,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible ,,edit$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,w4 ,,rob]tson ,,nicoll1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,editor ( ,! ,expositor ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les ,,by ,g4 ,t4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,,volume ,,ii ,,new ,,york ,a4 ,c4 ,,arm/rong ,,& ,,son #ea ,,ea/ ,,t5? ,,/reet #ahib ,,! ,,expositor',s ,,bible ,cr[n #hvo1 clo?1 price #a #ej;c4 ea* vol4 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies1 #ahhg-h4 ,colossians4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,m>k4 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,g5esis4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 #a ,samuel4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 #b ,samuel4 ,by ! same ,au?or4 ,hebrews4 ,by ,pr9cipal ,t4 ,c4 ,,edw>ds1 ,d4,d4 ,,second ,,s]ies1 #ahhh-i4 ,galatians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,pa/oral ,epi/les4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,isaiah ,i4--,,xxxix4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,book ( ,revelation4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,,milligan1 ,d4,d4 #a ,cor9?ians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,m>cus ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,rt4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,,alex&]1 ,d4,d4 ,,?ird ,,s]ies1 #ahhi-ij4 ,judges & ,ru?4 ,by ,rev4 ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,d4,d4 ,j]emiah4 ,by ,rev4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,ball1 ,m4,a4 ,isaiah ,,xl4--,,lxvi4 ,by ,g4 ,a4 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,/4 ,mat!w4 ,by ,rev4 ,j4 ,,monro ,,gibson1 ,d4,d4 ,exodus4 ,by ,v ,rev4 ! ,dean ( ,armagh4 ,/4 ,luke4 ,by ,rev4 ,h4 ,,burton1 ,b4,a4 ,,f\r? ,,s]ies1 #ahij-a4 ,ecclesia/es4 ,by ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,cox1 ,d4,d4 ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,jude4 ,by ,rev4 ,a4 ,,plumm]1 ,d4,d4 ,prov]bs4 ,by ,rev4 ,r4 ,f4 ,,horton1 ,m4,a4 ,leviticus4 ,by ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,,kellogg1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,fif? ,,s]ies1 #ahia-b4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,i4 #a & #b ,!ssalonians4 ,by ,,jas4 ,,d5ney1 ,b4,d4 ,! ,book ( ,job4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,watson1 ,d4,d4 ,ephesians4 ,by ,pr(4 ,g4 ,g4 ,,f9dlay1 ,b4,a4 ,! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by ,pr(4 ,m4 ,,dods1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,six? ,,s]ies1 #ahib-c4 ,philippians4 ,by ,pr9cipal ,,ra9y1 ,d4,d4 #a ,k+s4 ,by ,v54 ,ar*deacon ,,f>r>4 ,jo%ua4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,blaikie1 ,d4,d4 ,! ,psalms4 ,by ,a4 ,,macl>51 ,d4,d4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,daniel4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,full]1 ,m4,a4 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,e/h]4 ,by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,ad5ey1 ,m4,a4 ,,new ,,york3 ,a4 ,c4 ,,arm/rong ,,son1 #ea ,,ea/ ,,t5? ,,/reet4 ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,g4 ,t4 ,,/okes1 ,d4,d4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,ecclesia/ical ,,hi/ory ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,dubl9 ,,& ,,vic> ,,( ,,all ,,sa9ts'1 ,,blackrock ,,volume ,,ii ,,new ,,york ,a4 ,c4 ,,arm/rong ,,& ,,son #ea ,,ea/ ,,t5? ,,/reet #ahib ,,preface4 ,! foll[+ volume t]m9ates my survey & exposition ( ! ,acts ( ! ,holy ,apo/les4 ,i h fully expla9$ 9 ! body ( ?is "w ! reasons :i* l$ me to discuss ! latt] portion ( t book m briefly ?an its e>li] *apt]s4 ,i did ?is ( set purpose4 ,! latt] *apt]s ( ,acts are occupi$ to a great ext5t ) ! "w ( ,/4 ,paul dur+ a comp>atively brief p]iod1 :ile ! fir/ tw5ty *apt]s cov] a space ( well-nigh ?irty ye>s4 ,! riot 9 ,j]usalem & a few spee*es at ,cs>ea occupy ! l>g] portion ( ! lat] n>rative1 & deal v l>gely ) circum/ances 9 ,/4 ,paul's life1 8 conv]sion & mission to ! ,g5tiles1 ( :i* ! e>li] portion ( ?is volume treats at l>ge4 ,^u ^! topics ,i _h no?+ fre% to say1 & 0 !re=e necess>ily oblig$ to ref] my read]s to pages previ\sly writt54 ,i d n ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ,i h omitt$ any topic or passage suitable to ! purposes ( ! ,expositor's ,bible4 ,"s may desid]ate long] notices ( ,g]man !ories conc]n+ ! orig9 & "* ( ! ,acts4 ,b1 !n1 an expositor's ,bible is n int5d$ to deal at l5g? ) critical !ories4 ,critical comm5t>ies & works l ,dr4 ,salmon's ,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t take su* subjects into consid]ation & discuss !m fully1 omitt+ all m]e exposition4 ,my duty is exposition1 & ! supply or indication ( mat]ial suitable = expository purposes4 ,if ,i _h gone into ! endless !ories suppli$ by ,g]man +5uity to expla9 :at seems to u ! simple/ & pla9e/ matt]s ( fact dem&+ no explanation :atsoev]1 ,i am afraid !re w\ld h be5 little space left = exposition1 & my read]s w\ld h be5 excessively few4 ,^? :o are int]e/$ 9 su* discussions1 :i* are simply endless1 & w la/ z long z man's fancy & imag9ation cont9ue to fl\ri%1 w f9d ample satisfaction 9 ! eighte5? *apt] ( ,dr4 ,salmon's ,introduction4 ,p]haps ,i _h bett] notice "o po9t urg$ by him1 z an illu/ration ( ! critical me?ods ( ,engli% common s5se4 ,g]man critics h tri$ to make out t ! ,acts 7 writt5 9 ! second c5tury 9 ord] to e/abli% a p>allel betwe5 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul :5 m5 wi%$ to reconcile & unite 9 "o common body ! ,paul9e & ,petr9e p>ties4 ,?is is ! view set =? at l5g? by ,zell] 9 8 "w on ! ,acts1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bgh1 translat$ & publi%$ 9 ! s]ies pr9t$ "s ye>s ago "u ! auspices ( ! ,!ological ,translation ,fund4 ,dr4 ,salmon's reply seems to me conclusive1 z conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ passage1 l4c41 p4 #ccf3 ,:at ,i ?9k proves conclusively t ! mak+ a p>allel betwe5 ,pet] & ,paul 0 n an idea pres5t to ! au?or's m9d1 is ! abs5ce ( ! natural climax ( su* a p>allel--! /ory ( ! m>tyrdom ( bo? ! ,apo/les4 ,v e>ly tradition makes bo? ,pet] & ,paul close _! lives by m>tyrdom at ,rome--! place :]e ,rationali/ critics g5]ally believe ! ,acts to h be5 writt54 ,! /ories told 9 tol]ably anci5t times 9 t ,*ur* :i* v5]at$ ) equal hon\r ! memory ( ei!r apo/le1 repres5t$ bo? z jo9$ 9 h>moni\s resi/ance to ! impo/ures ( ,simon ,magus4 ,& ?\gh ,i believe ^! /ories to be m mod]n ?an ! late/ p]iod to :i* any "o has v5tur$ to assign ! ,acts1 yet :at an opportunity did t "p ( ! /ory :i* is c]ta9ly anci5t--t bo? ,apo/les came to ,rome & di$ !re = ! fai? 7,clem4 ,rom41 #e7--(f] to any "o desir\s ( blott+ out ! memory ( all diff]5ces betwe5 ! prea*+ ( ,pet] & ,paul1 & ( sett+ bo? on equal p$e/als ( hon\r6 ,j z ! names ( ,ridley & ,latim] h be5 unit$ 9 ! memory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & no c\nt has be5 tak5 ( _! previ\s doctr9al diff]5ces1 9 ! recollection ( _! fir/ te/imony = _! common fai?1 s h ! names ( ,pet] & ,paul be5 con/antly b\nd toge!r by ! fact t ! m>tyrdom ( bo? has be5 commemorat$ on ! same day4 ,& if ! object ( ! au?or ( ! ,acts _h be5 :at has be5 suppos$1 x is sc>cely cr$ible t he c\ld h miss$ s obvi\s an opportunity ( br++ 8 book to its mo/ wor?y conclusion1 by tell+ h[ ! two s]vants ( ,*ri/--all previ\s diff]5ces1 if !re _h be5 any1 reconcil$ & =gott5--jo9$ 9 witness+ a good confession be=e ! tyrant emp]or1 & enc\rag$ ea* o!r to /eadfa/ness 9 endurance to ! end4 ,b ?\gh ,i h n dealt 9 any =mal way ) ! critical !ories urg$ conc]n+ ! ,acts1 ,i h tak5 e opportunity ( po9t+ out ! evid5ce = its e>ly date & g5u9e "* furni%$ by t p>ticul> l9e ( hi/orical exposition & illu/ration :i* ,i h adopt$4 ,x w be at once se5 h[ mu* indebt$ ,i am 9 ?is dep>tm5t to ! rese>*es ( mod]n s*ol>s & travell]s1 especially to ^? ( ,pr(essor ,ramsay1 ^: long resid5ce & ext5d$ travels 9 ,asia ,m9or h giv5 him special advantages ov] all o!r critics4 ,i h made a dilig5t use ( all 8 writ+s1 s f> z !y _h appe>$ up to ! "t ( writ+1 & only regret t ,i 0 n able to use 8 pap] on ,/4 ,paul's second j\rney1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,expositor = ,octob]1 aft] ?is "w _h be5 compos$ & pr9t$4 ,t article seems to me ano!r admirable illu/ration ( ! critical me?ods us$ by our own home s*ol>s z contra/$ ) ^? curr5t abroad4 ,pr(essor ,ramsay does n set to "w to sp9 criticisms out ( 8 own imag9ation & elaborate !ories out ( 8 own inn] consci\sness ev5 z a spid] weaves its web2 b he takes ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 comp>es x ) ! facts ( ,asia ,m9or1 its sc5]y1 roads1 m\nta9s1 ru9s1 & !n po9ts out h[ exactly ! text answ]s to ! facts1 %[+ t ! au?or ( x wrote at ! "t alleg$ & mu/ h be5 an eyewitness ( ! ,apo/les' do+s4 ,:ile aga9 by a simil> comp>ison 9 ! case ( ! apocryphal acts ( ,/4 ,paul & ,!cla he demon/rates h[ easily a =g] fell into griev\s mi/akes4 ,i d n ?9k a bett] illu/ration c be f\nd ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 s\nd hi/orical criticism & criticism bas$ on m]e imag9ation ?an ?is article by ,pr(essor ,ramsay4 ,9 conclusion ,i ought to expla9 t ,i sy/ematically quote ! ,fa!rs :5ev] ,i c out ( ! translations publi%$ by ,messrs4 ,t4 ,t4 ,cl>k1 or 9 ! ,ox=d ,libr>y ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,x w\ld h be5 v easy = me to give ?is book a v le>n$ look by add+ ! ref]5ces 9 ,greek or ,lat91 b ,i d n ?9k ,i %\ld h ?us conduc$ mu* to its practical utility4 ,! ,fa!rs are n[ a collection ( works mu* spok5 (1 b v little read1 & ! ref]5ces 9 ! orig9al add$ to !ological works are mu* m ov]look$ ?an consult$4 ,x w\ld conduce mu* to a s\nd k ( primitive antiquity 7 ! works translat$ ( all ! ,*ri/ian writ]s :o fl\ri%$ d[n to ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,au?ors :o fill _! pages ) quotations 9 ,lat9 & ,greek :i* !y d n translate =get "o simple fact1 t t5 or tw5ty ye>s 9 a c\ntry p>i% imm]s$ 9 its endless details make ! ,lat9 & ,greek ( ev5 good s*ol>s some:at ru/y4 ,& if s1 :at mu/ be ! case ) ^? :o are n good s*ol>s1 or n s*ol>s at all1 :e!r bad or good8 ,i am (t5 surpris$ not+ h[ mu* m exact+ f _! read]s mod]n s*ol>s are 9 ?is direction ?an our =efa!rs ( two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,let any "o1 = in/ance1 take up ! works compos$ 9 ,engli% by ,hammond or ,?orndike discuss+ ! subject ( ,episcopacy1 & x w be f\nd t 9 e case :5 !y use a ,lat91 ,greek1 or ,hebrew quotation :ile !y give ! orig9al !y always add ! translation4 ,f9ally ,i h to ackn[l$ge1 :at e page w %[1 ! great assi/ance ,i h d]iv$ f ! ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul writt5 by ,ar*deacon ,f>r>1 ,mr4 ,lew91 & ,messrs4 ,conybe>e ,h[son1 & to express a hope t ?is volume toge!r ) ! previ\s "o w be f\nd helpful by "s z !y /rive to =m a bett] & tru] conception ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,*ur* ( ! liv+ ,god 0 f\nd$ & built up among/ m54 ,,george ,t4 ,,/okes4 ,,all ,,sa9ts' ,,vic>age1 ,,blackrock1 ,nov4 #d?1 #ahib4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,saul ,,! ,,rabbi4 ,,acts vii4 #eh2 xxii4 #c4 ,,page ,/4 ,paul's ,appe>ance on ! ,*ri/ian ,/age & its ,results--,! ,tb+5 ,!ory--,8 ,p>5tage--,bir?place-- ,te/imony ( ,/4 ,epiphanius--,e>ly ,fri5ds--,education-- ,trade--,gamaliel & 8 ,influ5ce--,evid5ce ( ,talmud-- ,ph>isaic ,s*ools--,_! ,casui/ry & ,exegesis--,p>allel betwe5 ,hag> & ,s>ah #a-ba ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,! ,,p]secutor4 ,,acts viii4 #c2 ix4 #a-f4 ,saul ( ,t>sus & ,/4 ,/eph5--,saul & ! ,sanh$r9-- ,conduct ( ,saul :5 ,unconv]t$--,cont9uity ( ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity--,saul & ,blasphemy ( ,*ri/--,s5se ( ,s9 compatible ) ,s5se ( ,=giv5ess--,hook] on ! ,litany--,j]emy ,taylor on ,humility--,saul's ,mission to ,damascus--,dome/ic ,tribunal p]mitt$ to ! ,jews by ! ,romans--,us$ aga9/ ! ,m5 ( ! ,way--,mean+ ( ?is expression--,influ5ce ( x--,saul's ,j\rney--,sc5e ( ,conv]sion--,"l ,lyttelton's ,obs]vations ^u ,/4 ,paul's ,conv]sion--,sup]natural ,accompanim5ts appropriate to--,apo/le's own ,n>rative--,reflections ( ! ,v5]able ,b$e #bb-dg ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,new ,,conv]t ,,& ,,8 ,,human ,,tea*]4 ,,acts ix4 #aj1 #aa4 ,saul & ! ,vision--,:i* probably produc$ ,oph?almia-- ,portrait ( ,/4 ,paul--,ananias ( ,damascus--,/raight ,/reet--,/4 ,*ryso/om on ! ,spiritual ,greatness ( ,ananias--,sev5te5?-c5tury ,travell]s 9 ,pale/9e-- ,conv]sation betwe5 ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,ananias--,its ,!ology--,mean+ ( ^w ,sa9t--,prote/ aga9/ ,ant9omianism--,/4 ,paul & title ,vas ,electionis--,& ,doctr9e ( ,election--,balance ( ,doctr9e--,! ,new ,conv]t & ,pray] #dh-fg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,saul ,,& ,,s9ai4 ,,acts ix4 #ai1 #bj4 ,visit ( ,ananias to ,h\se ( ,judas--,*ri/ ! ,true ,visitor--,keble's ,hymn = ,ea/] ,monday--,re/oration ( ,saul's ,sight--,8 ,baptism--,language ( ,ananias-- ,importance ( ?is fact--,saul's ,"w 9 ,damascus-- ,n>rative 9 ,acts & 9 ,galatians--,difficulties-- ,reconciliation--,saul 9 ,arabia--,anci5t ,explanations (--,discipl9e (--,value ( ,seasons ( ,retirem5t--,wa/e ( ,vital ,spiritual ,tissues 9 ,activity--,abuse ( ?is ,pr9ciple 9 ,mona/icism--,celtic ,mona/icism--,saul1 ! ,vas ,electionis1 tra9$ l ,jesus ,*ri/ #fh-ia ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,g5tile ,,conv]t4 ,,acts x4 #a-f4 ,! ,turn+-po9ts ( ,primitive ,*ur* ,hi/ory--,conv]sion ( ,saul & ( ,cornelius--,saul's e>lie/ ,m9i/ry at ,j]usalem--,8 ,escape to ,t>sus--,/4 ,pet] & ,*ur* 9 ,joppa--,tempor>y ,peace aft] ,saul's ,conv]sion-- ,caligula's attempt to erect 8 ,/atue 9 ,j]usalem--,/4 ,pet] & ,simon ! ,tann]--,"t ( ,conv]sion ( ,cornelius 0 ,provid5tial--,place1 ,cs>ea-by-!-,sea1 ,provid5tial--,cornelius1 a ,roman ,c5turion--,! ,legions & ,pale/9e--,mod]n ,au?orities confirm ! ,acts--,new ,te/am5t & ,fav\rable ,e/imate ( ,soldi]s--,ca?olic ,nature ( ,*ri/ianity--,value ( ,discipl9e--,lessons ,taught by ,example ( ,cornelius #ib-aad ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,petr9e ,,vision ,,at ,,joppa4 ,,acts x4 #i-ae4 ,/4 ,pet] l$ to ,joppa ,unconsci\sly--,8 ,p]iod ( ,repose--,joppa & ,missions to ! ,g5tile ,_w-- ,jonah--,pet] & ! ,h\r ( ,pray]--,value ( ,=ms-- ,canonical ,h\rs--,t]tullian's ,te/imony--,nature ( ,pet]'s ,vision--,condition$ by 8 ,natural ,/ate-- ,exactly suit$ to ,de/roy 8 ,prejudices--,john ,calv9's ,view--,/4 ,pet] at ,cs>ea--,8 ,s]mon--,n ,latitud9>ian1 z "s ,?9k--,b ,truly ,ca?olic--,pet] presupposes "s ,k ( ,gospel ,facts--,evid5ce ( ,resurrection--,necess>ily ,limit$--,unless ,c\rse ( ,human ,affairs 0 to be ,upset--,& ,god's ,usual ,laws set ,aside--,outp\r+ ( ,holy ,gho/ on ,g5tiles--,baptism ( ,cornelius #aae-ada ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,,( ,,! ,,g5tiles4 ,,acts xi4 #bf4 ,reception ( ,news ( ,g5tile ,conv]sion at ,j]usalem-- ,debate & ,/rife ) ,/4 ,pet]--,! ,e>ly ,*ur* ,knew ,no?+ ( ! ,privilegium ,petri--,fable ( ,pope ,m>cell9us--,orig9 ( ,antio*5e ,*ur*--,f\ndation ( ,antio*--,sc5]y & ,hi/ory--,orators & ,wat] ,supply--,arrival ( ,b>nabas & ( ,saul--,inv5tion ( ! ,"n ,*ri/ians--,rem>ks ( ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*-- ,! ,prophet ,agabus & ! ,outgo+s ( ,*>ity #adb-afc ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,defeat ,,( ,,pride4 ,,acts xii4 #a-c1 #bc1 #bd4 ,contact ( ,sacr$ & ,secul> ,hi/ory 9 ?is ,*apt]-- ,/ory ( ,h]od ,agrippa--,illu/ration ( ,pr9ciple ( ,h]$ity--,fir/ ,m>tyrdom among ,apo/les--,"* ( ,james1 ,son ( ,zeb$ee--,8 ,spiritual ,em95ce--,8 ,dea? a ,real ,answ] to ,pray]--,/4 ,pet]'s ,deliv]ance--,grant$ to a ,plead+ ,*ur*--,angelic ,int]f]5ce--,& ! ,proprieties ( ,*ri/ianity--,clem5t ( ,alex&ria & ! ,pdagogue--,h]od's ,o/5tation & ,mis]able ,dea?-- ,te/imony ( ,josephus #afd-ahg ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,ord9ation ,,& ,,fir/ ,,mission>y ,,t\r ,,acts xiii4 #b-d1 #ad2 xiv4 #a1 #bf4 ,?irte5? ,*apt] may be call$ ! ,wat]%$ ( ! ,acts--,calv9 & ,/4 ,paul's ,ord9ation--,title ,apo/le ,h5ce=? ,appli$ to ,him--,emb] ,seasons1 ,reason (-- ,fir/ ,=mal ,mission to ! ,g5tile ,_w--,outl9e ( ,apo/olic ,t\r--,saul & ,s]gius ,paulus--,discov]ies ( ,g5]al ,cesnola--,/4 ,paul's ,s]mon at ! ,pisidian ,antio*--,jewi% ,jeal\sy & ,opposition--,iconium--,ly/ra & ,greek ,leg5ds--,discov]y ( ,site ( ,ly/ra--,roman ,police 9 ,asia ,m9or--,dialects ( ,asia ,m9or--,museum ( ! ,evangelical ,s*ool at ,smyrna--,/4 ,paul & ,*ur* ,organisation #ahh-bah ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*ri/ian ,,c\ncil4 ,,acts xv4 #a1 #b1 #f1 #ai4 ,hi/ory ( ! great ,g5]al ,c\ncils--,orig9ates at t ( ,j]usalem--,date & ,subject-matt]--,! ,controv]sy ab\t ,circumcision--,social ,que/ions spr++ f x-- ,/4 ,paul's ,position--,8 ,app>5t ,inconsi/5cies-- ,lessons ( ,apo/olic ,c\ncil--,e>ly ,*ur* ,sc5e ( ,controv]sies--,no ,infallible ,guide--,composition ( ,c\ncil--,lay ,elem5t 9 ,*ur* ,synods--,hook] & ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&--,witness ( ,pray] ,book--,exp]i5ce ( ,iri% ,*ur*--,proce$+s ( ! ,c\ncil--,triumph ( ,g5tile ,fre$om #bai-bdd ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,apo/olic ,,qu>rels ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,t\r4 ,,acts xv4 #cf1 #ci2 xvi4 #f1 #h1 #i4 ,introduction ( ,*ri/ianity to ,greece--,/4 ,pet] & 8 ,ass]t$ ,roman ,episcopate ( ,tw5ty-five ,ye>s--,qu>rel betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,b>nabas--,betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet]--,patri/ic ,explanations--,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,j]ome--,/4 ,paul's ,opposition to ,nepotism--,b>nabas & ,m>k--,bless+s ( ,/]nness--,! ,wra? ( ,man praises ,god--,outl9e ( ,/4 ,paul's ,second ,t\r--,ramsay's ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or--,timo?y's ,ord9ation--,! ,gospel among ! ,celts--,j]emy ,taylor & ! ,via ,intellig5ti--,! ,vision at ,troas #bde-bgj ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,/4 ,,paul ,,9 ,,mac$onia4 ,,acts xvi4 #bi1 #ca2 xvii4 #a1 #b1 #aj4 ,anci5t ,roads & ,rome--,! ,gospel at ,philippi--,hi/ory ( t ,t[n--,con/itution ( ,roman ,colonies--,lydia & ,jewi% ,oratory--,francis de ,sales & ,small ,congregations--,politics & ,*ri/ianity--,! ,apo/le be=e ! ,duumviri--,! ,jail] & ! ,e>?quake-- ,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,?\ %alt be ,sav$--,! ,philippian ,*ur* & ,p]secution--,/4 ,paul at ,!ssalonica & ,b]a--,! ,polit>*s #bga-cjj ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,/4 ,,paul ,,9 ,,greece4 ,,acts xvii4 #af-ah2 xviii4 #a4 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,a?anasius1 a ,p>allel--,escape to ,a!ns d[n ! ,!rmaic ,gulf--,visit ( ,pausanias to t ,city--,ideal ,"* ( ,a!nian ,paganism-- ,areopagus & ,/4 ,paul--,! ,unkn[n ,god--,! ,greek ,poets--,jesus & ! ,resurrection--,! ,primitive ,a!nian ,*ur* & its ,!ology--,ari/ides & 8 ,apology--,dionysius ! ,areopagite & 8 reput$ ,philosophy--,orig9 ( ,cor9?ian ,*ur*--,! ,sa9tly ,t5tmak]s--,! ,fir/fruits ( ,a*aia--,gallio & ! ,jews--,philosophy & ,*ri/ #cja-ccj ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,ephesian ,,*ur* ,,& ,,its ,,f\ndation4 ,,acts xviii4 #ai-ba1 #bd-bf2 xix4 #a4 ,hi/ory ( ,ephesus--,c5*re & its ,*ur*--,aquila & 8 ,v[--,*ri/ianity & ,ext]nal ,actions--,judaism & ,*ri/ianity conf\nd$ by ,romans--,/4 ,paul's ,j\rney to ,ephesus & ,j]usalem--,visit to ,galatia-- ,ephesus & ,john's ,disciples--,sl[ ,progress ( ,gospel 9 ,apo/olic ,age--,apollos & ,mey]'s ,!ory ab\t ,baptism--,! ,baptismal ,=mula--,! ,s*ool ( ,tyrannus--,ephesian ,magic & its ,pr(essors--,/ory ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om--,! ,sons ( ,sceva #cca-cef ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,ephesian ,,riot ,,& ,a ,,prud5t ,,t[n ,,cl]k4 ,,acts xix4 #bc-bh4 ,duration ( ,/4 ,paul's ,m9i/ry at ,ephesus--,date ( #a/ ,cor9?ians--,diana ( ,ephesus & h] ,p]sian ,wor%ip--,weakness ( ,argum5t e sil5tio--,demetrius & ! ,craftsm5--,artemisian ,fe/ivals & ,*ri/ian ,suff]+s--,te/imony ( ,a*illes ,tatius--,m>tyrdom ( ,polyc>p--,celtic ,conv5tions--,mr4 ,wood's ,discov]ies at ,ephesus--,gaius ,vibius ,salut>ius--,extant ,specim5 ( ,ephesian ,silv]work--,spee* ( ,demetrius--,! ,asi>*s & ! ,record]--,apo/olic ,controv]sy & its ,me?ods #ceg-chd ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,/4 ,,paul ,,& ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,m9i/ry4 ,,acts xx4 #a1 #g1 #ag-ai1 #bh4 ,/4 ,paul's ,position 9 ,a4,d4 #eg--,p]sonal ,"* ( ,/4 ,luke's ,n>rative--,defects ( ,g]man ,criticism-- ,apo/le's ,second ,visit to ,mac$onia--,r\nd ab\t unto ,illyricum--,visitation ( ,cor9?--,passov] at ,philippi-- ,holy ,communion at ,troas--,! ,"l's ,day 9 ! ,primitive ,*ur*--,argum5t f ,sil5ce1 ,dang]s (--,ju/9 ,m>tyr on ,sunday--,eu*>i/ic ,am5--,ev5+ ,celebrations--,! ,agape--,fa/+ ,communion--,/4 ,paul's ,s]mon & ,euty*us-- ,miletus & ,*>ge to ,ephesian ,eld]s--,its ,apologetic ,tone--,/4 ,paul's view ( ,s]mons--,decay ( ,mod]n ,prea*+--,apo/olic ,p[] ( ,prevision--,! ,m9i/ry & ,p]sonal ,religion--,! ,holy ,gho/ & ,ord9ation-- ,orig9 ( ,episcopacy--,dr4 ,hat*'s ,!ories unhi/orical-- ,ir5u on ,bi%ops--,d]iv$ f ,apo/les--,communicatio ,idiomatum--,/4 ,paul's ,f>ewell #che-dba ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,a ,,prison] ,,9 ,,bonds4 ,,acts xxi4 #b1 #c1 #ag1 #cc1 #ci1 #dj2 xxii4 #bb1 #cj2 xxiv4 #a2 xxvi4 #a4 ,/4 ,paul's ,voyage f ,miletus to ,j]usalem--,*ri/ianity at ,tyre--,! ,se$ gr[+ sil5tly--,! ,*ur* at ,cs>ea & its ,tea*]s--,/4 ,paul's ,int]view ) ,/4 ,james--,! ,naz>ite ,v[--,/4 ,paul's ,arre/ & ,appe>ance be=e ! ,sanh$r9--,8 ,def5ce be=e ,felix--,felix & ,drusilla-- ,lessons ( ,/4 ,paul's ,vicissitudes--,agabus & ,prophesy+-- ,/4 ,james & ,compromise--,/4 ,paul & ! ,high ,prie/--,8 ,quickness & ,tact--,t]tullian on ,flight 9 ,p]secution-- ,quietism & ,quak]ism--,/4 ,paul & ! ,h]odian ,family-- ,argum5t ( 8 ,address be=e ,agrippa & ,b]nice--,8 ,appeal to ,cs> #dbb-ddi ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,9 ,,p]ils ,,on ,,! ,,sea4 ,,acts xxvii4 #a-c2 xxviii4 #af4 ,/4 ,paul z a ,travell] & a ,prison]--,l5g? ( 8 ,imprisonm5t--,bless$ ,results ( 8 ,captivity--,! ,prison] ( ! ,"l--,tea*+ ( ! ,sev5te5? ,sunday aft] ,tr9ity--,8 ,captivity ,b5efit$--7a7 ,8 ,p]sonal ,religion--7b7 ,! ,*ur* at ,cs>ea--7c7 ,! ,*ur* at ,rome--7d7 ,! ,univ]sal ,*ur*-- ,composition ( ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel--,te*nical ,use ( ^w ,gospel--,te/imony ( ,ari/ides & ,ir5u--,epi/les ( ! ,captivity--,/ory ( ! ,voyage to ,rome--,roman ,prov9cial ,organisation--,writ+s ( ,mr4 ,james ,smi? ( ,jordanhills--,*ur* at ,sidon--,! ,/orm--,malta & ,puteoli--,*ri/ianity at ,pompeii--,*ri/ian ,inscription !re ,discov]$--,/4 ,paul's ,approa* to ,rome--,int5se ,humanity ( ! ,apo/le--,int]view ) ! local ,jewi% ,sanh$r9--,*ri/ianity at ,rome-- ,inve/igations ( ,h>nack & ,s*r] #dej-dga ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,saul ,,! ,,rabbi4 ,a "y man nam$ ,saul4--,,acts vii4 #eh4 ,i am a ,jew1 born 9 ,t>sus ( ,cilicia1 b br\ght up 9 ?is city1 at ! feet ( ,gamaliel1 in/ruct$ accord+ to ! /rict mann] ( ! law ( our fa!rs1 be+ zeal\s = ,god1 ev5 z ye all are ?is day4--,,acts xxii4 #c4 ,! appe>ance ( ,/4 ,paul ^u ! /age ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory m>ks a p]iod ( new developm5t & ( m enl>g$ activity4 ,! mo/ casual read] ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les mu/ see t a p]sonality ( va/ p[]1 =ce1 individuality1 has n[ ent]$ ! b\nds ( ! ,*ur*1 & t h5ce=? ,/4 ,paul1 8 tea*+1 me?ods1 & actions1 w ?r[ all o!rs into ! %ade4 ,mod]n ,g]man critics h seiz$ ^u ?is und\bt$ fact & made x ! f\ndation on :i* !y h built elaborate !ories conc]n+ ,/4 ,paul & ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,"s ( !m h made ,/4 ,paul ! inv5tor ( a new =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 m elaborate1 artificial1 & dogmatic ?an ! simple religion ( nature :i*1 z !y ?9k1 ,jesus ,*ri/ taught4 ,o!rs h se5 9 ,/4 ,paul ! great rival & antagoni/ ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & h se5 9 ! ,acts a delib]ate attempt to reconcile ! oppos+ factions ( ,pet] & ,paul by repres5t+ ,/4 ,paul's c>e] z modell$ ^u t ( ,pet]'s4#a ,^! !ories are1 we believe1 utt]ly gr\ndless2 b !y %[ at ! same "t :at an important ev5t 9 e>ly ,*ur* hi/ory ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion 01 & h[ necess>y a ?or\gh compreh5sion ( 8 life & tra9+ if we wi% to und]/& ! g5esis ( our holy religion4 #a ,see ?is portion ( ,baur's !ory refut$ 9 ,dr4 ,salmon's ,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 *4 xviii41 p4 #cce1 #d? ed41 :]e ! writ] admits a c]ta9 p>allelism betwe5 ! hi/ory ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 9 ! ,acts1 b d5ies t x 0 an inv5t$ p>allelism4 ,he rem>ks on ! next page1 ,:at ,i ?9k proves decisively t ! mak+ a p>allel betwe5 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul 0 n an idea pres5t to ! au?or's m9d is ! abs5ce ( ! natural climax ( su* a p>allel--! /ory ( ! m>tyrdom ( bo? ! ,apo/les4444 ,if ! object ( ! au?or ( ! ,acts _h be5 :at has be5 suppos$1 x is sc>cely cr$ible t he c\ld h miss$ s obvi\s an opportunity ( br++ 8 book to its mo/ wor?y conclusion1 by tell+ h[ ! two s]vants ( ,*ri/--all previ\s diff]5ces1 if !re _h be5 any1 reconcil$ & =gott5--jo9$ 9 witness+ a good confession be=e ! tyrant emp]or1 & enc\rag$ ea* o!r 9 /eadfa/ness 9 endurance to ! end4 ,:o & :5ce1 !n1 0 ?is en?usia/ic man :o is fir/ introduc$ to our notice 9 connexion ) ,/4 ,/eph5's m>tyrdom8 ,:at c we glean f ,scripture & f secul> hi/ory conc]n+ 8 e>li] c>e]8 ,i am n go+ to attempt to d :at ,conybe>e & ,h[son ?irty ye>s ago1 or ,ar*deacon ,f>r> 9 lat] times1 h execut$ ) a weal? ( le>n+ & a pr(us5ess ( imag9ation :i* ,i c\ld n pret5d to possess4 ,ev5 did ,i possess !m x w\ld be impossible1 = want ( space1 to write su* a biography ( ,/4 ,paul z ^! au?ors h giv5 to ! public4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 /rive to ga!r up su* details ( ,/4 ,paul's e>ly life & tra9+ z ! ,new ,te/am5t1 illu/rat$ by hi/ory1 sets be=e u4 ,p]haps we %all f9d t m is told u ?an /rikes ! ord9>y sup]ficial read]4 ,8 p>5tage is kn[n to u f ,/4 ,paul's own /atem5t4 ,8 fa!r & "m 7 ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion1 z ! ,jews scatt]$ abroad among/ ! ,g5tiles 7 usually call$2 !y 7 resid5ts at ,t>sus 9 ,cilicia1 & by pr(ession belong$ to ! ,ph>isees :o !n =m$ ! m spiritual & e>ne/ religi\s section ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,we le>n ?is f ?ree passages4 ,9 8 def5ce be=e ! ,c\ncil1 record$ 9 ,acts xxiii4 #f1 he tells u t he 0 a ,ph>isee1 a son ( ,ph>isees4 ,!re 0 no division 9 religi\s feel+ betwe5 ! p>5ts4 ,8 home life & 8 e>lie/ ye>s knew no?+ ( religi\s j>s & /rife4 ,husb& & wife 7 jo9$ n only 9 ! ext]nal bonds ( m>riage1 b 9 ! pr(\nd] union /ill ( spiritual s5tim5t & hope1 a memory :i* may h inspir$ a deep] mean+ begott5 ( p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 ! w>n+ deliv]$ to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,be n unequally yok$ ) unbeliev]s4 ,( ! hi/ory ( 8 p>5ts & ance/ors we "k practically no?+ m = c]ta91 b we c glean a little f o!r notices4 ,/4 ,paul tells u t he belong$ to a special division among ! ,jews1 ( :i* we h spok5 a good deal 9 ! =m] volume :5 deal+ ) ,/4 ,/eph54 ,! ,jews at ?is p]iod 7 divid$ into ,hebrews & ,hell5i/s3 t is1 ,hebrews :o by pref]5ce & 9 _! ord9>y practice spoke ! ,hebrew tongue1 & ,hell5i/s :o spoke ,greek & adopt$ ,greek civilisation & cu/oms4 ,/4 ,paul tells u 9 ,philippians iii4 #e t he 0 ( ! /ock ( ,israel1 ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam91 a ,hebrew ( ,hebrews1 a /atem5t :i* he sub/antially repeats 9 #b ,cor9?ians xi4 #bb4 ,n[ x 0 almo/ an impossibility = a ,jew ( ! ,disp]sion to belong to ! ,hebrews4 ,8 lot 0 ca/ 9 a =eign l&1 8 bus9ess mix$ him up ) ! surr\nd+ pagans1 s t ! use ( ! ,greek language 0 an absolute necessity2 :ile ! univ]sal practice ( 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 9 con=m+ !mselves to ,greek cu/oms1 ,greek philosophy1 & ,greek civilisation r5d]$ ! position ( "o :o w\ld /& out = ! old ,jewi% national ideas & habits a v try+ & a v peculi> "o4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 comes 9 an anci5t tradition1 record$ by ,/4 ,j]ome1 :i* ?r[s "s light ^u ! difficulty4 ,scripture tells u t ,/4 ,paul 0 born at ,t>sus4 ,our ,"l1 9 ,8 conv]sation ) ,ananias 9 ,acts ix4 #aa1 calls him ,saul ( ,t>sus1 :ile aga9 ! ,apo/le himself 9 ! tw5ty-second *apt] describes himself z a ,jew born 9 ,t>sus4 ,b !n ! "q arises1 h[ came 8 p>5ts to ,t>sus1 & h[1 be+ 9 ,t>sus1 c\ld !y be describ$ z ,hebrews :ile all ar\nd & ab\t !m _! c\ntrym5 7 univ]sally ,hell5i/s8 ,/4 ,j]ome "h /eps 9 to help u4 ,he relates1 9 8 ,catalogue ( ,illu/ri\s ,writ]s1 t ,paul ! ,apo/le1 previ\sly call$ ,saul1 be+ outside ! numb] ( ! ,twelve1 0 ( ! tribe ( ,b5jam9 & ( ! city ( ! ,jewi% ,gis*ala2 on ! capture ( :i* by ! ,romans he migrat$ ) !m to ,t>sus4 ,n[ ?is /atem5t ( ,j]ome1 writt5 f\r hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ev5t1 is cle>ly inaccurate 9 _m respects1 & pla9ly contradicts ! ,apo/le's own words t he 0 born 9 ,t>sus4 ,b yet ! /ory probably embodies a tradition sub/antially true1 t ,/4 ,paul's p>5ts 7 orig9ally f ,galilee4 ,galilee 0 int5sely ,hebrew4 ,x 0 prov9cial1 & ! prov9ces are always f> less affect$ by advance 9 ?\ght or 9 religion ?an ! t[ns1 :i* are ! *os5 homes ( innovation & ( progress4 ,hell5ism might fl\ri% 9 ,j]usalem1 b 9 ,galilee x w\ld n be tol]at$2 & ! t\gh1 /urdy ,galileans alone w\ld h moral & religi\s grit en\gh to ma9ta9 ! old ,hebrew cu/oms & language1 ev5 amid ! ab\nd+ inducem5ts to an opposite c\rse :i* a great comm]cial c5tre l ,t>sus held out4 ,assur$ly our own exp]i5ce af=ds _m p>allels illu/rat+ ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,/4 ,paul's family4 ,! ,evangelical revival1 ! developm5t ( ,ritual 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 made _! m>k fir/ ( all 9 ! t[ns1 & did n affect ! di/ant c\ntry di/ricts till long aft]4 ,! ,presbyt]ianism ( ! ,highl&s is almo/ a diff]5t religion f ! m enlight5$ & m cultur$ wor%ip ( ,ed9burgh & ,glasg[4 ,! ,l[ ,*ur* & ,orange developm5ts ( ,ul/] br+ u back to ! times ( ! la/ c5tury1 & seem pass+ /range to ! citiz5s ( ,london1 ,man*e/]1 or ,dubl91 :o fir/ make _! acqua9tance 9 di/ricts :]e obsolete ideas & cries /ill reta9 a p[] q =gott5 9 ! va/ tide ( life & ?\ght :i* sways ! great cities4 ,& yet ^! rural backwat]s1 z we may call !m1 reta9 _! influ5ce1 & %[ /rong evid5ce ( life ev5 9 ! great cities2 & s x is t ev5 9 ,london & ,ed9burgh & ,glasg[ & ,dubl9 congregations cont9ue to exi/ 9 _! remot] di/ricts & back /reets :]e ! prejudices & ideas ( ! c\ntry f9d full sway & ex]cise4 ,! ,presbyt]ianism ( ! ,highl&s & ! ,orangeism ( ,ul/] w be s\ght 9 va9 9 fa%ionable *ur*es1 b 9 small] assemblies !y w be f\nd ex]cis+ a sway & develop+ a life :i* w (t5 a/oni% a sup]ficial obs]v]4 ,s x 0 d\btless 9 ,t>sus4 ,! ,hebrews ( ,galilee w\ld delight to sep>ate !mselves4 ,!y w\ld look d[n ^u ! ,hell5ism ( _! fell[-c\ntrym5 z a sad fall+ away f anci5t or?odoxy1 b _! decl5sion w\ld only add a ke5] ze/ to ! zeal ) :i* ! desc5dants ( ! ,hebrews ( ,gis*ala1 ev5 9 ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ations1 z x may h be51 w\ld reta9 ! anci5t cu/oms & language ( _! ,galilean =efa!rs4#b #b ,! tradition m5tion$ by ,/4 ,j]ome is n ! only "o :i* deals ) ! e>ly life ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,ano!r v le>n$ writ] ( ! same1 or p]haps we %\ld r say ( a /ill e>li]1 p]iod 0 ,/4 ,epiphanius1 ! hi/orian ( ,h]esies & bi%op ( ,con/antia1 or ,salamis1 9 ,cyprus4 ,he wrote a great "w describ+ ! v>i\s h]esies :i* _h sprung up 9 ! ,*ur*1 conta9+ mu* valuable in=mation :i* 8 rese>* & e>ly date enabl$ him to incorporate 9 8 pages4 ,he describes1 among/ o!rs1 ! ,ebionites1 tell+ u ( _! ho/ility to ,/4 ,paul & ( ! *>ges !y br\ght aga9/ him4 ,! ,ebionites d5i$ t he 0 a ,jew at all4 ,! words ( ,epiphanius are ,!y say t he 0 a ,greek1 & sprung f ! ,g5tiles1 & !n aft]w>ds became a proselyte1 9 opposition to :i* he quotes ! ,apo/le's own words 9 ,phil4 iii4 #e & 9 #b ,cor4 xi4 #bb4 ,epiphanius !n proce$s to expla9 h[ ,/4 ,paul might h be5 born 9 ,t>sus & yet h be5 a ,jew by nation1 because t1 "u ,antio*us ,epiphanes & at o!r times1 va/ numb]s ( ! ,jews _h be5 disp]s$ z captives among ! ,g5tiles4 ,see ,epiphanius1 9 ,corpus ,hreseologicum1 ,ed4 ,oehl]1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bhc4 ,b]l91 #ahei4 ,?is is a good in/ance h[ ! ,jewi% ho/ility1 :i* pursu$ ,/4 ,paul ?r\gh life1 _h n q di$ out ?ree c5turies lat]4 ,epiphanius 0 born ab\t ,a4,d4 #caj4 ,he wrote 8 "w on ,e>ly ,h]esies ab\t ,a4,d4 #cge1 call+ x ,pan>ion1 or1 z he himself expla9s 9 8 introductory epi/le1 ! ,m$ic9e ,*e/1 full ( rem$ies aga9/ ! bite ( ! ,old ,s]p5t4 ,epiphanius mu/ h _h a great /ore ( e>ly lit]ature at 8 comm& :i* has n[ completely p]i%$4 ,see a long & critical acc\nt ( him & 8 writ+s1 writt5 by ,dr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,lipsius1 9 ! ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 vol4 ii4 ,/4 ,paul & 8 p>5ts might seem to an outsid] m]e ,hell5i/s1 b _! ,galilean orig9 & tra9+ enabl$ !m to reta9 ! int5s] ,judaism :i* qualifi$ ! ,apo/le to describe himself z n only ( ! /ock ( ,israel1 b z a ,hebrew ( ! ,hebrews4 ,/4 ,paul's m imm$iate family connexions h also "s light ?r[n ^u !m 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we le>n1 = in/ance1 f ,acts xxiii4 #af1 t he _h a m>ri$ si/]1 :o probably liv$ at ,j]usalem1 & may h be5 ev5 a conv]t to ,*ri/ianity2 = we are told t h] son1 hav+ he>d ( ! ,jewi% plot to murd] ! ,apo/le1 at once report$ x to ,/4 ,paul himself1 :o !reupon put 8 nephew into communication ) ! *ief capta9 9 ^: cu/ody he lay4 ,:ile aga91 9 ,romans xvi4 #g1 #aa1 he s5ds salutations to ,&ronicus1 ,junias1 & ,h]odion1 8 k9sm51 :o 7 resid5ts 9 ,rome2 & 9 v]se #ba ( ! same *apt] jo9s ,lucius & ,jason & ,sosipat]1 8 k9sm51 ) himself 9 ! ,*ri/ian wi%es = ! welf>e ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ) :i* he closes ! ,epi/le4 ,x is said1 inde$1 t ?is may mean simply t ^! m5 7 ,jews1 & t ,/4 ,paul reg>d$ all ,jews z 8 k9sm54 ,b ?is notion is exclud$ by ! =m ( ! tw5ty-fir/ v]se1 :]e he fir/ s5ds greet+s f ,timo?y1 :om ,/4 ,paul de>ly lov$1 & :o 0 a circumcis$ ,jew1 n a proselyte m]ely1 b a true ,jew1 on 8 "m's side1 at lea/2 & !n ! ,apo/le proce$s to "n ! p]sons :om he designates 8 k9sm54 ,/4 ,paul evid5tly belong$ to a family ( "s position 9 ! ,jewi% _w1 ^: ramifications 7 disp]s$ into v di/ant qu>t]s ( ! empire4 ,e scrap ( in=mation :i* we c ga9 conc]n+ ! e>ly life & associations ( su* a man is v preci\s2 we may !re=e po9t out t we c ev5 get a glimpse ( ! fri5ds & acqua9tances ( 8 e>lie/ days4 ,b>nabas ! ,levite 0 ( ,cyprus1 an isl& only sev5ty miles di/ant f ,t>sus4 ,9 all probability ,b>nabas may h resort$ to ! ,jewi% s*ools ( ,t>sus1 or may h _h "s o!r connexions ) ! ,jewi% colony ( t city4 ,"s su* e>ly fri5d%ip may h be5 ! l9k :i* b\nd ,paul to ,b>nabas & enabl$ ! latt] to /& sponsor = ! newly conv]t$ ,saul :5 ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* 0 yet naturally suspici\s ( him4 ,& :5 he 0 come to ,j]usalem1 he assay$ to jo9 himself to ! disciples3 & !y 7 all afraid ( him1 n believ+ t he 0 a disciple4 ,b ,b>nabas took him1 & br\ght him to ! apo/les 7,acts ix4 #bf1 #bg74 ,?is anci5t fri5d%ip enabl$ ,b>nabas to pursue ! ,apo/le ) ^? (fices ( consolation :i* 8 nasc5t fai? dem&$4 ,he knew ,saul's boyhood haunts1 & !re=e x is we read 9 ,acts xi4 #be t ,b>nabas w5t =? to ,t>sus to seek = ,saul :5 a multitude ( ! ,g5tiles began to p\r into ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*4 ,b>nabas knew 8 old fri5d's vigor\s1 en?usia/ic "*1 8 g5ius1 8 p[] ( adaptation1 & !re=e he br\ght him back to ,antio*1 :]e = a :ole ye> !y 7 jo9$ 9 "o holy bro!rhood ( dev\t & successful lab\r = _! ,ma/]4 ,! fri5d%ips & love ( boyhood & ( y\? receiv$ a new consecration & 7 impress$ ) a l(ti] ideal f ! example ( ,saul & ( ,b>nabas4 ,!n aga9 !re are o!r fri5ds ( 8 y\? to :om he ref]s4 ,timo?y's family liv$ at ,ly/ra1 & ,ly/ra 0 directly connect$ ) ,t>sus by a great road :i* ran /raight f ,t>sus to ,ephesus1 (f]+ means = t frequ5t communication 9 :i* ! ,jews ev] delight$4 ,/4 ,paul's e>lie/ memories c>ri$ him back to ! dev\t atmosph]e ( ! pi\s ,jewi% family at ,ly/ra1 :i* he _h long kn[n1 :]e ,lois ! gr&mo!r & ,eunice ! "m _h laid ! f\ndations ( t spiritual life :i* "u ,/4 ,paul's own lat] tea*+ fl\ri%$ s wondr\sly 9 ! life ( ,timo?y4#c ,let u pass on1 h[ev]1 to a p]iod ( lat] developm5t4 ,/4 ,paul's e>lie/ tea*+ at fir/ 0 d\btless t ( ! home4 ,z ) ,timo?y s ) ! ,apo/le2 8 e>lie/ religi\s tea*] 0 d\btless 8 "m1 :o f 8 infancy imbu$ him ) ! great rudim5t>y tru?s :i* lie at ! basis ( bo? ! ,jewi% & ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,8 fa!r too took 8 %>e4 ,he 0 a ,ph>isee1 & w\ld be anxi\s to fulfil e jot & tittle ( ! law & e m9ute rule :i* ! ,jewi% doctors _h d$uc$ by an att5tion & a subtlety conc5trat$ = ages ^u ! text ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,& "o great doctor _h laid d[n1 ,:5 a boy beg9s to speak1 8 fa!r ought to talk ) him 9 ! sacr$ language1 & to tea* him ! law2 a rule :i* w\ld exactly fall 9 ) 8 fa!r's natural incl9ation4#d ,he 0 a ,hebrew ( ! ,hebrews1 ?\gh dwell+ among ,hell5i/s4 ,he prid$ himself on speak+ ! ,hebrew language alone1 & he !re=e w\ld take ! greate/ pa9s t ! future ,apo/le's e>lie/ tea*+s %\ld be 9 t same sacr$ tongue1 giv+ him f boyhood t comm& ov] ,hebrew & its dialects :i* he aft]w>ds turn$ to ! be/ ( uses4 #c ,see #b ,tim4 i4 #e1 & iii4 #ad1 #ae4 ,x is evid5t t ,/4 ,paul's language implies an acqua9tance ) ,timo?y's family ( v long /&+4 #d ,s*ttg5's ,hor4 ,hebr41 vol4 i41 p4 #hi2 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #g4 ,at five ye>s old ,jewi% *ildr5 ( p>5ts l ,/4 ,paul's advanc$ to ! direct /udy ( ! law "u ! guidance ( "s doctor1 ^: s*ool !y daily att5d$1 z ano!r rabbi _h expressly enact$1 ,at five ye>s old a boy %\ld apply himself to ! /udy ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,betwe5 five & ?irte5 ,saul 0 c]ta9ly educat$ at ,t>sus1 dur+ :i* p]iod 8 :ole att5tion 0 conc5trat$ ^u sacr$ le>n+ & ^u me*anical or indu/rial tra9+4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod ( 8 life t ,/4 ,paul mu/ h le>n$ ! trade ( t5tmak+1 :i* dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s ( 8 life /ood him 9 su* good /ead1 r5d]+ him indep5d5t ( all ext]nal aid s f> z 8 bodily wants 7 conc]n$4 ,a "q has (t5 be5 rais$ z to ! social position ( ,/4 ,paul's family2 & p1 br++ _! ,we/]n ideas ) !m1 h ?\ght t ! manual trade :i* he 0 taught betok5$ _! humble rank4 ,b ?is is q a mi/ake4 ,/4 ,paul's family mu/ h occupi$ at lea/ a fairly com=table position1 :5 !y 7 able to s5d a memb] ( _! h\se to ,j]usalem to be taught 9 ! mo/ celebrat$ rabb9ical s*ool ( ! "t4 ,b x 0 ! law ( t s*ool--& a v useful law x 0 too--t e ,jew1 & especially e tea*]1 %\ld possess a trade by :i* he might be support$ did necessity call = x4 ,x 0 a common prov]b among ! ,jews at t "t t ,he :o taught n 8 son a trade taught him to be a ?ief4 ,x is incumb5t on ! fa!r to circumcise 8 son1 to r$eem him1 to tea* him ! law1 & to tea* him "s occupation1 =1 z ,rabbi ,judah sai?1 :osoev] tea*e? n 8 son to d "s "w is z if he taught him robb]y4 ,rabb9 ,gamaliel sai?1 ,he t ha? a trade 9 8 h&1 to :at is he l8 ,he is l to a v9ey>d t is f5c$4 ,su* 0 ! au?oritative tea*+ ( ! s*ools1 & ,jewi% practice 0 9 accordance !re)4 ,"s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ rabbis ( t "t 7 ma/]s ( a me*anical art or trade4 ,! ,vice-presid5t ( ! ,sanh$r9 0 a m]*ant = f\r ye>s1 & !n devot$ himself to ! /udy ( ! law4 ,"o rabbi 0 a %oemak]2 ,rabbi ,juda1 ! great ,cabbali/1 0 a tailor2 ,rabbi ,jose 0 br\ght up z a tann]2 ano!r rabbi z a bak]1 & yet ano!r z a c>p5t]4#e ,& s z a prep>ation = ! (fice & life "w to :i* 8 fa!r _h de/9$ him1 ,/4 ,paul dur+ 8 e>li] ye>s 0 taught "o ( ! common trades ( ,t>sus1 :i* consi/$ 9 mak+ t5ts ei!r out ( ! hair or ! sk9 ( ! ,angora goats :i* br[s$ ov] ! hills ( c5tral ,asia ,m9or4 ,x 0 a trade t 0 common among ,jews4 ,aquila & 8 wife ,priscilla 7 t5tmak]s1 & !re=e ,/4 ,paul unit$ himself to !m & wr\ght at 8 trade 9 _! company at ,cor9? 7,acts xviii4 #c74 ,x has (t5 be5 ass]t$ t at ?is p]iod ( 8 life ,/4 ,paul mu/ h /udi$ ,greek philosophy & lit]ature1 & m5 h po9t$ to 8 quotations f ! ,greek poets ,aratus1 ,epim5ides1 & ,m5&] to prove ! att5tion :i* ! ,apo/le mu/ h be/[$ ^u !m4#f ,t>sus 0 c]ta9ly "o ( ! great univ]sities ( t age1 rank+ 9 ! fir/ place along ) ,a!ns & ,alex&ria4 ,s great 0 its fame t ! ,roman emp]ors ev5 7 wont to g to ,t>sus to look = tutors to in/ruct _! sons4 ,b ,t>sus 0 at ! v same "t "o ( ! mo/ morally degrad$ spots )9 ! b\nds ( ! ,roman _w1 & x is n at all likely t a /rict ,hebrew1 a /]n ,ph>isee1 w\ld h all[$ 8 son to enc\nt] ! moral ta9t involv$ 9 freely mix+ ) su* a degrad$ p & 9 ! free /udy ( a lit]ature p]meat$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) s5suality & idolatry4 ,/4 ,paul d\btless at ?is e>ly p]iod ( 8 life ga9$ t colloquial k ( ,greek :i* 0 e day becom+ m & m necess>y = ! ord9>y purposes ( secul> life all ov] ! ,roman ,empire1 ev5 9 ! mo/ backw>d p>ts ( ,pale/9e4#g ,b x is n likely t 8 p>5ts w\ld h sanction$ 8 att5dance at ! lectures on philosophy & poetry deliv]$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,t>sus1 :]e he w\ld h be5 initiat$ into all ! abom9ations ( paganism 9 a /yle mo/ attractive to human nature4 #e ,josephus1 ,antiqq41 ,,xviii41 ix41 #a1 says ( c]ta9 ,jews ( ,babylon1 ,n[ !re 7 two m51 ,as9eus & ,anileus1 bre?r5 to "o ano!r4 ,!y 7 de/itute ( a fa!r1 & _! "m put !m to le>n ! art ( weav+ curta9s1 x n be+ e/eem$ a disgrace among !m = m5 to be weav]s ( clo?4 ,!n we f9d 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,simon ( ,joppa 0 a tann]1 ,aquila a t5tmak]1 ! apo/les fi%]m51 & our ,"l a c>p5t]4 ,see a long note on ?is subject by ,mr4 ,lew9 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #h4 ,massutius1 a ,jesuit comm5tator on ,/4 ,paul's life1 lib4 i41 cap4 iii41 notices t ,*>lemagne1 accord+ to 8 biograph] ,eg9h>d1 w\ld h 8 sons & daught]s taught "s me*anical trade4 #f ,see ,acts xvii4 #bh2 ,titus i4 #ab2 #a ,cor4 xv4 #cc4 #g ,see an article on ,greek ! ,language ( ,galilee 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,abbott1 ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,dubl91 9 8 ,essays *iefly on ! ,orig9al ,texts ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,london1 #ahia4 ,at ?irte5 ye>s ( age1 or !reab\ts1 "y ,saul1 hav+ n[ le>n$ all ! sacr$ k :i* ! local rabbis c\ld tea*1 w5t up to ,j]usalem j z our ,"l did1 to assume ! full obligations ( a ,jew & to pursue 8 high] /udies at ! great ,rabb9ical ,univ]sity ( ,j]usalem4 ,to put x 9 mod]n language1 ,saul w5t up to ,j]usalem to be confirm$ & admitt$ to ! full privileges & complete obligations ( ! ,levitical ,law1 & he also w5t up to ent] college4 ,/4 ,paul himself describes ! p]iod ( life on :i* he n[ ent]$ z t 9 :i* he 0 br\ght up at ! feet ( ,gamaliel4 ,we h already t\*$ 9 a prior volume ^u ! subject ( ,gamaliel's hi/ory & 8 relation to ,*ri/ianity1 b "h x is necess>y to say some?+ ( him z a tea*]1 9 :i* capacity he laid ! f\ndations ( modes ( ?\ght & reason+1 ! influ5ce ( :i* m\ld$ ,/4 ,paul's :ole s\l & c be trac$ all ?r\gh ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les4 ,gamaliel is an und\bt$ly hi/orical p]sonage4 ,! introduction ( him 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les is simply ano!r in/ance ( t m>vell\s hi/orical accuracy :i* e fre% inve/igation & discov]y %[ to be a di/+ui%+ feature ( ?is book4 ,! ,jewi% ,talmud 0 n committ$ to writ+ = m ?an f\r c5turies aft] ,gamaliel's "t1#h & yet x pres5ts ,gamaliel to u 9 exactly ! same light z ! inspir$ record does1 tell+ u t ) ! dea? ( ,gamaliel ,i4 ! rev]5ce = ! ,div9e law ceas$1 & ! obs]vance ( purity & ab/95ce dep>t$4 ,gamaliel came ( a family di/+ui%$ 9 ,jewi% hi/ory bo? be=e & aft] 8 own "t4 ,he 0 ( ! royal ,h\se ( ,david1 & possess$ 9 ?is way great hi/orical claims ^u ! respect ( ! nation4 ,8 gr&fa!r ,hillel & 8 fa!r ,simeon 7 celebrat$ tea*]s & exp\nd]s ( ! law4 ,8 gr&fa!r _h f\nd$ inde$ "o ( ! lead+ s*ools ( int]pretation !n fav\r$ by ! rabbis4 ,8 fa!r ,simeon is said by "s to h be5 ! ag$ man :o took up ! infant ,*ri/ 9 8 arms & bless$ ,god = ,8 reveal$ salvation 9 ! words ( ! ,nunc ,dimittis2 :ile1 z = ,gamaliel himself1 8 tea*+ 0 m>k$ by wisdom1 prud5ce1 lib]ality1 & spiritual dep? s f> z su* qualities c\ld exi/ 9 a pr(essor ( rabb9ical le>n+4 ,gamaliel 0 a fri5d & contempor>y ( ,philo1 & ?is fact alone mu/ h import$ an elem5t ( lib]ality into 8 tea*+4 ,philo 0 a widely read s*ol> :o /rove to unite ! philosophy ( ,greece to ! religion ( ,pale/9e1 & ,philo's ideas mu/ h p]meat$ m or less into "s at lea/ ( ! s*ools ( ,j]usalem1 s t1 ?\gh ,/4 ,paul may n h come 9 contact ) ,greek lit]ature 9 ,t>sus1 he may v probably h le>n$ mu* ab\t x 9 a ,judais$1 purifi$1 spiritualis$ %ape 9 ,j]usalem4 ,b ! influ5ce ex]cis$ on ,/4 ,paul by ,gamaliel & ?r\gh him by ,philo1 or m5 ( 8 s*ool1 c be trac$ 9 o!r respects4#i #h ,basnage1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,jews1 translat$ by ,?omas ,taylor1 ,book ,,iii41 *4 vi41 p4 #afh 7,london1 #agjh71 /ates1 ,x is agre$ by ! g5]ality ( ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian doctors t ! ,talmud 0 complet$ 9 ! #eje? ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian ra4 ,cf4 ,s]>ius1 ,de ,rabb9is1 ,lib4 ,i41 c4 ix41 p4 #bea2 ,b>tolocci1 ,bibl4 ,rabb941 t4 i41 p4 #dhh1 t4 iii41 p4 #cei2 ,mor9us1 ,ex]c4 ,bibl41 ,lib4 ,,ii41 ex4 #f1 c4 ii4 & iii41 p4 #bid4 ,s*aff's ,encyclopdia ( ,hi/orical ,!ology1 vol4 iii41 pp4 #bbib-if1 has a good article on ! ,talmud1 giv+ a long li/ ( au?orities to :i* ref]5ce may be made by any "o int]e/$ 9 ?is subject4 #i ,philo is ! subject ( a v long & le>n$ article by ,dr4 ,ed]%eim 9 ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 vol4 iv41 ) :i* may be comp>$ a %ort] article 9 ,s*aff's ,encyclopdia ( ,hi/4 ,!ol41 vol4 ii4 ,! tea*+ ( ,gamaliel 0 z spiritual1 ,i h said1 z rabb9ical tea*+ c\ld h be52 b ?is is n say+ v mu* f ! ,*ri/ian po9t ( view4 ,! s*ools at ,j]usalem 9 ! "t ( ,gamaliel 7 :olly engag$ 9 /udies ( ! mo/ we>isome1 n>r[1 petty1 te*nical k9d4 ,dr4 ,f>r> has illu/rat$ ?is subject ) a great weal? ( le>n+ & examples 9 ! f\r? *apt] ( 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,! ,talmud alone %[s ?is1 ?r[+ a fe>ful light ^u ! d5unciations ( our ,"l z reg>ds ! ,ph>isees1 = x devotes a :ole treatise to wa%+s ( ! h&s1 & ano!r to ! prop] me?od ( kill+ f[ls4 ,! ,ph>isaic section ( ! ,jews held1 inde$1 t !re 7 two hundr$ & =ty-eight comm&m5ts & ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five prohibitions involv$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,law1 all ( !m equally b9d+1 & all ( !m s se>*+ t if only "o solit>y ,jew c\ld be f\nd :o = "o day kept !m all & transgress$ 9 no "o direction1 !n ! captivity ( ,god's p w\ld cease & ! ,messiah w\ld appe>4#aj #aj ,^! facts ?r[ mu* light ^u our ,"l's words 9 ,matt4 xv4 #a-i & xxii4 #cd-dj4 ,i am oblig$ to pass ov] ?is po9t some:at rapidly1 & yet x is a mo/ important "o if we desire to "k :at k9d ( tra9+ ! ,apo/le receiv$2 =1 no matt] h[ ,god's grace may desc5d & ! ,div9e ,_s may *ange ! ma9 directions ( a man's life1 he nev] q recov]s himself f ! effects ( 8 e>ly tea*+4 ,dr4 ,f>r> has be/[$ mu* "t & lab\r on ?is po9t4 ,! foll[+ brief extract f 8 eloqu5t words w give a vivid idea ( ! endless pu]ilities1 ! inf9ite que/ions ( pettie/1 mo/ m9ute1 & mo/ subtle be>+ ) :i* ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul & 8 fell[-/ud5ts mu/ h be5 tak5 up1 & :i* mu/ h made him bitt]ly feel 9 ! dep?s ( 8 inmo/ be+ t1 ?\gh ! law may h be5 orig9ally int5d$ z a s\rce ( life1 x _h be5 c]ta9ly *ang$ z reg>ds 8 own p>ticul> case1 & _h become unto him an occasion ( dea?4 ,moreov]1 0 !re n m+l$ ) all ?is nom9al adoration ( ! ,law a deeply seat$ hypocrisy1 s deep t x 0 9 a great measure unconsci\s8 ,ev5 be=e ! days ( ,*ri/ ! rabbis _h le>nt ! art ( /ra9+ out gnats & swall[+ camels4 ,!y _h long le>nt to nullify :at !y pr(ess$ to def5d4 ,! +5uity ( ,hillel 0 q capable ( gett+ rid ( any ,mosaic regulation :i* _h be5 f\nd practically burd5some4 ,ph>isees & ,sadducees alike _h manag$ to set aside 9 _! own fav\r1 by ! devices ( ! mixtures1 all t 0 disagreeable to !mselves 9 ! ,sabba? scrupulosity4#aa ,! fundam5tal in/itution ( ! ,sabbatic ye> _h be5 /ultifi$ by ! m]e legal fiction ( ! ,prosbol4#ab ,tea*]s :o 7 on ! high road to a casui/ry :i* c\ld con/ruct rules out ( e sup]flu\s p>ticle1 _h f\nd x easy to w9 cr$it = +5uity by elaborat+ prescriptions to :i* ,moses w\ld h li/5$ 9 mute a/oni%m5t4 ,if !re be "o ?+ m def9itely laid d[n 9 ! ,law ?an ano!r1 x is ! uncleanness ( creep+ ?+s2 yet ! ,talmud assures u t 'no "o is appo9t$ a memb] ( ! ,sanh$r9 :o does n possess suffici5t +5uity to prove f ! writt5 ,law t a creep+ ?+ is c]emonially clean'2 & t !re 0 an unimpea*able disciple at ,jabne :o c\ld adduce "o hundr$ & fifty argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! c]emonial cleanness ( creep+ ?+s4 ,sophi/ry l ?is 0 at "w ev5 9 ! days :5 ! "y /ud5t ( ,t>sus sat at ! feet ( ,gamaliel2 & c we imag9e any p]iod ( 8 life :5 he w\ld n h be5 we>i$ by a sy/em at once s mean+less1 s /r+5t1 & s ins9c]e8 #aa ,! rabb9ical device ( mixtures is fully expla9$ 9 ,buxtorf's ,lexicon1 col4 #afeg1 ,ed4 ,basil 7#afci71 or 9 ,kitto's ,biblical ,encyclopdia1 "u ! article ,sabba?4 ,! ,talmud _h a special treatise call$ ,tractatus ,mixtorum1 :i* taught h[1 = in/ance1 dwell+s might be mix$ or m+l$ s z to avoid te*nical brea*es ( ! ,sabbatical law4 ,planks 7 laid across int]v5+ resid5ces1 s t h\ses at a v great di/ance might be br\ght into t\* & connexion1 & ?us reg>d$ z "o common dwell+ = a numb] ( p :o wi%$ = a common fea/ on ! ,sabba?4 ,?is 0 call$ ,mixtio conclavium4 ,x 0 simply "o ( ^? wret*$ devices to :i* casui/ry always leads2 some?+ l ! rules = banquets on fa/ days1 :i* we f9d 9 ,lacroix1 ,mann]s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 p4 #agj1 :]e a mo/ sumptu\s ,episcopal banquet is describ$4 ,x 0 giv5 on a fa/ day1 !re=e no fle% is includ$2 b its place 0 amply suppli$ by r>e fi% & o!r da9ties3 see ,g4 ,t4 ,/okes1 ,irel& & ,anglo-,norman ,*ur*1 p4 #adc4 #ab ,prosbol is simply a translit]ation into ,hebrew ( two ,greek words1 4 ,! ,jewi% ,law enact$ a cancell+ ( all debts 9 ! ,sabbatic ye> on ! "p ( ,jews t[>ds _! bre?r54 ,?is enactm5t 0 f\nd to h9d] comm]ce ab\t ! "t ( ,hillel--i4e41 #ge ye>s ,b4,c4 ,! ri* w\ld n l5d to ! poor on acc\nt ( ! ,sabbatical ye>4 ,s ! doctors devis$ ! ,prosbol1 :i* 0 a decl>ation to ! effect t ! ,sabbatical ye> 0 n to affect ! debt4 ,!re 0 a legal fiction inv5t$ :i* made void ! law4 ,! cr$itor said to ! debtor1 ,9 accordance ) ! ,sabbatical ye> ,i remit !e ! debt1 & !n ! debtor repli$1 ,nev]!less ,i wi% to pay x1 & !n ! cr$itor 0 free f ! obligation ( ,deut4 xv4 ,^! words are true1 ?or\ghly true1 9 _! extreme/ s5se4 ,casui/ry is at all times a dang]\s weapon ) :i* to play1 a dang]\s sci5ce ^u :i* to conc5trate "o's att5tion4 ,! m9d is s pleas$ ) ! fasc9ation ( ! precipice t "o is p]petually tempt$ to see h[ ne> an approa* c be made )\t a cata/rophe1 & !n ! cata/rophe happ5s :5 x is lea/ expect$4 ,b :5 ! casui/'s att5tion is conc5trat$ ^u "o volume l ! law ( ,moses1 int]pret$ 9 ! ?\s& me?ods & comb9ations op5 to ! luxuriant imag9ation ( ! ,ea/1 !n inde$ ! dang] is inf9itely increas$1 & we cease to wond] at ! vivid1 burn+1 scor*+ d5unciations ( ! ,"l z ,he proclaim$ ! s9 ( ^? :o enact$ t ,:osoev] %all swe> by ! temple1 x is no?+2 b :osoev] %all swe> by ! gold ( ! temple1 he is a debtor4 ,/4 ,paul's :ole "t mu/ h be5 tak5 up 9 ! s*ool ( ,gamaliel ) an endless /udy ( su* casui/ical trifles2 & yet t p]iod ( 8 life left m>ks :i* we c cle>ly trace ?r\gh\t 8 writ+s4 ,! me?od1 = in/ance1 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul quotes ! ,old ,te/am5t is ?or\ghly rabb9ical4 ,x 0 d]iv$ f ! rules preval5t 9 ! ,jewi% s*ools1 & !re=e1 ?\gh x may seem to u at times =c$ & unnatural1 mu/ h appe>$ to ,/4 ,paul & to ! m5 ( 8 "t absolutely conclusive4 ,:5 read+ ! ,scriptures we ,we/]ns =get ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ,ori5tals & ! nations ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,ari/otle & 8 logic & 8 logical me?ods1 ) major & m9or premises & conclusions foll[+ !refrom1 absolutely dom9ate our ?\ghts4 ,! ,ea/]ns knew no?+ ( ,ari/otle1 & 8 me?ods avail$ no?+ to _! m9ds4 ,!y argu$ 9 q a diff]5t /yle1 & us$ a logic :i* he w\ld h simply scorn$4 ,analogy1 allegory1 illu/ration1 =m ! /aple elem5ts ( ,ea/]n logic1 & 9 _! use ,/4 ,paul 0 elaborately tra9$ 9 ,gamaliel's classes1 & ( _! use 8 writ+s furni% abundant examples2 ! mo/ notable ( :i* w be f\nd 9 8 allegorical int]pretation ( ! ev5ts ( ! wild]ness j\rney ( ,israel 9 #a ,cor9?ians x4 #a-d1 :]e ! pill> ( cl\d1 & ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ! manna1 & ! smitt5 rock become ! emblems & types ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sacram5ts2 & aga91 9 ,/4 ,paul's my/ical explanation ( ,galatians iv4 #ba-ca1 :]e ,hag> & ,s>ah are repres5t$ z typical ( ! two cov5ants1 ! old cov5ant lead+ to spiritual bondage & ! new introduc+ to gospel fre$om4#ac #ac ,! p>allel betwe5 ,hag> & ,s>ah is drawn out at full l5g? aft] ! rabb9ical me?od 9 ,basnage's ,hi/ory ( ! ,jews 7,taylor's translation71 book iii41 *4 #bb2 9 ,lightfoot's ,galatians1 pp4 #agh1 #agi1 #ahi-ii1 & ,f>r>'s ,/4 ,paul1 *4 iii4 ,philo 9 8 writ+s uses ! v same illu/ration4 ,p]haps x may be well to add ! conclud+ words ( ,bi%op ,lightfoot :5 discuss+ on p4 #aig ( 8 ,galatians1 ! simil> use made by ,/4 ,paul & by ,philo ( ?is illu/ration ( ,hag>3 ,at ! same "t we ne$ n fe> to all[ t ,/4 ,paul's me?od ( tea*+ "h is col\r$ by 8 e>ly education 9 ! rabb9ical s*ools4 ,x 7 z unreasonable to /ake ! ,apo/le's inspiration on ! turn ( a metaphor or ! "* ( an illu/ration or ! =m ( an argum5t1 z on purity ( diction4 ,no "o n[ ?9ks ( ma9ta9+ t ! language ( ! inspir$ writ]s rea*es ! classical /&>d ( correctness & elegance1 ?\gh at "o "t x 0 held almo/ a h]esy to d5y ?is4 ',a treasure conta9$ 9 e>!n vessels1' '/r5g? made p]fect 9 weakness1' 'rud5ess 9 spee*1 yet n 9 k1' su* is ! f> nobl] conception ( inspir$ tea*+1 :i* we may ga!r f ! ,apo/le's own language4 ,& ?is language we %\ld d well to be> 9 m9d4 ,b1 on ! o!r h& x 7 m]e dogmatism to set up ! intellectual /&>d ( our own age or c\ntry z an infallible rule4 ,! p[] ( allegory has be5 diff]5tly felt 9 diff]5t ages1 z x is diff]5tly felt at any "o "t by div]se nations4 ,analogy1 allegory1 metaphor--by :at b\nd>ies are ^! sep>at$ ! "o f ! o!r8 ,:at is true or false1 correct or incorrect1 z an analogy or an allegory8 ,:at argum5tative =ce mu/ be assign$ to ei!r8 ,we %\ld at lea/ be prep>$ ) an answ] to ^! que/ions be=e we v5ture to sit 9 judgm5t on any individual case4 ,^!1 inde$1 are ! mo/ notable examples ( ,/4 ,paul's me?od ( exegesis d]iv$ f ! s*ool ( ,gamaliel1 b !re are numb]less o!rs scatt]$ all ?r\gh 8 writ+s4 ,if we view !m ?r\gh ,we/]n spectacles1 we %all be disappo9t$ & miss _! =ce2 b if we view !m sympa!tically1 if we rememb] t ! ,jews quot$ & /udi$ ! ,old ,te/am5t to f9d illu/rations ( _! own ideas r ?an pro(s 9 our s5se ( ! ^w1 /udi$ !m z an en?usia/ic ,%akespe>e or ,t5nyson or ,wordswor? /ud5t pores ov] 8 fav\rite au?or to f9d p>allels :i* o!rs1 :o are less bewit*$1 f9d v slight & v dubi\s inde$1#ad !n we %all come to see h[ x is t ,/4 ,paul quotes an illu/ration ( 8 doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai? f ,habakkuk ii4 #d--,! s\l ( ! pr\d man is n upright1 b ! j man %all live by 8 /eadfa/ness2 a passage :i* orig9ally appli$ to ! ,*aldeans & ! ,jews1 pr$ict+ t ! =m] %\ld enjoy no /able prosp]ity1 b t ! ,jews1 ideally repres5t$ z ! j or upright man1 %\ld live securely because ( _! fidelity2#ae & c f9d an allusion to ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ 9 ! sure m]cies ( ,david1 :i* ,god _h promis$ to give ,8 p 9 ! ?ird v]se ( ! fifty-fif? ( ,isaiah4#af #ad ,! late/ in/ance ( ?is me?od :i* ,i h notic$ is ,illu/rations ( ,t5nyson1 by ,j4 ,c4 ,coll9s1 review$ by ! ,dean ( ,armagh 9 ! ,janu>y numb] ( ! ,bookman1 :]e a numb] ( su* p>allelisms are quot$ :i* seem to me r dubi\s4 #ae ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 on ,galatians iii4 #aa1 says ( ?is v]se1 ,9 its orig9al context ! passage has ref]5ce to ! temporal calamities inflict$ by ! ,*aldean invasion4 ,"h a spiritual mean+ & g5]al application are giv5 to words ref]r+ prim>ily to special ext]nal incid5ts4 ,see also ,f>r> on ,/4 ,paul's me?od ( scriptural quotation1 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 *4 iii4 #af ,see ,/4 ,paul's address to ! ,jews ( ! ,pisidian ,antio* 9 ,acts xiii4 #cd4 ,o!r specim5s ( ! same rabb9ical me?od us$ by ,/4 ,paul w be f\nd 9 ,rom4 iii41 iv41 & ix4 #cc2 #a ,cor4 ix4 ,eph4 iv4 #h4 ,rabb9ical le>n+1 ,hebrew discipl9e1 ,greek exp]i5ce & life1 ^! conspir$ toge!r ) natural impulse & "* to frame & =m & m\ld a man :o mu/ make 8 m>k ^u ! _w at l>ge 9 :atev] direction he *ooses = 8 walk 9 life4 ,x w n[ be our duty to %[ :at 7 ! e>lie/ results ( ?is v v>i$ education4#ag #ag ,! great lead]s 9 ! div9e /ruggle = righte\sness1 9 e great onw>d movem5t on behalf ( tru? h always be5 m5 ( ?is v>i$ tra9+4 ,moses1 ,david1 ,elijah1 ,ezra1 ,saul ( ,t>sus1 7 great lead]s ( ?\ght & action & !y 7 all m5 ^: education _h be5 develop$ 9 v v>i\s s*ools4 ,!y 7 n m5 ( books m]ely1 nor m5 ( action alone4 ,!y ga9$ ! flexibility ( m9d1 ! g5u9e lib]ality ( ?\ght :i* l$ !m out ( ! old rucks by exp]i5ces ga9$ f v opposite directions4 ,! m]e man ( books may be v n>r[2 ! practical man1 ^: k is limit$ to e day affairs & ^: horizon is b\nd$ by to-morr[1 is (t5 an un?9k+ bigot4 ,a man tra9$ l ,moses1 or ,david1 or ,saul is ! true lead] ( m5 = 8 m9d is tra9$ to receive tru?s f e qu>t]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,! ,,p]secutor4 ,b ,saul laid wa/e ! *ur*1 ent]+ into e h\se1 & hal+ m5 & wom5 committ$ !m to prison4--,,acts viii4 #c4 ,b ,saul1 yet brea?+ ?reat5+ & slaught] aga9/ ! disciples ( ! ,"l1 w5t unto ! high prie/1 & ask$ ( him lett]s to ,damascus unto ! synagogues1 t if he f\nd any t 7 ( ! ,way1 :e!r m5 or wom51 he might br+ !m b\nd to ,j]usalem4 ,& z he j\rney$1 x came to pass t he drew nigh unto ,damascus3 & sudd5ly !re %one r\nd ab\t him a light out ( heav53 & he fell ^u ! e>?1 & he>d a voice say+ unto him1 ,saul1 ,saul1 :y p]secute/ ?\ ,me8 ,& he said1 ,:o art ?\1 ,"l8 ,& ,he said1 ,i am ,jesus :om ?\ p]secute/3 b rise1 & ent] into ! city1 & x %all be told !e :at ?\ mu/ d4--,,acts ix4 #a-f4 ,we h 9 ! la/ *apt] trac$ ! c\rse ( ,/4 ,paul's life z we "k x f 8 own rem9isc5ces1 f h9ts 9 ,holy ,scripture1 & f ,jewi% hi/ory & cu/oms4 ,! ,jewi% nation is exactly l all ! nations ( ! ,ea/1 9 "o respect at lea/4 ,!y are all int5sely cons]vative1 & ?\gh "t has necess>ily introduc$ "s modifications1 yet ! c\rse ( education1 & ! =ce ( prejudice1 & ! p[] ( cu/om h 9 ! ma9 rema9$ un*ang$ d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,we n[ proce$ to view ,/4 ,paul1 n z we imag9e 8 c\rse ( life & education to h be51 b z we foll[ him 9 ! exhibition ( 8 active p[]s1 9 ! full play & sw+ ( t intellectual en]gy1 ( ^? religi\s aims & objects = :i* he _h be5 s long tra9+4 ,/4 ,paul at 8 fir/ appe>ance ^u ! /age ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 ^u ! occasion ( ,/4 ,/eph5's m>tyrdom1 _h arriv$ at ! full /ature ( manhood bo? 9 body & 9 m9d4 ,he 0 !n ! "y man ,saul2 an expression :i* enables u to fix ) "s approa* to accuracy ! "t ( 8 bir?4 ,/4 ,paul's contempor>y ,philo 9 "o ( 8 works divides man's life into sev5 p]iods1 ! f\r? ( :i* is "y manhood1 :i* he assigns to ! ye>s betwe5 tw5ty-"o & tw5ty-eight4 ,r\ghly speak+1 & )\t attempt+ any f9e-drawn di/9ctions = :i* we h n suffici5t mat]ial1 we may say t at ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,/eph5 ,/4 ,paul 0 ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age1 or "s t5 ye>s or !reab\ts junior to our ,"l z ,8 ye>s w\ld h be5 numb]$ accord+ to ^? ( ! sons ( m54 ,"o circum/ance1 inde$1 w\ld seem to indicate t ,/4 ,paul mu/ h be5 !n ov] & above ! exact l9e ( ?irty4 ,x is urg$1 & t ^u ! gr\nd ( ,/4 ,paul's own language1 t he 0 a memb] ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt]1 def5d+ himself be=e ,k+ ,agrippa1 ,/4 ,paul describ$ 8 own c\rse ( action prior to 8 conv]sion z "o ( bitt]e/ ho/ility to ! ,*ri/ian cause3 ,i bo? %ut up _m ( ! sa9ts 9 prisons1 hav+ receiv$ au?ority f ! *ief prie/s1 & :5 !y 7 put to dea?1 ,i gave my vote aga9/ !m2 an expression :i* cle>ly indicates t he 0 a memb] ( a body & possess$ a vote 9 an assembly :i* det]m9$ que/ions ( life & dea?1 & t c\ld h be5 no?+ else ?an ! ,sanh$r91 into :i* no "o 0 admitt$ be=e he _h complet$ ?irty ye>s4 ,/4 ,paul1 !n1 :5 he is fir/ introduc$ to our notice1 comes be=e u z a full-gr[n man & a well-tra9$1 c>efully educat$1 ?or\ghly discipl9$ rabb9ical s*ol>1 ^: prejudices 7 naturally excit$ aga9/ ! new ,galilean sect1 & :o _h giv5 public expression to 8 feel+s by tak+ decid$ /eps 9 opposition to its progress4 ,! sacr$ n>rative n[ sets be=e u 7i7 ! ,conduct ( ,/4 ,paul 9 8 unconv]t$ /ate1 7ii7 8 ,mission1 7iii7 8 ,j\rney1 & 7iv7 8 ,conv]sion4 ,let u take ! _m details & circum/ances connect$ ) ?is passage "u ^! f\r divisions4 ,i4 ,! ,conduct ( ,saul4 ,"h we h a picture ( ,/4 ,paul 9 8 unconv]t$ /ate3 ,saul1 yet brea?+ ?reat5+ & slaught] aga9/ ! disciples ( ! ,"l4 ,?is description is amply borne out by ,/4 ,paul himself1 9 :i* he ev5 enl>ges & gives u additional t\*es ( ! int5sity ( 8 anti*ri/ian hate4 ,8 ignorant zeal at ?is p]iod seems to h pr9t$ itself deep ^u memory's record4 ,!re are no less ?an at lea/ sev5 diff]5t notices 9 ! ,acts or scatt]$ ?r\gh ! ,epi/les1 due to 8 own tongue or p51 & deal+ directly ) 8 conduct z a p]secutor4 ,no matt] h[ he rejoic$ 9 ! fulness & bless$ness ( ,*ri/'s p>don1 no matt] h[ he exp]i5c$ ! p[] & work+ ( ,god's ,holy ,_s1 ,/4 ,paul nev] c\ld =get ! int5se hatr$ ) :i* he _h orig9ally foll[$ ! disciples ( ! ,ma/]4 ,let u note !m1 = !y all be> out1 exp&1 & expla9 ! /atem5t ( ! passage we are n[ consid]+4 ,9 8 address to ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem z record$ 9 ,acts xxii4 he appeals to 8 =m] conduct z an evid5ce ( 8 s9c]ity4 ,9 v]ses #d & #e he says1 ,i p]secut$ ?is ,way unto ! dea?1 b9d+ & deliv]+ into prisons bo? m5 & wom54 ,z also ! high prie/ do? be> me witness1 & all ! e/ate ( ! eld]s3 f :om also ,i receiv$ lett]s unto ! bre?r51#ah & j\rney$ to ,damascus1 to br+ !m also :i* 7 !re unto ,j]usalem 9 bonds1 = to be puni%$4 ,9 ! same disc\rse he recurs a second "t to ?is topic2 =1 tell+ 8 audi5ce ( ! vision grant$ to him 9 ! temple1 he says1 v]se #ai1 ,& ,i said1 ,"l1 !y !mselves "k t ,i imprison$ & beat 9 e synagogue !m t believ$ on ,!e3 & :5 ! blood ( ,/eph5 ,?y witness 0 %$1 ,i also 0 /&+ by1 & cons5t+1 & keep+ ! g>m5ts ( !m t slew him4 ,/4 ,paul dwells ^u ! same topic 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt]1 :5 address+ ,k+ ,agrippa 9 v]ses #i-aa1 a passage already quot$ 9 "p3 ,i v]ily ?\ght ) myself1 t ,i ought to d _m ?+s contr>y to ! "n ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,& ?is ,i also did 9 ,j]usalem3 & ,i bo? %ut up _m ( ! sa9ts 9 prisons1 hav+ receiv$ au?ority f ! *ief prie/s1 & :5 !y 7 put to dea?1 ,i gave my vote aga9/ !m4 ,& puni%+ !m (t5times 9 all ! synagogues1 ,i /rove to make !m blaspheme2 & be+ exce$+ly mad aga9/ !m1 ,i p]secut$ !m ev5 unto =eign cities4 ,x is ! same 9 8 ,epi/les4 ,9 f\r diff]5t places does he ref] to 8 conduct z a p]secutor--9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #i2 ,gal4 i4 #ac2 ,phil4 iii4 #f2 & #a ,tim4 i4 #ac2 :ile aga9 9 ! *apt] n[ "u consid]ation1 ! n9? ( ,acts1 we f9d t ! ,jews ( ! synagogue 9 ,damascus1 :o 7 li/5+ to ,/4 ,paul's e>lie/ outbur/ ( ,*ri/ian zeal1 ask$1 ,is n ?is he t 9 ,j]usalem made havock ( !m :i* call$ on ?is "n8 & he _h come hi!r = ?is int5t1 t he might br+ !m b\nd be=e ! *ief prie/s2 us+ ! v same ^w mak+ havock z ,/4 ,paul himself uses 9 ! fir/ ( ,galatians1 :i* 9 ,greek is v /rong1 express+ a c\rse ( action accompani$ ) fire & blood & murd] su* z occurs :5 a city is tak5 by /orm4 #ah ,:at an int]e/+ anticipation ( ,*ri/ian times d we f9d 9 ?is passage4 ,! e/ate ( ! eld]s is ! ,presbyt]y 9 ! orig9al ,greek1 & ! words ! bre?r5 by :i* ,/4 ,paul ref]s to 8 unconv]t$ fell[-c\ntrym5 are an anticipation ( ! expression he always uses = ! ,*ri/ian believ]s4 ,ev5 9 ^! little details ,*ri/ianity is b an expansion ( ,judaism1 z1 9 ano!r direction1 ! ,catacombs ( ,rome & ! ornam5tation us$ !re9 7 all d]iv$ f ! cu/oms ( ! ,jewi% colony 9 ,rome long be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,see a treatise by ,s*ur]1 call$ ,die ,geme9dev]fassung d] ,jud5 9 ,rom 9 d] ,kais]zeit1 p4 #ac 7,leipzig1 #ahgi71 :]e t le>n$ writ] po9ts out ! cont9uity betwe5 ,judaism 9 ,rome & e>ly ,*ri/ianity4 ,n[ ^! passages h be5 ?us set =? at l5g? because !y add _m details to ! b>e /atem5t ( ,acts ix41 giv+ u a glimpse into ^? f\r or five d>k & bloody ye>s1 ! ?\ght ( :i* h5ce=? weigh$ s heavily ^u ! ,apo/le's m9d & memory4 ,j let u notice ^! additional t\*es4 ,he %ut up 9 prison _m ( ! sa9ts1 bo? m5 & wom51 & t 9 ,j]usalem be=e he w5t to ,damascus at all4 ,he sc\rg$ ! disciples 9 e synagogue1 mean+ d\btless t he sup]9t5d$ ! puni%m5t1 z x 0 ! duty ( ! ,*azan1 ! m9i/] or att5dant ( ! synagogue1 to sc\rge ! condemn$1 & ?us /rove to make !m blaspheme ,*ri/4 ,he vot$ = ! execution ( ! disciples :5 he act$ z a memb] ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,& la/ly he foll[$ ! disciples & p]secut$ !m 9 =eign cities4 ,we ga9 9 ?is way a mu* full] idea ( ! "y en?usia/'s p]secut+ zeal ?an usually is =m$ f ! words ,saul yet brea?+ ?reat5+ & slaught] aga9/ ! disciples ( ! ,"l1 :i* seem to set =? ,saul z r\s$ to wild & savage excitem5t by ,/4 ,/eph5's dea?1 & !n cont9u+ t c\rse 9 ! city ( ,j]usalem = a v brief p]iod4 ,:]eas1 on ! contr>y1 ,/4 ,paul's full] /atem5ts1 :5 comb9$1 repres5t him z pursu+ a c\rse ( /eady1 sy/ematic1 & cruel repression1 :i* ,/4 ,paul l>gely help$ to inaugurate1 b :i* cont9u$ to exi/ z long z ! ,jews _h ! p[] to inflict corporal puni%m5ts & dea? on ! memb]s ( _! own nation4 ,he visit$ all ! synagogues 9 ,j]usalem & ?r\gh\t ,pale/9e1 sc\rg+ & imprison+4 ,he /rove--& ?is is1 aga91 ano!r lifelike t\*1--to compel ! disciples to blaspheme ! "n ( ,*ri/ 9 ! same mann] z ! ,romans 7 subsequ5tly wont to te/ ,*ri/ians by call+ ^u !m to cry ana!ma to ! "n ( _! ,ma/]4#ai ,he ev5 ext5d$ 8 activity beyond ! b\nds ( ! ,holy ,l&1 & t 9 v>i\s directions4 ,! visit to ,damascus may n by any means h be5 8 fir/ j\rney to a =eign t[n ) ?\ghts b5t on ! "w ( p]secution4 ,he expressly says to ,agrippa1 ,i p]secut$ !m ev5 unto =eign cities4 ,he may h visit$ ,t>sus1 or ,ly/ra1 or ! cities ( ,cyprus or ,alex&ria itself1 urg$ on by ! consum+ fire ( 8 bl9d1 re/less zeal1 be=e he ent]$ ^u ! j\rney to ,damascus1 de/9$ to be ! la/ und]tak5 9 opposition to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:5 we ?us /rive to realise ! facts ( ! case1 we %all see t ! sc5es ( blood & torture & dea?1 ! ru9$ homes1 ! te>s1 ! he>tbreak+ sep>ations :i* ! "y man ,saul _h caus$ 9 8 bl9d zeal = ! law1 & :i* are briefly summ$ up 9 ! words he made havock ( ! ,*ur*1 7 q suffici5t to acc\nt = t pr(\nd impression ( 8 own unwor?9ess & ( ,god's great m]cy t[>ds him :i* he ev] *]i%$ to 8 dy+ day4#bj #ai ,/4 ,paul1 inde$1 9 8 p]secut+ days may h be5 ! inv5tor ( ! te/1 :i* seems to h consi/$ 9 a decl>ation t ,jesus 0 n ! ,*ri/1 b an impo/or4 ,we f9d a ref]5ce to ! ,jewi% cu/om ( blasphem+ ! "n ( ,jesus 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,james 7ii4 #f1 #g73 ,d n ! ri* oppress y1 & !mselves drag y be=e ! judgm5t-seats8 ,d n !y blaspheme ! hon\rable "n by ! :i* ye are call$8 ) :i* may be comp>$ ,/4 ,paul's words 9 #a ,cor4 xii4 #c3 ,no man speak+ 9 ! ,_s ( ,god sai?1 ,jesus is ana!ma4 ,! same cu/om cont9u$ 9 ! second c5tury1 z we le>n f frequ5t notices 9 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr's ,dialogue ) ,trypho ! ,jew1 z 9 ! foll[+ quotations3 *4 xvi41 curs+ 9 y\r synagogues ^? t believe on ,*ri/2 9 *4 xlvii4 he enum]ates among/ ^? :o %all n be sav$ ^? :o h ana!matis$ & d ana!matise ?is v ,*ri/ 9 ! synagogues2 & 9 *4 cxxxvii4 he exhorts ! ,jews1 ,ass5t1 !re=e1 & p\r no ridicule on ! ,son ( ,god2 obey n ! ,ph>isaic tea*]s1 & sc(f n at ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 z ! rul]s ( y\r synagogues tea* y to d aft] y\r pray]s4 ,! ,romans1 z ,i h said1 e>ly borr[$ ! cu/om f ! ,jews4 ,!y /rove to compel ! ,*ri/ians to blaspheme1 z we see f ,pl9y's well-kn[n epi/le to ,trajan 9 8 ,epi/les1 book x41 #ig1 :]e he describes c]ta9 p]sons br\ght be=e him z invok+ ! gods1 wor%ipp+ ! emp]or's /atue1 & revil+ ! "n ( ,*ri/1 :]eas !re is no =c+ ^? :o are really ,*ri/ians into any ( ^! compliances4 #bj ,/4 ,paul1 9 #a ,tim4 i4 #ae1 says1 ,fai?ful is ! say+1 & wor?y ( all acceptation1 t ,*ri/ ,jesus came into ! _w to save s9n]s2 ( :om ,i am *ief4 ,?is v]se is ( anci5t & ( v mod]n int]e/ too4 ,x %[s t to ! la/ ,/4 ,paul reta9$ ! ke5e/ s5se ( 8 e>ly wick$ness4 ,x is ( pres5t int]e/ because x helps to correct a mod]n error4 ,!re are p :o object to use ! ,litany & ! ,"l's ,pray] because ( ! pray]s = =giv5ess ( s9s & ! occurr5ce ( su* expressions z ,h m]cy ^u u1 mis]able s9n]s4 ,_! argum5t is1 t believ]s h be5 wa%$ f all _! s9s1 & !re=e %\ld n describe !mselves z mis]able s9n]s4 ,/4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 saw no inconsi/5cy betwe5 ,god's free =giv+ love & 8 own humility 9 designat+ himself ! *ief ( s9n]s4 ,god may h ca/ all our s9s beh9d ,8 back2 b1 view+ ! matt] f ! human side1 x is well1 nay1 x is absolutely necess>y1 if spiritual pride is to be h9d]$ 9 its rapid gr[?1 = u to *]i% a remembrance ( ! s9s & backslid+s ( o!r days4 ,! greate/ sa9ts1 ! ri*e/ spiritual tea*]s h ev] felt ! necessity ( x4 ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 8 ,confessions m+les p]petual rem9isc5ces ( 8 own wick$ness ) 8 assur$ s5se ( ,god's m]cy4 ,hook] deals 9 8 own pr(\nd /yle ) su* objection to ! ,litany 9 ! ,fif? ,book ( 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,polity1 *4 xlvii41 :]e he writes1 reply+ to ! objection t ! expressions ( ! ,litany imply+ fe> ( ,god d n become ,god's sa9ts3 ,! k ( our own unwor?9ess is n )\t belief 9 ! m]its ( ,*ri/4 ,) t true fe> :i* ! "o cause? !re is c\pl$ true boldness1 & enc\ragem5t drawn f ! o!r4 ,! v sil5ce :i* our own unwor?9ess putte? u unto do? itself make reque/ = u1 & t 9 ! consequ5ce ( ,8 grace4 ,look+ inw>d we are /rick5 dumb1 look+ upw>d we speak & prevail4 ,o happy mixture1 :]e9 ?+s contr>y d s qualify & correct ! dang] ( ! o!r's excess1 t nei!r boldness c make u presume z long z we are kept "u ) ! s5se ( our own wret*$ness2 nor :ile we tru/ 9 ! m]cy ( ,god ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/1 fe> be able to tyrannise ov] u6 ,z !re=e our fe> exclude? n t boldness :i* become? sa9ts2 s if _! famili>ity ) ,god 7ref]r+ to 8 oppon5ts7 d n sav\r ( ?is fe>1 x drawe? too ne> t irrev]5t confid5ce :]e) true humility c nev] /&4 ,bi%op ,j]emy ,taylor und]/ood ! be>+ ( ,/4 ,paul's view on p]sonal religion4 ,9 8 ,holy ,liv+1 9 ! *apt] on ,humility1 he tea*es ^? :o seek t grace ?us3 ,e day call to m9d "s "o ( ?y f\le/ s9s1 or ! mo/ %ameful ( ?y disgraces1 or ! indiscreete/ ( ?y actions1 or any?