ by ! ,b]l9]s z a colony1 b z a jump+-(f gr\nd = an invasion ( ,briti% ,s\? ,africa4 ,"h we h simply an amplification ( ideas :i*1 z we h se51 _h long be5 ent]ta9$ 9 ,g]many2 ?\gh !y 7 ideas x 0 n[ be+ s\ght to r$uce to practice by a resort1 9 advance1 to e /ep t c\ld possibly be tak5 = ensur+ _! realisation4 ,any sugge/ion t ! sy/em ( /rategical railways :i* _h be5 built1 & ! elaborate milit>y prep>ations :i* _h be5 effect$1 7 m]ely precautions aga9/ a fur!r possible ris+ ( ! natives w\ld h be5 absurd4 ,,rail ,,connection ,,) ,,angola ,:at ,mr4 ,o',connor says 9 reg>d to ,g]many's attitude t[>ds ! ,african possessions ( ! small] ,p[]s gives additional significance to a report publi%$ 9 ! ,leipzig] ,neue/e ,na*ri*t5 ( ,may #ca1 #aiad1 conc]n+ a project = build+ a l9e ( railway along ! coa/ ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa to connect ) ,portuguese ,angola4 ,?is 0 to be ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( l9es :i* aft] l5g?y discussions ) ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t1 7 to be c>ri$ out 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa by a syndicate ( prom95t %ipp+ & bank+ h\ses 9 ,g]many1 controll+ an initial capital ( #ej1jjj1jjj m>ks 7#b1ejj1jjj74 ,x 0 fur!r report$ t 9 ! e>ly "p ( #aiad ! ,gov]nor ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa made a t\r ?r\gh ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,protectorate1 go+ z f> z ,tig] ,bay1 9 ,angola1 9 connection ) possible railway con/ruction 9 ! ne> future4 ,angola 0 c]ta9ly an item on ! ,g]man li/ ( desirable acquisitions 9 ,africa4 ,x has be5 9 ! occupation ( ,portugal s9ce ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 b ! po9t ( view f :i* x 0 reg>d$ by advocates ( ,g]man expansion may be judg$ f "s rem>ks made 9 ! ,klnis*e ,zeitung by a travell] :o return$ to ,g]many f ,angola 9 ,june1 #aiad3-- ,! game is wor? ! c&le4 ,an enorm\s m>ket = indu/rial products1 ri* & virg9 m9]al treasures1 a fruitful & heal?y c\ntry equally suitable = agriculture1 cattle-bre$+ & immigration1 & ! f9e/ h>b\rs on ! we/ coa/--t is ! prize t awaits u4 ,a t]ritory (f]+ ^! advantages1 hav+ an area e/imat$ at #dhd1jjj squ>e miles1 & ext5d+ inl& = a di/ance ( #a1ejj miles1 might be covet$ = its own sake2 b its possession w\ld h be5 ( /ill great] value to ,g]many 7#a7 z a cont9uation1 nor?w>ds1 ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 & 7#b7 z ! />t+ po9t = a *a9 ( communications1 "u ,g]man control1 ext5d+ "r across ! ,african cont95t1 f we/ to ea/4 ,! coa/-railway spok5 ( by ! ,leipzig] ,neue/e ,na*ri*t5 0 to l9k up ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa ) ,angola1 9 :i* c\ntry1 also1 ! ,g]mans hop$ to obta9 ext5sive m9+ & agricultural concessions1 ?us =w>d+ _! e/abli%$ policy ( peaceful p5etration by means ( comm]ce & railways1 & e/abli%+ economic int]e/s :i* might be expect$ to lead to political developm5ts 9 due c\rse1 & s prep>e ! way = an ev5tual seizure ( ! prize t awaits u4 ,! ,g]mans _h also s\ght to f9ance ! completion ea/w>ds ( ! ,lobito ,bay or ,b5guela ,railway1 to :i* ref]5ce w be made lat] on 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( ! ,katanga di/rict ( ! ,belgian ,congo2 b ! condition !y advanc$1 namely t ! control ( ! l9e %\ld be left 9 _! h&s1 c\pl$ ) _! adoption ( suspici\s l9es ( policy 9 o!r directions1#fc l$ to _! railway proposals be+ decl9$ by ! ,portuguese1 ) ?anks4 ,,g]man ,,ea/ ,,africa ,!n1 9 ord] to und]/& ! full scope ( ! aspirations ,g]many 0 *]i%+ t[>ds ! ,african ,cont95t1 "o mu/ take into acc\nt h] railways on ! ea/ coa/ no less ?an ^? on ! we/ coa/1 s9ce ^!1 also1 =m$ an ess5tial "p ( ! g5]al s*eme4 ,! l9e :i* /ret*es "r across ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa1 f ,d>-es-,salaam1 ! capital ( ! ,protectorate1 to ,kigoma1 on ,lake ,tanganyika1 & nor? ( ,ujiji1 has a total l5g? ( #a1dci miles2 & if ! economic developm5t ( a t]ritory e/imat$ z hav+ a total area ( #chd1jjj squ>e miles _h be5 ! sole aim 9 view1 ! ,tanganyikabahn w\ld h well des]v$ to rank z a notable ent]prise 9 ,g]man colonial expansion1 & "o call+ = comm5dation r ?an criticism4 ,! "q arises1 h[ev]1 :e!r1 9 addition to ! developm5t ( ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa itself1 ! railway 9 "q 0 n int5d$1 also1 to facilitate ! realisation ( ,g]many's designs aga9/ ,c5tral ,africa z "p ( h] a=esaid s*eme = ! ev5tual conque/ ( ! ,african cont95t4 ,! fev]i% ha/e ) :i* ! second & ?ird sections ( ! railway 7 built suffic$1 9 itself1 to give rise to suspicions ( ult]ior designs4 ,! fir/ section1 f ,d>-es-,salaam to ,morogo 7#acf miles71 0 con/ruct$ by a syndicate ( ,g]man bank]s act+ "u a ,/ate gu>antee ( int]e/1 & ! "w1 begun 9 ,febru>y1 #aije1 0 complet$ 9 ,septemb]1 #aijg4 ,! second section1 f ,morogo to ,tabora 7#ebf miles71 0 to h be5 complet$ by ,july #a1 #aiad2 b 9 #aiaj1 ! ,rei*/ag vot$ a special cr$it bo? = ! e>li] completion ( ?is second section--:i* 0 ?us f9i%$ by ,febru>y #bf1 #aiab--;& = surveys = ! ?ird section1 f ,tabora to ,kigoma 7#ggf miles74 ,su*1 aga91 0 ! cel]ity ) :i* ! "w on ?is ?ird section 0 pu%$ =w>d t1 al?\gh ! date fix$ = ! completion ( ! l9e 0 ,april #a1 #aiae1 ?r\gh rail communication f ! ,indian ,ocean to ,lake ,tanganyika 0 e/abli%$ by ,febru>y #a1 #aiad--t is to say1 "o ye> & two mon?s 9 advance ( "t4 ,we "h come to ! two-fold "q 7#a7 ,:y 0 ! railway ext5d$ at all = ! #ggf miles f ,tabora to ,lake ,tanganyika1 consid]+ t ?is portion ( ! ,g]man ,protectorate (f]$1 9 itself1 ! prospect ( no traffic at all = ! l9e#fd2 & 7#b7 :y 0 x necess>y t su* ha/e %\ld be %[n 9 ! completion ( ! und]tak+8 ,,! ,,o!r ,,side ,,( ,,tanganyika ,to ! fir/ ( ^! que/ions ! reply is 7#a7 t ! traffic on :i* ! we/]n section ( ! ,tanganyikabahn 0 ma9ly to rely = its receipts 0 traffic orig9at+ 9 or de/9$ = ! ,belgian ,congo2 7#b7 t ! control x 0 hop$ to secure ov] ,belgian trade 01 9 comb9ation ) ! /rategical advantages (f]$ by ! railway1 to be ! prelim9>y to an ev5tual annexation by ,g]many ( ! ,belgian ,congo itself2 & 7#c7 t l conditions 7 to lead1 if possible1 to ! f9al realisation ( von ,web]'s dream ( #ahhj4 ,t we are direct+ our gaze to ! o!r side ( ,tanganyika1 said ! ,kolonial ,zeitung ( ,april #d1 #aiad1 9 ref]r+ to ! completion ( ! railway to ,kigoma--an ev5t :i* occasion$ a great outbur/ ( en?usiasm 9 ,g]many--goes1 ( c\rse1 )\t say+4 ,!re c]ta9ly is mu* on ! o!r side ( ,tanganyika to :i* ,g]many might look ) feel+s ( envy4 ,9 reg>d to m9]al weal?1 alone1 ! res\rces ( ! ,s\?-ea/]n section ( ! ,belgian ,congo c\ld n fail to make a /rong appeal to h]4 ,! great copp] belt 9 ! ,katanga di/rict1#fe comm5ces ab\t #ajj miles nor?-we/ ( ! ,briti% ,s\? ,african po/1 ,ndola 7situate twelve miles s\? ( ! ,congo bord]71 & ext5ds !nce1 9 a nor?-we/]ly direction1 = a di/ance ( #ahj miles1 ) an av]age bread? ( tw5ty-five miles4 ,9 ! n f> di/ant future1 :5 ! _m problems ( developm5t are solv$1 ! ,katanga copp] belt1 says ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,?ornhill1#ff w be "o ( ! controll+ factors 9 ! copp] supply ( ! _w4 ,9 ! report ( ! ,briti% ,s\? ,africa ,company = ! ye> end+ ,m>* #ca1 #aiad1 x 0 /at$ t ! copp]-m9+ indu/ry 9 ,katanga _h atta9$ to consid]able dim5sions2 t furnaces ) a capacity ( #a1jjj tons ( copp] p] mon? 7 at "w1 & t fur!r l>ge additions to ! plant 7 be+ made4 ,katanga has1 also1 a t9 belt1 & coal1 gold1 iron & o!r m9]als are f\nd !re1 besides4 ,9 ! ,g]man t]ritory on ! ea/]n side ( ,lake ,tanganyika !re are1 inde$1 m9]als2 b !y are f\nd 9 no su* abundance z 9 ! ,belgian t]ritory on ! we/]n side ( ! lake4 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa c1 h[ev]1 produce 9 great abundance ! :eat1 ! rice & ! o!r food supplies necess>y = ! work]s 9 ,katanga m9es1 & ! ,g]man view has be5 t ! ea/]n & ! we/]n sides ( ! lake %\ld be reg>d$ z complem5t>y ! "o to ! o!r1 & t ! ,tanganyikabahn %\ld convey ^! food supplies to ! lake1 = transf] to ! o!r side by /eam]1 & br+ back ! products ( ! m9es = di/ribution1 via ! ,g]man ea/ coa/ r\te & ! ,indian ,ocean1 among ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,9 ! same way x 0 hop$ t all goods & necess>ies likely to be import$ into ! ,katanga & ,mw]u di/ricts f ,europe w\ld rea* _! de/9ation via ?is ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa ,c5tral ,railway2 & ,g]man bus9ess h\ses 7 /rongly advis$ to e/abli% bran*es 9 ^? di/ricts1#fg s t1 app>5tly1 ,g]many w\ld ev5tually control ! trade z well z ! transport ( ! o!r side ( ,tanganyika4 ,! developm5t ( ! s\?-we/]n section ( ,g]many's ea/-coa/ ,protectorate _h1 9 itself1 become a matt] ( vital importance 7e9e ,leb5sfrage#fh72 b ! ,belgian ,congo 0 ! only qu>t] to :i* t section c\ld look = m>kets = its produce4 ,! possibility ( secur+ suffici5t traffic = ! ,c5tral ,railway to ensure its f9ancial success may h be5 a second>y consid]ation2 b ! railway itself 0 to s]ve a mo/ important purpose1 economically1 by help+ ,g]many to capture ! ,tanganyika & trans-,tanganyika trade1 & by mak+ h] ,ea/ ,africa colony m prosp]\s2 politically1 by /r5g!n+ h] hold on ! ,belgian ,congo ?r\gh ! increase ( h] comm]cial int]e/s !re2 & /rategically1 by af=d+ h] ! means ( effect+ a spe$y conc5tration ( troops 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 %\ld ! occasion = s do+ arise4 ,?is la/-m5tion$ purpose 0 to be fur!r atta9$ by ! project$ con/ruction ( :at w\ld h be5 a purely /rategical l9e f ,tabora1 on ! ,tanganyikabahn1 to ,mwanza1 on ! s\!rn %ores ( ! ,victoria ,nyanza1 :5ce ,g]man troops w\ld--9 case ( ne$--be 9 a position to make a re> attack on ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa4 ,,c5tral ,,africa ,g]many's hopes ( ?us /r5g!n+ h] position 9 ,c5tral ,africa by means ( ! ,tanganyikabahn receiv$1 h[ev]1 a s]i\s set-back ?r\gh ! activity & ent]prise ( ,belgian & ,briti% int]e/s 9 provid+1 op5+ up or project+ alt]native transport r\tes :i* ?reat5$ 7#a7 to div]t a l>ge proportion ( ! traffic %e _h expect$ to secure = ! ,ea/ ,africa ,c5tral l9e2 7#b7 to dim9i% greatly ! prospect ( h] a*iev+ ! comm]cial & political aims %e *]i%$ 9 reg>d to ! ,belgian ,congo2 7#c7 to make x /ill m difficult = ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa to em]ge f a position ( comp>ative isolation1 & 7#d7 to imp$e greatly ! realisation ( ,g]many's aspirations 9 reg>d alike to ,c5tral ,africa & ! ,african ,cont95t4 ,x is ! m necess>y t ! be>+ ( all ^! facts on ! g5]al situation %\ld be und]/ood because !y t5d to indicate ! critical nature ( ! position into :i* ! said aspirations _h drift$1 & ! imp]ative necessity by :i* ,g]many may1 by #aiad1 h consid]$ %e 0 fac$ = adopt+ "s bold c\rse ( action if %e 7 /ill to look =w>d to ! possibility ( ^? aspirations be+ realis$4 ,! pr9ciple orig9ally adopt$ by ,k+ ,leopold 9 8 ef=ts to develop ! ,congo ,/ate 0 t ( supplem5t+ navigation on ! ,congo by railways :]ev] ^! 7 necess>y ei!r to ov]come ! difficulties pres5t$ by rapids or to supply miss+ l9ks 9 ! *a9 ( communication to or f ! we/ coa/4 ,! same policy 0 foll[$ by ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t :5 !y assum$ control1 & ! la/ ( ^! l9ks--! l9e1 #afe miles long1 f ,kabalo to ,alb]tville1 connect+ ! ,congo ) ! ,tanganyika--0 op5$ 9 ,m>*1 #aiae4 ,"o reason1 9 fact1 giv5 9 ,g]many = ! express spe$ at :i* ! ,tanganyikabahn 0 complet$ to ,kigoma 0 an alleg$ fe> t ! ,belgians might capture ! trade & transport ( ! t]ritory 9 "q by gett+ to ! lake fir/4 ,?is comb9$ riv] & rail transport /ill left x necess>y = traffic f ! ,congo bas9 to ! we/ coa/ to foll[ ! w9d+ c\rse ( t riv]1 ) a numb] ( tran%ipm5ts2 & if ! r\te 9 "q _h be5 ! only competitor ( ! ,tanganyikabahn1 ,g]many w\ld h _h less cause = uneas9ess4 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 ! ,compagnie du ,*em9 de ,f] du ,bas-,congo _h built a l9e--=m+ a cont9uation ( ! ,rhodesian ,railways--f ! b\nd>y ( ,nor!rn ,rhodesia1 at ,elizabe?ville1 to ,kambove 7,katanga72 & a cont9uation ( ?is l9e to ,bukama1 on ! ,lualaba1 a navigable tribut>y ( ! ,congo1 0 7#a7 to give %ort] & bett] access to ! ,congo = products f ,katanga1 & 7#b7 to e/abli% comb9$ rail & wat] transport betwe5 ! entire railway sy/em ( ,s\? ,africa & ! m\? ( ! ,congo4 ,already ! m9]als f ,katanga 7 f9d+ _! outlet to ! sea on ! ea/ coa/ via ! ,rhodesian ,railways & ! ,portuguese port ( ,beira1 in/ead ( via ! ,tanganyikabahn & ! ,g]man port ( ,d>-es-,salaam4 ,! =m] _h1 inde$1 become ! recognis$ r\te = ?is important traffic 9 pref]5ce to ! latt]4 ,! l9e betwe5 ,kambove & ,bukama _h n be5 complet$ :5 w> broke out 9 #aiad2 b ! provision ( ?is ?r\gh r\te1 & ! v>i\s facilities x w\ld (f]1 r5d]$ /ill m unc]ta9 ! prospect ( ,g]many gett+ control ( ! trans-,tanganyika traffic = h] own l9es4 ,!re 7 o!r important railway s*emes1 besides4 ,f ,bukama rail communication is to be cont9u$ "r across ,c5tral ,africa to ,matadi1 to :i* po9t ! ,congo is navigable = l>ge vessels f its m\?1 less ?an a hundr$ miles di/ant4 ,?is l9e1 9 addition to avoid+ ! great b5d ( ! ,congo1 w op5 up & develop ! va/ & promis+ t]ritory 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts ( ! ,belgian ,congo1 s\? ( t riv]4 ,ano!r s*eme :i* is to be c>ri$ out is a l9e f ,kambove1 9 ! ,s\!rn ,katanga1 to ! s\?-we/]n b\nd>y ( ! ,belgian ,congo1 & !nce across ,portuguese t]ritory to ! pres5t ea/]n t]m9us ( ! ,lobito ,bay ,railway4 ,?is w give to ! m9+ int]e/s ( ,katanga direct rail communication1 by ! %orte/ possible r\te1 ) a port on ! we/ coa/1 :ile ! connection at ,kambove ) ! ,rhodesian & ,s\? ,african sy/ems w make ! l9e a /ill m important addition to ! railways ( ,africa = ! purposes alike ( developm5t 9 ! c5tral di/ricts & z a %ort] r\te to & f ,europe4 ,g]man f9anci]s 7 at "o "t desir\s ( und]tak+ ! ext5sion ea/w>d ( ! ,lobito ,bay ,railway--ma9ly1 z x seem$1 ) a view to fur!r+ ,g]man int]e/s 9 ,portuguese t]ritory 7see page #cad72 b ! ,kambove-,lobito ,bay l9e is n[ to be con/ruct$ ) ,briti% capital4 ,f9ally !re is ! ,cape-to-,cairo ,railway :i*1 pass+ ?r\gh ! ,katanga m9+ di/ricts1 is likely to div]t /ill m ( ! traffic ,g]many _h c\nt$ ^u alike = h] ,tanganyikabahn & z a means t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( h] political aspirations 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,:il/ ^! v>i\s developm5ts 7 proce$+1 !re 7 /ill o!rs1 9 ! ,cam]oons1 to :i* att5tion may n[ be direct$4 ,,! ,,cam]oons1 ,,lake ,,*ad ,,& ,,! ,,sudan ,anticipations ( ! great results = ,g]many :i* w\ld foll[ f ! build+ ( railways 9 ! ,cam]oons began to be ent]ta9$ ab\t ! ye> #ahig4 ,! ma9 objective ( ! s*emes br\ght =w>d seems to h be51 h[ev]1 n simply ! int]nal economic developm5t ( an already va/ area1 b ! c>ry+ ( l9es ( communication to ! fur!/ limits ( t area 9 ord]1 app>5tly1 to ext5d ,g]man int]e/s & influ5ce to t]ritories beyond4 ,"o ( ^! s*emes 0 = ! build+ ( a l9e ( railway f ,duala1 ! *ief port ( ! ,cam]oons1 to ,lake ,*ad 7o!rwise ,tsd71 a %eet ( wat] "s #g1jjj squ>e miles 9 ext5t :i*1 situate on ! we/]n bord]s ( ! ,sudan1 con/itutes ! extreme nor!rn limits ( ,g]man t]ritory 9 ?is direction1 :ile ! %ores ( ! lake are occupi$ jo9tly by ,g]many1 ,engl& & ,france4 ,! propos$ l9e 0 to h an e/imat$ total l5g? ( ab\t #a1jjj kilometres 7#fba miles74 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aijb1 ! ,g]man ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t grant$ to a ,kam]un-,eis5bahn-,syndikat a concession = build+ ! l9e2 an exp$ition s5t out by ! syndicate made a survey ( ! r\te 9 #aijb-c2 & a ,kam]un-,eis5bahn-,gesells*aft1 ) a capital ( #ag1jjj1jjj m>ks 7#hej1jjj71 0 =m$ by a gr\p ( bank]s & o!rs 9 ,g]many to build ! fir/ section4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #aijc1 ! ,g]man ,emp]or1 at 8 reception ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,rei*/ag1 gave 8 bless+ to all su* ent]prises by decl>+ t an ess5tial condition 7e9e ,leb5sb$+ung7 = ! welf>e ( ,g]many's colonies 9 ,africa 0 t ! build+ ( railways %\ld be tak5 e>ne/ly 9 h&4 ,9 #aije ! prospects ( ! propos$ l9e seem$ s hopeful t ! e>ly comm5cem5t ( con/ruction 0 ann\nc$ z probable2 b v>i\s difficulties arose1 includ+ mu* tr\ble 9 reg>d to lab\r1 & ! l9e did n get beyond ! end ( its fir/ /age1 a di/ance ( only #afj km4 7#ajj miles7 f ! coa/4 ,al?\gh ! s*eme 0 ?us n fully c>ri$ out1 !re 0 no d\bt z to ! nature ( ! purposes x _h be5 design$ to s]ve4 ,9 8 (ficial & detail$ acc\nt ( ! propos$ und]tak+#fi--;a book ( exceptional m]it f ! po9t ( view ( ! cle>ness & ( ! exhau/ive data ) :i* ! case = ! l9e is pres5t$--! director ( ! syndicate says3-- ,my op9ion is t only a great railway--"o t unites ! ,sudan ) ! ,atlantic1 & t ext5ds f ,lake ,*ad to ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa--w be 9 a position bo? to develop fully ! economic int]e/s ( ! ,cam]oons & to assure to ,g]many a means ( access to ! ri*e/ t]ritory t ,c5tral ,africa possesses4 ,_h ! l9e be5 complet$ z f> z ,lake ,*ad1 x w\ld h be5 a p[]ful competitor ( ,briti% railways via ! ,nile or ! ,r$ ,sea = ! traffic ( ! ,sudan1 ) its va/ comm]cial possibilities2 &1 _h x be5 f\nd ! bett] r\te1 x might h e/abli%$ ,g]man comm]cial supremacy 9 ?is "p ( ,c5tral ,africa1 ) ! inevitable political developm5ts to foll[4 ,! ,g]man ,tsdsee-,eis5bahn1 ! director ( ! syndicate fur!r wrote1 w1 especially :5 x has be5 complet$1 be = ! :ole ( ,c5tral ,africa a ,kulturw]k ( ! fir/ importance4 ,! ,g]manisation ( ,lake ,*ad1 comb9$ ) an ev5tual acquir+ by ,g]many ( ,fr5* int]e/s 9 ! ,sah>a & ,nor? ,africa1 w\ld fur!r h p]mitt$ ! cont9uation ( ! ,tsdsee-,eis5bahn f t lake to ,alg]ia along ! r\te already project$ 9 ,france = a ,trans-,african l9e l9k+ up ! ,m$it]ranean alike ) ! ,congo & ) ! ,rhodesian & o!r ,briti% railways 9 ,s\? ,africa1 via ,lake ,*ad--a l9e :i*1 x is said1 w\ld (f] no great te*nical difficulty 9 con/ruction4#gj ,,! ,,cam]oons ,,& ,,! ,,congo ,ano!r ambiti\s s*eme 0 = ! build+ ( a ,mittell&bahn :i*1 cross+ ! ,njong1 w\ld ev5tually l9k up ! *ief port ( ! ,cam]oons ) a navigable tribut>y ( ! ,congo4 ,"h1 aga91 ! l9e z actually con/ruct$ has n be5 c>ri$ a great] di/ance ?an ab\t #cjj km4 7#ahf miles74 ,at "o "t1 9 fact1 ! orig9al project seem$ to h be5 ab&on$2 b q rec5tly x has be5 br\ght =w>d aga9 "u conditions :i* h a di/9ct be>+ on :at has already be5 said conc]n+ ,g]many & ,c5tral ,africa4 ,f ! views express$ by ,emil ,zimm]mann 9 8 ,neu-,kam]un1#ga "o ga!rs t 9 #aiac ,g]many 0 reg>d+ ) "s degree ( conc]n alike ! outlook = h] ,tanganyikabahn1 on :i* ov] #g1jjj1jjj _h be5 sp5t1 & ! prospective set-back to h] aspirations 9 reg>d to ! ,belgian ,congo2 & ,h]r ,zimm]mann1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! additions made to h] ,cam]oons possessions at ! exp5se ( ,france1 "u ! agreem5t ( ,novemb] #d1 #aiaa1 foll[+ on ! ,agadir crisis1 makes c]ta9 ov]tures to ,belgium1 & foll[s !m up ) a di/9ct ?reat1 %\ld %e refra9 f respond+ to !m4 ,belgium & ,g]many1 he says1 9 effect1 are ! two dom9ant ,p[]s 9 ,c5tral ,africa2 & he is ( op9ion t x w be to _! mutual int]e/ to co-op]ate 9 ! developm5t ( t great t]ritory4 ,belgium1 h[ev]1 he f9ds to be fac$ by ! ne$ = a great outlay ( money 7#a7 on acc\nt ( necess>y improvem5ts ( h] ,congo rail & riv] communication1 to meet exp&+ traffic requirem5ts1 & 7#b7 9 ord] to develop h] ,katanga t]ritory4 ,%e _c h]self comm& ! necess>y capital1 b ,g]many c\ld assi/ h] to raise x1 & w\ld d s--provid$ ,belgium und]took t traffic f h] ,tanganyika & ,mw]u di/ricts1 &1 also1 f po9ts ea/ ( ! ,middle ,congo1 %\ld rea* ! sea by its natural outlet1 t is to say1 by ! ,g]man ,ea/ ,african ,c5tral ,railway4 ,%\ld ,belgium refuse to agree to ^! proposals1 & %\ld %e1 by h] high t>iffs1 cont9ue to imp$e ! fl[ ( traffic to ,g]man t]ritory1 !n x w\ld be op5 to ,g]many to con/ruct l9es ( railway f ! we/ coa/ ei!r to navigable tribut>ies ( ! ,congo or to ! ,congo itself1 & s div]t ! traffic f ! ,belgian ,congo at c]ta9 important po9ts1 to ! s]i\s prejudice ( ,belgian int]e/s4 ,ap>t f :at might be done 9 ! way ( ext5d+ ! ,duala-,njong l9e to ! said navigable tribut>ies ( ! ,congo1 z orig9ally project$1 ,h]r ,zimm]mann says t1 "u ! treaty ( ,novemb] #d1 #aiaa1 ,g]many has ! "r to cont9ue h] ,cam]oons railways across ,fr5* t]ritory 7,france hav+ reciprocal rights z reg>ds ,g]man t]ritory72 & he po9ts out h[ %e c\ld ex]cise ?is p[]1 to ! detrim5t ( ,belgium1 %\ld t c\ntry n accept h] proposals 9 reg>d to ! ,congo bas9 & ,c5tral ,africa4 ,he specially m5tions ! fact t :5 ! b\nd>ies ( ! #ajj1jjj squ>e miles ( t]ritory add$1 at ! exp5se ( ,france1 to ! ,g]man ,cam]oons 7!n already #aia1jjj squ>e miles 9 ext5t71 7 fix$ by virtue ( ! treaty ( #aiaa1 ! w$ge-l /rip on ! s\? ( ,spani% ,muni 0 s def9$ z to leave at ! ea/]n po9t !re( a gap betwe5 ! ,spani% t]ritory & ! ,fr5* ,cam]oons wide en\gh = ei!r a road or a railway2 & he emphasises ! fact t1 by tak+ advantage ( ! facilities ?us op5 to h]1 ,g]many c\ld1 "u ! treaty ( #aiaa1 con/ruct a railway #a1jjj km4 7#fba miles7 long f ,muni ,bay ?r\gh ! said gap & cross ,fr5* t]ritory to ! junction ( ! ,sangha ) ! ,congo4 ,alt]natively1 & by arrangem5t ) ,france1 ! l9e c\ld />t f ,libreville4 ,:at su* a railway1 tapp+ ! ,congo-,sangha-,ubangi traffic at its mo/ fav\rable po9t1 w\ld mean1 c1 ,h]r ,zimm]mann rem>ks1 be left to ! ,belgians !mselves to say4 ,he does n sugge/ t su* s*emes z ^! w\ld 9 !mselves be ( great value to ,g]many2 b he ?9ks !y might h a p[]ful influ5ce1 bo? politically & economically1 on ! solution ( ! ,tanganyika problem 9 ,g]many's fav\r4 ,9 fact1 he consid]s t s9ce ! #aiaa treaty ,g]many has practically controll$ ! situation 9 ,c5tral ,africa2 & f all he says x is a reasonable assumption t ! ,agadir crisis1 ! concession ( t]ritory exact$ f ,france1 & ! und]tak+ z to ! c>ry+ ( ,g]man ,cam]oon railways across ,fr5* t]ritory1 _h f> m to d ) ,g]man designs on ! ,belgian ,congo & ,c5tral ,africa ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,9 ano!r "w1 publi%$ a ye> lat]1#gb ! same writ]1 adopt+ n[ a di/9ctly diff]5t tone1 endeav\r$ to appease an ,anti-,c5tral ,africa agitation :i*1 he tells u1 _h develop$ 9 ,g]many & 0 prote/+ alike aga9/ ! dang] ( acquir+ any m ,congo-swamps & aga9/ ! b\ndless ,g]man plans 9 ,africa4 ,he fur!r s\ght to soo! ! suspicions :i*1 he f\nd1 _h be5 excit$ 9 ,belgium & else:]e z to ! nature ( ,g]many's plans 9 ,africa4 ,g]many1 he decl>$1 _h no annexation projects 9 view4 ,h] aspirations 7 purely economic4 ,kam]un1 ?anks to ! ,g]man-,fr5* treaty ( #aiaa 7:i*1 he reit]at$1 _h *ang$ ! :ole situation71 c\ld n[ take a consid]able %>e 9 ! developm5t ( ,c5tral ,africa1 & 0 ! m entitl$ s to d s9ce %e _h1 9 ,duala1 "o ( ! be/ h>b\rs on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa4 ,,(ficial ,,admissions ,z aga9/1 h[ev]1 affirmations su* z ^!1 !re is ! undisputable evid5ce ( no less an au?ority ?an ! ,g]man ,=eign ,m9i/] himself z to ! real nature ( ,g]many's designs on ! ,belgian ,congo4 ,9 ! second ,belgian ,grey ,book1 publi%$ 9 ,augu/1 #aiae1 "u ! title ( ,correspondance ,diplomatique relative la ,gu]re de #aiad-ae1 !re is giv5 7pp4 #b-c7 a lett] f ! ,belgian ,m9i/] 9 ,b]l91 ,b>on ,bey5s1 to 8 ,gov]nm5t1 record+1 "u date ,april #b1 #aiad1 a conv]sation :i* ! ,fr5* ,ambassador 9 ,b]l9 in=m$ him he _h _h q rec5tly 7&1 !re=e1 only ab\t f\r mon?s be=e ! outbreak ( w>7 ) ! ,g]man ,=eign ,m9i/]4 ,h]r von ,jag[ sugge/$ to him t ,g]many1 ,france & ,engl& %\ld arrive at an agreem5t on ! con/ruction & l9k+ up ( railways 9 ,africa4 ,m4 ,gambon repli$ t 9 ?is case ,belgium ought to be invit$ to conf] ) !m1 z %e 0 con/ruct+ "s new railways on ! ,congo4 ,he also express$ ! view t any conf]5ce held on ! subject %\ld meet at ,brussels4 ,to ?is ,h]r von ,jag[ respond$1 ,oh no2 = x is at ! exp5se ( ,belgium t our agreem5t %\ld be made4 ,d y n ?9k1 he add$1 t ,k+ ,leopold plac$ too heavy a burd5 on ! %\ld]s ( ,belgium8 ,belgium is n ri* en\gh to develop t va/ possession4 ,x is an ent]prise beyond h] f9ancial res\rces & h] means ( expansion4 ,! ,fr5* ,ambassador diss5t$1 b ,h]r von ,jag[ w5t on to affirm t ! great ,p[]s 7 alone 9 a position to colonise1 & t ! small ,p[]s 7 de/9$ to disappe> or to gravitate t[>ds ! orbit ( ! l>ge ones4 ,9 ! words ( ! ,belgian ,m9i/]3-- ,il dveloppa l'op9ion que seules les gr&es ,puissances sont en situation de colonis]4 ,il dvoila mme le fond de sa p5se en s\t5ant que les petits tats ne p\rrai5t plus m5]1 dans la trans=mation qui s'oprait en ,europe au pr(it des nationalits les plus =tes1 p> suite du dveloppem5t des =ces conomiques et des moy5s de communication1 l'exi/5ce indp5dante dont ils avai5t j\i jusqu' prs5t4 ,ils tai5t de/9s disp>atre ou gravit] dans l'orbite des gr&es ,puissances4 ,,d] ,,tag ,,& ,,its ,,programme ,! /ory "h pres5t$ ( ,g]many's aims 9 ,africa has tak5 u ov] almo/ ! entire ,african ,cont95t4 ,x n[ only rema9s to be se5 h[ ^? aims 7 to be realis$1 n m]ely z ! outcome ( ,pan-,g]man dreams & advocacy1 b z ! result ( _m ye>s ( s*em+1 plott+ & actual prep>ation1 all direct$ to ! wip+ out ( ! influ5ce 9 ,africa ( o!r ,p[]s1 great z well z small1 & ! f9al realisation ( ,g]many's long-*]i%$ purpose4 ,accord+ to conv]sations ,mr4 ,o',connor _h ) milit>y (fic]s 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa j be=e ! outbreak ( w> 9 #aiad1 ! programme "u :i* ,g]many hop$ to become ! supreme p[] 9 ,africa :5 d] ,tag s long look$ =w>d to %\ld arrive 01 9 effect1 z foll[s3-- ,belgium 0 to be dispos$ ( at "o gulp4 ,?is w\ld make x an easy matt] = ,g]many to take ov] ! ,belgian ,congo4 ,france w\ld be p>alys$2 &1 be+ p>alys$1 %e w\ld n be able to prev5t ,g]many f succe$+ to ! :ole ( h] possessions 9 ,africa4 ,! ,d]vi%es w\ld /ir up a rebellion 9 ,egypt1#gc & o!r rebellions 7 anticipat$ 9 ,irel& & ,india4 ,:ile ,engl& 0 fully occupi$ 9 ^! directions ! ,afrik&]s 7 to rise en masse & decl>e ,briti% ,s\? ,africa an ,afrik&] ,republic4 ,! =ces 9 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa w\ld make a sudd5 raid into ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa4 ,hav+ annex$ t t]ritory & got possession ( ! railway1 !y w\ld next invade ,rhodesia f ! ea/1 9 co-op]ation ) troops f ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa advanc+ to ! ,zambezi1 via ! ,caprivi ,/rip1 f ! railway t]m9us at ,grootfonte94 ,mean:ile ,g]man columns w\ld h mov$ 7#a7 f ! milit>y /ation at ,gobabis into ,be*uanal&1 cross+ ! des]t ( ,kalah>i1 to effect ! capture ( ,vryburg2 & 7#b7 f ,keetman%oop1 & o!r po9ts s]v$ by ! ,seeheim bran*1 into nor!rn ,cape ,prov9ce1 via ,raman's ,drift1 ,s*uit ,drift & ! s\?