,illu/ration3 ,cov] ,frontispiece3 ,fuji ,san4 ,! ,gi/ ( ,japan ,! ,isl&s ,_! ,p ,& ,missions ,by ! ,rev4 ,r4 ,b4 ,pe]y1 ,a4,m41 ,ph4,d4 ,) ,illu/rations ,new ,york -- ,*icago -- ,toronto ,flem+ ,h4 ,revell ,company ,m ,,dccc ,,xcvii ,copyright1 #ahig1 by ,flem+ ,h4 ,revell ,company ,to ,my ,wife ,to ^: ,k9dly ,sympa?y & ,help is ,l>gely ,due ,:atev] ( ,value !re may be 9 ^! ,pages ,?is ,book is ,affectionately ,d$icat$ #c ,,preface ,al?\gh a great deal has already be5 publi%$ 9 ,engli% conc]n+ ,japan & ! ,japanese p1 no?+1 to my k1 has yet be5 publi%$ :i* attempts to give a full treatm5t ( mission "w 9 ,japan4 ,an ,am]ican ,mission>y ,9 ,japan1 by ,dr4 ,gordon1 is ! only book ,i am aw>e ( t deals exclusively ) ?is subject2 b its scope is q diff]5t f t ( ! pres5t volume4 ,!re=e ,i h be5 l$ to believe t !re is a place = ?is book4 ,i h writt5 = ! common p & h5ce h tri$ to give ! subject a pla91 popul> treatm5t4 ,!re has be5 no attempt at exhau/ive discussion1 b great pa9s h be5 tak5 to make ! hook reliable & accurate4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ?is little book ,i h consult$ freely ! foll[+ works 9 ,engli%3 ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan2 files ( ! ,japan ,mail2 ,transactions ( ! #d ,osaka ,conf]5ce1 #ahhb2 ,re9's ,japan2 ,griffis's ,mikado's ,empire2 ,griffis's ,religions ( ,japan2 ,*amb]la9's ,h&book ( ,?+s ,japanese2 ,miss ,bacon's ,japanese ,girls & ,wom52 ,dr4 ,lawr5ce's ,mod]n ,missions 9 ! ,ea/2 ,report ( ! ,_w's ,mission>y ,conf]5ce1 ,london1 #ahhh2 & reports ( ! v>i\s mission>y societies op]at+ 9 ,japan4 ,9 ,japanese ,i h consult$ "s native hi/orians & moral & religi\s writ]s--especially 9 ! prep>ation ( ! *apt]s on ,hi/ory1 ,morality1 & ,religions4 ,! book is s5t =? ) ! pray] t x may be ! means ( begett+ 9 ! ,am]ican *ur*es a deep] int]e/ 9 ! "w x portrays4 ,r4 ,b4 ,p4 ,,saga1 ,,japan4 #e ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,! ,l& ( ,japan ,,ii4 ,a ,brief ,hi/ory ( ! ,japanese ,p ,,iii4 ,japanese ,*>act]i/ics ,,iv4 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ,v4 ,japanese ,civilization ,,vi4 ,japanese ,morality ,,vii4 ,religions ( ,japan ,,viii4 ,fir/ ,introduction ,( ,*ri/ianity ,,ix4 ,mod]n ,roman & ,greek ,missions ,x4 ,a ,brief ,hi/ory ( ,prote/ant ,missions 9 ,japan ,,xi4 ,qualifications = ,mission ,"w 9 ,japan ,,xii4 ,private ,life ( ! ,mission>y ,,xiii4 ,me?ods ( ,"w ,,xiv4 ,h9drances ,,xv4 ,special ,problems ,,xvi4 ,! ,outlook #g ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,fuji ,san 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,frontispiece ,a ,bridge ,sc5e ,a ,kit*5 ,sc5e ,h>a-kiri ,a ,%9to ,temple ,a ,buddhi/ ,prie/ ,a ,buddhi/ ,cemet]y ,! ,au?or's ,home ,j9riki%as #i ,i ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,japan ,! empire ( ,japan consi/s ( a *a9 ( isl&s ly+ (f ! ea/ coa/ ( ,asia1 & ext5d+ all ! way f ,kam*atka 9 ! nor? to ,=mosa 9 ! s\?4 ,its l5g? is m ?an #aejj miles1 :ile ! wid? ( ! ma9l&s v>ies f #ajj to #bjj miles4 ,! entire area1 exclusive ( ,=mosa1 rec5tly acquir$1 is #adf1jjj squ>e miles--j ab\t equal to t ( ! two ,dakotas or ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,irel&1 & ,wales4 ,on ?is t]ritory1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #ahic1 !re liv$ #da1jhi1idj s\ls4 ,! c\ntry is divid$ into f\r l>ge isl&s & m ?an two ?\s& small] ones4 ,! l>g] ones are nam$ respectively ,hondo1 ,kyu%u1 ,%ikoku1 & ,yezo4 ,( ^! ! fir/ nam$ is by f> ! l>ge/ & mo/ important4 ,?is isl& orig9ally _h no sep>ate "n1 b #aj 9 rec5t ye>s x is v g5]ally call$ ,hondo4 ,we/]n geograph]s h frequ5tly made ! mi/ake ( apply+ ! t]m ,nihon to x2 b ,nihon is ! native "n = ! :ole empire1 & n = its *ief isl&4 ,! capital1 ,tokyo1 ! anci5t capital1 ,kyoto1 & ! comm]cial c5t]1 ,osaka1 are all situat$ on ?is isl&4 ,kyu%u is ! second l>ge/ isl& 9 ! gr\p1 & lies s\?we/ ( ! ma9 isl&4 ,x 0 on ?is isl&1 9 ! t[n ( ,nagasaki1 t ! ,dut* liv$ = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 =m+ ! only means ( communication ,japan _h ) ! outside _w4 ,%ikoku is next 9 size4 ,x lies s\? ( ,hondo & nor!a/ ( ,kyu%u4 ,%ikoku & ,kyu%u are sep>at$ f ! ma9 isl& by ! ,inl& ,sea1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful bodies ( wat] 9 ! _w4 ,! isl& ( ,yezo is 9 ! extreme nor?1 ,x has v cold w9t]s & resembles ! c5tral "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica some:at 9 climate & productions4 ,on ?is isl& ! aborig9es ( ,japan1 call$ ,a9u1 n[ live4 ,among ! m important ( ! small] gr\ps are ! ,liukiu ,isl&s1 9 ! extreme s\?2 ! ,goto ,isl&s1 9 ! we/2 & ! ,kuriles1 9 ! nor?4 ,besides ^! !re are num]\s o!r isl&s ( consid]able size ly+ #aa ar\nd ! coa/s1 & ! :ole ,inl& ,sea is beautifully dott$ ) !m4 ,japan is a v m\nta9\s c\ntry4 ,= ?is reason h>dly twelve p] c5t4 ( h] total area is cultivat$4 ,9 g5]al ! l& gradually asc5ds on bo? sides z x rec$es f ! ocean1 at fir/ =m+ hills & table-l&s1 & !n huge m\nta9s4 ,?us a *a9 ( m\nta9s is =m$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! isl&s1 ext5d+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole l5g? ( ! empire4 ,! m\nta9s are ne>ly all ( volcanic orig91 :i* acc\nts = _! jagg$ appe>ance4 ,!re are _m active volcanoes1 cont9ually s5d+ up great cl\ds ( smoke1 & occasionally emitt+ /reams ( fire & molt5 lava1 delug+ ! :ole neighborhood ) sulphur & a%es4 ,"o ( ! fir/ sights t greets ! travel] f ! ,we/ z he approa*es ,japan is ! smoke ( a volcano1 ev] active1 on ,vries ,isl&1 9 ! entrance to ,yokohama h>bor4 ,! *ief volcanoes active at pres5t are ,asama1 ,%irane-san1 ,b&ai-san1 ,aso-san1 & ,koma-ga-take4 ,i %all nev] =get ! asc5t ( ,asama at night1 9 #ahid4 ,! volcano _h be5 unusually active rec5tly1 & a l>ge "p ( ! crat] _h fall5 91 completely *ang+ its appe>ance4 ,! sulphur\s vapors & smoke came up s ?ick & fa/ t we d>$ n approa* ne> ! crat] = fe> ( #ab suffocation4 ,at t "t we c\ld n see d[n into ! crat] at all1 b occasionally "o c see ! blue-r$ flames curl+ & wri?+ f> d[n 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? l a sea ( fire1 a v]itable gate ( hell4 ,( ext9ct volcanoes ,japan boa/s a l>ge numb]4 ,! mightie/ ( ^! is ! pe]less ,fuji-san1 ! pride ( e ,japanese1 ! highe/ m\nta9 9 ,japan4 ,x is #ab1cfe feet high1 & sn[ is f\nd on its summit at all seasons4 ,?is m\nta9 is n[ a huge pile ( a%es1 lava1 & b\ld]s--app>5tly h>mless4 ,z late z #agjh x 0 9 eruption1 & :5 ,i /ood on its sn[y summit 9 ,augu/1 #ahic1 !re 7 c]ta9 places :]e vapors hot en\gh to cook an egg came up f ! gr\nd4 ,= aught we "k1 x may at any "t bur/ =? aga9 & deva/ate :ole prov9ces4 ,?is is a l& ( e>?quakes4 ,! records %[ t f e>lie/ times ?is c\ntry has be5 subject to great ru9 by _! visitations4 ,:ole villages & t[ns h be5 sudd5ly swall[$ up1 & huge m\nta9s h disappe>$ 9 a day4 ,^! e>?quakes are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! seismic in/rum5ts n[ 9 use ?r\gh\t ! empire record ab\t ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five p] ye>--"o = ea* day4 ,c]ta9 localities are mu* m expos$ to !m ?an o!rs1 al?\gh none is #ac entirely free f !m4 ,^! di/urbances are v de/ructive ( life & prop]ty1 especially injur+ railways1 bridges1 & high build+s4 ,!y h left _! m>k ^u ! :ole c\ntry4 ,?r\gh ! effect ( volcanoes & e>?quakes toge!r1 ! surface ( ,japan pres5ts an appe>ance seldom se5 9 any o!r l&4 ,! =ces ( nature are unusually de/ructive 9 ,japan4 ,besides ! volcanoes & e>?quakes1 ! c\ntry is subject to occasional tidal waves1 :i* kill ?\s&s ( p & de/roy millions ( doll>s' wor? ( prop]ty4 ,impell$ by "s mighty =ce1 ! great sea rises 9 its b$ m\nta9 high1 &1 angrily break+ out ( its accu/om$ b\nds1 sweeps ev]y?+ be=e x4 ,:ile ,i am writ+ ?is *apt] 7,june1 #ahif7 news has come ( "o ( ! mo/ de/ructive waves kn[n "h = decades1 :i* has j swept ov] ! nor? coa/ ( ,hondo4 ,m ?an #cj1jjj p 7 kill$ in/antly1 & great de/ruction wr\ght to prop]ty4 ,s t]rible is nature 9 h] fi]c] aspects6 ,japan be+ a v n>r[ c\ntry1 h] riv]s are %ort & small1 few ( !m be+ s]viceable = navigation4 ,ord9>ily !y are quiet1 lazy /reams1 b :5 ! heavy ra9s fall 9 ! m\nta9s1 ! wat]s sweep d[n l a flood1 swell+ ^! riv]s to huge size & conv]t+ !m into fi]ce1 angry torr5ts4 ,! #ad ,tone-gawa is ! longe/ & wide/ riv]1 b its l5g? is only #agj miles4 ,o!r important ones are ! ,%9ano-gawa1 ! ,kiso-gawa1 & ! ,kitakami4 ,a peculi> feature ab\t ^! riv]s is t none ( !m be>s ! same "n f s\rce to m\?1 b all *ange _! "n 9 ne>ly e prov9ce4 ,!re are few lakes ( importance4 ,! l>ge/ is ,lake ,biwa1 ne> ,kyoto2 x is #ej miles long1 & #bj wide at its wide/ po9t4 ,lake ,inawa%iro is ( consid]able size4 ,lake ,*uz5ji1 at ! foot ( ,nantai-zan1 is unrival$ = beauty1 & is h>dly surpass$ 9 any l&4 ,hakone is also a beautiful lake1 & ! reflection ( ,fuji-san 9 its wat]s by moonlight is a sight well wor? see+4 ,inde$1 ! :ole ( ,japan ab\nds 9 picturesque l&scapes & sc5ic beauty4 ,m\nta9 sc5es rival+ ^? ( ,switz]l&2 cle>1 placid lakes1 9 :i* ! image ( sky & m\nta9s bl5ds2 & smil+1 f]tile valleys1 heavily lad5 ) fruits & gra91 make ! l&scape "o ( surpass+ beauty4 ,few c\ntries are m pleas+ to ! eye ?an is ,japan4 ,! coa/s are ind5t$ by _m bays & inlets1 af=d+ f9e h>bors4 ,! seas are v deep & (t5 wild & /ormy4 ,! isl&s are favorably locat$ = comm]cial ent]prises1 & ! ,japanese are by nature de/9$ to be a #ae m>itime p4 ,z reg>ds situation & h>bors1 !re is a /rik+ resemblance to ,engl&4 ,! two c\ntries are ( ne>ly equal size1 !y bo? are insul> p[]s1 & are situat$ ab\t equidi/ant f a great cont95t4 ,x is safe to assume t ,japan's developm5t w be along l9es some:at simil> to ,engl&'s4 ,!re is a good sy/em ( roads4 ,! m\nta9 roads are c>efully grad$2 holl[s are fill$ up & ridges cut ?r\gh 9 su* a mann] z we employ only = railroads4 ,inde$1 "s ( ! roads are s c>efully grad$ t ties & rails c\ld be laid on !m almo/ )\t any fur!r modification4 ,_m ( !m are z /raight z ! eng9e]'s art c make !m4 ,a new road 0 built rec5tly f ,saga to ! small seaport t[n ( ,wakatsu1 & betwe5 ! two t[ns x is z direct z a bee-l9e4 ,?is road crosses a riv] j at ! junction ( two /reams4 ,! =k ( ! riv] lay exactly 9 ! pa? ( ! road2 by slightly sw]v+ to ei!r ! "r or ! left a bridge half ! l5g? ( ! pres5t "o w\ld h suffic$1 b ! long1 co/ly bridge 0 built r ?an h ! road sw]ve f its c\rse ev5 a little4 ,9 ! pla9s mo/ ( ! roads are elevat$ ?ree or f\r feet above ! surr\nd+ fields4 ,!y are n macadamiz$1 b are cov]$ ) l>ge1 co>se gravel kn[n z j>i4 ,:5 ?is #af j>i is fir/ spread on1 ! roads are almo/ impassable1 b x soon becomes beat5 d[n & makes a good road4 ,un=tunately1 x mu/ be appli$ ne>ly e ye>4 ,"s ( ! *ief highways are v old4 ,! mo/ fam\s is ! ,tokaido1 ext5d+ f ! old capital1 ,kyoto1 ! seat ( ! imp]ial c\rt1 to ! city ( ,y$o 7n[ call$ ,tokyo71 ! seat ( ! %ogun's gov]nm5t4 ,x 0 ov] ?is road t ! anci5t daimios ( ! we/]n prov9ces us$ to j\rney1 ) gorge\s pageantry & spl5did ret9ues1 to ! %ogun's c\rt4 ,"s highways are l9$ on ei!r side ) tall cryptom]ia & o!r trees1 giv+ a delightful %ade & mak+ ( !m beautiful av5ues4 ,! mo/ beautiful ( ^! is ! road approa*+ ,nikko4 ,?is is said to be l9$ on bo? sides ) r[s ( magnific5t c$>s & p9es = a di/ance ( #dj miles4 ,! bridges add a great deal to ! peculi> beauty ( ! l&scape4 ,!y are sub/antial1 beautiful /ructures1 g5]ally built 9 ! %ape ( an ar*1 & are ( /one1 bricks1 or wood4 ,! ,japanese are v c>eful ab\t bridges1 & little /reams across foot-pa?s1 :]e 9 ,am]ica "o sees at be/ only a plank or log1 are "h c>efully bridg$4 ,! bridge call$ ,nihon-ba%i1 9 ,tokyo1 is said to be ! c5t] ( ! empire1 ! po9t at :i* all roads conv]ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,bridge ,sc5e4 #ag ,japan is a l& 9 :i* ! rural population l>gely pr$om9ates4 ,mo/ ( ! p live 9 ! villages & small t[ns4 ,b 9 rec5t ye>s a process simil> to t go+ on 9 ,am]ica has set 91 & l>ge numb]s ( ! rural classes are drift+ into ! cities4 ,! *ief city is ,tokyo1 ) a population ( #a1cbc1bie4 ,be+ n[ ! home ( ! emp]or & ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 x is held 9 mu* rev]5ce by ! p4 ,9 popul> p>lance ?is city is exalt$ on a p$e/al ( honor1 & ! p speak ( asc5d+ to or desc5d+ f x4 ,x is really a f9e city1 ) broad1 clean /reets & _m spl5did build+s1 & has be5 call$ ! city ( magnific5t di/ances4 ,"o c travel almo/ a :ole day & n get outside ! city limits4 ,x 0 =m]ly call$ ,y$o1 b :5 ! emp]or remov$ 8 c\rt hi!r aft] ! ,re/oration its "n 0 *ang$ to ,tokyo4 ,! t]m means ea/ capital4 ,! city has enjoy$ a m>vel\s gr[? & is to-day a vigor\s1 active place4 ,x has _m ( ! conv5i5ces ( mod]n ,we/]n cities1 su* z electric lights1 wat]-works1 tram-c>s1 telephones1 etc4 ,kyoto is ! anci5t capital1 ! place :]e ! mikados liv$ 9 seclud$ spl5dor = s _m c5turies4 ,x 0 ! mo/ magnific5t city ( old ,japan1 & _m highly *]i%$ #ah national memories & traditions clu/] ar\nd x4 ,! old classical ,japanese1 to :om ! anci5t rgime is f> sup]ior to ! pres5t1 /ill l+]s fondly 9 ?\ght r\nd its sacr$ temples1 %r9es1 & groves4 ,:5 ! imp]ial c\rt 0 remov$ to ,tokyo ! "n ( ,kyoto 0 *ang$ to ,saikyo1 a t]m mean+ we/ capital4 ,we/]n geograph]s frequ5tly h be5 guilty ( ! error ( call+ ?is city ,miyako2 b t has nev] be5 ! city's "n1 & is simply ! ,japanese ^w = capital4 ,kyoto is a beautiful1 prosp]\s city1 ) a population ( #cbh1ced4 ,osaka is ! comm]cial c5t]4 ,x is a city ( manufactories1 & ne>ly all native articles ( m]*&ise be> ! m>k1 ,made 9 ,osaka4 ,z a bus9ess c5t] ?is city surpasses all o!rs 9 ! empire4 ,x is c5trally locat$1 at ! head ( ,osaka ,bay1 ab\t #bj miles f ! op5 port ( ,kob4 ,"h we f9d ! imp]ial m9t1 ) long r[s ( spl5did build+s4 ,! population is #did1cad4 ,! next l>ge/ city is ,nagoya1 ) a population ( #bjf1gdb4 ,o!r prom95t cities are3 ,hiro%ima1 #ia1ihe2 ,okayama1 #eb1cfj2 ,kanagawa1 #hi1ige2 ,kago%ima1 #ee1die1 etc4 ,!re are sev5 op5 ports 9 :i* =eign]s reside at pres5t & engage 9 comm]ce4 ,9 ! ord] ( importance !y are3 ,tokyo1 #ai population #a1cbc1bie2 ,osaka1 #did1cad2 ,yokohama1 #afj1dci2 ,kob1 #aej1iic2 ,nagasaki1 #fg1dha2 ,hakodate1 #ff1ccc2 ,niigata1 #ej1cjj4 ,=m]ly ,nagasaki 0 9 ! lead1 b n[ has fall5 to ! fif? place4 ,x is probable t o!r ports w be op5$ to =eign trade 9 ! ne> future4 ,climate ,z ,japan is s long a c\ntry1 %e has e v>iety ( climate4 ,9 ! nor!rn prov9ces1 & especially on ! nor?we/ coa/1 x is extremely cold 9 w9t]1 & sn[ falls 9 su* quantities z practically to /op all k9ds ( bus9ess4 ,9 ,=mosa & ,liukiu !re is p]petual summ]4 ,t "p ( ,japan 9 :i* ! ,we/ is mo/ int]e/$1 & ab\t :i* x kn[s mo/1--:i* is f> ! mo/ important portion ( ! empire1--has a mild1 damp climate1 free f great extremes ( ei!r heat or cold4 ,ea* w9t] sn[ falls frequ5tly1 b x is seldom kn[n to lie on ! gr\nd = m ?an a few h\rs at a "t4 ,cold fro/s are r>e4 ,judg$ by ! !rmomet]1 ! summ]s are no w>m] ?an ^? ( ! ,c>ol9as or ,t5nessee1 b _! effect ^u p ( ! ,we/ resid5t "h is mu* m try+ ?an ! summ]s ( ^? places4 ,v>i\s reasons are assign$ = ?is4 ,physicians are well aw>e t humidity affects #bj heal? = good or bad z mu* z temp]ature4 ,9 consid]+ ! heal?fulness ( a climate1 n only is ! temp]ature to be tak5 into acc\nt1 b ! am\nt ( moi/ure 9 ! air mu/ also be consid]$4 ,n[1 9 ,japan !re is s excessive an am\nt ( moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e t x makes ! heat exce$+ly depress+4 ,! pres5ce ( ?is dampness makes x v h>d to keep ?+s clean & free f ru/ & mold4 ,sew+-ma*9es1 bicycles1 scissors1 knives1 & su* ?+s h to be wat*$ c>efully & oil$4 ,c>pets1 clo?+1 %oes1 etc41 h to be sunn$ well & !n %ut up 9 air-tight boxes dur+ ! summ] season4 ,(t5 a s+le night is suffici5t to make a pair ( %oes :ite ) mold4 ,7 x only on ! ma*9es & clo?+ t ! dampness & mold settle1 x w\ld n be s bad2 b we feel t ?is same clammy mold is go+ d[n into our v bones & m>r[1 gradually sapp+ _! vigor & /r5g?4 ,besides ?is great excess ( moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e1 !re are o!r reasons :y ! climate is s debilitat+4 ,"o ( ^! is ! lack ( ozone4 ,?is elem5t is kn[n to be "o ( ! greate/ atmosph]ic purifi]s1 & also to h a v invigorat+ & /imulat+ effect ^u m9d & body4 ,! proportion ( ozone 9 ! atmosph]e ( ,japan is only ab\t "o #ba ?ird z great z t 9 ! atmosph]e ( mo/ ,we/]n c\ntries4 ,! proportion ( electricity 9 ! atmosph]e is also ?\ght to be mu* bel[ ! av]age4 ,:ile n mu* is kn[n 9 reg>d to ! effect ( atmosph]ic electricity ^u ! heal?fulness ( a c\ntry1 x is g5]ally believ$ by sci5tific & m$ical m5 t ! proportion ( electricity 9 ! air has mu* to d ) our physical well-be+4 ,^! ?ree factors1 viz41 too mu* moi/ure1 n en\gh ozone1 & n en\gh electricity1 are nam$ z ! *ief causes :i* conduce to make ! climate depress+ & en]vat+ to p f ! ,we/4 ,we mission>ies h nei!r ! en]gy nor ! /r5g? to d "h :at we c\ld d at home1 & aft] a five or six ye>s' resid5ce1 to d effective "w mu/ be p]mitt$ to recup]ate 9 ! home l&s4 ,! ra9fall is f> above ! av]age ( mo/ c\ntries4 ,two ?irds ( ! annual d[np\r falls dur+ ! six mon?s f ,april to ,octob]4 ,! ra9y season prop] beg9s e>ly 9 ,june & la/s ab\t six weeks4 ,at ?is season x sometimes ra9s = weeks consecutively4 ,?is ye> 7#ahif7 dur+ ! ra9y season we did n once get a sight ( ! sun = at lea/ ?ree weeks4 ,! am\nt ( ra9 v>ies greatly f ye> to ye>1 z also 9 diff]5t localities4 #bb ,not)/&+ ! heavy ra9fall1 bright1 sunny days are f> 9 excess ( d>k1 ra9y ones4 ,cle>1 balmy skies are ! rule r ?an ! exception4 ,!re is a s(tness & delicacy ab\t ,japanese skies r>e 9 ,am]ica1 b common 9 ,european c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,japanese w9ds are irregul> & viol5t1 & subject to sudd5 *anges4 ,dur+ ?ree mon?s ( ! ye> ! dread$ typhoons are expect$1 & once or twice ea* ye> great damage is done by !m4 ,^! typhoons g5]ally bl[ f ! s\?we/4 ,!y (t5 sweep h\ses1 =e/s1 & ev]y?+ else be=e !m1 _! wake be+ a mass ( ru9s4 ,9 fair wea!r1 on ! sea-%ore1 !re is a g5tle l&- & sea-breeze 9 summ]4 ,productions ,japan is bless$ ) a f]tile soil1 capable ( be>+ a v>iety ( products4 ,by c5turies ( ! mo/ c>eful f]tilization & irrigation 7arts 9 :i* ! ,japanese are adepts7 ! l& has be5 br\ght to a v high /ate ( cultivation4 ,"o ( ! peculi> ?+s to ! p ( ! ,we/ is ! mann] 9 :i* ! fields are irrigat$4 ,ne>ly all ! l& "u cultivation c be freely wat]$ at ! w ( ! cultivator4 #bc ,/reams & canals ev]y:]e w9d 9 & out ?r\gh ! pla9s & r\nd ! hills1 mak+ easy ! irrigation ( all arable l&s4 ,a /rik+ feature ( ! f>m+ is ! mann] ( t]rac+ ! sides ( ! hills & m\nta9s4 ,^! are n cultivat$ 9 _! natural /ate1 z 9 ,am]ica1 b /one walls are built at regul> gradations on ! m\nta9-sides1 & ! soil dug d[n until level ) ! tops ( ! walls4 ,arrang$ 9 ?is way a m\nta9-side looks n unlike a huge /airway1 & l5ds beauty to ! l&scape4 ,! l& "h is n divid$ into l>ge f>ms1 z is usual 9 ! ,we/4 ,mo/ ( ! f>ms are v small4 ,"o nev] sees a field ( t5 or fifte5 acres1 b little plots h>dly z l>ge z our vegetable g>d5s4 ,! cultivation is mo/ly done by h&1 ! wom5 labor+ 9 ! fields ) _! husb&s & bro!rs4 ,! implem5ts 9 g5]al use are v rude4 ,pl[s are us$1 b !y are r\ghly made ( wood1 ) an iron po9t atta*$1 & d poor "w4 ,ne>ly all ! cultivat+ is done ) a hoe1 ! blade ( :i* is almo/ z long z ! h&le1 & is atta*$ to x at an angle ( less ?an =ty-five degrees1 mak+ x an awkw>d ?+ to use4 ,all gra9s are h>ve/$ & ?re%$ by h&4 ,! l& be+ s f]tile1 ! yield is l>ge4 ,9 enum]at+ ! products ( _! c\ntry1 #bd ! native writ]s usually beg9 ) ! g-koku1 or five c]eals--:eat1 rice1 millet1 beans1 & sorghum4 ,f9e crops ( :eat are gr[n1 especially 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces4 ,p]haps no c\ntry 9 ! _w produces bett] rice or a great] quantity p] acre4 ,"o half ( all ! l& "u cultivation is us$ 9 ! production ( rice4 ,gre5 grasses are rem>kably r>e 9 ,japan1 & ! soil does n seem to be adapt$ to _! gr[?4 ,long pla9s ( gre5 mead[- & pa/ure-l&s1 s pleas+ to ! eye 9 home l&scapes1 are nev] se54 ,almo/ ! only grass 9 ! empire is ! long1 co>se grass t gr[s on ! hills & m\nta9s4 ,corn & oats are met ) r>ely4 ,! cultivation ( corn is n[ be+ introduc$ 9 ! nor!rn prov9ces1 h[ev]1 & w probably soon become m g5]al4 ,hemp & cotton bo? fl\ri%4 ,! cotton does n gr[ z l>ge or yield z b\ntifully z x does 9 our own ,s\!rn ,/ates1 b a v good crop is rais$ ea* ye>4 ,!re is a l>ge v>iety ( vegetables1 su* z turnips1 pumpk9s1 radi%es1 beets1 c>rots1 potatoes1 sweet potatoes1 onions1 etc4 ,japan produces a great v>iety ( fruits & b]ries4 ,we c h fre% fruit all ! ye> r\nd4 ,"s ( ! m prom95t are oranges1 p]simmons1 figs1 apricots1 pe>s1 pea*es1 #be plums1 loquats1 grapes1 etc4 ,z a rule ! fruit is inf]ior to t ( ! ,we/1 b ! oranges1 p]simmons1 & figs are excell5t4 ,until comp>atively rec5t ye>s apples 7 unkn[n "h1 b n[ !y are be+ rapidly introduc$ & successfully cultivat$4 ,!y are gr[n only 9 ! nor!rn prov9ces1 ! s\!rn soil n be+ well adapt$ to !m4 ,= bright1 gay fl[]s ,japan c h>dly be excell$4 ,at c]ta9 seasons ! :ole c\ntry resembles an imm5se g>d54 ,! crysan!mum is ! national fl[]1 & magnific5t specim5s ( x are gr[n4 ,! *]ry blossoms are univ]sal favorites1 & :5 !y are at _! be/ ! :ole population turns out to see !m4 ,lotus fl[]s are highly priz$1 & 9 our city ( ,saga !re is an old ca/le moat1 #bjj or #cjj y>ds wide & m ?an #a mile long1 fill$ ) !m1 :i* 9 ,july & ,augu/ is a sea ( l>ge r$-&-:ite blossoms1 beautiful to behold4 ,! hills & valleys ab\nd 9 wild fl[]s1 b ! natives seem to prize !m less ?an ! cultivat$ ones4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ,we/]n fl[]s are be+ ext5sively cultivat$1 & mo/ ( !m d well4 ,fl[]s t mu/ be c>efully h\s$ & nurs$ 9 ,am]ica1 su* z g]aniums1 fu*sias1 etc41 w gr[ all ! ye> 9 ! op5 9 ,japan4 ,"s "o only p>tially acqua9t$ ) ,japan has said t ! fl[]s h no #bf odor1 b ?is is n true2 !y are1 h[ev]1 less fragrant ?an ^? ( ! ,we/4 ,!re is no c\ntry 9 ! ,ea/ s well suppli$ ) useful timb]4 ,on ! isl& ( ,yezo alone !re are ?irty-six v>ieties ( useful timb]-trees1 includ+ ! mo/ useful ( all trees1 ! oak4 ,^! va/ =e/s z yet are unt\*$ practically1 & ! :ole ( ! ,hokkaido is "o huge lumb]-y>d4 ,! ma9 isl&1 ,kyu%u1 & ,%ikoku are also well timb]$4 ,b ! dem& = build+ mat]ial1 fire-wood1 & *>coal is s great t rapid inroads are be+ made ^u ! supply ( timb]4 ,unless a m ?or\gh sy/em ( =e/ry is adopt$ ! supply w "s day be exhau/$4 ,! mulb]ry-tree fl\ri%es1 & imm5se tracts ( l& are giv5 to its cultivation4 ,! fruit is n us$1 b ! leaves are highly valuable 9 silk culture4 ,lacqu]-trees also ab\nd1 f :i* a consid]able rev5ue is d]iv$4 ,! camphor-supply ( ! _w is almo/ entirely 9 ! h&s ( ,japan4 ,magnific5t camphor-trees are gr[+ ov] all s\!rn ,japan1 & 9 ! newly acquir$ t]ritory ( ,=mosa !re are l>ge groves ( !m4 ,! camphor indu/ry is a lucrative "o1 & happy is ! man :o possesses a few trees4 ,)9 a few y>ds ( my =m] home 9 ,saga1 on a little /rip ( wa/e l&1 !re 7 f\r camphor-trees :i* sold1 /&+1 = #bjjj1 silv]4 #bg ,?is acc\nt w\ld be v incomplete )\t a notice ( ! bamboo1 :i* gr[s 9 l>ge quantities ov] all ! empire4 ,9 ! nor!rn prov9ces x is only a small %rub2 9 ! s\!rn x gr[s to a l>ge tree4 ,! uses to :i* x is put are innum]able1 & ! p h>dly c\ld d )\t x4 ,! *ief articles ( =eign export produc$ 9 ,japan are silk1 tea1 & rice4 ,silk is produc$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ) ! exception ( ! isl& ( ,yezo1 b ! be/ yield+ di/ricts are 9 ! c5t] & nor? ( ! ma9 isl&4 ,! ,japanese cocoon seems to be equally z good z ! ,european1 b ! me?ods ( manufactur+ are n yet up to ! highe/ /&>d2 = ?is reason ,japanese silks are h>dly z good z ^? ( ,france or ,italy4 ,! annual export ( silk is wor? to ,japan ab\t #cj1jjj1jjj4 ,second only to silk 9 importance among exports is tea4 ,mo/ ( x is %ipp$ by =eign m]*ants to ,am]ica1 ,*9ese & ,indian teas be+ m popul> 9 ,europe4 ,ab\t #dj1jjj1jjj p\nds are annually export$4 ,! quantity consum$ at home mu/ be v great1 at lea/ equal to t s5t abroad4 ,! =eign trade 9 rice is l>ge1 & is increas+ cont9ually4 ,japanese rice is f> bett] ?an t gr[n 9 ,india or ,burmah1 & is e/eem$ highly 9 ,european m>kets4 ,=m]ly #bh ! gov]nm5t export$ ! rice1 z x levi$ taxes 9 rice & h5ce _h great /ores ( x2 b ?is practice has be5 discont9u$4 ,native m]*ants are n[ tak+ up ?is bran* ( ! export trade & are pu%+ x ) vigor4 ,! value ( ! export v>ies v mu* ea* ye>1 9 accordance ) ! crop produc$4 ,japan is n only ri* & f]tile1 yield+ ! greate/ v>iety ( products1 b %e is also end[$ ) great m9]al weal?4 ,kaempf]1 9 ! fir/ hi/ory ( ,japan giv5 to ! ,we/1 enum]ates ! m9]als ?us3 sulphur1 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 t91 iron1 coal1 salt1 agates1 jasp]1 pe>ls1 naph?a1 amb]gris1 etc4 ,coal ( fairly good quality is pres5t 9 great quantities 9 _m p>ts ( ! empire4 ,mu* ( x is sold to ! =eign /eam]s t call "h on _! way to ,*9a4 ,! export ( copp] am\nts to m ?an #e1jjj1jjj p] ye>4 ,iron1 *iefly 9 ! =m ( magnetic oxide1 is pres5t along ! sea-coa/ & 9 ! diluvium ( riv]s4 ,z yet ! iron res\rces h n be5 develop$4 ,gold & silv] are pres5t 9 _m places1 b ! m9es h nev] be5 work$ to v great advantage4 ,l>ge quantities ( salt are made f sea-wat]4 ,traces ( petroleum are f\nd 9 sev]al localities1 b n mu* has yet be5 made ( x4 ,! great m9]al weal? ( ,japan z yet is develop$ only p>tially4 #bi ,animals ,! fauna is repres5t$ g5]ally z v meag]1 b ?is is an inju/ice4 ,a l>ge portion ( ! animals n[ f\nd "h may h be5 import$1 b1 tak+ ,japan z we f9d h] to-day1 animals are abundant4 ,horses & ox5 are ! bea/s ( burd51 & are f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,! horses are small] ?an ^? ( ! ,we/1 & are n s g5tle1 ?\gh v sure-foot$ & h>dy4 ,an ef=t is n[ be+ made to improve ! bre$ by import+ ,am]ican & ,au/ralian horses4 ,native ox5 d mo/ ( ! c>ry+ & pl[+4 ,/range to say1 ! ox5 are g5tl] & m manageable ?an ! horses4 ,!re are v few %eep1 & x seems t ! c\ntry is n adapt$ to !m4 ,almo/ ! only %eep ,i h se5 "h 7 9 m5ag]ies1 cag$1 along ) lions1 be>s1 etc4 ,pigs are f\nd1 b ! p are n fond ( _! fle%1 & consequ5tly n _m are rais$4 ,dome/ic animals are pl5tiful1 su* z cats1 dogs1 ducks1 geese1 *ick5s1 etc4 ,_m ( ! cats h no tails1 & ! p are prejudic$ aga9/ cats t h tails4 ,if "o happ5s to be born ) a tail !y w probably cut x (f4 ,turkeys are sc>ce4 #cj ,!re are _m wild animals1 su* z be>s1 wild bo>s1 de]1 monkeys1 tanuki1 wild dogs1 foxes1 & h>es4 ,! p are fond ( ! *ase1 b1 z l>ge game is r>e1 ! opportunity to indulge ?is ta/e is v limit$4 ,among ! wild birds are f\nd h]ons1 cranes1 ducks1 geese1 pheasants1 pigeons1 /orks1 falcons1 hawks1 rav5s1 woodcocks1 cr[s1 & a small bird1 call$ uquisu1 resembl+ ! night+ale4 ,! /ork & ! h]on are p]haps mo/ popul>1 & h be5 pictur$ 9 all k9ds ( native art4 ,wild geese & ducks sp5d ! summ] 9 ,yezo & ! w9t] 9 ,hondo4 ,s++ birds are r>e1 b n1 z "s h affirm$1 unkn[n4 ,! seas surr\nd+ ,japan1 & h] num]\s bays & riv]s1 are teem+ ) animal life1 & = multitude & v>iety ( edible fi% are p]haps unsurpass$ by any 9 ! _w4 ,salmon1 cod1 mack]el1 h]r+1 bait1 tai1 & o!r small fi% are v abundant1 s mu* s t 9 _m places !y are us$ z a f]tiliz]4 ,f "t immemorial fi% h =m$ a prom95t "p ( ! daily diet ( ! p4 ,:ales are num]\s on ! %ores ( ,kyu%u & ! s\!rn %ores ( ,hondo1 :]e !y are tak5 by means ( h>p+-irons or d>ts4 ,quantities ( oil are extract$ f !m1 & _! fle% is mu* reli%$ = food4 ,! =ego+ acc\nt w p]haps give ! #ca read] "s idea ( ! nature1 ext5t1 climate1 & products ( ! l& ( ,japan4 ,) a f]tile soil1 ri* deposits ( m9]als1 a g5ial climate1 & a l&scape unsurpass$1 surely ?is is a c\ntry highly favor$ by ,heav54 ,h[ sad to ?9k t ^? to :om ,god has giv5 s mu* "k s little ( ,him6 ,h[ "o's he>t ble$s to see ,god's beautiful h&iwork all m>r$ & /a9$ by images & idols1 & t praise :i* ! p s ju/ly owe ,him giv5 to gods ( wood & /one6 ,b su* is ! case 9 ,japan to-day4 ,! p "k t !y are indebt$ to "s high] p[] = innum]able bless+s1 b !y d n "k t ?is p[] is ! ,god :om we prea* to !m4 #cb ,,ii ,a ,,brief ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,japanese ,no?+ def9ite is kn[n conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! ,japanese p4 ,"s au?orities ?9k t ! s\!rn portion ( ,japan 0 fir/ peopl$ by sailors & fi%]m5 f ,malay1 :o 7 drift$ ?i!r by ! /rong curr5t ( ! ,black ,/ream4 ,t ?is has happ5$ to %ipwreck$ sailors 9 ! pres5t "t is cit$ 9 confirmation ( ?is view4 ,"s ( ! nor!rn isl&s are )9 sight ( ! ma9l&1 & x is possible t tribes f nor!rn ,asia made _! way across ! n>r[ seas & settl$ !re4 ,e?nological & philological evid5ce indicates t "s immigrants came ov] f ,korea1 :i* !y c\ld easily h done1 z ! s\!rn "p ( ,korea is v ne>4 ,if ^! suppositions are true1 two races m+l$ 9 ,japan--! ,malay f ! s\? & ! #cc ,mongol f ! we/--& ! ,japanese p are ! jo9t product ( ! two4 ,b !re is no c]ta9 in=mation reg>d+ ^! immigrations1 & we _c affirm !m z hi/oric facts4 ,two ( ! greate/ au?orities on ?is subject1 ,baelz & ,re91 affirm t ! ,japanese are ( ,mongol orig94 ,dr4 ,baelz supposes t !re 7 two *ief /reams ( immigration f nor!rn & c5tral ,asia by way ( ,korea4 ,! immigrants gradually spread ea/w>d & nor?w>d & settl$ 9 ! l&1 becom+ ! prog5itors ( ! pres5t inhabitants4 ,x is hi/orically c]ta9 t "s ,*9am5 & ,koreans h settl$ 9 ,japan & contribut$ t[>d ! production ( ! ,japanese race2 bo? ,*9ese & ,japanese hi/ories conta9 acc\nts ( su* immigration2 b x is likely t settl]s 7 already "h long be=e ^!1 ( :om we h hi/oric acc\nts1 arriv$4 ,?is problem is made m difficult by ! fact t !re are two sep>ate & di/9ct races "h--! ,japanese & ! ,a9u4 ,! latt] d n appe> to be ,mongols4 ,! ,japanese call !m ! aborig9es4 ,:5 !y ent]$ ,japan1 & :]e !y came f1 is n kn[n4 ,!re is v little int]mix+ ( ^! two races4 ,! ,japanese h gradually =c$ ! ,a9u back to ! nor!rn isl&1 j z ! settl]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h driv5 back ! ,indians4 #cd ,ef=ts are be+ made lately to bett] ! condition ( ?is race1 b !y d n meet ) mu* success4 ,! ,a9u appe> to h little capacity = civilization1 & ! race is rapidly becom+ ext9ct4 ,s mu* = ! orig9 ( ! p4 ,we w endeavor to treat _! hi/ory1 v briefly1 "u ?ree heads3 my?ology1 my?ological hi/ory1 & reliable hi/ory4 ,japanese ,my?ology ,al?\gh we ( ! ,we/ are p]plex$ z to ! orig9 ( ! ,japanese1 ! national records give :at has be5 a v cle> & satisfactory acc\nt ( ?is4 ,h5ce ,i h includ$ a v brief /atem5t ( ?is native acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! ,japanese p "u ! head ( hi/ory1 al?\gh x is pure my?ology4 ,japanese hi/ory tea*es t 9 ! beg9n+ all ?+s 7 *aos4 ,!re 0 no ,creator1 & no ,fir/ ,cause ( ! univ]se4 ,!re 0 m]ely a cosmic mass4 ,by & by ! e!real matt] sublim$ & =m$ ! heav5s2 :at rema9$ =m$ ! e>?4 ,f ! w>m mold ( ! e>? sprang up a g]m :i* became a self-animate be+--! fir/ ( ! gods4 ,!n f\r o!r gods 7 g5]at$1 all sexless & self-begott54 ,^! gods sep>at$ ! #ce primordial sub/ance into ! five elem5ts ( wood1 fire1 metal1 e>?1 & wat]1 & gave to ea* its prop]ties4 ,! la/ ( ^! spontane\s div9e g5]ations 7 a bro!r & a si/]1 nam$ ,izanagi & ,izanami4 ,unit+ 9 m>riage1 !y became ! p>5ts ( ! v>i\s isl&s ( ,japan & ( gods & goddesses innum]able4 ,izanami di$ :5 giv+ bir? to ! god ( fire4 ,h] div9e consort aft]w>d visits h] 9 ! l[] regions to induce h] to return to him4 ,%e w\ld fa9 d s1 b mu/ fir/ consult ! gods ( ! place4 ,go+ to ask c\nsel ( !m1 %e does n return1 & ,izanagi1 impati5t at h] t>ry+1 goes 9 se>* ( h]4 ,he f9ds h] a mass ( putrefaction1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! eight ?und]-gods are sitt+4 ,disappo9t$ 9 8 hope1 he returns to ,japan & purifies himself by ba?+ 9 a /ream4 ,z he ba!s new gods are born f 8 clo?+ & f ea* "p ( 8 body4 ,! sun-goddess 0 born f 8 left eye1 ! moon-god f 8 "r eye1 & ,susanoo1 ! la/ ( all1 0 born f 8 nose4 ,:at a prolific bre$] ( gods 0 he6 ,! my?ology goes on relat+1 tale aft] tale1 ! absurd actions ( ^! gods resid+ toge!r = sev]al g5]ations 9 ,japan1 ! c5t] ( ! univ]se1 frequ5tly visit+ bo? heav5 & hell1 & p]=m+ all k9ds ( miracul\s feats4 #cf ,9 native hi/ory ?is p]iod is call$ ! p]iod ( ! gods4 ,ab\t six g5]ations aft] ,izanagi & ,izanami1 9 ! direct l9e ( desc5t f !m1 ! fir/ human emp]or ( ,japan 0 born4 ,8 "n 0 ,kamu-,yamato-,ih>e-,biko1 po/hum\sly call$ ,jimmu ,t5no4 ,^? ,japanese to ^: m9ds ! problem ( ! orig9 ( ! outside nations ev] occurr$ solv$ x 9 ?is fa%ion3 ! b>b>ian nations mu/ likewise h desc5d$ f ! mikado1 ! son ( heav51 9 v remote times1 b h w&]$ (f & are n[ f> f ! div9e s\rce4 ,! ,japanese1 be+ /ill "u ! protection ( _! div9e fa!r1 are v mu* ne>] 9 ! l9e ( desc5t1 & h5ce are ! fir/ race 9 ! _w4 ,?us !y trace _! desc5t direct to ! gods1 & _! emp]or is to ?is day consid]$ ! div9e fa!r ( 8 p4 ,x is a pity we _c jo9 ) !m 9 accept+ ?is easy solution ( ! difficult problem ( _! orig94 ,my?ological ,hi/ory ,by ?is t]m ,i w\ld designate t p]iod 9 ,japanese hi/ory 9 :i* my?ology & hi/ory are s bl5d$ z to be insep>able4 ,= almo/ "o ?\s& ye>s records purport+ to be hi/orical are s int]m+l$ ) t :i* is #cg purely my?ological z to make x next to impossible to discrim9ate betwe5 !m4 ,japanese hi/orians claim t ! au!ntic hi/ory ( _! c\ntry dates f ! "t ( ,jimmu ,t5no 7#fjj ,b4,c471 & ! national records are unbrok5 f t "t to ! pres5t4 ,mo/ ,european & ,am]ican hi/orians h accept$ ^! records z true1 & yet critical s*ol>s "h feel b\nd to reject !m4 ,! olde/ ,japanese hi/ories 7 n writt5 until ! eigh? c5tury ,a4,d41 & x does n seem probable t traditions h&$ d[n by ^w ( m\? = m ?an a ?\s& ye>s w\ld be reliable4 ,! records !mselves are contradictory & self-refut+4 ,contempor>y ,*9ese & ,korean hi/ory1 9 :i* are frequ5t ref]5ces to ! l& ( ,wa1 i4e41 ,japan1 does n agree ) ! ,japanese records1 :i* be> evid5ce ( hav+ be5 writt5 = a purpose o!r ?an a true /atem5t ( hi/orical facts4 ,^! & o!r reasons h l$ ,messrs4 ,a/on & ,*amb]la91 ! s*ol>s :o h /udi$ ?is subject p]haps m ?an any o!rs1 to conclude t ,japanese records prior to ! date #dfa ,a4,d4 are unreliable4 ,?is p]iod 9 dispute 7f #fjj ,b4,c4 to #dfa ,a4,d47 ,i h designat$ ! p]iod ( my?ological hi/ory4 ,ev5 9 ! ,japanese s-call$ hi/ories ! my?ology = c5turies is n>rat$ along ) t :i* claims to be g5u9e #ch hi/ory2 ! gods /ill m+le ) m5 & take "p 9 _! affairs4 ,! leg5ds ( ! gods & ^? ( ! emp]ors are giv5 side by side 9 ! same book1 & z mu* cr$5ce atta*es to ! "o z to ! o!r4 ,or?odox ,%9to s*ol>s1 :ile recogniz+ ! fact ( ! p>allelism ( ! my?ology & ! hi/ory1 inconsi/5tly reject ! my?ological leg5ds ( ! gods :ile /r5u\sly hold+ to ^? relat+ to ! emp]ors4 ,my own op9ion is t mo/ ( ! important ev5ts relat$ 9 ! records dur+ ?is p]iod _h "s basis 9 fact1 b t ! acc\nts ( !m are exagg]at$ & p]v]t$4 ,comm5c+ ) ! p]iod :i* native hi/orians assign z ! beg9n+ ( au!ntic hi/ory1 ! fir/ important ev5t we f9d is ! accession ( ,jimmu ,t5no to ! ?rone 7#fjj ,b4,c474 ,b ! v exi/5ce ( ,jimmu ,t5no z an hi/orical p]sonage is n at all c]ta94 ,! evid5ce adduc$ has nev] be5 suffici5t to satisfy ,we/]n s*ol>s1 al?\gh ! ,japanese w\ld consid] x almo/ treason to disbelieve 9 him4 ,japanese hi/ories = ?is p]iod are v meag]4 ,!y consi/1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( a recital ( ! names & ages ( ! mikados1 ) p]haps a s5t5ce or two conc]n+ ! /ate ( ! c\ntry dur+ _! reigns4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts not$ 9 #ci ?is e>ly p]iod is ! subjugation ( ,korea by ! ,empress ,j+o4 ,%e is said to h collect$ a l>ge army1 &1 by ! help ( ! fi%es great & small1 & ( favorable w9ds & curr5ts1 to h cross$ ov] into ,korea 9 small junks1 & completely subjugat$ ! c\ntry1 r$uc+ x to ! position ( a tribut>y /ate4 ,! ,japanese firmly believe ?is /ory1 & are pr\d ( ! e>ly success ( _! arms 9 ?is =eign w>4 ,korean records ju/ify u 9 assum+ t ,japanese influ5ce 0 pr$om9ant 9 ,korea at ?is "t1 b ! /ory ( ! ,empress ,j+o1 especially 9 its details1 mu/ be receiv$ ) caution4 ,%e is p]haps an hi/orical p]sonage1 b :e!r %e invad$ ,korea or n is d\btful4 ,! next ev5t ( importance 9 ! records is ! introduction ( ,*9ese art1 sci5ce1 & le>n+1 :i* took place 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 & ex]t$ an incalculable influ5ce ^u ! p ( ,japan4 ,le>n+1 religion1 philosophy1 lit]ature1 laws1 e?ics1 m$ic9e1 art--all 7 br\ght ov] bodily4 ,f ?is "t =w>d ! ,japanese 7 l>gely /ud5ts & imitators ( ,*9a4 ,korea 0 ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ^! cont95tal influ5ces 7 transmitt$4 ,) ! introduction ( le>n+ & lit]ature hi/orical records began to be kept ov] all ,japan1 & oral tradition 0 no long] reli$ ^u4 ,f ?is "t ! au!ntic hi/ory ( ,japan beg9s4 #dj ,reliable ,hi/ory ,*amb]la91 ,a/on1 & o!rs agree t ! fir/ tru/wor?y date 9 ,japanese hi/ory is #dfa ,a4,d41 & t = ! succe$+ c5tury too mu* confid5ce mu/ n be plac$ 9 details4 ,?is disproves ! pretty /ories told by ! ,japanese1 & by _m ,we/]n writ]s z well1 z to ! great age ( ?is nation1 & its unbrok5 l9e ( emp]ors ext5d+ at lea/ z f> back z #fjj ,b4,c42 b x is n ! fir/ "t t pretty !ories h be5 rudely brok5 up by an inve/igation ( facts4 ,! imp]ial l9e is probably z old z t ( ! popes1 b h>dly old]4 ,japan1 9 fact & 9 au!ntic hi/ory1 is y\ng] ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,h] exi/5ce z a /ate began ab\t ! "t ( ! fall ( ! ,roman empire4 ,) ! ye> #dfa hi/orical ev5ts & p]sonages appe>1 &1 9 ! ma91 we may accept ! hi/ory f ?is "t =w>d z accurate4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! six? c5tury began "o ( ! mo/ important processes 9 ,japanese hi/ory--! conv]sion ( ! nation to ,buddhism4 ,= "s c5turies previ\s ,*9ese le>n+ & arts _h be5 gradually filt]+ into ,japan2 b !y _h n z yet ga9$ g5]al acceptance4 ,! ,buddhi/ prie/s br\ght ,*9ese civilization1 & 9 ! c\rse ( two #da c5turies x spread ov] ! c\ntry1 influ5c+ morality1 politics1 & ev]y?+4 ,sweep+ *anges 7 made 9 ! gov]nm5t1 :i* 0 !n organiz$ on ! ,*9ese c5traliz$ plan4 ,arts1 sci5ces1 & lit]ature fl\ri%$4 ,?is 0 ! gold5 age ( classical ,japan4 ,9 ! ye> #fgj ,a4,d4 ! great ,fujiw>a family came ^u ! /age4 ,! mikados 7 9 !ory absolute rul]s1 b ev5tually !y became m]e figureheads4 ,_! mode ( life 0 n su* z to make ( !m able rul]s4 ,surr\nd$ by an effem9ate c\rt1 liv+ 9 indol5ce & debau*]y amid prie/s & c\rt wom51 !y 7 h>dly compet5t to direct affairs4 ,! emp]or 0 (t5 a m]e *ild1 :o1 :5 he grew up1 ei!r abdicat$ freely or 0 =c$ to abdicate ! ?rone 9 favor ( ano!r *ild z weak z himself4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 adm9i/]$ by ! mo/ p[]ful vassals4 ,! great ,fujiw>a family held ! affairs ( /ate 9 its own h&s f #fgj to #ajej ,a4,d43 all ! important po/s 7 fill$ by its sons1 :ile its daught]s 7 m>ri$ to ! imbecile emp]ors4 ,! next important ev5t 9 ,japanese hi/ory is ! rise ( feudalism4 ,! w>like samurai classes1 disgu/$ ) ?is weak petticoat gov]nm5t1 arose 9 arms & ov]?rew x4 ,! great clans ( ,taira & ,m9amoto appe>$ & alt]nately held ! re9s ( gov]nm5t = ne>ly #db two c5turies4 ,lawlessness & disord] prevail$4 ,! lead] :o c\ld comm& ! mo/ m5 & w9 ! victory ) 8 sword 0 ma/] ( ! empire4 ,all ,japan became a milit>y camp1 ! *iefta9s wag+ w> aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,?us feudalism took its rise & prevail$ = _m c5turies1 p[]fully affect+ e =m ( ?\ght & life1 j z x did 9 ,europe at a simil> p]iod4 ,! ,taira family 0 f9ally ov]?r[n by ! ,m9amotos1 & ! *ief ( ! latt] clan1 ,yoritomo1 0 rais$ to ! supreme p[]4 ,?is man 0 ! fir/ to obta9 f ! imp]ial c\rt 9 ,kyoto ! title ( %ogun--g5]ally spok5 ( 9 ! ,we/ z tycoon4 ,f ?is "t =w>d 7#aaij-ahfg7 ! %ogun 0 ! real rul] ( ,japan4 ,! mikado 0 /ill ! !oretical head ( ! /ate1 desc5dant ( ! sun-goddess1 & f\nta9 ( all honor1 b he liv$ 9 ! retirem5t & seclusion ( 8 c\rt1 nev] se5 by 8 subjects1 & all matt]s ( gov]nm5t 7 att5d$ to by ! %ogun4 ,yoritomo's desc5dants gradually deg5]at$1 & 7 f9ally ov]?r[n by ! ,a%ikaga family4 ,?is p[]ful clan took *>ge ( ! gov]nm5t 9 #acch & held x until #aefe4 ,x enc\rag$ lit]ature & ! arts1 & ! c\rt became a c5t] ( elegance & ref9em5t4 ,especially #dc did ! intricate tea c]emonies fl\ri% at ?is "t4 ,?is family became weak & effem9ate f9ally1 l its pr$ecessors1 & 0 ov]?r[n4 ,japan 0 fir/ discov]$ by ,europeans probably 9 #aedb1 :5 ! ,portuguese adv5tur] ,m5dez ,p9to l&$ on h] coa/s4 ,he br\ght ! fir/ def9ite in=mation conc]n+ h] receiv$ 9 ,europe1 & 8 reports 7 s highly exagg]at$ t he 0 spok5 ( ev]y:]e z m5daci\s ,p9to4 ,soon aft] 8 visit numb]s ( ,portuguese adv5tur]s came1 :o 7 receiv$ w>mly by ! impressible p4 ,) !m came ! ,jesuits & ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! gr[? ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! bloody p]secutions x enc\nt]$1 beg9 f ?is "t4 ,^! int]e/+ subjects w be treat$ 9 ano!r *apt] & h5ce are pass$ ov] "h4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod liv$ successively ?ree ( ! greate/ m5 9 ,japanese hi/ory--,nobunaga1 ,hideyo%i1 & ,iyeyasu4 ,on ^! m5 devolv$ ! tasks ( break+ ! p[] ( ! feudal lords & br++ !m into m complete subjection to ! %ogun2 ( unify+ ! empire & ( /r5g!n+ ! c5tral gov]nm5t4 ,! plan 0 conceiv$ by ,nobunaga1 begun by ,hideyo%i1 & complet$ by ,iyeyasu4 ,! =m] 0 ! fri5d & patron ( ! ,*ri/ians1 ! two latt] _! bitt] p]secutors4 #dd ,aft] ! rul]s _h succe$$ 9 /amp+ out ,*ri/ianity ! c\ntry 0 clos$ to =eign influ5ce1 & = two hundr$ ye>s rema9$ h]metically seal$4 ,ev5 %ipwreck$ =eign sailors f\nd on h] coa/s 7 execut$1 & no ,japanese 0 p]mitt$ to leave ! c\ntry on pa9 ( dea?4 ,! only communication ) ! outside _w res]v$ 0 ?r\gh ! ,holl&]s1 a small b& ( :om 7 p]mitt$ to reside at ,nagasaki4 ,?r\gh !m v>i\s arts & sci5ces1 includ+ m$ic9e1 7 introduc$4 ,?is calm seclusion 0 rudely brok5 9 ^u by ! com+ ( ,commodore ,p]ry1 9 #ahec-ed1 ) 8 big guns4 ,he came to e/abli% treaties ( comm]ce & trade1 & to secure bett] treatm5t = ,am]ican %ips & sailors--peaceably if possible1 =cibly if necess>y4 ,"h x is ne$ful1 9 ! int]e/s ( tru?1 to disprove ano!r pretty /ory1 to ! effect t ,p]ry & 8 crew 7 v pi\s1 godly m51 & t !y secur$ ! concessions desir$ by peaceable me?ods--by pray+ & s++ psalms4 ,! fact is t ! concessions ga9$ 7 =c$ f ,japan by intimidation1 by ?reats1 & by a %[ ( /r5g?4 ,commodore ,p]ry also us$ ! same tactics 9 ,liukiu4 ,he effect$ 8 purpose1 x is true1 )\t us+ 8 guns1 except = intimidation1 b x is safe to say t he w\ld n h accompli%$ x )\t !m4 #de ,! treaties !n =c$ f ! gov]nm5t 7 humiliat+ to ,japan2 = example1 grant+ ext]ritoriality1 by virtue ( :i* =eign]s %\ld live "u _! own consuls & 9 no s5se be am5able to ! laws ( ! l&4 ,su* concessions are dem&$ by civiliz$ /ates ( ! unciviliz$ only1 & _! v exi/5ce implies inf]iority4 ,b no?