+ t did !n mo/ tr\ble !e1 & apply x to ! pres5t swell+ ( ?y _s & op9ion1 & x may help to allay x4 ,,ii4 ,! ,mission ( ,saul4 ,aga91 we notice 9 ?is passage t ,saul1 hav+ %[n 8 activity 9 o!r directions1 n[ turn$ 8 att5tion to ,damascus4 ,!re 7 political circum/ances :i* may h hi!rto h9d]$ him f ex]cis+ ! same sup]vision ov] ! synagogue ( ,damascus :i* he _h already ext5d$ to o!r =eign cities4 ,! political hi/ory & circum/ances ( ,damascus at ?is p]iod are inde$ r obscure4 ,! city seems to h be5 some:at ( a bone ( cont5tion betwe5 ,h]od ,antipas1 ,aretas ! k+ ( ,petra1 & ! ,romans4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion1 :i* may be fix$ at ,a4,d4 #cg or #ch1 !re 0 a p]iod ( great di/urbance 9 ,pale/9e & ,s\!rn ,syria4 ,pontius ,pilate 0 depos$ f 8 (fice & s5t to ,rome = judgm5t4 ,vitellius1 ! presid5t ( ! :ole ,prov9ce ( ,syria1 came into ,pale/9e1 *ang+ ! high prie/s1 conciliat+ ! ,jews1 & int]v5+ 9 ! w> :i* rag$ betwe5 ,h]od ,antipas & ,aretas1 8 fa!r-9-law4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is la/ /ruggle ,damascus seems to h *ang$ its ma/]s1 &1 :ile a ,roman city till ! ye> #cg1 x h5ce=? became an ,arabian city1 ! prop]ty ( ,k+ ,aretas1 till ! reign ( ,n]o1 :5 x aga9 return$ b5ea? ! ,roman sway4 ,"s "o or o!r1 or p]haps all ^! political circum/ances comb9$ may h hi!rto prev5t$ ! ,sanh$r9 f tak+ active measures aga9/ ! disciples at ,damascus4 ,b n[ ?+s became settl$4 ,caiaphas 0 depos$ f ! (fice ( high prie/ ^u ! dep>ture ( ,pontius ,pilate4 ,he _h be5 a great fri5d & ally ( ,pilate2 ,vitellius !re=e depriv$ ,caiaphas ( 8 sacr$ (fice1 appo9t+ 9 8 /ead ,jona?an1 son ( ,annas1 ! high prie/4 ,?is ,jona?an did n1 h[ev]1 long cont9ue to occupy ! position1 z he 0 depos$ by ! same ,roman magi/rate1 ,vitellius1 at ! fea/ ( ,p5teco/ 9 ! v same ye>1 8 bro!r ,!ophilus be+ appo9t$ high prie/ 9 8 room2 s completely 0 ! :ole ,levitical hi]>*y1 ! entire ,jewi% e/abli%m5t1 rul$ by ! political (fic]s ( ! ,roman /ate4 ,?is ,!ophilus cont9u$ to hold ! (fice = five or six ye>s1 & x mu/ h be5 to ,!ophilus t ,saul appli$ = lett]s unto ,damascus au?oris+ him to arre/ ! adh]5ts ( ! new religion4#ba #ba ,! ref]5ces = all ^! *anges are giv5 9 ,lew9's ,fa/i1 & 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 ) :i* ,josephus1 ,antiqq41 ,,xviii41 iv41 %\ld be comp>$4 ,& n[ a "q "h arises1 ,h[ is x t ! high prie/ c\ld ex]cise su* p[]s & arre/ 8 co-religioni/s 9 a =eign t[n8 ,! answ] to ?is %$s a flood ( light ^u ! /ate ( ! ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion1 z !y 7 call$4 ,i h already said a little on ?is po9t1 b x dem&s full] discussion4#bb ,! high prie/ at ,j]usalem 0 reg>d$ z a k9d ( head ( ! :ole nation4 ,he 0 view$ by ! ,romans z ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,jews1#bc ) :om !y c\ld =mally treat1 & by :om !y c\ld manage a nation :i*1 diff]+ f all o!rs 9 its mann]s & cu/oms1 0 scatt]$ all ov] ! _w1 & (t5 gave mu* tr\ble4 ,julius ,cs> laid d[n ! l9es on :i* ,jewi% privileges & ,roman policy 7 bas$1 & t half a c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,julius ,cs> _h be5 greatly assi/$ 9 8 ,alex&rian w> by ! ,jewi% high prie/ ,hyrcanus1 s he issu$ an edict 9 ! ye> #dg ,b4,c41 :i*1 aft] recit+ ! s]vices ( ,hyrcanus1 proce$s ?us1 ,i comm& t ,hyrcanus & 8 *ildr5 d reta9 all ! rights ( ! high prie/1 :e!r e/abli%$ by law or accord$ by c\rtesy2 & if h]eaft] any "q arise t\*+ ! ,jewi% polity1 ,i desire t ! det]m9ation !re( be ref]r$ to him2 an edict :i*1 confirm$ z x 0 aga9 & aga91 n only by ,julius ,cs>1 b by sev]al subsequ5t emp]ors1 gave ! high prie/ ! fulle/ jurisdiction ov] ! ,jews1 :]ev] !y dwelt1 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to _! own religion4#bd ,x 0 !re=e 9 /ricte/ accord ) ,roman law & cu/om t1 :5 ,saul wi%$ to arre/ memb]s ( ! synagogue at ,damascus1 he %\ld make application to ! high prie/ ,!ophilus = a w>rant enabl+ him to effect 8 purpose4 #bb ,see vol4 i41 pp4 #agd-f1 #bga4 #bc ,! decree ( ,julius ,cs>1 ^u :i* ! ,jewi% privileges 7 built1 expressly calls ! high prie/ ! e?n>* 771 or rul]1 ( ! ,jews4 ,see ,josephus1 ,antiqq41 ,,xiv41 x41 #c4 #bd ,?is po9t is work$ out at great l5g? & ) a multitude ( ref]5ces 9 ,lew9's ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 *4 iv41 vol4 i41 pp4 #dd-g4 ,josephus1 9 8 ,antiquities1 book xiv41 *4 x41 gives ! words ( ,cs>'s decree4 ,9 *4 viii4 ( ! same book he describes ! w>like assi/ance l5t by ! ,jews to ,julius ,cs> 9 8 ,egyptian campaign4 ,! description1 too1 giv5 ( ! disciples 9 ?is passage is v notewor?y & a /rik+ evid5ce ( ! tru?fulness ( ! n>rative4 ,! disciples 7 ! m5 ( ! ,way4 ,saul desir$ to br+ any ( ! ,way f\nd at ,damascus to be judg$ at ,j]usalem1 because ! ,sanh$r9 alone possess$ ! "r to pass capital s5t5ces 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,! synagogues at ,damascus or any:]e else c\ld flog culprits1 & a ,jew c\ld get no r$ress = any su* ill-treatm5t ev5 if he s\ght x1 :i* w\ld h n be5 at all likely2 b if ! f9al s5t5ce ( dea? 7 to be pass$1 ! ,j]usalem ,sanh$r9 0 ! only tribunal compet5t to ent]ta9 su* que/ions4#be ,& ! p]sons he desir$ to hale be=e ?is awful tribunal 7 ! m5 ( ! ,way4 ,?is 0 ! "n by :i*1 9 its e>lie/ & pure/ day1 ! ,*ur* call$ itself4 ,9 ! n9ete5? *apt] & n9? v]se we read ( ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs at ,ephesus & ! opposition he endur$3 ,b :5 "s 7 h>d5$ & disob$i5t1 speak+ evil ( ! ,way be=e ! multitude2 :ile aga91 9 8 def5ce be=e ,felix 7xxiv4 #ad71 we read1 ,b ?is ,i confess unto !e1 t aft] ! ,way :i* !y call a sect1 s s]ve ,i ! ,god ( our fa!rs4 ,! ,revis$ translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t has well br\ght out ! =ce ( ! orig9al 9 a mann] t 0 utt]ly miss$ 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 & has emphasiz$ = u a great tru? conc]n+ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 holy intol]ance ev5 ab\t ! v "n !y impos$ ^u ! e>lie/ ,*ur*4 ,x 0 ! ,way1 ! only ,way1 ! ,way ( ,life4 ,! e>lie/ ,*ri/ians _h a lively recollection ( :at ! ,apo/les _h he>d f ! m\? ( ! ,ma/] ,himself1 ,i am ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 & ! ,life2 no "o come? unto ! ,fa!r b by ,me2 & s1 realis+ ! id5tity ( ,*ri/ & ,8 p1 realis+ ! cont9u$ pres5ce ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 ,*ur*1 !y designat$ t ,*ur* by a t]m :i* express$ _! belief t 9 x alone 0 ! road to peace1 ! sole pa? ( access to ,god4 ,?is "n ! ,way express$ _! s5se ( ! importance ( ! tru?4 ,_!'s 0 no easy-go+ religion :i* ?\ght t x made n ! slighte/ matt] :at =m ( belief a man pr(ess$4 ,!y 7 awfully 9 e>ne/1 because !y knew ( only "o way to ,god1 & t 0 ! religion & ,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re=e x 0 t !y 7 will+ to suff] all ?+s r ?an t !y %\ld lose ?is ,way1 or t o!rs %\ld miss x ?r\gh _! default4 ,! m>vell\s1 ! int5se mission>y ef=ts ( ! primitive ,*ur* f9d _! explanation 9 ?is expression1 ! ,way4 ,god _h reveal$ ! ,way & _h call$ !mselves into x1 & _! great duty 9 life 0 to make o!rs "k ! greatness ( ?is salvation2 or1 z ,/4 ,paul puts x1 ,necessity is laid ^u me2 woe is unto me if ,i prea* n ! gospel4#bf #be ,i "k x is a common op9ion t ! ,jews _h no p[] ( capital puni%m5t & t ! ,romans p]mitt$ ! infliction m]ely ( sc\rg+s & su* m9or p5alties4 ,lightfoot1 9 8 ,hor ,hebraic on ,matt4 xxvi4 #c2 ,john xviii4 #ca2 ,acts ix4 #b1 controv]ts ?is view 9 long & le>n$ notes4 ,! ,jews c]ta9ly /at$ to ,pilate1 accord+ to ,john xviii4 #ca1 ,x is n lawful = u to put any man to dea?4 ,b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,sanh$r9 put ,/4 ,/eph5 to dea?1 & ,/4 ,paul tells u t :5 ! sa9ts 7 put to dea? he vot$ aga9/ !m2 %[+ t ! ,sanh$r9 did put _m ( ! disciples to dea?4 ,lightfoot ?9ks t ! ,jews m]ely wi%$ to ?r[ ! odium ( our ,"l's execution ^u ! ,romans1 & !re=e plead$ _! own inability to condemn ,him = a capital (f5ce1 because ( ! p>ticul> *amb] :]e ! ,sanh$r9 !n sat1 :]e x 0 unlawful to judge a capital crime4 ,! ,ph>isees1 too1 jo9$ 9 ! attempt to br+ ab\t our ,"l's dea?1 & _! traditions made !m av]se to ! %$d+ ( ,jewi% blood by ! ,sanh$r94 ,! ,sadducees 71 h[ev]1 ! dom9ant p>ty 9 ! ye> #cg1 & !y _h no su* scruples4 ,!y 7 always ( a cruel & blood?ir/y disposition & /]n 9 _! puni%m5ts1 z ,josephus tells u 9 8 ,antiqq41 ,,xx41 ix41 #a4 ,?is 0 ( c\rse ! natural result ( _! mat]ial philosophy :i* reg>d$ man z devoid ( any immortal pr9ciple4 ,lightfoot gives in/ances too 7,matt4 xxvi4 #c7 ( a prie/'s daught] burn$ to dea? & ( a man /on$ at ,lydda ev5 aft] ! de/ruction ( ! city1 %[+ t ! ,sanh$r9 /ill contriv$ to ex]cise capital jurisdiction4 ,! "t :5 ,saul set out = ,damascus 0 v fav\rable f political reasons = any new or unusual assumptions ( au?ority on ! "p ( ! ,sanh$r94 ,vitellius ! ,prefect 0 v anxi\s to be def]5tial 9 e way to ! ,jewi% au?orities4 ,he _h j re/or$ ! cu/ody ( ! high prie/'s robes to ! ,sanh$r9 & ! prie/s4 ,?is may h enc\rag$ !m to adopt ! fi]ce/ & /]ne/ measures aga9/ ! new sect>ies4 ,z = ! m9or puni%m5t ( flogg+1 ! synagogues 9 ,holl& h be5 kn[n to ex]cise x s lately z ! sev5te5? c5tury4 #bf ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les 9 ?is respect ?r[s an int]e/+ light ^u ! ,tea*+ ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 publi%$ a few ye>s ago by ,bi%op ,bry5nius1 & helps u to fix its e>ly date4 ,t important relic ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity nev] speaks ( ! foll[]s ( ! new religion z ,*ri/ians4 ,x op5s by describ+ ! two ways1 ! way ( ,life1 :i* is ,*ri/ianity1 & ! way ( ,dea?4 ,x mu/ !re=e h be5 compos$ :5 ! memory ( ! ,*ur*'s e>lie/ designation1 ! ,way1 0 /ill fre%4 ,by ! "t ( ,ari/ides 7,a4,d4 #abe7 & ( ,pl9y ! title ,*ri/ians 0 ! common "o bo? inside & outside ! ,*ur*4 ,! exclusive claims ( ,*ri/ianity are ?us e>ly set =?2 & x 0 ^! same exclusive claims :i* caus$ ,*ri/ianity to be s hat$ & p]secut$ by ! pagans4#bg ,! ,roman ,empire w\ld n h s bitt]ly res5t$ ! prea*+ ( ,*ri/1 if ,8 foll[]s w\ld h accept$ ! position ) :i* o!r religions 7 cont5t$4 ,! ,roman ,empire 0 n intol]ant ( new ideas 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,previ\s to ! com+ ( our ,"l ! pagans _h welcom$ ! /range1 my/ic rites & tea*+ ( ,egypt4 ,!y accept$ f ,p]sia ! curi\s sy/em & wor%ip ( ,mi?ras )9 ! fir/ c5tury aft] ,*ri/'s crucifixion4 ,& tradition tells t at lea/ two ( ! emp]ors 7 will+ to admit ! image ( ,*ri/ into ! ,pan!on1 :i* !y _h consecrat$ to ! memory ( ! great & good4#bh ,b ! ,*ri/ians w\ld h no?+ to say or d ) su* p>tial hon\rs = _! ,ma/]4 ,religion = !m 0 ,*ri/ alone or else x 0 no?+1 & t because ,he alone 0 ! ,way4 ,z !re 0 b "o ,god = !m1 s !re 0 b "o ,m$iator1 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 #bg ,?is s5se ( ! awful importance ( ,*ri/ianity z ! ,way made ! ,*ri/ians en?usia/ic & det]m9$ 9 _! ef=ts to spread _! religion4 ,9 ! e>lie/ apology or def5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 t ( ,ari/ides1 :i* ,i h fully describ$ 9 ! previ\s volume ( ?is ,comm5t>y1 we f9d ?is fact op5ly av[$ & glori$ 9 z 9 ! foll[+ passage3 ,z = _! s]vants or h&maids1 or _! *ildr51 if !y h any1 !y p]suade !m to become ,*ri/ians = ! love !y h t[>ds !m2 & :5 !y h become s1 !y call !m )\t di/9ction bre?r54 ,a sy/em s broad z to view all religions z equally important w\ld nev] h innate =ce en\gh to lead a man to become a mission>y1 & mo/ c]ta9ly nev] w\ld h produc$ a m>tyr4 ,*ri/ianity really und]/ood is a v broad religion2 its ess5tial dogmas are v few2 b !re is a k9d ( bread? 9 religion n[ fa%ionable :i* ! e>ly ,*ri/ians nev] und]/ood or !y w\ld n h act$ z !y did4 ,:o w\ld h ?r[ away 8 life amid ! cruelle/ tortures if x 0 all ! same :e!r m5 wor%ipp$ ,jupit] or ,jesus ,*ri/8 #bh ,t]tullian1 ab\t ! ye> #bjj1 tells u 7,apologet41 *4 v4 & xxi47 t ! ,emp]or ,tib]ius1 "u :om our ,"l suff]$1 0 s mov$ by ,pilate's report ( ! miracles & resurrection ( ,*ri/ z to propose a bill to ! ,s5ate t ,*ri/ %\ld be receiv$ among ! gods ( ,rome2 :ile1 z = ,emp]or ,alex&] ,sev]us1 ,a4,d4 #bbb to #bce1 he w5t ev5 fur!r4 ,9 ,*ri/ he recognis$ a ,div9e ,be+ equal ) ! o!r gods2 & 9 8 dome/ic *apel he plac$ ! bu/ ( ,*ri/ along ) ! images ( ^? m5 :om he reg>d$ z be+s ( a sup]ior ord]--( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 & ,orpheus1 & su* l4 ,heliogabalus1 ,a4,d4 #bai1 is cr$it$ ) a desire to h bl5d$ ,*ri/ianity ) ! wor%ip ( ! ,sun3 see ,ne&]1 ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 vol4 i41 pp4 #abh1 #agc1 ,bohn's edition4 ,,iii4 ,saul's ,j\rney4 ,z he j\rney$1 x came to pass t he drew nigh unto ,damascus4 ,?is is ! simple record left u 9 ,holy ,writ ( ?is mom5t\s ev5t4 ,a comp>ison ( ! sacr$ record ) any ( ! num]\s lives ( ,/4 ,paul :i* h be5 publi%$ w %[ u h[ v diff]5t _! po9ts ( view4 ,! m]e human n>ratives dwell ^u ! ext]nal features ( ! sc5e1 enl>ge ^u ! light :i* mod]n discov]ies h ?r[n ^u ! l9es ( road :i* connect$ ,j]usalem ) ,s\!rn ,syria1 become en?usia/ic ov] ! beauty ( ,damascus z se5 by ! travell] f ,j]usalem1 ov] ! et]nal gre5 ( ! groves & g>d5s :i* are /ill1 z ( old1 made glad by ! wat]s ( ,abana & ( ,ph>p>2 :ile ! sacr$ n>rative passes ov] all ext]nal details & m>*es /raight to ! great c5tral fact ( ! p]secutor's conv]sion4 ,& we f9d no fault ) ?is4 ,x is well t ! human n>ratives %\ld enl>ge z !y d ^u ! outw>d features & circum/ances ( ! j\rney1 because !y ?us help u to realise ! ,acts z a v]itable hi/ory t 0 liv$ & act$4 ,we are too apt to idealise ! ,bible1 to ?9k ( x z deal+ ) an unreal _w1 & to reg>d ! m5 & wom5 !re( z be+s ( ano!r type f ourselves4 ,books l ,f>r>'s & ,lew9's & ,conybe>e & ,h[son's ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul correct ?is t5d5cy1 & make ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les inf9itely m int]e/+ by r5d]+ ,/4 ,paul's c>e] human & lifelike & clo?+ x ) ! *>m ( local detail4 ,x is ?us t we c guess at ! v road by :i* ! en?usia/ic ,saul travell$4 ,! c>avans f ,egypt to ,damascus are int5sely cons]vative 9 _! r\tes4 ,9 fact1 ev5 9 our own revolution>y ,we/ trade & comm]ce pres]ve 9 l>ge measure ! same r\tes to-day z !y us$ two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! great railways ( ,engl&1 & mu* m ! great ma9 roads1 pres]ve 9 a l>ge degree ! same directions :i* ! anci5t ,roman roads obs]v$4 ,9 ,irel&1 ) :i* ,i am /ill bett] acqua9t$1 ,i "k t ! great roads />t+ f ,dubl9 pres]ve 9 ! ma9 ! same l9es z 9 ! days ( ,/4 ,patrick4#bi ,& s x is1 b only to a mu* great] degree1 9 ,pale/9e & ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4 ,! road f ,j]usalem to ,j]i*o pres]v$ 9 ,/4 ,j]ome's "t1 f\r c5turies lat]1 ! same direction & ! same "* z 9 our ,"l's day1 s t x 0 !n call$ ! ,bloody ,road1 f ! frequ5t robb]ies2 & ?us x is /ill1 = ! pilgrims :o n[ g to visit ! ,jordan are furni%$ ) a gu>d ( ,turki% soldi]s to protect !m f ! ,arab b&its4 ,& to-day1 z 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 ! c>avans f ,egypt & ,j]usalem to ,damascus foll[ ei!r ( two roads3 "o :i* proce$s ?r\gh ,gaza & ,ramleh1 along ! coa/1 & !n1 turn+ ea/w>d ab\t ! bord]s ( ,sam>ia & ,galilee1 crosses ! ,jordan & proce$s ?r\gh ! des]t to ,damascus--t is ! ,egyptian road2#cj :ile ! o!r1 :i* s]ves = travell]s f ,j]usalem1 runs due nor? f t city & jo9s ! o!r road at ! entrance to ,galilee4 ,?is latt] 0 probably ! road :i* ,/4 ,paul took4 ,! di/ance :i* he _h to trav]se is n v great4 ,"o hundr$ & ?irty-six miles sep>ate ,j]usalem f ,damascus1 a j\rney :i* is p]=m$ 9 five or six days by su* a company z ,saul _h ) him4 ,we get a h9t1 too1 ( ! mann] 9 :i* he travell$4 ,he rode probably on a horse or a mule1 l mod]n travell]s on ! same road1 z we ga!r f ,acts ix4 #d comp>$ ) xxii4 #g1 passages :i* repres5t ,saul & 8 companions z fall+ to ! e>? :5 ! sup]natural light fla%$ ^u _! a/oni%$ vision4 #bi ,see ,petrie's ,t>a 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 t4 xviii41 & ,irel& & ! ,celtic ,*ur*1 by ,g4 ,t4 ,/okes1 pp4 #hj1 #ha1 = illu/rations ( ?is po9t4 #cj ,see ,geikie's ,! ,holy ,l& & ! ,bible1 p4 #ch4 ,! exact spot :]e ,saul 0 arre/$ 9 8 mad c>e] is a matt] ( "s debate2 "s fix x close to ! city ( ,damascus1 half a mile or s f ! s\? gate on ! high road to ,j]usalem4 ,dr4 ,port]1 ^: long resid5ce at ,damascus made him an au?ority on ! locality1 places ! sc5e ( ! conv]sion at ! village ( ,caucabe1 t5 miles away1 :]e ! travell] f ,j]usalem gets 8 fir/ glimpse ( ! t[]s & groves ( ,damascus4 ,we are n anxi\s to det]m9e ?is po9t4 ,! great spiritual tru? :i* is ! c5tre & core ( ! :ole matt] rema9s1 & t c5tral tru? is ?is1 t x 0 :5 he drew ne> to ,damascus & ! cr[n+ act ( viol5ce seem$ at h&1 !n ! ,"l put =? ,8 p[]--z ,he s (t5 /ill does j :5 m5 are ab\t to commit "s dire (f5ce--arre/$ ! p]secutor1 & !n1 amid ! d>kness ( t ab\nd+ light1 !re rose ^u ! vision ( ! a/oni%$ ,saul at ,caucabe1 ! place ( ! />1 t true ,/> ( ,be?lehem :i* nev] ceas$ its cle> %9+ = him till he came unto ! p]fect day4#ca #ca ,! "q ( ! site ( ! conv]sion is discuss$ at l5g? 9 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 *4 v41 p4 #di4 ,,iv4 ,la/ly we h ! actual conv]sion ( ! ,apo/le & ! circum/ances ( x4 ,we h m5tion made 9 ?is connexion ( ! light1 ! voice1 & ! conv]sation4 ,^! lead+ circum/ances are describ$ 9 exactly ! same way 9 ! ?ree great acc\nts 9 ! n9?1 9 ! tw5ty-second1 & 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt]s4 ,!re are m9ute diff]5ces betwe5 !m1 b only su* diff]5ces z are natural betwe5 ! v]bal descriptions giv5 at diff]5t times by a tru?ful & vigor\s speak]1 :o1 consci\s ( hone/ purpose1 did n /op to weigh 8 e ^w4 ,all ?ree acc\nts tell ( ! light2 !y all agree on t4 ,/4 ,paul 9 8 spee*es at ,j]usalem unhesitat+ly decl>es t ! light :i* he beheld 0 a sup]natural "o1 above ! brightness1 ! fi]ce1 intol]able brightness ( a ,syrian sun at midday2 & boldly ass]ts t ! att5dants & escort :o 7 ) him saw ! light4 ,^? :o disbelieve 9 ! sup]natural reject1 ( c\rse1 ?is ass]tion1 & resolve ! light into a fa9t+ fit br\ght ^u ,saul by ! burn+ heat1 or into a pass+ sirocco bla/ f ! ,arabian des]t4 ,b ! s9c]e & humble believ] may fairly ask1 ,c\ld a fa9t+ fit or a brea? ( hot w9d *ange a man :o _h /ood out aga9/ ,/eph5's eloqu5ce & ,/eph5's dea? & ! witness$ suff]+s & pati5ce display$ by ! multitudes ( m5 & wom5 :om he _h pursu$ unto ! dea?8 ,b x is n our purpose to discuss ^! que/ions 9 any controv]sial _s4 ,"t & space w\ld fail to treat ( !m aright1 specially z !y h be5 fully discuss$ already 9 works l ,"l ,lyttelton on ! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1 :olly devot$ to su* aspects ( ^! ev5ts4#cb ,b1 look+ at !m f a believ]'s po9t ( view1 we c see good reasons :y ! sup]natural light %\ld h be5 grant$4 ,next to ! life & dea? & resurrection ( our ,"l1 ! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul 0 ! mo/ important ev5t ! _w ev] saw4 ,our ,"l made to ! fi]y p]secutor a special revelation ( ,himself 9 ! mode ( ,8 exi/5ce 9 ! unse5 _w1 9 ! reality1 tru?1 & fulness ( ,8 humanity1 su* z ,he nev] made to any o!r human be+4 ,! special "* ( ! revelation %[s ! importance t ,*ri/ atta*$ to ! p]son & ! p]sonal "* ( him :o 0 ! object ( t revelation4 ,j1 !n1 z we ma9ta9 t !re 0 a fitness :5 !re 0 an ,inc>nation ( ,god t miracles %\ld att5d x2 s1 too1 :5 ! greate/ in/rum5t & ag5t 9 propagat+ a k ( t ,inc>nation 0 to be conv]t$1 x 0 natural t a sup]natural ag5cy %\ld h be5 employ$4 ,& !n :5 ! dev\t m9d surveys ! records ( ,scripture h[ simil> we see ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion to h be5 to o!r great conv]sions4 ,moses is conv]t$ f m]e worldly ?\ghts & pa/oral lab\rs on :i* 8 s\l is b5t1 & s5t back to tasks :i* he _h ab&on$ = =ty ye>s1 to ! great "w ( free+ ! p ( ,god & lead+ !m to ! ,l& ( ,promise2 & !n a vision is grant$1 :]e light1 a sup]natural light1 ! light ( ! burn+ bu%1 is manife/$4 ,isaiah & ,daniel _h visions grant$ to !m :5 a great "w 0 to be done & a great witness _h to be borne1 & sup]natural light & glory play$ a great "p 9 _! cases4#cc ,:5 ! ,"l 0 born 9 ,be?lehem1 & ! revelation ( ! ,inc>nate ,god _h to be made to humble fai? & l[ly piety1 !n ! glory ( ! ,"l1 a light f out ,god's secret temple1 %one =? to lead ! wor%ipp]s to ,be?lehem4 ,& s1 too1 9 ,/4 ,paul's case2 a _w's spiritual welf>e 0 at /ake1 a crisis 9 ! _w's spiritual hi/ory1 a great turn+-po9t 9 ! ,div9e plan ( salvation _h arriv$1 & x 0 mo/ fitt+ t ! veil :i* %r\ds ! unse5 f mortal gaze %\ld be drawn back = a mom5t1 & t n ,saul alone b 8 att5dants %\ld /& a/oni%$ at ! glory ( ! light above ! brightness ( ! sun :i* accompani$ ,*ri/'s manife/ation4#cd #cb ,"l ,lyttelton's ,obs]vations on ! ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul is a "w n[ almo/ unkn[n to ord9>y /ud5ts ( ! ,bible4 ,x 0 writt5 9 ! reign ( ,george ,,ii4 by ! ,"l ,lyttelton ( t day fam\s z a hi/orian & a poet4 ,dr4 ,johnson said ( x t x is a treatise to :i* infidelity has nev] be5 able to fabricate a speci\s answ]4 ,x w be f\nd repr9t$ 9 a *eap & h&y %ape by ! ,religi\s ,tract ,society1 ) a valuable preface by ! well-kn[n ,h5ry ,rog]s4 ,"l ,lyttelton t\*es ^u ! subject ( ! light se5 by ,/4 ,paul on p4 #afd1 & !n adds1 ,t ,god %\ld "w miracles = ! e/abli%m5t ( a mo/ holy religion :i*1 f ! insup]able difficulties t /ood 9 ! way ( x1 c\ld n h e/abli%$ itself )\t su* an assi/ance1 is no way repugnant to human reason2 b t )\t any miracles su* ?+s 7z ! light above ! brightness ( ! sun & ,/4 ,paul's bl9dness7 %\ld h happ5$ z no adequate natural causes c be assign$ = is :at human reason _c believe4 #cc ,see ,exod4 iii41 ,isa4 vi41 & ,dan4 x4 #cd ,"h x may be well to po9t out t p %\ld n fancy t _! own spiritual exp]i5ce mu/ necess>ily be l ,/4 ,paul's4 ,"s p]sons h tr\bl$ !mselves because !y c\ld n say t !y _h pass$ exactly ?r\gh ! same religi\s feel+s & /ruggles z ,/4 ,paul's4 ,b z no two leaves are alike & z no two c>e]s are exactly p>allel1 s no two spiritual exp]i5ces are exactly ! same4 ,! true c\rse = any individual to adopt is n to /rive & see :e!r ,god's deal+s ) himself & ! response :i* 8 own _s has made to ! ,div9e ,voice h be5 exactly l ^? ( o!rs4 ,8 true c\rse is r to /rive & asc]ta9 :e!r he is n[ really foll[+1 obey+1 & lov+ ,god4 ,he may leave all inquiry z to ! me?ods by :i* ,god has guid$ 8 s\l into ! pa?s ( peace to be h]eaft] resolv$ 9 ! cle> light ( et]nity4 ,"s ,god awak5s1 z ,he did ,/4 ,paul1 by an awful cata/rophe2 o!rs gr[ up be=e ,him f infancy l ,samuel & ,timo?y2 o!rs ,god gradually *anges f s9 & worldl9ess to peace & righte\sness1 l ,jacob ( old "t4 ,!n1 aga91 we h ! voice t 0 he>d4 ,difficulties h be5 also rais$ 9 ?is direction4 ,9 ! n9? *apt] ,/4 ,luke /ates t ! att5dant escort he>d a voice2 9 ! tw5ty-second *apt] ,/4 ,paul /ates !y t 7 ) me beheld inde$ ! light1 b !y he>d n ! voice ( ,him t spake to me4 ,?is inconsi/5cy is1 h[ev]1 a m]e surface "o4 ,j z x 0 9 ! case ( our ,"l ,himself report$ 9 ,john xii4 #bh1 #bi1 :]e ! multitude he>d a voice b und]/ood n its mean+1 "s say+ t x ?und]$1 o!rs t an angel _h spok51 :ile ,*ri/ alone und]/ood & int]pret$ x2 s x 0 9 ,/4 ,paul's case2 ! escort he>d a noise1 b ! ,apo/le alone und]/ood ! s\nds1 & = him alone !y =m$ articulate words1 by him alone 0 he>d ! voice ( ,him t spake4 ,& ! cause ( ?is is expla9$ by ,/4 ,paul himself 9 *apt] xxvi41 v]se #ad1 :]e he tells ,k+ ,agrippa t ! voice spake to him 9 ! ,hebrew tongue1 ! anci5t ,hebrew t is1 :i* ,/4 ,paul z a le>n$ rabb9ical s*ol> c\ld und]/&1 b :i* convey$ no mean+ to ! memb]s ( ! temple-police1 ! s]vants1 & con/ables ( ! ,sanh$r9 :o accompani$ him4#ce ,_m o!r que/ions h "h be5 rais$ & difficulties )\t end prop\nd$1 because we are deal+ ) a region ( man's nature & ( ,god's doma91 :]e) we h b little acqua9tance & to :i* ! laws ( ord9>y philosophy d n apply4 ,0 ! voice :i* ,paul he>d1 0 ! vision ( ,*ri/ grant$ to him1 subjective or objective8 is1 = in/ance1 "o ( su* idle qu]ies4 ,we "k1 inde$1 t ^! t]ms subjective & objective h a mean+ = ord9>y life4 ,subjective 9 su* a connexion means t :i* has its orig91 its rise1 its exi/5ce :olly )9 man's s\l2 objective t :i* comes f )\t & has its orig9 outside man's nature4 ,objective1 d\btless1 ,/4 ,paul's revelation 0 9 ?is s5se4 ,8 revelation mu/ h come f outside1 or else h[ d we acc\nt = ! conv]sion ( ! p]secut+ ,sanh$ri/1 & t 9 a mom5t8 ,he _h )/ood e o!r influ5ce1 & n[ he yields himself 9 a mom5t ! lifelong will+ captive ( ,*ri/ :5 no human voice or argum5t or pres5ce is ne>4 ,b !n1 if ask$ h[ did he see ,*ri/ :5 he 0 bl9d$ ) ! heav5ly glory8 h[ did he speak to ,*ri/ :5 ev5 ! escort /ood spee*less8 we confess !n t we are l&$ 9 a region ( :i* we are totally ignorant & are m]ely /riv+ to intrude into ! ?+s unse54 ,b :o is !re t w n[ ass]t t ! human eye is ! only organ by :i* man c see8 t ! human tongue is ! only organ by :i* ! _s c conv]se8 ,! inve/igations ( mod]n psy*ology h taught m5 to be some:at m mode/ ?an !y 7 a g5]ation or two ago1 :5 man 9 8 conceit ?\ght t he _h ga9$ ! v utmo/ limits ( sci5ce & ( k4 ,^! inve/igations h l$ m5 to realise t !re are va/ tracts ( an unkn[n c\ntry1 man's spiritual & m5tal nature1 yet to be explor$1 & ev5 !n !re mu/ always rema9 regions :]e no human /ud5t c ev] v5ture & :5ce no travell] c ev] return to tell ! tale4 ,b all ^! regions are subject to ,god's absolute sway1 & va9 w be our ef=ts to det]m9e ! me?ods ( 8 actions 9 a sph]e ( :i* we are well-nigh completely ignorant4 ,= ! ,*ri/ian x w be suffici5t to accept on ! te/imony ( ,/4 ,paul1 confirm$ by ,ananias1 8 e>lie/ ,*ri/ian tea*]1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 se5 by him1#cf & t a voice 0 he>d = ! fir/ "t 9 ! sil5ce ( 8 s\l :i* nev] ceas$ to speak until ! ?+s ( "t & s5se 7 ex*ang$ = ! full fruition ( ,*ri/'s glori\s pres5ce4 #ce ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,abbott1 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 9 a le>n$ "w1 ,biblical ,essays1 lately publi%$1 pp4 #adb & #adf1 po9ts out t ! l[] classes ( ! ,jewi% population did n und]/& ! anci5t ,hebrew1 a k ( :i* 0 9 8 op9ion conf9$ to a few s*ol>s4 ,cf4 also p4 #afh1 :]e he writes1 ,x des]ves to be notic$ t = ! va/ majority ( ! ,pale/9ians ! ,greek ,bible 0 ! only "o accessible4 ,! k ( ! anci5t ,hebrew 0 conf9$ to a few s*ol>s1 9 addition to :i* ! ,hebrew books 7 extremely exp5sive4 #cf ,!re is no?+ ab\t ,/4 ,paul's see+ ! ,"l 9 ! n>rative ( ! conv]sion 9 ,acts ix4 #d-g2 b ,/4 ,paul ass]ts t he saw ,*ri/1 9 8 spee* be=e ,agrippa1 :5 he repres5ts our ,"l z say+ 7xxvi4 #af73 ,= to ?is end h ,i appe>$ unto !e to appo9t !e a m9i/]1 etc4 ,& aga9 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #h1 ,& la/ ( all1 z unto "o born out ( due "t1 ,he appe>$ to me also2 ) :i* %\ld be comp>$ ! words ( ,ananias 7ix4 #ag73 ,! ,"l :o appe>$ unto !e 9 ! way :i* ?\ came/2 & ^? ( ,b>nabas 7ix4 #bg73 ,b ,b>nabas decl>$ unto !m h[ ,saul _h se5 ! ,"l 9 ! way4 ,! read] w\ld d well to consult ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 *4 iv41 p4 #ej1 = a le>n$ note conc]n+ ! app>5t inconsi/5cies 9 ! v>i\s n>ratives ( ! conv]sion4 ,& !n1 la/ly1 we h ! conv]sation held ) ! trembl+ p5it5t4 ,/4 ,luke's acc\nt ( x 9 ! n9? *apt] is mu* brief] ?an ,/4 ,paul's own full] /atem5t 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt]1 & mu* ( x w mo/ naturally come "u our notice at a subsequ5t p]iod4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we note ! expressive fact t ! v "n by :i* ! future apo/le 0 address$ by ! ,"l 0 ,hebrew3 ,saul1 ,saul1 :y p]secute/ ?\ ,me4 ,x is a po9t t our ,engli% translation _c br+ out1 no matt] h[ accurate4 ,9 ! n>rative hi!rto ! "n us$ has be5 ! ,greek =m1 & he has be5 regul>ly call$ 4 ,b n[ ! ,"l appeals to ! v f\ndations ( 8 religi\s life1 & ?r[s him back ^u ! ?\ght & manife/ation ( ,god z reveal$ ( old "t to ,8 greate/ lead] & *ampion "u ! old cov5ant1 to ,moses 9 ! bu%2 & s ,*ri/ uses n 8 ,greek "n b ! ,hebrew1 1 4 ,!n we h ,/4 ,paul's qu]y1 ,:o art ,?\1 ,"l8 c\pl$ ) our ,"l's reply1 ,i am ,jesus :om ?\ p]secute/1 or1 z ,/4 ,paul himself puts x 9 ,acts xxii4 #h1 ,i am ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :om ?\ p]secute/4 ,anci5t expositors h well not$ ! import ( ?is language4 ,saul asks :o is speak+ to him1 & ! answ] is n1 ,! ,et]nal ,^w :o is f ev]la/+1 ! ,son ( ! ,inf9ite ,"o :o rule? 9 ! heav5s4 ,saul w\ld h ackn[l$g$ at once t 8 ef=ts 7 n aim$ at ,him4 ,b ! speak] cuts "r across ! l9e ( ,saul's prejudices & feel+s1 = ,he says1 ,i am ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :om y hate s int5sely & aga9/ :om all y\r ef=ts are aim$1 emphasiz+ ^? po9ts aga9/ :i* 8 ,ph>isaic prejudices mu/ h mo/ ( all revolt$4 ,z an anci5t ,engli% comm5tator :o liv$ m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago1 treat+ ( ?is passage1 rem>ks ) pr(\nd spiritual insight1 ,saul is call$ 9 ^! words to view ! dep?s ( ,*ri/'s humiliation t he may lay aside ! scales ( 8 own spiritual pride4#cg ,& !n f9ally we h ,*ri/ id5tify+ ,himself ) ,8 p1 & e*o+ = u f heav5 ! language & tea*+ ,he _h us$ ^u e>?4 ,i am ,jesus ( ,naz>e? :om ?\ p]secute/ are words embody+ exactly ! same tea*+ z ! solemn language 9 ! p>able ( ! ,judgm5t sc5e conta9$ 9 ,mat!w xxv4 #ca-df3 ,inasmu* z ye did x unto "o ( ^! ,my bre?r51 ye did x unto ,me4 ,*ri/ & ,8 p are ev]more "o2 _! trials are ,8 trials1 _! sorr[s are ,8 sorr[s1 _! /r5g? is ,8 /r5g?4 ,:at m>vell\s p[] to su/a9 ! s\l1 to confirm ! weakness1 to support & quick5 ! fa9t+ c\rage ( ,*ri/'s p1 we f9d 9 ?is expression1 ,i am ,jesus :om ?\ p]secute/6 ,!y enable u to und]/& ! undaunt$ _s :i* h5ce=? animat$ ! new conv]t1 & decl>e ! secret spr+ ( ^? triumphant expressions1 ,9 all ^! ?+s we are m ?an conqu]ors1 ,?anks be to ,god :i* give? u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,if ,*ri/ 9 ! supra-s5su\s _w & we 9 ! _w ( "t are et]nally "o1 :at matt] ! *anges & *ances ( e>?1 ! p]secutions & trials ( "t8 ,!y may inflict ^u u a little tempor>y inconv5i5ce1 b !y are all %>$ by ,"o ^: love makes !m ,8 own & ^: grace amply su/a9s u b5ea? _! burd54 ,*ri/'s p fa9t n !re=e1 = !y are look+ n at ! ?+s se51 :i* are temporal1 b at ! ?+s unse51 :i* are et]nal4 #cg ,see ,cornelius ,lapide on ,acts ix4 #e1 quot+ f ,b$e2 & ,/4 ,*ryso/om 9 ,cram]'s ,cat5a1 p4 #aeb1 z quot$ 9 ,conybe>e & ,h[son's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 *4 iii41 p4 #aaa 7,london1 #ahgg74 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,new ,,conv]t ,,& ,,8 ,,human ,,tea*]4 ,n[ !re 0 a c]ta9 disciple at ,damascus1 nam$ ,ananias2 & ! ,"l said unto him 9 a vision1 ,ananias4 ,& he said1 ,behold1 ,i am "h1 ,"l4 ,& ! ,"l said unto him1 ,arise1 & g to ! /reet :i* is call$ ,/raight1 & inquire 9 ! h\se ( ,judas = "o nam$ ,saul1 a man ( ,t>sus3 = behold1 he praye?4--,,acts ix4 #aj1 #aa4 ,saul ( ,t>sus 0 conv]t$ outside ! city1 b ! "w 0 only begun !re4 ,*ri/ w\ld put hon\r ^u ! "w ( human m9i/ry1 & !re=e ,he directs ! /rick5 s9n] to cont9ue 8 j\rney & ent] into ,damascus1 :]e he %\ld be in/ruct$ 9 8 future c\rse ( action1 ?\gh ,*ri/ ,himself might h told him all t 0 ne$ful4 ,x 0 mu* ! same on ! occasion ( ! s-call$ conv]sion ( ,cornelius1 ! pi\s c5turion4#ch ,! ,"l made a revelation to ! c5turion1 b x 0 only a revelation direct+ him to s5d = ,pet] :o %\ld in/ruct him 9 ! way ( salvation4 ,god in/itut$ a human m9i/ry t man might ga9 light & k by ! means & assi/ance ( 8 bro!r-man1 & !re=e 9 bo? cases ! ,"l po9ts ! anxi\s inquir] to m5 l !mselves1 :o c\ld speak to !m 9 ,*ri/'s /ead & guide !m into full] k4 ,:y c\ld n ,*ri/ h reveal$ ! :ole /ory ( ,8 life1 ! full mean+ ( ,8 doctr9e1 )\t human aid or int]v5tion1 save t ,he wi%$1 ev5 9 ! v case ( ! mess5g] ^: call & apo/le%ip 7 nei!r by man nor ?r\gh man1 to hon\r ! human ag5cy :i* ,he _h orda9$ = ! dissem9ation & e/abli%m5t ( ! gospel4 ,if imm$iate revelation & ! consci\s pres5ce ( ,god & ! direct "w ( ! ,_s c\ld ev] h absolv$ p5it5t s9n]s f us+ a human m9i/ry & seek+ direction & help f mortals l !mselves1 surely x 0 9 ! cases ( ,saul ( ,t>sus & ,cornelius ( ,cs>ea2 & yet 9 bo? cases a v important portion ( ! revelation made consi/$ 9 a simple intimation :]e human assi/ance c\ld be f\nd4#ci #ch ,conv]sion is sc>cely a fit ^w to apply to ! ,"l's deal+s ) ,cornelius4 ,he _h evid5tly be5 conv]t$ long be=e ! angelic message & ,pet]'s prea*+1 else :5ce 8 pray]s & devotion8 ,! ,"l simply made by ,/4 ,pet] a full] revelation ( ,8 w to a s\l long+ to "k m ( ,god4 #ci ,we %\ld c>efully obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! cases ( ,cornelius & ,saul4 ,an angel appe>$ to ,cornelius1 ,*ri/ ,himself to ,saul4 ,/4 ,pet] is s5t to ,cornelius to in/ruct him 9 ! revelation made by ,*ri/4 ,t revelation 0 made by ,*ri/ ,himself to ,saul 9 ! vision by ! way1 dur+ ! ?ree days ( 8 bl9dness1 & probably dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,arabia4 ,ananias 0 s5t to ,saul m]ely to baptize him1 & pr$ict 8 future4 ,ent] into ! city & !re x %all be told !e :at ?\ %alt d1 is our ,"l's direction to ,saul4 ,/4 ,paul's k ( ,*ri/ 0 nei!r by man nor ?r\gh man4 ,8 k ev5 ab\t ! in/itution ( ! sacram5ts 0 by imm$iate revelation3 see #a ,cor4 xi4 #bc4 ,saul aft] ! vision rose up f ! e>? & 0 l$ by ! h& into ,damascus4 ,he 0 !re ?ree days )\t sight1 :]e9 he nei!r did eat nor dr9k4 ,?is p]iod ( 8 life & ?is t]rible exp]i5ce is reg>d$ by _m z ! "t to :i* may be trac$ ! weakness ( eyesight & ! delicate vision "u :i* he ev] aft]w>ds suff]$4 ,! "q has (t5 be5 rais$1 ,:at 0 ,/4 ,paul's ?orn1 or r /ake1 9 ! fle%8 ,v>i\s op9ions h be5 haz>d$1 b t :i* seems to me mo/ likely to be true id5tifies ! ?orn or /ake ) sev]e oph?almia4 ,six sub/antial reasons are br\ght =w>d by ,ar*deacon ,f>r> 9 def5ce ( ?is view4 7#a7 ,:5 writ+ to ! ,galatians ,/4 ,paul implies t 8 infirmity might well h made him an object ( loa?+ to !m2 & ?is is specially ! case ) oph?almia 9 ! ,ea/ 7see ,gal4 iv4 #ad74 7#b7 ,?is supposition aga9 gives a deep] mean+ to ! ,apo/le's words to ^! same ,galatians t !y w\ld at ! beg9n+ ( _! ,*ri/ian c>e] h pluck$ out _! eyes to place !m at 8 s]vice 7,gal4 iv4 #ae74 7#c7 ,! t]m a /ake 9 ! fle% is q appropriate to ! disease1 :i* imp>ts to ! eyes ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 w\nd$ by a %>p spl9t]4 7#d7 ,oph?almia ( t k9d might h caus$ epilepsy4 7#e7 ,x w\ld expla9 ! words ,see ) h[ l>ge lett]s ,i h writt5 unto y ) m9e own h&1 z a natural ref]5ce to ! difficulties ! ,apo/le exp]i5c$ 9 writ+1 & w\ld acc\nt = 8 con/ant use ( amanu5ses or secret>ies 9 writ+ 8 ,epi/les1 z not$1 = in/ance1 9 ,romans xvi4 #bb & impli$ 9 #a ,cor9?ians xvi4 #ba4 7#f7 ,oph?almia w\ld acc\nt = ,/4 ,paul's ignorance ( ! p]son ( ! high prie/ 7,acts xxiii4 #e74dj ,?is "q has1 h[ev]1 be5 a moot po9t s9ce ! days ( ! second c5tury1 :5 ,ir5u ( ,lyons discuss$ x 9 8 great "w aga9/ ,h]esies1 book v41 *4 iii41 & ,t]tullian sugge/$ t ,/4 ,paul's /ake 9 ! fle% 0 simply an exagg]at$ head-a*e or e>-a*e4#da #dj ,see ,t]tullian's ,de ,pudicitia1 #ac1 & comp>e ,bi%op ,lightfoot's ,galatians1 p4 #ahc note4 #da ,see ,dr4 ,f>r>'s long ,excursus ,x41 vol4 i41 p4 #feb1 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 = a discussion ( ?is "q4 ,!re is a portrait ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 ii41 #baj1 :i* %[s him z ble>-ey$4 ,x is engrav$ f a ,roman dipty* ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,lightfoot takes q ano!r view ( ! ?orn 9 8 ,galatians1 pp4 #ahc-h4 ,let u n[1 h[ev]1 turn to ! m c]ta9 facts br\ght be=e u 9 ! words ( ! sacr$ n>rative4 ,/4 ,paul 0 l$ by ! h& into ,damascus j z aft]w>ds1 on acc\nt1 d\btless1 ( ! same bodily infirmity dat+ f ?is crisis1 he 0 s5t =? to g z f> z to ! sea1 & !n 0 conduct$ z f> z ,a!ns 7cf4 ,acts xvii4 #aj1 #ad1 #ae74 ,f ?is "t =? ! k9dly assi/ance ( fri5ds & companions became absolutely necess>y to ! ,apo/le if 8 foot/eps 7 to be guid$ aright1 & h5ce x is t he felt solitude su* z he endur$ at ,a!ns a v try+ "t because he _h no s5se ( security :5ev] he v5tur$ to walk abroad4 ,he became1 9 fact1 a bl9d man /riv+ to ?read 8 way ?r\gh ! cr[d$ footpa?s ( life4 ,! high prie/'s commiss>y mu/ !n h drawn ne> to ,damascus "u v diff]5t circum/ances f ^? :i* fancy pictur$ = him a few days be=e4 ,we "k n by :at gate he ent]$ ! city4 ,we only "k t he made 8 way to ! h\se ( ,judas1 :]e he rema9$ = ?ree days & ?ree nights1 ) 8 :ole s\l s wrapt up 9 ! wond]s reveal$ to him t he _h no ?\ghts = bodily wants & no s5se ( _! dem&s4 ,! sacr$ n>rative has be5 amply v9dicat$ s f> z its topographical accuracy is conc]n$4 ,saul1 z he 0 l$ by ! h&1 in/ruct$ 8 escort to g to ! h\se ( ,judas1 a lead+ man we may be sure among ! ,jews ( ,damascus4 ,he dwelt 9 ,/raight ,/reet1 & t /reet rema9s to-day1 z 9 ,/4 ,paul's "t1 a ?or\ghf>e runn+ 9 a direct l9e f ! ea/]n to ! we/]n gate ( ! city4 ,l all ,ori5tal cities :i* h fall5 "u ,turki% dom9ion1 ,damascus no long] pres5ts ! /ately1 well-pres]v$1 & fl\ri%+ aspect :i* x _h 9 ,roman times2 &1 9 keep+ ) ! re/ ( ! city1 ,/raight ,/reet has lo/ a great deal ( ! magnific5t proportions :i* x once possess$4 ,/raight ,/reet 9 ,/4 ,paul's day ext5d$ f ! ea/]n to ! we/]n gate1 completely int]sect+ ! city4 ,x !n 0 a noble ?or\ghf>e "o hundr$ feet broad1 divid$ by ,cor9?ian colonnades into ?ree av5ues1 ! c5tral "o = foot pass5g]s1 ! side passages = *>iots & horses go+ 9 opposite directions4 ,x 0 to a h\se 9 ?is pr9cipal /reet 9 ! city1 ! habitation ( an opul5t & di/+ui%$ ,jew1 t ! escort br\ght ! bl9d emiss>y ( ! ,sanh$r91 & "h !y left him to await ! developm5t ( ,god's purposes4#db #db ,9 ! ,roman age1 & up to ! p]iod ( ! 7,mahometan7 ,conque/1 a noble /reet ext5d$ 9 a /raight l9e f ,bab-el-,jabyah 7! ,we/ gate7 to ,bab ,%urky 7! ,ea/ gate71 ?us completely int]sect+ ! city4 ,x 0 divid$ by ,cor9?ian colonnades into ?ree av5ues1 ( :i* ! c5tral 0 = foot pass5g]s1 & ( ! o!rs "o 0 us$ = *>iots & horsem5 proce$+ ea/w>d1 & ! second = ^? go+ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,i h be5 enabl$ to trace ! rema9s ( ! colonnades at v>i\s places ov] ne>ly "o-?ird ( ! l5g? ( ?is /reet4 ,:]ev] excavations are made 9 ! l9e fragm5ts ( columns are f\nd 9 situ1 at ! dep?1 9 "s places1 ( t5 feet & m bel[ ! pres5t surface1 s great has be5 ! accumulation ( rubbi% dur+ ! c\rse ( ages4 ,!re c sc>cely be a d\bt t ?is is '! /reet call$ ,/raight' ref]r$ to 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,its extreme l5g? is ab\t an ,engli% mile1 & its bread? mu/ h exce$$ #ajj feet4--,,port]',s ,damascus1 p4 #dg4 ,i4 ,let u n[ consid] ! p]sons :i* clu/] r\nd ! new conv]t1 & specially ! ag5t :om ,*ri/ us$ 9 ! reception ( ,saul into ! ,*ur*1 & see :at ,scripture or tradition tells ab\t !m4 ,"o man /&s prom95t2 8 "n 0 ,ananias1 a common "o en\gh among ! ,jews1 z ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les has already %[n u1 = :5 we h survey$ ! fir/ beg9n+s ( s9 & moral failure 9 ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* we h f\nd t an ,ananias ) ,sapphira 8 wife 0 connect$ !re)4#dc ,?is ,ananias ( ,damascus des]ves special att5tion1 = 8 case reveals to u a good deal ( primitive ,*ur* hi/ory & is connect$ ) _m anci5t traditions4 ,let u fir/ /rive to ga9 all ! in=mation we c ab\t him f ! direct /atem5ts ( ,scripture & ! necess>y or legitimate d$uctions f ! same4 ,ananias 0 a ,*ri/ian ,jew ( ,damascus4 ,he mu/ h held a lead+ position 9 ! local ,*ri/ian ,assembly 9 t city1 )9 five ye>s ( ! ,asc5sion1 = n only did our ,"l select him z ,8 ag5t or m$ium ( communication :5 deal+ ) ! new conv]t1 b ,ananias 0 well acqua9t$1 by in=mation d]iv$ f _m p]sons1 ) ! c\rse ( conduct pursu$ at ,j]usalem by ,saul1 & knew ( ! commission lately intru/$ to him by ! high prie/4 ,ananias 0 probably ! head or *ief tea*] ( ! local ,*ri/ian or ,naz>5e synagogue4 ,at ! same "t he 0 also 9 all probability "o ( ! orig9al company ( ,j]usalem ,*ri/ians :o _h be5 scatt]$ abroad by ! fir/ great p]secution4 ,we are told 9 ,acts xi4 #ai t !y t 7 scatt]$ abroad ^u ! tribulation t arose ab\t ,/eph5 travell$ z f> z ,phnicia1 & ,cyprus1 & ,antio*1 speak+ ! ^w to none save only to ,jews4 ,ananias 0 probably "o ( ^! fugitives f ,j]usalem :o came to ,damascus1 & !re s\ght refuge f ! rage ( ! de/roy]4 ,/4 ,paul himself tells u ( ! "* :i* ,ananias su/a9$ at ,damascus3 ,he 0 a dev\t man accord+ to ! law1 well report$ ( by all ! ,jews t dwell !re 7*4 xxii4 #ab74 ,x is ! "* giv5 ( ,za*>ias1 & ,elisabe?1 & ( ,simeon4 ,ananias 01 l all ! e>lie/ disciples1 a rigid obs]v] ( ! m9ute/ p>ticul>s ( ,jewi% ord9ances1 ?\gh he & !y alike re/$ ^u ,*ri/ alone z _! hope ( salvation4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 ! ,scriptures tell u no?+ save t we c easily see f ! words ( ! v>i\s n>ratives ( ! conv]sion t ,ananias 0 a man ( t cle> fai?1 t deep spiritual life :i* enjoy$ p]petual conv]se ) ! ,unse54 ,he 0 n p]turb$ nor dismay$ :5 ,*ri/ reveal$ ,himself4 ,he conv]s$ calmly ) ! heav5ly ,visitor1 rais$ 8 objections1 receiv$ _! solution1 & !n dep>t$ 9 humble ob$i5ce to fulfil ! mission committ$ to him4 ,!re is a m>vell\s /r5g? & p[] = ! man ( any age :o lives1 z ,ananias did1 ) a cle> vision ( ! et]nal _w con/antly visible to ! spiritual eye4 ,life or dea?1 ?+s pres5t or ?+s to come1 ! _w temporal or ! _w spiritual1 all are "o to him :o lives 9 ! light ( ,god's c\nt5ance & walks b5ea? ! %ad[ ( ,8 w+2 = he feels & kn[s t und]nea? are ! ev]la/+ ,arms1 & he !re=e dis*>ges 8 tasks ) an assur$ calmness1 a quiet dignity1 a heav5ly /r5g? ( :i* ! tempe/-toss$ & fev]i% *ildr5 ( "t "k no?+4 ,beyond ^! facts & ^! traits ( "*1 :i* we c read betwe5 ! l9es ( ,holy ,scripture1 we are told no?+ ( ,ananias4#dd ,b tradition has n be5 s retic5t4 ,! anci5t ,*ur* delight$ to ga!r up e notice & e /ory conc]n+ ! e>ly soldi]s ( ! ,cross1 & ,ananias ( ,damascus 0 n =gott54 ,! ,m>tyrologies bo? ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,*ur*es give u long acc\nts ( him4 ,!y tell t he 0 born 9 ,damascus1 & make him "o ( ! sev5ty disciples1 :i* is n at all improbable4 ,!n !y describe him at "o "t z bi%op1 at ano!r "t z a simple presbyt]1 ( ! ,*ur* at ,damascus4 ,!y relate 8 abundant lab\rs at ,damascus & 9 ! neighb\r+ cities1 t]m9at+ ) 8 m>tyrdom "u a ,roman prefect call$ ,lucian4#de ,b ^! details1 ?\gh !y may l5d col\r to ! picture1 add no?+ ( spiritual significance to ! in=mation v\*saf$ 9 ,scripture4 #dc ,josephus1 9 8 ,antiquities1 xx41 #bc1 tells u ( an ,ananias1 a ,jewi% m]*ant1 :o 0 in/rum5tal 9 ! conv]sion ( ,hel5a1 ,que5 ( ,adiab5e4 ,! "n ,ananias signifies ,pleas+ to ,god4 ,ananias 0 also ! "n ( ! mess5g] :o is said to h convey$ ! pret5d$ lett] ( ,abg>1 ,k+ ( ,edessa1 to ,*ri/4 ,see ,! ,apocryphal ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 by ,r4 ,a4 ,lipsius 7,leipsic1 #ahia71 p4 #bgd4 #dd ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 9 8 ,homilies on ! ,acts1 notes ! spiritual em95ce ( ?is hidd5 & unkn[n disciple4 ,9 8 n9ete5? ,homily he obs]ves t :5 ,/4 ,philip1 "o ( ! sev51 0 s5t to baptize ! eunu*1 ,*ri/ did n appe> b m]ely s5t an angel to ! evangeli/2 b ,*ri/ ,himself appe>$ to ,ananias1 & op5$ out ,8 :ole w to him ab\t ! future ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,8 conv]sation ) our ,"l 01 too1 t ( "o accu/om$ to ,div9e visitations & communion ) ,heav54 ,see ,massutius on ! ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 p4 #ajg4 ,massutius 0 a ,jesuit comm5tator1 ^: writ+s are (t5 ri* 9 spiritual sugge/iv5ess4 ,he publi%$ 8 ,vita ,s4 ,pauli ,apo/oli 9 #afcc4 ,9 ! fir/ & n9? *apt]s ( ! second book he has _m acute & le>n$ rem>ks ^u ,ananias & 8 hi/ory4 ,! calm+ effect ^u life's fev] ( spiritual religion & close conv]se ) ,god is a po9t (t5 dwelt ^u 9 ,scripture4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t prophets knew ?is secret ( a peaceful life "r well4 ,isaiah (t5 s+s ( x1 z 9 *4 xii4 #b1 ,behold1 ,god is my salvation2 ,i w tru/1 & n be afraid2 9 *4 xxvi4 #c1 ,?\ wilt keep him 9 p]fect peace1 ^: m9d is /ay$ on ,!e2 9 *4 xxviii4 #af1 ,he t believe? %all n make ha/e2 9 *4 xl4 #ca1 ,!y t wait ^u ! ,"l %all r5ew _! /r5g?2 !y %all m\nt up ) w+s z eagles2 !y %all run1 & n be we>y2 !y %all walk1 & n fa9t4 ,habakkuk proclaims x 9 *4 iii4 #ag3 ,= ?\gh ! fig tree %all n blossom1 nei!r %all fruit be 9 ! v9es2 ! lab\r ( ! olive %all fail1 & ! fields %all yield no meat2 ! flock %all be cut (f f ! fold1 & !re %all be no h]d 9 ! /alls3 yet ,i w rejoice 9 ! ,"l1 ,i w joy 9 ! ,god ( my salvation4 ,a /ra9 :i* ,/4 ,paul takes up 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,philippians :5 he bids !m 7*4 iv4 #f71 ,9 no?+ be anxi\s2 b 9 ev]y?+ by pray] & supplication ) ?anksgiv+ let y\r reque/s be made kn[n unto ,god2 to :i* he adds ! promise1 n t _! reque/s %all be answ]$1 = t w\ld (t5 be v un=tunate1 b ! mu* m consol+ "o1 ,& ! peace ( ,god1 :i* passe? all und]/&+1 %all gu>d y\r he>ts & y\r ?\ghts 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,h[ mu* calm] & sweet] life w\ld be did ,*ri/'s p ?us realise _! privileges z ,god's anci5t s]vants did6 ,n9ety p] c5t4 ( life's worries & anxieties w\ld ?us pass away = ev]4 ,alas6 h[ pagan nom9al ,*ri/ians are 9 ?is respect6 #de ,see1 = bo? ! ,greek & ,lat9 /ories ab\t ,ananias1 ,acta ,sanctorum1 ,ed4 ,boll&41 #be ,jan41 ii41 #fac4 ,judas1 into ^: h\se ,saul 0 receiv$1 is ano!r p]son br\ght be=e u1 ^u :om a c]ta9 et]nity ( fame has be5 be/[$ by 8 tempor>y connexion ) ! ,apo/le4 ,he mu/ h be5 a man ( position & weal? among ! ,jews ( ,damascus to receive ! (ficial repres5tative & deputy ( ! high prie/4 ,x is possible t he may h be5 numb]$ among ^? e>ly trophies ( ,/4 ,paul's zeal :i* he won 9 ! e>lie/ days ( 8 fir/ love1 :5 he conf\nd$ ! ,jews1 prov+ t ,jesus is ,*ri/4 ,judas has be5 by "s id5tifi$ ) t ,judas :o 0 s5t ) ,/4 ,paul1 ,silas1 & ,b>nabas z deputies to console ! ,*ur* at ,antio* & re/ore x to peace :5 di/ract$ ) debates ab\t circumcision 7*4 xv4 #bb74df #df ,judas ( ,acts xv4 #bb is surnam$ ,b>sabbas1 z is also ,joseph ,ju/us ( ,acts i4 #bc4 ,lightfoot1 ,hor4 ,heb41 on ,acts i41 conjectures t ,judas ( ,acts xv4 may h be5 ! apo/le ( t "n & t ,joseph ,ju/us 0 8 bro!r4 ,& n[1 to conclude ?is portion ( our subject1 we may add t ! traditional h\ses1 or at lea/ ! sites ( ! h\ses1 ( ,ananias & ,judas1 toge!r ) ! f\nta9 :]e ,/4 ,paul 0 baptiz$1 7 %[n 9 ,damascus till ! sev5te5? c5tury1 z ,qu>esmius1 a travell] ( t "t1 tells u t he visit$ ! ,/raight ,/reet1 :i* is ! baza>1 & saw ! h\se ( ,judas1 a l>ge & commodi\s build+1 ) traces ( hav+ be5 once a *ur* & !n a mosque2 t he visit$ ! place ( baptism1 :i* is n f> (f1 add+ )al a gr\nd plan ( ! h\se ( ,ananias4 ,dean ,/anley1 h[ev]1 decl>es t ! traditional h\se ( ,judas is n 9 ! /reet call$ ,/raight at all4 ,let u turn aside f ^! details1 ! m]e fr+es ( ! /ory1 to ! spiritual he>t & core !re(4#dg #dg ,! sev5te5?-c5tury travell]s 9 ,pale/9e1 ,syria1 & ! ,ea/ (t5 give u mu* valuable in=mation4 ,see1 on ! subject ( ,damascus1 ,qu>esmius1 ,elucidatio ,t]r ,sanct1 t4 ii41 lib4 #g1 ,p]egr9atio #f1 cap4 #c1 ) :i* may be comp>$ ,radzivilus1 ,p]egr9atio1 p4 #cc1 ,a4,d4 #afad4 ,see also ,conybe>e & ,h[son's ,/4 ,paul1 *4 iii4 ,,ii4 ,! conv]sation betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,ananias next claims our att5tion4 ,"h we may note t x 0 ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself :o appe>$ to ,ananias1 & :5 appe>+ makes ! mo/ trem5d\s claims = ,himself & all[s !m :5 made by ,ananias4 ,we are s accu/om$ to ! words ( ! n>rative t we d n recognise _! bold assumptions & :at !y imply4 ,! ,"l calls ,ananias1 z ,he call$ ,samuel ( old1 & !n receives ! same answ] z ,samuel gave1 ,behold ,i am "h1 ,"l4 ,ananias speaks to ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ! disciples1 & describes !m z ,?y sa9ts1 :o call ^u ,?y "n4 ,he knew t pray] to ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 practis$ by !m & con/itut$ _! special note or m>k4 ,our ,"l describes ,/4 ,paul z a *os5 vessel unto ,me1 to be> ,my "n be=e ! ,g5tiles & k+s1 & ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 = ,i w %[ him h[ _m ?+s he mu/ suff] = ,my "n's sake4 ,:ile aga91 :5 ,ananias came into ! h\se ( ,judas1 he is s completely dom9at$ by ! idea ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,8 pres5ce1 ,8 p[]1 ,8 mission1 t 8 words are1 ,! ,"l ,jesus ha? s5t me t ?\ maye/ receive ?y sight1 & be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,9 ^! passages we h a view ( primitive ,*ri/ianity & its doctr9e z taught by ,*ri/ ,himself1 by ,8 e>lie/ disciples1 & z view$ & record$ by ! second g5]ation ( ,*ri/ians1 & x is all ! same f :atev] po9t x is look$ at4 ,! e>lie/ =m ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ,*ri/ & no?+ else4 ,! p]sonality ( ,*ri/ dom9at$ e o!r idea4 ,!re 0 no expla9+ away ! hi/orical facts ( ,8 life1 !re 0 no wat]+ d[n ,8 sup]natural actions & claims2 ! ,"l ,jesus--& ,8 ord9>y human "n 0 us$--! ,"l ,jesus1 :om ! ,jews _h kn[n z ! c>p5t]'s son1 & _h reject$ z ! prophet ( ,naz>e?1 & _h crucifi$ z ! pret5d$ k+ ( ,israel1 ,he 0 = ,ananias ( ,damascus ! sup]natural ,be+ :o n[ rul$ ! univ]se1 & /ruck d[n ! p]secutor ( ,8 p1 & s5t ,8 mess5g]s & apo/les t !y might ) ,div9e p[] heal ! w\nd$ & com=t ! brok5-he>t$4 ,ananias felt no difficulty 9 id5tify+ ,jesus ! despis$1 ! crucifi$1 ) ! ,"l ( glory :o _h appe>$ to him1 ^u ^: "n he call$ & ) :om he commun$4 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 n = him a dream or a gho/1 or a pass+ appe>ance1 or a di/+ui%$ tea*]1 or a mighty prophet1 ^: _s liv$ ) ! s\ls ( ! good & bless$ ( e age at re/ 9 p>adise4 ,! ,jesus ( ,ananias 0 no inhabitant or *ild ( e>?1 no matt] h[ pure & exalt$4 ,! ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 ! ,be+ ( be+s1 :o _h a j "r to call ,god's p ,8 sa9ts1 & to describe ! great "w ( ,8 mess5g]s & m9i/]s to be t ( be>+ ,8 "n be=e ! ,g5tiles1 because ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,ananias & ( ! e>lie/ ,*ur* 0 no poor1 weak1 dilut$ sy/em ( m]e natural religion reg>d+ ,jesus ,*ri/ z a ,div9e prophet1 b z no?+ m4 ,x !oris$ n1 inde$1 ab\t ! ,inc>nation & ! modes ( ! ,div9e exi/5ce4 ,x 0 too mu* wrapp$ up 9 ador+ ! ,div9e manife/ations to tr\ble itself ab\t su* que/ions1 :i* came to ! front :5 love wax$ cold & m5 _h "t to analyse & debate4 ,= ,ananias & = m5 l him x 0 suffici5t to "k t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ,god manife/ 9 ! fle%4 ,= !m & = ! e>lie/ ,*ur* t "o fact embodi$ ! :ole ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! same :5 liv+ 9 ,galilee1 suff]+ 9 ,j]usalem1 asc5d+ f ,olivet1 reign+ on ! "r h& ( ! ,maje/y on high1 or manife/+ ,himself to ,8 p1 0 ! beg9n+ & end ( all religion4 ,?is is a v important po9t to insi/ ^u 9 ! pres5t age1 :5 m5 h endeav\r$ to repres5t ! religion ( ! primitive ,*ur* 9 q a diff]5t light1 & to tea* t ,/4 ,paul 0 ! inv5tor ( t dogmatic sy/em :i* insi/s ^u ! supreme importance & ! ess5tial deity ( ! ,p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,luke's n>rative 9 ?is passage seems to me q decisive aga9/ su* a !ory1 & %[s u h[ ,*ri/ianity /ruck an indep5d5t m9d l t ( ,ananias1 & h[ x 0 taught at a di/ant ,*ri/ian ,*ur* l ,damascus )9 five or at mo/ sev5 ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion ( ,jesus ,*ri/4#dh #dh ,massutius1 loc4 cit41 has a long *apt] 7book ii41 *4 i47 on ! date ( ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion4 ,see ,f9dlay's ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul1 pp4 #e1 #f1 = a concise /atem5t ( ! argum5ts conc]n+ x4 ,lew9's ,fa/i ,sacri1 pp4 lxvi4 & #bec1 conta9s long diss]tations ^u ?is po9t1 a simple ref]5ce to :i* mu/ suffice4 ,!n1 aga91 we h 9 ! vision grant$ to ,ananias & ! revelation made to him a description ( ,*ri/'s disciples4 ,! description is a tw(old "o1 com+ on ! "o h& f ,*ri/1 & on ! o!r f ,ananias1 & yet !y bo? agree4 ,ananias describes ! religion ( ,*ri/ :5 he says1 ,"l1 ,i h he>d f _m ( ?is man1 h[ mu* evil he did to ,?y sa9ts at ,j]usalem2 & !n he proce$s to id5tify ,8 sa9ts ) ^? t call$ on ,*ri/'s "n at ,damascus4 ,we h already not$ pray] to ,*ri/ z a di/+ui%+ feature ( ,8 p#di2 b "h we f9d1 = ! fir/ "t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! t]m sa9ts appli$ to ! ord9>y foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 ?\gh 9 a %ort "t x seems to h become ! usual designation = ! adh]5ts ( ! crucifi$ ,r$eem]1 z we %all see by a ref]5ce to ,rom4 i4 #g2 #a ,cor4 i4 #b2 ,eph4 i4 #a1 & to num]\s o!r passages scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,epi/les4 ,our ,"l ,himself sanctions ! use ( ?is title1 & applies x ,himself 9 a diff]5t %ape 9 ! full] acc\nt ( ! div9e words giv5 u by ,/4 ,paul 9 8 spee* be=e ,k+ ,agrippa 7*4 xxvi4 #ah74 ,*ri/ tells ,/4 ,paul ( 8 de/9$ "w to turn ! ,g5tiles f d>kness to light1 t !y may receive an inh]itance among !m :i* are sanctifi$ by fai? t is 9 ,me4 ,! foll[]s ( ,*ri/ 7 recognis$ z sa9ts 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w sa9t--t is1 z sep>at$1 d$icat$1 consecrat$ p]sons1 :o _h be5 made to dr9k into "o ,div9e ,_s1 _h be5 made p>tak]s ( a new life1 _h be5 admitt$ to a k+dom ( light & a fell[%ip ( love1 & :o1 by virtue ( ^! bless+s1 _h be5 cut (f f ! p[] ( ,satan & ! k+dom ( d>kness4 ,& all ?is _h be5 & ev] is to be effect$ by fai? t is 9 ,*ri/4 ,*ri/'s sa9ts or sep>at$ p are sanctifi$ by fai? 9 ,*ri/4 ,n t ! b>e ex]cise ( a faculty or feel+ call$ fai? w ex]cise a sanctify+ influ5ce ^u human nature1--?is w\ld be simply to make man 8 own sanctifi]1 & to usurp = 8 own poor weak wret*$ self ! "w & p[] :i* belong to ! ,holy ,gho/ alone1--b :5 ,*ri/ is realis$ z includ+ all ! p>ts ( ,god's f9al revelation1 :5 no p>tial or limit$ view is tak5 ( ,*ri/'s "w z if x 7 limit$ to ! ,inc>nation alone1 or ! ,atonem5t alone1 or ! ,resurrection alone1 b :5 ! div]se & v>i\s p>ts & laws ( ,8 revelation are recognis$ z div9ely taught1 & !re=e z trem5d\sly important = ! s\l's heal?4 ,:5 ! ,holy ,gho/ & ,8 mission1 & good works & _! absolute necessity1 & ,*ri/'s sacram5ts & ,8 o!r appo9t$ means ( grace are duly hon\r$ & rev]5tly receiv$1 !n inde$1 & !n alone1 fai? is truly ex]cis$ 9 ,*ri/1 & m5 are n m]ely sep>at$ by an ext]nal consecration1 su* z ! ,jews receiv$ at circumcision1 & :i* qualifi$ ev5 t h>d-he>t$ & /ubborn p to be call$ a nation ( sa9ts2 b :5 ,*ri/ is ?us truly & fully receiv$ by fai? into ! he>ts & affections ( ,8 p1 !y walk wor?y ( ! high vocation call$ ^u !m4 ,_m a mi/ak5 exposition has be5 (f]$ ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les1 & _m an ef=t has be5 made to expla9 away ! pla9e/ /atem5ts1 because m5 w apply a false mean+ to ! ^w sa9ts :i* ,ananias "h uses4 ,if we fir/ det]m9e t ! ^w sa9t c\ld only h be5 appli$ to a truly conv]t$ man1 clo!d 9 ! robe ( ,*ri/'s imput$ righte\sness1 elect$ f et]nity to ev]la/+ salvation1 & :o c\ld nev] f9ally fall away1 & !n f9d ! t]m s def9$ appli$1 = in/ance1 to ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur* z a :ole1 we %all come to "s /range results4 ,if truly conv]t$ m51 true sa9ts ( ,*ri/1 c\ld be guilty ( s9s su* z 7 n nam$ among/ ! hea!n1 or c\ld be drunk at ! ,"l's ,table1 or c\ld *]i% all t long & dre>y catalogue ( spiritual crimes enum]at$ 9 ! ,cor9?ian ,epi/les1 !n inde$ ! words true conv]sion h completely *ang$ _! mean+1 & ,*ri/ianity1 in/ead ( be+ ! pr9ciple & f\nta9 ( a reg5]ate life1 becomes a cloak "u :i* all k9ds ( malici\sness & evil-do+ may h free c\rse & be glorifi$4 #di ,see vol4 i41 pp4 #cch-da4 ,our ,"l prote/s be=eh& unto ,/4 ,paul aga9/ su* a p]v]sion ( ! gospel ( free grace ) :i* ,8 great ,apo/le _h all 8 life to /ruggle4 ,ant9omianism is z old z ,/4 ,paul's doctr9e--s v mu* misund]/ood--( ju/ification4 ,our ,"l raises ,8 voice aga9/ x 9 ,8 e>lie/ commission to ,/4 ,paul :5 ,he s5ds him to ! ,g5tiles to turn !m f d>kness to light1 t is1 f moral & spiritual d>kness to moral & spiritual light1 & f ! p[] ( ,satan unto ,god4 ,& ! ,new ,te/am5t (t5 en\gh tells u :at is meant by ! p[] ( ,satan4 ,x 0 n any m]e sy/em ( false beliefs alone1 b x 0 a wick$1 impure belief jo9$ & lead+ to a wick$ & impure practice2 & ,/4 ,paul's "w 0 to turn ! ,g5tiles f a wick$ fai?1 comb9$ ) a /ill m wick$ practice1 to a life sanctifi$ & purifi$ & r5ew$ aft] ! image ( a liv+ ,*ri/4#ej #ej ,i am ref]r+ 9 ?is passage to :at we may designate ! ,ant9omian me?od ( exp\nd+ ,fir/ ,cor9?ians /ill curr5t 9 _m circles4 ,!y fir/ det]m9e t ! ^w sa9t is always us$ by ,/4 ,paul to express a truly conv]t$ man1 "o1 !re=e1 9 _! idea :o has no ne$ to ask p>don = s9 & :o nev] c f9ally fall away4 ,!y !n f9d ?is t]m sa9ts appli$ to ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur*1 :i* mu/ !re=e h be5 compos$ ( truly conv]t$ m5 alone1 else1 !y ?9k1 ,/4 ,paul w\ld n h call$ !m sa9ts4 ,b !n a difficulty arises1 ,h[ ab\t ! gross s9s preval5t 9 t ,*ur*8 ,_! peculi> sy/em ( !ology1 h[ev]1 rapidly solves ?is p]plex+ po9t4 ,all ! s9s ( believ]s1 pa/1 pres5t or to come1 h be5 =giv5 long be=e !y 7 born1 !re=e ^! gross immoralities at ,cor9? 7 m]e believ]'s slips1 z ,i h he>d !m call$4 ,a believ] guilty ( !m %\ld be sorry = !m z caus+ sc&a to ! _w1 b z f> z f9al salvation is conc]n$ he has no?+ to d ) !m save to assure himself ( _! p>don wr\ght out by our ,"l on ! cross4 ,abundant in/ances ( ?is me?od ( exposition w be f\nd 9 ! works ( ,dr4 ,williams1 ! ,noncon=mi/ ( ! "t ( ,william ,,iii41 f\nd] ( ! well-kn[n libr>y 9 ,grafton ,/reet1 ,london4 ,he _h a great controv]sy ) ! ,ant9omians ( ! day1 :o repres5t$ !mselves z ! true *ampions ( ! doctr9es ( grace4 ,!y 7 simply tea*+ ! anci5t ,gno/ic h]esy t ! s\l c be 9 communion ) ,god :ile ! body is all ! "t wall[+ 9 ! dep?s ( s94 ,precisely ! same views are n[ commonly taught & call$ z 9 ,williams's day1 two hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! ,gospel4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we recognise ! ,new ,te/am5t use ( ! ^w sa9ts z mean+ d$icat$ to ,god1 consecrat$ to ,8 s]vice1 ! mean+ ( ! ,fir/ ,cor9?ians & ( ! words ( ,ananias is q cle> & pla91 & no su* immoral results foll[ z ! ,ant9omian exegesis implies1 b r ! sa9tly "* ( baptiz$ ,*ri/ians becomes ! f\ndation ( ! mo/ practical exhortations to hol9ess ( life4 ,,iii4 ,f9ally1 we notice 9 ?is conv]sation1 & t only v briefly1 ! title giv5 by our ,"l to ,/4 ,paul1 :i* became ! fav\rite designation ( ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 especially among ! ,we/]n doctors ( ! anci5t ,*ur*4 ,g ?y way1 says ,*ri/ to ,ananias1 = he is a *os5 vessel unto ,me1 or1 z ! ,revis]s put x 9 ! m>g91 translat+ /ill m lit]ally f ! orig9al1 = he is a vessel ( election4 ,vas ,electionis is ! usual title = ,/4 ,paul 9 ,/4 ,j]ome's lett]s1 z also 9 ,/4 ,*ryso/om's homilies1 & x expresses a side ( 8 "* :i* is prom95t ?r\gh\t 8 writ+s4 ,saul's e>ly life 0 s ali5at$ f ,*ri/1 8 c>e] _h be5 s completely ho/ile to ! gospel1 8 conv]sion _h be5 s entirely ,god's "w & ,god's "w alone1 t he ev] felt & ev] insi/$ m ?an ! o!r ,new ,te/am5t writ]s on ,god's elect+ love4 ,if we comp>e ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,john ) ^? ( ,/4 ,paul1 we %all see h[ naturally & completely !y reflect 9 _! tone ! hi/ory ( _! lives4 ,/4 ,john's life 0 "o long cont9u\s /eady gr[? 9 ,div9e k4 ,!re 7 no great gaps or breaks 9 t life1 & s we f9d t 8 writ+s d n ignore ,god's elect+ love & prev5t+ grace z ! s\rce ( ev]y?+ good 9 man4 ,we love ,him because ,he fir/ lov$ u are words :i* %[ t ,/4 ,john's gospel 0 at bottom ! same z ,/4 ,paul's4 ,b ,/4 ,john's fav\rite topic is ! ,inc>nation & its importance1 & its results 9 purity ( he>t & 9 a sweet consci\sness ( ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,/4 ,paul's life1 on ! o!r h&1 0 no cont9u\s upgr[? f y\?'s e>lie/ day to life's late/ ev5tide4 ,!re 0 a great gap1 a trem5d\s yawn+ *asm sep>at+ ! "o portion f ! o!r1 & ,paul nev] c\ld =get t x 0 ,god's *oice alone :i* turn$ ! p]secut+ ,rabbi into ! ,*ri/ian ,apo/le4 ,8 ,epi/les to ! ,romans1 ,ephesians1 & ,galatians amply te/ify to ! effects ( ?is doctr9e ^u 8 :ole s\l1 & %[ t ! expositors ( ! e>ly ,*ur* display$ a true in/9ct & gaug$ 8 "* aright :5 !y designat$ him by ?is title1 ,vas ,electionis4 ,& yet ! ,apo/le prov$ 8 ,div9e inspiration1 = he held & taught ?is tru? 9 no "o-sid$ mann]4 ,he comb9$ ! doctr9e ( elect+ love ) t ( int5se human free w & awful p]sonal responsibility4 ,he made no ef=t intellectually to reconcile ! two opposite sides ( tru?1 b1 wis] ?an _m :o foll[$ him1 he accept$ bo? & f\nd 9 !m bo?1 matt] = practical guidance4 ,god's et]nal & elect+ love made him humble2 man's free w & responsibility made him awfully 9 e>ne/4 ,two passages1 drawn f diff]5t ,epi/les1 suffici5tly expla9 ,/4 ,paul's view4 ,gal4 i4 #ae1 #af--,:5 x 0 ! good pleasure ( ,god1 :o sep>at$ me1 ev5 f my "m's womb1 & call$ me ?r\gh ,8 grace1 to reveal ,8 ,son 9 me--are words :i* %[ h[ entirely ,/4 ,paul view$ himself z a ,vas ,electionis4 #a ,cor4 ix4 #bg--;,i buffet my body1 & br+ x into bondage1 le/ by any means1 aft] t ,i h prea*$ to o!rs1 ,i myself %\ld be reject$--are words %[+ h[ real & pr(\nd 0 8 fe> ( f9al defeat & ru91 h[ conv9c$ he 0 t no display ( ,div9e grace or love assur$ him ( 8 own f9al p]sev]ance4 ,x is well t p %\ld notice ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! tone & spiritual exp]i5ce ( a ,paul & ( a ,john4 ,at times s9c]e ,*ri/ians h be5 tr\bl$ because _! spiritual exp]i5ce & feel+s h be5 v diff]5t f ,/4 ,paul's4 ,!y h limit$ to a l>ge ext5t _! own read+ ( ,scripture to 8 writ+s1 & h n notic$ ! cle> di/9ction :i* ,scripture makes betwe5 ! tone & ideas ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,john2 & :y8 ,j to meet ?is v t5d5cy1 & to %[ u t spiritual exp]i5ces1 feel+s1 temptations1 mu/ v>y ) ! v>y+ circum/ances ( ea* individual4 ,no sa9tly life c be tak5 z a univ]sal model or /&>d2 &1 above all1 ! conv]sion ( a p]secutor & blasphem] l ,/4 ,paul is n to be tak5 z ! normal type ( ,god's deal+s ) m51 :o gr[ up1 l ,/4 ,john or l ,timo?y1 9 ! pa?s ( ,div9e love f _! e>lie/ *ildhood4#ea #ea ,x %\ld be c>efully not$ t ! great end ( ,/4 ,paul's election is set =? by our ,"l :5 speak+ to ,ananias z to be> ,my "n be=e ! ,g5tiles & k+s1 & ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,f ! v outset ( ,paul's ,*ri/ian c>e] 8 "w z ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles is ?us cle>ly reveal$ ?r\gh ,ananias4 ,i say ?r\gh ,ananias1 & n to him2 = ,i suppose t ,ananias c\ld n himself h realis$ ! real =ce & mean+ ( ! ,div9e words4 ,!re is "o common feature1 h[ev]1 :i* c be trac$ 9 all religi\s lives1 :e!r /]nly & ev5 viol5tly ord]$ l ,saul's1 or g5tly guid$ l ,/4 ,john's4 ,!y all agree 9 pres5t+ "o feature :5 ! fre% brea? ( ! ,_s bl[s ^u !m & ! deep] s5se ( life's importance fir/ dawns ^u ! vision1 & t is1 !y are all m>k$ by pray]4 ,( e s9c]e seek] ! ,div9e wat*]1 ev] on ! outlook = ! signs ( spiritual life1 repeats ,behold1 he praye?4 ,saul1 we may be sure1 _h nev] =gott5 8 duty 9 ! matt] ( ! prescrib$ r\nd ( ,jewi% devotions2 b n[ = ! fir/ "t he rose above ! level ( m]e me*anical say+ ( pray] to spiritual communion ) ,god 9 ,*ri/2 n[ = ! fir/ "t he pray$ a ,*ri/ian pray]1 ?r\gh ,*ri/ & to ,*ri/2 n[ = ! fir/ "t p]haps he le>n$ "o secret ( ! spiritual life1 :i* is ?is1 t pray] is some?+ wid] & nobl] ?an m]e ask+4 ,pray] is communion ( ! _s ) ,god reconcil$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,t communion is (t5 deepe/ & mo/ com=t+ :5 enjoy$ 9 simple sil5ce4 ,saul1 ! conv]t$ p]secutor1 c\ld "k b little yet ( :at to ask f ,*ri/4 ,b 9 ! revelations made 9 ^? h\rs ( d>kness & p5it5ce & sil5ce1 !re 7 v\*saf$ to him r5ew$ pro(s ( ! tru?s already ga9$1 & ( ! awful trials :i* ^? tru?s1 realis$ & act$ out1 w\ld dem& f him1 ,i w %[ him :at ?+s he mu/ suff] = ,my sake4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,saul ,,& ,,s9ai4 ,saul 0 c]ta9 days ) ! disciples :i* 7 at ,damascus4 ,& /raightway 9 ! synagogues he proclaim$ ,jesus1 t ,he is ! ,son ( ,god4--,,acts ix4 #ai1 #bj4 ,we h be/[$ a great deal ( att5tion ^u ! incid5ts at ,damascus1 because ! conv]sion ( ,saul ( ,t>sus is m closely connect$ ) ! tru? & au!nticity ( ,*ri/ianity ?an any o!r ev5t save ^? imm$iately connect$ ) ! life & m9i/ry ( our ,"l ,himself4 ,we %all1 h[ev]1 9 ?is *apt]1 endeav\r to discuss ! rema9+ circum/ances ( x :i* ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les br+s "u our notice4 ,i4 ,we are told 9 v]se #ag ( ! visit ( ,ananias to ,saul4 ,ananias dep>t$1 & ent]$ into ! h\se2 & lay+ 8 h&s on him said1 ,bro!r ,saul1 ! ,"l1 ev5 ,jesus1 :o appe>$ unto !e 9 ! way :i* ?\ came/1 ha? s5t me1 t ?\ maye/ receive ?y sight1 & be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,?is conv]sation ) ,ananias is l>gely exp&$ by ,/4 ,paul himself 9 ! acc\nt :i* he gives u 9 ,acts xxii41 :ile 9 8 spee* to ,agrippa 9 ! tw5ty-six? *apt] he entirely omits all m5tion ( ,ananias1 & seems to introduce our ,"l z ! only p]son :o spoke to him1 & yet !re is no real inconsi/5cy4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 fact1 9 ! latt] address is int5t on sett+ vividly be=e ,agrippa ! sum total ( ! revelations made by ,*ri/4 ,he ignores1 !re=e1 e second>y ag5t4 ,ananias 0 ,*ri/'s mess5g]4 ,8 words 7 m]ely ^? :i* ,*ri/ put into 8 m\?4 ,/4 ,paul goes1 !re=e1 to ! root ( ! matt]1 & attributes ev]y?+1 :e!r utt]$ by our ,"l or by ,ananias1 to ! =m] alone1 :o 01 inde$1 ! great ,inspir] ( e expression1 ! true ,director ( e m9ute/ portion ( ?is important transaction4 ,! n9? *apt]1 on ! o!r h&1 breaks ! /ory up into its compon5t p>ts1 & %[s u ! v>i\s actors 9 ! sc5e4 ,we see ! ,"l ,jesus consci\sly presid+ ov] all1 reveal+ ,himself n[ to ?is p]son & aga9 to t p]son4 ,we get a glimpse = a mom5t beh9d ! veil :i* ,div9e ,provid5ce ?r[s ar\nd ,8 do+s & ! do+s ( ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,we see ,*ri/ reveal+ ,himself n[ to ,saul & !n to ,ananias1 in=m+ ! latt] ( ! revelations made to ! =m]2 j z ,he subsequ5tly reveal$ ,himself almo/ simultane\sly to ,cornelius at ,cs>ea & to ,simon ,pet] at ,joppa1 prep>+ ! "o = ! o!r4 ,! ,"l ?us h9ts at an explanation ( ^? simultane\s crav+s1 aspirations1 & spiritual desires :i* we (t5 f9d unacc\ntably aris+ amid f> di/ant l&s & 9 widely sep>at$ he>ts4 ,! feel+s may seem b vague aspirations & _! co9cid5ce a m]e *ance "o1 b ! typical cases ( ,saul & ,ananias1 or ( ,cornelius & ,/4 ,pet]1 tea* ! believ] to see 9 !m ! direct action & gov]nm5t ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 turn+ ! he>ts ( ! fa!rs to ! *ildr5 & ( ! disob$i5t to ! wisdom ( ! j4 ,surely we h an in/ance ( su* simultane\s op]ations ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 & t on ! l>ge/ scale1 9 ! crav+s ( ! _w aft] a ,savi\r at ! age & "t :5 our ,"l came6 ,virgil 0 !n prea*+ 9 tones s ,*ri/ian conc]n+ ! com+ ,savi\r :om ! _w 0 expect+1 t ! great ,italian poet ,dante exempts him f hell on acc\nt ( 8 dim b real fai?4 ,! ,wise ,m5 7 !n seek+ ,*ri/ f a f> c\ntry2 ,caiaphas 0 prophesy+ conc]n+ a man :o 0 to die = ,god's p4 ,mank9d1 all ! _w ov]1 0 unconsci\sly long+ ) a div9ely inspir$ desire = t v salvation :i* ,god 0 !n reveal+2 j z ^u ! n>r[] /age ( ,damascus or ,cs>ea ,jesus ,*ri/ inspir$ ,saul & ,cornelius ) a ,div9e want & prep>$ ,ananias & ,pet] to satisfy x4 ,john ,keble 9 8 poem = ,ea/] ,monday has well seiz$ & illu/rat$ ?is po9t1 s full ( com=t & edification1 turn+ x into a practical direction = ! life ( ! human _s3-- ,ev5 s ! c\rse ( pray] :o kn[s8 ,x spr+s 9 sil5ce :]e x w1 ,spr+s out ( sight1 & fl[s ,at fir/ a lonely rill4 ,unhe>d by all b angel e>s1 ,! good ,cornelius knelt alone1 ,nor dream$ 8 pray]s & te>s ,c\ld help a _w undone4 ,! :ile ^u 8 t]rac$ ro(1 ,! lov$ apo/le to ! ,"l1 ,9 sil5t ?\ght alo(1 ,= heav5ly vision so>$4 ,! sa9t beside ! ocean pray$1 ,! soldi] 9 8 *os5 b[]1 ,:]e all 8 eye survey$ ,seem$ sacr$ 9 t h\r4 ,to ea* unkn[n 8 bro!r's pray]1 ,yet bre?r5 true 9 de>e/ love ,7 !y--& n[ !y %>e ,frat]nal joys above4 ,ananias1 guid$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce1 ent]s into ,saul's pres5ce1 /ates 8 mission1 lays 8 h&s ^u him & re/ores him to sight4 ,ananias is c>eful1 h[ev]1 to disclaim all m]it s f> z he is himself conc]n$ 9 ! matt] ( ?is miracle4 ,8 language is exactly ! same 9 tone z t ( ! apo/les ,pet] & ,john :5 !y _h heal$ ! impot5t man3 ,:y m>vel ye at ?is man8 or :y fa/5 ye y\r eyes on u1 z ?\gh by our own p[] or godl9ess we _h made him to walk8444 ,by fai? 9 ,8 "n ha? ,8 "n made ?is man /rong1 7 _! words to ! p4 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,naz>e?1 walk1 0 _! comm& to ! man himself4 ,& s 9 ! case ( ,ananias1 he attributes ! heal+ p[] to ,jesus ,*ri/ alone4 ,! ,"l ,jesus1 :o appe>$ unto !e1 444 ha? s5t me1 t ?\ maye/ receive ?y sight4 ,! !ology & fai? ( ! ,*ur* at ,damascus 7 exactly ! same z ^? ( ! ,apo/les & ,*ur* at ,j]usalem4 ,& :at a confirmation ( ,saul's own fai? mu/ ?is miracle h be56 ,x 0 !n no pass+ vision1 no fancy ( a heat$ imag9ation :i* he _h exp]i5c$2 b he _h ! actual pro( 9 8 own p]son ( _! objective reality1 a demon/ration t ! p[] ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ord]$ all ?+s1 bo? 9 heav5 & e>?1 heal+ ! bodily z x c\ld illum9ate ! spiritual eye4 ,,ii4 ,ananias re/or$ ,saul's sight4 ,accord+ to ! n9? ( ,acts 8 mission 0 limit$ to ?is "o po9t2 b1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's own acc\nt 9 ! tw5ty-second *apt]1 he made a mu* long] communication to ! future ,apo/le3 ,! ,god ( our fa!rs ha? appo9t$ !e to "k ,8 w1 & to see ! ,righte\s ,"o1 & to he> a voice f ,8 m\?4 ,= ?\ %alt be a witness = ,him unto all m5 ( :at ?\ ha/ se5 & he>d4 ,& n[ :y t>rie/ ?\8 ,arise1 & be baptiz$1 & wa% away ?y s9s1 call+ on ,8 "n4 ,ananias pr$ict$ to ,saul 8 future mission1 8 apo/le%ip to all nations1 & ! fact t ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles w\ld f9d ! root & su/5ance ( 8 "w 9 ! =ce ( p]sonal conviction ) :i* 8 miracul\s conv]sion _h end[$ him4 ,p]sonal k1 individual acqua9tance ) ! ?+s ( ! et]nal _w 0 !n1 z x is /ill1 ! fir/ condition ( successful "w = ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!re may be intellectual p[]1 int5se en]gy1 transc5d5t eloqu5ce1 consummate ability2 b 9 ! spiritual ord] ^! ?+s avail no?+ till !re be jo9$ !reto t s5se ( heav5ly =ce & reality :i* a p]sonal k ( ! ?+s unse5 imp>ts4 ,!n he>t answ]s to he>t1 & ! great dep?s ( man's nature respond & op5 !mselves to ! voice & tea*+ ( "o :o speaks z ,/4 ,paul did ( :at he _h se5 & he>d4 ,!re are two po9ts 9 ?is address ( ,ananias z report$ by ,/4 ,paul himself to :i* we w\ld direct special att5tion4 ,ananias baptiz$ ,saul1 & us$ v decid$ language on ! subject1 language f :i* "s w\ld n[ %r9k4 ,^! two po9ts embody important tea*+4 ,ananias baptiz$ ,saul ?\gh ,*ri/ _h p]sonally call$ him4 ,?is %[s ! importance :i* ! ,holy ,scriptures atta* to baptism1 & %[s u some?+ too ( ! nature ( ,holy ,scripture itself4 ,/4 ,luke wrote ! ,acts z a k9d ( cont9uation ( 8 ,gospel1 to give an acc\nt to ,!ophilus ( ! rise & progress ( ,*ri/ianity d[n to 8 own "t4 ,/4 ,luke 9 do+ s tells u ( ! in/itution ( ! ,eu*>i/1 b he does n say "o ^w 9 8 ,gospel ab\t ! appo9tm5t ( baptism4 ,he does n record ! baptismal commission1 = :i* we mu/ turn to ,/4 ,mat!w xxviii4 #ai1 or to ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #af4 ,yet ,/4 ,luke is c>eful to report ! baptism ( ! ?ree ?\s& on ! ,day ( ,p5teco/1 ( ! ,sam>itans1 ( ! eunu*1 & n[ ( ,/4 ,paul1 z aft]w>ds ( ,cornelius1 ( ,lydia1 ( ! ,philippian jailor1 & ( ! ,ephesian foll[]s ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,he records ! univ]sality ( ,*ri/ian baptism1 & ?us proves its obligation2 b he does n give u a h9t ( ! orig9 ( ?is sacram5t1 nor does he trace x back to any ^w or comm& ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he evid5tly took all ^! ?+s z q well kn[n & und]/ood1 & m]ely describes ! obs]vance ( a sacram5t :i* ne$$ no explanation on 8 "p4 ,! writ+s ( ,/4 ,luke 7 int5d$ to in/ruct ,!ophilus 9 ! facts conc]n+ our ,"l's life & ! lab\rs ( c]ta9 lead+ individuals among ,8 e>lie/ foll[]s2 b !y make no pret5ce1 nor d ! o!r ,gospels make any pret5ce1 ( be+ an exhau/ive hi/ory ( our ,"l's m9i/ry or ( ! practice ( ! e>lie/ ,*ur*2 & _! sil5ce does n necess>ily prove t mu* 0 n kn[n & practis$ 9 ! e>ly ,*ur* ab\t :i* !y h no occasion to speak4#eb ,! words ( ,ananias & ! ob$i5ce ( ,saul %[ u ! importance :i* ! ,holy ,_s atta*$ to ?is sacram5t ( baptism4 ,"h 0 a man to :om ,*ri/ ,himself _h p]sonally appe>$1 :om ,*ri/ _h p]sonally call$1 & to :om ,he _h made long-cont9u$ revelations ( ,8 w4 ,yet ,he in/ruct$ him by ! m\? ( ,ananias to receive ! sacram5t ( baptism4 ,surely if any man 0 ev] exempt$ f submission to :at "s w\ld e/eem ! outw>d ord9ance1 x 0 ?is p5it5t & privileg$ conv]t6 ,b no3 to him ! words ( ,god's mess5g] are ! same z to ! humble/ s9n]1 ,arise1 & be baptiz$1 & wa% away ?y s9s4 ,i h kn[n ( truly good m5 :o %[$ _! want ( spiritual humility1 or p]haps ,i %\ld r say ( spiritual ?\ght & reflection1 9 ?is direction4 ,i h kn[n ( p]sons ar\s$ f religi\s torpor & dea? by p[]ful ?\gh "o-sid$ tea*+4 ,god has bless$ su* tea*+ to ! awak5+ 9 !m ( ! fir/ elem5ts ( spiritual life1 & !n !y h /opp$ %ort4 ,!y 7 call$1 z ,saul 01 9 an unbaptiz$ /ate4 ,!y _h nev] previ\sly receiv$ ! sacram5t ( reg5]ation accord+ to ,*ri/'s appo9tm5t1 & :5 ,*ri/ ar\s$ !m !y ?