-ea/ corn] ( ! t]ritory4 ,rhodesia hav+ be5 seiz$1 m troops w\ld be available to proce$ to ! assi/ance ( ! ,afrik&] =ces op]at+ 9 ! ,cape ,prov9ce1 ! ,transvaal & ! ,orange ,free ,/ate--a ris+ on ! "p ( ! ,afrik&]s z soon z !y saw a good opportunity = "o be+ tak5 = grant$4 ,9 return = ! s]vices ?us r5d]$ by h] to ! ,afrik&]s 9 e/abli%+ _! ,republic1 ,g]many w\ld take a portion ( ! ,transvaal1 z well z "p ( ! ,zulul& coa/4 ,) ,belgium & ,france effectively cru%$1 & ! p[] ( ,great ,brita9 9 ,s\? ,africa brok5 d[n1 ^? c\ntries w\ld no long] be 9 a position to prev5t ,g]many f annex+ ,portuguese ,angola2 & ?is %e 0 to d next4 ,%e w\ld all[ ! ,afrik&] ,republic to take ,delagoa ,bay2 b ! ,republic itself 0 to come "u ! gu>dian%ip ( ,g]many4 ,! ^w suz]a9ty1 ,mr4 ,o',connor says1 0 n m5tion$1 gu>dian%ip be+ pref]r$2 b1 ) ! exception ( ,italian ,somalil&--ab\t :i* no?+ 0 said--practically ! :ole ( ,africa 0 ei!r to belong to ,g]many or to be br\ght directly or indirectly "u h] control4 ,,! ,,objective ,,( ,,! ,,_w-,,w> ,s9ce ! outbreak ( ! ,_w-,w> 9 #aiad !re has be5 mu* speculation z to ! real objective & purpose ( ,g]many 9 br++ x ab\t4 ,d ! facts /at$ 9 ! pres5t *apt] af=d any help t[>ds a solution ( ?is problem8 ,we h se5 ! nature ( ! aims *]i%$ by ,g]many t[>ds ,africa1 ! practical & p]si/5t ef=ts %e made dur+ a long s]ies ( ye>s = _! atta9m5t1 & ! sub/antial exp5diture %e incurr$ 9 ! hope ( at la/ secur+ ! prize %e consid]$ 0 await+ h]4 ,we h se5 h[ ! purpose ( ,g]many 9 ,africa 0 less to develop colonies = _! own sake ?an to reg>d !m z po9ts f :i* to absorb or to control neighb\r+ t]ritories4 ,we h se5 h[ ! developm5t ( rival railways 9 ,c5tral ,africa _h rec5tly ?reat5$ ! supremacy ,g]many hop$ to ga9 & may1 inde$1 h sugge/$ to h] ! ne$ = e>ly vigor\s ef=t1 if %e wi%$ /ill to secure ! realisation ( h] aims4 ,we h se5 :at1 9 ! view ( ! ,g]man ,=eign ,m9i/]1 %\ld be ! fate ( small ,p[]s :i* /& 9 ! way ( ! aggr&isem5t ( great ones4 ,we h se51 also1 h[1 9 ! op9ion ( (fic]s s]v+ 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 ! real purpose ( ! w> to :i* !y 7 look+ =w>d1 & = :i* !y 7 prep>+1 0 ! ,g]man annexation ( ,africa1 & h[ ! sma%+ up ( ,france & ,great ,brita91 ! ov]?r[ ( ,belgium1 ! seizure ( ,portuguese possessions1 & ! virtual absorption ( ! propos$ new ,bo] ,republics 7 to be ! prelim9>ies to a f9al trans=mation ( ! :ole ,african ,cont95t into a ,g]man possession--! new ,empire :i*1 9 ! words ( von ,web]1 0 to be possibly m valuable & m brilliant ?an ev5 ! ,indian ,empire4 ,may "o n conclude1 9 face ( ^! & ( all ! o!r facts :i* h "h be5 n>rat$1 t "o1 at lea/1 ( ! ma9 objectives ( ,g]many 7ap>t f m9or ones7 9 provok+ ! ,great ,w> 0 no less a prize ?an ! ,african ,cont95t2#gd & t :5 %e invad$ ,belgium & ,france %e did s less ) ! object ( annex+ ! =m] c\ntry1 & ( creat+ ano!r ,alsace-,lorra9e 9 ! latt] ?an ( hav+ some?+ 9 h] h& ) :i* to b>ga9--9 ! int]e/s ( h] projects 9 ,africa--:5 ! "t came = discuss+ ! t]ms ( peace1 assum+ t %e _h n already atta9$ h] purpose at ! outset by ! %e] =ce ( :at %e ?\ght w\ld be h] irresi/ible /r5g?8 ,if ?is conclusion %\ld seem to be w>rant$1 on ! basis ( :at has already be5 told1 x may c]ta9ly be reg>d$ z confirm$ by ! fact t1 d[n to ! mom5t :5 ^! l9es are be+ writt51 any sugge/ions com+ f ,g]man s\rces z to possible t]ms ( peace h inv>iably includ$ proposals = ! concession to ,g]many ( t]ritory 9 ,africa z comp5sation = ! surr5d] ( t]ritory %e has h]self occupi$ 9 ,belgium & ,france4 ,?us1 9 a despat* publi%$ 9 ,! ,times ( ,septemb] #d1 #aiae1 a /atem5t 0 reproduc$ f ! ,*icago ,tribune giv+1 on ! au?ority ( a writ] 9 close t\* ) ! ,g]man ,embassy1 ! t]ms on :i* ,g]many w\ld be prep>$ to agree to peace4 ,^! t]ms includ$ ! foll[+3-- ,! cession ( ! ,belgian ,congo to ,g]many1 z comp5sation = ! evacuation ( ,belgium4 ,! cession ( ,african colonial t]ritory to ,g]many by ,france1 z comp5sation = ! evacuation ( ,nor!rn ,france4 ,!n1 also1 on ,octob] #bd1 #aiae1 ! ,new ,york ,am]ican publi%$ a long int]view ) ,pr(essor ,hans ,delbrck on ! t]ms ( peace :i* ,g]many hop$ to secure if ,presid5t ,wilson & ! ,pope w\ld cons5t to act z m$iators4 ,! int]view 7:i* _h be5 approv$ by ! ,g]man c5sor7 includ$ ! foll[+ passage3-- ,x is q possible t peace c\ld be secur$ by c$+ to ,g]many su* colonies z ,ug&a by ,engl& & ! ,fr5* & ,belgian ,congos z a ransom = ! evacuation by ,g]many ( ,nor!rn ,france & ,belgium4 ,su* concessions1 if "o c conceive ! possibility ( _! be+ made--w\ld /ill leave ,g]many f> f ! atta9m5t ( h] full ,african programme2 b ! fact ( ^! proposals be+ put =w>d at all z t]ms ( peace is q 9 keep+ ) ! :ole c\rse ( ,g]many's policy 9 ,africa1 & po9ts cle>ly to :at may1 9 fact1 h be5 h] *ief objective 9 ! w> itself4 ,any moral reflections ei!r on ! said policy or on ! programme by means ( :i* x 0 to h be5 c>ri$ out w\ld be beyond ! scope ( ! pres5t "w4 ,:at we are "h conc]n$ 9 is ! fact t ,g]many's dreams ( an ,african ,empire1 giv5 expression to by von ,web] 9 #ahhj1 & ! subject ( su* cont9u\s ef=t ev] s9ce1 71 9 ! possibilities ( _! realisation1 bas$ prim>ily on ! ext5sion & utilisation ( su* facilities = rail-transport z %e might be able ei!r to create or to acquire4 ,,footnotes3 #ee ,see ,vol4 ,,iii4 ( ,! ,/ory ( ,africa1 by ,rob]t ,br[n4 ,london1 #ahid4 #ef ,! ,g]mans & ,africa1 by ,evans ,lew91 ,libr>ian ( ! ,royal ,colonial ,in/itute4 ,london1 #aiae4 #eg ,"u ! t]ms ( ! treaty ( ,july #a1 #aijj1 ,g]many 0 to h free access f h] ,s\?-,we/ ,africa ,protectorate to ! ,zambezi ,riv] by a /rip :i* %all at no po9t be less ?an tw5ty ,engli% miles 9 wid?4 #eh ,! ,h]]os 7,dam>as7 are n a w>like p1 & al?\gh1 at ! "t ( ! ris+1 _m ( !m 7 arm$ ) ,maus]s & ,lee-,enfields1 x has be5 said ( !m t !y 7 n ( mu* acc\nt ) ! rifle1 _! natural weapon be+ ! assegai4 ,a ,g]man ,:ite ,book on ! rebellion /at$ t ! cause ( ! outbreak 0 ! _s ( indep5d5ce :i* *>act]is$ ! ,h]]os1 to :om ! increas+ dom9ation ( ! ,g]mans _h become insupportable1 & :o believ$ !mselves /rong] ?an ! :ites4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,bryd5 7,! ,conque/ ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,july1 #aiae7 ! real causes 7 ! abuses ( ! :ite trad]1 ! brutal me?ods ( c]ta9 (ficials1 & ! seizure & occupation ( tribal l&s4 ,! w> develop$ into "o ( practical ext]m9ation = ! natives conc]n$4 ,( ! ,h]]os betwe5 #bj1jjj & #cj1jjj 7 ei!r kill$ outright or driv5 into ! ,kalah>i des]t to die ( />vation4 ,! ,hott5tots also lo/ heavily4 #ei ,! ,comm]ce ,def5ce ,league1 z expla9$ by ! writ] ( ! article1 is an organisation ( ,g]man trad]s :i* gives subsidies to ,g]man cl]ks s t !y c take up appo9tm5ts at nom9al sal>ies 9 =eign c\ntries1 on ! und]/&+ t !y are to report to ! ,league z to ! bus9ess me?ods1 etc41 ( ^? c\ntries & on op5+s = ,g]man trade or indu/ry !re91 ! ,league act+ on su* in=mation & divid+ among its subscrib]s ! pr(its d]iv$ f ! ag5cies op5$ or ! competitive bus9esses />t$4 #fj ,see ,s\? ,africa1 ,novemb] #ad1 #aiad4 #fa ,memor&um on ! ,c\ntry kn[n z ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 ,compil$ f su* in=mation z is at pres5t available to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,union ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,pretoria1 #aiae4 #fb ,! colony 0 also 9 wireless-telegraphic communication1 via ,togol&1 ) ,b]l94 #fc ,= details ( s-call$ invasions ( ,portuguese t]ritory by ,g]man political ag5ts1 pos+ z eng9e]s & prospectors1 see an article on ,! ,invasion ( ,angola1 by ,mr4 ,george ,bailey1 9 ! issue ( ,unit$ ,empire3 ,! ,royal ,colonial ,in/itute ,j\rnal1 = ,octob]1 #aiae4 #fd ,le ,*em9 de ,f] du ,tanganyika et les progrs de l',afrique ori5tale allem&e4 ,p> ,camille ,m>t94 ,r5seignem5ts coloniaux1 ,no4 #c4 ,supplm5t de l',afrique franaise1 ,m>s1 #aiad4 ,p>is4 #fe ,a region on ! ,belgian ,congo ab\t #aae1jjj squ>e miles 9 ext5t & "o ( ! be/ wat]$ di/ricts 9 ,africa1 ly+ ne>ly 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,african cont95t1 & equidi/ant1 !re=e1 f ! ,atlantic & ,indian ,oceans4 #ff ,adv5tures 9 ,africa "u ! ,briti%1 ,belgian & ,portuguese ,flags4 ,london1 #aiae4 #fg ,wel*es ,int]esse hat ,deuts*l& an d] ,ers*liessung des ,congo8 ,von ,emil ,zimm]mann4 ,koloniale ,runds*au1 ,mai1 #aiaa4 ,b]l94 #fh ,die ,erob]ung des ,tanganyika-,v]kehrs4 ,von ,emil ,zimm]mann4 ,koloniale ,runds*au1 ,jan41 #aiaa4 ,b]l94 #fi ,kam]un und die ,deuts*e ,tsdsee-,eis5bahn4 ,von ,c>l ,r51 ,director des ,kam]un-,eis5bahn-,syndikats4 #bea pp4 ,mit #cg ,textbild]n und #bb ,tafeln na* ,orig9al-,aufnahm5 d] ,kam]un-,eis5bahn-,exp$iton1 #aijb-c4 ,b]l91 #aije4 #gj ,bullet9 de la ,socit de ,geographie et d',etudes coloniales de ,m>seilles4 ,tome ,,xxxvi1 ,no4 #a4 ,ie ,trime/re1 #aiab4 #ga ,neu-,kam]un2 ,reise]lebnisse und wirts*aftspolitis*e ,unt]su*ung54 ,von ,emil ,zimm]mann4 #ace pp4 ,map4 ,b]l91 #aiac4 #gb ,0 i/ uns ,z5tralafrika8 ,von ,emil ,zimm]mann4 #eg pp4 ,b]l91 #aiad4 #gc ,h[ ,egypt 0 to be invad$ & captur$ by ! ,g]mans & ,turks1 9 comb9ation1 ) ! help ( ! railways 9 ,asia ,m9or1 w be told 9 ! foll[+ ,*apt]4 #gd ,%\ld !re /ill be any d\bt on ?is po9t1 x w be remov$ by ! frank admission ( ,die ,neue ,zeit1 ev5 :il/ ! ,great ,w> is /ill 9 progress1 t ,g]many und]took ! w> ) ! ma9 object ( ext5d+ h] colonial possessions4 ,z quot$ 9 ! ,daily ,express ( ,octob] #h1 #aiae1 ,die ,neue ,zeit fur!r said3--,h]r ,paul ,rohrba* fav\rs ! acquisition ( ! :ole ( ,c5tral ,africa1 b op9es t ?is t]ritory1 va/ z x is1 w n be adequate to furni% ,g]many ) all ! elb[ room %e may require )9 ! next half-c5tury4 ,pr(essor ,delbrck1 :ile agree+ ) ,h]r ,rohrba*1 z to ! importance ( ,c5tral ,africa1 z well z ( ,angola & ! :ole ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 fur!r emphasises ! necessity = ! acquisition ( ! ,sudan & ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,sah>a1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,france4 ,we are q 9 agreem5t ) ^! em95t lead]s t we mu/ f\nd an ,india ( our own1 & t ! great] "p ( ! ,african cont95t mu/ furni% ! requisite t]ritory4 ,once well e/abli%$ 9 ?is new empire1 we %all l9k ourselves ) ,asiatic ,turkey1 & also ) ,*9a1 recon/ruct+ ! political & economic f\ndations ( bo? on a sci5tific ,g]man basis4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,designs ,,on ,,asiatic ,,turkey ,j z av[$ly /rategical l9es 9 ,africa 7 to lead ! way to ! creation ( a ,g]man ,african ,empire1 s1 9 turn1 0 t sy/em ( economic-political-/rategical l9es compris$ )9 ! s*eme ( :at is kn[n z ! ,baghdad ,railway design$ to ensure ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,g]man ,middle-,asian ,empire1 br++ "u ,g]man control ! entire region f ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 & provid+ conv5i5t /epp+-(f places f :i* an advance might be made on ,egypt 9 ! "o direction & ,india 9 ! o!r4 ,! conception ( ?is fur!r programme 0 spread ov] 7#a7 ! p]iod dur+ :i* ,g]many's aspirations 7 limit$ to ! inh]itance ( ,turkey's possessions 9 ,asia2 & 7#b7 ! p]iod :5 su* inh]itance began to be reg>d$ z a means to ! realisation ( /ill great] aims 9 ! doma9 ( ,weltpolitik4 ,= m ?an half a c5tury ,asiatic ,turkey has be5 look$ ^u z ,g]many's ,l& ( ,promise4 ,anatolia 0 ?\ght a mo/ desirable t]ritory = h] surplus population4 ,! developm5t1 "u ,g]man influ5ce1 ( t t]ritory z a :ole--especially ) a revival ( ! ,babylonian sy/em ( irrigation--0 consid]$ to (f] va/ possibilities ( comm]cial prosp]ity4 ,:eat1 cotton & tobacco1 especially1 might be rais$ 9 prodigi\s quantities1 & !re 0 ! prospect1 also1 ( a petroleum indu/ry rivall+ t ( ,baku itself4 ,turkey 0 a decad5t nation1 & z soon z ! ,sick ,man succumb$ to 8 app>5tly inevitable fate--or ev5 be=e1 %\ld circum/ances p]mit--,g]many 0 ready to /ep into 8 %oes4 ,t ^! aspirations _h1 inde$1 long be5 *]i%$ is a fact capable ( ready pro(4 ,9 #ahdh ,wilhelm ,ros*]1 ! lead+ exp\nd] ( ! hi/orical s*ool ( political economy 9 ,g]many1 select$ ,asia ,m9or z ,g]many's %>e 9 ! ,turki% spoils1 :5ev] ! division !re( %\ld take place2 & ,johann ,k>l ,rob]tus 7#ahje-ahge71 ! f\nd] ( ! s-call$ sci5tific socialism 9 ,g]many1 express$ ! hope t he w\ld live long en\gh to see ,turkey fall into ! h&s ( ,g]many1 &1 also1 to see ,g]man soldi]s on ! %ores ( ! ,bosporus4 ,com+ to a m rec5t p]iod1 we f9d t ,dr4 ,aloys ,spr5g]1 ! ,g]man ori5tali/1 publi%$1 9 #ahhf1 a pamphlet on ,babylonia1 ! ri*e/ l& 9 ! pa/1 & ! mo/ promis+ field = colonisation 9 ! pres5t1#ge 9 :i*1 aft] deal+ ) ! hi/ory1 physical conditions & res\rces ( ,babylonia1 he pr$ict$ t1 be=e ! end ( ! c5tury1 n only ,babylonia b ,assyria1 :i* 0 insep>able f x1 w\ld1 if n =mally annex$1 at lea/ come "u ! control ( "s ,european ,p[]4 ,assyria & ,syria1 he decl>$1 7 ev5 bett] adapt$ = colonisation ?an ,babylonia4 ,he cont9u$3-- ,! ,ori5t is ! only t]ritory on e>? :i* has n yet be5 tak5 possession ( by "s aspir+ nation4 ,x (f]s ! f9e/ opportunities = colonisation1 & if ,g]many1 tak+ c>e n to let ! opportunity slip1 %\ld act be=e ! ,cossacks come along1 %e w\ld1 9 ! division ( ! _w1 get ! be/ %>e4444 ,! ,g]man ,kais]1 z soon z a few hundr$ ?\s& arm$ ,g]man coloni/s br+ ^! promis+ fields into cultivation1 w h 9 8 h& ! fate ( ,asia ,m9or1 & he c--& w--!n become ! ,protector ( ,peace = ! :ole ( ,asia4 ,dr4 ,k>l ,ka]g]1 travell] & economi/1 lam5t$1 9 8 ,kle9asi52 e9 deuts*es ,kolonisationsfeld 7,b]l91 #ahib71 ! enorm\s loss su/a9$ by ,g]many 9 ! migration ( s _m ( h] p & ( s mu* capital to ,anglo-,saxon l&s2 b !re 71 he affirm$1 only two c\ntries to :i* ,g]man settl]s c\ld g ) any hope ( reta9+ alike _! nationality & _! comm]cial relations ) ! ,mutt]l&4 ,^? c\ntries 7--,africa & ,asia ,m9or4 ,he _h be5 especially impress$1 dur+ ! c\rse ( 8 travels1 by ! prospects & possibilities ( ,anatolia1 & he recomm5d$ ! e/abli%m5t !re ( l>ge ,g]man companies :i* w\ld organise s*emes ( colonisation & l& cultivation on a l>ge scale4 ,! colonies s e/abli%$ %\ld be self-gov]n+1 free f all taxation = t5 ye>s1 h ! "r ( duty-free importation ( necess>ies1 & enjoy v>i\s o!r privileges1 :ile ,turkey1 9 return = ! concessions %e ?us made to ! settl]s1 w\ld be assur$ ! protection ( ,g]many aga9/ attack4 ,n only hundr$s ( ?\s&s1 b millions1 ( coloni/s c\ld f9d a second home on ^? wide expanses4 ,g]many h]self w\ld ga9 a dual advantage--an economical "o1 & a political "o4 ,conc]n+ ! latt]1 ,dr4 ,ka]g] obs]v$3-- ,if ! ,g]man ,empire1 :ile ma9ta9+ h] fri5d%ip ) ,au/ria & ,italy--:i*1 "u all circum/ances1 ! political situation 9 ,europe und\bt$ly requires--c direct ! /ream ( h] emigration to ! f]tile t]ritories ( ,turkey1 & if %e c conclude ) t c\ntry a clos] cu/oms conv5tion1 !n ! entire economic1 & ) x1 also1 ! political future ( ,g]many w re/ on a broad] & a firm] basis ?an if ! pres5t /reams ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( h] p1 & millions ( capital1 cont9ue to pass 9 increas+ proportions1 ye> by ye>1 to c\ntries :i* are economically ho/ile to u4 ,dr4 ,ka]g] 0 especially conc]n$ le/ ,g]many might be anticipat$ by ,russia or ,engl& 9 ! realisation ( h] own designs on ,asia ,m9or4 ,%\ld1 he decl>$1 ei!r ( ^? c\ntries acquire any fur!r t]ritory f ,turkey1 or increase 9 any way ,turkey's dep5d5ce ^u !m1 ! result w\ld be ! mo/ s]i\s di/urbance ( ! prevail+ situation 9 ,europe t _h occurr$ s9ce #ahgj4 ,! developm5t ( all ^! ideas w5t s f> t 9 #ahie ! ,alldeuts*] ,bltt] recomm5d$ t ,g]many %\ld e/abli% a ,protectorate ov] ! ,turki% possessions 9 ,asia ,m9or2 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,alldeuts*] ,v]b& publi%$ a manife/o on ,g]man claims to ! ,inh]itance ( ,turkey 7,deuts*l&s ,anspru* an das trkis*e ,erbe71 mak+ a =mal /atem5t ( ,g]many's alleg$ rights to ! ,turki% succession4 ,g]many _h by ?is "t already secur$ a foot+ on ! soil ( ,asiatic ,turkey by virtue ( ! ,anatolian ,railway4 ,! fir/ section--a l5g? ( ab\t sev5ty miles1 ext5d+ f ,haid> ,pa*a 7situate on ! nor?-ea/]n coa/ ( ! ,sea ( ,m>m>a1 & opposite ,con/ant9ople7 to ,ismidt--0 built 9 #ahge by ,g]man eng9e]s to ! ord] ( ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 transf]r$ 9 #ahhh to a ,g]man syndicate1 nom9ees ( ! ,deuts*e ,bank4 ,"u ! p[]s !n conf]r$ ^u !m1 ! syndicate op5$ an ext5sion1 on ! ea/1 to ,angora1 9 #ahib1 & ano!r1 on ! s\?1 to ,konia1 9 #ahif1 ! total l5g? ( l9e be+ ?us increas$ to #fcc miles4 ,z ! result ( ! visit ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or to ,con/ant9ople 9 #ahih1 foll[$ by negotiations betwe5 ! ,porte & ! director ( ! ,deuts*e ,bank1 au?ority 0 giv5 to a new ,g]man ,company--! ,imp]ial ,ottoman ,baghdad ,railway ,company--"u conv5tions ( #ahhi1 #aijb & #aijc1 to cont9ue ! exi/+ ,anatolian ,railway f ,konia to ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 via ,adana1 ,nisib91 ,mosul & ,baghdad4 ,?is ext5sion 0 to con/itute ! ma9 l9e ( ! ,baghdad ,railway prop]2 b ! ,company also acquir$ control ov] mo/ ( ! bran* railways already 9 op]ation4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! ,fr5* ,smyrna--,afium ,k>ahiss> l9e1 :i* con/itutes ! direct trade r\te betwe5 ,smyrna & places s]v$ by ! ,anatolian railway1 & has1 also1 a bran* to ,p&]ma1 on ! s\!rn %ores ( ! ,sea ( ,m>m>a4 ,ano!r 0 ! %ort l9e f ,adana to ,m]s9a1 giv+ access to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,?is meant ! sub/itution ( ,g]man = ,fr5* int]e/s1 :ile ! c\rse tak5 by ! ,anatolia-,baghdad ,railway f ! ,bosporus to ,adana %ut (f ! possibility ( an ext5sion ( ! ,briti% l9e f ,smyrna via ,aid9 to ,eg]dir 7we/ ( ,konia7 into ! int]ior4 ,!n 9 #aiaa ! ,company acquir$ ! "r to build a new port at ,alex&retta1 ) quays1 docks1 bond$ w>eh\ses1 etc41 & to con/ruct !nce a %ort l9e ( railway connect+ ) ! ,baghdad ma9 l9e at ,osmanieh1 ea/ ( ,adana4 ,by ^! means ! ,g]mans acquir$ ! control ov]1 if n an actual monopoly (1 ! traffic betwe5 "o ( ! mo/ important ports on ! ea/]n sea-bo>d ( ! ,m$it]ranean--a port :]e a trade valu$ at ?ree & a half million /]l+ is already be+ done--& ! va/ ext5t ( t]ritory 9 ,asia ,m9or design$ to be s]v$ by ! ,baghdad ,railway4 ,f ,muslimiyeh1 a little t[n on ! nor? ( ,aleppo1 !re is a %ort bran* connect+ ! ,baghdad ,railway ) ! ,h$jaz l9e f ,damascus to ,m$9a1 :i* is ev5tually to be c>ri$ on to ,mecca2 :ile f ,rayak1 nor? ( ,damascus1 a bran* built 9 a s\?-we/]ly direction 0 to be c>ri$ to )9 a %ort di/ance ( ! ,egyptian fronti]4 ,f ! junction = ! ,aleppo bran*1 ! ma9 l9e 0 to cont9ue across ! ,mesopotamian pla9 to ,baghdad 7:5ce a bran* to ,khanik91 on ! ,p]sian fronti] 0 project$7 & s on to ,basra1 = ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,?us ! s*eme = :at passes "u ! title ( ! ,baghdad ,railway embraces ?ree sep>ate & di/9ct regions ( ,asiatic ,turkey--7#a7 ,anatolia1 7#b7 ,syria & 7#c7 ,mesopotamia4 ,9 o!r words1 :]eas 9 _! fir/ phase1 ,g]man aspirations = ,turki% t]ritory 7 bas$ on ! economic advantages ( settlem5t 9 ,anatolia--a region 9 itself l>ge en\gh to accommodate all ! ,g]mans :o 7 likely to want to settle !re--9 ! second phase ^? aspirations 7 bas$ on an ext5sion ( ! ,baghdad ,railway t[>ds ,egypt 9 ! "o direction & ! ,p]sian ,gulf 9 ! o!r4 ,?is dual ext5sion became ! m noticeable1 also1 inasmu* z = ! passage ( ! ,taurus range ( m\nta9s a total ( ne>ly #ajj miles ( bla/+ & tunnell+ w\ld h to be c>ri$ out1 ! co/ ( con/ruction on c]ta9 sections ( ! l9e ris+ to betwe5 #ce1jjj & #dj1jjj a mile4 ,! ext5sion1 !re=e1 0 likely to be a co/ly bus9ess1 ! total l5g? ( ! ,baghdad ,railway prop]1 ap>t f ! ,anatolian sy/em1 be+1 z project$1 ab\t #a1cej miles1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 only ab\t #fjj miles 71 9 ,june1 #aiae1 available = traffic4#gf ,admitt+ ! desirability ( op5+ up ,mesopotamia to comm]cial & agricultural developm5t1 x may1 nev]!less1 be ask$1 7 !re o!r motives--& motives to :i* /ill great] weight might h be5 atta*$--= ?is expansion ( ! e>li] designs8 ,abdul ,hamid's reason = grant+ ! concession is said to h be5 t ! ext5sion ( ! l9e to ! ,p]sian ,gulf w\ld greatly /r5g!n ! milit>y position ( ,turkey1 s9ce x w\ld enable h] to effect a spe$y transf] ( troops betwe5 ! ,bosporus & ! ,gulf1 or int]m$iate places1 z aga9/ ! _m mon?s t might be occupi$ by m>*+ on foot across pla9s & m\nta9s4 ,g]many's reasons = seek+ to con/ruct ! ,baghdad ,railway1 its bran*es & connections1 to ! full ext5t ( ! programme laid d[n1 71 n simply ! developm5t ( new trade r\tes1 z c]ta9 inspir$ repres5tations h s\ght to make ! _w believe1 & n simply ! ga9 ( v>i\s o!r economic advantages1 b 7#a7 a desire to increase ,g]man influ5ce ov] ,turkey2 to /r5g!n h] milit>y & o!r res\rces ) a view to employ+ !m ev5tually 9 ! advancem5t ( ,g]many's own int]e/s2 & to ensure ! realisation ( t ev5tual ,protectorate ov] ,turkey :i* w\ld conv]t ! c\ntry into practically a ,g]man prov9ce2 & 7#b7 ! fur!r+ ( ,g]many's aims aga9/ ,great ,brita9 9 ! belief t %e1 too1 0 a decad5t c\ntry ^: possessions1 :5 we c\ld no long] def5d !m effectively1 ,g]many w\ld be ! m likely to secure = h]self if1 ) a conc5tration ( ,turki% =ces to assi/ h]1 %e 7 e/abli%$ )9 /rik+ di/ance ( "s ( ! mo/ vuln]able po9ts ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 ready to take in/ant advantage ( any fav\rable opportunity t might pres5t itself1 :e!r 9 a prospective break-up ( t ,empire or o!rwise4 ,( evid5ce conc]n+ ,g]many's ef=ts to obta9 increas+ influ5ce ov] ,turkey !re is no lack4 ,we h1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! fact t 9 #ahhb a ,g]man milit>y mission1 ( :i* ,g5]al ! ,b>on ,colm> von d] ,goltz 0 ! pr9cipal memb]1 und]took ! tra9+ ( ! ,turki% ,army accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ,g]man milit>y sci5ce1 ) ! result t ! ,turki% ,army became a m effici5t in/rum5t = ! atta9m5t1 n only ( h] own aims or purposes1 b ^?1 also1 ( ,g]many h]self4 ,! ,kais]1 al?\gh ! supreme head ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 & al?\gh hav+ no ,mohamm$an subjects ( 8 own1 s\ght to pose z ! *ampion ( ,mohamm$ans 9 g5]al & ! ,def5d] ( _! ,fai?4 ,dur+ 8 visit to ,damascus 9 ,novemb]1 #ahih1 he decl>$--,may ! ,sultan1 may ! ?ree hundr$ million ,mohamm$ans liv+ :o1 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! e>?1 hon\r 9 8 p]son _! ,caliph1 re/ assur$ t at all times ! ,g]man ,kais] w be _! fri5d4#gg ,:5ev] political tr\ble ?reat5$ to fall ^u ,turkey1 z ! result ( su* occurr5ces z ! ,arm5ian & ,mac$onian atrocities or ! insurrection 9 ,crete1 x 0 ,g]many :o became h] *ampion z aga9/ ! o!r ,p[]s ( ,europe4 ,ev]y?+ possible 0 done to pu% ,g]man trade 9 ,turkey & to e/abli% clos] comm]cial relations ) h]4 ,!re came a "t :5 e city ( importance 9 ! ,turki% ,empire 0 decl>$ to be ov]run ) ,g]man bank]s1 ,g]man cl]ks & ,g]man bagm54 ,n only1 too1 7 ,g]man eng9e]s active 9 seek+ to get concessions = new railways1 & n only 7 ,g]man f9anci]s equally active 9 endeav\r+ to control exi/+ ones1 b1 z ,dr4 ,*>les ,s>olea po9ts out1 9 8 book on ,! ,anglo-,g]man ,problem1 !re are1 9 ! agreem5ts betwe5 ! ,baghdad ,railway ,company & ! ,porte1 f9ancial clauses :i* mu/ ultimately place ,turkey entirely at ! m]cy ( h] pr(ess$ *ampion4 ,9 ,turkey ,g]many alone w\ld rule supreme2 & ! aspirations = a ,g]man ,protectorate ov] ,turkey1 ) ! ,sultan z a vassal ( ,g]many1 w\ld !n be realis$4 ,writ+ on ! position z he f\nd x 9 #aijc1 ,m4 ,&r ,*radame said 9 ,la ,"q d',ori5t3-- ,m & m ! ,g]mans seem to reg>d ! l& ( ! ,turks z _! p]sonal prop]ty4 ,all ! rec5t ,g]man lit]ature relat+ to ,turkey af=ds pro( ( ! t5d5cy4 ,an ord9>y book ( travels is entitl$1 ,9 ,asia ,m9or1 by ,g]man ,railways4 ,9 8 ,pan-,g]manic ,atlas ,paul ,langhams gives a map ( ,g]man ,railways 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,s x is1 inde$1 a matt] ( ! organis$ conque/ ( ,turkey4 ,ev]y:]e & 9 ev]y?+1 ,turkey is be+ encircl$ by ! t5tacles ( ! ,g]man octopus4 ,com+1 next1 to ! nature ( ,g]many's aims aga9/ ,engl& & ! "p :i* ! ,baghdad ,railway 0 to play 9 _! atta9m5t1 we h ! frank confessions ( ,dr4 ,paul ,rohrba*1 an au?ority on ! subject ( ,g]many's ,weltpolitik1 & a travell] :o has paid f\r visits to ,asia ,m9or4 ,9 ,die ,baghdadbahn 7#bnd4 edition1 #aiaa7 he tells u t ,ludwig ,ross1 a pr(essor at ,halle :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) ,anatolia1 0 ! fir/ to po9t to ,asia ,m9or z a desirable place = ,g]man settlem5t4 ,at ! outset economic consid]ations 7 alone conc]n$1 & 9 ,bism>ck's day ,g]many's relations to ,engl& play$ only a m9or rle 9 h] =eign politics2 b 9 proportion z ,g]many's int]e/s 7 develop$ & h] soil no long] provid$ suffici5t food = h] p or suffici5t raw products = h] manufactures1 %e _h to look abroad = ! supply ( h] surplus ne$s4 ,9 s do+1 h[ev]1 h] int]e/s abroad might be endang]$ by ! ,briti% ,fleet4 ,h5ce ! necessity = a ,g]man ,fleet2 &1 al?\gh ! ,g]man sea-p[] might n be /rong en\gh1 by itself1 to attack & conqu] ,engl&1 x c\ld br+ c]ta9 consid]ations home to ,engli% policy4 ,dr4 ,rohrba* cont9ues3-- ,if x came to a matt] ( w> ) ,engl&1 x w\ld be = ,g]many simply a "q ( life & dea?4 ,! possibility ( a successful issue = ,g]many dep5ds exclusively on "o consid]ation1 namely1 on :e!r or n we c succe$ 9 br++ ,engl& h]self into a dang]\s position4 ,t end c 9 no way be obta9$ by means ( a direct attack across ! ,nor? ,sea2 any idea ( a ,g]man invasion ( ,engl& be+ possible is a m]e phantasy4 ,"o mu/ seek1 !re=e1 ano!r comb9ation 9 ord] to assail ,engl& at "s vuln]able spot2 & "h we come to ! po9t :]e ! relations ( ,g]many to ,turkey1 & ! conditions prevail+ 9 ,turkey1 are f\nd to be ( decisive importance = ,g]man =eign policy4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 only "o means possible by :i* ,g]many c resi/ a w> ( aggression by ,engl&1 & t is ! /r5g!n+ ( ,turkey4 ,engl& c1 f ,europe1 be attack$ by l& & mortally w\nd$ only 9 "o place--,egypt4 ,if ,engl& 7 to lose ,egypt %e w\ld lose1 n only h] control ov] ! ,suez ,canal & h] connexions ) ,india & ! ,f> ,ea/1 b1 presumably1 also1 h] possessions 9 ,c5tral & ,ea/ ,africa4 ,! conque/ ( ,egypt by a ,mohamm$an ,p[]1 su* z ,turkey1 might1 9 addition1 h a dang]\s effect on h] #fj1jjj1jjj ,mohamm$an subjects 9 ,india1 besides be+ to h] prejudice 9 ,afghani/an & ,p]sia4 ,turkey1 h[ev]1 c nev] dream ( recov]+ ,egypt until %e controls a fully-develop$ railway sy/em 9 ,asia ,m9or & ,syria2 until1 by ! ext5sion ( ! ,anatolian ,railway to ,baghdad1 %e c resi/ an attack by ,engl& on ,mesopotamia2 until h] army has be5 increas$ & improv$2 & until progress has be5 made 9 h] g5]al economic & f9ancial conditions4444 ,! /rong] ,turkey becomes1 ! great] w be ! dang] = ,engl& if1 9 a ,g]man-,engli% conflict1 ,turkey %\ld be on ! side ( ,g]many2 &1 ) ,egypt = a prize1 x c]ta9ly w\ld be wor? ! :ile ( ,turkey to run ! risk ( fight+ ) ,g]many aga9/ ,engl&4 ,on ! o!r h& ! m]e fact t ,turkey _h increas$ 9 milit>y /r5g?1 _h improv$ h] economic position1 & _h an adequate railway sy/em1 w\ld make ,engl& hesitate to attack ,g]many2 & ?is is ! po9t at :i* ,g]many mu/ aim4 ,! policy ( support+ ,turkey :i* is n[ be+ foll[$ by ,g]many has no o!r purpose ?an t ( effect+ a /rong measure aga9/ ! dang] ( w> ) ,engl&4 ,f o!r directions1 besides1 simil> te/imony 0 =?com+4 ,! ,sociali/ ,liepzig] ,volkszeitung decl>$ 9 ,m>*1 #aiaa1 t ! new situation %ortly to be creat$ 9 ,asia ,m9or w\ld ha/5 ! break-up ( ! ,briti% ,empire1 :i* 0 already beg9n+ to tott] 7s*wank574 ,9 ,die ,neue ,zeit = ,june #b1 #aiaa1 ,h]r ,k>l ,radek said3-- ,! /r5g!n+ ( ,g]man ,imp]ialism1 ! fir/ success ( :i*1 atta9$ ) s mu* ef=t1 is ! ,baghdad ,railway2 ! victory ( ! revolution>y p>ty 9 ,turkey2 ! prospect ( a mod]n revolution>y movem5t 9 ,india1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be reg>d$ z a v diff]5t ?