+ else 0 possible at t "t1 nor did ,japan object4 ,! com+ ( ,p]ry1 & 8 =c$ op5+ ( ! c\ntry1 m>k$ ! bir? ( new ,japan1 s diff]5t f ! old1 & ! beg9n+ ( an era ( unprec$5t$ prosp]ity4 ,! ,japanese n[ recognize ?is1 & speak ( ,p]ry z "o ( _! greate/ b5efactors4 ,dur+ ! ye>s imm$iately prec$+ ?is !re 0 a great revival ( le>n+4 ,a s*ool ( lit]ati arose1 :i* zeal\sly /udi$ ! antiquities ( its own c\ntry z oppos$ to ! import$ ,*9ese classics4 ,a revival ( ,%9to sprang up1 & ) x grew aga9 t great rev]5ce & e/eem = ! anci5t imp]ial l9e1 ! div9e mikados1 z aga9/ ! up/>t %oguns4 ,9 ?is way began ! movem5t :i* end$ 9 ! revolution ( #ahfh & ! ov]?r[ ( ! %ogunate4 ,:5 ,p]ry came ! %ogun's gov]nm5t 0 already tott]+ to its fall1 & :5 ?is gov]nm5t made treaties ) =eign c\ntries1 #df admitt+ ! b>b>ians to ?is l& ( ! gods1 a l\d cry arose aga9/ x ov] all ! l&4 ,f9ally ! imp]ial c\rt at ,kyoto1 prompt$ by ! mighty daimios ( ,*o%u1 ,satsuma1 & ,tosa1 decid$ ^u ! abolition ( ! %ogunate4 ,! %ogun himself submitt$ to ! decree ( ! mikado1 b _m ( 8 foll[]s did n4 ,! ,w> ( ! ,revolution ensu$1 & aft] mu* fight+ ! imp]ial troops 7 victori\s2 ! %ogunate 0 =ev] aboli%$1 & ! emp]or once m took p]sonal *>ge ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,! lit]>y p>ty _h triumph$4 ,buddhism 0 l>gely supplant$ by ,%9to2 ! %ogunate1 :i* _h admitt$ ! =eign]s1 0 aboli%$2 & ! lit]ati fondly suppos$ t ! c\rt w\ld n[ expel ! intrud]s1 aboli% ! treaties1 aga9 %ut up ! c\ntry1 & affairs w\ld g on z 9 ! good old times4 ,b !y 7 deceiv$4 ,! mighty lords ( ,tosa1 ,satsuma1 & ,*o%u n[ decl>$ 9 favor ( =eign int]c\rse & ! adoption ( ,european civilization4 ,^! pr9ces 7 too p[]ful n to be he>d4 ,_! advice 0 he$$2 ! =eign]s 7 welcom$1 ! c\ntry 0 op5$ m & m1 old abuses 7 correct$1 & ! ,europeanization ( ,japan 0 begun4 ,! re=mation 0 ably assi/$ f ! v qu>t] :]e we w\ld expect to f9d x #dg mo/ bitt]ly oppos$4 ,! "y & able emp]or ,mutsuhito1 com+ out ( ! obscurity :i* _h en%r\d$ 8 ance/ors = ages1 & putt+ aside ! traditions ( c5turies1 ably second$ ! ef=ts ( 8 m9i/]s 9 e re=m4 ,! unp>allel$ progress dur+ 8 long & enlight5$ reign is due 9 no small "p to 8 wisdom & prud5ce4 ,he has %[n himself a lib]al1 enlight5$ mon>*1 & ,i am sure t ,i express ! s5tim5t ( e fri5d ( ,japan 9 say+1 ,long live 8 ,maje/y ,mutsuhito6 ,! re=mation ( ! c\ntry1 ! assimilation ( ,we/]n civilization & in/itutions1 & ! gradual op5+ & developm5t ( ! empire h gone on un9t]rupt$ly s9ce ! re/oration ( ! emp]or to ! supreme p[]4 ,9 #ahga ! daimiates 7 aboli%$ & ! old daimios retir$ to private life4 ,?us feudalism 0 at la/ brok5 up & ! c5tral gov]nm5t /r5g!n$4 ,9 ?is same ye> ! po/al & telegraph sy/ems 7 introduc$ & a m9t 0 e/abli%$4 ,9 #ahhi ! con/itution 0 promulgat$1 :]eby ! p 7 giv5 a voice 9 ! gov]nm5t1 & ,japan became a con/itutional mon>*y1 v mu* l ,prussia or o!r ,european /ates4 ,9 ?is ye> local self-gov]nm5t 0 also e/abli%$4 ,9 accordance ) ! con/itution1 ! fir/ ,diet 0 op5$ 9 #ahij4 #dh ,?is highe/ legislative body 9 ,japan resembles some:at1 9 its organization & functions1 ! ,g]man ,rei*/ag4 ,"o ( ! greate/ rec5t ev5ts 9 ,japanese hi/ory is ! successful revision ( ! treaties4 ,aft] ! ,re/oration & ! adoption ( ,we/]n in/itutions & civilization1 ef=ts 7 cont9ually be+ made to h ^! treaties revis$ on a basis m favorable to ,japan2 b ^! ef=ts 7 always defeat$4 ,?us ,japan 0 = _m ye>s =c$ to submit to treaties made long ago1 :i* 7 good en\gh !n1 b are outgr[n entirely n[4 ,no recognition :atev] 0 made ( h] great progress dur+ ^! ?irty ye>s1 & ! =eign p[]s /ill treat$ h] z an inf]ior4 ,?is 0 unju/1 & ! p naturally *af$ "u x4 ,f9ally1 by ! wisdom & p]sev]ance ( ! pres5t ,japanese /atesm51 treaty revision has be5 secur$ on ! basis ( equality4 ,by ?is revision %e rega9s ! concessions =c$ f h] 9 =m] ye>s4 ,aft] ! ye> #aijj all =eign]s resid+ 9 ,japan w become am5able to h] laws2 ext]ritoriality w be aboli%$2 p[] to levy taxes ^u imports )9 prescrib$ limits w be rega9$2 & ,japan w be recogniz$ z an equal by ! great p[]s ( ! ,we/4 ,9 return = ^! concessions on ! "p ( =eign p[]s1 %e gives lib]ty ( resid5ce & travel #di 9 any "p ( ! empire1 & all privileges g5]ally accord$ ali5s 9 ,we/]n nations1 except ! "r ( own]%ip ( l&4 ,we rejoice ) ,japan t ju/ice has at la/ be5 accord$ h]1 & t ! treaties h be5 satisfactorily revis$4 ,a sket* ( ,japanese hi/ory w\ld be incomplete )\t "s m5tion ( ! rec5t w> ) ,*9a4 ,?is w> 0 especially int]e/+ because x af=d$ ! fir/ opportunity ,japan has _h ( try+ h] /r5g? ) h] new arms4 ,= ye>s %e has be5 to s*ool to ! ,we/]n nations2 n[ %e goes out to put into practice ! lessons %e has le>n$4 ,h] f9e army & navy1 con/ruct$ aft] ! mo/ approv$ ,we/]n models1 are te/$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,! results are su* z to m ?an satisfy ,japan ) h] new equipm5t4 ,! /ory ( h] spl5did success aga9/ a nation outnumb]+ h] t5 to "o is famili> to all & ne$ n be rec\nt$4 ,! w> 0 a positive ga9 to ,japan 9 _m ways4 ,aside f ! mat]ial ga9 9 indemnity & ! ext5sion ( h] t]ritory1 x gave h] an opportunity to demon/rate to ! _w ! sub/antial progress %e has made4 ,no?+ else w\ld h ga9$ = h] s mu* respect f ,we/]n p[]s z h] pr[ess exhibit$ 9 ?is w>4 ,a demon/ration ( =ce & ( ability to fight great battles is /ill reg>d$ z a m>k ( progress & civilization4 #ej ,! w> also help$ to settle _m tr\blesome int]nal que/ions4 ,"s fe>$ ! p w\ld be s elat$ by _! ph5om5al success t _! pride & arrogance w\ld be un5durable4 ,b x 0 n s4 ,! ,japanese expect$ to w9 f ! beg9n+1 & 7 n surpris$ at ! result4 ,aft] ! w> 0 ov] !y settl$ d[n to ! ev5 t5or ( _! ways z ?\gh no?+ _h happ5$4 ,!y h %[n !mselves z able to be> victory z to w9 x4 ,su* is an all too brief acc\nt ( ! hi/ory ( ?is int]e/+ p4 ,an acqua9tance ) ! ma9 facts ( ?is hi/ory ,i ?\ght necess>y to enable ,am]ican ,*ri/ians rightly to appreciate ! "w ( _! mission>ies 9 _! ef=ts to plant ! *ur* 9 ,japan4 #ea ,,iii ,,japanese ,,*>act]i/ics ,x is next to impossible = an ali5 to judge accurately ! *>act]i/ics ( a p4 ,t a =eign]'s int]pretation ( a nation's "*1 & ( ! moral influ5ces t direct & mold its life1 is apt to be imp]fect & errone\s is n[ a recogniz$ tru?4 ,an ,engli%man _c und]/& a ,fr5*man1 nor a ,fr5*man an ,engli%man4 ,ev5 p s closely relat$ z ! ,engli% & ,am]icans1 ) a common ance/ry1 common hi/ory & traditions1 a common spee*1 common laws1 & a common fai?1 f9d great difficulty 9 prop]ly und]/&+ "o ano!r4 ,! ,am]ican essayi/ ,em]son did n v5ture to write ,engli% ,traits until he _h visit$ ,engl&1 m+l$ freely ) ! p1 & famili>iz$ himself ) ! manifold phases ( ,engli% "*2 & ,bryce's excell5t "w on ,! ,am]ican ,commonweal?1 9 #eb :i* ,am]ican *>act]i/ics are reflect$ m truly ?an !y h be5 by any o!r ,engli% writ]1 did n see ! light until its au?or _h made frequ5t visits to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & _h c>efully /udi$ 8 subject = sev5te5 ye>s4 ,if x is s h>d to und]/& a k9dr$ p1 h[ mu* h>d] x is to und]/& a p s ali5 z ! ,japanese6 ,"h ! religion1 language1 mann]s & cu/oms1 & moral ideas are s diff]5t f our own t ! task ( portray+ ! real *>act]i/ics ( ! race becomes a colossal "o4 ,x %\ld be attempt$ only by m5 :o h _h ye>s ( practical exp]i5ce ) ! p1 :o c read _! language & look at ?+s f _! /&po9t1 & :o br+ to _! task a lov+ sympa?y ) ! p ^: life !y w\ld portray4 ,b no?+ is m common ?an to meet ) sweep+ judgm5ts on ,japanese "* by p]sons utt]ly incompet5t to make !m4 ,m5 :o h p]haps nev] se5 ,japan sit 9 judgm5t ^u h] ) a gu/o unequal$4 ,globe-trott]s1 sp5d+ at mo/ only a few weeks "h1 & necess>ily le>n+ no?+ ( ! inn] life ( ! p1 h made mo/ sweep+ /atem5ts conc]n+ ! traits ( national "*1 su* z3 ,! ,japanese are a nation ( li>s2 ,!y are m]e imitators1 orig9at+ no?+2 ,!y are fickle & q #ec unreliable2 ,lic5ti\sness is ! mo/ prom95t trait 9 ! national "*1 etc4 ,n[ x is unnecess>y to say t judgm5ts =m$ 9 ?is way are wor?less4 ,"h1 if any:]e1 x behooves "o to write only aft] c>eful /udy & obs]vation1 & ev5 !n to speak ) caution4 ,physically ! ,japanese are inf]ior to ! races ( ! ,we/4 ,!y are %ort] ( /ature & light] ( weight ?an ,europeans or ,am]icans4 ,! upp] "p ( _! bodies is develop$ p]haps z fully z our own2 b ! l[] limbs h be5 s cramp$ by sitt+ on ! floor = c5turies t !y are %ort] & weak]4 ,_! habits ( life & _! vegetable diet h comb9$ to make ( !m a physically weak p4 ,!y age e>li] ?an ! races ( ! ,occid5t4 ,9 color !y d n diff] mu* f ! ,am]ican ,indians or ! half-bre$s ( ! ,s\?4 ,!re are two types ( facial expression3 ! old samurai or noble classes h a long1 n>r[ face1 %>p nose1 high1 n>r[ =ehead1 & oblique eyes2 ! l[] classes h fat1 r\nd1 pudd+ faces1 ) broad m\?s & flat noses4 ,^! two types are di/+ui%$ readily on ! /reets1 & rank c be judg$ by !m4 ,! ,japanese are a *e]ful race4 ,! c>es ( life seem lightly to weigh ^u !m4 ,on ! surface !y appe> always smil+ & happy4 #ed ,!y are v fond ( gay sc5es & bright colors4 ,polit5ess is a national *>act]i/ic4 ,etiquette has be5 c>ri$ to su* an ext5t z to h l>gely deg5]at$ into empty =ms4 ,m5tally !y are bright & intellig5t1 receiv+ & appreh5d+ in/ruction readily4 ,! /ud5ts are equally z dilig5t & e>ne/ z are ^? 9 ! academies & colleges ( ,am]ica1 ?\gh physically !y are n s able to endure prolong$ /udy4 ,!y h great ?ir/ = k1 & /udy = ! sake ( le>n+ itself2 h5ce ! v>i\s devices = evad+ /udy s common 9 ! s*ools at home are almo/ unkn[n4 ,! int5sity ( ?is ?ir/ = k on ! "p ( ! "y is rem>kable4 ,hundr$s ( "y m5 ov] all ,japan are /ruggl+ = an education aga9/ v great odds4 ,_m are n[ educat$ abroad1 & ^! take _! /& 9 our be/ colleges & univ]sities along ) ! brighte/ ( our own /ud5ts4 ,:5 _! c\rse is complet$ !y are able to c>ry on all k9ds ( le>n$ sci5tific inve/igations indep5d5tly ( _! tea*]s4 ,witness :at !y h done 9 seismology1 botany1 & m$ic9e4 ,^! facts indicate t ! ,japanese are an intellectual race4 ,9 ord] rightly to appreciate ! national "* we mu/ rememb] t ! idea ( p]sonality is develop$ "h only p>tially4 #ee ,?is is /rik+ly evid5t 9 ! /ructure ( ! language1 :i* consi/s ( n\ns & v]bs almo/ exclusively4 ,di/9ctions ( p]son & numb] are g5]ally ignor$1 & true pron\ns are entirely want+4 ,f anci5t times m5 h be5 consid]$1 n z individuals1 b en masse4 ,! family has be5 exalt$ above ! individual1 :o is h>dly consid]$ to h an exi/5ce ap>t f x4 ,?us1 9 anci5t times1 z among ,occid5tal races also1 if "o memb] ( a family came "u ! c5sure ( ! gov]nm5t1 all 7 c5sur$4 ,:5 "o memb] 0 put to dea?1 all 7 execut$4 ,z ! family1 & n ! individual1 0 ! unit ) :i* ! laws dealt1 ! family became ! subject ( prime consid]ation4 ,to p]petuate ! family l9e came to be consid]$ a v ess5tial ?+1 & 9 ord] !reto ! sy/em ( concub9age 0 introduc$4 ,x is prop] to /ate t 9 reg>d to ?is exaltation ( ! family ov] ! individual ,japan is n[ 9 a transition p]iod1 & t ! individual is becom+ m & m important 9 ! eyes ( ! law4 ,a m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,japanese is _! /rong patriotism4 ,!re is no m patriotic p on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,x is said t ! "n ( ! emp]or1 :isp]$ ov] ! heads ( an excit$ mob1 w calm x z readily z oil p\r$ on tr\bl$ wat]s4 ,9 ! rec5t w> #ef ) ,*9a !re 7 _m m volunte]s = active s]vice ?an c\ld be s5t to ! front4 ,i h se5 old m5 lam5t1 ) te>s 9 _! eyes1 t !y c\ld no long] s]ve _! c\ntry z soldi]s1 ev5 to ! dea? if ne$ be4 ,?is pr9ciple ( loyalty is ! /ronge/ motive p[] 9 ,japan to-day4 ,x sup]s$es all o!rs4 ,a man's duty to 8 family1 ev5 to 8 p>5ts1 is no?+ :5 comp>$ ) 8 duty to 8 c\ntry2 & ,japanese hi/ory ab\nds 9 pa!tic /ories ( m51 wom51 & ev5 *ildr51 :o h c\nt$ all o!r duties z naught & h will+ly sacrific$ _! lives = _! c\ntry4 ,patriotism "h am\nts to a passion--,i _h almo/ said a fanaticism4 ,f e>lie/ infancy x is in/ill$ into ! m9ds ( ! *ildr51 & !re is n "o ( ! little ones 9 ^: he>t 8 c\ntry has n ! fir/ place4 ,a native writ] has express$ ! s5tim5ts ( e ,japanese ?us3 ,my native l&6 ev]y:]e & always ! fir/ affections ( my he>t & ! fir/ labor ( my h&s %all be ?9e alone4 ,?is patriotism is n always held intellig5tly4 ,! masses ( ! p h v mi/ak5 ideas z to :at patriotism is4 ,i meet n a few :o believe t love = ,japan necessitates a hatr$ ( all o!r c\ntries1 & t no man c be loyal & at ! same "t admire & praise =eign l&s4 ,=tunately1 ! class #eg ^: nationalism is s un5light5$ is n an influ5tial "o2 o!rwise patriotism itself w\ld *eck ! gr[? & developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,z x is1 ! /rong nationali/ic feel+ s]ves to prev5t a too indiscrim9ate adoption ( ,we/]n in/itutions & to pres]ve ! good elem5ts ( old ,japan4 ,respect = p>5ts & tea*]s is "o ( ! mo/ prom95t elem5ts 9 ! national "*4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple ( ,confucian e?ics1 z taught 9 ,*9a1 is rev]5ce & ob$i5ce to p>5ts2 & al?\gh 9 ,japan ?is has be5 subord9at$ to ! pr9ciple ( loyalty1 x is /ill a prom95t factor 9 ! national life4 ,! prop] attitude ( *ildr5 t[>d p>5ts1 & pupils t[>d tea*]s1 is n "o ( love1 b "o ( absolute ob$i5ce & rev]5ce4 ,x is said "h t true love c come only f a sup]ior to an inf]ior1 :ile ! prop] feel+ ( inf]iors t[>d _! sup]iors is "o ( rev]5ce4 ,?is relation ( sup]ior & inf]ior is c>ri$ into e phase ( society1 & on x dep5ds mu* ( ! family & national life4 ,! pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce is almo/ ! only moral tea*+ giv5 to ! girls1 & :5 !y are gr[n up _! moral ideas clu/] r\nd ?is "o po9t4 ,9 old5 times p>5ts _h absolute control ov] _! *ildr5 & c\ld dispose ( !m z !y saw fit1 ev5 kill+ !m if !y s desir$4 ,b n[ ! #eh p>5t's control ov] ! *ild is limit$ by law4 ,*ildr5 are expect$ to yield implicit1 unque/ion+ ob$i5ce to _! p>5ts1 & ,japanese *ildr5 are usually m virtu\s 9 ?is respect ?an ! *ildr5 ( ,am]icans4 ,z a result ( ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce1 inculcat$ f *ildhood1 has gr[n ! univ]sal respect = au?ority f\nd 9 ,japan4 ,:atev] ! gov]nm5t does ! common p d n "q4 ,ev5 petty (ficials are respect$ & obey$ 9 a mann] surpris+ to u indep5d5tly ?9k+ p ( ! ,we/4 ,no matt] h[ disagreeable & unju/ an act on ! "p ( ! au?orities may be1 x is usually accept$ meekly ) ! comm5t1 ,!re is no help = x4 ,! c\nt]p>t ( ?is rev]5ce & unque/ion+ ob$i5ce to au?ority is a feel+ ( meekness & dep5d5ce4 ,! gov]nm5t is dep5d$ ^u = mu* m ?an is ! gov]nm5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is expect$ to inaugurate all great comm]cial & indu/rial ent]prises4 ,?us ! build+ ( railroads1 ! con/ruction ( telegraphs1 & o!r great works h _h to be execut$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ?is _s is *ang+ some:at1 & private corporations are beg9n+ to inaugurate great ent]prises4 ,b 9 g5]al x may be said t ! national "* is lack+ 9 indep5d5ce & decision4 #ei ,love ( ! beautiful is a prom95t & highly develop$ ,japanese trait4 ,_! ideals ( beauty diff] mu* f ,we/]n ideals1 & _m ?+s t !y pron\nce beautiful w\ld n be s judg$ 9 ! ,occid5t4 ,mo/ ,am]icans at fir/ _c appreciate ,japanese art1 l&scape sc5]y1 or fl[]s2 b a %ort resid5ce "h & an acqua9tance ) native life & sc5es soon br+ "o to appreciate !m4 ,! e/hetic faculty is mu* m highly develop$ ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is possess$ by all classes4 ,! g>d5s ( ! ri* are laid out ) especial c>e1 & no money or pa9s are sp>$ to make !m beautiful4 ,i h se5 day-labor]s /& & gaze = a long "t at a beautiful sunset1 or g into raptures ov] a dw>f$ *]ry-bu% j putt+ =? its t9y buds4 ,m5 :o h work$ 9 ! fields all day1 until !y are exhau/$1 on _! return home 9 ! ev5+ w /op by ! wayside to pluck "s beautiful %rub or fl[] & c>ry x back ) !m4 ,g into ! room ( a s*ool-boy & y w almo/ inv>iably f9d 8 table bright5$ by a pretty b\quet ( fl[]s4 ,:5 ! *]ries are 9 bloom ! :ole population leaves (f "w & turns out to enjoy !m4 ,japan is a beaute\s l&1 & no p are m capable ( appreciat+ h] beauty ?an h] own4 ,! ,japanese are op5-m9d$ & receptive ( tru?1 f :atev] qu>t] x may come4 ,7 ?is n true x w\ld h be5 impossible #fj = h] to h become :at %e is to-day4 ,:5 ,buddhism 0 fir/ br\ght to ,japan x 0 se5 to possess elem5ts ( religi\s p[] t ,%9to did n h1 & ! p by & by accept$ x4 ,:5 ,confucianism 0 introduc$ its moral tea*+s 7 se5 to be l(ty & inspir+1 & x 0 giv5 a w>m welcome4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity fir/ came _m ( ! daimios took especial pa9s to exam9e into x to see if x 7 likely to b5efit _! c\ntry1 ) ! full int5tion ( accept+ x4 ,h[ _m ( !m did accept x is told 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,! pres5t attitude ( opposition is ! result ( prejudice1 in/ill$ 9 "p by pa/ exp]i5ce ) ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 "p by ! misrepres5tation ( its enemies2 x is n ! result ( natural intol]ance4 ,! read9ess ) :i* ,we/]n le>n+ ( all k9ds has be5 adopt$1 & ! pati5t he>+ & inve/igation native s*ol>s give to all new !ories ( sci5ce & k1 cle>ly %[ t _! m9d is an op5 & receptive "o4 ,a native pr(essor has express$ ?is *>act]i/ic 9 ^! words3 ,! ,japanese z a race are op5-he>t$1 ) a m9d free f prejudice & op5 to conviction4 ,b t x is z receptive ( prejudice & misrepres5tation z ( tru? & k is evid5c$ by its pres5t attitude t[>d ,*ri/ianity4 ,_m critics h pron\nc$ ! ,japanese a #fa v speculative p1 b x is d\btful if ?is is true4 ,by nature1 ,i ?9k1 !y are m incl9$ to be practical ?an speculative4 ,ab/ract metaphysical & !ological ideas h little *>m = !m4 ,b !re is a l>ge elem5t 9 ,japan t simulates a ta/e = philosophical /udy4 ,philosophy & metaphysics are reg>d$ by !m z ! pr(\nde/ ( all bran*es ( le>n+1 & 9 ord] to be ?\ght le>n$ !y pr(ess great int]e/ 9 ^! /udies4 ,n only are ! highly metaphysical philosophies ( ! ,ea/ /udi$1 b ! v>i\s sy/ems ( ! ,we/ are look$ into likewise4 ,_m ( ! p are capable ( appreciat+ ^! philosophies1 too2 b !y d x = a purpose4 ,japanese "* is lack+ 9 /eadfa/ness & fix$ness ( purpose4 ,huge ent]prises w be begun ) great en?usiasm1 only to be ab&on$ 9 a %ort :ile4 ,!re is n t /eadfa/ness & fix$ness :i* lays out f>-rea*+ plans1 ext5d+ ye>s into ! future1 & :i* adh]es to ^! plans until _! purpose is accompli%$4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are vacillat+ & *angeful1 z is %[n by _! migratory disposition4 ,?is want ( /eadfa/ness is ev5 ev9c$ by _m m9i/]ial c&idates4 ,x is a frequ5t occurr5ce = "y m5 to ent] ! mission s*ools ) ! firm int5tion ( #fb becom+ evangeli/s1 &1 by ! "t _! academic c\rse is f9i%$1 to *ange _! m9d & g into "s o!r call+4 ,"s ( ^? :o h become evangeli/s are re/less & vacillat+1 & aft] !y h be5 locat$ 9 "o place = a few ye>s l to be transf]r$ to ano!r4 ,! /ick-to-x-iv5ess ( ! ,anglo-,saxon is l>gely want+4 ,b we mu/ n speak too dogmatically ^u ?is po9t1 = ! ,japanese gov]nm5t has %[n itself capable ( lay+ out f>-rea*+ plans1 & ( adh]+ to its orig9al purpose until x is successfully accompli%$4 ,inconsi/5cy is ano!r trait ( ! ,japanese m9d1 :i* (t5 turns squ>e ab\t & takes positions exactly oppos$ to its av[$ pr9ciples1 realiz+ no inconsi/5cy 9 do+ s4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ 9 ! political life ( ! p4 ,9 !ory ! emp]or1 z ! div9e head ( ! nation1 _c g wrong1 & :atev] he does is necess>ily "r4 ,x is ! duty ( e subject unque/ion+ly to obey ! w ( ! emp]or4 ,to ?is all ,japanese w readily agree1 b 9 practice ! p are (t5 f\nd arraign$ aga9/ ! gov]nm5t1 :i* has ! emp]or = its head4 ,l9es ( policy :i* ! emp]or himself has mapp$ out & pursu$ = ye>s are (t5 bitt]ly oppos$2 & yet ! p are all unconsci\s ( ?is1 & res5t v mu* any ins9uation t !y are oppos+ 8 w4 #fc ,ano!r evid5ce ( inconsi/5cy is se5 9 _! opposition to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! usual objection t is made aga9/ our fai? is t x is a ,we/]n religion1 & !re are ?\s&s ( p :o oppose x solely on ?is gr\nd4 ,b1 ev5 :ile oppos+ ! ,we/]n religion1 !y are daily us+ all k9ds ( ,we/]n in/itutions gladly4 ,all mann] ( mat]ial ?+s are receiv$ f abroad ) pleasure1 & are consid]$ none ! worse = _! =eign orig91 ! l9e be+ drawn at religion4 ,japanese "* is l>gely want+ 9 orig9ality4 ,! p h orig9at$ almo/ no?+1 hav+ accept$ ne>ly ev]y?+ at ! h&s ( o!rs4 ,9 anci5t times ,japan _h ,korea = a tea*]2 aft]w>d %e /udi$ "u ,*9a2 n[ %e is at s*ool to ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,h] m$ieval civilization 0 accept$ bodily f ,asia1 j z h] mod]n is f ,europe4 ,no important inv5tions h be5 made4 ,ev5 ! little j9riki%a1 :i* is ! univ]sal means ( locomotion1 & :i*1 ,i believe1 is f\nd n[h]e else except 9 c]ta9 ,*9ese ports1 is said to h be5 fir/ made by an ,am]ican mission>y = ! com=t & conv5i5ce ( 8 invalid wife4 ,x %\ld be said1 h[ev]1 t "s claim ! native orig9 ( ! j9riki%a1 & cont5d t its inv5tor liv$ 9 ,kyoto4 ,b :ile ! ,japanese are n orig9ators1 !y #fd are excell5t imitators4 ,! ability to imitate well is a p[] n to be despis$4 ,?is1 :5 c\pl$ ) assimilation1 is a v fruitful s\rce ( progress1 z ! ,japan ( to-day witnesses4 ,! ease & facility ) :i* ,japan has imitat$ ! ,we/ & assimilat$ h] in/itutions1 apply+ !m to new & *ang$ conditions1 is m>vel\s4 ,giv5 a model1 ! p c make any?+1 no matt] h[ dim9utive or complicat$4 ,ev5 ! ,am]ican dude is mo/ successfully imitat$4 ,! ,japanese d n slavi%ly foll[ _! models1 b are able to *ange1 modify1 & develop !m at w4 ,giv5 ! g5]al idea1 !y c easily con/ruct ! re/4 ,?us 9 ! adoption ( ,we/]n in/itutions !y h 9 "s cases actually improv$ ^u _! models4 ,especially is ?is true ( ! po/al & telegraph sy/ems1 :i*1 ?\gh copi$ aft] our own1 are 9 _m respects sup]ior4 ,!y are n bl9d foll[]s ( _! tea*]s1 b (t5 />t out on indep5d5t exploration & inve/igation4 ,su* p[]s ( imitation are second only to ^? ( inv5tion1 & h made ,japan :at %e is to-day4 ,ano!r national peculi>ity is ! slight value plac$ ^u human life4 ,! idea t ! family1 & n ! individual1 is ( supreme importance1 & ! ,buddhi/ic tea*+ t life itself is ! greate/ ( all evils1 are responsible = ?is4 ,to #fe p\r out "o's blood ^u ! battle-field = "o's "l has f ( old be5 consid]$ a privilege4 ,dea? has n t t]ror t x has 9 ! ,we/1 & ! p are n afraid to die4 ,h5ce suicides are ( v frequ5t occurr5ce1 & to take "o's own life is1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 consid]$ a m]itori\s act4 ,"u ! old rgime a memb] ( ! samurai or w>rior classes c\ld n be execut$ l a common man1 b aft] condemnation 0 left to take 8 own life4 ,ab\t sev5 ?\s& suicides occur 9 ,japan ea* ye>4 ,! slighte/ reasons w induce a man to take 8 own life4 ,/ati/ics %[ t ! proportion ( suicides v>ies ) ! success or failure ( ! rice crop4 ,if su/5ance is *eap1 p live2 if x is de>1 !y rid !mselves ( ! burd5 ( life4 ,! numb] ( suicides also v>ies mu* ) ! season ( ! ye>1 %[+ t su* little matt]s z heat & discom=t w outweigh ! value put ^u life4 ,a "y girl rec5tly came to ,saga f ,kago%ima z a h\sehold s]vant ,%e did n l h] new home1 & ask$ h] mi/ress to s5d h] back to h] bir?place4 ,! mi/ress refus$1 & ! next morn+ ! poor girl 0 f\nd dead 9 ! y>d1 hav+ hang$ h]self dur+ ! night--all1 =soo?1 because %e c\ld n g home4 ,s l[ is ! value plac$ ^u life "h6 ,human life is valu$ highly 9 ! ,we/ #ff solely because ( ,*ri/ian tea*+2 outside ( ,*ri/5dom x is *eap4 ,x has be5 *>g$ ^u ! ,japanese t !y are want+ 9 gratitude1 or1 at lea/1 t _! gratitude la/s only s long z !y are look+ = favors4 ,?is is b p>tially true4 ,ev] s9ce ,i came to ,japan ,i h be5 tea*+ a few boys ,engli% at odd h\rs1 & !y h really emb>rass$ me by ! numb] ( _! pres5ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i h help$ "y m5 ) money at s*ool1 :o 7 at fir/ grateful app>5tly1 & w\ld come to my home to p]=m v>i\s small s]vices 9 return1 b by & by w\ld object to do+ ! lea/ s]vice1 ev5 :ile liv+ on my *>ity4 ,9 pa/ ye>s ,japan has 9 v>i\s capacities employ$ a great numb] ( ,am]icans & ,europeans1 & has usually r5d]$ !m a v adequate return = _! s]vices4 ,9 addition to ! /ipulat$ sal>y1 %e has (t5 giv5 !m co/ly pres5ts4 ,b rec5tly a good deal ( compla9t has be5 made by =eign employees to ! effect t1 aft] !y h giv5 ! be/ ye>s ( _! lives to ! s]vice ( ,japan1 !y h be5 summ>ily dismiss$1 )\t previ\s notice & )\t ?anks4 ,evid5ces ( +ratitude are v num]\s 9 ! native *ur*4 ,! mission>y :o has left home1 fri5ds1 & c\ntry = ! sake ( ^! #fg p1 & :o labors = !m ) all ! p[]s ,god has giv5 him1 is (t5 n rew>d$ by t gratitude & k9dness on ! "p ( 8 conv]ts :i* he reasonably expects4 ,frequ5tly he takes "y m5 f ! humbl] walks ( life1 provides bo? _! food & clo?+1 gives !m six or eight ye>s' in/ruction 9 well-equipp$ s*ools1 supports !m lib]ally z evangeli/s1 only to h !m rise up aga9/ him1 oppose him 9 8 "w1 & pron\nce him an ignoramus4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! native *ur* !re is a /rong anti-mission>y _s1 & ! feel+ ( gratitude :i* ^! *ur*es %\ld h = _! f\nd]s1 organiz]s1 & support]s is want+4 ,f su* facts z ^! we are =c$ to conclude t ! feel+ ( gratitude is n v /rong4 ,mu* has be5 said 9 reg>d to ! comm]cial honor & integrity ( ! ,japanese4 ,our fir/ ,am]ican m9i/] to ,japan1 ,t[ns5d ,h>ris1 pron\nc$ !m ! greate/ li>s ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,a =eign employee 9 a gov]nm5t s*ool1 :5 ask$ conc]n+ ! native "*1 repli$ 9 two words--deceit & conceit4 ,! num]\s exceptions to upright deal+ 9 m]cantile circles seem to ju/ify ^! judgm5ts4 ,native m]*ants are unreliable 9 su* matt]s z punctuality1 v]acity1 & ! keep+ ( contracts4 ,!y w d all 9 _! #fh p[] to avoid ! fulfilm5t ( a contract :i* w\ld entail a loss4 ,! artisan class is ev5 m unreliable 9 ^! respects ?an are ! m]*ants4 ,to (fset ?is1 x %\ld be said t1 :ile ! p are frequ5tly unreliable 9 private matt]s1 9 public affairs & 9 all gov]nm5tal relations !y are hone/ & fair-deal+4 ,public (fice is seldom p]v]t$ = private ends1 & ! national consci5ce w\ld quickly call to acc\nt any (ficial :o w\ld enri* himself at ! public exp5se4 ,9 ?is respect ,japan is 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! o!r nations ( ! ,ea/1 &1 alas6 ) _m ( ^? ( ! ,we/ z well4 ,i h n endeavor$ to give an exhau/ive /atem5t ( ! national *>act]i/ics ( ! ,japanese p1 b h simply tri$ to give en\gh to help my read]s to an appreciation ( ! native "*4 ,i h endeavor$ to be /rictly tru?ful & at ! same "t to d ju/ice to ! race4 ,:ile fully recogniz+ ! fail+s ( ! ,japanese1 we mu/ also recognize ! great improvem5t ( ! national "* 9 rec5t ye>s1 & mu/ rememb] t !y are 9 _m respects labor+ at a great disadvantage1 & des]ve1 n hatr$ & contempt1 b our w>me/ sympa?y & love4 #fi ,,iv ,,mann]s ,,& ,,cu/oms ,a /udy ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( =eign peoples is bo? int]e/+ & pr(itable4 ,if we h no k ( ! cu/oms ( o!r nations we are apt to ?9k t our own cu/oms h _! gr\nd 9 et]nal reason1 & t all cu/oms diff]+ f ours are necess>ily false & wrong4 ,b if we /udy ! mann]s ( o!r l&s1 & le>n ( ! daily obs]vance ( cu/oms _m ( :i* are squ>ely oppos$ to our own1 & :i* nev]!less "w well1 we w be l$ to value our own cu/oms at _! true wor?1 & to realize t we h n a monopoly ( all t is good1 conv5i5t1 & useful4 ,to "k ! mann]s & cu/oms ( a c\ntry is to "k mu* ab\t t c\ntry4 ,!re is no tru] index ( ! "* ( a p's life4 ,kn[+ ^!1 ! prevail+ morality & gov]n+ laws may be v l>gely inf]r$4 ,9 fact1 #gj e phase ( a nation's life has s intimate a connection ) ! mann]s & cu/oms t a /udy ( ^! is exce$+ly pr(itable4 ,su* a /udy is especially necess>y to ^? :o w\ld ga9 a correct k ( ! nature & difficulties ( mission "w 9 =eign l&s4 ,! cu/oms ( a p w h a direct be>+ ^u mission "w among !m4 ,if ,*ri/ianity violates national cu/oms x w be condemn$2 if x obs]ves !m x w be tol]at$4 ,:e!r x obs]ves or violates !m mu/ dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! cu/oms !mselves4 ,! success ( ,*ri/ianity 9 any c\ntry w dep5d1 9 "p1 ^u ! nature ( ! cu/oms preval5t !re4 ,!re=e x is wise = u to /udy ^? ( ,japan1 9 ord] to a bett] und]/&+ ( ! p & ( ! condition & prospects ( mission "w among !m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ facts 9 connection ) ,japanese cu/oms is t _m ( !m are exactly oppos$ to ^? :i* prevail 9 ! ,we/4 ,p :o h be5 accu/om$ to do+ c]ta9 ?+s "o way all _! lives1 & h come to look ^u t z ! only way1 ^u com+ out "h are %ock$ to f9d ^! v same ?+s done 9 precisely ! opposite way4 ,?is is s to su* an ext5t t ,japan has be5 call$ ,topsyturvydom4 ,b to ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! cu/oms ( bo? ,ea/ & #ga ,we/ x is a s]i\s "q :i* "o is topsy-turvy4 ,aft] "o has become us$ to !m1 _m ( ! cu/oms appe> j z s5sible & conv5i5t z ^? ( ,am]ica or ,europe4 ,:y ?is opposition1 we d n "k1 b p]haps ! fact t ! ,japanese are antipodal to u makes x fitt+ t _! cu/oms %\ld be antipodal too4 ,i w po9t out a few ( ! ?+s t are s diff]5t4 ,! mann] ( mak+ books & ( writ+ lett]s is v diff]5t f t to :i* my read]s are accu/om$4 ,an ,occid5tal has an idea t some?+ inh]5t 9 ?+s necessitates t a book beg9 at ! left side1 & ! ?\ght ( beg9n+ at ! o!r side appe>s to him ridicul\s4 ,b 9 reality x is e :it z conv5i5t1 fitt+1 & s5sible to beg9 at "o side z at ! o!r2 & all ,japanese books beg9 at ! side :i* p ( ! ,we/ call ! end1 i4e41 at ! "r side1 & read t[>d ! left4 ,:ile ,engli% books are pr9t$ across ! page 9 l9es f left to "r1 ,japanese books are pr9t$ f "r to left 9 columns4 ,an ,occid5tal g5]ally turns ! leaves ( 8 book f ! top ) 8 left h&2 an ,ori5tal turns !m f ! bottom ) 8 "r h&4 ,9 ,we/]n libr>ies ! books are plac$ on _! ends 9 r[s2 9 ,japan !y are laid flat d[n on _! sides & pil$ up 9 columns4 ,if we see sev]al good diction>ies #gb or encyclop$ias 9 a man's /udy we are apt to inf] t he is a man ( /udi\s habits2 ! ,japanese ( old5 times inf]r$ j ! opposite4 ,! idea seems to h be5 t a s*ol> w\ld already h ! mean+ & use ( all words 9 8 head & w\ld n ne$ to ref] to a diction>y4 ,a ,japanese fri5d :o came into my /udy "o day express$ great surprise at see+ sev]al l>ge diction>ies !re4 ,y h c]ta9ly _h bett] educational advantages ?an ,i h1 he said1 & yet ,i c get along ) a v small diction>y2 :y _c y8 ,^u inquiry1 ,i le>n$ t _m ,japanese keep _! diction>ies conceal$1 because !y d n want x said t !y mu/ ref] to !m (t54 ,! mann] ( address+ lett]s 9 ,japan is exactly oppos$ to ours4 ,take a famili> example4 ,we write3 ,,mr4 ,,frank ,,jones1 #aaj ,gay ,/reet1 ,knoxville1 ,t5nessee4 ,a ,japanese w\ld write x3 ,t5nessee1 ,knoxville1 ,gay ,/reet1 #aaj1 ,,jones1 ,,frank1 ,,mr4 ,! latt] is c]ta9ly ! m s5sible me?od1 because :at ! po/ma/] wants to see is n #gc ! "n ( ! man to :om ! lett] is address$1 b ! place to :i* x is to g4 ,9 matt]s ( dress !re are "s cu/oms q oppos$ to our own4 ,! ,am]ican lady1 especially if %e goes to a ball1 has h] neck & arms b>e1 b %e w\ld be %ock$ at ! v m5tion ( hav+ h] feet b>e4 ,! ,japanese lady puts h] heavie/ clo?+ on h] arms & %\ld]s1 b does n at all m9d be+ se5 ) b>e feet & ankles4 ,_m ( ! ladies d n we> any foot-ge> at all 9 ! h\se1 b ^! same wom5 c\ld h>dly be induc$ to expose _! arms & necks z ,we/]n wom5 d4 ,a ,we/]n lady is v anxi\s to h a ?91 n>r[ wai/2 h] ,japanese si/] wants a broad "o4 ,9 ! ,we/ curly hair is highly priz$ on girls & wom52 9 ! ,ea/ x is consid]$ an abom9ation4 ,if y tell a little girl "h t h] hair is curly1 %e w consid] x a disgrace & w cry bitt]ly4 ,! mo/ /rik+ diff]5ce 9 reg>d to dress1 h[ev]1 is 9 m\rn+ dress4 ,:]eas 9 ! ,we/ x is always black1 9 ,japan x is always :ite4 ,ano!r rem>kable contra/ is f\nd 9 ! relation ( ! sexes4 ,9 ,am]ica ! woman is giv5 ! prec$5ce 9 ev]y?+4 ,h] husb&1 & all o!r m5 :o come )9 h] influ5ce1 mu/ s]ve & honor h]4 ,att5d an ev5+ p>ty & see woman 9 h] glory4 ,h[ #gd ! m5 cr[d r\nd h]1 anxi\s to s]ve or ent]ta96 ,:5 supp] is ann\nc$ !y vie ) "o ano!r = ! honor ( escort+ h] to ! d9+-room4 ,%e mu/ h fir/ seat at table & be fir/ s]v$1 & dur+ ! progress ( ! meal ! m5 mu/ be c>eful to see t %e has ev]y?+ h] sweet w desires4 ,:5 supp] is ov] ! ladies prec$e ! m5 to ! draw+-room1 & by ! "t ! m5 aga9 appe> on ! sc5e ! ladies1 includ+ ! ho/ess1 are settl$ 9 ! easie/ *airs4 ,:5 ! "t = dep>ture has come x is my lady :o ann\nces to ! ho/ess--n ! ho/--h] dep>ture1 & h] husb& or escort simply awaits h] bidd+4 ,9 ,japan all ( ?is is *ang$4 ,! man takes prec$5ce ev]y:]e1 & ! woman mu/ s]ve him4 ,at meals ! woman mu/ fir/ wait on h] husb& & !n %e h]self may eat4 ,:51 gue/s come1 ! husb& is ! *ief ent]ta9]1 & ! wife takes a back seat & says little4 ,on pass+ ?r\gh a door1 ent]+ a tra9 or c>riage1 etc41 ! husb& always prec$es 8 wife4 ,:5 walk+ on ! /reet toge!r %e does n walk by 8 side1 b comes along beh9d4 ,! m5 d n int5d to mi/reat ! wom52 !y simply take :at !y reg>d _! due z ! head ( ! family4 ,among ! cu/oms mo/ peculi> 9 ! eyes ( ,we/]n]s & mo/ squ>ely oppos$ to _! #ge own are ^? relat+ to m>riage4 ,9 ,japan ! "y man & woman h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! mat*-mak+1 except to give _! cons5t to ! arrangem5ts ( _! p>5ts2 & frequ5tly ev5 ?is is n ask$4 ,! w$d+ is arrang$ 9 "s su* mann] z ?is3 ,:5ev] ! p>5ts ( a "y man ?9k _! son old en\gh to get m>ri$ !y secure ! s]vices ( "s fri5d1 :o acts z g-betwe54 ,x is ! duty ( ?is p>ty to se>* out a suitable girl & w9 ! cons5t ( h] p>5ts to ! m>riage4 ,:ile ?is is go+ on x is n likely t ei!r ( ! "y p is aw>e ( x1 b z soon z ! p>5ts h arrang$ matt]s to _! own satisfaction !y are in=m$4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ! man has nev] se5 8 bride until ! w$d+-day4 ,"y p seldom object to ! arrangem5ts ( _! p>5ts1 & m>riages made 9 ?is way seem to "w well4 ,9 ! ,we/ ! w$d+ (t5 takes place 9 *ur*2 9 ,japan ! temples are /udi\sly avoid$ at su* times4 ,!re a m9i/] is ne>ly always pres5t2 "h !y are v c>eful to exclude prie/s4 ,! w$d+ is to be joy\s1 & z prie/s are kn[n be/ z (ficiators at fun]als1 & ideas ( sadness & mis=tune are associat$ ) !m1 !y are exclud$4 ,9 ! ,we/1 if ! w$d+ does n take place 9 *ur*1 x w probably be held 9 ! home ( #gf ! bride2 9 ! ,ea/ x is always held 9 ! home ( ! groom4 ,!re ! bride's h\sehold prep>es ! fea/2 "h ! groom's prep>es x4 ,!re ! groom mu/ g to fet* 8 bride2 "h %e mu/ come to him4 ,x makes no diff]5ce :e!r %e lives 9 ! same city or 9 a di/ant prov9ce2 %e mu/ g to ! groom1 n he to h]4 ,! poor "m-9-law is evil spok5 ( 9 ! ,ea/ z well z 9 ! ,we/2 b :ile !re x is ! "m ( ! bride :o is said to make life mis]able = ! groom1 "h x is ! "m ( ! groom :o (t5 makes life mis]able = ! bride4 ,cu/oms 9 reg>d to ! use ( h\ses are q diff]5t4 ,9 ,am]ica ! front rooms ( a h\se are consid]$ mo/ desirable2 9 ,japan ! back rooms are pref]r$4 ,!re ! p>lors1 sitt+-rooms1 etc41 are 9 front1 & ! kit*5 & /ore-rooms are relegat$ to ! back2 "h ! kit*5 & /ore-rooms are 9 front1 & ! p>lors & sitt+-rooms beh9d4 ,!re ! front y>ds are kept clean1 b ! back y>ds are prov]bially dirty2 "h all sorts ( dirt & tra% may be ly+ ar\nd 9 ! front y>d1 :ile ! back y>d is a p]fect little g>d5 ( beauty4 ,signs made ) ! h&s are v diff]5t 9 ,japan f ^? to :i* my read]s are accu/om$1 & are mu* m graceful4 ,"h1 :5 we call "s "o to u by ! h&1 #gg in/ead ( ! awkw>d1 unga9ly motion ( ! index-f+] us$ 9 ! ,we/1 we simply hold out ! :ole h& horizontally 9 front ( u & g5tly move all ! f+]s up & d[n4 ,! latt] motion is v graceful1 :ile ev5 a pretty girl _c execute ! =m] "o gracefully4 ,"h1 :5 we refuse a reque/ or repel "o f u by a sign ( ! h&1 in/ead ( turn+ ! palm ( ! h& outw>d & pu%+ x f ! body 9 a r\gh1 uncivil mann]1 we m]ely hold ! h& p]p5dicul>ly be=e ! face1 palm outw>d1 & move x back & =? a few times4 ,japanese c>p5t]s saw by pull+ ! saw t[>d !m in/ead ( pu%+ x f !m2 ! planes cut 9 ! same way2 & screws are put 9 by turn+ !m to ! left in/ead ( ! "r4 ,ev5 9 ! nurs]y we f9d cu/oms directly antipodal4 ,:ile ! ,am]ican nurse takes ! *ild up 9 h] arms1 ! ,japanese nurse takes x on h] back4 ,^! are "s ( ! cu/oms mo/ squ>ely oppos$ to our own4 ,! fir/ ?\ght ( my read]s :5 le>n+ ( !m w probably be1 h[ ridicul\s & inconv5i5t6 ,& yet !y are j z conv5i5t & s5sible z _! own1 & "s ( !m mu* m s4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! nature ( ?+s :y mo/ cu/oms %\ld be ei!r ?is way or t4 #gh ,! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s ab\t =eign peoples are ^? connect$ ) _! daily lives--_! homes1 food1 & dress4 ,let u exam9e a ,japanese h\se1 take a meal ) its occupants1 & !n obs]ve _! mann] ( dress4 ,! h\ses are usually v light /ructures1 built ( wood1 "o or two /ories high4 ,!y resemble an ,am]ican h\se b little4 ,! ro(s are made ( tiles1 /raw1 or %+les4 ,tiles make a pretty & durable ro(1 b !y co/ mu* m ?an /raw1 & h5ce ! common p g5]ally use ! latt]4 ,! skilful ,japanese workman c make a v pretty1 la/+1 & effective ro( ( /raw4 ,! h\ses ( ! ri* are l>ge & h _m nice rooms 9 !m2 ^? ( ! poor are small1 ) only "o or two rooms4 ,h\ses are s con/ruct$ z to p]mit ! air to pass ?r\gh !m freely4 ,! rooms are sep>at$ only by light1 deta*able p>titions made ( pap]1 & ^! are frequ5tly tak5 away & ! :ole h\se ?r[n into "o room4 ,_m ( ! out] walls are also deta*able1 & on a w>m summ] day are put aside1 :5 a delightful breeze con/antly passes ?r\gh ! h\se4 ,! floors are cov]$ ) ?ick1 s(t /raw mats1 :i* are kept s clean t ! p1 ev5 :5 dress$ 9 _! be/ clo!s1 sit or loll on !m4 ,on ent]+ a ,japanese h\se y mu/ leave y\r %oes at ! door1 j z y #gi d y\r hat4 ,x w\ld be an unp>donable (f5se to come inside & tread on ! mats ) y\r %oes on4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,kit*5 ,sc5e4 ,! av]age ,japanese eats1 sleeps1 & lives 9 ! same room4 ,he has no *airs1 no b$/eads1 & no tables to get 9 8 way4 ,dur+ ! day he sits on ! s(t /raw mats2 :5 ev5+ comes two l>ge com=tables are br\ght1 & "o is spread on ! floor to lie on1 :ile ! o!r is us$ = cov]+4 ,no %eets are us$1 & ! pill[ is a funny little block ( wood4 ,on ?is simple b$ ! man sleeps z s\ndly z we 9 our m elaborate ones4 ,9 ! morn+ ! b$ is roll$ up & pack$ away4 ,at meal-"t little tables1 f\r or six in*es high & ab\t sixte5 in*es squ>e1 are br\ght1 & "o is plac$ be=e ea* p]son4 ,! food is s]v$ 9 pretty little lacqu] or *9a b[ls1 & ea* "o's portion is plac$ on 8 own table4 ,! p eat ) *op/icks ab\t eight in*es long & "o f\r? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,^! answ] _! purpose well1 b are h>d to use until "o is accu/om$ to !m4 ,:5 ! meal is ov] all ^! ?+s are c>ri$ away to ! kit*51 & ! room is ready = any o!r use to :i* "o may desire to put x4 ,9 ?is way "o room is made to s]ve = all ! purposes ( a h\sehold4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s ?+ 9 a ,japanese room #hj is ! hiba*i--a little wood5 or *9a box ab\t "o foot squ>e4 ,?is is kept half full ( a%es1 & on top ( ! a%es is a h&ful ( burn+ *>coal4 ,on ?is usually sits a little tea-kettle1 fill$ ) boil+ wat] us$ 9 mak+ ! tea1 :i* is drunk )\t milk or sug> at e h\r ( ! day4 ,:5 "o fir/ ent]s a ,japanese h\se1 polit5ess requires t ! ho/ or ho/ess imm$iately (f] ! gue/ a small cup ( ?is tea4 ,!re is no o!r provision ?an ?is hiba*i = heat+ a room2 &1 z "o w\ld imag9e1 x gives out b little heat ,japanese h\ses are v cold 9 w9t]4 ,!y w\ld n at all answ] 9 a cold climate1 & ev5 "h ! p suff] f ! cold4 ,japanese food is unpalatable to mo/ =eign]s1 & ! eat+ ( x is an art :i* mu/ be acquir$ gradually4 ,aft] repeat$ exp]im5ts we le>n to l x1 & c live on x fairly well2 b mo/ =eign resid5ts usually take m or less ,european food ) !m e "t !y g into ! int]ior4 ,f ( old ,buddhism =bade ! eat+ ( any?+ t _h animal life1 & h5ce x came ab\t t ! ,japanese are probably z veget>ian 9 _! diet z any p on e>?4 ,ev5 su* animal food z butt] & milk is n us$4 ,butt] is v unpalatable to !m1 b _m are beg9n+ to use a little milk4 ,bread1 s necess>y #ha to a ,we/]n table1 =ms no "p ( a ,japanese bill ( f>e4 ,! /aple "h is rice1 n boil$ & ma%$ to pieces1 ) milk & butt]1 b simply boil$ 9 wat] suffici5tly to cook x well )\t break+ ! gra9s4 ,:5 x is cook$ ea* gra9 rema9s intact1 & x is sn[y :ite & p]fectly dry4 ,no salt or season+ ( any k9d is put into x1 z x is ?\ght to spoil ! flavor4 ,! riv]s1 lakes1 & seas ( ,japan are teem+ ) spl5did fi%1 :i* =m an important "p ( ! native diet4 ,x seems t ,buddhism1 :ile =bidd+ ! use ( meats g5]ally1 p]mitt$ ! eat+ ( fi%4 ,c]ta9 k9ds ( fi%1 cut into ?9 slices & eat5 raw ) a k9d ( sauce1 are consid]$ a great delicacy4 ,! idea ( eat+ raw fi% seems v repugnant1 b _m ( my read]s w\ld eat x )\t realiz+ :at x is unless !y 7 told4 ,i (t5 eat x4 ,b only a few ( ! fi% consum$ are eat5 raw2 mo/ are boil$ or fri$4 ,=eign vegetables are r>e1 & are n mu* lik$ by ! natives4 ,b !re is an abundance ( native vegetables4 ,! mo/ common "o is a l>ge1 co>se radi% call$ daikon1 :i* is pickl$1 & eat5 at ne>ly e meal4 ,?is daikon is v *eap1 & is a *ief "p ( ! diet ( t small portion ( ! population t _c af=d rice4 ,sweet potatoes are abundant & *eap4 #hb ,!y are consid]$ ! poor man's food1 & ! well-to-d p are a%am$ to eat !m4 ,(t5 at hotels1 :5 ,i h ask$ = sweet potatoes1 ! s]vant has repli$ 9 a/oni%m5t1 ,:y1 d y eat sweet potatoes8 ,!y are = coolies4 ,a m\nta9-potato & ! roots ( ! lotus & bamboo are also eat54 ,s9ce ! c\ntry has be5 op5$ to =eign trade & =eign]s h settl$ "h x is possible to get meats & fl\r & "s =eign vegetables at mo/ places4 ,japanese clo?+ is frequ5tly conspicu\s by its abs5ce4 ,_m ( ! p d n realize ! necessity ( burd5+ !mselves ) clo?+ on a hot summ] day1 & we> v little4 ,! gov]nm5t has be5 con/ra9$ to make laws aga9/ nudity1 b ^! are en=c$ only 9 ! cities4 ,! usual summ] g>m5t ( _m ( ! *ildr5 9 my city is simply ! d>k-br[n "o giv5 !m by nature4 ,mo/ ( ! coolies we> no?+ b a little lo9-clo? :5 at "w4 ,! real native co/ume is bo? pretty & becom+4 ,x consi/s usually ( a s+le robe rea*+ f ! %\ld]s to ! ankles1 & ti$ r\nd ! wai/ ) a heavy girdle4 ,tight-fitt+ und]g>m5ts1 9 =eign /yle1 are sometimes worn n[1 b !y =m no "p ( ! orig9al native co/ume4 ,a black out] g>m5t1 #hc rea*+ only to ! knees1 is plac$ ov] ! ord9>y robe on /ate occasions4 ,=m]ly ! ,japanese did n we> hats1 & ev5 n[ half ( ! m5 "o meets on ! /reet are b>ehead$4 ,! wom5 we> nei!r hats nor bonnets4 ,x is n consid]$ improp] to g b>efoot$ 9 ,japan1 b g5]ally ! bett] classes are %od :5 !y g out ( doors4 ,if any?+ resembl+ a /ock+ is worn1 x is :at !y call tabi1 a sort ( foot-glove1 made ( ei!r :ite or black clo?1 ) a sep>ate inclosure = ! great toe4 ,a block ( wood call$ geta corresponds to our %oes4 ,x has two cords atta*$ to ! same place 9 front1 & !n divid+1 "o be+ fa/5$ on ea* side at ! back4 ,^! cords slip 9 betwe5 ! great toe & ! o!rs1 &1 pass+ ov] ! foot1 secure ! geta4 ,japanese ba?+ cu/oms are peculi>4 ,p]haps !re are no o!r p on e>? t ba! z (t5 z !y4 ,x is cu/om>y = e "o1 ev5 ! coolies1 to ba! well ! :ole body e day4 ,! ba?s are tak5 v hot--ab\t #aaj;,f4 ,ea* private h\se has a l>ge ba?-tub1 :i* 9 _m in/ances is capaci\s en\gh to accommodate ! :ole family at once4 ,besides ^! private ba?s ea* city & t[n has its public ones1 :]e a good hot ba?1 9 a place l>ge en\gh = y to swim r\nd1 c be _h = "o c5t4 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5 g into #hd !m at ! same "t1 indiscrim9ately4 ,japan is a l& ( hot spr+s1 s t almo/ e di/rict has its natural hot ba?s4 ,mo/ ( !m h m$ic9al value1 & ! p flock to !m by ?\s&s4 ,! fun]al cu/oms are v diff]5t f ours4 ,x is a /range feature ( ! native "* t :5 "o is deeply mov$ he is v likely to cov] up 8 emotion ) a laugh4 ,if a man ann\nces to y ! dea? ( 8 *ild1 he w probably laugh z he does s4 ,at fun]als !re is n t solemn sil5ce :i* we expect1 b frequ5tly l\d talk+ & laught]4 ,! c(f9 is a squ>e1 upright box ) consid]able ornam5tation4 ,! corpse is plac$ 9 x 9 a sitt+ po/ure4 ,9 ,japan are f\nd ! hir$ m\rn]s ( :om we read 9 ! ,bible4 ,anci5tly !y 7 employ$ to foll[ ! corpse1 m\rn+ 9 a l\d voice2 b t has become obsolete1 & n[ !y simply foll[ 9 ! procession1 we>+ ! :ite g>m5ts4 ,! usual mann] ( dispos+ ( dead bodies is by int]m5t1 b cremation is rapidly gr[+ 9 favor4 ,! gov]nm5t w n p]mit a body to be buri$ until x has be5 dead tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,= sev]al weeks aft] a body has be5 int]r$ x is cu/om>y = ! memb]s ( ! b]eav$ family to make daily visits to ! tomb & pres5t (f]+s to ! dep>t$ _s 9 ! temple4 #he ,ea* ye>1 on ! anniv]s>y ( ! dea?1 ! *ildr5 are expect$ to visit ! tomb & wor%ip ! _s ( ! dep>t$4 ,?is cu/om ( ance/or-wor%ip is =bidd5 by ,*ri/ianity1 & h5ce ! p *>ge u ) tea*+ disrespect to p>5ts & ance/ors4 ,illu/ration3 ,h>a-kiri4 ,a cu/om peculi> to ,japan is a =m ( suicide kn[n z h>a-kiri1 or belly-cutt+4 ,f "t immemorial1 to take "o's own life 9 ?is mann] has be5 consid]$ v honorable & has expiat$ all crimes & (f5ses4 ,9 old5 times1 if ! life ( any "o ( noble blood became hurtful to ! /ate1 he 0 simply s5t a c]ta9 k9d ( %ort sword4 ,?is meant t he 0 to take 8 own life by ! favorite national me?od4 ,s ! recipi5t quietly ate 8 la/ meal1 bade 8 family f>ewell1 &1 seat+ himself squ>ely on ! mat1 delib]ately ?ru/ ! sword into ! left side ( 8 abdom51 & drew x across to ! "r side4 ,z ?is cut does n kill imm$iately1 a reta9]1 f beh9d1 plac$ !re = t purpose1 /ruck (f 8 ma/]'s head ) "o bl[ ( a heavy sword4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! law ?is dea? aton$ = all s9s & (f5ses2 h5ce x 0 (t5 practis$ 9 old ,japan4 ,x is almo/ obsolete n[4 ,! ,japanese are an exce$+ly polite p4 ,!y h be5 call$ ! ,fr5*m5 ( ! ,ori5t 9 recognition ( ?is national *>act]i/ic4 ,polit5ess is exalt$ above ev]y?+1 above #hf ev5 tru? & honor4 ,if y ask an ord9>y ,japanese :i* is bett]1 to tell a falsehood or be impolite1 he w at once reply1 ,to tell a falsehood4 ,b :ile ! p are exce$+ly polite1 a l>ge "p ( ?is polit5ess is m]ely surface1 )\t any mean+4 ,etiquette requires t y always address & treat y\r equals z ?