\ght ?is primal bless+ q suffici5t1 & judg$ x unnecess>y to obey ! full comm&s ( ,*ri/ & be unit$ by baptism to ,8 ,body ! ,*ur*4 ,!y judg$1 9 fact1 t ! bless+ ( conv]sion absolv$ !m f ! sacram5t ( responsibility2 b su* 0 n ! view ( ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,! bless+ ( conv]sion z 9 ,/4 ,paul's case1 ! visible & audible desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z 9 ! case ( ,cornelius1 h9d]$ n ! importance nor disp5s$ ) ! necessity ( ! sacram5t ( baptism1 :i* 0 ! door ( admission to ! ,div9e society & to a high] level 9 ! ,div9e life ?an any hi!rto atta9$4 ,p]sons :o act z ^? misguid$ individuals ( :om we h spok5 /op %ort at ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/1 & !y atta9 to none ( its heights1 !y s\nd none ( its dep?s1 because !y b5d n _! wills1 & le>n n ! sweetness & ! p[] involv$ 9 spiritual humiliation & 9 l[ly self-d5y+ ob$i5ce taught by ! ,ma/] ,himself :5 ,he said1 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s3 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav54#ec #eb ,ar*bi%op ,:ately us$ to make an important di/9ction betwe5 ?+s anti-,scriptural & ?+s un-,scriptural4 ,?+s anti-,scriptural _c be tol]at$ by ! ,*ur*1 because !y contradict ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,?+s un-,scriptural1 t is1 ?+s ab\t :i* ,scripture is sil5t & = :i* no direct w>rant c be produc$1 may be "r or wrong1 useful or vici\s4 ,sunday s*ools1 = in/ance1 are 9 ?is s5se unscriptural4 ,! ,scriptures are sil5t ab\t !m1 & if direct w>rant ) *apt] & v]se be requir$ = !m1 none su* c be produc$4 ,hook]1 9 8 ,?ird ,book1 *4 v4-viii41 has a p[]ful argum5t ^u ?is subject z aga9/ ! ultra-re=m]s or ,puritans ( 8 day1 :o w\ld h ti$ ! ,*ur* )9 mu* tight] bonds ?an ev] ,judaism submitt$ to4 #ec ,i h kn[n cases :]e baptism 0 reject$ av[$ly on ^! gr\nds4 ,?is is ( c\rse a natural result ( ! pu%+ individualism 9 religion to an extreme1 & is (t5 f\nd among :at we may call extreme ,prote/ants4 ,x naturally results f two errors4 ,fir/ ( all1 f a rejection ( ! article ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$1 ,i believe 9 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,su* m5 reject ! doctr9e ( a ,*ur* z a great fundam5tal article ( ! ,cre$1 "o ( ! necess>y articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & !re=e !y reject baptism :i* is ! door ( entrance into ! ,div9e society4 ,&1 secondly1 !y reject ! true def9ition & idea ( a sacram5t4 ,!y view baptism1 = in/ance1 z ! expression m]ely ( a fai? already receiv$1 & z no?+ m4 ,if1 !n1 !y express ?is fai? suffici5tly by _! life & actions1 baptism seems to !m an empty & va9 c]emony4 ,b surely ?is 0 n ,/4 ,paul's view1 ei!r :5 he receiv$ baptism at ! h&s ( ,ananias1 or :5 he wrote 9 ! six? ( ,romans ,we 7 buri$ !re=e ) ,him ?r\gh baptism into dea?4 ,! language1 aga91 ( ,ananias ab\t baptism s\nds /range 9 "s e>s1 & yet ! exp]i5ce ( mission>ies is a suffici5t explanation ( x4 ,:at is t language8 ,arise1 & be baptiz$1 & wa% away ?y s9s4 ,^! words s\nd />tl+ to "o accu/om$ to id5tify ! wa%+ away ( s9 ) ! ex]cise ( fai?1 & yet !re !y /&1 & no me?od ( exegesis w avail to make !m say any?+ else ?an ?is1 t baptism 0 = ,saul ! wa%+ away ( s91 s t if he did n accept baptism 8 s9s w\ld n h be5 wa%$ away4 ,! exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 ( ^? :o lab\r 9 ! mission field expla9s ! :ole difficulty4 ,baptism is ! act ( op5 confession & ackn[l$gm5t ( ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul himself tea*es ! absolute importance ( ?is confession3 ,) ! he>t man believe? unto righte\sness2 ) ! m\? confession is made unto salvation4#ed ,pagan conv]ts are ev5 /ill abundantly f\nd :o are will+ to accept ! pure morality & ! sublime tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 :o are will+ to believe & see 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! supreme revelation ( ,god made to ! human race1 b :o are n will+ to incur loss & p]secution & trial = ,8 sake by ! reception ( ,*ri/ian baptism & a public confession ( _! fai?4 ,!y may believe ) ! he>t 9 ! revelation ( righte\sness & may lead moral lives 9 consequ5ce1 b !y are n will+ to make public confession lead+ !m into a /ate ( salvation4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 9 ! position ( ,saul ( ,t>sus z he pray$ 9 ! h\se ( ,judas1 b !y w g no f>!r4 ,!y w n act z he did1 !y w n take ! decisive /ep1 !y w n arise & be baptiz$ & wa% away _! s9s1 call+ on ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& if ,saul ( ,t>sus _h be5 l !m & _h act$ z !y d1 he might h receiv$ ! vision & h be5 conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ( ,8 mission1 b yet 8 moral c[>dice w\ld h spoilt ! :ole1 & ,saul w\ld h rema9$ 9 8 s9s1 unp>don$1 unaccept$1 reprobate f ,*ri/1 because he rema9$ unbaptiz$4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 fact1 is a cov5ant1 & =giv5ess ( s9s is "o ( ! bless+s atta*$ to ?is cov5ant4 ,until m5 p]=m its conditions & actually ent] into ! cov5ant ! bless+s ( ! cov5ant are n grant$4 ,baptism is ! door ( entry into ! cov5ant ( grace1 & till m5 humbly ent] )9 ! door !y d n ex]cise true fai?4 ,!y may believe intellectually 9 ! tru? & reality ( ,*ri/ianity1 b1 till !y take ! decisive /ep & obey ,*ri/'s law1 !y d n possess t true fai? ( ! he>t :i* alone enables !m1 l ,saul ( ,t>sus1 to obey ,*ri/ & !re=e ent] into peace4 #ed ,romans x4 #aj4 ,,iii4 ,! next /ep tak5 by ! ,apo/le is equally pla9ly /at$3 ,/raightway 9 ! synagogues he proclaim$ ,jesus1 t ,he is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,b1 ?\gh ! words ( ! ,acts are pla9 en\gh1 x is n s easy to reconcile !m ) ,/4 ,paul's own acc\nt1 z giv5 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians 7i4 #ae1 #af1 #ag71 :]e he /ates1 ,:5 x 0 ! good pleasure ( ,god to reveal ,8 ,son 9 me1 imm$iately ,i conf]r$ n ) fle% & blood1 b ,i w5t away into ,arabia1 & aga9 ,i return$ to ,damascus4 ,9 ! n9? *apt] ( ! ,acts we f9d ! /atem5t made t imm$iately aft] 8 baptism he prea*$ ,*ri/ 9 ! synagogues ( ,damascus1 :ile 9 8 own biographical n>rative he tells u t imm$iately aft] 8 baptism he w5t away into ,arabia4 ,is !re any way 9 :i* we c reconcile !m8 ,we ?9k s1 & t a v simple "o4 ,let u fir/ reflect ^u ! /ory z told 9 ! ,acts4 ,/4 ,luke is giv+ a rapid hi/ory1 a survey ( ,/4 ,paul's life ( public activity4 ,he is n tell+ ! /ory ( 8 inn] spiritual exp]i5ces1 8 conflicts1 temptations1 trials1 revelations1 z ,/4 ,paul himself set !m =?4 ,he knew n ( !m1 9 fact4 ,/4 ,luke knew m]ely ! ext]ior public life ( :i* man _h cognisance4 ,he knew no?+1 or b little1 ( ! int]ior life ( ! ,apo/le1 kn[n only to himself & to ,god4 ,/4 ,luke !re=e tells u ( 8 e>ly "w at ,damascus4 ,/4 ,paul himself tells u ( t e>ly "w1 b also %[s u h[ he 0 prep>$ = t "w by 8 retirem5t into ,arabia4 ,bo? agree 9 ! ma9 po9t1 h[ev]1 & place ! sc5e ( 8 e>lie/ ,*ri/ian ef=ts 9 ! v spot1 ,damascus1 :i* he _h 9 8 human prevision de/9$ = himself z ! field ( 8 bitt]e/ antagonism to ! fai? ( ! ,crucifi$4 ,?is is an important po9t4 ,/4 ,luke wrote 8 hi/orical n>rative tw5ty-five ye>s or !reab\ts aft] ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion4 ,he may h (t5 visit$ ,damascus4 ,tradition makes ,antio*1 a t[n ( ! same di/rict1 8 bir?place4 ,/4 ,luke mu/ h _h abundant opportunities ( consult+ witnesses :o c\ld tell ! /ory ( ^? ev5tful days1 & c\ld describe ,/4 ,paul's e>lie/ te/imony to 8 new convictions4 ,b ^! m5 only knew ,/4 ,paul z he appe>$ 9 public4 ,!y may h kn[n v little ( ! inn] hi/ory ( 8 life z he reveals x 9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,galatians :5 v9dicat+ 8 apo/olic au?ority & mission4#ee #ee ,/4 ,luke's in=mants1 tw5ty-five ye>s aft] ! ev5ts1 w\ld naturally only rememb] ! lead+ po9ts1 ! mo/ /rik+ ev5ts ( ,/4 ,paul's e>ly ,*ri/ian c>e]4 ,few p realise h[ h>d x is to recall ! ev5ts ( tw5ty-five ye>s ago 9 any?+ l consecutive ord]4 ,we pres]ve ^u ! :ole a lively & a true impression2 b till we g & consult docum5ts1 di>ies1 j\rnals1 etc41 x is almo/ impossible to /ate ! succession ( ev5ts 9 accurate ord]4 ,i 0 try+ ! o!r day to recall ! ev5ts ( my own public life tw5ty-five ye>s ago an5t ! controv]sy :i* rag$ ab\t ! dise/abli%m5t ( ! ,iri% ,*ur*1 into :i* ,i plung$ ) ! vehem5ce ( e>ly manhood1 & ,i fail$ to di/+ui% ev5ts :i* mu/ h be5 sep>at$ by mon?s & ev5 by ye>s4 ,h[ mu* m easily mu/ o!rs h fail$ accurately to foll[ details ( ,/4 ,paul's life kn[n only to himself6 ,let u n[ see :e!r we _c h>monise ,/4 ,paul's autobiographical n>rative 9 ! ,epi/le ) ! ,evangeli/'s n>rative 9 ! ,acts2 always rememb]+1 h[ev]1 t an imp]fect k is nev] m completely felt ?an 9 su* cases4 ,:5 we try to h>monise an acc\nt writt5 f ! subjective side by "o individual ) an objective & ext]ior n>rative writt5 by "s "o else1 we are l a man look+ at a globe & try+ to take x all 9 at "o glance4 ,"o side mu/ be hidd5 f him2 & s 9 ?is case1 _m circum/ances are necess>ily conceal$ f u :i* w\ld solve difficulties t n[ completely puzzle u4 ,b let u to our task1 9 :i* we h d]iv$ mu* assi/ance f ! comm5t>y ( ,bi%op ,lightfoot ^u ,galatians4 ,/4 ,paul1 we are told 9 *4 ix4 #ai1 receiv$ meat aft] ! visit ( ,ananias & 0 /r5g!n$4 ,/4 ,paul 0 nev] "o ( ^? high-wr\ght fanatics :o despise food & ! c>e ( ! body4 ,!re 0 no?+ ( ! ,gno/ic or ! ,mani*ean ab\t him1 lead+ him to despise & neglect ! body :i* ! ,"l has giv5 to be ! s\l's in/rum5t4 ,he recognis$ "u all circum/ances t if ! human _s is to d its "w1 & if ,god's glory is to be promot$1 ! human body mu/ be su/a9$ 9 =ce & vig\r4 ,:5 he 0 on bo>d %ip & 9 imm95t p]il ( %ipwreck & dea?1 & m5 ?\ght !y %\ld be at _! pray]s1 ?9k+ ( ! next _w alone1 he took bread & bless$ & set ! crew & pass5g]s alike ! heal?y example ( eat+ a he>ty meal1 & ?us keep+ 8 body 9 due prep>ation = :atev] deliv]ances ! ,"l might "w = !m2 & s1 too1 at ,damascus1 8 spiritual joy & hall[$ peace & deep gratitude = 8 re/oration to sight did n prev5t him pay+ due att5tion to ! wants ( 8 body4 ,he took food1 & 0 /r5g!n$4 ,& n[ comes ! fir/ note ( "t4 ,!n 0 ,saul c]ta9 days ) ! disciples :i* 7 at ,damascus4 ,& /raightway 77 he prea*$ ,*ri/ 9 ! synagogues1 t ,he is ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! v same expression is us$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 ,galatians1 :]e1 aft] speak+ ( 8 conv]sion1 he says1 ,imm$iately 77 ,i conf]r$ n ) fle% & blood1 b w5t away into ,arabia1 & aga9 return$ unto ,damascus4 ,n[ my explanation1 & n m9e alone1 b t ( ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 is ?is4 ,aft] ! new conv]t _h re/$ = a %ort "t at ,damascus1 he retir$ into ! ,s9aitic des]t1 :]e he rema9$ = sev]al mon?s1 p]haps = a :ole ye>4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he disappe>$ f ! sight & k ( m5 z if ! e>? _h op5$ its m\? & swall[$ him4 ,!n he return$ to ,damascus & prea*$ ) su* p[] t ! ,jews =m$ a plot aga9/ 8 life1 enli/+ ! help ( ! gov]nor on _! side1 s t ev5 ! gates 7 wat*$ t he might be arre/$4 ,he escap$ _! h&s1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( 8 conv]ts1 & w5t up to ,j]usalem4#ef #ef ,mr4 ,lew91 9 8 ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #gb1 argues t ! gov]nor or e?n>*1 z he is call$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 #b ,cor4 xi4 #cb1 0 ! ,jewi% *ief magi/rate ( ,damascus1 appo9t$ to t po/ by ,aretas1 ,k+ ( ,petra1 :o !n held ,damascus4 ,! ,jews 7 all[$ by ! ,romans to h *ief magi/rates ( _! own :]ev] !y liv$ 9 l>ge colonies4 ,at ,alex&ria1 = in/ance1 :]e !y occupi$ a l>ge portion ( ! city1 ! ,jews 7 rul$ by an ,alab>*4 ,mr4 ,lew9 %[s 9 ! same place a picture ( ! exact spot 9 ! walls :]e ,/4 ,paul is by tradition said to h escap$4 ,b "h ano!r difficulty arises4 ,! ,acts tells u t :5 ,saul 0 come to ,j]usalem1 he assay$ to jo9 himself to ! disciples2 b !y 7 all afraid ( him1 & believ$ n t he 0 a disciple1 :]eupon ,b>nabas1 fulfill+ 8 (fice ( m$iation1 explanation1 & consolation1 took him & introduc$ him to ! ,apo/les2 :ile on ! o!r h& 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,galatians ,/4 ,paul himself speaks ( 8 fir/ visit to ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* ?us3 ,!n aft] ?ree ye>s ,i w5t up to ,j]usalem to visit ,cephas1 & t>ri$ ) him fifte5 days4 ,b o!r ( ! ,apo/les saw ,i none1 save ,james ! ,"l's bro!r4 ,n[ ! difficulty consi/s 9 ?is4 ,fir/1 h[ c\ld ! disciples at ,j]usalem h be5 suspici\s ( ,/4 ,paul1 if at lea/ a ye> & a half _h elaps$ s9ce 8 conv]sion8 = ! ,jewi% me?od ( c\nt+ "t w\ld n require ?ree :ole ye>s to h elaps$ s9ce t ev5t4 ,secondly1 h[ c\ld ,b>nabas h br\ght him to ! ,apo/les z ! ,acts /ates1 if ,/4 ,paul himself says he saw none ( !m save ,pet] & ,james8 ,z to ! fir/ difficulty1 we ackn[l$ge at once t x seems at fir/ sight a v consid]able "o1 & yet a little reflection w %[ t !re are _m explanations ( x4 ,if ,/4 ,paul kept quiet1 z we believe he did1 aft] 8 conv]sion & baptism1 & dep>t$ into ! solitudes ( ,arabia1 & !n ^u 8 return to ,damascus1 p]haps aft] a ye>'s retirem5t1 began 8 aggressive "w1 !re may n h be5 "t = ! ,*ur* at l>ge to get k ( ! facts4 ,communication1 aga91 may h be5 int]rupt$ because ( ! conte/ betwe5 ,h]od & ,aretas1 9 :i* ,damascus play$ no small "p4 ,communication may n h be5 possible betwe5 ! two ,*ur*es4#eg ,!n1 aga91 ! p]secution rais$ by ,saul himself seems to h practically extirpat$ ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* = a "t4 ,!y 7 all scatt]$ abroad except ! ,apo/les1 is ! acc\nt giv5 ( ! ,*ri/ian community at ,j]usalem4 ,! t]ror ( t p]secution may h la/$ _m a long mon?4 ,numb]s ( ! orig9al memb]s may nev] h v5tur$ back aga9 to ! ,holy ,city4 ,! ,j]usalem ,*ur* may h be5 a new =mation l>gely compos$ ( new conv]ts :o nev] _h he>d ( a wondr\s circum/ance :i* _h happ5$ a ye> or two be=e to ! high prie/'s delegate1 :i* ! ,sanh$r9 w\ld d\btless desire to keep secret4#eh #eg ,all ?\ght ab\t ,saul & 8 do+s may j !n h be5 swall[$ up 9 ! national excitem5t ab\t ,caligula & 8 attempt to set up 8 /atue 9 ! ,temple4 ,! tr\ble connect$ ) ! ,naz>5e sect w\ld seem to e true ,jew b a small matt] comp>$ ) ! outrage to ,jehovah ?reat5$ by ! mad emp]or4 ,see m ab\t ?is 9 ! next *apt]4 #eh ,x is expressly said 9 ,acts ix4 #bf t :5 ,saul came to ,j]usalem he tri$ to jo9 himself to ! disciples4 ,!y1 kn[+ only ( 8 record z a p]secutor1 7 afraid ( him4 ,!n ,b>nabas took him & br\ght him to ! apo/les4 ,^! & _m o!r consid]ations (f] !mselves :5 we /rive to ?r[ ourselves back into ! circum/ances ( ! "t & help to a solution ( ! fir/ difficulty :i* we h indicat$4 ,human life is su* a complex ?+ t ! /range/ comb9ations may easily f9d place !re94 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case we are s ignorant ( ! facts1 s _m hypo!ses (f] !mselves to acc\nt = ! seem+ inconsi/5cies1 t we hesitate n to id5tify ! visit to ,j]usalem m5tion$ 9 ! ,acts ) t record$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians4 ,! second difficulty to :i* we h allud$ is ?is1 ,h[ c\ld ,b>nabas h br\ght him to ! ,apo/les1 if ,/4 ,paul himself /ates t he saw none ( ! ,apo/les save ,pet] & ,james ! ,"l's bro!r8 ,we mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 t ,/4 ,luke & ,/4 ,paul wrote ) two di/9ct objects4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! ,galatians1 wi%$ to %[ ! indep5d5ce ( 8 revelations z reg>ds ! ,apo/les ( ! circumcision1 ! ,twelve te*nically s call$4 ,( ^! ,apo/les he saw n "o1 save ,/4 ,pet]4 ,/4 ,luke is giv+ a broad ext]nal acc\nt ( ! new conv]t's e>lie/ religi\s hi/ory1 & he tells u t on 8 fir/ visit to ! ,holy ,city 8 conv]sion 0 ackn[l$g$ & gu>ante$ by ! apo/les1--n ! ,twelve m]ely1 b ! apo/les1 t is1 ! s5ior memb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian community1 embrac+ n m]ely ! orig9al company *os5 by ,*ri/1 b all ! s5ior memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 l ,b>nabas1 ,james1 & o!rs :o may h =m$ a supreme c\ncil to guide ! affairs ( ! infant society4 ,! ^w apo/le1 9 fact1 is us$ v v>i\sly 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 sometimes 9 a limit$ s5se z conf9$ to ! ,twelve1 sometimes 9 a wid] & m g5]al s5se1 embrac+ m5 l ,b>nabas1 z 9 ,acts xiv4 #d1 #ad2 ,/4 ,james1 ! ,"l's bro!r1 z 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #g2 ,&ronicus & ,junias1 z 9 ,rom4 xvi4 #g1 & _m o!rs4 ,x is q possible1 !n1 t ,b>nabas may h br\ght ,saul to ! ,apo/olic c\ncil1 & told !re ! tale ( 8 conv]sion ?\gh n "o ( ! orig9al ,twelve 0 pres5t save ,/4 ,pet]4#ei #ei ,see ,bi%op ,lightfoot's diss]tation ^u ,/4 ,paul's fir/ visit to ,j]usalem1 & ! use ( ! t]m apo/le 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,galatians1 pp4 #ia-aja4 ,cf4 ,volume ,i4 ( ?is ,comm5t>y1 p4 #cdh4 ,we h n[ endeav\r$ to expla9 "s ( ! difficulties :i* a comp>ison ( ,/4 ,paul's own autobiographical n>rative ) ! ,acts discloses4 ,let u look aga9 at ! retirem5t into ,arabia4 ,?is retirem5t seems to u full ( in/ruction & pregnant ) mean+ = ! hidd5 z well z ! practical life ( ! s\l4 ,/4 ,paul z soon z he 0 baptiz$ retir$ into ,arabia2 & :y1 x may be ask$1 did he retire ?i!r8 ,"s ( ! anci5t expositors1 z ,/4 ,*ryso/om & ,/4 ,j]ome1 bo? ( :om wrote ab\t ! same p]iod1 ,a4,d4 #djj1 ?\ght t ,/4 ,paul retir$ into ,arabia 9 ord] t he might prea* to ! ,arabians4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 = in/ance1 comm5ts ?us3 ,see h[ f]v5t 0 8 s\l1 he 0 eag] to occupy l&s yet untill$4 ,he =?) attack$ a b>b>\s & savage p1 *oos+ a life ( conflict & ( mu* toil4 ,& ! explanations ( ,hil>y1 ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 ,!odoret1 & cum5ius1 all ( !m anci5t & acute expositors1 are ( exactly ! same "*4 ,n[ ?is w\ld h be5 a rev]sal ( ! ,div9e ord] 9 "o important aspect4 ,! p[] ( ! keys1 ! (fice ( op5+ ! k+dom ( heav5 to ! ,g5tiles _h be5 committ$ to ,/4 ,pet] by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he _h n z yet baptiz$ ,cornelius1 & ?us =mally op5$ ! door ( fai? to ! ,g5tiles4 ,if ,/4 ,paul _h prea*$ to ! ,arabians1 he w\ld h usurp$ ,/4 ,pet]'s place & function4 ,we believe1 on ! o!r h&1 t ,god l$ ! conv]t$ p]secutor into ! des]ts ( ,arabia = v diff]5t purposes4 ,let u note a few ( !m4 ,! ,"l l$ ,saul !re = ! purpose ( quiet & retirem5t4 ,! great comm5tators & expositors ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 z we h already not$1 us$ to call ,/4 ,paul by ! special title ( ,vas ,electionis1 ! *os5 vessel p> excell5ce1 *os5 because surpass+ 9 8 gifts & graces & a*ievem5ts all ! o!r ,apo/les4 ,n[ x 0 ) ! ,vas ,electionis 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z ) _m ( 8 types 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,:5 ,god w\ld prep>e ,moses = 8 life's "w 9 %eph]d+1 rul+1 & guid+ ,8 p ?r\gh ! des]ts ( ,arabia1 ,he fir/ call$ him = _m a long day into retirem5t to ! ,m\nt ( ,horeb & ! solitudes ( ! ,s9aitic des]t4 ,:5 ,god w\ld /r5g!n & console ! _s depress$1 w\nd$ & sev]ely smitt51 ( 8 s]vant ,elijah1 ,he br\ght him to ! same my/]i\s spot1 & !re re/or$ 8 moral & spiritual tone1 & equipp$ him ) new /r5g? = 8 w>f>e by ! visions ( ! ,almighty lov+ly v\*saf$ to him4 ,! ,f\nd] or ,=m] ( ! ,jewi% ,disp5sation & ! ,re=m] ( ! same ,disp5sation 7 prep>$ & su/a9$ = _! "w amid ! solitudes ( ! ,arabian des]ts2 & :at m fitt+ place 9 :i* ! ,vas ,electionis1 ! *os5 vessel ( ! ,new ,disp5sation1 %\ld be tra9$8 ,:at m suitable locality :]e ! ,"l ,jesus %\ld make ^? full] & complet] revelations ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e & my/]y :i* 8 s\l ne$$1 ?an !re :]e lightn+-bla/$ cliff & t[]+ m\nta9s all alike spoke ( ,god & ( ,8 deal+s ) mank9d 9 ! my/]i\s ages ( a long-dep>t$ pa/8 ,! ,"l ?us taught ,/4 ,paul1 & ?r\gh him tea*es ! ,*ur* ( e age1 ! ne$ ( seasons ( retirem5t & communion ) ,god prep>atory to & 9 close connexion ) any great "w or sc5e ( ext]nal activity1 su* z ,/4 ,paul 0 n[ ent]+ ^u4 ,x is a lesson mu* ne$$ by ?is age ( ours :5 m5 are tempt$ to ?9k s mu* ( practical "w :i* appe>s at once 9 evid5ce1 mak+ its pres5ce felt 9 tangible results1 & s v little ( devotional "w & spiritual retirem5t :i* _c be e/imat$ by any e>?ly /&>d or tabulat$ accord+ to our mod]n me?ods4 ,m5 are n[ incl9$ to ?9k labor>e e/ or>e1 & t active ext]nal "w fai?fully & vigor\sly r5d]$ c take ! place & supply ! want ( pray] & ?\ght1 ( quiet /udy & dev\t m$itation4 ,aga9/ su* a t5d5cy ! ,"l's deal+s ) ,/4 ,paul1 yea m1 ! ,div9e deal+s ) & lead+s ( ! et]nal ,son ,himself1 =m a l\d & speak+ prote/4 ,! _w 0 p]i%+ & m5 7 go+ d[n to ! grave 9 d>kness & ,satan & s9 7 triumph+1 & yet ,jesus 0 l$ up ( ! ,_s into ! wild]ness = =ty days1 & ,saul 0 br\ght out into ! des]ts ( ,arabia f amid ! teem+ cr[ds ( ,damascus t he might le>n ^? secrets ( ! ,div9e life :i* are be/ communicat$ to ^? :o wait ^u ,god 9 pati5t pray] & holy retirem5t4 ,?is is a lesson v necess>y = ?is hot & fitful & fev]i% age ( ours1 :5 m5 are 9 su* a hurry to h ev]y?+ set "r & e abuse de/roy$ all at once4 ,_! ha/e is n aft] ! ,div9e model1 & _! "w _c expect ! /ability & solidity we f9d 9 ,god's4 ,! n9ete5?-c5tury extreme is reprov$ by ,/4 ,paul's retirem5t into ,arabia4#fj ,man is1 h[ev]1 su* a creature t if he avoids "o extreme he g5]ally tumbles into ano!r4 ,& s x is 9 ?is matt]4 ,m5 h be5 ready to pu% ?is matt] ( retirem5t into an extreme1 & h consid]$ t !y 7 foll[+ ,/4 ,paul's example 9 retir+ into ! ,arabian & simil> des]ts & rema9+ !re4 ,b !y h made a great mi/ake4 ,/4 ,paul retir$ into ,arabia = a :ile1 & !n return$ aga9 unto ,damascus4 ,!y h retir$ into ! des]ts & h rema9$ !re engag$ 9 ! "o selfi% task ( sav+ _! own s\ls1 z !y ?\ght1 by ! ex]cises ( pray] & m$itation1 ap>t f t life ( active good works = ! sake ( o!rs :i* con/itutes ano!r dep>tm5t ( ,*ri/ianity equally vital to ! heal? ( ! s\l4 #fj ,we may apply ?is typical fact 9 primitive ,*ur* hi/ory 9 a v mod]n direction4 ,x w\ld be v well if c&idates = ! sacr$ m9i/ry always imitat$ ,/4 ,paul's dep>ture into ,arabia4 ,i h kn[n a great _m promis+ c>e]s spoil$ because "y deacons w\ld select a heavy1 labori\s t[n or city *>ge = ! op5+ "w ( _! m9i/ry4 ,!y "k no?+ ( life or ! _w4 ,!y "k no?+ ( prea*+ or pa/oral "w4 ,!y h1 too1 all _! mi/akes to make1 & !y select ! mo/ public place = _! p]petration4 ,b ?is is n ! wor/4 ,!y =m habits ( busy idl5ess & ( m5tal dissipation :i* nev] leave !m4 ,! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s ( a "y cl]gyman's life g5]ally det]m9e 8 :ole c>e]4 ,8 life nev] recov]s ! effect ( ! initial movem5t4 ,i ?9k ! great outcry1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& at lea/1 aga9/ s]mons l>gely ow+ to ! decay ( /udy result+ f premature activity on ! "p ( ! junior cl]gy4 ,premature developm5t 9 any direction is ev] foll[$ by premature decay1 & :5 a "y prie/ or deacon is engag$ e day & e night 9 ! week f an e>ly s]vice at #h a4m4 till night-s*ool is f9i%$ at #aj p4m4 9 ext]nal "w1 h[ c he prep>e = tea*+ an educat$ congregation on ,sundays8 ,& surely !re ought to be "s little consid]ation = ?9k+ m5 & educat$ wom5 z well z = o!rs4 ,! hi/ory ( ,ea/]n mona/icism is m>k$ f its e>lie/ days by an eag] desire to foll[ ,/4 ,paul 9 8 retirem5t into ,arabia1 & an equal dis9cl9ation to return ) him unto ,damascus4 ,& ?is *>act]i/ic1 ?is int5se devotion to a life ( solitude /rangely en\gh pass$ ov] to our own ,we/]n isl&s1 & is a dom9ant feature ( ! mona/icism :i* prevail$ 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& 9 ! days ( ,celtic ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,syrian & ,egyptian monks pass$ ov] to ,l]9s & ,s\!rn ,gaul1 :5ce _! disciples came to ,engl& & ,irel&1 :]e !y e/abli%$ !mselves1 br++ ) !m all _! ,ea/]n love ( solit>y des]ts4 ,?is ta/e !y p]petuat$1 z may be se5 especially on ! we/]n coa/ ( ,irel&1 :]e ! ru9s ( ext5sive mona/ic settlem5ts /ill exi/1 te/ify+ to ?is crav+4 ,! la/ isl&s1 = in/ance1 :i* a travell] sees z he /eams away f ,cork to ,am]ica1 are call$ ! ,skelligs4 ,!y are t5 miles we/ ( ! ,k]ry coa/1 & yet !re on ^! rocks :]e a boat _c l& sometimes = mon?s toge!r ! e>ly monks ( ! fif? & six c5turies e/abli%$ !mselves z 9 a des]t 9 ! ocean4 ,! topography ( ,irel& is full ( evid5ces & witnesses ( ?is desire to imitate ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles 9 8 ,arabian retirem5t4 ,!re are doz5s ( t[n l&s--subdivisions ( ! p>i%es--:i* are call$ des]ts or dis]ts1#fa because !y con/itut$ solitudes set ap>t = h]mit life aft] ! example ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ,arabia & ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ! des]ts ( ,juda4 ,:ile1 aga91 :5 we turn nor?w>ds along ! we/]n seabo>d ( ,irel&1 we %all f9d num]\s isl&s l ! ,skelligs1 ,ardoil5 or ! ,high ,isl&1 (f ! coa/ ( ,connem>a1 & ,innismurry (f ! ,sligo coa/1 :]e h]mit cells 9 ! regul> ,egyptian & ,syrian fa%ion 7 built1 & /ill exi/ z !y did a ?\s& ye>s ago1 te/ify+ to ! long+ ( ! human m9d = su* complete solitude & close communion ) ,god z ,saul enjoy$ :5 he dep>t$ f ,damascus4#fb ,! monks ( anci5t times may h run into "o extreme3 well w\ld x be = u if we c\ld avoid ! o!r1 & le>n to cultivate self-communion1 m$itation1 self-exam9ation1 & t realisation ( ! et]nal _w :i* ,god grants to ^? :o wait ^u ,him ap>t f ! bu/le & d9 & du/ ( e>?1 :i* clog ! spiritual s5ses & dim ! heav5ly vision4 #fa ,see ,joyce's ,iri% ,names ( ,places1 vol4 i41 p4 #cbe4 #fb ,i h t\*$ ^u ! subject ( ! connexion betwe5 ,syria & ,egypt & ,ori5tal mona/icism on ! "o h&1 & ,gaul1 ,engl&1 & ,irel& on ! o!r1 dur+ ! p]iod :i* elaps$ betwe5 ,a4,d4 #djj & #ijj1 9 ,irel& & ! ,celtic ,*ur*1 *s4 ix4 & xi4 ,i h discuss$ x at great] l5g? & ) full] details 9 two pap]s ^u ! ,k ( ,greek 9 ,gaul & ,irel&1 read be=e ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,febru>y #ahib1 n[ publi%$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( t body2 & also 9 two pap]s1 "o ^u ! ,isl& ,mona/]ies ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& & ! o!r on ,/4 ,fe*9 ( ,=e1 publi%$1 ! =m] 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,irel& = #ahia1 & ! latt] 9 ! same ,j\rnal = ,april #a/1 #ahib4 ,we c see _m o!r reasons :y ,paul 0 l$ into ,arabia4 ,he 0 l$ !re1 = in/ance1 t he might make a ?or\gh scrut9y ( 8 motives4 ,sil5ce1 sep>ation1 solitude1 h a wondr\s t5d5cy to make a man hone/ ) himself & humbly hone/ be=e 8 ,god4 ,saul might h be5 a hypocrite or a =mali/ else:]e1 :]e human eyes & jeal\s glances 7 b5t ^u him1 b sc>cely :5 !re alone ) ,jehovah 9 ! des]t4 ,aga91 ,saul 0 l$ !re t 8 s\l might be ennobl$ & enl>g$ by ! p[] ( magnific5t sc5]y1 ( high & hall[$ associations4 ,m\nta9 & cliff & flood1 specially ^? :i* h be5 magnifi$ & made hon\rable by gr& memories su* z mu/ h cr[d$ ^u ,saul's m9d1 h a m>vell\s effect1 enl>g+1 wid5+1 develop+1 ^u a s\l l ,saul's1 long cribb$1 cab9$1 & conf9$ )9 ! rigor\s bonds ( ,ph>isaic religionism4 ,saul1 too1 0 l$ up into ^? my/]i\s regions away f ! busy life & "w1 ! press+ calls ( ,damascus1 t he might speak a ^w 9 season to u all1 & especially to ^? "y 9 ! ,*ri/ian life1 :o ?9k 9 ! fir/ bur/ ( _! zeal & fai? z if !y _h no?+ to d b g 9 & possess ! :ole l&4 ,saul did n set out at once to evangelise ! masses ( ,damascus1 or to wa/e ! fir/ weak beg9n+s ( 8 spiritual life 9 /riv+ to b5efit or awak5 o!rs4 ,he 0 fir/ l$ away into ! des]ts ( ,arabia1 9 ord] t !re he might le>n ( ! deep ?+s ( ,god & ( ! weak ?+s ( 8 own nature1 & !n1 :5 ,god _h develop$ 8 spiritual /r5g?1 ,he l$ him back to ,damascus t he might te/ify out ( ! fulness ( a he>t :i* knew ! secrets ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,! tea*+ ( ,saul's example speaks l\dly to u all4 ,x 0 ! same ) ,saul z ) a great] ?an he4 ,! ,et]nal ,son ,himself 0 tra9$ amid ye>s & ye>s ( d>kness & secrecy1 & ev5 aft] ,8 baptism ! day ( ,8 manife/ation unto ,israel 0 delay$ yet a little4 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 no novice :5 ,he came prea*+4 ,& ,saul ( ,t>sus 0 no novice 9 ! ,*ri/ian life :5 he appe>$ z ! ,*ri/ian advocate 9 ! synagogue ( ,damascus4 ,well w\ld x h be5 = _m a s\l _h ?is ,div9e example be5 m closely copi$4 ,aga9 & aga9 h ! "y & ignorant & inexp]i5c$ be5 enc\rag$ to /& up z public tea*]s imm$iately aft] !y h be5 s]i\sly impress$4 ,!y h yield$ to ! unwise solicitation4 ,! vanity ( ! human he>t has second$ ! fooli% advice giv5 to !m1 & !y h tri$ to decl>e ! deep ?+s ( ,god :5 z yet !y h ne$ ( le>n+ ! v fir/ pr9ciples ( ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/4 ,is x any wond] t su* p]sons (t5times make %ipwreck ( fai? & a s\nd consci5ce8 ,tru? is v l>ge & wide & spaci\s1 & requires mu* "t & ?\ght if x is to be assimilat$2 & ev5 :5 tru? is grasp$ 9 all its mighty fulness1 !n !re are spiritual enemies )9 & )\t & spiritual pitfalls to be avoid$ :i* c be kn[n only by exp]i5ce4 ,woe is !n to t man :o is n assi/$ by grace & guid$ by ,div9e exp]i5ce1 & :o kn[s n ,god & ! p[]s ( ! _w to come1 & ! devi\s pa?s ( 8 own he>t1 z ^! ?+s c only be kn[n & le>n$ z ,saul ( ,t>sus knew & le>n$ !m 9 ! des]ts ( ,arabia4 ,!re 0 m>vell\s wisdom conta9$ 9 ! brief apo/olic law enact$ = c&idates = holy ord]s 9 words ga!r$ f ,/4 ,paul's own p]sonal hi/ory1 ,n a novice1 le/ be+ lift$ up ) pride he fall into ! condemnation ( ! devil4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,g5tile ,,conv]t4 ,n[ !re 0 a c]ta9 man 9 ,cs>ea1 ,cornelius by "n1 a c5turion ( ! b& call$ ! ,italian b&1 a dev\t man1 & "o t fe>$ ,god ) all 8 h\se1 :o gave mu* alms to ! p1 & pray$ to ,god alway4 ,he saw 9 a vision op5ly1 z x 7 ab\t ! n9? h\r ( ! day1 an angel ( ,god com+ 9 unto him1 & say+ to him1 ,cornelius4 ,& he1 fa/5+ 8 eyes ^u him1 & be+ affright$1 said1 ,:at is x1 ,"l8 ,& he said unto him1 ,?y pray]s & ?9e alms are gone up = a memorial be=e ,god4 ,& n[ s5d m5 to ,joppa1 & fet* "o ,simon1 :o is surnam$ ,pet]3 he lodge? ) "o ,simon a tann]1 ^: h\se is by ! sea side4--,,acts x4 #a-f4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at ano!r crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,day ( ,p5teco/1 ! conv]sion ( ,saul ( ,t>sus1 ! call ( ,cornelius1 & ! f\ndation ( ! ,g5tile ,*ur* ( ,antio* are1 if we are to pick & *oose amid ! ev5ts relat$ by ,/4 ,luke1 ! turn+-po9ts ( ! e>lie/ ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul is plac$ by ,/4 ,luke be=e ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius1 & is closely connect$ ) x4 ,let u !n inquire by :at ev5ts ,/4 ,luke unites ! two4 ,g]man comm5tators ( ! mod]n s*ool1 :o are no?+ unless !y are orig9al1 h n be5 will+ to all[ t ,/4 ,luke's n>rative is cont9u\s4 ,!y h assign$ v>i\s dates to ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius4 ,"s h made x prec$e ! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1 o!rs h fix$ x to ! "t ( ,paul's soj\rn 9 ,arabia1 & s on1 )\t any o!r solid reasons ?an :at _! own fancies sugge/4 ,i pref]1 h[ev]1 to ?9k t ,/4 ,luke's n>rative foll[s ! great broad outl9es ( ! ,*ri/ian /ory1 & sets =? ! ev5ts ( ! "t 9 a div9ely ord]$ sequ5ce4 ,at any rate ,i pref] to foll[ ! c\rse ( ev5ts z ! n>rative sugge/s !m1 till ,i see "s good reason to ?9k o!rwise4 ,i d n ?9k t ! m]e fact t ! sacr$ writ] /ates ev5ts 9 a c]ta9 ord] is a suffici5t reason to ?9k t ! true ord] mu/ h be5 q a diff]5t "o4 ,tak+ !m 9 ?is light !y yield !mselves v naturally to ! "w ( an expositor4 ,let u reflect !n ^u t sequ5ce z "h set =? = u4 ,saul ( ,t>sus w5t up to ,j]usalem to conf] ) ,/4 ,pet]1 :o _h be5 hi!rto ! lead+ _s ( ! apo/olic conclave4 ,he lab\r$ 9 ,j]usalem among ! ,hell5i/ic synagogues = "s fifte5 days4 ,a conspiracy 0 !n =m$ aga9/ 8 life4 ,! ,"l1 ev] wat*ful ov] ,8 *os5 s]vant1 w>n$ him to dep>t f ,j]usalem1 indicat+ to him z he pray$ 9 ! ,temple ! scope & sph]e ( 8 future "w1 say+1 ,dep>t3 = ,i w s5d !e =? f> h5ce unto ! ,g5tiles 7see ,acts xxii4 #ba74 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ,j]usalem1 hav+ le>n$ ! designs ( 8 enemies1 convey$ ,saul to ,cs>ea1 ! *ief ,roman port ( ,pale/9e1 :5ce !y despat*$ him to ,cilicia1 8 native prov9ce1 :]e he lab\r$ 9 obscurity & quietness = "s "t4 ,/4 ,pet] may h be5 "o ( ! rescue p>ty :o sav$ ,saul f ! h&s ( 8 enemies escort+ him to ,cs>ea1 & ?is circum/ance may h l$ him to ! we/]n di/rict ( ! c\ntry4 ,at any rate we f9d him soon aft] lab\r+ 9 ,we/]n ,pale/9e at "s di/ance f ,j]usalem4 ,philip ! ,evangeli/ _h be5 ov] ! same gr\nd a %ort "t previ\sly1 & ,/4 ,pet] may h be5 s5t =? by ! "m ,*ur* to sup]vise 8 "w & conf] t =mal imposition ( h&s :i* f ! beg9n+ has =m$ ! completion ( baptism1 & seems to h be5 res]v$ to ! ,apo/les or _! imm$iate delegates4 ,pet]'s visit to ,we/]n ,pale/9e1 to ,lydda & ,%>on & ,joppa1 may h be5 j l ! visit he _h paid "s "t previ\sly1 9 company ) ,/4 ,john1 to ! city ( ,sam>ia1 :5 he came = ! fir/ "t 9 contact ) ,simon ,magus4 ,/4 ,luke gives u "h a note ( "t help+ u to fix approximately ! date ( ! =mal admission ( ,cornelius & ! ,g5tiles into ! ,*ur*4 ,he m5tions t ! ,*ur*es !n enjoy$ peace & quietness all ?r\gh ,pale/9e1 enabl+ ,/4 ,pet] to g ^u 8 "w ( prea*+ & sup]vision4 ,x may p]haps /rike "s p]sons t ?is tempor>y peace mu/ h be5 atta9$ ?r\gh ! conv]sion ( ,saul1 ! mo/ active p]secutor4 ,b t ev5t _h happ5$ m ?an two ye>s be=e1 9 ! spr+ ( #cg ,a4,d41 &1 f> f dim9i%+1 w\ld probably h r int5sifi$ ! ho/ility ( ! ,jewi% hi]>*y4 ,x 0 n[ ! autumn ( ! ye> #ci1 & a bitt] _s /ill l+]$ at ,j]usalem1 z ,saul himself & ! :ole ,*ur* _h j prov$4 ,ext]nal au?orities1 ,jewi% & ,roman hi/ory1 "h /ep 9 to illu/rate & confirm ! sacr$ n>rative4 ,! ,emp]or ,caius ,caligula1 :o asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ! empire ab\t ! "t ( ,/eph5's m>tyrdom1 0 a /range "*4 ,he 0 :olly self-will$1 madly impi\s1 utt]ly c>eless ( human life1 z inde$ unreg5]ate mank9d ev] is4 ,*ri/ianity alone has taught ! preci\s value ( ! individual human s\l ! awful importance ( human life z ! probation "t = et]nity1 & has !reby ameliorat$ ! h>%ness ( human laws1 ! /]nness ( human rul]s1 ready to inflict capital puni%m5t on any pret5ce :atsoev]4 ,caligula det]m9$ to e/abli% ! wor%ip ( himself ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,he _h no opposition to dread f ! pagans1 :o 7 ready to adopt any cre$ or any cult1 no matt] h[ degrad+1 :i* _! rul]s prescrib$4 ,caligula knew1 h[ev]1 t ! ,jews 7 m ob/9ate1 because !y alone 7 consci\s t !y possess$ a ,div9e revelation4 ,he issu$ ord]s1 !re=e1 to ,petronius1 ! ,roman gov]nor ( ,syria1 ,pale/9e1 & ! ,ea/1 to erect 8 /atue 9 ,j]usalem & to compel ! ,jews to (f] sacrifice !reto4 ,josephus tells u ( ! opposition :i* ! ,jews (f]$ to ,caligula2 h[ !y ab&on$ _! agricultural op]ations & assembl$ 9 ?\s&s at diff]5t po9ts1 desir+ ,petronius to slay !m at once1 z !y c\ld nev] live if ! ,div9e laws 7 s violat$4 ,! :ole en]gies ( ! nation 7 = mon?s conc5trat$ on ?is "o object1 ! repeal ( ! impi\s decree ( ,caligula1 :i* !y at la/ atta9$ ?r\gh _! own det]m9ation & by ! int]v5tion ( ,h]od ,agrippa1 :o 0 !n at ,rome4#fc ,x 0 dur+ ?is awful p]iod ( unc]ta9ty & opposition t ! infant ,*ur* enjoy$ a brief p]iod ( repose & quiet gr[?1 because ! :ole nation f ! high prie/ to ! l[e/ begg> _h some?+ else to ?9k ( ?an h[ to p]secute a new sect t 0 z yet rigor\sly scrupul\s 9 obs]v+ ! law ( ,moses4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( repose f p]secution ,/4 ,pet] made 8 t\r ( inspection ?r\gh\t all p>ts1 ,sam>ia1 ,galilee1 ,juda1 t]m9at+ ) ,lydda1 :]e he heal$1 or at lea/ pray$ = ! heal+ (1 neas1#fd & ) ,joppa1 :]e 8 pray] 0 foll[$ by ! re/oration ( ,tabi?a or ,dorcas1 :o has giv5 a designation n[ widely appli$ to ! assi/ance :i* dev\t wom5 c give to _! poor] si/]s 9 ,*ri/4 #fc ,see ! :ole /ory told at l5g? 9 ,josephus1 ,antiquities1 ,book ,,xviii41 *4 viii41 #h1 & 9 8 ,w>s1 ,book ,,ii41 *4 x4 ,?is /ory1 :i* is little kn[n to ,bible /ud5ts1 is mo/ int]e/+4 ,x fully expla9s ! repose f p]secution :i* ! ,*ur* enjoy$ at ! "t ( ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius & helps u to fix its date4 ,9 ! ye> #ci ,petronius1 ! prefect ( ,syria1 receiv$ ord]s f ! ,emp]or ,caligula to set up 8 /atue z a god 9 ! ,temple4 ,he advanc$ to fulfil ! ,emp]or's comm& ) two legions & a numb] ( auxili>y troops1 & came z f> z ,ptolemais1 a m>itime t[n ( ,galilee1 :i* is m5tion$ 9 ,acts xxi4 #g z a place :]e ,/4 ,paul visit$ a ,*ur*1 ( :i* we he> no?+ else4 ,! ,jewi% nation met ! prefect !re 9 t5s ( ?\s&s1 entreat+ him to desi/ or else to put !m to imm$iate dea?4 ,he halt$ 8 army & appo9t$ a fur!r conf]5ce at ,tib]ias1 :]e ! p met him & cont9u$ _! entreaties = fifty days1 ?\gh x 0 se$-"t & a fam9e might result f _! neglect ( ! spr+ op]ations4 ,petronius susp5d$ 8 op]ations = ! "t1 & wrote back to ! ,emp]or an acc\nt ( ! ,jewi% opposition4 ,h]od ,agrippa too1 :o 0 !n at ,rome & 9 high fav\r ) ! ,emp]or1 l5t 8 assi/ance1 & obta9$ a tempor>y respite = ! ,jews by a timely & exp5sive banquet :i* he prep>$ = him4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ,a4,d4 #dj ,caligula1 h[ev]1 det]m9$ to set out & p]sonally compel ! ob$i5ce ( ! ,jews4 ,b 8 assass9ation 9 ,janu>y #da reliev$ _! appreh5sions1 & fre$ ! _w f ,caligula's mad freaks4 ,dur+ t p]iod ( anxiety1 la/+ fully a ye> & a half1 ! ,jews _h nei!r "t nor ?\ght = ! new sect1 :i* 0 oppos$ z /rongly z !mselves to ! ,emp]or's impi\s projects & ^: memb]s d\btless flung !mselves z he>tily into ! opposition4 ,! ,jews at ,alex&ria suff]$ at ! same "t a t]rible p]secution1 ( :i* ,philo & ,josephus tell3 see ,momms5's ,prov9ces ( ! ,roman ,empire1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #aij-if 7,dickson's ,translation74 ,?is is "o ( ^? incid5tal t\*es :i* prove ! wond]ful accuracy ( ?is book ( ! ,acts4 ,dr4 ,lightfoot has rem>k$ 7,essays on ,sup]natural ,religion7 t no book ( ! ,bible has s _m po9ts ( contact ) curr5t hi/ory & politics z ! ,acts1 & c !re=e be m easily te/$4 ,?is special case is an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! le>n$ bi%op's view4 #fd ,p]haps x is well to note t ?is is n ! classical ^w neas1 :i* 9 ,greek w\ld be repres5t$ by 1 b a diff]5t "n ) a %ort e1 & is writt5 9 ,greek 4 ,! latt] is f\nd 9 ,?ucydides & ,x5ophon3 see ,mey] 9 loco4 ,we ?us see h[ ,god by ! secret guidance ( ,8 ,_s1 %ap+ 8 c\rse by ways & roads kn[n only to ,himself1 l$ ,/4 ,pet] to ! h\se ( ,simon ! tann]1 :]e he abode _m days wait+ 9 pati5ce to "k ,god's m9d & w :i* 7 soon to be op5$ out to him4 ,we h n[ trac$ ! l9e ( ev5ts :i* connect ! conv]sion ( ,saul ( ,t>sus ) t ( ,cornelius ! c5turion ( ,cs>ea4 ,let u apply ourselves to ! circum/ances surr\nd+ ! latt] ev5t1 :i* is ( su* vital importance to u ,g5tile ,*ri/ians z hav+ be5 ! =mal ,div9e proclamation to ! ,*ur* & to ! _w t ! my/]y :i* _h be5 hid = ages 0 n[ made manife/1 & t ! ,g5tiles 7 spiritually on an equality ) ! ,jews4 ,! ,*ur* 0 n[ ab\t to bur/ ! bonds :i* _h re/ra9$ x = five ye>s at lea/4 ,we /& by ! bir? ( ,european ,*ri/5dom & ( mod]n civilisation4 ,x is well1 !n1 t we %\ld le>n & inw>dly dige/ e1 ev5 ! slighte/1 detail conc]n+ su* a transc5d5t & notable crisis4 ,let u take !m briefly "o by "o z ! sacr$ n>rative reports !m4 ,i4 ,i note1 !n1 9 ! fir/ place t ! "t ( ?is conv]sion 0 wisely & provid5tially *os54 ,! "t 0 j ab\t eight ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion & ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,"t en\gh !re=e _h elaps$ = ,*ri/ianity to take root among ! ,jews4 ,?is 0 mo/ important4 ,! gospel 0 fir/ plant$ among ! ,jews1 took =m & life & %ape1 ga9$ its initial impulse & direction among ,god's anci5t p 9 ord] t ! con/itution1 ! discipl9e1 & ! wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* might be fram$ on ! anci5t ,jewi% model & might be built up by m5 ^: m9ds 7 ca/ 9 a cons]vative m\ld4 ,n t we h ! old law ) its we>isome & burd5some ritual p]petuat$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,t law 0 a yoke too heavy = man to be>4 ,b1 !n1 ! highe/ & be/ elem5ts ( ! old ,jewi% sy/em h be5 p]petuat$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!re 0 9 ,judaism by ,god's own appo9tm5t a public m9i/ry1 a ?reefold public m9i/ry too1 ex]cis$ by ! high prie/1 ! prie/s1 & ! ,levites4 ,!re is 9 ,*ri/ianity a ?reefold m9i/ry ex]cis$ by bi%ops1 presbyt]s or eld]s1 & deacons4#fe ,!re 7 9 ,judaism public & consecrat$ sanctu>ies1 fix$ liturgies1 public read+ ( ,god's ,^w1 a s]vice ( *oral wor%ip1 hymns ( joy & ?anksgiv+1 ! sacram5ts ( ,holy ,communion & baptism 9 a rudim5t>y %ape2 all ^! 7 transf]r$ f ! old sy/em t 0 pass+ away into ! new sy/em t 0 tak+ its place4 ,_h ! ,g5tiles be5 admitt$ mu* e>li] all ?is might n h s easily happ5$4 ,m5 d n easily *ange _! habits4 ,habits1 inde$1 are *a9s :i* rivet !mselves ye> by ye> ) ev]-increas+ p[] r\nd our natures2 & ! ,jewi% conv]ts br\ght _! habits ( ?\ght & wor%ip into ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 e/abli%+ !re ^? in/itutions ( pray] & wor%ip1 ( sacram5tal communion & prea*+ :i* we /ill enjoy4 ,b we mu/ obs]ve1 on ! o!r h&1 t1 _h ! ,g5tiles be5 admitt$ a little lat]1 ! ,*ur* might h assum$ too ,jewi% & ,levitical an aspect4 ,?is pause ( eight ye>s1 dur+ :i* ,jews alone =m$ ! ,*ur*1 is ano!r in/ance ( ^? delays ( ! ,"l#ff :i*1 :e!r !y happ5 9 public or 9 private life1 are always f\nd 9 ! long run to be wise1 bless$1 & provid5tial ?+s1 ?\gh = a "t !y may seem d>k & my/]i\s1 accord+ to t anci5t /ra9 ( ! ,psalmi/1 ,wait on ! ,"l1 444 & ,he %all /r5g!n ?9e he>t3 wait1 ,i say1 ^u ! ,"l4#fg #fe ,i d n int5d to raise any disput$ "q z to ,*ur* polity & gov]nm5t 9 ?is book1 & s ,i may po9t out1 )\t compromis+ my own views 9 ! lea/1 t ev5 a ,presbyt]ian may agree 9 ?is /atem5t1 z he may hold t 8 own tea*+ eld] or m9i/] corresponds to ! primitive bi%op1 8 rul+ eld]s to ! presbyt]s1 & 8 own deacons to ! anci5t deacons4 ,presbyt]ianism claims ?us a ?reefold m9i/ry z well z ,episcopacy4 #ff ,:at a f9e subject = hi/orical /udy ! delays ( ! ,"l w\ld prove4 ,! delay ( ! ,inc>nation till ! _w 0 ready is a supreme in/ance ( !m4 ,! delay ( ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity1 ( ! break up ( ! ,roman ,empire1 ( ! ,re=mation s (t5 attempt$ b nev] effect$ till ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ & ! revival ( le>n+1--^! & num]\s o!r illu/rations fl+ light ^u ! d>kness :i* /ill surr\nds ! ,div9e me?ods & disp5sations amid :i* we live4 #fg ,?is & sev]al o!r ?\ghts 9 ?is *apt] w be f\nd work$ out 9 a s]mon ( ,bi%op ,jebb1 a well-kn[n prea*] ( ! la/ g5]ation :o is n[ almo/ =gott54 ,yet he publi%$ sev]al volumes ( s]mons & o!r !ological works1 :i* _h no small influ5ce 9 lay+ ! f\ndations ( ! ,ox=d movem5t4 ,8 s]mons are full ( matt]1 ?\gh n compos$ 9 a mod]n /yle4 ,?is _c be wond]$ at :5 we f9d f 8 well-kn[n correspond5ce ) ,alex&] ,knox t a s+le s]mon sometimes 0 ! "w ( sev]al mon?s1 if n ev5 ye>s4 ,! leisurely "* ( ev5 busy lives 9 ! op5+ ye>s ( ?is c5tury is /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ! correspond5ce betwe5 ^! le>n$ m54 ,bi%op ,jebb prea*$ a s]mon 9 #ahjd on ! well-kn[n ,v9c5tian rule ( fai?1 ,quod semp]1 quod ubique1 etc4 ,?is s]mon he elaborat$ till #ahae1 & !n publi%$ x4 ,x play$ no small "p 9 religi\s controv]sies betwe5 #ahae & #ahdj1 z a ref]5ce to ! ,*ri/ian ,obs]v]1 ! ,*ri/ian ,exam9]1 & o!r religi\s p]iodicals ( t "t w %[4 ,,ii4 ,aga91 ! place :]e ! ,*ur* bur/ its ,jewi% %ell & em]g$ into full gospel fre$om is notewor?y4 ,x 0 at ,cs>ea4 ,x is a great pity t p d n make m use ( maps 9 _! /udy ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,sunday ev5+s are (t5 a dull "t 9 ,*ri/ian h\seholds1 & ! b>e me*anical read+ ( ,scripture & ( good books (t5 only makes !m dull]4 ,h[ mu* liveli]1 int]e/+1 & in/ructive !y w\ld be 7 an attempt made to trace ! j\rneys ( ! apo/les ) a map1 or to /udy ! sc5es :]e !y lab\r$--,j]usalem1 ,cs>ea1 ,damascus1 ,ephesus1 ,a!ns1 & ,rome--) "s ( ! helps :i* mod]n s*ol>%ip & comm]cial ent]prise n[ place )9 easy rea*4 ,i c speak ?us ) ! =ce ( p]sonal exp]i5ce1 = my own ke5 int]e/ 9 ?is book :i* ,i am exp\nd+ dates f ! ,sunday ev5+s ( boyhood ?us sp5t1 ?\gh )\t _m ( ! aids :i* n[ lie )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,?is is ess5tially ! mod]n me?od ( /udy1 especially 9 matt]s hi/orical4 ,a mod]n inve/igator & explor] ( ,bible sites & l&s has well express$ ?is tru? :5 he said1 ,topography is ! f\ndation ( hi/ory4 ,if we are ev] to und]/& hi/ory1 we mu/ und]/& ! places :]e t hi/ory 0 transact$4#fh ,! celebrat$ hi/orians ! late ,mr4 ,freeman & ,mr4 ,gre5 work$ a revolution 9 ,engli% hi/orical me?ods by tea*+ p t an indefatigable use ( maps & a c>eful /udy ( ! physical features ( any c\ntry are absolutely ne$ful = a true conception ( its hi/ory4 ,9 ?is respect at lea/ secul> hi/ory & sacr$ hi/ory are alike4 ,)\t a c>eful /udy ( ! map we _c und]/& ,god's deal+s ) ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 z is manife/ f ! case ( ,cs>ea at :i* we h arriv$4 ,! n>ratives ( ! ,gospels & ( ! ,acts w be confus$1 un9telligible1 unless we und]/& t !re 7 two ,cs>eas 9 ,pale/9e1 "o nev] m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospels1 ! o!r nev] m5tion$ 9 ! ,acts4 ,cs>ea ,philippi 0 a celebrat$ city ( ,nor?-ea/]n ,pale/9e4 ,x 0 :5 our ,"l 0 )9 its bord]s t ,/4 ,pet] made 8 celebrat$ confession1 ,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god1 told ( 9 ,/4 ,mat!w xvi4 #ac-af4 ,?is is ! only ,cs>ea ( :i* we he> 9 ! ,gospels4 ,x 0 an inl& t[n1 built by ! ,h]ods 9 jo9t hon\r ( !mselves & ( _! patrons ! ,emp]ors ( ,rome1 & bore all ! traces ( its orig94 ,x 0 decorat$ ) a spl5did pagan temple1 0 a ?or\ghly pagan t[n1 & 0 !re=e abhorr$ by e true ,jew4 ,!re 0 ano!r ,cs>ea1 ! great ,roman port ( ,pale/9e & ! capital1 :]e ! ,roman gov]nors resid$4 ,x 0 situat$ 9 ! bord]s ( ,phnicia1 9 a nor?-we/]ly direction f ,j]usalem1 ) :i* x 0 connect$ by a f9e milit>y road4#fi ,?is ,cs>ea _h be5 orig9ally built by ,h]od ! ,great4 ,he sp5t twelve ye>s at ?is und]tak+1 & succe$$ 9 mak+ x a spl5did monum5t ( ! magnific5ce ( 8 conceptions4 ,! seabo>d ( ,pale/9e is totally devoid to ?is day ( safe h>b\rs4 ,h]od con/ruct$ a h>b\r at va/ exp5se4 ,let u he> ! /ory ( its f\ndation 9 ! v words ( ! ,jewi% hi/orian4 ,josephus tells u t ,h]od1 obs]v+ t ,joppa & ,dora are n fit = hav5s on acc\nt ( ! impetu\s s\? w9ds :i* beat ^u !m1 :i*1 roll+ ! s&s :i* come f ! sea aga9/ ! %ores1 d n admit ( %ips ly+ 9 _! /ation2 b ! m]*ants are g5]ally !re =c$ to ride at _! an*ors 9 ! sea itself4 ,s ,h]od endeav\r$ to rectify ?is inconv5i5ce1 & laid out su* a compass t[>d ! l& z might be suffici5t = a hav51 :]e9 ! great %ips might lie 9 safety2 & ?is he effect$ by lett+ d[n va/ /ones ( above fifty feet 9 l5g?1 n less ?an eighte5 9 bread? & n9e 9 dep?1 into tw5ty fa?oms deep4#gj ,! ,romans1 :5 !y took possession ( ,pale/9e1 adopt$ & develop$ ,h]od's plans1 & e/abli%$ ,cs>ea on ! coa/ z ! p]man5t resid5ce ( ! procurator ( ,pale/9e4 ,& x 0 a wise policy4 ,! ,romans1 l ! ,engli%1 _h a g5ius = gov]nm5t4 ,!y fix$ _! prov9cial capitals ^u or ne> ! sea-coa/ t _! communications might be ev] kept op54 ,?us 9 our own case ,calcutta1 ,bombay1 ,madras1 ,capet[n1 ,quebec1 & ,dubl9 are all seaport t[ns4 ,& s 9 anci5t times ,antio*1 ,alex&ria1 ,t>sus1 ,ephesus1 ,m>seilles1 ,cor9?1 ,london1 7 all seaports & prov9cial ,roman capitals z ,cs>ea 0 9 ,pale/9e4 ,& x 0 a v wise policy4 ,! ,jews 7 a fi]ce1 bold1 det]m9$ p :5 !y revolt$4 ,if ! seat ( ,roman rule _h be5 fix$ at ,j]usalem1 a rebellion might completely cut (f all effective relief f ! besieg$ g>rison1 :i* w\ld nev] happ5 at ,cs>ea s long z ! comm& ( ! sea 0 ve/$ 9 ! va/ navies :i* ! ,roman ,/ate possess$4 ,cs>ea 0 to a l>ge ext5t a ,g5tile city1 ?\gh )9 "s sev5ty miles ( ,j]usalem4 ,x _h a consid]able ,jewi% population ) _! att5dant synagogues1 b ! mo/ prom95t features 7 pagan temples1 "o ( !m s]v+ = a ligh?\se & beacon = ! %ips :i* cr[d$ its h>b\r1 toge!r ) a !atre & an amphi!atre1 :]e sc5es 7 daily enact$ f :i* e s9c]e ,jew mu/ h %runk ) horror4 ,su* 0 ! place--a mo/ fitt+ place1 ,g5tile1 pagan1 idolatr\s to ! v core & c5tre--:]e ,god *ose to reveal ,himself z ,fa!r ( ! ,g5tiles z well z ( ! ,jews1 & %[$ ,*ri/'s gospel z a light to light5 ! ,g5tiles z well z ! glory ( ,8 p ,israel4 #fh ,see ,ramsay's ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 pp4 #ea1 #eb4 #fi ,! mo/ detail$ acc\nt ( ,cs>ea-on-!-,sea1 its ru9s & pres5t /ate1 w be f\nd 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,survey ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #ac-bi4 ,x is accompani$ ) plans & maps1 :i* %[ t anci5t ,roman ,cs>ea 0 t5 times ! size ( ! m$ival city :i* ! ,crusad]s occupi$4 ,geikie's ,! ,holy ,l& & ! ,bible1 *4 iv41 gives a v int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! anci5t & mod]n /ate ( ,cs>ea4 #gj ,see ,josephus1 ,antiquities1 ,,xv4 ix4 #f2 ,w>s ( ,jews1 ,i4 xxi4 ,mr4 ,lew91 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 ii41 *4 iv41 sp5ds sev]al pages 9 an elaborate discussion ( ! build+s & plan ( ,cs>ea1 to :i* x mu/ "h suffice to ref]4 ,,iii4 ,!n1 aga91 ! p]son *os5 z ! *annel ( ?is revelation is a /rik+ "*4 ,he 0 ,cornelius by "n1 a c5turion ( ! b& call$ ! ,italian b&4#ga ,"h1 !n1 we note fir/ ( all t ,cornelius 0 a ,roman soldi]4 ,let u pause & reflect ^u ?is4 ,9 no respect does ! ,new ,te/am5t display m cle>ly its ,div9e orig9 ?an 9 ! mann] 9 :i* x rises sup]ior to m]e prov9cialism4 ,!re are no n>r[ national prejudices ab\t x l ^? :i* n[adays lead ,engli%m5 to despise o!r nations1 or ^? :i* 9 anci5t times l$ a ?or\gh-go+ ,jew to look d[n ) sov]eign contempt on ! ,g5tile _w z m]e dogs & outca/s4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t taught t all m5 7 equal & 7 bro!rs 9 blood1 & ?us laid ! f\ndations ( ^? mod]n conceptions :i* h well-nigh swept slav]y f ! face ( civilis$ ,*ri/5dom4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t & its tea*+ is ! p>5t ( t mod]n lib]alism :i* n[ rules e circle1 no matt] :at its political designation4 ,9 no respect does ?is univ]sal ca?olic feel+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t display itself m cle>ly ?an 9 ! pictures x pres5ts to u ( ,roman milit>y m54 ,!y are uni=mly mo/ fav\rable4 ,)\t "o s+le exception ! pictures drawn = u ( e c5turion & soldi] m5tion$ 9 ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are bright ) "s elem5t ( good %9+ out conspicu\sly by way ( fav\rable contra/1 :5 br\ght side by side ) ! ,jewi% p1 ^u :om m abundant & m bless$ privileges _h be5 9 va9 lavi%$4 ,let u j note a few in/ances :i* w illu/rate our view4 ,! soldi]s s\ght ,john's baptism & humbly receiv$ ,john's p5it5tial advice & direction :5 prie/s & scribes reject$ ! ,"l's mess5g] 7,luke iii4 #ad74 ,a soldi] & a c5turion receiv$ ,*ri/'s comm5dation = ! ex]cise ( a fai? surpass+ 9 its range & spiritual p]ception any fai? :i* ! ,ma/] _h f\nd )9 ! b\nds & limits ( ,israel accord+ to ! fle%4 ,v]ily ,i h n f\nd s great fai?1 no1 n 9 ,israel1 7 ,*ri/'s almo/ wond]+ words z ,he he>d ! confession ( ,8 ,god-l nature1 ,8 ,div9e p[] involv$ 9 ! c5turion's pray] ( humility1 ,i am n wor?y t ,?\ %\lde/ come "u my ro(3 b only say ! ^w1 & my s]vant %all be heal$ 7cf4 ,matt4 viii4 #e-ac74 ,s 0 x aga9 ) ! c5turion to :om ! details ( our ,"l's execution 7 committ$4 ,he too is pa9t$ 9 a fav\rable light4 ,he _h an op5 m9d1 will+ to receive evid5ce4 ,he receiv$ t evid5ce "u ! mo/ unfav\rable conditions4 ,8 m9d 0 conv9c$ ( our ,"l's mission & "*1 n by ,8 triumphs1 b by ,8 app>5t defeat4 ,z ! victim ( ,jewi% malice & prejudice yield$ up ! gho/ & committ$ ,8 pure1 unspott$ s\l to ! h&s ( ,8 heav5ly ,fa!r1 !n x 0 t1 /ruck by ! sup]natural _s ( love & g5tl5ess & =giv5ess--^? great =ces ( ,*ri/ianity :i* nev] at any o!r "t or 9 any o!r age h _h _! full & fair play--! c5turion yield$ ! ass5t ( 8 affections & ( 8 intellect to ! ,div9e mission ( ! suff]+ ,savi\r1 & cri$1 ,truly ?is man 0 ! ,son ( ,god 7,matt4 xxvii4 #ed74 ,s x 0 aga9 ) ,julius ! c5turion1 :o c\rte\sly entreat$ ,/4 ,paul on 8 voyage z a prison] to ,rome 7,acts xxvii4 #c72 & s aga9 x 0 ) ,cornelius ! c5turion1 ( ! b& call$ ! ,italian b&4 #ga ,cornelius 0 a c5turion ( ! ,italian b&4 ,?is is ano!r ( ! accid5tal co9cid5ces :i* atte/ ! g5u95ess ( ! ,acts4 ,! ,roman army 0 divid$ into two broad divisions1 ! legions & ! auxili>y =ces4 ,n[ ! legions 7 nev] p]man5tly qu>t]$ 9 ,pale/9e till ! great w> :i* end$ 9 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 :i* began 9 ,a4,d4 #ff & end$ 9 ,a4,d4 #gj4 ,a legion 0 !n = ! fir/ "t /ation$ ) a fix$ camp ^u ! site ( ! ,holy ,city3 see ,momms5's ,roman ,prov9ces1 ii4 #bah4 ,! auxili>y =ces 7 a k9d ( militia rais$ ^u ! spot4 ,pale/9e 0 made a prov9ce ( ! second rank 9 ,a4,d4 #f1 & f t "t to ! ye> #ff 0 g>rison$1 l all second-rank prov9ces1 exclusively by auxili>y troops1 ! headqu>t]s ( :i* 7 at ,cs>ea4 ,^! auxili>ies1 recruit$ among/ ! ,sam>itans & ,syrian ,greeks1 numb]$ "o ala & five cohorts1 ab\t ?ree ?\s& m53 see ,momms51 loc4 cit41 p4 #ahf4 ,x w\ld n h be5 prud5t1 h[ev]1 to h a g>rison 9 ,pale/9e exclusively compos$ ( troops locally recruit$1 ev5 ?\gh re/rict$ to ,sam>itans & ,syrians1 j z no prud5t ,engli% gov]nm5t w\ld g>rison ,irel& ) a militia drawn f ,ul/] ,orangem5 alone4 ,! ,roman ,gov]nm5t !re=e m+l$ ) ! g>rison ( ,cs>ea an auxili>y cohort compos$ ( ,italians4 ,!re 7 ?irty-two ,italian auxili>y cohorts :i* 7 ?us us$ z a salut>y precaution aga9/ trea*]y on ! "p ( ! local militia4 ,see1 on ?is int]e/+ po9t1 ,m>qu>dt1 ,l' ,organisation ,militaire *ez les ,roma9s1 p4 #ahi 7,fr5* ,edition71 :]e ?is le>n$ ,g]man writ] (t5 quotes ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les to illu/rate ! milit>y arrangem5ts 9 ,pale/9e dur+ ! fir/ sixty ye>s ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,su* 0 ! milit>y organisation ( ,pale/9e f ,a4,d4 #f to #ff4 ,aft] t p]iod ,pale/9e 0 rul$ 9 ! /]ne/ milit>y mann]1 & treat$ l a bord] prov9ce subject to m>tial law ) legion>ies scatt]$ all ov] x4 ,n[ if ! ,acts 7 writt5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! second c5tury1 a writ] w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h miss$ ! correct description ( ! troops /ation$ at ,cs>ea z ,/4 ,luke gives x 9 ?is passage4 ,see also ! article ,ex]citus 9 ! new edition ( ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,roman & ,greek ,antiquities2 ,momms51 on ! ,roman ,legions1 9 ,ephem]is ,epigraphica1 vol4 v4 & ,pfitzn]1 ,ges*i*te d] ,rmis*5 ,kais]legion54 ,n[ h[ comes ?is to pass8 ,:at a /rik+ evid5ce ( ! work+s & pres5ce ( ! ,div9e ,_s 9 ! writ]s ( our sacr$ books we may f9d 9 ?is fact6 ,! ,roman soldi]s 7 ( c\rse ! symbols to a patriotic ,jew ( a hat$ =eign sway1 ( an idolatr\s jurisdiction & rule4 ,a ,jew un9flu5c$ by sup]natural grace & unguid$ by ,div9e inspiration w\ld nev] h drawn su* pictures ( ,roman c5turions z ! ,new ,te/am5t has h&$ d[n to u4 ,! pictures1 inde$1 drawn by ! opposition press ( any c\ntry is n g5]ally a fav\rable "o :5 deal+ ) ! p]sons & (ficials ( ! dom9ant p>ty4 ,b ! apo/les--,jews ?\gh !y 7 ( n>r[1 prov9cial1 prejudic$ ,galilee--_h drunk deep ( ! _s ( ! new religion4 ,!y recognis$ t ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,k+ ( ! k+dom ( heav51 c>$ no?+ ab\t :at =m ( gov]nm5t m5 liv$ "u4 ,!y knew t ,*ri/ ignor$ all diff]5ces ( climate1 age1 sex1 nationality1 or employm5t4 ,!y felt t ! only di/9ctions recognis$ 9 ,*ri/'s k+dom 7 spiritual di/9ctions1 & !re=e !y recognis$ ! s\l ( goodness :]ev] f\nd4 ,!y welcom$ ! hone/ & true he>t1 no matt] b5ea? :at sk9 x beat1 & f\nd !re=e 9 _m ( ^! ,roman soldi]s "s ( ! able/1 ! mo/ devot$1 & ! mo/ effective s]vants & tea*]s ( ! ,cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,v]ily ! univ]sal & ca?olic pr9ciples ( ! new religion :i* f\nd _! fir/ =mal proclamation 9 ! age ( ,cornelius met ) an ample v9dication & a full rew>d 9 ! trophies won & ! conv]ts ga9$ f su* an unpromis+ s\rce z ! ranks ( ! ,roman army4 ,?is seems to me "o reason = ! fav\rable notices ( ! ,roman soldi]s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,div9e ,_s wi%$ to impress ^u mank9d t bir?1 position1 or employm5t h no influ5ce ^u a man's /ate 9 ,god's sight1 & to prove by a numb] ( typical examples t spiritual conditions & excell5ce alone avail to f9d fav\r ) ! ,almighty4 ,ano!r reason1 h[ev]1 may be f\nd = ?is fact4 ,! ,scriptures nev] make light ( discipl9e or tra9+4 ,tra9 up a *ild 9 ! way he %\ld g is a ,div9e precept4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 8 ,pa/oral ,epi/les1 lays d[n z "o great qualification = a bi%op t he %\ld h ?is p[] ( ex]cis+ discipl9e & rule at home z well z abroad3 ,= if he kn[e? n h[ to rule 8 own h\se1 h[ %all he take c>e ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god8 7#a ,tim4 iii4 #e74 ,by discipl9e1 ! discipl9e ( ,egypt & ! wild]ness1 did ,god prep>e ,8 p = ,canaan4 ,by ! discipl9e ( captivity & disp]sion1 by ! discipl9e ( ,greek philosophy spread+ novel intellectual ideas1 by ! discipl9e ( ,roman dom9ion execut+ mighty public works1 c>ry+ roads & int]communication to ! remote/ & mo/ b>b>\s nations1 did ,god prep>e ! _w = ! revelation ( ,8 ,son4 ,by ! discipl9e ( life1 by joy & sorr[1 by /rife & suff]+1 by p>t+ & by loss1 does ,god /ill prep>e ,8 fai?ful ones = ! beatific vision ( et]nal beauty1 = ! re/ & joy ( ev]la/+ peace4 ,& discipl9e work$ out its usual results on ^! milit>y m51 ev5 ?\gh x 0 only an imp]fect & pagan discipl9e :i* ^! ,roman soldi]s receiv$4 ,let u note c>efully h[ ?is 04 ,! _w ( unreg5]ate man at ! "t ( our ,"l's appe>ance _h become utt]ly selfi%4 ,discipl9e ( e k9d _h be5 flung (f4 ,self-re/ra9t 0 practically unkn[n1 & ! devil & 8 works fl\ri%$ 9 e circle1 br++ =? ! fruits ( wick$ness1 uncleanness1 & impurity 9 e direction4 ,! army 0 ! only place or region :]e 9 ^? times any k9d ( discipl9e or self-re/ra9t 0 practis$4 ,= no army c p]mit--ev5 if x be an army ( a!i/s--pr(ligacy & drunk5ness to rage1 flaunt+ !mselves b5ea? ! v eye ( ! sun4 ,& z ! spiritual result we f9d t ?is small measure ( pagan discipl9e act$ z a prep>ation = ,*ri/ianity1 & became "u ! ,div9e guidance ! means ( fitt+ m5 l ,cornelius ( ,cs>ea = ! reception ( ! gospel message ( purity & peace4#gb #gb ,! ,roman camps 7 also ! be/ tra9+-s*ools = ! old-fa%ion$ virtues ( fai?fulness1 /raight=w>dness1 & h>dihood2 & 9 !m 7 to be f\nd ! be/ types ( ! old ,roman "*1 :i*1 z morali/s compla9$1 7 to be f\nd else:]e no m4 ,if ! funds ( a c\ntry t[n _h fall5 into disord]1 or uprightness 0 ne$$ = a special po/1 ! curator *os5 by ! ,gov]nm5t 0 (t5 an old soldi]1 :o _h long be5 tri$ & tru/$2 & e>ly ,*ri/ian hi/ory ?r[s1 incid5tally1 a fav\rable light ^u ! moral qualities ( ! ,roman (fic]4 ,^! qualities 7 ma9ly =m$ by ?or\ghness ( "w & discipl9e4--,w4 ,w4 ,,capes1 ,! ,e>ly ,empire1 p4 #baj4 ,b we obs]ve t ,cornelius ! c5turion _h "o special feature :i* made him peculi>ly fitt$ to be ,god's in/rum5t = op5+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? to ! ,g5tile _w4 ,! *oice ( ,cornelius is m>k$ by all t skill & prud5ce1 t c>eful adaptation ( means to ends :i* ! ,div9e workman%ip1 :e!r 9 nature or 9 grace1 ev] displays4 ,!re 7 _m ,roman c5turions /ation$ at ,cs>ea1 yet none 0 *os5 save ,cornelius1 & t because he 0 a dev\t man :o fe>$ ,god ) all 8 h\se1 pray+ to ,god always1 & giv+ mu* alms to ! p4 ,he fe>$ ,jehovah1 he fa/$1 pray$1 obs]v$ ,jewi% h\rs ( devotion4 ,8 habits 7 mu* m ^? ( a dev\t ,jew ?an ( a pagan soldi]4 ,he 0 popul> ) ! ,jewi% p !re=e1 l ano!r c5turion ( :om x 0 said by ! ,jewi% (ficials !mselves he love? our nation & ha? built u a synagogue4 ,! selection ( ,cornelius z ! lead] & fir/fruits ( ! ,g5tiles unto ,god 0 em95tly prud5t & wise4 ,god :5 ,he is work+ out ,8 plans *ooses ,8 in/rum5ts c>efully & skilfully4 ,he leaves no?+ to *ance4 ,he does no?+ imp]fectly4 ,"w done by ,god w repay ! ke5e/ scrut9y1 ! close/ /udy1 = x is ! model ( :at e man's "w 9 life ought z f> z possible to be--e>ne/1 wise1 complete1 p]fect4 ,,iv4 ,aga91 look+ at ! :ole passage we p]ceive !re9 illu/rations ( two important laws ( ! ,div9e life4 ,we recognise 9 ! case ( ,cornelius ! work+ ( t great pr9ciple ( ! k+dom ( ,god (t5 enunciat$ by ! great ,ma/]3 ,to him t ha? %all be giv51 & he %all h m abundantly1 ,if any man w d ,8 w1 he %all "k ( ! doctr9e2 or1 to put x 9 o!r language1 t ,god always be/[s m grace ^u ! man :o dilig5tly uses & improves ! grace :i* he already possesses2 a pr9ciple :i* inde$ we see con/antly exemplifi$ 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ?is _w z well z 9 matt]s belong+ to ! spiritual life4 ,?us x 0 ) ,cornelius4 ,he 0 :at 0 call$ among ! ,jews a proselyte ( ! gate4 ,^! proselytes 7 v num]\s4 ,!y 7 a k9d ( fr+e hang+ ^u ! outskirts ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,!y 7 admir]s ( ,jewi% ideas1 doctr9es1 & practices1 b !y 7 n incorporat$ ) ! ,jewi% nation nor b\nd by all _! laws & c]emonial re/ra9ts4 ,! ,levitical ,law 0 n impos$ ^u !m because !y 7 n circumcis$4 ,!y 7 m]ely b\nd to wor%ip ! true ,god & obs]ve c]ta9 moral precepts said to h be5 deliv]$ to ,noah4#gc ,su* 0 ,cornelius :om ! provid5ce ( ,god _h l$ f ,italy to ,cs>ea = ?is v purpose1 to fulfil ,8 purposes ( m]cy t[>ds ! ,g5tile _w4 ,8 resid5ce !re _h taught him ! tru? & beauty ( ! pure wor%ip ( ,jehovah r5d]$ by ! ,jews4 ,he _h le>n$ too1 n only t ,god is1 b t ,he is a rew>d] ( !m t dilig5tly seek ,him4 ,cornelius _h set himself1 !re=e1 to ! dilig5t dis*>ge ( all ! duties ( religion s f> z he knew !m4 ,he 0 e>ne/ & dilig5t 9 pray]1 = he recognis$ himself z dep5d5t ^u an invisible ,god4 ,he 0 lib]al 9 alms1 = he desir$ to %[ =? 8 gratitude1 = m]cies daily receiv$4 ,& act+ ?us he met ) ! div9ely appo9t$ rew>d4 ,cornelius is fav\r$ ) a full] revelation & a cle>] guidance by ! angel's m\?1 :o tells him to s5d & summon ,pet] f ,joppa = ?is v purpose4 ,:at an em95tly practical lesson we may le>n f ,god's deal+s ) ?is e>lie/ ,g5tile conv]t6 ,we le>n f ! ,div9e deal+s ) ,cornelius t :osoev] dilig5tly improves ! l[] spiritual advantages :i* he possesses %all soon be admitt$ to high] & full] bless+s4 #gc ,see ! article on ,proselytes 9 ,s*aft's ,encyclopdia ( ,!ology4 ,x may well h be5 t ,god l$ him ?r\gh successive /ages & rew>d$ him "u ea*4 ,9 di/ant ,italy1 :5 resid+ amid ! ab\nd+ sup]/itions ( t c\ntry1 consci5ce 0 ! only prea*]1 b !re ! s]mons ( t monitor 7 he>d ) rev]5ce & obey$ ) dilig5ce4 ,!n ,god ord]$ ! c\rse ( 8 life s t public duty summon$ him to a di/ant l&4 ,cornelius may h at ! "t c\nt$ 8 lot a h>d "o :5 despat*$ to ,pale/9e z a c5turion1 = x 0 a prov9ce :]e1 f ! nature ( ! w>f>e !re preval5t1 !re 7 abundant opportunities ( dea? by assass9ation at ! h&s ( ! ,zealots1 & b few opportunities ( di/9ction su* z might be ga9$ 9 bord] w>f>e ) =eign enemies4 ,b ! ,"l 0 %ap+ 8 c>e]1 z ,he %apes all our c>e]s1 ) ref]5ce to our highe/ spiritual purposes4 ,he l$ ,cornelius1 !re=e1 to a l& & to a t[n :]e ! pure wor%ip ( ,jehovah 0 practis$ & ! elevat$ morality ( ,judaism prevail$4 ,"h1 !n1 7 new opportunities plac$ )9 ! c5turion's rea*4 ,& aga9 ! same spiritual dilig5ce is display$1 & aga9 ! same law ( spiritual developm5t & enl>g+ bless+ f9ds a place4 ,cornelius is dev\t & lib]al & ,god-fe>+1 & !re=e a heav5ly visitor directs 8 way to /ill full] light & gr&] revelations1 & ,cornelius ! c5turion ( ! ,italian b& leads ! ,g5tile ho/s into ! fulness ( bless+1 ! true l& fl[+ ) milk & honey1 f\nd only 9 ! disp5sation ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & )9 ! bord]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,?is 0 ,god's c\rse ( deal+ ) ! ,roman c5turion1 & x is ! c\rse :i* ! same lov+ deal+s /ill pursues ) human s\ls truly desir\s ( ,div9e guidance4 ,! ,"l imp>ts "o degree ( light & k & grace1 b )holds high] degrees till full use has be5 made ( ! l[]4 ,he speaks to u at fir/ 9 a :isp]2 b if we rev]5tly he>k51 !re is a gradual deep5+ ( ! voice1 till x is z audible 9 ! cr[d z x is 9 ! solitude1 & we are cont9ually visit$ ) ! messages ( ! ,et]nal ,k+4 ,n[ _c ^! ideas be easily appli$ to our own individual cases8 ,a "y man1 = in/ance1 may be tr\bl$ ) d\bts & que/ions conc]n+ c]ta9 portions ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,"s p]sons make su* d\bts an excuse = plung+ into sc5es ( riot & dissipation1 qu5*+ ! light :i* ,god has giv5 !m & mak+ c]ta9 _! own spiritual de/ruction4 ,! case ( ,cornelius po9ts out ! true c\rse :i* %\ld 9 su* a case be adopt$4 ,m5 may be tr\bl$ ) d\bts conc]n+ c]ta9 doctr9es ( revelation4 ,b !y h no d\bt z to ! dictates ( consci5ce & ! light :i* natural religion %$s ^u ! pa?s ( morals & ( life4 ,let !m !n use ! light !y h4 ,let !m dilig5tly practise ! w ( ,god z x has be5 reveal$4 ,let !m be e>ne/ 9 pray]1 pure & rev]5t 9 life1 hone/ & upright 9 bus9ess1 & !n 9 ,god's own "t ! d\bts w vani%1 ! d>kness w cle> away1 & ! anci5t promises w be fulfill$1 ,light is s[n = ! righte\s1 ,! pa? ( ! j %9e? m & m unto ! p]fect day1 ,9 ! way ( righte\sness is life1 & 9 ! pa?way !re( !re is no dea?4 ,b ! example ( ,cornelius is ( /ill wid] application4 ,! position ( ,cornelius 0 n a fav\rable "o = ! developm5t ( ! religi\s life1 & yet he rose sup]ior to all its difficulties1 & became ?us an em95t example to all believ]s4 ,m5 may compla9 t !y h b few spiritual advantages1 & t _! /ation 9 life is ?ickly /rewn ) difficulties1 h9d]+ ! practices & duties ( religion4 ,to su* p]sons we w\ld say1 comp>e y\rselves ) ,cornelius & ! difficulties ext]nal & int]nal he _h to ov]come4 ,s]vants1 = in/ance1 may lab\r "u great app>5t disadvantages4 ,p]haps1 if liv+ 9 an irreligi\s family1 !y h few opportunities = pray]1 public or private4 ,m5 ( bus9ess are compell$ to sp5d days & nights 9 ! managem5t ( _! affairs4 ,p]sons ( comm&+ intellect or ( high /ation h _! own disadvantages1 _! own peculi> temptations1 gr[+ out ( _! v prosp]ity4 ,! case ( ,cornelius %[s t ea* class c rise sup]ior to _! peculi> difficulties & gr[ 9 ! hidd5 life ( ! s\l1 if !y b imitate 8 example z he grew f grace to grace1 improv+ 8 scanty /ore till x grew into a full] & ampl] "o1 till x exp&$ into all ! glory ( ,*ri/ian privilege1 :5 ,cornelius1 l ,pet]1 0 enabl$ to rejoice 9 ! k & love ( a ris5 & glorifi$ ,r$eem]4#gd #gd ,i owe a great _m ( ! dev\t ?\ghts deal+ ) ! latt] portion ( ?is subject to a volume ( s]mons prea*$ by ! celebrat$ ,gold5 ,lectur]1 ! eloqu5t ,h5ry ,melville1 /yl$ ,voices ( ! ,*ri/ian ,ye>4 ,melville is n[ z a prea*] q =gott51 & yet he des]ves to be gratefully rememb]$1 = he 0 ! fir/ ( ! old ,evangelical s*ool to break ?r\gh ! traditional repetition ( commonplaces :i* =m$ ! ma9 "p ( ! prea*+ ( ! lead+ popul> orators ( fifty ye>s ago4 ,f a prea*]'s po9t ( view 8 s]mons w /ill repay /udy4 ,8 s]mons1 = in/ance1 on ! less kn[n *>act]s ( ,scripture1 w tea* a "y div9e h[ to extract edification & in/ruction out ( mo/ unpromis+ mat]ials1 & to apply ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( ! ,bible to ! *ang$ circum/ances ( mod]n life4 ,& assur$ly ?is is ! real object ( a pa/or's prea*+ 9 a ,*ri/ian congregation1 n ! m]e repetition ( ! fir/ elem5ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 b an application ( its great pr9ciples1 fir/ proclaim$ 9 ! language ( ! ,ea/1 to ! actions & lives ( ! m5 ( ! ,we/4 ,prea*+ ( t k9d ne$ nev] be dull & un9t]e/+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,petr9e ,,vision ,,at ,,joppa4 ,n[ on ! morr[1 z !y 7 on _! j\rney1 & drew nigh unto ! city1 ,pet] w5t up ^u ! h\setop to pray1 ab\t ! six? h\r3 & he became hungry1 & desir$ to eat3 b :ile !y made ready1 he fell into a trance2 & he beholde? ! heav5 op5$1 & a c]ta9 vessel desc5d+1 z x 7 a great %eet1 let d[n by f\r corn]s ^u ! e>?3 :]e9 7 all mann] ( f\rfoot$ bea/s & creep+ ?+s ( ! e>? & f[ls ( ! heav54 ,& !re came a voice to him1 ,rise1 ,pet]2 kill & eat4 ,b ,pet] said1 ,n s1 ,"l2 = ,i h nev] eat5 any?+ t is common & unclean4 ,& a voice came unto him aga9 ! second "t1 ,:at ,god ha? cleans$1 make n ?\ common4--,,acts x4 #i-ae4 ,!re are two c5tral figures 9 ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius4 ,! "o is ! c5turion himself1 ! o!r is ,/4 ,pet]1 ! select$ & pr$e/9$ ag5t 9 t great "w4 ,we h /udi$ ,cornelius 9 ! la/ *apt]1 & h se5 ! typical "* ( all 8 circum/ances4 ,8 "t1 8 resid5ce1 8 tra9+1 _h all be5 provid5tial1 indicat+ to u ! c>eful sup]9t5d5ce1 ! wat*ful ov]sight1 :i* ,god be/[s ^u ! hi/ory ( individuals z well z ( ! ,*ur* at l>ge4 ,let u n[ turn to ! o!r figure1 ,/4 ,pet]1 & see if ! ,"l's provid5ce may n be trac$ ) equal cle>ness 9 ! circum/ances ( 8 case also4 ,we h f\nd ,cornelius at ,cs>ea1 ! great ,roman port & g>rison ( ,pale/9e1 a v fitt+ & natural place = a ,roman c5turion to be locat$4 ,we f9d ,pet] at ?is v same "t at ,joppa1 a spot t 0 consecrat$ by _m a memory & specially associat$ ) a mission to ! ,g5tiles 9 ! times ( ! ,eld] ,disp5sation4 ,"h we trace ! h& ( ! ,"l provid5tially rul+ ! foot/eps ( ,pet] ?\gh he knew x n1 & lead+ him1 z ,philip 0 l$ a %ort "t be=e1 to ! spot :]e 8 int5d$ "w lay4 ,! sickness & dea? ( ,tabi?a or ,dorcas l$ ,/4 ,pet] to ,joppa4 ,! fame ( 8 miracle ^u t dev\t woman l$ to ! conv]sion ( _m s\ls1 & ?is naturally induc$ ,pet] to make a long] /ay 9 ,joppa at ! h\se ( ,simon ! tann]4 ,h[ natural & unprem$itat$1 h[ v ord9>y & unplann$ to ! natural eye seem ! movem5ts ( ,/4 ,pet]6 ,s !y w\ld h seem$ to u _h we be5 liv+ at ,joppa1 & yet n[ we c see ) ! light :i* ! sacr$ n>rative ?r[s ^u ! /ory t ! ,"l 0 guid+ ,/4 ,pet] to ! place :]e 8 "w 0 cut out :5 ! appo9t$ "t %\ld come4 ,surely ! hi/ory ( ,pet] & 8 actions h abundant com=t & su/a9+ hope = ourselves6 ,our lives may be v ord9>y & commonplace2 ! ev5ts may succe$ "o ano!r 9 ! mo/ matt]-(-fact /yle2 !re may seem 9 !m no?+ at all wor?y ! att5tion ( a ,div9e ,rul]2 & yet ^? ord9>y lives are j z mu* plann$ & guid$ by sup]natural wisdom z ! c>e]s ( m5 conc]n+ :om all ! _w is talk+4 ,only let u take c>e to foll[ ,/4 ,pet]'s example4 ,he yield$ himself completely to ! ,div9e guidance1 tru/$ himself entirely to ,div9e love & wisdom1 & !n f\nd 9 su* tru/ n only life & safety1 b :at is f> bett]1 p]fect peace & sweete/ calm4 ,!re is some?+ v re/ful 9 ! picture drawn = u ( ,/4 ,pet] at ?is crisis4 ,!re is none ( t fev]i% hurry & re/lessness :i* make "s good m5 & _! me?ods v try+ to o!rs4 ,! notices ( him h all an air ( repose & ,*ri/ian dignity4 ,z ,pet] w5t ?r\gh\t all p>ts1 he came d[n also to ! sa9ts :i* dwelt at ,lydda2 ,pet] put !m all =? & pray$2 ,pet] abode _m days 9 ,joppa2 ,pet] w5t up ^u ! h\setop to pray ab\t ! six? h\r4 ,/4 ,pet]1 inde$1 did n live 9 an age ( telegrams & po/c>ds & express tra9s1 :i* all contribute m or less to t fev]i% activity & re/lessness s *>act]i/ic ( ?is age4 ,b ev5 if he _h liv$ 9 su* a "t1 ,i am sure 8 fai? 9 ,god w\ld h sav$ him f t fuss9ess1 t life ( p]petual hurry1 yet nev] br++ =? any abid+ fruit1 :i* we behold 9 s _m mod]ns4 ,?is results a good deal1 ,i believe1 f ! developm5t--,i 0 almo/ go+ to say ! tyranny1 ! unwitt+ tyranny ( mod]n j\rnalism1 :i* compels m5 to live s mu* 9 public & reports _! e utt]ance4 ,!re are m5 nev] tir$ ( runn+ f "o committee to ano!r1 & nev] we>y ( see+ _! names 9 ! morn+ pap]s4 ,!y c\nt t !y h be5 busily & usefully employ$ if _! names are p]petually appe>+ 9 newspap] reports z speak+1 or at any rate be+ pres5t at innum]able meet+s1 leav+ !mselves no "t = t quiet m$itation :]eby ,/4 ,pet] ga9$ close/ communion ) heav54 ,x is no wond] su* m5's fuss9ess %\ld be fruitless1 because _! natures are poor1 %all[1 uncultivat$1 :]e ! se$ spr+s up rapidly b br+s =? no fruit to p]fection1 because x has no deepness ( e>?4 ,x is no wond] t ,/4 ,pet] %\ld h spok5 ) p[] at ,cs>ea & be5 successful 9 op5+ ! door ( fai? to ! ,g5tiles1 because he prep>$ himself = do+ ! ,div9e "w by ! discipl9e ( m$itation & ?\ght & spiritual conv]se ) 8 ,ris5 ,"l4 ,& "h we may rem>k1 be=e we pass f ?is po9t1 t ! conv]sion ( ! fir/ ,g5tile & ! full & complete ex]cise ( ! p[] ( ! keys committ$ to ,/4 ,pet] run on l9es v p>allel to ^? p]ta9+ to ! ,day ( ,p5teco/ & ! conv]sion ( ! e>lie/ ,jews 9 "o respect at lea/4 ,! ,day ( ,p5teco/ 0 prec$$ by a p]iod ( t5 days' wait+ & spiritual repose4 ,! conv]sion ( ,cornelius & ! revelation ( ,god's purposes to ,/4 ,pet] 7 prec$$ by a season ( m$itation & pray]1 :5 an apo/le c\ld f9d "t amid all 8 press+ c>es to seek ! h\setop = midday pray] & to abide _m days 9 ! h\se ( "o ,simon a tann]4 ,a p]iod ( pause1 repose1 & quietness prec$$ a new onw>d movem5t ( developm5t & ( action4 ,i4 ,n[1 z 9 ! case ( ,cornelius1 s 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,pet]1 we note ! place :]e ! *ief actor 9 ! sc5e abode4 ,x 0 at ,joppa1 & ,joppa 0 associat$ ) _m memories = ! ,jews4 ,x has be5 f anci5t times ! port ( ,j]usalem1 & is ev5 n[ ris+ into some:at ( its =m] comm]cial greatness1 specially ow+ to ! late developm5t ( ! orange trade1 = ! production ( :i* fruit ,jaffa or ,joppa has become fam\s4 ,?ree ?