+ f ! e>li] scatt]$ ris+s ( individual tribes2 ! movem5t t[>ds nationalisation 9 ,egypt2 ! beg9n+ ( re=m 9 ,egypt--all ?is has rais$ to an extraord9>y degree ! political significance ( ! ,baghdad ,railway "q4 ,! ,baghdad ,railway be+ a bl[ at ! int]e/s ( ,engli% ,imp]ialism1 ,turkey c\ld only entru/ its con/ruction to ! ,g]man ,company because %e knew t ,g]many's army & navy /ood beh9d h]1 :i* fact makes x appe> to ,engl& & ,russia inadvisable to ex]t too s5sitive a pressure ^u ,turkey4 ,9 ! ,akademis*e ,bltt] ( ,june #a1 #aiaa1 ,pr(essor ,r4 ,mangelsdorf1 ano!r recognis$ au?ority on ,g]man policy & politics1 wrote3-- ,! political & milit>y p[] an organis$ railway sy/em w conf] ^u ,turkey is altoge!r 9 ! int]e/ ( ,g]many1 :i* c only obta9 a %>e 9 actual economic developm5ts if ,turkey is indep5d5t2 &1 besides1 any attempt to increase ! p[] & ambition ( ,engl&1 9 any case oppressively great1 is !reby effectively ?w>t$4 ,to "s ext5t1 inde$1 ,turkey's con/ruction ( a railway sy/em is a ?reat to ,engl&1 = x means t an attack on ! mo/ vuln]able "p ( ! body ( ,engl&'s _w-empire1 namely ,egypt1 comes well )9 ! b\nds ( possibility4 ,^! decl>ations & admissions r5d] p]fectly cle> ! reasons = ,g]many's pr(essions ( fri5d%ip = ,turkey & = h] desire t t c\ntry %\ld become /rong] & m p[]ful4 ,!y also leave no d\bt z to ! real purpose ! s\?-we/]n bran* ( ! ,baghdad ,railway 0 design$ to effect4 ,! conque/ ( ,egypt by a comb9$ ,g]man & ,turki% =ce 0 ! fir/ object to be accompli%$ ) ! help ( ! railway ext5sion to ! ,egyptian fronti] 9 "o direction & to ,mecca 9 ano!r2 b ,dr4 ,rohrba*'s sugge/ion t ! loss ( ,egypt by ,engl& w\ld entail ! loss1 also1 ( h] possessions 9 ,c5tral & ,ea/ ,africa has a fur!r be>+ on :at has be5 told 9 ! previ\s *apt] conc]n+ ,g]many's designs on ,africa z a :ole4 ,! /rategical railways 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa2 ! project$ ext5sions !re(--:5 circum/ances p]mitt$2 ! ,g]man ,ea/ ,african l9es1 & ! s\?-we/]n bran* ( ! ,baghdad ,railway 9 ! direction ( ,egypt 7 all to play _! "p 9 ! ev5tual creation ( a ,cape-to-,cairo ,g]man-,african ,empire4 ,if we n[ direct our att5tion to ! s\?-ea/]n bran* ( ! ,baghdad ,railway1 we are met by ! repeat$ prote/s made by ,g]many t 9 desir+ ! con/ruction ( a railway to ! ,p]sian ,gulf %e 0 influ5c$ solely by comm]cial consid]ations4 ,aga9/ ^! prote/s1 h[ev]1 !re are to be put v>i\s mat]ial facts :i* leave no room = d\bt t ,g]many's aims 9 ?is direction 7 o!rwise ?an exclusively economic1 :ile ev5 ! economic purposes :i* ! ,baghdad ,railway w\ld1 und\bt$ly1 h s]v$ mu/ h ev5tually l$ to a /r5g!n+ ( ,g]many's political position1 ?is1 9 turn1 help+ h] milit>y & /rategical purposes4 ,z orig9ally plann$1 ! port ( ,basra 7! comm]cial c5tre ( trade 9 ,mesopotamia1 situate1 sixty miles f ! sea1 on ! ,%at-el-,arab--! great riv] =m$ by ! junction ( ! ,tigris & ! ,euphrates--& op5 to ! %ipp+ ( ! _w7 0 to h be5 ! t]m9us ( ! ,baghdad ,railway2 & if comm]cial consid]ations _h1 inde$1 be5 exclusively aim$ at1 ?is t]m9us w\ld h answ]$ all requirem5ts4 ,no objection 01 or c\ld be1 rais$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t to ! con/ruction ( ! ,baghdad ,railway1 on ,turki% t]ritory1 z f> z ,basra4 ,9 ! lat] developm5ts ( ! s*eme1 h[ev]1 ,g]many & h] ,turki% p>tn] s\ght to ensure ! cont9uation ( ! l9e f its natural comm]cial t]m9us1 at ,basra1 to a political & /rategical t]m9us1 at ,k[eit1 on ! %ores ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,! ,ab5dpo/ 7,b]l97 voic$ ! ,g]man view :5 x spoke ( ,k[eit z ! only possible outlet to ! ,baghdad ,railway4 ,b ! ext5sion ( an av[$ly ,g]man l9e ( railway to ,k[eit w\ld h be5 a direct *all5ge to ! p>am\ntcy :i* ,great ,brita9 claim$ ov] ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,x w\ld h come into collision ) ,briti% policy1 int]e/s & pre/ige 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x w\ld h giv5 ! ,g]man & ,turki% allies an excuse = creat+ at ,k[eit a h>b\r1 ) :>ves1 docks1 w>eh\ses1 etc41 :i* might be conv]t$ into a naval & milit>y base capable ( s]v+ f> diff]5t purposes ?an ^? ( trade & comm]ce--^?1 namely1 ( a new l9e ( advance on ,india4 ,x w\ld1 9 comb9ation ) ! control already ex]cis$ by ! ,deuts*e ,bank ov] ! railways 9 ,european ,turkey1 h assur$ to ,g]many ! means ( s5d+ h] ,naval =ces or h] troops1 toge!r ) supplies & ammunition1 direct to ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 ei!r to /r5g!n h] fleet or to c>ry out any fur!r designs %e might *]i% 9 ! doma9 ( ,weltpolitik z affect+ ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,x w\ld h meant t1 z f> z ! head ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 at lea/1 rail-p[] w\ld h r5d]$ h] less dep5d5t on ! ex]cise ( sea-p[]1 on h] own acc\nt1 & w\ld h enabl$ h] to neutralise1 also1 z f> z ! said ,gulf1 ! sea-p[] ( ,engl&4 ,:at s fundam5tal a *ange 9 ! /rategical position might imply 0 well express$ by s em95t & imp>tial an au?ority z ,a4 ,t4 ,mahan1 :5 he said1 9 8 ,retrospect & ,prospect 7#aijb73-- ,! control ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf by a =eign ,/ate ( consid]able naval pot5tiality1 a fleet 9 be+ !re1 bas$ ^u a /rong milit>y port1 w\ld reproduce ! relations ( ,cadiz1 ,gibralt> & ,malta to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,x w\ld flank all ! r\tes to ! ,f>!r ,ea/1 to ,india & to ,au/ralia1 ! la/ two actually int]nal to ! ,empire1 reg>d$ z a political sy/em2 &1 al?\gh at pres5t ,great ,brita9 unque/ionably c\ld *eck su* a fleet1 x might well require a deta*m5t l>ge en\gh to affect s]i\sly ! g5]al /r5g? ( h] naval position4444 ,concession 9 ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 :e!r by positive =mal arrangem5t1 or by simple neglect ( ! local comm]cial int]e/s :i* n[ und]lie political & milit>y control1 w imp]il ,great ,brita9's naval situation 9 ! ,f>!r ,ea/1 h] political position 9 ,india1 h] comm]cial int]e/s 9 bo?1 & ! ,imp]ial tie betwe5 h]self & ,au/ralia4 ,"o is ?us l$ to ! conclusion t ,k[eit1 z ! t]m9us ( ! s\?-ea/]n bran* ( ! ,baghdad ,railway1 & )9 f\r days ( ,bombay1 w\ld h be5 z vital a po9t = ,briti% int]e/s z ! t]m9us ( ! s\?-we/]n bran* )9 ab\t twelve h\rs ( ,egypt2 :ile ! possession ( ?is fur!r advantage by ,g]many w\ld h be5 9 full accord ) ! proposition laid d[n by ,rohrba* & o!rs z to ! l9e ( policy ,g]many %\ld adopt = br++ ,engl& h]self into a dang]\s position4 ,) a view to safegu>d+ ,briti% int]e/s f any possible drift+ into ?is position1 z reg>ds ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 ! claim 0 rais$1 "s ye>s ago1 t ,engl& %\ld h entire control ( ! railway f ,baghdad to ,k[eit4 ,g]many did n see h] way to ass5t to ?is proposal2 b 9 #aiaa %e ann\nc$ t %e w\ld =go h] "r to con/ruct ! section f ,baghdad to ,basra on ! und]/&+ t ?is f9al section w\ld be complet$ by ,turkey4 ,by way ( comp5sation = ! concession ?us made by h] to ,briti% views1 %e secur$ c]ta9 f9ancial advantages & ! "r bo? to build ! ,alex&retta ext5sion & to conv]t ,alex&retta itself into practically a ,g]man port on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! precise value ( ! concession ?us made by ,g]many 01 h[ev]1 op5 to consid]able d\bt4 ,if %e c\ld succe$ 9 h] long-*]i%$ aim ( e/abli%+ a virtual protectorate ov] ,turkey1 !n ! fact t ! f9al section ( ! ,baghdad ,railway _h be5 built by ,turkey1 & n by ,g]many1 w\ld h become a matt] ( detail n likely to affect ! reality ( ,g]many's control4 ,! l9e to ,basra might h be5 nom9ally ,turki% b ! direct+ policy w\ld h be5 ,g]man2 & l conditions w\ld h aris5 _h ,great ,brita9 agre$ to all[ ,turkey--?\gh n ,g]many--to cont9ue ! railway f ,basra to ,k[eit4 ,9 ! wide scope ( _! aggressive purpose1 ! ,baghdad ,railway & its associat$ l9es c be/ be comp>$ ) ^? roads :i* ! ,romans1 9 ! days ( _! pride--! pride t came be=e _! fall--built = ! bett] a*ievem5t ( _! own aims z _w-conqu]ors4 ,ap>t f ! fact t ! roads n[ 9 "q are iron roads1 & t ! locomotive has sup]s$$ ! *>iot1 ! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ,roman & ,g]man is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! _w :i* ! =m] s\ght to conqu] 0 f> small] ?an ! "o covet$ by ! latt]4 ,! programme ( ,weltpolitik compris$ 9 ! ,g]man s*emes embrac$ n only c\ntries b cont95ts4 ,9 addition to ! aspirations *]i%$ z reg>ds ,europe1 t programme aim$ at ! ev5tual annexation to ! ,g]man ,empire ( ?ree o!r ,empires--! ,turki%1 ! ,indian1 & a new "o to be kn[n z ! ,g]man-,african4 ,x 0 fur!r to secure ! means ( s5d+ troops direct f ,g]many via ,con/ant9ople & ! ,baghdad ,railway to ! fronti]s ( ,p]sia = possible op]ations aga9/ t c\ntry 9 comb9ation ) ! ,turki% milit>y =ces1 ^! hav+ fir/ be5 br\ght "u ,g]man control4 ,! ,baghdad ,railway itself 01 9 ! same way1 & ) l support1 to af=d to ,g]many ! means ( ?reat5+ ,russian int]e/s bo? 9 ,p]sia & 9 ,trans-,caucasia4 ,x 0 to nullify ,engl&'s sea p[] 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 if n1 to a c]ta9 ext5t--?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t ( a new ,p[] at ! gate ( ,india--9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 z well4 ,x w\ld1 z ,mahan %[$1 h flank$ our communications ) ,au/ralia1 giv+ ,g]many an advantage 9 ?is direction1 also1 _h ,asia & ,africa fail$ to satisfy h] aspirations4 ,reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( its design$ effect on ! de/9ies ( nations1 on ! balance ( political p[]1 & on ! recon/ruction ( ! _w's =ces--all = ! aggr&isem5t ( a s+le p--! full programme mu/ be look$ ^u z ! mo/ ambiti\s & ! mo/ unscrupul\s project ( _w-conque/ t has yet be5 plac$ on record 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d4 ,= its atta9m5t1 h[ev]1 x cle>ly dep5d$ no less ^u rail-transport ?an ^u =ce ( arms2 & 9 ?is respect x repres5t$ ,g]many's greate/ attempt to apply1 9 practice1 t pr9ciple ( rail-p[] to :i* %e _h devot$ eight decades ( inquiry1 trial & organisation4 ,,footnotes3 #ge ,babyloni51 das rei*/e ,l& 9 d] ,vorzeit und das lohn5d/e ,kolonisationsfeld fr die ,geg5w>t4 #abh pp4 ,heidelb]g1 #ahhf4 #gf ,important ext5sions h be5 c>ri$ out s9ce4 #gg ,dr4 ,dillon1 9 ,! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,april1 #aijf4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,summ>y ,,& ,,conclusions ,z w h be5 ga!r$ f ! prec$+ *apt]s1 a prolong$ p]iod ( consid]ation1 prep>ation & application 9 _m diff]5t c\ntries ?r\gh\t ! _w1 prior to ! outbreak ( ! ,great ,w> 9 #aiad1 _h e/abli%$ c]ta9 def9ite facts & fundam5tal pr9ciples 9 reg>d to ! relations ( railways to w>f>e 9 g5]al4 ,^! may n[ be br\ght toge!r & summ>is$ 9 f\r gr\ps or divisions1 namely1 7,a7 ,advantages2 7,b7 ,conditions ,ess5tial to ,effici5cy2 7,c7 ,limitations 9 ,usefulness2 & 7,d7 ,drawbacks & ,disadvantages4 ,a4--,,advantages ,assum+ 7#a7 ! provision1 9 advance1 ( a sy/em or sy/ems ( railways capable ( meet+ all ! requirem5ts ( ! milit>y situation on ! outbreak ( w>1 or 7#b7 ! possibility ( con/ruct+ milit>y railways dur+ ! progress ( ho/ilities1 su* railways %\ld p]mit (-- ,a mobilisation ( troops & _! conc5tration at ! fronti]1 or at ! seat ( w>1 ) a spe$ t 0 impossible "u e>li] conditions4 ,simultane\s use ( diff]5t r\tes across ! national t]ritory = conc5tration ei!r on ! fronti] or at a po9t "s di/ance !refrom :]e ! conc5tration c be complet$ )\t fe> ( int]ruption by ! enemy4 ,sudd5 invasion ( neighb\r+ t]ritory by troops s5t 9 a succession ( rapidly-foll[+ tra9s direct f v>i\s po9ts 9 ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry :]e !y might h be5 conc5trat$ )\t ! k ( ! enemy1 ?is proc$ure be+ adopt$ 9 pref]5ce to collect+ at ! fronti] 9 advance a =ce on su* a scale z w\ld disclose prematurely ! int5tions ent]ta9$4 ,! possibility ( us+ promptly1 = ^! purposes1 ! full /r5g? ( ! c\ntry's available res\rces--! railway l9es 9 ! int]ior hav+ already be5 adapt$ !reto1 z well z ^? on or directly connect+ ) ! fronti]--) a proportionate increase ( ! (f5sive & def5sive p[] ( ! ,/ate4 ,! supplem5t+ ( increas$ mobility & cel]ity by decreas$ /ra9 on ! physical p[]s ( ! troops & ! avoidance ( su* inevitable r$uction 9 _! numb]s z w\ld result f ! trials & fatigues ( prolong$ m>*es by road 79 comb9ation ) ! c>ry+ ( kits1 etc471 %\ld railway l9es n be available4 ,a fur!r consequ5t increase 9 ! fight+ /r5g? ( ! army4 ,! possible atta9m5t ( ! p[] ( initiative ?r\gh an e>ly conc5tration ( l>ge =ces at po9ts ( /rategic importance ei!r on national or on enemy's t]ritory4#gh ,! c>ry+ out ( /rategical comb9ations on a scale or ( a "* :i* w\ld =m]ly h be5 impracticable4 ,employm5t ( railways = tactical purposes dur+ ! progress ( a w>1 includ+ !re9 7a7 movem5t ( troops f "o "p ( ! !atre ( w> to ano!r1 :e!r ) a view to effect+ big *anges ( front or o!rwise2 7b7 employm5t ( ! same ,army ,corps on diff]5t fronts 9 succession1 _! transf] be+ effect$ 9 ! briefe/ possible int]val ( "t2 7c7 ! rapid br++ up ( re9=cem5ts at a critical mom5t to "s position expos$ to ov]p[]+ attack :i* might o!rwise be lo/2 7d7 surprise attacks on ! enemy2 7e7 ! ?r[+ ( great masses ( troops on di/ant po9ts2 7f7 /r5g!n+ weak places 9 ! fight+ l9e2 7g7 /r5g!n+ ?reat5$ =ts by means ( troops1 guns1 munitions or supplies2 7h7 relief ( inve/$ =tresses1 & 7i7 retirem5t by rail--:5 circum/ances p]mit--( troops aft] defeat4 ,control ( a l9e ( rail communication betwe5 ! base & ! /rategic c5tre ( op]ations1 facilitat+ ! enorm\s am\nt ( transport 9 bo? directions :i* mu/ be kept up 9 ! re> ( ! army1 & = :i* ! elem5ts ( spe$1 safety & regul>ity may be ( vital importance4 ,! possibility1 ?anks to railways1 ( reg>d+ ! :ole int]ior ( ! national t]ritory z a base = ! supply ( requirem5ts at ! front1 dep5d5ce hav+ no long] to be plac$ on a base e/abli%$ 9 "o p>ticul> di/rict ) its re/rict$ range ( possible supplies & its collection ( magaz9es1 /ores1 work%ops1 transport p>ks1 etc41 protect$ by =tresses1 entr5*$ camps1 or o!r means ( def5ce4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( supplem5t>y1 sectional or advanc$ bases along ! l9e ( communication1 ) railway s]vices s arrang$ t supplies c be dispat*$ daily 9 su* regulat$ quantities1 & to su* po9ts1 z w s]ve ! imm$iate ne$s ( ! army 9 ! field1 )\t risk ei!r ( %ortage or ( excess4 ,avoidance1 "u ^! conditions1 ( conge/ion ( ! railway l9es 9 ! imm$iate re> ( ! army by tra9s or load$ wagons conta9+ a r$undancy ( supplies :i* 7a7 _c be unload$1 7b7 re/rict ! use ( ! l9es = o!r purposes1 & 7c7 might h to be ab&on$ to ! enemy 9 ! ev5t ( a sudd5 retreat4 ,mat]ial b5efits f ! sub/itution ( rail = road transport ( food1 etc41 by reason ( 7a7 great] spe$ & regul>ity2 7b7 less risk ( det]ioration f exposure to wea!r1 & o!r causes2 7c7 decreas$ co/ ( transport z comp>$ ) e>li] conditions involv+ ! employm5t ( a great] numb] ( driv]s1 escort1 gu>ds1 horses & road vehicles2 & 7d7 ! arrival at de/9ation ( ! full quantities dispat*$1 ! ne$ = ! consumption ( an appreciable proportion en r\te by m5 & animals 9 a convoy+ wagon tra91 c>ry+ supplies = long di/ances by road1 be+ non-exi/5t4 ,r$uction 9 ! ne$ = field ov5s & o!r p>aph]nalia ( ! army cook1 s9ce mu* ( ! food requir$--bread1 = example--c be prep>$ 9 cities or else:]e at a di/ant base & =w>d$ regul>ly by rail4 ,fre$om1 m or less complete1 f ! once preval5t obligation on ! "p ( an advanc+ army t x %\ld live ^u ! c\ntry--a condition :i* ! enorm\s increase 9 ! size ( armies to-day w\ld r5d] impossible ( fulfilm5t1 ev5 assum+ t ! p ( ! c\ntry invad$ _h n )drawn live /ock1 vehicles & food supplies on _! retirem5t be=e ! invad]4 ,9 addition to ?is provision = ! wants ( an army 9 its advance into ho/ile c\ntry1 ! safegu>d+ ( ! troops aga9/ ! risk ( _! becom+ a b& ( demoraliz$ m>aud]s1 w&]+ ov] a wide area to seek & appropriate food :5ev] !y c f9d x--z 0 ! case1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,napoleonic w>s--! ma9t5ance ( discipl9e & ! cont9u$ usefulness ( ! troops z a conc5trat$ body = ! milit>y purposes 9 view be+ fur!r assur$ :5 bo? m5 & lead]s are reliev$ ( anxiety z to ! cont9uance ( _! supplies4 ,! conduct ( w> at a great di/ance f ! base by reason ( ! facilities (f]$ = ! =w>d+ alike ( troops1 re9=cem5ts1 supplies & milit>y mat]ials1 ! value ( ev5 a s+le l9e ( railway 9 ! a*ievem5t ( ?is purpose hav+ be5 inconte/ably e/abli%$4 ,def5ce ( fronti]s by /rategical railways :i* may1 also1 become available = g5]al use4 ,inve/m5t ( cities or =tresses 9 occupi$ t]ritory :51 ow+ to ! lack or ! defici5cy ( food supplies 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 ! troops engag$ are ma9ly if n entirely dep5d5t on ^? br\ght to !m by rail f _! own base4#gi ,victuall+ ( cities be=e1 & _! revictuall+ aft]1 inve/m5t4#hj ,ext5sion ( l9es ( communication by means ( quickly-con/ruct$ n>r[-gauge siege railways to be op]at$ by motor traction1 animal p[]1 or o!rwise1 includ+ !re9 tr5* tramways = 7a7 removal ( w\nd$ m5 f ! tr5*es2 7b7 transport ( siege guns to tr5*es2 & 7c7 supply+ ammunition to batt]y4 ,transport ( heavy siege guns1 mort>s1 ammunition & o!r mat]ials ( a size or weight t w\ld r5d] impracticable _! conveyance1 :e!r s+ly or 9 ! aggregate1 along ord9>y roads1 ! railway (f]+1 9 ?is respect1 facilities = pond]\s transport comp>able to ^? ( ! /eam%ip1 ) ! fur!r advantage ( be+ able1 9 mo/ in/ances1 to take ! guns1 etc41 to ! spot or to ! locality :]e !y are want$4 ,mat]ial aid giv5 to exp$itions to c\ntries o!rwise devoid ( means ( communication1 by ! con/ruction ( milit>y railways4 ,employm5t ( arm\r$ tra9s :i*1 ap>t f _! usefulness 9 def5d+ railways aga9/ attack1 may1 z movable =tresses1 r5d] important s]vice 9 ! op]ations aga9/ ! enemy4 ,removal ( sick & w\nd$ f ! !atre ( w>1 & ! ensur+ ( _! di/ribution among hospitals 9 ! re> or ?r\gh\t ! int]ior1 ?us 7a7 avoid+ alike ! emb>rassm5t to ! army & ! _m dang]s & evils t w\ld result f _! rema9+ 9 ov]cr[d$ hospitals on or ne> ! battle-field2 7b7 giv+ ! m5 a bett] *ance ( effect+ a spe$y recov]y & return+ soon to ! ranks2 & 7c7 add+ to ! fight+ /r5g? ( ! army by ! comb9ation ( ^! two advantages4 ,facilities = giv+ a %ort leave to (fic]s & m5 :o1 ?\gh nei!r sick nor w\nd$1 h be5 s f> affect$ by _! /r5u\s ex]tions t !y /& 9 ne$ ( a re/1 or *ange1 = :i* !y w fight all ! bett] subsequ5tly4 ,dispat* ( prison]s ( w> into ! int]ior by tra9s :i* h br\ght re9=cem5ts or supplies1 ! army ?us be+ spe$ily reliev$ ( :at might o!rwise be a h9drance to its op]ations4 ,return ( mat]ial no long] want$ at ! front & con/itut+ imp$im5ta ( :i* x is desirable to get rid z soon z possible4 ,conveyance into ! int]ior ( trophies ( w>--includ+ plund]--tak5 f captur$ t[ns or cities4 ,retirem5t ( troops f occupi$ t]ritory on ! decl>ation ( peace4 ,b4--,,conditions ,,ess5tial ,,to ,,effici5cy ,9 ! matt] ( railway con/ruction !re %\ld be-- i4 ,uni=mity ( gauge1 toge!r ) physical connections betwe5 ! diff]5t sy/ems or sections1 9 ord] 7a7 t ! locomotives & roll+ /ock on any "o l9e c be us$ = milit>y transport on any o!r2 7b7 t mobilisation1 conc5tration & ! =w>d+ ( supplies & milit>y mat]ial c be facilitat$ by ! runn+ ( ?r\gh tra9s f any probable or possible po9t ( dispat*2 & 7c7 t troops c readily be transf]r$ f "o front1 or f "o "p ( ! coa/1 to ano!r = ! purpose ei!r ( attack or ( def5ce4 ii4 ,l9es l9k+ up ! int]ior ( ! c\ntry ) ! fronti]1 ) ! coa/1 or ) pr9cipal ports by diff]5t r\tes1 transv]se l9es connect+ !m1 9 turn1 "o ) ano!r4 iii4 ,d\ble track = all l9es lead+ direct to ! fronti]4 iv4 ,9 ! case ( s+le-track l9es cross+ cont95ts or o!rwise1 a lib]al provision ( pass+ places ea* capable ( accommodat+ ! longe/ troop tra9 likely to be run4 v4 ,on all l9es1 & at all important /ations1 a suffici5cy ( sid+s1 ) provision (1 or ! possibility ( provid+ spe$ily1 all su* facilities z may be ne$$ = ! prompt & effici5t h&l+ ( milit>y transports :5ev] ! occasion %\ld arise4 ,prep>ations 9 advance %\ld include-- i4 ,! c>ry+ out ( a s*eme ( organisation bas$ on recognition ( ! foll[+ pr9ciples3--7a7 ,t1 :ile ! railway is an in/rum5t capable ( r5d]+ great & ev5 incalculable s]vices 9 ! conduct ( w>1 ! work+ ( x is a highly-skill$ bus9ess only to be entru/$ to ^? possess$ ( ! necess>y exp]i5ce2 7b7 t int]f]5ce ) su* work+ on ! "p ( milit>y (fic]s n possess+ ! requisite te*nical k ( ! details & limitations ( railway op]ation may result 9 *aos & disa/]2 7c7 t railwaym51 9 turn1 are n likely to be fully acqua9t$ ) ! te*nicalities ( milit>y conditions & requirem5ts1 & %\ld n1 9 any case1 be left ) ! responsibility ( hav+ to decide betwe5 ! possibly conflict+ dem&s ( v>i\s milit>y au?orities2 7d7 t1 = ^! reasons1 !re %\ld be co-ord9ation ( ! milit>y & ! te*nical railway elem5ts1 op]at+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole s*eme ( organisation 9 its manifold details1 avoid+ conflict ( au?ority1 ensur+ h>mony ( work+1 & (f]+ ! fulle/ gu>antee t all milit>y requirem5ts w be met s f> z ! capacity ( ! railway1 toge!r ) a due reg>d = safe & effici5t op]ation1 w all[2 & 7e7 t effect c be/ be giv5 to ^! v>i\s conditions by ! appo9tm5t ( int]m$i>y bodies :i*1 repres5t+ ! dual elem5ts1 %all alone h p[] to give directions1 or to make dem&s1 9 respect to milit>y rail-transport dur+ ! cont9uance ( w>4 ii4 ,collection ( data conc]n+ ! physical "*1 res\rces & transport capabilities ( ! railways bo? 9 ! national t]ritory & 9 any o!r c\ntry to :i* ! w> op]ations may ext5d4 iii4 ,/udy ( all movem5ts ( troops1 etc41 likely to be necess>y on ! outbreak ( w>2 ! prep>ation ( special "t-tables = ! runn+ ( troop tra9s1 etc41 & ! work+ out ( all ess5tial details respect+ milit>y transport 9 g5]al4 iv4 ,creation & tra9+ ( bodies ( ,railway ,troops qualifi$ to und]take ! con/ruction1 de/ruction1 repair & op]ation ( railways 9 "t ( w>4 ,c4--,,limitations ,,9 ,,usefulness ,! usefulness ( railways 9 w> is limit$ by ! foll[+ consid]ations1 among o!rs3-- ,railways are inf]ior to %ips 9 p[] ( simultane\sly transport+ heavy loads 7,von d] ,goltz74 ,= ?is reason an ov]l& r\te to ,india c\ld nev] compete1 9 respect to milit>y transport1 ) ! sea r\te via ! ,suez ,canal4 ,su* ov]l& r\te1 also1 pass+ ?r\gh =eign c\ntries1 w\ld be especially liable to attack & int]ruption4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ! ov]l& r\te goes entirely ?r\gh national t]ritory 7z 9 ! case ( ! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railway71 & :5 ! que/ions ( "t & safety1 9 reg>d to an alt]native sea r\te1 sugge/ possible disadvantages1 railways w be pref]r$ to %ips 9 spite ( ! said inf]iority4 ,railways are inf]ior to roads 9 s f> z1 l riv]s & canals1 !y are on fix$ spots4 ,troops dep5d+ on !m are ?us able to move only 9 ! direction 9 :i* l9es h be5 or c quickly be laid1 :]eas if !y w5t by road !y might h a great] *oice ( alt]native r\tes4 ,= ^! reasons ! *oice ( ! zone ( conc5tration or ( ! decisive po9ts may dep5d less to-day on political1 milit>y or geographical reasons 7z 9 ! ,napoleonic w>s7 ?an on ! direction1 ext5t & capacity ( ! available railways4 ,great masses ( troops c be entra9$ only at /ations :]e facilities = _! s do+ h be5 prep>$ 9 advance4 ,! provision ( ^! facilities is ev5 m necess>y 9 ! case ( ,cavalry or ,artill]y ?an 9 t ( ,infantry4 ,h5ce ! movem5t ( consid]able bodies ( troops may be re/rict$ to c]ta9 l9es1 & _! entra9m5t or detra9m5t ev5 to c]ta9 l>ge /ations4 ,9 ! case ( road m>*+ ^! re/rictions w\ld n apply4 ,vehicles specially con/ruct$ = ! purpose c alone be us$ on railways4 ,any defici5cy 9 _! supply mu/ ne$s cause delay4 ,dur+ ! "t ! troops are travell+ by railway _! p[] ( resi/+ attack is mu* m re/rict$ ?an x w\ld be if !y 7 m>*+ by road1 !y c d little or no?+ to protect ! railway l9es1 :ile if ! enemy c only get to ! railway he may be 9 a position to prev5t ! tra9 f cont9u+ its j\rney1 & take ! troops 9 x at a disadvantage4 ,= ^! reasons1 among o!rs1 troop movem5ts by rail at ! !atre ( w>1 & especially 9 ! enemy's c\ntry1 are att5d$ by a degree ( risk :i* may r5d] x desirable to ab&on ! use ( ! railway = ! "t be+4 ,railways are especially liable to de/ruction by ! enemy1 &1 al?