\gh !y 7 y\r sup]iors4 ,!re is a sep>ate =m ( address = ea* /ep 9 ! social scale4 ,i h se5 ,japanese m5 /& at a door = five m9utes1 & blu%1 & beg ea* o!r to pass ?r\gh fir/1 ea* hesitat+ to prec$e ! o!r4 ,a ,japanese g5tleman nev] /ops to conv]se ) a fri5d1 be he only a *ild1 )\t tak+ (f 8 hat4 ,to look d[n ^u "o f a sup]ior elevation is consid]$ v impolite4 ,?us if ! emp]or or any "o ( especial di/9ction passes ?r\gh a city1 all ! upp] /ories ( ! h\ses mu/ be vacat$4 ,"u no circum/ances are any p]mitt$ to obs]ve ! procession f an upp] w9d[4 ,i 0 out walk+ "o day 9 our good city ( ,saga ) a =eign fri5d :o 0 lead+ 8 little boy by ! h&4 ,x happ5$ t a c\ntess 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! city4 ,! policem5 _h cle>$ ! /reet = ! procession1 & a l>ge cr[d 0 /&+ at ! corn]4 ,we jo9$ ?is cr[d4 ,! little boy c\ld n see1 s 8 fa!r held him up t #hg he might look ov] ! p's heads4 ,at once ! police =bade x & made him put ! *ild d[n4 ,9 _m in/ances =ms ( polit5ess are c>ri$ to a ridicul\s extreme4 ,:5 y give a pres5t1 no matt] h[ nice1 y mu/ apologize by say+ t x is s *eap & insignificant t y are a%am$ to lift x up to ! honorable p]son1 b if he w condesc5d to accept x he w make y v happy4 ,if y receive a pres5t y mu/ elevate x t[>d ! top ( ! head 7z t is consid]$ ! mo/ honorable "p ( ! body7 & at ! same "t say t x is ! mo/ beautiful ?+ on e>?4 ,:5 y are invit$ to a d9n] ! invitation w c>efully /ate t no special prep>ation w be made = ! occasion4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! meal ! ho/ess w apologize = presum+ to set be=e y su* mean1 dirty food1 & w decl>e t %e has no?+ :atev] = y to eat1 al?\gh %e w d\btless h a fea/ fit = a k+4 ,ev5 if x %\ld n be good1 y mu/ say t x is & praise x extravagantly4 ,! greet+s betwe5 fri5ds are sometimes "r funny4 ,i h (t5 ov]he>d su* conv]sations z ! foll[+4 ,two m5 meet 9 ! /reet1 &1 tak+ (f _! hats1 b[ v l[1 & beg9 z foll[s3 ,a4 ,i h n _h ! pleasure ( #hh hang+ myself 9 y\r honorable eyes = a long "t4 ,b4 ,i 0 exce$+ly rude ! la/ "t ,i saw y4 ,a4 ,no2 x 0 surely ,i :o 0 rude4 ,please excuse me4 ,b4 ,h[ is y\r augu/ heal?8 ,a4 ,v good1 ?anks to y\r k9d assi/ance4 ,b4 ,is ! augu/ lady1 y\r honorable wife1 well8 ,a4 ,yes1 ?ank y2 ! lazy old woman is q well4 ,b4 ,& h[ are y\r pr9cely *ildr58 ,a4 ,a ?\s& ?anks = y\r k9d int]e/4 ,! noisy1 dirty little brats are well too4 ,b4 ,i am n[ liv+ on a little back /reet1 & my h\se is awfully small & dirty2 b if y c endure x1 please honor me by a visit4 ,a4 ,i am ov]come ) ?anks1 & w e>ly asc5d to y\r honorable resid5ce1 & impose my un9t]e/+ self ^u y\r hospitality4 ,b4 ,i w n[ be v impolite & leave y4 ,a4 ,if t is s1 excuse me4 ,sayon>a4 #hi ,v ,,japanese ,,civilization ,! "q is (t5 ask$1 ,are ! ,japanese a civiliz$ p8 ,! answ] w entirely dep5d ^u our def9ition ( civilization4 ,if civilization consi/s 9 a highly organiz$ comm]cial & indu/rial life1 9 ! con/ruction & use ( huge1 t[]+ piles ( manufactories & comm]cial h\ses1 su* z are se5 9 ,new ,york & ,*icago1 9 amass+ enorm\s capital1 controll+ ! trade ( ! c\ntry by monopolies1 & do+ ! "w ( ! _w by ma*9]y t moves ) ! precision ( clockwork1 !n ,japan is n yet civiliz$4 ,b if civilization consi/s 9 a c\rte\s1 ref9$ mann]1 9 a calm enjoym5t ( lit]ature & ! arts1 9 an ability to live easily & com=tably ) a due reg>d to all ! am5ities ( life1 !n ! ,japanese are a civiliz$ p4 ,a v brilliant writ] on ,japanese subjects#a #ij has said t ! ,japanese h be5 a civiliz$ p = at lea/ a ?\s& ye>s4 ,*9ese civilization 0 br\ght to ,japan e>ly 9 ! ,*ri/ian era1 & fl\ri%$ = m ?an fifte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,:ile x diff]s mu* f ,european civilization1 x is a highly organiz$ & develop$ sy/em1 v5]able ) age4 ,:5 p ( ! ,we/ speak ( civiliz$ c\ntries !y are apt to ?9k ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 to ! exclusion ( all ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,?is is unfair4 ,*9ese civilization is mu* old] ?an our own4 ,long be=e ! d>k ages ( ,europe ! ,*9ese 7 liv+ "u a regul> sy/em ( laws & 7 engag$ 9 all peaceful pursuits4 ,sy/ematic me?ods ( agriculture1 ! art ( pr9t+1 gunp[d]1 & ! m>9]s' compass 7 all kn[n & us$4 ,:ile our own =efa!rs 9 nor!rn ,europe roam$ ! =e/s z wild m5 & dress$ 9 sk9s1 ! ,*9ese 7 liv+ quietly 9 cities & t[ns1 dress$ 9 silks4 ,?is v5]able ,*9ese civilization 0 readily adopt$ 9 ,japan1 & prevail$ d[n to ! "t ( ! ,re/oration1 9 #ahfh4 ,s9ce t "t ! adoption & assimilation ( ,we/]n civilization h be5 progress+ ) a rapidity & success :i* h no prec$5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! old immobile1 cry/alliz$ ,*9ese civilization has be5 ?r[n (f1 & ! vigor\s1 ela/ic =ms ( ! ,we/ h be5 successfully #ia adopt$4 ,japanese civilization ( to-day is ,european1 only ) a national color+4 #a ,lafcadio ,he>n4 ,on ! advice ( an ,am]ican mission>y1#b :o 0 !n presid5t ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 & :o arrang$ ! program = ! exp$ition1 9 #ahgb a committee ( sev5ty intellig5t ,japanese g5tlem51 _m ( !m f ! noble families1 0 s5t to ! ,we/ to visit ! capitals ( ! sev]al c\ntries1 exam9e into _! =ms ( gov]nm5t & civilization1 &1 ( all t !y f\nd1 to *oose & br+ back ) !m :at 0 be/ adapt$ to ,japan4 ,?is committee1 aft] visit+ ,wa%+ton1 ,london1 ,b]l91 & o!r places1 & c>efully exam9+ into _! diff]5t in/itutions1 return$ & report$ to ! gov]nm5t4 ,f ?is "t began ! rapid adoption ( ,we/]n civilization1 :i* is /ill 9 progress4 #b ,dr4 ,v]beck4 ,=eign employees h play$ an important "p 9 ?is peaceful revolution4 ,at fir/ ne>ly ev]y?+ t 0 adopt$ 0 "u =eign sup]9t5d5ce2 b ! ,japanese are su* apt le>n]s t !y are n[ capable ( manag+ ?is new civilization = !mselves1 & ! =eign employees h be5 mo/ly disp5s$ )4 ,) ?is brief hi/ory ( ,japanese progress be=e u1 let u n[ exam9e into ! pres5t condition ( ,japanese civilization4 #ib ,"o ( ! be/ indicators ( ! civilization ( a c\ntry is its lit]ature4 ,no writ]s ( _w-wide fame h aris5 9 ,japan1 yet ! c\ntry has a lit]ature ( :i* %e is n a%am$4 ,9 anci5t times ! ,*9ese classics 7 alone /udi$1 & all lit]ature 0 mold$ by ,confucian ideas2 to-day ^! models h be5 ca/ aside1 & a s*ool ( "y1 indep5d5t writ]s has aris51 by :om hi/ory1 political & moral sci5ce1 botany1 sociology1 belles-lettres1 & num]\s o!r subjects are discuss$ ) vigor & orig9ality4 ,9 ! numb] ( newspap]s & magaz9es publi%$ ,japan c comp>e favorably ) any c\ntry ( equal size4 ,! great dailies h n yet gr[n to su* importance z ^? ( ,am]ica or ,engl&1 b !y already wield a mighty influ5ce4 ,ne>ly e small t[n has its morn+ & its ev5+ %eet4 ,ev5 9 our backw>d old t[n ( ,saga we h two v good dailies4 ,!re are a l>ge numb] ( able magaz9es publi%$4 ,ne>ly e bran* ( le>n+ has a magaz9e devot$ exclusively to its int]e/s1 z is frequ5tly ! case 9 ! ,we/4 ,! v exi/5ce ( ?is innum]able multitude ( newspap]s & magaz9es %[s t ! ,japanese are great read]s4 ,! educational sy/em 9 vogue is a good index ( a nation's civilization4 ,p]haps no #ic nation ( ! ,we/ has a bett] organiz$ & develop$ free-s*ool sy/em ?an has ,japan4 ,s*ools are f\nd 9 e village & hamlet1 & z all *ildr5 ( a prescrib$ age are requir$ to att5d1 !y are full to ov]fl[+4 ,! little r\nd-fac$1 sleek-head$ ,japanese *ildr5 sw>m r\nd !m l bees4 ,!re are f\r grades ( s*ools3 ! prim>y l[]1 ! advanc$ l[]1 ! l[] middle1 & ! high] middle4 ,! l[] s*ools are f\nd ev]y:]e2 ! high] ones only 9 ! l>ge t[ns & cities4 ,( ! high] middle s*ools 7:i* correspond to our ,am]ican colleges ( middle grade7 !re are sev51 di/ribut$ at v>i\s po9ts ov] ! empire4 ,at ! head ( ?is :ole sy/em /&s ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity 9 ,tokyo1 :i* is itself ! outgr[? ( sev]al colleges1 & is l>gely model$ aft] ! ,g]man univ]sities4 ,! l[] s*ools are model$ aft] our ,am]ican s*ools4 ,un=tunately1 s l>ge a "p ( ! "t ( ! s*ool-*ildr5 mu/ be sp5t 9 /udy+ ,*9ese *>act]s t x takes ab\t eight ye>s to le>n to read4 ,:at a pity t ! awkw>d1 antiquat$ sy/em ( ,*9ese writ+ is n ab&on$6 ,x seems t ! native kana1 ( :i* !re are ab\t =ty-eight1 ) a few ( ! m common ,*9ese *>act]s1 w\ld answ] all purposes2 !n ! long ye>s sp5t 9 /udy+ ,*9ese c\ld be devot$ to o!r ?+s1 to #id ! imm5se advantage ( ! /ud5t4 ,9 ! l[] s*ools v little is /udi$ except ,*9ese4 ,9 ! middle s*ools ! bran*es /udi$ are j ab\t :at ,am]ican y\?s /udy 9 ! academies4 ,=m]ly consid]able /ress 0 laid ^u ! /udy ( mod]n languages1 & all /ud5ts ( ! middle s*ools 7 requir$ to /udy ,engli% & ei!r ,fr5* or ,g]man4 ,b 9 rec5t ye>s only ,engli% has be5 requir$1 & x1 ev51 is n /udi$ s c>efully z x 04 ,s9ce ! revision ( ! treaties ! /udy ( =eign languages seems to be on ! increase4 ,! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity comp>es v favorably ) ,we/]n univ]sities ( ! middle class4 ,x has six faculties1 namely1 law1 m$ic9e1 lit]ature1 sci5ce1 eng9e]+1 & agriculture4 ,! m$ical dep>tm5t is "u ,g]man influ5ce2 ! o!rs h pr(essors ( v>i\s nationalities1 mo/ly ,engli%1 ,g]man1 & ,japanese4 ,! /ud5ts numb] ov] #ajjj4 ,! gov]nm5t has rec5tly und]tak5 ! e/abli%m5t ( ano!r univ]sity 9 ,kyoto4 ,x also supports two high] normal s*ools1 a high] comm]cial s*ool1 naval & milit>y academies1 f9e-arts s*ool1 te*nical s*ool1 ! nobles' s*ool1 ! musical academy1 & ! bl9d & dumb s*ool4 ,pr(essor ,*amb]la91 ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 says ! lead+ idea ( ! ,japanese gov]nm5t #ie 9 all its educational improvem5ts is ! desire to assimilate ! national ways ( ?9k+ to ^? ( ,european c\ntries4 ,9 view ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 ?is is an enorm\s task2 & great cr$it is due t brave body ( educators :o1 fight+ aga9/ fe>ful odds1 are gradually accompli%+ _! purpose4 ,! ,japanese are a nation ( arti/s4 ,life 9 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful c\ntries 9 ! _w has1 to a r>e degree1 develop$ 9 !m ! love ( ! beautiful2 & ?is has express$ itself 9 ! v>i\s phases ( national art4 ,9 g5]al1 ,japanese art is pretty1 b small1 isolat$1 & lack+ 9 bread? ( view4 ,its *ief use 9 =m] times 0 l>gely decorative1 to pa9t a scre5 or a piece ( porcela91 & ! arti/s did ?is to p]fection4 ,z a nation ! ,japanese are v skilful ) ! p5cil4 ,long writ+ ( ,*9ese *>act]s has giv5 !m a control ( ! p5cil or crayon n commonly f\nd among ! p ( ! ,we/4 ,draw+ is taught 9 ! s*ools1 & e s*ool-boy c draw pretty pictures4 ,b 9 art1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 ! ,japanese are frequ5tly inconsi/5t1 & %[ a haughty disreg>d ( details4 ,!y excel 9 portray+ nature4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,japan is progressive & enlight5$4 ,9 reality x is an absolute mon>*y1 rul$ by ! heav5-desc5d$ mikado4 #if ,! empire belongs to him by div9e "r1 & none has ev] disput$ ?is4 ,unque/ion+1 implicit ob$i5ce is ! duty ( all subjects4 ,b ! pres5t emp]or1 :o is a lib]al-m9d$ mon>*1 has graci\sly giv5 8 p a voice 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 #ahhi ! con/itution 0 promulgat$1 :i* laid ! f\ndation = a new ord] ( ?+s4 ,x e/abli%$ ! ,diet1 consi/+ ( two h\ses1 & gave _m rights to ! p1 includ+ local self-gov]nm5t1 )9 c]ta9 limits4 ,! fran*ise is s limit$ 9 ,japan t a man mu/ annually pay a /ipulat$ am\nt ( tax be=e he c ei!r vote or run = (fice4 ,japanese laws h = ye>s be5 gradually approa*+ ,we/]n /&>ds4 ,! transition has be5 difficult & necess>ily sl[1 b praise-wor?y progress has be5 made4 ,a code some:at resembl+ ! ,code ,napoleon is n[ ! law ( ! l&1 & is be+ appli$ 9 ! c\rts z fa/ z circum/ances w p]mit4 ,p com+ f ,europe or ,am]ica w f9d t1 9 ! ma91 ! laws are n v diff]5t f ^? !y h be5 accu/om$ to4 ,ne>ly all ! mat]ial expressions ( an advanc$ civilization f\nd at home are likewise met ) 9 ,japan--good railways1 /eamboats1 telegraphs1 mails1 electric lights1 etc4 ,x is (t5 a surprise to ! travel] f ! ,we/ :o has #ig read little ab\t ! c\ntry1 & :o expects only ! rude/ =m ( civilization1 to f9d in/ead ne>ly all ! conv5i5ces to :i* he has be5 accu/om$4 ,,railways4--,japanese railways are n>r[ gauge1 & :ile 9 rec5t ye>s ! "q ( *ang+ !m to /&>d gauge has be5 agitat$1 no?+ def9ite has be5 done4 ,! n>r[-gauge sy/em seems fairly adequate to ! pres5t dem&4 ,! railways are model$ aft] ^? ( ,engl&1 & are m9iature z comp>$ ) ^? ?und]+ mon/]s t make ! ,am]ican valleys tremble ) _! tread4 ,! coa*es are mu* small] ?an ! ,am]ican & are diff]5tly arrang$1 op5+ on ! side in/ead ( ! end1 passage f "o coa* to ano!r be+ preclud$4 ,!re is no conductor to come ar\nd & di/urb "o ) ! cont9ual cry ( ,tickets6 ,! pun*1 pun*1 pun*1 s annoy+ to s5sitive p1 is n he>d4 ,z ! pass5g] leaves ! /ation to ent] ! tra9 8 ticket is exam9$1 & ?is ends ! matt] until he rea*es 8 de/9ation1 :5 he mu/ pass out ?r\gh ! /ation1 :]e 8 ticket is tak5 by a polite (ficial4 ,"o ( ! ?+s t h mo/ impress$ me ab\t ! railroad s]vice is ! k9dness & polit5ess ( ! (ficials1 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! gruffness & incivility "o (t5 enc\nt]s 9 ,am]ica4 #ih ,! av]age ,japanese tra9 has ?ree classes ( coa*es4 ,! fir/ class corresponds to ! ord9>y fir/-class day-coa* at home2 second class corresponds to our smok+-c>s2 :ile ?ird class is poor] /ill4 ,! f>es are j ab\t "o half :at !y are 9 ,am]ica1 & "o c travel 9 fir/-class /yle = a c5t & a half p] mile4 ,?ird-class f>e is only a little ov] half a c5t1 & mo/ ( ! p travel 9 ?is class4 ,! tra9s d n h ! conv5i5ces to :i* my read]s are accu/om$4 ,!re are no sleep+- & d9+-c>s1 no provision = heat+ 9 w9t]1 & no wat]4 ,! av]age runn+ spe$ is ab\t #bj miles p] h\r--a rate :i* w\ld n at all suffice = ! high-t5sion$1 n]v\s1 always-9-a-hurry civilization ( ! ,we/1 b :i* meets all ! dem&s ( ! sl[]1 quiet] life ( ! ,ea/4 ,runn+ at ?is rate1 accid5ts are comp>atively r>e1 & ! tra9s easily make _! s*$ul$ "t4 ,!re is "o ma9 trunk-l9e runn+ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! l&1 besides num]\s %ort] l9es4 ,all ( ! m prom95t t[ns & cities are connect$ by rail4 ,at pres5t a railroad-con/ruction craze has seiz$ ,japan4 ,_m are be+ con/ruct$1 o!rs are be+ survey$1 & ! pap]s daily conta9 acc\nts ( new ones project$4 ,s f>1 ,japanese railway /ocks h yield$ good divid5ds4 ,t ! #ii m important l9es are own$ & op]at$ by ! gov]nm5t is n ! result ( any political or economic !ory1 b simply because at fir/ private individuals _h nei!r ! means nor ! en]gy to inaugurate su* huge & hi!rto untri$ ent]prises4 ,_m ( ! small] roads are n[ own$ & controll$ by private corporations1 & mo/ ( ^? 9 process ( con/ruction are private ent]prises4 ,"s mon?s ago a private corporation made a proposition to ! gov]nm5t to buy its ma9 railway1 b ! (f] 0 reject$4 ,,/eam]s4--,/eamboat s]vice 9 ,japan is good4 ,z ! c\ntry is only a range ( isl&s1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* are v n>r[1 & z all ! m important t[ns are on ! sea-coa/ or only a %ort di/ance inl&1 x is possible to g ne>ly ev]y:]e by boat4 ,travel by wat] is v popul>4 ,!re are fairly good /eam]s ply+ daily betwe5 ! mo/ important ports1 b =eign]s g5]ally pref] to travel only on ^? (fic]$ by ,europeans or ,am]icans4 ,!re are a numb] ( native /eam]s1 com=table & spe$y1 :i* are (fic]$ by =eign]s1 & diff] b little f ! transpacific l9]s4 ,^! 7 ne>ly all built 9 ,engl&1 b 9 rec5t ye>s !y are build+ v good ones 9 ,japan4 ,! facilities = travel 9 ?is empire leave little to be desir$4 ,,telegraphs4--,! ,japanese telegraph #ajj sy/em is excell5t4 ,x ext5ds to all t[ns ( any size 9 ! empire1 & by cable to all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,f ! old city ( ,saga1 9 :i* ,i live1 ,i c s5d a cablegram to any po9t 9 ,europe or ,am]ica4 ,a telegraph code on ! basis ( ! ,morse code has be5 made 9 ,japan1 :i* admits ( int]nal telegrams be+ transmitt$ 9 ! native syllab>y4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,japanese sy/em is unique among ,ea/]n c\ntries4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,india or ,*9a telegrams c be transmitt$ only 9 ,roman lett]s or ,arabic figures4 ,by ! =mation ( a v]nacul> code ! telegraph 0 br\ght )9 ! rea* ( ! masses ( ! p1 & x soon became famili> & popul>4 ,! t>iff = messages is p]haps l[] ?an any o!r 9 ! _w4 ,a message ( t5 kana1 equal+ ab\t five ,engli% words1 toge!r ) "n & address ( s5d] & receiv]1 c be s5t to any "p ( ! empire = eight or n9e c5ts4 ,telegrams 9 =eign languages are s5t )9 ! empire = five s5 p] ^w1 ) a m9imum *>ge ( tw5ty-five s5 = five words or a fraction !re(4 ,no *>ge is made = deliv]y )9 a radius ( #b- miles ( ! telegraph (fice4 ,!re are no private telegraph corporations4 ,! gov]nm5t builds1 owns1 & op]ates ! l9es j z x does ! mails4 ,! po/al & #aja telegraph sy/ems are intimately connect$1 & ! same (fice does s]vice = bo?4 ,! fir/ telegraph l9e 9 ,japan 0 op5$ 9 #ahfi4 ,! v5ture prov+ a success1 ! foll[+ ye> ! l9e 0 ext5d$ & a g5]al telegraphic sy/em = ! :ole c\ntry decid$ ^u4 ,! rapid con/ruction ( telegraph l9es began 9 #ahgb1 f :i* ye> x has gone =w>d un9t]rupt$ly4 ,at pres5t ! l9es ext5d to e corn] ( ! empire4 ,! fir/ l9es 7 survey$1 built1 & op]at$ "u =eign exp]ts2 b ! natives h le>n$ s rapidly t !y h be5 enabl$ to d away ) all =eign employees4 ,all ( ! mat]ials & in/rum5ts 9 use1 ) ! exception ( subm>9e cables & ! mo/ delicate electrical measur+ app>atus1 are made 9 ,japan4 ,,mails4--,! ,japanese mail sy/em 0 model$ aft] ! ,am]ican 9 #ahga4 ,at fir/ x 0 limit$ to po/al s]vice betwe5 ! ?ree l>ge cities ( ,tokyo1 ,kyoto1 & ,osaka2 b 9 #ahgb x 0 ext5d$ to ! :ole c\ntry1 ) ! exception ( a c]ta9 "p ( ! ,hokkaido1 :i* 0 )\t roads & almo/ )\t population4 ,to-day !re is no village or hamlet 9 ! :ole l& :i* does n enjoy ! conv5i5ce ( a good po/al sy/em4 ,! mails are s5t ) promptness & despat*1 & x requires only a few days to communicate ) any "p ( ! #ajb empire4 ,! po/al rates are v l[4 ,po/al c>ds co/ "o s5 & lett]s two s5--ab\t five eigh?s & "o & two eigh?s ( a c5t1 respectively4 ,all mail is deliv]$ free ( *>ge4 ,n only is ?is s 9 ! cities & l>g] t[ns1 b 9 ! villages & rural di/ricts z well4 ,!re is no place :]e ! dapp] little po/man does n g4 ,ano!r conv5i5ce ( ! mail sy/em is its excell5t p>cel-po/ dep>tm5t4 ,v l>ge p>cels1 conta9+ almo/ any?+1 c be s5t = a small *>ge4 ,/ill ano!r praisewor?y feature is t ea* (fice is a sav+s-bank1 :]e ! p c deposit small sums ( money at any "t & receive a good rate ( int]e/4 ,?is money c be )drawn )\t previ\s notice4 ,! gov]nm5t has e/abli%$ ^! sav+s-banks 9 connection ) ! po/-(fices to enc\rage ! p to lay up small sums ( money1 & !y accompli% _! purpose well4 ,japan 0 admitt$ into ! ,int]national ,po/al ,union 9 #ahgi1 ) full managem5t ( all h] po/al affairs4 ,z all h] rates are n[ bas$ on a silv] /&>d1 po/age to =eign c\ntries is mu* *eap] ?an f !m to ,japan4 ,to ! ,unit$ ,/ates or to ,*9a we pay five s5 7ab\t two & a half c5ts7 p] lett]2 to all o!r c\ntries )9 ! ,po/al ,union t5 s5 p] lett]4 #ajc ,,lights4--,! sy/em ( light+ is an index ( ! civilization ( a c\ntry4 ,9 ?is respect ,japan is n yet s f> advanc$ z ! lead+ c\ntries ( ! ,we/1 yet %e is well light$4 ,9 all ! l>ge cities !re are good electric plants1 & electricity is ext5sively us$4 ,! /reets & _m ( ! be/ /ores & %ops are v well light$ ) x4 ,h[ev]1 electric lights are seldom f\nd 9 int]ior cities ( less ?an #dj1jjj p4 ,i ?9k electricity is too co/ly to come into g5]al use1 except 9 ! c5t]s4 ,illum9at+ gas is v little us$4 ,! only oil us$ 9 =m] times 0 extract$ f :ales & l>ge fi%1 & *iefly f ! se$ ( a c]ta9 tree4 ,s9ce ! op5+ ( ! c\ntry1 k]os5e has come into g5]al use1 imm5se quantities be+ import$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & f ,russia4 ,oil has be5 f\nd 9 sev]al places 9 ,japan1 b z yet has nev] be5 develop$4 ,,bank+4--,"o ( ! mo/ useful products ( ! introduction ( our mod]n civilization is ! pres5t sy/em ( bank+4 ,?is sy/em w comp>e favorably ) ^? ( ! ,we/4 ,!re are a numb] ( national banks di/ribut$ ov] all ! l&1 toge!r ) _m sub/antial private bank+ corporations4 ,all =ms ( bank+ bus9ess are transact$1 & good int]e/ is giv5 on deposits4 ,! great #ajd popul>ity ( ! banks is %[n by ! fact t to-day 9 ,tokyo1 only eight ye>s aft] bank-*ecks h come into use1 ! am\nt annually drawn exce$s #ajj1jjj1jjj4 ,hav+ tak5 ?is rapid view ( ,japanese civilization1 we are 9 a position to judge z to :e!r or n ?is is a civiliz$ l&2 & we answ] t x is4 ,b al?\gh model$ aft] t ( ! ,we/1 x 9 _m respects diff]s f ,we/]n civilization4 ,japan has %[n h]self capable ( do+ great ?+s1 b %e does n d !m 9 ! same way t !y are done 9 ,europe or ,am]ica4 ,= example1 consid] h] manufactories1 :i* n[ ?reat5 to compete ) ^? ( our own c\ntry4 ,9 ,am]ica manufactories mean enorm\s capital inve/$4 ,co/ly factories mu/ be erect$1 ! mo/ approv$ ma*9]y provid$1 & ! complet$ plant op]at$ at great exp5se4 ,"h almo/ no capital is us$4 ,! build+s are l[1 "o-/ory %$s1 n m co/ly ?an a r[ ( /ables at home4 ,x is true t ,japan has a few l>ge1 sub/antial build+s = manufactur+ purposes2 b su* are r>e1 &1 :5 f\nd1 look out ( h>mony ) _! surr\nd+s4 ,ev5 nature seems to prote/ aga9/ huge piles ( brick & /one1 z %e s frequ5tly demoli%es !m4 ,mo/ ( ! w>es ( ,japan are manufactur$ 9 small1 *eap build+s1 & little ma*9]y is us$4 ,! be/ silk #aje made is wov5 9 a h\se t co/ sc>cely #ejj4 ,! be/ cloisonne1 ( :i* only a small piece a few in*es high w co/ hundr$s ( doll>s1 is made 9 a little1 two-/ory h\se ) only six rooms4 ,"s ( ! greate/ porcela9-mak]s 9 ! _w1 ^: products are bett] kn[n 9 ,london & ,p>is ?an 9 _! own c\ntry1 d _! "w 9 small wood5 h\ses 9 ,kyoto1 no bett] ?an ! homes ( ! ,am]ican labor]4 ,! va/ rice crop is rais$ on millions ( t9y f>ms2 ! silk crop 9 millions ( small1 poor homes2 ! tea crop on c\ntless little pat*es ( soil4 ,japan has become indu/rial )\t becom+ ess5tially me*anical & artificial4#c ,on ?is small scale ! great "w ( ,japan is done4 ,japanese civilization1 9 its p>ts1 is m9iature4 #c ,lafcadio ,he>n4 ,:5 comp>$ ) ! civilization ( ! ,we/1 x is un/able2 9 fact /ability is almo/ unkn[n4 ,! l& itself is a l& ( *ange4 ,! outl9es ( ! coa/s1 ! c\rses ( ! riv]s1 ! =m ( ! m\nta9s1 by ! comb9$ action ( volcanoes1 e>?quakes1 w9ds1 & waves1 are con/antly *ang+4 ,! p !mselves are cont9ually drift+ ab\t f place to place1 *ang+ _! resid5ce ) ! seasons4 ,x has be5 said t no p 9 ! _w are s migratory4 #ajf ,prep>ation c be made 9 a few h\rs = ! longe/ j\rney1 & all ! necess>y baggage wrapp$ up 9 a h&k]*ief4 ,japanese life is 9 a con/ant /ate ( fluidity4 ,! av]age h\se1 likewise1 seems built b = a day4 ,! walls1 ! ro(1 ! floors1 are made ( ! lighte/ mat]ials1 & app>5tly !re is no ?\ght ( p]man5ce4 ,we ( ! ,we/ are wont to ?9k t no real progress c be made )\t /ability1 b ,japan has prov$ ! contr>y4 ,a uni=mly mobile race is1 correspond+ly1 uni=mly impressionable4 ,! fluid mass ( ! ,japanese p submits itself to ! h&s ( its rul]s z readily z ! clay to ! h&s ( ! pott]1 & ?us x moves ) sy/em & ord] t[>d great ends4 ,x is ?us t ,japanese civilization is /rong4 ,:5 comp>$ ) ,we/]n civilization1 t ( ,japan is se5 to be less organiz$ & develop$1 less ha/y & fev]i% 9 its movem5ts1 ,x does n impress "o s mu* ) its hug5ess & pond]osity4 ,x is light]1 bright]1 quiet]1 m soo?+4 ,x is ! civilization ( ! ,we/ robb$ ( its imm5sity & s]i\sness1 & reflect+ ! national *>act]i/ics ( ^! light-he>t$ sons ( ! ,ea/4 #ajg ,,vi ,,japanese ,,morality ,japanese morality has be5 mu* writt5 ab\t by m5 ( ! ,we/1 & _m dogmatic judgm5ts h be5 pron\nc$ ^u x4 ,at "o extreme1 we h be5 told t !y are ! mo/ immoral p on ! face ( ! e>?2 at ! o!r1 we are told t 9 morality !y h no?+ to le>n f ! p ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,!re is ab\t z mu*--or r z little--tru? 9 ! "o /atem5t z 9 ! o!r4 ,! fact is t x is necess>y to h an exp]im5tal acqua9tance ) ,japan be=e "o c really und]/& or appreciate ! moral condition ( h] p4 ,! moral ideas & tea*+s to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$ f *ildhood are s diff]5t f our own t !y c\ld n be expect$ to approximate to our /&>ds4 ,judg$ by ! ideas ( ! ,we/1 !y are lack+ 9 morality2 b f #ajh _! own /&po9t !y are a moral p4 ,:ile we _c accept !irs z ! true /&>d1 x is b fair t1 9 judg+ !m1 we keep ?is 9 view4 ,be=e ! introduction ( ,*9ese e?ics !re 0 no su* ?+ z a moral code4 ,! orig9al native religion1 ,%9to1 taught no doctr9es ( morality1 z we und]/& !m4 ,accord+ to x1 to obey implicitly ! mikado 0 ! :ole duty ( man4 ,z = ! re/1 if a ,japanese obey$ ! natural impulses ( 8 own he>t he w\ld be sure to d "r4 ,mod]n ,%9to writ]s1 9 all s]i\sness1 acc\nt = ?is abs5ce ( a moral code by /at+ t orig9ally ,japanese nature 0 pure1 clean1 & s9less1 possess+ no t5d5cy to evil or wrong4 ,b>b>ians1 l ! ,*9ese & ,am]icans1 be+ by nature immoral1 7 =c$ to inv5t a moral code to control _! actions2 b 9 ,japan ?is 0 n necess>y1 z e ,japanese act$ aright if he only consult$ 8 own he>t4 ,!y expla9 ! ne$ = ! pres5t moral laws--a ne$ :i* !y ackn[l$ge--by ! fact ( association ) outside nations4 ,immorality & dissolut5ess 7 introduc$ by ! ,*9ese & ,we/]n peoples1 to c\nt]act ! evil influ5ce ( :i* !y n[ h ! %ameful spectacle ( a moral law ev5 among ! *ildr5 ( ! heav5-desc5d$ mikado4 ,s mu* = ! tea*+ ( ,%9to 9 #aji reg>d to morality4 ,x w\ld be exasp]at+ 7 x n ludicr\s4 ,confucius is ! ma/] ( ,japanese morality4 ,8 tea*+s 7 introduc$ into ,japan e>ly 9 ! ,*ri/ian era1 b !y became pr$om9ant only 9 ! "t ( ,iyeyasu1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is great /atesman1 w>rior1 & patron ( le>n+ caus$ ! ,*9ese classics to be pr9t$ 9 ,japan = ! fir/ "t2 & f t day to ?is ! morality ( ,japan has be5 dom9at$ by ,confucian ideas4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ,japanese morality1 x is necess>y = u to %ift our moral base & try to look at ! subject ?r\gh ,japanese eyes4 ,! av]age native ( ! ,we/ ?9ks ( morality z some?+ belong+ to ! individual4 ,ev5 9 religion 8 fir/ ?\ght is to save 8 own s\l4 ,! value ( ! s\l1 its immortality1 its imm$iate relation to ! inf9ite & et]nal ,fa!r--^! h be5 emphasiz$ ev] s9ce ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( ! *ur*4 ,9 consequ5ce1 !re is a duty :i* man owes to himself4 ,he may n disreg>d x ev5 at ! comm& ( fa!r or k+4 ,)9 ! s\l is ! holie/ ( all1 = !re is he>d 9 consci5ce ! voice ( ,god himself4 ,no ext]nal au?ority may be supreme1 & at no ext]nal voice may "o violate 8 own convictions ( tru?4 ,?is ?\ght exalts ! individual1 &1 #aaj !re=e1 s9s :i* degrade our own p]sonality become mo/ repulsive4 ,?us1 among high-m9d$ m5 tru? is almo/ fir/ among ! virtues1 & an accusation ( falsehood ! mo/ hateful ( insults4 ,= tru? seems peculi>ly p]sonal & spiritual1 z if belong+ to ! v sanctu>y ( "o's nature4 ,& 9 l mann]1 among wom51 9 popul> e/eem *a/ity is ( ! ess5ce ( morality1 z its violation seems to contam9ate & debase h] holie/ self4 ,n[ ! ,confucian e?ics re/ ^u a q diff]5t pr9ciple1 & 9 ?is are at "o ) ! anci5t tea*+ ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,! supreme duty is n to ! self1 b to ! organization ( :i* "o is b a "p--t is1 to ! family or to ! /ate4 ,! great ,*9ese morali/s 7 /atesm51 & _! *ief conc]n 01 n ! salvation ( ! individual1 b ! peace & prosp]ity ( ! /ate4 ,9 _! view1 ! family 0 ! unit1 & ! /ate a great] family4 ,s ! conflict ( duties1 9 _! que/ions ( casui/ry1 is nev] betwe5 individual & social duties1 b betwe5 duties ow$ to family & to /ate4 ,loyalty to ! /ate & ob$i5ce to p>5ts mu/ be supreme2 b ,*9a & ,japan diff] z to ! value ( ^! two4 ,accord+ to orig9al ,confucianism1 ! fir/ duty ( m5 is ob$i5ce to p>5ts2 ! second1 loyalty to rul]s2 b 9 ,japan ! ord] ( ^! #aaa duties has be5 *ang$1 ! second be+ giv5 fir/ place4 ,! p h le>n$ well ?is tea*+ ( ,confucius4 ,japan 0 prep>$ soil = its s[+4 ,! native religion taught t ! emp]or 0 a direct desc5dant ( heav51 :o rul$ by div9e "r2 ! prov9cial lords 7 8 m9i/]s1 & h5ce loyalty 0 a pla9 duty4 ,! ,confucian tea*+ only /r5g!n$1 deep5$1 & gave =m & outl9e to a s5tim5t already exi/+4 ,?is pr9ciple ( loyalty ?us became ! f\ndation /one ( ,japanese e?ics1 & "o's duty to "o's "l p>am\nt to all o!r duties4 ,9 ! old5 times ! p did n look beyond _! own feudal lords & clans to ! emp]or & ! nation4 ,!y 7 to be fai?ful unto dea? to ^!1 b no fur!r4 ,n[ t loyalty once %[n to ! local pr9ces & clans f9ds its apo!osis 9 ! emp]or & ! empire4 ,a man's duty to 8 fri5ds1 to 8 wife & *ildr51 & ev5 to 8 p>5ts1 is c\nt$ z no?+ 9 comp>ison ) 8 duty to rul]s & c\ntry4 ,!re are _m in/ances 9 ,japanese hi/ory ( m5 :o1 hav+ sla9 _! own p>5ts1 *ildr51 wives1 = ! sake ( _! pr9ce1 7 prais$4 ,at ! "t ( ! rec5t tidal wave 9 nor!rn ,japan1 :5 ! wat]s 7 ru%+ furi\sly into "o home1 a husb& & #aab fa!r turn$ a deaf e> to ! cries ( 8 dr[n+ wife & *ildr51 p]mitt+ !m to p]i% t he might save ! emp]or's picture2 & he 0 applaud$ = ! act4 ,a fire rec5tly demoli%$ ! beautiful new build+s ( ! middle s*ool 9 ,saga4 ,! libr>y1 laboratories1 & sci5tific app>atus 7 mo/ly de/roy$1 & _m ( ! /ud5ts lo/ _! clo?+ & books4 ,! loss 9 build+s alone 0 "s #bj1jjj4 ,yet ! ?+ ! loss ( :i* !y lam5t$ mo/ deeply 0 a photograph ( ! emp]or :i* c\ld easily be replac$ = a few y54 ,a *>act]i/ic /ory1 %[+ ! devotion ) :i* ! old samurai c>ri$ out ?is pr9ciple ( loyalty1 is ! tale ( ! =ty-sev5 ron9s4 ,x is r long to ins]t "h1 b z x illu/rates s well ! p[] ( ?is pr9ciple1 ,i w relate x4 ,9 ! ye> #agja ! "l ( ,ako1 ,asano by "n1 visit$ ,y$o to pay 8 respects to ! %ogun4 ,:ile !re ! %ogun appo9t$ him to receive & ent]ta9 an envoy f ! mikado4 ,n[1 ! reception ( an envoy f ! imp]ial c\rt 0 "o ( ! greate/ /ate c]emonies ( ! day1 & z ,asano knew little ( c]emonies & etiquette1 he ask$ ! advice ( ano!r nobleman1 nam$ ,kira1 :o 0 exp]t 9 su* matt]s4 ,?is man1 :o seems to h #aac be5 ( a v mean disposition1 grudg+ly gave ! in=mation desir$1 & !n ask$ a fee = ! same4 ,asano refus$ to give ! fee1 & ,kira1 becom+ angry1 twitt$ & je]$ at him1 call+ him a c\ntry l\t1 unwor?y ! "n ( daimio4 ,asano endur$ ! insults pati5tly until ,kira p]emptorily ord]$ him to /oop d[n & fa/5 8 foot-ge> = him1--a mo/ m5ial s]vice1--:5 he drew 8 sword & gave ! (f5d] a deep cut across ! face4 ,?is qu>rel took place 9 ! prec9cts ( ! palace1 & in/antly ! :ole c\rt 0 9 an upro>4 ,to degrade ! sacr$ place 0 an insult puni%able ) dea? & ! confiscation ( all prop]ty2 & ,asano 0 condemn$ to take 8 own life by h>a-kiri t same ev5+1 8 e/ates 7 confiscat$1 8 family decl>$ ext9ct1 & 8 clan disb&$4 ,h5ce=? 8 reta9]s became ron9s 7w&]+ m571 ) no c\ntry & no "l4 ,accord+ to ! e?ics ( _! c\ntry1 x 0 _! b\nd5 duty to av5ge ! dea? ( _! "l1 & we %all see h[ rel5tlessly !y foll[$ _! purpose until x 0 accompli%$4 ,! s5ior reta9] ( ! dead ,asano1 ,oi%u ,kuranosuke1 toge!r ) =ty-six o!rs ( 8 mo/ tru/y fell[-lieges1 took c\nsel z to h[ !y might av5ge _! "l4 ,!y all 7 will+ to lay d[n _! lives 9 ! attempt1 b #aad ev5 !n ! task 0 difficult1 because ( ! vigilance ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,= su* v5geance 0 rigidly prohibit$ by law1 al?\gh z rigidly requir$ by cu/om4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t all :o slew an enemy = v5geance 7 puni%$ by dea?1 n to take su* v5geance nev] ent]$ ! m9d ( any *ivalr\s ,japanese4 ,aft] mu* plann+ ! =ty-sev5 ron9s decid$ t to avoid ! suspicions ( ! gov]nm5t x w\ld be necess>y = !m to sep>ate & = ! "t conceal _! purpose4 ,s !y sep>at$1 settl+ 9 diff]5t cities1 & tak+ up v>i\s occupations4 ,_m ( !m became c>p5t]s1 smi?s1 & m]*ants1 & 9 ^! capacities ga9$ access to ,kira's h\se & le>n$ all ab\t its int]ior arrangem5ts4 ,! lead] ( ?is fai?ful b&1 ,oi%u1 w5t to ,kyoto & plung$ into a life ( drunk5ness & debau*]y4 ,he ev5 put away 8 wife & *ildr51 & l$ ! mo/ dissolute life possible1 simply to ?r[ (f ! suspicions ( ! au?orities4 ,all ( ! ron9s 7 closely wat*$ by spies1 :o secretly report$ _! conduct to ,kira4 ,b by ^! devices !y f9ally lull$ all suspicion1 & ! vigilance ceas$4 ,!n ! day long wait$ = _h come4 ,sudd5ly1 on ! night ( ,janu>y #cj1 #agjc1 two ye>s aft] ! dea? ( _! "l1 9 ! mid/ ( a viol5t sn[/orm1 ^! =ty-sev5 fai?ful m5 attack$ #aae ,kira's ca/le1 =c$ ! gate1 & slew all ! reta9]s4 ,kira1 :o 0 a c[>d at he>t1 conceal$ himself 9 an ou?\se4 ,! ron9s f\nd him !re1 drew him =?1 & reque/$ him to kill himself by h>a-kiri1 z 0 ! privilege ( a man ( 8 rank4 ,b he refus$ out ( fe>1 & ! reta9]s ( ,asano 7 =c$ to kill him z !y w\ld h kill$ a common coolie4 ,?us did !y accompli% _! purpose & fulfil ! high duty ( loyalty to _! dead "l1 aft] two ye>s ( wait+1 mo/ c>eful plann+1 & ceaseless vigilance4 ,by ! "t _! purpose 0 accompli%$ day _h dawn$1 &1 9 pla9 view ( ! :ole city1 ?is brave b& m>*$ 9 ord] to ! temple ( ,s5gakuji1 :]e ,asano 0 buri$4 ,! citiz5s %[$ !m e honor on ! way4 ,a weal?y nobleman1 z a rew>d = _! loyal de$1 s5t !m out co/ly refre%m5ts4 ,:5 !y arriv$ at ! temple ! head abbot receiv$ !m 9 p]son & %[$ !m e honor4 ,f9d+ ! grave ( _! dead "l1 !y laid !reon ! head ( ! enemy by :om he _h be5 s deeply wrong$1 & !n felt t _! duty 0 done4 ,!y 7 all s5t5c$ to commit h>a-kiri1 :i* !y did will+ly4 ,aft]w>d !y 7 buri$ toge!r 9 ! same temple gr\nds ) _! "l1 :]e _! graves c be se5 to ?is day4 #aaf ,^! m5 simply obey$ ! e?ical code ( _! "t & c\ntry1 & z a rew>d = _! loyalty !y h receiv$ ! en?usia/ic praise ( _! c\ntrym5 = two c5turies4 ,no o!r /ory is s popul> to-day1 or s /irs ! he>ts ( ! p1 z ?is4 ,:ile we1 believ+ t v5geance belongs to ! ,"l1 _c indorse ?is de$1 we mu/ admire ! loyalty & fai?fulness ( ^? ron9s1 & ! p]sev]ance ) :i* !y adh]$ to _! purpose4 ,9 ?is true /ory we see cle>ly ! p[] ( ?is fir/ pr9ciple ( ,japanese morality--loyalty4 ,! si/] pr9ciple ( loyalty 9 ,confucian e?ics is ob$i5ce to p>5ts4 ,unque/ion+1 absolute1 implicit ob$i5ce is requir$ ( all *ildr54 ,=m]ly ! *ild 0 consid]$ ! prop]ty ( ! p>5ts1 & c\ld be dispos$ ( at w1 ev5 to ! tak+ ( its life4 ,to-day ! fa!r may sell 8 daught] to a life ( %ame1 or l5d h] to a private individual = immoral purposes2 &1 h[ev] mu* %e may dislike su* a life1 ob$i5ce to p>5ts requires t %e acquiesce 9 8 w1 :i* %e does uncompla9+ly4 ,?is pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce is ! f\ndation /one ( ,japanese family life4 ,! relation betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr5 is /rong] ?an t betwe5 man & wife1 & is giv5 a prior place4 ,an only son _c be =c$ to leave 8 "m #aag & become a soldi]1 b a husb& may be =c$ to leave 8 wife4 ,)9 ! family circle1 ! son's duty to 8 ag$ p>5ts always prec$es 8 duty to 8 wife4 ,e ,japanese feels deeply ?is obligation to 8 p>5ts1 & prop]ly to support & n\ri% !m 9 old age he holds to be a sacr$ duty4 ,am]icans c\ld le>n mu* t w\ld be pr(itable f ! rev]5ce & respect %[n = p>5ts & tea*]s by ! ,japanese4 ,9 ,japan1 h[ev]1 ?is pr9ciple is c>ri$ too f>4 ,x cont9ues aft] dea? z b9d+ z be=e1 & div9e honors are paid to dead ance/ors4 ,p]iodical visits are made to _! tombs1 religi\s c&les are kept burn+ 9 _! honor1 & pray]s are said to !m4 ,among ! m enlight5$ to-day !re is p]haps no?+ 9 ^! c]emonies b rev]5ce & respect2 yet by ! masses ( ! p ance/ors are wor%ip$4 ,!re are two moral maxims t %[ well ! relative importance 9 :i* p>5ts1 relatives1 & wives are held4 ,!y are ! foll[+3 ,?y fa!r & ?y "m are l heav5 & e>?2 ?y tea*] & ?y "l are l ! sun & ! moon4 ,o!r k9sfolk may be lik5$ to ! ru%es2 husb&s & wives are b z useless /ones4 ,x is app>5t t virtues h diff]+ values 9 ! ,confucian & ,*ri/ian sy/ems4 ,we c #aah appreciate _! po9t ( view be/1 p]haps1 z we rememb] ! e?ics ( an army4 ,"h ob$i5ce1 loyalty1 self-devotion1 c\rage1 are supreme4 ,mu* is =giv5 if ^! are manife/$4 ,! organization is ev]y?+1 & ! individual no?+1 save z he is a fraction ( ! great ma*9e4 ,c>ry t idea into ! social community1 & ?9k ( x z an army1 ) all1 wom5 z well z m51 ( value only z p>ts ( ! great] :ole1 & we %all und]/& :y & h[ ! ,japanese may e/eem m5 & wom5 righte\s :om we judge debas$ & ev5 crim9al4 ,s w\ld ! ,japanese judge !m1 7 ! motive m]e passion or selfi% desire1 b n :5 ! controll+ p[] is loyalty or ob$i5ce4 ,?us ! =ty-sev5 ron9 7 pre-em95tly righte\s :5 !y debau*$ !mselves ) e sw9i% vice4 ,( c\rse ?is view ( morality puts great temptation 9 ! way ( p>5ts & rul]s4 ,hav+ supreme p[]1 !y may use x to ! degradation ( ^? :om !y control4 ,confucius1 x is true1 taught p>5ts & rul]s t !y too ow$ duties to ! /ate1 & t use ( _! ,heav5-giv5 p[]s = selfi% ends 0 treason aga9/ ! supreme law2 b1 beyond d\bt1 ! duty ( submission1 ( loyalty & unque/ion+ ob$i5ce1 0 s exagg]at$ t evils _m & great result$4 ,at ! same "t #aai a sympa!tic view leads "o to wond] ! r t ! e?ical results are s :olesome4 ,turn+ f ?is g5]al view1 "o f9ds 9 p>ticul>s mu* ! same conditions z 9 o!r l&s4 ,= example1 imm5se quantities ( alcoholic /imulants are consum$ annually4 ,!re is a native liquor call$ sake1 made f rice1 t is v popul> &1 9 "s ( its =ms1 v intoxicat+4 ,its manufacture & sale is "o ( ! mo/ lucrative bus9esses 9 ! empire4 ,=eign :iskies1 w9es1 & be]s are sold 9 l>ge quantities1 b !y are s co/ly z to be beyond ! rea* ( all b ! weal?y4 ,outside ( ! small circle ( ,*ri/ians1 !re are few p :o d n dr9k4 ,! total ab/a9] is a r>ity4 ,b1 :ile ne>ly e "o dr9ks1 9 g5]al ! ,japanese d n dr9k to su* excess z o!r nations4 ,"o seldom sees su* bea/ly drunk5ness z is (t5 se5 9 ! ,we/4 ,dr9k+ is tak5 z a matt] ( c\rse1 & society does n condemn x4 ,! usual way 9 :i* ,japanese m5 pass a dull day is 9 fea/+ & dr9k+4 ,! use ( alcoholic /imulants is mu* m common "h ?an at home4 ,9 bus9ess & comm]cial morality !re is mu* to be desir$4 ,! m]*ants d n sell accord+ to ! wor? ( an article1 b accord+ to :at !y c make ! pur*as] pay4 ,!y are great b>ga9]s4 ,rec5tly ,i want$ to buy #abj two l>ge wall-pictures4 ,! deal] ask$ me #ba = !m1 b f9ally sold !m = #e4 ,x is a v common ?+ to buy articles = less ?an half ! price fir/ ask$4 ,9 matt]s ( v]acity & 9 ! fulfilm5t ( contracts ,japanese m]*ants are n g5]ally to be tru/$4 ,! av]age man is fam\s = ly+1 & ! m]*ants & tradesm5 seem to h acquir$ an extra %>e ( ?is g5]al *>act]i/ic4 ,a ,japanese trad] w d all 9 8 p[] to avoid ! fulfilm5t ( a contract if x entails a loss4 ,?is lack ( comm]cial honor is recogniz$ by ! =eign firms do+ bus9ess "h1 & x has h9d]$ n a little ! gr[? & developm5t ( trade4 ,! moral s5se ( ! p 9 reg>d to tak+ "o's own life is v diff]5t f t ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,f anci5t times1 suicide has be5 ?\ght to be a praisewor?y act1 & has be5 ext5sively practis$4 ,=m]ly x 0 enc\rag$1 & sometimes requir$1 by ! gov]nm5t2 b n[ x has no (ficial sanction :atev]4 ,/ill1 ! cu/om exi/s1 & "s au?orities place ! annual numb] ( suicides z high z #aj1jjj4 ,! p laugh at our ,we/]n idea t x is wrong to take "o's own life4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y hold t :5 mis=tunes & calamities make ?is life unattractive x is ! "p ( wisdom to end x4 ,ev5 ! feel+s ( "y ,japanese1 #aba :o h be5 educat$ some:at into our own way ( ?9k+1 d n seem to h *ang$ on ?is po9t2 !y /ill adh]e to ! old ,roman view t self-de/ruction is p]missible & (t5 m]itori\s4 ,! ,we/]n fiction t all suicides are ! result ( "s =m ( insanity is n c\nt5anc$ "h4 ,! v>i\s causes lead+ to self-de/ruction are coolly & c>efully tabulat$1 & v few are attribut$ to insanity4 ,contr>iwise1 long & c>eful /udy ( ! subject has %[n t self-de/ruction is gone ab\t ) z mu* coolness1 precision1 & judgm5t z any act ( daily life4 ,! above are 9 brief ! lead+ moral ideas & pr9ciples t gov]n ! ,japanese p4 ,= _! loyalty & ob$i5ce we h only admiration4 ,b bo? ( ^! pr9ciples are giv5 an undue importance & are c>ri$ to extremes4 ,! *ief defect ( ,japanese morality is ! m9or place x gives to ! individual4 ,! moral ne$ ( ! nation is a ,*ri/ian morality--n j ! morality ( ! ,we/1 b a morality f\nd$ on ! e?ical pr9ciples inculcat$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,?is w\ld exalt tru? & *a/ity1 w\ld s(t5 & temp] ! great duties ( loyalty & ob$i5ce1 & w\ld make ( ,japan an hone/1 temp]ate nation4 #abb ,,vii ,,religions ,,( ,,japan ,! ,japanese are by nature a religi\s p4 ,9 ! e>lie/ times a conglom]ate mass ( sup]/itions & my?ological ideas 0 made to d s]vice z a religion4 ,feti%ism1 phallicism1 animism1 & tree- & s]p5t-wor%ip 7 v common4 ,! l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 ! ,creator & ! creature 0 n cle>ly m>k$2 gods & m5 m+l$ & int]m+l$1 & 7 h>dly kn[n ap>t4 ,b x is n our purpose "h to trace ! anci5t religi\s ideas ( ,japan1 b r to give a %ort acc\nt ( contempor>y religions4 ,!re=e we _c dwell on ^! unwritt5 my?ological-religi\s sy/ems4 ,! religions ( contempor>y ,japan are f\r--,%9to1 ,buddhism1 ,confucianism1 & ,t5rikyo4 ,%9to & ,t5rikyo are indig5\s2 ,buddhism & ,confucianism h be5 import$ f ,*9a & ,korea4 ,t5rikyo is ( rec5t orig9 & has #abc n yet ! influ5ce & /&+ ( ! o!rs4 ,%9to1 ,buddhism1 & ,confucianism h exi/$ "h side by side = c5turies4 ,!re is no great antagonism betwe5 !m1 z !re is betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ! e?nic religions4 ,_m ( ! p are disciples ( all ?ree at ! same "t1 tak+ _! !ology f ,%9to1 _! sot]iology & es*atology f ,buddhism1 & _! moral & economic ideas f ,confucianism4 ,no inconsi/5cy is felt 9 ?us believ+ all ?ree religions & wor%ip+ at _! %r9es4 ,inde$1 ^! ?ree fai?s h s comm+l$1 ! ideas & practices ( "o h s filt]$ into ! o!rs1 t x is h>d n[ to di/+ui% ! pure tea*+s ( ea*4 ,9 ! m9ds ( ! masses !y are n di/+ui%$ 9 detail4 ,& yet z reg>ds orig91 hi/ory1 & tea*+s !y are sep>ate & di/9ct fai?s4 ,%9to ,%9to may be call$ ! national cult ( ,japan4 ,! ^w ,%9to means ! way ( ! gods4 ,?is sy/em h>dly des]ves ! "n religion4 ,x has no moral code1 no dogmas1 no sacr$ books4 ,orig9ally x consi/$ *iefly ( ance/or- & nature-wor%ip1 & ( c]ta9 my?ological ideas4 ,a *ief feature ( x /ill is ! wor%ip ( ance/ors1 :o are exalt$ to a high p$e/al 9 ?\ght #abd & wor%ip$ z gods4 ,! div9e orig9 ( ! imp]ial family1 & ! obligation to wor%ip & obey x1 0 a prom95t tea*+ ( ,%9to4 ,! ance/ors ( ! imp]ial family 7 to be held 9 supreme rev]5ce & 7 ! objects ( especial wor%ip4 ,accord+ to ! ,%9to ( ?is p]iod1 !re 0 nei!r heav5 nor hell1 b only an int]m$iate ,hades4 ,!re 0 a sort ( prie/hood1 b its duty 0 to wat* ov] p>ticul> local gods1 n to prea* to ! p4 ,pure ,%9to taught t a man's :ole duty lay 9 absolute ob$i5ce to ! mikado & 9 foll[+ ! natural prompt+s ( 8 own he>t4 ,%9to 0 v mu* affect$ by ! introduction ( ,buddhism1 ab\t ! middle ( ! six? c5tury1 & its fur!r gr[? 0 *eck$4 ,buddhism adopt$ & l>gely absorb$ x4 ,%9to gods 7 giv5 a place 9 ! ,buddhi/ pan!on1 & _m ( ! ,%9to c]emonies 7 adopt$4 ,b ,%9to 0 completely ov]%ad[$ by ,buddhism1 & lay 9 a dormant /ate f ! ye> #eej to #agjj1 a night ( m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,%9to ,temple4 ,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury a revival ( ,%9to has sprung up4 ,native s*ol>s tri$ to call up ! pa/1 to f9d out :at pure ,%9to 0 be=e its corruption by ,buddhism1 & to tea* x z ! national fai?4 ,9 ?is ef=t #abe !y 7 p>tially successful4 ,! old ,buddhi/ic accretions 7 l>gely ?r[n (f1 & _m ( ! temples1 /ripp$ ( _! ,buddhi/ ornam5ts1 7 h&$ ov] to ! ,%9to prie/s4 ,buddhism 0 dise/abli%$1 & ,%9to aga9 became ! religion ( ! /ate4 ,a ,%9to ,c\ncil = ,spiritual ,affairs 0 appo9t$1 :i* _h equal rank ) ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 r$uc$ gradually to ! rank ( a dep>tm5t1 !n to a bureau1 lat] to a sub-bureau4 ,at pres5t ,%9to is ! /ate religion1 9 s f> z !re c be said to be any /ate religion2 b 9 reality !re is no e/abli%$ religion4 ,! connection ( ! gov]nm5t ) ,%9to ext5ds no fur!r ?an ! ma9t5ance ( c]ta9 temples & ! att5dance ( c]ta9 (ficials on "s c]emonies4 ,%9to enjoys a l>ge am\nt ( popul>ity because x is indig5\s1 :ile ,buddhism & ,confucianism labor "u ! disadvantage ( be+ ( =eign orig94 ,! majority ( ! upp] classes 9 ,japan :o to-day h any religion at all are ,%9toi/s4 ,buddhism ,! religion f\nd$ by ,buddha 9 ,india is six c5turies old] ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,its nom9al adh]5ts comprise almo/ "o ?ird ( ! human race4 ,its philosophical precepts are deep #abf & pr(\nd1 :ile its e?ical tea*+s are1 = ! mo/ "p1 l(ty & ennobl+4 ,?is religion is wor?y ! c>eful /udy ( any man :o has ! "t & incl9ation4 ,we _c attempt to give a full exposition ( x1 b w h to cont5t ourselves ) a b>e m5tion ( its m prom95t tea*+s4 ,c]ta9 resemblances to ,ca?olicism 9 ritual1 c]emony1 & ornam5tation /rike "o v =cibly 9 obs]v+ ,buddhi/ rites4 ,! c&les1 ! inc5se1 ! images & processions1 all resemble ,rome4 ,b ?is resemblance ext5ds no fur!r ?an ritual & c]emony4 ,9 po9t ( doctr9e ,buddhism is widely sep>at$ f e =m ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ,buddhism ! condition on :i* grace is receiv$ is n fai?1 b k & enlight5m5t4 ,salvation is accompli%$1 n by ! vic>i\s suff]+s ( a ,r$eem]1 b by self-p]fection ?r\gh self-d5ial & discipl9e4 ,dr4 ,griffis1 a man :o has writt5 mu* & well on ,japan1 has pron\nc$ ! pr9cipal features ( ,buddhism to be a!ism1 metempsy*osis1 or ! transmigration ( s\ls1 & abs5ce ( ca/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,buddhi/ ,prie/4 ,buddhism kn[s no?