\s& ye>s ago ,joppa 0 a fav\rite resort ( ! ,phnician fleets1 :i* br\ght ! c$>s ( ,lebanon to ,k+ ,solomon = ! build+ ( ! temple 7#b ,*ron4 ii4 #af74 ,at a lat] p]iod1 :5 ,god w\ld s5d ,jonah on a mission to ,g5tile ,n9eveh1 & :5 ,jonah desir$ to ?w>t ,god's m]ciful designs t[>ds ! out] _w1 ! prophet fl$ to ,joppa & !re took %ip 9 8 va9 ef=t to escape f ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l4 ,& n[ aga9 ,joppa becomes ! refuge ( ano!r prophet1 :o feels ! same natural hesitation ab\t admitt+ ! ,g5tiles to ,god's m]cy1 b :o1 unlike ,jonah1 yields imm$iate ass5t to ! heav5ly message1 & f9ds peace & bless+ 9 ! pa?s ( lov+ ob$i5ce4 ,! v h\se :]e ,/4 ,pet] abode is /ill po9t$ out4#ge ,x is situat$ 9 ! s\?-we/]n "p ( ! t[n1 & comm&s a view ov] ! bay ( ,joppa & ! wat]s ( t ,m$it]ranean ,sea :i* 0 soon to be ! *annel ( communication :]eby ! gospel message %\ld be borne to ! nations ( ! di/ant ,we/4 ,we rem>k1 too1 t x 0 ) ,simon ! tann] ( ,joppa t ,/4 ,pet] 0 /ay+4 ,:5 a great *ange is imp5d+ v>i\s little circum/ances occur all %[+ ! t5d5cies ( ! age4 ,by !mselves & tak5 "o by "o !y d n express mu*4 ,at ! "t :5 !y happ5 m5 d n reg>d !m or und]/& _! mean+1 b aft]w>ds1 & read+ !m 9 ! light ( accompli%$ facts1 m5 behold _! significance4 ,?us x 0 ) ,simon ,pet] & 8 visit to ,simon ! tann] ( ,joppa4 ,tann]s z a class 7 despis$ & comp>atively outca/ among ! ,jews4 ,tann+ 0 c\nt$ an unclean trade because ( ! necess>y contact ) dead bodies :i* x involv$4 ,a tany>d mu/1 accord+ to ,jewi% law1 be sep>at$ by fifty y>ds at lea/ f human dwell+s4 ,if a man m>ri$ a woman )\t in=m+ h] ( 8 trade z a tann]1 %e 0 grant$ a divorce4 ,! :ole trade ( tann]s 0 "u a ban1 & yet x 0 to a tann]'s h\se t ! ,apo/le made 8 way1 & !re he lodg$ = _m days1 %[+ t ! m9d ev5 ( ,/4 ,pet] 0 /eadily ris+ above n>r[ ,jewi% prejudices into t high] & nobl] atmosph]e :]e he le>n$ 9 fulle/ degree t no man & no lawful trade is to be c\nt$ common or unclean4 #ge ,! h\se ( ,simon ! tann] is depict$ 9 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 pp4 #hg1 #hh4 ,!re is a good description ( x1 z also ( ,joppa at l>ge1 9 ,geikie's ,! ,holy ,l& & ! ,bible1 vol4 i41 p4 #ah1 f :i* we take ! foll[+3 ,on ! s\? side ( ! t[n1 at ! edge ( ! sea1 close to ! ligh?\se1 "o is rem9d$ ( ! visit ( ,/4 ,pet] to ,joppa by ! claim ( a paltry mosque to occupy ! h\se ( ,simon ! tann]4 ,! pres5t build+ is comp>atively mod]n1 & _c be ! actual /ructure 9 :i* ! ,apo/le lodg$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 reg>d$ by ! ,mohamm$ans z sacr$1 "o ( ! rooms be+ us$ z a place ( pray] 9 commemoration1 we are told1 ( ! ,"l ,jesus hav+ once ask$ ,god1 :ile "h1 = a meal2 on :i* a table =?) came d[n f heav54 ,/range v>iation ( ! /ory ( ,/4 ,pet]'s vision6 ,! waves beat aga9/ ! l[ wall ( ! c\rty>d1 s t1 l ! actual h\se ( ,simon1 x is close on ! sea-%ore4 ,tann+1 moreov]1 9 accordance ) ! un*ang+ "* ( ! ,ea/1 is /ill ext5sively c>ri$ on 9 ?is "p ( ! t[n4 ,,ii4 ,we note1 aga91 ! "t :5 ! vision 0 grant$ to ,/4 ,pet] & ! m9d ( ! ,"l 0 m fully disclos$ to him4 ,joppa is sep>at$ f ,cs>ea by a di/ance ( ?irty miles4 ,! lead+ coa/ t[ns 7 !n connect$ by an excell5t road1 along :i* horses & vehicles pass$ ) ease4 ,! c5turion ,cornelius1 :5 he receiv$ ! angelic direction1 =?) despat*$ two ( 8 h\sehold s]vants & a dev\t soldi] to summon ,/4 ,pet] to 8 pres5ce4 ,!y d\btless travell$ on horseback1 lead+ sp>e bea/s = ! accommodation ( ! ,apo/le4 ,less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] _! dep>ture f ,cs>ea !y drew nigh to ,joppa1 & !n x 0 t ,god reveal$ ,8 purposes to ,8 belov$ s]vant4 ,! v h\r c be fix$4 ,cornelius saw ! angel at ! n9? h\r1 :51 z he himself tells u1 he 0 keep+ ! h\r ( pray] 7x4 #cj74 ,pet] saw ! vision at ! six? h\r1 :5 he w5t up on ! h\se top to pray1 accord+ to ! example ( ! ,psalmi/ :5 he sang1 ,9 ! ev5+ & morn+ & at noon-day w ,i pray1 & t in/antly4#gf ,/4 ,pet] evid5tly 0 a c>eful obs]v] ( all ! =ms amid :i* 8 y\?ful tra9+ _h be5 conduct$4 ,he did n seek 9 ! "n ( spiritual religion to disc>d ^! old =ms4 ,he recognis$ ! dang] ( any su* c\rse4 ,=ms may (t5 t5d to =malism on acc\nt ( ! weakness ( human nature4 ,b !y also help to pres]ve & gu>d ! _s ( anci5t in/itutions 9 times ( slo? & decay1 till ! ,_s f on high aga9 brea!s ^u ! dry bones & imp>ts fre% life4 ,/4 ,pet] us$ ! =ms ( ,jewi% ext]nalism1 imp>t+ to !m "s ( 8 own int5se e>ne/ness1 & ! ,"l set ,8 seal ( approval ^u 8 action by reveal+ ! purposes ( ,8 m]cy & love to ! ,g5tile _w at ! noontide h\r ( pray]4 ,! wise/ ma/]s ( ! spiritual life h ev] foll[$ ,/4 ,pet]'s tea*+4 ,we may take1 = in/ance1 ,dr4 ,g\lburn 9 8 valuable treatise on ,p]sonal ,religion4 ,9 ! six? *apt] ( ! f\r? "p ( t "w he has "s wise ?\ghts on liv+ by rule 9 ! ,*ri/ian life1 :]e he po9ts out ! use ( rules & _! abuse1 /rongly urg+ ^u ^? :o desire to gr[ 9 grace ! =mation ( rules by :i* ! practices ( religion & ! s\l's inn] life may be direct$ & %ield$4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 no law ( ,*ri/ :i* ties m5 d[n to morn+ & ev5+ pray]4 ,yet does n our own daily exp]i5ce tea* t1 if ?is unwritt5 rule ( ! ,*ri/ian life be relax$ "u ! pret5ce ( high] spirituality1 & m5 pray only :5 !y feel specially incl9$ to communion ) ! unse51 ! :ole practice ( private z well z ( public pray] ceases1 & ! s\l lives 9 an a!i/ic atmosph]e )\t any recognition or ?\ght ( ,god4#gg ,?is dang] has be5 recognis$ f ! e>lie/ times4 ,t]tullian 0 a man ( n>r[ views1 b ( ! mo/ int5se piety4 ,he 0 a dev\t /ud5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & a c>eful obs]v] ( ! example ( our ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians adopt$ f ! ,jews ! cu/om ( pray] at ! v>i\s h\rs ( ! day1 & turn$ x into a practical rule ( ,*ri/ian discipl9e1 ackn[l$g+ at ! same "t t !re 0 no ,scriptural obligation 9 ! rule1 b t x 0 a m]e wise advice = ! developm5t ( ! spiritual life4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( :at is te*nically call$ ! ,canonical ,h\rs1 ,mat9s ) ,lauds1 ,prime1 ,ti]ce1 ,sext1 ,nones1 ,ev5song1 & ,compl9e1 :i* c be trac$ back 9 g]m to ! age next aft] ! ,apo/les1 & 7 orig9ally gr\nd$ ^u ! example ( ! ,apo/les !mselves1 & specially ^u t ( ,/4 ,pet]'s practice at ,joppa4 ,let u he> ,t]tullian on ?is matt]4 ,he wrote a treatise on pray]1 9 :i* he presses ^u ! m5 ( 8 "t ! duty ( e>ne/ness & int5sity 9 t holy ex]cise1 & :5 do+ s t\*es ^u ?is v po9t3 ,z respect+ ! "t ( pray] ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 h\rs w n be unpr(itable--^? common h\rs ,i mean :i* m>k ! int]vals ( ! day--! ?ird1 six?1 n9?--:i* we f9d 9 ,scripture to h be5 made m solemn ?an ! re/4 ,! fir/ infusion ( ! ,holy ,_s into ! congregat$ disciples took place at ! ?ird h\r4 ,pet] saw 8 vision on ! h\setop at ! six? h\r4 ,pet] & ,john w5t into ! ,temple at ! n9? h\r :5 he re/or$ ! p>alytic to 8 heal?4 ,t]tullian !n adds ! foll[+ wise obs]vations1 %[+ t he q grasp$ ! ess5tial di/9ction betwe5 ! slav]y ( ! law & ! fre$om ( ! gospel 9 ! matt] ( ext]nal obs]vances3 ,albeit ^! practices /& simply )\t any ,div9e precept = _! obs]vance2 /ill x may be grant$ a good ?+ to e/abli% "s def9ite rule :i* may bo? add /r+5cy to ! admonition to pray & may z x 7 by a law te> u out ( our ord9>y bus9ess unto su* a duty4 ,s t we pray n less ?an ?rice 9 ! day1 debtors z we are to ,?ree--,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s--besides ( c\rse our regul> pray]s on ! entrance ( light & ( night4 ,! ecclesia/ical practice ( ! ,h\rs may be turn$ into a m]e =mal repetition ( c]ta9 prescrib$ tasks2 b1 l all o!r ord9ances :i* trace !mselves back to primitive ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,h\rs are bas$ on a true conception & a noble ideal ( ! prevail+ & ab\nd+ place :i* pray] %\ld occupy 9 ! s\l's life1 accord+ to ! ,savi\r's own tea*+ :5 ,he spake a p>able to ,8 disciples to ?is end t m5 ought always to pray & n to fa9t4#gh #gf ,?is is ! r5d]+ ( ,psalm lv4 #ah accord+ to ! v]sion 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 #gg ,a deceas$ fri5d ( m9e1 a well-kn[n memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 once rem>k$ to me ab\t ?is v po9t t 8 ,society1 to :i* he belong$ to 8 dy+ day1 :ile aim+ at ! highe/ spirituality1 9 its neglect ( all rules1 & suitable !re=e = p]sons ( specially exalt$ tone1 _h r5d]$ itself unfitt$ = ! tra9+ ( *ildr54 ,*ildr5 _c be tra9$ )\t rules1 & a society :i* tru/s to educate !m 9 ?+s religi\s )\t fix$ & def9ite tra9+ mu/ be a hopeless failure4 ,! orig9al pr9ciples ( ,fri5ds preclude !m f tea*+ *ildr5 =ms ( private pray]1 f us+ fix$ ,bible read+ & regul> religi\s in/ruction1 z well z f /at$ family wor%ip4 ,ef=ts h be5 made 9 lat] times to rem$y ?is effect1 b !y are m]ely confessions ( ! failure ( ! pr9ciples inculcat$ by ,george ,fox & ,rob]t ,b>clay & ackn[l$gm5ts t ! ,*ur* f :i* !y diss5t$ 0 "r4 #gh ,t]tullian's treatise on ,pray] w be f\nd 9 ,cl>k's translation ( 8 works1 vol4 i41 pp4 #agh-bjd4 ,,iii4 ,we n[ arrive at ! vision :i* ,pet] saw ^u ! h\setop4 ,! ,apo/le1 hav+ asc5d$ ^u ! h\setop comm&+ a view ov] ! blue wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean ly+ %imm]+ & swelt]+ b5ea? ! rays ( ! noonday sun1 became hungry1 z 0 natural en\gh1 because ! usual "t ( ! midday meal 0 draw+ nigh4 ,b !re 0 a deep] reason = ! ,apo/le's felt ne$ ( refre%m5t1 & a m imm$iate provid5ce 0 wat*+ ov] 8 natural p[]s & _! action ?an ev] be=e _h be5 reveal$4 ,! natural hung] 0 div9ely inspir$ 9 ord] t j at t in/ant :5 ! repres5tatives & delegates ( ! ,g5tile _w 7 draw+ nigh to 8 abode he might be prep>$ to accord !m a fitt+ reception4 ,to ! m]e man ( s5se or to ! m]e c>nal m9d ! hung] ( ,/4 ,pet] may seem a simple natural op]ation1 b to ! dev\t believ] 9 ,*ri/ianity1 :o views x z ! great & p]fect revelation ( ,god to man1 :o kn[s t ,8 cov5ants are 9 all ?+s well-ord]$ & sure1 & t 9 ,8 works 9 grace z well z 9 ,8 works 9 nature ! ,"l leaves no?+ to m]e *ance1 b p]fectly ord]s !m all d[n to ! m9ute/ detail1 to su* an "o ?is human hung] ( ,/4 ,pet]'s appe>s z div9ely plann$ 9 ord] t a spiritual satisfaction & complet5ess may be imp>t$ to 8 s\l unconsci\sly crav+ aft] a full] k ( ! ,div9e w4 ,/4 ,pet]'s hung] is1 9 fact1 b a manife/ation 9 ! human sph]e ( t sup]human =esight :i* 0 direct+ ! :ole transaction f beh9d ?is visible sc5e2 tea*+ u1 9 fact1 ! lesson s (t5 repeat$ 9 ,holy ,scripture t no?+1 n ev5 our feel+s1 our infirmities1 our passions1 our appetites1 are too m9ute = ! ,div9e love & c>e1 & enc\rag+ u !reby to act m freely ^u ! apo/olic injunction1 ,9 ev]y?+ by pray] & supplication let y\r reque/s be made kn[n unto ,god4 ,if ,/4 ,pet]'s hung] 7 tak5 up & incorporat$ ) ! ,div9e plan ( salvation1 we may be sure t our own wants & trials d n escape ! omnisci5t eye ( ,him :o plans all our lives1 appo9t+ ! end f ! v beg9n+4 ,/4 ,pet] 0 hungry1 & z food 0 prep>+ he fell into a trance1 & !n ! vision answ]+ 9 its =m to ! hung] :i* he felt 0 grant$4 ,va9 que/ions may "h be rais$1 z we not$ be=e 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,paul1 conc]n+ ! trance ( ! ,apo/le & ! communications he held ) ! unse5 _w4 ,!y are va9 que/ions = u to raise or to attempt to answ]1 because !y belong to an unexplor$ l& full1 z _m mod]n exp]im5ts %[1 ( /range my/]i\s facts peculi> to x4 ,?is alone we c say1 "s communication mu/ h be5 made to ,/4 ,pet] :i* he reg>d$ z a ,div9e revelation4 ,! conv]sion & reception by ,/4 ,pet] ( ! ,g5tile c5turion are facts1 ! prejudices ( ,/4 ,pet] aga9/ su* a reception are also und\bt$ facts4 ,hi!rto he %>$ ! op9ion common to all ! ,twelve t su* a reception 0 contr>y to ! ,div9e law & purposes4 ,he mu/ h receiv$ ^u ! h\setop "s k9d ( a heav5ly communication :i* he reg>d$ z equival5t 9 au?ority to t anci5t rule by :i* he e/eem$ ! promises & m]cy ( ,god limit$ to ! se$ ( ,abraham4 ,b z = any endeav\r to und]/& or expla9 ! mode ( ,god's action on ?is occasion1 x w be j z va9 z attempts to pi]ce ! my/]ies ( ,god's action 9 creation1 ! inc>nation1 or1 to come l[] /ill1 9 ! processes by :i* life has be5 communicat$ to ?is _w & is n[ su/a9$ & cont9u$ !reon4 ,we are 9 v de$ liv+ & mov+ amid my/]ies1 & if we refuse to le>n or m$itate till ! my/]ies we meet )1 ! v fir/ /ep we take1 be cle>$1 we mu/ cease to ?9k & be cont5t to pass life l ! bea/s t p]i%4 ,we "k n1 inde$1 ! exact mann] 9 :i* ,god communicat$ ) ,/4 ,pet]1 or = t matt] ) any "o else to :om ,he made revelation ( ,8 w4 ,we "k no?+ ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,he spoke to ,moses out ( ! bu%1 or to ,samuel 9 ! night season1 or to ,isaiah 9 ! ,temple4 ,z ) ^! ,8 s]vants ( ! ,eld] ,disp5sation1 s x 0 ) ,/4 ,pet] on ! h\setop4 ,we "k1 h[ev]1 h[ ,/4 ,luke receiv$ 8 in=mation z to ! nature ( ! vision & all ! o!r facts ( ! case4 ,/4 ,luke & ,/4 ,pet] mu/ h _h _m an opportunity = conv]sation 9 ! ?rill+1 all-important ev5ts amid :i* he _h liv$4 ,/4 ,luke too accompani$ ,/4 ,paul on t j\rney to ,j]usalem describ$ 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ *apt]1 & 0 introduc$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,sanh$r9 or ,c\ncil ov] :i* ,/4 ,james ! ,j presid$4 ,b ev5 if ,/4 ,luke _h nev] se5 ,/4 ,pet]1 he _h abundant opportunities ( le>n+ all ab\t ! vision4 ,/4 ,pet] proclaim$ x to ! _w f ! v "t x happ5$1 & 0 oblig$ to proclaim x z 8 def5ce aga9/ ! p>ty zeal\s = ! law ( ,moses4 ,/4 ,pet] ref]r$ to :at ,god _h j %[n him z soon z he came into ! c5turion's pres5ce4 ,he describ$ ! vision at full l5g? z soon z he came to ,j]usalem & met ! assembl$ ,*ur*1 :]e its p[] & mean+ 7 s cle>ly recognis$ t ! m\?s ( all ,/4 ,pet]'s adv]s>ies 7 at once /opp$4 ,& aga9 at ! ,c\ncil ( ,j]usalem held1 z describ$ 9 ! fifte5? *apt]1 ,/4 ,pet] ref]s to ! circum/ances ( ?is :ole /ory z well kn[n to ! :ole ,*ur* 9 t city4 ,/4 ,luke !n w\ld h no difficulty1 writ+ "s tw5ty ye>s lat]1 9 asc]ta9+ ! facts ( ?is /ory1 & naturally en\gh1 :5 writ+ to a ,g5tile conv]t & hav+ 9 m9d ! ne$s & feel+s ( ! ,g5tiles1 he ins]t$ ! n>rative ( ! vision z be+ ! f\ndation-/one on :i* ! gr[+ & enl>g+ edifice ( ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity _h be5 orig9ally e/abli%$4 ,! vision too 0 admirably suit$ to s]ve its purpose4 ,x bas$ itself1 z ,i h said1 on ,pet]'s natural feel+s & circum/ances1 j z spiritual ?+s ev] base !mselves ^u & respond to ! natural %ad[s ( ?is l[] life1 j z ! ,holy ,communion1 = in/ance1 bases itself ^u ! natural crav+ = food & dr9k1 b rises & so>s f> away above & beyond ! mat]ial sph]e to ! true food ( ! s\l1 ! ,div9e banquet :]e) ,god's secret & lov$ ones are et]nally f$4 ,pet] 0 hungry1 & a %eet 0 se5 let d[n f heav5 conta9+ all k9ds ( animals1 clean & unclean1 toge!r ) creep+ ?+s & f[ls ( heav54 ,he 0 comm&$ to rise & slay & appease 8 hung]4 ,he /ates ! objection1 q natural 9 ! m\? ( a consci5ti\s ,jew1 t no?+ common or unclean _h ev] be5 eat5 by him4 ,!n ! heav5ly voice utt]$ words :i* /ruck = him ! dea?-knell ( ! old haughty ,jewi% exclusiv5ess1 inaugurat+ ! gr& _s ( ,*ri/ian lib]alism & ( human equality--,:at ,god ha? cleans$1 make ?\ n common4 ,! vision 0 ?rice repeat$ to make ! matt] sure1 & !n ! heav5s 7 %ut up aga91 & ,pet] 0 left to int]pret ! ,div9e tea*+ = himself4 ,pet]1 9 ! light ( ! circum/ances :i* a few mom5ts lat] took place1 easily read ! int]pretation ( ! vision4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 animals & foods 0 = ! ,jew b an emblem & type1 a m]e object lesson ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,jews & o!r nations4 ,! ,g5tiles ate e k9d ( animal & creep+ ?+2 ! fav\rite food ( ! ,roman soldi]s ) :om ! ,pale/9ian ,jews came mo/ 9 contact be+ pork4 ,! diff]5ces :i* ! ,div9e law compell$ ! ,jew to make 9 ! matt] ( food 7 simply ! type ( ! diff]5ce & sep>ation :i* ,god's love & grace _h made betwe5 ,8 cov5ant p & ^? outside t cov5ant4 ,& j !n1 to cl9* ! matt] & int]pret ! vision by ! light ( div9ely ord]$ facts1 ! ,_s ann\nc$ to ! ,apo/le1 z he 0 mu* p]plex$ 9 himself :at ! vision might mean1 t ?ree m5 7 seek+ him1 & t he 0 to g ) !m d\bt+ no?+1 = ,i h s5t !m4#gi ,! h\r _h at la/ come = ! manife/ation ( ,god's ev]la/+ purposes1 :5 ! sacr$ society %\ld assume its univ]sal privileges & /& =? respl5d5t 9 its true "* z ,god's ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1--( :i* ! ,temple _h be5 a tempor>y symbol & pl$ge1--a h\se ( pray] = all nations1 ! joy ( ! :ole e>?1 ! city ( ! ,great ,k+1 until ! consummation ( all ?+s4 #gi ,calv91 9 8 comm5t>y on ,acts x4 #ab1 has "s excell5t rem>ks on ! scope & mean+ ( ?is vision4 ,i ?9k t h]eby is %[n to ,pet] t ! di/9ction :i* ,god hi!rto made _h n[ be5 remov$4 ,= z ,he _h made a diff]5ce betwe5 animals2 s by ! *oice ( "o nation = ,himself1 ,god %[$ t o!r nations 7 common & unclean4 ,n[ ! di/9ction betwe5 animals be+ remov$1 ,he consequ5tly %[s t !re is no long] any diff]5ce betwe5 m51 & t ! ,jew does n diff] f ! ,greek4 ,h5ce ,pet] is w>n$ n to %r9k f contact ) ! ,g5tiles z if !y 7 unclean4 ,!re is no d\bt b t ,god wi%$ to enc\rage ,pet] to come boldly to ,cornelius4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] t he might be p]fectly satisfi$1 ,god %[s him z 9 a picture t ! di/9ctions made by ! law betwe5 clean & unclean _h be5 aboli%$2 :5ce he may conclude t ! p>tition :i* _h hi!rto divid$ ,jews f ,g5tiles 0 n[ ov]?r[n4 ,n[ ,paul tea*es t ?is my/]y _h be5 hid f ! ages t ! ,g5tiles %\ld be p>tak]s ) ,god's p & graft$ into "o body4 ,!re=e ,pet] nev] w\ld h d>$ to op5 ! gate ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 unless ,god ,himself _h %[n him t ! wall _h be5 remov$ & t entrance 0 free to all4 ,he !n goes on to consid] ! objection t ,/4 ,pet] mu/ h kn[n ( ! call ( ! ,g5tiles f ! words ( ,*ri/'s commission to g & make disciples ( all nations1 & !re=e ?is vision 0 unnecess>y4 ,i answ] t !re 0 s mu* difficulty 9 ! novelty ( ! :ole /ate ( affairs t ! apo/les c\ld n at once grasp ! position4 ,!y knew inde$ 9 !ory ! prophecies & ! precept ( ,*ri/ ab\t prea*+ to ! ,g5tiles1 b :5 !y came to practice1 /ruck by ! awful novelty1 !y hesitat$4 ,:]e=e x is n wond]ful t ! ,"l %\ld confirm ,/4 ,pet]'s m9d by a new sign4 ,calv9 cle>ly recognis$ t ! inspiration enjoy$ by ,/4 ,pet] did n remove 8 natural sl[ness ( p]ception4 ,! apo/les 7 l ! bulk ( ord9>y m51 v sl[ to grasp ! full mean+ ( a novel position or pr9ciple4 ,,iv4 ,! sacr$ hi/orian next pres5ts ,/4 ,pet] at ,cs>ea4 ,! ,apo/le rose up ob$i5t to ! ,div9e communication1 admitt$ ! m5 :o s\ght him1 lodg$ !m = ! night1 dep>t$ back ! next day along ! same road :i* !y _h foll[$1 & arriv$ at ,cs>ea on ! f\r? day f ! orig9al appe>ance to ,cornelius2 s t if ! angel _h be5 se5 by ! c5turion on ,saturday or ! ,sabba? ! vision w\ld h be5 se5 at ,joppa on ! ,"l's ,day1 & !n on ,tuesday ,/4 ,pet] mu/ h arriv$ at ,cs>ea4 ,/4 ,pet] did n travel alone4 ,he d\btless communicat$ ! vision he _h se5 to ! ,*ur* at ,joppa at ! ev5+ h\r ( devotion1 & det]m9$ to associate ) himself six prom95t memb]s ( t body 9 ! fulfilm5t ( 8 novel ent]prise t !y might be witnesses ( ,god's actions & assi/ants to himself 9 ! "w ( baptism & ( tea*+4 ,z soon z ! mission>y p>ty arriv$ at ! h\se ( ,cornelius1 !y f\nd a l>ge p>ty assembl$ to meet !m1 z ,cornelius _h call$ toge!r 8 k9sm5 & acqua9tances to he> ! message f heav54 ,cornelius receiv$ ,/4 ,pet] ) an expression ( su* pr(\nd rev]5ce1 pro/rat+ himself on ! e>?1 t ,/4 ,pet] reprov$ him3 ,b ,pet] rais$ him up1 say+1 ,/& up3 ,i myself also am a man4 ,cornelius1 ) 8 m9d =m$ 9 a pagan m\ld & p]meat$ ) pagan associations & ideas1 reg>d$ ,pet] z a sup]human be+1 & wor?y !re=e ( ! rev]5ce usually r5d]$ to ! ,roman ,emp]or z ! liv+ embodim5t ( deity ^u e>?4 ,he fell d[n & ador$ ,/4 ,pet]1 ev5 z ,/4 ,john ador$ ! angel :o reveal$ to him ! my/]ies ( ! unse5 _w 7,rev4 xxii4 #h71 till rem9d$ by ,/4 ,pet] t he 0 a m]e human be+ l ! c5turion himself1 full ( human prejudices & n>r[ ideas :i* w\ld h prev5t$ him accept+ ! invitation ( ,cornelius if ,god ,himself _h n int]v5$4 ,cornelius !n describes ! circum/ances ( 8 vision & ! angelic directions :i* he _h receiv$1 end+ by reque/+ ,/4 ,pet] to ann\nce ! revelation ( :i* he 0 ! gu>dian4 ,! ,apo/le !n proce$s to deliv] an address1 ( :i* we h record$ a m]e synopsis alone2 ! orig9al address mu/ h be5 mu* long]4 ,/4 ,pet] beg9s ! fir/ s]mon deliv]$ to ,g5tiles by an ass]tion ( ! ca?olic nature ( ! ,*ur*1 a tru? :i* he only j n[ le>n$3 ,( a tru? ,i p]ceive t ,god is no respect] ( p]sons3 b 9 e nation he t fe>e? ,him1 & worke? righte\sness1 is acceptable to ,him3 a passage :i* has be5 mu* misund]/ood4 ,p h ?\ght t ,/4 ,pet] proclaims by ^! words t x 0 no matt] :at religion a man pr(ess$1 provid$ only he l$ a moral life & work$ righte\sness4 ,8 doctr9e is ( q ano!r type4 ,he _h already proclaim$ to ! ,jews ! exclusive claims ( ,*ri/ z ! door & gate ( et]nal life4 ,9 ! f\r? *apt] & twelf? v]se he _h told ! ,c\ncil at ,j]usalem t 9 none o!r ?an ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,naz>e? is !re salvation3 = nei!r is !re any o!r "n "u heav51 t is giv5 among m5 :]e9 we mu/ be sav$4 ,/4 ,pet] _h se5 & he>d no?+ s9ce :i* c\ld h *ang$ 8 views or made him ?9k consci\s fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ utt]ly unimportant1 z ?is me?od ( int]pretation1 to :i* ,i ref]1 w\ld tea*4 ,/4 ,pet]'s mean+ is q cle> :5 we consid] ! circum/ances amid :i* he /ood4 ,he _h hi!rto ?\ght t ! privilege ( accept+ ! salvation (f]$ 0 limit$ to ! ,jews4 ,n[ he _h le>n$ f ,heav5 itself t ! (f] ( ,god's grace & m]cy 0 free to all1 & t :]ev] man 0 respond+ to ! dictates ( consci5ce & yield+ ass5t to ! guidance ( ! inn] light ) :i* e man 0 bless$1 !re ,god's supreme revelation 0 to be proclaim$ & = !m ! doors ( ,god's ,*ur* 7 to be op5$ wide4 ,/4 ,pet] !n proce$s1 9 8 address1 to recapitulate ! lead+ facts ( ! gospel /ory4 ,he beg9s ) ,john's baptism1 glances at ,*ri/'s miracles1 ,8 crucifixion1 resurrection1 & mission ( ! apo/les1 conclud+ by ann\nc+ ,8 future return to be ! ,judge ( quick & dead4 ,/4 ,pet] mu/1 ( c\rse1 h ent]$ into great] details ?an we possess 9 our n>rative2 b x is n always notic$ t he 0 address+ p n q ignorant ( ! /ory :i* he _h to tell4 ,/4 ,pet] beg9s by expressly /at+1 ,! ^w :i* ,god s5t unto ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 prea*+ good tid+s ( peace by ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,he is ,"l ( all7--t say+ ye y\rselves "k4 ,cornelius & 8 fri5ds 7 dev\t & eag] /ud5ts ( ,jewi% religi\s movem5ts1 & !y _h he>d 9 ,cs>ea vague reports ( ! words & do+s ( ! great prophet :o _h caus$ su* commotion a few ye>s be=e4 ,b !n !y 7 outside ! b\nds ( ,israel1 ^: religi\s au?orities _h reject$ ?is prophet4 ,! religion ( ,israel _h illum9at$ _! own pagan d>kness1 & !y !re=e look$ up to ! decision ( ! high prie/s & ( ! ,sanh$r9 ) pr(\nd v5]ation1 & d>$ n to *all5ge x4 ,!y _h nev] previ\sly come 9 p]sonal contact ) any ( ! new prophet's foll[]s1 & if !y _h1 ^! foll[]s w\ld n h communicat$ to !m any?+ ( _! message4 ,!y simply knew t a wondr\s tea*] _h appe>$1 b t 8 tea*+ 0 univ]sally repudiat$ by ! m5 ^: views !y respect$1 & !re=e !y rema9$ cont5t ) _! old convictions4 ,! in=mation1 h[ev]1 :i* !y _h ga9$ =m$ a solid f\ndation1 ^u :i* ,/4 ,pet] proce$$ to raise ! sup]/ructure ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 impress+ ! po9ts :i* ! ,jews d5i$--! resurrection ( ,*ri/ & ,8 future return to judge ! _w4 ,9 ?is connexion ,/4 ,pet] t\*es ^u a po9t :i* has (t5 ex]cis$ m5's m9ds4 ,9 speak+ ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/ he says1 ,him ,god rais$ up ! ?ird day1 & gave ,him to be made manife/1 n to all ! p1 b unto witnesses t 7 *os5 be=e ( ,god1 ev5 to u1 :o did eat & dr9k ) ,him aft] ,he rose f ! dead4 ,f ! "t ( ,celsus1 :o liv$ 9 ! second c5tury1 p h ask$1 ,:y did n ! ris5 ,savi\r manife/ ,himself to ! *ief prie/s & ,ph>isees8 ,:y did ,he %[ ,himself m]ely to ,8 fri5ds8 ,x is evid5t t f ! v beg9n+ ?is po9t 0 emphasis$ by ! ,*ri/ians !mselves1 z ,/4 ,pet] expressly insi/s ^u x on ?is occasion4 ,n[ sev]al answ]s h be5 giv5 to ?is objection4 ,bi%op ,butl] 9 8 ,analogy deals ) x4 ,he po9ts out t x is only 9 accordance ) ! laws ( ,god's deal+s 9 ord9>y life4 ,god nev] gives ov]:elm+ evid5ce4 ,he m]ely gives suffici5t evid5ce ( ! tru? or wisdom ( any c\rse1 & till m5 improve ! evid5ce :i* ,he gives ,he )holds fur!r evid5ce4 ,*ri/ gave ! ,jews suffici5t evid5ces ( ! tru? ( ,8 "w & mission 9 ! miracles :i* ,he wr\ght & ! graci\s words :i* di/ill$ l ,div9e dew f ,8 lips4 ,!y refus$ ! evid5ce :i* ,he gave1 & x w\ld n h be5 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ,div9e action t ,he %\ld !n give !m m conv9c+ evid5ce4 ,!n1 aga91 ! le>n$ ,butl] argues t x w\ld h be5 useless1 s f> z we are conc]n$1 to h manife/$ ,*ri/ to ! ,jewi% nation at l>ge1 unless ,he 0 also reveal$ & demon/rat$ to be ! ris5 ,savi\r to ! ,romans1 & n to !m m]ely1 b also to ea* successive g5]ation ( m5 z !y arose4 ,= surely if m5 c argue t ! apo/les & ! five hundr$ bre?r5 :o saw ,*ri/ 7 deceiv$1 or 7 ! subjects ( a tempor>y illusion1 x might be z ju/ly argu$ t ! high prie/s & ! ,sanh$r9 at ,j]usalem 7 9 _! turn deceiv$ or ! subjects ( a halluc9ation :i* _! long+ desire = a ,messiah _h produc$4 ,9 mod]n times1 aga91 ,dr4 ,milligan 9 an able & acute "w on ! ,resurrection has argu$ t x 0 impossible1 f ! nature ( ! resurrection body & ! "* ( ! resurrection /ate1 = ,*ri/ to be ?us manife/$ to ! ,jewi% nation4 ,he belong$ to a diff]5t plane4 ,he liv$ n[ on a high] level4 ,he c\ld n n[ be submitt$ to a co>se contact ) gross c>nal m54 ,he 0 oblig$ !re=e to dep5d ^u ! te/imony ( ,8 *os5 witnesses1 =tifi$ & confirm$ by ! evid5ce ( miracles1 ( prophecy1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/ speak+ 9 !m & work+ ) !m4 ,all ^! argum5ts are mo/ true & s\nd1 & yet !y fail to come home to _m m9ds4 ,!y leave some?+ to be desir$4 ,!y fail 9 %[+ ! wisdom ( ! actual c\rse t 0 adopt$4 ,!y leave m5 ?9k+ 9 _! secret he>ts1 w\ld x n aft] all h be5 ! be/ & mo/ satisfactory c\rse if ! ris5 ,"l _h be5 manife/$ to all ! p & n m]ely to witnesses *os5 be=e ( ,god8 ,i ?9k !re is an argum5t :i* has n be5 suffici5tly work$ out1 & :i* directly meets & answ]s ?is objection4 ,! ris5 ,savi\r 0 n manife/$ to all ! p because su* a c\rse w\ld h wreck$ ! great cause :i* ,he _h at he>t1 & defeat$ ! great end ( ,8 ,inc>nation1 :i* 0 to e/abli% a ,*ur* on ! e>? :]e righte\sness & joy & peace 9 ! ,holy ,gho/ w\ld f9d place & ab\nd4 ,let u take x 9 ?is way4 ,let u inquire :at w\ld h be5 ! imm$iate consequ5ce _h ,*ri/ be5 reveal$ to all ! p ga!r$ 9 _! millions = ! celebration ( ! ,passov]4 ,!y w\ld ei!r h reject$ ,him afre% or !y w\ld h accept$ ,him4 ,if !y reject$ ,him1 !y w\ld be only int5sify+ _! responsibility & _! guilt4 ,if !y accept$ ,him z _! long-expect$ ,messiah1 !n w\ld h come ! cata/rophe4 ,9 _! /ate ( /ra9$ expectation & national excitem5t !y w\ld h swept away e b>ri]1 !y w\ld h ru%$ to arms & bur/ into op5 rebellion aga9/ ! ,romans1 initiat+ a w> :i* w\ld h only end$ ) ! annihilation ( ! ,jewi% race or ) ! de/ruction ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,! imm$iate result ( ! manife/ation ( ! ris5 ,savi\r to ! *ief prie/s & ! p w\ld h be5 a de/ruction ( human life ( su* a widespread & awful "* z ! _w _h nev] se54 ,?is we "k f hi/ory w\ld h be5 infallibly ! case4 ,aga9 & aga9 dur+ ! fir/ & second c5turies ! ,jews bur/ =? into simil> rebellions1 urg$ on by "s fanatic :o pret5d$ to be ! long-expect$ deliv]]1 & t5s ( ?\s&s1 aye1 ev5 hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( human lives ,jewi% & ,g5tile 7 repeat$ly sacrific$ on ! alt> ( ?is va9 c>nal expectation4 ,we are expressly in=m$ too t our ,"l _h exp]i5ce 9 ,8 own p]son ( ?is v dang]4 ,/4 ,john tells u t ,*ri/ ,himself _h on "o occasion to escape f ! ,jews :5 !y 7 design+ to take ,him by =ce & make ,him a ,k+2 :ile aga9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is ,book ( ,acts & ! qu]y :i* ! apo/les prop\nd$ ^u ! v eve ( ! ,asc5sion %[ t ev5 !y ) all ! tea*+ :i* !y _h receiv$ f our ,"l conc]n+ ! purely spiritual & int]ior nature ( ,8 k+dom /ill %>$ 9 ! national delusions1 & 7 *]i%+ dreams ( a c>nal empire & ( human triumphs4 ,we conclude1 !n1 on purely hi/orical gr\nds1 & judg+ f ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/1 t ! c\rse :i* ,god actually adopt$ 0 pr(\ndly wise & em95tly calculat$ to avoid ! social dang]s :i* surr\nd$ ! pa? ( ! ,div9e developm5ts4 ,i ?9k t if we /rive to realise ! results :i* w\ld h foll[$ ! manife/ation ( ,*ri/ 9 ! mann] :i* objectors sugge/1 we %all see t ! :ole spiritual object1 ! great end ( ,*ri/'s ,inc>nation1 w\ld h be5 ?us defeat$4 ,t great end 0 to e/abli% a k+dom ( righte\sness1 peace1 & humility2 & t 0 ! purpose atta9$ by ! mode ( action :i* 0 9 fact adopt$4 ,f ! ,day ( ,p5teco/ onw>d ! ,*ur* grew & fl\ri%$1 develop+ & putt+ 9 practice1 h[ev] imp]fectly1 ! laws ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,b if ,*ri/ _h reveal$ ,himself to ! unconv]t$ ,jews ( ,j]usalem aft] ! ,resurrection1 x w\ld n h _h ! slighte/ effect t[>ds mak+ !m ,*ri/ians aft] ! model :i* ,he desir$4 ,nay1 r su* an appe>ance w\ld m]ely h int5sifi$ _! n>r[ ,judaism & confirm$ !m 9 ^? sect>ian prejudices1 t rigid exclusiv5ess f :i* ,*ri/ _h come to deliv] ,8 p4 ,! spiritual effects ( su* an appe>ance w\ld h be5 absolutely no?+4 ,! temporal effects ( x w\ld h be5 awfully disa/r\s1 unless inde$ ,god _h cons5t$ to "w ! mo/ prodigi\s & a/\nd+ miracles1 su* z smit+ ! ,roman armies ) de/ruction & int]f]+ imp]i\sly ) ! c\rse ( human society4 ,!n aga9 x is wor?y ( notice t su* a me?od ( deal+ ) ! ,jews w\ld h be5 contr>y to ,*ri/'s me?ods & laws ( action z display$ dur+ ,8 e>?ly m9i/ry4 ,he nev] work$ miracles = ! m]e purposes ( intellectual conviction4 ,:5 a sign f heav5 0 dem&$ f ,him = ?is v purpose ,he refus$ x4 ,he ev] aim$ at spiritual conv]sion4 ,an exhibition ( ! ris5 ,"l to ! ,jewi% nation might h be5 foll[$ by a c]ta9 am\nt ( intellectual conviction z to ,8 ,div9e au?ority & mission4 ,b1 ap>t f ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i* _h n be5 !n p\r$ out1 ?is intellectual conviction w\ld h be5 turn$ to disa/r\s purposes1 z we h n[ %[n1 & h prov$ utt]ly useless t[>ds spiritual conv]sion4 ,! case ( ! ,resurrection is1 9 fact1 9 _m respects l ! case ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,we ?9k 9 our human bl9dness t we w\ld h manag$ ! manife/ations & revelations ( ,god mu* bett]1 & we secretly f9d fault ) ! ,div9e me?ods1 because ,*ri/ did n come mu* e>li] 9 ! _w's hi/ory & ?\s&s ( ye>s _h to elapse be=e ! ,div9e ,mess5g] appe>$4 ,b !n1 ,scripture assures u t x 0 9 ! fulness ( "t ,*ri/ came1 & a pr(\nd] inve/igation w satisfy u t hi/ory & exp]i5ce be> out ! te/imony ( ,scripture4 ,9 ! same way human bl9dness imag9es t x w\ld h manag$ ! ,resurrection f> bett]1 & x has a s*eme ( its own :]eby ,*ri/ %\ld h be5 manife/$ at once to ! ,jews1 :o w\ld h be5 at once conv]t$ into ,*ri/ians ( ! type ( ! apo/les1 & !n ,*ri/ %\ld h advanc$ to ! city ( ,rome1 ca/+ d[n ! idols 9 ,8 triumphant m>*1 & *ang+ ! ,roman ,empire into ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,?is is some?+ l ! s*eme :i* ! human m9d 9 secret sub/itutes = ! ,div9e plan1 a s*eme :i* w\ld h involv$ ! mo/ extravagant int]ruptions ( ! _w's bus9ess1 ! mo/ extraord9>y int]positions on ,god's "p ) ! c\rse ( human affairs4 ,= "o miracle :i* ! ,div9e me?od has necessitat$1 ! human plan1 :i* lies at ! basis ( ! objections we are consid]+1 w\ld h necessitat$ ! work+ ( a ?\s& miracles & ^! ( a mo/ /up5d\s type4 ,^! consid]ations w help to %[ :at bad judges we are ( ! ,div9e me?ods ( action1 & w t5d t[>ds spiritual & m5tal humility by impress+ ^u u ! inextricable confusion into :i* we %\ld inevitably l& ! _w's affairs _h we b ! managem5t ( !m = a v few h\rs4 ,v]ily z we contemplate ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/ & ! managem5t ( ! :ole plan ( salvation1 we ga!r glimpses ( ! sup]natural wisdom :]eby ! :ole 0 ord]$1 & le>n ?us to s+ ) a deep] mean+ ! anci5t /ra91 ,?y way1 ,o ,god1 is 9 ! sea1 & ,?y pa?s 9 ! great wat]s1 & ,?y foot/eps are n kn[n4 ,?\ l$de/ ?y p l %eep1 by ! h& ( ,moses & ,a>on4#hj #hj ,! aim ( ,*ri/ianity 0 to /rike at ! ess5tial evil ( ! human he>t4 ,"o d>l+ s9 ( man is o/5tation4 ,x 0 "o special vice ( society 9 ! age ( ! ,inc>nation1 z /ud5ts ( ! hi/ory ( t p]iod "k "r well4 ,n[ ! real objection to ! ,div9e me?od ( action ab\t ,*ri/'s ,resurrection is t x 0 n o/5tati\s4 ,if ! human s*eme _h be5 adopt$1 x w\ld simply h enc\rag$ & sanction$ ! o/5tation :i* already dom9at$ ! _w4 ,b ! ,div9e rule ev] is ?is1 ,! k+dom ( ,god come? n ) obs]vation1 & 9 ! v me?od ( its developm5t ,*ri/ianity has taught m5 humility & self-abasem5t4 ,! sacr$ n>rative !n tells u t :ile ,pet] yet spake ^! words1 ! ,holy ,gho/ fell on all !m :i* he>d ! ^w4 ,! bre?r5 :i* came f ,joppa1 /rict obs]v]s ( ! law ( ,moses z !y 71 beheld ! ext]nal pro(s ( ,god's pres5ce1 & 7 amaz$1 because t on ! ,g5tiles also 0 p\r$ out ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :i* is fur!r expla9$ by ! words1 !y he>d ! ,g5tiles speak+ ) tongues & magnify+ ,god4 ,! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ takes ! same & yet a diff]5t %ape f t 9 :i* x 0 manife/$ on ! ,day ( ,p5teco/4 ,! gifts ( tongues on ! ,day ( ,p5teco/ 0 manife/$ 9 a v>iety ( languages1 because !re 0 a va/ v>iety ( tongues & nationalities !n pres5t at ,j]usalem4 ,b x w\ld seem z if on ?is occasion ! ,holy ,gho/ & ,8 gift ( spee* display$ itself 9 sacr$ song & holy praise3 ,!y he>d !m speak ) tongues & magnify ,god4 ,greek 0 practically ! "o tongue ( all ^? :o 7 pres5t4 ,! new conv]ts _h be5 inhabitants = ye>s ( ,cs>ea :i* 0 n[ "o ( ! mo/ ?or\ghly ,greek t[ns 9 ,pale/9e1 s t ! gift ( tongues z display$ on ?is occasion mu/ h be5 ( some:at diff]5t "* f t ex]cis$ on ! ,day ( ,p5teco/1 :5 a va/ v>iety ( nations he>d ! company ( ! disciples & apo/les speak+ 9 _! own languages4 ,!re is ano!r diff]5ce too betwe5 ! orig9al outp\r+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & ?is repetition ( ! gift4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ on ! fir/ occasion 0 p\r$ out ^u ! prea*]s ( ! ^w to qualify !m to prea* to ! p4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ on ! second occasion 0 p\r$ out ^u ! p]sons to :om ! ^w 0 prea*$ to sanction & confirm ! call ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,! gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s are conf9$ to no rank or ord]4 ,!y are display$ z ! common prop]ty ( all ,*ri/ian p1 & indicate ! fre$om & ! pl5te\sness :]e) ,god's bless+s %all be disp5s$ "u ! new cov5ant :i* 0 tak+ ! place ( ! old ,levitical ,law4 ,& !n comes ! la/ t\* :i* ! n>rative puts to ! :ole /ory3 ,!n answ]$ ,pet]1 ,c any man =bid ! wat]1 t ^! %\ld n be baptiz$1 :i* h receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/ z well z we8 ,& he comm&$ !m to be baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:at a corrective we "h f9d ( ^? ultra-spiritual views :i* make %ipwreck ( fai?6 ,we h kn[n intellig5t m5 speak z if ! apo/les laid no /ress ^u holy baptism1 & valu$ x n "o :it z comp>$ ) ! int]ior gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,we h kn[n intellig5t memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds :o c\ld n see t ! apo/les taught ! necessity = :at !y call wat] baptism4 ,= bo? ^! classes ( objectors ^! words ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ?is incid5t 9 ! /ory ( ,cornelius h an important lesson4 ,!y prove ! absolute necessity 9 ! apo/olic e/imation ( ! rite ( ,holy ,baptism z p]petually practis$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,= surely if ev] ! wa%+ ( wat] 9 ! "n ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity c\ld h be5 disp5s$ )1 x 0 9 ! case ( m5 ^u :om ,god _h j p\r$ ! sup]natural gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 & yet ev5 9 _! case ! div9ely appo9t$ sacram5t ( entrance into ! sacr$ society c\ld n be disp5s$ )4 ,!y 7 baptiz$ ) wat] 9 ! sacr$ "n1 & !n1 *]i%+ t sweet s5se ( duty fulfill$ & ob$i5ce r5d]$ & spiritual peace & joy possess$ :i* ,god be/[s ^u ,8 elect p1 !y ent]$ into t full] k & ri*] grace1 t fea/ ( spiritual fat ?+s :i* ,/4 ,pet] c\ld imp>t1 z he told !m f 8 own p]sonal k ( ! life & tea*+ ( ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,x is no wond] t ! hi/ory ( ?is critical ev5t %\ld t]m9ate ) ^! words3 ,!n pray$ !y him to t>ry c]ta9 days1#ha express+ _! ke5 desire to dr9k m deeply ( ! well ( life ?us lately op5$ to _! fa9t+ s\ls4 #ha ,tradition tells v little ab\t ,cornelius4 ,!re is inde$ a long article devot$ to him by ! ,boll&i/s1 ,acta ,sanctorum1 ,feb4 t4 #a1 p4 #bhj1 b !re is no?+ 9 x4 ,he is commemorat$ on ,feb4 #bnd4 ,! ,greeks make him bi%op ( ,scepsis1 ! ,lat9s ( ,cs>ea4 ,/4 ,j]ome says t 9 8 "t ! h\se ( ,cornelius _h be5 turn$ into a *ur*4 ,! /ory ( 8 life z told 9 ! ,m>tyrologies is evid5tly a m]e m$ival concoction4 ,at ,scepsis ! prefect ,demetrius br+s him into a temple ( ,apollo1 :5 at 8 pray] ! idol is sma%$ to pieces & ! magi/rate conv]t$4 ,su* /ories are1 h[ev]1 ! /ock-9-trade ( ! leg5d-mong]s ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,,( ,,! ,,g5tiles4 ,! disciples 7 call$ ,*ri/ians fir/ at ,antio*4--,,acts xi4 #bf4 ,! elev5? *apt] ( ! ,acts is cle>ly divisible into two portions4 ,!re is fir/ ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,pet]'s reception at ,j]usalem aft] ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius1 & secondly ! /ory ( ! orig9 ( ! ,antio*5e ,*ur*1 ! "m & metropolis ( ,g5tile ,*ri/5dom4 ,!y are di/9ct ! "o f ! o!r1 & yet !y are closely connect$ toge!r1 = !y bo? deal ) ! same great topic1 ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles to full & free communion 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god4 ,let u !n se>* out ! l9e ( ?\ght :i* runs l a gold5 ?read ?r\gh ?is :ole *apt]1 sure t 9 do+ s we %all f9d light %$ ^u "s mod]n que/ions f ?is div9ely writt5 ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,i4 ,/4 ,pet] t>ri$ a c]ta9 "t ) ,cornelius & ! o!r new conv]ts at ,cs>ea4 ,!re 0 d\btless mu* to be taught & mu* to be set 9 ord]4 ,baptism 0 9 ! e>ly ,*ur* adm9i/]$ :5 ! conv]ts 7 yet immature 9 fai? & k4 ,! ,*ur* 0 view$ z a hospital1 :]e ! sick & feeble 7 to be admitt$ & cur$4 ,x 0 n !re=e dem&$ ( c&idates = admission t !y %\ld be p]fectly in/ruct$ 9 all ! articles & my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,!re 7 inde$ "s po9ts 9 :i* !y 7 n in/ruct$ at all till !y _h be5 buri$ ) ,*ri/ ?r\gh baptism into dea?4 ,!n :5 !y _h tak5 _! /& ^u ! ,*ri/ian plat=m1 & 7 able to view ! matt] f ! true vantage po9t1 !y 7 admitt$ into full] & deep] my/]ies4 ,pet] too mu/ h _h 8 "w cut out = him at ,cs>ea 9 /riv+ to organise ! ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,philip may h "h l5t 8 aid1 & may h be5 con/itut$ ! resid5t head ( ! local ,*ur*4#hb ,aft] ! baptism ( ! ,e?iopian eunu* he work$ 8 way up to ,cs>ea1 prea*+ 9 all ! t[ns & villages ( t popul\s di/rict4 ,!re he seems to h fix$ 8 resid5ce1 z fifte5 ye>s or s lat] we f9d him p]man5tly locat$ 9 t city ) 8 f\r daught]s1 virg9s1 :i* did prophesy 7,acts xxi4 #h1 #i74 ,we may be sure t "s su* ,*ur* organisation 0 imm$iately />t$ at ,cs>ea4 ,we h already trac$ ! "w ( organisation 9 ,j]usalem4 ,! apo/les orig9ally embrac$ 9 !mselves all m9i/]ial (fices1 z 9 turn ^! (fices 7 orig9ally all summ$ up 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! apo/les _h tak5 an important /ep 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ord] ( deacons at ,j]usalem1 reta9+ 9 _! own h&s ! supreme p[] to :i* appeal & reports c\ld be made4 ,at ,damascus x is evid5t t at ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion !re 0 an organis$ ,*ur*1 ,ananias be+ ! head & *ief ( x1 ) :om communications 7 (ficially held2 :ile ! notices ab\t ,joppa & ! six witnesses ( 8 action :om ,/4 ,pet] br\ght ) him to ,cs>ea indicate t an assembly or ,*ur* organis$ aft] ! model ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* exi/$ 9 t t[n4 #hb ,! ,*ur* tradition reports1 h[ev]1 t ,cornelius 0 fir/ bi%op ( ,cs>ea1 b )\t any solid au?ority = ! /atem5t4 ,see1 h[ev]1 ! note 9 la/ *apt]1 p4 #ada4 ,hav+ conclud$ 8 "w 9 ,cs>ea ,/4 ,pet] return$ to ,j]usalem1 & !re _h to r5d] an acc\nt ( 8 action & 0 plac$ ^u 8 def5ce4 ,:5 ,pet] 0 come up to ,j]usalem1 !y t 7 ( ! circumcision cont5d$ ) him1 say+1 ,?\ w5te/ 9 to m5 uncircumcis$1 & did/ eat ) !m4 ,?is simple circum/ance ?r[s mu* light ^u ! "* ( e>lie/ ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 to a l>ge ext5t a ,*ri/ian democracy4 ,! apo/les ex]cis$ ! supreme executive p[]1 b ! collective ,*ri/ian assembly claim$ ! ex]cise ( _! private judgm5t1 &1 above all1 knew n any?+ ( ! fanci$ privilege ( ,/4 ,pet]1 z ,pr9ce ( ! ,apo/les1 to lay d[n on 8 own au?ority ! laws = ! :ole ,*ri/ian ,commonweal?4 ,"h 0 ,/4 ,pet] ex]cis+ 8 m9i/ry & apo/olic p[] among ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ 7 8 m9i/ry & au?ority receiv$8 ,7 !y treat$ z if ! p]sonal au?ority & decision ( ,/4 ,pet] settl$ e "q )\t any fur!r appeal8 ,?is w be be/ se5 if we tell a /ory well kn[n 9 ! annals ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,! fable ( ,papal ,supremacy began to be ass]t$ ab\t ! ye> #ejj1 :5 a s]ies ( =g]ies 7 circulat$ conc]n+ ! bi%ops ( ,rome & _! decisions dur+ ! ages ( p]secution4 ,"o ( ^! =g]ies dealt ) a pope nam$ ,m>cell9us1 :o presid$ ov] ! ,see ( ,rome dur+ ! beg9n+ ( ! great ,diocletian p]secution4 ,! /ory goes on to tell t ,m>cell9us fell into idolatry 9 ord] to save 8 life4 ,a c\ncil ( ?ree hundr$ bi%ops 0 summon$ at ,s9uessa1 :5 ! assembl$ bi%ops are report$ to h refus$ to pass s5t5ce on ! ,pope1 ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 say+ t ! ,holy ,see may be judg$ by no man4 ,!y !re=e call$ ^u ! ,pope to condemn himself1 z he alone 0 a judge compet5t to ex]cise su* a function4 ,?is /ory1 accord+ to ,dll+]1 0 =g$ ab\t ! ye> #ejj1 & x cle>ly exhibits ! diff]5t view tak5 ( ! position ( ,/4 ,pet] 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem & ( 8 alleg$ successors 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome five c5turies lat]4 ,9 ! latt] case ,/4 ,pet]'s successor _c be judg$ or condemn$ by any mortal4#hc ,accord+ to ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les ! memb]s ( ! /rict] p>ty 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem _h no hesitation 9 *all5g+ ! actions & tea*+ ( ,/4 ,pet] himself1 & x 0 only :5 he c\ld prove ! imm$iate & manife/ approval ( ,heav5 t !y ceas$ _! opposition1 say+1 ,!n to ! ,g5tiles also ha? ,god grant$ rep5tance unto life4 #hc ,see ! article on ,m>cell9us 7#a7 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,*ri/ian ,biography1 vol4 iii41 p4 #hjd1 :]e all ! facts are told ( ?is curi\s /ory4 ,we c 9 ?is incid5t see h[ ! ,*ur* 0 sl[ly b surely develop+ itself "u ! ,div9e guidance4 ,! incid5t :5 ! ord] ( deacons 0 in/itut$ 0 ! prim>y /ep4 ,!re 0 !n fir/ manife/$ t comb9ation ( au?ority & fre$om unit$ ) op5 discussion :i*1 orig9at+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 has be5 ! s\rce ( all mod]n society1 ( mod]n gov]nm5ts1 & mod]n me?ods ( legislation4 ,n[ we see ! same ideas appli$ to que/ions ( doctr9e & discipl9e1 till we come 9 a %ort "t to ! p]fection ( ?is me?od 9 ! celebrat$ ,c\ncil ( ,j]usalem :i* fram$ ! *>t] & trac$ out ! ma9 l9es ( developm5t ^u :i* ! ,*ur* ( ! ,g5tiles & true gospel fre$om 7 e/abli%$4 ,,ii4 ,! c5tre ( ,*ri/ian int]e/ n[ %ifts its position & fixes itself 9 ! city ( ,antio*1 :]e a fur!r /ep 9 advance 0 tak54 ,our att5tion is fir/ ( all recall$ to ! results ( ,/4 ,/eph5's dea?4 ,!y !re=e t 7 scatt]$ abroad ^u ! tribulation t arose ab\t ,/eph5 travell$ z f> z ,phnicia1 & ,cyprus1 & ,antio*1 speak+ ! ^w to none save only to ,jews4 ,b !re 7 "s ( !m1 m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e1 :o1 :5 !y 7 come to ,antio*1 spake unto ! ,greeks also1 prea*+ ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,?is is cle>ly a case ( prea*+ ! gospel to ! ,g5tiles1 & ! "q has be5 rais$1 ,0 ! action ( ^! m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e q indep5d5t ( ! action ( ,/4 ,pet] or an imm$iate result ( ! same8 ,did ! m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e prea* ! gospel to ! ,g5tiles ( ,antio* ( _! own motion1 or did !y wait till tid+s ( ,/4 ,pet]'s action _h rea*$ !m1 & !n1 yield+ to ! g5]\s in/9cts :i* _h be5 long beat+ 9 ! he>ts ( ^! ,hell5i/ic ,jews1 did !y proclaim at ,antio* ! glad tid+s ( salvation :i* ! ,g5tiles ( t gay & brilliant b v wick$ city s mu* ne$$8 ,our answ] to ^! qu]ies is v %ort & pla94 ,we ?9k t ! prea*+ ( ! ,hell5i/s ( ,cyprus to ! ,g5tiles ( ,antio* mu/ h be5 ! result ( ,/4 ,pet]'s action at ,cs>ea1 else :y did !y wait till ,antio* 0 rea*$ to op5 _! m\?s to ! pagan _w8 ,surely if ! sight ( s9 & wick$ness & civilis$ depravity 0 necess>y to /ir !m up to ef=ts = ! spiritual welf>e ( ! ,g5tile _w1 ,phnicia & ,cyprus ab\nd$ ) sc5es q suffici5t to unseal _! lips4 ,b ! =ce ( national prejudice & ( religi\s exclusiv5ess 0 too /rong till !y came to ,antio*1 :]e tid+s mu/ h rea*$ !m ( ! vision & action ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,cs>ea4 ,x is easy to see :y ?is in=mation rea*$ ! mission>ies at ,antio*4 ,cs>ea 0 ! ,roman capital ( ,pale/9e1 & 0 a seaport4 ,antio* 0 ! ,roman capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,syria1 an imm5se ext5t ( t]ritory1 :i* includ$ n m]ely ! c\ntry :i* we call ,syria1 b ext5d$ to ! ,euphrates on ! we/ & to ! des]t int]v5+ betwe5 ,pale/9e & ,egypt on ! s\?4 ,! prefect ( ! ,ea/ resid$ at ,antio*1 & he 0 "o ( ! ?ree or f\r greate/ (ficials "u ! ,roman emp]or4 ,pale/9e 01 9 fact1 a "p ( ! prov9ce ( ,syria1 & its rul] or presid5t 0 dep5d5t ^u ! gov]nor ( ,syria4 ,x is !re=e 9 /ricte/ accordance ) ! facts ( ,roman hi/ory :5 ,/4 ,luke tells 9 8 ,gospel 7ii4 #b7 conc]n+ ! taxation ( ,augu/us ,cs>1 ,?is 0 ! fir/ enrolm5t made :5 ,quir9us 0 gov]nor ( ,syria4 ,antio* be+ !n ! seat ( ! c5tral gov]nm5t ( ! ea/]n division ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & ,cs>ea be+ ! headqu>t]s ( an important lieut5ant ( ! ,syrian proconsul1 x is no wond] !re %\ld h be5 v con/ant int]c\rse betwe5 ! two places4 ,! great magaz9es ( arms = ! entire ea/ 7 locat$ at ,antio*1 & !re too ! money 0 co9$ necess>y to pay ! troops & to c>ry on comm]cial int]c\rse4 ,x mu/ h be5 v easy = an (ficial l ,cornelius1 or ev5 = any simple private soldi] or = an ord9>y ,jew or ,*ri/ian ( ,cs>ea1 to communicate ) ,antio*1 & to s5d ^w conc]n+ ! proce$+s ( ,/4 ,pet] & ! bless+s v\*saf$ by ,god to any dev\t p]son :o might be !re seek+ aft] light & tru?4#hd ,x is q natural !re=e t1 :ile ! ,*ri/ians disp]s$ into v>i\s l&s by ! p]secution at ,j]usalem re/ra9$ !mselves to ! ,jews alone ?r\gh\t _! previ\s lab\rs1 :5 ! m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e he>d tid+s at ,antio* ( ,/4 ,pet] & 8 do+s & revelations at ,cs>ea1 !y at la/ all[$ free scope to _! long+s :i* long ago _h f\nd place 9 _! m lib]alis$ he>ts1 & te/ifi$ to ! ,g5tiles ( ,antio* conc]n+ ! gladsome /ory ( ! gospel4 ,"h aga9 we behold ano!r in/ance ( ! value ( culture & travel & enl>g$ intellig5ce4 ,! ,hell5i/s ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e 7 ! fir/ to realise & act out ! pr9ciple :i* ,god _h taught ,/4 ,pet]4 ,!y saw t ,god's m]cies 7 n re/ra9$ to ! p>ticul> case ( ,cornelius4 ,!y realis$ t 8 0 a typical in/ance1 & t 8 conv]sion 0 int5d$ to c>ry ) x & to decide ! possibility ( ,g5tile salvation & ! =mation ( a ,g5tile ,*ur* all ov] ! _w1 & !y put ! pr9ciple 9 op]ation at once 9 "o ( ! places :]e x 0 mo/ ne$$3 ,:5 ! m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e 7 come to ,antio*1 !y spake unto ! ,greeks also1 prea*+ ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,! me?od ( ! ,div9e developm5t 0 9 ! primitive ages v simil> to t we (t5 /ill behold4 ,"s improvem5t is requir$1 "s new pr9ciple has to be set 9 motion4 ,if y\ng] m5 beg9 ! "w1 or if s\ls notori\s = _! fre] ?\ght or less prejudic$ und]/&+s1 attempt to introduce ! novel pr9ciple1 ! va/ mass ( /olid cons]vative opposition & atta*m5t to ! pa/ is at once quick5$ into lively action4 ,b !n "s ,pet] or ano!r1 "s man ( kn[n rectitude & wor?1 & yet ( equally well-kn[n n>r[ views & devot$ adh]5ce to ! pa/1 takes "s hesitat+ /ep 9 advance4 ,he may inde$ /rive to limit its application to ! special case be=e him1 & he may e>ne/ly deprecate any wid] application ( ! pr9ciple on :i* he has act$4 ,b x is all 9 va94 ,he has s]v$ ! ,div9e purposes4 ,8 n>r[ness & respectability & p]sonal weight h done _! "w1 & h sanction$ ! introduction ( ! pr9ciple :i* !n is appli$ ^u a mu* wid] scale by m5 ^: m9ds h be5 lib]alis$ & tra9$ to seize a great broad pr9ciple & put x into practical op]ation4 #hd ,cs>ea & ,antio* 7 ab\t two hundr$ miles di/ant f ea* o!r by sea4 ,a ,roman trireme travell+ at express spe$ w\ld easily h accompli%$ ?is di/ance 9 two or at mo/ ?ree days4 ,,iii4 ,:5 !y came to ,antio*1 !y spake ! ^w to ! ,greek also4 ,& v]ily ! m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e *ose a fitt+ spot to op5 ! k+dom ( heav5 to ! ,greek _w & to f\nd ! "m ,*ur* ( ,g5tile ,*ri/5dom1 = no city 9 ! :ole _w 0 m completely ,satan's seat1 or m entirely devot$ to ^? works :i* ,/4 ,john describes z ! lu/s ( ! fle%1 & ! lu/ ( ! eye1 & ! va9-glory ( life4 ,let u reflect a little on ! hi/ory & /ate ( ,antio*1 & we %all !n see ! ,div9e motive 9 select+ x z ! site ( ! fir/ great ,g5tile ,*ur*1 & we %all see too ! ,div9e guidance :i* l$ ,/4 ,luke 9 ?is typical ecclesia/ical hi/ory to select ! ,*ur* ( ,antio* = su* frequ5t notice1 exce$+1 z x does1 all o!r ,*ur*es save ,j]usalem 9 ! am\nt ( att5tion be/[$ ^u x 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4#he #he ,! v>i\s ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul & ,gibbon 9 8 ,decl9e & ,fall give m9ute acc\nts ( ,antio*1 its gr&eur & wick$ness2 ,k4 ,o4 ,mll]'s ,antiquities ( ,antio*1 ,gtt+51 #ahci is an exhau/ive "w on ! subject2 see also ,momms5's ,prov9ces1 ,book ,,viii41 *4 x4 ,antio* & ,alex&ria 7 t[ns dat+ f ! same epo*4 ,!y came into exi/5ce ab\t ! ye> #cjj ,b4,c41 be+ ! creation ( ,alex&] ! ,great himself1 or ( ! g5]als :o divid$ 8 empire betwe5 !m4 ,! city ( ,antio* 0 orig9ally built by ,seleucus ,nicator1 ! f\nd] ( ! k+dom ( ,syria1 b 0 subsequ5tly enl>g$1 s t 9 ,/4 ,paul's "t x 0 divid$ into f\r indep5d5t di/ricts or t[ns1 ea* surr\nd$ by its own walls1 & all includ$ )9 "o va/ wall "s fifty feet high1 :i* surm\nt$ m\nta9 tops & 0 c>ri$ at va/ exp5se across valleys & rav9es4 ,antio* 0 9 ! fir/ c5tury c\nt$ ! ?ird city 9 ! _w1 ,rome be+ fir/1 ,alex&ria second1 & ,antio* ?ird4 ,x _h m>vell\s natural advantages4 ,x 0 bless$ ) *>m+ m\nta9 sc5]y4 ,! peaks ris+ up on all sides c\ld be se5 f e "p ( ! city1 imp>t+ ?us to life 9 ,antio* t s5se n m]ely ( beauty & gr&eur1 b ( ! ne>ness ( su* beauty & gr&eur comb9$ ) solitude & fre$om f ! madd+ cr[d :i* seem s sweet to a man :o passes 8 life amid ! noise & hurry ( a great city4 ,:at a *ange 9 ! conditions ( life 9 ,london w\ld be at once br\ght ab\t c\ld ! sc5]y surr\nd+ ,ed9burgh or ,luc]ne be transf]r$ to ! _w's metropolis1 & ! toil] 9 ,fleet ,/reet & ! ,/r& be enabl$ to look amid 8 daily lab\rs ^u cl\d-pi]c+ m\nta9s or peaks clad 9 a robe ( virg9 :ite6 ,antio* 0 built ^u ! s\!rn bank ( ! riv] ,orontes1 along :i* x ext5d$ ab\t five miles4 ,! ma9 /reet ( ! city1 o!rwise call$ ! ,/reet ( ,h]od aft] ! celebrat$ ,h]od ! ,great :o built x1 0 f\r & a half miles long4 ,?is /reet 0 unrivall$ among ! cities ( ! _w1 & 0 furni%$ ) an arcade on bo? sides ext5d+ its :ole l5g?1 b5ea? :i* ! inhabitants c\ld walk & transact bus9ess at all times free f ! heat & f ! ra94 ,! wat] supply ( ,antio* 0 its special feature4 ,! great orator ,libanius1 a native ( ,antio*1 :o liv$ ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ,/4 ,paul1 :ile ! city yet /ood 9 all its gr&eur & beauty1 ?us dwells on ?is feature ( ,antio* 9 a panegyric compos$ "u ! ,emp]or ,con/antius3 ,t :]e9 we beat all o!r is ! wat] supply ( our city2 if 9 o!r respects any "o may compete ) u1 all give way s soon z we come to speak ( ! wat]1 its abundance & its excell5ce4 ,9 ! public ba?s e /ream has ! proportions ( a riv]1 9 ! private ba?s sev]al h ! l1 & ! re/ n mu* less4 ,"o measures ! abundance ( runn+ wat] by ! numb] ( ! dwell+-h\ses2 = z _m z are ! dwell+-h\ses1 s _m are also ! runn+ wat]s4 ,!re=e we h no fight+ at ! public wells z to :o %all come fir/ to draw--an evil "u :i* s _m consid]able t[ns suff]1 :5 !re is a viol5t cr[d+ r\nd ! wells & outcry ov] brok5 j>s4 ,) u ! public f\nta9s fl[ = ornam5t1 s9ce e "o has wat] )9 8 doors4 ,& ?is wat] is s cle> t ! pail appe>s empty1 & s pleasant t x invites u to dr9k4#hf ,su* 0 ! description ( a pagan :o saw ,antio* ev5 z ,/4 ,paul saw x1 & te/ifi$ conc]n+ ! natural gifts ) :i* ,god _h end[$ x4 ,b1 alas6 z ) individuals1 s is x ) cities4 ,god may lavi% ,8 be/ bless+s1 & yet in/ead ( br++ =? ! fruits ( righte\sness ,8 *oice/ gifts ( nature may be turn$ into fruitful se$ plots ( lu/ & s94 ,sodom & ,gomorrha 7 plant$ 9 a vale t 0 well wat]$ & fair & fruitful1 ev5 z ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,"l2 b ! inhabitants !re( 7 wick$1 & s9n]s be=e ! ,"l exce$+ly2 & s x 0 ) ,antio*4 ,?is city s bless$ 9 situation & 9 nature's ri*e/ & mo/ preci\s gifts 0 celebrat$ = its wick$ pre-em95ce amid ! awful corruption :i* !n ov]spread ! cities ( ! _w4 ,:5 ! ,roman satiri/ ,juv5al1 writ+ ab\t ?is p]iod ( :i* we treat1 w\ld fa9 acc\nt = ! excessive dissolution ( morals :i* !n prevail$ at ,rome1 8 explanation ( x 0 t ! mann]s ( ,antio* _h invad$ ,rome & corrupt$ its anci5t purity3 ,jampridem ,syrus 9 ,tib]im defluxit ,orontes4#hg #hf ,! same orator in=ms u t ! /reets ( ,antio* 7 light$ at night ) public lamps4 ,9 ?is respect x /ood alone among ! cities ( antiquity3 see ,libanius1 ,i41 #cfc1 & ! notes ( ,valesius on ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 xiv41 #a1 #i4 #hg ,juv41 ,sat41 iii41 #fb4 ,see ,f>r>'s ,/4 ,paul1 *4 xvi41 = a m m9ute acc\nt ( ! wick$ness ( ,antio* ?an we c give 9 ?is place4 ,he well rem>ks3 ,cities liable to ! influx ( het]og5e\s races are r>ely o!rwise ?an immoral & debas$4 ,ev5 ,rome 9 ! decad5ce ( its ,cs>ism c\ld groan to ?9k ( ! dregs ( its degradation--! quacks & p&>s1 & musicians & danc+ girls--p\r$ into ! ,tib] by ! ,syrian ,orontes4444 ,x seems z ?\gh x 7 a law ( human int]c\rse t1 :5 races are comm+l$ 9 l>ge masses1 ! wor/ qualities ( ea* appe> int5sifi$ 9 ! g5]al iniquity4 ,amid ! g5]al wick$ness ( ,antio* !re 0 "o elem5t ( life & hope & purity4 ,! ,jews ( ,antio* =m$ a l>ge society 9 t city gov]n$ by _! own laws & pres]v+ !mselves by _! peculi> discipl9e free f ! ab\nd+ vices ( ,ori5tal paganism4 ,x 0 at ,antio* z x 0 at ,alex&ria & ,damascus4 ,! ,jews at ,alex&ria _h _! alab>* to :om !y ow$ special allegiance & by :om alone !y 7 rul$2 ! ,jews ( ,damascus _h _! e?n>* :o ex]cis$ peculi> jurisdiction ov] !m2 & s too _h ! ,jews ( ,antio* a peculi> rul] ( _! own1 =m+ ?us an imp]ium 9 imp]io runn+ c\nt] to our ,we/]n notions :i* 9 _m respects dem& an iron uni=mity v =eign to ! ,ea/]n m9d1 & %[ !mselves em95tly defici5t 9 t flexibility & div]sity :i* f\nd an abundant play ev5 among ! arrangem5ts ( ! ,roman ,empire4#hh ,?is ,jewi% qu>t] ( ,antio* _h = c5turies be5 gr[+ & ext5d+ itself1 & its *ief synagogue _h be5 glorifi$ by ! reception ( "s ( ! *oice/ temple spoils :i* ! k+s ( ,syria _h at fir/ c>ri$ captive f ,j]usalem & !n 9 a fit ( rep5tance or ( prud5t policy _h be/[$ ^u ! ,jewi% colony 9 _! capital city4 #hh ,we %all h frequ5t occasions to notice ! num]\s v>ieties ( rule1 privileges1 & local lib]ties :i* prevail$ "u ! ,roman ,empire4 ,! ,romans seem to h scrupul\sly respect$ anci5t rights & cu/oms :]ev] possible1 provid$ only ! supreme sov]eignty ( ,rome 0 recognis$4 ,su* 0 ! city to :i* ! m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e 7 n[ c>ry+ ! news ( ! gospel1 int5d+1 d\btless1 to tell m]ely _! ,jewi% fell[-c\ntrym5 & religioni/s ( ! ,messiah ^: love & p[] !y _h !mselves exp]i5c$4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 !y 7 met by ! />tl+ in=mation f ,cs>ea4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 prep>$ = x4 ,!y 7 ,hell5i/ic ,jews l ,/4 ,/eph54 ,!y _h li/5$ to 8 burn+ words1 & _h foll[$ closely 8 epo*-mak+ spee*es :]eby he conf\nd$ ! ,jews & cle>ly indicat$ ! op5+ ( a new era4 ,b !n ,god's disp5sations seem$ to h t]m9at$ 8 tea*+ & put a fatal end to ! hopes :i* he _h rais$4 ,m5 !n misread ,god's deal+s ) ,8 s]vants1 & int]pret$ ,8 ways amiss4 ,! dea? ( ,/eph5 seem$ p]haps to "s m9ds a visible condemnation ( 8 views1 :5 9 reality x 0 ! direct *annel by :i* ,god w\ld "w out a wid] propagation ( !m1 z well z ! conv]sion ( ! ag5t de/9$ to diffuse !m mo/ p[]fully4 ,app>5t defeat is n always p]man5t disa/]1 :e!r 9 ?+s temporal or ?+s spiritual2 nay1 r ! tempor>y *eck may be ! necess>y condition ( ! f9al & glori\s victory4 ,s x 0 9 ?is case1 z ! m5 ( ,cyprus & ,cyr5e prov$1 :5 ! news ( ,/4 ,pet]'s revelation & 8 decisive action arriv$ & !y realis$ 9 action ! pr9ciples ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity = :i* _! lov$ tea*] ,/4 ,/eph5 _h di$4 ,& _! brave action 0 soon foll[$ by bless$ success1 by a ri* h>ve/ ( s\ls3 ,! h& ( ! ,"l 0 ) !m2 & a great numb] t believ$ turn$ to ! ,"l4 ,?us 7 laid ! f\ndations ( ! headqu>t]s1 ! "m ,*ur* ( ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity4 ,,iv4 ,n[ we come to ano!r /ep 9 ! developm5t4 ,tid+s ( ! action tak5 at ,antio* came to ,j]usalem4 ,! news mu/ h travell$ mu* ! same road z t by :i*1 z we h indicat$1 ! /ory ( ,/4 ,pet]'s action 0 c>ri$ to ,antio*4 ,! int]c\rse betwe5 ,j]usalem & ,antio* 0 frequ5t en\gh by l& or by sea2 & no synagogue & no ,jewi% society 0 m lib]al 9 its gifts t[>ds ! support ( ! supreme c\ncil & hi]>*y at ,j]usalem ?an ! ,jewi% colony & its synagogues at ,damascus4 ,& ! old cu/om ( communication ) ,j]usalem naturally l$ ! ,naz>5es ( ,antio* to s5d ^w ( _! proce$+s up to ! apo/les & supreme c\ncil :o rul$ _! p>5t society 9 ! same city4 ,we see a cle> indication t ! ev5ts at ,antio* happ5$ subsequ5tly to ^? at ,cs>ea 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! news 0 receiv$ at ,j]usalem4 ,!re seems to h be5 no /rife1 no discussion1 no controv]sy4 ,! "q _h be5 already rais$ & decid$ aft] ,/4 ,pet]'s return4 ,s ! apo/les simply select a fitt+ mess5g] to g =? ) ! au?ority ( ! apo/les & to complete ! "w :i*1 hav+ be5 initiat$ 9 baptism1 m]ely n[ dem&$ t imposition ( h&s :i*1 z we h se5 9 ! case ( ! ,sam>itan conv]ts1 0 "o ( ! special functions ( ! apo/les & *iefs ( ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem4 ,& 9 *oos+ ,b>nabas ! apo/les made a wise *oice4 ,!y did n s5d "o ( ! orig9al ,twelve1 because n "o ( !m 0 fitt$ = ! peculi> "w n[ dem&$4 ,!y 7 all n>r[1 prov9cial1 untravell$1 devoid ( t wide & g5]\s tra9+ :i* ,god _h giv5 to ,b>nabas4 ,x may be too t !y felt re/ra9$ f go+ beyond ! b\nds ( ,canaan be=e ! twelve ye>s _h elaps$ ( :i* anci5t ,*ri/ian tradition tells z ! limit ( _! /ay 9 ,j]usalem fix$ by our ,"l ,himself4#hi ,he 0 a ,hell5i/ic ,jew1 & he c\ld sympa?ise ) ! wid] feel+s & ideas ( ! ,hell5i/s4 ,he 0 a man ( ,cyprus1 a fri5d & p]haps connexion ( _m1 bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles1 among ^? ^: new-born fai? & hope 7 n[ 9 "q4 ,& above all he 0 a man ( k9dly he>t & g5ial temp] & lov+ ?\ght & bless$ *>ity1 fitt$ to soo! jeal\sies & allay suspicions1 & make ! long ali5at$ & despis$ ,g5tiles feel at home 9 ! ,*ur* & family ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b>nabas 0 a p]son peculi>ly fitt$ to prove a m$iator & unit+ l9k 9 a society :]e div]g5t elem5ts f\nd a place & ass]t$ !mselves4 ,he 0 n ! man to take a new /ep or to h decid$ ! "q ( ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles if x _h n be5 already settl$4 ,he mu/ h come !re=e =tifi$ by ! au?ority ( ! apo/les1 & !n1 kn[+ "r well :at !y approv$1 he 0 j ! man to c>ry out ! details ( an arrangem5t requir+ tact & skill & temp]2 ?\gh he 0 by no means suit$ to decide a great "q on its own m]its or to initiate any great movem5t4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god !n1 z 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god /ill1 !re is a place & a "w = ! /rong man ( ke5 logic & vigor\s intellect & pr(\nd ?\ght4 ,& !re is too a place & a "w = ! man ( lov+ he>t & a *>ity :i* ev]more delights 9 compromise4 ,b>nabas1 :5 he 0 come1 & _h se5 ! grace ( ,god1 0 glad2 & he exhort$ !m all1 t ) purpose ( he>t !y w\ld cleave unto ! ,"l4 ,= he 0 a good man1 & full ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & fai?2 & mu* p 0 add$ unto ! ,"l4 ,b>nabas _h ano!r virtue too4 ,he knew 8 own weakness4 ,he did n imag9e l "s m5 t he 0 specially /rong :]e he 0 em95tly weak4 ,he felt 8 want ( ! active vigor\s m9d ( 8 fri5d ( boyhood ! new conv]t ,saul4 ,he knew :]e he 0 liv+ 9 comp>ative obscurity & sil5ce2 s aft] a little exp]i5ce ( ! atmosph]e ( ,antio* he dep>t$ to ,t>sus to seek = him & br+ him back :]e a great "w 0 await+ 8 peculi> turn ( m9d4 ,!re is an anci5t hi/orian ( ,antio* :o has pres]v$ = u _m /ories ab\t t city 9 ^! apo/olic & ev5 9 mu* e>li] ages4 ,8 "n is ,john ,malalas2 he liv$ ab\t six hundr$ ye>s aft] ,*ri/1 b _h access to _m anci5t docum5ts & writ]s t are no long] kn[n to u4 ,he tells u _m ?+s ab\t ! primitive ,*ur* ( ,antio*4 ,he has 8 own v]sion ( ! qu>rel betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet] :i* happ5$ 9 t city2 & he fixes ev5 ! v spot :]e ,/4 ,paul fir/ prea*$1 tell+ u t its "n 0 ,s+on ,/reet1 :i* /ood ne> ! ,pan!on4 ,?is may seem to u a m9ut5ess ( detail too great to be believ$4 ,b !n we mu/ rememb] t ,john ,malalas expressly cites anci5t *ronolog]s & hi/orians z 8 au?orities1 & he himself liv$ :ile z yet ,antio* reta9$ all ! anci5t arrangem5ts ( /reets & divisions4 ,& surely ,saul1 z he travell$ f ,t>sus respond+ at once to ! call ( ,b>nabas1 mu/ h se5 en\gh to /ir 8 love to ,*ri/ & to s\ls into he>tie/ ex]tion4 ,he came d\btless by sea & l&$ at ,seleucia1 ! port ( ,antio*1 "s sixte5 miles di/ant f ! city4 ,z he travell$ up to ,antio* he w\ld get di/ant glimpses ( ! groves ( ,daphne1 a p>k t5 miles 9 circumf]5ce1 d$icat$ inde$ to ! poetic wor%ip ( ,apollo1 b d$icat$ also to ! vile/ purposes ( wick$ness intimately associat$ ) t poetic wor%ip4 ,poetry1 :e!r anci5t or mod]n1 c be v bless$1 ennobl+ & elevat+ man's :ole nature4 ,b ! same poetry1 z 9 anci5t paganism & 9 "s mod]n writ]s1 c become a fe/]+ plague-spot1 ! ab\nd+ s\rce to its vot>ies ( moral corruption & spiritual dea?4#ij #hi ,see ,eusebius1 ,eccles4 ,hi/41 v41 #ah4 #ij ,!re is a good description ( ,daphne z ,/4 ,paul may h se5 x 9 ,gibbon's ,decl9e & ,fall1 *4 xxiii4 ,we borr[ a few extracts f x to give a m vivid idea ( ,antio* 9 ,/4 ,paul's day4 ,at ! di/ance ( five miles f ,antio* ! ,mac$onian k+s ( ,syria _h consecrat$ to ,apollo "o ( ! mo/ elegant places ( devotion 9 ! pagan _w4 ,a magnific5t temple rose 9 hon\r ( ! ,god ( light2 & 8 colossal figure almo/ fill$ ! capaci\s sanctu>y :i* 0 enri*$ ) gold & gems & adorn$ by ! skill ( ! ,grecian arti/s4 ,! deity 0 repres5t$ 9 a b5d+ attitude1 ) a gold5 cup 9 8 h&1 p\r+ out a libation on ! e>?1 z if he supplicat$ ! v5]able "m to give to 8 arms ! cold & beaute\s ,daphne2 = ! spot 0 ennobl$ by fiction1 & ! fancy ( ! ,syrian poets _h transport$ ! amor\s tale f ! banks ( ! ,p]seus to ! t[n ( ! ,orontes4 ,! temple & village 7 deeply bosom$ 9 a ?ick grove ( laurels & cypresses1 :i* rea*$ z f> z a circumf]5ce ( t5 miles1 & prov$ 9 ! mo/ sultry summ]s a cool & imp5etrable %ade4 ,a ?\s& /reams ( ! pure/ wat]1 issu+ f e hill1 pres]v$ ! v]dure ( ! e>? & ! temp]ature ( ! air2 ! s5ses 7 gratifi$ ) h>moni\s s\nds & aromatic od\rs2 & ! peaceful grove 0 consecrat$ to heal? & joy1 to luxury & love4 ,! soldi] & ! philosoph] wisely avoid$ ! temptations ( ?is s5sual p>adise1 :]e pleasure1 assum+ ! "* ( religion1 imp]ceptibly dissolv$ ! firmness ( manly virtue4 ,gibbon's notes ab\nd ) ample pro( ( ! /atem5ts he makes4 ,to !m we may ref] ! read] curi\s ab\t ! details ( anci5t paganism4 ,daphne & its associations w\ld r\se ! :ole s\l1 ! heal?y moral nature ( ,saul ( ,t>sus1 inh]it$ orig9ally f 8 anci5t ,jewi% tra9+1 & n[ quick5$ & deep5$ by ! spiritual revelations made to him 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,x is no wond] !n t "h we read ( ,/4 ,paul's fir/ long & cont9u\s p]iod ( m9i/]ial "w3 ,x came to pass t ev5 = a :ole ye> !y 7 ga!r$ toge!r ) ! ,*ur*1 & taught mu* p4 ,! results ( ! new =ce :i* ,b>nabas introduc$ into ! spiritual life ( ,antio* soon became manife/$4 ,! disciples 7 fir/ call$ ,*ri/ians at ,antio*4 ,saul ( ,t>sus possess$ :at ,b>nabas did n possess4 ,he possess$ a p[]ful1 a logical1 & a creative intellect4 ,he realis$ f ! beg9n+ :at 8 own pr9ciples meant & to :at !y 7 lead+ him4 ,he taught n ,judaism or ! ,law ) an addition m]ely ab\t ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,he tr\bl$ n himself ab\t circumcision or ! old cov5ant1 b he taught f ! v beg9n+ ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ,*ri/ 9 ,8 ,div9e & human nature1 ,*ri/ 9 ,8 v>i\s (fices1 ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! "o hope = mank9d4 ,?is 0 n[ at ,antio*1 z be=e at ,damascus1 ! /aple topic ( ,/4 ,paul's prea*+1 & !re=e ! ,antio*5es1 ) _! ready wit & prov]bial p[] ( giv+ nicknames1 at once designat$ ! new sect n ,naz>5es or ,galileans z ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem call$ !m1 b ,*ri/ians or adh]5ts ( ,*ri/4#ia ,"h1 h[ev]1 ,i pref] to avail myself ( ! exposition :i* "o ( ! great spiritual tea*]s ( ! la/ g5]ation gave u ( ?is expression4 ,! well-kn[n & le>n$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl91 ,dr4 ,tr5*1 9 8 ,/udy ( ,words 7#ba/ ,ed43 ,lond4 #ahij71 p4 #ahi1 ?us draws out ! lesson connect$ ) ?is ^w & ! "t ( its appe>ance3 ',! disciples 7 call$ ,*ri/ians fir/ 9 ,antio*4' ,t we h "h a notice :i* we w\ld n will+ly h miss$ all w ackn[l$ge1 ev5 z no?+ c be o!rwise ?an curi\s :i* relates to ! infancy ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b !re is "h mu* m ?an a curi\s notice4 ,"q x a little clos]1 & h[ mu* x w be f\nd to conta91 h[ mu* :i* x is wait+ to yield up6 ,:at light x ?r[s on ! :ole /ory ( ! ,apo/olic ,*ur* to "k :]e & :5 ?is "n ( ,*ri/ians 0 fir/ impos$ on ! fai?ful2 = impos$ by adv]s>ies x c]ta9ly 01 n devis$ by !mselves1 h[ev] aft]w>ds !y may h le>n$ to glory 9 x z ! "n ( highe/ dignity & hon\r4 ,!y did n call !mselves1 b1 z is expressly record$1 !y '7 call$' ,*ri/ians fir/ at ,antio*2 9 agreem5t ) :i* /atem5t ! "n occurs n[h]e 9 ,scripture1 except on ! lips ( ^? ali5 f or oppos$ to ! fai? 7,acts xxvi4 #bh2 #a ,pet] iv4 #af74 ,& z x 0 a "n impos$ by adv]s>ies1 s among ^! adv]s>ies x 0 pla9ly hea!ns1 & n ,jews1 :o 7 its au?ors2 = ,jews w\ld nev] h call$ ! foll[]s ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ',*ri/ians1' or ^? ( ,*ri/1 ! v po9t ( _! opposition to ,him be+1 t ,he 0 n ! ,*ri/1 b a false pret5d] to ! "n4 ,/>t+ !n f ?is po9t t ',*ri/ians' 0 a title giv5 to ! disciples by ! hea!n1 :at may we d$uce f x fur!r8 ,at ,antio* !y fir/ obta9$ ?is "n--at ! city1 t is1 :i* 0 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,*ur*'s mission to ! hea!n1 9 ! same s5se z ,j]usalem _h be5 ! headqu>t]s ( ! mission to ! se$ ( ,abraham4 ,x 0 !re & among ! fai?ful !re t a conviction ( ! _w-wide de/9ation ( ! gospel arose2 !re x 0 fir/ pla9ly se5 z int5d$ = all k9dr$s ( ! e>?4 ,hi!rto ! fai?ful 9 ,*ri/ _h be5 call$ by _! adv]s>ies1 & inde$ 7 (t5 /ill call$ ',galileans' or ',naz>5es'--bo? names :i* indicat$ ! ,jewi% cradle :]e9 ! ,*ur* _h be5 nurs$1 & t ! _w saw 9 ! new society no m ?an a ,jewi% sect4 ,b x 0 pla9 t ! ,*ur* _h n[1 ev5 9 ! _w's eyes1 *ipp$ its ,jewi% %ell4 ,! "n ,*ri/ians or ^? ( ,*ri/1 :ile x told t ,*ri/ & ! confession ( ,him 0 felt ev5 by ! hea!n to be ! sum & c5tre ( ?is new fai?1 %[$ also t !y compreh5d$ n[1 n all :i* ! ,*ur* w\ld be1 b some?+ ( ?is2 saw ?is mu*1 namely1 t x 0 no m]e sect & v>iety ( ,judaism1 b a ,society ) a mission & a de/9y ( its own4 ,nor w ! ?\ghtful read] fail to obs]ve t ! com+ up ( ?is "n is by close/ juxtaposition connect$ 9 ! sacr$ n>rative1 & /ill m closely 9 ! ,greek ?an 9 ! ,engli%1 ) ! arrival at ,antio*1 & ) ! prea*+ !re1 ( t ,apo/le :o 0 ,god's appo9t$ in/rum5t = br++ ! ,*ur* to a full s5se t ! message :i* x _h 0 n = "s m5 only1 b = all4 ,z s (t5 happ5s ) ! rise ( new names1 ! rise ( ?is "o m>k$ a new epo* 9 ! ,*ur*'s life1 & t x 0 ent]+ ^u a new /age ( developm5t4 ,?is is a long extract1 b x sets =? 9 dignifi$ & aptly *os5 words1 su* z ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* always us$1 ! important lessons :i* ! ?\ghtful /ud5t ( ! ,acts may ga!r f ! "t & place :]e ! t]m ,*ri/ians fir/ sprang into exi/5ce4 #ia ,! ,antio*5es 7 always fam\s = ! dang]\s p[] ( ridicule & giv+ nicknames4 ,!y qu>rell$ on ?is acc\nt ) ! emp]ors ,hadrian1 ,v]us1 ,m>cus1 ,sev]us1 & ,julian4 ,! la/ m5tion$ has celebrat$ ^! t5d5cies 9 8 celebrat$ treatise entitl$ ,misopogon1 or ! ,be>d-hat]4 ,ev5 9 its f9al ov]?r[ ! city pres]v$ ?is di/9ction4 ,9 ! ye> #edj ! ,p]sian k+ ,*osroes ,nu%irvan took x by /orm4 ,:5 he appe>$ be=e ! city he 0 receiv$ ) a %[] ( arr[s m+l$ ) obsc5e s>casms1 :i* s enrag$ him t he remov$ ! inhabitants :5 he _h tak5 ! t[n to a new ,antio* 9 ! prov9ce ( ,susa4 ,f9ally1 we notice 9 connexion ) ,antio* t ! f\ndation ( ! great ,g5tile ,*ur* 0 m>k$ by ! same univ]sal impulse :i* we trace :]ev] ,*ri/ 0 effectually prea*$4 ,! fai? ( ! ,crucifi$ ev]more produc$ love to ! bre?r54 ,agabus1 a prophet :om we %all aga9 meet _m ye>s aft] 9 ! c\rse ( ,/4 ,paul's life1 & :o !n pr$ict$ 8 approa*+ arre/ & captivity at ,j]usalem1 made 8 e>lie/ record$ appe>ance at ,antio*1 :]e he ann\nc$ an imp5d+ fam9e4 ,agabus ex]cis$ ! (fice ( a prophet1 :i* impli$ "u ! ,new ,disp5sation r ! (fice ( prea*+ ?an ( pr$iction4 ,pr$iction1 inde$1 :e!r "u ! ,old or ! ,new ,disp5sation1 =m$ b a small portion ( ! prophetical (fice4 ,! "w ( ! prophet 0 pre-em95tly t ( tell+ =? ,god's w & en=c+ x ^u a c>eless g5]ation4 ,occasionally inde$1 z 9 ! case ( ,agabus1 t tell+ =? involv$ pr$iction or ann\ncem5t ( ,god's *a/isem5ts & visitations2 b f> (t5] ! prophet's "w 0 f9i%$ :5 he en=c$ ! great pr9ciples ( tru? & righte\sness z ! ,*ri/ian prea*] does /ill4 ,agabus seems to h be5 specially gift$ 9 ! direction ( pr$iction4 ,he ann\nc$ a fam9e z imp5d+ ov] ! :ole _w1 :i* came to pass 9 ! age ( ,claudius1 (f]+ to ! ,g5tile ,*ur* ( ,antio* an opportunity1 ( :i* !y gladly avail$ !mselves1 to repay some:at ( ! spiritual obligation :i* ! ,g5tiles ow$ to ! ,jews accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's own rule3 ,if ! ,g5tiles h be5 made p>tak]s ( _! spiritual ?+s1 !y owe x to !m also to m9i/] unto !m 9 c>nal ?+s4#ib ,we c trace "h ! =ce & p[] ( anci5t ,jewi% cu/oms4 ,we c see h[ ! m\ld & =m & ext]nal %ape ( ! ,*ur* 0 ga9$ f ! ,jew4 ,! ,jewi% colony ( ,antio* _h be5 ( old fam\s = ! lib]ality ( its gifts to ! "m community at ,j]usalem4 ,! pr$om9ant elem5t 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,antio* 0 n[ ,g5tile1 b /ill ! anci5t cu/oms prevail$4 ,! ,g5tile ,*ri/ian community act$ t[>ds ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* z ! ,jewi% community _h be5 us$ to treat _! c\ntrym53 ,! disciples1 e man accord+ to 8 ability1 det]m9$ to s5d relief unto ! bre?r5 t dwelt 9 ,juda3 :i* also !y did1 s5d+ x to ! eld]s by ! h& ( ,b>nabas & ,saul4 #ib ,?is fam9e is ?or\ghly hi/orical4 ,x is notic$ by sev]al :o wrote ( ?is "t1 z ,dion1 lx41 #aa2 ,suetonius1 ,claud41 #bj2 ,aurelius1 ,victor2 & is confirm$ by ! te/imony ( ! co9s3 see ,eckhel1 vi41 #bch1 #bci1 #bdj4 ,cf4 ,lew9's ,fa/i ,sacri1 p4 #bgd1 ,a4,d4 #db4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,defeat ,,( ,,pride4 ,n[ ab\t t "t ,h]od ! k+ put =? 