\gh ! arrangem5ts made 9 advance may p]mit ( spe$y repairs or recon/ruction1 ! int]ruption ( traffic = ev5 a day or half a day may be a matt] ( grave importance dur+ ! conc5tration ( ! army or at "s critical mom5t4 ,de/ructions ( l9e c>ri$ out by a retreat+ =ce1 9 ord] to delay pursuit by ! enemy1 w be to ! disadvantage ( t =ce :51 aft] hav+ driv5 back ! enemy1 x w\ld itself make use ( ! l9e x _h r5d]$ uns]viceable4 ,dep5d5ce on ! railway = ! transport ( consid]able bodies ( troops on %ort j\rneys--say = tw5ty1 tw5ty-five or ?irty miles--is r5d]$ inexp$i5t by ! fact t1 :5 all[ance is made = ! "t likely to be tak51 n only on ! j\rney1 b 9 ! assembl+ at ! /ation1 9 ! entra9+ & detra9+ 7p]haps at "s place devoid ( adequate plat=m or sid+ accommodation71 & 9 ! m>* f ! arrival /ation to de/9ation1 x may well be f\nd t ! troops c\ld cov] ! di/ance 9 less "t by road1 ap>t f ! consid]ation1 sugge/$ above1 z to _! be+ 9 a bett] position1 :5 m>*+1 to resi/ attack4 ,exp]ts 9 all c\ntries h /udi$ ?is "q ) a view to decid+1 on ! basis ( _! national conditions1 )9 :at limit x w\ld be bett] = troops to m>* by road 9 pref]5ce to go+ by rail4 ,= reasons ak9 to ^? "h /at$1 supplem5t$ by ! rec5t great expansion ( motor transport1 less has be5 he>d ( late conc]n+ ! propos$ con/ruction 9 ?is c\ntry ( /rategical railways along a coa/-l9e rem>kable = its s9uosities1 & pres5t+1 !re=e1 an exceptional position f ! po9t ( view ( coa/ railways = purely def5sive purposes4 ,z reg>ds long-di/ance j\rneys1 :il/ armies m>*+ by road h (t5 be5 mat]ially r$uc$ 9 proportions by ! numb] ( m5 fall+ out ow+ to lam5ess1 exhau/ion1 or o!r causes1 ^? :o rea*$ ! !atre ( w>1 repres5t+ ! survival ( ! fitte/1 7 bett] able to endure ! trials & fatigues ( ! subsequ5t campaign ?an if !y c\ld h made ! j\rney by rail "u conditions involv+ no /ra91 b af=d+ !m no su* ex]cise & /r5g!n+ ( _! physical p[]s4#ha ,exp]i5ce has fur!r %[n t exceptionally long railway j\rneys may h a prejudicial effect ^u troops f ! po9t ( view1 also1 ( ma9t5ance ( discipl9e4#hb ,! s]vices r5d]$ by railways 9 w> relate mu* m to /rategy ?an to tactics4 ,great masses ( troops & munitions1 br\ght f all p>ts ( ! int]ior1 may be convey$ readily & safely by rail to p>ticul> po9ts 9 ! !atre ( w>2 b ! possibility ( effect+ _! transport by rail f "o po9t to ano!r on ! battle-field :5 ! oppos+ =ces are 9 actual contact is subject to _m re/rictions & con/itutes a mu* m difficult und]tak+4 ,! imp]ative ne$ = gu>d+ a long l9e ( railway communications1 m especially 9 occupi$ t]ritory1 may lead to ! )drawal ( a consid]able numb] ( m5 f ! ma9 army1 weak5+ ! /r5g? ( ! available fight+ =ce proportionately4 ,d4--,,drawbacks ,,& ,,disadvantages ,:ile1 not)/&+ ! conditions to be obs]v$ & ! limitations to be exp]i5c$1 ! balance ( advantage conf]r$ by railways on ! conduct ( w> may appe> s pron\nc$1 f a milit>y & a political po9t ( view1 !re is a d>k] side to ! /ory1 z reg>ds ! _w at l>ge1 :i* mu/ also be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,if railways h increas$ ! p[] ( def5d+ a c\ntry aga9/ invasion !y h1 also1 increas$ enorm\sly ! p[] ( aggression at ! comm& ( an invad]4 ,!y (f] va/ly great] facilities to milit>y ,p[]s = ! mak+ ( sudd5 attacks on neighb\r+ c\ntries--!mselves1 x may be1 9 a /ate ( m or less unprep>$ness4 ,!y af=d ! opportunity = ov]:elm+ weak] ,p[]s by means ( armies mobilis$ & conc5trat$ 9 ! int]ior & p\r$ on to or across ! fronti] 9 an endless succession ( tra9s foll[+ "o ano!r ) su* rapidity t ! initial movem5t may1 9 "s in/ances1 be c>ri$ out )9 ! %ort space ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,!y p]mit ( ! prosecution ( w> at di/ances :i*1 b = ! means (f]$ = milit>y transport by rail1 w\ld r5d] w> impracticable4 ,!y all[ ( w> be+ c>ri$ on betwe5 a numb] ( nations at "o & ! same "t1 ?us spread+ ! area ov] :i* ! conflicts ( to-day may ext5d4 ,!y enc\rage ! *]i%+ ( designs ( _w-p[] & dreams ( univ]sal conque/4 ,!y h add$ to ! horrors ( w> by facilitat+ ! transport & ! employm5t ( ! mo/ t]rible eng9es ( w>4 ,!y h r5d]$ possible ! c>ry+ (f ( plund] f an occupi$ t]ritory to an ext5t :i* w\ld be impossible if ! invad]s _h to dep5d on ord9>y road vehicles = _! means ( transport4 ,!y h br\ght fre% risks & dang]s ^u civil populations1 ! ma9t5ance ( l9es ( rail communication be+ a matt] ( su* p>am\nt importance to an invad] t ! sev]e/ measures may be adopt$ by him t[>ds ! community 9 g5]al z a means ( t]roris+ !m & ensur+ ! security ( ! railway l9es4 ,:at1 9 effect1 c\nt z advantages 9 "o direction may be ! grave/ ( disadvantages 9 ano!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su*1 = attack or = def5ce1 = good or = evil1 is ! nature1 & su* are ! possibilities1 ( t rail-p[] 9 w>f>e :i*1 aft] eighty ye>s ( cont9u\s evolution1 01 9 ! ,w> ( ! ,nations impos$ on mank9d 9 #aiad1 to und]go a developm5t & an application on a wid]1 m impressive1 & m t]rible scale ?an ! _w _h ev] se5 be=e4 ,,footnotes3 #gh ,von ,moltke is report$ to h said on "o occasion 9 ! ,rei*/ag3 ,our ,great ,g5]al ,/aff is s mu* p]suad$ ( ! advantages to be d]iv$ f obta9+ ! initiative at ! outset ( a w> t x pref]s to con/ruct railways r ?an =ts4 ,an additional railway1 cross+ ! :ole c\ntry1 makes a diff]5ce ( two days 9 ! assembl+ ( ! army1 & advances ! op]ations proportionately4 ,9 ! conc5tration ( armies1 says von d] ,goltz 9 ,! ,conduct ( ,w>1 we reckon almo/ by h\rs4 #gi ,)\t railroads1 x is said1 ! siege ( ,p>is w\ld h be5 impossible 7,bigel['s ,pr9ciples ( ,/rategy74 ,dur+ ! siege ( ,p>is "o railway = "s "t f$ ! ,g]man army (1 9 r\nd numb]s1 #bjj1jjj m51 br\ght up ! siege mat]ials & re9=cem5ts av]ag+ #b1jjj to #c1jjj m5 a day1 & ev51 at "o "t1 f$ ,pr9ce ,fr$]ick ,*>les' army1 z well1 ) v slight assi/ance f ! exhau/$ !atre ( w> 7,hamley's ,op]ations ( ,w>74 #hj ,dur+ ! ?irty-five days prec$+ ! inve/m5t1 ,p>is receiv$ by ! ,we/]n ,railway1 alone1 #gb1ddb tons ( provisions & #fg1gaf head ( cattle4 ,b = ^! supplies %e c\ld n h endur$ s long a siege4 ,9 ! revictuall+ ( ,p>is1 aft] ! siege1 ! railways1 ?\gh mu* re/rict$ by ! ,g]mans1 br\ght into ! city1 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty days1 #aee1iee tons ( provisions & #db1ehj head ( cattle4 #ha ,! railways sp>e ! troops fatigue1 rem>ks ,lieut4-,col4 ,tovey1 ,r4,e41 9 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,/rategy2 b x may be t :5 !y h to use _! legs aft]w>ds !re w be m fall+ out & lagg+ beh9d1 9 consequ5ce4 ,balck1 9 8 ,taktik1 says3 ,x is only 9 respect to ! important consid]ation z to spe$ t ! rail-transport ( troops is to be pref]r$ to road-m>*+4 ,! real advantages ( m>*+ on foot--:i* 0 =m]ly ! rule1 & _h ! effect ( 'sep>at+ ! *aff f ! :eat' & ( prep>+ ! m5 = ! toils ( fight+--are n c\nt]balanc$ by ! fact t ! troops arrive at ! !atre ( w> 9 _! full numb]s4 ,:5 "t p]mits1 m>*+ on foot is pref]able because x accu/oms ! m5 bo? to _! new equipm5t & to m>*+ 9 l>ge bodies4 ,aft] a long railway j\rney--on :i* ! feet w h swoll5 & ! new boots w h be5 especially tr\blesome--m>*+ becomes p>ticul>ly irksome1 & ! fall+ out ( footsore m5 is v consid]able4 ,x is1 nev]!less1 ! almo/ inv>iable rule t ! troops %all beg9 _! m>*+ imm$iately !y get to ! end ( ! rail j\rney1 s9ce x may be a matt] ( great importance t ! /ation at :i* !y detra9 %\ld be cle>$ aga9 z soon z possible4 #hb ,9 allud+ to ! conditions "u :i* ,russian re9=cem5ts 7 s5t to ,man*uria dur+ ! ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 ,g5]al ,kuropatk9 writes 7,! ,russian ,army & ! ,japanese ,w>73 ,9 =m] days troops _h to make long m>*es 9 full s]vice ord] be=e !y rea*$ ! battle-field4 ,if prop]ly conduct$ ^! m>*es h>d5$ ! m51 & enabl$ units to settle d[n2 all sup]flu\s luggage 0 disc>d$2 ! weak] m5 7 left beh9d2 ! (fic]s & m5 got to "k "o ano!r4 ,b1 n[adays1 ) railway transport1 ! results are v diff]5t4 ,go+ to ! ,f> ,ea/1 our m5 7 cr[d$ 9 railway c>riages = z long z =ty days at a "t1 out ( ! control ( _! (fic]s1 :o 7 9 diff]5t comp>tm5ts4 ,9 ! old & well-discipl9$ units 9 p>ticul> no h>m 0 done2 b 9 ! case ( newly-=m$ units 444 x 0 mo/ h>mful4 ,app5dix ,,indian ,,fronti] ,,railways ,on ! nor?-we/ fronti] ( ,india ! pla9s ( ! ,punjab are sep>at$ f ! great c5tral valley ( ,afghani/an1 f ! des]ts ( ,balu*i/an1 & f ! ,russian ,empire on ! nor? !re(1 by ranges ( m\nta9s1 o!rwise a gridiron ( /up5d\s ridges & furr[s1 int]sect$ by passes :i* h always be5 reg>d$ z ! mo/ vuln]able po9ts ( ! ,indian ,empire4 ,?r\gh ^! passes f ! e>lie/ days ( record$ hi/ory !re has come a long succession ( invasions in/igat$ by t incalculable weal? ( ,india :i* may well h inspir$ ! envy ( dwell]s 9 less fav\r$ l&s4#hc ,^! consid]ations w\ld alone suffice to e/abli% ! ne$ = an effective control ( ! m important ( ! said passes by ! ,p[] :i* ex]cises supremacy 9 ,india2 b ! obligation ?us devolv+ ^u ! ,briti% p z ! pres5t hold]s ( t supremacy has be5 increas$ 9 rec5t times by two fur!r factors--7#a7 tr\bles ) fronti] tribes2 & 7#b7 ! developm5t ( t ,c5tral ,asian ,"q :i*1 ?\gh n[ no long] acute1 01 n s _m ye>s ago1 a s\rce ( great anxiety 9 ,engl& & ,india4 ,fronti] tr\bles gave rise to a numb] ( exp$itions to ,afghani/an f "t to "t1 :ile ! gravity ( ! g5]al situation 0 increas$ by ! once /eady advance ( ,russia t[>ds ,india--:e!r = ! purposes ( actual conque/ !re( or1 alt]natively1 = ! atta9m5t ( ! aim *]i%$ by ,russia dur+ ?ree c5turies = an outlet to a s\!rn sea1 su* outlet be+ s\ght via ! ,p]sian ,gulf on h] disappo9tm5t 9 reg>d to ! ,d>danelles2 ?\gh ,briti% int]e/s 7 conc]n$ 9 ei!r case4 ,?is comb9ation ( circum/ances1 ) ! possibility1 at "o "t1 t ,afghani/an might become ! !atre ( w> 9 a conflict betwe5 two great ,european ,p[]s1 inve/$ ) special int]e/ & importance ! provision on ! nor?-we/ fronti] ( ,india ( railway l9es :i*1 :e!r con/ruct$ to ! m important passes or go+ actually ?r\gh !m1 w\ld =m a ready means ( conc5trat+ ,anglo-,indian troops at su* places on ! fronti]1 or beyond1 z occasion might require4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! ,bolan & ,khyb] passes--! =m] lead+ to ,quetta & ,k&ah> & ! latt] to ,kabul--h m especially _h importance atta*$ to !m z ! two gates ( ,india4 ,proposals = con/ruct+ railways ?r\gh !m 7 advanc$ z e>ly z #aheg1 :5 ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir7 ,w4 ,p4 ,&rew1 *airman ( ! ,s9d1 ,punjab & ,delhi ,railway1 act$ z spokesman ( a deputation :i* wait$ on ,"l ,palm]/on 9 ord] to urge ! con/ruction ( 7#a7 a railway d[n ! valley ( ! ,euphrates1 improv+ our communications ) ,india by connect+ ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,p]sian ,gulf2 & 7#b7 railways ?r\gh ! ,bolan & ,khyb] passes1 n only1 z he urg$1 facilitat+ ! movem5t ( troops to ! fronti]1 b (f]+ alt]native r\tes by means ( :i* ! flank or ! re> ( an enemy op]at+ beyond or betwe5 ! limits ( ! two l9es might be ?reat5$4 ,mr4 ,&rew foll[$ up ) great e>ne/ness & p]sev]ance = _m ye>s 8 advocacy ( ^! views1 publi%+ a succession ( books & pamphlets1 & writ+ _m lett]s to ! ,press on ! subject4 ,su* advocacy _h1 h[ev]1 no practical issue1 &1 ?\gh ! argum5ts orig9ally advanc$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,euphrates railway lo/ mo/ ( _! =ce on ! op5+ ( ! ,suez ,canal1 ! consequ5ces ( ! neglect to provide bett] means ( communication ) ! nor?-we/ fronti] 7 well manife/$ 9 ! tr\bles ( #ahgh-gi-hj4 ,! refusal ( ! ,ame] ( ,afghani/an--:o _h already accord$ an o/5tati\s welcome to a ,russian ,embassy at ,kabul--to receive a ,briti% mission l$1 9 #ahgh1 to an ord] be+ giv5 = ! advance ( ?ree columns ( ,briti% =ces ^u ,afghan t]ritory1 ! r\tes select$ = ?is purpose be+ 7#a7 ! ,khyb] ,pass1 7#b7 ! ,kuram ,pass1 & 7#c7 ! ,bolan ,pass4 ,at ?is "t1 h[ev]1 ! sy/em ( fronti] railways :i* _h be5 advocat$ s long sc>cely exi/$ except on pap]4 ,! ne>e/ po9t ( railway communication ) ,afghani/an 0 !n at ,sukkur1 on ! ,indus4 ,an ext5sion across ! ,s9d des]t to ! entrance to ! ,bolan ,pass _h be5 survey$1 & a v %ort section _h be5 laid2 b 9 _! advance on ,k&ah> ,sir ,donald ,/ew>t & 8 =ce _h to m>* all ! way f ! ,indus1 exp]i5c+ great trials 9 cross+ ! int]v5+ des]t1 :]e _m ( ! m5 lo/ _! lives4 ,! "w ( con/ruct+ ?is des]t railway--:i* pres5t$ no eng9e]+ difficulty--0 n[ tak5 actively 9 h&1 & ! l9e 0 available = ! troops on _! return4 ,success att5d$ ! exp$ition ( #ahgh s f> z x l$ to ! flight ( ,%]e ,ali1 ! occupation ( ,k&ah> by ,sir ,donald ,/ew>t1 ! control by ! ,briti% ( ! ?ree ma9 highways betwe5 ,india & ,afghani/an1 & ! sign+ ( ! treaty ( ,g&amak2 b ! murd] ( ,sir ,l\is ,cavagn>i & 8 /aff at ,kabul1 9 ,septemb]1 #ahgi1 r5d]$ necess>y ! s5d+ ( a fur!r exp$ition1 ,g5]al ,sir ,fr$]ick 7aft]w>ds ,"l7 ,rob]ts be+ direct$ to proce$ ) a ,briti% =ce by ! ,kuram r\te to ,kabul4 ,!reupon ! :ole "q ( transport facilities 0 reviv$ afre%1 &1 al?\gh ! exp$ition itself 0 a conspicu\s success1 delays & commiss>iat difficulties arose :i* might h be5 avoid$ _h bett] railway facilities be5 available4#hd ,! t]m9us1 at t "t1 ( ! ,punjab ,/ate ,railway 0 at ,jhelum1 sev5ty miles f ,rawal ,p9di1 #ahj f ,pe%aw>1 & #bfj f ,?al1 ! fronti] po/ ( ! ,kuram pass2 & 9 spite ( ! vigor\s ef=ts made1 betwe5 #ahgh & #ahhj1 to ext5d ! l9e1 ,jhelum rema9$ ! actual railway base ?r\gh\t1 no mat]ial assi/ance be+ ga9$ f ! tw5ty miles ( ext5sion :i*1 ow+ to ! great eng9e]+ difficulties pres5t$ by innum]able rav9es1 c\ld alone be c>ri$ out dur+ t p]iod4 ,comm5t+ on ! pa9fully sl[ progress be+ made by ! ,khyb] column1 ,! ,times ( ,octob] #ac1 #ahgi1 rem>k$3-- ,x is n[ upw>ds ( a qu>t] ( a c5tury s9ce ! *airman ( ! ,s9d railway comm5c$ to broa* ! idea ( connect+ ! ,khyb] & ,bolan passes ) ! railway sy/em ( ,india4 ,= m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury he has unsp>+ly advocat$ ^! views4444 ,_h ! views s p]si/5tly advocat$ by ,mr4 ,&rew1 & s repeat$ly br\ght =w>d by u1 be5 adopt$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! /ruggle la/ ,octob]1 z we !n v5tur$ to insi/ ^u1 va/ sums w\ld h be5 sp>$ 9 ! hire ( transport1 & we %\ld h be5 sp>$ ! ignom9y ( feel+ t a ,briti% army1 nom9ally on active s]vice1 has occupi$ five weeks 9 cov]+ less ?an sev5ty miles4 ,rawal ,p9di--"o ( ! mo/ important /rategical po9ts 9 ,india--0 n rea*$ by ! railway until ,octob]1 #ahhj1 by :i* "t ! ,afghan ,w> ( #ahgh-hj _h be5 br\ght to a close2 & ! fur!r ext5sion ( ! ,indian railway sy/em to ,pe%aw>1--ano!r position ( ! utmo/ /rategic importance1 situate t5 miles f ! entrance to ! ,khyb] ,pass1 & #aij f ,kabul--0 effect$ by ,may1 #ahhc4 ,f a milit>y po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 /ill great] importance 0 atta*$1 at t "t1 to ! secur+ ( rail communication ?r\gh ! ,bolan ,pass to ,quetta & ,pi%9 9 ! direction ( ,k&ah>1 ?is be+ ! r\te by :i*1 x 0 ?\ght1 ! ,russians w\ld be c]ta9 to attempt _! invasion ( ,india1--if !y %\ld und]take "o at all4 ,surveys = an ext5sion ( ! ,sukkur-,sibi des]t l9e to ,pi%9 7 made :il/ t l9e 0 "u con/ruction1 & e>ly 9 #ahhj ! ,gov]nm5t gave directions t ! ext5sion 0 to be proce$$ )2 ?\gh !y decid$ t ! r\te to be tak5 f ,sibi %\ld be ?r\gh ! ,hurnai ,pass 9 pref]5ce to ! ,bolan r\te1 ! =m] be+ reg>d$ z pref]able = ! broad-gauge l9e 7#e ft4 #f 947 ) :i* ! ,k&ah> ,/ate ,railway1 z x 0 to be call$1 w\ld be provid$4 ,arrangem5ts 7 at once made = collect+ ! necess>y mat]ials & = c>ry+ ?r\gh ! "w ) ! lea/ possible delay2 b fur!r progress 0 *eck$1 9 ,july1 #ahhj1 by ! disa/] at ,maiw&4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,octob] ! ,glad/one ,gov]nm5t1 :o _h succe$$ ! ,beaconsfield ,adm9i/ration & _h1 app>5tly1 resolv$ ^u a complete rev]sal ( ! ,indian policy ( _! pr$ecessors1 foll[$ up an e>li] ann\ncem5t ( _! int5tion to )draw f ,k&ah> by giv+ ord]s = ! cessation ( ! "w on ! ,s9d-,pi%9 railway4 ,maiw& hav+ be5 av5g$1 & "s refractory tribes subdu$1 ,afghani/an 0 completely evacuat$ by ! ,briti% at ! end ( ,april1 #ahha1 & ! con/ruction ( fronti] railways 9 ,india 0 dropp$1 = ! "t be+4 ,9 ! middle ( #ahhc came a reconsid]ation ( ! position4 ,russia 0 !n %[+ increas$ activity 9 ! direction ( ,m]v1 & ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t conclud$1 app>5tly1 t !y _h be5 too ha/y 9 ord]+ ! ab&onm5t ( ! ,k&ah> ,/ate ,railway s*eme ne>ly ?ree ye>s be=e4 ,s !y gave ord]s t ! "w %\ld be resum$2 ?\gh1 9 ord] to r5d] ?is volte face on _! "p less conspicu\s1 !y direct$ t ! und]tak+ %\ld n[ be kn[n only z ! ,hurnai ,road ,improvem5t ,s*eme2 t x %\ld be proce$$ ) quietly1 9 ord] t x might n attract too mu* att5tion1 & t ! sugge/ion ( a road improvem5t s*eme1 in/ead ( a railway1 %\ld be kept up by ! eng9e]s n be+ all[$ to h ev5 a tempor>y l9e ( rails = convey+ /ores1 mat]ials = bridges1 etc41 f ! base to ! passes4 ,?is la/-m5tion$ /ipulation meant t ! /ores & mat]ials _h to be ei!r transport$ on ! backs ( camels or dragg$ on :eels up /ream2 & x 0 e/imat$ t1 9 addition to ! great loss ( "t1 a sum ( n less ?an #a1jjj1jjj 0 wa/$ 9 ?is way be=e ! ord] prohibit+ ! use ( tempor>y rails 0 resc9d$4 ,a />t 0 made ) ! "w 9 ,octob]1 #ahhc1 & ! fact t ! ,russians 7 !n actually approa*+ ,m]v1 & t a sudd5 advance by !m 9 =ce 0 reg>d$ z probable1 l$ to ! lay+ ( great emphasis on ! ne$ = con/ruction be+ pu%$ on ) ! utmo/ vig\r4 ,:51 9 ,febru>y1 #ahhd1 ! ,russians did occupy ,m]v1 ! pressure br\ght to be> on ! ,eng9e]-9-*ief became /ill m acute4 ,!n1 9 ,may1 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t =mally ann\nc$ t1 ow+ to ! encroa*m5ts ( ,russia1 ! l9e w\ld be built4 ,! fiction ( a ,hurnai ,road ,improvem5t ,s*eme 0 n[ ab&on$4 ,h5ce=? ! l9e "u con/ruction 0 to be kn[n z ,! ,s9d-,pi%9 ,/ate ,railway4 ,f ! v outset1 h[ev]1 ! difficulties :i* cr[d$ ^u ,colonel 7aft]w>ds ,sir ,james7 ,br[ne1 ,r4,e41 an (fic] well exp]i5c$ 9 railway & eng9e]+ "w :o 0 entru/$ ) ! c>ry+ out ( ! s*eme1 7 unfav\rable to ! prospects ( spe$ 9 con/ruction4 ,! surveys :i* _h already be5 made 7 f\nd n only wor?less b mislead+4 ,! fir/ memb]s ( 8 /aff 7 unacqua9t$ ) railway "w & _h to be succe$$ by m5 br\ght f ,engl&4 ,! plant & mat]ials previ\sly collect$1 b dispos$ ( at scrap-iron prices :5 ! l9e 0 ab&on$ 9 #ahhj1 _h n[ to be replac$ at an almo/ fabul\s co/1 ow+ to ! urg5cy ( ! ne$ = !m4 ,all ^! 71 nev]!less1 m9or tr\bles z comp>$ ) ! physical conditions to be ov]come4 ,/>t+ f an elevation1 at ,sibi1 ( #cjj ft41 ! l9e 0 to rise #f1bjj ft4 9 ! #abj miles betwe5 ,sibi & ! summit level at ,ka*4 ,!n1 = ! great] "p ( ! #bbd miles to :i* ! l9e 0 to ext5d1 ! c\ntry 0 a wild]ness ( rocks & /ones--a l& ( b>r5ness & desolation1 :]e !re 0 no timb]1 no fuel1 sc>cely a blade ( grass1 &1 9 places1 = /ret*es ( sev]al miles1 no wat]4 ,x 0 a l&1 too1 almo/ devoid ( inhabitants1 :ile ^? :o did dwell !re 7 describ$ z a savage & blood-?ir/y race ( robb]s1 cont9ually engag$ 9 plund] & int]-tribal w>f>e1 & n gr[+ suffici5t food ev5 = _! own consumption4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ t 0 want$--includ+ supplies = f #ae1jjj to #cj1jjj work]s & mat]ials = ! l9e--_h to be import$ f a di/ance4 ,/ill less invit+ 0 ?is inhospitable region by reason ( its range ( climatic conditions4 ,! l[l&s h ! reputation ( be+ "o ( ! hotte/ corn]s ( ! e>?'s surface4 ,a temp]ature ( #abd deg4 ,fahr4 has be5 regi/]$ 9 ! ,n>i valley4 ,! highl&s1 9 turn1 (f] ! alt]native ( ,arctic cold1 ! temp]ature !re fall+ 9 w9t] to #ah deg4 bel[ z]o4 ,betwe5 ! l[l&s & ! highl&s !re is a temp]ate zone2 b "h ! con/ant pe/il5ce 0 dread$ no less ?an ! extremes ( heat & cold else:]e4 ,z ! result ( ^! conditions1 ! "w ( con/ruction c\ld be c>ri$ on 9 c]ta9 di/ricts = "p ( ! ye> only1 & ! work]s _h to be transf]r$ f "o section ( ! l9e to ano!r accord+ to ! season4 ,su* a movem5t ( front involv$ ! transport ( ev]y?+1--/ores1 tools1 (fices & "s ?\s&s ( m54 ,! managem5t ( ?is va/ exodus1 says ,capta9 ,scott-,moncrieff1 ,r4,e41 9 8 pap] on ,! ,fronti] ,railways ( ,india1#he 0 a "w ( consid]able anxiety & difficulty4 ,a sudd5 influx ( p1 su* z ?is1 into a desolate & b>r5 l& naturally caus$ a fam9e4 ,ev]y?+ 0 eat5 up1 & = "s days ! "q ( supplies 0 ! burn+ "q ( ! h\r4444 ,n9e hundr$ camel loads ( food 7 consum$ daily on ! works4 ,! cu/om>y load = a camel 0 #djj lbs41 b "s ( ! camels c>ri$ loads ( #hjj lbs4 up ! pass4 ,! eng9e]+ difficulties fell into f\r pr9cipal gr\ps1--7#a7 ! ,n>i ,gorge2 7#b7 ! ,gundak9 ,defile2 7#c7 ! ,*uppur ,rift1 & 7#d7 ! ,mud ,gorge4#hf ,! ,n>i ,gorge1 ab\t f\rte5 miles 9 l5g?1 beg9n+ j beyond ,sibi1 has be5 describ$ z "o ( ! mo/ weird tracks ?r\gh :i* a railway has ev] be5 c>ri$4 ,! hills1 absolutely b>e1 rise above ! valley = _m ?\s&s ( feet 9 fanta/ic p9nacles & cliffs4 ,x is a sc5e ( ! wilde/ desolation4 ,! ,n>i riv]1 runn+ ?r\gh ! gorge1 is =m$ by a comb9ation ( ?ree /reams hav+ b little wat] on ord9>y occasions1 b becom+1 9 "t ( flood1 a rag+ torr5t :i* fills up ! :ole gorge = miles1 atta9s a dep? ( t5 feet1 & has a velocity ( five feet p] second4 ,ov] ?is riv] ! railway _h to be c>ri$ 9 five diff]5t places4 ,n alone bridges1 b heavy embankm5ts1 cutt+s & tunnels 7 ne$$4 ,at "o po9t !re 0 an especially dang]\s tunnel 9 :i* s _m accid5ts occurr$1 ow+ to ro( or sides fall+ 91 t at la/ no workm5 w\ld ent] x except at a wage five-fold t ( ! high rate already be+ paid4 ,! :ole "w 0 liable to be /opp$ = mon?s toge!r1 ow+ to ! wa%+ away ( half-complet$ embankm5ts or bridges2 ?\gh until ?is portion ( ! l9e _h be5 complet$ no mat]ials c\ld be s5t to ! sections beyond4 ,9 ! ,gundak9 ,defile1 eight miles long1 two tunnels _h to be made ?r\gh "s mo/ trea*]\s mat]ial1 & f\r bridges _h to be provid$4 ,! ,*uppur ,rift is a *asm ?ree miles long 9 ! spurs ( a rocky m\nta9 =m+ an app>5tly insup]able b>ri]4 ,9 "t ( floods ! riv] atta9s a height ( f #cj to #dj ft4 ,! runn+ ( ! railway on a l$ge along ! side ( ! m\nta9 be+ impracticable1 ow+ to ! nature ( ! rock1 ! eng9e]s cut a l9e ( cont9u\s tunnels p>tly on "o side ( ! rift & p>tly on ! o!r1 connect+ ! two s]ies by an iron gird] bridge2 b1 in/ead ( con/ruct+ ! tunnels 9 ! usual way1 f ea* end--a proc$ure :i* w\ld h tak5 mu* "t--!y adopt$ ! exp$i5t ( driv+ op5+s 7adits7 into ! side ( ! cliff at v>i\s po9ts1 & !n cutt+ ! tunnel "r & left ( ea* ( ^! op5+s until ! v>i\s sections met4 ,! only way 9 :i* ! op5+s c\ld be made 0 by l[]+ m5 d[n by ropes sev]al hundr$ feet f ! top ( ! cliff until !y rea*$ ! po9t :]e ! "w = an op5+ 0 to be />t$4 ,!y !n drove cr[b>s into ! p]p5dicul> sides ( ! cliff 9 ord] to ga9 ! necess>y support = a plat=m f :i* ! bla/+ op]ations c\ld be c>ri$ on4 ,six ( ^! op5+s 7 made on "o side ( ! cliff & six on ! o!r4 ,z a sep>ate gang ( m5 c\ld op]ate at ea* x 0 possible to complete ! :ole "w 9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s4 ,altoge!r !re is a collective l5g? ( #f1djj ft4 ( tunnels 9 ! rift1 9 addition to a viaduct #ge ft4 high1 ) sev5 spans ( #dj ft4 ea*1 & a bridge hav+ an elevation ov] ! riv] ( #bej ft41 & consi/+ ( a c5tral span ( #aej ft4 & eight spans ( #dj ft4 ,on ! summit level1 tw5ty-five miles 9 l5g?1 came ! five-mile long ,mud ,gorge1--a n>r[ valley1 betwe5 precipit\s m\nta9s1 fill$ ) a soil little bett] ?an dri$ mud1 & ( su* a "* t sev]al bad slips ( road-b$1 c>ry+ away ! :ole ( ! l9e1 occurr$4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t ) all ^! difficulties--physical1 climatic & eng9e]+--to face1 ! con/ructors ( ! railway might h be5 excus$ any m2 b !re 7 o!rs besides4 ,9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 #ahhd1 ! troops & native lab\r]s employ$ on ! "w on ! l[] "p ( ! l9e 7 visit$ by an outbreak ( fev] & scurvy ( a virul5ce almo/ unprec$5t$ 9 ,indian exp]i5ce4 ,l>ge numb]s ( ! m5 di$4 ,9 "o gang ( #bjj ! av]age numb] ( dea?s 0 t5 a day4 ,( ^? :o surviv$ ! majority 7 s pro/rat$ z to be sc>cely capable ( do+ any?+4 ,sixty p] c5t4 ( ! ,sapp]s 7 9 hospital4 ,fre% troops1 to ! ext5t ( ?ree ,battalions ( ,pione]s1 7 br\ght on to ! "w2 b !y _h sc>cely arriv$ be=e--9 ,novemb]--!re 0 a sev]e outbreak ( *ol]a4 ,! ,afghans !reupon bolt$ to a man2 & !y 7 foll[$ by _m skill$ artisans :o _h be5 collect$ f v>i\s p>ts ( ,india4 ,additional lab\r _h to be obta9$ f ! ,ea/]n ,punjab1 b mu* "t 0 lo/4 ,:il/ ! eng9e]s 7 /ruggl+ to ov]come ^! manifold difficulties1 ! political situation 0 /eadily becom+ /ill m acute4 ,! climax seem$ to be rea*$ by ! ,p5j-deh incid5t ( ,m>* #cj1 #ahhe1 :5 a ,russian =ce "u ,g5]al ,kom>(f seiz$ ?is important /rategical position1 situate ne> ! junction ( ! ,khu%k & ,murghab riv]s4 ,on ,april #bg1 #ahhe1 ,mr4 ,glad/one propos$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons a vote ( #aa1jjj1jjj = ! purposes ( :at !n seem$ to be an inevitable w> ) ,russia4 ,! money 0 vot$ ! same night4 ,s ! urg5cy = complet+ ! l9e :i* w\ld n[1 probably1 h be5 available = use _h x n be5 /opp$ 9 #ahhj1 0 great] ?an ev]4 ,ord]s 7 s5t to ,india t ! "w mu/ be cont9u$ along all p>ts ( ! l9e reg>dless ( seasons4 ,)9 a week or two1 h[ev]1 ( ! w> vote at ,we/m9/]1 *ol]a broke out afre% among ! con/ruction p>ty 9 ,india4 ,by ! end ( ,may x 0 spread+ among !m l a rag+ fire2 :ile to ! *ol]a itself !re 0 add$ a heat s int5se t ev5 ! mo/ will+ ( work]s f\nd x almo/ un5durable4 ,"u ?is comb9ation ( *ol]a & excessive heat1 "w on ! l[] sections ( ! l9e 0 /opp$ altoge!r = a "t--,gov]nm5t ord]s & ,russians not)/&+4 ,all possible measures 7 tak5 to mitigate ! sev]ity ( ! epidemic2 b ! dea?-rate increas$ ) frightful rapidity4 ,"s ( ! be/ work]s1 ,european & ,asiatic--m5 :o c\ld lea/ be sp>$1 on acc\nt ( ! responsible positions !y held--7 c>ri$ (f4 ,dur+ ! mon? ( ,june no few] ?an #b1jjj di$ out ( #aj1jjj4 ,( ! rema9d] l>ge numb]s s\ght safety 9 flight4 ,_m ( ! m9or ,gov]nm5t (ficials1 su* z telegraph & ,po/ ,(fice cl]ks1 w5t (f 9 a body4 ,:il/ sickness & disease _h ?us be5 afflict+ ! camps1 fre% tr\bles _h aris5 9 ano!r direction4 ,e>ly 9 #ahhe ! di/rict 0 visit$ by a succession ( floods exce$+ 9 sev]ity any?+ kn[n !re = sixty ye>s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?ree mon?s ! ra9fall am\nt$ to #ai4bg in*es1--a total six times 9 excess ( ! av]age4 ,sev]al bridges & _m miles ( tempor>y roads 7 wa%$ away2 num]\s accid5ts 7 caus$2 camp+ gr\nds 7 de/roy$2 communications 7 int]rupt$2 food supplies became sc>cely obta9able1 & great delay result$ 9 ! prosecution ( a "w = :i* urg5cy 0 be+ s p]si/5tly dem&$4 ,! floods did n f9ally subside until ! end ( ,may4 ,nature hav+ done s mu* to imp$e ! progress ( ! und]tak+1 x only rema9$ = politicians & (ficials to d :at !y c\ld to foll[ h] example4 ,m5tion has already be5 made ( ! initial prohibition ( tempor>y l9es ( rails = ! conveyance ( /ores & mat]ials1 & ! loss ( "t & wa/e ( money involv$ 9 ! use ( camels in/ead2 b to ?is "o fact may be add$ ano!r1 namely1 t aft] ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief _h made 8 arrangem5ts to obta9 sleep]s f ! junip] =e/s on ! nor? ( ! l9e--?is be+ ! only timb] available 9 ! :ole di/rict--! ,gov]nm5t veto$ ! arrangem5t on ! gr\nd t x might1 possibly1 lead to qu>rels among ! ,afghan tribes4 ,! timb] _h to be procur$ f ,india1 in/ead4 ,h5ce m delay4 ,!n ! orig9al arrangem5t ) ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief1 t ! "w 0 to be c>ri$ out "u ! ,milit>y ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t1 & t1 9 ! int]e/s ( urg5cy1 he %\ld h a free h&1 0 *ang$ into "o :i* requir$ t ! "w %\ld be controll$ by a new memb] ( ! ,public ,works ,dep>tm5t1 :o1 x is alleg$1 int]f]$ ) _m ( ! work+ details :i* %\ld h be5 left to an ,eng9e]-9-,*ief1 &1 by 8 unskill$ & unqualifi$ control1 caus$ /ill fur!r delay1 toge!r ) mu* exp5se & confusion4 ,a good deal ( "t 0 lo/1 = in/ance1 be=e ,col4 ,br[ne c\ld get ev5 "s indisp5sable in/rum5ts & survey appliances4 ,especially p]si/5t1 also1 0 ,col4 ,br[ne's imm$iate sup]ior 9 dem&+ f him detail$ e/imates :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! unc]ta9ties ( ! eng9e]+ "w & ( ! o!r factors 9 ! situation1 x 0 impossible to prep>e :il/ ! con/ruction ( ! l9e 0 9 progress4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 ! en]gy :i* _h be5 %[n1 9 spite ( all ^! difficulties & drawbacks1 t ! "w 0 complet$ )9 ! two ye>s & a half fix$ by ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief at ! />t z ! p]iod 9 :i*--) money freely grant$--x c\ld be done4 ,on ,m>* #bg1 #ahhg1 an eng9e ran ov] ! l9e all ! way f ,sibi to ,quetta1 & ! ,hurnai ,railway 0 =mally decl>$ op5 = traffic4 ,9 ! meantime ! app>5t c]ta9ty ( w> ) ,russia1 foll[+1 especially1 on h] seizure ( ,p5j-deh1 _h l$1 9 ,april1 #ahhe1 to an ord] be+ giv5 = ! con/ruction ( a light railway f ,sibi ?r\gh ! ,bolan ,pass to ,quetta1 z an alt]native1 m direct & m quickly con/ruct$ r\te1 ( :i* use c\ld be made = a movem5t ( troops to ! fronti] on ! anticipat$ p>tial mobilisation ( ! ,indian ,army4 ,! lay+ ( ?is light railway con/itut$ ano!r notable eng9e]+ a*ievem5t4 ,runn+ ?r\gh ! he>t ( :at has be5 describ$ z "s ( ! bolde/ m\nta9 sc5]y 9 ,india1 ! ,bolan ,pass has a l5g? ( ab\t sixty miles & a bread? rang+ f "o mile to a space1 9 places1 ( only ab\t tw5ty y>ds betwe5 ! rugg$ m\nta9 walls :i* "h conv]t ! pass into a m]e defile4 ,! pass is1 9 fact1 practically ! b$ ( ! ,bolan ,riv]1 & is dry = ! great] "p ( ! ye>1 b liable to floods4 ,! tempor>y n>r[-gauge l9e 0 to be laid along ! riv] b$ )\t int]f]+ ) ! milit>y road con/ruct$ 9 #ahhb-hd z f> z ,quetta4 ,= ! fir/ =ty miles !re 0 a fairly good gradi5t2 b beyond t came a v heavy rise to ! top ( ! pass2 & "h1 at lea/1 any?