+ ( ! exi/5ce ( a supreme ,god :o creat$ ! _w4 ,x inh]it$ ideas ( c]ta9 gods f ,brahmanism1 b ^! are made second>y to ! hotoke1 or buddhas1 #abg :o are simply m5 :o h f9ally rea*$ ! calm ( p]fect hol9ess aft] toil+ ?r\gh endless ages & c\ntless exi/5ces4 ,x tea*es t exi/5ce itself is ! *ief ( all evils4 ,in/ead ( long+ = et]nal life1 ! ,buddhi/ longs = annihilation4 ,happy1 well-f$ ,we/]n p1 to :om exi/5ce is a delight1 c h>dly und]/& h[ any "o c really desire its cessation4 ,b ! life ( ! l[] classes 9 _m c\ntries ( ! ,ea/ is "o daily /ruggle = bread1 s full ( sorr[ & mis]y t x is n unnatural !y %\ld desire to end x4 ,?is religion tea*es t ! evil ( exi/5ce spr+s f ! d\ble root ( ignorance & human passions1 & is to be ov]come by k & self-discipl9e4 ,! heav5 x (f]s is absorption 9 ! ,nirvana--! loss ( p]sonal id5tity & practical annihilation4 ,buddhism numb]s m devotees & ex]ts a great] influ5ce ?an any ( ! o!r religions ( ,japan4 ,x 0 receiv$ f ,korea ab\t ! middle ( ! six? c5tury4 ,aft] x _h be5 transplant$ & _h gr[n into popul> favor1 _m ,japanese 7 s5t to ,korea & ,*9a to /udy its doctr9es m fully2 & !y br\ght back ) !m n only ,buddhism1 b also ,*9ese lit]ature & civilization4 ,at fir/ ,buddhism enc\nt]$ fi]ce opposition1 b x 0 =tunate 9 secur+ c\rt patronage1 & #abh v soon ! opposition entirely ceas$1 s t 9 two or ?ree c5turies x spread itself ?r\gh\t ! :ole empire4 ,if ev] a nation 0 ripe = ! introduction ( a =eign religion1 t nation 0 ,japan at t "t4 ,! national cult 0 sil5t1 or almo/ s1 9 reg>d to ! de/9y ( man & _m o!r que/ions :i* religion is expect$ to answ]4 ,! religi\s nature ( ! p 0 ass]t+ itself1 & !y 7 long+ = m light on ! great que/ions ( life--its :5ce1 :y1 & :i!r4 ,buddhism gave ?is light1 & !re=e 0 w>mly welcom$4 ,x _h ! :ole field to itself1 & took complete possession ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,buddhi/ ,cemet]y4 ,f ! "t ( its introduction into ,japan d[n to ! pres5t1 ,buddhism has enjoy$ a wide popul>ity & ex]t$ a p[]ful influ5ce4 ,x is n too mu* to say t ,buddhism has l>gely =m$ ,japanese civilization & national life4 ,9 ! words ( ,pr(essor ,*amb]la91 ,all education 0 = c5turies 9 ,buddhi/ h&s4 ,buddhism introduc$ art & m$ic9e1 mold$ ! folk-lore ( ! c\ntry1 creat$ its dramatic poetry1 deeply influ5c$ politics & e sph]e ( social & intellectual activity4 ,9 a ^w1 ,buddhism 0 ! tea*] "u ^: in/ruction ! ,japanese nation grew up4 ,buddhism has by no means lo/ its hold 9 ,japan4 ,x /ill has great life & p[]4 ,"s #abi writ]s h said t !y h nev] se5 a new temple 9 ,japan--only old ones fall+ into decay4 ,_! exp]i5ce mu/ h be5 limit$4 ,i see pl5ty ( new temples1 "s ( :i* are v co/ly4 ,buddhi/ temples are num]\s1 & _m are ( impos+ ar*itecture4 ,be+ g5]ally surr\nd$ by tall trees1 !y h a lonely1 m\rnful appe>ance4 ,hide\s bea/s1 dragons1 & s]p5ts are c>v$ ^u !m1 & l>ge1 fi]ce-look+ /one lions gu>d !m1 ! effect be+ to awe & t]rify ! behold]4 ,"s are furni%$ ) gorge\s alt>s cov]$ ) beautiful fl[]s1 images1 & /atues4 ,besides ! temples !re are ev]y:]e little %r9es4 ,! religi\s _s ( ! p prompts !m to d$icate ! mo/ beautiful spots & nooks to ! gods1 & !re to erect %r9es & idols4 ,buddhi/ prie/s dress 9 robes n v unlike ! (ficial robes ( ! ,episcopal cl]gy4 ,_! heads are always close-%av51 a m>k by :i* !y are easily di/+ui%$4 ,=bidd5 to m>ry1 !y are expect$ to lead lives ( purity & *a/ity4 ,!y h greatly deg5]at$1 a l>ge p] c5t4 be+ illit]ate & immoral4 ,_! lives w n be> comp>ison ) ^? ( ! ,*ri/ian evangeli/s4 ,t ne>ly all ! cemet]ies ( ,japan are 9 _! h&s gives !m great influ5ce4 #acj ,japanese ,buddhism is divid$ into num]\s sects1 *ief ( :i* are ! ,t5dai1 ,%+on1 ,jodo1 & ,z51 ( ,*9ese orig91 & ! ,%9 & ,ni*ir51 ( native orig94 ,! latt] two are mo/ prosp]\s4 ,buddhism has pr(it$ by its contact ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,z ! reaction ( ,prote/antism ^u ,ca?olicism 0 b5eficial to ! latt]1 s ! reaction ( ,*ri/ianity ^u ,buddhism has be5 heal?ful ,x has =c$ a revival & purification ( ! ,buddhi/ fai?1 & to-day x is bett] & m active ?an be=e x enc\nt]$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,/ill1 ,*ri/ianity is gradually encroa*+ ^u its doma9 & is crippl+ its influ5ce4 ,t ,buddhism is b\nd to p]i% 9 its enc\nt] ) ,we/]n civilization & ,*ri/ianity seems a =egone conclusion4 ,confucianism ,confucianism is ev5 less des]v+ ! "n ( a religion ?an ,%9to4 ,x consi/s *iefly 9 a set ( moral tea*+s1 ( n>r[ application & mo/ly ( a political nature4 ,confucius1 avoid+ all metaphysical ab/ractions & devotional rhapsodies1 conf9$ himself to ! mu* m practical field ( morals & politics4 ,b 8 disciples & comm5tators1 especially dur+ ! middle ages1 exp&$ 8 doctr9es & add$ ideas #aca m or less religi\s4 ,?us develop$1 x became a sort ( religi\s sy/em1 ! only "o believ$ by ! old samurai or w>rior classes4 ,confucius1 its f\nd]1 0 born 9 ! ye> #eea ,b4,c41 9 ! /ate ( ,lu1 prov9ce ( ,%antung1 ,*9a4 ,he 0 an e>ne/ /ud5t ( ! old] ,*9ese classics1 & "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( 8 "t4 ,he ga!r$ r\nd him a circle ( "y m51 :om he in/ruct$1 l ,socrates1 by que/ions & answ]s4 ,he di$ 9 #dgh ,b4,c4 ,no o!r human tea*] has _h m disciples or ex]t$ a wid] & /rong] influ5ce4 ,f its bir?place 9 ,*9a ,confucianism spread to ,korea1 :]e x soon became1 & /ill cont9ues to be1 ! pr$om9ant fai?4 ,f ,korea x advanc$ to ! ,japanese ar*ipelago1 :]e = _m hundr$ ye>s x has _h mu* to d ) %ap+ & mold+ ! "* ( ! p4 ,confucianism has und]gone _m modifications4 ,at fir/ a comp>atively simple sy/em ( e?ics & politics1 x has exp&$ until to-day x is a complicat$ philosophico-religi\s sy/em4 ,! basal pr9ciples ( ,confucian e?ics are ! five relations4 ,^! are3 sov]eign & m9i/]2 fa!r & son2 husb& & wife2 eld] bro!r & y\ng] bro!r2 fri5d & fri5d4 ,i h nam$ !m 9 ! ord] ( _! importance4 ,! duty ( loyalty is above t ( filial #acb ob$i5ce1 :ile ! relation ( husb& & wife is inf]ior to bo? ( ^!4 ,we w briefly consid] ea* ( ^! relations sep>ately4 ,! duty ( a m9i/]1 or s]vant1 to 8 pr9ce1 or sov]eign1 is ! fir/ duty ( man1 & is emphasiz$ to an extreme degree4 ,9 ord] to dis*>ge ?is obligation to ! feudal "l or emp]or1 "o mu/1 if necess>y1 give up ev]y?+3 h\se1 l&s1 k9sm51 "n1 fame1 wife1 *ildr51 society--all4 ,& ,japanese hi/ory is fill$ ) in/ances ( reta9]s :o h c\nt$ _! lives1 _! families1 _! all1 z less ?an no?+ :5 comp>$ ) _! duty to _! "l4 ,loyalty is ! "o idea :i* dom9ates all o!rs 9 ! ,confucianism ( ,japan4 ,?us x has ex]t$ an influ5ce h>dly second to ,%9to 9 inculcat+ loyalty to ! emp]or & to ,japan1 & mak+ ! p fanatically patriotic4 ,! second relation is t ( fa!r & son1 or p>5t & *ild4 ,my read]s p]haps w\ld consid] ! relation ( husb& & wife ! fir/ ( all human relations1 b n s ! ,ori5tal4 ,) him ! family is ( f> m importance ?an ! individual1 & ! *ief aim ( m>riage is ! ma9t5ance ( ! family l9e4 ,if ! wife becomes a "m %e is honor$ because %e assi/s 9 p]petuat+ ! family l9e2 if %e is *ildless %e is probably neglect$4 ,:]e !re are no *ildr5 adoption is ! univ]sal practice4 #acc ,! "o adopt$ takes ! family "n & p]petuates x4 ,no great] mis=tune c be conceiv$ ?an = ! h\se to become ext9ct4 ,! relation ( p>5t & *ild is v diff]5t f t to :i* we are accu/om$4 ,mutual love h>dly exi/s4 ,! p>5t feels compassion & love = 8 *ild2 ! *ild rev]5ces ! p>5t4 ,to speak ( a *ild's love = 8 fa!r1 or a man's love = ,god1 is repugnant to ! ,confuciani/4 ,x is ?\ght to be tak+ an undue famili>ity1 & ! prop] relation is consid]$ "o ( dep5d5ce & rev]5ce4 ,9 old ,japan ! fa!r 0 absolute "l & ma/]1 & _h p[] ov] ! life & dea? ( 8 *ild4 ,9 rec5t times 8 p[] is m limit$1 & ! idea is beg9n+ to dawn ^u ?9k+ natives t *ildr5 h rights z well z duties4 ,a ,japanese *ild feels m rev]5ce = its p>5ts1 or at lea/ = its fa!r1 ?an does ! av]age *ild re>$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian homes ( ! ,we/4 ,! ?ird relation is t ( husb& & wife4 ,on ?is po9t ! tea*+ ( ,confucius is v diff]5t f t ( ,*ri/4 ,in/ead ( hav+ two p>ties b\nd toge!r by mutual love1 ) equal rights & duties1 we h ! relation ( sup]ior & inf]ior1 ( ma/] & s]vant4 ,! husb& prec$es ! wife 9 all ?+s4 ,%e mu/ s]ve him & 8 family zeal\sly & #acd uncompla9+ly4 ,%e mu/ be especially on h] gu>d aga9/ ! fooli% s9 ( jeal\sy1 & is n to compla9 if h] husb& introduces a concub9e into ! same h\se 9 :i* %e resides4 ,%e is to yield absolute ob$i5ce to him 9 all ?+s4 ,%e c be divorc$ = v slight reasons1 & divorces are matt]s ( e-day occurr5ce4 ,/ati/ics %[ t ! annual numb] ( divorces is ab\t "o ?ird ! numb] ( m>riages4 ,s5tim5t is gradually *ang+ 9 ?is reg>d1 & m>riage & divorce laws are becom+ m /rict4 ,confucius condemn$ adult]y z a he9\s crime1 b ?is tea*+ is made to apply only to ! wife4 ,%e mu/ rema9 true to h] husb&1 b he is n consid]$ "u ! same obligation to h]4 ,! f\r? relation is t ( eld] bro!r & y\ng] bro!r4 ,?is is evid5t f ! language us$ to express ! relation ( *ildr5 ( ! same h\sehold to "o ano!r4 ,! ^w = bro!r or si/] is seldom us$2 9 fact1 !re is no ^w to express j t idea4 ,9 its /ead we he> eld] bro!r1 eld] si/]1 & y\ng] bro!r1 y\ng] si/]4 ,! *ildr5 ( a h\sehold are n consid]$ equals2 ! eld] ones are giv5 ! pref]5ce 9 all ?+s4 ,especially does ! elde/ son hold a position ( prom95ce f> above t ( ! o!r *ildr54 #ace ,he is look$ ^u z ! p]petuator ( ! family l9e & is giv5 especial honor4 ,8 y\ng] bro!rs & 8 si/]s1 & ev5 8 "m1 mu/ s]ve & obey him4 ,! y\ng] sons are subjects = adoption into o!r families1 especially into ^? :]e !re are daught]s to be m>ri$ & family names to be p]petuat$4 ,?is is 9 accordance ) ! ,ea/]n idea t ! h\se is ( m importance ?an ! individual4 ,confucian e?ics l>gely ov]looks ! idea ( p]sonality4 ,! fif? relation is t betwe5 fri5ds4 ,"s writ]s h spok5 ( ?is z t ( man to man1 & h ?us read ,*ri/ian ideas into ,confucianism2 b ?is relation z taught by ,confucius is only betwe5 fri5ds4 ,z reg>ds man & man1 ,confucius taught ! duties ( c\rtesy & propriety1 b no o!rs4 ,he taught ! duty ( k9dness to /rang]s1 b mo/ /ud5ts ( 8 writ+s are ( ! op9ion t he did n include =eign]s among /rang]s4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to ,*ri/ianity 9 ,confucianism is ! negative ( ! gold5 rule1 ,d n d unto o!rs z y w\ld n h o!rs d unto y4 ,?is approa*es ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ v ne>ly1 b only 9 a negative =m4 ,"s h ?\ght t ,confucius taught ! duty ( return+ good = evil1 b ?is is a mi/ake4 ,"o ( 8 contempor>ies1 ,lao-tse1 did tea* #acf ?is duty2 b :5 ,confucius 0 ask$ ab\t x he repli$1 ,:at1 !n1 w y return = good8 ,recomp5se injury ) ju/ice1 & return good = good4 ,c]ta9 x is t ?is relation1 z und]/ood 9 ,japan1 does n apply to =eign]s4 ,h[ ! ,japanese treat$ =eign]s 9 =m] times is well kn[n4 ,=eign sailors %ipwreck$ on h] coa/s 7 tortur$ & execut$4 ,%ips f abroad1 br++ %ipwreck$ ,japanese back to _! own c\ntry1 7 met ) p[d] & ball & repuls$4 ,commodore ,p]ry1 9 attempt+ to e/abli% a treaty ) ,japan1 ju/ly compla9$ to ! native au?orities t ! dictates ( humanity _h n be5 foll[$1 t %ipwreck$ m5 7 treat$ ) useless cruelty1 & t ,japan's attitude t[>d h] neighbors & all ! _w 0 t ( an enemy & n ( a fri5d4 ,! fif? relation did n tea* a common bro!rhood ( m5 & obligations ( k9dness to =eign]s4 ,x appli$ only to ! *>m$ circle ( fri5d%ip4 ,on ^! five relations re/s ! :ole ,japanese social & moral /ructure4 ,family & national life has be5 %ap$ & mold$ by !m4 ,!y are ! t5 comm&m5ts ( ! ,ea/4 ,h[ v diff]5t f ! pr9ciples :i* h det]m9$ our own family & social life6 ,confucianism 9 ,japan has be5 develop$ into #acg a highly complicat$ religi\s sy/em1 & 9 ?is =m is believ$ by l>ge numb]s ( high-class1 educat$ ,japanese4 ,x is :olly pan!i/ic 9 its tea*+1 hav+ po9ts ( resemblance ) ,g]man pan!ism4 ,x kn[s no su* ?+ z ,god z a sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,r1 all is ,god4 ,dr4 ,m>t91 ( ,*9a1 has well /yl$ x a pan!i/ic m$ley4 ,al?\gh ,confucianism has long _h a /rong hold ^u ,japanese m9ds1 its influ5ce is wan+4 ,! anci5t classics are little /udi$1 & ! y\ng] g5]ation kn[s almo/ no?+ ( !m4 ,! great temple ( ,confucius 9 ,tokyo1 ! ,seido1 has be5 *ang$ into an educational museum4 ,t5rikyo ,p]haps "s w ?9k t ,t5rikyo does n des]ve m5tion along ) ! be=e-nam$ great religions4 ,c]ta9ly x is n wor?y ( ! respect accord$ to !m1 & has n ex]t$ su* an influ5ce z !y h4 ,x is ( v rec5t orig9 & is z yet conf9$ to ! l[] /rata ( society4 ,b its disciples con/itute "o ( ! mo/ vigor\s & active religi\s bodies 9 ,japan to-day4 ,its gr[? has be5 rem>kably rapid1 especially dur+ ! pa/ five ye>s4 ,gov]nm5t recognition has be5 already ga9$1 & x is gradually mak+ a place = itself among #ach ! religions ( ,japan4 ,"s au?orities place ! numb] ( its adh]5ts z high z #e1jjj1jjj1 b ^! figures are probably too high4 ,t5rikyo is a mission>y religion1 hav+ v e>ne/ repres5tatives 9 almo/ e di/rict 9 ,japan4 ,^! m5 rely almo/ exclusively ^u prea*+ = ! propagation ( _! doctr9es1 & _! ef=ts are g5]ally successful4 ,space p]mits u to say only a few words 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ?is religion4 ,its f\nd] 0 a peasant woman nam$ ,nakayama ,miiki1 popul>ly call$ ,omiiki1 :o 0 born ( a v poor family 9 ! prov9ce ( ,yamato 9 #agih1 ,!re 0 no?+ rem>kable ab\t h] life until h] =tie? ye>1 :5 %e fell into a trance4 ,:ile 9 ?is /ate "o ( ! old ,%9to deities1 ,kuni-,toko-,ta*i ,no ,mikoto1 appe>$ to h]1 &1 aft] caus+ h] mu* di/ress1 left h] = a %ort "t undi/urb$4 ,aft] ?is brief int]val ( quiet %e aga9 fell into a trance1 & 0 visit$ by a l>ge numb] ( gods1 "s ( !m ! greate/ ( ! ,%9to pan!on4 ,^! gods reveal$ to h] ! sub/ance ( h] tea*+1 repres5t+ x z ! only true doctr9e & ! "o :i* w\ld ultimately triumph ov] all o!rs4 ,!y also in=m$ h] t %e 0 ! div9ely appo9t$ in/rum5t ?r\gh :om ?is revelation 0 to be giv5 to ! _w4 ,f #aci ?is "t =w>d ,omiiki devot$ h]self to ! propagation ( ?is revelation4 ,n wi%+ to break entirely ) ! old religions1 %e repres5t$ h] revelation z hav+ be5 receiv$ f ! ,%9to gods1 & gave a place 9 h] tea*+ to "s prom95t ,buddhi/ elem5ts4 ,by ?is means %e won popul> favor & ga9$ an e>ne/ he>+4 ,! t]m ,t5rikyo signifies ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,heav5ly ,reason4 ,:ile _m ( its tea*+s diff] b little f curr5t ,%9to & ,buddhi/ic ideas1 its m prom95t t5ets are radically diff]5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,t5rikyo t5ds mu* t[>d mono!ism4 ,omiiki h]self accept$ poly!ism1 b taught t man's real allegiance is due to ! sun & ! moon4 ,^! %e reg>d$ z ! real gods2 b z !y always "w toge!r1 & z ! _w & all ?+s !re9 are ! product ( _! jo9t work+1 !y are practically "o4 ,s9ce h] dea? ! tea*+ has become m & m mono!i/ic 9 t5d5cy1 & "s ( its prea*]s tea* explicit mono!ism4 ,omiiki taught a new relation betwe5 ! gods & m5--a relation ( p>5ts to *ildr54 ,! gods wat* ov] & love _! *ildr5 j z e>?ly p>5ts d4 ,! emp]or is ! eld] bro!r ( ! p1 :o rules z ! repres5tative ( ! div9e p>5ts4 #adj ,fai?-heal+ =m$ a prom95t "p 9 ! orig9al tea*+ ( ,t5rikyo4 ,x ass]t$ t nei!r physicians nor m$ic9e 0 ne$$1 b t cures are to be effect$ ?r\gh fai? alone4 ,m>vel\s /ories are told ( ! wond]ful cures x has accompli%$1 _m ( :i* seem well au!nticat$4 ,b :ile !re seems no good reason = d\bt+ ! g5u95ess ( "s ( ^! cures1 ! p[] ( m9d ov] m9d1 & ! influ5ce ( p]sonal magnetism 9 c]ta9 k9ds ( n]v\s disord]s1 are s well kn[n t !y c be easily expla9$ )\t any ref]5ce to ! sup]natural4 ,! fai?-cure feature ( ?is religion is n[ fall+ into disuse4 ,t5rikyo makes v little ( ! future /ate1 al?\gh ,omiiki assum$ its reality4 ,9 "o passage %e ref]s to ! s\l z an emanation f ! gods1 & says t aft] dea? x w g back to !m4 ,%e tea*es t ! cause ( suff]+1 disease1 & s9 is f\nd 9 ! impurity ( ! human he>t1 & t ! he>t mu/ be cleans$ be=e believ]s c receive ! div9e favor4 ,%e insi/s ov] & ov] aga9 t no pray]s nor religi\s s]vices are ( any avail s long z ! he>t is impure4 ,! aim ( ,omiiki & h] foll[]s seems to be a wor?y "o4 ,! movem5t is highly e?ical1 & !re is little d\bt b t ! adh]5ts ( ! ,t5rikyo are sup]ior 9 morals to #ada ! re/ ( _! class4 ,"s features ( ?is new religion are1 h[ev]1 look$ ^u ) suspicion1 & x is be+ closely wat*$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,*>ges ( gross immorality h be5 pref]r$ aga9/ x1 especially 9 ref]5ce to ! midnight dances1 9 :i* bo? sexes are said to p>ticipate indiscrim9ately2 b ^! *>ges are made by its enemies & h nev] be5 prov$4 ,9 _m respects ,t5rikyo mat]ially diff]s f ! o!r religions ( ,japan4 ,its adh]5ts assemble at /at$ times = wor%ip & in/ruction1 :ile ! ,buddhi/s assemble 9 ! temples = wor%ip & prea*+ only ?ree or f\r times a ye>1 & ! ,%9toi/s seldom1 if ev]1 assemble4 ,! wor%ip ( ,t5rikyo1 = ! mo/ "p1 consi/s ( praise & ?anksgiv+ by music & danc+2 b pray] is also practis$4 ,ano!r di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ,t5rikyo is t x is exclusive4 ,! o!r religions ( ,japan are v tol]ant ( "o ano!r2 "o may believe !m all4 ,b ,t5rikyo w n tol]ate ei!r ,buddhism or ,%9to4 ,its adh]5ts mu/ give _! allegiance to x alone4 ,x is int]e/+ to conjecture z to ! influ5ce ,*ri/ianity has _h ^u ,t5rikyo4 ,x does n seem probable t ,omiiki 0 at all influ5c$ by x1 unless ! traditions ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity ( "s two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s previ\s rea*$ h] 9 "s way4 ,b ! expansion #adb & developm5t ( ! sy/em by its lat] tea*]s h be5 v mu* affect$ by ,*ri/ianity4 ,"s ( its pres5t prea*]s1 9 con/ruct+ _! s]mons1 borr[ l>gely f ,*ri/ian s\rces4 ,9 ! m9ds ( ! common p ,t5rikyo is g5]ally associat$ ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re are sev]al o!r small religi\s sects 9 ,japan1 su* z ! ,remmon ,kyokwai1 ,kurozumi ,kyokwai1 etc41 b !y are n ( suffici5t importance to comm& notice "h4 ,any /atem5t ( ! religions ( contempor>y ,japan w\ld be incomplete )\t notice ( ,*ri/ianity1 b t w be res]v$ = ano!r portion ( ?is book4 ,! ?ree great religions1 ,%9to1 ,buddhism1 & ,confucianism1 are completely wov5 into ! w>p & wo( ( ,japanese society4 ,z ,*ri/ianity has %ap$ ! political1 social1 & family life ( ! ,we/1 s ^! anci5t fai?s h t ( ! ,ea/4 ,! laws1 ! morality1 ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ^! peoples all h be5 det]m9$ by _! religions4 ,& to-day ! masses ( ! p look to !m = pr9ciples to guide _! pres5t life1 & = _! future spiritual welf>e1 ) j z mu* confid5ce & tru/ z my read]s look to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! mission>y1 9 8 "w1 mu/ enc\nt] & #adc vanqui% all ( ^! religions1 :i* is no light task4 ,!y all h elem5ts ( sup]/ition1 & _! orig9 & sup]natural tea*+s w n be> ! se>*-light ( ! gr[+ _s ( criticism & inve/igation4 ,ea* "o ( !m is ev5 n[ modify+ gradually its doctr9es 9 "s features1 s z to br+ !m into h>mony ) true le>n+ & sci5ce2 & z ! nation progresses intellectually ! hold ( ^! anci5t fai?s ^u ! common m9d w become m & m prec>i\s4 ,we expect to see !m gradually retreat+1 ?\gh /ubbornly resi/+ e in* ( gr\nd1 until !y %all f9ally leave ! field to _! y\ng] & m vigor\s antagoni/s1 ,*ri/ianity & civilization4 #add ,,viii ,,fir/ ,,introduction ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ *apt]s ( ,japanese hi/ory is t relat+ to ! introduction & gr[? ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?is /ory has be5 eloqu5tly told 9 ne>ly all ,european languages1 & is famili> to ! read+ public4 ,! t]rible p]secutions !n enact$ are vividly repres5t$ 9 pa9t+s & o!r works ( art on exhibition 9 art gall]ies ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,?is *apt] is n writt5 ) ! hope ( say+ any?+ new ^u ! subject1 b because a /ory ( mission "w 9 ,japan w\ld be incomplete )\t x2 & x may be t "s = ! fir/ "t w "h read ?is /ory4 ,9 ord] rightly to appreciate ! introduction & spread ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan1 x is necess>y t we take a bird's-eye view ( ! int]nal condition ( ! c\ntry ab\t ! middle ( ! #ade sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ,japanese 7 n !n1 z n[1 a homog5e\s p ) a /rong c5tral gov]nm5t4 ,! emp]or1 al?\gh ! nom9al rul]1 0 9 reality ! creature ( ! %ogun1 :o 0 ! real rul]4 ,8 title to ! %ogunate 0 frequ5tly disput$1 h[ev]1 & rival claimants wag$ fi]ce w> ^u him4 ,! :ole ( ,japan 0 divid$ into w>r+ factions t 7 h>dly ev] at peace ) "o ano!r4 ,! feudal lords ( ! v>i\s prov9ces 7 only b\nd to ! c5tral gov]nm5t by ! weake/ ties1 & 7 cont9ually 9 a /ate ( rebellion4 ,_m ( ^! daimios 7 great & p[]ful1 able to wage w> ) ! %ogun himself4 ,jeal\sy & rivalry betwe5 ! prov9ces kept up con/ant qu>rels & divisions4 ,bad gov]nm5t1 int]nal w>s1 ! disputes & qu>rels ( diff]5t clans1 & ! ambitions & jeal\sies ( _! rul]s _h de/roy$ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry & _h deva/at$ h] ri* & beautiful cities4 ,ev5 ! f9e old capital ( ,kyoto is repres5t$ z at t "t 9 a /ate ( dilapidation & ru91 its /reets fill$ ) unburi$ corpses & all k9ds ( debris & fil?4 ,kamakura1 ! seat ( ! %ogun's gov]nm5t1 once boa/+ #a1jjj1jjj inhabitants1 0 9 a%es4 ,9 ^? d>k times !re 0 little 9 ! preval5t religions to *e] & uplift disc\rag$ #adf m54 ,%9to 0 s completely ov]%ad[$ by ,buddhism t x 0 little m ?an a my?4 ,buddhism _h become a political sy/em1 & paid little att5tion to purely religi\s matt]s4 ,! prie/s _h deg5]at$ into an army ( m]c5>ies1 liv+ 9 luxury & dissolut5ess4 ,! common p 7 9 a cont9ual /ate ( excitem5t & f]m5t4 ,into ?is disord]$1 *aotic society ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ introduc$4 ,! conditions 7 favorable to its reception4 ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]1 "o ( ! mo/ devot$1 e>ne/1 & successful mission>ies ev] s5t out by ! ,roman ,*ur*1 has ! honor ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ mission>y to ,japan4 ,he 0 l$ to g !re 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a refugee f ,japan1 nam$ ,anjiro1 _h w&]$ to ,malacca1 & !re he met ,xavi]1 :o 0 at t "t engag$ 9 prea*+ ! gospel 9 ,india & ! ,sunda ,isl&s4 ,?r\gh ,xavi]'s influ5ce ,anjiro 0 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! /ories :i* he told ( 8 own p fir$ ! great evangeli/ ) ! desire to prea* ! gospel to ! ,japanese4 ,a few ye>s prior to ?is "s ,portuguese trad]s _h made _! way to ,japan1 _h be5 w>mly receiv$1 & _h begun a lucrative trade4 ,"s ( ! daimios express$ to !m a desire to h ! ,*ri/ian religion taught to _! p2 & ,xavi] no #adg soon] he>d ( ?is ?an he set out = ,japan1 accompani$ by ! native conv]t ,anjiro4 ,!y l&$ at ,kago%ima1 a l>ge city on ! coa/ ( ! s\!rn isl& ( ,kyu%u1 ,augu/ #ae1 #aedi4 ,! pr9ce ( ,satsuma gave ,xavi] a he>ty welcome1 b aft]w>d became jeal\s because "o ( ! rival clans _h be5 furni%$ ) fire>ms by ! ,portuguese m]*ants1 s t ,xavi] 0 compell$ to remove to ,hirado4 ,f !re he w5t to ,nagato1 !nce to ,bungo1 :]e he aga9 met a w>m reception4 ,al?\gh s great a mission>y1 & hav+ labor$ 9 s _m c\ntries1 ,xavi] is said nev] to h ma/]$ completely a s+le =eign tongue4 ,he /udi$ ! rudim5ts ( ,japanese1 b1 f9d+ t way mu* too sl[1 began prea*+ ?r\gh an int]pret]1 ) m>k$ success & p[]4 ,anjiro _h translat$ ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 writ+ x 9 ,roman lett]s1 & ,xavi] is said to h read ?is to ! p ) wond]ful effect4 ,he /ay$ only two & a half ye>s 9 ,japan2 yet 9 t %ort "t he organiz$ sev]al congregations 9 ! neighborhood ( ,yamagu*i & ,hirado1 & visit$ & prea*$ 9 ! old capital ,kyoto4 ,he !n left ! "w 9 ! h&s ( o!r mission>ies1 :ile he und]took ! spiritual conque/ ( ,*9a4 ,?is anci5t empire1 ) h] h>d1 cons]vative civilization1 imp]vi\s to =eign influ5ce1 lay l a burd5 #adh on 8 he>t4 ,contemplat+ h] le>n+1 h] pride1 & h] exclusiv5ess1 he utt]$ ! despair+ cry1 ,o m\nta91 m\nta91 :5 wilt ?\ op5 to my ,"l8 ,he di$ ,decemb] #b1 #aeea1 on an isl& 9 ! ,canton ,riv]4 ,! inspir+ example ( ,xavi] attract$ scores ( mission>ies to ,japan1 & also incit$ ! native conv]ts to con/itute !mselves mission>ies to _! k9sm5 & fri5ds2 & _! labors bore mu* fruit4 ,9 a v %ort "t1 9 ! region ( ,kyoto alone1 !re 7 sev5 /rong *ur*es2 & ! isl& ( ,amakusa1 ! great] "p ( ! ,goto ,isl&s1 & ! daimiates ( ,omura & ,yamagu*i _h become ,*ri/ian4 ,9 #aeha ! *ur*es _h gr[n to two hundr$1 & ! numb] ( ,*ri/ians to #aej1jjj4 ,! conv]ts 7 drawn f all classes ( ! p2 ,buddhi/ prie/s1 s*ol>s1 & noblem5 embrac$ ! new fai? ) z mu* read9ess z did ! l[] classes4 ,two daimios _h accept$ x1 & 7 do+ all 9 _! p[] to aid ! mission>ies 9 _! prov9ces4 ,at ?is p]iod ! mission>ies & ,*ri/ians f\nd a p[]ful support] 9 ,nobunaga1 ! m9i/] ( ! mikado4 ,?is man op5ly welcom$ ! =eign prie/s1 & gave !m suitable gr\nds on :i* to build _! *ur*es1 s*ools1 & dwell+s2 & "u 8 patronage ! new #adi religion grew apace4 ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity took its deepe/ root 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces1 fl\ri%+ especially 9 ,bungo1 ,omura1 & ,arima2 b !re 7 *ur*es z f> nor? z ,y$o1 & evangeli/s _h c>ri$ ! tid+s ( ,*ri/ & ! ,"m ( ,god ev5 to ! nor!rn b\nd>ies ( ! empire4 ,?is 0 ! high tide ( ,japanese ,ca?olicism4 ,! native ,*ri/ians 7 s e>ne/ & loyal to ! *ur* t1 9 #aehc1 !y s5t an embassy ( f\r "y noblem5 to ,rome to pay _! respects to ! pope & to decl>e !mselves 8 spiritual vassals4 ,!y 7 suspect$ by "s ( _! c\ntrym5 ( desir+ to become 8 vassals 9 ano!r s5se z well4 ,?is embassy 0 receiv$ ) ! greate/ honors by ! pope1 z well z by ! ,european pr9ces1 & 0 s5t away heavily lad5 ) pres5ts4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( eight ye>s x return$ to ,nagasaki1 accompani$ by sev5te5 m ,jesuit fa!rs4 ,up to ?is "t all ( ! prie/s labor+ 9 ,japan 7 memb]s ( ?is ord]4 ,f "t to "t o!r embassies 7 despat*$ f ,japan to ,rome1 "o ( :i* 0 s5t _m ye>s aft] ! p]secutions _h begun4 ,ca?olic hi/ories put ! numb] ( native ,*ri/ians at ?is "t at ab\t #fjj1jjj1 b native au?orities put x mu* high]4 #aej ,p]secutions ,su* 0 ! happy /ate ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ?is empire z ! sixte5? c5tury 0 draw+ to a close4 ,b1 ?ick & fa/1 cl\ds 7 ga!r+ ov] ! horizon1 & sudd5ly & furi\sly ! /orm broke4 ,! loss ( _! protector1 ,nobunaga1 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! mis=tunes ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,?is great man 0 sla9 by an assass91 ,ake*i by "n1 :o attempt$ to take ! re9s ( gov]nm5t into 8 own h&s4 ,hideyo%i1 "o ( ! greate/ m5 ,japan ev] produc$1 n[ came ^u ! /age4 ,he 0 ! loyal g5]al ( ! mikado1 &1 by ! help ( ! ,*ri/ian g5]al ,takayama1 he ov]?rew ! usurp] ,ake*i1 & became ! mold] ( ! de/9ies ( ! empire4 ,he 0 ! unifi] ( ,japan4 ,hideyo%i 0 at fir/ tol]ant ( ,*ri/ianity2 b 8 suspicions 7 by & by ar\s$1 & he became a cruel & rel5tless p]secutor4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,griffis1 8 umbrage arose p>tly because a ,portuguese capta9 w\ld n please him by risk+ 8 %ip 9 com+ out ( deep wat] & ne>] l&1 & p>tly because "s ,*ri/ian maid5s ( ,arima scorn$ 8 degrad+ proposals4 ,! qu>rels ( ! ,*ri/ians !mselves also help$ to br+ on ! p]secutions4 #aea ,franciscan & ,dom9ican mission>ies f ,spa9 _h rec5tly l&$ 9 ,japan1 & !y 7 cont9ually at /rife ) ! ,portuguese ,jesuits4 ,! jeal\sy & indiscretion ( ^! unfri5dly religi\s ord]s1 & ! sl&]s circulat$ by ! ,buddhi/s1 /irr$ up ! popul> fury1 & a p]secution ( fire & blood broke out4 ,hideyo%i issu$ an edict comm&+ ! ,jesuits to leave ! c\ntry 9 tw5ty days2 b ?is edict 0 w9k$ at1 & ! p]secutions 7 c>ri$ on only locally & spasmodically4 ,! conv]ts increas$ fa/] dur+ ^! p]secutions ?an be=e1 ab\t #aj1jjj be+ add$ ea* ye>4 ,9 op5 violation ( ! edict1 f\r ,franciscan prie/s came to ,kyoto 9 #aeic ) a ,spani% envoy4 ,!y 7 all[$ to build h\ses & reside !re on ! express condition t !y 7 n to prea* or tea*1 ei!r publicly or privately4 ,imm$iately violat+ _! pl$ge1 !y began prea*+ op5ly 9 ! /reets1 we>+ ! ve/m5ts ( _! ord]4 ,!y excit$ a great deal ( discord among ! ,jesuit congregations & us$ mo/ viol5t language4 ,hideyo%i 0 ang]$ at ?is1--z he _h good reason to be1--& caus$ n9e prea*]s to be seiz$ :ile !y 7 build+ *apels 9 ,osaka & ,kyoto1 & condemn$ to dea?4 ,^!1 toge!r ) ?ree ,portuguese ,jesuits1 six ,spani% #aeb ,franciscans1 & sev5te5 native ,*ri/ians1 7 crucifi$ on bamboo crosses 9 ,nagasaki1 ,febru>y #e1 #aeig4 ,!y 7 put to dea?1 n z ,*ri/ians1 b z law-break]s & political conspirators4 ,hideyo%i 0 fur!r confirm$ 9 8 op9ion t ^! =eign prie/s _h political designs by ! rem>k ( a ,spani% sea-capta9 :o %[$ him a map ( ! _w1 on :i* ! va/ dom9ions ( ! ,k+ ( ,spa9 7 cle>ly m>k$1 & :o1 9 reply to ! "q z to h[ 8 ma/] came by su* wide t]ritories1 fooli%ly repli$ t he fir/ s5t prie/s to w9 ov] ! p1 !n soldi]s to cop]ate ) ! native conv]ts1 & ! conque/ 0 easy4 ,hideyo%i's fe>s 7 n entirely ungr\nd$4 ,! tru? is t ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity has always be51 & 0 especially at t "t1 s intimately connect$ ) ! /ate t h] emiss>ies c\ld n keep f entangl+ !mselves 9 politics4 ,hideyo%i di$ 9 #aeig1 & ) ! dea? ( _! p]secutor ! mission>ies aga9 took he>t & began _! "w anew4 ,! political successor ( ,hideyo%i 0 ,iyeyasu--a man ev5 great]1 p]haps1 ?an 8 pr$ecessor4 ,he 0 n p]mitt$ to assume direction ( affairs )\t a fi]ce & bloody /ruggle4 ,ar\nd ! capital #bjj1jjj soldi]s 7 ga!r$ "u ambiti\s rival lead]s4 ,soon ! camps 7 #aec divid$ into two factions1 ! nor!rn soldi]s "u ,iyeyasu1 & ! s\!rn soldi]s "u _! own daimios4 ,mo/ ( ! ,*ri/ians 7 naturally alli$ ) ! latt] p>ty4 ,believ+ ,iyeyasu to be a usurp]1 ! ,*ri/ian g5]als array$ !mselves aga9/ him & w5t =? to meet him 9 ! op5 field4 ,on ! field ( ,sekigah>a a bloody battle 0 f\ght1 & #aj1jjj m5 lo/ _! lives4 ,! ,*ri/ians 7 beat51 & 7 dealt ) aft] ! cu/om ( ! "t--_! heads 7 /rick5 (f4 ,iyeyasu1 f9d+ himself 9 undisput$ possession ( ! re9s ( gov]nm5t1 began at once ! completion ( ! "w ( ,hideyo%i1 i4e41 ! creation ( a /rong c5tral gov]nm5t & ! subjugation ( ! sev]al daimios4 ,h5ce=? ! ,*ri/ians _h to deal ) ?is c5tral gov]nm5t in/ead ( ! petty local ones4 ,sy/ematic p]secutions 7 n[ begun 9 ! diff]5t prov9ces1 culm9at+ 9 ! ye> #afjf1 :5 ,iyeyasu issu$ 8 fam\s edict prohibit+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,at ?is "t !re 7 m ?an #a1jjj1jjj ,*ri/ians 9 ,japan4 ,an outw>d %[ ( ob$i5ce w>d$ (f active p]secution = a few ye>s1 :5 ! ,franciscan fri>s aga9 ar\s$ ! wra? ( ! gov]nm5t by op5ly violat+ ! laws & exhort+ _! conv]ts to d likewise4 ,9 #afaa ,iyeyasu is report$ to h discov]$ docum5t>y evid5ce ( ! #aed exi/5ce ( a plot on ! "p ( ! native ,*ri/ians & ! =eign emiss>ies to ov]?r[ ! gov]nm5t & r$uce ,japan to ! position ( a subject /ate4 ,tak+ advantage ( ! opportunity ?us af=d$1 he det]m9$ to utt]ly extirpate ,*ri/ianity f 8 dom9ions4 ,janu>y #bg1 #afad1 he issu$ ! fam\s edict 9 :i* he br&$ ! ,jesuit mission>ies z triple enemies--z enemies ( ! gods1 ( ,japan1 & ( ! buddhas4 ,desir+ to avoid s mu* blood%$1 if possible1 he tri$ ! plan ( transportation4 ,?ree hundr$ p]sons--,franciscans1 ,jesuits1 ,dom9icans1 ,augu/9ians1 & natives--7 %ipp$ f ,nagasaki to ,macao4 ,b _m prie/s conceal$ !mselves & 7 ov]look$4 ,! native ,*ri/ians refus$ to r5\nce _! fai?4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! end 0 n yet4 ,! ,*ri/ians 7 sympa?iz]s ) ,hideyori1 :o _h be5 a rival claimant ) ,iyeyasu = ! %ogunate1 & ^: ca/le 9 ,osaka 0 ! greate/ /ronghold 9 ! empire4 ,9 ?is ca/le ,hideyori gave %elt] to "s ,*ri/ians1 & ,iyeyasu call$ out a great army & laid siege to x4 ,! w> :i* foll[$ 0 v brief1 b1 if ! report ( ! ,jesuits is to be reli$ ^u1 #ajj1jjj m5 p]i%$4 ,! ca/le f9ally fell1 & ) x ! cause ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,hidetada1 ! next %ogun1 n[ pron\nc$ s5t5ce ( dea? ^u #aee e =eign]1 :e!r prie/ or cate*i/1 f\nd 9 ! c\ntry4 ,all native conv]ts :o refus$ to r5\nce _! fai? 7 likewise s5t5c$ to dea?4 ,! /ory ( ! p]secutions t foll[$ is too horrible to be describ$4 ,fire & sword 7 freely us$ to extirpate ,*ri/ianity4 ,conv]ts 7 wrapp$ 9 /raw sacks1 pil$ 9 heaps ( liv+ fuel1 & !n set on fire4 ,_m 7 burn$ ) fires made f ! crosses be=e :i* !y 7 accu/om$ to b[4 ,"s 7 buri$ alive4 ,all ! tortures t b>b>ic cruelty c\ld inv5t 7 freely us$ to rid ! l& ( !m4 ,! calmness & =titude ) :i* !y bore _! lot1 gladly dy+ = _! fai?1 comm& our w>me/ admiration4 ,! p[] ( our religion to uphold & su/a9 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( torture 0 nev] m /rik+ly illu/rat$1 & ! anci5t ,roman _w produc$ no m will+ m>tyrs ?an did ,japan at ?is "t4 ,at la/ ev5 ! pati5t1 uncompla9+ ,japanese ,*ri/ians c\ld /& x no long]4 ,p]secut$ until desp]ate1 ^? :o rema9$ f9ally arose 9 rebellion1 seiz$ & =tifi$ ! old ca/le ( ,%imab>a1 & resolv$ to die r ?an submit4 ,! rebell+ p>ty probably numb]$ ab\t #cj1jjj1 & !re 0 n "o =eign] among !m4 ,a vet]an army1 l$ by skill$ comm&]s1 0 s5t aga9/ ! rebels1 #aef & aft] a /ubborn resi/ance ( f\r mon?s ! ca/le 0 tak54 ,m51 wom51 & *ildr5--all 7 slaught]$4 ,!re is an old /ory to ! effect t _m ( !m 7 ?r[n f ! rock ( ,papp5burg into ! sea2 b x lacks confirmation & d\btless is only a my?4 ,x has also be5 *>g$ aga9/ ! ,prote/ant ,holl&]s !n resid5t 9 ,nagasaki t !y assi/$ 9 ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,%imab>a ca/le & ! de/ruction ( ! ,ca?olics ) _! heavy guns1 b ?is probably is untrue4 ,!re 0 n[ left no p[] to resi/1 & ! sword1 fire1 & bani%m5t swept away e trace ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ext]m9ation appe>$ s complete t non-,*ri/ian writ]s h po9t$ to ,japan z a l& 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity _h be5 entirely conqu]$ by ! sword1 ?us prov+ t x c\ld be extirpat$4 ,b ! extirpation 0 n s ?or\gh z at fir/ appe>$4 ,*ri/ian conv]ts rema9$1 & assembl$ regul>ly = wor%ip2 b ! utmo/ secrecy 0 obs]v$1 = fe> ( ! au?orities4 ,:5 ! c\ntry 0 reop5$ 9 #ahei1 ! ,ca?olic fa!rs f\nd rema9+ 9 & ar\nd ,nagasaki :ole villages ( ,*ri/ians1 hold+ _! fai? 9 secret1 x is true1 b /ill hold+ x4 ,dur+ ! two hundr$ ye>s 9 :i* !y _h be5 left alone ! fai? _h become corrupt1 b !re 7 /ill ?\s&s ( p :o1 amid #aeg mu* ignorance1 wor%ip$ ! true ,god & refus$ to b[ at pagan %r9es4 ,*ri/ianity 0 n entirely cru%$1 nei!r c be1 by ! secul> arm4 ,aft] ! gov]nm5t _h1 z x fondly suppos$1 entirely suppress$ ! hat$ =eign religion1 9 ord] to prev5t its return x det]m9$ ^u ! mo/ rigid sy/em ( exclusiv5ess ev] practis$ by any nation4 ,! means ( communication ) ! out] _w 7 all cut (f2 all %ips above a c]ta9 size 7 de/roy$1 & ! build+ ( o!rs l>ge en\gh to visit =eign l&s rigidly prohibit$2 ,japanese 7 =bidd5 to travel abroad on pa9 ( dea?2 native %ipwreck$ sailors :o _h be5 driv5 to o!r l&s 7 n p]mitt$ to return to _! own c\ntry1 le/ !y %\ld c>ry ! dread$ religion back ) !m2 & all =eign]s f\nd on ,japanese t]ritory 7 execut$4 ,ov] all ! empire ! mo/ rigid prohibitions ( ,*ri/ianity 7 po/$4 ,! high-s\nd+ text ( "o ( !m 0 z foll[s3 ,s long z ! sun %all cont9ue to w>m ! e>?1 let no ,*ri/ian be s bold z to come to ,japan2 & let all "k t ! ,k+ ( ,spa9 himself1 or ! ,*ri/ians' god1 or ! great ,god ( all1 if ,he d>e violate ?is comm&1 %all pay = x ) ,8 head4 ,^! prohibitions c\ld /ill be se5 along ! highways z late z #ahgb4 #aeh ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( exclusion ! only means ( communication ) ! outside _w 0 ?r\gh ! ,dut*1 a small colony ( :om 7 p]mitt$ to reside 9 ,nagasaki z a sort ( safety-valve & a means ( communication ) ! outside _w :5 su* communication became absolutely necess>y4 ,!y enjoy$ ! confid5ce ( ,japan m ?an any o!r nation4 ,^! ,holl&]s 7 compell$ to live on ! n>r[ little isl& ( ,desima1 9 ,nagasaki h>bor1 always "u /rict surveillance4 ,%ips f ,holl& 7 p]mitt$ to visit !m occasionally1 & !y c>ri$ on a v lucrative trade betwe5 ! two c\ntries4 ,! mi/ake ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan dur+ ! c5tury ! hi/ory ( :i* we h be5 recit+ 0 its m$dl+ 9 politics & gett+ itself entangl$ 9 ! int]nal affairs ( ! c\ntry4 ,if x _h avoid$ politics & be5 at peace & h>mony ) itself1 x might h enjoy$ cont9u$ prosp]ity1 & ,japan to-day might h be5 "o ( ! brighte/ />s 9 ! pope's cr[n4 ,:ile ?is 01 z we firmly believe1 a v corrupt =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 we mu/ rememb] t x 0 immeasurably bett] ?an any religion ,japan _h yet kn[n4 ,al?\gh x taught ,m>iolatry1 salvation 9 "p by works1 p5ance1 & _m o!r errors1 x also taught t !re #aei is b "o ,god1 & t ,8 ,son di$ = m54 ,x v mu* improv$ ! morals ( its adh]5ts1 & purifi$ & exalt$ _! lives4 ,at ! pres5t day v little rema9s ( ?is c5tury ( ,*ri/ianity besides ! few scatt]$ & corrupt congregations f\nd by ! ,jesuits on _! return1 ! introduction ( fire>ms & a few rude tools1 & ! infusion ( a h&ful ( =eign words into ! language4 ,! mo/ important effect ( ?is p]iod is an inborn & invet]ate prejudice aga9/ & mi/ru/ ( ,*ri/ianity on ! "p ( ! p1 :i* to-day h9d]s mu* our "w ( evangelization4 #afj ,,ix ,,mod]n ,,roman ,,& ,,greek ,,missions ,roman ,*ur* ,! ,roman ,*ur* 0 n disc\rag$ by ! fi]ce p]secutions %e 0 call$ ^u to endure dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,no?+ daunt$1 %e cont9u$ to s5d mission>ies at int]vals dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury2 b !y 7 ?r[n into prison or execut$ z soon z !y l&$4 ,9 ord] to be 9 read9ess = ! op5+ ( ! c\ntry1 :i* c\ld n be mu* long] delay$1 ! pope1 9 #ahdf1 nom9at$ a bi%op & sev]al mission>ies to ,japan4 ,^! m5 took up _! /ation 9 ! neighbor+ ,liukiu ,isl&s & pati5tly await$ _! opportunity4 ,z soon z ! treaties ) =eign nations 7 made1 & ! c\ntry 0 op5$1 !y at once ent]$ ,japan1 & resum$ ! "w s rudely int]rupt$ two hundr$ ye>s be=e4 #afa ,a few ye>s lat] ^! prie/s _h ! joy ( discov]+ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,nagasaki sev]al ,*ri/ian communities t _h surviv$ ! bloody p]secutions & _h p]petuat$ _! fai? = m ?an two c5turies1 9 spite ( ! vigilance ( ! au?orities & ! rigid prohibitions ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,left = s long )\t direction & guidance1 b\nd = ! sake ( _! lives to /ricte/ secrecy1 &1 above all1 n hav+ ! ,bible to enlight5 !m1 ! fai? ( ^! communities _h become v corrupt4 ,b !y /ill reta9$ a c]ta9 k ( ,god1 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! rite ( baptism & "s pray]s also surviv$4 ,( ! exi/5ce ( ^! ,*ri/ian communities1 & ! p]petuation ( _! fai? 9 secrecy = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s1 !re is n ! slighte/ room = d\bt4 ,! p]secut+ _s1 :i* _h also surviv$1 f\nd l>ge numb]s ( !m 9 #ahfg1 & m ?an #djjj :o refus$ to r5\nce _! fai? 7 bani%$4 ,aft] six ye>s ( exile !y 7 p]mitt$ to return to _! homes4 ,! mi/ake ( ! ,romani/s "h1 z else:]e1 0 9 n translat+ ! ,bible into ! v]nacul>4 ,xavi] & 8 successors did n give ! ,^w ( ,god to ! *ur*es1 & h5ce :5 ! prie/s all 7 bani%$ ! p 7 left )\t any light to guide !m4 ,_h #afb !y possess$ a ,japanese ,bible1 ! reop5+ ( ! c\ntry w\ld h %[n u1 in/ead ( a few corrupt ,*ri/ian communities1 a vigor\s1 aggressive native *ur*1 only made /rong] by p]secution4 ,su* 0 ! case 9 ,madagasc>1 & su* probably x w\ld h be5 9 ,japan _h ! p be5 giv5 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,! relative importance ( ! ,bible to ! ,romani/ & ! ,prote/ant is well %[n 9 ?is matt] ( ,bible translation4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ef=ts ( ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es 9 ,japan 0 a translation ( ! ,bible1 & an excell5t v]sion 0 prep>$ & publi%$ m ?an t5 ye>s ago4 ,! ,roman ,*ur*1 ) m ?an a c5tury ( unprec$5t$ prosp]ity 9 =m] times1 & ) ! same advantages enjoy$ by ! ,prote/ants 9 rec5t ye>s1 has n yet publi%$ its ,bible 9 ,japanese4 ,"s prie/s & native s*ol>s are n[ engag$ on a translation ( ! ,vulgate1 :i* w d\btless be publi%$ soon4 ,ev] s9ce ! op5+ ( ! c\ntry ! ,*ur* ( ,rome has be5 v e>ne/ & zeal\s 9 h] ef=ts to evangelize ?is l&4 ,%e has us$ a great _m m51 :o h labor$ h>d & fai?fully1 & has exp5d$ l>ge sums ( money4 ,h] success has n be5 great1 because %e has _h to cont5d aga9/ fe>ful odds4 ,! h9drances t h made ! progress ( #afc ,prote/ant missions 9 ?is l& v sl[ h _h to be ov]come also by ,ca?olicism1 besides "s o!r /rong militat+ influ5ces4 ,i w m5tion two ( ! mo/ important ( ^! h9drances peculi> to ,ca?olicism4 #a4 ,! g5ius ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is n adapt$ to ,japan4 ,! priority ( ! spiritual ov] ! temporal rul]1 ! exaltation ( *ur* ov] /ate1 ! allegiance requir$ to a =eign pope1 ! unqualifi$ ob$i5ce to =eign ecclesia/ical au?ority1 & num]\s o!r ?+s1 come into conflict ) ! /rong national feel+ n[ animat+ ! ,japanese1 & seem to !m to conflict ) ! great duty ( loyalty4 ,! celibacy ( ! cl]gy & ! rite ( extreme unction are also v unpopul>4 ,bo? ,ca?olicism & ,prote/antism are reg>d$ z evils1 b ! =m] is1 on acc\nt ( its nature & organization1 consid]$ ! great]4 #b4 ,! pa/ hi/ory ( ,ca?olicism 9 ,japan also militates v mu* aga9/ its progress4 ,! p recognize x z ! specific =m ( ,*ri/ianity t ! gov]nm5t1 9 =m] times1 felt b\nd1 = ! sake ( its own safety1 to p]secute to ! dea?4 ,!y _c =get t1 al?\gh "u great provocation1 x d>$ b>e its arm aga9/ ! imp]ial ,japanese gov]nm5t & inaugurate a bitt] rebellion4 ,9 _! "w to-day ! prie/s enc\nt] all ( ^! #afd objections1 & mu/ satisfactorily expla9 !m away--a difficult task4 ,b1 not)/&+1 ! ,roman ,*ur* has enjoy$ an equal degree ( prosp]ity ) ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es s9ce ! op5+ ( ,japan 9 #aheh4 ,! /ati/ics = ! ye> #ahie %[ #ej1cjb adh]5ts--ab\t #aj1jjj m ?an ! ,prote/ants4 ,b ! mann] ( compil+ /ati/ics diff]s s mu* t ^! figures d n fairly repres5t ! num]ical /r5g? ( ! two bodies4 ,! ,ca?olics n only c\nt all baptiz$ *ildr51 b all nom9al adh]5ts2 :ile ,prote/ants c\nt no nom9al adh]5ts1 & _m ( ! d5om9ations d n ev5 c\nt baptiz$ *ildr54 ,if ! same me?od ( compil+ /ati/ics 7 us$ by bo? bodies1 _! num]ical /r5g? w\ld probably appe> to be ab\t equal4 ,^! #ej1cjb adh]5ts are compris$ 9 two hundr$ & fifty congregations4 ,!re are "o hundr$ & sixty-n9e *ur*es & *apels2 "o !ological sem9>y1 ) #df pupils2 two colleges1 ) #aha pupils2 ?ree bo>d+-s*ools = girls1 ) #aga pupils2 tw5ty-six indu/rial s*ools1 ) #gfd pupils2 & =ty-"o prim>y s*ools1 ) #bibd pupils4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ is not$ = its spl5did *>ities4 ,x is do+ m to c>e = ! helpless1 ag$1 & infirm ?an all ! ,prote/ant bodies comb9$4 ,x supports 9 #afe ,japan "o hospital = lep]s t is exce$+ly popul> ) t un=tunate class4 ,! gov]nm5t has "o good lep] hospital1 b x is said t ! lep]s mu* pref] go+ to ! ,ca?olic hospital1 because !re !y are treat$ s mu* m k9dly & consid]ately4 ,!re are #gj lep]s 9 ?is ,ca?olic hospital4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has also "o hospital = ! ag$1 ) #ca inmates2 & n9ete5 orphanages1 ) #bjhj *ildr5 9 !m4 ,?is l>ge numb] ( *>itable in/itutions support$ by ! ,roman ,*ur* makes a /rong appeal to ! ,japanese public & does mu* t[>d ov]com+ ! prejudice aga9/ h]4 ,! active work+ =ce ( ! ,ca?olic mission1 besides ! lay memb]s ( ! native *ur*1 consi/s ( #a ar*bi%op1 #c bi%ops1 #hh ,european mission>ies1 #bj native prie/s1 #cjd native cate*i/s1 #be ,european fri>s1 #he ,european si/]s1 & #db novices4 ,! ar*bi%op & bi%ops reside respectively 9 ,nagasaki1 ,osaka1 ,tokyo1 & ,hakodate4 ,greek ,*ur* ,! ,greek ,*ur* has _h a fl\ri%+ mission 9 ,japan ev] s9ce #ahga4 ,x is always spok5 ( "h z ! ,greek ,*ur* or ! ,greek ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 al?