8 h&s to afflict c]ta9 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& he kill$ ,james ! bro!r ( ,john ) ! sword4 ,& :5 he saw t x pleas$ ! ,jews1 he proce$$ to seize ,pet] also4444 ,imm$iately an angel ( ! ,"l smote ,h]od1 because he gave n ,god ! glory3 & he 0 eat5 ( worms1 & gave up ! gho/4 ,b ! ^w ( ,god grew & multipli$4--,,acts xii4 #a-c1 #bc-bd4 ,! *apt] at :i* we h n[ arriv$ is v important f a *ronological po9t ( view1 z x br+s ! sacr$ n>rative into contact ) ! affairs ( ! ext]nal _w conc]n+ :i* we h indep5d5t k4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* & ( ! outside _w = ! fir/ "t cle>ly int]sect1 & we ?us ga9 a fix$ po9t ( "t to :i* we c ref]4 ,?is *ronological "* ( ! twelf? *apt] ( ! ,acts arises f its introduction ( ,h]od & ! n>rative ( ! second notable p]secution :i* ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem _h to endure4 ,! appe>ance ( a ,h]od on ! sc5e & ! trag$y 9 :i* he 0 ! actor dem& a c]ta9 am\nt ( hi/orical explanation1 =1 z we h already not$ 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,/eph5 five or six ye>s previ\sly1 ,roman procurators & ,jewi% prie/s & ! ,sanh$r9 !n possess$ or at lea/ us$ ! p[] ( ! sword 9 ,j]usalem1 :ile a ^w _h n be5 he>d ( a ,h]od ex]cis+ capital jurisdiction 9 ,juda = m ?an =ty ye>s4 ,:o 0 ?is ,h]od8 ,:5ce came he8 ,h[ does he em]ge s sudd5ly ^u ! /age8 ,z great confusion exi/s 9 ! m9ds ( _m ,bible /ud5ts ab\t ! ramifications ( ! ,h]odian family & ! v>i\s (fices & gov]nm5ts !y held1 we mu/ make a brief digression 9 ord] to %[ :o & :5ce ?is ,h]od 0 conc]n+ :om we are told1 ,n[ ab\t t "t ,h]od ! k+ put =? 8 h&s to afflict c]ta9 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is ,h]od ,agrippa 0 a gr&son ( ,h]od ! ,great1 & display$ 9 ! solit>y notice ( him :i* ,holy ,scripture has h&$ d[n _m ( ! *>act]i/ics1 cruel1 blood?ir/y & yet magnific5t1 :i* t celebrat$ sov]eign manife/$ ?r\gh\t 8 life4#ic ,! /ory ( ,h]od ,agrippa 8 gr&son 0 a real romance4 ,he made trial ( e /ation 9 life4 ,he _h be5 at times a captive1 at times a conqu]or4 ,he _h at v>i\s p]iods exp]i5ce ( a prison h\se & ( a ?rone4 ,he _h felt ! dep?s ( pov]ty1 & _h n kn[n :]e to borr[ money suffici5t to pay 8 way to ,rome4 ,he _h ta/$ ( ! sweetness ( afflu5ce1 & _h enjoy$ ! pleasures ( magnific5t liv+4 ,he _h be5 a subject & a rul]1 a dep5dant on a tyrant1 & ! tru/$ fri5d & c\ncillor ( emp]ors4 ,8 /ory is wor? tell+4 ,he 0 born ab\t t5 ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & 0 ! son ( ,ari/obulus1 "o ( ! sons ( ,h]od ! ,great4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od1 8 gr&fa!r1 ! ,h]odian family 0 scatt]$ all ov] ! _w4 ,"s obta9$ (ficial positions2 o!rs 7 oblig$ to %ift = !mselves1 dep5d+ on ! fragm5ts ( ! =tune :i* ! great k+ _h left !m4 ,agrippa liv$ at ,rome till ab\t ! ye> #cj ,a4,d41 associat+ ) ,drusus1 ! son ( ! ,emp]or ,tib]ius1 by :om he 0 l$ into ! wilde/ extravagance4 ,he 0 bani%$ f ,rome ab\t t ye>1 & 0 oblig$ to retire to ,pale/9e1 cont5t+ himself ) ! small (ficial po/ ( dile ( ,tib]ias 9 ,galilee1 giv5 him by 8 uncle ,h]od ,antipas1 :i* he held ab\t ! "t :5 our ,"l 0 tea*+ 9 t neighb\rhood4 ,dur+ ! next six ye>s ! =tunes ( ,agrippa 7 ( ! mo/ *equ]$ k9d4 ,he soon qu>rell$ ) ,antipas1 & is next f\nd a fugitive at ! c\rt ( ,antio* ) ! ,prefect ( ! ,ea/4 ,he !re borr[$ f a money-l5d] ! sum ( #hjj at #ab-a_/b p] c5t4 int]e/1 to enable him to g to ,rome & pu% 8 int]e/s at ! imp]ial c\rt4 ,he 0 arre/$1 h[ev]1 = a l>ge debt due to ! ,treasury j :5 he 0 emb>k+1 & consign$ to prison1 :5ce ! v next day he manag$ to escape1 & fl$ to ,alex&ria4 ,!re he aga9 rais$ ano!r timely loan1 & ?us at la/ succe$$ 9 gett+ to ,rome4 ,agrippa atta*$ himself to ,caligula1 ! heir ( ! empire1 & aft] v>i\s *ances 0 appo9t$ by him ,k+ ( ,tra*onitis1 a dom9ion :i* ,caligula & subsequ5tly ,claudius enl>g$ by degrees1 till 9 ! ye> #da he 0 inve/$ ) ! k+dom ( ! :ole ( ,pale/9e1 includ+ ,galilee1 ,sam>ia1 & ,juda1 ( :i* ,agrippa proce$$ to take =mal possession ab\t twelve mon?s be=e ! ev5ts record$ 9 ! twelf? *apt] ( ,acts4#id #ic ,! ,h]odian family =m a notable in/ance ( ! mod]n doctr9e ( h]$ity1 :i* yet is only ! anci5t pr9ciple ( ,div9e action ann\nc$ long ago 9 ! ,second ,comm&m5t1 ,visit+ ! s9s ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 unto ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation4 ,! moral ta9ts :i* we behold 9 ,esau1 passion1 self-indulg5ce qu5*+ all =e?\ght1 o/5tation jo9$ ) magnific5t g5]osity1 display$ !mselves 9 ,h]od ! ,great4 ,9 him !y 7 jo9$ ) absolute p[]1 & !y produc$ _! natural results4 ,!y made 8 he>t1 8 life1 8 home a h[l+ wild]ness1 & h&$ d[n to 8 desc5dants a legacy ( wick$ness :i* ceas$ n to be> fruit s long z 8 "n surviv$4 ,h]od's family cruelties 7 s celebrat$ t we are told by a pagan writ]1 nam$ ,macrobius1 t :5 ! ,emp]or ,augu/us he>d ( ! slaught] ( ! innoc5ts ( ,be?lehem1 ?9k+ !y 7 ,h]od's *ildr51 he jok+ly said1 ,x 7 bett] to be ,h]od's pigs ?an ,h]od's *ildr54 #id ,see ,lew9's ,fa/i ,sacri1 ,a4,d4 #da1 p4 #bga1 = ! au?orities on ! subject ( ,h]od's c>e]4 ,h]od's c>e] _h be5 m>k$ by v>i\s *anges1 b 9 "o respect he _h be5 consi/5t4 ,he 0 ev] a ?or\gh ,jew1 & a vigor\s & useful fri5d to 8 fell[-c\ntrym54 ,we h already notic$ t 8 influ5ce _h be5 us$ ) ,caligula to induce ! ,emp]or to =go 8 mad project ( erect+ 8 /atue 9 ! ,holy ( ,holies at ,j]usalem4#ie ,h]od _h1 h[ev]1 "o great drawback 9 ! eyes ( ! prie/ly faction at ,j]usalem4 ,all ! desc5dants ( ,h]od ! ,great 7 ta9t$ by _! ,edomite blood1 :i* !y inh]it$ ?r\gh him4 ,_! k9d (fices & support 7 accept$ inde$1 b only grudg+ly4 ,h]od felt ?is1 & x 0 q natural !re=e = ! newly appo9t$ k+ to /rive to ga9 all ! popul>ity he c\ld ) ! dom9ant p>ty at ,j]usalem by p]secut+ ! new sect :i* 0 giv+ !m s mu* tr\ble4 ,no incid5t c\ld possibly h be5 m natural1 m consi/5t ) ! facts ( hi/ory1 z well z ) ! kn[n dispositions & t5d5cies ( human nature1 ?an t record$ 9 ^! words--,n[ ab\t t "t ,h]od ! k+ put =? 8 h&s to afflict c]ta9 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,& he kill$ ,james ! bro!r ( ,john ) ! sword4 ,h]od's act 0 a v politic "o f a worldly po9t ( view4 ,x 0 a h>d dose en\gh = ! ,jewi% p to swall[1 to f9d a k+ impos$ ^u !m by an idolatr\s ,g5tile p[]2 b x 0 "s alleviation ( _! lot t ! k+ 0 a ,jew1 & a ,jew s devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! rul+ hi]>*y t he 0 will+ to use 8 secul> p[] to cru% ! tr\blesome ,naz>5e sect ^: doctr9e ?reat5$ = ev] to de/roy all hopes ( a temporal re/oration = ,israel4 ,su* be+ ! hi/orical sett+ ( ! picture pres5t$ to u1 let u apply ourselves to ! spiritual application & lessons ( ?is incid5t 9 apo/olic hi/ory4 ,we h "h a m>tyrdom1 a deliv]ance1 & a ,div9e judgm5t1 :i* w all repay c>eful /udy4 #ie ,see p4 #ie above4 ,i4 ,a m>tyrdom is "h br\ght "u our notice1 & t ! fir/ m>tyrdom among ! apo/les4 ,/eph5's 0 ! fir/ ,*ri/ian m>tyrdom1 b t ( ,james 0 ! fir/ apo/olic m>tyrdom4 ,:5 ,h]od1 foll[+ 8 gr&fa!r's foot/eps1 w\ld afflict ! ,*ur*1 he kill$ ,james ! bro!r ( ,john ) ! sword4 ,we mu/ c>efully di/+ui% betwe5 two m>tyrs ( ! same "n :o h bo? f\nd a place 9 ! commemorations ( ,*ri/ian hope & love4 ,may-day is ! fea/ devot$ to ! memory ( ,/4 ,philip & ,/4 ,james1 ,july #be? is ! anniv]s>y consecrat$ to ! memorial ( ,/4 ,james ! ,apo/le1 ^: dea? is record$ 9 ! passage n[ "u consid]ation4 ,! latt] 0 ! bro!r ( ,john & son ( ,zeb$ee2 ! =m] 0 ! bro!r or c\s9 accord+ to ! fle% ( our ,"l4 ,/4 ,james ! ,apo/le p]i%$ e>ly 9 ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory4 ,/4 ,james ! ,j fl\ri%$ = m ?an ?irty ye>s aft] ! ,resurrection4 ,he liv$ inde$ to a comp>atively advanc$ p]iod ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory1 z is manife/ f a /udy ( ! ,epi/le :i* he wrote to ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians ( ! ,disp]sion4 ,he !re rebukes %ortcom+s & faults1 respect = ! ri* & contempt ( ! poor1 oppression & outrage & irrev]5ce1 :i* c\ld nev] h f\nd place 9 t fir/ bur/ ( love & devotion to ,god :i* ! age ( our ,h]odian m>tyr witness$1 b mu/ h be5 ! outcome ( long ye>s ( worldly prosp]ity & ease4 ,james ! ,j1 ! /]n c5sor ( ,*ri/ian morals & cu/oms1 ^: language inde$ 9 its sev]ity has at times caus$ "o-sid$ & n>r[ ,*ri/ians mu* tr\ble1 mu/ (t5 h look$ back ) regret & long+ to ! pur] days ( *>ity & devotion :5 ,james ! bro!r ( ,john p]i%$ by ! sword ( ,h]od4 ,aga91 we notice ab\t ?is m>tyr$ apo/le t1 ?\gh !re is v little told u conc]n+ 8 life & actions1 he mu/ h be5 a v rem>kable man4 ,he 0 cle>ly rem>kable = 8 ,*ri/ian privileges4 ,he 0 "o ( ! apo/les specially fav\r$ by our ,"l4 ,he 0 admitt$ by ,him into ! close/ spiritual conv]se4 ,?us we f9d t1 ) ,pet] & ,john1 ,james ! ,apo/le 0 "o ( ! ?ree select$ by our ,"l to behold ! fir/ manife/ation ( ,8 p[] ov] ! realms ( ! dead :5 ,he re/or$ ! daught] ( ,jairus to life2 ) ! same two1 ,pet] & ,john1 he 0 privileg$ to behold our ,savi\r receive ! fir/ =eta/e ( ,8 heav5ly glory ^u ! ,m\nt ( ,transfiguration2 & ) !m too he 0 p]mitt$ to behold 8 great ,ma/] dr9k ! fir/ draught ( ! cup ( agony 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ge?semane4 ,james ! ,apo/le _h ?us ! fir/ necess>y qualification = an em95t work] 9 ! ,"l's v9ey>d4 ,he _h be5 admitt$ into ,*ri/'s mo/ intimate fri5d%ip1 he knew mu* ( 8 ,"l's w & m9d4 ,& ! privileges ?us conf]r$ ^u ,/4 ,james _h n be5 misus$ or neglect$4 ,he did n hide 8 tal5t 9 ! du/ ( idl5ess1 nor wrap x r\nd ) ! mantle ( slo?4 ,he utilis$ 8 advantages4 ,he became a =emo/1 if n inde$ ! =emo/ work] = 8 lov$ ,"l 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 z is intimat$ by ! op5+ words ( ?is passage1 :i* tells u t :5 ,h]od wi%$ to h>ass & vex ! ,*ur* he select$ ,james ! bro!r ( ,john z 8 victim2 & we may be sure t ) ! ke5 in/9ct ( a p]secutor ,h]od select$ n ! lea/ prom95t & useful1 b ! mo/ devot$ & en]getic *ampion ( ,*ri/ to satisfy 8 cruel purpose4 ,& yet1 ?\gh ,james 0 ?us privileg$ & ?us fai?ful & ?us hon\r$ by ,god1 8 active c>e] is %r\d$ ?ick r\nd ) cl\ds & d>kness4 ,we "k no?+ ( ! good works & brave de$s & p[]ful s]mons he devot$ to 8 ,ma/]'s cause4 ,we are told simply ( ! dea? by :i* he glorifi$ ,god4 ,all else is hidd5 ) ,god till t day :5 ! secret ?\ghts & de$s ( e man %all be reveal$4 ,?is incid5t 9 e>ly ,apo/olic ,*ur* hi/ory is a v typical "o1 & tea*es _m a lesson v necess>y = ^! times & = all times4 ,if an apo/le s privileg$ & s fai?ful 0 cont5t to d 8 "w1 & !n to pass away )\t a s+le l9e ( memorial1 a s+le ^w to keep 8 "n or 8 lab\rs fre% among m51 h[ mu* m may we1 petty1 fai?less1 trifl+ z we are1 be cont5t$ to d our duty1 & to pass away )\t any public recognition6 ,& yet h[ we all d crave aft] su* recognition6 ,h[ int5sely we long = human praise & approval6 ,h[ useless we e/eem our lab\rs unless !y are foll[$ by x6 ,h[ incl9$ we are to make ! fallible judgm5t ( man ! /&>d by :i* we measure our actions1 in/ead ( hav+ ! m9d's eye ev] /eadily fix$ z ,james ! bro!r ( ,john _h on ,8 approval alone :o1 n[ see+ our secret trials1 /ruggles1 ef=ts1 w "o day rew>d ,8 fai?ful foll[]s op5ly6 ,?is is "o great lesson :i* ?is typical passage by its sil5ce z well z by its spee* cle>ly tea*es ! ,*ur* ( e age4#if #if ,! tradition ( ! second c5tury has only "o /ory to tell ab\t ?is m>tyrdom4 ,we f9d x 9 ,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e41 ii41 #i1 :]e we read3 ,conc]n+ ?is ,james ,clem5t h&s d[n a /ory wor?y ( remembrance 9 ! sev5? book ( 8 ,hypotyposes 7or ,outl9es7 deliv]+ x f ! traditions ( 8 pr$ecessors1 t ! mess5g] :o l$ him to ! judgm5t-seat1 behold+ 8 witness1 0 mov$ to confess himself a ,*ri/ian4 ,bo? 7 !re=e l$ away1 says he1 & on ! road 7to execution7 he ask$ =giv5ess f ,james4 ,& he1 hav+ consid]$ = a little1 said1 ,peace be to !e1 & he kiss$ him t5d]ly4 ,& ?us bo? 7 behead$ toge!r4 ,aga91 ?is m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,james proclaims yet ano!r lesson4 ,god h]eby w>ns ! ,*ur* aga9/ ! idolatry ( human ag5ts1 aga9/ va9 tru/ 9 human support4 ,let u consid] ! circum/ances ( ! ,*ur* at t "t4 ,! ,*ur* _h j pass$ ?r\gh a season ( viol5t p]secution1 & _h lo/ "o ( its brave/ & =emo/ soldi]s 9 ! p]son ( ,/eph51 ! m>tyr$ deacon4 ,& n[ !re 0 imp5d+ ov] ! ,*ur* :at is (t5 m try+ f> ?an a "t %ort & %>p ( viol5ce & blood1--a p]iod ( temporal di/ress & suff]+1 try+ ! pr9ciples & te/+ ! endurance ( ! weak] bre?r5 9 a ?\s& petty trifles4 ,x 0 a "t :5 ! c\rage1 ! wisdom1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! tri$ & tru/$ lead]s w\ld be specially requir$ to guide ! ,*ur* amid ! _m new problems :i* day by day 7 cropp+ up4 ,& yet x 0 j !n1 at su* a crisis1 t ! ,"l p]mits ! bloody sword ( ,h]od to be /ret*$ =?1 & removes "o ( ! v *iefe/ *ampions ( ! ,*ri/ian ho/ j :5 8 pres5ce seem$ mo/ necess>y4 ,x mu/ h appe>$ a d>k & try+ disp5sation to ! ,*ur* ( t day2 b ?\gh att5d$ d\btless ) "s pres5t drawbacks & app>5t disadvantages1 x 0 well & wisely done to w>n ! ,*ur* ( e age aga9/ m]e human dep5d5ce1 m]e temporal refuges2 tea*+ by a typical example t x is n by human might or e>?ly wisdom1 n by ! eloqu5ce ( man or ! devices ( e>? t ,*ri/'s ,*ur* & p mu/ be sav$2 t x is by ,8 own "r h&1 & by ,8 own holy arm alone our ,god w get ,himself ! victory4 ,yet aga9 we may le>n f ?is incid5t ano!r lesson ri* lad5 ) com=t & in/ruction4 ,?is m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,james ?r[s u back ^u a circum/ance :i* occurr$ dur+ our ,"l's la/ j\rney to ,j]usalem be=e ,8 crucifixion1 & int]prets x = u4 ,let u recall x4 ,our ,"l 0 go+ up to ,j]usalem1 & ,8 disciples 7 foll[+ ,him ) wond]+ awe4 ,! %ad[ ( ! ,cross project+ itself =w>d made itself unconsci\sly felt ?r\gh\t ! little company1 & m5 7 a/oni%$1 ?\gh !y knew n :y4 ,!y simply felt1 z m5 d on a close sultry summ]'s day :5 a ?und]/orm is ov]head1 t some?+ awful 0 imp5d+4 ,!y _h1 h[ev]1 a vague feel+ t ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld %ortly appe>1 & s ! "m ( ,zeb$ee's *ildr51 ) all t boldness :i* affection l5ds to fem99e m9ds1 drew ne> & /rove to secure a boon be=e all o!rs = h] own *ildr54 ,%e pray$ t to h] two sons might be grant$ ! po/s ( hon\r 9 ! temporal k+dom %e ?\ght ( z n[ draw+ s v ne>4 ,! ,"l repli$ to h] reque/ 9 v deep & f>-rea*+ language1 ! mean+ ( :i* %e !n und]/ood n1 b le>n$ aft]w>ds ?r\gh ! discipl9e ( pa9 & sorr[ & dea?3 ,ye "k n :at ye ask4 ,are ye able to dr9k ! cup t ,i am ab\t to dr9k8 ,& !n1 :5 ,james & ,john _h pr(ess$ _! ability1 he pr$icts _! future fate3 ,my cup inde$ ye %all dr9k4 ,! "m & ! sons alike spoke bold words1 & (f]$ a s9c]e b an ignorant pray]4 ,little inde$ did ! "m dream z %e pres5t$ h] petition--,comm& t ^! my two sons may sit1 "o on ,?y "r h&1 & "o on ,?y left h& 9 ,?y k+dom--h[ t pray] w\ld be answ]$1 & yet answ]$ x 04 ,to ! "o son1 ,james1 0 grant$ ! "o po/ ( hon\r4 ,he 0 made to sit on ! ,ma/]'s "r h&1 = he 0 ! fir/ ( ! apo/les call$ to ent] into ,p>adise ?r\gh a baptism ( blood4 ,:ile to ! o!r son1 ,/4 ,john1 0 grant$ ! o!r po/ ( hon\r1 = he 0 left ! longe/ ^u e>? to guide1 direct1 & su/a9 ! ,*ur* by 8 inspir$ wisdom1 l>ge exp]i5ce1 & apo/olic au?ority4#ig ,! contra/ betwe5 ! pray] (f]$ up to ,*ri/ 9 ignorance & %ortsight$ness & ! mann] 9 :i* ! same pray] 0 answ]$ 9 ri*e/ abundance sugge/s to u ! com=t+ reflection t no pray] (f]$ up 9 s9c]ity & tru? is ev] really left unansw]$4 ,we may inde$ nev] see h[ ! pray] is answ]$4 ,! "m ( ,/4 ,james may little h dreamt z %e beheld h] son's lifeless body br\ght home to h] t ?is try+ disp5sation 0 a real answ] to h] ambiti\s petition4 ,b we c n[ see t x 0 s1 & c ?us le>n a lesson ( g5u9e confid5ce1 ( holy boldness1 ( /rong fai? 9 ! p[] ( s9c]e & lov+ communion ) ,god4 ,let u only take c>e to cultivate ! same _s ( g5u9e humility & pr(\nd submission :i* possess$ ! s\ls ( ^? primitive ,*ri/ians enabl+ !m to say1 no matt] h[ _! petitions 7 answ]$1 :e!r 9 joy or sorr[1 9 smiles or te>s1 9 ri*es or pov]ty1 ,n my w1 b ?9e1 ,o ,"l1 be done4 #ig ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 9 8 celebrat$ essay on ! ,*ri/ian ,m9i/ry1 ,philippians1 pp4 #bjj-bje1 #bnd edition1 reg>ds ,episcopacy z ! "w ( ,/4 ,john4 ,by :om 0 ! new con/itution organis$8 ,to ?is "q only "o answ] c be giv54 ,?is great "w mu/ be ascrib$ to ! surviv+ apo/les4 ,/4 ,john especially1 :o built up ! speculative !ology ( ! ,*ur*1 0 ma9ly in/rum5tal 9 complet+ its ext]nal con/itution also1 = ,asia ,m9or 0 ! c5tre f :i* ! new movem5t spread4 ,^! words occur 9 8 analysis ( ,ro!'s views1 ) :i* ,dr4 ,lightfoot sub/antially agrees4 ,,ii4 ,we h aga9 9 ?is twelf? *apt] ! record ( a ,div9e deliv]ance4 ,h]od1 see+ t ! ,jewi% au?orities 7 pleas$ because !y _h n[ a sympa!tic rul] :o und]/ood _! religi\s tr\bles & 0 resolv$ to help 9 quell+ !m1 det]m9$ to proce$ f>!r 9 ! "w ( repression4 ,he arre/$ ano!r prom95t lead]1 ,/4 ,pet]1 & ca/ him into prison4 ,! details are giv5 to u ( ,h]od's action & ,pet]'s arre/4 ,pet] 0 n[ mak+ 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) ,roman me?ods ( puni%m5t4 ,he _h be5 inde$ previ\sly arre/$ & imprison$1 b 8 arre/ _h be5 c>ri$ out by ! ,jewi% au?orities1 & he _h be5 consign$ to ! c>e ( ! ,temple police1 & _h occupi$ ! ,temple prison4 ,b ,h]od1 ?\gh a /rict ,jew 9 religion1 _h be5 ?or\ghly ,romanis$ 9 matt]s ( rule & gov]nm5t1 & !re=e he treat$ ,/4 ,pet] aft] ! ,roman fa%ion3 ,:5 he _h tak5 him1 he put him 9 prison1 & deliv]$ him to f\r qu>t]nions ( soldi]s to gu>d him2 int5d+ aft] ! ,passov] to br+ him =? to ! p4 ,he 0 deliv]$ to sixte5 m51 :o divid$ ! night into f\r wat*es1 f\r m5 wat*+ at a "t1 aft] ! ,roman me?od ( discipl9e4#ih ,& !n1 9 contra/ to all ?is prep>ation1 we are told h[ ! ,*ur* betook h]self to h] sure refuge & /rong t[] ( def5ce3 ,pet] !re=e 0 kept 9 prison2 b pray] 0 made e>ne/ly ( ! ,*ur* unto ,god = him4 ,^! e>ly ,*ri/ians _h n _h _! fai? limit$ or weak5$ by discussions :e!r petition = temporal bless+s 7 a prop] subject ( pray]1 or :e!r spiritual bless+s did n alone supply true matt] = supplication be=e ! ,div9e ?rone4 ,!y 7 9 ! fir/ f]v\r ( ,*ri/ian love1 & !y did n !orise1 def9e1 or debate ab\t pray] & its efficacy4 ,!y only knew t _! ,ma/] _h told !m to pray1 & _h promis$ to answ] s9c]e pray]1 z ,he alone knew h[2 & s !y ga!r$ !mselves 9 in/ant ceaseless pray] at ! foot ( ! ?rone ( grace4 ,i say ceaseless pray] because x seems t ! ,j]usalem ,*ur*1 feel+ its dang]1 organis$ a cont9u\s s]vice ( pray]4 ,pray] 0 made e>ne/ly ( ! ,*ur* unto ,god = him is ! /atem5t ( ! fif? v]se1 & !n :5 ,/4 ,pet] 0 releas$ he came to ! h\se ( ,m>y1 :]e _m 7 ga!r$ toge!r & 7 pray+1 ?\gh ! night mu/ h be5 f> advanc$4 ,! crisis 0 a t]rible "o2 ! =emo/ *ampion1 ,/4 ,james1 _h be5 tak51 & n[ ano!r great lead] 0 ?reat5$1 & !re=e ! ,*ur* flung h]self at ! feet ( ! ,ma/] seek+ deliv]ance1 & 0 n disappo9t$1 z ! ,*ur* has nev] s9ce be5 disappo9t$ :5 %e has ca/ h]self 9 l[l9ess & pr(\nd submission be=e ! same holy sanctu>y4#ii ,! n>rative !n proce$s to give u ! p>ticul>s ( ,/4 ,pet]'s deliv]ance1 z ,/4 ,pet] himself seems to h told x to ,/4 ,luke1 = we h details giv5 u :i* c\ld only h come ei!r directly or indirectly f ! p]son mo/ imm$iately conc]n$4 ,b ( ^! we %all treat 9 a little4 ,! /ory n[ introduces ! sup]natural1 & = ! believ] ?is is q 9 keep+ ) ! facts ( ! case4 ,a great crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* has arriv$4 ,! "m ,*ur* ( all ,*ri/5dom1 ! f\nta9 & s\rce ( orig9al ,*ri/ianity1 is ?reat5$ ) ext9ction4 ,! life ( ! greate/ exi/+ lead] ( t ,*ur* is at /ake1 & t be=e 8 "w is done4 ,! v exi/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian revelation seems imp]ill$1 & ,god s5ds =? an angel1 a heav5ly mess5g]1 to rescue ,8 endang]$ s]vant1 & to prove to unbeliev+ ,jew1 to ! haughty ,h]od1 & to ! fright5$ b pray+ disciples alike ! c>e :i* ,he ev] ex]cises ov] ,8 ,*ur* & p4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 a "q may be rais$4 ,h[ 0 x t an angel1 a sup]natural mess5g]1 0 despat*$ to ! special rescue ( ,/4 ,pet]8 ,:y 0 n ! same assi/ance v\*saf$ to ,/4 ,james :o _h j be5 put to dea?8 ,:y 0 n ! same assi/ance v\*saf$ to ,/4 ,pet] himself :5 he 0 m>tyr$ at ,rome1 or to ,/4 ,paul :5 he lay 9 ! dungeon 9 ! same city ( ,rome or at ,cs>ea8 ,simply1 we reply1 because ,god's h\r 0 n yet come & ! ,apo/le's "w 0 n yet done4 ,/4 ,james's "w 0 done1 & !re=e ! ,"l did n imm$iately int]f]e1 or r ,he summon$ ,8 s]vant to ,8 assign$ po/ ( hon\r by ! m9i/ry ( ,h]od4 ,! wra? ( man became ! in/rum5t :]eby ! praises ( ,god 7 *ant$ & ! s\l ( ! righte\s convey$ to its appo9t$ place4 ,! ,"l did n int]f]e :5 ,/4 ,paul 0 ca/ into ! prison h\se at ,cs>ea1 or ,/4 ,pet] inc>c]at$ 9 ! ,roman dungeon1 because !y _h !n a great "w to d 9 %[+ h[ ,8 s]vants c suff] z well z "w4 ,b n[ ,/4 ,pet] _h _m a long ye> ( active lab\r be=e him & mu* "w to d z ! ,apo/le ( ! ,circumcision 9 prev5t+ t s*ism ) :i* ! div]se p>ties & oppos+ ideas ( ,jew & ,g5tile ?reat5$ ! infant ,*ur*1 9 smoo?+ ov] & reconcil+ ! manifold oppositions1 jeal\sies1 difficulties1 misund]/&+s1 :i* ev] att5d su* a season ( transition & trans=mation z n[ 0 fa/ dawn+ ^u ! ,div9e society4 ,! arre/ ( ,/4 ,pet] & 8 ?reat5$ dea? 0 a great crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,pet]'s life 0 v preci\s to ! exi/5ce ( t ,*ur*1 x 0 v preci\s = ! welf>e ( mank9d at l>ge1 & s x 0 a fitt+ "t = ,god to raise up a bann] aga9/ triumphant pride & worldly =ce by ! h& ( a sup]natural mess5g]4 #ih ,^! elaborate precautions 7 d\btless tak5 on acc\nt ( 8 escape on ! previ\s occasion1 :5 ! ,sanh$r9 _h arre/$ him1 z n>rat$ 9 ! n9ete5? v]se ( ! fif? *apt]4 #ii ,9 ! fif? c5tury an ord] ( monks 0 e/abli%$ at ,con/ant9ople :o practis$ ?is ceaseless wor%ip4 ,!y 7 call$ ,acoimet1 or ! ,wat*]s4 ,!y are describ$ at l5g? 9 ,b+ham's ,antiquities1 ,book ,,vii41 *4 ii41 sect4 #aj1 & 9 ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiqq41 vol4 i41 p4 #ac4 ,a simil> attempt 0 made 9 ! reigns ( ,james ,i4 & ,*>les ,i4 by ! well-kn[n ,ni*olas ,f]r> 9 a mona/ic in/itution :i* he plann$ 9 connection ) ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&3 see ! article 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,national ,biography ^u 8 "n4 ,! /eps by :i* ,/4 ,pet] 0 deliv]$ are all ( !m full ( edification & com=t4 ,let u m>k !m4 ,:5 ,h]od 0 ab\t to br+ him =?1 ! same night ,pet] 0 sleep+ betwe5 two soldi]s1 b\nd ) two *a9s3 & gu>ds be=e ! door kept ! prison4 ,x 0 on t fateful night ! same z :5 ! angels desc5d$ on ! ,resurrection morn+3 ! gu>ds 7 9 _! rightful place & dis*>g+ _! accu/om$ duties1 b :5 ,god int]v5es !n human precautions are all useless4 ,! words ( ! n>rative are /rik+ 9 _! quiet dignity4 ,!re is no work+ up ( details4 ,!re is no p&]+ to m]e human curiosity4 ,ev]y?+ is 9 keep+ ) ! su/a9$ =ce1 sublimity1 elevation :i* we ev] behold 9 ! ,div9e action4 ,pet] 0 sleep+ betwe5 two soldi]s2 "o *a9$ to ea* arm1 s t he c\ld n move )\t awak+ !m4 ,he 0 sleep+ pr(\ndly & calmly1 because he felt himself 9 ! h&s ( an ,almighty ,fa!r :o w ord] ev]y?+ = ! be/4 ,! int]ior re/ amid ! greate/ trials :i* an assur$ confid5ce l t enjoy$ by ,/4 ,pet] c conf] is some?+ m>vell\s1 & has n be5 conf9$ to apo/olic times4 ,our ,"l's s]vants h 9 e age prov$ ! same wondr\s p[]4 ,i "k ( c\rse t crim9als are (t5 said to enjoy a pr(\nd sleep ! night be=e _! execution4 ,b !n habitual crim9als & h>d5$ murd]]s h _! spiritual natures s completely ov]ma/]$ & dom9at$ by _! l[] mat]ial p[]s t !y realise no?+ beyond ! pres5t4 ,!y are little bett] ?an ! bea/s :i* p]i%1 & ?9k z little ( ! future z !y d4 ,b p]sons ) highly /rung n]v\s p[]s1 :o realise ! awful *ange imp5d+ ov] !m1 _c be z !y1 specially if !y h no su* sure hope z t :i* su/a9$ ,/4 ,pet]4 ,he slept calmly "h z ,paul & ,silas rejoic$ 9 ! ,philippian prison h\se1 z ! ,ma/] ,himself slept calmly 9 ! /]n ( ! wave-rock$ boat on ! ,galilean lake1 because he knew himself to be repos+ 9 ! arms ( ,ev]la/+ ,love1 & ?is k be/[$ ^u him a sweet & calm repose at ! mom5t ( supreme dang] ( :i* ! fev]$ *ildr5 ( "t "k no?+4 ,& n[ all ! circum/ances ( ! cele/ial visit are f\nd to be mo/ suitable & becom+4 ,! angel /ood by ,pet]4 ,a light %9$ 9 ! cell1 because light is ! v elem5t 9 :i* ^! heav5ly be+s sp5d _! exi/5ce4 ,! *a9s :i* b9d ,/4 ,pet] fell (f )\t any ef=t human or angelic1 j z 9 a few mom5ts ! great gate ( ! prison op5$ ( its own accord1 because all ^! ?+s1 bonds & bolts & b>s1 d]ive all _! co]cive p[] f ! w ( ,god1 & :5 t w *anges or is )drawn !y cease to be op]ative1 or become ! in/rum5ts ( ! v opposite purpose1 assi/+ & n h9d]+ ,8 s]vants4 ,!n ! angel's actions & directions are *>act]i/ic 9 _! dignifi$ vig\r4 ,he told ! awak5$ sleep] to act promptly3 ,he smote him on ! side1 & awoke him1 say+1 ,rise up quickly4 ,b !re is no undue ha/e4 ,z on ! ,resurrection morn+ ! napk9 t 0 ^u ,*ri/'s head 0 f\nd n ly+ ) ! re/ ( ! grave-clo?s1 b roll$ up 9 a place by itself1 s too on ?is occasion ! angel %[s m9ute c>e = ,pet]'s p]sonal appe>ance4 ,!re mu/ be no?+ undignifi$1 c>eless1 untidy ev51 ab\t ! dress ( ! rescu$ apo/le3 ,gird ?yself1 & b9d on ?y s&als4 ,/4 ,pet] _h naturally laid aside 8 ext]nal g>m5ts1 _h unloos$ 8 inn] robes1 & tak5 (f 8 s&als :5 prep>+ = sleep4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 escapes ! heav5ly mess5g]1 & s he says1 ,ca/ ?y g>m5t ab\t !e1 & foll[ me1 ref]r+ to ! loose upp] robe or ov]coat :i* ! ,jews wore ov] _! und]clo!s2 & !n ! angel l$ him =?1 tea*+ ! ,*ur* ! p]petual lesson t ext]nal dignity ( appe>ance is ev]more becom+ to ,god's p1 :5 n ev5 an angel consid]$ ^! ?+s b5ea? 8 notice amid all ! excitem5t ( a midnight rescue1 nor did ! inspir$ writ] omit to record su* app>5tly petty details4 ,no?+ ab\t ,/4 ,pet] 0 too trivial = ! angel's notice & direction1 z aga9 no?+ 9 life is too trivial = ! sanctify+ & elevat+ c>e ( our holy religion4 ,dress1 food1 education1 m>riage1 amusem5ts1 all ( life's "w & ( life's int]e/s1 are ! subject-matt] :]eon ! pr9ciples inculcat$ by ,jesus ,*ri/ & taught by ! m9i/ry ( ,8 ,*ur* are to f9d _! due scope & ex]cise4#ajj #ajj ,! e>ly ,*ur* has left u a treatise %[+ h[ ?or\ghly x recognis$ its duty 9 ?is respect4 ,! ,pdagogue or ! ,in/ructor ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria is a h&book ( ! social life ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 tea*+ !m :at to d & we> & say "u e conceivable circum/ance4 ,clem5t ?9ks no?+ too trivial = ! rule ( ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 prescrib+ ! k9d ( clo!s1 %oes1 & b$s :i* %\ld be us$4 ,he may seem at times to bord] on ! ludicr\s 9 8 m9ut5ess2 b !n we _c realise h[ pr(\ndly paganism _h corrupt$ human life & mann]s4 ,?us 9 ,book ,,iii41 *4 xi41 he treats ( ! managem5t ( ! hair by m54 ,paganism _h introduc$ _m s5sual practices 9 ?is direction4 ,clem5t lays d[n3 ,let ! head ( m5 be %av51 unless x has curly hair4 ,b let ! *9 h ! hair4 ,b let n twi/$ locks hang f> d[n f ! head glid+ into womani% r+lets4444 ,s9ce cropp+ is to be adopt$1 n on acc\nt ( elegance1 b = ! necessity ( ! case2 ! hair ( ! head1 t x may n gr[ s long z to come d[n & int]f]e ) ! eyes1 & t ( ! m\/a*e simil>ly :i* is dirti$ 9 eat+1 is to be cut r\nd1 n by a razor1 = t 7 unbecom+1 b by a pair ( cropp+ scissors4 ,b ! hair on ! *9 is n to be di/urb$1 z x gives no tr\ble1 & l5ds to ! face dignity & pat]nal t]ror4 ,?is treatise ( a v e>ly ,*ri/ian writ] c be easily consult$ 9 ,cl>k's ,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y4 ,pet]'s deliv]ance 0 n[ complete4 ,! angel conduct$ him ?r\gh "o /reet to assure him t he 0 really free & secure him f bewild]m5t1 & !n dep>t$4 ,! ,apo/le !reupon s\ght out ! well-kn[n c5tre ( ,*ri/ian wor%ip1 ! h\se ( ,m>y ! "m ( ,john1 ^: surname 0 ,m>k1 :]e /ood ! upp] *amb]1 hon\r$ z no o!r upp] *amb] _h ev] be54 ,!re he made kn[n 8 escape1 & !n retir$ to "s secret place :]e ,h]od c\ld n f9d him1 rema9+ !re conceal$ till ,h]od 0 dead & direct ,roman law & au?ority 7 once m 9 op]ation at ,j]usalem4#aja ,!re are two or ?ree details 9 ?is n>rative t are des]v+ ( special notice1 z %[+ t ,/4 ,luke receiv$ ! /ory mo/ probably f ,/4 ,pet] himself4 ,^! t\*es are expressions ( ,/4 ,pet]'s inn] ?\ghts1 :i* c\ld h be5 kn[n only to ,/4 ,pet]1 & mu/ h be5 d]iv$ f him4 ,?us we are told ab\t 8 /ate ( m9d :5 ! angel appe>$3 ,he wi/ n t x 0 true :i* 0 done by ! angel1 b ?\ght he saw a vision4 ,aga91 aft] 8 deliv]ance1 we are told ( ! ?\ghts :i* pass$ ?r\gh 8 m9d1 ! words :i* rose to 8 lips :5 he f\nd himself once aga9 a free man3 ,:5 ,pet] 0 come to himself1 he said1 ,n[ ,i "k ( a tru? t ! ,"l ha? s5t =? ,8 angel1 & deliv]$ me out ( ! h& ( ,h]od1 & f all ! expectation ( ! p ( ! ,jews4 ,:ile1 aga91 h[ true to life & to ! female nature is ! incid5t ( ! damsel ,rhoda6 ,%e came across ! c\rty>d to he>k5 & see :o 0 knock+ at ! out] gate at t late h\r3 ,:5 %e knew ,pet]'s voice1 %e op5$ n ! gate = joy1 b ran 9 & told t ,pet] /ood be=e ! gate4 ,we behold ! impulsiv5ess ( ! maid4 ,%e q =got ! ,apo/le's knock+ at ! gate 9 h] eag] desire to convey ! news to 8 fri5ds4 ,&1 aga91 h[ true to nature _! scepticism6 ,!y 7 ga!r$ pray+ = ,pet]'s release1 b s little did !y expect an answ] to _! pray]s t1 :5 ! answ] does come1 & 9 ! precise way t !y 7 ask+ = x & long+ = x1 !y are a/oni%$1 & tell ! maid-s]vant :o bore ! tid+s1 ,?\ art mad4 ,we pray z ! primitive ,*ur* did1 & t con/antly2 b is x n ) u z ) !m8 ,we pray inde$1 b we d n expect our pray]s to be answ]$1 & !re=e we d n pr(it by !m z we might4 #aja ,!re is an anci5t tradition t our ,"l bade ! apo/les rema9 twelve ye>s 9 ,j]usalem be=e !y disp]s$ to prea* ! gospel all ! _w ov] 7,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e41 ,v41 xviii474 ,"s ?9k t ! fam9e & p]secution :i* n[ happ5$ may h be5 ! occasion ( _! disp]sion4 ,su* 7 ! circum/ances ( ,/4 ,pet]'s deliv]ance1 :i* 0 a critical "o = ! ,*ur*4 ,x /ruck a bl[ at ,h]od's new policy ( p]secution unto dea?2 x may h induc$ him to dep>t f ,j]usalem & desc5d to ,cs>ea1 :]e he met 8 end1 leav+ ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem 9 peace2 & ! deliv]ance mu/ h ?r[n a c]ta9 m>vell\s halo r\nd ,/4 ,pet] :5 he appe>$ aga9 at ,j]usalem1 enabl+ him to occupy a m prom95t position )\t any fe> = 8 life4 ,,iii4 ,we h also record$ 9 ?is *apt] a notable defeat ( pride1 o/5tation1 & e>?ly p[]4 ,! circum/ances are well kn[n4 ,h]od1 vex$ p]haps by 8 disappo9tm5t 9 ! matt] ( ,pet]1 w5t d[n to ,cs>ea1 :i* 8 gr&fa!r _h magnific5tly adorn$4 ,b he _h o!r reasons too4 ,he _h a qu>rel ) ! m5 ( ,tyre & ,sidon1 & he w\ld take effective measures aga9/ !m4 ,tyre & ,sidon 7 great seaports & comm]cial t[ns1 b _! c\ntry did n produce food suffici5t = ! ma9t5ance ( its inhabitants1 j z ,engl&1 ! emporium ( ! _w's comm]ce1 is oblig$ to dep5d = its food supplies ^u o!r & di/ant l&s4#ajb ,! m5 ( ,tyre & ,sidon 7 n1 h[ev]1 unacqua9t$ ) ! ways ( ,ea/]n c\rts4 ,!y brib$ ! k+'s *amb]la91 & ,h]od 0 appeas$4 ,!re 0 ano!r motive :i* l$ ,h]od to ,cs>ea4 ,x 0 connect$ ) 8 ,roman exp]i5ce & ) 8 c\rti]-life4 ,! ,emp]or ,claudius ,cs> 0 8 fri5d & patron4 ,to him ,h]od ow$ 8 re/oration to ! ri* dom9ions ( 8 gr&fa!r4 ,t emp]or _h gone 9 ! previ\s ye>1 ,a4,d4 #dc1 to conqu] ,brita94 ,he sp5t six mon?s 9 our nor!rn regions 9 ,gaul & ,brita91 & !n1 :5 smitt5 by ! cold bla/s ( midw9t]1 he fl$ to ! s\? aga91 z s _m ( our own p d n[4 ,he arriv$ 9 ,rome 9 ! ,janu>y ( ! ye> #dd1 & imm$iately ord]$ public games to be celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( 8 safe return1 assum+ z a special "n ! title ,britannicus4 ,^! public %[s 7 imitat$ ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! empire z soon z ! news ( ! ,roman celebrations arriv$4 ,! tid+s w\ld take two or ?ree mon?s to arrive at ,pale/9e1 & ! ,passov] may h pass$ be=e ,h]od he>d ( 8 patron's do+s4 ,jewi% scruples w\ld n all[ him to celebrate games aft] ! ,roman fa%ion at ,j]usalem1 & = ?is purpose !re=e he desc5d$ to ! ,romanis$ city ( ,cs>ea1 :]e all ! appliances necess>y = t purpose 7 kept 9 read9ess4 ,!re is ?us a l9k :i* b9ds toge!r ! hi/ory ( our own nation & ?is int]e/+ incid5t 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,! games 7 duly celebrat$1 b !y 7 de/9$ to be ,h]od's la/ act4 ,on an appo9t$ day he sat 9 ! !atre ( ,cs>ea to receive ! ambassadors f ,tyre & ,sidon4 ,he pres5t$ himself e>ly 9 ! morn+ to ! sight ( ! multitude clad 9 a robe ( silv] :i* fla%$ 9 ! light reflect+ back ! rays ( ! e>ly sun & dazzl+ ! mix$ multitude--supple1 crafty ,syrians1 paganis$ ,sam>itans1 self-seek+ & worldly-wise ,phnicians4 ,he made a spee* 9 response to ! address ( ! envoys1 & !n ! flatt]+ %\t arose1 ,! voice ( a god1 & n ( a man4 ,:]eupon ! mess5g] ( ,god smote ,h]od ) t t]rible =m ( disease :i* accompanies unb\nd$ self-indulg5ce & luxury1 & ! pr\d tyrant le>n$ :at a play?+ ( "t1 :at a m]e creature ( a day is a k+ z mu* z a begg>1 z %[n by ! n>rative pres]v$ by ,josephus ( ?is ev5t4 ,he tells u t1 :5 seiz$ by ! mortal disease1 ,h]od look$ ^u 8 fri5ds1 & said1 ,i1 :om y call a god1 am comm&$ pres5tly to dep>t ?is life2 :ile ,provid5ce ?us reproves ! ly+ words y j n[ said to me2 & ,i1 :o 0 by y call$ immortal1 am imm$iately to be hurri$ away by dea?4#ajc ,:at a /rik+ picture ( life's *anges & *ances1 & ( ! poetic retributions we at times behold 9 ! c\rse ( ,god's ,provid5ce6 ,"o %ort *apt] ( ! ,acts %[s u ,h]od triumphant side by side ) ,h]od laid l[1 ,h]od smit+ apo/les ) ! sword side by side ) ,h]od himself smitt5 to dea? by ! ,div9e sword4 ,a mon?'s "t may h cov]$ all ! incid5ts n>rat$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,b1 %ort z ! p]iod 01 x mu/ h be5 ri* 9 support & consolation to ! apo/les ,saul & ,b>nabas1 :o 7 d\btless deeply int]e/$ spectators ( ! rapidly %ift+ sc5e1 tell+ !m cle>ly ( ! heav5ly wat* ex]cis$ ov] ! ,*ur*4 ,!y _h come up f ,antio*1 br++ alms to r5d] aid to _! afflict$ bre?r5 9 ,*ri/4 ,! fam9e1 z we h j n[ se5 f ! anxiety ( ! m5 ( ,tyre & ,sidon to be on fri5dly t]ms ) ,h]od1 0 rapidly mak+ itself felt ?r\gh\t ,pale/9e & ! adjac5t l&s1 & s ! deputies ( ! ,antio*5e ,*ur* hurri$ up to ,j]usalem ) ! mu*-ne$$ gifts4#ajd ,x may inde$ be said1 h[ c\ld ,/4 ,paul hope to escape at su* a "t8 ,w\ld x n h be5 madness = him to risk 8 safety 9 a city :]e he _h once be5 s well kn[n8 ,b1 !n1 we mu/ rememb] t x 0 at ! ,passov] season ,saul & ,b>nabas w5t f ,antio* to ,j]usalem4 ,va/ cr[ds !n ent]$ ! ,holy ,city1 & a solit>y ,jew or two f ,antio* might easily escape notice among ! myriads :i* !n assembl$ f all qu>t]s4 ,/4 ,paul enjoy$ too a wondr\s measure ( ! ,_s's guidance1 & t ,_s told him t he _h yet mu* "w to d = ,god4 ,! ,apo/le _h wondr\s prud5ce jo9$ ) wondr\s c\rage1 & we may be sure t he took wise/ precautions to escape ! sword ( ,h]od :i* w\ld h s eag]ly drunk 8 blood4 ,he rema9$ 9 ,j]usalem all ! "t ( ! ,passov]4 ,8 cle> vision ( ! spiritual _w mu/ !n h be5 mo/ preci\s & mo/ su/a9+4 ,all ! apo/les 7 d\btless scatt]$2 ,james 0 dead1 & ,pet] doom$ to dea?4 ,! temporal tr\bles1 fam9e & pov]ty1 :i* call$ ,saul & ,b>nabas to ,j]usalem1 br\ght ) !m correspond+ spiritual bless+s1 z we /ill s (t5 f9d1 & ! brave words ( ! *os5 vessel1 ! ,vas ,electionis1 aid$ by ! sweet gifts ( ! ,son ( ,consolation1 may h be5 v preci\s & v helpful to ^? deepe/ s\ls 9 ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* :o ga!r$ !mselves = cont9u\s pray] 9 ! h\se ( ,m>y ! "m ( ,john1 tea*+ !m ! true "*1 ! pr(\nd views1 ! g5u9e religion ( "o ^: e>li] life _h be5 s v diff]5t & ^: lat] views may h be5 some:at suspect$4 ,saul & ,b>nabas arriv$ 9 ,j]usalem at a t]rible crisis1 !y saw ! crisis safely pass$1 & !n !y return$ to an atmosph]e fre] & broad] ?an t ( ,j]usalem1 & !re 9 ! ex]cise ( a devot$ m9i/ry await$ ! fur!r manife/ation ( ! ,div9e purposes4 #ajb ,x is notewor?y1 inde$1 t x 0 ) ,tyre & ,sidon 9 ! days ( ,h]od z x 0 ) !m 9 ! e>li] days ( ,k+ ,solomon & ( ! prophets4 ,9 #a ,k+s v4 #aj1 #aa we see t ,hiram1 k+ ( ,tyre1 dep5d$ on ,solomon = food3 ,s ,hiram gave ,solomon timb] ( c$> & timb] ( fir accord+ to all 8 desire4 ,& ,solomon gave ,hiram tw5ty ?\s& measures ( :eat = food to 8 h\sehold1 & tw5ty measures ( pure oil3 ?us gave ,solomon to ,hiram ye> by ye>2 ) :i* may be comp>$ ,ezekiel xxvii4 #ag4 #ajc ,! /ory ( ! dea? ( ,h]od ,agrippa z told by ,josephus1 ,antiqq41 ,book ,,xix41 *4 viii41 is 9 /rik+ unison ) t giv5 9 ! ,acts4 ,n[ :5 ,agrippa _h reign$ ?ree ye>s ov] all ,judea1 he came to ! city ,cs>ea1 =m]ly call$ ,/rato's ,t[]2 & !re he exhibit$ %[s 9 hon\r ( ,cs>1 ^u 8 be+ in=m$ t !re 0 a c]ta9 fe/ival celebrat$ on acc\nt ( 8 safety4 ,at :i* fe/ival a great multitude 0 gott5 toge!r ( ! pr9cipal p]sons1 & su* z 7 ( dignity ?r\gh 8 prov9ce4 ,on ! second day ( :i* %[s he put on a g>m5t made :olly ( silv]1 & ( a contexture truly wond]ful1 & came into ! !atre e>ly 9 ! morn+2 at :i* "t ! silv] ( 8 g>m5t1 be+ illum9at$ by ! fre% reflexion ( ! sun's rays ^u x1 %one out aft] a surpris+ mann]1 & 0 s respl5d5t z to spread a t]ror ov] ^? t look$ int5tly ^u him2 & pres5tly 8 flatt]]s cri$ out1 "o f "o place1 & ano!r f ano!r 7?\gh n = 8 good71 t he 0 a god2 & !y add$1 ',be ?\ m]ciful to u2 = ?\gh we h hi!rto rev]5c$ !e only z a man1 yet %all we h5ce=? own !e z sup]ior to mortal nature4' ,^u ?is ! k+ did nei!r rebuke !m1 nor reject _! impi\s flatt]y4 ,b z he pres5tly aft]w>ds look$ up he saw an owl sitt+ on a c]ta9 rope ov] 8 head1 & imm$iately und]/ood t ?is bird 0 ! mess5g] ( ill tid+s1 z x _h once be5 ! mess5g] ( good tid+s to him1 & fell into ! deepe/ sorr[4 ,a sev]e pa9 also arose 9 8 /oma*1 & began 9 a mo/ viol5t mann]4 ,he !re=e look$ ^u 8 fri5ds1 & said1 ',i1 :om y call a god1 am comm&$ pres5tly to dep>t ?is life2 :ile ,provid5ce ?us reproves ! ly+ words y j n[ said to me2 & ,i1 :o 0 by y call$ immortal1 am imm$iately to be hurri$ away by dea?4 ,b ,i am b\nd to accept ( :at ,provid5ce allots1 z x pleases ,god2 = we h by no means liv$ ill1 b 9 a spl5did & happy mann]4' ,:5 he said ?is 8 pa9 became viol5t1 & he 0 c>ri$ into ! palace4 ,! ref]5ce to ! owl relates to a /ory ab\t ,agrippa's e>li] life told by ,josephus 9 8 ,antiqq41 ,book ,,xviii41 *4 vi4 ,! ,emp]or ,tib]ius _h b\nd ,agrippa1 & plac$ him 9 8 purple g>m5ts opposite 8 palace1 ) a numb] ( o!r prison]s1 among :om 0 a ,g]man4 ,an owl p]*$ on a tree ne> ,agrippa1 :]eupon ! ,g]man pr$ict$ t he w\ld be fre$ f 8 bonds1 & be rais$ to highe/ /ation2 b t :5 he saw ! owl aga9 8 dea? w\ld be only five days di/ant4 #ajd ,! ,jews !mselves receiv$ at ! same "t ! support ( _! =eign proselytes4 ,hel5a1 ,que5 ( ,adiab5e1 s5t lib]al gifts to ,j]usalem to support ! fam9e-/rick5 multitudes ( t city1 z ,josephus tells 9 8 ,antiquities1 ,,xx41 ii41 #e4 ,cf4 ,lew9's ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #ajh1 :]e ! read] w f9d engrav+s ( h] mausoleum z x is /ill to be se5 at ,j]usalem4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,ord9ation ,,& ,,fir/ ,,mission>y ,,t\r4 ,z !y m9i/]$ to ! ,"l1 & fa/$1 ! ,holy ,gho/ said1 ,sep>ate me ,b>nabas & ,saul = ! "w :]eunto ,i h call$ !m4 ,!n1 :5 !y _h fa/$ & pray$ & laid _! h&s on !m1 !y s5t !m away4 ,s !y1 be+ s5t =? by ! ,holy ,gho/1 w5t d[n to ,seleucia2 & f !nce !y sail$ to ,cyprus4444 ,b !y1 pass+ ?r\gh f ,p]ga1 came to ,antio* ( ,pisidia2 & !y w5t into ! synagogue on ! sabba? day1 & sat d[n4--,,acts xiii4 #b-d1 #ad4 ,& x came to pass 9 ,iconium1 t !y ent]$ toge!r into ! synagogue ( ! ,jews1 & s spake1 t a great multitude bo? ( ,jews & ( ,greeks believ$4444 ,!y sail$ to ,antio*1 f :5ce !y _h be5 committ$ to ! grace ( ,god = ! "w :i* !y _h fulfill$4--,,acts xiv4 #a1 #bf4 ,we h n[ arriv$ at :at we might call ! wat]%$ ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,hi!rto we h _h v v>i\s sc5es1 *>act]s1 p]sonages to consid]4 ,h5ce=? ,/4 ,paul1 8 lab\rs1 8 disputes1 8 spee*es1 occupy ! entire field1 & e o!r "n t is introduc$ into ! n>rative plays a v subord9ate "p4 ,?is is only natural4 ,/4 ,luke knew ( ! e>li] hi/ory by in=mation ga9$ f v>i\s p]sons1 b he knew ( ! lat] hi/ory1 & specially ( ,/4 ,paul's j\rneys1 by p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,he c\ld say t he _h =m$ a portion & play$ no small "p 9 ! "w ( :i* he 0 tell+1 & !re=e ,/4 ,paul's activity naturally supplies ! *ief subject ( 8 n>rative4 ,/4 ,luke 9 ?is respect 0 exactly l ourselves4 ,:at we take an active "p 91 :]e our own p[]s are specially call$ into op]ation1 !re our int]e/ is specially ar\s$4 ,/4 ,luke p]sonally knew ( ,/4 ,paul's mission>y j\rneys & lab\rs1 & !re=e :5 tell+ ,!ophilus ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* d[n to ! ye> #fj or !reab\ts1 he deals ) t "p ( x :i* he specially kn[s4 ,?is limitation ( ,/4 ,luke's vision limits also our range ( exposition4 ,! e>li] portion ( ! ,acts is mu* ri*] f an expositor's po9t ( view1 comprises m typical n>ratives1 sc5es1 ev5ts ?an ! latt] portion1 ?\gh ?is latt] portion may be ri*] 9 po9ts ( contact1 hi/orical & geographical1 ) ! _w ( life & action4 ,x is ) an expositor or prea*] exactly ! opposite z ) ! ,*ur* hi/orian or biograph] ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,a writ] gift$ ) ! exub]ant imag9ation1 ! m9ute k ( a ,rnan or a ,f>r> naturally f9ds 9 ! details ( travel ) :i* ! latt] portion ( ! ,acts is cr[d$ matt] = abundant discussion4 ,he c p\r =? ! treasures ( in=mation :i* mod]n ar*ological rese>* has furni%$ %$d+ light ^u ! movem5ts ( ! ,apo/le4 ,b ) ! prea*] or expositor x is o!rwise4 ,!re are num]\s incid5ts :i* l5d !mselves to 8 purpose 9 ! j\rneys record$ 9 ?is latt] portion ( ! book2 b :ile a prea*] might f9d endless subjects = spiritual exposition 9 ! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul or ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,/eph51 he f9ds himself conf9$ to hi/orical & geographical discussions 9 l>ge portions ( ! /ory deal+ ) ,/4 ,paul's j\rneys4 ,we %all1 h[ev]1 /rive to unite bo? functions1 & :ile endeav\r+ to treat ! hi/ory f an expositor's po9t ( view1 we %all n ov]look details ( ano!r type :i* w imp>t col\r & int]e/ to ! exposition4 ,i4 ,! ?irte5? *apt] ( ! ,acts records ! op5+ ( ,/4 ,paul's (ficial mission>y lab\rs1 & its e>lie/ v]ses tell u ( ! =mal sep>ation or consecration = t "w :i* ,/4 ,paul receiv$4 ,n[ ! "q may "h be rais$1 ,:y did ,/4 ,paul receive su* a solemn ord9ation z t we "h read (8 ,_h he n be5 call$ by ,*ri/ imm$iately8 ,_h he n be5 designat$ to ! "w 9 ,g5tile l&s by ! voice ( ! same ,jesus ,*ri/ speak+ to ,ananias at ,damascus & aft]w>ds to ,paul himself 9 ! ,temple at ,j]usalem8 ,:at 0 ! necessity = su* a solemn ext]nal imposition ( h&s z t "h record$8 ,john ,calv91 9 8 comm5t>y on ?is passage1 (f]s a v good sugge/ion1 & %[s t he 0 able to ?r[ himself back into ! feel+s & ideas ( ! times f> bett] ?an _m a mod]n writ]4 ,calv9 ?9ks t ?is revelation ( ! ,holy ,gho/ & ?is ord9ation by ! h&s ( ! ,antio*5e prophets 7 absolutely necess>y to complete ! "w begun by ,/4 ,pet] at ,cs>ea1 & = ?is reason4 ,! prejudices ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians aga9/ _! ,g5tile bre?r5 7 s /rong1 t !y w\ld reg>d ! vision at ,joppa z apply+1 n z a g5]al rule1 b z a m]e p]sonal matt]1 au?oris+ ! reception ( ,cornelius & 8 p>ty alone4 ,!y w\ld n see nor und]/& t x au?oris$ ! active evangelisation ( ! ,g5tile _w & ! prosecution ( aggressive ,*ri/ian ef=ts among ! hea!n4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ !re=e1 z ! abid+ & guid+ p[] 9 ! ,*ur*1 & express+ ,8 w ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! prophets !n pres5t1 said1 ,sep>ate me ,b>nabas & ,saul = ! "w :]eunto ,i h call$ !m2 & t "w to :i* !y 7 expressly s5t =? by ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! "w ( aggressive ef=t beg9n+ ) ! ,jews--b n t]m9at+ ) !m--& includ+ ! ,g5tiles4 ,?is seems to me ?or\ghly true1 & %[s h[ ,calv9 realis$ ! intellectual weakness1 ! spiritual h>dness ( he>t & sl[ness ( judgm5t :i* prevail$ among ! apo/les4 ,! battle ( ,*ri/ian fre$om & ( ca?olic tru? 0 n won 9 a mom5t4 ,old prejudices did n dep>t 9 an h\r4 ,new pr9ciples 7 n assimilat$ & appli$ 9 a few days4 ,^? :o hold nobl] views & high] pr9ciples ?an ! cr[d mu/ n be surpris$ or dismay$ if !y f9d t ye> aft] ye> !y h to fight ! same battles & to proclaim ! same fundam5tal tru?s & to ma9ta9 :at may seem at times ev5 a los+ conflict ) ! =ces ( unreason+ prejudices4 ,if ?is 0 ! case 9 ! primitive ,*ur* ) all its unity & love & spiritual gifts1 we may well expect ! same /ate ( affairs 9 ! ,*ur* ( our "t4#aje #aje ,"o great lesson :i* ! true expositor w d]ive f ?is typical hi/ory is ?is1 ! long1 d\btful1 pa9ful /rife :i* ! battle ( tru? & ju/ice ev] involves4 ,! /ruggle = ,g5tile fre$om wag$ by ,/4 ,paul is typical ( ! battle = fre$om ( consci5ce1 = fre$om ( k1 = human rights aga9/ slav]y1 & ( e o!r battle aga9/ tyranny & wrong :i* ! _w has ev] se54 ,! combat has ev] be5 long & we>isome1 & ! *iefe/ ( ,god's *ampions h always be5 compell$ to suff] mu* = _! support ( ! tru?1 :i* mu/1 h[ev]1 triumph 9 ! long run4 ,an illu/ration borr[$ f ,*ur* hi/ory w expla9 ?is4 ,no?+ c well be m completely contr>y to ! _s ( ,*ri/ianity ?an religi\s p]secution4 ,no?+ c be imag9$ m completely consonant ) ! _s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion ?an fre$om ( consci5ce4 ,yet h[ h>d has be5 ! /ruggle = x6 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians suff]$ 9 def5ce ( religi\s fre$om1 b !y _h no soon] ga9$ ! battle ?an !y adopt$ ! v pr9ciple aga9/ :i* !y _h f\ght4 ,!y became religi\sly intol]ant1 because religi\s intol]ance 0 "p & p>cel ( ! ,roman /ate "u :i* !y _h be5 re>$4 ,! ,re=mation aga9 0 a battle = religi\s fre$om4 ,if x 7 n1 ! ,re=m]s :o suff]$ 9 x w\ld h no m claim to our compassion & sympa?y on acc\nt ( ! dea?s !y suff]$ ?an soldi]s :o die 9 battle4 ,a soldi] m]ely suff]s :at he is prep>$ to inflict1 & s x 0 ) ! m>tyrs ( ! ,re=mation unless !irs 0 a /ruggle = religi\s fre$om4 ,yet no soon] _h ! battle ( ! ,re=mation be5 won ?an all ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es adopt$ ! v pr9ciple :i* _h /riv5 to cru% !mselves4 ,x is t]ribly difficult to emancipate ourselves f ! influ5ce & ideas ( bygone ages1 & s x 0 ) ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians4 ,!y c\ld n br+ !mselves to adopt mission>y "w among ! ,g5tiles4 ,!y believ$ inde$ intellectually t ,god _h grant$ unto ! ,g5tiles rep5tance unto life1 b t belief 0 n accompani$ ) any ( ! en?usiasm :i* alone l5ds life & p[] to m5tal conceptions4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ !re=e1 z ! ,p>aclete1 ! lov+ ,com=t]1 ,exhort]1 & ,guide ( ! ,*ur*1 int]poses afre%1 & by a new revelation orda9s apo/les ^: great "w %all consi/ 9 prea*+ to ! ,g5tile _w4 ,?is seems to me "o great reason = ! prom95t place ?is incid5t at ,antio* holds4 ,! "w ( ,g5tile conv]sion proce$$ f ,antio*1 :i* may !re=e well be reg>d$ z ! "m ,*ur* ( ,g5tile ,*ri/5dom2 & ! apo/les ( ! ,g5tiles 7 !re solemnly set ap>t & con/itut$4 ,b>nabas & ,saul 7 n previ\sly call$ apo/les4 ,h5ce=? ?is title is expressly appli$ to !m1#ajf & indep5d5t apo/olic action is tak5 by !m4 ,b !re seems to me ano!r reason :y ,b>nabas & ,saul 7 ?us solemnly set ap>t1 not)/&+ all _! previ\s gifts & call+s & hi/ory4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ wi%$ to lay d[n at ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,g5tile ,*ur* ! law ( ord]ly developm5t1 ! rule ( ext]nal ord9ation1 & ! necessity = its p]petual obs]vance4 ,& !re=e ,he issu$ ,8 m&ate = _! visible sep>ation to ! "w ( evangelisation4 ,all ! circum/ances too are typical4 ,! ,*ur* 0 engag$ 9 a season ( special devotion :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ spoke4 ,a special bless+ 0 v\*saf$1 z be=e at ,p5teco/1 :5 ! p ( ,god 7 specially wait+ ^u ,him4 ,! ,*ur* at ,antio* z repres5t$ by its lead+ tea*]s 7 fa/+ & pray+ & m9i/]+ to ! ,"l :5 ! ,div9e m&ate 0 issu$1 & !n !y fa/$ & pray$ aga94 ,! ord9ation ( ! fir/ apo/les to ! ,g5tiles 0 accompani$ by special pray] & by fa/+1 & ! ,*ur* took good c>e aft]w>ds to foll[ closely ?is primitive example4 ,! in/itution ( ! f\r ,emb] seasons z times = solemn ord9ations is d]iv$ f ?is incid5t4 ,! ,emb] seasons are p]iods = solemn pray] & fa/+1 n only = ^? ab\t to be orda9$1 b also = ! :ole ,*ur*1 because %e recognises t ! :ole body ( ,*ri/'s p are int]e/$ mo/ deeply & vitally 9 ! nature & "* ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry4 ,if ! memb]s ( t m9i/ry are devot$1 e>ne/1 inspir$ ) ,div9e love1 !n inde$ ! "w ( ,*ri/ fl\ri%es 9 ! ,*ur*1 :ile if ! m9i/ry ( ,god be c>eless & unspiritual1 ! p ( ,god suff] t]rible injury4 ,& we obs]ve1 fur!r1 t n only ! ,*ur* subsequ5t to ! apo/olic age foll[$ ?is example at ,antio*1 b ,/4 ,paul himself foll[$ x & prescrib$ x to 8 disciples4 ,he orda9$ eld]s 9 e ,*ur*1 & t f ! beg9n+4 ,he act$ ?us on 8 v fir/ mission>y j\rney1 orda9+ by ! imposition ( h&s accompani$ ) pray] & fa/+1 z we le>n f ! f\rte5? *apt] & tw5ty-?ird v]se4 ,he rem9d$ ,timo?y ( ! gift imp>t$ to t y\?ful evangeli/ by ! imposition ( ,/4 ,paul's own h&s1 z well z by ^? ( ! presbyt]y2 & yet he does n hesitate to designate ! eld]s ( ,ephesus & ,miletus :o 7 ?us orda9$ by ,/4 ,paul z bi%ops set ov] ,god's flock by ! ,holy ,gho/ ,himself4 ,/4 ,paul & ! ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 9 fact1 look$ beh9d ?is visible sc5e4 ,!y realis$ vividly ! tru? ( ,*ri/'s promise ab\t ! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!y took no mis]ably l[ & ,era/ian views ( ! sacr$ m9i/ry1 z if x 7 an (fice ( m]e human ord] & appo9tm5t4 ,!y view$ x z a sup]natural & ,div9e (fice1 :i* no m]e human p[]1 no matt] h[ exalt$1 c\ld conf]4 ,!y realis$ ! human in/rum5ts inde$ 9 _! true position z no?+ b in/rum5ts1 p[]less 9 !mselves1 & mighty only ?r\gh ,god1 & !re=e ,/4 ,paul reg>d$ 8 own ord9ation ( ! eld]s :om he appo9t$ at ,d]be1 ,iconium1 ,ly/ra1 or ,ephesus z a sep>ation by ! ,holy ,gho/ to _! ,div9e (fices4 ,! ,*ur* 01 9 fact1 !n in/9ct ) life & spiritual vig\r1 because x ?ankfully recognis$ ! pres5t p[]1 ! liv+ =ce & vig\r ( ! ?ird p]son ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 #ajf ,see1 = in/ance1 *4 xiv4 #d3 ,"p held ) ! ,jews & "p ) ! apo/les2 & aga91 v]se #ad3 ,b :5 ! apo/les ,b>nabas & ,paul he>d ( x4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! t]m apo/le 0 "o us$ v freely among ! ,jews to signify ! (ficial delegates ( ! high prie/1 ! ,sanh$r91 or ev5 ! smalle/ synagogue4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 ga9$ a sanctity & special application 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* :i* causes a c]ta9 am\nt ( m5tal confusion4 ,at ! same "t1 we mu/ rememb] t ! title apo/le 0 cont9u$ 9 ! primitive ,*ur* aft] ! age ( ! ,twelve4 ,x 0 appli$ to _! successors1 z we le>n f ! ,dida*e1 xi42 ,h]mas1 ,sim4 ix42 #ae1 #af1 #be4 ,cf4 ,orig5 on ,john iv41 & ,euseb41 ,h4 ,e41 i4 #ab4 ,,ii4 ,! apo/les hav+ be5 ?us commission$ lo/ no "t4 ,!y at once dep>t$ ^u _! great "w4 ,& n[ let u briefly indicate ! scope ( ! fir/ great mission>y t\r und]tak5 by ,/4 ,paul1 & sket* its outl9e1 fill+ 9 ! details aft]w>ds4 ,accord+ to e>ly tradition ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,antio*5e ,*ur* 7 9 ,s+on ,/reet1 9 ! s\!rn qu>t] ( ,antio*4#ajg ,aft] e>ne/ & prolong$ religi\s s]vices !y left _! ,*ri/ian bre?r54 ,/4 ,paul's own practice record$ at ,ephesus1 ,miletus1 & at ,tyre %[s u t pray] m>k$ su* sep>ation f ! ,*ri/ian bre?r51 & we "k t ! same practice 0 p]petuat$ 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*2 ,t]tullian1 = in/ance1 tell+ u t a bro!r %\ld n leave a ,*ri/ian h\se until he _h be5 comm5d$ to ,god's keep+4 ,!y !n cross$ ! bridge1 & proce$$ along ! nor!rn bank ( ! ,orontes to ,seleucia1 ! port ( ,antio*1 :]e ! ru9s /ill te/ify to ! va/ness ( ! ar*itectural conceptions *]i%$ by ! ,syrian k+s4 ,f ,seleucia ! apo/les sail$ to ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 ^: peaks !y c\ld see eighty miles di/ant %9+ bright & cle> ?r\gh ! pellucid air4 ,v>i\s circum/ances w\ld lead !m ?i!r4 ,b>nabas 0 ( ,cyprus1 & he d\btless _h _m fri5ds !re4 ,cyprus _h !n an imm5se ,jewi% population1 z we h already po9t$ out2 & ?\gh ! apo/les 7 specially designat$ = "w among ! ,g5tiles1 !y ev] made ! ,jews ! />t+-po9t :5ce to influ5ce ! outside _w1 always us$ !m z ! lev] :]eby to move ! /olid mass ( paganism4 ,! apo/les %[$ a :olesome example to all mission>ies & to all tea*]s by ?is me?od ( action4 ,!y address$ ! ,jews fir/ because !y _h mo/ 9 common ) !m4 ,& ,/4 ,paul delib]ately & ( set purpose work$ on ?is pr9ciple1 :e!r ) ,jews or ,g5tiles4 ,he s\ght out ! ideas or ! gr\nd common to himself & 8 he>]s1 & !n1 hav+ f\nd ! po9ts on :i* !y agre$1 he work$ out f !m4 ,x is ! true me?od ( controv]sy4 ,i h se5 ! opposite c\rse adopt$1 & ) v disa/r\s effects4 ,i h se5 a me?od ( controv]sial argum5t pursu$1 consi/+ simply 9 attacks ^u errors )\t any attempt to foll[ ! apo/olic example & discov] ! tru?s :i* bo? p>ties held 9 common1 & ! result has be5 ! v natural "o1 t ill-w & bad feel+ h be5 ar\s$ )\t effect+ any *anges 9 conviction4 ,we c easily und]/& ! reason ( ?is1 if we consid] h[ ! matt] w\ld /& ) ourselves4 ,if a man comes up to u1 & )\t any attempt to discov] our ideas or ent] into sympa!tic relations ) u1 makes a v aggressive assault ^u all our p>ticul> notions & practices1 our backs are at once put up1 we are ?r[n into a def5sive mood1 our pride is /irr$1 we res5t ! tone1 ! air ( ! aggressor1 & unconsci\sly det]m9e n to be conv9c$ by him4 ,controv]sial prea*+ ( t class1 h>d1 unlov+1 c5sori\s1 nev] does any p]man5t good1 b r /r5g!ns & confirms ! p]son aga9/ ^: belief x is direct$4 ,no?+ ( ?is k9d w ev] be f\nd 9 ! wise1 c\rte\s tea*+ ( ! apo/le ,paul1 ^: few record$ spee*es to ,jews & ,g5tiles may be comm5d$ to ! c>eful /udy ( all tea*]s at home or abroad z models ( mission prea*+1 be+ at once prud5t & lov+1 fai?ful & c\rage\s4 #ajg ,an elaborate plan ( anci5t ,antio*1 accompani$ ) a description ( its v>i\s p>ts & ref]5ces to ! au?orities = ! same1 w be f\nd 9 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #ib4 ,f ,seleucia ! apo/les it9]at$ ?r\gh ! :ole isl& unto ,paphos1 celebrat$ 9 classical antiquity z ! fav\rite seat ( ! goddess ,v5us1 :]e !y came = ! fir/ "t into contact ) a great ,roman (ficial1 ,s]gius ,paulus1 ! proconsul ( ! isl&4 ,f ,paphos !y sail$ across to ! ma9l& ( ,asia ,m9or1 l&$ at ,p]ga1 :]e ,john ,m>k ab&on$ ! "w to :i* he _h put 8 h&4 ,!y d n seem to h /ay$ = long at ,p]ga4 ,!y d\btless decl>$ _! message at ! local synagogue to ! ,jews & proselytes :o assembl$ !re1 = we are n to conclude1 because a synagogue is n expressly m5tion$ z belong+ to any special t[n1 t !re=e x did n exi/4 ,mod]n discov]ies h %[n t ,jewi% synagogues 7 f\nd 9 e consid]able t[n or city ( ,asia ,m9or1 prep>+ ! way by _! pure morality & mono!i/ic tea*+ = ! full] & ri*] tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity4#ajh ,b ,/4 ,paul _h fix$ 8 eagle gaze ^u ,antio* ( ,pisidia1 a t[n :i* _h be5 made by ,augu/us ,cs> ! great c5tre ( ?is "p ( ,asia ,m9or1 :5ce milit>y roads radiat$ 9 e direction1 l5d+ !reby ! assi/ance ( imp]ial organisation to ! progress ( ! gospel4 ,its situation 01 9 fact1 ! circum/ance :i* det]m9$ ! orig9al f\ndation ( ,antio* by ! ,syrian pr9ces4#aji #ajh ,hyppa1 = in/ance1 0 a celebrat$ sanctu>y ( ,diana1 betwe5 ,s>dis & ,ephesus4 ,jewi% inscriptions h be5 f\nd !re prov+ t a ,jewi% synagogue & community exi/$ ev5 9 t pagan /ronghold3 see ,revue ,ar*ologique = #ahhe1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aaa4 #aji ,!re is a s]ies ( plates 9 ,lew9's ,life ( ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 pp4 #acj-cf1 depict+ ! site & ru9s ( ,antio*1 & %[+ ! roads :i* connect$ x ) all ! lead+ t[ns ( ! neighb\rhood1 ,iconium1 ,ly/ra1 ,d]be4 ,pr(essor ,ramsay1 9 8 ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 be/[s a good deal ( att5tion on ,antio* ( ,pisidia & its position3 see pp4 #dg1 #eg1 #he1 #cia1 #dec4 ,facility ( access1 comm]cial conv5i5ce 7 po9ts at :i* !y *iefly aim$ 9 select+ ! sites ( ! cities !y built1 & ! wisdom ( _! *oice 9 ! case ( ,antio* 9 ,pisidia 0 confirm$ :5 ,augu/us & ,tib]ius1 "s few ye>s previ\s to ,/4 ,paul's visit1 made ,antio* ! c5tre f :i* div]g$ ! :ole sy/em ( milit>y roads ?r\gh\t ?is portion ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,x 0 a v l>ge city1 & its ru9s & aqu$ucts te/ify to ?is day conc]n+ ! important position x held z ! great c5tre ( all ! ,roman colonies & =tresses :i* ,augu/us plant$ 9 ! ye> ,b4,c4 #f along ! skirts ( ! ,taurus ,range to re/ra9 ! incursions ( ! rude m\nta9e]s ( ,isauria & ,pisidia4 ,:5 p]secution compell$ ! apo/les to retire f ,antio* !y took _! way !re=e to ,iconium1 :i* 0 "s sixty miles s\?-ea/ ( ,antio* along "o ( ^! milit>y roads ( :i* we h spok51 con/ruct$ = ! purpose ( putt+ d[n ! brig&s :i* !n1 z 9 mod]n times1 con/itut$ "o ( ! great plagues ( ,asia ,m9or4#aaj ,b :y did ! apo/les retire to ,iconium8 ,surely "o might say1 if ! ,jews _h influ5ce en\gh at ,antio* to /ir up ! *ief m5 ( ! city aga9/ ! mission>ies1 !y w\ld h _h influ5ce en\gh to secure a w>rant = _! arre/ 9 a neighb\r+ city4 ,at fir/ sight x seems some:at difficult to acc\nt = ! l9e ( travel or flight adopt$ by ! apo/les4 ,b a ref]5ce to anci5t geography ?r[s "s light ^u ! problem4 ,/rabo1 a geograph] ( ,/4 ,paul's own day1 tells u t ,iconium 0 an indep5d5t pr9cipality or tetr>*y1 surr\nd$ inde$ on all sides by ,roman t]ritory1 b /ill enjoy+ a c]ta9 am\nt ( indep5d5ce4 ,! apo/les fl$ to ,iconium :5 p]secution wax$ hot because !y _h a good road ?i!r1 & also because at ,iconium !y 7 secure f any legal mole/ation be+ "u a new jurisdiction4#aaa #aaj ,/4 ,paul1 writ+ 9 #bnd ,cor9?ians1 speaks ( himself z at times 9 p]ils ( robb]s4 ,?is dang] may well h happ5$ to him 9 ! c5tral di/ricts ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,!re is an int]e/+ /ory ( ,/4 ,john & ! b&its 9 ,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e41 iii41 #bc4 ,! incid5ts !re told took place 9 ,asia ,m9or4 #aaa ,iconium 0 9 ,/4 ,paul's day ! c5tre ( an indep5d5t tetr>*y rul$ by native pr9ces4 ,see ,pl9y's ,nat4 ,hi/41 v4 #bg4 ,! site ( ,iconium has nev] be5 unc]ta94 ,x 0 made ! capital ( _! dom9ions by ! ,sultans ( ! ,seldjuk ,turks1 & cont9u$ to occupy t position till ! conque/ ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,x is /ill call$ ,konia1 a modification ( its orig9al "n1 & /ill cont9ues to attract a l>ge population on acc\nt ( ! beauty & conv5i5ce ( its situation1 :i* gives x ! title ( ! ,damascus ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,accord+ to tradition ,sosipatros1 "o ( ! sev5ty disciples1 0 ! bi%op ( ,iconium1 & 0 succe$$ by ,t]5tius1 ano!r memb] ( ! same sacr$ company2 ,acta ,sanctorum1 ,june #bj?1 p4 #fg2 ,ramsay1 ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 p4 #ccb4 ,! late/ acc\nt ( ,iconium z x is at pres5t w be f\nd 9 ,/]rett's ,epigraphical ,j\rney 9 ,asia ,m9or1 pr9t$ among ! ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,s*ool ( ,classical ,/udies at ,a!ns1 ,bo/on1 #ahhd4 vol4 ii41 p4 #ahh-bbe4 ,aft] a "t1 h[ev]1 ! ,jews f ,antio* made _! way to ,iconium & began ! same process :i* _h prov$ s successful at ,antio*4 ,!y fir/ excit$ ! memb]s ( ! ,jewi% synagogue aga9/ ! apo/les1 & ?r\gh !m influ5c$ ! t[ns-p at l>ge1 s t1 ?\gh successful 9 w9n+ conv]ts1 ,/4 ,paul & 8 companion 7 9 dang] ( be+ /on$ by a jo9t mob ( ,jews & ,g5tiles4 ,!y _h !re=e to fly a second "t1 & :5 do+ s !y act$ on ! same pr9ciple z be=e4 ,!y aga9 remov$ !mselves out ( ! local jurisdiction ( _! enemies1 & pass$ to ,d]be & ,ly/ra1 cities ( ,lycaonia1 a ,roman prov9ce :i* _h j be5 =m$ by ! ,emp]or ,claudius4#aab #aab ,! apo/les seem to h act$ z 9 =m] times p]sons h>ass$ by legal processes c\ld d 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,a writ direct$ to a %]iff only ran )9 8 own c\nty4 ,a man c\ld n be arre/$ "u x if he pass$ "o /ep beyond ! c\nty b\nds1 till c\nt]sign$ by ! %]iff ( ! c\nty into :i* ! del9qu5t _h pass$4 ,"u ! ,roman empire ! local lib]ties & jurisdictions 7 simply inf9ite1 a fact :i* ( c\rse l5t mu* assi/ance to p]sons p]secut$ z ! apo/les 74 ,d]be1 = in/ance1 0 a native city ( ,lycaonia1 & belong$ to ! ,ko9on or local assembly ( t prov9ce4 ,ly/ra 0 situat$ inde$ 9 ,lycaonia1 b be+ a ,roman colony _h !re=e exceptional privileges1 & scorn$ to belong to ! local ,assembly ( native cities4 ,see ,ramsay1 ,hi/4 ,geog41 pp4 #ccb1 #cge1 #cgf4 ,!n aft] a "t1 :5 ! di/urbances :i* ! ,jews p]si/5tly rais$ :]ev] !y came _h subsid$1 ! apo/les return$ back ov] ! same gr\nd1 no long] inde$ publicly prea*+1 b organis+ quietly & secretly ! ,*ur*es :i* !y _h f\nd$ 9 ! diff]5t t[ns ?r\gh :i* !y _h pass$1 till !y arriv$ back at ,p]ga1 :]e p]haps1 f9d+ no %ip sail+ to ,antio*1 !y travell$ to ! port ( ,attalia1 :]e !y succe$$ 9 f9d+ a passage to t city ( ,antio* :5ce !y _h be5 s5t =?4#aac ,?is brief sket* w give a g5]al view ( ! fir/ mission>y t\r made 9 ! realms ( paganism1 & w %[ t x dealt ) little m ?an two prov9ces ( ,asia ,m9or1 ,pisidia & ,lycaonia1 & 0 foll[$ by :at m5 w\ld c\nt b scanty results1 ! f\ndation & organisation ( a few scatt]$ ,*ri/ian communities 9 "s ( ! lead+ t[ns ( ^! di/ricts4 #aac ,x is well p]haps to note t ! 9 ?is "n is long1 repres5t+ ! diph?ong 1 ! ,greek "n ( ! t[n be+ 4 ,,iii4 ,let u n[ m p>ticul>ly notice "s ( ! details record$ conc]n+ ?is j\rney4 ,! apo/les began _! "w at ,cyprus1 :]e !y proclaim$ ! gospel 9 ! ,jewi% synagogues4 ,!y 7 attract$ z we h said to ?is isl&1 fir/1 because x 0 ! native l& ( ,b>nabas1 & !n because its population 0 9 l>ge degree ,jewi%1 ow+ to ! possession ( ! fam\s copp] m9es ( ! isl& by ,h]od ! ,great4#aad ,synagogues 7 scatt]$ all ov] ! isl& & proselytes app]ta9$ to ea* synagogue1 & ?us a basis ( op]ations 0 ready :5ce ! gospel message might op]ate4 ,x 0 j ! same ev5 at ,paphos1 :]e ,/4 ,paul came 9 contact ) ! proconsul ,s]gius ,paulus4 ,! ,jewi% elem5t "h aga9 appe>s1 ?\gh 9 m active opposition ?an seems to h be5 else:]e (f]$4 ,s]gius ,paulus 0 a ,roman citiz5 l ,cornelius ( ,cs>ea4 ,he _h become dissatisfi$ ) ! belief ( 8 =efa!rs4 ,he _h n[ come into contact ) ! my/ic ,ea/1 & _h yield$ himself to ! guidance ( a man :o pr(ess$ ! ,jewi% religion1 :i* seems to h *>m$ by its pure morality & simple mono!ism _m ( ! noble/ m9ds ( t age4 ,b1 l all outsid]s1 ,s]gius ,paulus did n make accurate & j di/9ctions betwe5 man & man4 ,he yield$ himself to ! guidance ( a man :o trad$ on ! "n ( a ,jew1 b :o really practis$ ^? rites ( weird sorc]y :i* real ,judaism utt]ly repudiat$ & d5\nc$4 ,?is alone acc\nts = ! /]n language ( ,/4 ,paul3 ,o full ( all guile & all villany1 ?\ son ( ! devil1 ?\ enemy ( all righte\sness1 wilt ?\ n cease to p]v]t ! "r ways ( ! ,"l8 ,/4 ,paul nev] address$ a lawful oppon5t 9 ?is mann]4 ,he did n believe 9 ! efficacy ( /rong language 9 itself1 nor did he abuse ^? :o )/ood him 9 hone/ argum5t4 ,b he did n hesitate1 on ! o!r h&1 to br& a deceiv] z he des]v$1 or to d5\nce 9 sca?+ t]ms ^? :o 7 guilty ( consci\s fraud4 ,/4 ,paul might well be tak5 z a model controv]siali/ 9 ?is respect4 ,he knew h[ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! g5u9e oppon5t :o might be mi/ak5 b 0 c]ta9ly consci5ti\s1 & ! fraudul5t hypocrite devoid ( all convictions save ! conviction ( ! value ( money4 ,) ! =m] ,/4 ,paul 0 full ( c\rtesy1 pati5ce1 consid]ation1 because he _h 9 himself exp]i5ce ( ! p[] ( bl9d un?9k+ prejudice4 ,= ! latt] class ,/4 ,paul _h no consid]ation1 & ) !m he wa/$ no "t4 ,8 hone/ s\l took _! measure at once4 ,he d5\nc$ !m z he did ,elymas on ?is occasion1 & !n pass$ on to deal ) nobl] & pur] s\ls1 :]e hone/ & good he>ts (f]$ m promis+ soil = ! reception ( ! ,^w ( ! ,k+dom4 ,controv]sy ( e k9d is v try+ to tongue & temp]1 b religi\s controv]sy su* z t 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul sp5t 8 life is specially try+ to ! "*4 ,! subject is s important t x seems to excuse an ov] zeal & e>ne/ness :i* t]m9ates 9 bad temp] & unwise language4 ,& yet we sometimes _c %r9k f controv]sy1 because consci5ce dem&s x on our "p4 ,:5 t happ5s to be ! case1 x w be well = u to ex]cise ! mo/ rigor\s control ov] our feel+s & our words2 f "t to "t to realise by a mom5t>y ef=t ( introspection ,*ri/ hang+ ^u ! cross & be>+ = u ! unwor?y & unju/ reproa*es ( mank9d2 = ?us & ?us only w pride be kept d[n & hot temp] re/ra9$ & t great advantage = ! tru? secur$ :i* self-control always be/[s ^u its possessor4 #aad ,see vol4 i41 p4 #baf4 ,!re is an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! hi/oric accuracy ( ,/4 ,luke connect$ ) ! apo/olic visit to ,paphos & to ,s]gius ,paulus ! proconsul4 ,?rice ov] 9 ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,luke1 ,s]gius ,paulus is call$ proconsul--fir/ 9 ! sev5? v]se ( ! ?irte5? *apt]1 :]e ,elymas ! sorc]] is describ$ ?us1 :o 0 ) ! proconsul1 ,s]gius ,paulus1 a man ( und]/&+1 :ile aga9 ! same title ( proconsul is appli$ to ,s]gius 9 ! eigh? & twelf? v]ses4 ,?is has be5 ! cause ( mu* misund]/&+ & ( no small reproa* hurl$ aga9/ ! sacr$ writ]4 ,let u inquire into its ju/ice & ! facts ( ! case4 ,! ,roman prov9ces 7 divid$ into two classes1 s5atorial & imp]ial4 ,! s5atorial prov9ces 7 rul$ by proconsuls appo9t$ by ! ,s5ate2 ! imp]ial by proprtors appo9t$ by ! emp]ors4 ,?is arrangem5t 0 made by ,augu/us ,cs>1 & is report$ to u by ,/rabo :o liv$ & wrote dur+ ,/4 ,paul's e>ly manhood4 ,b n[ a difficulty arises4 ,/rabo gives u ! li/ ( ! prov9ces s5atorial & imp]ial alike1 & expressly classes ,cyprus among/ ! imp]ial prov9ces1 :i* 7 rul$ by proprtors & n by proconsuls4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! old] critics1 ,/4 ,luke 0 ?us pla9ly convict$ ( a mi/ake & ( a flagrant contradiction ( t great au?ority ! geograph] ,/rabo4 ,b x is nev] safe to jump to conclusions ( t k9d ) respect to a contemporane\s writ] :o has prov$ himself accurate on o!r occasions4 ,x is f> bett] & f> saf] to say1 ,let u wait a:ile1 & see :at fur!r inve/igations w reveal4 ,& s x has prov$ 9 ?is special case4 ,/rabo tells u ( ! orig9al arrangem5t made ab\t ?irty ye>s ,b4,c4 betwe5 ! ,emp]or ,augu/us & ! ,s5ate1 :5 ,cyprus 0 mo/ c]ta9ly numb]$ among/ ! imp]ial prov9ces2 b he omits to tell u :at ano!r hi/orian ( ! same c5tury1 ,dion ,cassius1 does relate1 t ! same ,emp]or modifi$ ?is arrangem5t five ye>s lat]1 h&+ ,cyprus & ,gallia ,n>bon5sis ov] to ! rule ( ! ,s5ate1 s t f t date & h5ce=? ?r\gh\t ! fir/ c5tury ( our era ,cyprus 0 gov]n$ by proconsuls alone1 z ,/4 ,luke mo/ accurately1 ?\gh only incid5tally1 reports4#aae ,"h1 too1 ! results ( mod]n inve/igation among inscriptions & co9s h come 9 to supplem5t & support ! te/imony ( hi/orians4 ,! ,greek inscriptions discov]$ prior to & dur+ ! e>li] half ( ?is c5tury h be5 collect$ toge!r 9 ,boeckh's ,corpus ( ,greek ,inscriptions1 :i* is1 inde$1 a va/ rep]tory ( orig9al docum5ts conc]n+ ! life1 ,pagan & ,*ri/ian1 ( ! ,greek _w4 ,9 ! inscriptions numb]$ #bfca & #bfcb 9 t valuable "w we h ! names ( ,q4 ,julius ,cordus & ,l4 ,annius ,bassus expressly m5tion$ z proconsuls ( ,cyprus 9 ,a4,d4 #ea1 #eb2 :ile on co9s ( ,cyprus h be5 f\nd ! names ( ,com9ius ,proclus & ,quadratus1 :o held ! same (fice4 ,b ! v late/ inve/igations h borne /rik+ te/imony to ! same fact4 ,! "n ( ! v proconsul :om ,/4 ,paul address$ appe>s on an inscription discov]$ 9 our own "t4 ,cyprus has be5 ?or\ghly inve/igat$ s9ce x pass$ into ,briti% h&s1 specially by ,g5]al ,cesnola1 :o has writt5 a "w on ! subject :i* is well wor? read+ by ^? :o take an int]e/ 9 ,scripture l&s & ! sc5es :]e ! apo/les lab\r$4 ,9 t "w1 p4 #dbe1 ,cesnola tells u ( a mutilat$ inscription :i* he recov]$ deal+ ) "s subject ( no special importance1 b be>+ ! foll[+ preci\s notice giv+ its date z ,"u ,paulus ! ,proconsul2 prov+ to u by contempor>y evid5ce t ,s]gius ,paulus rul$ ! isl&1 & rul$ x ) ! special title ( proconsul4 ,surely an in/ance l ?is--& we %all h sev]al su* to notice--is q en\gh to make fair m9ds susp5d _! judgm5t :5 *>ges ( inaccuracy are alleg$ aga9/ ,/4 ,luke dep5d5t ^u our own ignorance alone ( ! entire facts ( ! case4 ,a wid] k1 a l>g] inve/igation we may well be sure w suffice to cle> ! difficulty & v9dicate ! fair fame ( ! sacr$ hi/orian4 #aae ,! words ( ,dion are3 ,eo tempore ,cyprum ac ,galliam ,n>bon5sem1 quia nihil armis suis indig]5t1 populo r$didit2 atque ita proconsules etiam 9 i/as prov9cias mitti cp]unt4 ,see ! works ( ,dion1 edit$ by ,h4 ,val]ius1 vol4 i41 p4 #gcc 7,hamburg1 #agej74 ,val]ius1 9 8 note on ?is passage1 notes ! inaccuracies into :i* ! old] critics--,grotius1 ,hammond1 ,b>onius--_h fall5 ab\t ,acts xiii4 #g4 ,f ,cyprus ! apo/les pass$ ov] to ! cont95t1 & op5$ _! mission>y "w at ,antio* ( ,pisidia1 :]e ! fir/ record$ address ( ,/4 ,paul 0 deliv]$4 ,?is s]mon1 deliv]$ 9 ! ,pisidian synagogue1 is des]v+ ( our special notice because x is ! only mission>y address deliv]$ by ,/4 ,paul to ! ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion :i* has be5 h&$ d[n to u1 unless we include ! few words deliv]$ to ! ,roman ,jews report$ 9 ! tw5ty-eigh? *apt] f ! sev5te5? to ! tw5ty-eigh? v]ses4 ,let u briefly analyse x1 premis+ t x %\ld be c>efully comp>$ ) ! addresses ( ,/4 ,pet] to ! ,jews ^u ! ,day ( ,p5teco/ & ) ! spee* deliv]$ by ,/4 ,/eph5 be=e ! ,sanh$r91 :5 all ?ree w be f\nd to run ^u ! same l9es4 ,! apo/les hav+ rea*$ ,antio* wait$ until ! ,sabba? came r\nd1 & !n s\ght ! local meet+-place ( ! ,jews4 ,! apo/les felt inde$ t !y 7 entru/$ ) a great mission important = ! human race1 b yet !y knew "r well t fev]i% impetuosity or re/less activity 0 n ! true way to advance ! cause !y _h 9 h&4 ,!y did n believe 9 wild irregul> actions :i* only /ir up opposition4 ,!y 7 calm & dignifi$ 9 _! me?ods1 because !y 7 consci\sly guid$ by ! ,div9e ,_s ( ,him conc]n+ :om x 0 said 9 ! days ( ,8 fle%1 ,he did n /rive nor cry1 nei!r did any man he> ,8 voice 9 ! /reets4 ,on ! ,sabba? day !y ent]$ ! synagogue1 & took _! place on a b5* set ap>t = ! reception ( ^? :o 7 reg>d$ z tea*]s4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! public wor%ip & ! read+ ( ! lessons out ( ! law & ! prophets1 su* z /ill are read 9 ! synagogue wor%ip1 ! ,rul]s ( ! ,synagogue s5t to !m ! m9i/] or apo/le ( ! synagogue intimat+ _! p]mission to address ! assembl$ congregation1 :]eupon ,/4 ,paul arose & deliv]$ an address1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an analysis4 ,/4 ,paul op5$ 8 s]mon by a ref]5ce to ! lessons :i* _h j be5 read 9 ! s]vice1 :i*--z all ! writ]s ( ! ,apo/le's life1 ,lew91 ,conybe>e & ,h[son1 & ,ar*deacon ,f>r>1 agree--7 tak5 f ! fir/ *apt] ( ,deut]onomy & ! fir/ ( ,isaiah4 ,he po9ts out1 z ,/4 ,/eph5 _h done1 ! provid5tial deal+s ( ,god ) _! =efa!rs f ! "t ( ! orig9al *oice ( ,abraham d[n to ,david4 ,! ,jews _h be5 div9ely guid$ ?r\gh\t _! hi/ory d[n to ,david's days1 & t ,div9e guidance _h n !n ceas$1 b cont9u$ d[n to ! pres5t1 z ! ,apo/le !n proce$s to %[4 ,9 ,david's se$ !re _h be5 left a hope = ,israel :i* e true ,jew /ill *]i%$4 ,he !n ann\nces t ! long-*]i%$ hope _h n[ at la/ be5 fulfill$4 ,?is fact dep5d$ n on 8 te/imony alone4 ,! ,messiah :om !y _h long expect$ _h be5 prec$$ by a prophet ^: reputation _h spread into ^! di/ant regions1 & _h ga9$ disciples1 z we %all aft]w>ds f9d1 at ,ephesus4 ,john ! ,bapti/ _h ann\nc$ ! ,messiah's appe>ance1 & proclaim$ 8 own inf]iority to ,him4 ,b !n an objection occurs to ! ,apo/le :i* might naturally be rais$4 ,if ,john's reputation & doctr9e _h p5etrat$ to ,antio*1 ! /ory ( ! crucifixion ( ,jesus may also h be5 report$ !re1 & ! local ,jews may !re=e h conclud$ t su* an ignom9i\s dea? 0 conclusive aga9/ ! claims ( ,jesus8 ,! ,apo/le !n proce$s to %[ h[ t ! provid5tial rule ( ,god _h be5 ex]cis$ ev5 9 t matt]4 ,! wra? ( man _h be5 compell$ to praise ,god1 & ev5 :ile ! rul]s at ,j]usalem 7 /riv+ to cru% ,jesus ,*ri/ !y 7 9 reality fulfill+ ! voices ( ! prophets :i* w5t be=eh& & proclaim$ ! suff]+s ( ! ,messiah exactly z !y _h happ5$4 ,& fur!r /ill1 ,god _h set ,8 seal to ! tru? ( ! /ory by rais+ ,jesus ,*ri/ f ! dead accord+ to ! pr$ictions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* he exp\nds aft] ! mann] ( ! ,jewi% s*ools1 f9d+ a h9t ( ! ,resurrection ( ,*ri/ 9 ,isaiah lv4 #c3 ,i w give y ! holy & sure bless+s ( ,david2 & a /ill cle>] "o 9 ,psalm xvi4 #aj3 ,?\ wilt n give ,?9e ,holy ,"o to see corruption4 ,! ,apo/le1 aft] quot+ ?is text1 :i* f its use by ,/4 ,pet] on ! ,day ( ,p5teco/ seems to h be5 a passage commonly quot$ 9 ! ,jewi% controv]sy1 t]m9ates 8 disc\rse ) a proclamation ( ! exalt$ bless+s :i* ! ,messiah has br\ght1 indicat+ briefly b cle>ly ! univ]sal "* ( ! gospel promises1 & f9i%+ ) a w>n+ aga9/ /upid ob/9ate resi/ance drawn f ,habakkuk i4 #e1 :i* prim>ily ref]r$ to ! disbelief 9 imp5d+ ,*aldan invasion exhibit$ by ! ,jews1 b :i* ! ,apo/le applies to ! ,jews ( ,antio* & _! spiritual dang]s aris+ f simil> wilful ob/9acy4 ,we h ( c\rse n mu* m ?an ! heads ( ! apo/olic s]mon4 ,five or sev5 m9utes ( a n v rapid speak] w\ld amply suffice to exhau/ ! exact words attribut$ to ,/4 ,paul4 ,he mu/ h enl>g$ on ! v>i\s topics4 ,he c\ld n h introduc$ ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ! abrupt mann] 9 :i* he is notic$ 9 ! text ( our ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x seems q natural en\gh to u t he %\ld be ?us nam$1 because ,john occupies a v high & exalt$ position 9 our m5tal horizon f our e>lie/ *ildhood4 ,b :o 0 ,john ! ,bapti/ = ^! ,jewi% settl]s 9 ! ,pisidian ,antio*8 ,he 0 simply a prophet ( :om !y may h he>d a vague report1 :o appe>$ be=e ,israel = a ye> or two1 & !n suff]$ dea? at ! h&s ( ,h]od ! ,tetr>*3 & s x mu/ h be5 ) _m o!r topics introduc$ into ?is disc\rse4 ,!y mu/ h be5 mu* m copi\sly treat$1 elaborat$1 discuss$1 or else ! audi5ce 9 ! ,pisidian synagogue mu/ h lov$ conc5trat$ disc\rse m ke5ly ?an any o!r assembly t ev] met toge!r4 ,& yet1 ?