+ m ?an a metre-gauge l9e w\ld h be5 impracticable4 ,! possibility ( con/ruct+ a l9e ( railway ?r\gh ! pass at all _h long be5 ! despair ( eng9e]s1 & ?is 0 ! reason :y ! ,hurnai r\te _h be5 decid$ on 9 pref]5ce to ! ,bolan = ! broad-gauge l9e to ,quetta4 ,un=tunately1 too1 ! climatic 7 ev5 great] ?an ! eng9e]+ difficulties4 ,! heat 9 ! l[] p>ts ( ! pass 0 beyond all description1 & *ol]a or o!r diseases c>ri$ (f ?\s&s ( ! work]s4 ,) ^! two l9es at _! disposal1 ! ,gov]nm5t 71 9 ! spr+ ( #ahhg1 q prep>$ = a conc5tration ( ,briti% & ,indian =ces 9 ,afghani/an1 _h ! political condition r5d]$ su* a c\rse necess>y2 b ! situation _h by !n greatly improv$1 ?anks to ! negotiations :i* _h be5 proce$+ ) ,russia = ! dem>cation ( fronti]s4 ,9 ,april1 #ahgg1 ! ,briti% & ,russian commission]s met at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 &1 z ! result ( /ill fur!r negotiations1 ! que/ions at issue 7 settl$ )\t ! appeal to arms :i* _h at "o "t appe>$ inevitable4 ,9 #ahib "s fifty miles ( ! ,bolan light railway 7 ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( ano!r r\te :i*1 avoid+ ! fir/ "p ( ! pass1 all[$ ( a broad-gauge l9e be+ laid f ,sibi ?r\gh ,quetta to ,bo/an ,junction1 :]e x connects ) :at is n[ kn[n z ! ,hurnai-,pi%9 ,loop4 ,a bran* n9ety miles 9 l5g?1 f ,quetta to ,mu%ki1 on ! ,sei/an trade r\te1 0 op5$ 9 #aije4 ,to-day ! ,s9d-,pi%9 railway1 ) its two sections1 via ! ,bolan & ! ,hurnai respectively1 has its t]m9us at ,new ,*aman1 on ! actual fronti] ( ,afghani/an1 & )9 sev5ty miles ( ,k&ah>4 ,a broad-gauge l9e ?r\gh\t1 x =ms "p ( ! railway sy/em ( ,india1 l9k+ up at ,ruk junction ) ! l9e runn+ !nce along ! nor? bank ( ! ,indus to ,k>a*i1 &1 by means ( a bridge across ! ,indus1 ) a l9e on ! s\? ( ! riv] :i*1 9 "o direction provides an alt]native r\te to ,k>a*i1 & 9 ! o!r connects ) ,calcutta & o!r lead+ cities4 ,! ,s9d-,pi%9 l9e af=ds1 9 fact1 a mo/ valuable means = conc5trat+ on ! ,afghan fronti]1 )9 a %ort di/ance ( ,k&ah>1 & 9 ! %orte/ possible "t a consid]able body ( troops collect$ f all p>ts ( ,india1 toge!r ) re9=cem5ts f ,europe1 l&$ at ,k>a*i4 ,z a /rategical l9e1 !re=e1 ! railway is ( exceptional importance to ,india & to ,briti% int]e/s 9 g5]al2 ?\gh !re c be no sugge/ion t x w\ld be us$ o!rwise ?an = purely def5sive purposes4 ,!n1 9 :at1 s9ce #aija1 has con/itut$ ! ,nor?-,we/ ,fronti] ,prov9ce ( ,india1 !re has be5 a consid]able ext5sion ( fronti] railways 9 rec5t ye>s1--all s]v+ important /rategical purposes4 ,f ,pe%aw>--#a1ebj miles f ,calcutta--!re is a broad-gauge ext5sion1 twelve miles 9 l5g?1 to ,=t ,jamrud1 at ! m\? ( ! ,khyb] ,pass2 f ,nau%ahra1 a cantonm5t tw5ty-sev5 miles due ea/ ( ,pe%aw>1 !re is a n>r[-gauge l9e to ,d>gai1 at ! foot ( ! ,malak& ,pass2 :ile among o!r l9es is "o to ,?al1 a milit>y outpo/ on ! extreme limit ( ,briti% t]ritory :i* s]ves also z a dept = ! trade ) ,nor!rn ,afghani/an pass+ ?r\gh ! ,kurram valley2 & "o to ,banu1 a g>rison t[n1 sev5ty-n9e miles s\? ( ,kohat1 built on a site *os5 = political reasons by ,sir ,h]b]t ,edw>ds 9 #ahdh4 ,a numb] ( o!r railways on ! nor?-we/ fronti]s ( ,india h be5 propos$4 ,:atev] may or may n be ultimately done 9 reg>d to ^! fur!r s*emes1 x is obvi\s t ^? already con/ruct$ h made an enorm\s diff]5ce 9 our /rategical position 9 reg>d to ,afghani/an & ! l&s beyond z comp>$ ) ! milit>y transport conditions ( #ahgh4 ,,! ,,def5ce ,,( ,,au/ralia ,) a total area ( #b1idh1jjj squ>e miles1 a population ( less ?an f\r & a half million1 & a coa/ l9e ( #aa1cjj miles1 ! cont95t ( ,au/ralia is peculi>ly op5 to attack1 & ! possibilities ( invasion1 or ( attempts at invasion1 h n only be5 mu* discuss$ !re ( late ye>s1 b !y h giv5 rise to s*emes ( l& def5ce 9 :i* ! build+ ( /rategical railways & ! adapt+ ( exi/+ l9es to /rategical purposes =m important factors4 ,"u pres5t conditions ,we/]n ,au/ralia & ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory are isolat$ f ! rema9+ ,/ates ( ! ,commonweal? s f> z reg>ds rail communication1 & are at ! m]cy ( any invad] :o might be able to l& a =ce !re un*all5g$ by ! ,briti% ,fleet4 ,s9ce ! autumn ( #aiab1 h[ev]1 !re has be5 "u con/ruction a railway :i*1 />t+ f ,kalgoorlie1 ! ea/]n t]m9us ( ! ,we/]n ,au/ralian sy/em1 w proce$ 9 a direct l9e = #a1jfc miles to ,port ,augu/a1 on ! ,s\? ,au/ralian sy/em1 ?us e/abli%+ ?r\gh rail connection betwe5 ,p]? 7,we/]n ,au/ralia7 & ! f>!/ limit ( ! ,que5sl& railway sy/em1 a total di/ance1 t is1 ( ab\t #d1jjj miles4 ,:5 ?is1 ! fir/ ( ,au/ralia's propos$ trans-cont95tal l9es1 is complet$1 x w be possible to s5d troops f ! ,c5tral or ! ,ea/]n ,/ates to ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 n only by rail1 b by a railway laid s f> inl& t !y w be safe f attack f ! sea4 ,!re w\ld ?us be a reasonable c]ta9ty ( ! troops arriv+ at _! de/9ation2 :]eas if !y _h to g by wat] !re might be ! risk ( ! vessels 9 :i* !y 7 mak+ ! j\rney be+ captur$ by ! enemy4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! ,kalgoorlie-,port ,augu/a l9e is expect$ to s]ve o!r ?an purely /rategical purposes1 x is1 9 effect1 ! latt] :i* claim fir/ consid]ation4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory1 9 an article contribut$ by him to ,! ,empire ,review = ,may1 #aiaj1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,w4 ,gisborne1 an au?ority on ,au/ralian que/ions1 wrote3-- ,?is va/ region embraces #ebc1fbj squ>e miles ( l&1 & lies close to ,asia1 ! mo/ popul\s ( ! cont95ts4 ,at pres5t x conta9s1 exclusive ( ! aborig9es1 b>ely "o ?\s& :ite p & ab\t twice z _m ,*9ese4 ,x lacks railway communication ) ! settl$ p>ts ( ,au/ralia1 & is completely isolat$ f !m4 ,its magnific5t h>b\r1 accessible to ! l>ge/ vessels afloat1 & con/itut+ ! natural gateway to tropical ,au/ralia1 lies1 save = ! ,briti% ,fleet1 absolutely def5celess4 ,beh9d x ext5d millions ( acres ( f]tile pla9s nev] yet till$1 & nev] likely to be cultivat$ by :ite h&s4 ,practically no indu/ry fl\ri%es 9 a region :i* c\ld support myriads ( agriculturi/s & op]atives4 ,t "s ( ! peoples ( cr[d$ ,asia may1 soon] or lat]1 seek a settlem5t = _! surplus millions on :at1 = !m1 w\ld be s desirable a l& z ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory1 ) its magnific5t opportunities = ^? capable ( work+ 9 a tropical climate1 is a cont+5cy t has be5 fully realis$ 9 ,au/ralia1 & ! que/ions h aris5 7#a7 z to :e!r ! pres5ce ( a ?\s& :ites 9 a region half a million squ>e miles 9 ext5t con/itutes su* effective occupation !re( z gives !m a "r to its exclusive possession2 & 7#b7 :e!r x w\ld be possible ei!r to prev5t ,asiatics f invad+ ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory1 if !y s\ght s to d1 or to eject !m !refrom if !y did4 ,! latt] "q raises 9 an especially int]e/+ =m ! problem z to ! respective m]its & possibilities ( sea-p[] & rail-p[]4 ,sea-p[] w\ld1 assur$ly1 h to be reli$ ^u = safegu>d+ ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory aga9/ invasion1 s9ce x w\ld be impossible = ! ,commonweal? ,gov]nm5t to /ation troops at e prospective l&+ po9t along #a1bjj miles ( a tropical coa/-l9e 9 suffici5t =ce to keep (f any invad] :o might appe> !re at "s unexpect$ mom5t4 ,= ! *eck+1 !re=e1 ( su* invasion1 dep5d5ce w\ld h to be plac$ on ! p[] ( ! ,briti% ,fleet 7#a7 to /op ! invad]1 7#b7 to cut (f 8 connections if he %\ld effect a l&+1 or 7#c7 to c>ry w> into ! invad]'s own c\ntry4 ,nor1 if any l>ge ,asiatic settlem5t--z di/9ct f an invasion 9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( t t]m--did take place 9 ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory "u conditions t might n call = ! int]v5tion ( ! ,briti% ,fleet1 is x c]ta9 t ! ejection ( ! settl]s c\ld be ensur$ ) ! help ev5 ( a trans-cont95tal l9e ( railway4 ,"h ! "q is n t ( ! c>ry+ p[] ( a s+le l9e ( railway4 ,! examples (f]$ by ! ,w> ( ,secession1 ! ,s\? ,african ,w> & ! ,russo-,japanese ,w> h well e/abli%$ ! great advantages t ev5 s+le l9es1 ext5d+ = great di/ances1 c conf] 9 ! effect+ ( milit>y transport4 ,! consid]ations t w\ld arise 9 ,au/ralia are1 r1 7#a7 ! fact t troops arriv+ at ,p9e ,creek or ,port ,d>w9 f ! s\? might h to make "s v long & v try+ m>*es across ! #ebc1jjj squ>e miles compris+ ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory be=e !y rea*$ ! settlem5t ( ! ,asiatics :om !y 7 to eject1 :ile !y w\ld be dep5d5t = _! supplies on a f>-di/ant railway base2 & 7#b7 ! d\bt z to :e!r ,au/ralia c\ld sp>e a suffici5tly l>ge body ( troops to und]take su* an exp$ition1 hav+ reg>d to ! def5ce requirem5ts ( h] s\?-ea/]n ,/ates1 ! integrity ( :i* w\ld c\nt z ( m vital importance ?an an ,asiatic settlem5t 9 h] ,f> ,nor?4 ,s !re are ^? :o ?9k t if su* a settlem5t 7 ev5tually effect$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory1 "u conditions n con/itut+ a casus belli1 ,au/ralia w\ld simply h to accept ! situation1 & reconcile h]self to x z be/ %e c\ld4 ,all ^! ?+s may seem to reflect on ! precise value1 f ! rail-p[] po9t ( view1 ( t direct communication :i*1 m especially = /rategical reasons1 ,au/ralia has hop$ ev5tually to obta9 betwe5 nor? & s\? z well z betwe5 we/ & ea/4 ,x is1 nev]!less1 desirable to see :at has already be5 done 9 ?is direction4 ,! con/ruction ( a nor?-to-s\? trans-cont95tal l9e1 pass+ ?r\gh ! v c5tre ( ! ,au/ralian ma9l&1 & l9k+ up ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory ) ! s\!rn & ea/]n ,/ates1 has be5 "u discussion = a p]iod ( ab\t =ty ye>s4 ,progress seem$ to be assur$ by ! ,acceptance ,act ( #aiaj1 "u :i* ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,commonweal?1 9 tak+ ov] ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory f ,s\? ,au/ralia1 agre$ to build a trans-cont95tal l9e connect+ ,oodnadatta1 ! nor!rn t]m9us ( ! ,s\? ,au/ralian railway sy/em1 & #fhh miles f ,adelaide1 ) ,p9e ,creek1 ! s\!rn t]m9us ( ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory sy/em1 & #ade miles di/ant f ,port ,d>w94 ,?is connect+ l9k w\ld h a l5g? ( #a1jfc miles1--! same1 by a s+ul> co9cid5ce1 z t ( ! ,kalgoorlie-,port ,augu/a l9e4 ,s9ce ?is b>ga9 betwe5 ! ,s\? ,au/ralia & ! ,commonweal? ,gov]nm5ts 0 made1 !re h be5 _m advocates ( an alt]native1 or1 o!rwise1 a supplem5t>y r\te :i*1 in/ead ( go+ direct f ,s\? ,au/ralia to ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory1 7pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tral ,au/ralian des]t17 w\ld l9k up--on _! we/--) ! railway sy/ems ( ,victoria1 ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,que5sl&1 connections ) ! new l9e be+ made by ^! ,/ates :]e necess>y4 ,?is ea/]n deviation r\te w\ld1 x is argu$1 (f] a great] /rategical advantage1 z comp>$ ) ! o!r r\te1 because if troops _h to be despat*$ to ! nor?1 !y c\ld m readily be suppli$ f ,melb\rne & ,sydney--:i*1 betwe5 !m1 conta9 ov] "o-f\r? ( ! entire population ( ,au/ralia--?an f ,adelaide2 :ile to s5d troops f ,que5sl&1 ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,victoria to ,s\? ,au/ralia 9 ord] t !y might />t on _! j\rney to ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory f ,oodnadatta1 w\ld involve a mat]ial delay "u1 possibly1 urg5t conditions4 ,?us x is e/imat$ t if ! ea/]n r\te 7 adopt$1 troops & travell]s f ,brisbane to ,port ,d>w9 w\ld only travel ab\t #b1bcd miles z aga9/ #c1fia miles via ,sydney1 ,melb\rne1 ,adelaide & ! c5tral ,au/ralian r\te f ,oodnadatta4 ,h[ ^! rival claims & cont5tions w be ev5tually settl$ rema9s to be se52 b !re has n[ be5 add$ to !m a project = ! build+ ( o!r av[$ly /rategical l9es1 e/abli%+ a m direct connection betwe5 ! ,kalgoorlie-,port ,augu/a trans-cont95tal l9e1 :5 x is f9i%$1 & ! capitals ( ,victoria1 ,new ,s\? ,wales & ,que5sl& respectively1 facilitat+ ! mutual def5ce ( ! ea/]n1 s\!rn & we/]n ,/ates 9 a "t ( crisis4 ,?is fur!r s*eme is1 h[ev]1 design$ only to supplem5t ! trans-cont95tal l9es already m5tion$4 ,z reg>ds ! ea/]n ,/ates & ! c5tral ,/ate ( ,s\? ,au/ralia1 ! "q ( an ,asiatic invasion may be assum$ n to arise4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 long be5 reg>d$ z possible t if ,great ,brita9 7 at w> ) "s non-,asiatic ,p[] able to *all5ge h] supremacy on ! seas1 ! enemy might make an attack1 n on ! admitt$ly vuln]able ,nor!rn ,t]ritory--:i* he w\ld n want ei!r z a colony = ,europeans or z a jump+-(f place f :i* to conqu] ! rema9d] ( ,au/ralia--b on "s po9t along ! coa/-l9e ( ne>ly #b1jjj miles :i*1 /ret*+ f ,rockhampton1 9 ,que5sl&1 to ,adelaide1 9 ,s\? ,au/ralia1 comprises 7) a ,h9t]l& ( "s #bjj miles7 ! mo/ popul\s1 ! mo/ weal?y & 7= non-,asiatics7 ! mo/ desirable section ( ! :ole ,au/ralian cont95t4 ,x is true t ,g]many--! ,p[] :i* claims fir/ att5tion f ?is po9t ( view--has %[n f> great] desire to conv]t ,africa into a ,g]man ,empire ?an %e has to effect ! annexation ( ,au/ralia4 ,yet t %e has recogniz$ ! weakness ( ! ,au/ralian situation is sugge/$ by ! fact t1 9 deal+ ) ! def5sive p[] ( ! ,commonweal?1 ,dr4 ,rohrba*1 "o ( ! expon5ts ( ,g]man ,_w-,policy1 & au?or ( ,deuts*l& unt] d5 ,weltvlk]n1 among o!r works1 has decl>$ t ,au/ralia c\ld n resi/ if h] f\r *ief t[ns1 all ( !m ne> ! coa/1 7 occupi$ by an invad]4#hg ,:i* ( ^! f\r t[ns1 or :i* p>ticul> po9t along ! said #b1jjj miles ( coa/-l9e1 an invad] w\ld select = 8 ma9 attack--ap>t f fe9ts else:]e--mu/ ne$s be unc]ta92 b ?is v fact only adds to ! imp]ative importance ( ^? responsible = ! def5ce ( ,au/ralia be+ able to move troops freely1 & )9 ! %orte/ possible p]iod1 ei!r f "o ,/ate to ano!r or f any place to ano!r )9 "o & ! same ,/ate1 z ! def5ce conditions might require4 ,:5 we ?us pass on to consid] ! "q z to ! use ( exi/+ l9es ( railway 9 ,au/ralia = /rategical purposes1 we f9d t ! mo/ notewor?y expression ( op9ion on ?is bran* ( ! subject is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ extract f ! ,memor&um :i* ,"l ,kit*5] wrote 9 #aiaj1 z ! result ( an inve/igation made by him1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,commonweal? ,gov]nm5t1 into ! ,def5ce ( ,au/ralia3-- ,railway con/ruction has1 :ile develop+ ! c\ntry1 result$ 9 l9es t w\ld appe> to be m fav\rable to an enemy invad+ ,au/ralia ?an to ! def5ce ( ! c\ntry4 ,diff]5t gauges 9 mo/ ( ! ,/ates isolate ea* sy/em1 & ! want ( sy/ematic int]ior connection makes ! pres5t l9es runn+ inl& ( little use = def5ce1 al?\gh possibly ( consid]able value to an enemy :o w\ld h tempor>y comm& ( ! sea4 ,! diff]5t gauges und\bt$ly con/itute "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s %ortcom+s ( ! exi/+ railways 9 ,au/ralia 9 reg>d to ^? milit>y movem5ts ) :i* we are "h alone conc]n$4 ,/rategical consid]ations z appli$ to rail transport require1 n only t troops %all be readily convey$1 :5 necess>y1 f "o "p ( a c\ntry or "o "p ( a cont95t to ano!r1 b t a mobilisation ( ! =ces %all be foll[$ by a mobilisation ( railway roll+ /ock4 ,locomotives1 c>riages & trucks on l9es :i* are n !mselves likely to be want$ = milit>y transport %\ld be available = use on ! l9es t w be s want$1 9 ord] t all ! roll+ /ock ( all ! railways 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry or ( ! ,/ates conc]n$ c1 at a "t ( possibly ! grave/ em]g5cy1 be conc5trat$ or employ$ on :atev] l9es1 or 9 :atev] direction1 additional transport facilities may be ne$$4 ,! importance ( ?is pr9ciple 0 fir/ recognis$ by von ,moltke2 b :5 ! railways ( ,au/ralia 7 orig9ally plann$1 ea* ,/ate took a m or less p>o*ial view ( its own requirem5ts1 its own geographical conditions1 or its own res\rces1 & adopt$ ! gauge :i* accord$ be/ !re)1 reg>dless ( any future ne$ = a co-ord9at$ sy/em ( rail-transport s]v+ ! requirem5ts ( ! ,au/ralian cont95t z a :ole4 ,s we f9d t ! #c ft4 #f 94 gauge has be5 adopt$ 9 ,que5sl&1 ,s\? ,au/ralia 7) a fur!r #fjj miles ( #e ft4 #c 94 gauge71 ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 & ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory2 ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge 7! /&>d gauge 9 ,great ,brita9 &1 also1 ( ov] #fe p] c5t4 ( ! _w's railway mileage17 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales2 & ! #e ft4 #c 94 gauge 9 ,victoria4 ,?is means1 9 mo/ cases1 t :5 ! fronti] ( a ,/ate is rea*$1 pass5g]s1 mails1 baggage & m]*&ise mu/ *ange or be transf]r$ f ! tra9s on ! "o sy/em to ^? ( ! o!r4 ,assum+ t ! we/-to-ea/ trans-cont95tal railway 7:i* is be+ built ) ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge7 7 n[ available = use1 a travell] by x f ,p]?1 ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 ?r\gh ,s\? ,au/ralia1 ,victoria1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 & ,que5sl& w\ld require1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ces 9 gauge1 to *ange tra9s at lea/ five times4 ,?is may be reg>d$ z an extreme case2 b ! evils ( ! exi/+ conditions are pres5t$ to u 9 a concrete =m by an e/imate :i* ! ,def5ce ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,commonweal? rec5tly made z to ! "t x w\ld take to move a =ce ( #cj1jjj m\nt$ troops f ,melb\rne to ,brisbane4 ,x 0 %[n t1 ) ! pres5t break ( gauge1 ?is op]ation w\ld occupy no less a "t ?an sixty-?ree days2 :]eas if !re 7 no break ( gauge tw5ty-?ree days w\ld suffice4 ,?us ! diff]5ces ( gauge w\ld mean a loss ( =ty days 9 effect+ transf]s at ! fronti]4 ,9 ?is "t mu* might happ5 if ! enemy _h obta9$ tempor>y control ( ! sea4 ,"u ^! conditions1 9 fact1 he w\ld be able to move 8 own =ces by sea = ! /ill long] di/ance f ,adelaide to ,brisbane 9 five days4 ,brisbane might ?us be captur$ by ! enemy :ile ! re9=cem5ts x want$ 7 /ill *ang+ tra9s at ! ,/ate b\nd>ies4 ,x may be ( int]e/ "h to recall ! fact t at "o "t !re 7 /ill great] diff]5ces ( gauge on ! railways 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 t 9 #ahhe ! ,am]ican railway companies resolv$ ^u e/abli%+ uni=mity z a means ( ov]com+ ! great inconv5i5ces due to ^! conditions2 & t 9 #ahhf1 aft] adequate prep>ation1 ! conv]sion ( practically ! entire sy/em ( railways 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge 0 effect$ 9 two days4 ,/rategically1 !re=e1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t c\ld n[1 n only s5d troops by rail f any "o "p ( _! va/ t]ritory to ano!r1 b utilise almo/ ! :ole ( ! available roll+ /ock = milit>y purposes4#hh ,unification ( gauge =ms1 h[ev]1 a s]i\s proposition = ,au/ralia on acc\nt ( ! prodigi\s outlay :i*1 ow+ to ! %ort-sight$ policy ( ! pa/1 x w\ld n[ involve4#hi ,! e/imat$ co/ ( conv]t+ all ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales & all ! #c ft4 #f 94 gauge 9 ,que5sl&1 ,s\? ,au/ralia1 ,we/]n ,au/ralia & ! ,nor!rn ,t]ritory to ! #e ft4 #c 94 gauge ( ,victoria is no less ?an #ea1fei1jjj4 ,to conv]t all ! #c ft4 #f 94 & #e ft4 #c 94 railways to ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge ( ! ,new ,s\? ,wales l9es w\ld co/ #cg1afd1jjj4 ,to conv]t to ! #d ft4 #h 94 gauge all ! trunk l9es connect+ ! capitals--& ?is )\t %ort5+ ! pres5t circuit\s r\tes or modify+ ! heavy grades--w\ld alone co/ ab\t #ab1jjj1jjj4 ,9 addition to ?is /ill undecid$ battle ( ! gauges !re are 9 ,au/ralia o!r disadvantages1 f a /rategical /&po9t1 9 ! exi/+ railway sy/em1 includ$ !re9 be+ 7#a7 an undue prepond]ance ( s+le ov] d\ble track1 s t any exceptional am\nt ( traffic causes a conge/ion :i* is likely only to be aggravat$ by new l9es con/ruct$1 or ext5sions made1 be=e ! c>ry+ capacity ( ! trunk l9es has be5 increas$2 & 7#b7 ! build+ ( l9es :i* ei!r lead n[h]e or h be5 expressly /opp$ %ort ( ! b\nd>ies ( a ,/ate 9 ord] to reta91 = ! railways ( t ,/ate1 traffic f outly+ di/ricts :i* w\ld pass1 by a mu* %ort] j\rney1 to ! port ( a neighb\r+ ,/ate if1 by means ( ?r\gh railway connexion1 ! resid5ts 9 ! di/ricts conc]n$ 7 free to avail !mselves ( _! geographical advantage 9 respect to _! ne>ness to su* port4 ,9 addition to ! ef=ts %e has already made1 or is propos+ to make1 to effect su* improvem5t bo? 9 h] railway sy/em & 9 h] milit>y transport facilities z may be practicable1 ,au/ralia has s\ght to provide = t effective organisation )\t :i*1 z exp]i5ce else:]e has fully %[n1 great & ev5 disa/r\s confusion may arise at a critical mom5t ow+ to conflicts ( au?ority & o!r tr\bles or difficulties 9 ! work+ ( su* railways z may be utilis$ = milit>y movem5ts4 ,! action tak5 9 ?is direction is bas$ on a fur!r recomm5dation made by ,"l ,kit*5]1 :o1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ,memor&um to ! ,commonweal? ,gov]nm5t 9 #aiaj said 7p>agraph #he73-- ,prep>ation = mobilisation is prim>ily ! "w ( ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 :o recomm5d ! l9es to be foll[$ & advise :]e1 & 9 :at quantities1 ! munitions ( w> ( ! v>i\s units %\ld be /or$4 ,conc5tration c only be satisfactorily effect$ :5 ! railway & milit>y au?orities are 9 ! close/ t\*1 & "w 9 absolute h>mony4 ,to secure ?is co-op]ation1 ,i advise t a ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil be =m$1 z is ! case 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 compos$ ( ! ,*ief ,railway ,commission] f ea* ,/ate1 "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al ( ! ,citiz5 ,=ces1 & ) an (fic] ( ! ,headqu>t]s ,/aff z secret>y4 ,a ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil = ! ,commonweal? 0 duly con/itut$ 9 #aiaa4 ,! ,c\ncil1 :i* =ms an adjunct ( ! ,commonweal? ,def5ce ,dep>tm5t1 consi/s ( ! ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al1 7presid5t17 ! s5ior (fic] ( ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps also creat$ = ! railway sy/em alike ( ! ,commonweal? & ( ea* ,/ate 7su* s5ior (fic] be+ ! ,*ief or ! ,deputy ,commission] ( ,railways72 ! ,consult+ ,milit>y ,eng9e] ( ! ,commonweal?1 & two repres5tatives ( ! naval & milit>y =ces1 ) a milit>y (fic] z secret>y4 ,! duties ( ! ,c\ncil 9 "t ( peace are1 g5]ally1 to furni% advice to ! ,m9i/] ( ,def5ce on railway matt]s1 &1 p>ticul>ly 7a7 to det]m9e ! me?od ( supply+ in=mation to1 & obta9+ x f1 ! diff]5t railway dep>tm5ts2 7b7 to sugge/ regulations & in/ructions = c>ry+ out movem5t ( troops2 7c7 to sugge/ ! me?od ( organis+ railway /aff (fic]s 9 "t ( w> to act z int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! v>i\s railway au?orities & ! troops2 7d7 to consid] ! "q ( extra sid+s1 load+ plat=ms1 etc42 & proposals = unification ( gauges2 & 7e7 to sugge/ ! organisation & sy/em ( tra9+ ( railway troops4 ,9 "t ( w> ! ,c\ncil fur!r advises ! ,m9i/] ( def5ce on que/ions ( mobilisation4 ,! organisation = milit>y rail-transport 9 ! sev]al ,/ates foll[s on ! l9es ( ! sy/em already adopt$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 z laid d[n 9 ! ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4 ,,footnotes3 #hc ,altoge!r !re h be5 tw5ty-six invasions ( ,india1 dat+ back to ab\t #b1jjj ye>s ,b4,c41 & ( ?is numb] no few] ?an tw5ty-"o h end$ 9 conque/4 #hd ,x has be5 /at$ t ! numb] ( camels employ$ dur+ ! exp$itions ( #ahgh-hj = transport purposes1 9 default ( bett] rail communication1 0 s great z almo/ to exhau/ ! supply ( ! fronti] prov9ces ( ,s9d & ,punjab1 :ile f #cj1jjj to #dj1jjj ( !m di$ ow+ to ! excessive toils & trials ( ! "w !y 7 requir$ to p]=m1 ! f9ancial loss result+ !refrom to ! ,treasury be+ e/imat$ at #bjj1jjj4 #he ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,vol xi1 #ahhe4 #hf ,life & ,times ( ,g5]al ,sir ,james ,br[ne1 ,r4,e41 ,k4,c4,b41 ,k4,c4,s4,i4 by ,g5]al ,j4 ,j4 ,mc,leod ,innes1 ,london1 #aije4 #hg ,see ,! ,orig9s ( ! ,w>2 by ,j4 ,holl& ,rose1 ,litt4,d4 ,cambridge1 #aiad4 #hh ,9 ! ,new ,york ,sun ( ,june #ah1 #aiaa1 !re 0 publi%$ an article :i* _h = its head+1 ,if ,troops _h to be ,ru%$1 ! ,railroads 9 ?is ,c\ntry c\ld move #bej1jjj ,m5 a ,day4 #hi ,! mileage ( l9es op51 "u con/ruction1 or au?oris$1 9 ! ?ree gauges1 is z foll[s3--#e ft4 #c 94 gauge1 #d1igi miles2 #d ft4 #h 94 gauge1 #f1afj miles2 #c ft4 #f 94 gauge1 #aa1gbg miles4 ,,bibliography ,! foll[+ li/ ( books1 pamphlets & articles be>+ on ! evolution & ! developm5t ( rail-p[] d[n to ! outbreak ( ! ,great ,w> 9 #aiad--?is alone be+ ! purpose & ! scope ( ! pres5t "w--0 orig9ally bas$ on selections f a ,li/ ( ,ref]5ces on ! ,use ( ,railroads 9 ,w> prep>$ by ! ,bureau ( ,railway ,economics1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 ,u4,s4,a41 & includ+ items f all ! lead+ libr>ies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,libr>y ( ,congress2 ! libr>ies ( ! pr9cipal ,univ]sities1 ,colleges & le>n$ or te*nical societies2 ,/ate libr>ies1 public libr>ies1 private railway-libr>ies1 & ! libr>y ( ! ,bureau itself71 toge!r ) v>i\s =eign libr>ies1 su* z ^? ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,works 9 ,b]l91 ! ,int]national ,railway ,congress at ,b]ne1 & o!rs besides4 ,mu* valuable help has be5 d]iv$ f ! ,am]ican li/2 b a l>ge numb] ( its ref]5ces1 & especially ^? relat+ to ! ,_w-,w> itself1 h n "h be5 reproduc$1 :ile s _m additions h be5 ga!r$ 9 f o!r s\rces among :i* might be m5tion$ ! publi%$ catalogue ( ! ,w> ,(fice ,libr>y2 ! libr>ies ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,royal ,colonial ,in/itute1 & ! ,pat5t ,(fice2 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ! publications ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 & (ficial or o!r publications 9 ,great ,brita91 ,france1 etc41 t ! ,bibliography "h pres5t$ may1 p]haps1 be reg>d$ z practically a new compilation1 supplem5t+ ! excell5t purpose :i* ! li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,bureau ( ,railway ,economics w und\bt$ly s]ve4 ,,e>lie/ ,,ref]5ces 7#ahcc-ej74 ,,h>kort1 ,,fri$ri* ,,wilhelm4 ,die ,eis5bahn von ,m9d5 na* ,kln4 ,hag51 #ahcc4 ,! e>lie/ publi%$ "w 9 :i* ! importance & ! possibilities ( railways f a milit>y /&po9t 7 advocat$4 ,ueb] die militris*e ,b5utzung d] ,eis5bahn54 ,b]l91 #ahcf4 ,d>legung d] te*nis*5 und ,v]kehrs-,v]hltnisse d] ,eis5bahn51 neb/ d>auf gegrndet] ,errt]ung b] die militris*e ,b5utzung d]selb54 ,b]l91 #ahda4 ,pz4 7,,c>l ,,edu>d ,,po5itz74 ,die ,eis5bahn als militris*e ,op]ationsl9i5 betra*tet und dur* ,beispiele erlutet4 ,neb/ ,entwurf zu e9em militris*5 ,eis5bahnsy/em fr ,deuts*l&4 ,adorf ,saxony1 #ahdb4 ---- ,,ii4 ,aufl4 ,adorf1 #ahec4 ,essai sur les ,*em9s de ,f]1 considrs comme lignes d'oprations militaires4 ,traduit de l'allem& p> ,l4 ,a4 ,ung]4 ,p>is1 #ahdd4 ,a ,fr5* translation ( ! above-m5tion$ "w by ,po5itz1 ) an introduction by ! translator & a map ( ,g]many & ,au/ria %[+ railways exi/+ 9 #ahdb & ! sy/em project$ by ! ,g]man writ]4 ,ueb]si*t des ,v]kehrs und d] ,betriebsmittel auf d5 inlndis*5 und d5 b5a*b>t5 auslndis*5 ,eis5bahn5 fr militris*e ,zwecke2 na* d5 beim gross5 ,g5]al/abe vorh&55 ,mat]ial5 zusamm5ge/ellt4 ,b]l91 #ahdh-ej4 ,,h(fmann1 ,c4 ,amtli* erlass5e ,vors*rift5 b] ,anlage und ,betrieb d] ,eis5bahn5 9 ,preuss54 ,b]l91 #ahdi4 ,,w>s ,,& ,,exp$itions ,,crimean ,,w> 7#ahed-ee7 ,,hamley1 ,,g54 ,,sir ,,edw>d4 ,! ,w> 9 ! ,crimea4 ,london1 #ahia4 ,,lu>d1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,c4 ,e4 ,field ,railways & _! g5]al application 9 w>4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,vol4 ,,xvii1 #ahgc4 ,ref]s to milit>y railway built = use 9 ! ,crimea4 ,,italian ,,w> 7#ahei7 ,,b>?olony1 ,f4 ,notice sur les ,transports p> les ,*em9s de ,f] franais v]s le ?tre de la gu]re d',italie4 #ga pp4 ,p>is1 #ahei4 ,,mill>1 ,r4,a41 ,,major1 ,topographical ,/aff4 ,! ,italian ,campaign ( #ahei4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,vol4 ,v1 pp4 #bfi-cjh4 ,london1 #ahfa4 ,introductory ref]5ce to use ( railways4 ,,am]ican ,,civil ,,w> 7#ahfa-fe7 ,abh&lung b] die ,?tigkeit d] am]ikanis*5 ,feldeis5bahn-,ab!ilung5 d] ,nord/aat52 bei d5 ,direction5 d] ,/aatseis5bahn54 ,dur* das ,knigl4 ,m9i/]ium 9 ,circulation gesetzt4 ,b]l94 ,,bacon1 ,e4 ,l4 ,h[ railroads help$ save ! ,union4 ,railroadman's ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #aiji4 ,,haupt1 ,,h]man4 ,rem9isc5ces ( ,g5]al ,h]man ,haupt1 ,*ief ( ! ,bureau ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,railroads 9 ! ,civil ,w>4 #cba pp4 ,illu/rations4 ,milwaukee1 ,wis41 #aija4 ,,h5d]son1 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,g4 ,f4 ,r4 ,/onewall ,jackson & ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w>4 ,second edition4 ,two vols4 ,london1 #ahii4 ,,port]1 ,w4 ,e4 ,keep+ ! ,baltimore & ,ohio 9 ,repair 9 ,w> ,"t 0 a ,task = ,h]cules4 ,book ( ! ,royal ,blue1 ,june1 #aijg4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,railroads4 ,report ( ,brev4-,brig4-,g54 ,d4 ,c4 ,mc,callum1 ,director & ,g5]al ,manag]1 f #ahfa to #ahff4 ,executive ,docum5ts1 #ci? ,congress1 #a/ ,session4 ,h\se4 ,s]ial numb]1 #abea4 ,wa%+ton1 #ahff4 ,,vigo-,,r\issillon1 ,f4 ,p4 ,puissance ,militaire des tats-,unis d',amrique1 d'aprs la ,gu]re de la ,scession1 #ahfa-fe4 ,i,i,ie ,p>tie2 *ap4 viii1 ,transports gnraux4 ,p>is1 #ahff4 ,,au/ro-,,prussian ,,campaign 7#ahff7 ,,cooke1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,a4 ,c4 ,c4 ,%ort ,sket* ( ! ,campaign 9 ,au/ria ( #ahff4 #gj pp4 ,map4 ,london1 #ahfg4 ,,webb]1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,notes on ! ,campaign 9 ,bohemia 9 #ahhf4 ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,n4,s41 ,vol4 ,,xvi4 ,woolwi*1 #ahfh4 ,,abyss9ian ,,exp$ition 7#ahfg-fh7 ,,willans1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4 ,! ,abyss9ian ,railway4 ,pap]s on ,subjects ,connect$ ) ! ,duties ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,n4,s4 ,vol4 ,,xviii4 ,woolwi*1 #ahgj4 ,,franco-,,prussian ,,w> 7#ahgj-ga7 ,,budde1 ,,lieut4 ,h4 ,die ,franzsis*5 ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege #ahgj-ga und ihre sei!rige ,entwicklung 9 militris*] ,h9si*t4 ,mit zwei ,k>t5 und zehn ,skizz5 im ,texte4 #ii pp4 ,b]l91 #ahgg4 ,gives maps ( ! ,fr5* railway sy/em 9 #ahgj & #ahgg respectively4 ---- ,die franzsis*5 ,eis5bahn5 im deuts*5 ,kriegsbetriebe1 #ahgj-ga4 #dhg pp4 ,b]l91 #aijd4 ,,ern\f1 ,,le ,,b>on4 ,hi/oire des ,*em9s de ,f] franais p5dant la ,gu]re ,franco-,prussi5ne4 ,p>is1 #ahgd4 ,,jacqm91 ,f41 ,+nieur en ,*ef des ,ponts et ,*ausses4 ,les ,*em9s de ,f] p5dant la ,gu]re de #ahgj-ga4 #cea pp4 ,p>is1 #ahgb4 ---- #b;e edition4 #cfc pp4 #ahgd4 ,m,,ll]-,,breslau1 ,f4 ,die ,ttigkeit uns]] ,feldeis5bahn-,abteilung im ,kriege #ahgj-ga4 ,b]l91 #ahif4 ,railway ,organisation 9 ! late ,w>4 ,ed9burgh ,review1 ,janu>y1 #ahgb4 ,,russo-,,turki% ,,w> 7#ahgg-gh7 ,,less>1 ,p4 ,de la con/ruction des ,*em9s de ,f] en temps de gu]re4 ,lignes con/ruites p> l'arme russe p5dant la campagne #ahgg-gh4 ,traduit du russe p> ,l4 ,avril4 #adb pp4 #aj ,plan*es4 ,p>is1 #ahgi4 ,,sale1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,m4 ,t4 ,! ,con/ruction ( ,milit>y ,railways dur+ ! ,russo-,turki% ,w> ( #ahgg-gh4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,vol4 ,,xxiv4 #ahhj4 ,,egypt ,,& ,,! ,,sudan 7#ahhb-ii7 ,hi/ory ( ! ,corps ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,by ,maj4-,g54 ,:itwor? ,port]1 ,r4,e4 ,! ,w> 9 ,egypt1 #ahhb-he1 pp4 #fd-hg4 ,london1 #ahhi4 ---- ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,by ,col4 ,sir ,*as4 ,m4 ,watson4 ,! ,sudan ,campaigns1 #ahhe-ii1 pp4 #ec-gf4 ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 ,*a?am1 #aiae4 ,milit>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,campaign ( #ahhb 9 ,egypt4 ,prep>$ 9 ! ,intellig5ce ,bran* ( ! ,w> ,(fice4 ,revis$ edition4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,na?an1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4 ,m4 ,! ,sudan ,milit>y ,railway4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,occasional ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,,xi4 #ahhe4 ,,wallace1 ,r4,e41 ,,maj4 ,w4 ,a4 ,j4 ,railway ,op]ations 9 ,egypt dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 #ahhb4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,*a?am4 ,occasional ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,,ix4 ,,philipp9e ,,w> 7#ahih7 ,,colson1 ,l4 ,w4 ,railroad+ 9 ! ,philipp9e ,w>4 ,baltimore & ,ohio ,employs' ,magaz9e1 ,feb41 #aiac4 ,soldi]s ,runn+ a ,railroad4 ,railroad ,telegraph]1 ,sept41 #ahii4 ,tells h[ ! #bj? ,kansas ,regim5t ran f\r miles ( ! ,manila & ,dagupan ,railroad dur+ ! ,philipp9e insurrection4 ,,s\? ,,african ,,w> 7#ahii-aijb7 ,detail$ ,hi/ory ( ! ,railways 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #ahii-aijb4 ,two vols4 ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 ,*a?am1 #aije4 ,vol4 ,i4--,organisation1 ,milit>y ,control1 ,work+ & ,repair ( ,cape & ,natal ,gov]nm5t ,railways2 ,managem5t1 ,eng9e]+ & o!r ,dep>tm5ts ( ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways2 ,railway ,pione] ,regim5t2 ,organisation1 ,equipm5t & ,use ( ,arm\r$ ,tra9s2 ,army ,lab\r ,depts4 ,vol4 ,,ii4--#fa ,photographs & #ic ,draw+s4 ,,gir\>d1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,e4 ,p4 ,c41 ,director ( ,railways1 ,s\? ,african ,field ,=ce4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,railways dur+ ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 #ahii-aijb4 #adi pp4 ,maps4 ,london1 #aijc4 ,,h>rison1 ,c4 ,w4 ,,francis4 ,natal3 an ,illu/rat$ ,(ficial ,railway ,guide & ,h&book4 ,publi%$ by ,au?ority4 ,london1 #aijc4 ,gives a /atem5t1 on pp4 #bhg-bij1 z to s]vices r5d]$ by ,natal ,gov]nm5t ,railways dur+ ,s\? ,african ,w>4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 #ahii-aijb4 ,compil$ by ! ,direction ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,app5dix #aj1 ,notes on ! ,milit>y ,railway ,sy/em 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,ne!rl&s ,s\? ,african ,railway ,company & ! ,transvaal ,w>4 ,acc\nt by ! ,secret>y1 ,?4 ,/e9netz1 dat$ ,pretoria1 ,april1 #aijj4 ,de ,+5ieur1 ,july #ad & #ba1 #aijj4 ,engli% translation 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,jan41 #aijb4 ,! ,times4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 #ahii-aijb4 ,vol4 ,,vi1 ,"p ,,ii1 *ap4 iii1 ,! ,railway ,"w 9 ! ,w>1 pp4 #big-cca4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,,watson1 ,,col4 ,,sir ,,*as4 ,m4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,corps ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,vol4 ,,iii1 *ap4 iv1 ,! ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #ahii-aijb4 ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 ,*a?am1 #aiae4 ,work+ ( ,railways3 ,duties ( ,/aff ,(fic]s4 ,pamphlet4 ,publi%$ by au?ority4 ,pretoria1 #aijj4 ,,russo-,,japanese ,,w> 7#aijd-e7 ,,kuropatk91 ,,g5]al ,a4 ,n4 ,! ,russian ,army & ! ,japanese ,w>4 ,translat$ by ,capta9 ,a4 ,b4 ,l9dsay4 ,two vols4 ,maps1 ,illu/rations4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,m,,t91 ,,alb]t4 ,le ,transsibri5 et la ,gu]re4 ,revue conomique ,int]nationale1 ,oct41 #aijd4 ,(ficial ,hi/ory ( ! ,russo-,japanese ,w>4 ,prep>$ by ! ,hi/orical ,section ( ! ,committee ( ,imp]ial ,def5ce4 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,p41 ,a4 ,con/ruction et ,exploitation de ,*em9s de ,f] ,traction animale sur le ,?tre de la ,gu]re de #aijd-e en ,m&*\rie4 ,revue du ,gnie ,militaire1 ,avril1 ,mai1 ,ju91 #aiji4 ,p>is4 ,russo-,japanese ,w>4 ,reports f ,briti% ,(fic]s atta*$ to ! ,japanese & ,russian ,=ces 9 ! ,field4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,g5]al ,report 7dat$ ,m>*1 #aije7 by ,col4 ,w4 ,h4 ,h4 ,wat]s3 ,section ,,xxxviii1 ,railways1 pp4 #ahd-i4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,russo-,japanese ,w>4 ,! ,ya-,lu4 ,prep>$ 9 ! ,hi/orical ,section ( ! ,g]man ,g5]al ,/aff4 ,au?oris$ ,translation by ,k>l von ,donat4 ,*aps4 ii & iii4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,,vick]s1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,c4 ,e4 ,! ,sib]ian ,railway 9 ,w>4 ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,j\rnal1 ,aug41 #aije4 ,*a?am4 ,,mexican ,,w> 7#aiaj-ac7 ,,h9e1 ,,maj4 ,,*>les4 ,w> ,"t ,railroad+ 9 ,mexico4 ,pap] read be=e ! ,/4 ,l\is ,railway ,club1 ,oct4 #aj1 #aiac4 ,! ,railway ,libr>y1 #aiac4 ,*icago4 ,,weeks1 ,g4 ,e4 ,h[ ,mexican ,rebels ,de/roy ,railways & ,bridges4 ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 ,sept4 #ac1 #aiac4 ,,c\ntries ,,au/ralia ,,ellison1 ,h4 ,k4 ,au/ralia's ,trans-,cont95tal ,railway4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,june1 #aiab4 ,,kit*5] ,,( ,,kh>t\m1 ,,field ,,m>%al ,,visc\nt4 ,memor&um on ! ,def5ce ( ,au/ralia4 ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,commonweal? ( ,au/ralia1 #aiaj4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil4 7#a7 ,fir/ & ,second ,meet+s1 ,feb4 #ad-af1 #aiaa1 & ,may #ai1 #aiaa4 7#b7 ,fif? ,meet+1 ,nov4 #ah & #ai1 #aiad4 ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,commonweal? ( ,au/ralia4 ,,au/ria-,,hung>y ,ges*i*te d] ,eis5bahn5 d] /]rei*is*-ung>is*5 ,mon>*ie4 ,uns]e ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege4 ,eis5bahnbureau des ,k4 u4 ,k4 ,g5]al-,/abes4 ,wi51 #ahih-aijh4 ,,h>e1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,w4 ,a4 ,organisation ( ! ,au/rian ,railway & ,telegraph ,corps4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution4 ,vol4 ,,xxix1 pp4 #beg-gi4 ,london1 #ahhe-f4 ,,jessep1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4 ,h4 ,l4 ,railway ,works 9 ,connection ) an ,army 9 ! ,field2 =m+ ! ,second ,division ( ! ,au/rian ,guide to ,railways4 ,vi5na1 #ahgb 7,translation74 ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,*a?am4 ,vol4 ,o4,,ii4 ,,joe/51 ,,josef4 ,/udi5 b] die heutig5 ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriegsfalle4 ,wi51 #ahib4 ,leitfad5 des ,eis5bahnwes5s1 mit besond]] ,rcksi*t auf d5 ,di5/ d] ,feldeis5bahn-,abteilung54 #b ,bnde4 ,wi51 #ahgb4 ,,nos9i*1 ,,maj4 ,das /]rei*is*-ung>is*e ,eis5bahn- und brige ,communications-,sy/em4 ,politis*-militris* beleu*tet4 #gg pp4 ,wi51 #ahga4 ,,obau]1 ,h41 ,,und ,e4 ,r4 ,,von ,,gutt5b]g4 ,das ,tra9-,communications und ,v]pflegungswes51 vom op]ativ5 ,/&punkte4 ,wi51 #ahga4 ,,panz1 ,,ob]/ ,v4 ,v4 ,das ,eis5bahnwes51 vom militris*5 ,/&punkte4 ,two vols4 ,plates4 ,wi51 #ahfc4 ---- ,les ,*em9s de ,f] au po9t de vue militaire4 ,traduit de l',allem& p> ,co/a de ,s]da4 ,p>is1 #ahfh4 ,te*nis*] ,unt]ri*t fr die ,k4 u4 ,k4 ,eis5bahn-,truppe4 ,!il #c3 ,/rass51 ,eis5bahn- und ,wass]bau4 ,!il #g3 ,feldmssige ,z]/rung von ,brck5 und ,viaduct54 ,wi51 #ahih4 ,,tlaskal1 ,,maj4 ,l4 ,ueb]si*tli*e ,zusamm5/ellung d] ,grundstze und d] wes5tli*5 ,details aus dem ,/rass5- u4 ,eis5bahn-,baue1 mit ,b]cksi*tigung d] ,z]/rung und d] feldmssig5 ,wi$]h]/ellung von ,eis5bahn54 #ij pp4 ,plates4 ,wi51 #ahgg4 ,,zanantoni1 ,,ob]/lt4 ,e4 ,die ,eis5bahn5 im ,di5/e des ,krieges1 und mod]ne ,gesi*tspunkte fr d]5 ,ausntzung4 #cc pp4 ,wi51 #aijd4 ,see ,railways 9 ,w> & ,mod]n ,views z to _! ,employm5t4 ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,j\rnal1 ,m>*1 #aijg4 ,,belgium ,,body1 ,m4 ,aide-mmoire portatif de campagne p\r l'emploi des ,*em9s de ,f] en temps de gu]re4 #bec pp4 ,plates4 ,lige1 #ahgg4 ---- ,les ,*em9s de ,f] dans leurs ,applications militaires4 ,lige1 #ahfg4 ---- ,notice sur l'attaque et la df5se des ,*em9s de ,f] en temps de gu]re4 ,lige1 #ahfh4 ,,=manoir1 ,a4 ,,de1 ,capita9e d'tat-,major4 ,des ,*em9s de ,f] en temps de gu]re4 ,confr5ces ,militaires ,belges4 ,bruxelles1 #ahgj4 ,,gr&vallet1 ,,anton94 ,la neutralit de la ,belgique et les ,*em9s de ,f] franais1 belges et allem&s4 #aa pp4 ,p>is1 #ahhi4 ,,france ,,allix1 ,g4 ,la ,mobilisation des ,*em9s de ,f] franais4 ,le ,j\rnal des ,transports1 ,jan4 #cj1 #aiae4 ,p>is4 ,,b]g,,re1 ,,capita9e ,c4 ,les ,*em9s de ,f] et le ,s]vice des tapes1 d'aprs les n\veaux rglem5ts4 ,j\rnal des ,sci5ces ,militaires4 ,neuvime srie4 ,tome v+t-quatrime4 ,p>is1 #ahhf4 ,,bresson1 ,l4 ,rorganisation militaire4444 ,*em9s de ,f]4 #ej pp4 ,p>is1 #ahha4 ,,dany1 ,,jean4 ,le ,rle des ,*em9s de ,f] la ,gu]re4 ,revue de ,p>is1 ,sept4 #ae1 #aiaa4 ,de l',utilisation des ,*em9s de ,f] dans la pro*a9e ,gu]re4 ,p>is1 #ahii4 ,,eug,,ne1 ,j4 ,b41 ,capita9e du ,gnie4 tudes sur les ,*em9s de ,f] et les ,tlgraphes lectriques1 considrs au po9t de vue de la df5se du t]ritoire4 #b;e4 dition4 ,two vols4 ,p>is1 #ahgi4 ,g41 ,a4 ,a propos des ,rseaux f]rs de la ,france et de l',allemagne4 #cj pp4 ,p>is1 #ahhd4 ,,gr&vallet1 ,,anton94 ,les ,*em9s de ,f] franais au po9t de vue de la ,gu]re4 #he pp4 ,map4 ,p>is1 #ahhi4 ,,jacqm91 ,f4 tude sur l'exploitation des ,*em9s de ,f] p> l'tat4 #ajd pp4 ,p>is1 #ahgh4 ,,lanoir1 ,,paul4 ,les ,*em9s de ,f] et la ,mobilisation4 #agj pp4 ,p>is1 #ahid4 ,,lanty ----4 ,exploitation militaire des ,*em9s de ,f]1 ,oprations excutes p> le #e;e ,rgim5t du ,gnie l'occasion des gr&es manoeuvres de ,bance4 ,revue de ,gnie ,militaire4 ,vol4 ,,xx1 pp4 #cde-hc4 ,p>is1 #aijj4 ,,laplaice1 ,a4 ,notions sur les ,*em9s de ,f]1 l'usage des (fici]s et s\s-(fici]s de t\tes armes4 ,p>is1 #ahhg4 ,,l]oy1 ,a4 ,c\rs ,pratique de ,*em9s de ,f]1 l'usage de ,,mm4 les (fici]s et s\s-(fici]s de t\tes armes1 des sections te*niques1 des ouvri]s du gnie et des coles spciales4 #dgh pp4 ,plates & ,illu/rations4 ,dijon1 #ahha4 ,,m>cille1 ,,capt4 ,e4 tude sur l'emploi des ,*em9s de ,f] avant et p5dant la gu]re4 #if pp4 ,p>is1 #ahgd4 ,,p>tiot1 ,l4 ,transport d'un ,torpilleur effectu de ,t\lon ,*]b\rg p> les ,*em9s de ,f]4 ,p>is1 #ahia4 ,,p]mezel1 ,h4 ,du ,rgime des ,*em9s de ,f] en temps de gu]re4 ,p>is1 #aijd4 ,,p]not1 ,,capt4 ,a4 ,ap]u hi/orique sur le s]vice des transports militaires4 ,pp4 #dib4 ,p>is1 #ahid4 ,,pic>d1 ,,alfr$4 ,trait des ,*em9s de ,f]4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,"p ,,iv1 *ap4 iv1 ,transports militaires p> *em9s de f]4 ,p>is1 #ahhg4 ,,pi]ron1 ,g,n4 ,les ,m?odes de ,gu]re1 etc4 ,tome ,i1 ,"p ,,iii 7,*em9s de ,f]74 ,maps & plans4 ,p>is1 #ahic4 ,,rovel1 ,,*ef ,d',,escad4 ,j4 ,j4 ,manuel des ,*em9s de ,f]1 l'usage des (fici]s4 #abb pp4 ,plates4 ,p>is1 #ahhb4 ,,wibrotte1 ,,lieut4 ,con/ruction et de/ruction des ,*em9s de ,f] en campagne4 #b;e4 edition4 #dj pp4 ,plates1 ,p>is1 #ahgd4 ,,vigo-,,r\issillon1 ,f4 ,p4 ,des ,pr9cipes de l',adm9i/ration des ,armes4 ,p>is1 #ahga4 ,(ficial ,publications ,in/ruction ,speciale p\r le ,transport des ,tr\pes d',infant]ie et du ,gnie p> des voies f]res4 #f;e dition4 ,p>is1 #ahii4 ,organisation ,gnrale aux ,armes4 ,i4 ,s]vices de l'arrire aux armes4 ,volume arrt la date du #h ,dcembre1 #aiac4 #aga pp4 ---- ,,ii4 ,transports /ratgiques4 ,tirage ,novembre1 #aiad4 #bia pp4 ,organisation ,gnrale du ,s]vice ,militaire des ,*em9s de ,f]4 ,volume arrt au #ae ,juillet1 #aijd4 #bj pp4 ---- ,supplm5t1 #ca ,dcembre1 #aiab4 #h pp4 ,rglem5ts et in/ructions sur le transport des tr\pes4 dition annote 444 jusqu'en ,aot1 #aiac4 #cfb pp4 ,rglem5t ,gnral de #are ,juillet1 #ahgd1 p\r les transports militaires p> *em9s de f]4 ,p>is1 #ahgd4 ,sections de ,*em9 de ,f] de campagne4 ,volume arrt la date du ,sept41 #aiad4 #ib pp4 ,transports militaires p> ,*em9 de ,f] 7,gu]re et ,m>9e74 dition mise j\r des textes en vigueur jusqu'en ,octobre1 #aijb4 #gab pp4 ,p>is4 ,transports ord9aires du matriel de la gu]re4 #ae ,ju91 #aiab4 #bgj pp4 ,tr\pes des ,*em9s de ,f]4 ,volume arrt la date du #a;er4 ,dcembre1 #aiab4 #ajf pp4 ,,g]many ,a41 ,h4 ,,von4 ,ueb] die militris*5 und te*nis*5 ,grundlag5 d] ,trupp5transports auf ,eis5bahn54 ,d>m/adt und ,leipzig1 #ahfa4 ,,alb]t ----4 ,die ,an/ellung5 im ,eis5bahn-,di5/4 ,h&bu* fr ,unt](fizi]e1 wel*e si* dem ,eis5bahnfa* zu widm5 beabsi*tig54 #ei pp4 ,b]l91 #ahhd4 ,,allix1 ,g4 ,l',organisation ,militaire des ,*em9s de ,f] allem&s4 ,j\rnal des ,transports1 #ac ,m>s41 #aiae4 ,p>is4 ,,bau]1 ,,haupt4 ,fuhrkolonne 444 und ,feldbahn4 #ca pp4 ,plates4 ,b]l91 #aijj4 ,,beck1 ,c4 ,h4 ,/udi5 b] das ,etapp5wes54 ,nordl+51 #ahgb4 ,a detail$ acc\nt ( ! rail & road s]vices organis$ "u ! ,prussian ,regulation ( ,may #b1 #ahfg4 ,le ,s]vice des tapes 9 gu]re4 ,revue ,militaire de l'trang]4 #a;er4 ,mai1 #ahgb4 ,a dige/ ( ! facts record$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,beck4 ,,beck]1 ,,lieut4 ,d] n*/e ,krieg und die deuts*5 ,bahnv]waltung54 #fb pp4 ,hannov]1 #ahic4 ,b$eutung d] ,eis5bahn5 fr d5 ,krieg4 ,jahrbu* fr die deuts*e ,armee und ,m>9e4 ,b]l91 #ahih4 ,die ,?tigkeit d] deuts*5 ,eis5bahntrupp5 9 ,*9a1 #aijj-a4 ,annal5 fr ,gew]be und ,bauwes51 ,april #ae1 #aijb4 ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege1 ,die4 ,zeitung des ,v]e9s1 ,oct4 #ah1 #ahii4 ,er/e ,b5utzung d] ,eis5bahn fr ,kriegszwecke4 ,zeitung des ,v]e9s1 ,sept4 #b1 #aiad4 ,f]r>ius1 ,miles 7,dr4 jur4 ,joe/574 ,die ,eis5bahn und die ,kriegfhrung3 ,e9e politis*-militris*e ,/udie4 ,deuts*e ,zeit- und ,/reit ,frag54 ,heft #ff4 #cj pp4 ,hamburg1 #ahij4 ,,giese1 ,,ob]/ ,o4 ,v4 ,provisoris*e ,befe/igung5 und ,fe/ungs-,eis5bahn54 #if pp4 ,plans4 ,b]l91 #ahhb4 ,,joe/51 ,,josef4 ,ges*i*te und ,sy/em d] ,eis5bahnb5utzung im ,kriege4 ,leipzig1 #ahif4 ---- ,hi/oire et ,organisation militaires des ,*em9s de ,f]4 ,traduit de l'allem& p> le ,lieut4-,colonel ,b4 444 #bbf pp4 ,p>is1 #aije4 ,,lanoir1 ,,paul4 ,! ,g]man ,spy ,sy/em 9 ,france4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by an ,engli% ,(fic]4 ,pp4 viii1 #bfd4 ,london1 #aiaj4 ,*apt]s on ,designs on ,fr5* ,railways & ,g]man ,/rategic ,railways4 ,,s*aeff]1 ,,edu>d4 ,d] ,kriegs-,tra9 des deuts*5 ,he]es4 ,b]l91 #ahhc4 ,,s*mi$ecke1 ,,ob]/4 ,die ,v]kehrsmittel im ,kriege4 7,die ,eis5bahn53 die ,feld- und ,frd]bahn547 ,maps & plates4 #bdb pp4 ,b]l91 #aijf4 ---- #bte4 ,auflage4 #aiaa4 ,,/av5hag51 ,,haupt4 ,w4 ,v]kehrs- und ,na*ri*t5-,mittel 9 militris*] ,beleu*tung4 7,eis5bahn547 ,b]l91 #ahif4 ---- #bte4 ,auflage1 #aije4 ,w4 ,,we/phal51 ,,haupt4 ,h4 ,l4 ,die ,kriegfhrung1 unt] ,b5utzung d] ,eis5bahn51 und d] ,kampf um ,eis5bahn54 ,na* d5 ,erfahrung5 des letz5 ,jahrz5ts4 #bij pp4 ,leipzig1 #ahfh4 ---- ,,ii ,auflage4 ,neu be>beitet von e9em deuts*5 ,/abs(fizi]4 ,leipzig1 #ahhb4 ,de l'emploi des *em9s de f] en temps de gu]re4 ,traduit de l'allem&4 #bda pp4 ,p>is1 #ahfi4 ,a ,fr5* translation ( ! #a/ edition ( ,we/phal5's "w4 ,,web]1 ,,b>on ,m4 ,m4 ,,von4 ,die ,s*ulung d] ,eis5bahn5 fr d5 ,krieg im ,fri$54 7#ahgj47 ,translat$ into ,engli%1 "u ! title ( ,our ,railway ,sy/em view$ 9 ,ref]5ce to ,invasion1 ) ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,rob]t ,mallet1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,london1 #ahga4 ,,wehb]g1 ,h4 ,die re*tli*e ,/ellung d] ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege1 na* d5 ,bes*lss5 d] zweit5 ,haag] ,fri$5s-,konf]5z4 ,ar*iv fr ,eis5bahnwes51 ,mai-,juni1 #aiaj4 ,b]l94 ,,w]nekke1 ,,regi]ungsrat4 ,die ,mitwirkung d] ,eis5bahn5 an d5 ,krieg5 9 ,mitteleuropa4 ,ar*iv fr ,eis5bahnwes51 ,juli und ,augu/1 #aiab4 ,designs on ,africa ,,b\lg]1 ,,demetrius ,c4 ,g]man ,designs on ! ,congo4 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,sept41 #aiad4 ,republi%$ 9 ,engl&'s ,ar*-,enemy3 ,a ,collection ( ,essays =m+ an ,indictm5t ( ,g]man ,policy dur+ ! la/ ,sixte5 ,ye>s1 by ,d4 ,c4 ,b\lg]4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,,bryd51 ,h4 ,a4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,july1 #aiae4 ,london4 ,,crabtree1 ,,! ,,rev4 ,w4 ,a4 ,g]man ,colonies 9 ,africa4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,african ,society1 ,oct41 #aiad4 ,london4 ,,lew91 ,,evans4 ,! ,g]mans & ,africa4 #cag pp4 ,map4 ,london1 #aiae4 ,,m>t91 ,,camille4 ,le ,*em9 de ,f] du ,tanganyika et les progrs de l',afrique ori5tale allem&e4 ,r5seignm5ts coloniaux1 ,no4 #c4 ,supplm5t ,l',afrique ,franaise de ,m>s1 #aiad4 ,p>is4 ,memor&um on ! ,c\ntry kn[n z ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 ,section on ,railways1 pp4 #hc-hh4 ,pretoria1 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice1 #aiae4 ,o',,connor1 ,j4 ,k4 ,! ,hun 9 our ,h9t]l&2 or ! ,m5ace ( ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 #dc pp4 ,map4 ,cape ,t[n1 #aiad4 ,gives details conc]n+ /rategical railways 9 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa4 ,,r51 ,,c>l1 ,director des ,kam]un-,eis5bahn ,syndikats4 ,kam]un und die ,deuts*e ,tsdsee-,eis5bahn4 #bea pp4 ,mit #cg ,textbild]n und #bb ,tafeln4 ,b]l91 #aije4 ,s\?