\gh x w\ld m prop]ly be call$ ! ,russian ,*ur*1 #aff z x 0 f\nd$ & is support$ by ! national *ur* ( ,russia4 ,?is mission is l>gely ! result ( ! prodigi\s labors ( "o man--,bi%op ,nicolai ,kasatk94 ,he fir/ came to ,japan 9 #ahfa z *apla9 to ! ,russian consulate at ,hakodate1 b x 0 8 desire & int5tion f ! beg9n+ to d mission "w4 ,= "s ye>s he 0 s absorb$ 9 ! /udy ( ! language t he made no attempt :atev] to prea* or tea*4 ,aft] he _h be5 9 ,hakodate sev]al ye>s a ,buddhi/ prie/ :o came to revile him 0 conv]t$ ?r\gh 8 influ5ce4 ,?is man 0 ! fir/ conv]t to ! ,greek ,*ur* 9 ,japan1 & 0 baptiz$ 9 #ahff4 ,?ree ye>s aft]w>d ! second conv]t1 a physician1 0 baptiz$4 ,! zeal ( ^! conv]ts1 & ,nicolai's own consci5ce1 n[ incit$ him to ?r[ 8 :ole life & influ5ce into ! cause ( a mission 9 ,japan4 ,he 0 l$ deeply to regret t he _h n done m to make ,*ri/ kn[n to ! ,japanese1 in/ead ( giv+ all 8 "t & att5tion to s*ol>%ip & lett]s4 ,9 #ahfi he return$ to ,russia & began to agitate ! f\nd+ ( a mission 9 ,japan4 ,! ,holy ,synod gave ! desir$ p]mission ! next ye>1 & appo9t$ ,nicolai its fir/ mission>y4 ,9 #ahga ,nicolai return$ to ,japan & made 8 headqu>t]s 9 ! capital city1 ,tokyo4 ,f ?is #afg "t 8 active mission>y "w began1 & 9 x he has %[n himself a ma/]4 ,:e!r 9 ! "w ( prea*+1 translat+1 f9anci]+1 build+1 or :at n1 he has be5 director & *ief labor]4 ,9 #ahgb a new prie/1 ,anatoli by "n1 came out f ,russia & ably assi/$ ,nicolai = eighte5 ye>s1 at ! end ( :i* "t decl9+ heal? =c$ him to return4 ,nicolai aga9 return$ to ,russia 9 #ahgi1 & 0 consecrat$ bi%op ( ! ,greek ,*ur* 9 ,japan4 ,at ?is "t he began a "w :i* _h long be5 on 8 he>t1 viz41 ! collection ( funds = ! erection ( a f9e ca!dral 9 ,tokyo4 ,?is ca!dral 0 begun 9 #ahhd & complet$ 9 #ahia4 ,x is a magnific5t build+1 by f> ! f9e/ ecclesia/ical /ructure 9 ,japan4 ,x /&s on an em95ce f :i* x seems to dom9ate ! :ole city4 ,! co/ ( ?is ca!dral 0 #agg1ege1 silv]4 ,"h "o may he> ! f9e/ *oral music 9 ! empire4 ,^? :o believe x to be impossible to tra9 well ,japanese voices h b to att5d a s]vice at ?is ca!dral to h _! ideas *ang$4 ,a *oir ( sev]al hundr$ voices has be5 tra9$ to s+ 9 p]fect h>mony1 & ! music is inspir+4 ,travel]s :o h he>d ! music ( ! mo/ fam\s ca!drals & *ur*es ( ,europe & ,am]ica say t ?is w comp>e favorably ) ! be/4 ,! #afh developm5t ( music 9 ! ,greek ,*ur* ( ,japan has be5 m>vel\s4 ,! "w ( ?is *ur*1 :ile scatt]$ ov] ! :ole empire1 is *iefly c>ri$ on 9 ! cities & l>g] t[ns4 ,l ! ,roman ,*ur*1 x refuses fell[%ip ) ! v>i\s ,prote/ant bodies4 ,"s m5 ( note belong to x1 & x is to-day recogniz$ z "o ( ! influ5tial religi\s bodies4 ,a notable feature ( its "w is t x has employ$ comp>atively few =eign mission>ies4 ,! burd5 ( ! "w has be5 done by ,bi%op ,nicolai & an able body ( tra9$ native assi/ants4 ,at pres5t !re are only two =eign]s 9 connection ) x1 & !re h nev] be5 at any "t m ?an ?ree or f\r4 ,:ile =eign prie/s h be5 little us$1 sev]al ( its native prie/s h be5 educat$ abroad4 ,?is *ur* has #ba native prie/s & #aeh unorda9$ cate*i/s4 ,x is n[ conduct+ "w 9 two hundr$ & n9ete5 /ations & out/ations4 ,x has "o bo>d+-s*ool = boys1 ) #dg pupils2 "o = girls1 ) #gf pupils2 & "o !ological s*ool1 ) #ah pupils4 ,! memb]%ip at ! close ( ! ye> #ahie 0 #bb1egf1 & ! am\nt contribut$ = all purposes dur+ t ye> 0 #dged4ie4 #afi ,x ,a ,,brief ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,prote/ant ,,missions ,,9 ,,japan ,dur+ ,japan's p]iod ( seclusion1 :5 no =eign] d>$ ent] ! c\ntry ^u pa9 ( dea?1 _m godly p 7 pray+ t ,god w\ld op5 ! doors1 & "s mission bo>ds 7 wat*+ & wait+ = an opportunity to s5d ! gospel to ! ,japanese4 ,:51 9 ! ye> #ahed1 treaties 7 made ) ,we/]n p[]s1 & x became kn[n t ,japan 0 to be reop5$ to =eign int]c\rse1 great int]e/ 0 at once manife/$ by ! fri5ds ( missions 9 ! evangelization ( ?is l&4 ,?is same ye> ! ,bo>d ( ,=eign ,missions ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica reque/$ "o ( its mission>ies 9 ,*9a to visit ,japan & exam9e into ! condition ( affairs !re1 ) ! purpose ( e/abli%+ a mission4 ,at ?is "t p]man5t #agj resid5ce ( =eign]s 0 n secur$1 & x 0 d\btless = ?is reason t no progress 0 made t[>d ! e/abli%m5t ( a mission4 ,! c\ntry 0 n actually op5$ to =eign resid5ce until ! ye> #ahei1 & by ! close ( t ye> ?ree ,prote/ant mission>y societies1 quick to take advantage ( ! opportunity (f]$1 _h _! repres5tatives 9 ! field4 ,! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has ! honor ( s5d+ ! fir/ ,prote/ant mission>ies to ,japan4 ,x transf]r$ two ( its mission>ies f ,*9a1 ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,m4 ,williams & ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,ligg9s4 ,previ\s to ?is "t a few mission>ies _h made transi5t visits f ,*9a to ,kanagawa & ,nagasaki1 & f\nd opportunity to tea* elem5t>y ,engli%2 b ?is "w accompli%$ little4 ,accord+ to ! treaty ) ,engl&1 ! f\r treaty ports ( ,japan 7 op5$ ,july #a1 #ahei2 accord+ to t ) ,am]ica1 ,july #d?4 ,mr4 ,ligg9s arriv$ 9 ,nagasaki ,may #b;d1 two mon?s be=e ! actual op5+ ( ! port2 he 0 jo9$ by ,mr4 ,williams "o mon? lat]4 ,on1 ,octob] #ah? ( ! same ye> ! fir/ mission>ies ( ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,j4 ,c4 ,hepburn1 arriv$ at ,kanagawa4 ,a =tnight lat] ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,r4 ,br[n & ,d4 ,b4 ,simmons1 ,m4,d41 ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 rea*$ ,nagasaki4 #aga ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,v]beck1 also ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 rea*$ ,nagasaki "o mon? lat]4 ,?us x w be se5 t mission>ies 7 s5t "h z soon z ! c\ntry 0 op5$ to =eign resid5ce1 ! ,episcopalian1 ,presbyt]ian1 & ,re=m$ *ur*es ( ,am]ica beg9n+ ! "w almo/ simultane\sly4 ,! example set by ^! bo>ds 0 soon foll[$ by o!rs4 ,! ,am]ican ,bapti/s began ! "w 9 #ahfj1 ! ,am]ican ,bo>d 7,congregationali/7 9 #ahfi1 & ! ,am]ican ,me?odi/s 9 #ahgc4 ,f "t to "t o!r bo>ds also s5t repres5tatives4 ,al?\gh ! c\ntry 0 n[ op5 to =eign resid5ce1 x 0 by no means op5 to ! propagation ( ! =eign religion4 ,all t ! mission>ies c\ld d 0 to /udy ! language & tea* ,engli%4 ,9 ?is e>ly p]iod _m ( !m f\nd employm5t 9 ! s*ools ( ! v>i\s daimios & 9 ^? ( ! national gov]nm5t4 ,! fir/ ye>s 7 v try+ ones4 ,! mission>ies 7 9 imm95t dang] ( _! lives2 attacks )\t ei!r provocation or w>n+ 7 v common4 ,=eign]s1 & especially ^? :o want$ to tea* ! =eign religion1 7 ev]y:]e bitt]ly hat$4 ,! lordly samurai walk$ ab\t ) two %>p swords /uck into 8 belt1 & 8 v look 0 #agb ?reat5+4 ,at _! h\ses & :5 !y walk$ abroad =eign]s _h special gu>ds provid$ !m by ! gov]nm5t4 ,great difficulty 0 at fir/ exp]i5c$ by ! mission>ies 9 employ+ tea*]s1 because ( ! suspicion 9 :i* =eign]s 7 held4 ,^? :o f9ally agre$ to tea* 7 aft]w>d f\nd to be gov]nm5t spies4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 /ill confess$ly ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity z late z #ahfi4 ,%ortly be=e ?is "t "s ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians :o _h be5 f\nd ar\nd ,nagasaki 7 torn f _! homes & s5t away into exile4 ,! sale ( ,*ri/ian books 0 rigidly prohibit$4 ,! prohibitions aga9/ ,*ri/ianity 7 /ill po/$ ov] all ! empire1 & 7 rigidly en=c$4 ,if a conv]sation on religi\s subjects 0 begun ) a ,japanese 8 h& w\ld involunt>ily grasp 8 ?roat1 indicat+ ! extreme p]il\sness ( su* a topic4 ,! foll[+ /ory %[s :at native ,*ri/ians _h to endure 9 "s p>ts ( ,japan z late z #ahga4 ,mr4 ,o4 ,h4 ,gulick1 :ile at ,kob1 _h a tea*]1 =m]ly ,dr4 ,gre5e's tea*]1 call$ ,i*ikawa ,ye9osuke4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> nam$ ?is man & 8 wife 7 arre/$ at dead ( night & ?r[n into prison4 ,he _h = "s "t be5 an e>ne/ /ud5t ( ! ,bible1 & _h express$ ! desire to receive #agc baptism1 b _h n be5 baptiz$4 ,8 wife 0 n !n reg>d$ z a ,*ri/ian4 ,e ef=t 0 made to secure 8 release2 b nei!r ! private reque/s ( ! mission>ies1 nor ! k9dly (fices ( ! ,am]ican consul1 nor ev5 ^? ( ! ,am]ican m9i/]1 avail$ any?+4 ,ev5 8 place ( conf9em5t 0 n kn[n at ! "t4 ,x 0 at l5g? le>n$ t he _h be5 conf9$ 9 ,kyoto1 & _h di$ !re ,novemb] #be1 #ahgb4 ,8 wife 0 %ortly aft]w>d releas$4 ,%e is n[ a memb] ( ! ,%9sakurada *ur* 9 ,tokyo4 ,at ?is e>ly p]iod no di/9ction 0 made betwe5 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity1 & bo? 7 alike hat$4 ,!re 0 no opportunity to d direct ,*ri/ian "w1 & _m ( ! support]s ( missions at home 7 beg9n+ to d\bt ! exp$i5cy ( keep+ mission>ies :]e !y 7 n p]mitt$ to "w4 ,"s bo>ds ev5 contemplat$ recall+ _! m54 ,b ! mission>ies 7 p]mitt$ to rema9 & await _! opportunity1 :i* soon came4 ,) ! gradual op5+ ( ! c\ntry1 & especially ) ! dissem9ation ( a k ( =eign nations & _! fai?1 ! opportunities = "w m & m increas$ & ! old prohibitions 7 less & less en=c$4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( =c$ inactivity ! mission>ies 7 busily engag$ 9 a /udy ( ! #agd language & 9 ! writ+ ( v>i\s useful books & tracts4 ,at fir/ ,*9ese ,bibles & o!r ,*ri/ian books 7 ext5sively us$1 ! educat$ classes read+ ,*9ese ) facility4 ,! fir/ religi\s tract publi%$ 9 ,japanese appe>$ 9 #ahfg4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ! lit]>y productions ( ! mission>y body1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,hepburn's ,japanese-,engli% & ,engli%-,japanese ,diction>y1 appe>$ 9 ?is same ye>4 ,x 0 a s*ol>ly "w1 ! result ( _m ye>s ( h>d1 p]sev]+ labor4 ,! fir/ edition 0 spe$ily exhau/$1 & a second 0 issu$ 9 #ahgb4 ,! translation ( ! ,holy ,scriptures 0 also begun & gott5 well "u way 9 ?is p]iod4 ,sev]al sep>ate portions ( ! ,scriptures f "t to "t appe>$4 ,! fir/ 0 ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 translat$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,goble1 ( ! ,bapti/ mission1 & publi%$ 9 #ahga4 ,dr4 ,s4 ,r4 ,br[n _h previ\sly prep>$ fir/ drafts ( "s portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b un=tunately !y 7 de/roy$ by fire4 ,translations ( ,m>k & ,john1 by ,drs4 ,br[n & ,hepburn1 7 publi%$ 9 #ahgb4 ,?is irregul>1 piecemeal me?od ( translation 0 n satisfactory2 s 9 ord] to exp$ite ! "w1 & to elicit an active int]e/ 9 x on ! "p ( all ! mission>ies 9 ! c\ntry1 a conv5tion on ,bible translation 0 call$ to meet #age 9 ,yokohama on ,septemb] #bj1 #ahgb4 ,z a result ( ?is conv5tion ! ,translation ,committee 0 organiz$4 ,at fir/ x consi/$ ( ,drs4 ,br[n1 ,hepburn1 & ,gre5e4 ,o!r names 7 aft]w>d add$4 ,?is committee 0 ably assi/$ 9 its "w by prom95t ,japanese ,*ri/ian s*ol>s4 ,! great und]tak+ 0 br\ght to a successful conclusion 9 #ahhj1 :5 an edition ( ! :ole ,bible 0 publi%$ 9 excell5t ,japanese4 ,we h anticipat$ matt]s some:at4 ,let u n[ g back a few ye>s & take up ! ?read :]e we left (f4 ,! "w ( ! mission>ies = a long "t 0 fruitless1 b ! day ( reap+ 0 ne>4 ,! fir/ ,prote/ant conv]t ( ,japan 0 baptiz$ 9 ,yokohama by ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,ballagh1 9 #ahfd4 ,two ye>s lat] ,dr4 ,v]beck baptiz$ two prom95t m5 9 s\!rn ,japan4 ,9 #ahff ,bi%op ,williams1 ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 baptiz$ "o conv]t4 ,:o c tell ! joy ( ^! mission>ies :51 aft] s _m ye>s ( h>d "w1 !y 7 p]mitt$ to see ^! preci\s fruits8 ,f "t to "t o!rs 7 baptiz$1 b = _m ye>s accessions 7 r>e4 ,! fir/ *ur* 0 organiz$ 9 ,yokohama 9 #ahgb4 ,x 0 left to draft its own con/itution & *ur* gov]nm5t1 & 0 a v lib]al body4 ,dur+ all ?is "t ! prohibitions ( #agf ,*ri/ianity 7 /ill po/$ ov] all ! l&1 & ! gov]nm5t _h nev] (ficially r5\nc$ its policy ( p]secution4 ,b ! infr+em5t ( ! laws 0 p]mitt$1 & gradually !y became a dead lett]4 ,_m ,japanese ( influ5ce & ( (ficial position travel$ abroad1 & le>n+ ( ! /atus ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! c\ntries ( ! ,we/1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! attitude ( ! *ief nations ( ! _w t[>d ! p]secution ( ,*ri/ians1 ex]t$ _! influ5ce to h ^! prohibitions resc9d$4 ,especially did ! /rong /& tak5 by "s ,we/]n gov]nm5ts influ5ce ,japan 9 favor ( tol]ation4 ,our own ,secret>y ( ,/ate 9 ,wa%+ton pla9ly in=m$ ! ,japanese committee !n visit+ !re t ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\ld n reg>d z a fri5dly p[] any nation t p]secut$ its ,*ri/ian subjects4 ,z a result ( v>i\s influ5ces1 ! edicts aga9/ ,*ri/ianity 7 remov$ f ! signbo>ds 9 #ahgc4 ,?is 0 an ev5t ( ! utmo/ importance to ,*ri/ian "w1 =1 al?\gh ! infr+em5t ( ! edicts _h be5 = "s "t w9k$ at1 _! v exi/5ce be=e ! eyes ( ! p _h a great det]r+ effect4 ,! gov]nm5t ann\nc$ t ?is action did n signify t ! prohibition ( ,*ri/ianity 0 n[ abrogat$4 ,x decl>$ t ! edicts 7 remov$ because _! subject-matt]1 #agg hav+ be5 s long be=e ! eyes ( ! p1 0 suffici5tly impr9t$ on _! m9ds4 ,& yet _! removal convey$ ! idea to ! p at l>ge t lib]ty ( consci5ce 0 h5ce=? to be all[$1 & ?is virtually prov$ to be s4 ,p]secutions ceas$ & ! "w 0 all[$ to g on untrammel$4 ,! object = :i* ! *ur* abroad _h wait$ & pray$1 & = :i* ! mission>ies on ! gr\nd _h long$ & labor$1 0 at la/ realiz$4 ,joy & hope fill$ ! he>ts ( ! work]s4 ,! cause ( missions _h receiv$ a new & p[]ful impulse1 :i* ere long made itself felt 9 a wide enl>gem5t ( its op]ations4 ,! "w n[ w5t on mu* m rapidly4 ,soon a great pro-=eign s5tim5t sprang up4 ,) ! rapid adoption ( ,we/]n civilization !re grew up n only a tol]ation1 b an actual desire = ! ,we/]n religion4 ,x became r fa%ionable to confess ,*ri/4 ,"s /atesm5 ev5 w5t s f> z to advocate z a matt] ( policy ! adoption ( ,*ri/ianity z ! /ate religion4 ,9 ?is happy "t ,*ri/ian s*ools1 :i* _h sprung up l mu%rooms ov] all ! l&1 7 fill$ ) eag] /ud5ts2 ! *ur*es & *apels 7 cr[d$ ) int]e/$ li/5]s2 & l>ge numb]s 7 annually add$ to ! *ur*4 #agh ,b ! p5dulum _h swung too f>4 ,ab\t #ahhh a reaction set 91 caus$ l>gely by ! impati5ce ( ! ,japanese at ! refusal ( ,we/]n nations to revise ! treaties on a basis ( equality4 ,a /rong nationalism ass]t$ itself4 ,ev]y?+ =eign 0 br\ght into disrepute4 ,*ri/ianity 0 fr[n$ ^u z a =eign religion1 & ! old native religions aga9 came into favor4 ,att5dance at ,*ri/ian s*ools fell (f almo/ fifty p] c5t42 ! *ur*es & *apels became empty2 & few names 7 add$ to ! *ur* rolls4 ,a sift+ process began :i* v mu* r$uc$ ! memb]%ip4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity 0 popul> _m _h ha/ily & z a matt] ( policy jo9$ ! *ur*es1 :o 9 ?is "t ( disfavor fell away4 ,?is reaction>y feel+ has la/$ un9t]rupt$ly d[n to ! pres5t1 & 9 rec5t ye>s ! losses num]ically h almo/ equal$ ! ga9s4 ,?is reaction has 9 "s respects work$ good to ! *ur*es4 ,! =m] gr[? 0 too rapid4 ,_m unconv]t$ m5 came into ! bosom ( ! *ur*4 ,su* h fall5 away2 ! *ur* has be5 prun$ ( h] old dead bran*es1 & is n[ a liveli]1 heal?i] body4 ,9 ! judgm5t ( "s1 ?is reaction>y p]iod is n[ on ! decl9e4 ,! rec5t gr[? & progress ( ,japan h be5 recogniz$ by ! ,we/2 treaty revision on a basis ( equality has #agi be5 grant$ h]1 & ! cause :i* br\ght ab\t ! reaction has ?us be5 l>gely remov$4 ,= ^! reasons we may look = a gradual break+ d[n ( ! prejudice & opposition t[>d =eign in/itutions & religion1 ?\gh su* a pro-=eign wave z swept ! c\ntry dur+ ! eighties w n probably be exp]i5c$ aga94 ,9 ord] to give a correct idea ( ! "w n[ be+ done by ! v>i\s missions 9 ,japan1 ,x w be well to give a %ort sket* ( ea* "o sep>ately4 ,we w consid] !m 9 ! ord] ( _! size & influ5ce4 ,am]ican ,bo>d ,mission ,?is mission is conduct$ by ! ,am]ican ,bo>d ( ,commission]s = ,=eign ,missions 7organiz$ on an und5om9ational basis1 b n[ ,congregational71 & has met ) great success4 ,begun 9 #ahfi1 x is y\ng] ?an ei!r ! ,episcopalian1 ,re=m$1 ,presbyt]ian1 or ,bapti/ missions1 b has ex]t$ a great] influ5ce ?an any ( !m4 ,x has = ye>s enjoy$ ! di/9ction ( hav+ m adh]5ts ?an any o!r ,*ri/ian body at "w "h4 ,b !re has be5 a l>ge fall+ (f 9 its memb]%ip1 & dur+ ! pa/ ye> or s v few new names h be5 add$ to its rolls4 ,at ! #ahj close ( #ahie ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ,japan 7,presbyt]ian7 0 only ab\t #fb memb]s beh9d ?is body1 & by ! close ( #ahif w 9 all probability be ahead4 ,?is mission 0 especially =tunate 9 rea*+ a weal?y1 influ5tial class ( p1 :i* has giv5 x a position & pre/ige sup]ior to ! o!r missions4 ,9 ! numb] ( self-support+ native *ur*es x has l$ all o!r d5om9ations4 ,! fir/ mission>ies ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d to ,japan 7 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,gre5e4 ,!y arriv$ 9 ,yokohama ,novemb] #cj1 #ahfi1 &1 ) ! usual int]missions = re/1 h labor$ "h cont9u\sly s9ce t "t4 ,?ree ye>s lat] ! ,rev4 ,o4 ,h4 ,gulick & wife1 & ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,d4 ,davis & wife1 jo9$ ! mission4 ,s9ce t "t ! numb] ( mission>ies has be5 rapidly increas$ until n[ x rea*es #gd4 ,! memb]%ip ( ! native *ur* is ab\t #aa1afb4 ,!re are #fj orda9$ native m9i/]s & #ed unorda9$4 ,!re are f\r bo>d+-s*ools = girls1 ) #hfc /ud5ts4 ,! mo/ advanc$ ( ^! is ! ,girls' ,s*ool ( ,kob1 ) a curriculum z high z t ( mo/ female colleges 9 ,am]ica4 ,!re is also "o s*ool = ! tra9+ ( ,bible-wom54 ,! *ief educational in/itution ( ?is body is ! ,do%i%a ,univ]sity1 9 ,kyoto4 ,?is #aha s*ool is l>gely ! result ( ! labors ( ,dr4 ,neesima1 easily ! fir/ ,*ri/ian prea*] & tea*] ,japan has yet produc$4 ,x is a l>ge s*ool1 beautifully locat$ & well h\s$4 ,la/ ye> only #cbj /ud5ts 7 9 att5dance1 a great decl9e f =m] ye>s4 ,un=tunately ?is in/itution does n n[ ex]t ! positive influ5ce = ,*ri/ianity t x =m]ly did4 ,high] criticism & speculative philosophy h l>gely supplant$ ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,! s*ool is n[ entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! tru/ees 7all natives71 & ! mission has no control ov] x :atev]4 ,rec5tly all ( ! mission>ies ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d :o 7 s]v+ z pr(essors 9 ! ,do%i%a h1 because ( dissatisfaction ) ! policy ( ! s*ool au?orities1 resign$4 ,! tru/ees affirm t x is _! int5tion to keep ! s*ool /rictly ,*ri/ian1 b !y refuse to def9e ! t]m ,*ri/ian4 ,su* vital matt]s z ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ & ! immortality ( ! s\l are n positively affirm$4 ,! rationalism :i* has emanat$ f ?is s*ool has p]haps done z mu* 9 rec5t ye>s to imp$e ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity z any o!r "o cause4 ,x is v sad to see an in/itution1 built up at great exp5se by beque/s ( e>ne/ ,*ri/ian p1 int5d$ by its f\nd] to lead ! evangelical ,*ri/ianity ( ?is c\ntry1 ?us turn$ aside f its orig9al purpose4 #ahb ,we tru/ t a gradual gr[? ( a deep] ,*ri/ian consci\sness & a m positive fai? 9 ! he>ts ( ! tru/ees & pr(essors may yet lead !m to make ( ?is s*ool a positive =ce = evangelical ,*ri/ianity4 ,! mission ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d has exp]i5c$ m tr\ble 9 rec5t ye>s ?an any o!r1 especially 9 ! attempt prop]ly to adju/ ! relations betwe5 ! native & =eign work]s1 & 9 ! matt] ( mission prop]ty4 ,mo/ ( ! valuable prop]ty ( ! mission has pass$ into native h&s1 & 9 "s in/ances has be5 p]v]t$ f its orig9al purpose4 ,! mission>ies are reg>d$ ) jeal\sy by _m 9 ! native *ur*2 !y are entirely exclud$ f ! *ur* c\ncils1 & are be+ gradually pu%$ out ( ! mo/ important positions1 & _! places fill$ ) ,japanese4 ,x is a "q j h[ f> ! policy adopt$ by ?is mission f ! beg9n+ is to blame = ?is un=tunate /ate ( affairs4 ,?is policy has be5 to pu% ! native work]s to ! front1 to give !m ! important positions1 & to all[ !m p]fect fre$om 9 all *ur* matt]s4 ,z a consequ5ce1 t :i* 0 at fir/ grant$ z a concession is n[ dem&$ z a "r4 ,z a tea*] 9 "o ( _! own s*ools has comically put x1 ! mission said 9 ! beg9n+--9 ,japanese phraseology--to ! native bre?r51 #ahc ,please honorably condesc5d to take ! fir/ place1 & !y are j do+ :at !y 7 bidd5 to d4 ,o!r bo>ds1 ) a diff]5t policy1 h f>$ bett]4 ,! ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,japan1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ active1 vigor\s bodies at "w "h1 is gov]n$ by =eign bi%ops1 & ne>ly all ! positions ( importance are fill$ by =eign mission>ies1 & yet ! relations betwe5 ! native & =eign work]s are1 on ! :ole1 cordial & h>moni\s4 ,! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* is gov]n$ by =eign bi%ops1 & ne>ly all ! presid+ eld]s are =eign mission>ies1 yet complete h>mony prevails betwe5 ! native & ! =eign m9i/ry4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*1 ) a policy some:at resembl+ ! ,congregational1 is enc\nt]+ ! same difficulties 9 a mild] =m4 ,^! facts seem to indicate t1 at lea/ 9 "p1 ! policy ( ! mission is itself responsible = ! position 9 :i* x n[ f9ds itself4 ,b 9 ne>ly e mission field1 z soon z a /rong native *ur* is develop$1 misund]/&+s & friction betwe5 ! native & =eign work]s h aris54 ,que/ions reg>d+ ! position ( ! native *ur* & its relation to ! =eign bo>ds & mission>ies almo/ inevitably arise4 ,!re=e :at ! ,am]ican ,bo>d has enc\nt]$ may be p>tially enc\nt]$ by all z soon z a /rong] native *ur* is #ahd develop$4 ,p]haps ! national *>act]i/ics ( ! p are to "s ext5t responsible also = ?is tr\ble & friction4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ,japan ,?is body repres5ts an attempt at *ur* union on a l>ge scale4 ,x is compos$ ( all ! ,presbyt]ian & ,re=m$ *ur*es work+ 9 ,japan4 ,^! are ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 ! ,unit$ ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7,s\?71 ! ,woman's ,union ,mission>y ,society1 & ! ,cumb]l& ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,all ( ^! bodies are engag$ 9 build+ up "o & ! same native *ur*--! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ,japan4 ,yet ea* has its own field & is do+ its own individual "w4 ,! gr[? & success ( ?is body h be5 ph5om5al4 ,x has #aa1ajj memb]s1 #fj orda9$ native m9i/]s1 #aac unorda9$ cate*i/s1 & #adf mission>ies4 ,its lead+ educational in/itution is ! ,meiji ,gaku91 9 ,tokyo1 ) bo? an academic & a !ological dep>tm5t4 ,?is is a l>ge1 well-equipp$ s*ool1 ) a good faculty4 ,9 connection ) ?is ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ !re #ahe is a good academic & !ological s*ool 9 ,nagasaki1 kn[n z ,/eele ,college1 & support$ by ! ,dut* ,re=m$ & ,s\!rn ,presbyt]ian missions4 ,?is s*ool is z ?or\ghly evangelical & positive 9 its tea*+s z any to be f\nd 9 ,japan4 ,!re are besides ^! five bo>d+-s*ools = boys1 ) #cgf /ud5ts1 & sixte5 bo>d+-s*ools = girls1 ) #gie pupils4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! l& & are do+ a good "w4 ,x is likely t ?is *ur* w take ! lead 9 ! future4 ,me?odi/ ,*ur*es ,!re are five bran*es ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur* at "w1 namely1 ! ,am]ican ,me?odi/ ,episcopal1 ! ,canadian ,me?odi/ ,episcopal1 ! ,evangelical ,association ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ! ,me?odi/ ,prote/ant1 & ! ,am]ican ,me?odi/ ,episcopal 7,s\?74 ,!re is no organic union betwe5 ^! bodies1 b h>mony & frat]nity prevail4 ,ef=ts at union h be5 made "t & aga91 b h be5 z yet unsuccessful4 ,we hope ! future ,me?odi/ ,*ur* ( ,japan w be a unit$ body4 ,at pres5t ea* "o ( ^! diff]5t bodies supports its own s*ools2 _! effici5cy is ?us #ahf impair$1 & great loss ( m51 "t1 & money entail$4 ,9 ! :ole ,me?odi/ ,*ur* !re are five boys' bo>d+-s*ools1 ) #cbi s*ol>s2 sixte5 girls' bo>d+-s*ools1 ) #igj s*ol>s2 & five !ological s*ools1 ) #fj /ud5ts4 ,!re are #adc mission>ies1 #aae native m9i/]s1 #aaf cate*i/s1 & #gfgh memb]s4 ,! ,me?odi/ missions h _h a rapid1 sub/antial gr[? & are ex]t+ a /rong influ5ce4 ,!y surpass all o!r bodies 9 annual contributions p] memb]1 & ,i ?9k x may be said t ! native ,me?odi/ *ur*es h %[n less ( self-seek+ & m ( self-sacrifice ?an ! o!rs4 ,! emotional "* ( ,me?odism adapts x to ! ta/e ( ! p4 ,episcopalians ,! five bran*es ( ?is *ur* work+ 9 ,japan are labor+ unit$ly = ! e/abli%m5t ( "o native *ur*1 call$ ,nippon ,sei ,kokwai4 ,^! five bodies are ! ,am]ican ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society 7,engli%71 ! ,society = ! ,propagation ( ! ,gospel 7,engli%71 ! ,wyclif ,college ,mission 7,canada71 & ! ,engli% ,*ur* 9 ,canada4 ,! unit$ body has #adi mission>ies1 #cj native m9i/]s1 #abd unorda9$ help]s1 & #eeee communicant memb]s4 #ahg ,?is *ur* conducts five bo>d+-s*ools = boys1 ) #afi s*ol>s2 eight bo>d+-s*ools = girls1 ) #bfc s*ol>s2 & f\r !ological s*ools1 ) #eb /ud5ts4 ,?is body has done a great deal ( h>d1 sub/antial "w1 & has enjoy$ a fair degree ( ! popul> favor4 ,dur+ ^! late reaction>y ye>s1 :5 o!r missions h made little progress1 its gr[? has cont9u$ un9t]rupt$ly4 ,! ,nippon ,sei ,kokwai is presid$ ov] by five bi%ops1 f\r ( :om are ,engli% & "o ,am]ican4 ,two are locat$ 9 ,tokyo1 "o 9 ,hokkaido1 "o 9 ,osaka1 & "o 9 ,nagasaki4 ,bapti/s ,!re are f\r ,bapti/ societies do+ mission "w 9 ,japan3 ! ,bapti/ ,mission>y ,union 7,unit$ ,/ates71 ! ,disciples ( ,*ri/1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ( ,am]ica1 & ! ,s\!rn ,bapti/ ,conv5tion4 ,!re is no organic union betwe5 !m1 b ! fir/- & la/-nam$ bodies "w toge!r4 ,! f\r bodies unit$ly h #ib mission>ies1 #ad native m9i/]s1 #fh native cate*i/s1 & #bcbg memb]s4 ,!y h "o bo>d+-s*ool = boys1 ) #ad /ud5ts2 six bo>d+-s*ools = girls1 ) #bje /ud5ts2 & two !ological s*ools1 ) #ba /ud5ts4 #ahh ,! ,bapti/ mission>ies labor+ 9 ,japan are an able1 h>d-work+1 evangelical body ( m51 & !re are "s good1 /rong native ,bapti/ m9i/]s4 ,lu!rans ,! ,lu!ran ,*ur* began mission "w 9 ,japan only f\r ye>s ago1 & z yet h] mission is small4 ,x is support$ by ! ,unit$ ,synod ( ! ,evangelical ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ! ,s\? 7,unit$ ,/ates74 ,! ,lu!ran ,*ur* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has occupi$ a peculi> position4 ,a l>ge p] c5t4 ( ! emigrants f ! ,old ,_w are ( ,lu!ran antec$5ts4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( !m h come ov] & settl$ 9 ! ,we/1 & ! en]gies ( ! ,am]ican ,lu!ran ,*ur* h be5 l>gely exp5d$ 9 c>+ = ^! unh\s$ & un%eph]d$ %eep ( h] own flock4 ,x seems t ,provid5ce has allott$ to h] ?is special "w4 ,no o!r *ur* 9 ,am]ica is c>ry+ on home mission "w on s l>ge a scale1 among s _m diff]5t nationalities1 & 9 s _m languages4 ,because ( ! great home mission "w t has naturally fall5 into h] h&s & dem&$ h] m5 & money %e has n engag$ 9 =eign "w z ext5sively z "s o!r ,am]ican bodies4 ,& yet ! ,am]ican cont+5t ( ?is old #ahi "m *ur* ( ,prote/antism has a =eign-mission record ( :i* %e is n a%am$4 ,%e has support$ = _m ye>s a mission on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa1 at ,muhl5b]g1 t is by univ]sal cons5t ! mo/ successful mission 9 ,we/ ,africa4 ,%e is also support+ two l>ge & successful missions 9 ,india4 ,! ,lu!ran mission 9 ,japan 0 begun z a v5ture4 ,! aft] developm5t ( ! "w has amply ju/ifi$ ! wisdom ( ! und]tak+4 ,x is n ! purpose ( ! ,lu!ran ,*ur* to antagonize any ( ! bodies n[ at "w 9 ,japan1 b r to /&1 amid all ! doctr9al unre/ *>act]i/ic ( ,japanese ,*ri/ianity1 = pure doctr9e1 z %e has always done4 ,x is h] purpose to tea* a positive1 evangelical ,*ri/ianity4 ,! work+ =ce ( ! mission consi/s ( #b mission>ies & _! wives1 #b native help]s1 & #a ,bible-woman4 ,! field occupi$ is small4 ,!re is only "o /ation1 & t is 9 ! city ( ,saga1 on ! isl& ( ,kyu%u4 ,mu* "w is done 9 ! surr\nd+ villages & t[ns f ,saga z a c5t]4 ,x is n ! purpose ( ?is mission to use l>ge numb]s ( m5 & great quantities ( money1 z "s o!rs h done4 ,x purposes work+ int5sively r ?an ext5sively4 ,x attempts to devote all ( its "t to evangeli/ic "w1 & does n engage 9 #aij educational "w fur!r ?an !ological in/ruction4 ,al?\gh ! mission>ies came to ,japan 9 #ahib1 ! /ation 0 n op5$ until #ahic4 ,s9ce t "t ab\t #ee conv]ts h be5 baptiz$4 ,!re are num]\s small ,*ri/ian bodies at "w1 su* z ! ,sc&9avian ,japan ,alliance1 ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 ! ,int]national ,mission>y ,alliance1 ! ,hephzibah ,fai? ,mission>y ,association1 & ! ,salvation ,army4 ,!re are also ?ree lib]al bodies work+ "h1 g5]ally class$ z unevangelical3 ! ,evangelical ,prote/ant ,mission>y ,society1 ! ,univ]sali/ mission1 & ! ,unit>ian mission4 ,! ,engli% & ,am]ican ,bible & tract societies h ably second$ ^! mission>y bodies by ! circulation ( l>ge numb]s ( ,bibles1 tracts1 & v>i\s k9ds ( ,*ri/ian books4 ,! value ( _! "w c h>dly be e/imat$4 ,! ,am]ican ,bible ,society1 ! ,national ,bible ,society ( ,scotl&1 ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society1 ! ,am]ican ,tract ,society1 & ! ,london ,religi\s ,tract ,society h all _h a "p 9 ! "w4 ,su* is a brief enum]ation ( ! ,*ri/ian =ces at "w 9 ,japan4 ,) s l>ge a body ( consecrat$ work]s & s mu* mission>y #aia ma*9]y1 x seems t ! "w ( evangelization ought to g on rapidly4 ,a great deal has already be5 accompli%$1 z ! figures giv5 above %[4 ,a native *ur* ( #dj1jjj p is no mean prize2 b ?is is only ! smalle/ "p ( ! "w ( ! missions4 ,!y h creat$ a ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 dissem9at$ a c]ta9 k ( ! gospel among ! p1 & 9 a hundr$ diff]5t ways indirectly influ5c$ ! life ( ?is nation4 ,japanese missions h be5 a brilliant success4 #aib ,,xi ,,qualifications ,,= ,,mission ,,"w ,,9 ,,japan ,= mission "w1 z = e o!r call+ 9 life1 "s m5 are naturally adapt$1 o!rs are n4 ,^? by nature fitt$ = ! "w w 9 all probability h a reasonable degree ( success1 :ile no am\nt ( zeal or spiritual f]vor c make successful ^? n s fitt$4 ,x is true to a l>ge ext5t t mission>ies are born1 n made4 ,h[ important x becomes1 !n1 t mission bo>ds & societies %\ld c>efully consid] ! qualifications ( all applicants be=e !y are s5t to ! mission field6 ,h[ necess>y x is = all ^? contemplat+ "w 9 c]ta9 fields1 be=e (f]+ _! s]vices to ! bo>ds1 to exam9e :e!r _! qualifications are su* z to ju/ify an expectation ( a reasonable degree ( success 9 ^? fields6 ,= ! b5efit ( ! v>i\s mission>y #aic societies t are annually *oos+ & s5d+ out new m5 to ,japan1 z well z = ! advantage ( ^? :o contemplate (f]+ !mselves = "w 9 ?is field1 ,i w put d[n a few ?\ghts on ! necess>y qualifications = successful mission "w "h4 ,^! may be r\ghly classifi$ z physical1 spiritual1 & m5tal4 ,,physical ,,qualifications4--,i reg>d physical qualifications z ( supreme importance4 ,_m ( my read]s w ?9k t ! spiritual %\ld prec$e ! physical1 b ) ?is op9ion ,i d n agree4 ,heal? is absolutely ess5tial to successful "w2 deep spirituality1 :ile greatly to be desir$1 is n s ess5tial4 ,_m m5 h fail$ on ! field & h be5 =c$ to )draw because ( a lack ( physical qualifications1 :ile few h fail$ = lack ( spiritual qualifications4 ,i ?9k x is true t "y m5 :o :5 9 college & sem9>y appe> to be almo/ consum$ ) mission>y zeal & en?usiasm1 :o are po9t$ out z examples 9 spirituality1 & :o are burn+ ) a desire to get into ! =eign field1 d n make z good mission>ies z "s o!rs4 ,m5 :o pl$ge !mselves 9 y\?1 & :o1 actuat$ by a wild en?usiasm1 :i* has m zeal ?an k1 urge !mselves ^u ! mission bo>ds1 d n d z good "w z ^? *os5 #aid by ! bo>ds !mselves1 :o may nev] h consid]$ s]i\sly =eign "w be=e ! call 0 ext5d$ to !m4 ,en?usiasm & zeal are good ?+s 9 _! place1 b !y are apt to lead m5 to extremes4 ,p :o ent] mission "w simply because !y are fill$ ) a burn+ en?usiasm & zeal are n likely to /ay z long or "w z well z ^? :o ent] ^u ! "w ) m hesitation1 aft] c>eful delib]ation & a c\nt+ ( ! co/4 ,wallace ,taylor1 ,m4,d41 ( ,osaka1 ,japan1 himself an exp]i5c$ mission>y ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d1 says3 ,i %\ld advise t m5 be *os5 = _! physical & m5tal adaptation & ability r ?an = _! burn+ zeal = ! =eign "w4 ,to ma9ta9 heal? & be a successful mission>y a man mu/ possess m judgm5t ?an en?usiasm & m discretion ?an zeal4 ,en?usiasm & zeal are good qualities 9 a mission>y1 b to ^! y mu/ add t :i* is bett]--judgm5t1 wisdom1 & self-control4 ,! burn+ fire %ut up 9 ! bones1 t _c be controll$1 only consumes vital en]gies & spe$ily produces fail+ heal?4 ,we ne$ m5 :o c /& & face ! :ite h>ve/ & ! _m calls to "w1 & yet ) cool delib]ation pres]ve _! /r5g? = future "w4 ,we want m5 s5t = _! cool delib]ation & self-control r ?an = _! #aie burn+ zeal & en?usiasm4 ,we ne$ m5 :o are intellect r ?an a bundle ( n]ves4 ,a n]v\s1 excitable1 uneasy p]son w fret & we> himself out 9 f six mon?s to ?ree ye>s 9 ,japan4 ,x is desirable1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! mission>y be a s\nd physical man4 ,no "o %\ld be accept$ by a mission bo>d = "w 9 ,japan :o _c secure a policy 9 a reliable life-insurance company1 & x w\ld be well if ! m$ical exam9ation 7 made by an exam9] = su* company4 ,! exam9ations made by a physician appo9t$ by ! mission bo>ds are usually m]e f>ces1 = ! desire to g z a mission>y frequ5tly cov]s up _m physical weaknesses & prev5ts a ?or\gh exam9ation4 ,! exam9ation %\ld !re=e be made by a dis9t]e/$ m$ical man1 :o w n be influ5c$ by su* motives4 ,x seems h>d to subject c&idates = mission "w to su* rigid exam9ations1 & p]haps refuse to s5d !m because ( "s small physical defect2 b ! int]e/s ( ! "w make x imp]ative4 ,o!rwise ! "y mission>y w1 9 all probability1 break d[n & h to g home 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s1 be=e he has be5 able to d any active "w4 ,! exp]im5t w h co/ ! bo>d a l>ge am\nt ( money & a loss ( sev]al ye>s1 & ! #aif mission>y "s ( ! be/ ye>s ( 8 life1 probably mak+ ( him an incurable invalid4 ,9 s s]i\s a matt] z ?is ! bo>ds _c af=d to be sway$ by s5tim5t4 ,no?+ b s\nd bus9ess pr9ciples %\ld be foll[$4 ,! same physical requirem5ts %\ld be made = ! woman z = ! man4 ,%e1 too1 %\ld be subject$ to a m$ical exam9ation1 & any s]i\s defect 9 h] con/itution %\ld cause h] imm$iate rejection4 ,x seems h>d to subject ! wife to ?is te/1 z %e is n a mission>y 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 & to _m ! requirem5t w be di/a/eful2 b = _! protection1 & = a judici\s use ( consecrat$ funds1 ! bo>ds %\ld require x4 ,a little ?\ght w %[ t ! failure ( ! wife's heal? is j z disa/r\s = ! mission z ! failure ( h] husb&'s4 ,x cripples 8 effici5cy :ile on ! field1 & ultimately drives him home4 ,mo/ bo>ds op]at+ 9 ,japan h n made ?is requirem5t1 & z a consequ5ce _m mission>ies' wives are 9 poor heal?1 & z _m m5 h _h to return home because ( ! failure ( _! wives' heal? z = any o!r "o cause4 ,! mission bo>ds %\ld n appo9t too "y m5 to "w 9 ,japan4 ,x is well kn[n t "y m5 _c endure s well z old] ones *ange ( climate & h>d "w4 ,^? #aig :o are physically & m5tally immature w v probably be unable to be> ! /ra94 ,9 g5]al1 no "o %\ld be s5t out "u tw5ty-five ye>s ( age1 & x w\ld be saf] if all :o came _h atta9$ ! age ( ?irty4 ,aga9/ ?is x is argu$ t a "y p]son w acquire ! language m readily ?an an old] "o1 & ?is is d\btless true4 ,b heal? is ( fir/ importance4 ,,spiritual ,,qualifications4--,al?\gh ,i consid] spiritual qualifications aft] physical ones1 ,i nev]!less reg>d !m z ( great importance4 ,x is highly desirable t e mission>y be a deeply spiritual man1 fully consecrat$ to ! cause ( ,*ri/4 ,! consecration ne$$ 9 ! mission>y is little diff]5t f t ne$$ 9 ! home pa/or4 ,if he has giv5 himself & all t he has to ,*ri/1 he w be ready to "w = ,him any:]e4 ,^? :o come to ! mission field )\t su* consecration1 expect+ ! gr&eur ( ! "w to beget x1 w be bitt]ly disappo9t$4 ,9 _m in/ances contact ) hea!nism weak5s m ?an x /r5g!ns consecration4 ,! societies %\ld require t ^? :o are to d spiritual "w %\ld be consecrat$1 spiritual m54 ,! mission>y %\ld be s\nd 9 ! fai?1 %\ld cle>ly disc]n & readily accept ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 & %\ld #aih be able to di/+ui% betwe5 ess5tials & non-ess5tials1 t5aci\sly hold+ to ! =m]1 :ile all[+ lib]ty 9 reg>d to ! latt]4 ,he w enc\nt] _m /range ?+s 9 8 new environm5t2 _m ( 8 pet !ories w be explod$1 & he w meet mu* t w try 8 fai?4 ,8 belief 9 ! ess5tials ( ,*ri/ianity %\ld be s /rong t ev5 if 8 views und]go a *ange 9 non-ess5tials he %all n be %ak5 at ! c5t]4 ,he mu/ be able to def5d 8 fai? aga9/ its enemies1 z well z to imp>t x to ^? to :om he is s5t4 ,to d ?is 8 own hold ^u x mu/ be firm & unyield+4 ,! mission>y %\ld h a positive1 n a negative1 fai?4 ,8 position %\ld cont9ually be "o ( (f5se1 n ( def5se4 ,8 fai? mu/ be aggressive & dom9ant 9 its hold ^u o!rs1 mu/ be bo? p]suasive & con/ructive4 ,he mu/ be sure ( ! fai? 9 :i* he tru/s1 & mu/ be positive 9 8 pres5tation ( x to ! _w4 ,x is especially important t ! mission>y's doctr9al developm5t be full & r\nd$4 ,he %\ld see all ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em 9 _! prop] relation to "o ano!r1 & %\ld give due importance to ea*4 ,a "o-sid$1 ecc5tric man1 :o has /ruck (f f ! ma9 l9e ( doctr9al developm5t & is on a #aii side-track1 hav+ exalt$ "s "o phase ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ or life to ! exclusion ( o!rs1 is n fitt$ = mission "w4 ,he c be us$ to bett] effect at home1 because !re he is cont9ually "u re/ra9+ influ5ces1 :ile "h !re are no re/ra9ts4 ,= ?is reason :at w\ld be only a h>mless ecc5tricity at home may result 9 great mis*ief abroad4 ,^? :o are to f\nd ! *ur* 9 ,japan1 to %ape its !ology & its life1 %\ld be well-r\nd$ m51 :o w n unduly exalt any "o doctr9e1 b :o1 hav+ a compreh5sive view ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 w give due importance to e "p4 ,x is v important t prospective mission>ies fully c\nt ! co/1 & be prep>$ be=eh& to endure pati5tly ! trials & h>d%ips t w be sure to meet !m4 ,no "o %\ld g out )\t hav+ c>efully consid]$ all ( ^! ?+s1 & ga9$ ! full cons5t ( 8 he>t to endure !m4 ,if ! co/ has n be5 c\nt$1 & ! "w will+ly ent]$ ^u ) a full k ( its h>d%ips & difficulties1 ! enc\nt] ( ^! ^u ! field is apt to result 9 disappo9tm5t & dissatisfaction4 ,e mission>y %\ld be a lov] ( humanity1 ev5 9 its l[e/ & mo/ degrad$ =ms4 ,x is useless = u to attempt to p]suade & influ5ce non-,*ri/ian m5 if we d n love #bjj !m4 ,! audi5ces we address may n be mov$ by our logic or rhetoric2 our mo/ eloqu5t s]mons may h no effect on !m2 b practical illu/rations ( our love = !m w always meet ) a he>ty response4 ,love is ! key t op5s all he>ts4 ,fai?1 hope1 love1 ^! ?ree2 b ! greate/ ( ^! is love4 ,to love ref9$ ,*ri/ian m5 & wom5 is easy1 b to love humanity 9 its m degrad$ =ms is h>d4 ,& yet ! mission>y mu/ be prep>$ to love an ali5 race1 t reg>ds him ) coolness & di/ru/4 ,he mu/ be ready to associate ) l[ly p1 amid humble & immoral surr\nd+s1 & to be pati5t1 k9d1 & lov+ to ! mo/ degrad$4 ,no "o :o has n liv$ on ! mission field & associat$ freely ) ! p kn[s h[ h>d ?is is4 ,su* love w w9 m m5 to ,*ri/ ?an eloqu5t prea*+ or mo/ c>eful in/ruction4 ,! man :o possesses a l>ge am\nt ( x1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 w meet ) success4 ,! mission>y %\ld1 z f> z possible1 pres5t 9 8 own "* all ,*ri/ian graces4 ,he w be look$ ^u z a product ( ! fai? he repres5ts1 & w ex]cise m influ5ce by 8 life ?an by 8 words4 ,he mu/ n be impati5t1 qu>relsome1 or wilful1 &1 above all1 he mu/ n be pr\d4 ,con/ant association ) an inf]ior race is apt to beget a haughty1 #bja dom9e]+ mann]1 & ! mission>y ne$s to be especially on 8 gu>d aga9/ ?is4 ,he may pres5t no /rik+ defects ( "*1 else 8 fai? w be held responsible = !m4 ,peculi>ities & faults t are kn[n to be m]ely p]sonal at home are reg>d$ 9 ! mission field z ! result ( a bad religion4 ,x is v important t ! mission>y be an attractive man1 possess$ ( p]sonal magnetism4 ,he %\ld by nature draw m51 n repel !m4 ,al?\gh h>d to def9e1 we all "k :at ?is p[] is4 ,let a little *ild come into a room :]e two m5 are sitt+4 ,x w readily g to ! "o1 b no am\nt ( coax+ w induce x to g to ! o!r4 ,! "o possesses an innate p[] to attract1 :ile ! o!r repels4 ,:]e ! p]sonal elem5t plays s important a role x is ess5tial t ! mission>y possess ! p[] to draw m54 ,,m5tal ,,qualifications4--,h>dly less important ?an physical & spiritual are ! m5tal qualifications4 ,a m$iocre man _c d good "w 9 any mission field1 lea/ ( all 9 a field l ,japan4 ,none b /rong m5 %\ld be s5t out4 ,9 =m] ye>s1 :5 ! sci5ce ( missions 0 little und]/ood1 x 0 ?\ght a wa/e to s5d a man ( unusual intellectual end[m5ts1 because an ord9>y man c\ld d ! "w j z well2 b ! bo>ds h wisely #bjb ab&on$ t policy4 ,exp]i5ce has cle>ly demon/rat$ ! wisdom ( s5d+ ! v be/ m5 t c be _h4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! prospective mission>y to ,japan %\ld h z complete & ?or\gh a m5tal tra9+ z possible4 ,a full academic & !ological c\rse is highly desirable4 ,he %\ld "k h[ to reason logically & pr(\ndly1 & %\ld be a skill$ dialectician1 able to meet ! native s*ol>s on _! own gr\nd4 ,! subtle philosophies ( ! ,ea/1 :i* he w daily enc\nt]1 c only be dealt ) by a man ?or\ghly tra9$4 ,! a!i/ic & agno/ic philosophies ( ! ,we/ are spread ov] all ,japan1 & ! mission>y mu/ be able to combat !m4 ,ano!r reason :y ! mission>y %\ld be z highly educat$ z possible is t l>ge numb]s ( ! ,japanese p are highly educat$1 & a man ( poor ability & tra9+ _c comm& _! respect4 ,education is to-day be+ diffus$ m & m ?r\gh\t ,japan1 & ! mission>y mu/ "w among an educat$ p4 ,x is necess>y t he feel himself to be at lea/ ! intellectual equal ( all ) :om he comes 9 contact4 ,9 ord]1 !n1 successfully to combat ! subtle philosophies ( ! ,ea/1 to %[ ! fallacies ( ! preval5t skeptical philosophies ( ! #bjc ,we/1 & to comm& ! respect ( ! p among :om he labors1 ! mission>y to ?is l& %\ld h a ?or\gh intellectual tra9+4 ,l+ui/ic tal5t is ano!r ess5tial1 & especially s 9 ,japan4 ,no "o %\ld be s5t "h :o is defici5t 9 ?is4 ,?is language is p]haps ! mo/ difficult ( all spok5 languages = an ,occid5tal to acquire4 ,x is s ?or\ghly unlike any ( ! ,european languages t ! /ud5t mu/ *ange 8 view-po9t & le>n to look at ?+s z ! ,japanese d be=e he c make mu* progress4 ,to ma/] x "o mu/ /udy bo? ,japanese & ,*9ese4 ,:ile a fair l+ui/ c1 by h>d "w1 prea* ) comp>ative intelligibility aft] ?ree ye>s ( /udy1 a complete ma/]y ( ! language is ! "w ( a lifetime4 ,if any "o contemplat+ mission "w 9 ,japan rememb]s t he 0 a poor /ud5t ( languages at college & made little progress 9 !m1 let him feel assur$ t he c probably s]ve ! ,"l bett] at home4 ,i /ate ?is matt] /rongly because j "h is :]e s _m mission>ies fail4 ,!re are m5 :o h be5 "h t5 or fifte5 ye>s & yet :o exp]i5ce great difficulty 9 con/ruct+ ! smalle/ s5t5ce 9 ,japanese4 ,su* m5 are n useless2 9 c]ta9 dep>tm5ts !y s]ve well2 #bjd b !y w\ld probably be ( m use at home4 ,at lea/ "o ?ird ( all ! mission>ies 9 ,japan1 if call$ ^u to make an extempore address 9 ,japanese1 w\ld be f\nd want+4 ,9 view ( ^! facts1 h[ important x becomes t only ^? m5 be s5t out :o h a reasonable expectation ( le>n+ ! language6 ,along ) natural l+ui/ic tal5t1 ! prospective mission>y %\ld h a l>ge am\nt ( p]sev]ance4 ,no?+ b p]si/5t1 slavi% "w ?r\gh _m ye>s w enable "o to speak ,japanese well2 & no "o %\ld come "h :o is n will+ to /ick to an unattractive task until x is accompli%$4 ,x is ( prim>y importance t ! mission>y h a l>ge end[m5t ( common s5se4 ,no?+ else w make up = defici5cy 9 ?is4 ,x alone gives p[] to adapt "o's self to a new environm5t & to live "u *ang$ conditions4 ,! dem&s ^u common s5se "h are mu* great] ?an at home1 because ! conditions "u :i* we live are s diff]5t1 & ! practical que/ions t daily meet u are s num]\s4 ,dr4 ,lawr5ce f9ely says3 ,at home s mu* common s5se has be5 organiz$ into cu/om t we are all l>gely support$ by ! g5]al fund1 & _m m5 get along ) a v sl5d] /ock ( _! own4 ,b on ! #bje mission field1 :]e ,*ri/ian cu/om is yet 9 ! mak+1 ! drafts on common s5se w\ld soon ov]draw a small acc\nt4 ,a k ( music w be f\nd ( great assi/ance to ! mission>y1 ! m ! bett]4 ,he w (t5 h to />t 8 own hymns1 play ! organ1 or direct ! music4 ,he may h to translate hymns & set !m to music1 or ev5 compose tunes himself4 ,good *ur* music is n[ s ess5tial 9 wor%ip t e mission>y %\ld h a k ( x4 ,b ?is qualification1 :ile highly desirable1 is n indisp5sable4 ,! mission>y also ne$s to a great degree ! p[] ( self-control4 ,he %\ld be a cool1 cons]vative man1 able to gov]n himself "u all circum/ances4 ,he mu/ n be mov$ to excessive labor by ! pres5t ne$s ( ! "w1 b mu/ ex]cise self-re/ra9t1 husb&+ 8 /r5g? = future tasks4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult ?+s to d is to refra9 f ov]work :5 ! ne$ ( "w is s app>5t4 ,b ! mission>y mu/ consid] ! p]man5t int]e/s ( ! "w ahead ( its tempor>y ne$s4 ,to sum up ! desir$ intellectual qualifications3 a mission>y to ,japan %\ld h a good m9d1 well discipl9$ by ?or\gh tra9+2 an abundant supply ( common s5se2 l+ui/ic ability1 & ! p[] ( self-control4 #bjf ,!re is "o o!r qualification1 t c h>dly be class$ "u any ( ! above heads1 i4e41 ! mission>y %\ld be a m>ri$ man4 ,! va/ majority ( mission>ies 9 ! field to-day are unanim\s 9 ?is judgm5t4 ,! exp]i5ce ( ! v>i\s mission bo>ds & societies also confirms x1 & !y are s5d+ out few] s+le m5 ea* ye>4 ,m>ri$ m5 make m effici5t work]s = _m reasons4 ,!y enjoy bett] heal? & are bett] satisfi$4 ,!y h a home to :i* !y c g = re/ & sympa?y1 & 9 :i* !y c f9d agreeable companion%ip4 ,!y h ! lov+ m9i/rations ( a wife 9 times ( sickness & despond5cy1 & !y also h ! *e] & relaxation ( *ildr5's society4 ,all ( ^! ?