\gh ! real disc\rse mu/ h be5 mu* long]--& did we only possess ! s]mon 9 its fulness _m a difficulty :i* n[ puzzles u w\ld disappe> at once--we c /ill see ! l9e ( ! apo/olic argum5t & grasp its =ce4 ,! ,apo/le argues1 9 fact1 t ,god _h *os5 ! orig9al fa!rs ( ! ,jewi% race4 ,he _h gone on conf]r+ ev] fre% & l>g] bless+s 9 ! wild]ness1 9 ,canaan1 "u ! ,judges1 & !n "u ! ,k+s1 till ! "t ( ,david1 f ^: se$ ,god _h rais$ up ! greate/ gift ( all 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?r\gh :om bless+s unkn[n be=e & unsurpass$ 7 (f]$ to mank9d4 ,/4 ,paul cont5ds exactly z ,/4 ,/eph5 _h done1 t true religion has be5 a p]petual advance & developm5t2 t ,*ri/ianity is n some?+ di/9ct f ,judaism1 b is ess5tially "o ) x1 be+ ! fl[] ( a plant :i* ,god ,himself _h plant$1 ! cr[n & glory ( ! "w :i* ,he _h ,himself begun4 ,?is address1 z we h already notic$ 9 ! preface to ! fir/ volume ( ?is "w1 w repay c>eful /udy2 = x %[s ! me?ods adopt$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ian :5 deal+ ) ! ,jews4#aaf ,!y did n attack any ( _! peculi> views or practices1 b conf9+ !mselves to :at !y held 9 common /rove to conv9ce !m t ,*ri/ianity 0 ! logical outcome ( _! own pr9ciples4 #aaf ,cf4 vol4 i41 pp4 xi1 #cjj4 ,! results ( ?is address 7 v indicative ( ! future4 ,! ,jews ( ! synagogue seem to h be5 = a "t impress$ by ,/4 ,paul's words4 ,sev]al ( !m1 toge!r ) a numb] ( ! proselytes1 atta*$ !mselves to him z 8 disciples1 & 7 fur!r in/ruct$ 9 ! fai?4 ,! proselytes especially mu/ h be5 attract$ by ! ,apo/le's words4 ,!y 71 l ,cornelius1 ,proselytes ( ! ,gate1 :o obs]v$ m]ely ! sev5 precepts ( ,noah & r5\nc$ idolatry1 b 7 n circumcis$ or subject to ! re/rictions & duties ( ! ,jewi% ritual4 ,!y mu/ h welcom$ tid+s ( a religion embody+ all t :i* !y v5]at$ 9 ! ,jewi% ,law & yet devoid ( its n>r[ness & disadvantages4 ,next ,sabba? ! :ole city 0 /irr$ ) excitem5t1 & !n ,jewi% jeal\sy bur/ into a flame4 ,!y saw t _! national di/9ctions & glory 7 9 dang]4 ,!y refus$ to li/5 or p]mit any fur!r proclamation ( :at mu/ h seem$ to !m a revolution>y tea*+ disloyal to ! traditions & exi/5ce ( _! religion & _! nation4 ,!y us$ _! influ5ce !re=e ) ! *ief m5 ( ! city1 ex]cis+ x ?r\gh _! wives1 :o 7 9 _m cases attract$ by ! ,jewi% wor%ip1 or :o may h be5 !mselves ( ,jewi% bir?1 & ! result 0 t ! apo/les 7 driv5 =? to prea* 9 o!r cities ( ! same c5tral region ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ attack made by ! ,jews ^u ,/4 ,paul 9 8 mission j\rneys4 ,he _h already _h exp]i5ce ( _! ho/ility at ,damascus & at ,j]usalem1 b ?is ho/ility 0 d\btless provok$ by reason ( _! res5tm5t at ! apo/asy to ! ,naz>5e sect ( _! *os5 *ampion4 ,b "h at ,antio* we p]ceive ! fir/ symptom ( t bitt] ho/ility to ,/4 ,paul because ( 8 ca?olic pr9ciples1 8 proclamation ( salvation z op5 to all alike1 ,jew or ,g5tile1 free f any burd5some or re/rictive conditions1 a ho/ility :i* we %all f9d p]si/5tly pursu+ him1 bo? )9 ! ,*ur*1 & /ill m )\t ! ,*ur*1 at ,iconium1 at ,ly/ra1 at ,!ssalonica1 at ,cor9?1 & at ,j]usalem4 ,x w\ld seem inde$ z if ! inv5tion ( ! t]m ,*ri/ian at ,antio* m>k$ a crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,h5ce=? ,/4 ,paul & 8 fri5ds became ! objects ( ke5e/ hatr$1 because ! ,jews _h recognis$ t !y taught a =m ( belief absolutely inconsi/5t ) ! ,jewi% fai? z hi!rto kn[n2 a hatr$ :i* seems1 h[ev]1 to h be5 limit$ to ,/4 ,paul & 8 ,antio*5e fri5ds1 = ! temporis+ measures & ! p]sonal prejudices1 ! :ole atmosph]e1 9 fact1 ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* l$ ! unbeliev+ ,jews to make a broad di/9ction betwe5 ! disciples at ,j]usalem & ! foll[]s ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,,iv4 ,s f> we h dealt ) ,/4 ,paul's address at ,antio* z typical ( 8 me?ods 9 deal+ ) ! ,jews1 & _! treatm5t ( ! ,apo/le z typical ( t ho/ility :i* ! ,jews ev] display$ to ! e>lie/ tea*]s ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 z witness$ n only by ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b also by ! writ+s & hi/ories ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 & ( ,polyc>p ( ,smyrna1 & ( all ! e>ly apologi/s4 ,b we are n left 9 ?is typical ,*ur* hi/ory )\t a specim5 ( ,/4 ,paul's e>li] me?ods :5 deal+ ) ! hea!n4 ,/4 ,paul1 aft] 8 rejection at ,antio*1 escap$ to ,iconium1 sixty miles di/ant1 & !nce1 :5 ,jewi% p]secution aga9 wax$ hot1 betook himself to ,ly/ra1 "s =ty miles to ! s\?4 ,!re ! ,apo/le f\nd himself 9 a new atmosph]e & amid new surr\nd+s4 ,antio* & ,iconium _h l>ge ,jewi% populations1 & 7 p]meat$ ) ,jewi% ideas4 ,ly/ra 0 a ?or\ghly ,g5tile t[n ) only a v few ,jewi% inhabitants4 ,! :ole air ( ! place--its mann]s1 cu/oms1 popul> leg5ds--0 ?or\ghly pagan4 ,?is (f]$ ,/4 ,paul a new field = 8 activity1 ( :i* he avail$ himself "r dilig5tly1 f9i%+ up 8 "w ) heal+ a lifelong cripple1 a miracle :i* s impress$ ! mob ( ,ly/ra t !y imm$iately cri$ out 9 ! native spee* ( ,lycaonia1 ,! gods are com+ d[n to u 9 ! lik5ess ( m51 call+ ,b>nabas ,jupit]1 on acc\nt ( 8 l(ty /ature & m comm&+ appe>ance1 & ,paul ,m]curius or ,h]mes1 because ( 8 m insignificant size & m copi\s eloqu5ce4 ,"h aga9 we h1 9 our writ]'s words1 an incid5tal & ev5 unconsci\s witness to ! tru? ( our n>rative4 ,! cry ( ! m5 ( ,ly/ra1 ^! rude b>b>ian p ( ! orig9al inhabitants ( ! l&1 :o1 ?\gh !y c\ld und]/& ,greek1 naturally fell back on _! native ,lycaonian language to express _! deep] feel+s1--?is cry1 ,i say1 ref]s to an anci5t leg5d connect$ ) _! hi/ory1 ( :i* we f9d a l5g!n$ acc\nt 9 ! works ( ! poet ,ovid4 ,jupit] att5d$ by ,m]cury once desc5d$ to visit ! e>? & see h[ man 0 f>+4 ,"s sc(f$ at ! deities1 & 7 puni%$4 ,o!rs receiv$ !m1 & 7 bless$ accord+ly4#aag ,! wondr\s "w p]=m$ on ! cripple naturally l$ ! m5 ( ,ly/ra to ?9k t ! ,div9e ,epiphany _h be5 repeat$4 ,! colony ( ,ly/ra--= ,ly/ra 0 a ,roman colony#aah--0 devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ,jupit]1 9 memory d\btless ( ?is celebrat$ visit4 ,a temple to ,jupit] /ood be=e & outside ! gate ( ! city1 z ! temple ( ,diana /ood outside ! gate ( ,ephesus1 l5d+ sanctity & protection to ! neighb\r+ t[n4 ,! prie/ & ! p act ^u ! spur ( ! mom5t4 ,!y br+ victims & g>l&s prep>$ to (f] sacrifice to ! deities :o1 z !y ?\ght1 _h revisit$ _! anci5t haunts4 ,!y 7 approa*+ ! h\se :]e ! apo/les 7 dwell+--p]haps t ( ,lois & ,eunice & ,timo?y--:5 ,paul sprang =w>d & deliv]$ a %ort impassion$ address deprecat+ ! ?reat5$ adoration4 ,let u quote ! address 9 ord] t we may see its full =ce3 ,sirs1 :y d ye ^! ?+s8 ,we also are m5 ( l passions ) y1 & br+ y good tid+s1 t ye %\ld turn f ^! va9 ?+s unto ! liv+ ,god1 :o made ! heav5 & ! e>? & ! sea1 & all t 9 !m is3 :o 9 ! g5]ations gone by suff]$ all ! nations to walk 9 _! own ways4 ,& yet ,he left n ,himself )\t witness1 9 t ,he did good1 & gave y f heav5 ra9s & fruitful seasons1 fill+ y\r he>ts ) food & gladness4 ,h[ v diff]5t ,/4 ,paul's words to ! pagans are f ^? he address$ to ! ,jews & proselytes1 believ]s 9 ! true ,god & 9 ! facts ( revelation6 ,he proves himself a born orator1 able to adapt himself to diff]5t classes ( he>]s1 &1 grasp+ _! special ideas & feel+s1 to suit 8 argum5ts to _! v>i\s conditions4 ,/4 ,paul's %ort address on ?is occasion may be comp>$ ) 8 spee* to ! m5 ( ,a!ns1 & ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 & ! v>i\s apologies compos$ by ! e>lie/ advocates ( ,*ri/ianity dur+ ! second c5tury4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,apology ( ,ari/ides1 ( :i* we gave an acc\nt 9 ! preface to ! fir/ volume ( ?is comm5t>y on ! ,acts4 ,we %all f9d1 :5 we exam9e x & comp>e x ) ! v>i\s passages ( ,scripture to :i* we h j ref]r$1 t all run ^u exactly ! same l9es4 ,!y all appeal to ! evid5ce ( nature & ( natural religion4 ,!y say n "o ^w ab\t ,scripture conc]n+ :i* _! he>]s "k no?+4 ,!y are n l unwise ,*ri/ian advocates among ourselves :o ?9k !y c ov]?r[ an infidel ) a text out ( ,scripture1 begg+ ! "q at issue1 ! v po9t to be decid$ be+ ?is1 :e!r !re is su* a ?+ at all z ,scripture4 ,/4 ,paul does ) ! m5 ( ,ly/ra & ! m5 ( ,a!ns :at ,ari/ides did :5 writ+ = ! ,emp]or ,hadrian1 & :at e wise mission>y w /ill d ) ! hea!n or ! unbeliev] ^: salvation he is seek+4 ,! ,apo/le takes up ! gr\nd t is common to himself & 8 he>]s4 ,he %[s !m ! unwor?9ess ( ! conception !y h =m$ ( ! ,godhead4 ,he appeals to ! te/imony ( ,god's works & to ! int]ior witness ( consci5ce prophesy+ p]petually 9 ! secret tab]nacle ( man's he>t1 & ?us appeal+ 9 ,god's behalf to ! et]nal v]ities & evid5ces ( nature ext]ior & int]ior to man1 he v9dicates ! ,div9e au?ority1 glorifies ! ,div9e "*1 & re/ra9s ! caprici\s & ignorant folly ( ! m5 ( ,ly/ra4 #aag ,see ! /ory ( ,philemon & ,baucis z told 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,classical ,biography & ,my?ology4 #aah ,! site ( ,ly/ra & ! fact t x 0 a ,roman colony 7 unkn[n till #ahhd1 :5 ,/]rett discov]$ an inscription :i* asc]ta9$ bo? facts3 see ,ramsay's ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 p4 #ccb1 & ,/]rett's ,epigraph4 ,j\rney1 already quot$1 f ,pap]s ( ,am]ican ,s*ool at ,a!ns1 vol4 iii41 p4 #adb 7,bo/on1 #ahhh74 ,artemas1 "o ( ! sev5ty disciples1 is said to h be5 bi%op ( ,ly/ra3 see ,acta ,sanct41 ,june #bj?1 p4 #fg4 ,la/ly1 we f9d 9 ?is n>rative two typical sugge/ions = ! mission>y activity ( ! ,*ur* 9 e age4 ,! m5 ( ,ly/ra ) m>vell\s facility soon *ang$ _! op9ion conc]n+ ,/4 ,paul4 ,m4 ,rnan has well po9t$ out t to ! pagans ( ^? times a miracle 0 no necess>y pro( ( a ,div9e mission4 ,x 0 j z easily a pro( to !m ( a diabolical or magical p[]4 ,! ,jews1 !re=e1 :o foll[$ ,/4 ,paul1 _h no difficulty 9 p]suad+ ! m5 ( ,ly/ra t ?is assailant ( _! h]$it>y deities 0 a m]e *>latan1 a clev] trick/] mov$ by wick$ p[]s to lead !m a/ray4 ,_! "* & reputation z ,jews1 wor%ipp]s ( "o ,god alone1 w\ld l5d weight to ?is *>ge1 & enable !m ! m easily to effect _! purpose ( kill+ ,/4 ,paul1 9 :i* !y _h fail$ at ,antio* & ,iconium4 ,! fickle mob easily l5t !mselves to ! purposes ( ! ,jews1 & hav+ /on$ ,/4 ,paul dragg$ 8 body outside ! city walls1 ?9k+ him dead4 ,a few fai?ful disciples foll[$ ! cr[d1 h[ev]4 ,p]haps1 too1 ! eir5>* or local police au?ority ) 8 subord9ates _h int]f]$1 & ! riot]s1 appreh5sive ( puni%m5t = _! di/urbance ( ! peace1 _h retir$4#aai ,z ! disciples /ood ar\nd weep+ = ! loss !y _h su/a9$1 ! ,apo/le awoke f ! swoon into :i* he _h fall51 & 0 c>ri$ into ! city by ! fai?ful few1 among :om d\btless 7 ,timo?y & 8 p>5ts4 ,ly/ra1 h[ev]1 0 no long] safe = ,/4 ,paul4 ,he retir$1 !re=e1 "s tw5ty miles to ,d]be1 :]e he cont9u$ = "s "t lab\r+ ) success1 till ! /orm & ! excitem5t _h subsid$ at ,ly/ra4 ,!n he return$ back ov] ! same gr\nd :i* he _h already trav]s$4 ,he might h pu%$ on along ! great ,ea/]n ,road1 nigh z ,d]be 0 to ! passes ?r\gh ! ,taurus ,range :i* l$ directly to ,cilicia & ,t>sus4 ,he wi%$ to g back inde$ to ,antio*4 ,he _h be5 a ye> or s abs5t on ?is fir/ excursion into ! va/ fields ( ,g5tile paganism4 ,wid] & m ext5sive missions _h n[ to be plann$4 ,! wisdom ga9$ by p]sonal exp]i5ce _h n[ to be utilis$ 9 consultation ) ! bre?r54 ,b /ill a "w _h to be done 9 ,lycaonia & ,pisidia if ! results ( 8 lab\rs 7 n to be lo/4 ,he _h quitt$ 9 great ha/e ea* t[n he _h visit$1 =c$ out by p]secution1 & leav+ ! organisation ( ! ,*ur* incomplete4 ,/4 ,paul came1 l 8 ,ma/]1 n m]ely to proclaim a doctr9e3 he came /ill m to f\nd & organise a ,div9e society4 ,he returns !re=e back aga9 along ! r\te he _h fir/ tak54 ,he does n prea* 9 public1 nor run any risks ( rais+ riots anew4 ,8 "w is n[ entirely ( a "* int]ior to ! ,*ur*4 ,he /r5g!ns ! disciples by 8 tea*+1 he po9ts out t e>?ly trials & p]secutions are m>ks ( ,god's love & fav\r r ?an tok5s ( ,8 wra?1 he notes = !m t x is ne$ful ?r\gh _m tribulations to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god1 & above all he secures ! p]man5ce ( 8 "w by orda9+ presbyt]s aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,*ur* at ,antio*1 ) pray] & fa/+ & imposition ( h&s4 ,?is is "o great typical lesson taught u "h by ,/4 ,paul's return j\rney ?r\gh ,ly/ra1 ,iconium1 & ,antio* ( ,pisidia4 ,prea*+ & evangeli/ic "w are important2 b pa/oral "w & ,*ur* consolidation & ,*ur* ord] are equally important1 if any p]man5t fruits are to be g>n]$ & pres]v$4 ,& ! o!r typical lesson is impli$ 9 ! few words :]e9 ! t]m9ation ( 8 fir/ great mission>y j\rney is n>rat$4 ,:5 !y _h spok5 ! ^w 9 ,p]ga1 !y w5t d[n to ,attalia2 & !nce !y sail$ to ,antio*1 f :5ce !y _h be5 committ$ to ! grace ( ,god = ! "w :i* !y _h fulfill$4 #aai ,! ,romans _h a local police 9 ,asia ,m9or1 organis$ aft] ! mann] ( our own local police4 ,! *ief ( ! police 9 ea* t[n 0 call$ ! eir5>*1 & 0 annually appo9t$ by ! proconsul4 ,! ,romans nev] made ! mi/ake ( plac+ ! police 9 ! h&s ( discont5t$ subjects4 ,see1 on ?is curi\s topic1 ,le ,bas & ,wadd+ton's ,voyage ,ar*ologique1 t4 iii41 pp4 #bg & #bee4 ,antio* 0 ! c5tre :5ce ,paul & ,b>nabas _h issu$ =? to prea* among ! ,g5tiles1 & to ,antio* ! apo/les return$ to *e] ! ,*ur* ) ! n>rative ( _! lab\rs & successes1 & to re/ore !mselves & _! exhau/$ p[]s ) ! sweetness ( ,*ri/ian fell[%ip1 ( bro!rly love & k9dness su* z !n fl\ri%$1 z nev] be=e or s9ce1 among/ ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,mission "w su* z ,/4 ,paul did on ?is great t\r is v exhau/+1 & x c always be be/ p]=m$ f a great c5tre4 ,mission "w1 evangeli/ic "w ( any k9d1 if x is to be successful1 makes t]rible dem&s on man's :ole nature1 physical1 m5tal1 spiritual1 & bodily4 ,! be/ re/orative = t nature :5 s exhau/$ is conv]sation & int]c\rse ) m5 ( l m9ds1 su* z ,/4 ,paul f\nd :51 return+ to ,antio*1 he *e]$ ! he>ts & enc\rag$ ! hopes ( ! ,*ur* by n>rat+ ! wond]s he _h se5 done & ! triumphs he _h se5 won ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/4#abj #abj ,x has (t5 be5 argu$ t ! gift ( tongues conf]r$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ at ,p5teco/ 0 n necess>y1 z ,greek 0 univ]sally spok5 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,! use ( ! ,lycaonian tongue at ,ly/ra1 ev5 ?\gh a ,roman colony1 is an important fact on ! o!r side4 ,mr4 ,ramsay1 9 8 ,hi/4 ,geog4 ( ,asia ,m9or1 says2 ,greek 0 n ! popul> language ( ! plateau1 ev5 9 ! ?ird c5tury aft] ,*ri/2 ! mass ( ! p spoke ,lycaonian & ,galatian & ,phrygian1 ?\gh ^? :o wrote books wrote ,greek & ^? :o gov]n$ spoke ,lat94 ,cf4 pp4 #ih1 #ii ( ,mr4 ,ramsay's "w1 & p4 #ajc ( ! previ\s volume ( ?is comm5t>y4 ,?is subject ( ! orig9al languages ( ,asia ,m9or & _! survival to ,*ri/ian times is an int]e/+ & novel subject ( /udy1 = :i* mat]ials are gradually accumulat+4 ,?us ! anci5t ,cappadocian language is discuss$ & a lexicon ( x compil$ 9 a monograph :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,evangelical s*ool at ,smyrna 7#ahhj-hd71 pp4 #dg-bfe4 ,a l>ge numb] ( inscriptions 9 ! ,phrygian language h also be5 recov]$4 ,/4 ,paul1 address+ ! natives ( ! c5tral plateau ( ,asia ,m9or 9 ,greek1 w\ld h be5 l an ,engli%man prea*+ to ! inhabitants ( ,wales or ( ,connem>a 9 ,engli%4 ,i nev] he>d ( any p[]ful results ?us foll[+1 save 9 ! case ( ,giraldus ,cambr5sis :o tells u 9 8 ,it9]>y 9 ,wales ( ! melt+ "* ( 8 own ,lat9 s]mons ^u ! ,wel% p1 ?\gh !y did n und]/& a ^w ( !m4 ,b !n ,giraldus 01 to say ! lea/1 an imag9ative hi/orian4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,*ri/ian ,,c\ncil4 ,& c]ta9 m5 came d[n f ,juda & taught ! bre?r51 say+1 ,except ye be circumcis$ aft] ! cu/om ( ,moses1 ye _c be sav$4 ,& :5 ,paul & ,b>nabas _h no small diss5sion & que/ion+ ) !m1 ! bre?r5 appo9t$ t ,paul & ,b>nabas1 & c]ta9 o!r ( !m1 %\ld g up to ,j]usalem unto ! apo/les & eld]s ab\t ?is "q4444 ,& ! apo/les & ! eld]s 7 ga!r$ toge!r to consid] ( ?is matt]4444 ,james said1 ,my judgm5t is1 t we tr\ble n !m :i* f among ! ,g5tiles turn to ,god4--,,acts xv4 #a1 #b1 #f1 #ai4 ,i h head$ ?is *apt]1 :i* treats ( ,acts xv4 & its incid5ts1 ! ,fir/ ,*ri/ian ,c\ncil1 & t ( set purpose & foll[+ em95t ecclesia/ical example4 ,p (t5 he> ! canons ( ! great ,c\ncils quot$1 ! canons ( ,nice1 ,con/ant9ople1 ,ephesus1 & ,*alc$on1 ^? great assemblies :i* ?re%$ out ! controv]sies conc]n+ ! p]son & nature ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & det]m9$ ) m>vell\s precision ! me?ods ( express+ ! true doctr9e on ^! po9ts1 & !y wond] :]e or h[ su* anci5t docum5ts h be5 pres]v$4 ,well1 ! answ] is simple en\gh4 ,if any read]1 curi\s ab\t ! do+s ( ^! anci5t assemblies1 desires to /udy ! decrees :i* proce$$ f !m1 & ev5 ! debates :i* occurr$ 9 !m1 he ne$ only ask 9 any great libr>y = a hi/ory ( ! ,c\ncils1 edit$ ei!r by ,h>d\9 or ,labbe & ,coss>t1 or1 be/ & late/ ( all1 by ,mansi4 ,!y are n ext]nally v attractive volumes1 be+ va/ folios2 nor are !y light or int]e/+ read+4 ,! indu/ri\s /ud5t w le>n mu* f !m1 h[ev]2 & he w f9d t !y all beg9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,c\ncils by plac+ at ! v head & =efront !re( ! hi/ory & acts ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,j]usalem held ab\t ! ye> #dh or #di ,a4,d41 :]e9 we f9d a typical example ( a ,*ur* synod :i* set a fa%ion p]petuat$ ?r\gh\t ! ages 9 c\ncils1 conf]5ces1 & congresses d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,let u inquire !n into ! orig91 ! proc$ure1 & ! results ( ?is ,assembly1 sure t a c\ncil conduct$ "u su* auspices1 report$ by su* a div9ely guid$ hi/orian1 & deal+ ) su* burn+ que/ions1 mu/ h important lessons = ! ,*ur* ( e age4#aba #aba ,mansi1 ,a4,d4 #afib-agfi1 0 ,ar*bi%op ( ,lucca4 ,he 0 a v le>n$ man4 ,besides valuable editions ( o!r m5's works he publi%$ 8 ,s>corum ,conciliorum ,collectio 9 ?irty-"o vols4 folio1 ,flor5ce & ,v5ice1 #agei-ih4 ,mansi fixes ! date ( ! ,j]usalem ,synod ei!r to #di or #ea ,a4,d4 ,he c\nts x ! ?ird synod1 reg>d+ z ! fir/ synod t held = ! election ( ,mat?ias1 & z ! second t assembl$ = ! *oice ( ! deacons4 ,i4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 naturally meets u at ! v ?re%old ( our inquiry z to ! date ( ?is assembly1 & ! position :i* x holds 9 ! process ( developm5t ?r\gh :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 pass+4 ,! decision ( ?is ,synod at ,j]usalem did n f9ally settle ! que/ions ab\t ! law & its obligatory "*4 ,! relations betwe5 ! ,jewi% & ,g5tile sections ( ! ,*ur* cont9u$ 9 "s places1 especially 9 ! ,ea/1 m or less unsettl$ well into ! second c5tury2 = ! ,jews f\nd x v h>d inde$ to surr5d] all _! *]i%$ privileges & anci5t national di/9ctions4 ,b ! decree ( ! ,j]usalem ,assembly1 ?\gh only a p>tial settlem5t1 m]e articles ( peace1 z x has be5 well call$1 to tide ov] a press+ local controv]sy1 =m$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's h&s a p[]ful weapon :]eby ! fre$om1 ! unity1 & ! ca?olicity ( ! ,*ur* 0 f9ally a*iev$4 ,:]e1 !n1 d we locate ?is ,synod 9 ! /ory ( ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs8 ,! n>rative ( ! ,acts cle>ly en\gh places x betwe5 ! fir/ & ! second mission>y t\rs 9 ,asia ,m9or und]tak5 by t apo/le4 ,paul & ,b>nabas lab\r$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,asia ,m9or probably f ! autumn ( #dd till ! spr+ or summ] ( #df4 ,_! "w at t "t mu/ h ext5d$ ov] at lea/ eighte5 mon?s or m4 ,_! j\rneys on foot mu/ alone h tak5 up no small "t4 ,!y trav]s$ f ,p]ga1 :]e !y l&$1 to ,d]be1 :5ce !y turn$ back ^u _! "w1 a space ( at lea/ two hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,!y made l5g!n$ soj\rns 9 l>ge cities l ,antio* & ,iconium4 ,!y d\btless visit$ o!r places ( :i* we are told no?+4 ,!n1 hav+ complet$ _! aggressive "w1 !y retrac$ _! /eps along ! same r\te1 & began _! "w ( consolidation & ,*ur* organisation1 :i* mu/ h occupi$ on _! return j\rney almo/ z mu*1 if n m1 "t t !y _h sp5t 9 aggressive lab\r ^u _! e>li] j\rney4 ,:5 we consid] all ?is1 & /rive to realise ! conditions ( life & travel 9 ,asia ,m9or at t "t1 eighte5 mon?s w n appe> too long = ! "w :i* ! apo/les actually p]=m$4 ,aft] _! return to ,antio* !y took up _! abode 9 t city = a consid]able p]iod4 ,!y t>ri$ no little "t ) ! disciples are ! exact words ( ,/4 ,luke tell+ ( _! /ay at ,antio*4 ,!n comes ! tale ( ,jewi% intrigues & ins9uations1 foll[$ by debates1 /rife1 & oppositions conc]n+ ! univ]sally b9d+ "* ( ! ,jewi% law1 t]m9at+ ) ! =mal deputation f ,antio* to ,j]usalem4 ,^! latt] ev5ts at ,antio* may h happ5$ 9 a few weeks or mon?s1 or !y may h ext5d$ ov] a c\ple ( ye>s4 ,b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 we note t ,/4 ,paul's second mission>y j\rney began soon aft] ! ,synod ( ,j]usalem4 ,t j\rney 0 v l5g!n$4 ,x l$ ,/4 ,paul "r ?r\gh ,asia ,m9or1 & !nce into ,europe1 :]e he mu/ h made a /ay ( at lea/ two ye>s4 ,he 0 at ,cor9? = eighte5 mon?s :5 ,gallio arriv$ z proconsul ab\t ! middle ( ! ye> #ec1 & previ\sly to t he _h work$ 8 way ?r\gh ,mac$onia & ,greece4 ,/4 ,paul on 8 second t\r mu/ h be5 !n at lea/ f\r ye>s abs5t f ,antio*1 :i* he mu/ !re=e h left ab\t ! ye> #di or #ej4 ,! ,synod ( ,j]usalem mu/ !re=e be assign$ to ! ye> #dh ,a4,d4 or !reab\ts2 or1 9 o!r words1 n q tw5ty ye>s aft] ! ,crucifixion4 ,,ii4 ,& n[ ?is leads u to consid] ! occasion ( ! ,synod4 ,! "t 0 n1 z we h said1 q tw5ty ye>s aft] ! ,crucifixion1 yet t brief space _h be5 q suffici5t to raise que/ions undreamt ( 9 e>li] days4 ,! ,*ur* 0 at fir/ completely homog5e\s1 its memb]s be+ all ,jews2 b ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles & ! action ( ,/4 ,pet] 9 ! matt] ( ,cornelius _h de/roy$ ?is *>act]i/ic s de> to ! ,jewi% he>t4 ,! ,div9e revelation at ,joppa to ,/4 ,pet] & ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/ to ,cornelius _h = a "t qu5*$ ! opposition to ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles to baptism2 b1 z we h already said1 ! extreme ,jewi% p>ty 7 only sil5c$ = a "t1 !y 7 n de/roy$4 ,!y took up a new position4 ,! case ( ,cornelius m]ely decid$ t a man might be baptiz$ )\t hav+ be5 previ\sly circumcis$2 b x decid$ no?+ 9 _! op9ion ab\t ! subsequ5t necessity = circumcision & admission into ! ranks ( ! ,jewi% nation4 ,_! view1 9 fact1 0 ! same z ( old4 ,salvation belong$ exclusively to ! ,jewi% nation1 & !re=e if ! conv]t$ ,g5tiles 7 to be sav$ x mu/ be by incorporation into t body to :i* salvation alone belong$4 ,! /rict ,jewi% section ( ! ,*ur* insi/$ ! m ^u ?is po9t1 because !y saw ris+ up 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*1 & else:]e among ! ,*ur*es ( ,syria & ,cilicia1 a grave social dang] ?reat5+ ! exi/5ce ( _! nation z a sep>ate p4 ,!re 7 j !n two classes ( disciples 9 ^! ,*ur*es4 ,!re 7 disciples :o liv$ aft] ! ,jewi% fa%ion1--ab/a9+ f unlawful foods1 us+ food sla9 by ,jewi% but*]s1 & scrupul\s 9 wa%+s & lu/rations2 & !re 7 ,g5tiles :o liv$ aft] ! ,g5tile fa%ion1 & 9 especial ate pork & ?+s /rangl$4 ,! /rict ,jews knew "r well ! t5d5cy ( a majority to swall[ up a m9ority1 specially :5 !y 7 all memb]s ( ! same religi\s community1 enjoy+ ! same privileges & p>tak]s ( ! same hope4 ,a majority does n inde$ necess>ily absorb a m9ority4 ,roman ,ca?olicism is ! religion ( ! majority 9 ,irel& & ,france2 yet x has n absorb$ ! small ,prote/ant m9ority4 ,! adh]5ts ( ,judaism 7 scatt]$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's day all ov] ! _w1 yet ,paganism _h n swall[$ !m up4 ,9 ^! cases1 h[ev]1 ! m9ority h be5 completely sep>at$ f ! majority by a middle wall1 a b>ri] ( rigid discipl9e1 & ( /rong1 yea1 ev5 viol5t religi\s repugnance4 ,b ! prospect n[ be=e ! /rict ,jewi% p>ty 0 q diff]5t4 ,9 ! ,syrian ,*ur* z !y beheld x gr[+ up ,jew & ,g5tile w\ld be closely l9k$ toge!r1 pr(ess+ ! same fai?1 say+ ! same pray]s1 jo9+ 9 ! same sacram5ts1 wor%ipp+ 9 ! same build+s4 ,all ! advantages1 too1 w\ld be on ! side ( ! ,g5tile4 ,he 0 fre$ f ! tr\blesome re/rictions--! m tr\blesome because s petty & m9ute--( ! ,levitical ,law4 ,he c\ld eat :at he lik$1 & jo9 9 social conv]se & g5]al life )\t hesitation or fe>4 ,9 a %ort "t a ,jewi% disciple w\ld come to ask himself1 ,:at d ,i ga9 by all ^! obs]vances1 ?is yoke ( ord9ances1 :i* nei!r we nor our fa!rs h be5 able p]fectly to be>8 ,if a ,g5tile disciple c be sav$ )\t !m1 :y %\ld ,i tr\ble myself ) !m8 ,! ,jewi% p>ty saw cle>ly en\gh t tol]ation ( ! pres5ce ( ! ,g5tiles 9 ! ,*ur* & _! admission to full communion & complete ,*ri/ian privileges simply involv$ ! c]ta9 ov]?r[ ( ,jewi% cu/oms1 ,jewi% privileges1 & ,jewi% national expectations4 ,!y saw t x 0 a case ( w> to ! dea?1 "o p>ty or ! o!r mu/ conqu]1 & !re=e 9 self-def5ce !y rais$ ! cry1 ,unless ! ,g5tile conv]ts be circumcis$ aft] ! mann] ( ,moses !y _c be sav$4 ,antio* 0 recognis$ at ,j]usalem z ! c5tre ( ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity4 ,c]ta91 !re=e1 ( ! zeal\s1 ,judais+ disciples ( ,j]usalem repair$ to ,antio*1 jo9$ ! ,*ur*1 & secretly proce$$ to organise opposition to ! dom9ant practice1 us+ = t purpose all ! au?ority connect$ ) ! "n ( ,james ! ,"l's bro!r1 :o presid$ ov] ! ,"m ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,city4 ,n[ let u see :at position ,/4 ,paul took up ) respect to ^! false bre?r5 privily br\ght 91 :o came 9 privily to spy out ! lib]ty he enjoy$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,paul & ,b>nabas bo? set !mselves undaunt$ly to fight aga9/ su* tea*+4 ,!y _h se5 & kn[n ! spiritual life :i* fl\ri%$ free f all ,jewi% obs]vances 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,!y _h se5 ! gospel br++ =? ! fruits ( purity & fai?1 ( joy & peace 9 ! ,holy ,gho/2 !y knew t ^! ?+s prep>e ! s\l = ! beatific vision ( ,god1 & conf] a pres5t salvation "h bel[2 & !y c\ld n tol]ate ! idea t a ,jewi% c]emony 0 necess>y ov] & above ! life :i* ,*ri/ conf]s if m5 are to ga9 f9al salvation4 ,"h1 p]haps1 is ! prop] place to set =? ,/4 ,paul's view ( circumcision & ( all ext]nal ,jewi% ord9ances1 z we ga!r x f a broad review ( 8 writ+s4 ,/4 ,paul vigor\sly oppos$ all ^? :o taught ! necessity ( ,jewi% rites s f> z salvation is conc]n$4 ,?is is evid5t f ?is *apt] & f ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,/4 ,paul _h n ! slighte/ objection to m5 obs]v+ ! law & submitt+ to circumcision1 if !y only realis$ t ^! ?+s 7 m]e national cu/oms & obs]v$ !m z national cu/oms1 & ev5 z religi\s rites1 b n z necess>y religi\s rites4 ,if m5 took a "r view ( circumcision1 ,/4 ,paul _h n ! slighte/ objection to x4 ,x 0 n to circumcision ,/4 ,paul object$1 b to ! extreme /ress laid ^u x1 ! intol]ant views connect$ ) x4 ,circumcision z a volunt>y practice1 an int]e/+ hi/orical relic ( anci5t ideas & cu/oms1 he nev] reject$1--nay1 fur!r1 he ev5 practis$ x1 z we %all see 9 ! case ( ,timo?y2 circumcision z a compulsory practice b9d+ ^u all m5 ,/4 ,paul utt]ly abhorr$4 ,we may1 p]haps1 draw an illu/ration f a mod]n ,*ur* 9 ?is respect4 ,! ,coptic & ,abyss9ian ,*ur*es reta9 ! anci5t ,jewi% practice ( circumcision4 ,^! ,*ur*es date back to ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian times1 & reta9 d\btless 9 ?is respect ! practice ( ! primitive ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! ,copts circumcise _! *ildr5 on ! eigh? day & be=e !y are baptiz$2 b !y reg>d ?is rite z a m]e national cu/om1 & treat x z absolutely devoid ( any religi\s mean+1 significance1 or necessity4 ,/4 ,paul w\ld h _h no objection to circumcision 9 ?is aspect any m ?an he w\ld h object$ to a ,turk = we>+ a fez1 or a ,*9aman = we>+ a pigtail1 or a ,h9doo = we>+ a turban4 ,national cu/oms z su* 7 ?+s absolutely indiff]5t 9 8 view4 ,b if ,turki% or ,*9ese ,*ri/ians 7 to insi/ ^u all m5 we>+ _! peculi> dress & obs]v+ _! peculi> national cu/oms z be+ ?+s absolutely necess>y to salvation1 ,/4 ,paul1 7 he alive1 w\ld d5\nce & oppose !m z vigor\sly z he did ! ,judais]s ( 8 own day4#abb #abb ,we miss ! true /&po9t :5ce to judge ,/4 ,paul's conduct aright1 :5 we ?9k z p g5]ally d t ,/4 ,paul oppos$ circumcision p] se4 ,he simply oppos$ x :5 connect$ ) wrong ideas4 ,! ,judais+ disciples view$ ! ,jewi% nation z ! cov5ant p to :om alone salvation belong$4 ,/4 ,paul view$ ! ,*ur* z ! body to :om alone salvation belong$1 admission to :i* 0 ga9$ by baptism4 ,if any ,*ri/ian hold+ ,/4 ,paul's view *ose to add any private c]emony su* z circumcision 9 ord] to ga9 admission into any human society1 ,/4 ,paul w\ld n h oppos$ him any m ?an1 if he 7 n[ alive1 he w\ld h oppos$ or d5\nc$ a ,*ri/ian man because he became a ,freemason1 or an ,orangeman1 or jo9$ ! ,oddfell[s1 obs]v+ ! special c]emonies appo9t$ = admission4 ,! ne>e/ approa* 9 lat] times to ! position tak5 up by ! /rict ,jewi% p>ty w be f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ival mona/icism4 ,! ,ci/]cians & subsequ5tly ! ,m5dicant ,ord]s endeav\r$ to p]suade e p]son t e "o :o wi%$ to be sav$ mu/ jo9 _! ,ord]s & assume _! peculi> dress4 ,on ?is acc\nt ,fitz ,ralph1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,armagh1 & 8 fri5d ,wickliffe d5\nc$ !m mo/ vigor\sly4 ,i h giv5 "s amus+ in/ances ( ! opposition to ! ,ci/]cians evok$ two c5turies e>li] by simil> claims 9 ,irel& & ! ,anglo-,norman ,*ur*1 p4 #db4 ,?is is ! explanation ( ,/4 ,paul's own conduct4 ,"s h reg>d$ him z at times inconsi/5t ) 8 own pr9ciples ) reg>d to ! law ( ,moses4 ,& yet if m5 w b look clos] & ?9k m deeply1 !y w see t ,/4 ,paul nev] violat$ ! rules :i* he _h impos$ ^u himself4 ,he refus$ to circumcise ,titus1 = in/ance1 because ! ,judais+ p>ty at ,j]usalem 7 insi/+ ^u ! absolute necessity ( circumcis+ ! ,g5tiles if !y 7 to be sav$4 ,_h ,/4 ,paul cons5t$ to ! circumcision ( ,titus1 he w\ld h be5 yield+ ass5t1 or seem+ to yield ass5t1 to _! cont5tion 7see ,gal4 ii4 #c74 ,he circumcis$ ,timo?y at ,ly/ra because ( ! ,jews 9 t neighb\rhood2 n inde$ because !y ?\ght x necess>y to salvation t an uncircumcis$ man %\ld be s treat$1 b because !y knew t 8 "m 0 a ,jewess1 & ! pr9ciple ( ! ,jewi% law1 & ( ! ,roman law too1 0 t a man's nationality & /atus foll[$ t ( 8 "m1 n t ( 8 fa!r1 s t ! son ( a ,jewess mu/ be incorporat$ ) ,israel4 ,timo?y 0 circumcis$ 9 ob$i5ce to national law & cu/om n ^u any compromise ( religi\s pr9ciple4 ,/4 ,paul himself made a v[ & cut (f 8 hair & (f]$ sacrifices 9 ! ,temple z be+ ! national cu/oms ( a ,jew4 ,^! 7 ?+s 9 !mselves utt]ly mean+less & indiff]5t2 b !y pleas$ o!r p4 ,!y co/ him a little "t & tr\ble2 b !y help$ on ! great "w he _h 9 h&1 & t5d$ to make 8 oppon5ts m will+ to li/5 to him4 ,/4 ,paul1 !re=e1 ) 8 great l>ge m9d1 will+ to please o!rs = _! good to edification1 gratifi$ !m by do+ :at !y ?\ght became a ,jew ) a true national _s beat+ )9 8 brea/4 ,m]e ext]nals matt]$ no?+ 9 ,/4 ,paul's e/imation4 ,he w\ld we> any ve/m5ts1 or take any position1 or use any c]emony1 e/eem+ !m all ?+s indiff]5t1 provid$ only !y conciliat$ human prejudices & cle>$ difficulties out ( ! way ( ! tru?4 ,b if m5 insi/$ ^u !m z ?+s necess>y1 !n he oppos$ ) all 8 might4 ,?is is ! gold5 ?read :i* w rule our foot/eps w&]+ amid ! mazes ( ?is e>lie/ ,*ri/ian controv]sy4 ,x w amply v9dicate ,/4 ,paul's consi/5cy1 & %[ t he nev] violat$ ! pr9ciples he _h laid d[n = 8 own guidance4 ,_h ! _s ( ,/4 ,paul animat$ ! ,*ur* ( succe$+ ages1 h[ _m a controv]sy & division w\ld h be5 !reby escap$6#abc #abc ,i h (t5 not$ :at ,i consid] an unfair use ( ?is controv]sy & ( ,/4 ,paul's position 9 x4 ,m5 9 ! heat ( argum5t h repres5t$ ! ,high ,*ur*1 or r ! s-call$ ,rituali/s 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 z answ]+ to ! ,judais]s ( ,/4 ,paul's day4 ,!re seems to me1 h[ev]1 no p>allel betwe5 !m4 ,! ,judais]s cont5d$ = a c]ta9 c]emony z necess>y to salvation4 ,i nev] he>d ( any ,rituali/ :o consid]$ any ( 8 de>e/ practices 9 ?is light4 ,he may view !m z lawful1 z edify+1 & v necess>y = ! in/ruction ( ! p2 b ,i h nev] he>d ( _! mo/ extreme adh]5ts cont5d+ = _! necessity to salvation4 ,x w\ld be j z true to id5tify _! oppon5ts ) ! ,judais]s1 because !y h insi/$1 & (t5 ) great vig\r1 ^u ! use ( ! black g[n 9 ! pulpit4 ,i h kn[n extreme m5 to take up ! position t ! gospel c\ld n be prea*$ :]e ! black g[n 0 n us$4 ,any "o :o w take ! tr\ble to read ! ,life ( ,bi%op ,blomfield ( ,london1 edit$ by 8 son1 vol4 ii41 w see "s /rik+ illu/rations ( ! ext5t to :i* su* views 7 pu%$ half a c5tury ago4 ,,iii4 ,n[ let u turn our att5tion to ! actual hi/ory ( ! controv]sy & /rife :i* rag$ at ,antio* & ,j]usalem1 & endeav\r to read ! lessons ! sacr$ n>rative tea*es4 ,:at a /rik+ picture ( e>ly ,*ur* life is "h pres5t$6 ,h[ full ( tea*+1 ( com=t1 & ( w>n+6 ,h[ corrective ( ! false notions we are apt to *]i% ( ! /ate ( ! primitive ,*ur*6 ,!re we behold ! ,*ur* ( ,antio* rejoic+ "o day 9 ! tid+s ( a gospel free to ! _w1 & on ! next day torn ) diss5sion z to ! po9ts & qualifications necess>y to salvation4 ,= we mu/ obs]ve t ! discussion />t$ at ,antio* t\*$ no second>y "q1 & dealt ) no m]e po9t ( ritual4 ,x 0 a fundam5tal "q :i* tr\bl$ ! ,*ur*4 ,& yet t ,*ur* _h apo/les & tea*]s abid+ 9 x :o c\ld "w miracles & speak ) tongues1 & :o receiv$ f "t to "t direct revelations f heav51 & 7 end[$ ) ! extraord9>y pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,yet !re x 0 t controv]sy ) all its tr\bles rais$ its head1 & ,paul & ,b>nabas _h no small diss5sion ) _! oppon5ts4 ,:at a necess>y w>n+ = e age1 & specially = our own1 we behold 9 ?is n>rative6 ,has n ?is sacr$ ,book a message 9 ?is passage specially applicable to our own "t8 ,a great ,romew>d movem5t has )9 ! la/ sev5ty ye>s1 m p[]ful 9 ! e>li] portion ( t p]iod ?an 9 ! latt]1 ext5d$ itself ov] ,europe4 ,engli% p ?9k t !y h !mselves be5 ! only p]sons :o h exp]i5c$ x4 ,b ?is is a great mi/ake4 ,g]many =ty & fifty ye>s ago felt x also to a l>ge ext5t4 ,& :at 0 ! great pr$ispos+ cause ( t t5d5cy8 ,m5 _h simply become tir$ ( ! p]petual controv]sies :i* rag$ )9 ! *ur*es & communions outside ! sway ( ,rome4 ,!y long$ = ! p]petual peace & re/ :i* seem$ to !m to exi/ )9 ! ,papal doma9s1 & !y !re=e flung !mselves headlong into ! arms ( a ,*ur* :i* promis$ !m relief f ! ex]cise ( t private judgm5t & p]sonal responsibility :i* _h become = !m a cru%+ burd5 too heavy to be borne4 ,& yet !y =got sev]al ?+s1 ! sudd5 discov]y ( :i* has s5t _m ( ^! intellectual & spiritual c[>ds 9 v>i\s directions1 "s back to _! orig9al homes1 "s f> away into ! regions ( scepticism & spiritual d>kness4 ,!y =got1 = in/ance1 to inquire h[ f> ! *>m] :o 0 allur+ !m f ! l& ( _! nativity by speci\s promises c\ld satisfy ! hopes %e 0 rais+4 ,!y hop$ to get rid ( diss5sion & controv]sy2 b did !y8 ,:5 !y _h left _! *ildhood's home & _! fa!r's h\se & s\ght ! h\se ( ! /rang]1 did !y f9d !re halcyon peace8 ,nay1 r did !y n f9d !re z bitt] /rife1 nay1 f> m bitt] /rife1 on que/ions l ! ,immaculate ,conception & ,papal ,infallibility ?an ev] rag$ at home8 ,did !y n f9d1 & d !y n f9d /ill1 t no man & no society c put a hook 9 ! jaws ( t ,levia?an1 ! "r ( private judgm5t1 :i* none c tame or re/ra91 & :i* ass]ts itself /ill 9 ! ,roman ,communion z vigor\sly z ev] ev5 n[ :5 ! decree ( ,papal infallibility has elevat$ t dogma into ! rank ( ^? necess>y to salvation8 ,else :5ce come ^? diss5sions & discussions betwe5 m9imis]s & maximis]s ( t decree8 ,h[ is x t no two doctors or !ologians w give precisely ! same explanation ( x1 & t1 z we 9 ,irel& h se51 e curate fre% f ,maynoo? claims to be able to express 8 own private judgm5t & det]m9ation :e!r any special ,papal decree or bull is b9d+ or n8#abd ,?is is "o important po9t =gott5 by ^? :o h s\ght ! ,roman ,communion because ( its promises ( fre$om f controv]sy4 ,!y =got to ask1 ,c ^! promises be fulfill$8 ,& _m ( !m1 9 ! p]petual unre/ & /rife 9 :i* !y h f\nd !mselves involv$ z mu* 9 _! new home z 9 _! old1 h prov$ ! speci\s hopes held out to be ! v]ie/ mirage ( ! ,sah>a des]t4 ,b ?is 0 n ! only omission ( :i* su* p]sons 7 guilty4 ,!y =got t1 suppose ! ,roman ,*ur* c\ld fulfil its promises & prove a religi\s home ( p]fect peace & fre$om f div]g+ op9ions1 x w\ld 9 t case h be5 v unlike ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,antio* or ( ,j]usalem1 enjoy+ ! m9i/ry ( ,pet] & ,john & ,james & ,paul1--^! pill>-m51 z ,/4 ,paul calls "s ( !m1--0 mu* m l ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ( fifty ye>s ago ?an any society :i* (f]$ p]fect fre$om f !ological /rife2 = ! ,*ur*es ( anci5t times 9 _! e>lie/ & pure/ days 7 swept by ! w9ds ( controv]sy & toss$ by ! tempe/s ( intellectual & religi\s inquiry j l ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & !y took exactly ! same measures = ! safety ( ! s\ls entru/$ to !m z %e did4 ,!y dep5d$ ^u ! p[] ( free debate1 ( unlimit$ discussion1 ( e>ne/ pray]1 ( ,*ri/ian *>ity to c>ry !m on till !y rea*$ t hav5 ( re/ :]e e d\bt & "q %all be p]fectly solv$ 9 ! light ( ! unveil$ vision ( ,god4 #abd ,! conduct ( ! ,romi% cl]gy 9 ,irel& :5 ! ,papal rescripts 7 issu$ conc]n+ ! ,p>nell tribute1 boycott+1 & ! ,plan ( ! ,campaign 0 an amus+ comm5t>y on _! view ( ,papal ,infallibility4 ,any "o :o w take ! tr\ble to se>* ! columns ( ! ,freeman's ,j\rnal at t "t w see h[ freely curates ev5 criticis$ ! ,papal infallible utt]ances4 ,"o ( !m rem>k$ to me at ! "t1 ,i ?9k we h taught ! old g5tleman a lesson he w n =get1 ref]r+ to ! ,papal rescripts4 ,infallibility is v good s long z x is ) u1 b :5 aga9/ u x becomes v fallible4 ,su* is cle>ly ! view ( ,iri% ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,!n1 aga91 we le>n ano!r important lesson f a consid]ation ( ! p]sons :o rais$ ! tr\ble at ,antio*4 ,! op5+ words ( ! fifte5? *apt] ?us describes ! au?ors ( x3 ,c]ta9 m5 came d[n f ,juda4 ,x is j ! same ) ! p]sons :o a %ort "t aft] compell$ ,/4 ,pet] to /agg] 9 8 c\rse at ! same ,antio*3 ,:5 c]ta9 came f ,james1 !n ,/4 ,pet] sep>at$ himself1 fe>+ !m ( ! circumcision 7,gal4 ii4 #ab74 ,c]ta9 bigots1 t is1 ( ! ,jewi% p>ty1 came1 pret5d+ to tea* ) ! au?ority ( ! ,"m ,*ur*1 & secretly di/urb+ weak m9ds4 ,b !y 7 only pret5d]s1 z ! apo/olic ,epi/le expressly tells u3 ,=asmu* z we h he>d1 t c]ta9 :i* w5t out f u h tr\bl$ y ) words1 subv]t+ y\r s\ls2 444 to :om we gave no su* comm&m5t4 ,^! religi\s agitators1 ) _! n>r[ views ab\t life & ritual1 display$ ! *>act]i/ics ( l-m9d$ m5 ev] s9ce4 ,!y secretly crept into ! ,*ur*4 ,!re 0 a want ( manly hone/y ab\t !m4 ,_! pett9ess ( vision & ( ?\ght affect$ _! :ole nature1 _! entire conduct4 ,!y lov$ ! by-ways ( intrigue & fraud1 & !re=e !y hesitat$ n to claim an au?ority :i* !y _h nev] receiv$1 invok+ apo/olic names on behalf ( a doctr9e :i* ! apo/les _h nev] sanction$4 ,! *>act]i/ics ?us display$ by ^! ,judais]s h ev] be5 se5 9 _! legitimate desc5dants 9 e *ur* & society1 ,ea/ & ,we/ alike4 ,n>r[ness ( m9d1 pett9ess & intol]ance 9 ?\ght1 h ev] br\ght _! own p5alty ) !m & h ev] be5 connect$ ) ! same want ( moral uprightness4 ,! mis]able conception1 ! wret*$ fragm5t ( tru? ^u :i* su* m5 seize1 elevat+ x out ( its due place & rank1 seems to de/roy _! s5se ( proportion1 & leads !m to ?9k x wor? any lie :i* !y may tell1 any brea* ( ,*ri/ian *>ity ( :i* !y may be guilty1 any sacrifice ( tru? & hone/y :i* !y may make on behalf ( _! belov$ idol4 ,! ,judais]s misrepres5t$ religi\s tru?1 & 9 do+ s !y misrepres5t$ !mselves1 & sacrific$ ! great int]e/s ( moral tru? 9 ord] t !y might ga9 _! ends4 ,,iv4 ,! di/ractions & controv]sies ( ,antio* 7 ov]rul$1 h[ev]1 by ! ,div9e provid5ce to ! great] glory ( ,god4 ,z ! ,judais]s cont9ually appeal$ to ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem1 ! bre?r5 at ,antio* det]m9$ to s5d to t body & ask ! op9ion ( ! apo/les & eld]s ^u ?is "q4 ,!y !re=e despat*$ ,paul & ,b>nabas & c]ta9 o!r ( !m1 among :om 0 ,titus1 an uncircumcis$ ,g5tile conv]t1 z a deputation to repres5t _! own views4 ,:5 !y came to ,j]usalem ! ,antio*5e deputies held a s]ies ( private conf]5ces ) ! lead+ m5 ( ,j]usalem4 ,?is we le>n1 n f ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 b f ,/4 ,paul's indep5d5t n>rative 9 ,galatians ii41 id5tify+ z we d ! visit !re record$ ) ! visit n>rat$ 9 ,acts xv4#abe ,/4 ,paul "h exhibits all t tact & prud5ce we ev] trace 9 8 "*4 ,he did n dep5d solely ^u 8 own au?ority1 8 reputation1 8 success4 ,he felt )9 himself ! consci\s guidance ( ! ,div9e ,_s aid+ & guid+ a s+ul>ly cle> & p[]ful m9d4 ,yet he disda9$ no legitimate precaution4 ,he knew t ! pres5ce & guidance ( ! ,_s does n absolve a man anxi\s = ! tru? f us+ all ! means 9 8 p[] to ensure its success4 ,he recognis$ t ! tru?1 ?\gh x mu/ f9ally triumph1 might be eclips$ or defeat$ = a "t ?r\gh man's neglect & c>elessness2 & !re=e he engag$ 9 a s]ies ( private conf]5ces1 expla9+ difficulties1 conciliat+ ! support1 & ga9+ ! assi/ance ( ! mo/ influ5tial memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 includ+1 ( c\rse1 ,james1 ,cephas1 & ,john1 :o 7 reput$ to be pill>s4 #abe ,! read] %\ld consult :at ,mr4 ,f9dlay has writt5 on ?is po9t 9 8 ,galatians1 *s4 vi4 & vii41 pp4 #ib-aab4 ,is !re n some?+ v mod]n 9 ! glimpse ?us giv5 u ( ! negotiations & private meet+s :i* prec$$ ! =mal meet+ ( ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil8 ,"s p]sons may ?9k t ! pres5ce & p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/ mu/ h sup]s$$ all su* human arrangem5ts & =e?\ght4 ,b ! simple te/imony ( ! ,bible dispels at once all su* objections1 & %[s u t z ! primitive ,*ur* 0 j l ! mod]n ,*ur*1 torn ) diss5sion1 swept ) ! w9ds & /orms ( controv]sy1 s too ! div9ely guid$ & inspir$ lead]s ( ! ,*ur* !n took precisely ! same human means to atta9 _! ends & c>ry out _! views ( tru? z n[ f9d place 9 ! meet+s ( synods & convocations & p>liam5ts ( ! pres5t "t4 ,! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/ did n disp5se ) ! necessity ( human ex]tions 9 ! days ( ! apo/les2 & surely we may1 on ! o!r h&1 believe t simil> human ex]tions 9 our "t may be q consonant ) ! pres5ce ( ! ,_s 9 our mod]n assemblies1 ov]rul+ & guid+ human plans & intrigues to ! hon\r ( ,god & ! bless+ ( man4 ,aft] ^! private conf]5ces ! apo/les & eld]s came toge!r to consid] ! difficult subject laid be=e !m4 ,& n[ _m que/ions rise up :i* we c only v briefly consid]4 ,! composition ( ?is ,synod is "o important po9t4 ,:o sat 9 x1 & :o debat$ !re8 ,x is q cle>1 f ! text ( ! ,acts1 z to ! p]sons :o 7 pres5t at ?is ,synod4 ,! six? v]se says1 ,! apo/les & ! eld]s 7 ga!r$ toge!r to consid] ( ?is matt]2 ! twelf? v]se tells u t all ! multitude kept sil5ce1 & he>k5$ unto ,b>nabas & ,paul rehe>s+ :at signs & wond]s ,god _h wr\ght among ! ,g5tiles by !m2 9 ! tw5ty-second v]se we read1 ,!n x seem$ good to ! apo/les & ! eld]s1 ) ! :ole ,*ur*1 to *oose m5 out ( _! company1 & to s5d !m to ,antio*2 :ile1 f9ally1 9 ! tw5ty-?ird v]se we read ! sup]scription ( ! f9al decree ( ! ,c\ncil1 :i* ran ?us1 ,! apo/les & ! eld] bre?r5 unto ! bre?r5 :i* are ( ! ,g5tiles 9 ,antio* & ,syria & ,cilicia4 ,x seems to me t any pla9 man read+ ^! v]ses w\ld come to ! conclusion t ! :ole multitude1 ! great body ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,j]usalem1 7 pres5t & took "p 9 ?is assembly4#abf ,a great battle inde$ has rag$ r\nd ! words ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion ( ! tw5ty-?ird v]se1 ,! apo/les & eld]s & bre?r5 s5d greet+ unto ! bre?r5 :i* are ( ! ,g5tiles1 :i* are o!rwise r5d]$ 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,! pres5ce or ! abs5ce ( ! & betwe5 eld]s & bre?r5 has =m$ ! battle-gr\nd betwe5 two p>ties1 ! "o uphold+1 ! o!r oppos+ ! "r ( ! laity to take "p 9 ,*ur* synods & c\ncils4 ,^u a broad review ( ! :ole affair ?is ,apo/olic ,assembly seems to me to h an important be>+ ^u ?is po9t4 ,!re are v>i\s views involv$4 ,"s p]sons ?9k t none b bi%ops %\ld take "p 9 ,*ur* synods2 o!rs ?9k t none b cl]gym51 spiritual p]sons1 9 ! te*nical & legal s5se ( ! ^w spiritual1 %\ld ent] ^! assemblies1 specially :5 treat+ ( que/ions t\*+ doctr9e & discipl9e4#abg ,look+ at ! subject f ! /&po9t ( ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil1 we _c agree ) ei!r p>ty4 ,we are c]ta9ly told ( ! spee*es ( f\r individuals m]ely--,paul1 ,b>nabas1 ,pet]1 & ,james--to :om may be conc$$ ! position ( bi%ops1 & ev5 m4 ,b1 !n1 x is evid5t t ! :ole multitude ( ! ,*ur* 0 pres5t at ?is ,synod1 & took an active "p 9 x4 ,we are expressly told 7vv4 #d & #e73 ,:5 !y 7 come to ,j]usalem1 !y 7 receiv$ ( ! ,*ur* & ! apo/les & ! eld]s4444 ,b !re rose up c]ta9 ( ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees :o believ$1 say+1 ,x is ne$ful to circumcise !m4 ,?is inde$ happ5$ at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,*ur* held to receive ! ,antio*5e deputation :5 !y arriv$4 ,b !re does n seem to h be5 any diff]5ce betwe5 ! con/itution & au?ority ( ! fir/ & second meet+s4 ,bo? 7 :at we %\ld call ,ecclesia/ical ,assemblies4 ,laym5 jo9$ 9 ! discussions ( ! fir/1 & d\btless laym5 jo9$ 9 ! discussions & mu* que/ion+ ( ! second4 #abf ,! fif? v]se /ates t aft] ,paul _h rehe>s$ ! wond]s done among ! ,g5tiles c]ta9 ( ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees rose up say+1 ,x is ne$ful to circumcise !m4 ,"s ma9ta9 t ?is 0 9 a mission>y meet+ be=e ! ,synod1 b t ?is is no pro( t su* laym51 if !y 7 laym51 7 all[$ to raise ! "q 9 ! ,synod4 ,( c\rse ! next v]se /ates t ! apo/les & eld]s came toge!r to consid] ?is matt]2 b x also /ates t !re 0 mu* que/ion+ be=e ,/4 ,pet] op5$ 8 m\? to speak on ! subject4 ,surely ! mu* que/ion+ mu/ h be5 on ! "p ( ! c]ta9 ( ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees :o believ$6 #abg ,x is a curi\s ?+ t ?ree p>ties o!rwise v mu* oppos$ unite 9 ?is view3 ! extreme ,high ,*ur* p>ty 9 ,engl&1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ! ,wesleyan ,conf]5ce1 :i* latt] body re/ra9s all que/ions ( doctr9e & discipl9e to m9i/]s alone z rigor\sly z ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,assemblies are 9 _m respects op5 to ! same *>ge1 ! eld]s :o repres5t ! laity be+ orda9$ by imposition ( h&s z truly z ! m9i/]s & sign+ ! same doctr9al te/s4 ,i _c say h[ f> ?is may be true ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,assembly 9 ,scotl&1 b z f> z ! ,free ,*ur* & ! ,iri% ,g5]al ,assemblies are conc]n$1 ,i am bold to say t no unorda9$ layman sits 9 !m4 ,i 0 mu* amus$ "s "t ago read+ ! *>ge ( a ,wesleyan ,presid5t ( ,conf]5ce to ! newly orda9$ m9i/]s ( ! ,iri% ,conf]5ce1 :5 he bid !m rememb] t ,*ri/ _h entru/$ to !m alone ! c>e ( all que/ions t\*+ doctr9e & discipl9e4 ,see = ! ,high ,anglican !ory1 :i* is j ! same z ! ,wesleyan ,presid5t's1 ,joyce's ,acts ( ! ,*ur*1 ,a4,d4 #aeca-ahhe1 p4 #ab4 ,!re is n inde$ a h9t :i* w\ld lead u to conclude t ! ,ph>isees1 :o rose up & argu$ on behalf ( ! b9d+ "* ( ! law ( ,moses1 held any spiritual (fice :atsoev]4 ,s f> z ! sacr$ text puts x1 !y may h be5 laym5 pure & simple1 su* z 7 ! ord9>y ,ph>isees4 ,i _c1 inde$1 see h[ any memb] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& c consi/5tly ma9ta9 ei!r f ,holy ,scripture1 anci5t ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 or ! hi/ory ( 8 own ,*ur*1 t laym5 are q %ut out f c\ncils debat+ que/ions t\*+ ,*ri/ian fai?1 & t _! consid]ation mu/ be limit$ to bi%ops1 or at lea/ cl]gym5 alone4 ,! ,apo/olic ,*ur* seems to h admitt$ ! free/ discussion4 ,! ,g5]al ,c\ncils mo/ c]ta9ly tol]at$ v consid]able lay int]f]5ce4 ,! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e1 ?\gh n ev5 baptiz$1 obtrud$ mu* ( 8 pres5ce & ex]cis$ mu* ( 8 influ5ce ^u ! great ,nic5e ,c\ncil4 ,:y ev5 d[n to ! sixte5? c5tury1 till ! ,trid5t9e ,c\ncil1 ! ambassadors ( ! great ,*ri/ian ,p[]s ( ,europe sat 9 ,*ur* synods z repres5t+ ! laity2 & x 0 only 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,vatican1 :i* met 9 #ahgj1 t ev5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* =mally d5i$ ! "r ( ! p to ex]cise a c]ta9 influ5ce 9 ! det]m9ation ( que/ions t\*+ fai? & discipl9e by ! exclusion ( ! ambassadors :o _h 9 e previ\s c\ncil held a c]ta9 def9$ place4 ,:ile aga91 :5 we come to ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 we f9d t ! celebrat$ ,hook]1 ! v9dicator ( its ,*ur* polity1 expressly def5d$ ! royal supremacy z ex]cis$ )9 t ,*ur* on ! gr\nd t ! k+ repres5t$ by delegation ! va/ body ( ! laity1 :o ?r\gh him ex]cis$ a real influ5ce ^u all que/ions1 :e!r ( doctr9e or discipl9e4 ,i feel a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ?is "q1 because "o ( ! *>ges mo/ freely hurl$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* ( ,irel& is ?is1 t %e has admitt$ laym5 to discussions & votes conc]n+ su* que/ions4 ,i _c see h[ consi/5tly ) h] pa/ hi/ory z an e/abli%$ ,*ur* %e c\ld h done o!rwise4 ,i _c see h[ ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 if %e comes 9 ! future to be dise/abli%$1 c d o!rwise4 ,t ,*ur* has always admitt$ a va/ am\nt ( lay int]f]5ce1 ev5 prior to ! ,re=mation1 & /ill m s9ce t important ev5t4 ,extreme m5 may sc(f at ^? bran*es ( _! own ,communion :i* h admitt$ laym5 to vote 9 ,*ur* synods ^u all que/ions :atsoev]2 b !y =get :5 do+ s t /atem5ts & decrees mo/ de> to !mselves be> manife/ traces ( f> m extreme lay int]v5tion4 ,! ,ornam5ts ,rubric1 /&+ be=e ! ord] = ,morn+ ,pray]1 is a /rik+ evid5ce ( ?is4 ,x is de> to ! he>ts ( _m1 because x ord]s ! use ( eu*>i/ic ve/m5ts & ! pres]vation ( ! *ancels 9 ! anci5t /yle2 b on :at gr\nds does x d s8 ,let ! precise words ( ! rubric be ! answ]3 ,"h x is to be not$ t su* ornam5ts ( ! ,*ur* & ( ! m9i/]s !re(1 at all times ( _! m9i/ration1 %all be reta9$1 & be 9 use1 z 7 9 ?is ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 by ! au?ority ( ,p>liam5t1 9 ! second ye> ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,edw>d ! ,six?4 ,objections to ! det]m9ations1 rules1 & canons ( ! ,iri% ,*ur* ,synod might h "s weight did !y pr(ess1 z ?is rubric does1 to h be5 orda9$ & impos$ by ! ord] ( laym5 alone4 ,b :5 ! bi%ops ( a ,*ur* h an indep5d5t vote1 ! cl]gy an indep5d5t vote1 ! free & indep5d5t vote ( ! laity is totally p[]less by itself to introduce any novelty1 & is only p[]ful to prev5t *ange 9 ! anci5t ord]4 ,i d n feel b\nd to def5d "s ill-judg$ expressions & fooli% spee*es :i* "s lay repres5tatives may h made 9 ! ,iri% ,*ur* ,synod z aga9 no memb] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ne$ tr\ble himself to def5d "s ra% spee*es made 9 ,p>liam5t on ,*ur* topics4 ,9 ! fir/ mom5ts ( unaccu/om$ fre$om ,iri% laym5 did & said "s ra% ?+s1 &1 ov]aw+ ! cl]gy by _! fi]ce expressions1 may h caus$ ! introduction ( "s ha/y & ill-advis$ measures4 ,b sure ,i am t e s9c]e memb] ( ! ,*ur* to :i* ,i belong w agree t ! admission ( ! lay repres5tatives to a free discussion & free vote ^u e topic has _h a m>vell\s influ5ce 9 broad5+ _! conceptions ( ,scripture tru? & deep5+ _! affections & atta*m5t to _! ,"m ,*ur* :i* has treat$ & tru/$ !m ?us g5]\sly4#abh #abh ,i may p]haps be all[$ to ref] to a little tract ( my own on ?is topic publi%$ at ! "t1 on ,! ,"w ( ! ,laity 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,irel&1 z embody+ ! pr9ciples ( ,hook] appli$ to mod]n times & ne$s4 ,v4 ,! proce$+s ( ! ,apo/olic ,synod next dem& our att5tion4 ,! acc\nt :i* has be5 h&$ d[n is d\btless a m]e outl9e ( :at actually happ5$4 ,we are n told any?+ conc]n+ ! op5+ ( ! ,assembly or h[ ! discussion 0 begun4 ,/4 ,luke 0 int5t m]ely on sett+ =? ! ma9 gi/ ( affairs1 & !re=e he reports b two spee*es & tells ( two o!rs4 ,"s ,*ri/ian ,ph>isee hav+ put =w>d 8 objections to ! position occupi$ by ! ,g5tile conv]ts1 ,/4 ,pet] arose1 z 0 natural1 he hav+ be5 ! p]son ?r\gh ^: action ! pres5t discussion & tr\ble _h orig9at$4 ,/4 ,pet]'s spee* is m>k$ on ?is occasion by ! same want ( assumption ( any high] au?ority ?an belong$ to 8 bre?r5 :i* we h not$ be=e :5 objections 7 tak5 to 8 deal+s ) ,cornelius4 ,8 spee* claims no?+ = himself1 does n ev5 quote ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b simply repeats 9 a concise %ape ! /ory ( ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius1 po9ts out t ,god put no diff]5ce betwe5 ,jew & ,g5tile1 sugge/+ t if ,god _h put no diff]5ce betwe5 !m :y %\ld man d>e to d s1 & !n ends ) proclaim+ ! great doctr9e ( grace t m51 :e!r ,jews or ,g5tiles1 are sav$ ?r\gh fai? 9 ,*ri/ alone1 :i* purifies _! he>ts & lives4 ,aft] ,pet]'s spee* !re arose ,james ! ,"l's bro!r1 :o f anci5t times has be5 reg>d$ z ! fir/ bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 & :o mo/ c]ta9ly1 f ! v>i\s ref]5ces to him bo? "h & else:]e 9 ! ,acts 7*s4 xii4 #ag1 xxi4 #ah7 & 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 seems to h occupi$ ! supreme place 9 t ,*ur*4 ,james 0 a /rik+ figure4 ,!re is a long acc\nt ( him left u by ,hegesippus1 a v anci5t ,*ur* hi/orian1 :o bord]$ on apo/olic times1 & n[ pres]v$ = u 9 ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ,eusebius1 ii41 #bc4 ,!re he is describ$ z an ascetic & a ,naz>ite1 l ,john ! ,bapti/1 f 8 e>lie/ *ildhood4 ,he drank nei!r w9e nor f]m5t$ liquors1 & ab/a9$ f animal food4 ,a razor nev] came ^u 8 head1 he nev] ano9t$ ) oil1 & nev] us$ ! ba?4 ,he alone 0 all[$ to ent] ! sanctu>y4 ,he nev] wore wooll51 b l95 g>m5ts4 ,he 0 9 ! habit ( ent]+ ! ,temple alone1 & 0 (t5 f\nd ^u 8 b5d$ knees1 & int]c$+ = ! =giv5ess ( ! p2 s t 8 knees became z h>d z camels'1 9 consequ5ce ( 8 habitual supplication & kneel+ be=e ,god4 ,& inde$ on acc\nt ( 8 exce$+ great piety he 0 call$ ! ,j & ,oblias1 :i* signifies ! ,ramp>t ( ! ,p4 ,?is description is ! explanation ( ! p[] & au?ority ( ,james ! ,j 9 ! ,apo/olic ,assembly4 ,he 0 a /rict legali/ himself4 ,he desir$ no fre$om = 8 own %>e1 b rejoic$ 9 obs]vances & re/rictions f> beyond ! common lot ( ! ,jews4 ,:5 su* a man pron\nc$ aga9/ ! attempt made to impose circumcision & ! law z a necess>y condition ( salvation1 ! ,judais]s mu/ h felt t _! cause 0 lo/4 ,/4 ,james express$ 8 views 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms4 ,he beg9s by ref]r+ to ,/4 ,pet]'s spee* & ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius4 ,he !n proce$s to %[ h[ ! prophets =etold ! +a!r+ ( ! ,g5tiles1 quot+ a passage 7,amos ix4 #aa1 #ab7 :i* ! ,jewi% expositors !mselves appli$ to ! ,messiah4 ,8 me?od ( ,scriptural int]pretation is exactly ! same z t ( ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet]4 ,x is v diff]5t f ours1 b x 0 ! univ]sal me?od ( 8 day2 & :5 we wi% to arrive at ! mean+ ( ! ,scriptures1 or = t matt] ( any "w1 we ought to /rive & place ourselves at ! /&po9t & amid ! circum/ances ( ! writ]s & actors4 ,! prophet ,amos speaks ( ! tab]nacle ( ,david z fall5 d[n4 ,! rebuild+ ( x is !n =etold1 & ,james sees 9 ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles ?is pr$ict$ rebuild+4 ,he !n pron\nces 9 ! mo/ decid$ language aga9/ tr\bl+ ^? :o f among ! ,g5tiles are turn$ to ,god 9 ! matt] ( legal obs]vances1 lay+ d[n at ! same "t ! concessions :i* %\ld be dem&$ f ! ,g5tiles s z n to cause (f5ce to _! ,jewi% bre?r54 ,! s5t5ce ?us au?oritatively pron\nc$ by ! /ricte/ ,jewi% ,*ri/ian 0 naturally adopt$ by ! ,apo/olic ,synod1 & !y wrote a lett] to ! disciples 9 ,syria & ,cilicia embody+ _! decision1 :i* = a "t settl$ ! controv]sy :i* _h be5 rais$4 ,?is epi/le beg9s by disclaim+ utt]ly & at once ! agitators :o _h gone =? to ,antio* & _h rais$ ! di/urbances4 ,x decl>$ t circumcision 0 unnecess>y = ! ,g5tile conv]ts4 ,?is 0 ! great po9t ^u :i* ,/4 ,paul 0 mo/ anxi\s4 ,he _h no objection1 z we h already said1 to ! ,jews obs]v+ _! legal rites & c]emonies1 b he 0 totally oppos$ to ! ,g5tiles com+ "u any su* rule z a ?+ necess>y to salvation4 ,! epi/le !n proce$s to lay d[n c]ta9 concessions :i* ! ,g5tiles %\ld 9 turn make4 ,!y %\ld ab/a9 f meats (f]$ 9 sacrifice unto idols1 f blood1 f ?+s /rangl$1 & f =nication2 all ( !m po9ts ^u :i* ! public op9ion ( ! ,g5tiles laid no /ress1 b :i* 7 mo/ abhorr5t to a true ,jew4 ,! decrees ( ! ,synod ( ,j]usalem1 z ! inspir$ hi/orian expressly t]ms !m 9 *4 xvi4 #d1 7 m]e tempor>y exp$i5ts4 ,!y det]m9$ inde$ "o important "q1 t circumcision %\ld n be impos$ on ! ,g5tiles--t ,judaism1 9 fact1 0 n 9 & by itself a sav+ disp5sation2 b left unsolv$ _m o!r que/ions1 ev5 t\*+ ?is v subject ( circumcision & ! ,jewi% law1 :i* _h aft]w>ds to be debat$ & ?re%$ out1 z ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,galatians proves4 ,b1 turn+ our eyes f ! obsolete controv]sy :i* evok$ ! ,apo/olic ,epi/le1 & view+ ! subject f a wid] & a mod]n /&po9t1 we may say t ! decrees ( ?is primitive ,synod n>rat$ 9 ?is typical hi/ory be/[ _! sanction ^u ! great pr9ciples ( prud5ce1 wisdom1 & gr[? 9 ! ,div9e life & 9 ,*ur* "w4 ,x 0 ) ! apo/les !mselves z ) ! ,*ur* ev] s9ce4 ,apo/les ev5 mu/ n make ha/e1 b mu/ be cont5t$ to wait ^u ! developm5ts ( ,god's provid5ce4 ,p]fection is an excell5t ?+1 b !n p]fection _c be atta9$ at once4 ,"h a little & !re a little is ! ,div9e law "u ! ,new z "u ! ,old ,disp5sation4 ,tru? is ! faire/ & mo/ excell5t ( all possessions1 b ! advocates ( tru? mu/ n expect x to be grasp$ 9 all its be>+s by all sorts & conditions ( m5 at "o & ! same "t4 ,!y mu/ be cont5t1 z ,/4 ,paul 01 if "o /ep be tak5 at a "t2 if progress be 9 ! "r & n 9 ! wrong direction2 & mu/ be will+ to conc$e mu* to ! feel+s & long-desc5d$ prejudices ( %ort-sight$ human nature4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,apo/olic ,,qu>rels ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,t\r4 ,& aft] "s days ,paul said unto ,b>nabas1 ,let u return n[ & visit ! bre?r5 9 e city :]e9 we proclaim$ ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 & see h[ !y f>e4444 ,& !re arose a %>p cont5tion betwe5 !m1 s t !y p>t$ asund] "o f ! o!r4--,,acts xv4 #cf1 #ci4 ,& !y w5t ?r\gh ! region ( ,phrygia & ,galatia1 hav+ be5 =bidd5 ( ! ,holy ,gho/ to speak ! ^w 9 ,asia4444 ,!y came d[n to ,troas4 ,& a vision appe>$ to ,paul 9 ! night2 ,!re 0 a man ( ,mac$onia /&+1 besee*+ him1 & say+1 ,come ov] into ,mac$onia & help u4--,,acts xvi4 #f1 #h1 #i4 ,! second mission>y t\r ( ,/4 ,paul n[ claims our att5tion1 specially because x involves ! fir/ proclamation ( ,*ri/ianity by an apo/le )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ,europe4 ,! c\rse ( ! n>rative up to ?is w %[ t any ,*ri/ian ef=t 9 ,europe by an apo/le1 ,/4 ,pet] or any "o else prior to ,/4 ,paul's "w1 0 almo/ impossible4 ,to ! ,twelve & to m5 l-m9d$ ) !m1 x mu/ h seem$ a d>+ innovation to br+ ! gospel message directly to be> ^u ! masses ( ,g5tile paganism4 ,m5 ( cons]vative m9ds l ! ,twelve d\btless re/ra9$ _! own ef=ts up to ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul's second t\r )9 ! b\nds ( ,israel accord+ to ! fle% 9 ,pale/9e & ! neighb\r+ l&s1 f9d+ !re an ample field ^u :i* to ex]cise _! dilig5ce4 ,& !n :5 we turn to ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,b>nabas1 :o _h d>$ to realise ! fre5ess & fulness ( ! gospel message1 we %all see t ! ,syrian ,antio* & ,syria itself & ,asia ,m9or _h hi!rto af=d$ to !m scope q suffici5t to engage _! utmo/ att5tion4 ,a few mom5ts' reflection ^u ! circum/ances ( ! primitive ,*ri/ian ,*ur* & ! developm5ts ?r\gh :i* ,apo/olic ,*ri/ianity pass$ are q suffici5t to dispel all su* fabul\s incru/ations ^u ! orig9al record z ^? involv$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s episcopate at ,antio* or 8 l5g!n$ rule ov] ! ,*ur* at ,rome4 ,if ! latt] /ory 0 to be accept$1 ,/4 ,pet] mu/ h be5 ,bi%op ( ,rome long be=e a mission 0 despat*$ to ! ,g5tiles f ,antio*1 if n ev5 be=e ! vision 0 se5 at ,joppa by ,/4 ,pet] :5 ! admission ( ! ,g5tiles to ! ,*ur* 0 fir/ au?oris$ "u any t]ms :atsoev]4#abi ,9 fact1 x w\ld be impossible to fit ! actions ( ,/4 ,pet] into any s*eme :atsoev]1 if we br+ him to ,rome & make him bi%op !re = tw5ty-five ye>s beg9n+ at ! ye> #db1 ! "t usually assign$ by ,roman ,ca?olic hi/orians4 ,x is h>d en\gh to frame a hypo!tical s*eme1 :i* w f9d a due & fitt+ place = ! v>i\s record$ actions ( ,/4 ,pet]1 q ap>t f any suppos$ ,roman episcopate la/+ ov] su* an ext5d$ p]iod4 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul _h1 = in/ance1 a dispute at ,antio* ( :i* we read mu* 9 ! second *apt] ( ! ,galatian ,epi/le4 ,:]e %all we fix t dispute8 ,"s place x dur+ ! int]val betwe5 ! ,synod at ,j]usalem & ! second mission>y t\r ( :i* we n[ propose to treat4 ,o!rs place x at ! conclusion ( t t\r1 :5 ,/4 ,paul 0 re/+ at ,antio* = a little aft] ! "w ( t second j\rney4 ,z we are n writ+ ! life ( ,/4 ,paul1 b simply comm5t+ ^u ! n>ratives ( 8 lab\rs z told 9 ! ,acts1 we mu/ be cont5t to ref] to ! ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul by ,conybe>e & ,h[son1 & ,ar*deacon ,f>r>1 & to ,bi%op ,lightfoot's ,galatians1 all ( :om place ?is qu>rel be=e ! second t\r1 & to ,mr4 ,f9dlay's ,galatians 9 our own s]ies1 :o upholds ! o!r view4 ,suppos+1 h[ev]1 t we take ! =m] view 9 def]5ce to ! weighty au?orities j m5tion$1 we !n f9d t !re 7 two s]i\s qu>rels :i* mu/ = a "t h m>r$ ! unity & ,*ri/ian concord ( ! ,antio*5e ,*ur*4 #abi ,/4 ,j]ome places ! beg9n+ ( ,/4 ,pet]'s tw5ty-five ye>s' episcopate at ,rome 9 ,a4,d4 #db--t is1 two ye>s be=e ,h]od's attempt to put ,/4 ,pet] to dea?4 ,?is idea has be5 work$ up into an elaborate /ory1 :i* w be f\nd duly set =? 9 great detail 9 ,fleury's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,book ,i41 :]e ,/4 ,pet] is made ,bi%op ( ,rome prior to ! dea? ( ,h]od ,agrippa1 :5ce he despat*es disciples to f\nd ,*ur*es 9 v>i\s t[ns ( ,italy1 & :5ce he writes 8 fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,a simple /atem5t ( ?is is suffici5t refutation = any "o :o kn[s ! b>e text ( ! ,acts4 ,!re seems1 h[ev]1 no reason :atsoev] to d\bt ! anci5t tradition :i* fixes ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,rome4 ,see on ! :ole subject ! int]e/+ article on ,/4 ,pet] 9 ,s*aff's ,encyclopdia ( ,!ology1 p4 #ahad4 ,9 ! ,acta ,sanctorum1 publi%$ by ! ,boll&i/s1 ,april1 vol4 iii41 p4 #cdf1 we are told t ,/4 ,pet] despat*$ ,/4 ,m>k to f\nd ! ,*ur* ( ,aquileia1 :i* claims ! next rank to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome among ! ,italian sees4 ,9 fact1 ! ,bi%ops ( ,aquileia reg>d$ !mselves z ( su* importance1 ow+ to _! apo/olic orig91 t !y head$ a sep>ation f ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 :i* la/$ f ab\t ,a4,d4 #egj to #gjj4 ,see ,rob]tson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 ii41 p4 #cjf1 & ! au?orities !re quot$1 on ?is int]e/+ anticipation ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,engl&4 ,! repro( ( ,/4 ,pet] by ,/4 ,paul = 8 dissimulation 0 made on a public occasion be=e ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,x mu/ h caus$ consid]able excitem5t & discussion1 & rais$ mu* human feel+ 9 ,antio*4 ,b>nabas too1 ! *os5 fri5d & companion ( ,/4 ,paul1 0 involv$ 9 ! matt]1 & mu/ h felt himself condemn$ 9 ! /rong language address$ to ,/4 ,pet]4 ,?is may h caus$ = a "t a c]ta9 am\nt ( e/rangem5t betwe5 ! v>i\s p>ties4 ,a close /udy ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les dispels at once ! notion m5 w\ld fa9 *]i%1 t ! apo/les & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians liv$ j l angels )\t any trace ( human passion or discord4 ,! apo/les _h _! diff]5ces & misund]/&+s v l our own4 ,hot temp]s & subsequ5t coolnesses arose1 & produc$ evil results betwe5 m5 entru/$ ) ! v highe/ (fices1 & pav$ ! way1 z qu>rels always d1 = fre% di/urbances at "s future "t4 ,s x 0 at ,antio*1 :]e ! public repro( ( ,/4 ,pet] by ,/4 ,paul involv$ ,/4 ,b>nabas1 & may h left traces ^u ! g5tle s\l ( ! ,son ( ,consolation :i* 7 n :olly eradicat$ by ! "t t a new s\rce ( tr\ble arose4 ,! m9i/ry ( ,/4 ,paul at ,antio* 0 prolong$ = "s "t aft] ! ,j]usalem ,synod1 & !n ! ,holy ,gho/ aga9 impell$ him to return & visit all ! ,*ur*es :i* he _h f\nd$ 9 ,cyprus & ,asia ,m9or4 ,he recognis$ ! necessity = sup]vision1 support1 & guidance z f> z ! new conv]ts 7 conc]n$4 ,! se$ might be f heav5 & ! "w might be ,god's own1 b /ill human ef=t mu/ take its %>e & d its duty1 or else ! "w may fail & ! good se$ nev] atta9 p]fection4 ,/4 ,paul !re=e propos$ to ,b>nabas a second jo9t mission1 int5d+ to visit ! bre?r5 9 e city :]e9 !y _h proclaim$ ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 ,b>nabas desir$ to take ) !m 8 k9sman ,m>k1 b ,paul1 rememb]+ 8 weakness & defection on _! previ\s j\rney1 w\ld h no?+ to say to ! "y man4 ,!n !re arose a %>p cont5tion betwe5 !m1 or1 z ! orig9al expression is1 !re arose a p>oxysm betwe5 ! apo/les1 s t ! lov+ ,*ri/ian work]s & fri5ds ( bygone ye>s1 m5 :o _h haz>d$ _! lives = ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 sep>at$ ! "o f ! o!r1 & work$ f h5ce=? 9 widely diff]5t localities4 ,i4 ,!re are few portions ( ! ,acts m fruitful 9 spiritual in/ruction1 or teem+ ) m abundant lessons1 or ri*] 9 application to pres5t difficulties1 ?an ?is v incid5t4 ,let u note a few ( !m4 ,"o ?\ght1 = in/ance1 :i* occurs at once to any reflect+ m9d is ?is3 :at an extraord9>y ?+ x is t two su* holy & devot$ m5 z ,paul & ,b>nabas %\ld h _h a qu>rel at all2 & :5 !y did qu>rel1 w\ld x n h be5 f> bett] to h hu%$ ! matt] up & nev] h let ! _w "k any?+ at all ab\t x8 ,n[ ,i d n say t x is well = ,*ri/ian p always to proclaim al\d & tell ! _w at l>ge all ab\t ! v>i\s unpleasant circum/ances ( _! lives1 _! qu>rels1 _! misund]/&+s1 _! p]sonal fail+s & backslid+s4 ,life w\ld be simply intol]able did we live always1 at all times1 & "u all circum/ances b5ea? ! full gl>e ( publicity4 ,p]sonal qu>rels too1 family j>s & bick]+s h a rapid t5d5cy to heal !mselves1 if kept 9 ! gloom1 ! s(t1 ton$1 %ad$ light ( retirem5t4 ,!y h an unhappy t5d5cy to h>d5 & p]petuate !mselves :5 dragg$ b5ea? ! fi]ce light ( public op9ion & ! outside _w4 ,yet x is well = ! ,*ur* at l>ge t su* a record has be5 left = u ( ! fact t ! qu>rel betwe5 ,paul & ,b>nabas wax$ s fi]ce t !y dep>t$ ! "o f ! o!r1 to tea* u :at we are apt to =get1 ! true "* ( ! apo/les4 ,human nature is int5sely incl9$ to idolatry4 ,"o idol may be knock$ d[n1 b z soon z x is displac$ ! he>t /raightway sets to "w to erect ano!r idol 9 its /ead1 & m5 h be5 ready to make idols ( ! apo/les4 ,!y h be5 ready to imag9e !m sup]natural *>act]s1 ta9t$ ) no s91 tempt$ by no passion1 weak5$ by no infirmity4 ,if ^! incid5ts _h n be5 record$--! qu>rel ) ,pet] & ! qu>rel ) ,b>nabas--we %\ld h be5 apt to =get t ! apo/les 7 m5 ( l passions ) ourselves1 & ?us to lose ! full =ce--! brac+1 /imulat+ =ce--( su* exhortations z t deliv]$ by ,/4 ,paul :5 he said to a primitive ,*ur*1 ,foll[ me1 z ,i1 a poor1 weak1 fail+1 passionate man1 h foll[$ ,*ri/4 ,we h ! ?or\gh humanity ( ! apo/les vigor\sly pres5t$ & en=c$ 9 ?is passage4 ,!re is no suppression ( weak po9ts1 no acc5tuation ( /rong po9ts1 no hid+ ( defects & weaknesses1 no dwell+ ^u virtues & graces4 ,we h ! apo/les pres5t$ at times vigor\s1 unit$1 h>moni\s2 at o!r times weak1 timor\s1 & c[>dly4 ,aga91 we note t ?is passage n only %[s u ! human frailties & weaknesses :i* m>k$ ! apo/les1 & f\nd a place 9 *>act]s & p]sons call$ to ! v highe/ places2 x has also a lesson = ! ,*ur* ( all "t 9 ! circum/ances :i* l$ to ! qu>rel betwe5 ,paul & ,b>nabas4 ,we d well to m>k c>efully t ,antio* saw two su* qu>rels1 ! "o ( :i*1 z we h already po9t$ out1 may h _h some?+ to say to ! o!r4 ,! qu>rel betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet] inde$ has a hi/ory :i* /rik+ly illu/rates ?is t5d5cy ( :i* we h j n[ spok54 ,"s expositors1 jeal\s ( ! good fame & reputation & temp] ( ! apo/les1 h expla9$ ! qu>rel at ,antio* betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet] z n hav+ be5 a real qu>rel at all1 b an edify+ piece ( act+1 a dispute got up betwe5 ! apo/les to en=ce & proclaim ! fre$om ( ! ,g5tiles1 a m]e piece ( knav]y & deception utt]ly =eign to su* a tru?-lov+ "* z 0 ,/4 ,paul's4#acj ,x is int]e/+1 h[ev]1 to note z manife/+ _! natural *>act]i/ics1 :i* 7 n de/roy$1 b m]ely elevat$1 purifi$1 & sanctifi$ by ,div9e grace1 t ! apo/les ,paul & ,b>nabas qu>rell$ ab\t a purely p]sonal matt]4 ,!y _h f9i%$ _! fir/ mission>y t\r on :i* !y _h be5 accompani$ by ,/4 ,m>k1 :o _h act$ z _! att5dant or s]vant1 c>ry+1 we may suppose1 _! luggage1 & dis*>g+ all ! subord9ate (fices su* s]vice might involve4 ,! lab\r & toil & p]sonal dang] incid5t to su* a c>e] 7 too mu* = ! "y man4 ,s ) all ! fickl5ess1 ! weakness1 ! want ( /rong def9ite purpose we (t5 f9d 9 "y p1 he ab&on$ 8 "w simply because x involv$ ! ex]cise ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( self-sacrifice4 ,& n[1 :5 ,paul & ,b>nabas are sett+ out aga91 & ,b>nabas wi%es to take ! same fav\rite relative ) !m1#aca ,/4 ,paul naturally objects1 & !n ! bitt] passionate qu>rel ensues4 ,/4 ,paul j exp]i5c$ "h :at we all mu/ m or less exp]i5ce1 ! crosses & trials ( public life1 if we wi% to pass ?r\gh t life ) a good consci5ce4 ,public life1 ,i say--& ,i mean !reby n political life1 :i* alone we usually dignify by t "n1 b ! ord9>y life :i* e man & e woman among/ u mu/ live z we g 9 & out & dis*>ge our duties amid our fell[-m51--public life1 ! life we live once we leave our closet communion ) ,god 9 ! e>ly morn+ till we return !reto 9 ! ev5tide1 is 9 all its dep>tm5ts mo/ try+4 ,x is try+ to temp]1 & x is try+ to pr9ciple1 & no "o c hope to pass ?r\gh x )\t s]i\s & griev\s temptations4 ,i d n wond] t m5 h (t5 felt1 z ! old ,ea/]n monks did1 t salvation 0 m easily won 9 solitude ?an 9 liv+ & work+ amid ! busy haunts ( m5 :]e bad temp] & hot words s (t5 conspire to make "o return home f a h>d day's "w feel+ mis]able )9 on acc\nt ( repeat$ falls & %ortcom+s4 ,%all we !n act z !y did8 ,%all we %ut out ! _w completely & cease to take any "p 9 a /ruggle :i* seems to tell s disa/r\sly ^u ! equable calm ( our spiritual life8 ,nay inde$1 = su* a c\rse w\ld be unwor?y a soldi] ( ! ,cross1 & v unlike ! example %[n by ! bless$ apo/le ,/4 ,paul1 :o _h to battle n only aga9/ o!rs1 b _h also to battle aga9/ himself & 8 own passionate nature1 & 0 cr[n$ z a victor1 n because he ran away1 b because he conqu]$ ?r\gh ! grace ( ,*ri/4 #acj ,orig5 />t$ ?is !ory t ! dispute betwe5 ,pet] & ,paul 0 simulat$2 9 o!r words1 be+ ( "o m9d 9 ! matt] !y got up ?is sc5e t ,/4 ,paul might ! m effectually condemn ! ,judais]s ?r\gh ! *ief ( ! apo/les1 :o1 ackn[l$g+ ! ju/ice ( ! rebuke1 set !m an example ( submission4 ,?us he1 9 fact1 sub/itut$ ! mu* grav] *>ge ( di%one/y aga9/ bo? apo/les 9 ord] to exculpate ! "o f ! comp>atively v5ial (f5ce ( moral c[>dice & inconsi/5cy4 ,nev]!less ?is view comm5d$ itself to a l>ge numb] ( subsequ5t writ]s1 & = "s "t may be said to h reign$ supreme4 7,lightfoot's ,galatians1 p4 #abi47 ,/4 ,*ryso/om & ,/4 ,j]ome ma9ta9$ ! same view1 :ile ,/4 ,augu/9e oppos$ x4 ,! epi/les ex*ang$ betwe5 ,j]ome & ,augu/9e on ?is topic are v int]e/+4 ,!y may be mo/ easily p]us$ 9 ,augu/9e's ,epi/les1 vol4 i41 pp4 #aca & #bhj1 z translat$ 9 ,t4 ,t4 ,cl>k's s]ies 7,ed9burgh1 #ahgb74 #aca ,m>k is usually reg>d$ z nephew to ,b>nabas4 ,?is op9ion is gr\nd$ ^u ,col4 iv4 #aj1 z translat$ 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion4 ,!y 71 h[ev]1 c\s9s m]ely4 ,! ,revis$ ,v]sion translates ,col4 iv4 #aj ?us3 ,m>k1 ! c\s9 ( ,b>nabas4 ,dr4 ,lightfoot1 9 8 ,colossians1 p4 #bcf1 has a long note %[+ t ! ^w us$ ab\t ,/4 ,m>k 9 t passage is 1 :i* always means c\s9 g]man3 see ,?ay]'s edition ( ,grimm's ,lexicon ( ,new ,te/am5t1 s4v4 ,& n[ x is well t we %\ld note ! special trials he _h to endure4 ,he _h to fight aga9/ ! _s ( c[>dly self-indulg5ce 9 o!rs1 & he _h to fight aga9/ ! _s ( jobb]y4 ,^! ?+s inde$ caus$ ! rupture 9 ! apo/olic fri5d%ip4 ,/4 ,b>nabas1 apo/le ?\gh he 01 ?