-,we/ ,african ,notes4 ,republi%$ f ! ,transvaal ,*ronicle4 ,s\? ,africa1 ,nov4 #ad & ,dec4 #e1 #aiad4 ,london4 ,,zimm]mann1 ,,emil4 ,neu-,kam]un4 ,zweit] ,teil3 ,neu ,kam]un und das ,kongosy/em4 ,deuts*l& und ,z5tralafrika4 #ace pp4 ,map4 ,b]l91 #aiac4 ---- ,0 i/ uns ,z5tralafrika8 ,wirts*afts- und v]kehrspolitis*e ,unt]su*ung54 #eg pp4 ,maps4 ,b]l91 #aiad4 ,de/ruction & ,re/oration ( ,railways ,anleitung zur ,unt]bre*ung von ,eis5bahnv]b9dung51 resp4 ,z]/rung1 etc41 s[ie zur ,wi$]h]/ellung4 ,b]l91 #ahfa4 ,,basson1 ,,wilhelm4 ,die ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege1 na* d5 ,erfahrung5 des letzt5 ,feldzuges4 #gb pp4 ,ratibor1 #ahfg4 ,a "w deal+ ) ! te*nicalities ( railway de/ruction1 re/oration & op]ation on 7a7 national & 7b7 occupi$ t]ritory4 ,,taub]t ----4 ,z]/rung1 ,wi$]h]/ellung und ,neubau von ,vollbahn5 und d]5 ,kun/baut5 9 ,fe9desl&4 ,leipzig1 #ahif4 ,v]h&lung5 des ,kriegs- und ,h&elsm9i/]iums b] ,z]/rung5 von ,eis5bahn5 und die ,ent/ehung d] ,all]h*/5 ,in/ruction5 vom ,jahre #ahei und vom #ca ,juli1 #ahfa4 ,ung$rucktes ,act5/ck4 ,b]l94 ,g]many & ! ,baghdad ,railway ,,*,,radame1 ,,&r4 ,la ,"q d',ori5t4 ,le ,*em9 de ,f] de ,bagdad4 ,c>tes4 #cig pp4 ,p>is1 #aijc4 ,,hamilton1 ,,angus4 ,problems ( ! ,middle ,ea/1 ,great ,brita91 ,g]many & ! ,baghdad ,railway4 ,pp4 #aef-hf4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,,lyn*1 ,h4 ,f4 ,b4 ,railways 9 ! ,middle ,ea/4 ,asiatic ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,april1 #aiaa4 ---- ,! ,baghdad ,railway4 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,m>*1 #aiaa4 ---- ,! ,baghdad ,railway3 ,f\r ,new ,conv5tions4 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,may1 #aiaa4 ,,mahan1 ,,capt4 ,a4 ,t4 ,retrospect & ,prospect4 ,,vi3 ,! ,p]sian ,gulf & ,int]national ,relations4 ,pp4 #bji-ea4 ,london1 #aijb4 ,,rohrba*1 ,,dr4 ,,paul4 ,die ,bagdadbahn4 #b4 ,auflage4 #hf pp4 ,map4 ,b]l91 #aiaa4 ,,s>olea1 ,,*>les4 ,! ,anglo-,g]man ,problem4 ,! ,baghdad ,railway & ,g]man ,expansion 9 ! ,ne> ,ea/4 ,pp4 #bdg-hj4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,,s*neid]1 ,,siegmund4 ,die ,deuts*e ,bagdadbahn und die projectirte ,ueb]brckung des ,bosporus1 9 ihr] ,b$eutung fr ,weltwir?s*aft und ,weltv]kehr4 ,wi5 und ,leipzig1 #aijj4 ,,spr5g]1 ,,dr4 ,a4 ,babyloni51 das rei*/e ,l& 9 d] ,vorzeit und das lohn5d/e ,kolonisationfeld fr die ,geg5w>t4 ,e9 ,vors*lag zur ,kolonisation des ,ori5ts4 #abh pp4 ,map4 ,heidelb]g1 #ahhf4 ,! ,times4 ,maps ( ! ,baghdad ,railway1 %[+ l9es op51 "u con/ruction & project$4 ,dec4 #a1 #aiad1 & ,nov4 #a1 #aiae4 ,x4 ,! ,focus ( ,asiatic ,policy4 ,national ,review1 ,june1 #aija4 ,(ficial ,publications ,die ,v]waltung d] ff5tli*5 ,arbeit5 9 ,preuss51 #aijj bis #aiaj4 ,k>t5beilage ,i3 ,die ,preussis*-,hessis*5 ,/aatseis5bahn5 am #a ,april1 #aijj1 und ,ende ,mrz1 #aiaj4 ,b]l91 #aiaa4 ,organisation des ,transports gross] ,trupp5mass5 auf ,eis5bahn54 ,b]l91 #ahfa4 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations 7,felddi5/ ,ordnung1 #aijh7 ( ! ,g]man ,army4 ,translat$ by ! ,g5]al ,/aff1 ,w> ,(fice4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,railway ,troops ,arme allem&e4 ,les tr\pes de ,*em9 de ,f]4 ,revue ,militaire de l'trang]4 ,mai1 #ahih4 ,p>is4 ,,hille1 ,,maj41 ,,und ,,meur91 ,,maj4 ,ges*i*te d] preussis*5 ,eis5bahntrupp54 ,teil ,i4 ,von #ahei bis zur ,be5digung des deuts*-franzsis*5 ,krieges4 ,maps1 plans1 plates & illu/rations4 ,two vols4 ,b]l91 #aiaj4 ,,hille1 ,,maj4 ,ges*i*te d] preussis*5 ,eis5bahntrupp54 ,teil ,,ii1 #ahga-aiaa4 ,portraits1 maps1 plans1 plates & illu/rations4 ,b]l91 #aiac4 ,les tr\pes allem&es de communications4 ,revue ,militaire1 ,avril1 #aijj4 ,,rawson1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4 ,h4 ,e4 ,! ,g]man ,railway ,regim5t4 ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 ,,xx1 #ahgg4 ,,webb]1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,! ,field ,army ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,prussian ,army4 ,see ,notes on ! ,campaign 9 ,bohemia 9 #ahff1 ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,n4,s41 ,vol4 ,,xvi1 ,woolwi*1 #ahfh4 ,/rategical ,railways ,,littlefield1 ,,walt]4 ,hi!rto ,unpubli%$ ,pages 9 ,w>'s ,prelude4 ,railway ,c>tography reveals ,g]many's elaborate ,prep>ations4 ,new ,york ,times1 ,nov4 #ae1 #aiad4 ,,norton1 ,,roy4 ,! ,man ( ,peace4 ,ox=d ,pamphlets1 #aiad-ae4 #bb pp4 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press4 ,,/u>t-,,/eph5s1 ,,major4 ,h[ ,i ,discov]$ ! ,date ( ! ,_w ,w>4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,review1 ,june1 #aiae4 ,deals ) ! ,g]man /rategical railways on ! ,belgian fronti]4 ,y4 ,object ,lesson 9 ,g]man ,plans4 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,feb41 #aiaj4 ,london4 ---- ,a ,fur!r ,object ,lesson 9 ,g]man ,plans4 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,feb41 #aiad4 ,^! two articles 7 republi%$ 9 ,engl&'s ,ar*-,enemy3 ,a ,collection ( ,essays =m+ an ,indictm5t ( ,g]man ,policy dur+ ! la/ ,sixte5 ,ye>s ,by ,demetrius ,c4 ,b\lg]4 ,london1 #aiad4 ,,yoxall1 ,m4,p41 ,,sir ,,james4 ,! ,kais]'s ,iron ,web4 ,! ,daily ,graphic1 ,m>* #i1 #aiae4 ,tactics & ,/rategy ,,balck1 ,,ob]/4 ,taktik1 ,b& #d4 ,eis5bahn51 etc4 ,b]l91 #aija4 ---- #dte4 ,auflage1 #aiji4 tude sur le ,rseau f]r allem& au po9t de vue de la conc5tration4 #cb pp4 ,avec une c>te des *em9s de f] allem&s4 ,p>is1 #ahij4 ,,f]r>ius1 ,,miles 7,,dr4 ,,jur4 ,,joe/574 ,die ,an=d]ung5 d] ,/rategie und ,taktik an die ,eis5bahn54 #dh pp4 ,b]l91 #ahie4 ,,goltz1 ,,b>on ,,colm> ,,von ,,d]4 ,das ,volk im ,waff54 ,e9 ,bu* b] ,he]eswes5 und ,kriegfhrung uns]] ,zeit4 ,b]l91 #ahhc4 ---- ,! ,nation 9 ,arms4 ,translat$ by ,phillip ,a4 ,a%wor?4 ,new edition4 ,revis$ 9 accordance ) ! fif? ,g]man edition4 ,london1 #aijf4 ---- ,kriegfhrung4 ,kurze ,lehre ihr] wi*tig/5 ,grundstze und ,=m54 ,b]l91 #ahie4 ---- ,! ,conduct ( ,w>4 ,a ,%ort ,treatise on its mo/ important ,bran*es & ,guid+ ,rules4 ,translat$ by ,major ,g4 ,f4 ,lev]son4 ,vol4 ,,iv ( ! ,wolseley ,s]ies4 ,london1 #ahii4 ,,lassmann1 ,,lieut4 ,j4 ,c4 ,d] ,eis5bahnkrieg4 ,taktis*e ,/udie4 #aab pp4 ,b]l91 #ahfg4 ,,v]dy ,,du ,,v]nois1 ,,g54 ,j4 ,v4 ,/udi5 b] d5 ,krieg4 ,!il ,,iii4 ,/rategie4 ,heft #e4 7,e9fluss d] ,eis5bahn5 op]ativ] ,l9i5 auf die ,kriegfhrung74 ,maps & plans4 ,b]l91 #aijf4 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,burgoyne1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,,sir ,j4 ,railways 9 ,w>4 ,a pap] read be=e ! ,briti% ,association at ,birm+ham4 ,! ,eng9e]1 ,sept4 #bb1 #ahfe4 p4 #ahb4 ,london4 ,,burnaby1 ,,capt4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! ,practical ,in/ruction ( ,/aff ,(fic]s 9 ,=eign ,armies4 ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 ,,xvi1 pp4 #fcc-dd4 #ahgc4 ,,coll9son1 ,,g54 ,t4 ,b4 ,use ( ,railways 9 ,w>4 ,extract$ f ?ree ,royal ,eng9e] ,prize ,essays = #ahgh by ,capta9s ,d4 ,o',bri5 & ,t4 ,j4 ,willans & ,lieut4 ,w4 ,h4 ,turton4 #hb pp4 ,*a?am4 ,,f9dlay1 ,,sir ,,george1 ,assoc4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,lieut4-,colonel ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps4 ,pap] on ,! ,transport ( ,troops by ,rail )9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 read be=e ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,june #bj1 #ahij1 & =m+ *apt] xxiii ( ,work+ & ,managem5t ( an ,engli% ,railway4 ,london1 #e? edition1 #ahid4 ---- ,! ,use ( ,railways 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom = ! ,conveyance ( ,troops4 ,unit$ ,s]vice ,magaz9e1 ,april1 #ahib4 ,,gir\>d1 #b,,nd ,,lieut4 ,e4 ,p4 ,c4 ,! ,use ( ,railways = ,coa/ & ,h>b\r ,def5ce4 ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 ,,xxxv1 #ahia4 ,,gir\>d1 ,r4,e41 ,,brev-,,lieut4-,,colonel ,,sir ,e4 ,,p]cy ,c4 ,railways 9 ,w>4 ,a lecture deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 ,m>* #bc1 #aije4 ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,j\rnal1 ,july1 #aije4 ,*a?am4 ,,home1 ,c4 ,b41 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,r4 ,on ! ,organisation ( ! ,communications ( an ,army1 includ+ ,railways4 ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 ,,xix1 #ahge4 ,,hopk9s1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,l4 ,e4 ,army ,railway ,organisation4 ,! ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,j\rnal1 ,augu/1 #aije4 ,*a?am4 ,,lu>d1 ,r4,e41 ,,capta9 ,c4 ,e4 ,field ,railways & _! ,g5]al ,application 9 ,w>4 ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 ,,xvii1 #ahgc4 ,,mallet1 ,,rob]t1 ,m4,i4,c4,e41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,see "u ,,g]many3 ,web]1 ,b>on ,m4 ,m4 ,,maquay1 ,r4,e41 ,,col4 ,j4 ,p4 ,railways = ,milit>y ,communication 9 ! ,field4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,*a?am1 ,vol4 ,,viii4 #ahhb4 ,,phelp1 ,s4 ,m4 ,! ,use ( our ,railways 9 ! ,ev5t ( ,invasion or ( a ,european ,w>4 ,! ,railway ,magaz9e1 ,may1 #aija4 ,,port]1 ,r4,e41 ,,maj4-,,g54 ,,:itwor?4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,two vols4 ,london1 #ahhi4 ,vol4 ,,iii1 by ,col4 ,sir ,*as4 ,m4 ,watson1 0 issu$ by ! ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute1 ,*a?am1 9 #aiae4 ,,pry!r*1 ,h4 ,j4 ,! ,great ,ea/]n ,railway & ! ,army ,manoeuvres 9 ,ea/ ,anglia1 #aiab4 ,great ,ea/]n ,railway ,magaz9e1 ,nov41 #aiab4 ,,ro?well1 ,r4,a41 ,,col4 ,j4 ,s41 ,! ,conveyance ( ,troops by ,railway4 ,unit$ ,s]vice ,magaz9e1 ,dec41 #ahia1 & ,jan41 #ahib4 ---- ,! ,reconnaissance ( a ,railway4 ,its ,utilisation & ,de/ruction 9 ,"t ( ,w>4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution4 ,vol4 ,,xxxvi1 pp4 #cfi-hi4 ,london1 #ahib4 ,/rategical ,importance ( ,railways1 ,!4 ,! ,eng9e]1 ,feb4 #af1 #aijj4 ,! ,"p ,play$ by ,railways 9 ,mod]n ,w>f>e4 ,by ,a4,m4,i4,c4,e4 ,l& & ,wat]1 ,jan4 #cj & ,feb4 #f1 #aiae4 ,london4 ,! ,transport ( an ,army4 ,great ,we/]n ,railway ,magaz9e1 ,nov41 #aiji4 ,an acc\nt ( ! "w done by ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway on ! occasion ( ! ,army ,manoeuvres ( #aiji4 ,,tovey1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,/rategy4 #ahhg4 ,section on ,railways1 pp4 #db-di4 #bnd edition1 edit$ by ,t4 ,mill] ,maguire4 ,london1 #aijf4 ,,tyl]1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,h4 ,w41 ,railway ,inspector1 ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,railways ,/rategically ,consid]$4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution4 ,vol4 ,,viii1 pp4 #cba-da4 ,maps4 ,london1 #ahfe4 ,,williams1 ,j4 ,a4 ,our ,railway 9 ,"t ( ,w>4 ,nor?-,ea/]n ,railway ,magaz9e1 ,m>*1 #aiab4 ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps ,army ,book = ! ,briti% ,empire1 ,!4 ,london1 #ahic4 ,ref]5ces to ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps on pp4 #chb & #eca4 ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps4 ,! ,railway ,news1 ,aug4 #h1 #aiad4 ,,jeune1 ,c4 ,h4 ,! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps4 ,great ,ea/]n ,railway ,magaz9e1 ,july1 #aiaa4 ,london4 ,,mcmurdo1 ,c4,b41 ,,maj4-,,g541 ,hon4 ,colonel1 ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps4 ,rifle ,volunte]s = ,field ,s]vice2 a ,lett] to ,comm&+ ,(fic]s ( ,rifle ,corps4 #bg pp4 ,london1 #ahfi4 ,,mcmurdo1 ,,g54 ,,sir ,w4 ,m4 ,article on ,volunte]s1 ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 #i? edition4 ,= ref]5ces to ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,transport ,corps1 see p4 #bie4 ,,walt]1 ,,maj4 ,,james1 #d? ,lanca%ire ,artill]y ,volunte]s4 ,engl&'s ,naval & ,milit>y ,weakness4 ,! ,volunte] ,=ce4 ,london1 #ahhb4 ,ref]5ces to s]vices r5d]$ by ! ,eng9e] & ,railway ,volunte] ,/aff ,corps 9 ! ,volunte] ,reviews ( #ahha4 ,see p4 #cje4 ,(ficial ,publications ,army ,s]vice ,corps ,tra9+4 ,"p ,,iii1 ,transport4 ,section ,,vi1 ,conveyance ( ,w> ,dep>tm5t ,/ores4 #a--,rail4 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,acts ( ,p>liam5t relat+ to ,transport ,s]vices4 #aiaa4 ,field ,s]vice ,pocket ,book4 ,section #cj1 ,transport by ,rail4 ,g5]al ,/aff1 ,w> ,(fice4 #aiad4 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4 ,"p ,i1 ,op]ations4 #aiji4 7,repr9t$1 ) am5dm5ts1 #aiad47 ,*ap4 iii1 ,movem5ts by ,rail1 pp4 #fb-f4 ,"p ,,ii1 ,organisation & ,adm9i/ration4 #aiji4 7,repr9t$1 ) am5dm5ts1 #aiac47 ,*ap4 viii1 ,railway ,transport1 pp4 #ia-if4 ,g5]al ,/aff1 ,w> ,(fice4 ,in/ruction 9 ,milit>y ,eng9e]+4 ,"p ,,vi1 ,milit>y ,railways4 ,w> ,(fice1 #ahih4 ,embodies a portion ( ! c\rse ( in/ruction 9 railways at ! ,s*ool ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+1 ,*a?am4 ,0 fir/ issu$ ) ,army ,ord]s1 dat$ ,m>* #a1 #ahhi1 z a ,manual ( ,milit>y ,railways1 #ie pp4 ,manual ( ,milit>y ,eng9e]+4 ,*ap4 xvii3 ,ha/y ,demolition ( ,railways 444 )\t ,explosives4 ,*ap4 xxiii3 ,railways4 7,te*nical details conc]n+ con/ruction1 repairs & recon/ruction47 #add pp4 ,g5]al ,/aff1 ,w> ,(fice1 #aije4 ,manual ( ,milit>y ,law4 ,w> ,(fice1 #aiad4 ,includes a brief acc\nt ( ! relations ( ! ,/ate to ! railways 9 reg>d to ! conveyance ( troops 7see pp4 #ahd-e71 & gives text ( v>i\s ,p>liam5t>y enactm5ts relat+ !reto4 ,notes on ,reconnaissance & ,survey ( ,milit>y ,railways = ,(fic]s ( ,r4,e4 ,railway ,companies4 ,compil$ 9 ! ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al's ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,w> ,(fice4 #aiaj4 ,railway ,manual 7,w>74 #fd pp4 #aiaa4 ,repr9t$1 ) ,am5dm5ts1 #aiad4 ,regulations = ! ,transport ( ,troops by ,railway ,qu>t]ma/]-,g5]al's ,(fice1 ,horse ,gu>ds1 ,feb4 #bh1 #ahfg4 ,,holl& ,,wijnp]sse1 ,,kapt4 ,w4 ,j4 ,m4 ,v4 ,d4 ,de voorb]eid+ van het militair gebruik d] spoorweg5 9 oorlog/ijd4 #gf pp4 ,plans & plates4 s',grav5hage1 #aije4 ,,india ,,&rew1 ,w4 ,p4 ,our ,sci5tific ,fronti]4 ,london1 #ahhj4 ,,innes1 ,r4,e41 ,,g54 ,j4 ,j4 ,,mcleod4 ,life & ,times ( ,g54 ,sir ,james ,br[ne1 ,r4,e41 ,k4,c4,b41 ,k4,c4,s4,i4 #cga pp4 ,london1 #aije4 ,gives an acc\nt ( ! con/ruction ( ! ,s9d-,pi%9 ,railway1 ( :i* ,sir ,j4 ,br[ne 0 ,*ief ,eng9e]4 ,,lyons1 ,,capt4 ,,g]vais4 ,afghani/an1 ! ,buff] ,/ate4 ,great ,brita9 & ,russia 9 ,c5tral ,asia4 #bcb pp4 ,maps4 ,madras & ,london1 #aiaj4 ,gives1 9 summ>is$ =m1 mu* in=mation conc]n+ ,briti% ,indian fronti] & ,russian ,c5tral ,asian ,railways4 ,milit>y ,railways 9 ,india4 ,prcis ( ,report ( ! ,railway ,transport ,committee1 ,india1 #ahgf4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,occasional ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,*a?am1 #ahgh4 ,,ross1 ,c4,i4,e41 ,,david4 ,milit>y ,transport by ,indian ,railways4 #aji pp4 ,maps & plates4 ,lahore1 #ahhc4 ---- ,transport by ,rail ( ,troops1 ,horses1 ,guns1 & ,w> ,mat]ial 9 ,india4 ,a lecture4 #bd pp4 ,london1 #ahgi4 ,,scott-,,moncrieff1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,g4 ,k4 ,! ,fronti] ,railways ( ,india4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s4 ,occasional ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,,xi1 #ahhe4 ,*a?am4 ,,italy ,,allix1 ,g4 ,la ,mobilisation des ,*em9s de ,f] ,itali5s4 ,j\rnal des ,transports1 #c ,juillet1 #aiae4 ,p>is4 ,,aymon9o1 ,c4 ,considrations ,militaires et ,/ratgiques sur les *em9s de f] itali5s4 ,traduit de l',itali5 p> ,g4 ,malifaud4 #c;e4 d4 #fh pp4 ,p>is1 #ahhi4 ,le ,f]rovie dello ,/ato e le gr&i manovre del #aiaa4,rivi/a ,tecnica della ,f]rovie ,italiane1 ,nov41 #aiab4 ,,zanotti1 ,,mag4 ,b4 ,impiego dei f]rovi]i 9 gu]ra4 #fg pp4 #aijb4 ,,russia ,,f5drikh1 ,,col4 ,a4 ,,von4 ,! ,organisation ( a ,/aff = ,milit>y ,railway ,"w & ( a ,c5tral ,managem5t = ! ,control ( ,roll+ ,/ock 9 ,w> ,"t4 ,translat$ f ,! ,russian ,milit>y ,magaz9e1 by ,capt4 ,j4 ,wolfe ,murray1 ,r4,a41 ,d4,a4,a4,g4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,vol4 ,,xxxii1 #ahhi4 ,,igel1 ,,g54 ,,von4 ,russl&s ,eis5bahnbau an d] ,we/gr5ze4 ,deuts*e ,revue1 ,dec41 #aijb4 ,/uttg>t4 ,k41 ,h4 ,das russis*e ,eis5bahn-,netz zur deuts*5 ,gr5ze 9 se9] ,b$eutung fr e95 ,krieg ,russl&s mit ,deuts*l&4 #bi pp4 ,map4 ,hannov]1 #ahhe4 ,,ni5/,,dt1 ,,ob]/lt4 ,das russis*e ,eis5bahnnetz zur deuts*5-/]rei*is*5 ,gr5ze 9 se9] ,b$eutung fr e95 ,krieg4 #dc pp4 ,map4 ,leipzig1 #ahie4 ,/rategical ,railways4 ,translat$ f ! ,vonnyi ,sbrnik4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,oct41 #ahii4 ,,spa9 ,,taylor1 ,,t54 ,t4 ,l4 ,los f]roc>riles en la gu]ra4 #bhh pp4 ,plates4 ,b>celona1 #ahhe4 ,,switz]l& ,,blas]1 ,,haupt4 ,e4 ,die ,z]/rungs- und ,wi$]h]/ellungs-,arbeit5 von ,eis5bahn54 #bb pp4 ,plates4 ,basel1 #ahga4 ,,h(fmann-,,m]ian1 ,t4 ,die ,eis5bahn5 zum ,trupp5-,transport und fr d5 ,krieg im ,h9blick auf die ,s*weiz4 #b;e4 ,ausg4 ,basel1 #ahga4 ,,n[acki1 ,,k>l4 ,die ,eis5bahn5 im ,kriege4 #afj pp4 ,zuri*1 #aijf4 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,are ,railroads ,neutralis+ ,sea ,p[]8 ,am]ican ,review ( ,reviews1 ,june1 #aiac4 ,,bigel[1 ,,john1 ,capta9 #aj? ,cavalry1 ,u4,s4 ,army4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,/rategy1 illu/rat$ ma9ly f ,am]ican ,campaigns4 #bnd edition4 ,philadelphia1 #ahid4 ,comm]ce ( ! ,ohio & ,we/]n ,riv]s4 ,importance ( ,railroads 9 a ,milit>y po9t ( view4 ,de,bow's ,comm]cial ,review1 ,june1 #aheg4 ,,connor1 ,,maj4 ,w4 ,d4 ,milit>y ,railways4 #aib pp4 ,illu/rations4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s1 ,no4 #cb1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4 ,army4 ,wa%+ton1 #aiaj4 ---- ,op]ation & ,ma9t5ance ( ! ,railroad 9 a ,!atre ( ,w>4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,milit>y ,s]vice ,in/itute4 ,new ,york1 #aije4 ,,d]r1 ,w4 ,l4 ,! work+ ( railways 9 ,milit>y ,op]ations4 ,eng9e]+ ,magaz9e1 ,oct41 #ahih4 ,great ,railroad ,feats dur+ ,w> & ,flood4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 ,po/1 ,april #be1 #aiac4 ,,grim%aw1 ,,rob]t4 ,w> ,capacity ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,railways4 ,sci5tific ,am]ican1 ,may #a1 #aiae4 ,,ha9es1 ,,*>les ,o4 ,our ,railroads & ,national ,def5ce4 ,! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,sept41 #aiae4 ,,haupt1 ,,h]man4 ,milit>y ,bridges 444 includ+ designs = tre/le & truss bridges = milit>y railroads1 adapt$ specially to ! wants ( ! s]vice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #caj pp4 #fi plates4 ,new ,york1 #ahfd4 ,use ( ,railroads 9 ,w>4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,milit>y ,s]vice ,in/itution4 ,vol4 ,,xxi4 ,new ,york1 #ahig4 ,,palm]1 ,,capt4 ,,john ,,mcauley4 ,railroad ,build+ z a ,mode ( ,w>f>e4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,dec41 #aijb4 ,railroads1 & n ,bullets1 w feature ! next ,w>4 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 ,/>1 ,feb4 #aa1 #aiab4 ,,wilson1 ,w4 ,b4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company4 ,two vols4 ,! ,railroad 9 ,w> ,times1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #daa-ah4 ,philadelphia1 #ahii4 ,,ambulance ,,& ,,hospital ,,tra9s ,,furse1 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,g4 ,a4 ,milit>y ,transport4 ,*ap4 vii1 ,railway ,ambulance ,tra9s1 pp4 #ahe-ii4 ,diagrams & illu/rations4 ,london1 #ahhb4 ,,gurlt1 ,,dr4 ,e4 ,ueb] d5 ,transport ,s*w]v]wundet] und ,krank] im ,kriege1 neb/ ,vors*lg5 b] die ,b5utzung d] ,eis5bahn5 dabei4 #cc pp4 ,b]l91 #ahfj4 ,conta9s1 s f> z c be trac$1 ! e>lie/ recomm5dations z to ! special fitt+ up ( railway roll+ /ock = ! transport ( ! sick & w\nd$ 9 w>4 ,,loeffl]1 ,,dr4 ,f4 ,das ,preussis*e ,militr-,sanittswes5 und se9e ,re=m na* d] ,kriegs]fahrung von #ahff4 ,two p>ts4 ,b]l91 #ahfi4 ,9 ! app5dix ( ,"p ,,ii ( ?is "w w be f\nd an ,anleitung zur ,ausfhrung d] ,befrd]ung v]wundet] und krank] ,militairs auf ,eis5bahn51 issu$ ,july #a1 #ahfa4 ,,longmore1 ,,surg4-,,g54 ,,sir ,t4 ,a ,manual ( ,ambulance ,transport4 #bnd edition4 ,edit$ by ,surg4-,capt4 ,w4 ,a4 ,morris4 ,*ap4 vi1 ,class ,v1 ,railway ,ambulance ,transport1 pp4 #cdg-hi4 ,illu/rations4 ,london1 #ahic4 ,! #a/ edition 0 publi%$ 9 #ahfi "u ! title ( ,a ,treatise on ! ,transport ( ,sick & ,w\nd$ ,troops4 ,m$ical & ,surgical ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> ( ! ,rebellion4 ,"p ,,iii1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,surgical ,hi/ory4 ,railway ,transportation1 pp4 #ieg-ga4 ,diagrams & illu/rations ( hospital c>s1 fitt+s1 etc4 ,u4,s4,a4 ,dept4 ( ,w>4 ,surgeon-,g5]al's ,(fice4 ,wa%+ton1 #ahhc4 ,gives a detail$ acc\nt ( ! evolution1 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 ( ! hospital tra9 9 vogue to-day4 ,a copy ( ! "w w be f\nd 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,libr>y4 ,pressm>k3 #gfhf i4 #d4 ,,melville1 ,a4,m4,s41 ,,surg4-,,capt4 ,cont95tal ,regulations = ! ,transport ( ,sick & ,w\nd$ by ,rail4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution4 ,vol4 ,,xlii1 pp4 #efj-ib4 ,london1 #ahih4 ,milit>y ,hospital ,tra9s3 ,_! ,orig9 & ,progress4 ,! ,railway ,gazette1 ,dec4 #d1 #aiad4 ,london4 ,,ni$51 ,j4 ,d] ,eis5bahn-,transport v]wundet] und erkrankt] ,krieg]4 #b ,aufl4 #bga pp4 ,b]l91 #ahhc4 ,,otis1 ,,george ,a4 ,a ,report on a ,plan = ,transport+ ,w\nd$ ,soldi]s by ,railway 9 ,"t ( ,w>4 ,surgeon-,g5]al's ,(fice1 ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ,wa%+ton1 #ahge4 ,! mat]ial p>ts ( ?is "w are reproduc$ 9 ! ,m$ical & ,surgical ,hi/ory ( ! ,w> ( ! ,rebellion4 ,report by ! ,c5tral ,briti% ,r$ ,cross ,committee on ,volunt>y ,organisations 9 aid ( ! ,sick & ,w\nd$ dur+ ! ,s\? ,african ,w>4 ,"p ,,vii1 ,hospital ,tra9s1 pp4 #cb-e4 ,london1 #aijb4 ,report on ! ,m$ical ,arrangem5ts 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>4 ,by ,surg4-,g54 ,sir ,w4 ,d4 ,wilson1 ,k4,c4,m4,g41 late ,pr9cipal ,m$ical ,(fic]1 ,s\? ,african ,field ,=ce4 ,"p ,,ix1 ,hospital ,tra9s1 pp4 #bac-i4 ,london1 #aijd4 ,,riddell1 ,j4 ,,scott4 ,a ,manual ( ,ambulance4 ,section on ,railway ,ambulance ,wagons & ,ambulance ,tra9s1 pp4 #afh-gf4 #f? edition4 ,london1 #aiac4 ,,arm\r$ ,,tra9s ,,adams1 ,w4 ,,bridges4 ,engli% ,railway ,artill]y3 ,a ,*eap ,def5ce aga9/ ,invasion4 ,once a ,week1 ,aug4 #ac1 #ahei4 ,london4 ,arm\r$ ,truck 7,union ,railroad ,batt]y1 ,pet]sburg7 us$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #ahfa-fe4 ,see illu/ration1 ,c5tury ,magaz9e1 ,sept41 #ahhg1 p4 #ggd4 ,,boxall1 ,,*>les ,,g]vaise1 ,col4 ,comm&+ #a/ ,sussex ,artill]y ,volunte]s4 ,arm\r$ ,tra9 = ,coa/ ,def5ce 9 ,great ,brita91 ,!4 ,pap] read at a meet+ ( ,(fic]s & ,n4,c4,o4's ( ! ,brigade at ,ne:av5 ,=t1 ,sussex1 ,may #ad1 #ahid4 #aa pp4 ---- ,railway ,batt]ies & ,arm\r$ ,tra9s4 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,aug41 #ahie4 ,,connor1 ,,maj4 ,w4 ,d4 ,milit>y ,railways4 ,section on ,arm\r$ ,tra9s1 pp4 #ada-ej4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s1 ,no4 #cb1 ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,u4,s4 ,army4 ,wa%+ton1 #aiaj4 ,detail$ ,hi/ory ( ! ,railways 9 ! ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #ahii-aijb4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,section on ,organisation1 ,equipm5t & ,use ( ,arm\r$ ,tra9s4 ,*a?am1 #aije4 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations4 ,"p ,i1 ,op]ations4 #aiji4 7,repr9t$1 ) am5dm5ts1 #aiad47 ,section #dj1 ,def5ce ( ,railways4 ,g5]al ,/aff1 ,w> ,(fice1 ,london4 ,,fitzg]ald1 ,w4 ,c4 ,! ,arm\r$ ,tra94 ,! ,f\r-track ,news1 ,m>*1 #aijf4 ,new ,york4 ,,=b91 ,v4 ,les tra9s bl9ds4 ,nature1 ,dec4 #ab1 #aiad4 ,p>is4 ,,fras]1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4 ,t4 ,arm\r-plat$ ,railway ,wagons us$ dur+ ! late ,sieges ( ,p>is 9 #ahgj-ga4 ,pap]s ( ! ,corps ( ,royal ,eng9e]s1 ,n4,s41 ,vol4 ,,xx4 ,woolwi*1 #ahgb4 ,,gir\>d1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,e4 ,p4 ,c4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,railways dur+ ! ,w> 9 ,s\? ,africa1 #ahii-aijb4 ,section ,v1 ,! ,organisation & ,use ( ,arm\r$ ,tra9s4 ,london1 #aijc4 ,,hob>t1 ,,fr$]ick4 ,! fir/ ,arm\r$ ,tra94 ,railway ,age ,gazette1 ,jan4 #bb1 #aiae4 ,*icago1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,lodian1 ,l4 ,! ,orig9 ( ,arm\r$ ,railroad ,c>s unque/ionably ! ,product ( ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w>4 ,railroad & ,locomotive ,eng9e]+1 ,may1 #aiae4 ,new ,york4 ,reproduces f ,leslie's ,weekly = ,may #ah1 #ahfd1 an illu/ration ( a ,railroad ,batt]y on ! ,philadelphia & ,baltimore ,railway1 %[+ a box c> completely cov]$ ) arm\r plat+1 ) loop-holes at end & side = guns1 & plac$ on ! l9e 9 front ( ! locomotive1 itself o!rwise unprotect$4 ,milit>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,campaign ( #ahhb 9 ,egypt4 ,prep>$ 9 ! ,intellig5ce ,bran* ( ! ,w> ,(fice4 ,revis$ edition4 ,london1 #aijh4 ,ref]5ces to use ( arm\r$ tra94 ,,nance1 ,,capt4 ,h4 ,o4 ,arm\r$ ,tra9s4 ,lecture deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,eng9e]s' ,in/itute4 #eb pp4 ,photographs & draw+s4 ,pr(essional ,pap]s1 f\r? s]ies1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,pap] #d4 ,*a?am1 #aijf4 ,! subject is dealt ) 9 ?ree sections3 7#a7 ,uses ( ,arm\r$ ,tra9s2 7#b7 ,con/ruction1 equipm5t & g>rison2 7#c7 ,organisation & adm9i/ration4 ,railway ,manual 7,w>74 ,*apt] ,,vi1 ,section #ae1 ,arm\r$ ,tra9s4 ,london1 #aiaa4 ,,walk]1 ,,lieut4 ,,ar?ur4 ,coa/ ,railways & ,railway ,artill]y4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,unit$ ,s]vice ,in/itution1 ,vol4 ,,ix1 pp4 #bba-bc4 ,plates4 ,london1 #ahff4 ,,index ,,abyss9ian ,,campaign3 ,con/ruction & work+ ( milit>y railway1 #baj-ad4 ,,adams1 ,,william ,,bridges3 #fg-i4 ,,advantages ,,f ,,use ,,( ,,railways3 #cde-ej4 ,,africa1 ,,g]man ,,designs ,,on3 ,proposals ( von ,web]1 #big2 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 #bih-cjj2 ! ,h]]o ris+1 #cjj-a2 railways1 #cjd-aj2 milit>y prep>ations1 #cjg1 #caj-ab2 rail connection ) ,angola1 #cab-ad2 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa ,c5tral ,railway1 #cad-g2 ,katanga di/rict1 #caf2 ,c5tral ,africa1 #cah2 rival railway s*emes1 #cai-bj2 railway s*emes 9 ! ,cam]oons1 #cbj-e2 (ficial admissions1 #cbe-f2 d] ,tag & its programme1 #cbf-cj4 ,,agadir ,,crisis1 ,,!3 #cbd4 ,,aggression1 ,,use ,,( ,,railways ,,=3 #cee-f4 ,,alex&] ,,! ,,great3 #fc4 ,,alex&retta1 ,,g]many ,,&3 #ccd1 #cdc4 ,,alexeiev1 ,,admiral3 #bge4 ,,ambulance ,,tra9s3 see ,,railway ,,ambulance ,,transport4 ,,am]ican ,,civil ,,w>3 ,:at x e/abli%$1 #ac2 railway l9es1 #ae2 ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & railways1 #af2 mileage tak5 ov]1 #ah2 gauge ( l9es1 #ah2 condition ( l9es1 #ai2 ,transportation ,dep>tm5t1 #bj-a2 locomotives1 #ba-b2 roll+ mills1 #bc2 movem5t ( troops1 #bc-e2 de/ruction ( railways1 #bg-h2 ,con/ruction ,corps1 #bi-cg2 control ( railways1 #dc-ej2 protection (1 #ed-e2 arm\r$ c>s1 #gb-d2 removal ( sick & w\nd$1 #hf-ia2 ,am]ican prec$5ts foll[$ 9 ,europe1 #ajd1 #abb1 #aec1 #agg2 surface railroads1 #baj2 ! ,civil ,w> & ! ,s\? ,african campaign1 #beh 7n474 ,,anatolia3 #cca1 #cce4 ,,anatolian ,,railway1 ,,!3 #ccd4 ,,angola3 #bii1 #cab-d1 #cbj4 ,,arm\r$ ,,tra9s3 ,protection ( railway l9es1 #ei2 fir/ sugge/$1 #fg-i2 proposals ( ,lieut4 ,a4 ,walk]1 #fi-gj2 ( ,col4 ,we!r$1 #gj-ga2 ( ,lieut4 ,e4 ,p4 ,c4 ,gir\>d1 #ga-b2 ,civil ,w>1 #gb-d2 ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 #ge2 ,egyptian ,campaign1 #ge-f1 #bbd2 ,delhi1 #gf2 exp]im5ts 9 ,france1 #gg2 at ,ne:av51 ,sussex1 #gg-i2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #gi1 #bdh-eb4 ,,asia ,,m9or3 ,g]many's %>e 9 ! ,turki% spoils1 #ccb2 ,g]many's colonisation field1 #ccb-c2 propos$ ,g]man protectorate1 #ccc4 ,,asp9all1 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,f43 #aig4 ,,atlantic ,,& ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,,railroad3 #cf1 #gc4 ,,au/ralia ,,& ,,! ,,baghdad ,,railway3 #cdb1 #cdd4 ,,au/ria-,,hung>y3 ,e>ly troop movem5ts by rail1 #h-i2 s*eme = /rategical railways1 #i2 ,italian campaign ( #ahei1 #aa-ab2 ,railway ,troops1 #abc2 ,g]man rail communications1 #bhg4 ,,au/ro-,,prussian ,,campaign3 ,protection ( railways1 #ee1 #ei2 removal ( sick & w\nd$1 #ia-b2 ,prussian mobilisation1 #ajd2 defective transport arrangem5ts1 #ajd-e2 de/ruction & re/oration ( railway l9es1 #abd-f4 ,,babylonia1 ,,g]many ,,&3 #ccb4 ,,baghdad ,,railway1 ,,!3 ,concession1 #ccd2 bran*es1 #ccd-e2 ,g]many's aims1 #ccf2 ! conque/ ( ,egypt1 #cch-dj2 ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 #cda2 ,india1 #cdb2 ,capt4 ,mahan's views1 #cdb2 ! desir$ ext5sion to ,k[eit1 #cdc2 :at ! railway 0 to accompli%1 #cdd4 ,,balck3 #aaj4 ,,baltimore ,,& ,,ohio ,,railroad3 #bi4 ,,basson1 ,,wilhelm3 #abg4 ,,beck]1 ,,lieut43 #afi-gj4 ,,belgium3 ,e>ly ,railways 91 #d-e2 ,g]man /rategical l9es on ,belgian fronti]1 #bhh-bid2 ,g]man designs1 #cbc-d1 #cbe-f1 #cbg1 #cbi4 ,b,,rigny1 ,m4 ,,de3 #g4 ,,bey5s1 ,,b>on3 #cbe4 ,,bigel[1 ,,capt4 ,j43 #ef1 #cdh 7n474 ,,bill+ton1 ,,mr4 ,r4 ,j43 #gh4 ,,bism>ck1 ,,pr9ce3 #acf1 #cch4 ,,blockh\ses ,,= ,,protection ,,( ,,railways3 #ed1 #eh1 #bde4 ,,b\lg]1 ,,mr4 ,d4 ,c43 #bhh1 #bid4 ,,boxall1 ,,col4 ,c4 ,g43 #gh4 ,,briti% ,,c5tral ,,r$ ,,cross ,,committee3 #ie1 #bed4 ,,briti% ,,ea/ ,,africa3 #cag1 #cbg4 ,,briti% ,,s\? ,,africa3 ,g]man designs on1 #cja1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cjh1 #cab1 #cbg4 ,,bryd51 ,,mr4 ,h4 ,a43 #cjj 7n474 ,,budde1 ,h43 #ea4 ,,bull]1 ,,sir ,,r$v]s3 #bed4 ,,burgoyne1 ,,sir ,,john3 #agh1 #bji4 ,,butt]wor?1 ,,sir ,a4 ,k43 #aig4 ,,cal$onian ,,rly43 #aig4 ,,cal?rop1 ,,mr4 ,,guy3 #aig4 ,,cam]oons1 ,,!3 #cbj-e4 ,,camp5au1 ,,g543 #acg4 ,,canals ,,& ,,troops3 #a4 ,,cape ,,gov]nm5t ,,railways3 #bcg1 #bdj1 #bdf1 #bec4 ,,cape-,,to-,,cairo ,,railway3 #cbj4 ,,c5tral ,,africa3 #cah-bj4 ,,*,,radame1 ,m4 ,,&r3 #cch4 ,,*ri/ian1 ,,pr9cess3 #bed4 ,,cl>ke1 ,,sir ,,&rew3 #bbd4 ,,coa/ ,,def5ce3 #fg1 #agi4 ,,comm]ce ,,def5ce ,,league1 ,,! ,,g]man3 #cjc 7n474 ,,congo1 ,,! ,,belgian3 #cae-cbj1 #cbb-f4 ,,conditions ,,ess5tial ,,to ,,effici5cy3 #cej-b4 ,,connor1 ,,maj4 ,w4 ,d43 #eh1 #hj1 #beh 7n474 ,,con/ruction ,,corps3 ,u4,s4,a41 #bj1 #ba1 #bc1 #bi-cg2 ,prussia1 #abb-c1 #abd-h1 #acb-f1 #bae-f1 #bai2 ,au/ria1 #abc-d2 ,bav>ia1 #abg-acc2 ,france1 #abh1 #aeb-d2 ,engl&1 #aih-bjb2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #bdb-e2 ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #bgc-d4 ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,railways3 ,milit>y requirem5ts1 #cej-a4 ,,control ,,( ,,railways ,,9 ,,w>3 ,conditions ( op]ation1 #dj-c2 ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #dc-ej2 views ( ,b>on ,m4 ,m4 von ,web]1 #ej-b2 ne$ = int]m$i>ies1 #eb2 organisation 9 peace1 #ii2 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #ajd-e2 ,g]man sy/em 9 #ahgj-ga1 #ajf-aae2 new regulations1 #aae-g2 pres5t sy/em1 #aah-aba2 ineffici5t milit>y control 9 ,france 9 #ahgj-ga1 #aci-adg2 creation ( new organisation1 #adi-agj2 ,/ate control 9 ,engl&1 #agf-g2 draft s*eme = ,/ate op]ation1 #ahe-g2 ,railway ,transport ,(fic]s1 #ahi-aia2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #bcc-g1 #bch-i1 #bdi-eb2 ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #bgd-e2 g5]al1 #cea4 ,,c[ans1 ,,lieut4-,,g54 ,,sir ,j4 ,s43 #bjd4 ,,crimean ,,w>3 ,dea?s f sickness & disease1 #ha2 removal ( sick & w\nd$ by railway1 #hc2 transport conditions1 #bjg-h2 con/ruction ( milit>y railway1 #bjh2 op]ation1 #bjh-aj2 recall$ by ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #bfj4 ,,crom]1 ,,"l3 #bbi4 ,,dani% ,,w> 7#ahfd73 #ia1 #ajd4 ,,delagoa ,,bay3 #cjd-e1 #cbg4 ,,delbr,,ck1 ,,pr(4 ,,hans3 #ccj4 ,,d5t1 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,h43 #aig4 ,,d5t1 ,,mr4 ,f4 ,h43 #aig4 ,,de/ruction ,,( ,,railways3 ,vuln]ability1 #bf-g2 e>ly in/ances1 #bg2 ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #bg-cg2 ,mexican ,w>1 #cg-i2 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #abd1 #abe-f2 ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 #abh-cj2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #bda-e1 #bef-h2 ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #bgd4 ,,disadvantages ,,( ,,railways3 #cee-f4 ,,dufaure1 ,m43 #g4 ,,dumant1 ,,jean ,,h5ri3 #hd4 ,,ea/ ,,prussia1 ,,/rategical ,,railways ,,93 #bhc4 ,,egypt3 ,g]man anticipations ( rebellion1 #cbf2 aims aga9/ ,egypt1 #cch-i2 conque/ to be facilitat$ by railways1 #cdj4 ,,egyptian ,,campaigns3 ,arm\r$ c>s1 #ge-f2 ,railway ,companies1 ,royal ,eng9e]s1 #aii4 ,,eifel ,,di/rict3 ,g]man /rategical railways1 #bhi-bib4 ,,els5born1 ,,g]man ,,camp ,,at3 #bhh-i4 ,,eng9e] ,,& ,,railway ,,/aff ,,corps3 ,=mation1 #agi-ahb2 con/itution1 #aha-b2 functions & "w done1 #ahb-g1 #aib2 supplem5t$ by ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil1 #ahg4 ,,engl&1 ,,organisation ,,93 ,e>ly regulation = troop movem5ts1 #b2 legislative enactm5ts1 #age-g2 invasion prospects & =mation ( ,volunte] ,corps1 #agh2 ,eng9e] & ,railway ,/aff ,corps1 #agi-ahg2 attitude ( ,w> ,(fice1 #ahj2 ,w> ,(fice & def5ce s*eme1 #ahe-g2 ,w> ,railway ,c\ncil1 #ahg-i2 ,railway ,transport ,(fic]s1 #ahi-aia2 ,railways ,executive ,committee1 #aie-g2 ,railway ,companies1 ,royal ,eng9e]s1 #bjj-b4 ,,ern\f1 ,,b>on3 #ada4 ,,evans1 ,,dr4 ,t4 ,w43 #ia4 ,,fay1 ,,sir ,,sam3 #aig4 ,,fieldh\se1 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,j43 #ie4 ,,f9dlay1 ,,sir ,,george3 #ahd-g1 #aie1 #aif1 #bjb4 ,,=bes1 ,,sir ,,william3 #ahb1 #aig4 ,,=manoir1 ,,capta9 ,a4 ,,de3 #abd 7n474 ,,=tresses ,,= ,,protection ,,( ,,railways3 #ei4 ,,france3 ,e>ly ref]5ces 9 ,fr5* ,*amb]1 #f-g2 compla9ts 9 #ahdb ( ,g]man aggressive l9es1 #g2 e>ly railways1 #g2 railways & ! ,italian campaign ( #ahei1 #i-aa2 e>ly regulations1 #ach2 ,m>%al ,niel's ,commission1 #ach-i2 exp]i5ces 9 ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 #aci-adh2 ,g]man railway l9es on ,fr5* fronti]s1 #bhg-h2 ,g]many's alt]native r\tes1 via ,luxemburg1 #bhh2 via ,belgium1 #bhh-ic2 ,fr5* possessions 9 ,africa to be seiz$ by ,g]many1 #cbf2 to be dem&$ z ransom1 #cbi4 ,,france1 ,,organisation ,,93 ,e>ly regulations1 #ach2 action tak5 aft] ! ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 #adi-ej2 ,sup]ior ,milit>y ,commission1 #aej1 #aea-b2 ,field ,railway ,sections1 #aec-d2 ,railway ,troops1 #aed-f2 exi/+ organisation1 #aeg-afh2 te/s1 #afi2 views ( ,g]man au?ority1 #afi2 def5sive railways1 #agj-d4 ,,franco-,,g]man ,,w>3 ,,france3 ,arm\r$ wagons1 #ge2 rail-transport regulations1 #ach2 ! ,niel ,commission1 #ach-i2 despat*es by rail1 #aci-dj2 abs5ce ( milit>y organisation1 #adj2 confusion & *aos1 #adj-b2 conflict+ ord]s1 #adb2 local au?orities1 #adc2 unload+1 #adc-d2 conge/ion at /ations1 #ade-g2 seizure ( roll+ /ock by enemy1 #adg4 ,,franco-,,g]man ,,w>3 ,,g]many3 ,safegu>d+ ( railway l9es1 #ef-h2 removal ( sick & w\nd$1 #id-e2 rail transport conditions1 #ajf-aae2 ,railway ,troops1 #abg-h2 de/ruction ( l9es1 etc41 #abh-cj2 op]ation ( ,fr5* l9es by ,g]mans1 #acj-a2 con/ruction ( milit>y l9es1 #bae-f4 ,,franc-,,tireurs ,,& ,,railways3 #eg1 #abi-cj4 ,,fras]1 ,r4 ,e41 ,,lieut43 #abi4 ,,fr$]icksburg ,,railroad3 #bi4 ,,fr5* ,,trans-,,african ,,railway ,,s*eme3 #cbb4 ,,fr]e1 ,,sir ,,b>tle3 #big4 ,,friron1 ,,g543 #fd4 ,,furley1 ,,sir ,,john3 #ie1 #if1 #bed4 ,,gambon1 ,m43 #cbe4 ,,gauge1 ,,railway3 ,v>i\s c\ntries1 #fj2 ,russian policy 9 respect to1 #fa2 exp]i5ces 9 ,russo-,turki% ,w>1 #fa1 #bag2 ,g]many & ,russian l9es1 #bhd-f4 ,,g]man ,,ea/ ,,africa3 #cad-e1 #caf-g4 ,,g]man ,,emp]or1 ,,!3 ,african railways1 #cba2 visit to ,con/ant9ople1 #ccd2 to ,damascus1 #ccg4 ,,g]man ,,s\?-,,we/ ,,africa3 #bih-cab4 ,,g]many ,,& ,,egypt3 #cch-dj4 ,,g]many3 ,e>ly proposals = /rategical railways1 #b-c2 e>ly railways con/ruct$1 #e2 possible attacks on two fronts1 #e2 aggressive l9es1 #g2 e>ly troop transports1 #h2 control ( railways 9 w>1 #ej-eb2 railway ambulance transport1 #hd-f1 #ia-c1 #id2 see also ,,g]many1 ,,organisation ,,94 ,,g]many1 ,,organisation ,,93 ,influ5ce ( ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #ajd1 #abb2 ,railway ,section ( ,g5]al ,/aff =m$1 #ajd2 ,dani% ,w> 7#ahfd71 #ajd2 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #ajd-f2 ,r\te ,s]vice ,regulation1 #ajf-i2 ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 #aaj-ae2 fur!r ,regulations1 #aae-f2 ,field ,s]vice ,regulations1 #aag2 pres5t basis ( organisation1 #aah-aba2 ,railway ,troops1 #abb-cg4 ,,gir\>d1 ,,sir ,e4 ,,p]cy ,c43 #ga1 #bbe1 #bbh1 #bcc-g1 #bch-i1 #bdj-a1 #bdh-i1 #beb1 #beg1 #beh 7n474 ,,goltz1 ,,von ,,d]3 #ace1 #aci1 #bhb1 #cdf 7n471 #ceb4 ,,gordon1 ,,g543 #bba1 #bbb4 ,,graham1 ,,g54 ,,sir ,g43 #bbc1 #bbd 7n474 ,,granet1 ,,sir ,,guy3 #aig4 ,,grant1 ,,capt4 ,m4 ,h43 #bea4 ,,grant1 ,,g543 #bb4 ,,great ,,c5tral ,,railway1 #aig4 ,,great ,,ea/]n ,,rly43 #aid1 #bjd4 ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,rly43 #aid1 #aig1 #bjd4 ,,great ,,we/]n ,,railway3 #aib1 #aie 7n471 #aig4 ,,grey1 ,,e>l ,,de3 #ahj4 ,,grund ,,sy/em ,,( ,,railway ,,fitt+s3 #id4 ,,gurlt1 ,,dr4 ,e43 #ha1 #hd1 #he4 ,,gyulia1 ,,c\nt3 #ab4 ,,halleck1 ,,g543 #bc-d4 ,,hamley1 ,,g54 ,,sir ,e43 #bjg1 #cdi 7n474 ,,h>kort1 ,f4 ,w43 #b-c4 ,,h>rison1 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,f43 #bdg4 ,,haupt1 ,,h]man3 ,pione] ( ,con/ruction ,corps1 ,u4,s4,a41 #bi-cj2 rebuild+ ( bridges1 #ca-b2 control que/ions1 #dc-i2 arm\r$ c>1 #gb4 ,,h$jaz ,,railway3 #cce4 ,,h]b]t1 ,,mr4 ,,sidney3 #ahj4 ,,h]ff1 ,,h]r ,,von3 #cje4 ,,hey]1 ,,mr4 ,a4 ,e43 #cje4 ,,h9e1 ,,maj4 ,,*>les3 #cg4 ,,hob>t1 ,,mr4 ,f43 #gc4 ,,holl&3 ,g]man /rategical l9es on ,dut* fronti]1 #bic-d4 ,,home1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut4-,,col4 ,r43 #fc4 ,,hood1 ,,g543 #ce4 ,,hospital ,,tra9s2 see ,,railway ,,ambulance ,,transport4 ,,india3 ,g]man anticipations ( rebellion1 #cbf2 ! ,baghdad railway & ,india1 #cdb1 #cdd4 ,,invasion ,,( ,,engl&3 ,fe>s (1 #fg1 #agg-h1 #ahb4 ,,italian ,,campaign 7#ahei73 ,conveyance ( troops by rail1 #i-ac2 de/ruction ( railway l9es1 #bg2 removal ( sick & w\nd$ by rail1 #hd4 ,,jacqm91 ,m43 #adc1 #adh1 #bce4 ,,jag[1 ,,h]r ,,von3 #cbe-f4 ,,joe/51 ,,dr4 ,,josef3 #bha1 #bhc4 ,,ka]g]1 ,,dr4 ,,k>l3 #ccb-c4 ,,katanga ,,di/rict 7,c5tral ,africa73 #caf-bj4 ,,kelton1 ,j4 ,c43 #ej4 ,,kit*5]1 ,,"l3 #eh1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bci4 ,,kuropatk91 ,,g543 #bfc1 #bfi-gj1 #bga1 #bge1 #cee 7n474 ,,lam>que1 ,,g543 #f4 ,,lanca%ire ,,& ,,york%ire ,,rly43 #aig4 ,,l& ,,transport ,,corps 7,crimea73 #aha 7n471 #bjh1 #bji4 ,,langhams1 ,,paul3 #cch4 ,,lanoir1 ,m4 ,,paul3 #acf-g4 ,,lattmann1 ,,h]r3 #cjf4 ,,l$eb\r1 ,,h]r3 #cjb4 ,,leopold1 ,,k+3 #cah1 #cbe4 ,,limitations ,,9 ,,usefulness ,,( ,,railways3 #ceb-e4 ,,liv]pool ,,& ,,man*e/] ,,rly43 #a1 #h4 ,,lobito ,,bay ,,rly43 #cad1 #cai-bj4 ,,lodian1 ,,mr4 ,l43 #gc4 ,,london ,,& ,,nor? ,,we/]n ,,rly43 #aid1 #aig4 ,,london ,,& ,,s\? ,,we/]n ,,rly43 #aib1 #aic1 #aig1 #aii1 #bja4 ,,london1 ,,brighton ,,& ,,s\? ,,coa/ ,,rly43 #gg-h1 #aig4 ,,london1 ,,*a?am ,,& ,,dov] ,,rly43 #aii4 ,,london1 ,,def5ce ,,(3 #ga4 ,,lorme1 ,m4 ,,dupuy ,,de3 #ge4 ,,lu>d1 ,r4 ,e41 ,,capt4 ,c4 ,e43 #bji4 ,l,,d]itz1 ,,adolf3 #bih4 ,,luxemburg ,,railways3 #bhh1 #bhi1 #bib4 ,,mccallum1 ,d4 ,g43 ,appo9t$ ,milit>y ,director1 etc41 ,u4 ,s4 railroads1 #ag-ah2 views on situation1 #ai2 creation ( ,transportation ,dep>tm5t & ,con/ruction ,corps1 #bj1 #cb-cg2 movem5t ( troops1 #bc-d2 "q ( control1 #ej2 ,g]man translation ( report1 #abg4 ,,mcd[ell1 ,,g543 #cj1 #ed4 ,,mcmurdo1 ,,g54 ,,sir ,w4 ,m43 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb-c4 ,,mahan1 ,,capt4 ,a4 ,t43 #cdb1 #cdd4 ,,manassas ,,gap ,,railway3 #ee4 ,,manby1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,,mr4 ,c43 #ahj4 ,,mangelsdorf1 ,,pr(4 ,r43 #cdj4 ,,maquay1 ,r4 ,e41 ,,col4 ,j4 ,p43 #bad4 ,,m>s*all1 ,m41 #g4 ,,mass,,na1 ,,m>%al3 #fd4 ,,ma!son1 ,,mr4 ,d4 ,a43 #aig4 ,,meade1 ,,maj4-,,g54 ,g4 ,g43 #ed4 ,,meigs1 ,,g543 #dh4 ,,mexico1 ,,railway ,,de/ruction ,,93 #cg-i4 ,,midl& ,,railway3 #aig4 ,,milit>y ,,op]ation ,,( ,,railways3 ,civil ,w>1 #bj-a2 ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 #acj-a2 ,briti% organisation1 #age2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #bci-da2 ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #cgd4 ,,milit>y ,,railways3 ,description (1 #bje-f2 pione] milit>y l9e 9 ,crimean ,w>1 #bjf-aj2 ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #baj2 ,abyss9ian ,campaign1 #baj-ad2 ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 #bae-f2 ,russo-,turki% ,w>1 #baf-bj2 ! ,sudan1 #bbj-bca2 ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #bgb-c2 g5]al1 #cdi4 ,,mill>1 ,r4 ,a41 ,,maj43 #i4 ,,moltke1 ,,von3 #h1 #ajf1 #aji1 #bgh1 #cdf 7n474 ,,mora*e1 ,,dr43 #ha4 ,,muni 7,spani%73 #cbd4 ,,nance1 ,,capt4 ,h4 ,o43 #hj4 ,,nanton1 ,r4 ,e41 ,,capt4 ,h4 ,c43 #bej4 ,,napi] ,,( ,,magdala1 ,,"l3 #baj4 ,,napi]1 ,,sir ,,*>les3 #agh4 ,,napoleon3 #fb1 #fc1 #fd4 ,,na%ville ,,& ,,*attanooga ,,rly43 #cc1 #cd4 ,,natal ,,gov]nm5t ,,railways3 #bcg1 #bdf-h1 #bec4 ,,natal ,,railway ,,pione] ,,/aff3 #bdg4 ,,na?an1 ,r4 ,e41 ,,lieut4 ,m43 #bbc4 ,,national ,,def5ce ,,act1 #ahhh3 #agg1 #aie4 ,,ne!rl&s ,,s\? ,,african ,,rly43 #bdj1 #bed-h4 ,,niel1 ,,m>%al3 #ach1 #aci4 ,,norton1 ,mr4 ,,roy3 #bhf4 ,,nor? ,,ea/]n ,,rly43 #aig4 ,,nor? ,,miss\ri ,,railroad3 #bi4 ,o',,connor1 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,k43 #caj-ab1 #cbf-g4 ,,orange ,,& ,,alex&ria ,,railroad3 #df1 #ee1 #hh4 ,,osman ,,pa%a3 #bah4 ,,panz1 ,,ob]/4 ,,von3 #abc4 ,,peel1 ,,g543 #agf4 ,,p]not1 ,,capt4 ,a43 #agb1 #agd4 ,,philadelphia-,,baltimore ,,railroad3 #gc4 ,,philadelphia ,,railroad3 #hg4 ,,pom]ania1 ,,/rategical ,,railways ,,93 #bhc4 ,p,,nitz1 ,c4 ,e43 #d-f1 #bhj4 ,,pope1 ,,g543 #dc4 ,,port]1 ,,maj4-,,g54 ,,:itwor?3 #bji1 #bbd4 ,,pott]1 ,,mr4 ,f43 #aig4 ,,p[ell1 ,,maj43 #bji4 ,,prep>ations ,,9 ,,peace3 ,ne$ =1 #ih-ajb2 #ajf1 #abc1 #ach1 #adi1 #agh-ahj1 #ahd1 #cea-b4 ,,protection ,,( ,,railways ,,9 ,,w>3 ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #ed-e2 blockh\ses1 #ed1 #eh2 plac+ ( civilians on eng9es or tra9s1 #ee1 #eg-h2 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #ee-f2 ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 #ef-h2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #eh2 p]man5t =tresses1 #ei2 use ( arm\r$ tra9s1 #ei2 removal ( roll+ /ock1 #ei2 de/ruction (1 #fj2 diff]5t gauge1 #fj-a2 t]roris+ ( civil population1 #cef4 ,,prussian ,,railway ,,troops3 ,=mation ( ,field ,railway ,section1 #abb2 op]ations 9 ,au/ro-,prussian campaign1 #abc1 #abd-f2 p]man5t cadre1 #abg2 ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 #abg-h1 #acj-a2 ,railway ,battalion1 #acb-d2 ,railway ,regim5t1 #acd2 ,communication ,troops1 #acd2 ne$ = ,railway ,troops1 #ace-f2 railwaym5 z spies1 #acf-g2 con/ruction ( milit>y l9es1 #bae-f4 ,,radek1 ,,h]r ,,k>l3 #cci-dj4 ,,railway ,,ambulance ,,transport3 ,dea?s f disease & sickness1 #ha2 importance ( prompt removal ( sick & w\nd$1 #hb-c2 ,crimean ,w>1 #hc2 ,italian ,w>1 #hd2 recomm5dations by ,dr4 ,gurlt1 #hd-e2 fir/ ,prussian ,commission1 #he2 ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #hf-ia2 ,dani% ,w>1 #ia2 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #ia-b2 second ,prussian ,commission1 #ib-c2 ,p>is ,int]national ,exhibition 7#ahfg71 #ic2 ?ird ,prussian ,commission1 #id2 ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 #id-e2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #ie-f1 #bec-d2 me?ods n[ 9 vogue1 #if-g4 ,,railway ,,companies1 ,,royal ,,eng9e]s3 ,=mation1 #aii2 s]vices 9 ,egypt1 #aii2 duties1 #bjj2 tra9+1 #bjj-b2 s]vices 9 ! ,sudan1 #bba-i2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #bcc1 #bdj1 #bdb1 #bdc1 #bea4 ,,railway ,,pione] ,,regim5t3 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,,railways ,,executive ,,committee3 #aie-f4 ,,railway ,,transport ,,(fic]s3 #ahi-aia1 #aic-d4 ,,railway ,,wagons1 ,,unload+ ,,(3 ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 #df1 #dg-h2 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #aje2 ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 #aaa-b1 #add1 #ade2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #bcd1 #bch1 #bci4 ,,regulation ,,( ,,! ,,=ces ,,act1 #ahga3 #agf1 #agg1 #aie1 #aif1 #aig4 ,,r51 ,,c>l3 #cba-b4 ,,reprisals1 ,,prussia ,,&3 #ee-f4 ,,rhodesia3 #cbj1 #cbb1 #cbg4 ,,rob]ts1 ,,"l3 #eh1 #bde4 ,,rob]tus1 ,j4 ,k43 #ccb4 ,,rohrba*1 ,,dr4 ,,paul3 #cch-i1 #cdj4 ,,roon1 ,,von3 #he4 ,,ros*]1 ,,wilhelm3 #ccb4 ,,ross1 ,,pr(4 ,,ludwig3 #cch4 ,,ro?well1 ,r4 ,a41 ,,col4 ,j4 ,s43 #ahd4 ,,rumigny1 ,,g543 #c ,,russia3 ,e>ly troop movem5ts by rail1 #h2 policy 9 respect to railway gauge1 #fa1 #ace-f1 #bag2 milit>y l9es built 9 campaign aga9/ ,turkey1 #baf-bbj2 ,g]man /rategical l9es on ,russian fronti]1 #bhd-g4 ,see also ,,russo-,,japanese ,,w>4 ,,russo-,,japanese ,,w>3 ,di/ances f !atre ( w>1 #bfj2 ! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railway1 #bfa1 #bfb-c2 ,*9ese ,ea/]n ,railway1 #bfa1 #bfb2 unread9ess ( ,russia1 #bfc2 ,lake ,baikal1 #bfc1 #bfd-g2 ice railway across ! lake1 #bff-g2 circum-,baikal l9e1 #bfg2 traffic h9drances1 #bfh2 numb] ( tra9s1 #bfh2 spe$1 #bfh2 ,russian re9=cem5ts 9 driblets1 #bfi2 rail improvem5ts1 #bgj-a2 dep5d5ce on railway1 #bga2 results accompli%$1 #bga-b2 field railways1 #bgb-c2 ,railway ,troops1 #bgc-d2 op]ation1 #bgd2 control1 #bgd-f1 #cee 7n474 ,,russo-,,turki% ,,w>3 ,railway gauge1 #fa2 con/ruction ( milit>y railways1 #baf-bj4 ,,sa,d ,,pa%a3 #bba4 ,,samassa1 ,,dr4 ,,paul3 #cja-b4 ,,s>olea1 ,,dr4 ,,*>les3 #ccg4 ,,s*,,ff]1 ,e43 #aac 7n474 ,,s*leswig-,,hol/e93 ,g]man /rategical l9es1 #bid4 ,,s*(ield1 ,,g543 #bd4 ,,scott1 ,,maj4-,,g54 ,d4 ,a43 #aha4 ,,%]man1 ,,g54 ,w4 ,t43 #ai1 #cd-f1 #ed1 #fe4 ,,sick ,,& ,,w\nd$ ,,9 ,,w>3 ,evacuation hospitals1 #afg2 infirm>y /ations1 #afg2 di/ribution /ations1 #afg2 g5]al1 #cdi-ej4 ,see also1 ,,railway ,,ambulance ,,transport4 ,,s\? ,,african ,,w>3 ,removal ( locomotives & roll+ /ock1 #ei-fj2 hospital tra9s1 #ie-f1 #bec-d2 transport ( troops = emb>kation1 #aic2 ,s\? ,african railways1 #bcb-c2 creation ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,milit>y ,railways1 #bcc2 control que/ions1 #bcc-e2 basis ( organisation1 #bce-g2 transport conditions1 #bcg-h2 h[ ! sy/em work$1 #bch-i2 ,imp]ial ,milit>y ,railways1 #bci-dj2 ne$ = op]at+ /aff organis$ 9 "t ( peace1 #bdj-a2 de/ruction & repair ( l9es1 etc41 #bda-e2 ,railway ,pione] ,regim5t1 #bdb2 blockh\ses1 #bde2 milit>y traffic1 #bde-f2 miscellane\s s]vices1 #bdf-h2 arm\r$ tra9s1 #bdh-eb2 op]ation ( ,ne!rl&s ,s\? ,african ,railway by ,bo]s1 #bed-i2 ! w> & rail-p[]1 #beh-i4 ,,s\? ,,c>ol9a ,,railroad3 #cf4 ,,s\? ,,ea/]n ,,& ,,*a?am ,,rly43 #aig4 ,,s\? ,,ea/]n ,,rly43 #aii4 ,,spr5g]1 ,,dr4 ,a43 #ccb4 ,,/anton1 ,,mr43 #bc1 #bi4 ,,/avelot-,,malm,,dy ,,l9e3 #bhh-bib4 ,,/e9netz1 ,,mr4 ,t43 #bee-h4 ,,/rategical ,,movem5ts ,,by ,,rail3 #ab1 #be1 #bde-f1 #cdf4 ,,/rategical ,,railways3 ,e>ly proposals 9 ,g]many1 #b1 #e-f1 #g2 ,france1 #g2 ,au/ria1 #i2 def5sive l9es 9 ,france1 #agj-d2 position 9 ,great ,brita91 #bjb2 connect+ l9ks1 #bjc2 attitude ( ,p>liam5t1 #bjc2 ,nor!rn ,junction l9e1 #bjc-d2 nature ( /rategical railways1 #bgg-hj2 ideal conditions1 #bgi-ha2 position 9 ,g]many1 #bha-d2 ,pom]ania & ,ea/ ,prussia1 #bhc-d2 ,russian fronti]1 #bhd-g2 s\!rn ,silesia1 #bhg2 ,fr5* fronti]1 #bhg-h2 ,belgian fronti]1 #bhh-ic2 ,dut* fronti]1 #bic-d2 ,s*leswig-,hol/e91 #bid2 ,g]man ,s\?-,we/ ,africa1 #cjd-i2 ,angola1 #cab-d2 ,g]man ,ea/ ,africa1 #cad-e2 ,cam]oons1 #cbj-d2 ,baghdad ,railway1 #ccd-cdd4 ,,/u>t-,,/eph5s1 ,,maj43 #bij 7n474 ,,/urgis1 ,,g543 #dd4 ,,suak9-,,b]b] ,,l9e3 #aii1 #bbc-e4 ,,supplies ,,= ,,troops3 ,w> ( ,secession1 #ae-af1 #df2 liv+ on ! c\ntry1 #fc1 #fd1 #fe2 conditions 9 pre-railway days1 #fc-d2 discipl9e1 #fd2 road transport1 #fe2 advantages ( rail transport1 #fe-f2 defective organisation1 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #aje2 new sy/em = ,g]many1 #ajg2 ,franco-,g]man ,w>1 #aaj-aac1 #adc-f2 pres5t ,fr5* sy/em1 #afd-f2 g5]al1 #cdg-h4 ,,surface ,,railroads ,,9 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,civil ,,w>3 #baj4 ,,sudan1 ,,!3 ,e>ly railway s*emes1 #bba2 ,wady ,halfa-,s>ras l9e1 #bba2 ext5sion = exp$ition ( #ahhd1 #bba-b2 ab&onm5t1 #bbb2 results atta9$1 #bbc2 ,suak9-,b]b] l9e1 #bbc-e2 ,nile ,valley l9e1 recon/ruct$ & ext5d$1 #bbe-f2 ,nubian ,des]t l9e1 #bbf-g2 ext5sion to ,atb>a1 #bbh2 ,kh>t\m1 #bbi2 ,el ,obeid1 #bbi2 milit>y results1 #bbh2 s]vices to civilisation1 #bcj-a2 ,g]many & ! ,sudan1 #cba-b4 ,,suv,,r(f3 #fb4 ,,szlump]1 ,,mr4 ,g4 ,s43 #aig4 ,,tactical ,,movem5ts ,,by ,,rail3 #cdf4 ,,?i]s1 ,m43 #fd4 ,,?ornhill1 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,b43 #caf4 ,,?omas1 ,,g54 ,g4 ,h43 #hi4 ,,tovey1 ,r4 ,e41 ,,lieut4-,,col43 #ced 7n474 ,,t[n1 ,,dr4 ,f4 ,l43 #ij4 ,,trans-,,sib]ian ,,rly4 ,see ,,russo-,,japanese ,,w>4 ,,transvaal1 ,,g]many ,,& ,,!3 #cjd1 #cje1 #caa1 #cbg4 ,,troop ,,movem5ts ,,by ,,rail3 ,e>ly1 #h2 ,italian campaign ( #ahei1 #i-ab2 ,civil ,w>1 #bc-e2 quick] transport1 #fb2 m complete numb]s1 #fb-c2 ,dani% ,w> ( #ahfd1 #ajd2 ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 #ajd2 ,franco-,prussian ,w>1 #aaj1 #aci-adj2 ,volunte] reviews & army manoeuvres1 #aib1 #aid2 ,s\? ,african ,w>1 #aic1 #bde-f2 ,russo-,japanese ,w>1 #bfi1 #bga2 g5]al1 #cde-f1 #ceb-d4 ,,turkey1 ,,asiatic3 ,g]many's ,l& ( ,promise1 #cca4 ,,turkey3 ,g]many's designs aga9/1 #cca1 #ccf-dj4 ,,ung]1 ,l4 ,a43 #f4 ,,vick]s1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,c4 ,e43 #bgd4 ,,vigo-,,r\issillon1 ,m43 #cf4 ,,volunte] ,,corps ,,9 ,,great ,,brita93 #fg1 #agh-i1 #ahb1 #aia-b4 ,,walk]1 ,,lieut4 ,,ar?ur3 #fi4 ,,walk]1 ,,sir ,,h]b]t ,a43 #aig4 ,,walt]1 ,,maj4 ,j43 #aia-b4 ,,w> ,,railway ,,c\ncil1 ,,!3 #ahg-i1 #aic1 #aif4 ,,wat]s1 ,,col4 ,w4 ,h4 ,h43 #bgd1 #bge4 ,,watson1 ,,col4 ,,sir ,,*>les3 #bbh4 ,,watson1 ,,mr4 ,p4 ,h43 #gb4 ,,webb]1 ,r4,e41 ,,capt4 ,c4 ,e43 #ee1 #abe1 #abf4 ,,web]1 ,,b>on1 ,m4 ,m4 ,,von3 #ej-b4 ,,web]1 ,,ern/ ,,von3 #big1 #ccj4 ,,weeks1 ,g4 ,e43 #cg-h4 ,,well+ton1 ,,duke ,,(3 #fe1 #agg4 ,,weltpolitik3 #cca1 #cdb1 #cdd1 #cef4 ,,w]nekke1 ,,regi]ungsrat3 #h4 ,,we/]n ,,& ,,atlantic ,,rly43 #cd4 ,,we/phal51 ,h4 ,l43 #abd4 ,,we!r$1 ,,col4 ,e4 ,r43 #gj4 ,,:eel]1 ,,g543 #cd4 ,,willans1 ,r4,e41 ,,lieut43 #baa1 #bac4 ,,wilson1 ,,presid5t3 #ccj4 ,,wolseley1 ,,"l3 #aii1 #bbb1 #bbc4 ,,wright1 ,c4,e41 ,mr4 ,t43 #gj4 ,,zavodovski ,,sy/em ,,( ,,railway ,,fitt+s3 #id4 ,,zimm]mann1 ,,emil3 #cbb-e4 ,p4 ,s4 ,,k+ ,,son1 ,,ltd41 ,or*>d ,h\se1 ,we/m9/]1 ,london1 ,s4,w4 ,,works ,,by ,,edw9 ,a4 ,,pratt4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,inl& ,,transport ,,& ,,communication ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,i ,,introductory ,,ii ,,brita9',s ,,e>lie/ ,,roads ,,iii ,,roads ,,& ,,! ,,*ur* ,,iv ,,e>ly ,,trad+ ,,conditions ,v ,,e>ly ,,road ,,legislation ,,vi ,,e>ly ,,c>riages ,,vii ,,loads1 ,,:eels ,,& ,,roads ,,viii ,,! ,,coa*+ ,,era ,,ix ,,! ,,age ,,( ,,bad ,,roads ,x ,,! ,,turnpike ,,sy/em ,,xi ,,trade ,,& ,,transport ,,9 ,,! ,,turnpike ,,era ,,xii ,,sci5tific ,,road-,,mak+ ,,xiii ,,riv]s ,,& ,,riv] ,,transport ,,xiv ,,riv] ,,improvem5t ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,expansion ,,xv ,,disadvantages ,,( ,,riv] ,,navigation ,,xvi ,,! ,,canal ,,era ,,xvii ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,revolution ,,xviii ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,railway ,,xix ,,! ,,railway ,,era ,,xx ,,railway ,,expansion ,,xxi ,,railways ,,& ,,! ,,/ate ,,xxii ,,decl9e ,,( ,,canals ,,xxiii ,,decl9e ,,( ,,turnpikes ,,xxiv ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,coa*+ ,,era ,,xxv ,,railway ,,rates ,,& ,,*>ges ,,xxvi ,,! ,,railway ,,sy/em ,,to-,,day ,,xxvii ,,:at ,,! ,,railways ,,h ,,done ,,xxviii ,,railways ,a ,,national ,,indu/ry ,,xxix ,,tramways1 ,,motor-,,buses ,,& ,,rail-,,less ,,electric ,,traction ,,xxx ,,cycles1 ,,motor-,,vehicles ,,& ,,tubes ,,xxxi ,,! ,,outlook ,,au?orities ,,index xii4 #ecb pp4 #fs4 net4 ,by po/1 #fs4 #d;d4 ,,railways ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,,am]ican ,,railways4 #caj pp4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,by po/1 #bs4 #aj;d4 ,a repr9t1 ) additions1 ( a s]ies ( articles contribut$ to ,! ,times4 ,,railways ,,9 ,,g]many4 ,,g]man v4 ,,briti% ,,railways3 ,) special ref]5ce to ,own]'s ,risk & ,trad]s' ,claims4 #fd pp4 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #b;d4 ,,g]man ,,railways ,,& ,,trad]s4 #df pp4 #f;d4 net4 ,by po/1 #g;d4 ,a dige/ ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade ,railway ,conf]5ce report on ,g]man ,railways4 ,,railways ,,& ,,! ,,/ate4 ,,! ,,case ,,aga9/ ,,railway ,,nationalisation4 #bfd pp4 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #c;d4 ,publi%$ 9 ,! ,nation's ,libr>y4 ,,railways ,,& ,,nationalisation4 #def pp4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,by po/1 #bs4 #aj;d4 ,,iri% ,,railways ,,& ,,_! ,,nationalisation4 #dd pp4 #f;d4 net4 ,by po/1 #g;d4 ,a detail$ criticism ( ! report ( ! ,vice-,regal ,commission4 ,,/ate ,,railways4 #ajh pp4 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #b;d4 ,includes a translation ( ,m4 ,m>cel ,pes*aud's articles on ,les ,*em9s de ,f] de l'tat ,belge4 ,,railways ,,& ,,trad]s4 ,,railways ,,& ,,_! ,,rates4 #cfb pp4 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #c;d4 ,,canals4 ,,canals ,,& ,,trad]s4 #abd pp4 ,n9e maps & diagrams1 #dc photographs4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,by po/1 #bs4 #aj;d4 ,pap] cov]s1 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #c;d4 ,! ,argum5t ,pictorial1 z appli$ to ! ,report ( ! ,royal ,commission on ,canals & ,wat]ways4 ,,agriculture4 ,,! ,,organisation ,,( ,,agriculture4 #dgd pp4 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #c;d4 ,,agricultural ,,organisation3 ,its ,rise1 ,pr9ciples & ,practice ,abroad & at ,home4 #bgj pp4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,by po/1 #cs4 #aj;d4 ,*eap edition1 #afc pp41 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #b;d4 ,,small ,,hold]s3 ,,:at ,,!y ,,mu/ ,,d ,,to ,,succe$4 #bdh pp4 #as4 net4 ,by po/1 #as4 #b;d4 ,any ( ! above works w be =w>d$ by po/1 at ! prices m5tion$1 by ,p4 ,s4 ,,k+ ,,son1 ,ltd41 ,or*>d ,h\se1 ,we/m9/]1 ,london1 ,s4,w4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s errors ( punctuation & diacritics repair$4 ,note3 ,lige 0 ! correct spell+ at t "t = :at is n[ writt5 ,lige4 ,hyph5 remov$3 break-d[n 7p4 #ajh71 e>?-"w 7p4 #bai71 int]-communication 7p4 #agc71 plate-lay+ 7pp4 #bba1 #bbb71 rail-head 7pp4 #ff1 #ig1 #ajh71 re-built 7p4 #bff71 re-organisation 7p4 #bfd71 ,s\?-,african 7p4 #djb71 /ation-ma/] 7p4 #ade71 /ore-h\ses 7pp4 #add1 #afd71 text-books 7p4 #acc71 turn-tables 7p4 #abd71 wide-spread 7pp4 #ae1 #hb74 ,! foll[+ v>iants appe> frequ5tly & h n be5 *ang$3 block-h\se _/ blockh\se1 head-qu>t]7s7 _/ headqu>t]7s71 sub-division7s7 _/ subdivision7s74 ,p4 #e3 ,leipsig *ang$ to ,leibzig 7,leipzig-,dresd5 l9e74 ,p4 #ae3 sece$$ *ang$ to sec$$ 7! ,/ates :i* _h sec$$74 ,p4 #ag3 ,ctiy *ang$ to ,city 7,wa%+ton ,city1 ,d4,c474 ,p4 #ca3 ,goose ,greek *ang$ to ,goose ,creek4 ,p4 #aje3 7#c7 *ang$ to 7#d7 77#d7 secure ! prompt unload+74 ,p4 #ahe3 ,mazag9e *ang$ to ,magaz9e 7,unit$ ,s]vice ,magaz9e74 ,p4 #aie3 ,raliway *ang$ to ,railway 7,great ,we/]n ,railway ,magaz9e74 ,p4 #bah3 dep5dance *ang$ to dep5d5ce 7to dep5d5ce on ! railway74 ,p4 #bdf3 94 add$ 7#dg 94 guns74 ,p4 #bgc3 de *ang$ to des 7des *em9s de f]74 ,p4 #bgc3 ,juni *ang$ to ,ju94 ,p4 #bhd3 add$ 7#d feet #h in*es74 ,p4 #bij3 moblisation *ang$ to mobilisation 7on mobilisation1 or else:]e74 ,p4 #bij3 pursuad+ *ang$ to p]suad+ 7p]suad+ ! ,belgian ,gov]nm5t74 ,p4 #bif3 promotor *ang$ to promotors 7! aims ( _! promot]s74 ,p4 #cjc3 enlightm5t *ang$ to enlight5m5t 7n s bl9d z to ne$ enlight5m5t74 ,p4 #cjf3 betwe5 *ang$ to betwe5 7communication betwe5 ,swakopmund & ! capital74 ,p4 #cae3 ,r5seignm5ts *ang$ to ,r5seignem5ts 7,r5seignem5ts coloniaux74 ,p4 #cba3 ,exp$iton *ang$ to ,exp$ition 7,kam]un-,eis5bahn-,exp$ition74 ,p4 #cbh3 possesssion *ang$ to possession 7into a ,g]man possession74 ,p4 #cej3 tranv]se *ang$ to transv]se 7transv]se l9es connect+ !m74 ,p4 #cee3 dicipl9$ *ang$ to discipl9$ 7old & well-discipl9$ units74 ,p4 #cee1 footnote #hb3 add$ no 7no h>m 0 done74 ,p4 #cgc3 ,railway gauges *ang$ to be consi/5tly #c ft4 #f 941 #e ft4 #c 941 #d ft4 #h-a_/b 94 ,p4 #cgg3 ,ert]ung *ang$ to ,errt]ung 7gegrndet] ,errt]ung b] die militris*e ,b5utzung74 ,p4 #cgg3 militris*5 *ang$ to militris*e 7,eis5bahn5 fr militris*e ,zwecke74 ,p4 #cgh3 militris*e *ang$ to militris*] 79 militris*e ,h9si*t74 ,p4 #chg3 ,heidelburg *ang$ to ,heidelb]g4 ,p4 #chh3 ,fielddi5/ *ang$ to ,felddi5/ 7,felddi5/ ,ordnung74 ,p4 #chi3 ,lehr] *ang$ to ,lehre 7,kurze ,lehre ihr] wi*tig/5 ,grundstze74 ,p4 #cic3 ,revi/a ,te*nica *ang$ to ,rivi/a ,tecnica4 ,p4 #dja3 ,index entry = ,g]many1 ,organisation 91 pres5t basis ( organisation *ang$ f #ahh-aba to #aah-aba4