+s t5d to make ! mission>y heal?i] & happi]1 & enable him to d bett] "w4 ,aga91 he %\ld be m>ri$ because a man ( mature ye>s :o is s+le is reg>d$ ) m or less suspicion4 ,to ! ,japanese celibacy is an unnatural /ate1 & x is seldom f\nd4 ,mo/ unm>ri$ m5 "h are immoral1 & !re=e ! unm>ri$ mission>y is naturally suspect$ ( lead+ an immoral life1 :i* cripples 8 influ5ce4 ,b ! /ronge/ argum5t 9 favor ( m>ri$ z aga9/ s+le mission>ies is t ! =m] #bjg alone are able to build ,*ri/ian homes4 ,! homes ( s+le m5 are v poor ?+s at be/1 & c]ta9ly _c be po9t$ to z models4 ,b ! m>ri$ man e/abli%es a ,*ri/ian home 9 ! mid/ ( 8 p1 & sets !m a concrete example ( :at ,*ri/ian family life %\ld be4 ,?is example is "o ( ! mo/ pot5t influ5ces = good op]at+ on ! mission field4 ,9 home life p]haps m ?an 9 any o!r respect ,japanese society is want+4 ,! r5ovation ( ! home is "o ( ! cry+ ne$s ( ! h\r4 ,an op5 ,*ri/ian home1 exhibit+ ! prop] relations betwe5 husb& & wife1 p>5ts & *ildr51 w d mu* t[>d br++ ?is ab\t4 ,?is argum5t is n int5d$ to apply aga9/ s+le wom5 :o come out to tea* 9 ! girls' s*ools4 ,_! "w is entirely diff]5t1 & is su* z c be done be/ by s+le wom54 ,! argum5t applies only to ! mission>y engag$ 9 evangeli/ic "w4 ,su* ,i believe to be ! qualifications ess5tial to successful mission "w 9 ,japan4 ,to _m ! requirem5ts may seem too /rict4 ,b ! "w to :i* ! mission>y is call$ is a high & noble "o1 & ! ideal = a work] %\ld be correspond+ly high4 ,! extreme difficulty ( ! "w1 & its great exp5se1 make x imp]ative t only m5 adapt$ to x be s5t out4 #bjh ,:ile sett+ =? ?is high ideal ( :at a mission>y to ?is l& %\ld be1 no "o is m s5sible ?an ! writ] ( ! fact t _m mission>ies1 includ+ himself1 fail to realize x4 ,b he is glad to be able to affirm t a l>ge p] c5t4 ( ^! desir$ qualifications are f\nd 9 ! majority ( ! mission>y bre?r5 9 ,japan4 #bji ,,xii ,,private ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,mission>y ,x is our purpose 9 ?is *apt] to %[ ! *ur*es at home some?+ ( ! life :i* _! mission>ies lead 9 ,japan4 ,we w attempt to draw aside ! veil & look at _! private life--! holy ( holies4 ,?is is a delicate task1 & ,i hesitate to und]take x4 ,& yet ,i ?9k a k ( ! trials1 p]ils1 disc\ragem5ts1 temptations1 hopes1 & fe>s ( ! mission>y may be v pr(itable to ^? :o support our missions4 ,mission>ies are m5 ( l appetites1 passions1 hopes1 & desires ) ^? at home4 ,!y long = & enjoy ! com=ts & am5ities ( life4 ,!y h wives & *ildr5 :om !y love z devot$ly1 & = :om !y desire to provide z com=table homes1 z ! pa/or at home4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 mission>ies 7 #baj call$ ^u to =ego ne>ly all social pleasures & submit to endless discom=ts1 b t "t is pa/4 ,! mission home to-day is frequ5tly z com=table z t ( ! pa/or 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is "r t ! /&>d ( liv+ 9 ! home l&s %\ld be ma9ta9$ by ! mission>ies abroad1 & t !y surr\nd !mselves ) all available pleasures & conv5i5ces4 ,!re is no reason :y a man %\ld lay aside all pleasures & com=ts s soon z he becomes a mission>y4 ,^? :o live 9 ! =eign ports 9 ,japan h nice1 roomy h\ses model$ aft] ,we/]n homes4 ,_m ( !m are surr\nd$ ) beautiful lawns & f9e fl[]s1 & are a com=t & delight to _! possessors4 ,mo/ ( ! mission>ies :o live 9 ! int]ior occupy native h\ses1 slightly modifi$ to suit =eign ta/e4 ,by build+ *imneys1 & sub/itut+ glass = pap] w9d[s1 ! native h\ses c be made q com=table1 ?\gh !y are cold] 9 w9t] & d n look s well z =eign ones4 ,! writ] has liv$ 9 su* a home dur+ mo/ ( 8 resid5ce 9 ,japan1 & has suff]$ little inconv5i5ce4 ,"s ( ! weal?i] mission bo>ds h built =eign h\ses ev5 9 ! int]ior1 & to-day !re are a good _m su* scatt]$ ov] ,japan4 ,z has be5 be=e rem>k$1 ! mission #baa home is "o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 connection ) ! "w2 x is a little bit ( ,*ri/5dom set d[n 9 ! mid/ ( hea!ndom4 ,x pres5ts to ! non-,*ri/ian masses ar\nd x a concrete example ( exalt$ family life1 ) equality & tru/ betwe5 husb& & wife1 & mutual love betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr5--?+s n g5]ally f\nd 9 ! native home4 ,x is a beacon-light %9+ 9 a d>k place4 ,?is is "o ( ! _m reasons :y a mission>y %\ld be a m>ri$ man4 ,! s+le man _c create ?is model home1 :i* is to tea* ! p by example :at ,*ri/ian family life %\ld be4 ,9 ?is respect ,ca?olic missions are defici5t1 ! celibacy ( ! prie/s preclud+ family life4 ,fir/1 !n1 ! mission home is an example to ! non-,*ri/ian p ar\nd x4 ,x is frequ5tly op5 to !m1 & !y c see its work+s4 ,!y (t5 %>e its hospitality & sit at its table4 ,_! ke5 eyes take 9 ev]y?+1 & a deep impression is made ^u !m4 ,j "h arises "o ( ! greate/ difficulties ! mission>y has to cont5d ) 9 8 private life4 ,! p are s inquisitive naturally1 ! mission home is s attractive to !m1 & our idea ( ! privacy & sanctity ( ! home is s lack+ 9 _! etiquette1 t x is h>d to keep #bab ! home f becom+ public4 ,p w come 9 l>ge numb]s at ! mo/ unseasonable h\rs1 simply out ( curiosity1 want+ to see & h&le ev]y?+ 9 ! h\se4 ,x is (t5 necess>y1 9 self-def5se1 to refuse !m admittance1 except at c]ta9 h\rs4 ,n only are ! seclusion & privacy ( ! home endang]$1 b ! mission>y also is 9 great dang] ( hav+ 8 valuable "t uselessly fritt]$ away4 ,not)/&+ all t ! mission home is to ! p1 x is mu* m to ! mission>y4 ,x %\ld be to him a sure retreat & seclusion f ! peculi>ly try+ c>es & worries ( 8 "w4 ,x %\ld be a place :]e he c evade ! subtle influ5ces ( hea!nism :i* creep 9 at e pore--a safe retreat f ! s9 & wick$ness & vice ar\nd x4 ,! mission home %\ld be a ,we/]n home transplant$ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,x may n become too mu* ori5taliz$4 ,x %\ld h ,we/]n furniture1 pictures1 musical in/rum5ts1 etc41 & %\ld make its possessor feel t he is 9 a ,we/]n home4 ,x %\ld be well suppli$ ) books & newspap]s1 & ev]y?+ else t w help to keep its inmates 9 t\* ) ! life ( ! ,we/4 ,! mission>y may n be ori5taliz$1 else he w be 9 dang] ( becom+ hea!niz$4 ,= ! sake ( 8 *ildr5 ! mission>y's #bac home %\ld be z exact a reproduction ( ! ,we/]n home z possible4 ,^! *ildr5 are citiz5s ( ! ,we/1 heirs ( its privileges2 & to x !y w g be=e !y rea* ye>s ( maturity4 ,!re=e x is b fair t _! *ildhood home %\ld reflect its civilization4 ,9 ord] t ! mission>y may be able to build up su* a home x is necess>y t he be paid a lib]al sal>y4 ,:ile liv+ 9 native /yle is v *eap1 liv+ 9 ,we/]n /yle is p]haps z de> "h z 9 any c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,clo?+1 furniture1 mu* ( ! food1 etc41 mu/ be br\ght f ! ,we/2 & we mu/ pay = x n only :at ! p at home pay1 b ! co/ ( c>ry+ x half-way r\nd ! _w1 & ! commission ( two or ?ree middlem5 besides4 ,mo/ bo>ds op]at+ 9 ,japan pay _! m5 a lib]al sal>y4 ,!y also pay an all[ance = ea* *ild1 heal? all[ance1 etc4 ,all ?is is well4 ,man is an animal1 &1 l o!r animals1 he mu/ be well c>$ = if he is to d 8 be/ "w4 ,no f>m] w\ld expect to get h>d "w out ( a horse t 0 only half f$1 & no mission bo>d c expect to get fir/-class "w out ( a mission>y :o is n lib]ally support$4 ,! mission>y has en\gh to worry him )\t hav+ to be anxi\s ab\t f9ances4 ,especially is x wise t ! bo>ds give _! #bad m5 an all[ance = *ildr54 ,! exp5ses incid5t to a *ild's com+ into ! _w 9 ! ,ea/ are v high4 ,! doctor's bill alone am\nts frequ5tly to m ?an #ajj4 ,!n a nurse is absolutely necess>y1 !re be+ no relatives & fri5ds to p]=m ?is (fice1 z sometimes !re are 9 ! ,we/4 ,! bir? ( a *ild "h means a ca% outlay ( #aej to #bjj1 to pay :i* ! mission>y is (t5 r$uc$ to h>d /raits4 ,if he belongs to a bo>d t makes a lib]al *ild's all[ance he is =tunately reliev$ f ?is difficulty4 ,! all[ance is also necess>y to provide = ! future education ( ! *ild4 ,z !re are no suitable s*ools "h1 *ildr5 mu/ be s5t home to s*ool at an e>ly age4 ,!y _c /ay 9 ! p>5tal home & att5d s*ool f !re1 z ,am]ican *ildr5 d1 b mu/ be f *ildhood put into a bo>d+-s*ool1 & ?is takes money4 ,n[ no mission>ies' sal>ies are suffici5tly l>ge to enable !m to lay up mu* money1 & unless !re is a *ild's all[ance !re w be no money = 8 education1 9 :i* ev5t ! mission>y mu/ sacrifice 8 self-respect by ask+ "s s*ool or fri5ds to educate 8 *ild4 ,he feels t if any "o 9 ! _w des]ves a sal>y suffici5t to meet all necess>y exp5ses )\t begg+1 he does2 & x hurts him to give 8 life 9 h>d s]vice to #bae ! *ur* 9 a =eign l&1 & !n h 8 *ildr5 educat$ on *>ity4 ,all mission bo>ds %\ld give _! m5 an all[ance = ea* *ild1 unless ! sal>y paid is suffici5tly l>ge to enable !m to lay aside a suffici5t sum = ?is v purpose4 ,! heal? all[ance is also a wise provision because ! climate is su* z (t5 to necessitate call+ 9 a physician1 & doctors' bills are enorm\sly high4 ,if ! mission>y is n well he _c "w2 b if he is left to pay = m$ical att5dance himself out ( a v meag] sal>y1 all ( :i* is ne$$ by 8 wife & *ildr51 he w frequ5tly d5y himself ! s]vices ( a physician :5 !y are really ne$$4 ,! "w ( ! mission>y is mo/ try+1 & ! dem&s on 8 heal? & /r5g? are v exhau/+4 ,! petty worries & trials t con/antly meet him1 ! rivalries & qu>rels :i* 8 conv]ts br+ to him = settlem5t1 ! c>e ( ! *ur*es1 anxiety ab\t 8 family1 etc41 are a con/ant /ra9 on 8 vital =ce1 9 ord] to )/& :i* x is necess>y t he %\ld h regul> p]iods ( re/ & recreation4 ,nature dem&s relaxation1 & %e mu/ h x1 or ! heal? ( ! work] fails4 ,x is cu/om>y 9 ,japan = ! mission>ies to leave _! fields ( "w dur+ ! summ] season & sp5d six weeks or two mon?s 9 #baf sanatoria among ! m\nta9s or by ! sea%ore4 ,"h _! "w1 ) its c>es & anxieties1 is all laid aside4 ,! be/-kn[n sanatoria 9 ,japan are ,k>uizawa1 ,arima1 ,hakone1 ,sapporo1 & ,m\nt ,hiezan4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! places good accommodations are provid$1 & ! hot weeks c be sp5t v pleasantly4 ,l>ge numb]s ( mission>ies ga!r !re1 & = a %ort "t ! tir$1 isolat$ work] c enjoy ! society ( 8 own k9d2 8 wife c meet & *at ) o!r h\sewives2 & 8 *ildr5 c enjoy ! r>e pleasure ( play+ ) o!r *ildr5 :ite l !mselves4 ,^! resorts are cool1 ! air is pure & invigorat+1 & ! mission>y returns f !m 9 ,septemb] feel+ fre% & /rong1 ready to take up ) r5ew$ vigor 8 ardu\s labors4 ,x is object$ to ^! vacations t !y take ! mission>y away f 8 field ( "w1 & t s long an abs5ce on 8 "p is v injuri\s to ! cause4 ,?is is p>tially true2 b a wise economy consid]s ! heal? ( ! work] & 8 future effici5cy m ?an ! tempor>y ne$s ( ! "w4 ,! abs5ce ( ! =eign work] = a %ort p]iod is n z hurtful z "o w\ld at fir/ glance suppose4 ,a relatively l>g] "p ( ! "w is left 9 ! h&s ( ! native help]s 9 ,japan ?an 9 mo/ mission fields1 & ^! evangeli/s /ay at _! po/s #bag all ?r\gh ! summ]1 & c>e = its int]e/s :ile ! =eign] is away4 ,! same ne$ ( a vacation does n exi/ 9 _! case1 because !y are accu/om$ to ! climate1 & !y "w ?r\gh _! native tongue & among _! own p4 ,! ne$ ( ?is mission>y vacation is s evid5t t we ne$ only give x 9 outl9e4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! unfavorable climate makes a *ange & re/ desirable4 ,z ,i h already /at$1 ! climate ( ,japan is n only v w>m1 b also conta9s an excessive am\nt ( moi/ure & a v small p] c5t4 ( ozone1 & is lack+ 9 atmosph]ic magnetism & electricity2 h5ce its effect ^u p f ! ,we/ is depress+4 ,besides ! climate1 ! mission>y's "w is s exhau/ive & try+1 & its dem&s ^u him are s great1 t a few weeks' re/ are absolutely necess>y4 ,! same reasons :i* at home ju/ify ! city pa/or 9 tak+ a vacation are int5sifi$ 9 ! mission>y's case4 ,n lea/ ( ^! reasons is t ! mission>y may = a :ile enjoy cong5ial society4 ,_m ( u sp5d t5 mon?s ( ! ye> isolat$ almo/ entirely f all p ( our own k9d4 ,! ,japanese are s diff]5t t we c h b little social life ) !m2 & x is b natural & "r t1 = a %ort p]iod1 we %\ld h ! opportunity to meet & #bah associate ) our fell[-mission>ies4 ,! "w :i* we d ! rema9d] ( ! ye> is done mu* bett] because ( ?is re/ & fell[%ip4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,b]ry1 9 a pap] read be=e ! mission>y conf]5ce at ,osaka 9 #ahhc1 discusses v fully ?is "q ( mission>y vacations & furl\ghs4 ,aft] elaborat+ ! reasons = !m1 :i* reasons ,i h giv5 9 brief above1 he says3 ,x !re=e foll[s t1 because ( ! num]\s & complex influ5ces op]at+ to-day to produce n]ve-tire 9 ! mission>y 9 ,japan1 reg>d = ! p]man5t int]e/s ( 8 "w requires t a vacation be tak5 9 summ] by ^? resid+ 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,japan1 ! same to be accompani$ by z mu* ( recreation & *ange z circum/ances w p]mit4 ,) all ! c>e & precaution t c be tak51 ) sy/ematic re/s & vacations1 !re soon comes a "t :5 x is necess>y = ! mission>y to return to 8 home l&1 to brea! aga9 ! air ( 8 y\?1 & to repl5i% 8 physical1 m5tal1 & moral be+4 ,all ! mission bo>ds recognize ?is & p]mit _! m5 9 ?is & 9 o!r fields to return home on furl\gh aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s4 ,! def9ite "t requir$ by ! diff]5t missions be=e a furl\gh is grant$ v>ies f ?ree to t5 ye>s1 ! latt] p]iod be+ ! mo/ g5]al4 #bai ,b ?is has be5 f\nd to be too long1 & fail+ heal? usually compels an e>li] return4 ,"s bo>ds h no set "t1 b a tacit und]/&+ exi/s t ! mission>y may g home at ! end ( six or eight ye>s4 ,at ! end ( ! prescrib$ p]iod ! mission>y family is tak5 home at ! exp5se ( ! bo>d1 & is giv5 a re/ ( a ye> or eighte5 mon?s4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 if ! mission>y is engag$ 9 prea*+ or lectur+ = ! bo>d1 z is g5]ally ! case1 he is paid 8 full sal>y4 ,if he does no "w he is sometimes paid only half 8 sal>y4 ,?is is v h>d1 z ! sal>y is j l>ge en\gh to support him & 8 family1 & _! exp5ses :ile at home are almo/ z great z :ile 9 ! field4 ,if ! sal>y is cut d[n ! pleasure & b5efit ( ! furl\gh are curtail$4 ,if ! mission>y 9 ! s]vice ( ! bo>d exhau/s 8 heal? & /r5g? 9 an unfavorable climate x seems b fair t he %\ld be prop]ly support$ :ile endeavor+ to recup]ate4 ,:5 a *ur* at home votes its pa/or a vacation1 in/ead ( cutt+ d[n 8 sal>y dur+ 8 abs5ce1 x is cu/om>y to give him an extra sum to enable him to enjoy x4 ,:y %\ld n ! same be done = ! mission>y8 ,he %\ld at lea/ be p]mitt$ to draw ! full am\nt ( 8 small sal>y4 ,aga9/ ^! vacations is urg$ _! great #bbj exp5se to ! bo>ds1 ! great] loss to ! mission because ( ! abs5ce ( ! work]1 & ! moral effect ( frequ5t returns ^u ! *ur* at home4 ,all ( ^! objections h weight1 b !y are f> outweigh$ by ! reasons t necessitate ! furl\gh4 ,! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( ! diff]5t bo>ds makes ! judgm5t unanim\s t ^! are necess>y4 ,! judgm5t ( compet5t m$ical m5 also confirms ! /atem5t4 ,dr4 ,taylor said 9 ! ,osaka conf]5ce3 ,i am conv9c$ t a mission>y's highe/ int]e/ requires1 & ! greate/ effici5cy 9 8 "w w be secur$ by1 a return home at /at$ int]vals4 ,dr4 ,b]ry said 9 ! same conf]5ce3 ,! new & /range social conditions "u :i* ! mission>y is oblig$ to "w2 ! effects ( climate1 int5sifi$ 9 _m cases by comp>ative y\?2 ! abs5ce ( _m ( ^? home com=ts & social1 intellectual1 & religi\s privileges ) :i* ! ,*ri/ian civilization ( to-day s pl5tifully surr\nds life2 ! home ties1 /r5g!n$ by y\?ful affections1--all ^! comb9e ) pres5t facilities ( travel to r5d] x advisable t ! "y mission>y be at lib]ty to take a comp>atively e>ly vacation 9 8 native l&4 ,f an economic /&po9t x is wise to grant ^! furl\ghs4 ,x is poor economy to keep ! work]s 9 ! field until !y are completely #bba brok5 d[n1 & !n h to replace !m by inexp]i5c$ m51 :o w n be able to d ! "w ( ! old ones = ye>s4 ,f> wis] is x to let !m /op & recup]ate 9 ! home l&s be=e ?is breakd[n comes4 ,x co/s less money to keep a mission>y well ?an to c>e = him dur+ a long1 unpr(itable p]iod ( sickness4 ,i quote aga9 on ?is po9t ,wallace ,taylor1 ,m4,d41 :o1 9 ! pap] ref]r$ to above1 said3 ,! pres5t haphaz>d1 unsy/ematic me?ods ( mo/ missions & bo>ds is att5d$ ) ! greate/ exp5se & ! poore/ returns4 ,"s ( ! bo>ds work+ 9 ,japan h lo/ m "t & exp5d$ m money 9 c>+ = _! brok5-d[n mission>ies ?an x w\ld co/ to c>ry out ! recomm5dations h]e9 made4 ,aga91 ,i obs]ve t _m :o d n break d[n beg9 to fail 9 heal? aft] ! f\r? or fif? ye> f ent]+ on _! "w4 ,!y rema9 on ! field1 & are reluctantly oblig$ to sp5d m or less "t 9 p>tial "w1 :ile exp]i5c+ physical discom=t & dissatisfaction ( m9d4 ,v _m ( ^! cases w\ld h accompli%$ m = ! means exp5d$ by a furl\gh home at ! close ( ! fif? or six? ye>4444 ,ov] #ij1jjj h be5 exp5d$ 9 ,japan by "o mission alone 9 di/ract$ ef=ts to rega9 ! heal? ( its mission>ies4 ,^! furl\ghs are also ne$$ to keep ! #bbb mission>y 9 t\* ) ! life ( ! home *ur*es4 ,! ,we/ is rapidly progress+ 9 civilization1 9 arts & sci5ces1 & 9 !ology z well4 ,! mission>y :o sp5ds t5 or m ye>s on ! field be=e return+ home f9ds himself 9 an entirely new atmosph]e1 ) :i* he is unfamili>4 ,he looks at ?+s f ! /&po9t ( t5 or m ye>s ago2 8 me?ods ( "w1 8 language1 all are belat$4 ,9 ord] t he may give to ! nasc5t *ur*es ( ,japan ! v be/ !ology1 ! v be/ me?ods1 & ! v be/ life ( ! ,we/]n *ur*es1 x is necess>y = him to return frequ5tly to brea! 9 _! _s & life & keep up ) _! =w>d m>*4 ,= ! mission>y's p]sonal b5efit he %\ld be p]mitt$ to come into frequ5t contact ) ! home *ur*es4 ,a too long un9t]rupt$ brea?+ ( ! poison\s atmosph]e ( hea!nism has a wond]fully cool+ effect ^u 8 ardor & zeal1 & is try+ to 8 fai?4 ,he ne$s to come into contact ) ! broad] fai? & deep] life ( ! home *ur*es1 & receive f !m new consecration & devotion to 8 "w4 ,! *ur* at home ne$s also to come frequ5tly into contact ) its mission>ies4 ,no?+ w s /ir up int]e/ & zeal 9 ! mission cause z to see & he> its ne$s f liv+1 #bbc active work]s1 fre% f ! field4 ,if mission>ies 7 m frequ5tly employ$ to repres5t ! cause to ! *ur*es at home p]haps our mission treasuries w\ld n be s deplet$4 ,mission addresses f home pa/ors are ab/ract & !oretical2 ^? f mission>ies are concrete & practical4 ,! =m] speak f read+1 ! latt] f p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,! address ( ! mission>y comes ) p[] because he speaks ( :at he has se5 & felt1 & 8 p]sonality is ?r[n into x4 ,= ! sake1 !n1 ( ! "w abroad1 ( ! mission>y himself1 & ( ! home *ur*es1 mission>ies %\ld be requir$ to take regul> furl\ghs at /at$ int]vals1 & %\ld sp5d !m 9 ! home l&s4 ,h[ long c ! mission>y safely "w 9 ,japan be=e tak+ 8 fir/ furl\gh8 ,t w dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! man himself1 & ! k9d ( mission "w 9 :i* he is engag$4 ,! av]age l5g? ( "t sp5t "h by ! mission>ies be=e ! fir/ furl\gh is ab\t sev5 ye>s4 ,!re are no m5 m compet5t to pass judgm5t ^u ?is matt] ?an ,drs4 ,b]ry & ,taylor1 :o h sp5t ! bett] "p ( _! lives "h1 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d1 & :o are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! conditions t surr\nd u4 ,dr4 ,b]ry says3 ,i d n hesitate to affirm t ! #bbd 't5-ye>-or-long] rule1' /ill adh]$ to by "s mission>y societies1 & by _m mission>ies z well1 is too long = ! fir/ t]m4444 ,i indorse :at 9 sub/ance has be5 sugge/$ by my fri5d ,dr4 ,mc,donald1 viz41 t ! "t ( s]vice on ! field prior to ! fir/ furl\gh be sev5 ye>s1 & t prior to subsequ5t furl\ghs be t5 ye>s2 ?is plan to be modifi$ by heal?1 exi/+ conditions ( "w1 home f9ances1 & by individual pref]5ces4 ,dr4 ,taylor says3 ,my obs]vations h l$ me to ! conclusion t ! fir/ furl\gh ought to be tak5 at ! close ( ! fif? or six? ye>1 & aft] t once e eight or t5 ye>s4 ,we h yet to look at ! trials & sorr[s1 ! enc\ragem5ts & joys1 ( ! mission>y4 ,we h already look$ into ! mission>y's home2 let u n[ endeavor to look into 8 he>t4 ,if ! =m] is 8 sanctum1 ?is is 8 sanctum sanctorum2 & ,i tru/ my mission>y bre?r5 w p>don me = expos+ x to ! public view4 ,we w pass by all physical h>d%ips1 su* z climate1 improp] food1 poor h\ses1 etc4 ,al?\gh ^! are (t5 great] h>d%ips ?an ! p at home "k1 !y are b light afflictions to ! mission>y4 ,8 real trials lie 9 an entirely diff]5t sph]e4 ,! greate/ h>d%ip ! mission>y has to #bbe be> is 8 lonel9ess & isolation4 ,sep>at$ almo/ entirely f 8 own race1 he is depriv$ ( all ^? social joys t are s de> to him4 ,! ?\ght ( 8 k9sm5 & fri5ds is ev] 9 8 m9d1 b alas6 !y are s f> away4 ,he mu/ g on ye> aft] ye> liv+ among a p f :om an impassable gulf sep>ates him1 lead+ ! same lonely life4 ,= ! fir/ ye> or two he r enjoys ! quiet & privacy1 b by & by x becomes almo/ un5durable4 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,lawr5ce has correctly /yl$ ! mission>y an exile4 ,we _c d bett] ?an quote 8 words3 ,v _m ( ! mission>y's heavie/ burd5s are summ$ up 9 ! "o ^w ^: height & bread? & l5g? & dep? none kn[s s well z he--t ^w 'exile4' ,x is n m]ely a physical exile f home & c\ntry & all _! int]e/s2 x is n only an intellectual exile f all t w\ld fe$ & /imulate ! m9d2 x is yet m--a spiritual exile f ! guidance1 ! in/ruction1 ! correction1 f ! support1 ! fell[%ip1 ! communion ( ! sa9ts & ! *ur* at home4 ,x is an exile z :5 a man is l[]$ ) a c&le into f\l places1 :]e ! noxi\s gases ?reat5 to put out 8 light1 yet he mu/ explore x all & f9d "s way to dra9 (f ! refuse & let 9 ! sweet air & sun to d _! own cleans+ "w4444 ,! #bbf mission>y is n only torn away f ^? social bonds t su/a91 or ev5 almo/ compose1 our m5tal1 moral1 & spiritual life1 b he is =c$ into close/ relations ) hea!nism1 ^: evils he abhors1 ^: p[] & fasc9ations1 too1 he dreads4 ,& :5 at la/ he c save 8 own *ildr5 only by be+ b]eft ( !m1 he feels himself an exile inde$4 ,! mission>y's life is full ( disappo9tm5ts4 ,m5 = :om he has labor$ & pray$ x may be = ye>s1 & 9 :om he has plac$ implicit confid5ce1 w (t5 bitt]ly disappo9t him 9 _! ,*ri/ian life4 ,boys :o h be5 educat$ on 8 *>ity1 :o are :at !y are solely by 8 help1 w frequ5tly be guilty ( base +ratitude1 &1 worse yet1 w repudiate 8 tea*+s4 ,! native *ur* n hav+ g5]ations ( ,*ri/ian ance/ry beh9d x1 & n be+ 9 a ,*ri/ian environm5t1 is (t51 x may be unwitt+ly1 guilty ( hea!n practices t sorely try ! he>t ( ! mission>y4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 ! new life & ! old hea!nism is /ill se5 9 ! *ur*-memb]s & ev5 9 ! native m9i/ry4 ,ea* mission>y1 if he w\ld be well & *e]ful 9 8 "w1 mu/ le>n to ca/ all burd5s ( su* a "* on ! ,"l1 & n be oppress$ by !m4 ,"o ( ! greate/ trials "s ( u h to be> is t we mu/ live 9 an environm5t s #bbg unconducive to p]sonal gr[? & developm5t ,!re is a great deal ( ambition lurk+ ab\t u /ill1 & we d n l to see our own developm5t cut %ort because ( an unfavorable environm5t1 :ile our fri5ds & classmates at home1 :o 7 no m ?an our equals 9 =m] days1 f> surpass u 9 intellectual developm5t & 9 influ5ce & p[]4 ,p]haps a mission>y %\ld be above su* ?\ghts & %\ld be p]fectly cont5t ) a life ( obscurity & p>tial developm5t2 b mission>ies are /ill m51 & to _m an ambiti\s "o ! limits plac$ ^u 8 p]sonal developm5t are v irksome4 ,b :y are ! conditions unfavorable to high p]sonal developm5t8 ,because ^? /imulants to prolong$1 vigor\s ef=t t exi/ 9 ! ,we/ are lack+4 ,! /imulus ( competition1 ! contact ( ?9k+ m9ds1 s necess>y to enli/ ! full ex]cise ( a man's p[]s1 are l>gely want+4 ,"o is %ut up to 8 own ?\ghts & to ^? he gets f books1 & 8 developm5t1 9 s f> z x does proce$1 is v apt to be "o-sid$4 ,?is is ! reason :y s _m mission>ies are n>r[1 unable to see a subject 9 all its relations & to give due importance to ea*4 ,! "w ( ! mission>y f beg9n+ to end is "o ( self-sacrifice & self-effacem5t4 #bbh ,!re is no future = him 9 ! c\ncils ( ! native *ur*4 ,z ! "w gr[s & ext5ds he mu/ gradually take a back seat4 ,z ! native m9i/ry develops1 ! =eign m9i/] is less & less ne$$1 & mu/ gradually )draw4 ,aga91 ! home l&1 fa!r & "m1 bro!rs & si/]s1 fri5ds & companions1 are j z de> to ! mission>y z to any "o else4 ,yet x seems inevitable t he w gradually gr[ away f !m & be =gott5 by !m4 ,prolong$ abs5ce br+s =getfulness2 div]se labors & int]e/s put p out ( sympa?y ) "o ano!r4 ,:5 ! new mission>y fir/ comes out to 8 field1 communication betwe5 him & fri5ds is frequ5t4 ,lett]s pass regul>ly1 little remembrances are s5t f "t to "t1 & he is /ill 9 t\* ) 8 fri5ds at home4 ,b by & by a *ange comes4 ,aft] "o or two ye>s ex*ange ( pres5ts & remembrances ceases2 gradually ! lett]s cease also1 & none come except ^? f 8 imm$iate family4 ,ev5 ^! become less & less frequ5t4 ,! arrival ( ! mails1 :i* at fir/ 0 look$ =w>d to ) s mu* joy1 is n[ sc>cely not$4 ,an old ,am]ican g5tleman :o has sp5t "s =ty ye>s 9 ! ,ea/ tells me t he n[ receives f ! home l& n m ?an two or ?ree lett]s p] ye>4 #bbi ,aft] a few ye>s ( resid5ce "h "o feels t he is l>gely out ( t\* ) ! life ( ! ,we/1 & t he is =gott51 by home & fri5ds4 ,x seems to me t *ur*es & fri5ds c d mu* t[>d prev5t+ ?is1 & t[>d bright5+ ! lives ( _! mission>ies1 if !y w4 ,let pa/ors & fri5ds ?r\gh\t ! *ur* take special pa9s to write int]e/+ p]sonal lett]s to ! mission>y4 ,x w d him good j to be rememb]$ 9 ?is way4 ,x is natural t ! same k9dness1 att5tion1 & love t are %[n to ! home pa/or %\ld n be %[n to ! mission>y1 because he is s f> away & ! /rong p]sonal elem5t is want+4 ,b if ! *ur*es w\ld make an ef=t to %>e _! k9dness & b5efic5ce betwe5 ! home pa/or & ! =eign "o x w\ld be highly appreciat$ by ! latt]4 ,especially does ?is seem b fair 9 a case :]e a *ur* supports its own mission>y & :]e mo/ ( its memb]s are p]sonally acqua9t$ ) him4 ,su* *ur*es speak ( hav+ two pa/ors2 "o at home m9i/]+ to !m1 & "o abroad1 9 _! /ead1 prea*+ ! gospel to ! hea!n4 ,:y %\ld n ^! pa/ors h equal place 9 _! he>ts & receive equally _! k9dness & _! gifts8 ,if any pref]5ce is %[n1 x w\ld seem t x %\ld #bcj be to ! =eign pa/or1 = he has mu* ! h>d] "w4 ,b ! =eign pa/or is g5]ally =gott51 :ile ! home pa/or1 ) :om liv+ is mu* *eap]1 is paid a l>g] sal>y2 he is giv5 a vacation1 & a purse to enable him to sp5d x pleasantly2 at ,*ri/mas he is sub/antially rememb]$1 & all ?r\gh ! ye> he is pres5t$ ) num]\s gifts & %[n _m favors4 ,! poor lonely mission>y is paid a mod]ate sal>y & is giv5 no fur!r ?\ght4 ,imag9e ! feel+s ( a man 9 a mission field1 support$ by "o *ur* :i* always speaks ( him z its =eign pa/or1 z he takes up a *ur* pap] & reads ( ! favors %[n ! home pa/or2 among !m su* items z a nice purse ( fifty doll>s1 a ?ree mon?s' leave ( abs5ce1 & exp5ses to ----4 ,he _c help ?9k+ ) a sigh ( t unpaid doctor's bill ( fifty doll>s incurr$ by 8 wife's ill heal? la/ summ]1 or ( ! money ne$$ to s5d 8 boy home to be educat$4 ,a *ur* %\ld try to rememb] its pa/or abroad z well z ! "o at home4 ,! home pa/or himself c\ld see to x t ?is is done4 ,if he %\ld simply say1 :5 h&$ a pres5t = "s purpose1 ,our =eign pa/or has n be5 rememb]$ by u1 & he ne$s x m ?an ,i1 !re=e we w s5d ?is to him1 ! result w\ld probably be t he & ! =eign #bca pa/or w\ld bo? be rememb]$4 ,if little expressions ( appreciation & k9dness1 su* z ?is1 7 occasionally %[n ! mission>ies1 x w\ld d mu* to bright5 & *e] _! h>d lives4 ,^! are little ?+s1 b ! little ?+s h mu* to d ) our happ9ess4 ,if ! mission>y life has its sorr[s & disappo9tm5ts1 x has its pleasures & joys z well4 ,x is ) great pleasure t ,i turn f ! d>k to ! bright side ( our lives4 ,fir/ ,i w\ld m5tion t sweet peace & joy t come f ! consci\sness ( do+ "o's duty4 ,! true mission>y feels t ,god has call$ him into ! "w1 & t he is fulfill+ ! div9e w4 ,?is k br+s ) x mu* pleasure4 ,! joy is all ! sweet] because ( ! sacrifices t mu/ be und]gone 9 answ] to ! div9e call4 ,he feels n only t he is 9 ! field by ! call ( ,god1 b also t ,god is ) him 9 8 "w1 lead+1 guid+1 bless+1 help+ him4 ,he he>s ! words ( 8 ,ma/]1 ,lo1 ,i am ) y alway1 & he gladly responds1 ,9 ,?y pres5ce is fullness ( joy4 ,! brood+ ,_s ( ,god is especially ne> ! ,*ri/ian work] 9 =eign l&s1 & imp>ts to him mu* joy & peace4 ,ano!r ( ! mission>y's joys is to see ! gospel gradually tak+ hold ( ! he>ts ( ! p & r5ew+ & trans=m+ !m4 ,x #bcb is pass+ pleasant to tell ! gospel /ory1 s full ( hope & joy1 to ^! p ^: religi\s ideas & aspirations are only d>k & gloomy4 ,:o c\ld desire sweet] joy ?an to wat* ! trans=m+ p[] ( ! gospel 9 ! he>t ( "s poor hea!n1 *ang+ him f an idol-wor%ip+1 immoral creature into a pure1 consi/5t ,*ri/ian8 ,x is ! good =tune ( ! mission>y to see su* *anges tak+ place 9 ! p to :om he m9i/]s4 ,& :at a *ange x is6 ,= gloom & dejection x gives joy & hope2 = bl9d1 irresi/ible fate x gives a lov+ provid5ce4 ,! *ange is s great t e feature ( ! face expresses x4 ,la/ly1 ! cr[n ( ! mission>y's life is to see a /rong1 vigor\s native *ur* spr++ up ar\nd him1 ! direct result ( 8 labors2 to see x gradually & sil5tly spread+ itself ?r\gh\t ! :ole nation z ! leav5 ?r\gh ! meal1 p]meat+ e =m ( its life & impress+ itself ^u e phase ( its "*4 ,to ?is native *ur* he confid5tly looks = ! evangelization ( ! masses & ! accompli%m5t ( all t = :i* he has labor$ s long & s e>ne/ly4 ,:5 ! mission>y c look ^u su* a native *ur* ) ! feel+ t x w be fai?ful to its ,"l & d ,8 "w2 :5 he c sit 9 its pews & he> s\l-n\ri%+ gospel s]mons f 8 #bcc own pupils1 n[ gr[n /rong 9 ! ,"l--!n inde$ 8 cup ( joy is full4 ,! trials & sorr[s t 7 endur$ 9 connection ) ! "w are all =gott51 & 8 only emotion is "o ( glad ?anksgiv+4 ,9 "s l&s _m mission>ies h already receiv$ ?is cr[n to _! labors2 x has be5 p>tially receiv$ 9 ,japan1 & if we are b fai?ful to our tru/ %all yet be receiv$ 9 all l&s4 #bcd ,,xiii ,,me?ods ,,( ,,"w ,mission>ies attempt 9 v>i\s ways to evangelize ! nations to :i* !y are s5t4 ,! ext5t & v>iety ( ! "w :i* ! mission>y is call$ ^u to p]=m are mu* great] ?an ! p at home are apt to ?9k4 ,he mu/ be at ! same "t a prea*]1 a tea*]1 a translator1 a f9anci]1 a judge1 an au?or1 an editor1 an ar*itect1 a musician4 ,! great v>iety ( ! "w necessitates a well-r\nd$ man4 ,all ( ^! (fices are1 9 an indirect s5se1 ways ( do+ mission "w2 b we w "h conf9e ourselves to ! consid]ation ( ! m direct & positive me?ods 9 vogue 9 ,japan4 ,^! are direct evangelization1 educational "w1 lit]>y "w1 & m$ical "w4 ,direct ,evangelization ,by ?is ,i mean ! actual propagation ( ! gospel1 by ^w ( m\?1 to ! p to :om #bce we are s5t4 ,i m5tion ?is fir/ because ,i reg>d x z ! mo/ important ( all me?ods4 ,! supreme vocation ( ! mission>y is1 n to educate1 n to heal1 b to prea* ! gospel4 ,x is well = mission bo>ds & mission>ies to rememb] ?is1 = !re is dang] 9 _m places ( mak+ ?is prim>y me?od second>y to education4 ,:ile x is probably true t ! evangelization ( ! masses w dep5d ultimately ^u ! ef=ts ( ! native m9i/ry1 ?is %\ld n !re=e be con/ru$ to mean t ! =eign mission>y has no?+ to d ) ?is dep>tm5t ( ! "w4 ,he %\ld p]sonally engage 9 ?is evangeli/ic "w1 %\ld himself come into actual contact ) ! unevangeliz$ masses1 & %\ld proclaim ! gospel directly to !m4 ,9 ?is way only c he und]/& ?or\ghly ! nature ( ! "w 9 :i* he is engag$1 & be enabl$ to sympa?ize ) & advise 8 evangeli/s4 ,he %\ld n only tra9 native evangeli/s1 b %\ld be an evangeli/ himself1 tea*+ 8 help]s1 by e>ne/1 zeal\s example z well z by precept1 "r me?ods ( ! proclamation ( ! gospel4 ,su* "w mu/ also be> direct fruit 9 ! conv]sion ( s\ls2 = ev5 9 ?is l&1 9 spite ( ! great nationalism & /rong prejudice aga9/ =eign]s1 a =eign] w draw l>g] congregations & be li/5$ to ) m att5tion ?an #bcf a native4 ,& ?is is n simply because ( curiosity2 ! p h m confid5ce 9 8 ability prop]ly to repres5t ! =eign religion4 ,= ^! reasons1 !n1 viz41 = ! sake ( ! s\ls he may w91 = ! sake ( ! example he may set to 8 help]s1 & = 8 own sake1 t he may rightly und]/& & appreciate ! "w1 e mission>y %\ld1 z f> z possible1 be an evangeli/4 ,?is is emphasiz$ "h because 9 _m places ! evangeli/ic "w is 9 dang] ( be+ subord9at$ to ! educational1 & mission>ies are n lack+ :o take ! /range gr\nd t x is nei!r necess>y nor pr(itable = ! mission>y p]sonally to come into contact ) ! unevangeliz$ masses4 ,?is seems to me to be a v mi/ak5 view ( ! sph]e ( ! =eign work]4 ,he %\ld n only tra9 help]s1 support & advise !m1 b he %\ld also g ) !m among ! p & prea* to !m himself4 ,! direct propagation ( ! gospel may be ei!r local or it9]at+4 ,! mission>y may reside 9 "o place1 h a fix$ *apel1 & !re tea* all :o come to him2 or he may g on long t\rs ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 prea*+ f t[n to t[n & f village to village4 ,9 g5]al ^! me?ods are comb9$ 9 ,japan4 ,! mission>y is locat$ 9 "o t[n & to ! "w !re gives mo/ ( 8 att5tion2 b he #bcg also at /at$ int]vals visits ! surr\nd+ t[ns & c\ntry1 do+ evangeli/ic "w :]ev] he c4 ,,local ,,evangelism4--,= obvi\s reasons1 local evangeli/ic "w yields ! greate/ returns4 ,to x ! mission>y gives 8 con/ant c>e & att5tion1 :ile 8 visits to ! c\ntry are only p]iodical4 ,local evangeli/ic "w 9 ,japan is c>ri$ on some:at 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,a h\se1 z c5trally locat$ 9 ! t[n z possible1 is r5t$ & fitt$ up z a *apel4 ,! only furni%+s ne$$ are a small table & "s lamps4 ,japanese h\ses are s con/ruct$ t ! :ole wall on ! /reet side c be remov$1 & p /&+ 9 ! /reet c see & he> all t is go+ on )94 ,9 ?is new *apel1 "o or two ev5+s a week1 ! gospel w be prea*$4 ,9 ,*9a !re is prea*+ 9 su* *apels e day1 b 9 ,japan ! p w n come (t5] ?an once or twice a week4 ,9 all probability bo? ! mission>y & ! native evangeli/ w prea* ! same ev5+1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,at fir/ v few p w come into ! h\se1 b numb]s w congregate 9 ! /reet & w li/5 to :at is said4 ,aft] ! s]vice is ov] an opportunity is giv5 = p]sonal conv]sation on religi\s topics4 ,by & by a little int]e/ is manife/$1 & "s beg9 to come into ! h\se4 ,a great #bch deal has be5 ga9$ :5 p w g s f> z to come up into ! ,*ri/ian *apel1 9 pla9 view ( ! multitudes1 & he> ! s]mon4 ,9 _m cases ! native evangeli/ lives 9 ! *apel 79 ! same build+1 b occupy+ diff]5t rooms7 & daily meets & talks ) p ab\t religion4 ,9 ?is way he he>s ( ^? :o are int]e/$1 & he & ! mission>y visit su* 9 _! homes & conv]se privately ) !m4 ,9 my own mission1 z soon z any are int]e/$1 !y are organiz$ into a cate*etical class1 :i* meets weekly1 & are ?or\ghly in/ruct$ 9 ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism4 ,b ,i f9d t unless ?is is prec$$ by m elem5t>y in/ruction ?is excell5t little manual w n be well und]/ood4 ,real inquir]s are glad to come & /udy ! cate*ism & ! ,bible1 & !y /udy !m well4 ,"s ( ! mo/ satisfactory "w ,i h done 9 ,japan has be5 along ! l9e ( cate*etical in/ruction4 ,"s ( ! l>g] missions work+ "h h n be5 suffici5tly c>eful ab\t giv+ _! conv]ts s\nd elem5t>y in/ruction 9 ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 b h left !m to ga!r all ! necess>y k f ! s]mons !y he> & ! in/ruction giv5 9 ! ,sunday-s*ools4 ,"o ( ! desid]ata ( mo/ missions 9 ,japan is m sy/ematic cate*etical in/ruction4 ,among ! fir/ ?+s a mission>y does 9 #bci beg9n+ "w 9 a t[n is to op5 a ,sunday-s*ool4 ,! *ildr5 are g5]ally m accessible ?an ! old] p1 & _m ( !m w come to ! s*ool4 ,!y _c at fir/ be organiz$ into classes1 z _! int]e/ is n suffici5tly great to induce !m to att5d regul>ly & to /udy4 ,! fir/ in/ruction is usually by means ( l>ge ,bible pictures t cat* ! eye & tea* a religi\s tru?4 ,by & by1 :5 ! "w becomes m sub/antial & ! int]e/ m develop$1 ! pupils c be organiz$ into classes & m sy/ematic in/ruction giv54 ,if !re are any ,*ri/ians 9 connection ) ! *apel _! *ildr5 =m ! backbone ( ! ,sunday-s*ool4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! "t ( ! mission>y do+ local evangeli/ic "w1 if he is wise1 w be occupi$ 9 h\se-to-h\se visitation4 ,! ,japanese are a v social p1 & x is wond]ful h[ a little p]sonal k9dness & int]e/ 9 !m w break d[n ! prejudice aga9/ u & our "w4 ,z a rule1 ! mission>y :o goes into a native home ) humility1 simplicity1 & love w ga9 ! good w ( ! :ole h\sehold4 ,m5 feel fre] to talk ab\t religi\s subjects 9 ! privacy ( _! own homes4 ,9 a disc\rse to a promiscu\s audi5ce ! tru? is scatt]$ broadca/1 & ea* "o cat*es :at he c2 b 9 a private #bdj conv]sation 9 ! home ! tru? especially adapt$ to ! he>] c be giv54 ,x is l a man try+ to fill a bottle ) wat]2 he w get x full mu* quick] by tak+ x up 9 8 h& & p\r+ ! wat] into x ?an by ?r[+ a :ole b[lful at x f a di/ance4 ,x is a v pleasant exp]i5ce to ent] a fri5dly home 9 ! ev5+1 to sit ar\nd ! social hiba*i 7fire-box71 sip tea1 & talk ab\t ! great que/ions ( "t & et]nity4 ,"o is g5]ally receiv$ ) cordiality & made to feel at home4 ,he is li/5$ to att5tively & respectfully1 & ! que/ions ask$ are intellig5t1 appreciative ones4 ,if ! mission>y expects 8 ho/ imm$iately to be conv9c$ by 8 eloqu5ce1 to agree to all he says1 to disc>d at once 8 old religion & embrace ! new1 he w be disappo9t$4 ,b if he is cont5t to seek an opportunity to pres5t ! tru? "u mo/ favorable circum/ances1 leav+ x to d its own "w sil5tly & gradually1 he w be sure to f9d x4 ,h\se-to-h\se visitation & p]sonal talks ) ! p are ( great importance 9 local evangeli/ic "w4 ,b 9 do+ su* "w great c>e %\ld be tak5 to comply /rictly ) ,japanese etiquette & rules ( propriety1 & especially to avoid a haughty be>+4 ,! ord9>y native home is mu* small]1 simpl]1 #bda & frequ5tly dirti]1 ?an ! mission>y's1 & ! p are con/antly wat*+ = any recognition ( ?is fact on 8 "p4 ,he %\ld c>efully gu>d himself aga9/ any look or expression :i* might imply 8 sup]iority1 or 8 dissatisfaction ) ?+s ar\nd him4 ,i h be5 bo? amus$ & pa9$ by ov]he>+ ,japanese imitate ! say+s & actions ( two visit+ mission>ies4 ,accord+ to ! imitation1 ! "o be>s himself haughtily & pr\dly2 z soon z he comes ne> ! door he in/9ctively draws back z ?\gh fe>+ bad odors2 :5 he comes 9 he b[s /iffly1 seats himself on ! be/ mat1 c>efully draws up 8 clo!s z ?\gh fe>+ contam9ation1 ca/s a scornful look at ! b>e walls1 utt]s a few commonplace s5tim5ts1 & ha/ily dep>ts4 ,! o!r "o comes ) a *e]y greet+1 a smil+ c\nt5ance1 & a humble demeanor4 ,he nev] notices ! l[ly h\se & b>e walls1 b quietly & unconc]n$ly takes ! place assign$ him1 freely & appreciatively p>takes ( ! tea & cakes set be=e him1 & k9dly & sympa!tically talks ) ! p z "o ( !m4 ,x is v evid5t :i* "o ( ^! two w d ! mo/ good4 ,z soon z ! "w gr[s & a small company ( believ]s has be5 ga!r$ ! duties ( ! mission>y increase4 ,!re n[ re/s ^u #bdb him t burd5 :i* s oppress$ ,paul--! c>e ( ! *ur*es4 ,he mu/ look aft] ! regul> wor%ip ( ! *ur*1 mu/ develop 9 8 p a *ur*-go+ s5tim5t1 & mu/ in/ruct !m 9 ! obs]vance ( all ,*ri/ian duties4 ,9 ?is "w he w ne$ mu* pati5ce1 wisdom1 & zeal4 ,! native conv]ts1 n hav+ g5]ations ( ,*ri/ian ance/ors z we h1 w ne$ (t to be exhort$1 (t rebuk$1 & lov$ mu*4 ,*ri/ian duties t are ) u almo/ habitual mu/ be urg$ ^u ^! p "t & aga94 ,! *ur* mu/ be organiz$ & develop$ into an h>moni\s work+ body4 ,9 all ( ?is ! mission>y is =tunate if he has ! assi/ance ( a wise1 godly native help]4 ,p]haps ! mo/ attractive & int]e/+ feature ( all mission "w is ?is =m+ & mold+1 "u "o's own h&1 ( ! !ology1 ! life1 & ! activities ( a "y *ur*4 ,! "o :o is privileg$ to d ?is occupies a position ( responsibility ?an :i* none c\ld be great]4 ,may ,god give u grace to d x aright4 ,,it9]at+ ,,evangelism4--,no true mission>y liv+ 9 a non-,*ri/ian l& w conf9e 8 labors to ! t[n 9 :i* he resides4 ,8 he>t w be con/antly ye>n+ ov] ! p 9 ! surr\nd+ t[ns & c\ntry1 & he w gladly take advantage ( e opportunity #bdc to make !m occasional visits1 tell+ to !m also ! old1 old /ory4 ,b !re are o!r work]s ^: sole bus9ess x is to visit ^! outly+ po9ts & c>ry a k ( ! gospel to ^? :o _c h regul> gospel m9i/rations4 ,p]haps ?is feature ( mission>y "w is ! "o mo/ prom95t 9 ! m9ds ( ! p at home1 :o are fond ( pictur+ _! mission>y z a man :o goes ab\t f t[n to t[n & f village to village1 proclaim+ ! gospel to all :o w he>4 ,*ri/ianity is by nature diffusive4 ,x spreads itself z naturally z ! leav5 spreads 9 ! meal4 ,confucius taught3 ,! philosoph] ne$ n g ab\t to proclaim 8 doctr9es2 if he has ! tru? ! p w come to him4 ,9 /rik+ contra/ to ?is ,*ri/ taught3 ,g ye into all ! _w1 & prea* ! gospel to e creature4 ,we are n only to tea* ^? :o come to u1 b we are also to g out 9 se>* ( he>]s1 to c>ry our message to ! p4 ,:5 our ,savi\r 0 ^u e>? ! "w ,he did 0 l>gely it9]at+2 go+ ab\t f place to place1 tea*+ 9 ! synagogue1 by ! wayside1 or on ! sea-%ore4 ,! disciples 7 all it9]at+ evangeli/s1 c>ry+ _! message f city to city & f l& to l&4 #bdd ,/4 ,paul 0 an it9]at+ mission>y on a l>ge scale4 ,n cont5t to abide long 9 any "o place1 b look+ out cont9ually to ! regions beyond1 8 life 0 "o ceaseless activity 9 it9]at+ evangelism4 ,! mission>ies ?r\gh :om nor!rn ,europe & ,engl& 7 conv]t$ 7 it9]ants4 ,& ^? :o to-day 9 mission fields take _! valises well /ock$ ) tracts & s]mons & g out into ! c\ntry on long evangeli/ic t\rs c feel t !y are foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( wor?y exempl>s4 ,we c h>dly ov]e/imate ! importance ( ?is "w4 ,! ^w ( m\? is /ill ! mo/ effective means ( convey+ a message to ! masses1 & a k ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciples t c\ld else h>dly be giv5 is 9 ?is way spread abroad ?r\gh\t ! l&4 ,illu/ration3 ,j9riki%as4 ,! facilities = it9]at+ 9 ,japan are excell5t4 ,mo/ ( ! important po9ts are easily rea*$ by rail or wat]4 ,b 9 g5]al1 on an it9]at+ t\r1 ! mission>y has little use = ! /eam]s & railways4 ,! po9ts he wants to visit are n on ! great ?or\ghf>es1 b are 9 out-(-!-way places4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a good sy/em ( roads1 & ! j9riki%a1 :i* is ev]y:]e f\nd1 is easily capable ( c>ry+ "o #dj or #ej miles a day4 ,?is little c>t resembles a buggy1 except t x has only two :eels & is mu* small]4 ,! seat is #bde j l>ge en\gh to accommodate "o p]son4 ,a small ,japanese coolie betwe5 ! %afts furni%es all ! necess>y motive p[]4 ,^! are v conv5i5t & com=table little conveyances1 & are ! ones 9 ord9>y use by mission>ies 9 _! it9]at+ "w4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ! bicycle has become popul> = ?is purpose4 ,z ! :eel has be5 made to s]ve almo/ e o!r int]e/1 x is b fair t x %\ld also s]ve ! gospel4 ,p]haps to-day "o half ( all ! male mission>ies 9 ,japan ride :eels4 ,!y h decid$ advantages ov] ! j9riki%a1 *iefly 9 ! way ( spe$1 p]sonal com=t1 & pleasure4 ,i wi% my read]s c\ld see _! repres5tatives 9 ,japan j />t+ on _! :eels = a t\r 9 ! int]ior4 ,dress$ 9 neglige %irts1 caps1 & knick]bock]s1 ) a l>ge bundle ti$ ^u ! :eel 9 front ( ea* "o1 !y pres5t a comical appe>ance4 ,_m s]mons h be5 prea*$ 9 ,japan 9 neglige %irts & knick]bock]s4 ,!re are nice1 clean little inns 9 all ! villages & t[ns1 & ! mission>y is n put to su* /raits = a place 9 :i* to re/ & sleep z he is sometimes 9 o!r mission fields4 ,b z ! food (f]$ him is unpalatable to mo/ =eign]s1 he c>ries ) him a few ?+s1 su* z bread1 cann$ meats1 & cond5s$ milk4 #bdf ,! spl5did telegraph sy/em ext5d+ ov] all ,japan keeps him 9 communication ) 8 family & fri5ds1 no matt] :]e he may g1 & he ne$ n hesitate to g into ! int]ior on t score4 ,a good daily mail sy/em is also at h& to c>ry 8 lett]s4 ,=m]ly ! greate/ h9drance to it9]at+ 9 ,japan 0 ! difficulty ( obta9+ passports to travel 9 ! int]ior4 ,no "o 0 p]mitt$ to g outside ( c]ta9 limits )\t a special passport1 & su* passports 7 only giv5 = two purposes3 = heal?1 & = sci5tific obs]vation4 ,! gov]nm5t did n int5d by ?is re/riction to prohibit mission "w 9 ! int]ior1 b aim$ simply to prohibit =eign]s f engag+ 9 int]ior trade4 ,z ! mission>ies 7 n go+ = purposes ( trade1 _m ( !m avail$ !mselves ( ^! passports2 b !re 7 "s ^: consci5ces w\ld n p]mit !m s to d4 ,sev]al high (ficials 7 directly spok5 to ab\t ! matt] by mission>ies2 & !y repli$ t1 9 ! eyes ( ! law1 a man c\ld want to travel = only ?ree purposes3 = heal?1 = trade1 or = sci5tific obs]vation4 ,z ?is re/riction 0 simply to prev5t =eign]s f engag+ 9 int]ior trade1 & z ! mission>ies 7 n go+ = t purpose1 !y 7 told t !y %\ld g on ) _! "w4 ,! gov]nm5t knew well #bdg ! purpose = :i* !y 7 go+1 & p]mitt$ x2 h5ce _! consci5ces might be at re/4 ,^! explanations on ! "p ( ! (ficials remov$ ! difficulty 9 ! m9ds ( "s1 b n ( all4 ,=tunately1 s9ce ! revision ( ! treaties1 passports are grant$ )\t any "q z to ! purpose = :i* !y are want$1 & all :o ask x are freely giv5 p]mission to travel :]e !y w4 ,s9ce ?is re/riction has be5 remov$ m it9]at+ is be+ done1 & x is probable t x w /ill increase4 ,! mission>y does two k9ds ( it9]at+ 9 ,japan3 7#a7 he visits p]iodically a l>ge numb] ( out/ations1 :]e are native evangeli/s2 7#b7 he goes into regions :]e !re are no evangeli/s & h]alds ! gospel4 ,it9]at+ among /ations :]e native work]s are locat$ & regul> "w kept up is by f> ! mo/ frequ5t4 ,^! t\rs are g5]ally made ab\t e two or ?ree mon?s1 "o mission>y visit+ p]haps a doz5 /ations4 ,! local evangeli/ makes all prep>ations = ! meet+s1 :i* are g5]ally ( a special "*4 ,!re w probably be a special prea*+ s]vice = non-believ]s1 & a communion s]vice ) ! ,*ri/ians4 ,if !re are any baptisms ! sacram5t is !n adm9i/]$4 ,! visit ( ! mission>y is int5d$ to be z mu* a /imulus & enc\ragem5t to ! evangeli/ #bdh z any?