\ght f> m ( ! int]e/s ( 8 c\s9 ?an ( ! int]e/s ( ,*ri/'s mission4 ,/4 ,paul ) 8 devotion to ,*ri/ may h be5 a little intol]ant ( ! weakness ( y\?1 b he rightly judg$ t "o :o _h prov$ untru/wor?y be=e %\ld n be rapidly & at once tru/$ aga94 ,& ,/4 ,paul 0 ?or\ghly "r1 & has left a v useful & practical example4 ,_m "y m5 among u are l ,/4 ,m>k4 ,! ,/4 ,m>ks ( our own day are a v num]\s class4 ,!y h no respect = _! engagem5ts4 ,!y w und]take "w & all[ !mselves to be calculat$ ^u1 & arrangem5ts to be made accord+ly4 ,b !n comes ! /ress ( action1 & _! place is f\nd want+1 & ! "w und]tak5 by !m is f\nd undone4 ,& !n !y wond] & compla9 t _! lives are unsuccessful1 & t m5 & wom5 :o are 9 e>ne/ w n tru/ or employ !m 9 ! future6 ,^! are ! m5 :o are ! social wrecks 9 life4 ,!y proclaim l\dly 9 /reets & highways ! h>d treatm5t :i* !y h receiv$4 ,!y tell =? _! own mis]y1 & speak z if !y 7 ! mo/ des]v+ & at ! same "t ! mo/ ill-treat$ ( m52 & yet !y are b reap+ z !y h s[n1 & _! failures & _! mis=tunes are only ! due & fitt+ rew>ds ( _! want ( e>ne/ness1 dilig5ce1 & self-d5ial4 ,to ! "y ?is episode proclaims al\d3 ,respect y\r engagem5ts1 reg>d public employm5ts z solemn contracts 9 ,god's sight4 ,take pa9s ) y\r "w4 ,be will+ to endure any tr\ble = its sake4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z g5ius 9 ord9>y life4 ,g5ius has be5 well def9$ z an inf9ite capacity = tak+ pa9s4 ,& ?us avoid ! mis]able weakness ( ,/4 ,m>k1 :o fl$ f 8 "w because x entail$ tr\ble & self-d5ial on 8 "p4 ,!n1 aga91 we view ,/4 ,paul ) admiration because he )/ood ! _s ( jobb]y :5 x display$ itself ev5 9 a sa9t4 ,b>nabas 9 pla9 language wi%$ to p]petrate a job 9 fav\r ( a memb] ( 8 family1 & ,/4 ,paul )/ood him4 ,& h[ (t5 s9ce has ! same _s ?us display$ itself to ! injury ( ,god's cause6 ,let u note h[ ! case /ood4 ,/4 ,b>nabas 0 a good pi\s man ( v /rong emotional feel+s4 ,b he all[$ himself to be guid$1 z pi\s p (t5 d1 by _! emotions1 affections1 prejudices1 n by _! reason & judgm5t4 ,) su* m5 :5 _! affections come into play jobb]y is ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,x is ! v brea? ( _! no/rils4 ,x is ! atmosph]e 9 :i* !y revel4 ,b>nabas lov$ 8 c\s9 ,john ,m>k1 ) /rong1 p[]ful1 absorb+ love1 & t emotion bl9d$ ,b>nabas to ,m>k's faults1 & l$ him on 8 behalf to qu>rel ) 8 firm]1 wis]1 & m vigor\s fri5d4 ,jobb]y is a vice peculi> to no age & to no pr(ession4 ,x fl\ri%es 9 ! mo/ religi\s z 9 ! mo/ worldly circles4 ,9 religi\s circles x (t5 takes ! mo/ sick5+ =ms1 :5 mis]able1 n>r[ selfi%ness assumes ! g>b & adopts ! language ( ,*ri/ian piety4 ,/4 ,paul's action proclaims to ,*ri/ian m5 a v ne$ful lesson4 ,x says1 9 fact1 ,set y\r faces aga9/ jobb]y ( e k9d4 ,reg>d p[]1 influ5ce1 patronage z a sacr$ tru/4 ,p]mit n fe>1 affection1 or p>ty _s to bl9d y\r eyes or prejudice y\r judgm5t aga9/ real m]it2 s %all y be foll[+ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! great ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles1 ) 8 h]oic *ampion%ip ( t :i* 0 righte\s & true1 & ( ,"o high] /ill1 = ?us y %all be foll[+ ! ,ma/]'s own example1 ^: highe/ praise 0 ?is3 ,he lov$ righte\sness1 & hat$ iniquity4#acb #acb ,! sequel ( ?is /ory z made kn[n ?r\gh ! ,epi/les is mo/ int]e/+4 ,! qu>rel betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,b>nabas 0 n a p]man5t "o4 ,five ye>s or s lat]1 :5 writ+ ! #a/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians 7ix4 #f71 ,/4 ,paul associates himself ) ,b>nabas z if !y 7 companions once aga93 ,or ,i only1 & ,b>nabas1 h we n a "r to =be> work+8 ,x is int]e/+ too to trace ! *ange t came 9 subsequ5t ye>s ov] ! relations betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,m>k z reveal$ by ! ,epi/les4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ej ,/4 ,paul treat$ ,m>k /]nly1 & t same /]nness 0 mo/ b5eficial to ! "y man4 ,x 0 j :at 8 "* want$4 ,fifte5 ye>s pass$ ov] bo? _! heads1 & ! sc5e 0 !n v diff]5t4 ,9 ,col4 iv4 #aj1 #aa ,m>k is comm5d$ unto ! ,*ur* ( ,coloss z "o ( ! few ,jewi% ,*ri/ians :o _h be5 a com=t 9 8 bonds to ! prison] ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 :ile aga91 :5 on ! po9t ( 8 dep>ture1 9 ! #bnd ,epi/le to ,timo?y1 iv4 #aa1 ! once weak disciple is mo/ t\*+ly & lov+ly rememb]$3 ,only ,luke is ) me4 ,take ,m>k1 & br+ him ) !e3 = he is useful to me = m9i/]+4 ,/4 ,m>k1 aft] be+ ! cause ( ?is qu>rel1 appe>s no m 9 ! ,acts4 ,! traditions ab\t him w be f\nd collect$ 9 ,engli% 9 ,nelson's ,fa/s & ,fe/ivals1 "u 8 ,fea/ ,day1 ,april #be?2 or bett] /ill 9 ,cave's ,lives ( ! ,apo/les1 pp4 #bag-bc 7,london1 #afhd72 & 9 ,lat9 9 ! ,acta ,sanctorum1 ,ed4 ,boll41 ,april1 iii41 #cdd-eh4 ,cave & ! ,boll&i/s give all ! traditions ab\t 8 f\ndation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,alex&ria1 ! patri>*s ( :i* /ill claim desc5t f him4 ,"s hi/orical writ]s h ma9ta9$1 t !y us$ to be orda9$ by ! imposition ( ,/4 ,m>k's dead h&4 ,?is seems a mi/ake1 h[ev]4 ,mr4 ,butl]1 9 8 ,coptic ,*ur*es ( ,egypt1 vol4 ii41 p4 #caa1 says t ! newly orda9$ ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria us$ to hold ,/4 ,m>k's head 9 8 h&s dur+ ! celebration ( ,mass aft] 8 consecration4 7,see also ,,coptic ,,*ur* 9 ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog474 ,r5audot1 a le>n$ ,fr5* writ]1 publi%$ a hi/ory ( ! ,alex&rian ,patri>*ate 9 #agac1 :i* indu/ri\sly collects all ! details ( ,/4 ,m>k's life true & imag9>y alike4 ,/4 ,m>k's suppos$ body 0 c>ri$ to ,v5ice f ,alex&ria ab\t ,a4,d4 #abce4 ,we h n[ be/[$ a l5g!n$ notice ^u ?is qu>rel1 because x corrects a v mi/ak5 notion ab\t ! apo/les1 & %[s u h[ ?or\ghly natural & human1 h[ v l our own1 0 ! ev]yday life ( ! primitive ,*ur*4 ,x takes away ! false halo ( infallibility & impeccability ) :i* we are apt to inve/ ! apo/les1 mak+ u view !m z real1 fallible1 weak1 s9ful m5 l ourselves1#acc & !reby exalts ! p[] ( t grace :i* made !m s em95t 9 ,*ri/ian "*1 s abundant 9 ,*ri/ian lab\rs4 ,let u n[ apply ourselves to trace ! c\rse ( ,/4 ,paul's second t\r4 #acc ,x is curi\s to note h[ widespread is ?is notion t ! apo/les always possess$ sup]natural p[]s 9 virtue ( _! (fice1 enabl+ !m1 = in/ance1 infallibly to read m5's he>ts & ?\ghts4 ,9 a lett] 9 ! ,*ur* ,times = ,augu/ #ai?1 #ahib1 f an em95t dignit>y ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ,i notic$ an example ( x4 ,he 0 discuss+ a "q ) :i* ,i h no?+ to say1 & 9 do+ s writes3 ,! commission giv5 by our ,"l to ! apo/les _c be us$ 9 precisely ! same s5se by ourselves4 ,! apo/les' p[]s 7 miracul\s4444 ,!y c\ld tell :e!r ! condition ( ! s\l ( ! recipi5t ( _! gifts 0 "r or ! rev]se 9 a mann] n possible = u4444 ,!y c\ld p]ceive & gauge fai? 9 a way t is n our pr]ogative4444 ,x is cle> t ! apo/les c\ld h p]ceiv$ :e!r rep5tance & fai? 7 g5u9e4 ,i d n d5y t ,god sometimes made su* special revelations to !m4 ,b qu apo/les !y _h no su* gift ( disc]n+ spirits1 else :y did ,pet] baptize ,simon ,magus1 or ,/4 ,paul & ,b>nabas take ,m>k ) !m at all1 or ,/4 ,paul tol]ate ,demas ev5 = a mom5t1 or :y did he n indicate ! griev\s wolves :o %\ld ravage ! ,ephesian ,*ur* aft] 8 dep>ture8 ,! effect ( ! qu>rel betwe5 ! fri5ds 0 t ,/4 ,paul took ,silas & ,/4 ,b>nabas took ,m>k1 & !y sep>at$2 ! latt] go+ to ,cyprus1 ! native c\ntry ( ,b>nabas1 :ile ,paul & ,silas devot$ !mselves to ,syria & ,asia ,m9or & _! ,*ur*es4 ,! division betwe5 ^! holy m5 became ?us d\bly pr(itable to ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,x is p]petually pr(itable1 by way ( w>n+ & example1 z we h j n[ %[n2 & !n x became pr(itable because x l$ to two di/9ct missions be+ c>ri$ on1 ! "o 9 ! isl& ( ,cyprus1 ! o!r on ! cont95t ( ,asia4 ,! wra? ( man is ?us aga9 ov]rul$ to ! great] glory ( ,god1 & human weakness is made to promote ! int]e/s ( ! gospel4 ,we read1 too1 !y p>t$ asund] ! "o f ! o!r4 ,h[ v diff]5tly !y act$ f ! mann] 9 :i* mod]n ,*ri/ians d6 ,_! diff]5ce 9 op9ion did n lead !m to dep>t into exactly ! same di/rict1 & !re pursue a policy ( opposition ! "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,!y s\ght r di/ricts widely sep>at$1 :]e _! social diff]5ces c\ld h no effect ^u ! cause !y bo? lov$4 ,h[ v diff]5tly mod]n ,*ri/ians act1 & h[ v disa/r\s ! consequ5t results6 ,h[ v sc&al\s1 h[ v injuri\s to ,*ri/'s cause1 :5 ,*ri/ian mission>ies ( diff]5t communions appe> w>r+ "o ) ano!r 9 face ( ! pagan _w6 ,surely ! _w ( paganism is wide en\gh & l>ge en\gh to af=d scope = ! utmo/ ef=ts ( all ,*ri/ians )\t ,european ,*ri/5dom export+ its divisions & qu>rels to af=d matt] = mock]y to sc(f+ idolat]s6 ,we h he>d lately a great deal ab\t ! diff]5ces betwe5 ,roman ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant mission>ies 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 t]m9at+ 9 w> & blood%$ & 9 ! mo/ mis]able recrim9ations ?reat5+ ! peace & welf>e ( ! nations ( ,europe4 ,surely !re mu/ h be5 an error ( judgm5t some:]e or ano!r 9 ?is case1 & ,africa mu/ be ample en\gh to af=d abundant room = ! indep5d5t action ( ! l>ge/ bodies ( mission>ies )\t resort+ to arm$ conflicts :i* recall ! religi\s w>s betwe5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant ,cantons ( ,switz]l&6 ,) ! subsequ5t lab\rs ( ,b>nabas we h no?+ to d1 z he n[ disappe>s f ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1#acd ?\gh x w\ld appe> f a ref]5ce by ,/4 ,paul--#a ,cor4 ix4 #f1 ,or ,i only1 & ,b>nabas1 h we n a "r to =be> work+8--z if at t "t f\r or five ye>s aft] ! qu>rel !y 7 aga9 lab\r+ toge!r at ,ephesus1 :]e ,fir/ ,cor9?ians 0 writt51 or else :y %\ld ,b>nabas be m5tion$ 9 t connexion at all8 #acd ,ecclesia/ical hi/ory & tradition tell u m ab\t ,b>nabas & ,cyprus4 ,!y repres5t ,b>nabas z ! ,apo/le ( ! ,*ur* ( ,cyprus4 ,?is idea play$ a prom95t "p 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,! anci5t connection betwe5 ,antio* & ,cyprus 0 !n kept up1 & ! patri>*s ( ,antio* wi%$ to subject ! ,ar*bi%op & ,bi%ops ( ,cyprus to _! rule4 ,! ,sev5? ,session ( ! ,great ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 :i* dealt ) ! ,ne/orian controv]sy1 0 engag$ ) ?is "q ( ,cyprus4 ,! session 0 held on ,july #ca/1 #dca4 ,! ,cypriote bi%ops claim$ t !y _h be5 free f ! dom9ion ( ,antio* back to apo/olic times1 & ! ,c\ncil confirm$ _! fre$om3 see ,mansi's ,c\ncils1 iv41 #adfe-adgj2 ,hefele's ,c\ncils 7,t4 ,t4 ,cl>k's translation71 vol4 ii41 p4 #gb4 ,=ty ye>s lat] ! same claim 0 advanc$ by ! celebrat$ ,pet] ! ,full]1 ,patri>* ( ,antio*1 & resi/$ by ,an!mius1 ,bi%op ( ,salamis or ,con/antia4 ,! bi%ops ( ,cyprus 7 aga9 successful1 ow+ to ! timely discov]y ( ! body ( ,b>nabas ly+ 9 a tomb ) a copy ( ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w ^u 8 he>t1 :i*1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! times1 settl$ ! po9t 9 dispute3 see ,an!mius 9 ! ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 vol4 i41 p4 #aah4 ,cave1 9 8 ,apo/olici1 or ,lives ( ! ,fa!rs1 pp4 #cc-dc1 dilig5tly collects e scrap ( in=mation ab\t ,/4 ,b>nabas4 ,an e>ly tradition f\nd 9 ! ,clem5t9e ,recognitions1 lib4 i41 cap4 #g1 & dat+ f ab\t ,a4,d4 #bjj1 makes him ! fir/ apo/le to prea* 9 ,rome1 prec$+ ,/4 ,pet] himself1 aga9/ :i* !ory z tr5*+ on ,/4 ,pet]'s pr]ogatives ,c>d9al ,b>onius disputes v vigor\sly 9 8 ,annals1 ,a4,d4 #ea1 lii4-liv42 see also ,dr4 ,salmon on ,clem5t9e ,lit]ature 9 ! ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 i41 #efh4 ,let u n[ briefly indicate ! c\rse ( ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs dur+ ! next ?ree ye>s1 z 8 second mission>y t\r mu/ h ext5d$ ov] at lea/ t space ( "t4 ,/4 ,paul & 8 companion ,silas left ,antio* amid ! pray]s ( ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,evid5tly ! bre?r5 view$ ,paul's conduct ) approbation1 & accompani$ him !re=e ) f]v5t supplications = success 9 8 self-d5y+ lab\rs4 ,he proce$$ by l& into ,cilicia & ,asia ,m9or1 & :]ev] he w5t he deliv]$ ! apo/olic decree 9 ord] t he might c\nt]act ! work+s ( ! ,judais]s4 ,?is decree s]v$ a tw(old purpose4 ,x reliev$ ! m9ds ( ! ,g5tile bre?r5 ) respect to ! law & its obs]vances1 & x also %[$ to !m t ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* & apo/les recognis$ ! ,div9e au?ority & apo/olate ( ,/4 ,paul himself1 :i* ^! false bre?r5 f ,j]usalem _h already assail$1 z !y did f\r or five ye>s lat] bo? 9 ,galatia & at ,cor9?4 ,we "k n :at special t[ns ,/4 ,paul visit$ 9 ,cilicia1 b we may be sure t ! ,*ur* ( ,t>sus1 8 native place1 :]e 9 ! fir/ f]v\r ( 8 conv]sion he _h already lab\r$ = a consid]able p]iod1 mu/ h receiv$ a visit f him4 ,we may be c]ta9 t 8 oppon5ts w\ld n leave su* an important t[n unvisit$1 & we may be equally c]ta9 t ,/4 ,paul1 :o1 z 8 ,epi/les %[1 0 always ke5ly alive to ! op9ion ( 8 conv]ts ) respect to 8 apo/olic au?ority1 w\ld h be5 specially anxi\s to let 8 fell[ t[nsm5 at ,t>sus see t he 0 no unau?oris$ or false tea*]1 b t ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* recognis$ 8 "w & tea*+ 9 ! ample/ mann]4 ,/>t+ !n anew f ,t>sus1 ,paul & ,silas set out ^u an enorm\s j\rney1 p5etrat+1 z few mod]n travell]s ev5 n[ d1 f ! s\?-ea/]n extremity ( ,asia ,m9or to ! nor?-we/]n coa/1 a j\rney :i*1 ) its necess>ily prolong$ delays1 mu/ h tak5 !m at lea/ a ye> & a half4 ,/4 ,paul seems to h c>efully avail$ himself ( ! ,roman road sy/em4 ,we are m]ely giv5 ! v b>e/ outl9e ( ! c\rse :i* he pursu$1 b !n :5 we take up ! index maps ( ,asia ,m9or ins]t$ 9 ,ramsay's ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 %[+ ! road sy/ems at v>i\s p]iods1 we see t a great ,roman road foll[$ ! v r\te :i* ,/4 ,paul took4 ,x />t$ f ,t>sus & pass$ to ,d]be1 :5ce ( c\rse ! road to ,ly/ra1 ,iconium1 & ,antio* _h already be5 trav]s$ by ,/4 ,paul4#ace ,he mu/ h made l5g!n$ visits to all ^! places1 z he _h mu* to d & mu* to tea*4 ,he _h to exp\nd ! decree ( ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil1 to expla9 ,*ri/ian tru?1 to correct ! errors & abuses :i* 7 daily creep+ 91 & to enl>ge ! organisation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* by fre% ord9ations4 ,take ! case ( ,timo?y z an example ( ! tr\ble ,/4 ,paul mu/ h exp]i5c$4 ,he came to ,d]be1 :]e he fir/ f\nd "s ( ! conv]ts made on 8 e>li] t\r2 :5ce he pass$ to ,ly/ra1 :]e he met ,timo?y1 ^: acqua9tance he _h d\btless made on 8 fir/ j\rney4 ,he 0 ! son ( a ,jewess1 ?\gh 8 fa!r 0 a ,g5tile4 ,/4 ,paul took & circumcis$ him to conciliate ! ,jews4 ,! ,apo/le mu/ h be/[$ a great deal ( tr\ble on ?is po9t alone1 expla9+ to ! ,g5tile portion ( ! ,*ri/ian community ! pr9ciples on :i* he act$ & _! p]fect consi/5cy ) 8 own conduct at ,j]usalem & 8 advocacy ( ,g5tile fre$om f ! law4 ,!n he orda9$ him4 ,?is we d n le>n f ! ,acts1 b f ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les to ,timo?y4 ,! ,acts simply says ( ,timo?y1 ,him w\ld ,paul h to g =? ) him4 ,b !n :5 we turn to ! ,epi/les writt5 to ,timo?y1 we f9d t x 0 n z an ord9>y companion t ,timo?y 0 tak54 ,he w5t =? z ,/4 ,paul himself _h gone =? f ! ,*ur* ( ,antio*1 a duly orda9$ & publicly recognis$ mess5g] ( ,*ri/4 ,we c glean f ,/4 ,paul's lett]s to ,timo?y ! ord] & c]emonies ( ?is primitive ord9ation4 ,! rite1 z m9i/]$ on t occasion1 embrac$ prophesy+s or prea*+s by ,/4 ,paul himself & by o!rs ^u ! s]i\s "* ( ! (fice !n und]tak54 ,?is seems pla9ly intimat$ 9 #a ,tim4 i4 #ah3 ,?is *>ge ,i commit unto !e1 my *ild ,timo?y1 accord+ to ! prophecies :i* w5t be=e on !e2 :ile !re seems a ref]5ce to 8 own exhortations & directions 9 #b ,tim4 ii4 #b1 :]e he writes1 ,! ?+s :i* ?\ ha/ he>d f me among _m witnesses1 ! same commit ?\ to fai?ful m54 ,aft] ?is !re 0 probably1 z 9 mod]n ord9ations1 a se>*+ exam9ation ( ! c&idate1 ) a solemn pr(ession ( fai? on 8 "p1 to :i* ,/4 ,paul ref]s 9 #a ,tim4 vi4 #ab1 ,fight ! good fight ( fai?1 lay hold on ! life et]nal1 :]eunto ?\ wa/ call$1 & did/ confess ! good confession 9 ! sight ( _m witnesses4 ,i *>ge !e 9 ! sight ( ,god :o quick5e? all ?+s1 & ( ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o be=e ,pontius ,pilate witness$ ! good confession2 t ?\ keep ! comm&m5t1 )\t spot1 )\t reproa*1 until ! appe>+ ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& f9ally !re came ! imposition ( h&s1 9 :i* ! local presbyt]s assi/$ ,/4 ,paul1 ?\gh ,/4 ,paul 0 s f> ! guid+ & rul+ p]sonage t1 ?\gh 9 "o place 7#a ,tim4 iv4 #ad7 he speaks ( ! gift ( ,god :i* ,timo?y possess$1 z giv5 by prophecy ) ! lay+ on ( ! h&s ( ! presbyt]y1 9 ano!r place he describes x z giv5 to ! "y evangeli/ by ! imposition ( ,/4 ,paul's own h&s 7#b ,tim4 i4 #f74 ,?is ord9ation ( ,timo?y#acf & adoption ( him z 8 special att5dant /ood at ! v beg9n+ ( a prolong$ t\r ?r\gh\t ! c5tral & nor!rn di/ricts ( ,asia ,m9or1 ( :i* we get only a m]e h9t 9 ,acts xvi4 #f-h3 ,!y w5t ?r\gh ! region ( ,phrygia & ,galatia1 hav+ be5 =bidd5 ( ! ,holy ,gho/ to speak ! ^w 9 ,asia2 & :5 !y 7 come ov] aga9/ ,mysia1 !y assay$ to g into ,bi?ynia2 & ! ,_s ( ,jesus suff]$ !m n2 & pass+ by ,mysia1 !y came unto ,troas4 ,?is is ! brief sket* ( ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs ?r\gh ! nor?-we/]n prov9ces ( ,asia ,m9or1 dur+ :i* he visit$ ! di/rict ( ,galatia & prea*$ ! gospel amid ! v>i\s tribal communities ( ,celts :o inhabit$ t di/rict4 #ace ,! record ( a v simil> j\rney p]=m$ five ye>s ago 9 ,july #ahhg may be read 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies = ,april #ahij4 ,mr4 ,d4 ,g4 ,hog>?1 :o writes ! /ory1 travell$ on t occasion f ! bord]s ( ,galatia to ! ,cilician coa/4 ,8 n>rative gives a vivid picture ( ! sc5]y ov] ! ,taurus ,range z ,/4 ,paul mu/ h se5 x on ?is second mission>y t\r1 & ( ! difficulties by :i* he mu/ h be5 surr\nd$4 ,cf4 ,ramsay's ,hi/orical ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 p4 #cfb4 #acf ,cave has a long acc\nt ( ,timo?y 9 8 ,apo/olici1 or ,lives ( ! ,fa!rs1 pp4 #de-ec1 :]e he gives an acc\nt ( ,timo?y's m>tyrdom at ,ephesus f ,photius1 ! celebrat$ ,greek s*ol> & patri>* ( ! n9? c5tury3 see ,photius1 ,biblio!ca1 cod4 #bed1 & ! ,acta ,sanctorum = ,janu>y1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #efb-fi4 ,timo?y is said 9 ! ,m>tyrologies to h be5 buri$ on ,m\nt ,prion1 a hill ^u ! side ( :i* anci5t ,ephesus 0 built 7see ,wood's ,ephesus1 *ap4 i471 aft] he 0 cruelly put to dea? by ! ,ephesians enrag$ at 8 prote/ aga9/ "o ( _! popul> fea/s4 ,he suff]$ "u ,domitian ab\t ?irty ye>s aft] ,/4 ,paul1 & accord+ to ,photius 0 succe$$ at ,ephesus by ,/4 ,john1 :o _h be5 recall$ f exile4 ,8 fea/-day 9 ! ,cal5d> is ,janu>y #bd?4 ,/4 ,paul's "w 9 ,galatia is specially int]e/+ to ourselves4 ,! ,celtic race c]ta9ly furni%$ ! gr\ndwork ( ! population 9 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ,scotl&1 & f9ds to ?is day l9eal repres5tatives 9 ! ,celtic-speak+ inhabitants ( ^! ?ree isl&s4 ,galatia 0 ?or\ghly ,celtic 9 ,/4 ,paul's day4 ,b h[1 x may be said1 did ! ,gauls come !re8 ,we all "k ( ! ,gauls or ,celts 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 & e p]son ( ev5 mod]ate education has he>d ( ! ,gauls :o invad$ ,italy & sack$ ,rome :5 t city 0 yet an unkn[n factor 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 & yet b v few "k t ! same wave ( invasion :i* br\ght ! ,gauls to ,rome l$ ano!r division ( !m into ,asia ,m9or1 :]e--z ,dr4 ,lightfoot %[s 9 8 ,introduction to 8 ,comm5t>y--ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s be=e ,/4 ,paul's day !y settl$ d[n 9 ! region call$ aft] !m ,galatia1 p]petuat+ 9 t neighb\rhood ! tribal organisation1 ! language1#acg ! national feel+s1 habits1 & cu/oms :i* h univ]sally m>k$ ! ,celtic race :e!r 9 anci5t or 9 mod]n times4 ,/4 ,paul on ?is second mission>y t\r paid 8 fir/ visit to ?is di/rict ( ,galatia4 ,/4 ,paul usually direct$ 8 att5tion to great cities4 ,:]e va/ masses ( humanity 7 ga!r$ toge!r1 !re ,/4 ,paul lov$ to fl+ himself ) all ! mighty =ce ( 8 unqu5*able en?usiasm4 ,b ,galatia 0 q unlike o!r di/ricts ) :i* he _h dealt 9 ?is special respect4 ,l ! ,celtic race all ! _w ov]1 ! ,gauls ( ,galatia specially delight$ 9 village communities4 ,!y did n c>e = ! society & tone ( great t[ns1 & ,galatia 0 want+ 9 su*4 ,/4 ,paul1 too1 does n seem orig9ally to h int5d$ to lab\r among/ ! ,galatians at all4 ,9 view ( 8 great design to prea* 9 l>ge cities1 & conc5trate 8 ef=ts :]e !y c\ld mo/ effectually tell ^u ! masses1 he seems to h be5 hurry+ ?r\gh ,galatia :5 ,god laid ,8 heavy h& ^u ! ,apo/le & delay$ 8 c\rse t we might be able to see h[ ! gospel c\ld tell ^u ,gauls & ,celts ev5 z ^u o!r nations4 ,?is int]e/+ circum/ance is made kn[n to u by ,/4 ,paul himself 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians iv4 #ac3 ,ye "k t because ( an infirmity ( ! fle% ,i prea*$ ! gospel unto y = ! fir/ "t4 ,paul1 to put x 9 pla9 language1 fell sick 9 ,galatia4#ach ,he 0 delay$ on 8 j\rney by ! oph?almia or "s o!r =m ( disease1 :i* 0 8 ?orn 9 ! fle%1 & !n1 utilis+ ! compulsory delay1 & turn+ e mom5t to advantage1 he evangelis$ ! village communities ( ,galatia ) :i* he came 9 contact1 s t 8 ,epi/le is direct$1 n z 9 o!r cases to ! ,*ur* ( a city or to an individual man1 b ! ,epi/le 9 :i* he deals ) great fundam5tal que/ions ( ,*ri/ian fre$om is address$ to ! ,*ur*es ( ,galatia1 a va/ di/rict ( c\ntry4 ,m]e accid5t1 z x w\ld seem to ! eye ( s5se1 produc$ ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 :i* %[s u ! peculi> weakness & ! peculi> /r5g? ( ! ,celtic race1 _! en?usiasm1 _! g5u9e w>m?1 _! fickl5ess1 _! love = t :i* is /rik+1 %[y1 mat]ial1 ext]ior4#aci ,b :5 we pass f ,galatia we "k no?+ ( ! c\rse ( ,/4 ,paul's fur!r lab\rs 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,/4 ,luke 0 n ) him dur+ ?is portion ( 8 "w1 & s ! details giv5 u are v few4 ,we are told t ! ,_s ( ,jesus w\ld n p]mit him to prea* 9 ,bi?ynia1 ?\gh ,bi?ynia became aft]w>ds ri* 9 ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 & 0 "o ( ! di/ricts to :i* ,/4 ,pet] "s ye>s lat] address$ 8 fir/ ,epi/le4#adj ,! ,jews 7 num]\s 9 ! di/ricts ( ,bi?ynia & ,asia1 & ! ,_s ( ,jesus or ! ,holy ,gho/--= ! sacr$ writ] seems to use ! t]ms z equival5t ! "o to ! o!r--_h det]m9$ to utilise ,/4 ,paul 9 work+ directly among ! ,g5tiles1 res]v+ ! prea*+ ( ! gospel to ! ,disp]sion1 z ! scatt]$ ,jews 7 call$1 to ,/4 ,pet] & 8 fri5ds4 ,x is ?us we w\ld expla9 ! re/ra9t ex]cis$ ^u ,/4 ,paul on ?is occasion4 ,div9e provid5ce _h cut out 8 great "w 9 ,europe1 & 0 impell+ him we/w>d ev5 :5 he desir$ to t>ry 9 ,asia4 ,h[ ! ,_s ex]cis$ ?is re/ra9t or communicat$ ,8 w we "k n4 ,/4 ,paul liv$1 h[ev]1 9 an atmosph]e ( ,div9e communion4 ,he cultivat$ p]petually a s5se ( ! ,div9e pres5ce1 & ^? :o d s1 exp]i5ce a guidance ( :i* ! out] _w kn[s no?+4 ,bi%op ,j]emy ,taylor1 9 "o ( 8 m>vell\s spiritual disc\rses call$ ! ,via ,intellig5ti1 or ,! ,way ( ,k1 speaks mu* on ?is subject1 po9t+ out t !y :o live close/ to ,god h a k & a love peculi> to !mselves4#ada ,& surely e s9c]e & e>ne/ foll[] ( ,*ri/ has exp]i5c$ some:at ( ! same my/ical bless+s6 ,god's true/ s]vants commit _! lives & _! actions 9 dev\t pray] to ! guidance ( _! heav5ly ,fa!r1 & !n :5 !y look back ov] ! pa/ !y see h[ m>vell\sly !y h be5 re/ra9$ f c\rses :i* w\ld h be5 fraught ) evil1 h[ /rangely !y h be5 l$ by ways :i* h be5 full ( m]cy & goodness & bless+4 ,?us x 0 t ,/4 ,paul 0 at l5g? l$ d[n to ! anci5t city ( ,troas1 :]e ,god reveal$ to him 9 a new fa%ion 8 orda9$ field ( lab\r4 ,a man ( ,mac$onia appe>$ 9 a night vision invit+ him ov] to ,europe1 & say+1 ,come ov] into ,mac$onia1 & help u4 ,troas 0 a v fitt+ place 9 :i* ?is vision %\ld appe>4 ,( old "t & 9 days ( classic fable ,troas _h be5 ! meet+-place :]e1 z ,hom] & z ,virgil tell1 ,europe & ,asia _h met 9 /]n conflict1 & :]e ,europe z repres5t$ by ,greece _h come (f victori\s1 br++ home ! spoils :i* human nature c\nt$ mo/ preci\s4 ,europe & ,asia aga9 meet at ,troas1 b no long] 9 c>nal conflict or 9 deadly fight4 ,! int]e/s ( ,europe & ( ,asia aga9 t\* "o ano!r1 & ,europe aga9 c>ries (f f ! same spot spoil m preci\s f> ?an ,grecian poet ev] dreamt (1 = :5 ,paul _h se5 ! vision1 /raightway we s\ght to g =? into ,mac$onia1 conclud+ t ,god call$ u = to prea* ! gospel unto !m4 ,:]eupon we notice two po9ts & (f] j two obs]vations4 ,! vision creat$ an en?usiasm1 & t en?usiasm 0 contagi\s4 ,! vision 0 se5 by ,paul alone1 b 0 communicat$ by ,/4 ,paul unto ,silas & to ,/4 ,luke1 :o n[ _h jo9$ to l5d p]haps ! assi/ance ( 8 m$ical k to ! afflict$ & suff]+ ,apo/le4 ,en?usiasm is a m>vell\s p[]1 & end[s a man ) wondr\s =ce4 ,/4 ,paul 0 boil+ ov] ) en?usiasm1 b he c\ld n always imp>t x4 ,! two non-apo/olic ,evangeli/s are m>k$ contra/s z br\ght be=e u 9 ?is hi/ory4 ,/4 ,paul 0 en?usia/ic on 8 fir/ t\r1 b t en?usiasm 0 n communicat$ to ,/4 ,m>k4 ,he turn$ back f ! h>d%ips & dang]s ( ! "w 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,/4 ,paul 0 boil+ ov] aga9 ) en?usiasm = ! new "w 9 ,europe4 ,he has n[ ) him 9 ,/4 ,luke a cong5ial s\l :o1 :5 he he>s ! vision1 ga!rs at once its import1 joyfully anticipates ! "w1 & /raightway s\ght to g =? into ,mac$onia4 ,en?usiasm 9 any k9d ( "w is a great assi/ance1 & no?+ great or successful is done )\t x4 ,b above all 9 ,div9e "w1 9 ! "w ( prea*+ ! gospel1 ! man devoid ( en?usiasm begott5 ( liv+ communion ) ,god su* z ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,luke enjoy$ is sure to be a lam5table & complete failure4 #acg ,! prov9ces ( ,asia ,m9or all reta9$ _! anci5t languages at ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,lat9 & ,greek 7 ! language ( society1 b ! mass ( ! p all spoke ! orig9al language ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 f\r c5turies aft] ,/4 ,paul1 ,celtic 0 /ill spok5 9 ,galatia z well z 9 ,gaul4 ,/4 ,paul mu/ !n h he>d a language id5tical ) t ( ,wales & ! we/]n di/ricts ( ,irel& & ,scotl&1 z is %[n by ,bi%op ,lightfoot 9 8 ,galatians1 pp4 #bdj-dd1 by 8 analysis ( ! rema9s ( ! ,galatian language :i* anci5t writ]s h h&$ d[n to u4 ,texi]1 a mod]n ,fr5* travell]1 ?\ght t he c\ld ev5 trace ,celtic features 9 ! pres5t inhabitants ( ! di/rict4 ,cf4 ,lightfoot's ,galatians1 p4 #ab4 ,x is v probable t a c>eful /udy ( ! exi/+ language ( ,galatia1 :5 treat$ accord+ to ! me?ods ( mod]n sci5tific philology1 w\ld disclose ,celtic elem5ts4 ,:5 ,celtic elem5ts surviv$ 9 ,engl& & ,france1 x is n likely !y di$ out 9 ,galatia4 ,we "k at any rate t ! o!r orig9al languages ( ,asia ,m9or h n p]i%$ )\t leav+ "s traces beh9d4 ,!re is a le>n$ ,review publi%$ at ,smyrna f "t to "t4 ,x is call$ ! ,museum ( ! ,evangelical ,s*ool ( ,smyrna4 ,9 ! volume publi%$ = #ahhj-hd !re is an article ( m ?an #bjj pages treat+ ( ! anci5t ,cappadocian & ,lycaonian dialects1 & ! traces ( !m :i* rema94 ,on p4 #ga !re is a notice ( ! accuracy ) :i* ,acts xiv4 #aa m5tions ! spee* or dialect ( ! m5 ( ,ly/ra1 :i* ,mr4 ,hog>?1 9 ! article 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 ,april #ahij1 p4 #aeg1 to :i* we h already ref]r$1 id5tifies ) ! ,phrygian dialect spok5 till ! six? c5tury ( our era4 ,mr4 ,hog>? copi$ sev]al inscriptions 9 ?is anci5t ,lycaonian or ,phrygian spee*4 ,see also an ,engli% article by ,pr(essor ,w4 ,m4 ,ramsay 9 ,khn's ,j\rnal ( ,comp>ative ,philology = #ahhg1 :]e he treats ( ?is ,lycaonian spee*1 & av[s 8 belief 7p4 #chb7 t ,grco-,roman civilisation & language did n beg9 to affect ! rural p>ts ( ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n ,phrygia till ,a4,d4 #ajj1 long aft] ,/4 ,paul's day4 ,! mass ( ! p spoke no?+ b ! orig9al ,phrygian4 ,! read] :o wi%es to inve/igate :at ,i consid] ! be>+ ( ?is subject on ! gift ( tongues %\ld consult ano!r article 9 ,engli% by ,pr(essor ,ramsay1 /yl$ ,laodicea ,combu/a1 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,g]man ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 vol4 xiii41 p4 #bdh 7,a!ns1 #ahhh74 #ach ,see ,lightfoot's ,galatians1 pp4 #bb & #agb4 #aci ,^? :o h access to great libr>ies w see a good description ( ,galatia accompani$ ) spl5did plates 9 ,texi]'s ,description de l',asie1 9 #c vols4 folio1 publi%$ at ,p>is betwe5 #ahci & #ahdi4 ,mr4 ,lew9 has reproduc$ "s ( ! pictures 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,paul4 #adj ,we owe "o ( ! e>lie/ glimpses ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* aft] apo/olic days to ?is same prov9ce ( ,bi?ynia4 ,pl9y w5t !re z proconsul ab\t #aaj ,a4,d4 ,he f\nd ! :ole c\ntry cov]$ ) ,*ri/ians1 & ! ,*ur* organis$1 ) deaconesses ev51 z 9 ,greece & ,ephesus4 ,see ! fir/ volume ( ?is comm5t>y1 p4 #bgd4 ,! picture ( ! sa9tly slave deaconesses tortur$ = _! fai? )9 t5 ye>s ( ,/4 ,john's dea? is an int]e/+ confirmation ( ! fai?4 ,x w\ld be in/ructive to trace back ! connexion ( ! second-c5tury m>tyrs :o h be5 well au!nticat$1 ) ! ,*ur*es f\nd$ by ! apo/les4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr suff]$1 = in/ance1 at ,rome ab\t ,a4,d4 #afe4 ,) him !re di$ ,hi]ax1 :o _h be5 born ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts at ,iconium4 ,8 gr&fa!r might h be5 conv]t$ by ,/4 ,paul4 ,9 8 exam9ation he dwells ^u ! fact t he _h be5 born ( believ+ p>5ts4 ,see ,ru9>t's ,acta ,s9c]a1 p4 #dd1 a translation ( :i* passage w be f\nd 9 ! works ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 9 ,cl>k's ,s]ies ( ,ante-,nic5e ,writ]s4 #ada ,see ?is s]mon 9 ,taylor's works1 vol4 viii41 ,ed4 ,c4 ,p4 ,ed5 7,london1 #ahej74 ,on p4 #chj we f9d ! foll[+ eloqu5t & pr(\nd passage be>+ on ?is po9t3 ,la/ly !re is a sort ( ,god's de> s]vants :o walk 9 p]fectness1 :o p]fect hol9ess 9 ! fe> ( ,god1 & !y h a degree ( *>ity & div9e k m ?an we c disc\rse (1 & m c]ta9 ?an ! demon/rations ( geometry1 bright] ?an ! sun & indefici5t z ! light ( heav54 ,?is is call$ by ! ,apo/le ! 4 ,*ri/ is ?is 'brightness ( ,god' manife/$ 9 ! he>ts ( ,8 de>e/ s]vants4 ,b ,i %all say no m ( ?is at ?is "t1 = ?is is to be felt & n to be talk$ (2 & !y t h nev] t\*$ x ) _! f+]1 may secretly p]haps laugh at x 9 _! he>t1 & be nev] ! wis]4 ,all t ,i h n[ to say ( x is1 t a good man is unit$ unto ,god1 1 z a flame t\*es a flame & comb9es into spl5d\r & glory2 s is ! _s ( a man unit$ unto ,*ri/ by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,^! are ! fri5ds ( ,god1 & !y be/ "k ,god's m9d1 & !y only t are s "k h[ mu* su* m5 d "k4 ,!y h a special unction f above4 ,!n aga91 & la/ly1 we note ! sl[ progress ( ! gospel z %[n to u by ?is incid5t at ,troas4 ,"h we are a good tw5ty ye>s aft] ! ,crucifixion1 & yet ! *ief m9i/]s & lead]s ( ! ,*ur* _h n yet cross$ into ,europe4 ,!re 7 sporadic ,*ur*es "h & !re4 ,at ,rome & at possibly a few ,italian seaports1 :5ce int]c\rse ) ,pale/9e 0 frequ5t1 !re 7 small ,*ri/ian communities2 b ,mac$onia & ,greece 7 absolutely unt\*$ up to ! pres5t4 ,we are v apt to ov]rate ! progress ( ! gospel dur+ ^? fir/ days ( ! ,*ur*'s e>lie/ ,*ur* life4 ,we are incl9$ to view ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies all on an heap z x 74 ,we h mu* ne$ to di/+ui% c5tury f c5tury & dec5nium f dec5nium4 ,! fir/ t5 ye>s ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory saw ! gospel prea*$ 9 ,j]usalem & ,pale/9e1 b n mu* f>!r4 ,! second dec5nium saw x proclaim$ to ,asia ,m9or2 b x is only :5 ! ?ird dec5nium is op5+ t ,*ri/ despat*es a =mal mission to t ,europe :]e ! greate/ triumphs ( ! gospel 7 aft]w>ds to be won4 ,ignorance & prejudice & n>r[ views _h be5 all[$ to h9d] ! progress ( ! gospel !n1 z !y are h9d]+ ! progress ( ! gospel /ill2 & an express record ( ?is has be5 h&$ d[n to u 9 ?is typical hi/ory 9 ord] t if we too suff] ! same we may n be a/oni%$ z if "s /range ?+ _h happ5$1 b may und]/& t we are be>+ ! same burd5 & endur+ ! same trials z ! ,new ,te/am5t sa9ts h borne be=e u4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,/4 ,,paul ,,9 ,,mac$onia4 ,! jailor call$ = lights1 & sprang 91 &1 trembl+ = fe>1 fell d[n be=e ,paul & ,silas1 & said1 ,sirs1 :at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8 ,& !y said1 ,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus1 & ?\ %alt be sav$1 ?\ & ?y h\se--,,acts xvi4 #bi-ca4 ,:5 !y _h pass$ ?r\gh ,amphipolis & ,apollonia1 !y came to ,!ssalonica1 :]e 0 a synagogue ( ! ,jews3 & ,paul1 z 8 cu/om 01 w5t 9 unto !m1 & = ?ree ,sabba? days reason$ ) !m f ! ,scriptures4444 ,& ! bre?r5 imm$iately s5t away ,paul & ,silas by night into ,b]a3 :o :5 !y 7 come ?i!r w5t into ! synagogue ( ! ,jews4--,,acts xvii4 #a1 #b1 #aj4 ,troas 0 at ?is "t ! t]m9ation ( ,/4 ,paul's ,asiatic travels4 ,he _h pass$ diagonally "r ?r\gh ,asia ,m9or1 foll[+ ! great ,roman roads :i* det]m9$ 8 l9e ( m>*4 ,f ,troas he proce$$ to ,philippi1 & = exactly ! same reason4 ,all ! great roads =m$ "u ! emp]ors d[n to ! "t ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great l$ to ,rome4 ,:5 ! seat ( empire 0 mov$ to ,con/ant9ople1 all ! ,asiatic roads conv]g$ ^u t city2 b 9 ,/4 ,paul's day ,rome 0 ! _w's c5tre ( attraction1 & ?i!r ! highways all t5d$4 ,?is fact expla9s ,/4 ,paul's movem5ts4 ,! ,egnatian ,road 0 "o ( ! great *annels ( communication e/abli%$ = ,/ate purposes by ,rome1 & ?is road ran f ,neapolis1 :]e ,/4 ,paul l&$1 ?r\gh ,philippi on to ,dyrra*ium1 a port on ! ,adriatic1 :5ce ! travell] took %ip to ,brundusium1 ! mod]n ,br9disi1 & !nce rea*$ ,rome4 ,:at a /rik+ comm5t>y we f9d 9 ?is simple fact ^u ! words ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ,galatians iv4 #d3 ,:5 ! fulness ( ! "t came ,god s5t =? ,8 ,son4 ,roman dom9ion involv$ mu* suff]+ & w> & blood%$1 b x secur$ ! network ( communication1 ! int]nal peace1 & ! /eady1 regul> gov]nm5t :i* n[ cov]$ ,europe z well z ,asia1 & ?us = ! fir/ "t 9 ! _w's hi/ory r5d]$ ! diffusion ( ! gospel possible1 z ,/4 ,paul's example "h %[s4 ,! voyage f ,troas to ,neapolis 0 tak5 by ! ,apo/le aft] ! usual fa%ion ( ! "t4#adb ,neapolis 0 ! port ( ,philippi1 :5ce x is di/ant "s eight miles4 ,travell]s f ! ,ea/ to ,rome always l&$ !re1 & !n took ! ,egnatian ,road :i* />t$ f ,neapolis4 ,if !y 7 (ficial p]sons !y c\ld use ! public po/al s]vice1 po/-h\ses be+ e/abli%$ at a di/ance ( six miles f "o ano!r1 :]e relays ( horses 7 kept at ! public exp5se1 to c>ry p]sons travell+ on ! imp]ial s]vice4#adc ,paul & ,silas1 ,timo?y & ,luke1 mu/1 h[ev]1 h travell$ on foot along ! ,egnatian ,road f ,neapolis to ,philippi1 :i* 0 _! fir/ objective po9t1 accord+ to ,/4 ,paul's usual policy1 ( attack+ l>ge & important c5tres ( population1 & !n leav+ ! sacr$ leav5 to "w out into ! surr\nd+ mass ( paganism4 ,philippi amply rew>d$ ! wisdom ( 8 plan1 & ! ,philippian ,*ur* became notable = its zeal1 its fai?1 its activity1 among ! ,*ur*es :i* ow$ _! orig9 to ! ,apo/le1 z we le>n f ! ,epi/les address$ to ! ,cor9?ians & to ! ,philippians !mselves a %ort "t aft] ! f\ndation ( ! ,philippian ,*ur*4 #adb ,bo? ,lew9 & ,conybe>e & ,h[son 9 _! ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul ent] into great details ab\t ! sc5]y & o!r circum/ances ( ,/4 ,paul's voyage f ,troas to ,neapolis1 :i* w\ld be out ( place 9 ?is comm5t>y1 ev5 if space did all[ _! ins]tion4 ,mr4 ,lew9's acc\nt is specially int]e/+1 z he gives ! impressions made ^u himself :5 go+ ov] ! gr\nd4 ,^! writ]s all po9t out t ,/4 ,paul mu/ h travell$ ) a fair w9d2 ,conybe>e & ,h[son ev5 try to det]m9e its exact direction1 :i* !y ma9ta9 0 f ! s\?w>d4 ,o!rwise he c\ld n h made ! passage 9 two days1 or foll[$ ! c\rse actually tak54 ,on a subsequ5t occasion 7,acts xx4 #f7 ,/4 ,paul took five days 9 sail+ f ,philippi to ,troas4 #adc ,po/s = ! conveyance ( intellig5ce 7 e/abli%$ by ,augu/us 7see ,suetonius1 ,aug41 #di74 ,gibbon1 9 ! second *apt] ( 8 ,hi/ory1 has mu* in=mation on ?is po9t4 ,! read] curi\s 9 su* matt]s w f9d a le>n$ acc\nt ( ! ,roman po/al s]vice 9 ,godefroy's ,comm5t>y on ! ,!odosian ,code1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ebf1 :]e he traces ! sy/em d[n f ,augu/us to ! ye> #djj ,a4,d4 ,x 0 some:at simil> to t :i* n[ prevails 9 ,russia4 ,an int]e/+ /ory is told conc]n+ ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 :i* illu/rates ! sy/em4 ,dur+ ! ,diocletian p]secution ,con/ant9e1 ^: lean+s t[>ds ,*ri/ianity 7 suspect$1 0 resid+ 9 ,asia ,m9or ) ! ,emp]or ,gal]ius1 ! det]m9$ enemy ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,con/ant9e knew t !re 0 a plot aga9/ him1 s1 hav+ obta9$ ! au?ority necess>y to use ! po/1 he fl$ secretly "o night1 & z he rode along took fre% horses1 & at ! same "t br\ght ! tir$ animals ) him4 ,:5 8 enemies foll[$ him next day1 !y f\nd ! po/ /ables empty1 & _! prey escap$ )\t any possibility ( pursuit4 ,see ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 vol4 i41 p4 #ebf1 ,art4 ,con/ant9us ,i41 & ,de ,broglie1 ,l'glise et ,l',empire1 vol4 i41 p4 #aib4 ,n[ let u look at ! circum/ances "u :i* t f\ndation 0 laid4 ,to und]/& !m we mu/ g back ^u ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,philippi 0 a city built by ,k+ ,philip1 ! fa!r ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,aft] ! conque/ ( ,mac$onia by ! ,romans1 x became fam\s z ! sc5e ( ! great battle betwe5 ,brutus & ,cassius on ! "o h&1 & ,m>k ,antony & ,augu/us on ! o!r1 :i* decid$ ! fate ( ! empire & influ5c$ ! c\rse ( ! _w's hi/ory z few o!r battles h done4 ,at ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul's visit ! memory ( t battle 0 fre%1 & ! outw>d & visible signs !re( 7 to be se5 on e side1 z inde$ "s ( !m are /ill to be se51 ! triumphal ar*es1 = in/ance1 erect$ 9 memory ( ! victory & ! m\nd or ramp>t ( e>? rais$ by ,brutus to h9d] ! advance ( ! oppos+ =ces4#add ,b ^! ?+s _h = ! holy travell]s a v slight int]e/1 z _! he>ts 7 set ^u a mighti] conflict & a nobl] w> f> ?an any ev] be=e wag$ ^u e>?'s surface4 ,!re is no m5tion made 9 ! sacr$ n>rative ( ! memories connect$ ) ! place1 & yet ,/4 ,luke1 z an hone/ writ] sett+ d[n facts ( :i* he _h =m$ an important "p1 lets slip "s expressions :i* involve & ?r[ u back ^u ! hi/ory ( ! place = an explanation1 %[+ h[ impossible x is to grasp ! full =ce & mean+ ( ! sacr$ writ]s unless we /rive to read ! ,bible ) ! eyes ( ! p :o liv$ at ! "t & = :om x 0 writt54 ,/4 ,luke calls ,philippi a city ( ,mac$onia1 ! fir/ ( ! di/rict1 a colony4 ,n[ ?is means t 9 t "t x 0 situat$ 9 ! ,roman prov9ce ( ,mac$onia1 t x 0 ei!r ! capital ( ! division ( ,mac$onia1 9 :i* x 0 situat$1 ,mac$onia be+ subdivid$ into f\r di/9ct divisions :i* 7 kept p]fectly sep>ate1 or else t x 0 ! fir/ city ! travell] met ^u ent]+ ,mac$onia f ,asia1 & fur!r t x 0 a ,roman colony1 & ?us possess$ peculi> privileges4 ,:5 we read 9 ! ,bible ( colonies we mu/ n und]/& ! ^w 9 our mod]n s5se4 ,colonies 7 !n simply transcripts ( ! orig9al city :5ce !y _h come4 ,roman colonies 7 m9iatures or copies ( ,rome itself transplant$ into ! prov9ces1 & rul+ z su* amid ! conqu]$ races :]e !y 7 plac$4 ,!y s]v$ a tw(old purpose4 ,!y act$ z g>risons to re/ra9 ! turbul5ce ( ! neighb\r+ tribes2 & if we /udy ,roman geography c>efully we %all f9d t !y 7 always plac$ 9 neighb\rhoods :]e _! milit>y importance is pla9ly manife/2 & fur!r /ill1 !y 7 us$ z conv5i5t places to locate ! vet]an soldi]s ( ,italy :o _h s]v$ _! "t1 :]e !y 7 rew>d$ ) grants ( l&1 & 7 utilis+ at ! same "t ! skill & exp]i5ce 9 milit>y matt]s :i* !y _h ga9$1 = ! g5]al b5efit ( ! ,/ate4 #add ,! rema9s ( ?is ramp>t /ill exi/4 ,!y are describ$ 9 ! ,mission ,ar*ologique de ,macdo9e1 p4 #ajc1 c>ri$ out "u ! direction ( ,m4 ,leon ,heuzey1 by ord] ( ,napoleon ,,iii41 & publi%$ at ,p>is betwe5 #ahfd & #ahgf4 ,augu/us made ,philippi into a colony1 erect+ a triumphal ar* to celebrate 8 victory ov] ,brutus1 & plac+ !re a l>ge settlem5t ( 8 vet]ans :o secur$ = him ?is important outpo/4 ,! colonies :i* 7 ?us disp]s$ along ! milit>y fronti]1 z we %\ld put x 9 mod]n language1 7 specially privileg$4 ,all ! settl]s 7 ,roman citiz5s1 & ! gov]nm5t ( ! colony 0 l t ( ! "m city itself1 9 ! h&s ( two magi/rates1 call$ 9 ,greek ,/rategoi1 or 9 ,lat9 ,prtors1#ade :o rul$ accord+ to ! laws ( ! ,twelve ,tables & aft] ,roman me?ods1 ?\gh p]haps all ! neighb\r+ cities 7 /ill us+ _! anci5t laws & cu/oms h&$ d[n f times long prior to ! ,roman ,conque/4 ,! details giv5 u by ,/4 ,luke are 9 ! /ricte/ accordance 9 all ^! respects ) ! facts :i* we "k indep5d5tly conc]n+ ! hi/ory & political /atus ( ,philippi4 #ade ,! prop] (ficial title ( ! highe/ magi/rates ( a colony 0 ,duumviri4 ,! colonies :]e a ,greek _s prevail$ did n l ?is title1 & call$ !mselves ,prtors1 or 1 z 9 ! case ( ,philippi4 ,9 exact accordance ) ,/4 ,luke's usage ,cic]o1 a c5tury e>li]1 tells u 9 "o ( 8 ,epi/les1 speak+ ( ! vanity ( ,capua1 :i* 0 ?or\ghly ,greek 9 _s1 & !re=e v va93 ,:ile 9 o!r colonies ! magi/rates are call$ ,duumviri1 ^! wi% !mselves to be /yl$ ,prtors1 a weakness laugh$ at 9 ,horace's ,satires1 lib4 i41 v4 #cd-f4 ,dion ,*ryso/om1 a ,greek rhetorician ( ,/4 ,paul's day1 mocks ! ,greeks = ! same fla%y _s4 ,/4 ,paul & 8 companions arriv$ 9 ,philippi 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! week4 ,he 0 by ?is "t a ?or\ghly exp]i5c$ travell]4 ,five ye>s lat]1 :5 writ+ 8 ,second ,epi/le to ,cor9?1 he tells u t he _h be5 already ?ree times %ipwreck$2 s t1 unless peculi>ly un=tunate1 he mu/ h already made ext5d$ & repeat$ sea voyages1 ?\gh up to ! pres5t we h only he>d ( ! j\rneys f ,antio* to ,cyprus1 f ,cyprus to ,p]ga1 & f ,attaleia back to ,antio*4#adf ,a two days' voyage across ! fre% & roll+ wat]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 foll[+ by a /eep climb ov] ,m\nta9 ,pangu :i* int]v5es betwe5 ,philippi & its port ,neapolis1 made1 h[ev]1 a re/ ( a day or two v acceptable to ! ,apo/le & 8 fri5ds4 ,/4 ,paul nev] expect$ too mu* f 8 own body1 or f ! bodies ( 8 companions2 & ?\gh he knew ! "w ( a _w's salvation 0 press+1 yet he c\ld take & enjoy a well-e>n$ holiday f "t to "t4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ,/4 ,paul ( t et]nal fuss9ess :i* we at times see 9 p ( /rong imag9ations b weak self-control1 :o1 realis+ ! awful am\nt ( woe & wick$ness 9 ! _w1 c nev] be at re/ ev5 = a little4 ,! m5 ( ,god rema9$ quiet !re=e 7*4 xvi4 #ab1 #ac7 till ! ,sabba? ,day1 :51 aft] _! usual cu/om1 !y s\ght out 9 ! e>ly morn+ ! ,jewi% place ( wor%ip1 :]e ,/4 ,paul always fir/ proclaim$ ! gospel4 ,! ,jewi% colony resid5t at ,philippi mu/ h be5 a v small "o4 ,! ,rabb9ical rule 0 t :]e t5 wise m5 exi/$ !re a synagogue might be e/abli%$4#adg ,!re _c !re=e h be5 t5 le>n$1 respectable1 & sub/antial ,jews 9 ,philippi compet5t to act z a local sanh$r9 or c\rt4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ! ,jews c\ld n e/abli% a synagogue1 !y did n live )\t any ext]nal expression ( religion4 ,!y knew h[ easily neglect ( public wor%ip is foll[$ by practical a!ism1 z we (t5 see4 ,m5 may say inde$ t ,god c be realis$1 & c be wor%ipp$ any:]e1--a v great tru? & a v preci\s "o = ^? :o are unavoidably cut (f f ! public wor%ip ( ! ,mo/ ,high2 b a tru? :i* has no application to ^? :o wilfully cut !mselves (f f t wor%ip :i* has ! cov5ant$ promise ( ,8 pres5ce4 ,x is n a good sign = ! "y m5 ( ?is g5]ation t s _m ( !m utt]ly neglect public wor%ip2 = z surely z m5 act s1 !n pres5t neglect w be foll[$ by a total =getfulness ( ! ,et]nal1 & by a disreg>d ( ! laws :i* ,he has e/abli%$ among/ m54 ,! ,jews at ,philippi did n foll[ ?is example2 :5 !y c\ld n e/abli% a synagogue !y set ap>t an oratory or ,place ( ,pray]1 :i!r !y resort$ on ! ,sabba? ,day to hon\r ! ,god ( _! fa!rs1 & to keep alive 9 _! *ildr5's he>ts ! memory ( ,8 laws & do+s4#adh #adf ,! common pronunciation ( ,attaleia1 or z x is spelt 9 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion1 ,attalia1 is ) ! %ort4 ,! i repres5ts1 h[ev]1 ! ,greek diph?ong 1 & is long4 #adg ,see ,dr4 ,john ,lightfoot's ,hor ,hebraic on ,matt4 iv4 #bc2 ,works 7,london1 #afhd71 vol4 ii41 pp4 #acb-cd1 = ! ,rabb9ical legislation on ,synagogues & _! erection4 #adh ,a local illu/ration ( ?is typical ,*ur* hi/ory occurs to me4 ,oliv] ,cromwell plant$ ,irel&1 especially ! gold5 vale ( ,tipp]>y1 ) 8 ,puritan soldi]s4 ,!y 7 /rong ,noncon=mi/s1 & refus$ !re=e aft] ! ,re/oration to wor%ip accord+ to ! =ms ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,_! *ildr5 aft] a g5]ation or two almo/ univ]sally fell into ! arms ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 & n[ _m ( ! lead+ memb]s ( ! ,national ,league are ,roman ,ca?olic desc5dants ( ,cromwell's ,puritans1 & display /ill ! same vigor\s qualities :i* adorn$ _! ,prote/ant ance/ors 9 ! copi\s abuse !y p\r ^u ! memory ( ! m5 f :om !y are desc5d$4 ,! orig9al "n ( ,philippi 0 ,cr5ides1 or ,place ( ,/reams4#adi ,beside "o ( ^! /reams ! ,jews _h plac$ _! oratory1 & !re ,/4 ,paul prea*$ 8 fir/ s]mon 9 ,europe & ga9$ ,lydia1 8 fir/ ,european conv]t1 a ,jewess by blood1 a woman ( ,?yatira 9 ,asia ,m9or by bir?1 ( ,philippi 9 ,mac$onia by resid5ce1 & a dy] 9 purple by trade4#aej ,! congregation ( wom5 assembl$ at t oratory mu/ h be5 a v small "o4 ,:5 ,philippi did n af=d a suffici5t ,jewi% population = ! erection ( a synagogue su* z 0 f\nd among ! small] t[ns ( ,asia ,m9or1 & su* z we %all 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t t\r f9d to h exi/$ at t[ns & cities ( no great size 9 ,greece & ,mac$onia1 !n we may be sure t ! female population1 :o assembl$ t ,sabba? morn+ to pray & li/5 to ! ,scriptures1 mu/ h be5 a small "o4 ,b ,/4 ,paul & 8 companions _h le>n$ already "o great secret ( ! true evangeli/'s life4 ,!y nev] despis$ a congregation because ( its smallness4 ,i h read some:]e 9 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,francis de ,sales1 ,bi%op ( ,g5eva1 a rem>k be>+ on ?is po9t4 ,de ,sales 0 an extreme ,roman ,ca?olic1 & 8 m9d 0 injur$ & 8 m5tal views p]v]t$ 9 _m respects by ! peculi> tra9+ he ?us receiv$4 ,b /ill he 0 9 _m respects a v sa9tly man1 & 8 writ+s embody mu* t is good = e "o4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s :i* ,i h read he deals ) ?is v po9t1 & speaks ( ! importance ( small congregations1 fir/1 because !y h no t5d5cy to fe$ ! prea*]'s pride1 b r help to keep him humble2 & secondly1 because "s ( ! mo/ effective & fruitful s]mons h be5 prea*$ to extremely small congregations1 two or ?ree p]sons at mo/1 "s "o ( :om has aft]w>ds turn$ out to be a mo/ vigor\s soldi] ( ! ,cross ( ,*ri/4 ,! mo/ effective s]mon p]haps t ev] 0 prea*$ 0 t deliv]$ to ,saul ( ,t>sus :5 to him alone came ! voice1 ,saul1 ,saul1 :y p]secute/ ?\ ,me8 ,& "h aga91 9 ! ,philippian ,oratory1 ! congregation 0 b a small "o1 yet ! ,apo/le despis$ x n4 ,he & 8 companions b5t all _! p[]s to ! "w1 ?rew _! :ole he>ts into x1 & z ! result ! ,"l rew>d$ _! e>ne/1 ?or\gh1 fai?ful s]vice z ,he rew>ds su* s]vice 9 e dep>tm5t ( life's action4 ,! ,"l op5$ ! he>t ( ,lydia s t %e att5d$ to ! apo/olic tea*+1 & %e & all h] h\sehold :5 duly in/ruct$ became baptiz$ disciples ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 #adi ,i am "h rem9d$ ( a place ) exactly ! same "n :i* became z fam\s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,celtic ,*ur* z ,philippi did 9 t ( ! ,mac$onian ,*ur*4 ,=e1 9 ! c\nty ( ,we/mea?1 means ,place or ,valley ( ,/reams4 ,x 0 celebrat$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury z a great mission>y e/abli%m5t1 at ! head ( :i* /ood ,/4 ,fe*91 a primitive ,celtic mission>y4 ,8 oratory1 cell1 & anci5t *ur* are /ill to be se54 ,i h describ$ !m 9 a pap] contribut$ to ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,iri% ,antiqu>ies = ?is ye> 7#ahib74 ,a comp>ison ( ,/4 ,paul's mission>y me?ods ) ^? ( ,/4 ,fe*9 w\ld be int]e/+4 ,!y are fully describ$ 9 ,colgan's ,acts ( ! ,iri% ,sa9ts4 #aej ,! guild ( dy]s at ,?yatira is celebrat$ 9 ! inscriptions belong+ to t city f\nd 9 ,bckh's ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,grc>um4 ,?is 0 an important incid5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,philippian ,*ur*1 & 0 att5d$ by f>-rea*+ results4 ,lydia h]self1 l s _m o!rs ( ,god's mo/ em95t sa9ts1 disappe>s at once & = ev] f ! sc5e4 ,b h] conv]sion 0 a fruitful "o4 ,/4 ,paul & 8 fri5ds cont9u$ quietly b regul>ly work+ & tea*+ at ! oratory4 ,lydia w\ld seem to h be5 a wid[1 & mu/ h be5 a woman ( "s position 9 ! little community2 = %e 0 able to ent]ta9 ! ,apo/le & 8 company z soon z %e embrac$ ! fai? & felt its exce$+ preci\sness4 ,:5 invit+ !m1 too1 %e uses ! language ( a woman indep5d5t ( all o!r control4 ,if ye h judg$ me to be fai?ful to ! ,"l1 come into my h\se & abide !re1 are words ) ! tone ( "o :o z a wid[ own$ no sup]ior1 & ^: w 0 law )9 h] own h\sehold2 z well z ! language ( a woman :o felt t ! gospel %e _h embrac$ dem&$ & des]v$ ! consecration to its s]vice ( all h] worldly possessions4 ,previ\sly to ?is conv]sion ,/4 ,paul _h liv$ 9 hir$ lodg+s1 b n[ he mov$ to ,lydia's resid5ce1 abid+ !re1 & !nce regul>ly wor%ipp+ at ! ,jewi% oratory4 ,! pres5ce ( ^! ,jewi% /rang]s soon attract$ att5tion4 ,_! tea*+ too got nois$ abroad1 exagg]at$ d\btless & di/ort$ aft] ! mann] ( popul> reports4 ,& ! cr[d 7 ready to be suspici\s ( all ,ea/]n =eign]s4 ,! settl]s 9 ! colony ( ,philippi belong$ to ! rural population ( ,italy1 :o1 aft] ! mann] ( c\ntrifi$ folk ( e g5]ation1 7 a good way beh9d1 = good or ill1 _! city bre?r54 ,! excavations made at ,philippi h br\ght to light ! fact t ! coloni/s !re 7 wor%ipp]s ( ! primitive ,italian ru/ic gods1 specially ( ! god ,silvanus1 es*ew+ ! fa%ionable ,greek deities1 ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,v5us1 ,diana1 ,apollo1 & su* l4 ,a temple ( ,silvanus 0 erect$ at ,philippi = ! h>dy ,italian vet]ans1 & num]\s inscriptions h be5 f\nd & h be5 duly describ$ by ! ,fr5* ,mission 9 ,mac$onia to :i* we h already ref]r$1 tell+ ( ! build+ ( ! temple & ( ! p]sons :o contribut$ t[>ds x4#aea ,^! simple ,we/]n soldi]s 7 easily prejudic$ aga9/ ! ,ea/]n /rang]s by reports spread conc]n+ _! doctr9es1 & specially conc]n+ ! ,jewi% ,k+1 ( ^: k+dom !y 7 ! h]alds4 ,political consid]ations 7 at once rais$4 ,we c sc>cely n[ realise ! suspicions :i* mu/ h be5 r\s$ aga9/ ! e>ly prea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity by ! v language !y us$4 ,_! sacram5tal language conc]n+ ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 ! language ( ,*ri/ian love & union :i* !y us$1 designat+ !mselves bre?r5 & si/]s1 caus$ = m ?an two c5turies ! dissem9ation ( ! mo/ frightful rum\rs conc]n+ ! horrible nature ( ,*ri/ian love-fea/s4 ,!y 7 accus$ ( cannibalism & ( ! mo/ degrad$ & immoral practices2 & :5 we take up ! ,apologi/s ( ! second c5tury1 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & su* l1 we %all f9d t ! ef=ts ( ^! m5 are l>gely direct$ to ! refutation ( su* dreadful *>ges4#aeb ,& z x 0 9 morals s 0 x too 9 politics4 ,! sacr$ & religi\s language ( ! ,*ri/ians caus$ !m to be suspect$ ( designs ho/ile to ! ,roman ,gov]nm5t4 ,! apo/les prea*$ ab\t a ,k+ :o rul$ ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,n[ ! ,romans abhorr$ ! v "n & title ( k+1 :i* !y associat$ ) ! cruel acts ( ! e>ly tyrants :o reign$ 9 ! times ( ,rome's fabul\s antiquity4 ,! ho/ility to ! title 0 s great t1 ?\gh ! ,roman p endur$ a despotism mu* worse & cru%+ at ! h&s ( ! ,cs>s1 !y nev] w\ld all[ !m to assume ! title ( k+s1 b simply call$ !m emp]ors1 imp]ators or comm&]s ( ! army1 a "n :i* to _! e>s connot$ no?+ sav\r+ ( ! k+ly (fice1 ?\gh = mod]ns ! title ( emp]or expresses ! k+ly (fice & mu* m4 ,! coloni/s 9 ,philippi1 be+ ,italians1 w\ld feel ^! prejudices 9 _! full =ce4 ,ea/]ns inde$ w\ld h _h no objection to ! title ( k+1 z we see f ! cry rais$ by ! mob ( ,j]usalem :5 !y cri$ 9 ref]5ce to ,*ri/'s claim1 ,we h no k+ b ,cs>4 ,b ! r\gh & rude ,roman vet]ans1 :5 !y he>d vague reports ( ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ to ! ,jews :o met at ! oratory by ! riv]-side1 q naturally mi/ook ! nature ( 8 doctr9e1 & ?\ght t he 0 simply a political agitator organis+ a revolt aga9/ imp]ial au?ority4#aec ,an incid5t :i* !n occurr$ fann$ ! slumb]+ emb]s into a flame4 ,!re 0 a female slave ! prop]ty ( "s crafty m5 :o by h] means trad$ on ! simplicity ( ! coloni/s4 ,%e 0 possess$ ) a _s ( div9ation4 ,:at ! nature ( ?is _s 0 we h n ! means ( n[ det]m9+4 ,"s w\ld resolve x into m]e epilepsy1 b su* an explanation is n consi/5t ) ,/4 ,paul's action & words4 ,he address$ ! _s1 ,i *>ge !e 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to come out ( h]4 ,& ! _s1 we are told1 came out t v h\r4 ,! simple fact is t psy*ology is at ! be/ a v obscure sci5ce1 & ! my/]ies ( ! s\l a v puzzl+ region1 ev5 "u ! ,*ri/ian ,disp5sation & surr\nd$ by ! spiritual bless+s ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b paganism 0 ! k+dom ( ,satan1 :]e he rul$ ) a p[] & fre$om he no long] enjoys1 & we c =m no conception ( ! frightful di/urbances ,satanic ag5cy may h rais$ amid ! d>k places ( ! human _s4 ,)\t attempt+ explanations !re=e1 :i* mu/ be insuffici5t1 ,i am cont5t to accept ! /atem5t ( ! sacr$ writ]1 :o 0 an eye-witness ( ! cure1 t ! _s ( div9ation1 ! _s ( ,py?on1 z ! orig9al puts x1 yield$ ob$i5ce to ! invocation ( ! sacr$ ,"n :i* is above e "n1 leav+ ! damsel's inn] nature once m calm & at union )9 itself4 ,?is 0 ! signal = a riot4 ,! slave own]s recognis$ t _! hopes ( ga9 _h fl$4 ,!y 7 n will+ to confess t ^! despis$ ,jews possess$ a p[] transc5d+ f> t :i* dwelt 9 ! human in/rum5t :o _h s]v$ _! covet\s purposes4 ,!y may h he>d1 x may be1 ( ! tumults excit$ ab\t ?is same "t by ! ,jews at ,rome & ( _! expulsion f ! capital by ! decree ( ! ,emp]or1 s ! own]s ( ! slave-girl & ! mob ( ! city dragg$ ! ,apo/les be=e ! local ,duumvirs & accus$ !m ( l di/urbances3 ,^! m51 be+ ,jews1 d exce$+ly tr\ble our city1 & set =? cu/oms :i* x is n lawful = u to receive or to obs]ve1 be+ ,romans4 ,! accusation 0 suffici5t4 ,no pro( 0 dem&$1 no "t = prote/ all[$4 ,! magi/rates ) _! own h&s dragg$ ! clo!s (f ! backs ( ! ,apo/les1 & !y 7 flogg$ at once by ! lictors or s]geants1 z our translation calls !m1 9 att5dance ^u ! ,duumvirs1 :o !n despat*$ _! victims to ! common prison4 ,"h a "q may be rais$1 ,:y did n ,/4 ,paul save himself by prote/+ t he 0 a ,roman citiz51 z he did subsequ5tly at ,j]usalem :5 he 0 ab\t to be simil>ly treat$8 ,sev]al explanations occur4 ,! coloni/s 7 ,italians & spoke ,lat94 ,/4 ,paul spoke ,hebrew & ,greek1 & ?\gh he may h kn[n ,lat9 too1 8 ,lat9 may n h be5 und]/ood by ^! r\gh ,roman soldi]s4 ,! mob aga9 0 excit$1 & :5 a mob gets excit$ x is b v little its memb]s att5d to an un=tunate prison]'s words4 ,we "k too1 n only f ,/4 ,paul's own words1 b f ! te/imony ( ,cic]o himself1 9 8 celebrat$ oration aga9/ ,v]res1 t 9 remote di/ricts ?is claim 0 (t5 disreg>d$1 ev5 :5 urg$ by ,italians1 & mu* m :5 made by despis$ ,jews4 ,/4 ,paul tells u 9 #b ,cor4 xi4 #be1 t he receiv$ ?ree ,roman flogg+s not)/&+ 8 ,roman citiz5%ip1 & ?\gh ! ,philippian magi/rates 7 afraid :5 !y he>d next day ( ! illegal viol5ce ( :i* !y _h be5 guilty1 ! mob1 :o c\ld n be held acc\ntable1 probably took "r good c>e t ,/4 ,paul's prote/ nev] rea*$ ! (ficial e>s to :i* x 0 address$4 ,^! consid]ations suffici5tly acc\nt = ! omission ( any notice ( a prote/ on ! ,apo/le's "p4 ,he simply _h n ! opportunity1 & !n :5 ! tumultu\s sc5e 0 ov] ,paul & ,silas 7 hurri$ (f to ! common dungeon1 :]e !y 7 secur$ 9 ! /ocks & ?ru/ into ! inn]mo/ prison z notori\s & sc&al\s (f5d]s4 #aea ,see ,leon ,heuzey's ,mission ,ar*ologique de ,macdo9e1 p4 #ga 7,p>is1 #ahfd-gf74 ,"o tablet f\nd furni%es a li/ ( b5efactions4 ,"o man gives a bronze /atue ( ! deity1 ano!r helps to ro( ! build+4 ,ano!r tablet gives a li/ ( ! (ficials ( ! temple wor%ip4 ,curi\sly en\gh among ^! (ficials occur names well kn[n to u f ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les1 z ,cresc5s1 ,secundus1 ,trophimus1 ,ari/>*us1 ,pud5s1 ,urbanus1 & ,clem5s3 cf4 ! ,philippian inscriptions 9 ! ,corpus ,inscriptionum ,lat9>um1 vol4 iii41 p>4 i41 pp4 #abj-bh4 ,among ^! rude ,italian vet]ans1 unspoilt by ! glitt] & vices ( ,greek idolatry & civilisation1 ! ,cross may h f\nd out _m true soldi]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 see ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #baj4 ,x is int]e/+ to notice t a simil> set ( tablets commemorat+ ! b5efactors ( ! temple ( ,diana at ,ephesus 0 discov]$ 9 ! excavations made tw5ty ye>s ago at t place4 ,! inscriptions are translat$ 9 ! ,app5dix to ,wood's ,ephesus4 #aeb ,see1 = in/ance1 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr's ,fir/ ,apology1 *4 xxix41 ,second ,apology1 *4 xii41 & ,a!nagoras' ,apology1 *s4 xxxi4-xxxv4 ,^! passages w be f\nd 9 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & ,a!nagoras z translat$ 9 ,t4 ,t4 ,cl>k's ,ante-,nic5e ,s]ies1 pp4 #cb1 #ha1 #dae-ai4 #aec ,?is political prejudice aga9/ ,*ri/ianity la/$ into ! second c5tury3 see ! ,fir/ ,apology ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 *4 xi43 ,:5 y he> t we look = a k+dom1 y suppose1 )\t mak+ any inquiry1 t we speak ( a human k+dom2 :]eas we speak ( t :i* is ) ,god1 z appe>s also f ! confession ( _! fai? made by ^? :o are *>g$ ) be+ ,*ri/ians1 ?\gh !y "k t dea? is ! puni%m5t aw>d$ to him :o s confesses2 words :i* imply t 9 ,ju/9's day _m _h be5 m>tyr$ on m]e political accusations4 ,no ill-treatm5t c\ld1 h[ev]1 de/roy t secret s\rce ( joy & peace :i* ,/4 ,paul possess$ 9 8 lov$ ,ma/]'s consci\s pres5ce4 ,i take pleasure 9 weaknesses1 9 injuries1 9 necessities1 9 p]secutions1 9 di/resses = ,*ri/'s sake1 is 8 own triumphant expression :5 look+ back a few ye>s lat] ov] ! way by :i* ! ,"l _h l$ him1 & !re=e at midnight ! a/oni%$ prison]s he>d ! inn] dungeon r++ ) unwont$ songs ( praise rais$ by ! ,jewi% /rang]s4 ,an e>?quake1 too1 l5t its t]rors to ! /range sc5e1 %ak+ ! prison to its f\ndations & loos+ ! /aples to :i* ! prison]s' *a9s 7 fa/5$4 ,! jailor1 r\s$ f sleep1 & see+ ! prison doors op5$ wide1 w\ld h committ$ suicide 7 x n = ,paul's re/ra9+ & au?oritative voice2 & !n ! a/oni%$ (ficial1 :o mu/ h he>d ! /range rum\rs to :i* ! words ( ! demoniac allud$--,^! m5 are ! s]vants ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god1 :i* proclaim unto y ! way ( salvation--ru%$ into ! pres5ce ( ! ,apo/les cry+ out 9 words :i* h ev] s9ce be5 fam\s1 ,sirs1 :at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8 to :i* ! equally fam\s answ] 0 giv51 ,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus1 & ?\ %alt be sav$1 ?\ & ?y h\se4 ,! jailor !n took ! ,apo/les1 ba!d _! bruis$ bodies1 set food be=e !m1 ga!r$ 8 h\sehold to li/5 to ! glad tid+s1 :i* !y receiv$ s rapidly & grasp$ s ?or\ghly t !y 7 at once baptiz$ & enabl$ to rejoice ) t deep spiritual joy :i* an exp]im5tal k ( ,god always conf]s4 ,! jailor1 feel+ = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life ! peace :i* passe? all und]/&+1 realis$ ! tru? :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e aft]w>ds embodi$ 9 ! immortal words3 ,?\1 ,o ,god1 ha/ =m$ u = ,?yself1 & our he>ts are re/less till !y f9d re/ 9 ,!e4#aed #aed ,augu/9e's ,confessions1 i4 #a4 ,let u look = a little at ! "q ( ! jailor & ! answ] ( ! ,apo/le4 ,!y are words v (t5 us$1 & v (t5 misus$4 ,! jailor1 :5 he ru%$ into ,/4 ,paul's pres5ce cry+ out ,:at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8 0 c]ta9ly n ! type ( a consci5ce-/rick5 s9n]1 conv9c$ ( 8 own s9 & spiritual dang]1 z m5 sometimes reg>d him4 ,he 0 simply 9 a /ate ( fright & a/oni%m5t4 ,he _h he>d t ^! ,jewi% prison]s committ$ to him 7 prea*+ ab\t "s salvation :i* !y _h to (f]4 ,! e>?quake seem$ to him ! expression ( "s deity's wra? at _! h>% treatm5t1 & s 9 8 t]ror he desires to "k :at he mu/ d to be sav$ f ?is wra?4 ,8 words 7 notable1 b !y 7 n ,*ri/ian words1 = he _h yet mu* to le>n ( ! nature ( s9 & ! nature ( ! salvation f x :i* ! ,apo/les 7 prea*+4 ,! ,philippian jailor 0 a specim5 ( ^? :o are sav$ viol5tly & by fe>4 ,t]ror =c$ him into communion ) ! ,apo/les1 broke d[n ! b>ri]s :i* h9d]$ ! approa* ( ! ,^w1 & !n ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 work+ ?r\gh ,/4 ,paul1 effect$ ! rema9d]1 op5+ 8 eyes to ! true "* ( salvation & 8 own pr(\nd ne$ ( x4 ,/4 ,paul's words h be5 misund]/ood4 ,i h he>d !m address$ to a ,*ri/ian congregation & expla9$ z mean+ t ! jailor _h no?+ to d b j realise ,*ri/ ,jesus z 8 ,savi\r1 :]eupon he 0 p]fect & complete s f> z ! spiritual life 0 conc]n$2 & !n !y 7 appli$ to ! congregation pres5t z tea*+ t1 z x 0 ) ! jailor1 s 0 x ) all ,*ri/ians2 !y h simply to believe z he did1 & !n !y h no?+ m to d1--a k9d ( tea*+ :i* infallibly produces ant9omian results4#aee ,su* an explanation ignores ! fact t !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! jailor1 :o 0 n a ,*ri/ian 9 any s5se & knew no?+ ab\t ,*ri/ :5 he flung himself at ,/4 ,paul's feet1 & a ,*ri/ian congregation1 :o "k ab\t ,*ri/ & believe 9 ,him4 ,b ?is explanation is /ill m errone\s4 ,x misrepres5ts :at ,/4 ,paul meant & :at 8 he>]s und]/ood him to mean4 ,:at did any ord9>y ,jew or any ord9>y pagan ) :om ,/4 ,paul came 9 contact und]/& him to mean :5 he said1 ,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus1 & ?\ %alt be sav$8 ,!y fir/ _h to ask him :o ,jesus ,*ri/ 01 :5ce ,he _h come1 :at ,he _h taught1 :at 7 ! obligations ( ,8 religion4 ,/4 ,paul _h to op5 out to !m ! nature ( s9 & salvation1 & to expla9 ! obligation & bless+ ( ! sacram5t ( baptism z well z ! necessity ( bodily hol9ess & purity4 ,! initial sacram5t ( baptism mu/ h held a =emo/ place 9 t midnight colloquy or conf]5ce conc]n+ ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,/4 ,paul 0 n ! man to p]=m a rite ( :i* 8 conv]ts und]/ood no?+1 & to :i* !y c\ld atta* no mean+4 ,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus involv$ rep5tance & contrition & submission to ,*ri/ian tru?1 & ^! ?+s involv$ ! exposition ( ,*ri/ian tru?1 hi/ory1 doctr9es1 & duties4 #aee ,see m on ?is po9t 9 vol4 i41 pp4 #acd-cg1 :]e ,i h giv5 conclusive pro(s ( ! misuse ( ?is text f ! writ]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is text1 ,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus1 & ?\ %alt be sav$1 is (t5 quot$ 9 "o-sid$ & n>r[ tea*+ to %[ t man has no?+ to d to be sav$4 ,( c\rse 9 "o s5se ?is is p]fectly true4 ,we c d no?+ m]itori\sly t[>ds salvation2 f fir/ to la/ our salvation is all ( ,god's free grace2 b !n1 view+ ! matt] f ! human side1 we h mu* to d to be sav$4 ,we h to rep5t1 to seek ,god = ourselves1 to realise ,*ri/ & ,8 laws 9 our life1 to seek aft] t hol9ess )\t :i* no man %all see ! ,"l4 ,!re 7 two diff]5t types ( m5 :o at diff]5t times address$ practically ! same inquiry to ! ,apo/les4 ,!y 7 bo? outside ! ,*ur*1 & !y 7 bo? seek]s bl9dly aft] ,god4 ,! ,jews on ! day ( ,p5teco/ said1 ,bre?r51 :at %all we d8 & ,pet] repli$1 ,rep5t ye1 & be baptiz$1 e "o ( y1 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 unto ! remission ( y\r s9s1 & ye %all receive ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,su* 0 apo/olic tea*+ to ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem4 ,! jail] dem&$1 ,:at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8 & ,/4 ,paul repli$1 ,believe on ! ,"l ,jesus1 & ?\ %alt be sav$4 ,su* 0 apo/olic tea*+ to an ignorant pagan at ,philippi2 m concise ?an ! ,j]usalem answ]1 b mean+ ! same ?+1 & involv+ precisely ! same doctr9es 9 ! h&s ( su* a great ma/] ( ! spiritual life z 0 ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4#aef #aef ,mr4 ,sadl]1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,acts1 treat+ ( ?is passage has a long explanation id5tical 9 mean+ ) t :i* we h above urg$4 ,he says1 = in/ance1 p4 #cad3 ,?is /atem5t ( ! way ( salvation is "o ( ! mo/ important 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x conta9s ! se$ ( ! :ole body ( apo/olic doctr9e respect+ salvation by ,*ri/4 ,:5 ,i say apo/olic1 ,i mean ! doctr9e ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,john1 z well z ( ,/4 ,paul2 = all be+ full ( ! ,holy ,gho/ prea*$ ! same4 ,few places h be5 m p]v]t$ 9 ord] to uphold a h]esy :i*1 if ,/4 ,paul _h be5 alive n[1 he w\ld h abhorr$1 & d5\nc$ z fatal to ! :ole revelation ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & t is ant9omianism4444 ,! ,philippian jailor to :om ! words 7 fir/ address$ _h nev] 9 all probability he>d ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ be=e4444 ',believe on ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/' !n meant to him1 ',believe on ,him :om we are n[ ab\t to set =? to !e4' ,& !y !re & !n began to set ,him =?1 = !y spake unto him '! ^w ( ! ,"l4'444 ,?is ,^w mu/ h %[n him h[--on :at pr9ciple--he c\ld ex]cise fai? 9 ,him s z to be sav$4 ,b did !y call on him 9 8 !n /ate to believe any?+ respect+ ! ,*ur* & ! sacram5ts ( ,*ri/8 ,unque/ionably2 = ,/4 ,paul w\ld c]ta9ly n baptize a man :o 0 totally ignorant ( ! grace ( union ) ,*ri/ :i* he w\ld receive1 & ! obligations to s]ve ,*ri/ :i* he w\ld come "u1 by be+ baptiz$4 ,! rema9d] ( ! /ory is soon told4 ,:5 ! morn+ came !re came quiet reflection ) x z f> z ! magi/rates 7 conc]n$4 ,!y became consci\s ( _! illegal conduct1 & !y s5t _! lictors to ord] ! release ( ! ,apo/les4 ,/4 ,paul n[ /ood ^u 8 rights4 ,8 prote/ _h be5 disreg>d$ by ! mob4 ,he n[ claim$ 8 rights z a ,roman citiz54 ,!y h beat5 u publicly1 uncondemn$ m51 t are ,romans1 & h ca/ u into prison2 & d !y n[ ca/ u out privily8 ,nay1 v]ily2 b let !m come !mselves & br+ u out4 ,^! are ,/4 ,paul's words1 & !y are brave1 & at ! same "t wise words4 ,!y 7 brave words because x took a /rong man to s5d back su* an answ] to magi/rates :o _h treat$ him s outrage\sly only ! day be=e4 ,!y 7 wise words1 = !y give u an apo/le's int]pretation ( our ,"l's language 9 ! ,s]mon ^u ! ,m\nt conc]n+ ! non-resi/ance ( evil1 & %[ u t 9 ,/4 ,paul's e/imation ,*ri/'s law did n b9d a man to tol]ate f\l inju/ice4 ,su* tol]ation1 9 fact1 is v wrong if x c be help$2 because x is simply an enc\ragem5t to ! wick$ do]s to treat o!rs 9 ! same sc&al\s mann]4 ,tol]ation ( outrage & inju/ice is unfair & un*>itable t[>ds o!rs1 if !y c be lawfully r$ress$ or at lea/ apologis$ =4 ,x is a ,*ri/ian man's duty to br+ public evil-do]s & tyrants1 in/rum5ts ( unrighte\sness l ^! ,duumvirs ( ,philippi1 to _! s5ses1 n = 8 own sake1 b 9 ord] t he may prev5t ! ex]cise ( simil> cruelties aga9/ ! weak] bre?r54 ,we may be sure t ! spirit$ action ( ,/4 ,paul1 compell+ ^! prov9cial magnates to humble !mselves be=e ! despis$ /rang]s1 mu/ h _h a v :olesome effect 9 re/ra9+ !m f simil> viol5ce dur+ ! re/ ( _! t]m ( (fice4 ,su* 0 ,/4 ,paul's /ay at ,philippi4 ,x la/$ a consid]able "t1 & made its m>k1 z a fl\ri%+ ,*ur* 0 e/abli%$ !re1 to :i* he address$ an ,epi/le :5 he lay ! fir/ "t a captive at ,rome4 ,?is ,epi/le naturally =ms a mo/ int]e/+ comm5t>y on ! notices ( ! ,philippian visit 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 a po9t :i* is work$ out at l>ge 9 ,bi%op ,lightfoot's ,comm5t>y on ,philippians & 9 ,paley's ,hor ,paul94 ,! c>eful /ud5t ( ,holy ,writ w f9d t ,/4 ,paul's lett] & ,/4 ,luke's n>rative :5 comp>$ illum9ate "o ano!r 9 a wondr\s mann]4 ,we _c af=d space to draw out ?is comp>ison 9 detail1 & x is ! less necess>y to d s z ,dr4 ,lightfoot's writ+s are s g5]ally accessible4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 notice "o po9t 9 ?is ,epi/le to ! ,philippians1 :i* 0 writt5 ab\t ! same "t 7a few mon?s previ\sly1 9 fact7 z ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,x corroborates ! ,acts z to ! circum/ances "u :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,philippi 0 f\nd$4 ,/4 ,paul 9 ! ,epi/le ref]s aga9 & aga9 to ! p]secutions & afflictions ( ! ,philippian ,*ur*1 & implies t he 0 a fell[-suff]] ) !m4#aeg ,/4 ,paul dwells on ?is 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,epi/le 9 words ^: =ce _c be und]/ood unless we grasp ?is fact4 ,9 ! six? v]se ( ! fir/ *apt] he expresses himself z1 ,confid5t ( ?is v ?+1 t ,he :i* began a good "w 9 y w p]fect x until ! day ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 ev5 z x is "r = me to be ?us m9d$ on behalf ( y all1 because ,i h y 9 my he>t1 inasmu* z1 bo? 9 my bonds & 9 ! def5ce & confirmation ( ! gospel1 ye all are p>tak]s ) me ( grace4 ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ! ,philippians z p]sonally acqua9t$ ) *a9s & suff]+s & prison-h\ses = ,*ri/'s sake1 & reg>ds ^! ?+s z a pro( ( ,god's grace v\*saf$ n only to ! ,apo/le1 b also to ! ,philippians2 = ,/4 ,paul 0 liv+ at t high level :5 he c\ld view bonds & trials & p]secutions z m>ks ( ! ,div9e love4 ,9 ! tw5ty-eigh? v]se ( ! same *apt] he exhorts !m to be 9 no wise affright$ by ! adv]s>ies1 & 9 ! next two describes !m z p]sons to :om x ha? be5 grant$ 9 ! behalf ( ,*ri/1 n only to believe on ,him1 b also to suff] 9 ,8 behalf3 hav+ ! same conflict :i* ye saw 9 me1 & n[ he> to be 9 me1 words :i* c only ref] to ! viol5ce & afflictions :i* !y witness$ z practis$ aga9/ himself1 & :i* !y 7 n[ !mselves suff]+ 9 turn4 ,:ile to complete ,/4 ,paul's ref]5ces we notice t 9 an ,epi/le writt5 "s five ye>s lat] ?an 8 fir/ visit to ,philippi he expressly ref]s to ! p]secutions :i* ! ,philippian ,*ur* 9 common ) all ! ,mac$onian ,*ur*es seems to h suff]$ f ! v beg9n+4 ,9 #b ,cor4 viii4 #a1 #b1 he writes3 ,moreov]1 bre?r51 we make kn[n to y ! grace ( ,god :i* ha? be5 giv5 9 ! ,*ur*es ( ,mac$onia2 h[ t 9 mu* pro( ( affliction ! abundance ( _! joy & _! deep pov]ty ab\nd$ unto ! ri*es ( _! lib]ality4 ,n[ all ^! passages put toge!r confirm = u :at ! ,acts expressly affirms1 t f ! v outset ( _! ,*ri/ian c>e] ! ,philippian ,*ur* _h endur$ ! greate/ trials1 & exp]i5c$ a fell[%ip 9 ! ,apo/le's suff]+s4 ,& surely we may see 9 ! "* ( ! ,philippian ,epi/le some?+ em95tly *>act]i/ic ( ?is exp]i5ce6 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ! ,philippian ,epi/le is ! only ,epi/le address$ to a ,*ur* 9 :i* !re is no trace ( blame or repro(4 ,temptation & trial & *a/isem5t _h !re work$ _! appo9t$ purpose4 ,! ,philippian ,*ur* _h be5 baptiz$ 9 blood1 & gr\nd$ 9 afflictions1 & purifi$ by ! cleans+ fires ( p]secution1 & consequ5tly ! tri$ ,*ur* ga!r$ itself clos] to its ,div9e ,"l1 & 0 p]fect$ above all o!rs 9 ,8 lik5ess1 & pr(it$ above all o!rs 9 ! ,div9e life4#aeh #aeg ,bi%op ,lightfoot 7,philippians1 p4 #eg7 says3 ,/4 ,paul's fir/ visit to ,philippi clos$ abruptly amid ! /orm ( p]secution4 ,x 0 n to be expect$ t :]e ! life ( ! tea*] _h be5 s s]i\sly endang]$1 ! s*ol>s w\ld escape all p5alties4 ,! ,apo/le left beh9d him a legacy ( suff]+ to ?is newly born ,*ur*4 ,?is is n a m]e conjecture2 ! affliction ( ! ,mac$onian ,*ri/ians1 & ( ! ,philippians especially1 are m ?an once m5tion$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les 7cf4 #a ,!ss4 ii4 #b74 ,if x 0 _! privilege to believe 9 ,*ri/1 x 0 equally _! privilege to suff] = ,him4 #aeh ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,philippians1 l4c41 dwells on ?is po9t3 ,! unwav]+ loyalty ( 8 ,philippian conv]ts is ! con/ant solace ( ! ,apo/le 9 8 manifold trails1 ! "o bright ray ( happ9ess pi]c+ ! d>k cl\ds :i* ga!r ev] ?ick] ab\t ! ev5+ ( 8 life4 ,!y are 8 'joy & cr[n1 8 bre?r5 belov$ & eag]ly desir$4' ,f !m alone he cons5ts to receive alms = ! relief ( 8 p]sonal wants4 ,to !m alone he writes 9 language uncl\d$ by any %ad[ ( displeasure or disappo9tm5t4 ,aft] ! t]rible exp]i5ce ( ,philippi ,paul & ,silas pass$ on to o!r t[ns ( ! same prov9ce ( ,mac$onia4 ,! ,apo/le1 h[ev]1 :5 quitt+ ,philippi to d ! same evangeli/ic "w1 break+ up ! gr\nd 9 o!r t[ns aft] ! mann] ( a pione]1 did n leave ! ,*ur* ( ,philippi devoid ( wise/ pa/oral c>e4 ,x is mo/ likely1 z ,dr4 ,lightfoot po9ts out 9 ! ,introduction to 8 ,comm5t>y on ,philippians1 t ,/4 ,luke 0 left beh9d to consolidate ! "w :i* _h be5 ?us begun by su* a noble company4 ,!n ,paul & ,silas & ,timo!us proce$$ to ,!ssalonica1 "o hundr$ miles we/1 ! capital ( ! prov9ce1 :]e ! proconsul resid$1 & :]e 0 a consid]able ,jewi% population1 z we see1 n only f ! fact t a synagogue is expressly said to h exi/$ !re1 b also because ! ,jews 7 able to excite ! city pagan mob aga9/ ! ,apo/les & drag !m be=e ! local magi/rates4#aei ,/4 ,paul at ,philippi _h = ! fir/ "t exp]i5c$ a purely pagan p]secution4 ,he _h inde$ previ\sly suff]$ at ! h&s ( ! hea!n at ,ly/ra1 b !y 7 urg$ on by ! ,jews4 ,at ,philippi he ga9$ 8 fir/ glimpse ( t long vi/a ( purely ,g5tile p]secution ?r\gh :i* ! ,*ur* _h to pass till ,*ri/ianity seat$ itself 9 ! p]son ( ,con/ant9e on ! ?rone ( ! ,cs>s4 ,b z soon z he got to ,!ssalonica he aga9 exp]i5c$ ! undy+ ho/ility ( 8 ,jewi% fell[-c\ntrym5 us+ = _! wick$ purposes ! bas] portion ( ! city rabble4#afj ,/4 ,paul rema9$ ?ree weeks 9 ,!ssalonica tea*+ privately & publicly ! gospel message1 )\t exp]i5c+ any ,jewi% opposition4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact t to ?is day ,/4 ,paul's visit to ,!ssalonica is rememb]$1 & 9 "o ( ! local mosques1 :i* 0 =m]ly ! ,*ur* ( ,sancta ,sophia1 a m>ble pulpit is %[n1 said to h be5 ! v "o occupi$ by ! ,apo/le1 :ile 9 ! surr\nd+ pla9s trees & groves are po9t$ out z m>k+ spots :]e he t>ri$ = a "t4 ,! ,jews 7 at la/1 h[ev]1 r\s$ to opposition1 possibly because ( ,/4 ,paul's success among ! ,g5tiles1 :o receiv$ 8 doctr9es ) su* avidity t !re believ$ ( ! dev\t ,greeks a great multitude1 & ( ! *ief wom5 n a few4 ,9 ,!ssalonica1 z else:]e1 ! _s ( religi\s selfi%ness1 desir+ to h gospel promises & a ,messiah all to !mselves1 0 ! ru9 ( ! ,jewi% p4 ,! ,jews !re=e1 assi/$ by ! pagans1 assault$ ! resid5ce ( ,jason1 ) :om ,/4 ,paul & 8 fri5ds 7 /ay+4 ,!y miss$ ! ,apo/les !mselves1 b !y seiz$ ,jason & "s ( ! apo/olic b&1 or at lea/ "s ( _! conv]ts :om !y f\nd 9 ,jason's h\se1 & br\ght !m be=e ! t[n magi/rates1 :o1 act+ "u ! eye ( ! resid5t proconsul1 did n l5d !mselves to any irregul> proce$+s l ! ,philippian prtors4 ,a *>ge ( treason 0 =mally br\ght aga9/ ! prison]s3 ,^! all act contr>y to ! decrees ( ,cs>1 say+ t !re is ano!r ,k+1 "o ,jesus2 9 ! words ( :i* *>ge we get a glimpse ( ! lead+ topic on :i* ! ,apo/les insi/$4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! crucifi$1 ris51 glorifi$ ,k+ & ,head ( ,8 p1 0 ! great subject ( ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ z x /ruck ! hea!n4 ,! ,!ssalonian magi/rates act$ v fairly4 ,!y ent]$ ! *>ge :i* 0 a s]i\s "o 9 ! eye ( ,roman law4 ,bail 0 !n tak5 = ! accus$ & !y 7 set free4 ,! ,apo/les1 h[ev]1 escap$ arre/1 & ! local bre?r5 det]m9$ t !y %\ld incur no dang]2 s :ile ! accus$ rema9$ to /& _! trial1 ,paul & ,silas & ,timo!us 7 despat*$ to ,b]a1 :]e !y 7 = a "t welcom$1 & free discussion p]mitt$ 9 ! synagogue conc]n+ ! tru?s taught by ! ,evangeli/s4 ,aft] a "t1 h[ev]1 tid+s hav+ rea*$ ,!ssalonica1 ag5ts 7 despat*$ to ,b]a1 :o /irr+ up ! ,jewi% resid5ts1 ,/4 ,paul 0 despat*$ 9 *>ge ( "s tru/y mess5g]s :o guid$ ! /eps ( ! hunt$ s]vant ( ,god to ! city ( ,a!ns4 ,we see ! physical infirmities ( ,/4 ,paul1 ! difficulties he _h to cont5d )1 h9t$ at 9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? v]ses ( ! sev5te5? *apt]4 ,!n imm$iately ! bre?r5 s5t =? ,paul1 & ,!y t conduct$ ,paul br\ght him to ,a!ns1 words :i* give u a glimpse ( 8 fe>fully defective eyesight4 ,8 enemies might be press+ ^u him & dang] might be imm95t1 b he c\ld make no unaid$ ef=t to save himself4 ,he dep5d$ ^u ! k9dly help ( o!rs t he might escape 8 untir+ foes & f9d 8 way to a place ( safety4 #aei ,!ssalonica is to ?is day ! abode ( a l>ge ,jewi% population4 ,toz]1 9 8 ,highl&s ( ,turkey1 vol4 i41 p4 #adf1 says3 ,( ! sixty ?