+ else4 ,^! m51 liv+ 9 out-(-!-way places :]e !re are few1 if any1 ,*ri/ians1 are apt to get despond5t & disc\rag$1 & !y ne$ occasionally ! sympa?y & advice ( a fell[-work]4 ,! mission>y :o has *>ge ( ?is k9d ( "w is a sort ( bi%op1 ) an ext5d$ p>i%4 ,:5 fields :]e no regul> "w is c>ri$ on are visit$ ! "w is necess>ily diff]5t4 ,9 ?is case ! mission>y mu/ take 8 help] ) him4 ,he seldom goes alone1 = v>i\s reasons4 ,:5 on "o ( ^! t\rs he w sp5d "o or two days 9 a village1 talk+ p]sonally ) all :o w come to him4 ,v likely he w r5t a room 9 ! inn 9 :i* he is /opp+1 & he & 8 help] w !re prea* "o or two ev5+s4 ,sometimes1 if ! wea!r is good1 he obta9s p]mission ( ! au?orities to hold ! meet+ 9 ! op5 air1 & prea*es on ! /reet or 9 ! public squ>es4 ,:]ev] an audi5ce c be ga!r$ ! message is told4 ,aft] "o or two days sp5t 9 ?is mann] !y move on to ! next t[n1 & !re d z !y did be=e1 ?us go+ _! :ole r\nd4 ,! mo/ t is accompli%$ by ?is me?od ( prea*+ is to spread abroad a g5]al k ( ,*ri/ianity among ! p & break d[n _! prejudice aga9/ x4 ,n _m conv]sions result f x4 #bdi ,"s may ask :at k9d ( s]mons "o prea*es on ^! it9]at+ t\rs4 ,!y %\ld be ( ! pla9e/1 simple/ "*4 ,x is pr(itable to consume a good deal ( "t 9 disprov+ ! false ideas :i* prevail conc]n+ ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 giv+ ! p correct views ( its nature4 ,! nature ( ,god mu/ be c>efully expla9$1 bo? because ! ^w we use = ,god is 9 ,japanese applicable to an e>?ly h]o z well z to a div9e be+1 & because ! div9ities ( ,japan diff] v mu* 9 nature f ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ,god4 ,"o c prea* a long "t on s9 be=e gett+ ! p prop]ly to und]/& x4 ,! ,japanese are really )\t any s5se ( s91 & h no ^w 9 _! language to express ! idea exactly4 ,we use ! ^w :i* means crime or (f5se aga9/ ! laws ( ! l&4 ,!n ! old /ory ( ,*ri/ simply told always comm&s a he>+ ev]y:]e4 ,! k9d ( it9]at+ la/ describ$ is op5 to s]i\s objection4 ,x is unc]ta9 & fitful4 ,"o visit may be made to a t[n ea* ye>1 or "s ye>s n ev5 "o4 ,no provision is made = c>ry+ on ! "w1 or = keep+ alive any int]e/ t may h be5 ar\s$4 ,to be made v pr(itable su* it9]at+ %\ld be regul> & sy/ematic2 ! visits %\ld n be too f> ap>t2 & z soon z "s inquir]s are #bej f\nd1 a native evangeli/ %\ld be /ation$ !re to c>e = !m4 ,:5 conduct$ 9 ?is way x is conducive ( great good4 ,educational ,"w ,! educational dep>tm5t ( mission "w has 9 rec5t ye>s be5 com+ m & m into prom95ce4 ,?is feature ( ! "w attracts ! att5tion ( ! visitor f ! home l&s m ?an any o!r1 because x makes m %[4 ,! impos+ build+s t are erect$1 & ! l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts t c be ga!r$ into !m1 make a favorable impression4 ,educational "w is g5]ally m attractive ?an evangeli/ic4 ,! =m] is regul>1 :ile ! latt] is desultory4 ,! =m] is cont9u\s1 occupy+ "o's "t & att5tion e day2 ! latt] is int]mitt5t4 ,! =m] c be pursu$ at home1 & ! mission>y c enjoy ! con/ant society ( 8 family2 ! latt] takes him away f 8 family & occupies him abroad4 ,educational "w is usually c>ri$ on 9 ! op5 ports & l>ge cities1 :]e "o enjoys all ! conv5i5ces ( life1 ) sympa!tic society2 evangeli/ic "w takes ! mission>y into ! int]ior1 :]e !re are few conv5i5ces & no society4 ,la/ly1 educational "w is m #bea or less welcom$ by ! natives1 :ile evangeli/ic "w is unwelcome4 ,japan possesses a l>ge numb] ( mission s*ools4 ,_! impos+ build+s are se5 9 almo/ e city ( ! empire4 ,e mission ( l>ge size has its s*ools = bo? boys & girls4 ,! annual support ( ^! s*ools co/s ! v>i\s bo>ds m money ?an all ! evangeli/ic "w t is done 9 ,japan4 ,m mission>ies are engag$ 9 educational ?an 9 evangeli/ic "w4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( educational "w seems necess>y to ! success ( e mission4 ,fir/ 9 importance is !ological tra9+4 ,a body ( well-tra9$ native pa/ors is absolutely ess5tial4 ,especially 9 ?is l&1 :]e !re are _m educat$ p & :]e all =ms ( rationalism & skepticism are rife1 is x necess>y t ! evangeli/ h a lib]al education1 t he be well root$ & gr\nd$ 9 ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 & able to answ] ! philosophical objections to ,*ri/ianity t meet him on e side4 ,an educat$ m9i/ry is j z necess>y 9 ,japan z x is 9 ! ,we/1 & ! s*ools t are provid+ su* a m9i/ry are do+ a good "w4 ,b "s ( ! me?ods us$ by !m are op5 to criticism4 ,h]et(ore mo/ !ological tra9+ has be5 9 ! ,engli% language1 & #beb ! language alone has tak5 up a great deal ( ! /ud5t's "t & /r5g?4 ,& aga91 v few ,japanese "y m5 ga9 a suffici5t k ( ,engli% to appreciate or d]ive full b5efit f a !ological c\rse 9 t language4 ,aga9/ ?is is urg$ ! paucity ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature 9 ,japanese1 & ! wide field ( religi\s ?\ght :i* a k ( ! ,engli% language op5s to ! /ud5t4 ,?is is v true2 b if ! same am\nt ( "t & en]gy t has be5 exp5d$ 9 in/ruction 9 ,engli% _h be5 giv5 to ! creation ( a native ,*ri/ian lit]ature ! evil w\ld n exi/4 ,i am glad to note t rec5tly ne>ly all ! !ological s*ools h introduc$ c\rses 9 ! v]nacul> = ^? :o _c take ! ,engli% c\rse4 ,x w\ld be well if ! ,engli% c\rse 7 disp5s$ ) entirely & all in/ruction 7 giv5 9 ! v]nacul>4 ,_m ( ! missions op]at+ 9 ,japan h s5t wor?y "y m5 to ,am]ica & ,engl& = !ological tra9+4 ,9 ne>ly e in/ance ?is has prov$ an unwise inve/m5t4 ,! good p at home take up ^! "y m5 & nurse & pet !m until !y are completely spoil$4 ,!y come back to ,japan unfitt$ by ta/e & education = ! position !y mu/ occupy & ! "w !y mu/ d4 ,mo/ ( !m become dissatisfi$ 9 ! "w aft] a few #bec ye>s4 ,=eign education l>gely d5ationalizes !m & removes !m f ! sympa?ies ( _! own p4 ,( c\rse !re h be5 "s exceptions to ?is rule2 b1 9 g5]al1 exp]i5ce has prov$ t locally tra9$ evangeli/s are be/ suit$ = ! "w & give mo/ satisfaction 9 x4 ,by ?is x is n int5d$ to imply t ,japanese pa/ors & tea*]s %\ld n h ! advantages (f]$ by ! ,we/]n sem9>ies :5 !y desire !m & are able to obta9 !m = !mselves4 ,!y are z capable ( receiv+ advanc$ in/ruction z we are1 & h ! same "r to x4 ,b ! money :i* =eign bo>ds sp5d = tra9+ evangeli/s %\ld be sp5t 9 ! field4 ,besides ! !ological s*ools !re are l>ge numb]s ( academical s*ools = "y m51 9 :i* a great deal ( mission money is sp5t4 ,9 ju/ification ( ^! x is argu$ t !y are necess>y = ! prep>atory tra9+ ( evangeli/s4 ,x is said t ! education ( ^! future pa/ors ( ! *ur* %\ld be ,*ri/ian f ! beg9n+1 & ?is is true4 ,b m ?an half ! evangeli/s n[ labor+ 9 ,japan h n receiv$ su* tra9+4 ,! education !y receiv$ f gov]nm5t & private s*ools answ]s v well 9 _! case4 ,actual exp]i5ce has prov$ t1 :atev] may be ! #bed aim ( ^! academies1 z a matt] ( fact !y d n tra9 evangeli/s4 ,mo/ ( ! m5 :o take _! full c\rse ent] o!r pr(essions4 ,"o ( ! olde/ missions 9 ,japan1 employ+ ab\t tw5ty evangeli/s1 has among !m only "o man :o has tak5 ! full academical c\rse 9 its mission college2 b _m m5 h be5 educat$ at ! *ur*'s exp5se = o!r pr(essions4 ,aga91 x is said 9 ju/ification ( ^! academies & _! l>ge exp5diture ( mission money t a ,*ri/ian education mu/ be provid$ = ! *ildr5 ( ! con/itu5cy ( ! mission4 ,! *ur* provides a ,*ri/ian education = h] sons & daught]s at home2 :y %\ld %e n d x = h] w>ds abroad8 ,f> be x f me to attempt to m9imize ! importance ( ,*ri/ian education2 b w x n be "t en\gh = su* education :5 ! con/itu5cy ( ! native *ur* feels its ne$ to su* an ext5t t x w dem& ?is education itself1 support ! s*ools ) its money1 & s5d its sons & daught]s to !m8 ,at pres5t ev5 ! ,*ri/ian p frequ5tly pref] a gov]nm5t s*ool to a mission s*ool2 & !y (t5 s5d _! *ildr5 to ! latt]1 :5 !y d s5d !m1 because !y w !re be giv5 f9ancial aid4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,*ri/ian s*ools did a good "w 9 ,japan4 ,be=e ! gov]nm5t #bee s*ools 7 br\ght up to _! pres5t /&>d ! mission s*ools 7 well patroniz$1 & !y consid]ably b5efit$ ! cause ( missions4 ,b to-day ! gov]nm5t has s*ools ( e grade1 & frequ5tly !y are bett] ?an ! mission s*ools4 ,! /ud5ts :o =m]ly flock$ to ! mission s*ools n[ flock to ^? ( ! gov]nm5t1 & ! =m] h b few pupils4 ,! times h *ang$1 & ^! l>ge1 exp5sive s*ools are n[ h>dly ne$$4 ,9 s f> z !y are ne$$ = ! prep>atory tra9+ ( a native m9i/ry1 & c be made to s]ve t end1 !y may be all "r1 b c]ta9ly z an evangeliz+ ag5cy !y are n ju/ifi$4 ,! native *ur* %\ld be enc\rag$ & /imulat$ to educate its own *ildr52 x might ev5 be assi/$ 9 ! attempt1 :5 x has %[n an hone/ ef=t to d ?is2 b its *ildr5 %\ld n be educat$ = x by ! mission free ( *>ge4 ,to sp5d s l>ge an am\nt ( ! p's money 9 purely secul> education seems to me a misappropriation ( funds4 ,m ?an half ! mission s*ools 9 ,japan are bo>d+-s*ools = girls4 ,ne>ly all ! unm>ri$ wom5 engag$ 9 mission "w are 9 ^! s*ools1 & !re are _m ( !m4 ,"s ( ^! s*ools h v f9e locations & build+s1 ab\t z good z ^? ( ! av]age #bef girls' college at home4 ,t !y are m popul> & bett] patroniz$ ?an ^? = boys is because ! gov]nm5t does n provide = ! high] education ( girls z x does = boys4 ,! purpose ( ^! girls' bo>d+-s*ools is to tra9 up e>ne/ ,*ri/ian wom51 :o w be ! wives & mo!rs ( ! new ,japan4 ,x is said t if ! mo!rs ( ! nation are made ,*ri/ian ! evangelization ( ! :ole p w spe$ily foll[4 ,?is purpose is a wor?y "o4 ,mo/ ( ! girls :o ent] ^! mission s*ools become ,*ri/ians1 & ! tra9+ giv5 !m seems to be good4 ,i rec5tly att5d$ ! clos+ ex]cises ( "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ^!1 & 0 surpris$ at ! progress made by ! girls4 ,!y c\ld pa9t & draw1 & recite classical music z well z ! "y ladies ( ! sem9>ies at home2 & ,i h no d\bt t ! graduates leave ! s*ools pure-m9d$1 e>ne/ ,*ri/ians1 ) wor?y aims & aspirations1 & ) a full int5tion to ex]t _! influ5ce = ,god & ,8 *ur*4 ,b alas6 :5 !y g back to _! homes ! position ,japanese etiquette assigns !m s effectually ties _! h&s t ! results are bitt]ly disappo9t+4 ,i w m5tion "o case :i* came "u my own obs]vation4 ,a "y lady 0 educat$ by a mission s*ool 9 a c]ta9 city1 :o 0 not$ = h] piety & #beg e>ne/ ,*ri/ian _s4 ,h] tea*]s _h mo/ extravagant hopes z to ! /rong positive influ5ce %e w\ld ex]t = ,*ri/ianity4 ,aft] h] graduation %e sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ! same s*ool z a tea*]1 & h] ,*ri/ian life 0 broad5$ & deep5$ by long] & m intimate contact ) ! =eign tea*]s4 ,%e f9ally m>ri$ & remov$ to h] new home1 9 a di/ant city4 ,!re %e att5d$ *ur* once or twice & !n /opp$ entirely4 ,nei!r ! urg5t p]sonal reque/ ( ! native pa/or nor ! (t-repeat$ invitation ( ! ,*ri/ian congregation c\ld induce h] to come any m4 ,in/ead ( ex]t+ an influ5ce = good ^u o!rs %e h]self became a fit subject = mission "w4 ,i h kn[n sev]al cases ( ?is k9d1 & all mission>ies h _h ! same exp]i5ce4 ,social conditions 9 ,japan are su* t a girl m>ry+ into a non-,*ri/ian home c ex]t little ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,b admitt+ = ! mom5t ! utility ( ?is ,*ri/ian tra9+ = ! girls1 ^! l>ge s*ools are op5 to s]i\s objections on o!r gr\nds4 ,! c\rse is too long1 & ! in/ruction giv5 too advanc$4 ,9 _m ( ^! s*ools ! girls are kept = twelve or f\rte5 ye>s4 ,dur+ all ?is "t !y are m or less support$ by mission funds1 ev5 d[n to p9-money4 ,!y are taught all k9ds ( ab/ract #beh sci5ces & advanc$ ideas t c be ( no possible use to !m4 ,lat9 & ,greek1 biology1 geology1 psy*ology1 & _m o!r ?+s are taught !m t !y nei!r ne$ nor c appreciate4 ,pa9t+1 draw+1 vocal & in/rum5tal music =m a prom95t "p ( ! curriculum4 ,girls are made to practise on ! piano = t5 ye>s or m :o w 9 all probability nev] see a piano aft] !y leave s*ool4 ,( c\rse ^! are n ! only subjects taught2 m useful ones are taught z well4 ,if mission s*ools = ! education ( girls %\ld exi/ at all ! in/ruction %\ld be mu* m elem5t>y & practical4 ,a c\rse ( two or ?ree ye>s1 tea*+ !m h[ wisely to fill _! position z wives & mo!rs1 w\ld amply suffice4 ,x is claim$ by ! ,japanese ) great reason t ^! s*ools unfit ! girls = ! sph]e !y mu/ occupy 9 aft] life4 ,a life ( t51 twelve1 or f\rte5 ye>s 9 con/ant association ) =eign tea*]s1 9 a =eign build+1 ) all necess>ies & conv5i5ces suppli$1 pursu+ a pleasant c\rse ( /udy1 does n fit ! pupil = life 9 h] humble home4 ,no wond] %e loves ! s*ool & dreads to see ! day approa*+ :5 %e mu/ leave x4 ,hav+ liv$ s long "u mu* bett] circum/ances1 h] home1 ) its ?at*$ ro(1 n>r[ walls1 #bei & homely duties1 becomes di/a/eful to h]4 ,( :at use n[ are h] music & pa9t+1 h] ,lat9 & ,greek1 :5 h] "t mu/ be sp5t 9 boil+ rice & m5d+ old1 worn-out clo!s8 ,!re is su* a ?+ z educat+ p above _! sph]e 9 life1 & su* education is m hurtful ?an o!rwise4 ,b x is said1 ,we are tra9+ future ,bible-wom5 :o w g out & tea* ! gospel to _! c\ntry-wom54 ,9 reply to ?is x c be answ]$ t n a great _m graduates ( girls' s*ools become ,bible-wom52 & x is ! exp]i5ce ( ne>ly e mission>y t ! be/ ,bible-wom5 are middle-ag$ wom51 :o may nev] h be5 9 a mission s*ool4 ,aga91 x is said t x is wor? :ile to h ^! s*ools if only to tra9 educat$ ,*ri/ian wives = ! native evangeli/s4 ,b _m ( ! evangeli/s1 ev5 among ^? :o !mselves h receiv$ a m or less =eign tra9+1 pref] wives :o h nev] be5 9 a mission s*ool1 say+ t ^! girls :o h liv$ s long "u bett] surr\nd+s w n be cont5t$ & happy 9 ! homes !y c provide4 ,x is also true t _m ( ! "y ladies :o graduate f ^! s*ools object to m>ry+ at all1 feel+ t !y h be5 unfitt$ = ! life !y w\ld h to lead4 ,a v s]i\s objection to ! pres5t #bfj educational me?od 9 use by _m missions 9 ,japan is t x h9d]s self-support 9 ! native *ur*es4 ,^! l>ge =eign plants1 ) _! co/ly appliances1 c nev] be support$ by ! native *ur*es1 & ! evid5t futility ( ! ef=t s disc\rages !m t !y w n ev5 d :at !y c4 ,! day :5 ! *ur*es ( ,japan c become self-support+ is v mu* po/pon$ by ! exi/5ce ( ^! co/ly s*ools4 ,at pres5t ! native *ur*es c\ld h>dly keep ! s*ool build+s 9 repair4 ,! :ole "w ( missions 9 ,japan 0 9 ! beg9n+ project$ on too high a plane4 ,to _m x seems a great mi/ake t su* l>ge & co/ly build+s 7 erect$ & ! s*ools />t$ on a =eign basis4 ,%\ld n ! build+s h be5 entirely ( native ar*itecture f ! beg9n+1 & ! educational "w project$ on a plane correspond+ to ,japanese life8 ,if small wood5 h\ses1 ) /raw ro(s & no furniture1 are good en\gh = ^! p to live 9 & to transact all k9ds ( bus9ess 91 !n !y are good en\gh = !m to /udy 9 & to wor%ip ,god 94 ,if f ! v beg9n+ ! s*ools & *ur*es _h be5 built on a plane correspond+ ) ord9>y ,japanese h\ses & life ! day w\ld mu* soon] h come :5 ! ,japanese !mselves c\ld und]take _! support4 ,:51 9 ! provid5ce ( #bfa ,god1 ! native *ur* %all h be5 suffici5tly develop$1 mat]ially & spiritually1 to und]take ! education ( h] *ildr5 & ! tra9+ ( h] own pa/ors1 ! mann] 9 :i* %e w d x w be v diff]5t f t 9 :i* x is n[ done by ! mission bo>ds4 ,i am aw>e t _m mission>ies 9 ,japan1 = ^: op9ions ,i h all respect1 w n agree ) ^! views4 ,b1 aft] mo/ c>eful ?\ght & inve/igation1 ! above are ! conclusions to :i* ,i h arriv$2 & ,i am glad to "k t my views are %>$ by _m ( my fell[-mission>ies4 ,x is my s9c]e conviction t mo/ ( ! money n[ be+ us$ = educational purposes 9 ,japan is misappli$1 & w\ld yield f> great] results if us$ 9 o!r ways4 ,lit]>y ,"w ,"o ( ! mo/ important & fruitful bran*es ( mission>y "w is ! lit]>y4 ,! creation ( a s\nd ,*ri/ian lit]ature is "o ( ! fir/ & mo/ imp]ative duties press+ ^u ! mission>y to ! hea!n4 ,?is is an exce$+ly difficult task4 ,:5 we ?9k ( h[ mu* labor & h[ _m preci\s lives our own ,*ri/ian lit]ature has co/ u1 we beg9 to h "s conception ( ! imm5sity ( ! task ( creat+ a ,*ri/ian #bfb lit]ature 9 a hea!n l&4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! mission>y mu/ h a complete ma/]y ( ! language1--9 ,japan an appall+ task1--& !n he mu/ create ! t]ms to express s _m ideas4 ,_m ( our ,*ri/ian ideas h no c\nt]p>t 9 non-,*ri/ian l&s1 & ! v words to express !m mu/ be co9$4 ,a common device is to take words ( k9dr$ mean+ & to make !m s]ve ! purpose1 endeavor+ to atta* our own mean+ to !m by gradual processes ( in/ruction & use4 ,?us ) ! words = ,god & s9 9 use by mo/ missions 9 ,japan4 ,^! words are kami & tsumi4 ,n[ kami is ! ^w us$ = num]\s my?ological div9ities1 ) natures v diff]5t f our ,god1 & is also appli$ to ! anci5t h]oes ( ,japan4 ,z x expresses ! idea bett] ?an any o!r ^w we h1 we use x = ,god2 b we mu/ be c>eful always to expla9 ! s5se 9 :i* we use x4 ,! ^w tsumi means crime1 or (f5se aga9/ ! laws ( ! l&4 ,our idea ( s9 is lack+ 9 ! ,japanese m9d1 & h5ce !re is no ^w t exactly expresses x4 ,we take ! ^w tsumi z be+ ne>e/ x1 & endeavor to imp>t to x our own mean+4 ,9 ?is way we h n only to translate ! ideas1 b also to co9 or modify ! words to express !m4 ,?is "w ( ! mission>y is v diff]5t #bfc f t ( translat+ ,engli% books into a ,european language :i* has a circle ( ideas simil> to our own1 = !re ! words are f\nd ready-made to express ! ideas4 ,g5]ally ! fir/ lit]>y "w to be done by mission>ies is ! translation & publication ( portions ( ,scripture & ( tracts4 ,z soon z _! k ( ! language is suffici5tly advanc$1 !y translate ! :ole ,bible & "s good hymns4 ,!n foll[ apologetical & evid5tial works1 & treatises on !ology & morality4 ,aft]w>d biographical & devotional books1 magaz9es1 & ,*ri/ian newspap]s are publi%$4 ,we _c ov]e/imate ! value ( a good ,*ri/ian newspap]4 ,x w c>ry gospel tru? to p :om ! mission>y & ! native evangeli/ _c rea*1 & x w help mu* to n\ri% & /r5g!n ! life ( ! native conv]ts4 ,9 su* a pap] ! latt] w probably see _! religion set =? 9 all its relations to ! que/ions ( practical life 9 a way !y seldom he> x done 9 s]mons4 ,i ?9k p>i% pap]s1 :i* are becom+ s common at home1 w\ld also ex]t a spl5did influ5ce 9 ,japan4 ,9 ?is field a consid]able ,*ri/ian lit]ature has already be5 creat$4 ,among ! mo/ important books translat$ s f> might be m5tion$ ! ,bible1 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 #bfd ,lu!r's ,small ,cate*ism1 ! ,heidelb]g ,cate*ism1 ,bynyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,a consid]able numb] ( books on apologetical1 evid5tial1 dogmatic1 & hi/orical !ology h be5 publi%$1 besides biographical1 e?ical1 & devotional books4 ,!re are also sev]al ,*ri/ian newspap]s1 & rec5tly ! mission>ies ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d h begun ! publication ( a ,*ri/ian magaz9e4 ,a ,*ri/ian lit]ature :i* w be a p[]ful auxili>y to our "w is at pres5t =m+ rapidly 9 ,japan4 ,m$ical ,"w ,m$ical "w is "o ( ! y\nge/ dep>tm5ts ( mission>y labor4 ,*ri/ heal$ ! body z well z ! s\l1 & x is peculi>ly fitt+ t ! mission>y be able to heal ! body likewise4 ,m$ical missions h done m 9 "s c\ntries t[>d break+ d[n ! prejudice aga9/ ,*ri/ianity ?an any o!r "o ?+4 ,doors effectually clos$ to ! evangeli/ h be5 op5$ wide to ! doctor4 ,! p[] = good ( a consecrat$ physician 9 _m mission fields is b\ndless4 ,! mission bo>ds h fully recogniz$ ?is fact1 & h wisely us$ l>ge numb]s ( m$ical mission>ies4 ,9 =m] times m$ical mission>ies accompli%$ mu* good 9 ,japan4 ,!y help$ greatly #bfe to break d[n ! prejudice & opposition to ,*ri/ianity4 ,_m :o came to ! hospitals to h _! bodies heal$ w5t away hav+ _! e>s fill$ ) words f ! great ,physician1 & _! he>ts mov$ by ! k9dness & love ( ^! ,*ri/ian doctors4 ,n only 0 mu* direct mission "w accompli%$ 9 ?is way1 b ! pr9ciples ( physiology & m$ic9e 7 also taught to l>ge numb]s ( native physicians & /ud5ts4 ,among ! m5 :o did mo/ 9 ?is "w 7 ,drs4 ,hepburn1 ,b]ry1 & ,taylor4 ,al?\gh !y h accompli%$ mu* good1 m$ical missions are no long] ne$$ 9 ,japan4 ,! ,japanese !mselves h become adepts 9 m$ical sci5ce1 & especially 9 surg]y4 ,e t[n & city has "o or m hospitals :]e compet5t m$ical consultation & treatm5t c be _h1 & ^! n[ occupy ! position =m]ly fill$ only p>tially by ! mission hospitals4 ,a few hospitals & disp5s>ies are /ill kept 9 op]ation by "s missions1 b mo/ ( !m 7 ye>s ago disp5s$ ) z no long] pr(itable4 ,we rejoice t ,japan has s f> progress$ z to be well able to c>e = ! heal? ( h] own p1 & we adapt ourselves to ! *ang$ circum/ances1 div]t+ into m fruitful *annels ! en]gies =m]ly exp5d$ 9 ?is way4 #bff ,,xiv ,,h9drances ,_m ( ! h9drances t oppose ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan h already be5 indirectly sugge/$ 9 o!r portions ( ?is book4 ,b t !y may be m cle>ly appreh5d$ by ! fri5ds ( missions at home1 & t ! effect ( _! militat+ influ5ce may be fully felt1 we w endeavor 9 ?is *apt] to arrange !m 9 ord] & %[ j h[ !y oppose our "w4 ,= ! sake ( cle>ness & logical ord] we w consid] ! subject "u two divisions3 #a4 ,h9drances 9 ,japan common to all mission fields2 #b4 ,h9drances peculi> to ,japan4 #a4 ,!re are c]ta9 ?+s inh]5t 9 ! v nature ( ,*ri/ianity t imp$e h] progress4 ,!y are necessities ( h] be+1 & _c be gott5 rid (4 ,^! ?+s may be ei!r a "p ( ,*ri/ianity h]self1 belong+ to h] nature1 #bfg or !y may be necess>y results ( h] acceptance by non-,*ri/ian peoples4 ,= ?is reason !y are enc\nt]$ :]ev] ! gospel is propagat$2 !y are common h9drances to ! advance ( our fai? alike 9 ,*9a1 ,india1 ,africa1 & ,japan4 ,al?\gh n peculi> to ,japan1 x seems to me wise briefly to ref] to ^! univ]sal h9drances1 because (t5 !y are n realiz$ 9 _! full =ce & p[] ei!r by ! p ( our home *ur*es or ev5 by our pa/ors4 ,to appreciate fully _! militat+ influ5ce "o mu/ g to ! mission field1 & !re obs]ve !m actually h9d]+ ! rapid progress ( evangelization4 ,!re !y are se5 9 a new light1 & are impress$ ^u ! m9d z !y c h>dly be o!rwise4 ,if ,i c succe$ 9 caus+ ! con/itu5cy ( ! *ur*es at home to realize ! numb]1 magnitude1 & p[] ( ^! h9drances ,i w h done good s]vice = ! cause ( missions4 ,z ! fir/ "o ( ^! univ]sal militat+ influ5ces1 inh]5t 9 ! v nature ( missions1 oppos+ ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity :]ev] its tea*+s are newly propagat$1 ,i w\ld m5tion its revolutioniz+ t5d5cy4 ,*ri/ian missions are 9 _! nature revolutioniz+4 ,! result is inevitable & unavoidable4 ,! advance ( ,*ri/ianity 9 a hea!n l& #bfh necessitates ! revolutioniz+ ( _m in/itutions t h obta9$ = c5turies4 ,n only mu/ ! religi\s ideas und]go a revolution1 b all moral ideas1 & mann]s & cu/oms z well4 ,! reasons = ?is are v evid5t4 ,religion is intimately connect$ ) ! life ( man4 ,x furni%es ! motive p[] ( 8 life1 controls 8 actions1 creates 8 morality1 det]m9es 8 mann]s & cu/oms1 & %apes 8 laws4 ,! e?nic religions are j z intimately int]wov5 ) ! lives ( _! adh]5ts z ,*ri/ianity is ) ! lives ( ,*ri/ians2 & ,buddhism1 ,confucianism1 & ,brahmanism h %ap$ & det]m9$ ! lives & actions ( _! adh]5ts4 ,! connection betwe5 religion & morality is a necess>y & indissoluble "o4 ,! two are unit$ 9 _! gr[? & developm5t1 & ! =m ( morality is necess>ily color$ by ! dom9ant religion4 ,:]ev] ! ,buddhi/ fai? has be5 accept$ !re has sprung up a sy/em ( morality peculi> to x2 s t we speak ( a ,buddhi/ic 9 opposition to a ,*ri/ian morality4 ,?is morality is dep5d5t ^u ! religion1 & a *ange ( religion mu/ br+ ab\t a *ange ( morality4 ,*ri/ianity1 hav+ necess>ily develop$ a morality 9 accord ) its pr9ciples1 mu/1 z x advances1 de/roy ! exi/+ sy/ems & create #bfi widely diff]5t ones4 ,:ile ! bett] elem5t 9 hea!n nations has m or less outgr[n its religi\s ideas & sup]/itions1 & c calmly contemplate a *ange ( religion1 yet its moral sy/em has a /rong] hold1 & any?+ :i* antagonizes x is sev]ely condemn$4 ,?is necess>y revolutioniz+ ( moral ideas v mu* opposes ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! acceptance ( ,*ri/ianity necessitates also a revolution 9 mann]s & cu/oms4 ,^! are p>tially an expression ( ! fai? t is 9 u1 _! nature be+ det]m9$ by x4 ,a *ange ( religion1 !re=e1 means a *ange 9 all ( ^!4 ,p h great respect = "t-honor$ cu/oms1 & t :i* antagonizes ^! br+s ^u itself condemnation4 ,*ri/ianity *anges ! mann]s & cu/oms1 & !re=e ! p d all !y c to oppose x4 ,9 ^! ways ! "w ( missions is revolutioniz+1 & mu/ expect to enc\nt] ! opposition ( ! _s ( cons]vatism1 :i* is mu* /rong] 9 ! ,ea/ ?an 9 ! ,we/4 ,a second pr9ciple inh]5t 9 ! v nature ( ,*ri/ianity :i* h9d]s its progress 9 hea!n l&s is its exclusiv5ess4 ,our religion is among ! mo/ intol]ant 9 its attitude t[>d o!r fai?s4 ,we believe & tea* t !re is none o!r "n "u heav5 giv5 among #bgj m51 :]eby we mu/ be sav$1 ?an ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,:ile ackn[l$g+ t o!r religions conta9 gra9s ( tru?1 we mu/ affirm t1 z religi\s sy/ems1 !y are false4 ,*ri/ s5t =? ,8 apo/les to make disciples ( all1 w9n+ !m to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,& ! aim ( ! *ur* to-day is1 n to cultivate bro!rly love & communion ) o!r religions1 b r to ext]m9ate !m & make ,*ri/ians ( all4 ,%e c brook no rival4 ,h] adh]5ts mu/ give _! allegiance to h] alone4 ,*ri/ianity n only claims to be ! only religion1 b %e c (f] no hope to ^? outside ( h] pale4 ,:ile ! ,bible does n dem& t ,i tea* ! ,japanese t _! ance/ors are surely lo/1 x c]ta9ly gives me no gr\nd = assur+ !m ( _! salvation4 ,we all rev]e our =efa!rs1 b none s mu* z ! ,ori5tal4 ,he pays p]iodical visits to ! tombs ( 8 ance/ors2 he wor%ips 8 fa!r & commemorates ! day ( 8 dea? by m\rn+4 ,a heav5 f :i* 8 ance/ors are exclud$ has little attractions = him4 ,(t5 does ! ,%9toi/ say1 ,i w\ld r be 9 hell ) my ance/ors ?an 9 heav5 )\t !m4 ,if ,*ri/ianity c\ld be less exclusive & m tol]ant ( o!r fai?s %e w\ld f9d a mu* m ready acceptance at ! h&s ( non-,*ri/ian peoples4 ,b %e _c be s & be true #bga to h] own nature & mission4 ,9 anci5t ,rome1 :5 ! *ur* 0 call$ to pass ?r\gh fire1 ! manife/ation ( a m tol]ant _s w\ld h sav$ h] f t awful p]secution4 ,! ,romans _h _m gods & did n object to "o m4 ,!y adopt$ ^? ( all ! conqu]$ peoples1 & 7 ready to adopt ! ,*ri/ians'1 & erect an alt> to ,him1 if ! ,*ri/ians w\ld ackn[l$ge ,him z simply "o among ! o!r gods4 ,& f t day to ?is ! exclusive claims ( ,*ri/ianity h br\ght ^u h] trials & p]secutions1 & h h9d]$ h] progress ?r\gh\t ! e>?4 ,especially is ?is religi\s exclusiv5ess unpopul> 9 ,japan1 because !re ! native religions are v tol]ant ( "o ano!r4 ,^! are "s ( ! /ronge/ h9drances to ! rapid progress ( ,*ri/ianity 9 pagan l&s4 ,!y belong to ! v nature ( our fai?1 & _c be avoid$4 ,_! antagoniz+ influ5ce is enc\nt]$ :]ev] ! gospel is prea*$4 #b4 ,b ,i ?9k t ! greate/ h9drances to mission "w 9 ,japan to-day are ^? :i* are peculi> to ?is field4 ,_m circum/ances conspire to make ,japan /& alone among mission fields4 ,%e has be5 pron\nc$ at once ! mo/ promis+ & ! mo/ difficult ( all fields = evangeli/ic "w3 ! mo/ promis+ because ( ! life1 =ce1 & ability ( h] p2 ! #bgb mo/ difficult because ( ! ho/ ( peculi> h9drances "u :i* ! evangeli/ mu/ labor !re4 ,i w proce$ to po9t out "s ( ^!4 7#a7 ,p]haps ! mo/ pot5t at pres5t is ! extreme nationali/ic feel+1 :i* has br\ght into disrepute ev]y?+ ( =eign orig94 ,! ,*ri/ian religion1 be+ a =eign in/itution1 is !re=e unpopul>1 & is ?\ght to be less adapt$ to ! p & less liable to n\ri% a /rong national feel+ ?an ! native ,%9to4 ,x is h>d = u to realize ! fanatical int5sity ( _! patriotism4 ,hav+ be5 taught = s _m c5turies t ?is is ! fir/ virtue1 ! p h exalt$ x above ev]y?+ else4 ,japan fir/1 =ev]1 & always1 is ! univ]sal motto4 ,!re is h>dly a man1 woman1 or *ild 9 ! empire to-day :o w\ld n be p]fectly will+ to lay d[n 8 life = ! good ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is extreme patriotism op]ates 9 sev]al ways to h9d] ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x prev5ts ! ready acceptance ( ! new religion4 ,!re are a great _m s ignorant & inconsi/5t z to hate ,*ri/ianity j because x is ( =eign orig91 ?9k+ t no?+ good c orig9ate outside ( ,japan4 ,su* p adh]e to ! native religion1 9 spite ( its inf]iority1 simply because !y ?9k t to d s is patriotic4 ,b !re is a mu* l>g] & m #bgc influ5tial class t is l$ to antagonize ,*ri/ianity f patriotic motives o!r ?an ?is4 ,!y hold t a belief 9 ! native religions is necess>y to pres]ve _! d>l+ patriotic _s1 & t ! adoption ( any =eign religion w\ld gradually de/roy all patriotism & loyalty4 ,*ri/ianity is n national1 b cosmopolitan4 ,x tea*es ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god & ! bro!rhood ( man1 bo? ( :i* great ideas are repugnant to mo/ ,japanese1 because !y d n h>monize ) _! ideas ( ! div9e orig9 ( ! imp]ial family1 & _! national sup]iority to ! o!r races ( ! _w4 ,!y want a religion :i* exalts ,japan above ev]y?+ & inculcates patriotism & loyalty to h] alone4 ,b ! mo/ hurtful influ5ce ( ?is extreme nationalism is felt )9 ! pale ( ! *ur* h]self4 ,actuat$ by x1 _m ( ! native ,*ri/ians1 bo? cl]ical & lay1 want to d away ) ev]y?+ =eign 9 connection ) ! *ur*es4 ,! m /rictly national !y c make _! "w ! bett] satisfi$ are !y4 ,n only d !y antagonize ! mission>y & try to pu% him (f ! field1 b !y also antagonize =eign !ology1 & want to build up a native sy/em ) no =eign ta9t4 ,! result is great friction betwe5 ! native & =eign work]s1 /ra9$ relations1 & 9 _m in/ances #bgd op5 antagonism4 ,?is want ( cordiality & h>mony1 = :i* ! national feel+ is l>gely responsible1 is v hurtful to ! be/ int]e/s ( our "w4 ,b ! desire = a purely native !ology1 :i* ?is /rong1 b5ight$ patriotism begets1 is ev5 m hurtful ?an its s[+ se$s ( discord among ! work]s4 ,_m ( ! lead+ native m9i/]s & laym5 say t x is folly = _! *ur*es to p]petuate ! !ological divisions & cre$s ( ! ,we/1 & !y propose to develop a !ology peculi>ly _! own4 ,n[ ,*ri/ianity _c be kept pure & s\nd )\t pay+ due reg>d to its hi/orical developm5t2 & ! ,japanese1 9 cutt+ loose f ?is1 h already run into h]esy4 ,! dang] is t a ,*ri/ianity may be develop$ :i* is lack+ 9 all t is di/9ctively ,*ri/ian1 & :i* w be h>d] to ov]come ?an ! old hea!nism4 7#b7 ,ano!r h9drance :i* has op]at$ ) great p[] ?r\gh\t ! :ole hi/ory ( ,prote/ant missions 9 ,japan is ! pa/ record ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 a =m] *apt] ^u ! ,fir/ ,introduction ( ,*ri/ianity ,i h told h[ ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ introduc$1 h[ x grew to magnific5t proportions1 & h[ f9ally x 0 cru%$ by ! secul> arm4 ,! fact t ! gov]nm5t once felt con/ra9$ to extirpate #bge ,*ri/ianity1 at :atev] co/1 & especially ! fact t ! ,*ri/ians d>$ oppose ! gov]nm5t1 h br\ght our religion into disrepute4 ,s9ce1 accord+ to native morality1 :atev] gov]nm5t does is "r & :atev] gov]nm5t opposes is wrong1 ! m]e fact ( ?is opposition on ! "p ( ! gov]nm5t is en\gh to condemn ,*ri/ianity 9 ! eyes ( _m4 ,!n ! fact t ! ,*ri/ians at la/ rebell$ gives color to ! idea already =m$ t ,*ri/ianity is disloyal to ,japan4 ,t idea prevails widely1 & 9 _m qu>t]s ,*ri/ians are reg>d$ ) suspicion4 ,a memory ( ! pa/ bitt] p]secutions & ( ! hat$ rebellion /ill l+]s4 ,! old p talk ( !m ar\nd ! hiba*i1 z !y sip _! tea & smoke _! pipes2 ! "y read ( !m 9 ! hi/ories1 & ?us _! memory is kept alive4 ,_m are /ill liv+ :o saw & read ! rigid prohibitions ( ,*ri/ianity on ! sign-bo>ds ov] all ! c\ntry1 & !y _c =get !m4 ,!re are n a few p 9 ! empire :o to ?is day h h>dly le>n$ t ! *ang$ attitude ( ! gov]nm5t t[>d ,*ri/ianity is m ?an outw>d2 & ^! /ill reg>d ! =eign fai? z ! *ief ( all evils4 ,x is really pa!tic sometimes to he> !m talk ( x4 ,!re 0 an old man liv+ ne> a ,*ri/ian *apel n f> f "h1 :o "o day 0 #bgf compla9+ ( 8 woes & wi%+ to die4 ,he said x _h be5 a bad ye>1 & none ( 8 crops _h done well1 two ( 8 *ildr5 _h di$1 8 c\ntry _h be5 insult$ by a =eign p[]1 &1 to cap ! climax1 ,*ri/ianity _h come & tak5 up its abode next door to him4 ,?is la/ evil 0 too mu*1 & he want$ to die4 ,he /ill reg>d$ our fai? z ! wor/ ( evils4 ,i once gave a few tracts to "s old m5 9 a m\nta9 village ne> ,saga1 & !y rem>k$ t !y rememb]$ ! "t :5 x w\ld h meant c]ta9 dea? to be se5 ) "o ( ^? little books4 7#c7 ,! "* ( ! education preval5t 9 ,japan to-day is also antagoni/ic to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,japanese are a /udi\s race & are capable ( high m5tal developm5t4 ,! c\ntry is s well suppli$ ) s*ools--ne>ly all ( !m gov]nm5t in/itutions--t no "o is too poor to receive "s education4 ,!re is1 on ! "p ( ! s*ool au?orities1 no op5 antagonism to ,*ri/ianity z su*4 ,accord+ to ! regulations1 no "o religion is to be favor$ m ?an ano!r 9 ! s*ools1 & complete religi\s lib]ty is to be all[$4 ,b ! g5]al t5or ( ! education giv5 is un*ri/ian--an exaltation ( reason above fai?1 ( sci5ce above religion4 ,especially is ! t5d5cy ( ! high] education aga9/ any =m ( religion4 ,! #bgg educators ( ,japan are tra9+ a nation ( a!i/s & agno/ics4 ,! sci5tific s*ools ( ! ,we/ t h no room = religion are /udi$ e>ne/ly & copi$ by educat$ ,japan4 ,9 philosophy ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & 8 s*ool h be5 ackn[l$g$ ma/]s4 ,inde$1 x nev] seems to h occurr$ to ! m9ds ( ?9k+ ,japanese t !re are sy/ems ( philosophy o!r ?an ! mat]iali/ic4 ,all religi\s s5tim5t is cru%$ 9 ! s*ools1 o!r ?+s be+ sub/itut$4 ,sci5ce1 le>n+1 is ?\ght to be all t is necess>y1 & religion is left = old wom5 & *ildr54 ,m5 :o /ill believe 9 religion are ?\ght sup]/iti\s & un$ucat$1 & are reg>d$ ) a sort ( lordly contempt4 ,9 a conv]sation "s "t ago ) a graduate ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity ,i 0 dogmatically told t ,*ri/ianity 0 ackn[l$g$ to be absurd by all ?9k+ m5 ev]y:]e1 t all religions are only = ! infancy ( ! race1 & t full-gr[n m5 c disp5se ) !m4 ,?is man's views are ! usual product ( ! high] education1 ( ,japan to-day4 ,h5ce x happ5s t few /ud5ts ( ! high] s*ools are ,*ri/ian1 & frequ5tly m5 g !re ) ,*ri/ian s5tim5ts1 only to lose !m be=e !y leave4 7#d7 ,! old religions ( ,japan /rongly oppose ! m>* ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,m5 (t5 speak z ?\gh ! old hea!n fai?s _h lo/ _! p[] #bgh & 7 no long] really believ$4 ,_! p[] is on ! wane1 b !y lack mu* ( be+ dead4 ,!y /ill possess en\gh vitality /rongly to oppose ! evangelization ( ?is l&4 ,! old ,%9to fai?1 hav+ ! decid$ advantage ( national orig91 & fitt+ 9 exactly ) ,japanese ideas ( _! relative national importance & ! nature ( _! emp]or1 is a /rong oppos+ influ5ce4 ,buddhism /ill possesses a /rong hold ^u ! masses ( ! p4 ,x has ! recomm5dation ( age1 has play$ a prom95t "p 9 ! national hi/ory1 & is de> to ! he>ts ( ! p4 ,x occupies a decid$ vantage-gr\nd f :i* x opposes u & our "w4 ,to "s 9 ! ,we/ x seems almo/ incr$ible t ^! p %\ld really believe & tru/ 9 ^! fai?s4 ,& yet be assur$ t !y d believe & tru/ 9 !m4 ,!re are ab\t ! same s9c]ity1 ! same confid5ce1 & ! same fai? plac$ 9 ,buddhism by its adh]5ts z are plac$ 9 ,*ri/ianity by its4 ,! religi\s crav+s & in/9cts ( ! p are1 on ! :ole1 satisfi$ by _! native religions4 ,! opposition ( ,buddhism to ,*ri/ianity does n consi/ solely 9 misrepres5tation1 nor is x f\nd$ on ignorance1 b is an intellig5t opposition4 ,"s ( ! ,buddhi/ prie/s /udy c>efully our language = ! purpose ( read+ #bgi our !ology & in=m+ !mselves z to our fai?4 ,x is said t "o ( ! v be/ collections ( books ( ,*ri/ian evid5ces & apologetics to be f\nd 9 all ,japan is 9 ! ,buddhi/ libr>y 9 ,kyoto4 ,buddhism has le>n$ "s useful lessons f ,*ri/ianity4 ,%e is n[ le>n+ ! value ( /at$ prea*+ = ! in=mation ( h] p 9 ,buddhi/ doctr9e1 & ! value ( organiz$1 sy/ematic ef=t4 ,a ,"y ,m5's ,buddhi/ ,association has be5 =m$1 aft] ! model ( ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 :i* is do+ mu* t[>d hold+ ! "y m5 to ! ,buddhi/ fai?4 ,buddhism is on ! al]t1 is quick & active1 antagonizes u at e turn1 & is "o ( ! v /ronge/ h9drances to ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity4 7#e7 ,! social o/racism visit$ ^u ^? :o become ,*ri/ians v mu* h9d]s our progress4 ,mo/ ( our conv]ts1 unless _! relatives & fri5ds are ,*ri/ians1 are o/raciz$2 9 _m cases !y are entirely cut (f f _! families & are dis9h]it$4 ,9 ,am]ica1 :5 "o becomes a ,*ri/ian1 he has ! enc\ragem5t & sympa?y ( all good p1 & 8 family & fri5ds rejoice ) him4 ,9 ,japan = a memb] ( a family to become a ,*ri/ian is consid]$ a disgrace1 & ! unit$ influ5ce ( family & fri5ds is p[]fully ex]t$ to prev5t su* a #bhj calamity4 ,influ5tial m5 9 our city h told me t p]haps ! greate/ h9drance to my "w is t by becom+ a ,*ri/ian a man %uts himself (f f 8 family & fri5ds4 ,i am conv9c$ t _m w\ld take a /& = ,*ri/ mu* m readily if ! home influ5ce 7 n s antagoni/ic4 ,a /ud5t 9 ! ,normal ,s*ool ( our city1 :o came to me = _m mon?s to /udy ,*ri/ianity1 told me t 8 family bitt]ly hat$ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & t he c\ld n return home if he became a believ]4 ,9 spite ( ?is he 0 l$ by ! ,_s to ask = baptism1 & ,i baptiz$ him4 ,aft]w>d he wrote v dutiful lett]s to 8 home1 try+ to expla9 t he felt impell$ by duty to take ?is /ep1 & t ,*ri/ianity 0 n s he9\s a ?+ z !y suppos$2 b no answ]s came4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 be+ compell$ to return to 8 own t[n on bus9ess1 he w5t to 8 home to sp5d ! night2 b 8 "m & bro!rs w\ld n recognize him1 & he _h to g away to a hotel4 ,8 fa!r 0 dead1 & 8 "m tri$ to dis9h]it him1 b 0 by ! law prev5t$4 ,8 family & fri5ds h nev] =giv5 him1 & n[ he nev] sees !m4 ,simil> cases c\ld be cit$ )\t numb] prov+ ! same ?+4 ,is x n natural1 !n1 = a man to hesitate to take ?is /ep8 #bha 7#f7 ,ano!r ob/acle to ! progress ( missions 9 ,japan is t ! *ur* is too mu* divid$4 ,almo/ e small religi\s body kn[n has felt x incumb5t ^u itself to und]take "w "h4 ,x may be true t d5om9ations work+ sep>ately are no h9drance to ! cause ( ,*ri/ 9 ! home field1 b ,i ?9k !y are surely a h9drance 9 ! =eign "w4 ,x is a f9e rhetorical figure to lik5 ! v>i\s d5om9ations & sects to diff]5t divisions ( "o va/ army1 all engag$ "u ! same g5]al1 9 ! same "w2 b ! figure does n repres5t ! facts4 ,we d n h "o va/ ,*ri/ian army1 ea* division occupy+ only its own field1 direct$ by "o m9d1 & mov+ 9 unison4 ,! mo/ optimi/ic _c s reg>d ! diff]5t d5om9ations & sects ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,l o!r (t-us$ figures1 ?is "o is entirely at v>iance ) ! facts4 ,(t5] is x true t ^! sects oppose "o ano!r1 & mu* pref] _! own welf>e to t ( ! :ole body ( ,*ri/4 ,y _c satisfactorily expla9 to non-,*ri/ian p ! reasons :y y mu/ h a ,lu!ran1 a ,me?odi/1 a ,presbyt]ian1 & a ,bapti/ *ur*2 & if !y c\ld be br\ght to und]/& our diff]5ces ?is w\ld 9 no way recomm5d u or our cre$ to !m4 ,x is a great pity t ea* mission field is n allott$ to "s "o d5om9ation & left alone by all #bhb ! o!rs4 ,if ?is _c be1 at lea/ only "o body %\ld "w 9 "o t[n4 ,!n ^! complications w\ld be p>tially avoid$1 & ,*ri/ianity w\ld m recomm5d itself to ! ?\ghtful citiz54 ,we suff] 9 ,japan m f a sup]fluity ( sects ?an ( d5om9ations4 ,! ,univ]sali/s & ,unit>ians are "h ) _! h]esies1 & are poison+ _m m9ds4 ,_m o!r bodies are "h1 antagoniz+ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s & tea*+ religi\s an>*y4 ,i suppose !re is no mission field 9 ! _w t has a l>g] numb] ( sects & divisions4 ,b ! regul> or?odox d5om9ations "w m h>moni\sly 9 ,japan ?an 9 ! home l&s4 ,/rifes & jeal\sies betwe5 !m are r>e1 :ile expressions ( mutual appreciation & ( ,*ri/ian c\rtesy are common4 7#g7 ,i ?9k ! =eign communities 9 ! op5 ports ( ,japan are a h9drance to ! "w ( evangelization4 ,9 ! sev5 treaty ports !re are regul> concessions = =eign resid5ce & trade1 & ?\s&s ( =eign]s live 9 !m4 ,^! communities are l>gely compos$ ( m]*ants & ( ^? connect$ ) ! v>i\s consulates1 mo/ ( :om h come "h = purposes ( ga91 & are int]e/$ 9 no?+ besides money-gett+4 ,a l>ge p] c5t4 ( ?is population is v undesirable4 ,z repres5tatives #bhc ( ,we/]n civilization 7! product ( ,*ri/ianity7 ! =eign settlem5ts %\ld be model ,*ri/ian communities1 & 7 !y su* !y c\ld ex]t a p[]ful influ5ce = good4 ,b z x is1 _! example does n recomm5d itself to ! ,japanese4 ,to say no?+ :atev] ( ! *>ges ( immorality & dissolut5ess pref]r$ aga9/ ^! m51 !y are c]ta9ly n ,*ri/ians4 ,"o w\ld ?9k1 to obs]ve !m1 t !y _h n come f ,*ri/ian l&s at all4 ,_m :o are "h only tempor>ily1 be+ away f all home influ5ces & re/ra9ts1 set a mo/ ungodly example4 ,!y w n att5d *ur*2 !y take no int]e/ 9 religi\s "w2 !y speak disp>ag+ly ( religion 9 g5]al1 & ( ! ,*ri/ian religion 9 p>ticul>2 & to !m a mission>y is an eyesore4 ,:ile we are labor+ to ,*ri/ianize ! p1 our own c\ntrym51 ! repres5tatives ( ,*ri/ian l&s & ! expon5ts ( a ,*ri/ian civilization1 are 9 ! =eign ports sett+ a mo/ ungodly example4 ,! natives are quick to notice ^! ?+s1 & !y reason t1 if our fai? is z good z we repres5t x to be1 :y h our c\ntrym5 n pr(it$ bett] by x8 ,! pres5ce ( ^! anti*ri/ian repres5tatives ( ,*ri/5dom is a great h9drance4 ,b n all ( ! =eign]s 9 ! op5 ports #bhd ( ,japan are ( ?is "*4 ,!re are "s good ,*ri/ian m5 & wom5 among ! bus9ess classes1 :o are int]e/$ 9 all k9ds ( ,*ri/ian "w4 ,& yet ! prevail+ t5d5cy ( ! =eign bus9ess communities is aga9/ ,*ri/ian "w4 7#h7 ,! la/ b n ! lea/ h9drance ,i w m5tion is ! language4 ,x has be5 said ( bo? ,*9ese & ,japanese t !y 7 inv5t$ by ! devil to keep ,*ri/ian mission>ies f speak+ freely ) ! natives4 ,:e!r t be true or n1 x c]ta9ly is true t ,japanese is "o ( ! mo/ difficult languages on ! globe4 ,to "k x well1 ?ree diff]5t languages mu/ be acquir$3 spok5 ,japanese1 writt5 ,japanese1 & ,*9ese4 ,! colloquial & ! book language are q diff]5t1 ! lit]>y be+ p>tly ,*9ese4 ,! latt] is writt5 by ideographs1 & y mu/ h a sign = ea* idea4 ,ab\t five ?\s& ( ^! *>act]s w enable "o to get along1 al?\gh !re are probably fifty ?\s& 9 all4 ,by a %e] act ( memory to le>n five ?\s& hide\s *>act]s is no little task4 ,! colloquial itself is exce$+ly difficult to use aright4 ,my read]s may be surpris$ to le>n t ( ! mission>ies labor+ 9 ,japan "o ?ird _c speak ! language intelligibly to ! natives4 ,x seems t _m ,occid5tals1 labor+ nev] s h>d1 really _c #bhe acquire ! language4 ,"o nev] feels sure 9 ?is language t he is say+ j :at he wants to say4 ,if x 7 less difficult1 s t mission>ies c\ld acquire complete comm& ( x & use x z readily z !y d _! "m tongue1 ! "w ( evangelization w\ld g on m rapidly4 ,^!1 z ,i und]/& !m1 are ! pr9cipal ?+s :i* at pres5t h9d] ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan4 ,"s ( !m are inh]5t 9 ! v nature ( ! "w1 & w be enc\nt]$ to ! end4 ,o!rs1 ,i believe1 are transi5t1 & w by & by pass away4 #bhf ,,xv ,,special ,,problems ,9 ! broad sph]e ( labor :i* ! mission>y mu/ fill he daily meets mo/ difficult problems1 ^: solution requires ! ex]cise ( consummate judgm5t1 skill1 & pati5ce4 ,al?\gh ^! problems are n giv5 a prom95t place 9 mission reports1 & are n !re=e v well kn[n at home1 !y loom up m\nta9-high be=e e mission>y4 ,!y h a practical importance 9 ! field surpass$ by none o!r4 ,m5 diff] s widely 9 reg>d to _! solution t !y n infrequ5tly "w division 9 a mission4 ,a brief pres5tation ( "s ( ^! problems w enable ! home *ur*es bett] to und]/& our "w & to sympa?ize ) u1 & w be ( practical wor? to ^? :o contemplate com+ to "w 9 ?is field4 ,! fir/ problem to meet ! mission>y is1 h[ to deal ) inquir]s4 #bhg ,9 ,japan n "o 9 ?ree at fir/ comes ) s9c]e motives & good int5tions4 ,on ! contr>y1 he comes seek+ "s mat]ial advantage1 hop+ 9 "s way to pr(it by 8 association ) ! mission>y1 or vaguely expect+ to be b5efit$ by an alliance ) :at appe>s to be a /rong] & m liv+ cause4 ,^? :o f ! fir/ are impell$ to come by real spiritual motives are inde$ r>e4 ,h[ to deal ) su* inquir]s is ! "q4 ,to turn !m away w\ld be to s5d !m back into hea!nism4 ,manife/ly we mu/ hold !m until !y h m spiritual motives4 ,i suppose all mission>ies w\ld agree t1 no matt] h[ mat]ial & selfi% _! motives1 inquir]s %\ld be enc\rag$ to cont9ue com+1 ) ! hope ( gradually lead+ !m into ! tru?4 ,we c\ld h>dly expect !m at fir/ to h pure motives1 z su* are practically unkn[n to !m4 ,hea!nism1 ) its degrad+ idolatries & immoralities1 does n beget ^!1 & we _c expect to discov] !m until ! old religions h be5 disc>d$ & ! inquir]s h be5 br\ght "u ! in/ruction & c>e ( ! *ur*4 ,!re=e1 :atev] ! motive1 we %\ld receive !m1 & aft] a long p]iod ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ & discipl9e look = a *ange ( he>t4 ,b ! l5g? ( ?is probation be=e !y are receiv$ #bhh into ! *ur*1 & :e!r x %all be requir$--^? are matt]s ^u :i* ! practice ( missions diff]s widely4 ,"s h a prescrib$ "t :i* mu/ elapse be=e c&idates are admitt$ to memb]%ip2 o!rs leave x to ! judgm5t ( ! local evangeli/ or mission>y4 ,! latt] seems ! bett] plan4 ,ano!r "q is1 ,j h[ mu* %all c&idates = *ur*-memb]%ip be requir$ to give up8 ,z to /rictly hea!n practices1 su* z idolatry & gross immorality1 !re c be no "q4 ,b :at ( practices ab\t :i* ! judgm5t ( m5 diff]s8 ,"s missions require total ab/95ce f all intoxicat+ dr9ks4 ,"s1 l ! ,me?odi/1 require ab/95ce f ! use ( tobacco1 especially on ! "p ( pa/ors & evangeli/s4 ,^! *ur*es urge 9 favor ( _! position ! comp>ative ease ) :i* su* re/rictions may be appli$ 9 ! "y *ur*es ( ,japan4 ,%all we foll[ ! lead ( ^! m cons]vative *ur*es1 or %all we adopt a m lib]al policy8 ,%all we require conv]ts :o are engag$ 9 any way 9 ! manufacture or sale ( tobacco or liquor to *ange _! bus9ess8 ,! practice ( our own mission 7! ,lu!ran7 is1 except 9 ! manufacture1 sale1 or inord9ate use ( intoxicants1 to all[ lib]ty ( consci5ce4 #bhi ,ano!r & a v p]plex+ problem we f9d to be1 :at to d ) hone/ inquir]s :o h no means ( support4 ,?is class is num]\s4 ,!re are a great _m poor 9 ,japan--9 fact1 ne>ly all are poor4 ,z ,japanese cu/om--ev5 m 9 anci5t times ?an at pres5t--made ! poor] classes look to ! ri* = _! ma9t5ance & support1 _m conv]ts look to ! mission>y1 n to support !m outright1 b to help !m into positions :]e !y c e>n a liv+4 ,n a few h _! means ( support cut (f by ! v act ( becom+ ,*ri/ians4 ,9 su* cases x seems b fair t ! mission %\ld d :at x c to assi/ !m4 ,b h[8 ,to support !m is too exp5sive1 besides be+ demoraliz+ to !m & ! community4 ,9 "s mission fields indu/rial s*ools1 mission f>ms1 & v>i\s o!r ent]prises are e/abli%$ to provide employm5t = su*1 & 9 ?is way !y are help$ to support !mselves4 ,b 9 a c\ntry l ,japan1 :]e indu/rial & comm]cial life is highly organiz$ & develop$1 x is almo/ impossible = ! missions to d su* "w4 ,we h nei!r ! means nor ! skill to compete ) ! indu/ries ar\nd u4 ,?is "q ( support = ! poor ( ! *ur*es is a press+ "o1 & causes ! mission>y mu* anxiety & ?\ght4 ,! native *ur* c d #bij mu* m t[>d its solution ?an ! mission>y1 & z ! *ur* gr[s 9 influ5ce & res\rces ! problem may solve itself4 ,aft] a body ( conv]ts has be5 ga!r$1 & ! "t has come = organiz+ a *ur*1 ! greate/ problem ( all arises--! problem ( ! native *ur*4 ,?is is n "o problem1 b is r a comb9ation ( problems1 "s ( :i* are ! foll[+3 ,:at %all be ! =m ( its organization8 ,h[ %all its m9i/ry be suppli$8 ,h[ %all x be support$8 ,:at is ! relation ( ! mission>y to ! native *ur*8 ,:at %all be its attitude t[>d national cu/oms8 ,^! are important & difficult problems1 & on _! "r solution w dep5d 9 no small measure ! prosp]ity & success ( ! native *ur*4 ,"s missions d n seem ?or\ghly to grasp & give due prom95ce to ?is idea ( ! native *ur*4 ,!y int]pret _! commission to mean ! evangelization ( ! masses r ?an ! build+ up ( a /rong native *ur*4 ,b ! ,*ri/ianization ( any l& w ultimately dep5d ^u ! native *ur*1 & n ^u ! =eign mission>y4 ,!re=e ! fir/ & *ief aim ( ! mission>y %\ld be to call out & develop a /rong1 self-support+1 & self-propagat+ native *ur*1 9 ^: h&s ! #bia evangelization ( ! masses ( ! p c ultimately be left4 ,9 ! organization ( ! native *ur*1 :at polity %all be giv5 x8 ,%all x be organiz$ exactly z ! home *ur* :i* ! mission repres5ts1 or %all x be free to develop its own =m ( organization8 ,bo? ( ^! plans are unsatisfactory4 ,mo/ *ur*es are agre$ t no special =m ( *ur* polity has div9e sanction1 ?is be+ m]ely a "q ( exp$i5cy2 & t !re=e ! new *ur*es %\ld1 z f> z possible1 be left free to adopt a con/itution 9 h>mony ) ! national "* & habits4 ,at ! same "t1 =ms ( *ur* gov]nm5t t h be5 tri$ at home & approv$ %\ld n be ignor$4 ,:at has /ood ! te/ ( "t1 & prov$ its wor? 9 _m l&s1 d\btless w 9 its ma9 features be ( sub/antial value 9 ! mission field4 ,x is b natural t ,presbyt]ian societies %\ld organize native *ur*es "u _! own =m ( gov]nm5t1 ,me?odi/ "u !irs1 & ,episcopal "u !irs4 ,b1 9 ! v nature ( ! case1 a fir/ organization w only be t5tative4 ,z ! *ur* develops x w probably develop a polity ( its own4 ,9 view ( ?is1 ! polity impos$ ^u ! native *ur* by ! mission at its fir/ organization %\ld be z flexible z possible4 #bib ,x w\ld be folly = ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 = in/ance1 :i* has "o polity 9 ,g]many1 ano!r 9 ,sw$51 ano!r 9 ,icel&1 & /ill ano!r 9 ,am]ica1 to attempt p]man5tly to impose any "o ( ^? special =ms ^u ! ,japanese ,lu!ran ,*ur*2 x w h its own special polity1 b ?is %\ld n cause u any anxiety or conc]n4 ,if ! fai? & life ( ! *ur* are "r1 x matt]s b little ab\t its polity4 ,we %\ld be m conc]n$ = ! broad] int]e/s ( ! k+dom ?an = ! p]petuation ( our special =m ( ! *ur*1 = ! promise ( f9al triumph is only to ! k+dom4 ,exp]i5ce has settl$ c]ta9 po9ts 9 reg>d to ! native *ur*1 :i* ,dr4 ,lawr5ce1 9 8 admirable book on ,mod]n ,missions 9 ! ,ea/1 d5om9ates axioms ( missions4 ,my own exp]i5ce & judgm5t lead me to give !m my he>ty indorsem5t4 ,?ree are nam$3 #a4 ,! native *ur* 9 ea* c\ntry %\ld be organiz$ z a di/9ct *ur*1 ecclesia/ically indep5d5t ( ! *ur* 9 any o!r c\ntry4 #b4 ,! pa/orate ( ! native *ur* %\ld be a native pa/orate4 ,:atev] else ! mission>y is1 he %\ld n be pa/or4 #c4 ,! pr9ciples ( self-control1 self-help1 & self-ext5sion %\ld be recogniz$ 9 ! #bic v organization ( ! *ur*4 ,to po/pone !m to days ( /r5g? is to po/pone bo? /r5g? & bless+4 ,! "q ( self-support & indep5d5ce is "o ( ! grave/ 9 connection ) ! native *ur*4 ,all are agre$ z to its desirabl5ess1 & all aim ultimately to atta9 x2 b ! success hi!rto atta9$ 9 ,japan is n :at might be expect$4 ,!re are p]haps a l>g] numb] ( self-support+ *ur*es 9 ,japan ?an 9 mo/ mission fields1 b n s _m z !re %\ld be4 ,! native *ur*es1 z a rule1 d n contribute :at !y %\ld or c\ld t[>d _! own support4 ,9 ?is reg>d ! /ati/ics usually giv5 are v deceptive4 ,_m ( ^? *ur*es put d[n z self-support+ ei!r are s l>gely ?r\gh ! private contributions ( ! mission>ies ( ! /ation1 or are *ur*es 9 connection ) mission s*ools1 :]e ! exp5se is small because "o ( ! pr(essors1 :o draws a sal>y f ! bo>d1 acts z pa/or4 ,i h he>d ( "o *ur* m>k$ self-support+ t 0 compos$ ( only "o man & 8 family4 ,?is man 0 ! evangeli/1 :o1 hav+ "s private means1 support$ himself4 ,:ile ! annual /ati/ics %[ fairly good contributions by ! native *ur*es1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! contributions ( a l>ge body ( mission>ies1 :o are lib]al giv]s1 are #bid includ$4 ,at mo/ /ations !y give m ?an ! :ole native *ur* comb9$4 ,native ,*ri/ians d n contribute z mu* t[>d ! support ( ! gospel z !y =m]ly did t[>d ! support ( _! false religions4 ,! reasons = ?is are1 fir/1 t hea!nism induc$ l>g] gifts by tea*+ t e "o :o makes a contribution = religi\s purposes is !reby heap+ up m]it = himself 9 ! life to come4 ,&1 second1 t ! native *ur*es h f ! beg9n+ lean$ on ! mission>ies & societies1 until indep5d5t giv+ & self-sacrifice h be5 disc\rag$4 ,! mission bo>d is look$ ^u z an in/itution ( limitless res\rces1 ^: bus9ess x is to provide money = ! "w4 ,&1 ?ird1 t 9 _m in/ances ! native evangeli/s d n he>tily second ! ef=ts ( ! mission>ies to br+ ! *ur*es to a self-support+ basis4 ,!y w\ld mu* r draw _! sal>ies f ! mission treasur] ?an f ! memb]s ( _! *ur*es4 ,! reasons = ?is are obvi\s3 !y c\ld n consci5ti\sly urge _! flocks to support !m on a bett] scale ?an !y !mselves live1 b !y c ask ! mission to d ?is2 aga91 :5 _! sal>ies come f ! mission !y are prompt & sure1 :ile if !y come f ! *ur*es !y are irregul> & unc]ta94 ,b 9 ju/ice to ,japanese #bie pa/ors x %\ld be said t1 :ile ! above is true ( _m ( !m1 !re are o!rs :o h will+ly made p]sonal sacrifices1 liv+ on mu* small] sal>ies ?an =m]ly1 9 ord] to assi/ _! *ur*es to self-support4 ,h[ to ov]come all ^! ob/acles & develop a lib]al1 self-support+ _s 9 ! native *ur* is a difficult problem ) :i* ! mission bo>ds are at pres5t grappl+4 ,! ,congregational ,*ur* has m ne>ly solv$ x ?an any o!r1 yet its numb] ( indep5d5t *ur*es fell (f consid]ably dur+ ! pa/ ye>4 ,! native *ur* mu/ n be judg$ too h>%ly = its failure 9 self-support4 ,x has n yet be5 educat$ 9 giv+ z ! home *ur*es h1 & its res\rces are v limit$4 ,mo/ ( its memb]s are exce$+ly poor & h all !y c d to provide = ! support ( !mselves & families4 ,our prop] attitude t[>d !m 9 ?is matt] is "o ( pati5ce1 sympa?y1 & help4 ,h[ %all ! native *ur* be provid$ ) a compet5t m9i/ry8 ,?is is a p]plex+ "q to ! *ur*es 9 ! home l&s2 h[ mu* m s 9 a mission field6 ,x is necess>y to provide pa/ors1 evangeli/s1 cate*i/s1 tea*]s1 ,bible-wom51 etc4--a :ole army ( work]s4 #bif ,! fir/ "q 9 ?is connection is1 ,h[ is ! mat]ial to be provid$8 ,%all bright1 active boys :o seem adapt$ to ! "w be select$ out ( ! mission s*ools & especially tra9$ = ?is "w at ! exp5se ( ! mission1 )\t wait+ = a div9e call8 ,?is is ! usual me?od1 b x is f> f satisfactory4 ,su*1 n hav+ s\ght ! m9i/]ial (fice1 d n feel its dignity & responsibility z mu* z ^? :o are br\ght into x by a p]sonal call4 ,"s ( ! brighte/ & mo/ promis+1 aft] hav+ be5 educat$ at ! exp5se ( ! mission1 are easily entic$ into o!r call+s4 ,m5 s *os5 & educat$ are v apt to consid] !mselves1 & to be consid]$ by o!rs1 z simply paid ag5ts ( ! mission4 ,(t5 _! labors are p]=m$ 9 a m]e r\t9e & p]functory mann]1 !y evid5tly c>+ m = employm5t ?an = conv]sions4 ,^! are s]i\s objections1 & yet _m good & noble m5 h be5 s tra9$2 x does seem t 9 ! e>ly /ages ( mission "w !re is h>dly any o!r way ( provid+ a native m9i/ry4 ,s soon z a native *ur* is develop$1 ) its accompany+ ,*ri/ian s5tim5t1 ! p]sonal call to ! m9i/ry c be reli$ ^u to furni% ! mat]ial4 ,an ef=t is !n made by mo/ ( ! l>g] mission>y bodies to give a broad tra9+ to _m m51 & to rely ^u a #big c]ta9 numb]1 9 answ] to a div9e call1 seek+ ! m9i/]ial (fice4 ,9 ?is way ! mission s*ools supply a portion ( ! !ological /ud5ts1 b 9 ,japan ! l>g] portion are n graduates ( ! mission s*ools4 ,aft] ! m5 are suppli$1 h[ %all !y be tra9$ = "w8 ,%all in/ruction be giv5 9 ,japanese only1 or %all ,engli% be taught also8 7,= full discussion ( ?is "q see ,*apt] ,,xiii47 ,%all ,greek & ,hebrew be /udi$8 ,h[ f> %all ! native religions be taught8 ,%all ! curriculum 9 o!r respects be ab\t :at x is at home1 or %all x be modifi$ & especial /ress laid ^u c]ta9 subjects8 ,%all /ud5ts /udy privately ) ! mission>ies1 or %all !ological sem9>ies be erect$8 ,%all /ud5ts be enc\rag$ to complete _! !ological tra9+ 9 ,europe & ,am]ica8 ,space does n p]mit a discussion ( ea* ( ^! que/ions1 b only a b>e /atem5t ( ! cons5sus ( judgm5t & practice 9 ,japan aft] ye>s ( exp]i5ce4 ,%all in/ruction 9 ! orig9al languages ( ,scripture be giv58 ,z to ! desirability ( ?is !re c be no "q2 b z ! :ole sci5ce ( !ology is entirely new "h1 & a /udy ( its m important bran*es requires a long "t1 x has n be5 cu/om>y to give in/ruction 9 ei!r ( ^! languages4 ,9 rec5t ye>s "s sem9>ies h be5 try+ to #bih introduce prim>y c\rses 9 ,greek & ,hebrew1 & z ! s*ools gr[ old]1 & _! equipm5t improves1 ^! languages w gradually be add$ to ! curriculum4 ,%all ! religi\s sy/ems & books ( ,japan be taught 9 !ological s*ools8 ,x is highly desirable t native m9i/]s cle>ly und]/& & be able intellig5tly to combat ! false religions ar\nd !m2 & to ?is end "s sem9>ies give in/ruction 9 ! doctr9es ( ,buddhism & ,%9to z well z ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 "o or two in/ances ,buddhism is taught 9 ,*ri/ian !ological s*ools by ,buddhi/ prie/s1 b x is usually taught by ,*ri/ian tea*]s 9 connection ) dogmatic !ology4 ,z a rule1 ! native m9i/ry desires m ?or\gh in/ruction 9 ! native religions1 :ile ! mission>ies oppose any ext5sion ( ! curriculum 9 t direction4 ,9 g5]al ! same bran*es ( !ology are taught "h t are taught at home4 ,x is especially desirable t in/ruction 9 dogmatics & apologetics be ?or\gh & s\nd1 & ^! bran*es %\ld p]haps be emphasiz$ m ?an o!rs4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ t x is mu* bett] to h !ological s*ools :]e ! native m9i/ry may be in/ruct$ ?an = ! mission>y to und]take su* in/ruction 9 private4 ,all ! l>g] missions h fairly well-equipp$ #bii !ological s*ools1 & private in/ruction is only giv5 by a few m5 ^: missions h n yet be5 able to e/abli% ^!4 ,x is un=tunate1 bo? = ! /ud5t & = ! mission>y1 :5 !ological in/ruction mu/ be giv5 9 private4 ,_m ,japanese h be5 s5t abroad to complete _! !ological c\rse1 b ! exp]im5t has n be5 satisfactory4 ,! cons5sus ( op9ion n[ is t = ! ma9 body ( pa/ors & evangeli/s a local tra9+ is mu* bett] ?an a =eign "o4 ,a few m5 ( exceptional ability may be educat$ abroad z tea*]s & lead]s1 b great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to d5ationalize !m4 ,ano!r p]plex+ "q 9 connection ) ! native *ur* is its relation to ! mission>ies4 ,on ?is subject !re is great div]sity ( op9ion4 ,%all ! mission>y reta9 any control ov] ! native *ur*1 or %all he h only advisory p[]8 ,c he take an active "p 9 its delib]ations1 or %all he be exclud$ f !m8 ,z ! *ur* gr[s & develops x w come m & m to rely ^u itself & to act indep5d5tly ( ! mission4 ,! majority ( ,japanese ,*ri/ians take ! gr\nd t ! mission>y has no?+ to d ) ! organiz$ native *ur*1 b t 8 sph]e is ) ! unevangeliz$ masses & unorganiz$ *apels4 #cjj ,9 ! ,congregational *ur*es ! mission>ies h no voice or vote 9 ! meet+s & c\ncils1 & are recogniz$ only z advisory memb]s4 ,9 contra/ to ?is policy is t ( ! ,episcopal & ,me?odi/ bodies1 9 ^: c\ncils natives & =eign]s meet toge!r & delib]ate 9 h>mony4 ,! meet+s are presid$ ov] by ! =eign]s1 & !y h a controll+ voice 9 all legislation4 ,! ,presbyt]ians also take "p 9 presbyt]y & synod1 b ! ,japanese usually preside & are 9 ! majority4 ,c]ta9ly ! mission>y %\ld n be pa/or ( ! native *ur* & %\ld n ex]cise lordly control ov] x2 b x does seem t he %\ld reta9 "s influ5ce1 or at lea/ %\ld h veto p[] aga9/ unwise legislation4 ,:at %all be ! attitude ( ! native *ur* t[>d c]ta9 national habits & cu/oms8 ,"h is a problem t (t5 p]plexes mission>ies & evangeli/s4 ,x is recogniz$ by all t any?+ squ>ely 9 contradiction to ,*ri/ianity mu/ be oppos$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is recogniz$ t national cu/oms %\ld be c>efully obs]v$ :5 !y are n anti*ri/ian or immoral4 ,!re are "s cu/oms 9 ,japan ab\t ! nature ( :i* great diff]5ce ( op9ion prevails1 su* z ! honors %[n dead ance/ors1 b[+ be=e ! emp]or's picture1 contribut+ to c]ta9 religi\s fe/ivals1 etc4 #cja ,:5 a p>5t dies x is cu/om>y = ! *ildr5 to pay regul> visits to ! tomb1 to make (f]+s !re1 & to rev]5ce or wor%ip ! dep>t$4 ,9 ! eyes ( "s ?is act involves real wor%ip2 to o!rs x is m]ely an expression ( rev]5ce & respect4 ,x seems t ,paul's pr9ciple ( n eat+ meat = 8 weak bro!r's sake %\ld be appli$ "h4 ,! act 9 itself may be p]=m$ )\t compromis+ a ,*ri/ian's consci5ce2 b = ! sake ( ! common p1 to :om x means wor%ip1 x %\ld be omitt$ by ,*ri/ians1 & ! *ur*es g5]ally =bid x4 ,9 all ! s*ools1 at c]ta9 fe/ivals1 ! emp]or's picture is br\ght out1 & all tea*]s & pupils are requir$ to b[ be=e x4 ,?is is a national cu/om v de> to ! he>ts ( ! p1 & any "o fail+ to comply ) x is sev]ely c5sur$4 ,mu* has be5 said & writt5 z to ! religi\s significance ( ! act4 ,to ! m enlight5$ ( ! ,japanese ?is pro/ration be=e ! emp]or's picture may be only an act ( deep rev]5ce & respect1 su* z is %[n to royalty 9 ! ,we/ by ! lift+ ( ! hat1 b to ! masses x d\btless is real wor%ip1 9 s f> z !y "k :at wor%ip is4 ,?is is n /range :5 we rememb] ! almo/ univ]sally accept$ belief z to ! div9e orig9 ( ! mikado4 ,! gov]nm5t itself virtually #cjb ackn[l$g$ ! religi\s significance ( ! act :5 x pass$ a law p]mitt+ =eign tea*]s 9 ! v>i\s s*ools to abs5t !mselves on ! day ( ! exaltation ( ! imp]ial picture1 if !y s desir$4 ,n[ "h is a national cu/om v de> to ! p1 9 itself h>mless1 b :i* 9 ! eyes ( _m involves real wor%ip4 ,:at %all be ! attitude ( ! *ur* t[>d x8 ,"s religi\s fe/ivals are obs]v$ 9 ,japan :i* h m or less political significance4 ,:ile !y are g5]ally held 9 connection ) "s temple1 !re may be no?+ di/9ctively hea!n ab\t ! fe/ival itself4 ,to provide = ! exp5se1 ea* h\se is ask$ to contribute a c]ta9 am\nt ( money--! ,*ri/ians along ) ! re/4 ,!re is no legal compulsion 9 ! matt]1 b e "o contributes1 & !re is a moral necessity to d s4 ,n[ :at /& %all ! ,*ri/ian *ur* take on ?is matt]8 ,%all ! memb]s be advis$ to comply ) ! cu/om1 or %all !y be =bidd5 to d s8 ,h[ to rema9 fai?ful to h] ,"l1 & yet n unnecess>ily w\nd ! national feel+s ( h] c\ntrym51 is ! delicate & difficult problem :i* ! native *ur* mu/ solve4 ,a v important problem is1 h[ to br+ ab\t m cop]ation 9 mission "w4 ,x is highly desirable t ,*ri/ianity pres5t an #cjc undivid$ front to ! enemy1 t its =ces at lea/ "w 9 h>mony ) "o ano!r4 ,:ile m5's views on important !ological que/ions diff] s radically z at pres5t x is useless to talk ( organic union2 b !re c & %\ld be bro!rly recognition1 mutual assi/ance :5ev] possible1 respect = "o ano!r's views1 abs5ce ( controv]sy1 scrupul\s reg>d = ano!r's recogniz$ t]ritory1 & he>ty cop]ation 9 all possible ways4 ,!re is some?+ ( ?is realiz$ 9 ,japan to-day4 ,! ,*ri/ian bodies1 z a rule1 dwell toge!r 9 peace & h>mony1 rejoic+ 9 "o ano!r's welf>e4 ,cont5tions & /rife are mu* less common ?an 9 ! ,we/4 ,all ! v>i\s bran*es ( ! ,re=m$ & ,presbyt]ian *ur*es are labor+ 9 he>ty cop]ation to build up "o unit$ native *ur*4 ,! v>i\s ,episcopal bodies1 :ile !mselves organically di/9ct1 are also build+ up an undivid$ ,japanese ,episcopal ,*ur*4 ,b mu* yet rema9s t might be done 9 ?is l9e4 ,9 matt]s ( publication1 !ological education1 etc41 t involve heavy exp5se1 plans might be devis$ :]eby sev]al missions c\ld cop]ate1 & ?us ! exp5se be less5$ to ea* & ! "w bett] done4 ,to illu/rate3 "h is a small mission1 ) only a few work]s & a v small am\nt ( money :]e) to #cjd op]ate4 ,x has all ! evangeli/ic "w x c d1 & is unable to support its own !ological s*ool4 ,"s ( its mission>ies are tak5 f ! evangeli/ic "w & =c$ to tra91 z be/ !y c1 "o or two !ological /ud5ts4 ,9 ! same community is a good !ological s*ool belong+ to a si/] mission1 t has only a few /ud5ts & w\ld be glad to give its advantages to ! /ud5ts ( ! o!r mission4 ,x does seem t "s plan ( cop]ation %\ld be devis$ :]eby ea* c\ld be accommodat$4 ,?is problem is unsolv$1 & ea* little mission goes on work+ indep5d5tly ( all ! o!rs1 at ! co/ ( l>g] exp5diture & poor] "w4 ,an easi] =m ( cop]ation v mu* to be desir$1 :i* has n yet be5 consummat$1 is t betwe5 diff]5t bran*es ( ! same *ur*4 ,t ^? kn[n by ! same "n1 ^: doctr9e & polity diff] b little1 & :o are sep>at$ 9 ! ,we/ only by geographical divisions1 %\ld cop]ate on ! mission field is a pla9 duty1 failure to effect :i* is culpable4 ,take ! great ,me?odi/ ,*ur*4 ,!re are five diff]5t ,me?odi/ bodies at "w 9 ,japan--ea* "o prosecut+ its "w sep>ate & di/9ct f ! o!rs4 ,!re is no conflict betwe5 !m1 nei!r is !re any cop]ation4 ,:at a sav+ !re w\ld be if ^! bodies w\ld cop]ate1 especially 9 ! matt] ( #cje educational "w6 ,z x is1 ea* "o ( !m supports its own academical & !ological s*ool1 at a co/ ( m5 & money almo/ suffici5t = ! ne$s ( all if unit$4 ,_m ( ^! diff]5t s*ools are at pres5t poorly att5d$ & consequ5tly poorly equipp$2 :]eas if ! :ole educational "w 7 done by "o or at mo/ two in/itutions !re w\ld be a l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts & ! equipm5t c\ld be made fir/-class4 ,an ef=t has be5 made on sev]al occasions to unite ^! v>i\s ,me?odi/ bodies1 & mo/ ( !m desire a union1 b z yet x has fail$ ( accompli%m5t4 ,! responsibility = ?is failure lies mu* m ) ! home bo>ds ?an ) ! mission>ies4 ,! latt] g5]ally desire m cop]ation1 & c\ld br+ x ab\t 7 x n = ! re/rictions plac$ ^u !m4 ,?is is a problem to ! solution ( :i* ! v>i\s mission>y societies %\ld set !mselves 9 e>ne/4 ,if ! advance ( ! k+dom is p>tly h9d]$ by a lack ( ?is cop]ation1 !n ! mission bo>ds are responsible be=e ,god4 ,! above are b "s ( ! problems :i* pres5t !mselves to-day 9 ,japan4 ,if ,i h succe$$ 9 impress+ ! read] ) _! numb]1 complexity1 & difficulty ( solution1 my purpose is accompli%$4 #cjf ,,xvi ,,! ,,outlook ,x is exce$+ly difficult to =m a reliable conjecture conc]n+ ! future /ate ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan4 ,9 ?is l& ! unexpect$ always happ5s4 ,x has be5 call$ a l& ( surprises4 ,in/ability1 vacillation1 & *ange are its *>act]i/ics4 ,:at is 9 favor to-day may be out to-morr[2 :at is out ( favor to-day may be 9 to-morr[4 ,! signs ( ! times may cle>ly indicate a c]ta9 tr5d ( ev5ts = ! next ye>1 b ere t ye> has come all may *ange & ! happ5+s be q diff]5t f :at 0 expect$4 ,! fact is1 ,japan is und]go+ a peaceable social & political revolution1 & x is h>d to tell :at a day may br+ =?4 ,b !re are c]ta9 factors :i*1 if left to _! natural developm5t1 w t5d to br+ ab\t a c]ta9 condition1 & by consid]+ #cjg ^? factors we c tell some?+ ab\t :at t condition ought to be4 ,we w attempt1 !n1 to take a bird's-eye view ( ! influ5ces 9 op]ation on ?is mission field1 & w make a surmise z to _! probable outcome 9 ! future4 ,!re are ?ree factors :i* mu/ be consid]$ 9 attempt+ to =m an op9ion z to ! outlook3 ! work+ =ces2 ! opposition to _! "w2 & ! natural adaptability or inadaptability ( ! p4 ,we w endeavor to look "r closely into ^!4 ,humanly speak+1 ! =ces engag$ 9 any "w w det]m9e1 to "s ext5t1 ! future condition ( t "w4 ,! future ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan w dep5d 9 "p ^u ! pres5t work+ ,*ri/ian =ces4 ,^! =ces are ! native *ur*1 ! body ( mission>ies1 & ! :ole mass ( mission ma*9]y4 ,! burd5 ( ! "w re/s ) ! native *ur*4 ,! evangelization ( ! masses mu/ be *iefly by h] ef=t4 ,! /&+ ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! empire w dep5d ^u h]4 ,if true to h] ,"l1 & fai?ful 9 ! dis*>ge ( ! task :i* ,he has giv51 ! result w probably be good4 ,n[ :at is ! condition ( ! native *ur* 9 ,japan to-day8 ,!re are #ajj1jjj ,*ri/ians1 includ+ ,prote/ants1 ,greeks1 & ,romani/s4 ,^! ,*ri/ians h manife/$ comm5dable zeal1 e>ne/ness1 & #cjh piety4 ,! native *ur* is organiz$1 hopeful1 & aggressive1 yet 9 _m respects n :at h] fri5ds desire & :at !y pray %e may be4 ,v mu* is yet to be desir$ 9 ! matt]s ( or?odoxy1 self-support1 & int]nal h>mony1 b x is n sure t ?is native *ur* is m lack+ 9 ^! respects ?an native *ur*es 9 o!r mission fields4 ,*ur* hi/ory seems to indicate t ! *ur* 9 e l& mu/ g ?r\gh a c]ta9 p]iod ( doctr9al developm5t4 ,! old h]esies ( ,arianism1 ,pelagianism1 & ,sabellianism spr+ up 9 _! ord] on ea* mission field1 & are f9ally succe$$ by or?odoxy4 ,japan is n[ 9 t develop+ p]iod1 & loose !ological views are to be expect$4 ,!re are _m m5 ( unor?odox views 9 ! native *ur*1 :o ex]t a /rong influ5ce2 b !re are also _m m5 ( s\nd evangelical views1 :o w be able probably to re/ra9 ! radicals & det]m9e ! future developm5t4 ,i ?9k 9 "t !re w come to ! *ur* 9 ,japan a s\nd] fai? & a full] ,*ri/ian consci\sness1 & t %e w fai?fully be> h] "p 9 ! evangelization ( ?is l&4 ,al?\gh !re are n[ _m elem5ts 9 ! *ur* :i* %\ld n be !re1 we mu/ h fai? to leave ! removal ( !m to ! influ5ce ( "t & ! guidance ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,god w take c>e ( ,8 *ur* #cji & end[ h] = ! "w ,he has giv5 h] to d4 ,! =eign mission>ies 9 ,japan c be dep5d$ ^u to d all 9 _! p[] to br+ ab\t ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y are a l>ge body ( e>ne/1 consecrat$ work]s1 l$ by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,) b a few exceptions1 a m fai?ful & tal5t$ body ( m5 _c be f\nd4 ,!re are 9 all bran*es ( ! *ur*1 includ+ ,greek & ,roman ,ca?olics1 #hgf ,european mission>ies4 ,?is numb] includes s+le & m>ri$ wom54 ,su* a =ce1 l$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 ought to be able to d mu* to ha/5 ! com+ ( ! k+dom 9 ,japan4 ,besides ! native & =eign work]s1 all ! ma*9]y & in/itutions ( v>i\s k9ds necess>y = ! gr[? & expansion ( ! *ur* are n[ 9 op]ation4 ,a good ,*ri/ian lit]ature is rapidly =m+1 num]\s ,*ri/ian s*ools ( v>i\s grades are plant$ ov] all ! empire1 & a l>ge numb] ( ,*ri/ian colleges & !ological sem9>ies are already op54 ,:5 we ?us review ! human =ces ^u :i* ! future dep5ds we h reason to feel enc\rag$4 ,b no matt] h[ /rong & consecrat$ ! body ( work]s1 ! success ( ! "w w 9 "s degree be condition$ by ! h9drances #caj :i* are plac$ 9 ! way4 ,!re may be c]ta9 social or gov]nm5tal oppositions1 c]ta9 comb9ations ( militat+ circum/ances1 :i* w prove insurm\ntable to ! be/ work]s1 effectually h9d]+ ! future ( a "w o!rwise promis+4 ,=m]ly1 z has be5 %[n1 ! gov]nm5t put e opposition x c\ld 9 ! way ( ,*ri/ian "w4 ,long aft] ! prohibitions ( ,*ri/ianity 7 remov$ gov]nm5tal influ5ce 0 ex]t$ aga9/ x 9 _m ways4 ,ev5 aft] religi\s lib]ty 0 grant$ by ! promulgation ( ! con/itution x 0 f> f be+ realiz$4 ,9 c]ta9 dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5tal s]vice1 especially 9 ! milit>y & educational dep>tm5ts1 until v rec5t ye>s p]secutions 7 /ill practis$ 9 a mild b effective way4 ,b all ?is is n[ a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,! attitude ( ! gov]nm5t has *ang$ rec5tly1 & in/ead ( h9d]+ x has actually enc\rag$ & 9 sev]al ways help$ 9 our "w4 ,dur+ ! late w> ) ,*9a x p]mitt$ ! s5d+ to ! army ( ?ree native *apla9s1 & on ! field enc\rag$ & help$ !m all x c\ld4 ,^! m5 7 n (ficially /yl$ ,*ri/ian *apla9s1 b 7 call$ imon%i1 or com=t]s4 ,x is n true1 z has rec5tly be5 affirm$ by a m9i/] 9 ,new ,york1 #caa t !re are regul>ly appo9t$ p]man5t ,*ri/ian *apla9s to ! ,japanese army4 ,none b ^! ?ree h ev] be5 appo9t$1 & _! appo9tm5t 0 only tempor>y4 ,b ! fact t ! gov]nm5t grant$ !m p]mission to accompany ! armies & enc\rag$ _! "w %[s cle>ly a *ang$ attitude t[>d ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! same is indicat$ by ! fact t ! au?orities will+ly gave p]mission = ! di/ribution ( ,bibles to ! soldi]s 9 e dep>tm5t ( ! army4 ,!y ev5 aid$ 9 ! di/ribution1 & (t5 arrang$ = ^? :o di/ribut$ !m to prea* to ! soldi]s4 ,i ?9k few non-,*ri/ian l&s h ev] gone s f> z ?is 9 _! enc\ragem5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,f ^! facts ,i inf] t ! gov]nm5t w no long] place ob/acles 9 ! way ( our "w4 ,su* ob/acles h 9 ! pa/ prev5t$ _m f favor+ ,*ri/ianity1 & _! removal augurs well = ! future4 ,! native religions h v mu* h9d]$ ! evangelization ( ,japan4 ,_! militat+ influ5ce is /ill active & p[]ful1 b ,i ?9k x is gradually decl9+4 ,buddhism w die h>d1 b %e is too old1 effete1 & corrupt p]man5tly to )/& h] y\ng] & m p[]ful foe4 ,! inh]5t tru? ( ,*ri/ianity mu/ ultimately give x ! victory4 ,z ,japanese education & #cab enlight5m5t advance1 ! intr9sic sup]iority ( ,*ri/ianity ov] ,buddhism mu/ appe> & mu/ recomm5d x to ! p4 ,! hope ( our religion 9 ?is l& lies l>gely 9 ! fact ( ! insatiable desire ( ! p = ,we/]n le>n+ & civilization4 ,! ev]-increas+ introduction ( ,we/]n lit]ature1 ! adoption ( our civilization & in/itutions1 w necess>ily br+ ab\t a bett] acqua9tance ) ,*ri/ianity1 its _s & aims4 ,!n ! prejudice aga9/ x w gradually die out1 & x w1 appeal+ to !m 9 its true light1--! g]m & base ( all true civilization1 & ! fo/]-"m ( education & enlight5m5t1--be readily accept$4 ,! social h9drances op]at+ aga9/ ,*ri/ianity to-day are all local & p]sonal1 & w probably become less & less until !y die a natural dea?4 ,e "p ( ! empire is absolutely op51 & !re is no?+ to h9d] a full & free proclamation ( ! gospel 9 e t[n1 village1 & hamlet 9 ,japan4 ,! sup]ior position ( ,*ri/ianity at pres5t to t :i* x held a few ye>s ago is /rik+4 ,pr(essor ,*amb]la91 a v close obs]v]1 ^: exp]i5ce 9 ,japan has ext5d$ ov] _m ye>s1 says3 ,to ^? :o c look back ?irty ye>s1 or ev5 only tw5ty ye>s1 ! *ange 9 ! position ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan #cac is mo/ /rik+1 inde$ well-nigh incr$ible4 ,f a hat$ & despis$ ?+ x has ris5 to a position 9 :i* x comm&s ! respect ( _m ( ! be/ m5 9 ! l&4 ,b !re is ano!r elem5t :i* mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation 9 mak+ up an e/imate ( ! outlook1 & t is ! natural adaptability or inadaptability ( ! p = ,*ri/ianity4 ,! f>m] may labor long & h>d2 he may s[ ! be/ se$2 sun%9e & ra9 may l5d _! enc\ragem5t2 b if ! soil is uncong5ial ! yield w be small4 ,9 ! same way1 a /rong1 consecrat$ work+ =ce may labor1 unoppos$1 ) might & ma9 9 ! mission field1 b if ! soil is n cong5ial ! results w be small4 ,are ! ,japanese p well or ill adapt$ by nature to ! reception ( ,*ri/ianity8 ,! /ronge/ opposition to our "w1 & ! "o :i* makes u mo/ anxi\s = ! future1 lies 9 ! natural con/itution ( ! p = :om we labor4 ,_m natural *>act]i/ics ( ?is p pr$ispose !m to reject ,*ri/ianity4 ,i mu/ aga9 ref] to t /rong nationali/ic feel+ :i* is inborn 9 e ,japanese & :i* h9d]s ! rapid progress ( ! gospel4 ,?is pr9ciple1 op]at+ )9 ! *ur*1 ?reat5s to de/roy ! or?odoxy & integrity ( ! fai?4 ,animat$ by a patriotic feel+ #cad t is m bl9d ?an enlight5$1 ! cre$s1 ! polity1 ! life ( ! *ur* ( ! ,we/1 are consid]$ z ( little wor?1 & _m p>ts ( ! native *ur* are extremely anxi\s to cut (f ev]y?+ possible t has a =eign flavor1 & to create a =m ( ,*ri/ianity peculi>ly ,japanese4 ,aga91 ! nationali/ic feel+ prompts _m1 bo? 9 ! *ur* & out ( x1 to *afe at ! pres5ce ( =eign religi\s tea*]s 9 _! mid/4 ,! v pres5ce ( ^! tea*]s is look$ ^u z an implication t ! ,japanese are n compet5t to in/ruct !mselves 9 religi\s matt]s1 & ?is is mu* res5t$4 ,z a prom95t ,japanese put x n long ago1 ,:at c\ld be m inconsi/5t or improp] ?an = great ,japan1 t has s rec5tly humbl$ ,*9a & =c$ ! admiration ( ! _w = h] skill 9 arms1 z well z = h] educational1 comm]cial1 & indu/rial developm5t1 to be in/ruct$ 9 religi\s matt]s by =eign]s8 ,op]at+ 9 ^! ways1 ,japanese patriotism ill adapts ! p = a reception ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ano!r feature ( ! native "* :i* is n favorable is its lack ( s]i\sness & /ability4 ,religion is a s]i\s1 solemn matt]1 b ! ,japanese are n a s]i\s-m9d$ p4 ,_! beliefs h always sat lightly ^u !m1 to be tak5 (f & put on at w4 ,:]e ^! #cae *>act]i/ics are l>gely want+ ! progress ( ,*ri/ianity w probably be sl[4 ,at pres5t ! ,japanese are too mat]iali/ic prop]ly to appreciate a religion s spiritual z ours4 ,9 religion1 z 9 all o!r ?+s1 !y desire to receive "s pres5t mat]ial b5efit2 & :5 ! rew>ds ( ,*ri/ianity are f\nd to be *iefly spiritual1 & mo/ ( !m n realiz$ 9 ! pres5t life1 a deaf e> is turn$4 ,?is is an era ( great mat]ial prosp]ity 9 ,japan1 & ! m9ds ( ! p are fully occupi$ ) comm]cial & indu/rial que/ions1 to ! exclusion ( moral & religi\s ones4 ,! mo/ common attitude ( ! ,japanese public t[>d ,*ri/ianity to-day is "o ( absolute indiff]5ce4 ,! p ?9k t if ! gov]nm5t p]mits ?is religion x _c be s v bad2 x is mak+ little progress anyway1 & !y ne$ give x no notice :atev]4 ,if o!rs c>e to g & he> ab\t x1 all "r1 b z = !mselves1 !y h no relations ) x4 ,! usual exp]i5ce n[ :5 a new *apel is op5$ & prea*+ begun is t = a few times l>ge numb]s ( p w come out ( curiosity2 !n aft] a little !y /op1 & no fur!r reg>d is paid to ! *apel or ! prea*+4 ,! conflict ( religions1 ! inconsi/5cies & %ortcom+s ( ! old fai?s1 ! advanc+ k1 h comb9$ to br+ ab\t a /ate #caf ( indiff]5ce1 wide-spread & h>d to ov]come4 ,x is 9 _m respects m hurtful ?an a position ( op5 antagonism4 ,! natural t5d5cy ( ! ,japanese m9d to be skeptical 9 reg>d to all sup]natural que/ions has be5 fo/]$ by education to su* an ext5t t educat$ ,japan is to-day l>gely a nation ( a!i/s1 or at lea/ ( agno/ics4 ,! pr\d ph>isaic _s is abroad1 indispos+ ! race to accept ,*ri/4 ,! c\rse ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! future w n be an unoppos$1 easy m>* to victory4 ,!re yet rema9s a great deal to be done1 ,_m cl\ds /ill l+] on ! horizon1 mak+ u anxi\s ab\t ! morr[4 ,b s mu* has already be5 done t ! *ur*es at home %\ld feel enc\rag$ to r5ew _! en]gies = ! f9al conte/4 ,:5 "o division ( an army has =c$ a brea* 9 ! enemy's l9es1 x is n left to hold ! position alone1 b re9=cem5ts are hurri$ =w>d to its assi/ance1 & ! advantage ga9$ is in/antly foll[$ up4 ,! attack has be5 made 9 ,japan2 ! enemy's l9es h be5 brok51 b ! victory is n yet4 ,?is is no "t = retreat1 = hesitancy1 or = cavil2 ?is is a "t = prompt re9=cem5t & lib]al support4 ,let ! home *ur*es feel t su* is _! pres5t duty t[>d ! "w 9 ,japan4 #cag ,al?\gh ! outlook to-day is n to ! natural eye v bright1 to ! spiritual eye all is z noonday4 ,! victory has be5 assur$ f ! beg9n+4 ,h[ev] indispos$ by nature ! p among :om we labor may be1 :atev] h9drances may oppose our "w1 ! ^w ( ! ,almighty has gone =?--! k+doms ( ?is _w %all become ! k+doms ( our ,"l & ( ,8 ,*ri/4 ,! victory is sure1 because ,god reigns4 ,9 ,8 own good "t e oppos+ influ5ce w pass away1 & ! bann] ( ,k+ ,immanuel w wave ov] all ?is fair l&4 ,x may n be 9 ! pres5t c5tury2 x may n ev5 be 9 ! lifetime ( any n[ liv+2 b x w surely be :5 ,god's "t is fulfill$4 ,) an assur$ fai?1 built ^u ! firm promises ( ,god1 we confid5tly look =w>d to ! "t :5 ! empire ( ,japan %all no long] be a mission field1 b %all h]self s5d ! message ( light & life to ! d>k5$ millions ar\nd h]4 ,may ,god ha/5 ! day4 #cai ,,index ,a9u1 #aj1 #cc4 ,am]ican ,bo>d 7,congregational71 #aga2 hi/ory ( "w1 #agi2 /ra9$ relations ) native *ur*1 #ahb4 ,ance/ors1 wor%ip (1 #aag1 #bgj1 #cja4 ,animals1 #bi4 ,art1 #ie4 ,asama1 #aa4 ,a%ikaga1 #db4 ,ballagh1 ,rev4 ,mr41 baptiz$ fir/ conv]t1 #age4 ,bank+1 #ajc4 ,bapti/s1 #aga1 #ahg4 ,ba?+1 #hc4 ,beautiful1 love ( !1 #ei4 ,belief1 mission>y's1 #aih4 ,b]ry1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,c41 op9ions on vacations1 #bah1 #bbj1 #bbc2 8 m$ical "w1 #bfe4 ,bible1 fir/ portions translat$1 #adg1 #agd2 translation (1 ess5tial1 #afb2 translation committee & "w1 #age2 di/ribution to soldi]s1 #caa4 ,bible & tract societies ( ,am]ica & ,engl&1 "w (1 #aij4 ,bicycle1 #bde4 ,birds1 #cj4 ,biwa1 #ad4 ,bridges1 #af4 ,bro!rhood1 univ]sal1 unkn[n1 #acf2 repugnant1 #bgc4 ,bro!rs1 relation (1 #acd4 ,br[n1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,s4 ,r41 #agj2 drafts ( ,new ,te/am5t1 #agd4 ,buddhism1 introduction (1 #dj2 pr9cipal features (1 #abf2 hi/ory (1 #abg2 =mative p[] (1 #abh2 temples & prie/s1 #abi2 & ,*ri/ianity1 #abf1 #acj1 #bgi2 vitality (1 #bgh1 #caa4 ,camphor1 #bf4 ,c5sus ( #ahic1 #i4 ,*amb]la91 ,pr(essor1 on advance ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan1 #cab4 ,*apla9s1 ,*ri/ian1 appo9t$ by ! gov]nm5t1 #caj4 ,"*1 mission>y's1 #bjj4 ,*e]fulness1 native1 #ec4 ,*ildr51 an all[ance =1 #bad4 ,*9a1 e>ly influ5ce (1 #ci2 anci5t civilization (1 #ij2 rec5t w> )1 #di1 #caj4 ,*ri/ianity1 fir/ introduction (1 #add2 e>ly successes1 #adh2 attempt$ ext]m9ation (1 #aed2 _c be extirpat$1 #aef2 prohibitions (1 #aeg1 #agb2 edicts aga9/1 remov$1 #agf2 reaction aga9/1 #agh2 by nature diffusive1 #bdc2 revolutioniz+ t5d5cy (1 #bfg2 exclusiv5ess (1 #bfi2 pa/ record (1 #bgd2 advance (1 #cab4 ,*ur*1 fir/ organiz$1 #age2 sift+ (1 #agh4 ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ,japan1 #ahd4 ,civilization1 def9ition (1 #hi2 ,japan's comp>$ ) ,we/]n1 #ajf2 adoption ( ,we/]n1 #agg4 ,climate1 #ai-bb4 ,clo?+1 #gc1 #hb4 ,comm]cial honor1 #fg2 morality1 #abj4 ,confucianism1 & ,japanese morality1 #aji2 e?ics (1 #aaj2 hi/ory (1 #acj2 basal pr9ciples (1 #aca2 ne>e/ approa* to ,*ri/ianity1 #ace2 contra/$ ) ,*ri/ianity1 #bdc4 ,consecration ( mission>y1 #aig4 ,con/itution ( ,japan1 #dg1 #if4 ,conv]ts1 fir/1 #age2 social o/racism (1 #bgi2 requirem5ts (1 #bhh2 indig5t1 #bhi4 ,curiosity1 native1 #bab4 ,cu/oms1 be>+ (1 ^u mission "w1 #gj1 #bfi4 ,davis1 ,rev4 & ,mrs4 ,j4 ,d41 #ahj4 ,dea?1 n afraid (1 #fe4 ,disappo9tm5ts1 mission>y's1 #bbf4 ,do%i%a ,univ]sity1 #ahj2 rationali/ic tea*+ (1 #aha4 ,duty1 ours to ! mission>y1 #bbi2 joy ( do+1 #bca4 ,e>?quakes1 #ab1 #ac4 ,educational sy/em ( ,japan1 #ic1 #bee2 antagoni/ic to ,*ri/ianity1 #bgf4 ,educational "w ( missions1 comp>$ ) evangeli/ic1 #bej2 criticism (1 #bec2 h9d]s self-support1 #bfj4 ,embassy to ,rome1 #adi4 ,emp]or1 p[] ( "n1 #ee2 wor%ip ( picture1 #aab1 #cja4 ,environm5t1 mission>y's1 unfavorable1 #bbg4 ,episcopalians1 #agj1 #ahc2 five bran*es (1 #ahf2 native *ur*1 #ahg1 #cjc4 ,e?nology1 #cb1 #cc4 ,europeanization ( ,japan1 #df1 #ia2 our hope1 #cab4 ,evangelization1 #bcd2 mission>ies mu/ be evangeli/s1 #bce2 subord9at$ to educational "w1 #bcf2 local1 #bcg2 it9]at+1 #bdb4 ,exiles1 mission>ies1 #bbe1 #bbh4 ,exports1 #bg4 ,facial expression1 #ec4 ,f>ms1 #bc4 ,fe/ivals1 religi\s1 #cjb4 ,feudalism1 rise (1 #da2 conditions "u1 #ade4 ,fi%1 #cj4 ,food1 #hj4 ,=eign pa/or1 #bcj4 ,=eign]s1 treatm5t (1 #dd1 #acf2 c\ntry op5 to1 #agj1 #aga2 ungodly example (1 #bhb4 ,=mosa1 #i4 ,fran*ise1 limit$1 #if4 ,fri5ds1 #ace4 ,fuji-san1 #ab4 ,fujiw>a family1 #da4 ,fun]als1 #hd4 ,geography ( ,japan1 #i-ae4 ,girls' bo>d+-s*ools1 #bee2 purpose (1 #bef2 end defeat$ by etiquette1 #beg2 reasons = & aga9/1 #beh1 #bei4 ,goble1 ,rev4 ,j41 translation ( ,mat!w1 #agd4 ,god1 ,japanese ^w =1 #bdi1 #bfb4 ,gov]nm5t1 ,japanese1 #ie2 pat]nalism (1 #eh2 ho/ile to ,*ri/ianity1 #agb1 #agc1 #cac4 ,gratitude1 #ff4 ,greek ,*ur* 7,russian71 #afe2 its f\nd]1 #aff2 its ca!dral1 #afg2 its "w1 #afh4 ,gre5e1 ,dr4 & ,mrs41 #ahj4 ,greet+s1 #hh4 ,gulick1 ,rev4 ,o4 ,h41 #ahj2 /ory ( 8 tea*]1 #agb4 ,h>a-kiri 7belly-cutt+71 #he4 ,haughty be>+ ( mission>y1 #bda4 ,heal? ( mission>y1 ! fir/ qualification1 #aic2 m$ical exam9ations1 #aie2 all[ance =1 #bae2 & vacations1 #baf4 ,hea!n fai?s oppos$ to ,*ri/ianity1 #bgg1 #caa4 ,hiba*i1 #hj4 ,hideyo%i1 #dc2 p]secutor ( ,*ri/ians1 #aej4 ,h9drances to ,*ri/ianity1 #bff2 common to all fields1 #bfg2 peculi> to ,japan1 #bga2 ! greate/1 #cac4 ,hiro%ima1 #ah4 ,holl&]s1 #aj1 #dd1 #aef1 #aeh4 ,homes1 mission1 necessity ( z examples1 #bjg1 #baa2 com=t (1 #baj2 a ,we/]n home1 #bab4 ,hondo1 #i4 ,h\ses1 ,japanese1 use (1 #gf2 con/ruction (1 #gh2 furniture1 #gi4 ,human life1 *eap1 #fd4 ,imitativ5ess1 #fd4 ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 #id4 ,inconsi/5cy1 #fc4 ,inl& ,sea1 #aj4 ,inns1 ,japanese1 #bde4 ,inquir]s1 h[ to deal )1 #bch1 #bhf4 ,in/ability1 ( p1 #fa1 #cad2 ( civilization1 #aje4 ,intellectual life1 #ed2 op5-m9d$ness1 #ei4 ,isl&s ( ,japan1 #i1 #aj1 #aa4 ,it9]at+1 #bdb2 greate/ h9drance to1 #bdf2 k9ds (1 #bdg2 objections to1 #bdi4 ,iyeyasu1 #dc1 #aji2 & ! battle ( ,sekigah>a1 #aec2 p]secution ( ,*ri/ianity1 #aec4 ,japan1 ! l& (1 #i2 new1 bir? (1 #de2 religions (1 #abb4 ,japanese1 reliable hi/ory (1 #dj2 *>act]i/ics1 #ea2 mann]s & cu/oms1 #fi1 civilization1 #hi2 morality1 #ajg2 skeptical1 #caf4 ,jesuits1 introduction ( ,*ri/ianity by1 #de4 ,jimmu ,t5no1 #cf1 #ch4 ,j+o1 ,empress1 #ci4 ,j9riki%a1 #fc1 #bdd4 ,joys ( ! mission>y1 #bca4 ,kago%ima1 #ah4 ,kanagawa1 #ah4 ,kasatk91 ,bi%op ,nicolai1 f\nd] ( ,greek mission1 #aff4 ,korea1 subjugation (1 #ci4 ,kyoto or ,saikyo1 #aj1 #ag1 #ah4 ,kyu%u1 #i2 ,dut* resid5ce on1 #aj4 ,lakes1 #ad4 ,l&1 cultivat$1 #aa1 #bb2 picturesque1 #ad2 irrigation (1 #bb2 t]rac+1 #bc4 ,language1 /ructure (1 #ee2 difficult to le>n to read1 #ic2 fir/ diction>y (1 #agd2 tal5t =1 ess5tial to ! mission>y1 #bjc2 difficult to ma/]1 #bfb1 #bhd4 ,lawr5ce1 ,dr4 ,e41 on common s5se1 #bjd2 on exiles1 #bbe2 axioms ( missions1 #bib4 ,laws1 #if4 ,libr>ies1 h[ reg>d$1 #gb4 ,life1 *ief ( all evils1 #abg4 ,ligg9s1 ,rev4 ,j41 #agj4 ,lights1 #ajc4 ,lit]ature1 native1 #ib2 ,*ri/ian1 #bfa1 #bfc4 ,love ( humanity1 mission>y's1 #aii4 ,loyalty1 fir/ moral pr9ciple1 #aaa1 #acb4 ,lu!rans1 mission>y problems (1 #ahh2 purpose 9 ,japan1 #ahi4 ,mc,donald1 ,dr41 on furl\ghs1 #bbd4 ,mails1 #aja1 #bdf4 ,manufactories1 #ajd4 ,m>riage1 cu/oms1 #ge2 relation1 #acc2 ess5tial to mission>y1 #bjf4 ,m>tyrs1 #aae4 ,mat]ialism 9 ,japan1 #bgg1 #cae4 ,maxims1 #aag1 #bgb4 ,m$ical missions1 #bfd2 no long] ne$$ 9 ,japan1 #bfe4 ,m5tal qualifications ( ! mission>y1 #bja4 ,me?odi/ ,*ur* 9 ,japan1 #aga1 #ahc2 bran*es (1 #ahe1 #cjd2 pres5t /atus (1 #ahf4 ,mikados1 #da4 ,m9amoto1 great clan1 #da4 ,m9]als1 #bh1 ,mission>ies1 lives 9 dang]1 #aga2 qualifications (1 #aib2 private life (1 #bji2 ext5t & v>iety ( "w (1 #bcd2 numb] (1 9 ,japan1 #cji4 ,missions 9 ,japan1 mod]n ,roman & ,greek1 #afj2 ,prote/ant1 #afi2 ! happy "t (1 #agg2 diff]+ policy (1 #ahb2 small bodies1 #aij2 results (1 #aia2 project$ on too high a plane1 #bfj2 h9drances to1 #bff2 special problems (1 #bhf2 ! outlook (1 #cjf4 ,morality1 comp>$ ) ,we/1 #aji1 #aag2 *ief defect (1 #aba4 ,music 9 ! ,greek ,*ur*1 #afg4 ,mutsuhito1 #dg4 ,my?ological hi/ory1 #cf-ci4 ,my?ology1 #cd1 #abb4 ,nagasaki1 #aj4 ,nagoya1 #ah4 ,native *ur*1 its relation to ! mission>y1 #ahb1 #bbh1 #bii1 #cad2 mission>y's cr[n1 #bcb2 developm5t (1 #bdb2 hurtful national feel+ 91 #bgc2 problem (1 #bij2 polity (1 #bij2 self-support1 #bic2 reasons = dep5d5ce1 #bid2 attitude t[>d national habits & cu/oms1 #cjj2 condition (1 to-day1 #cjg4 ,native m9i/ry1 educat$1 #bea2 h[ provid$1 #bie2 h[ tra9$1 #big4 ,neesima1 ,dr41 #aha4 ,newspap]s1 ,japanese1 #ib2 value ( ,*ri/ian1 #bfc4 ,nihon1 native "n ( empire1 #aj4 ,nihon-ba%i1 c5t] ( empire1 #af4 ,nobunaga1 #dc2 patron ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 #adh2 assass9at$1 #aej4 ,ob$i5ce1 result (1 #eh4 ,(ficial honor1 #fh1 ,okayama1 #ah4 ,omiiki1 f\nd] ( ,t5rikyo1 #ach4 ,op5 ports1 #ai4 ,orig9ality1 native1 #fc4 ,outlook 9 ,japan1 #cjf2 bright to spiritual eye1 #cag4 ,p>5tal relation1 #acc4 ,p>5tal respect1 #eg2 great e?ical pr9ciple1 #aaf4 ,passports1 #bdf4 ,patriotism1 extreme1 #ee2 h9d]s ,*ri/ianity1 #bgb1 #cac4 ,p]ry1 ,commodore1 & ! op5+ ( ,japan1 #dd4 ,p]secutions1 causes (1 #aej2 ,*ri/ians exil$1 #agb2 ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t &1 #agf2 cessation (1 #agg2 memory (1 #bge4 ,physique1 native1 #cc4 ,polit5ess1 ! exalt$ virtue1 #he2 ridicul\s extremes1 #hg4 ,portuguese1 discov]y ( ,japan1 #dc2 capta9 & ,hideyo%i1 #aej4 ,pray]1 #afi4 ,presbyt]ian ,bo>d ( ,=eign ,missions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #afi1 #agj4 ,problems1 special1 #bhf4 ,railways1 #ig4 ,ra9fall1 #ba4 ,re=m$ ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica1 #agj4 ,religion1 ,japanese1 composite1 #abc2 influ5ce (1 #adb2 & morality1 #bfh4 ,riv]s1 #ac4 ,roads1 #ae1 #af4 ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,japan1 pione] "w (1 #add2 driv5 out1 #aed2 e>ly mi/akes1 #aeh1 #afa2 ! "w resum$1 #afj2 peculi> h9drances to1 #afc2 prosp]ity (1 #afd4 ,ron9s1 /ory ( ! =ty-sev51 #aab4 ,sake1 #aai4 ,sal>y ( ! mission>y1 #bac2 :5 on furl\gh1 #bai4 ,s*ools1 ,sunday1 #bci2 mission1 #bea2 academical1 #bec2 girls'1 #bee4 ,sect>ianism1 a h9drance to missions1 #bha2 disappe>+1 #cjc2 advantages ( cop]ation1 #cjd4 ,self-control ( mission>y1 #bje4 ,s]mons1 k9d (1 #bdi4 ,sexes1 relation (1 #gc4 ,%ikoku1 #aj4 ,%imab>a1 fall (1 #aee4 ,%9to1 revival (1 #de2 morality1 #ajh2 hi/ory (1 #abc2 /ate religion1 #abe2 ance/ors1 #bgj2 oppos+ ,*ri/ianity1 #bgh4 ,%ogun 7tycoon71 #db2 abolition ( ! (fice1 #df4 ,sign language1 graceful1 #gf4 ,simmons1 ,dr4 ,d4 ,b41 #agj4 ,s91 no ^w =1 #bdi1 #bfb4 ,society1 mission>y's ne$ (1 #baf1 #bag1 #bbe4 ,spiritual qualifications ( ! mission>y1 #aig4 ,/eam]s1 #ii4 ,suicides1 #fe1 #abj4 ,taira1 great clan1 #da4 ,taylor1 ,dr4 ,w41 #bfe2 op9ions on mission>y's qualifications1 #aid2 furl\ghs1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bbd4 ,telegraphs1 #ii1 #bdf4 ,t5rikyo1 mission>y religion1 #acg2 orig9 (1 #ach2 tea*+s (1 #aci2 di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics1 #ada4 ,!ological tra9+1 necessity (1 #bea2 9 ,engli% language1 #beb2 abroad1 #beb1 #bii2 place ( native religions 91 #bih4 ,!ology1 native1 rationali/ic1 #aha2 desire =1 #bgd2 =mative /age1 #cjh4 ,tidal waves1 #ac4 ,tokaido1 mo/ fam\s road1 #af4 ,tokyo1 ! capital1 #aj1 #ag4 ,tone-gawa1 l>ge/ riv]1 #ad4 ,topsyturvydom1 #gj4 ,treaties1 ,am]ican1 #de1 #ajg2 ,engli%1 #agj2 revision (1 #dh1 #agh4 ,typhoons1 #bb4 ,vacations ( mission>ies1 summ]1 #baf2 furl\ghs1 #bah1 #bbd2 argum5t aga9/1 #bai2 m$ical op9ions 9 favor (1 #bbj2 f an economic /&po9t1 #bba2 useful to native & home *ur*es alike1 #bbb4 ,veget>ians1 #hj4 ,v]beck1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,f41 #aga1 #age4 ,visitation1 advantages (1 #bci2 & ,japanese etiquette1 #bdj4 ,volcanoes1 #aa4 ,wife1 mission>y's1 heal? (1 #aif4 ,williams1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,m4 7,bi%op71 #agj1 #age4 ,"w1 me?ods (1 #bcd4 ,xavi]1 ,/4 ,francis1 fir/ mission>y to ,japan1 #adf4 ,yezo1 #i2 location & climate1 #aj1 ,yoritomo1 fir/ %ogun1 #db4 ,yokohama1 #aa4