\s& inhabitants ( ,salonica two-?irds are ,jews1 ! re/ be+ ,turks & ,greeks4444 ,f e>ly times ! ,hebrew race seem to h be5 attract$ by ! comm]cial advantages ( ,salonica4 ,?us :5 ,/4 ,paul prea*$ !re he f\nd a consid]able ,jewi% community4444 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! ,salonica ,jews are ri* m]*ants1 & a great "p ( ! weal? ( ! place is 9 _! h&s4 ,mr4 ,lew91 9 8 ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #bbb1 gives a table ( ! di/ances all along ,/4 ,paul's r\te4 #afj ,mr4 ,f9dlay1 9 a little "w lately publi%$1 ,! ,epi/les ( ,paul ! ,apo/le1 has _m valuable obs]vations on ! subject ( ! ,jewi% opposition exp]i5c$ by ! ,apo/le at ,!ssalonica4 ,?us end$ ,/4 ,paul's fir/ visit to ,!ssalonica s f> z ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les is conc]n$2 b we h int]e/+ light ?r[n ^u x f an ,epi/le :i* ,/4 ,paul himself wrote to ! ,!ssalonians soon aft] 8 dep>ture f among/ !m4 ,a comp>ison ( ,fir/ ,!ssalonians ) ! text ( ! ,acts w furni% ! c>eful /ud5t ) mu* in=mation conc]n+ ! circum/ances ( t notable visit1 j z we h se5 t ! text ( ! ,philippian ,epi/le ?r[s light ^u 8 do+s at ,philippi4 ,! ,!ssalonian ,epi/les are m helpful ev5 ?an ! ,philippians 9 ?is respect1 because !y 7 writt5 only a few mon?s aft] ,/4 ,paul's visit to ,!ssalonica1 :ile ye>s elaps$1 eight or t5 at lea/1 be=e ! ,philippian ,epi/le 0 indit$4 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians %[s u1 = in/ance1 t ,/4 ,paul's visit to ,!ssalonica la/$ a consid]able "t4 ,9 ! ,acts we read ( 8 discuss+ 9 ! synagogue ?ree ,sabba? days1 & !n x w\ld appe> z if ! riot 0 rais$ :i* drove him to ,b]a & ,a!ns4 ,! impression left on our m9ds by ,/4 ,luke's n>rative is t ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs 7 almo/ entirely conc5trat$ ^u ! ,jews 9 ,!ssalonica1 & t he be/[$ v little att5tion inde$ ^u ! pagans4 ,! ,epi/le corrects ?is impression4 ,:5 we read ! fir/ *apt] ( ,fir/ ,!ssalonians we see t x 0 almo/ altoge!r a *ur* ( conv]t$ idolat]s1 n ( conv]t$ ,jews4 ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ! ,!ssalonians z hav+ turn$ f idols to s]ve ! liv+ ,god2 he ref]s to ! in/ructions on v>i\s po9ts l ! resurrection1 ! asc5sion1 ! second com+ ( ,*ri/1 :i* he _h imp>t$1 & describes _! fai? & works z celebrat$ ?r\gh\t all ,mac$onia & ,a*aia4 ,a l>ge & fl\ri%+ *ur* l t1 compos$ ( =m] pagans1 c\ld n h be5 f\nd$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree weeks1 dur+ :i* "t ,/4 ,paul's att5tion 0 pr9cipally be/[$ on ! ,jewi% resid5ts4 ,!n too1 :5 we turn to ,philippians iv4 #af1 we f9d t ,/4 ,paul /ay$ long en\gh 9 ,!ssalonica to receive no less ?an two remittances ( money f ! bre?r5 at ,philippi to su/a9 himself & 8 bre?r54 ,8 :ole att5tion too 0 n be/[$ ^u mission "w2 he sp5t 8 days & nights 9 manual lab\r4 ,9 ! n9? v]se ( ! second *apt] ( ,fir/ ,!ssalonians he rem9ds !m ( ! fact t he support$ himself 9 _! city1 ,= ye rememb]1 bre?r51 our lab\r & travail3 work+ night & day1 t we might n burd5 any ( y1 we prea*$ unto y ! gospel ( ,god4 ,:5 we realise ^! ?+s we %all feel t ! ,apo/le mu/ h sp5t at lea/ a c\ple ( mon?s 9 ,!ssalonica4 ,x 0 p]haps 8 trem5d\s success among ! hea!n :i* s /irr$ up ! passions ( ! t[n mob z enabl$ ! ,jews to in/igate !m to raise ! riot1 !y !mselves keep+ all ! :ile 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 describes ! riots rais$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians z be+ ! imm$iate "w ( ! pagans3 ,ye1 bre?r51 became imitators ( ! ,*ur*es ( ,god :i* are 9 ,juda 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,= ye also suff]$ ! same ?+s ( y\r own c\ntrym5 z !y did ( ! ,jews2 a /atem5t :i* is q consi/5t ) ! !ory t ! p]secution 0 orig9ally inspir$ by ! ,jews4 ,b we _c fur!r pursue ?is int]e/+ l9e ( inquiry :i* has be5 ?or\ghly work$ out by ,mr4 ,lew9 9 vol4 ii41 *4 xi41 by ,conybe>e & ,h[son 9 *4 ix41 & by ,ar*deacon ,f>r>1 z well z by ,dr4 ,salmon 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 *4 xx4 ,! c>eful /ud5t w f9d 9 all ^! works mo/ int]e/+ light reflect$ back ^u ! ,acts f ! apo/olic lett]s1 & w see h[ ?or\ghly ! ,epi/les1 :i* 7 mu* ! e>li] docum5ts1 confirm ! indep5d5t acc\nt ( ,/4 ,luke1 writ+ at a subsequ5t p]iod4 ,be=e we t]m9ate ?is *apt] we desire to call att5tion to "o o!r po9t :]e ! inve/igations ( mod]n travel h help$ to illu/rate ! g5u95ess ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,x has be5 ! cont5tion ( ! rationali/ic p>ty t ! ,acts 0 a composition ( ! second c5tury1 work$ up by a clev] =g] out ( ! mat]ials at 8 comm&4 ,!re are v>i\s l9es ( pro( by :i* ?is !ory c be refut$1 b none appeal s =cibly to ord9>y m5 z ! m9ute accuracy :i* m>ks x :5 describ+ ! t[ns ( ,asia ,m9or & ,mac$onia4 ,mac$onia is a notable case4 ,we h already po9t$ out h[ ! ,acts give _! prop] title to ! magi/rates ( ,philippi & recognise its peculi> con/itution z a colony4 ,!ssalonica =ms an int]e/+ contra/ to ,philippi4 ,!ssalonica 0 a free city1 l ,antio* 9 ,syria1 ,t>sus1 & ,a!ns1 & !re=e1 ?\gh ! resid5ce ( ! proconsul :o rul$ ! prov9ce ( ,mac$onia1 0 gov]n$ by its own anci5t magi/rates & its own anci5t laws1 )\t any int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! proconsul4 ,/4 ,luke makes a m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 ,philippi & ,!ssalonica4 ,at ,philippi ! ,apo/les 7 br\ght be=e ! prtors1 at ,!ssalonica !y 7 br\ght be=e ! polit>*s1#afa a title /range to classical antiquity1 b :i* has be5 f\nd ^u a triumphal ar* :i* exi/$ till a few ye>s ago across ! ma9 /reet ( ! mod]n city ( ,!ssalonica4 ,t ar* has n[ disappe>$2 b ! fragm5ts conta9+ ! inscription 7 =tunately pres]v$ & h be5 n[ plac$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :]e !y =m a preci\s relic prov+ ! g5u95ess ( ! sacr$ n>rative4 #afa ,?is case ( ,!ssalonica is an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ,bi%op ,lightfoot's /atem5t3--,! gov]nm5t ( ! ,roman prov9ces at ?is "t 0 peculi>ly dang]\s gr\nd = ! romance-writ] to v5ture ^u 7,essays on ,sup]natural ,religion1 p4 #bia74 ,if ! ,roman prov9ces 7 a dang]\s gr\nd = a romance-writ]1 su* z "s critics w\ld make ! au?or ( ! ,acts1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! l>ge ,grco-,roman t[ns & cities 0 /ill m dang]\s1 z sc>cely any two successive ones 7 alike4 ,!ssalonica is a good in/ance ( ?is4 ,/4 ,luke calls ! magi/rates polit>*s1 & ! triumphal ar* at ,!ssalonica calls !m polit>*s2 a title :i* seems to h be5 a v r>e "o1 z only "o o!r in/ance ( its occurr5ce has be5 discov]$4 ,mona/ir1 9 ! nor?-we/ ( ,mac$onia1 is an important t[n1 & !re an inscription belong+ to ! anci5t ,deuriopus1 twelve miles di/ant1 0 f\nd m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago conta9+ ! same title1 polit>*s4 ,surely ! /ones out ( ! walls ( ,!ssalonica & ( ,mona/ir cry out 9 def5ce ( ,/4 ,luke's accuracy6 ,see ,mr4 ,toz]'s ,highl&s ( ,turkey1 vol4 i41 p4 #ade1 & vol4 ii41 p4 #ceh1 ,app5d4 ,b2 ,bckh's ,corp4 ,ins4 ,grc41 ,no4 #aifg2 articles by ! ,abb ,belley 9 ! ,acad4 des ,inscript41 xxxviii41 p4 #abe1 & by ,mr4 ,vaux 9 ! ,trans4 ( ,roy4 ,soc4 ( ,lit]ature1 vol4 viii41 new s]ies4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,/4 ,,paul ,,9 ,,greece4 ,n[ :ile ,paul wait$ = !m at ,a!ns1 8 _s 0 provok$ )9 him1 z he beheld ! city full ( idols4 ,s he reason$ 9 ! synagogue ) ! ,jews & ! dev\t p]sons1 & 9 ! m>ket-place e day ) !m t met ) him4 ,& c]ta9 also ( ! ,epicurean & ,/oic philosoph]s enc\nt]$ him4 ,& "s said1 ,:at w\ld ?is babbl] say8 o!r "s1 ,he seeme? to be a sett] =? ( /range gods3 because he prea*$ ,jesus & ! resurrection4--,,acts xvii4 #af-ah4 ,aft] ^! ?+s ,paul dep>t$ f ,a!ns1 & came to ,cor9?4--,,acts xviii4 #a4 ,!re are p>allelisms 9 hi/ory :i* are v /rik+1 & yet ^! p>allelisms c be easily expla9$4 ,! /ress & /ra9 ( difficulties act+ ^u l>ge masses ( m5 evolve & call =? simil> types ( "*1 & dem& ! ex]cise ( simil> p[]s4 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,a?anasius are illu/rations ( ?is /atem5t4 ,!y 7 bo? little m51 bo? en?usia/ic 9 _! views1 bo? pursu$ all _! lives long ) bitt] ho/ility1 & bo? _h exp]i5ce ( ! mo/ m>vell\s & hairbread? escapes4 ,if any read] w take up ,dean ,/anley's ,hi/ory ( ! ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 & read ! acc\nt giv5 ( ,/4 ,a?anasius 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( t "w1 he w be /rik+ly rem9d$ ( ,/4 ,paul 9 ^! v>i\s aspects1 b specially 9 ! matt] ( 8 wondr\s escapes f 8 deadly enemies1 :i* 7 s num]\s t at la/ !y came to reg>d ,a?anasius z a magician :o elud$ _! designs by ! help ( 8 famili> spirits4 ,x 0 mu* ! same ) ,/4 ,paul4 ,hairbread? escapes 7 8 daily exp]i5ce1 z he himself po9ts out 9 ! elev5? *apt] ( 8 ,second ,epi/le to ,cor9?4 ,he !re enum]ates a few ( !m1 b q omits 8 escapes f ,j]usalem1 f ! ,pisidian ,antio*1 f ,iconium1 ,ly/ra1 ,!ssalonica1 & la/ ( all f ,b]a1 :5ce he 0 driv5 by ! r5ew$ ma*9ations ( ! ,!ssalonian ,jews1 :o f\nd out aft] a "t :i!r ! object ( _! hatr$ _h fl$4 ,paul's m9i/ry at ,b]a 0 n fruitless1 %ort z x may h be54 ,he e/abli%$ a ,*ur* !re :i* took good c>e ( ! preci\s life entru/$ to its keep+1 & !re=e z soon z ! deputies ( ! ,!ssalonian synagogue came to ,b]a & began to "w ^u ! ,jews ( ! local synagogue1 z well z ^u ! pagan mob ( ! t[n1 ! ,b]an disciples took ,paul1 :o 0 ! special object ( ,jewi% hatr$1 & despat*$ him d[n to ! sea-coa/1 "s tw5ty miles di/ant1 9 *>ge ( c]ta9 tru/y mess5g]s1 :ile ,silas rema9$ beh9d1 9 tempor>y concealm5t d\btless1 9 ord] t he might consolidate ! ,*ur*4#afb ,"h we get a h9t1 a pass+ glimpse ( ,/4 ,paul's infirmity4 ,he 0 despat*$ 9 *>ge ( tru/y mess5g]s1 ,i h said1 :o 7 to %[ him ! way4 ,!y t conduct$ ,paul br\ght him z f> z ,a!ns4 ,8 oph?almia1 p]haps1 _h become specially bad ow+ to ! r\gh usage he _h exp]i5c$1 & s he c\ld n escape all solit>y & alone z he did 9 e>li] ye>s f ,damascus1 & !re=e guides 7 necess>y :o %\ld conduct him z f> z ! sea1 & !n1 :5 !y _h got t f>1 !y did n leave him alone4 ,!y emb>k$ 9 ! %ip ) him1 &1 sail+ to ,a!ns1 deposit$ him safely 9 a lodg+4 ,! j\rney 0 by sea1 n by l&1 because a sea j\rney 0 necess>ily mu* easi] = ! sickly & we>y ,apo/le ?an ! l& r\te w\ld h be51 (f]+ too a mu* sur] escape f ! dang]s ( pursuit4 #afb ,x is well1 p]haps1 to be> 9 m9d ! di/ances :i* sep>ate ! v>i\s /ages ( ,/4 ,paul's progress ?r\gh ,mac$onia4 ,!ssalonica 0 ab\t a hundr$ miles f ,philippi1 ,b]a fifty f ,!ssalonica1 & ! sea-coa/ ( ! ,!rmaic ,gulf1 or ! ,gulf ( ,salonica1 z x is n[ call$1 "s tw5ty miles f ,b]a4 ,! voyage 0 an easy "o1 & n too prolong$4 ,! boat or %ip 9 :i* ! ,apo/le 0 emb>k$ pass$ ?r\gh spl5did sc5]y4 ,on 8 "r h&1 z he /e]$ = ! s\?1 0 ! magnific5t m\nta9 ( ,olympus1 ! fabl$ abode ( ! gods1 ris+ a cle> t5 ?\s& feet into ! region ( p]petual sn[1 :ile on 8 left 0 ,m\nt ,a?os1 ^u :i* he _h be5 look+ ev] s9ce ! day t he left ,troas4 ,b ! ,apo/le _h no eye = ! sc5]y1 nor _h ,/4 ,luke a ^w to be/[ ^u its description1 ?\gh he (t5 pass$ ?r\gh x1 absorb$ z !y 7 9 ! contemplation ( ! awful realities ( a _w unse54 ,! sea voyage f ! place :]e ,/4 ,paul emb>k$ till he came to ,phal]um1 ! port ( ,a!ns1 :]e he l&$1 la/$ p]haps ?ree or f\r days1 & cov]$ ab\t two hundr$ miles1 be+ some:at simil> 9 di/ance1 sc5]y1 & surr\nd+s to ! voyage f ,glasg[ to ,dubl9 or ,bri/ol1 l& 9 bo? cases be+ 9 sight all ! "t & spl5did m\nta9 ranges b\nd+ ! views on ei!r side4#afc #afc ,! be/ description :i* ,i "k ( ?is neighb\rhood is t giv5 by ,mr4 ,toz] 9 8 ,highl&s ( ,turkey1 vol4 ii41 p4 #h4 ,/4 ,paul emb>k$ at ! head ( ! long1 n>r[ gulf1 call$ anci5tly ! ,!rmaic ,gulf1 lead+ up to ! city ( ,!ssalonica4 ,! ,apo/le mu/ h sail$ 9 a m]e fi%+ smack or good-siz$ boat1 z ! iron-b\nd we/]n coa/ ( ?is gulf is devoid ( h>b\rs suffici5t = l>ge %ips4 ,mr4 ,toz] himself sail$ f ,!ssalonica 9 su* a vessel1 see l4c41 vol4 ii41 p4 #d3 ,we *>t]$ a vessel to convey u d[n ! bay1 a six-o>$ ,smyrna caque1 q elegant 9 h] appo9tm5ts z comp>$ ) ! ord9>y lumb]+ m>ket boats & coa/]s ( ^! seas1 & a tight little craft )al1 = ?\gh n m ?an six feet 9 wid?1 & )\t a deck1 %e _h made a voyage to ! ,crimea dur+ ! w>4 ,cic]o1 ev5 :5 go+ z proconsul into ,asia travell$ 9 ! undeck$ vessel ( ! ,rhodians1 ( ^: weakness & sl[ness he compla9s3 see 8 lett]s to ,atticus1 v4 #ab & #ac4 ,/4 ,paul l&$ ab\t ,novemb] #a/1 #ea1 at ,phal]um1 "o ( ! two ports ( anci5t ,a!ns1 ! ,piru be+ ! o!r1 & !nce 8 unc]ta9 /eps 7 guid$ to ! city itself1 :]e he 0 left alone 9 "s lodg+4 ,! ,b]an ,*ri/ians to :om he 0 entru/$ return$ p]haps 9 ! same vessel 9 :i* !y _h previ\sly travell$1 z ! w9t] season1 :5 navigation l>gely ceas$1 0 n[ fa/ advanc+1 be>+ ) !m a message to ,timo?y & ,silas to come z rapidly z possible to 8 assi/ance1 ! ,apo/le be+ practically helpless :5 depriv$ ( 8 tru/$ fri5ds4 ,at ,a!ns ,/4 ,paul = a "t mov$ ab\t exam9+ ! city = himself1 a process :i* soon r\s$ him to action & br\ght matt]s to a crisis4 ,/4 ,paul 0 well us$ to pagan t[ns & ! sights ) :i* !y 7 fill$4 ,f 8 e>lie/ y\? 9 ,t>sus idolatry & its abom9ations mu/ h be5 a pa9 & grief to him2 b ,a!ns he f\nd to exce$ !m all1 s t 8 _s 0 provok$ )9 him z he beheld ! city full ( idols4 ,we h 9 anci5t ,greek lit]ature ! mo/ int]e/+ confirmation ( ! /atem5t "h made by ,/4 ,luke4 ,we /ill possess a descriptive acc\nt ( ,greece writt5 by a *atty ,greek travell] nam$ ,pausanias1 9 ! days ( ! ,anton9es1 t is1 less ?an a hundr$ ye>s aft] ,/4 ,paul's visit1 & :5 ,a!ns 0 practically ! same z 9 ! ,apo/le's day4 ,pausanias ent]s into ! greate/ details ab\t ,a!ns1 describ+ ! /atues ( gods & h]oes1 ! temples1 ! wor%ip1 ! cu/oms ( ! p1 be/[+ ! fir/ ?irty *apt]s ( 8 fir/ book ^u ,a!ns alone4 ,pausanias's ,description ( ,greece#afd is mo/ int]e/+ to e "o because he saw ,a!ns 9 ! height ( its lit]>y glory & ar*itectural spl5d\r1 & x is specially int]e/+ to ! ,bible /ud5t because x amply confirms & illu/rates ! details ( ,/4 ,paul's visit4 #afd ,?is important "w may be mo/ easily consult$ 9 ,%illeto's translation1 publi%$ 9 ,bohn's ,classical ,libr>y1 ,bell ,sons1 ,london1 #ahhf4 ,?us we are told 9 words j quot$ t ,/4 ,paul f\nd ! city full ( idols1 & ?is provok$ 8 _s ov] & above ! usual provocation he receiv$ :]ev] he f\nd dead idols l ^! usurp+ ! place rightfully belong+ to ! ,"l ( ! univ]se4 ,n[ let u take up ,pausanias1 & :at does he tell u8 ,9 8 fir/ *apt] he tells h[ ! ports ( ,a!ns 7 cr[d$ on e side ) temples1 & adorn$ ) /atues ( gold & silv]4 ,phal]um1 ! port :]e ,paul l&$1 _h temples ( ,demet]1 ( ,a!ne1 ( ,zeus1 & alt>s ( gods unkn[n1 ( :i* we %all pres5tly speak4 ,!n we c p]use *apt] aft] *apt] cr[d$ ) descriptions ( /atues & temples1 till 9 ! sev5te5? *apt] we read h[ 9 _! pan!i/ic en?usiasm !y idolis$ ! mo/ impalpable ( ?+s3 ,! ,a!nians h 9 ! m>ket-place1 among o!r ?+s n univ]sally notable1 an alt> ( ,m]cy1 to :om1 ?\gh mo/ useful ( all ! gods to ! life ( man & its vicissitudes1 ! ,a!nians alone ( all ! ,greeks assign hon\rs4 ,& n only is philan?ropy m reg>d$ among !m1 b !y also exhibit m piety to ! gods ?an o!rs2 = !y h also an alt> to ,%ame & ,rum\r & ,en]gy4 ,& x is cle> t ^? p :o h a l>g] %>e ( piety ?an o!rs h also a l>g] %>e ( good =tune4 ,:ile aga91 9 *apt] xxiv41 dwell+ ^u ! /atues ( ,h]cules & ,a!ne1 ,pausanias rem>ks1 ,i h said be=e t ! ,a!nians1 m ?an any o!r ,greeks1 h a zeal = religion4 ,a!ns 01 at ! "t ( ,/4 ,paul's visit1 ! lead+ univ]sity ( ! _w1 & univ]sity life !n 0 p]meat$ ) ! _s ( paganism1 ! lov]s ( philosophy & sci5ce delight+ to adorn ,a!ns ) temples & /atues & end[m5ts z expressions ( ! gratitude !y felt = ! culture :i* !y _h !re ga9$4#afe ,^! ?+s _h1 h[ev]1 no *>m = ! ,apo/le ,paul4 ,"s mod]ns1 view+ him f an unsympa!tic po9t ( view1 w\ld describe him 9 _! peculi> language z a m]e ,phili/9e 9 _s1 unable to recognise ! mat]ial beauty & glory :i* lay ar\nd4 ,& ?is is true4 ,! beauty :i* ! ar*itect & ! sculptor w\ld admire 0 = ! ,apo/le to a l>ge ext5t non-exi/5t1 ow+ to 8 defective eyesight2 b ev5 :5 recognis$ x 0 an object r ( dislike & ( abhorr5ce ?an ( admiration & pleasure1 because ! ,apo/le saw deep] ?an ! man ( m]e sup]ficial culture & /hetic ta/e4 ,! ,apo/le saw ^! idols & ! temples consecrat$ to _! use f ! moral & spiritual /&po9t1 & view$ !m !re=e z ! outw>d & visible signs ( an inw>d fe/]+ corruption & rott5ness1 ! m beautiful p]haps because ( ! m awful decay :i* lay b5ea?4 #afe ,! ,emp]or ,hadrian1 = in/ance1 adorn$ ,a!ns ) exp5sive build+s & libr>ies1 & enri*$ x ) end[m5ts4 ,see ,duhr's "w1 p4 #dd1 on ! ,j\rneys ( ! ,emp]or ,hadrian1 publi%$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,ar*ological ,society ( ,vi5na2 & cf4 ,pausanias1 i4 #ah4 ,! glimpses :i* ,/4 ,paul got ( ,a!ns z he w&]$ ab\t r\s$ 8 _s & quick5$ him to action4 ,he foll[$ 8 usual c\rse !re=e4 ,he fir/ s\ght 8 own c\ntrym5 ! ,jews4 ,!re 0 a colony ( ,jews at ,a!ns1 z we "k f indep5d5t s\rces4 ,philo 0 a ,jew ! au!nticity ( ^: writ+s1 at lea/ 9 great "p1 has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,he liv$ at ,alex&ria at ?is v p]iod1 & 0 s5t1 ab\t twelve ye>s e>li]1 z an ambassador to ,rome to prote/ aga9/ ! cruel p]secutions to :i* ! ,alex&rian ,jews _h be5 subject$ at ! "t :5 ,caligula made ! attempt to erect 8 /atue at ,j]usalem1 ( :i* we h spok5 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,he wrote an acc\nt ( 8 j\rney to ,rome & 8 treatm5t by ! ,emp]or1 :i* is call$ ,legatio ad ,caium1 & 9 x he m5tions ,a!ns z "o ( ! cities :]e a consid]able ,jewi% colony exi/$4#aff ,we "k practically no?+ m ab\t ?is ,jewi% colony save :at we are told "h by ,/4 ,luke1 t x 0 l>ge en\gh to h a synagogue1 n a m]e oratory l ! ,philippian ,jews4#afg ,x _c1 h[ev]1 h be5 a v l>ge "o4 ,a!ns 0 n a seat ( any consid]able trade1 & !re=e _h no su* attractions = ! ,jews z ei!r ,!ssalonica or ,cor9?2 :ile its ab\nd+ idolatry & its c\ntless images w\ld be repellant to _! feel+s4 ,mod]n inve/igations h1 inde$1 br\ght to light a few anci5t inscriptions te/ify+ to ! pres5ce ( ,jews at ,a!ns 9 ^! e>li] ages2 b o!rwise we "k no?+ ab\t !m4 ,! synagogue seems to h imbib$ a good deal ( ! same easy-go+ contemptu\sly tol]ant _s ) :i* ! :ole atmosph]e ( ,a!ns 0 infect$4 ,jews & pagans alike li/5$ to ,/4 ,paul1 & !n turn$ away to _! own pursuits4 ,9 a city :]e e religion 0 repres5t$1 & e religion discuss$ & laugh$ at1 h[ c\ld any "o be v mu* 9 e>ne/8 ,/4 ,paul !n turn$ f ! ,jews to ! ,g5tiles4 ,he frequ5t$ ! m>ket-place1 a well-kn[n spot1 ne> to ! fav\rite meet+-place ( ! ,/oic philosoph]s4#afh ,!re ,/4 ,paul ent]$ into discussion ) individuals or ) gr\ps z !y pres5t$ !mselves4 ,! philosoph]s soon took notice ( ! new-com]4 ,8 mann]1 t]ribly 9 e>ne/1 w\ld soon h secur$ att5tion 9 any society1 & mu* m 9 ,a!ns1 :]e :ole-s\l$ & int5se en?usiasm 0 ! "o intellectual quality :i* 0 completely want+4 ,= :o b a man t _h he>d ! voice ( ,god & _h se5 ! vision ( ! ,almighty c\ld be 9 e>ne/ 9 a city :]e resid5ts & /rang]s soj\rn+ !re all alike sp5t _! "t 9 no?+ else b ei!r to tell or to he> "s new ?+8 ,! philosoph]s & ,/oics & ,epicureans alike 7 attract$ by ,/4 ,paul's mann]4 ,!y li/5$ to him z he disc\rs$ ( ,jesus & ! ,resurrection1 ! two topics :i* absorb$ him4 ,!y mi/ook 8 mean+ 9 a mann] v natural to ! place1 /range z x may seem to u4 ,9 ,a!ns ! popul> wor%ip 0 ?or\ghly ,pan!i/ic4 ,e desire1 passion1 infirmity ev5 ( human nature 0 deifi$ & ador$1 & !re=e1 z we h already po9t$ out1 ,pity & ,%ame & ,en]gy & ,rum\r1 ! la/ inde$ ! mo/ fitt+ & significant ( !m all = a p :o simply liv$ to talk1 f\nd spirits will+ to pro/rate !mselves 9 _! s]vice & alt>s d$icat$ to _! hon\r4 ,! philosoph]s he>d ?is new ,jewi% tea*] proclaim+ ! virtues & bless+s ( ,jesus & ! ,resurrection1 & !y conclud$ ,jesus to be "o div9ity & ! ,resurrection ano!r div9ity1 lately import$ f ! my/]i\s ,ea/4 ,! philosoph]s 7 ! ari/ocracy ( ! ,a!nian city1 rev]5c$ z ! ,univ]sity pr(essors 9 a ,g]man or ,scot* t[n1 & !y at once br\ght ! new-com] be=e ! c\rt ( ,areopagus1 ! highe/ 9 ,a!ns1 *>g$1 z 9 ! "t ( ,socrates1 ) ! duty ( sup]vis+ ! affairs ( ! national religion1 & puni%+ all attacks & innovations !reon4 ,! ,apo/le 0 l$ up ! /eps or /airs :i* /ill rema91 ! judges took _! places on ! rock-hewn b5*es1 ,/4 ,paul 0 plac$ ^u ! def5dant's /one1 call$1 z ,pausanias tells u1 ! ,/one ( ,impud5ce1 & !n ! trial began4 #aff ,any "o wi%+ to consult ! writ+s ( ?is contempor>y ( ,/4 ,paul c f9d ,philo's works translat$ into ,engli% 9 #d vols4 9 ,bohn's ,libr>y ( ,ecclesia/ical ,antiquity4 ,a comp>ison ( ,/4 ,paul's writ+s ) ^? ( ,philo w %[ u ! wondr\s sup]iority ( ^? ( ! ,*ri/ian ,apo/le1 ow+ to 8 inspiration by ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,/4 ,paul's writ+s are a p]petual fea/ ( fat ?+s n\ri%+ ! s\l unto ev]la/+ life4 ,! writ+s ( ,philo are curi\s & int]e/+1 b no "o w\ld dream ( tak+ !m z a spiritual guide ( life4 #afg ,! ,a!nians _h = a long "t previ\s to ,/4 ,paul's visit "s comm]cial relations ) ! ,jewi% nation4 ,josephus1 ,antiqq41 ,,xiv4 #h1 tells u h[ !y erect$ a brass /atue ( ! high prie/ ,hyrcanus1 z an expression ( _! good w to ! ,jewi% nation4 ,?is 0 a hundr$ ye>s be=e ,/4 ,paul's visit4 ,bayet discov]$ e>ly ,jewi% inscriptions among ! ,a!nian cemet]ies4 ,see 8 ,de ,titulis ,attic ,*ri/ianis1 pp4 #abb-bd1 ( :i* we treat 9 a note infra4 #afh ,pausanias1 i4 #ae1 gives a description ( ! ,por* or ,pa9t$ ,*amb]1 ! ,/oa ,pcile1 :5ce ! ,/oics d]iv$ _! "n1 %[+ t x 0 close to ! ,agora1 or m>ket-place1 :]e ,paul disput$4 ,! ,a!nian philosoph]s 7 cultur$1 & !y 7 polite4 ,!y dem&1 !re=e1 9 bl& tones1 ,may we "k :at ?is new tea*+ is1 :i* is spok5 by !e8 ,= ?\ br+e/ c]ta9 /range ?+s to our e>s2 we w\ld "k1 !re=e1 :at ^! ?+s mean4 ,& n[ ,/4 ,paul has got 8 *ance ( a li/5+ audi5ce4 ,he has come across a new type ( he>]s1 su* z he has n enjoy$ s9ce ^? e>ly days ( 8 fir/ ,*ri/ian love1 :51 aft] 8 escape f ,j]usalem1 he resid$ at ! univ]sity city ( ,t>sus = a long "t1 till s\ght out by ,b>nabas to come & m9i/] to ! cr[ds ( ,g5tiles :o 7 flock+ into ! ,*ur* at ,antio*4#afi ,/4 ,paul knew "r well ! t5ets ( ! two classes ( m51 ! ,/oics & ! ,epicureans1 ) :om he _h to cont5d1 & he deals ) !m effectually 9 ! spee* :i* he deliv]$ be=e ! c\rt4 ,( t address we h only ! b>e/ outl9e4 ,! report giv5 9 ! ,acts conta9s ab\t two hundr$ & fifty words1 & mu/ h la/$ little m ?an two m9utes if t 0 all ,/4 ,paul said4 ,x embodies1 h[ev]1 m]ely ! lead+ argum5ts us$ by ! ,apo/le z ,timo?y or "s o!r disciple recollect$ !m & told !m to ,/4 ,luke4 ,let u see :at ^! argum5ts 74 ,he beg9s ) a complim5t to ! ,a!nians4 ,! ,au?oris$1 & ev5 ! ,revis$1 ,v]sion repres5t him inde$ z beg9n+ l an unskill$ & unwise speak] ) giv+ 8 audi5ce a slap 9 ! face4 ,ye m5 ( ,a!ns1 9 all ?+s ,i p]ceive t ye are some:at sup]/iti\s1 w\ld n h be5 ! mo/ conciliatory =m ( address to a ke5-witt$ assembly l t be=e :i* he 0 n[ /&+4 ,x w\ld h t5d$ to set _! backs up at once4 ,if we /udy ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/les1 specially 8 ,fir/ ,epi/le to ,cor9?1 we %all f9d t ev5 :5 he _h to f9d ! mo/ griev\s faults ) 8 disciples1 he always began l a prud5t man by conciliat+ _! feel+s1 prais+ !m = :atev] he c\ld f9d good or bless$ 9 !m4 ,surely if ,/4 ,paul act$ ?us ) believ]s liv+ unwor?y ( _! heav5ly call+1 he w\ld be /ill m c>eful n to (f5d m5 :om he wi%$ to w9 ov] to ,*ri/6 ,/4 ,paul's exordium 0 complim5t>y r ?an o!rwise1 be>+ out ! description :i* ,pausanias gives ( ! ,a!nians ( 8 own day1 t !y h m ?an o!r ,greeks1 a zeal = religion4 ,let u exp& 8 ?\ghts some:at t we may grasp _! =ce4 ,m5 ( ,a!ns1 9 all ?+s ,i p]ceive t ye are m religi\s & m devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ! deity ?an o!r m54 ,= z ,i pass$ along & obs]v$ ! objects ( y\r wor%ip1 ,i f\nd also an alt> ) ?is inscription1 ,to ! unkn[n ,god4 ,/4 ,paul "h displays 8 read9ess z a practis$ orator4 ,he %[s 8 p[] & read9ess to become all ?+s to all m54 ,he seizes ^u ! excessive devotion ( ! ,a!nians4 ,he does n abuse !m on acc\nt ( x1 he uses x r z a good & useful f\ndation on :i* he may build a wor?i] /ructure1 z a good & sacr$ pr9ciple1 hi!rto misappli$1 b h5ce=? to be d$icat$ to a nobl] purpose4 ,! circum/ance ^u :i* ,/4 ,paul seiz$1 ! exi/5ce ( an alt> d$icat$ to ! unkn[n ,god1 is amply confirm$ by hi/oric evid5ce4 ,/4 ,paul may h notic$ su* alt>s z he pass$ up ! road f ,phal]um1 :]e he l&$1 to ! city ( ,a!ns1 :]e1 z we le>n f ,pausanias1 ! next-c5tury travell]1 su* alt>s exi/$ 9 8 "t2 or he may h se5 !m on ! v hill ( ,areopagus on :i* he 0 /&+1 :]e1 f anci5t times1 z we le>n f ano!r writ]1 alt>s exi/$ d$icat$ to ! unkn[n gods :o s5t a plague ^u ,a!ns4#agj ,/4 ,paul's argum5t !n 0 ?is4 ,! ,a!nians 7 already wor%ipp]s ( ! ,unkn[n ,god4 ,?is 0 ! v deity he came proclaim+1 & !re=e he c\ld n be a sett] =? ( /range gods nor liable to puni%m5t 9 consequ5ce4 ,he !n proce$s to decl>e m fully ! nature ( ! ,deity hi!rto unkn[n4 ,he 0 ! ,god t made ! _w & all ?+s !re94 ,he 0 n id5tical !re=e ) ! visible creation z ! ,pan!ism ( ! ,/oics decl>$1#aga b gave to all out ( ,8 own imm5se fulness life & weal?1 & all ?+s2 nei!r 0 ,he l ! gods ( ! ,epicureans :o sat f> alo( f all c>e & ?\ght ab\t ?is l[] _w4 ,/4 ,paul taught ,god's p]sonal exi/5ce z aga9/ ! ,/oics1 & ,god's provid5ce z aga9/ ! ,epicureans4 ,!n he /ruck /raight at ! root ( t national pride1 t supreme contempt = ! outside b>b>ic _w1 :i* exi/$ z /rongly among ^! cultur$ agno/ic ,greek philosoph]s z among ! mo/ n>r[1 fanatical1 & bigot$ ,jews3 ,he made ( "o e nation ( m5 = to dwell on all ! face ( ! e>?1 hav+ det]m9$ _! appo9t$ seasons1 & ! b\nds ( _! habitation2 t !y %\ld seek ,god1 if haply !y might feel aft] ,him1 & f9d ,him4 ,a doctr9e :i* mu/ h s\nd$ exce$+ /range to ^! ,greeks accu/om$ to despise ! b>b>ian _w1 look+ d[n ^u x f ! height ( _! le>n+ & civilisation1 & reg>d+ !mselves z ! only fav\rites ( ,heav54 ,/4 ,paul proclaims on ! ,hill ( ,m>s ,*ri/ian lib]alism1 ! ca?olic & cosmopolitan "* ( ! true religion 9 opposition to ?is ,greek contempt gr\nd$ on m]e human position & privilege1 z cle>ly & z l\dly z he proclaim$ ! same great tru? at ,j]usalem or 9 ! synagogues ( ! ,disp]sion 9 opposition to ,jewi% exclusiv5ess gr\nd$ on ! ,div9e cov5ant4 ,/4 ,paul _h grasp$ ! great lesson taught by ! prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z !y prophesi$ conc]n+ ,babylon1 ,egypt1 & ,tyre4 ,!y proclaim$ ! lesson :i* ,jewi% e>s 7 sl[ to le>n1 !y taught ! ,jews ! tru? :i* ,paul prea*$ to ! philosoph]s ( ,a!ns1 !y act$ ^u ! pr9ciple :i* x 0 ! great "w ( ,paul's life to exemplify1 t ,god's c>e & love & provid5ce are ov] all ,8 works1 t ,8 m]cies are n re/ra9$ to any "o nation1 b t1 hav+ made ( "o all nations ^u ! face ( ! e>?1 ,8 bless+s are be/[$ ^u !m all alike4 ,?is tru? "h taught by ,/4 ,paul has be5 sl[ to make its way4 ,m5 h be5 sl[ to ackn[l$ge ! equality ( all nations 9 ,god's sight1 v sl[ to give up _! own claims to exceptional treatm5t & bless+ on ! "p ( ! ,almighty4 ,! great pr9ciple enunciat$ by ! ,apo/le /ruck1 = in/ance1 at ! evil ( slav]y1 yet h[ sl[ly x made its way4 ,till ?irty ye>s ago really good & pi\s m5 saw no?+ inconsi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity 9 negro slav]y4 ,*ri/ian communions ev5 7 e/abli%$ gr\nd$ on ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple1 ! righte\s "* ( slav]y4 ,john ,newton 0 a slave trad]1 & seems to h se5 no?+ wrong 9 x4 ,george ,:itfield own$ slaves1 & bequea!d !m z "p ( 8 prop]ty to be held = 8 ,orphan ,h\se 9 ,am]ica4 ,b x is n only slav]y t ?is great pr9ciple ov]?r[s4 ,x /rikes d[n e =m ( inju/ice & wrong4 ,god has made all m5 ( "o2 !y are all equally ,8 c>e1 & !re=e e act ( inju/ice is a violation ( ! ,div9e law :i* is ?us express$4 ,su* ideas mu/ h seem$ exce$+ly /range1 & ev5 unnatural to m5 accu/om$ to rev]5ce ! tea*+ & /udy ! writ+s ( guides l ,ari/otle1 ^: dogma 0 t slav]y 0 bas$ on ! v con/itution ( nature itself :i* =m$ "s m5 to rule & o!rs to be slaves4 #afi ,t p]iod ( retirem5t at ,t>sus may h be5 utilis$ by ,/4 ,paul 9 /udy+ classical lit]ature & ,greek philosophy by way ( prep>ation = t life's "w among ! ,g5tiles1 to :i* he 0 appo9t$ at 8 conv]sion4 #agj ,!re are frequ5t notices ( ! alt>s to ! unkn[n gods 9 anci5t ,greek writ]s3 z 9 ,pausanias1 ,description ( ,greece1 vol4 i41 p4 #b 7,%illeto's translation72 ,life ( ,apollonius1 by ,philo/ratus1 vi41 #c2 ,lucian's ,philopatris1 #bi4 ,see1 h[ev]1 = exhau/ive discussions ( ?is po9t1 & ! :ole subject ( ! topography ( anci5t ,a!ns1 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #bdb2 ,f>r>'s ,/4 ,paul1 *4 xxvii41 & ,conybe>e & ,h[son's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 *4 x4 ,spon & ,:eel] 7 travell]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ^: works on ?is subject are important z %[+ ,a!ns z x exi/$ be=e mod]n *anges4 ,"s ( ! reports ( travels 9 ,greece1 made by em95t s*ol>s 9 ! same c5tury1 & n[ v little kn[n1 may be f\nd 9 ! e>ly volumes ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society4 #aga ,/4 ,paul %[s t he c\ld sympa?ise ) ! true elem5t 9 pan!i/ic /oicism by 8 fam\s words :i* h a c]ta9 pan!i/ic r+1 b /ill a v diff]5t "o f t ( ! ,/oics3 ,9 ,him we live & move & h our be+4 ,/4 ,paul does n f9i% ) ?is4 ,he has n yet exhau/$ all 8 message4 ,he _h n[ dealt ) ! intellectual errors & mi/akes ( 8 he>]s4 ,he _h ar\nd him & above him1 if he c\ld b see ! magnific5t figure ( ,a!ne1 ! pride & glory ( ! ,acropolis1 ) its surr\nd+ temples1 ! mo/ /rik+ pro(s h[ _! intellectual mi/akes _h l$ ! wise ( ?is _w into fatal & degrad+ practices4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 argum5t1 hav+ %[n ! ne>ness ( ,god to man1 ,9 ,him we live & move & h our be+1 & ! ,div9e desire t man %\ld seek aft] & "k ,god1 he quot$ a passage common to sev]al well-kn[n poets1 ,= we are also ,8 (fspr+4#agb ,?is 0 suffici5t = ,/4 ,paul1 :o z we see1 9 all 8 ,epi/les1 (t5 flies (f at a tang5t :5 a ^w slips z x 7 by *ance f 8 p51 lead+ him (f to a new tra9 ( ideas4 ,we are ! (fspr+ ( ,god4 ,h[ is x !n t m5 c conceive ! ,godhead1 t :i* is ,div9e1 to be l unto ^? gold & silv]1 brass or m>ble /atues1 ev5 ?\gh wr\ght ) ! greate/ possible skill4 ,! philosoph]s inde$ pret5d$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,et]nal ,godhead & ^! div9ities & images innum]able1 :i* 7 b repres5tations ( 8 sev]al *>act]i/ics & attributes4 ,b ev5 if !y di/+ui%$ intellectually1 !y did n di/+ui% 9 practice1 & ! p f ! highe/ to ! l[e/ id5tifi$ ! idol ) ! deity itself1 & r5d]$ !reto ! hon\r due to ,god4#agc #agb ,^! words are directly & lit]ally tak5 out ( ! ,phnom5a ( ,aratus1 a ,greek poet ( ,cilicia & a fell[-c\ntryman ( ! orator4 ,he 0 absolutely correct1 h[ev]1 9 say+ c]ta9 ( y\r own poets1 z ! same s5tim5t is f\nd 9 a hymn to ,jupit]1 compos$ by ! ,/oic philosoph] & poet ,clean!s1 a poem :i* w be f\nd ) a ,lat9 v]sion 9 ,cudwor?'s ,intellectual ,sy/em4 ,clean!s 0 ! imm$iate successor ( ,z5o1 ! f\nd] ( ,/oicism4 ,8 words !re=e w\ld h ! m weight ) 8 disciples ?ree c5turies lat]4 ,he di$1 l a ,/oic1 ( hung]1 ag$ eighty1 & a /atue 0 erect$ to him by ! ,roman ,s5ate 9 8 native place ,assos1 a t[n ( olis 9 ,greece4 ,see = m ab\t ,clean!s & ,aratus1 ,fabricius1 ,biblio!ca ,grca1 or ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,greek & ,rom4 ,biog4 #agc ,z x 0 ) ! anci5t image wor%ipp]s1 s is x ) ! mod]n4 ,! excuses made = ! pagans 9 anci5t times are exactly ! same z ^? made = ! image wor%ipp]s ( ! eigh? & lat] c5turies3 see ! article on ,iconoclasm 9 ! ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog4 ,/4 ,paul !n proce$s to enunciate 8 own doctr9es4 ,he lightly t\*es ^u1 z he did previ\sly at ,ly/ra 7*4 xiv4 #af71 a subject :i* nei!r ! "t at 8 disposal nor ! position ( 8 he>]s w\ld p]mit him to discuss4 ,he glances at1 b does n attempt to expla91 :y ,god _h po/pon$ to t late date ?is novel tea*+3 ,! times ( ignorance ,god ov]look$2 b n[ ,he comm&e? m5 t !y %\ld all ev]y:]e rep5t4 ,?is doctr9e ( rep5tance1 involv+ a s5se ( s9 & sorr[ = x1 mu/ h s\nd$ exce$+ /range to ^? philosophic e>s1 z did ! ann\ncem5t ) :i* ! ,apo/le foll[s x up1 ! proclamation ( a future judgm5t by a ,man :om ,god _h orda9$ = ! purpose1 & au!nticat$ by rais+ him f ! dead4 ,"h ! cr[d int]rupt$ him4 ,! ,resurrection1 or ,ana/asis1 :i* ,paul prea*$ 0 n !n a new deity1 b an impossible process ?r\gh :i* no man save 9 fable _h ev] pass$4 ,:5 ! ,apo/le got ?us f> ! assembly broke up4 ,! idea ( a resurrection ( a dead man 0 too mu* = !m4 ,x 0 too ludicr\s = belief4 ,"s mock$3 b o!rs said1 ,we w he> !e aga9 ( ?is matt]1 & ?us end$ ,/4 ,paul's address1 & ?us end$ too ! ,a!nian opportunity1 = ,/4 ,paul soon pass$ away f su* a society ( le>n$ trifl]s & sc(f]s4 ,!y sat 9 ! seat ( ! scorn]1 & ! seat ( ! scorn] is nev] a good "o = a le>n] to occupy :o wi%es to pr(it4 ,he felt t he _h no great "w to d 9 su* a place4 ,8 opportunity lay :]e he>ts 7 brok5 ) s9 & sorr[1 :]e ! burd5 ( life weigh$ ^u ! s\l1 & m5 heavy lad5 & sore press$ 7 long+ = real deliv]ance & = a high]1 nobl] life ?an ! _w c\ld (f]4 ,8 "w1 h[ev]1 0 n all 9 va91 nor 7 8 p]sonal discussions & 8 public address devoid ( results4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,a!ns 0 "o ( ^? :i* c\ld look back to ,/4 ,paul z its f\nd]4 ,n _m wise aft] ! fle% 7 call$ 9 t city ( wisdom & beauty1 b "s 7 call$1 among :om 0 "o ( ^? v judges :o sat to inve/igate ! ,apo/le's tea*+3 ,b c]ta9 clave unto him1 & believ$3 among :om also 0 ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 & a woman nam$ ,dam>is1 & o!rs ) !m4 ,& ?is ,*ur* ?us f\nd$ became fam\s2 ,dionysius ! ,areopagite became aft]w>ds a celebrat$ man1 because 8 "n 0 atta*$ "s five c5turies lat] to a notori\s =g]y :i* has play$ no small "p 9 lat] ,*ri/ian hi/ory4#agd ,dionysius 0 ! fir/ bi%op ( ! ,a!nian ,*ur* accord+ to ! te/imony ( ano!r ,dionysius1 ,bi%op ( ,cor9?1 :o liv$ 9 ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 :ile p]sons 7 yet liv+ :o c\ld rememb] ! ,areopagite4 ,he 0 succe$$ by ,publius1 :o presid$ ov] ! ,*ur* at an important p]iod ( its exi/5ce4 ,! ,emp]or ,hadrian came to ,a!ns1 & 0 *>m$ ) x ab\t ! ye> #abe a4d4 ,at t "t ! ,a!nian ,*ur* mu/ h includ$ among its memb]s sev]al le>n$ m52 = ! two e>lie/ ,apologies 9 def5ce ( ,*ri/ianity 7 produc$ by x4 ,! ,a!nian ,*ur* _h j !n be5 purifi$ by ! fi]y trials ( p]secution4 ,quadratus & ,ari/ides /ood =? to plead its cause be=e ! ,emp]or4#age ,( ,quadratus & 8 "w we "k b little4 ,eusebius1 ! great ,*ur* hi/orian1 _h1 h[ev]1 se5 x1 & gives u 7,h4 ,e41 iv4 #c7 a brief ab/ract ( x1 appeal+ to ! miracles ( our ,savi\r1 & /at+ t "s ( ! dead :om ,*ri/ _h rais$ _h liv$ to 8 own "t4 ,:ile z = ,ari/ides1 ! o!r apologi/1 8 "w1 aft] ly+ hidd5 f ! sight ( ,*ri/5dom1 0 pr9t$ & publi%$ la/ ye>1 z we h told 9 ! =m] volume ( ?is comm5t>y4 ,t ,apology ( ,ari/ides has mu* important tea*+ = u1 z we h !re tri$ to %[4 ,!re is "o po9t1 h[ev]1 to :i* we did n allude4 ,! ,apology ( ,ari/ides %[s u t ! ,a!nian ,*ur* accept$ 9 ! fulle/ degree & pres]v$ ! great ,paul9e doctr9e ( ! fre$om & ca?olic nature ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! ye> #abe ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity 7 /ill /ruggl+ toge!r )9 ! ,*ur* 9 o!r places2 b at ,a!ns !y _h clean sep>at$ ! "o f ! o!r4 ,till t ye> no "o b a circumcis$ ,jewi% ,*ri/ian _h ev] presid$ ov] ! ,"m ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 :i* sixty ye>s aft] ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul pres]v$ exactly ! same attitude z 9 ! days ( ,james ! ,j4#agf ,! ,*ur* ( ,a!ns1 on ! o!r h&1 z a ?or\ghly ,g5tile ,*ur*1 _h f ! fir/ enjoy$ ! m9i/ry ( ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 a ,g5tile ( culture & education4 ,he _h be5 attract$ by ! broad lib]al tea*+ ( ! ,apo/le 9 8 address ^u ,m>s' ,hill1 enunciat+ a religion free f all n>r[ national limitations4 ,he embrac$ ?is ca?olic tea*+ ) 8 :ole he>t1 & transmitt$ x to 8 successors1 s t :5 "s sev5ty ye>s lat] a le>n$ ,a!nian /ood =? 9 ! p]son ( ,ari/ides1 to expla9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*1 contra/+ !m ) ! errors & mi/akes ( all o!r nations1 ,ari/ides does n sp>e ev5 ! ,jews4 ,he praises !m inde$ :5 comp>$ ) ! pagans1 :o _h err$ on ! prim>y que/ions ( morals2 b he blames !m because !y _h n rea*$ ! f9al & absolute position occupi$ by ! ,*ri/ians4 ,li/5 to ! words ( ,ari/ides :i* proclaim ! true ,paul9e doctr9e taught 9 ,/4 ,paul's s]mons1 re-e*o$ by ! ,epi/les1 ,nev]!less ! ,jews too h gone a/ray f accurate k1 & !y suppose 9 _! m9ds t !y are s]v+ ,god1 b 9 ! me?ods ( _! s]vice1 _! s]vice is to angels & n to ,god1 9 t !y obs]ve ,sabba?s & new moons1 & ! passov]1 & ! great fa/1 & ! fa/ & circumcision1 & cleanness ( meats1 words :i* s\nd exactly ! same note & embody ! same conception z ,/4 ,paul 9 8 indignant language to ! ,galatians 7iv4 #i-aa73 ,n[ t ye h come to "k ,god1 or r to be kn[n ( ,god1 h[ turn ye back aga9 to ! weak & begg>ly elem5ts1 :]eunto ye desire to be 9 bondage ov] aga98 ,ye obs]ve days1 & mon?s1 & seasons1 & ye>s4 ,i am afraid ( y1 le/ by any means ,i h be/[$ lab\r ^u y 9 va94#agg #agd ,few biblical *>act]s h be5 s surr\nd$ ) a haze ( fable z ,dionysius ! ,areopagite4 ,all t we c]ta9ly "k ab\t him is f ?is passage 9 ! ,acts1 & f two notices by ,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e41 iii4 #d1 & iv4 #bc4 ,9 ! ,acta ,sanctorum ! ,boll&i/s be/[ an imm5se quantity ( space on ,dionysius & ! lit]ature ( ! subject "u ! date ,oct4 #i?1 9 _! ,f\r? ,volume = ,octob]1 pp4 #fif-ihg4 ,! "n ( ,dionysius became specially celebrat$ :5 ab\t ! ye> #ejj x 0 atta*$ to an impud5t =g]y call$ ! ,heav5ly ,hi]>*y1 f :i* has be5 l>gely d]iv$ ! mod]n ,roman doctr9e ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & :i* has also ex]cis$ a great influ5ce on ! developm5t ( mod]n pan!ism3 see ! article on ,dionysius 9 vol4 i4 ( ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog4 ,johannes ,scotus ,erig5a1 an ,iri% s*ol> ( ! n9? c5tury1 0 ! only man 9 ,france f\nd capable ( translat+ ^! ,greek works :5 br\ght to ,we/]n ,europe f ! ,ea/3 see ,vett4 ,epi/t4 ,hib]nic4 ,sylloge1 xxii41 xxiii41 xxiv41 9 ,us%]'s ,works 7,ed4 ,elr+ton71 iv4 #dgd-hg4 ,dionysius is commemorat$ on ,oct4 #crd 9 ! anci5t ,lat9 ,m>tyrologies1 on ,oct4 #i? 9 ! mod]n ,roman ,m>tyrology4 ,! anci5t ,m>tyrologies--! anci5t ,roman1 ,ado's1 ,usaurd's--h a curi\s notice /at+ t ,ari/ides ! ,a!nian1 9 a "w :i* he wrote ab\t ! ,*ri/ian religion1 describ$ ! m>tyrdom ( ,dionysius 9 ! reign ( ,hadrian4 ,!re is no notice ( ?is 9 ! ,apology ( ,ari/ides :i* has lately come to light4 ,a curi\s /ory is told 9 "o ( 8 alleg$ lett]s1 address$ to ,polyc>p4 ,apollophanes1 a pagan sophi/1 0 attack+ ,polyc>p ab\t ,*ri/ianity4 ,dionysius tells ,polyc>p to rem9d 8 oppon5t ( ! miracul\s d>kness on ! day ( ,crucifixion :i* ,dionysius & ,apollophanes _h se5 at ,hi]apolis1 :]e !y 7 !n bo? /ud5ts1 :5 ,dionysius said1 ,ei!r ! ,god ( nature suff]s1 or ! _w is 9 process ( dissolution4 #age ,! visits ( ! ,emp]or ,hadrian to ,a!ns1 & 8 delight 9 t city1 h be5 confirm$ by ! late/ antiqu>ian inve/igations 9 ! region ( co9s & inscriptions4 ,! /ud5t :o wi%es to make acqua9tance ) ! evid5ce on ?is po9t1 :i* has an important be>+ ^u ! hi/oric pro( ( our holy religion1 %\ld consult ! le>n$ treatise ( ,julius ,drr1 /yl$1 ,die ,reis5 d] ,kais]s ,hadrian1 7,vi5na1 #ahha74 ,x m9utely inve/igates ! records ( ,hadrian's life1 & %[s u t ,hadrian visit$ & liv$ at ,a!ns 9 ,a4,d4 #abe4 ,?is "w 0 publi%$ t5 ye>s be=e ! ,apology ( ! ,a!nian ,*ri/ian ,ari/ides 0 discov]$1 s]v+ to illu/rate its hi/ory f an indep5d5t po9t ( view4 ,i h endeav\r$ to set =? ! be>+ ( ?is po9t at great] l5g? ?an ,i c n[ be/[ ^u x 9 a s]ies ( pap]s on ! ,apology ( ,ari/ides 9 ! ,sunday at ,home = #ahia-b4 ,mrs4 ,r5dal ,h>ris1 ! wife ( ! discov]] ( x1 has publi%$ an int]e/+ "w on ?is ,apology1 to :i* ,i w\ld ref] ! read] 7,london3 ,hodd] ,/\ghton1 #ahib74 ,! ,apology itself 0 publi%$ 9 #ahia1 9 ! s]ies call$ ,cambridge ,texts & ,/udies4 #agf ,! te/imony ( ,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e41 iv4 #e1 is express on ?is po9t3 ,d[n to ! siege ( ! ,jews "u ,hadrian !re 7 fifte5 bi%ops 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 all ( :om1 z !y say1 7 ,hebrews f ! fir/1 & receiv$ ! g5u9e k ( ,*ri/1 s t 9 ! e/imation ( ^? able to judge !y 7 c\nt$ wor?y ( ! episcopal (fice4 #agg ,! :ole subject ( ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! primitive ,*ur* ( ,a!ns has be5 m9utely inve/igat$ by a mod]n ,fr5* s*ol>1 ,c4 ,bayet1 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* s*ool ( antiqu>ies at ,a!ns4 ,! title ( 8 book1 to :i* ,i h already ref]r$1 is ,de ,titulis ,attic ,*ri/ianis ,antiquissimis ,comm5tatio 7,?or93 ,p>is1 #ahgh74 ,he gives a l>ge numb] ( primitive ,*ri/ian & ,jewi% inscriptions f\nd at ,a!ns4 ,! above quotation f ,ari/ides w be f\nd 9 ,r5dal ,h>ris's edition1 p4 #dh1 9 ! ,cambridge ,texts & ,/udies4 ,/4 ,paul did n /ay long at ,a!ns4 ,five or six weeks p]haps1 two mon?s at mo/1 0 probably ! l5g? ( 8 visit1 "t en\gh j = 8 ,b]an guides to g back to _! own city two hundr$ miles away1 & =w>d _! message to ,!ssalonica fifty miles di/ant1 desir+ ,timo?y & ,silas to come to him4 ,timo?y1 d\btless1 soon />t$ ^u 8 way1 t>ri$ ) ! ,apo/le = a little1 & !n return$ to ,!ssalonica1 z we le>n f #a ,!ss4 iii4 #a3 ,:5 we c\ld no long] =be>1 we ?\ght x good to be left at ,a!ns alone1 & s5t ,timo?y to e/abli% y & com=t y4 ,& n[ he 0 aga9 all alone 9 t sc(f+ city :]e nei!r ! religi\s1 moral1 nor intellectual atmosph]e c\ld h be5 pleas+ to a man l ,/4 ,paul4 ,he quitt$ ,a!ns !re=e & came to ,cor9?4 ,9 t city he lab\r$ = a p]iod ( a ye> & a half at lea/2 & yet ! record ( 8 brief visit to ,a!ns1 unsuccessful z x 0 s f> z imm$iate results are conc]n$1 is mu* long] ?an ! record ( 8 prolong$ "w 9 ,cor9?4 ,n[ if we 7 writ+ a life ( ,/4 ,paul in/ead ( a comm5t>y on ! hi/ory told u 9 ! ,acts1 we %\ld be able to supplem5t ! brief n>rative ( ! hi/orical book ) ! ample details conta9$ 9 ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul1 especially ! two ,epi/les writt5 to ,cor9? itself1 :i* illu/rate ! life ( ! ,apo/le1 8 "w at ,cor9?1 & ! /ate ( ! ,cor9?ians !mselves prior & subsequ5t to _! conv]sion4 ,a consid]ation ( ^! po9ts w\ld1 h[ev]1 lead me to intrude on ! sph]e ( ! comm5tator on ! ,cor9?ian ,epi/les1 & dem& an am\nt ( space :i* we _c af=d4 ,9 addition1 ! ?ree great biographies ( ,/4 ,paul to :i* we h s (t5 ref]r$--,lew9's1 ,f>r>'s1 & t ( ,conybe>e & ,h[son--treat ?is subject at su* great l5g? & ) su* a pr(usion ( ar*ological le>n+ z practically leave a fre% writ] no?+ new to say 9 ?is direction4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 look briefly at ! record 9 ! ,acts ( ,/4 ,paul's "w 9 ,cor9?1 view+ x f ! expositor's po9t ( view4 ,/4 ,paul w5t f ,a!ns to ,cor9? disc\rag$1 x may h be51 by ! results ( 8 ,a!nian lab\rs4 ,opposition nev] fright5$ ,/4 ,paul2 b le>n$ c>elessness1 haughty contemptu\s indiff]5ce to 8 ,div9e message1 ! outcome ( a _s devoid ( any true spiritual life1 qu5*$ 8 ard\r1 *ill$ 8 en?usiasm4 ,he mu/ inde$ h be5 sorely repell$ by ,a!ns :5 he set out all alone = ! great capital ( ,a*aia1 ! wick$1 immoral1 debas$ city ( ,cor9?4 ,:5 he came ?i!r he unit$ himself ) ,aquila1 a ,jew ( ,pontus1 & ,priscilla 8 wife1 because !y 7 memb]s ( ! same craft4 ,!y _h be5 lately expell$ f ,rome1 &1 l ! ,apo/le1 7 t5tmak]s3 = conv5i5ce' sake !re=e1 & to save exp5se1 !y all lodg$ toge!r4#agh ,"h aga9 ,/4 ,paul exp]i5c$ ! wisdom ( 8 fa!r's tra9+ & ( ! ,rabb9ical law1 :i* ?us made him 9 ,cor9?1 z be=e 9 ,!ssalonica1 ?or\ghly indep5d5t ( all ext]nal circum/ances1 & able ) 8 own h&s to m9i/] to 8 body's wants4 ,& x 0 a =tunate ?+ too = ! gospel's sake t he 0 able to d s4 ,/4 ,paul nev] p]mits any "o to ?9k = a mom5t t ! claim ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry = a fitt+ support is a d\btful "o4 ,he expressly tea*es aga9 & aga91 z 9 #a ,cor4 ix41 t x is ! ,scriptural z well z rational duty ( ! p to contribute accord+ to _! means to ! ma9t5ance ( ,*ri/'s public m9i/ry4 ,b !re 7 c]ta9 circum/ances at ,!ssalonica1 & above all at ,cor9?1 :i* made ,/4 ,paul waive 8 j claim & ev5 cramp1 limit1 & conf9e 8 ex]tions1 by impos+ on himself ! "w ( e>n+ 8 daily food4 ,!ssalonica & ,cor9? _h imm5se ,jewi% populations4 ,! ,jews 7 notori\s 9 t age z furni%+ ! greate/ numb] ( impo/ors1 quack magicians & e o!r k9d ( ag5cy :i* trad$ ^u human cr$ulity = ! purposes ( ga94 ,/4 ,paul 0 det]m9$ t nei!r ,jew nor ,g5tile 9 ei!r place %\ld be able to h9d] ! "w ( ! gospel by accus+ him ( self-seek+ or covet\s purposes4 ,= ?is purpose he unit$ ) ,aquila & ,priscilla 9 work+ at _! common trade z t5tmak]s1 employ+ ! ,sabba? days 9 debat+ aft] 8 usual fa%ion 9 ! ,jewi% synagogues2 & ^u ord9>y days improv+ ! h\rs dur+ :i* 8 h&s lab\r$ ^u ! co>se hair clo? ( :i* t5ts 7 made1 ei!r 9 exp\nd+ to 8 fell[-workm5 ! glori\s news :i* he proclaim$ or else 9 m$itat+ ^u ! trials ( 8 conv]ts 9 ,mac$onia1 or p]haps1 mo/ ( all1 9 t p]petual communion ) ,god1 t nev]-ceas+ int]cession = :i* he ev] f\nd room & "t 9 ! secret *amb]s ( ! s\l4 ,/4 ,paul's int]cessions z we read ( !m 9 8 ,epi/les 7 imm5se4 ,int]cessory pray]s = 8 individual conv]ts are frequ5tly m5tion$ by him4 ,x w\ld h be5 impossible = a man s h>d press$ ) lab\rs ( e k9d temporal & spiritual to f9d place = !m all 9 =mal pray]s if ,/4 ,paul did n cultivate ! habit ( ceaseless communion ) 8 ,fa!r 9 heav51 p]petually br++ be=e ,god ^? cases & p]sons :i* lay de>e/ to 8 he>t4 ,?is habit ( secret pray] mu/ be ! explanation ( ,/4 ,paul's widespread int]cessions1 & = ?is reason4 ,he comm5ds ! same practice aga9 & aga9 to 8 conv]ts4 ,pray )\t ceas+ is 8 language to ! ,!ssalonians 7#a ,!ss4 v4 #ag74 ,n[ ?is c\ld n mean1 prolong y\r private devotions to an inord9ate l5g?1 because great numb]s ( 8 conv]ts 7 slaves :o 7 n ma/]s ( _! "t4 ,b x does mean cultivate a p]petual s5se ( ,god's pres5ce & ( y\r own communion ) ,him1 :i* w turn life & its busie/ "w into a season ( refre%+ pray] & untir+ int]cession4 #agh ,?is expulsion ( ! ,jews f ,rome by ,claudius1 :i* 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god br\ght ,aquila & ,priscilla into contact ) ,/4 ,paul1 is m5tion$ by ! ,roman hi/orian ,suetonius1 ,claudius1 #be1 9 ! foll[+ sugge/ive words3 ,he expell$ ! ,jews :o 7 cont9ually creat+ tumults1 ,*e/us impell+ !m4 ,! tumults r\s$ by ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 l ^? 9 ! ,!ssalonian & ,b]an synagogues1 7 evid5tly ! orig9 ( ! edict4 ,aquila & ,priscilla 7 con/ant travell]s1 & seem to h be5 influ5tial ,*ri/ians4 ,we f9d !m aft]w>ds at ,ephesus1 :]e !y t>ri$ "s "t3 see ,acts xviii4 #ah1 #ai1 #bf2 #a ,cor4 xvi4 #ai2 & subsequ5tly #b ,tim4 iv4 #ai4 ,!y also liv$ at ,rome = a p]iod betwe5 _! two resid5ces at ,ephesus1 z we le>n f ! fact t ,/4 ,paul s5ds a salutation to !m 9 ,romans xvi4 #c1 #d4 ,mean:ile1 accord+ to ,acts xviii4 #e1 ,silas & ,timo?y arriv$ f ,mac$onia1 br++ contributions = ! ,apo/le's support1 :i* enabl$ him to fl+ himself entirely into m9i/]ial & evangeli/ic "w4 ,?is r5ew$ activity soon told4 ,/4 ,paul _h no long] to compla9 ( contemptu\s or li/less conduct1 z at ,a!ns4 ,he exp]i5c$ at ,jewi% h&s 9 ,cor9? exactly ! same treatm5t z at ,!ssalonica & ,b]a4 ,paul prea*$ t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/4 ,! ,jews blasphem$ ,him1 & call$ ,him accurs$4 ,_! attitude became s ?reat5+ t ,paul 0 at l5g? compell$ to retire f ! synagogue1 &1 sep>at+ 8 disciples1 ,jews & ,g5tiles alike1 he )drew to ! h\se ( "o ,ju/us1 a man ^: ,lat9 "n bespeaks 8 ,we/]n orig91 :o liv$ next door to ! synagogue4 ,!nce=? he ?rew himself ) all 8 en]gy into 8 "w4 ,god too directly enc\rag$ him4 ,! v proximity ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to ! ,jewi% ,synagogue con/itut$ a special dang] to himself p]sonally :5 he _h to deal ) fanatical ,jews4 ,a heav5ly visitor appe>$1 !re=e1 to refre% ! we>i$ sa9t4 ,9 8 h\r ( dang] & ( weakness ,god's /r5g? & grace 7 p]fect$1 & assurance 0 grant$ t ! ,"l _h mu* p 9 ! city ( ,cor9?1 & t no h>m %\ld happ5 to him :ile /riv+ to seek out & ga!r ,god's %eep t 7 scatt]$ abroad 9 ! mid/ ( ! naughty _w ( ,cor9?ian life4 ,& ! secret vision did n /& alone4 ,ext]nal circum/ances l5t _! assi/ance & support4 ,crispus1 ! *ief rul] ( ! synagogue1 & 8 family became conv]ts1 & 7 baptiz$4 ,gaius & ,/ephanas 7 important conv]ts ga!r$ f among/ ! ,g5tiles2 s important inde$ 7 ^! ?ree individuals & _! families t ,/4 ,paul turn$ aside f 8 purely evangeli/ic & mission>y lab\rs & devot$ himself to ! pa/oral "w ( prep>+ !m = baptism adm9i/]+ p]sonally t holy sacram5t1 a duty :i* he usually left to 8 assi/ants1 :o 7 n s well qualifi$ = ! r\gh pione] ef=ts ( controv]sy1 :i* he _h m>k$ out = himself4#agi ,& s ! "w w5t on = a ye> & a half1 till ! ,jews ?\ght !y saw _! opportunity = cru%+ ! audaci\s apo/ate :o 0 ?us mak+ havoc ev5 among ! (ficials ( _! own organisation1 induc+ !m to jo9 8 ,naz>5e synagogue4#ahj ,a*aia1 ( :i* ,cor9? 0 ! capital1 0 a ,roman prov9ce1 embrac+1 broadly speak+1 ! t]ritory compris$ 9 ! mod]n k+dom ( ,greece4 ,l a great _m o!r prov9ces1 & specially l ,cyprus1 to :i* we h already call$ att5tion1 ,a*aia 0 at times an imp]ial1 at times a s5atorial prov9ce4 ,=ty ye>s e>li] x 0 an imp]ial prov9ce4 ,! ,acts describes x z j !n1 t is1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #ec1 a s5atorial or proconsul> prov9ce2 & ,suetonius1 an indep5d5t ,roman hi/orian1 confirms ?is1 tell+ u 7,claud41 #be7 t ! ,emp]or ,claudius re/or$ x to ! s5ate4 #agi ,see #a ,cor4 i4 #ad-ag3 ,i ?ank ,god t ,i baptiz$ none ( y1 save ,crispus & ,gaius2 le/ any man %\ld say t ye 7 baptiz$ into my "n4 ,& ,i baptiz$ also ! h\sehold ( ,/ephanas3 besides1 ,i "k n :e!r ,i baptiz$ any o!r4 ,= ,*ri/ s5t me n to baptize1 b to prea* ! gospel4 ,i h (t5 he>d a v wrong conclusion drawn f ?is passage4 ,p ?9k t ,/4 ,paul 0 "h ca/+ a c]ta9 slight ^u baptism z contra/$ ) prea*+4 ,8 mean+1 h[ev]1 is evid5t to any "o :o w realise ! circum/ances4 ,! ,cor9?ians 7 break+ up into sects1 call+ !mselves by ! names ( v>i\s ,*ri/ian lead]s4 ,/4 ,paul ?anks ,god t v few c call !mselves by 8 "n1 z !y _h n ev5 ! poor excuse = do+ s1 :i* 8 (ficiat+ at _! baptism might give4 ,to him1 9 ,god's provid5ce1 _h be5 assign$ ! r\gh1 dang]\s pione] "w ( prea*+ to ! adv]s>ies1 ,jews & pagans1 outside ! ,*ur*2 to o!rs ! "w ( introduc+ ! conv]ts made by him into ! ,my/ical ,body ( ,*ri/4 #ahj ,9 vol4 i41 p4 #bgj1 ,i h po9t$ out t 9 ,cor9? ! ,*ri/ians probably adopt$1 n only ! "n1 b ! organisation ( ! synagogues4 ,gallio1 a bro!r ( ! celebrat$ philosophic writ] ,s5eca1 _h be5 s5t to x z proconsul1 & ! ,jews ?\ght !y n[ saw _! opportunity4 ,gallio1 ^: orig9al & prop] "n 0 ,annu ,novatus1 0 a man di/+ui%$ by :at 9 ,rome 0 consid]$ 8 sweet1 g5tle1 & lov+ disposition4 ,8 reputation may h prec$$ him1 & ! ,jews ( ,cor9? may h ?\ght t !y w\ld play ^u 8 easy-go+ temp]4 ,! ,jews1 be+ a v num]\s community at ,cor9?1 _h x ( c\rse 9 _! p[] to prove v unpleasant to any rul]1 & specially to "o ( ,gallio's reput$ temp]4#aha ,! ,roman gov]nors 7 inve/$ ) trem5d\s p[]s2 !y 7 absolute despots1 9 fact1 = ! "t be+1 & yet !y 7 (t5 v anxi\s to ga9 popul>ity1 especially ) any tr\blesome body ( _! tempor>y subjects4 ,! ,roman proconsuls1 9 fact1 adopt$ a pr9ciple we sometimes see /ill act$ out 9 political life1 z if x 7 ! highe/ type ( /atesman%ip4 ,!y 7 anxi\s to ga9 popul>ity by gratify+ ^? :o made !mselves specially obnoxi\s & rais$ ! l\de/ cries4 ,!y pett$ ! naughty1 & !y neglect$ ! good4 ,s x 0 ) ,pontius ,pilate1 :o p]petrat$ a judicial murd] because x cont5t$ ! multitude2 s x 0 ) ,fe/us1 :o left an innoc5t man 9 bonds at ,cs>ea because he desir$ to ga9 fav\r ) ! ,jews2 & s too1 ?\ght ! ,jews ( ,cor9?1 x w\ld be ) ,gallio4 ,!y arre/$ ! ,apo/le1 !re=e1 us+ ! mess5g]s ( ! synagogue = ! purpose1 & br\ght him to ! proconsul> c\rt1 :]e !y set him be=e ! bema1 or elevat$ plat=m1 :5ce ! ,roman magi/rates disp5s$ ju/ice4 ,!n !y laid _! =mal accusation aga9/ him3 ,?is man p]suade? m5 to wor%ip ,god contr>y to ! law2 expect+ p]haps t he w\ld be remitt$ by ! proconsul to ! judgm5t & discipl9e ( _! own dome/ic tribunal1 ev5 z ,pilate said to ! ,jews ab\t our ,"l & _! accusation aga9/ ,him3 ,take ye ,him1 & judge ,him accord+ to y\r law4 ,b ! philosophic bro!r ( ! ,/oic ,s5eca _h a pr(\nd contempt = ^! agitat+ ,jews4 ,8 ,/oic education too _h tra9$ him to all[ ext]nal ?+s z little influ5ce ^u ! m9d z possible4 ,! philosophic apa?y :i* ! ,/oics cultivat$ mu/ h m or less affect$ 8 :ole nature1 z he soon %[$ ! ,jews2 = be=e ! ,apo/le _h "t to reply to ! *>ge ,gallio bur/ 9 contemptu\sly4 ,if x 7 a matt] ( law & ord]1 he decl>es1 x w\ld be "r to att5d to x2 b if y\r compla9t is t\*+ y\r own national law & cu/oms ,i w h no?+ to say to x4 ,& !n he comm&$ 8 lictors to cle> ! c\rt4 ,?us end$ ! attempt on ,/4 ,paul's fre$om or life1 an attempt :i* 0 inde$ m disa/r\s to ! ,jews !mselves ?an to any "o else2 = ! ,g5tile mob ( ,cor9?1 hat+ ! ,jews1 & glad to see !m baulk$ ( _! expect$ prey1 seiz$ ! *ief accus] ,so/h5es1 ! rul] ( ! synagogue1 & beat him be=e ! judgm5t-seat2 :ile ,gallio all ! :ile c>$ = none ( ^! ?+s1 despis+ ! mob1 ,jew & ,g5tile alike1 & contemptu\sly pity+ !m f ! height ( 8 philosophic self-cont5tm5t4 ,gallio has be5 at all times reg>d$ z ! type ( ! m]e worldl+1 :o1 wrapp$ 9 mat]ial int]e/s1 c>es = no?+ high] or nobl]4 ,b ?is is sc>cely fair to ,gallio4 ,! ,/oic philosoph] 0 n dead to bett] ?+s4 ,b he is ! type r ( m5 :o1 bl9d$ by l[] tru?s & m]e intellectual wisdom1 are !reby r5d]$ c>eless ( ^? spiritual matt]s 9 :i* ! s\l's true life alone consi/s4 ,he _h s ?or\ghly cultivat$ a philosophic contempt = ! outside _w & its bus9ess1 ! say+s & do+s1 ! joys & ! sorr[s ( ! puny mortals :o fume & /rut & fret _! lives away ^u ?is e>?ly /age1 t he lo/ ! opportunity ( he>+ f ! ,apo/le's lips ( a gr&] philosophy1 a deep] cont5tm5t1 ( a tru]1 m satisfy+ peace ?an 0 ev] dreamt ( 9 /oical speculation4 ,& ?is type ( man is n ext9ct4 ,philosophy1 sci5ce1 art1 lit]ature1 politics1 !y are all great facts1 all (f] va/ fields = human activity1 & all may s]ve = a "t s ?or\ghly to cont5t & satisfy man's inn] be+ z to r5d] him c>eless ( t life 9 ,*ri/ :i* alone abide? = ev]more4 #aha ,cic]o1 9 8 oration ,pro ,flacco1 *4 xxviii41 %[s h[ tr\blesome & dang]\s1 ev5 to ! v highe/ p]sons1 ! ,jews at ,rome c\ld be "o hundr$ ye>s e>li] ?an ,gallio's day4 ,! attempt ( ! ,jews m>k$ ! t]m9ation ( ,/4 ,paul's "w 9 ,cor9?4 ,x 0 at lea/ ! beg9n+ ( ! end4 ,he _h n[ lab\r$ long] 9 ,cor9? ?an any:]e else s9ce he />t$ out f ,antio*4 ,he _h organis$ & consolidat$ ! ,*ur*1 z we c see f 8 ,cor9?ian ,epi/les & n[ he long$ once m to visit 8 old fri5ds1 & report :at ,god _h wr\ght by 8 means dur+ 8 long abs5ce4 ,he t>ri$1 !re=e1 yet a :ile1 visit+ d\btless ! v>i\s ,*ur*es :i* he _h e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t all ! prov9ce ( ,a*aia1 & !n1 accompani$ by a few companions1 set sail = ,syria1 to decl>e ! results ( 8 ev5tful mission1 tak+ ,ephesus on 8 way4 ,?is 0 8 fir/ visit to t great city1 & he 0 probably l$ to pay x ow+ to ! comm]cial necessities ( ,aquila4 ,life's actions & de$s1 ev5 9 ! case ( an apo/le1 are m\ld$ by v little ?+s4 ,a glance1 a *ance ^w1 a pass+ c\rtesy1 =gott5 z soon z done1 & life is v diff]5t f :at x o!rwise w\ld h be54 ,& s1 too1 ! t5t-mak+ & t5t-sell+ ( ,aquila br\ght ,paul to ,ephesus1 %ap$ ! rema9d] ( 8 c>e]1 & end[$ ! ,*ur* ) ! ri* spiritual h]itage ( ! tea*+ imp>t$ to ! ,ephesian disciples by ^w & epi/le4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,ephesian ,,*ur* ,,& ,,its ,,f\ndation4 ,paul1 & ) him ,priscilla & ,aquila1 came to ,ephesus1 & he left !m "h3 b he himself ent]$ into ! synagogue1 & reason$ ) ! ,jews4 ,& :5 !y ask$ him to abide a long] "t1 he cons5t$ n2 b tak+ 8 leave ( !m1 & say+1 ,i w return aga9 unto y1 if ,god w1 he set sail f ,ephesus4444 ,n[ a c]ta9 man nam$ ,apollos1 an ,alex&rian by race1 a le>n$ man1 came to ,ephesus2 & he 0 mighty 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,?is man _h be5 in/ruct$ 9 ! way ( ! ,"l2 & be+ f]v5t 9 _s1 he spake & taught c>efully ! ?+s conc]n+ ,jesus1 kn[+ only ! baptism ( ,john3 & he began to speak boldly 9 ! synagogue4 ,b :5 ,priscilla & ,aquila he>d him1 !y took him unto !m1 & exp\nd$ unto him ! way ( ,god m c>efully4--,,acts xviii4 #ai-ba1 #bd-bf4 ,& x came to pass1 t1 :ile ,apollos 0 at ,cor9?1 ,paul hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ! upp] c\ntry1 came to ,ephesus4--,,acts xix4 #a4 ,ephesus has be5 f v anci5t times a di/+ui%$ city4 ,x 0 fam\s 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ,asia ,m9or 9 times long prior to ! ,*ri/ian ,era4 ,x 0 celebrat$ at ! "t ( ! ,roman ,empire z ! *ief seat ( ! wor%ip ( ,diana & ( ! magical practices associat$ ) t wor%ip2 & ,ephesus became m celebrat$ /ill 9 ,*ri/ian times z ! city :]e "o ( ! great cum5ical ,c\ncils 0 held :i* s]v$ to det]m9e ! expression ( ! ,*ur*'s fai? 9 h] ,div9e ,"l & ,ma/]4 ,x mu/ !n be ( great int]e/ to ! ,*ri/ian /ud5t to note ! fir/ beg9n+s ( su* a va/ trans=mation z t :]eby a *ief seat ( pagan idolatry 0 turn$ into a special /ronghold ( ,*ri/ian or?odoxy4 ,let u !n devote ?is *apt] to trac+ ! upgr[? ( ! ,ephesian ,*ur*1 & to not+ ! lessons ! mod]n ,*ur* may d]ive !refrom4 ,/4 ,paul t]m9at$ 8 "w 9 ,cor9? "s "t ab\t ! middle or t[>ds ! close ( ! ye> #ec ,a4,d4 ,9 ! e>ly summ] ( t ye> ,gallio came z proconsul to ,a*aia1 & ! ,jewi% riot 0 rais$4 ,aft] a due int]val1 to %[ t he 0 n driv5 out by ,jewi% ma*9ations1 ,/4 ,paul det]m9$ to return once m to ,j]usalem & ,antio*1 :i* he _h left "s f\r ye>s at lea/ be=e4 ,he w5t d[n !re=e to ,c5*re1 ! port ( dep>ture = pass5g]s go+ f ,cor9? to ,ephesus1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,syria4 ,a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* _h be5 e/abli%$ !re by ! ex]tions ( ,/4 ,paul or "s ( 8 ,cor9?ian disciples4 ,z soon z an e>ly ,*ri/ian 0 turn$ f s9 to righte\sness1 f ! adoration ( idols to ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god1 he began to try & d some?+ = ,him ^: love & grace he _h exp]i5c$4 ,x 0 no wond] t ! ,*ur* !n spread rapidly :5 all its individual memb]s 7 in/9ct ) life1 & e "o consid]$ himself p]sonally responsible to lab\r dilig5tly = ,god4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,c5*re 0 elaborately organis$4 ,x _h n only its deacons1 x _h also its deaconesses1 "o ( :om1 ,phbe1 0 specially k9d & useful to ,/4 ,paul ^u 8 visits to t busy seaport1 & is by him comm5d$ to ! help & c>e ( ! ,roman ,*ur* 7,rom4 xvi4 #a1 #b74 ,f ,c5*re ,/4 ,paul1 ,aquila1 & ,priscilla sail$ = ,ephesus1 :]e1 z we h already h9t$1 x is mo/ likely ! latt] pair _h "s special bus9ess avocations :i* l$ !m to /ay at t city4 ,!y may h be5 l>ge manufactur]s ( t5ts1 & h _h a bran* e/abli%m5t at ,ephesus1 :i* 0 !n a great m]cantile emporium = t "p ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,an incid5tal rem>k ( ! sacr$ writ] hav+ %orn 8 head 9 ,c5*re1 = he _h a v[1 has rais$ a controv]t$ "q4 ,"s ref] ?is expression to ,aquila1 & ,i ?9k ) mu* ! great] probability4 ,x 0 cu/om>y ) ! ,jews at t "t :5 9 any special dang] to take a tempor>y ,naz>ite v[1 b9d+ !mselves to ab/a9 f w9e & f cutt+ _! hair till a c]ta9 def9ite p]iod _h elaps$4 ,!n :5 ! fix$ date _h arriv$1 ! hair 0 cut (f & pres]v$ till x c\ld be burn$ 9 ! fire ( a sacrifice (f]$ up at ,j]usalem ^u ! individual's next visit to ! ,holy ,city4 ,! grammatical ord] ( ! words naturally ref] to ,aquila z ! mak] ( ?is v[2 b ,i _c agree 9 "o reason urg$ = ?is latt] !ory4 ,"s h argu$ t x 0 impossible = ,paul to h made ?is v[2 t x w\ld1 9 fact1 h be5 a return to ! bondage ( ,judaism1 :i* w\ld h be5 utt]ly inconsi/5t on 8 "p4 ,p :o argue ?us d n und]/& ,/4 ,paul's position ) respect to ,jewi% rites z be+ ?+s utt]ly unimportant1 &1 z su*1 ?+s :i* a wise born ,jew w\ld d well to obs]ve 9 ord] to please 8 c\ntrym54 ,if ,/4 ,paul made a v[ at ,cor9? x w\ld h be5 simply an illu/ration ( 8 own pr9ciple1 ,to ! ,jews ,i became z a ,jew1 9 ord] t ,i might ga9 ! ,jews4 ,b fur!r1 ,i mu/ say t ! tak+ ( a v[1 ?\gh d]iv$ f ,judaism1 ne$ n h necess>ily appe>$ to ,/4 ,paul & ! m5 ( 8 "t a purely ,jewi% c]emony4 ,v[s1 9 fact1 naturally pass$ ov] f ,judaism to ,*ri/ianity4#ahb ,v[s1 inde$1 ( ?is peculi> "*1 & ) ?is peculi> ext]nal sign ( long hair1 are no long] cu/om>y among/ ,*ri/ians2 b surely special v[s _c be said to h gone out ( fa%ion1 :5 we consid] ! wide spread ( ! teetotal movem5t1 ) its v[s id5tical 9 "o important elem5t ) t ( ! ,naz>ites6 ,b view+ ! matt] f a /ill wid] /&po9t1 p1 :5 cont5d+ ?us1 =get :at a l>ge "p ! tradition ( anci5t cu/oms mu/ h play$ 9 ! life1 mann]s1 & cu/oms ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,all 8 e>ly life he 0 a /rict ,ph>isaic ,jew1 & d[n to ! end ( life 8 e>ly tra9+ mu/ h l>gely modifi$ 8 habits4 ,to take b "o in/ance1 pork 0 ! common & fav\rite food ( ! ,romans at ?is p]iod4 ,n[ ,i am sure t ,/4 ,paul w\ld h vigor\sly resi/$ all attempts to prev5t ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians eat+ bacon or ham2 b ,i %\ld n be 9 ! lea/ surpris$ if ,/4 ,paul1 tra9$ 9 ,ph>isaic habits1 nev] once t\*$ a food he _h be5 taught to abhor f 8 e>lie/ y\?4 ,life is a cont9u\s ?+1 & ! memories ( ! pa/ are v p[]ful4 ,we c to ?is day trace among ourselves _m cu/oms & traditions dat+ back to ! times antec$5t to ! ,re=mation1 & mu* f>!r4 ,! fires /ill light$ on ,/4 ,john's ,eve ?r\gh\t ,irel&1 & once cu/om>y 9 ,scotl&1 are survivals ( ! times ( ,druidical paganism 9 ^! isl&s4 ,! c]emonies & social cu/oms ( ,%rove ,tuesday & ,hall[ ,e'en are survivals ( ! rude mir? ( our pre-,re=mation =efa!rs1 on ! nights be=e a celebrat$ fa/1 ,a% ,w$nesday1 9 "o case1 be=e a celebrat$ fea/1 ,all ,sa9ts' ,day1 9 ! o!r4 ,or p]haps ,i may take ano!r in/ance m closely analog\s /ill :i* e read] c v]ify = himself4 ,! use ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& has to ?is day a curi\s in/ance ( ! p[] ( tradition z oppos$ to writt5 law4 ,!re is a g5]al rubric plac$ 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray] be=e ! fir/ ,"l's ,pray]4 ,x runs z foll[s3 ,!n ! m9i/] %all kneel & say ! ,"l's ,pray] ) an audible voice2 ! p also kneel+ & repeat+ x ) him1 bo? "h1 & :]esoev] else x is us$ 9 ,div9e ,s]vice4 ,?is rubric pla9ly prescribes t cl]gy & p %all always say ! ,"l's ,pray] conjo9tly4 ,& yet1 let my read]s g into any *ur* ( ! ,anglican ,communion on ,sunday next1 ,i c>e n :at ! tone ( its !ological ?\ght1 & obs]ve ! fir/ ,"l's ,pray] us$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,communion ,s]vice4 ,!y w f9d t ?is g5]al rubric is univ]sally neglect$1 & ! celebrat+ prie/ says ! op5+ ,"l's ,pray] by himself ) no voice ( ! p rais$ to accompany him4 ,n[ :5ce comes ?is univ]sal fact8 ,x is simply an illu/ration ( ! /r5g? ( tradition4 ,x is a survival ( ! practice be=e ! ,re=mation h&$ d[n by tradition to ! pres5t "t1 & ov]-rid+ a positive & writt5 law4 ,9 ! days be=e ! ,re=mation1 z 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ! pres5t day1 ! op5+ ,dom9ical or ,"l's ,pray] 9 ! ,mass 0 said by ! prie/ alone4 ,:5 ! s]vice 0 translat$ into ,engli% ! old cu/om /ill prevail$1 & has la/$ to ! pres5t day4#ahc ,?is 0 only human nature1 :i* abhors unnecess>y *anges1 & is int5sely cons]vative ( e practice :i* is l9k$ ) ! fond memories ( ! pa/4 ,?is human nature 0 f\nd /rong 9 ,/4 ,paul1 z 9 o!r m51 & x w\ld h argu$ no moral or spiritual weakness1 no desire to play fa/ & loose ) gospel lib]ties1 _h he1 in/ead ( ,aquila1 resort$ to ! old ,jewi% practice & b\nd himself by a v[ 9 connexion ) "s special bless+ :i* he _h receiv$1 or "s special dang] he _h incurr$4 ,:5 we are /udy+ ! ,acts we mu/ nev] =get t ,judaism gave ! tone & =m1 ! :ole out] framework to ,*ri/ianity1 ev5 z ,engl& gave ! outw>d %ape & =m to ! con/itutions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & h] own numb]less colonies ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,/4 ,paul did n inv5t a br& new religion1 z "s p ?9k2 he *ang$ z little z possible1 s t 8 own practice & wor%ip mu/ h be5 to m]e pagan eyes exactly ! same z t ( ! ,jews1 z inde$ we might conclude be=eh& f ! fact t ! ,roman au?orities seem to h view$ ! ,*ri/ians z a m]e ,jewi% sect d[n to ! close ( ! second c5tury4#ahd #ahb ,j]emy ,taylor1 9 8 ,holy ,liv+1 9 8 *apt] on ,pray]1 has "s wise rem>ks on v[s4 ,he includes !m "u ! head ( ,pray]3 ,a v[ to ,god is an act ( pray] & a great degree & in/ance ( opportunity1 & an increase ( duty by "s new uncomm&$ in/ance1 or "s m em95t degree ( duty or frequ5cy ( action1 or e>ne/ness ( _s 9 ! same4 ,& because x ha? pleas$ ,god 9 all ages ( ! _w to admit ( int]c\rse ) ,8 s]vants 9 ! matt] ( v[s1 x is n ill advice t we make v[s to ,god 9 ^? cases 9 :i* we h great ne$ or great dang]4 ,he !n proce$s to lay d[n rules & cautions = mak+ v[s4 #ahc ,see ,proct] on ! ,common ,pray]1 p4 #bab2 ,canon ,evan ,daniel on ! ,pray] ,book1 pp4 #hg & #cjj4 #ahd ,see on ?is subject ( ! confusion ( ,*ri/ianity ) ,judaism by ! ,romans1 ,wiesel]'s ,die ,*ri/5v]folgung5 d] ,cs>51 pp4 #a-aj4 ,i4 ,let u n[ take a rapid survey ( ! ext5sive j\rney :i* our book disposes ( 9 v concise fa%ion4 ,/4 ,paul & 8 companions1 ,aquila & ,priscilla1 ,timo?y & ,silas1 sail$ f ,c5*re to ,ephesus1 :i* city up to ?is seems to h be5 unt\*$ by ,*ri/ian influ5ces4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 ! e>li] portion ( 8 second t\r1 _h be5 prohibit$ by ! ,holy ,_s f prea*+ 9 ,ephesus1 or 9 any portion ( ! prov9ces ( ,asia or ,bi?ynia4 ,important z ! human eye ( ,/4 ,paul may h view$ !m1 /ill ! ,div9e ,guide ( ! ,*ur* saw t nei!r ,asia nor ,bi?ynia1 ) all _! magnific5t cities1 _! accumulat$ weal?1 & _! political position1 7 half s important z ! cities & prov9ces ( ,europe1 view$ f ! /&po9t ( ! _w's conv]sion4 ,b n[ ! gospel has secur$ a sub/antial foo?old 9 ,europe1 has tak5 a firm grasp ( t imp]ial race :i* !n rul$ ! _w1 & s ! ,apo/le is p]mitt$ to visit ,ephesus = ! fir/ "t4 ,he seems to h !n paid a m]e pass+ visit to x1 la/+ p]haps :ile ! %ip dis*>g$ ! portion ( h] c>go de/9$ = ,ephesus4 ,b ,/4 ,paul nev] all[$ "t to hang heavy on 8 h&s = want ( employm5t4 ,he left ,aquila & ,priscilla engag$ 9 _! m]cantile transactions1 &1 ent]+ himself into ! pr9cipal synagogue1 proce$$ to exp\nd 8 views4 ,^! d n seem to h !n ar\s$ any opposition2 nay1 ! ,jews ev5 w5t s f> z to desire him to t>ry long] & op5 out 8 doctr9es at great] l5g?4 ,we may conclude f ?is t ,/4 ,paul did n rema9 dur+ ?is fir/ visit mu* beyond "o ,sabba? day4 ,if he _h be/[$ a second ,sabba? day ^u ! ,ephesian synagogue1 8 ideas & doctr9es w\ld h be5 made s cle> & manife/ t ! ,jews w\ld n h requir$ mu* fur!r exposition 9 ord] to see _! drift4 ,/4 ,paul1 aft] promis+ a second visit to !m1 left 8 old fri5ds & associates1 ,aquila & 8 wife1 ) :om he _h liv$ = ne>ly two ye>s1 at ,ephesus1 & pu%$ on to ,cs>ea1 a t[n :i* he mu/ h already well kn[n1 & ) :i* he 0 subsequ5tly de/9$ to make a long & unpleasant acqua9tance%ip1 arriv+ at ,j]usalem 9 "t probably = ! ,fea/ ( ,tab]nacles1 :i* 0 celebrat$ on ,septemb] #af?1 ,a4,d4 #ec4 ,conc]n+ ! details ( t visit we "k no?+4 ,f\r ye>s at lea/ mu/ h elaps$ s9ce he _h se5 ,james & ! o!r v5]at$ heads ( ! ,"m ,*ur*4 ,we c imag9e !n h[ joy\sly he w\ld h told !m1 h[ eag]ly !y w\ld h he>d ! glad /ory ( ! wond]s ,god _h wr\ght among ! ,g5tiles ?r\gh ! p[] ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,aft] a %ort soj\rn at ,j]usalem ,/4 ,paul return$ back to ,cs>ea1 & !nce w5t on to ,antio*1 ! orig9al seat ( ! ,g5tile mission = ! propagation ( ! fai?4 ,aft] refre%+ himself ) ! k9dly (fices ( frat]nal int]c\rse & conv]sation at ?is great ,*ri/ian c5tre1 :]e broad lib]al s5tim5t & wide ,*ri/ian culture1 free f any n>r[ prejudices1 mu/ h infus$ a tone into society f> m agreeable to ,/4 ,paul ?an ! unprogressive ,judais+ views :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ,j]usalem1 ,/4 ,paul !n det]m9$ to set (f ^u 8 ?ird great t\r1 :i* mu/ h begun at ! e>lie/ "s "t 9 ! spr+ ( ,a4,d4 #ed1 z soon z ! sn[s ( w9t] _h pass$ away & ! passes ?r\gh ! ,taurus ,range into ! c5tral regions ( ,asia ,m9or _h be5 op5$4 ,we "k no?+ m conc]n+ ! ext5d$ j\rney he took on ?is occasion4 ,he seems to h avoid$ t[ns l ,ly/ra & ,d]be1 & to h direct$ 8 m>* /raight to ,galatia1 :]e he _h suffici5t "w to engage all 8 ?\ght4 ,we h no m5tion ( ! names ( ! p>ticul> ,*ur*es :]e he lab\r$4 ,ancyra1 z x 0 !n call$1 ,angora z x is n[ nam$1 9 all probability dem&$ ,/4 ,paul's att5tion4 ,if he visit$ x1 he look$ z ! travell] does /ill ^u ! temple d$icat$ to ! deity ( ,augu/us & ( ,rome1 ! ru9s ( :i* h attract$ ! notice ( e mod]n antiqu>y4 ,glad1 h[ev]1 z we %\ld h be5 to gratify our curiosity by details l ^!1 we are oblig$ to cont5t ourselves ) ! in=mation :i* ,/4 ,luke gives u1 t ,/4 ,paul w5t ?r\gh ! region ( ,galatia & ,phrygia1 9 ord]1 /abli%+ all ! disciples1 leav+ u a speak+ example ( ! en]gis+ p[]1 ! invigorat+ effects1 ( a visitation su* z ,/4 ,paul n[ conduct$1 su/a9+ ! weak1 ar\s+ ! c>eless1 re/ra9+ ! ra%1 guid+ ! :ole body ( ! ,*ur* ) ! c\nsels ( sanctifi$ wisdom & heav5ly prud5ce4 ,!n1 aft] 8 ,phrygian & ,galatian "w 0 f9i%$1 ,/4 ,paul betook himself to a field :i* he long s9ce desir$ to occupy1 & det]m9$ to fulfil ! promise made a ye> previ\sly at lea/ to 8 ,jewi% fri5ds ( ! ,ephesian ,synagogue4 ,,ii4 ,n[ we come to ! f\ndation ( ! ,ephesian ,*ur* "s "t 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ye> #ed ,a4,d4 ,"h x may /rike "s read] z an extraord9>y ?+ t m ?an tw5ty ye>s aft] ! ,crucifixion ,ephesus 0 z yet totally unt\*$ by ! gospel1 s t ! tid+s ( salvation 7 q a novel s\nd 9 ! great ,asiatic capital4 ,p sometimes ?9k ( ! primitive ,*ur* z if1 aft] ! ,day ( ,p5teco/1 e individual ,*ri/ian ru%$ (f to prea* 9 ! mo/ di/ant p>ts ( ! _w1 & t ! :ole e>? 0 evangelis$ /raight (f4 ,!y =get ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ ab\t ! gospel leav51 & leav5 nev] works all on an heap z x 72 x is sl[1 regul>1 progressive 9 its op]ations4 ,! tradition1 too1 t ! apo/les did n leave ,j]usalem till twelve ye>s aft] ,8 asc5sion ought to be a suffici5t corrective ( ?is false notion2 & ?\gh ?is tradition may n h any consid]able hi/orical basis1 yet x %[s t ! primitive ,*ur* did n *]i% ! v mod]n idea t enorm\s & imm$iate successes foll[$ ^u ! prea*+ ( ! gospel aft] ,p5teco/1 & t ! conv]sion ( va/ populations at once occurr$4 ,! case 0 exactly contr>y4 ,= _m a long ye> no?+ at all 0 done t[>ds ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tile _w1 & !n = _m ano!r long ye> ! prea*+ ( ! gospel among ! ,g5tiles entirely dep5d$ ^u ,/4 ,paul alone4 ,he 0 ! "o evangeli/ ( ! ,g5tiles1 & !re=e x is no wond] he %\ld h said 9 #a ,cor4 i4 #ag1 ,*ri/ s5t me n to baptize1 b to prea* ! gospel4 ,he 0 ! "o man fitt$ to deal ) ! prejudices1 ! ignorance1 ! s5suality1 ! grossness ) :i* ! ,g5tile _w 0 ov]spread1 & !re=e no o!r "w1 no matt] h[ important1 0 to be all[$ to int]f]e ) t "o task :i* he alone c\ld p]=m4 ,?is seems to me ! explanation ( ! "q :i* might o!rwise cause "s difficulty1 h[ 0 x t ! ,ephesians1 ,jews & ,g5tiles alike1 inhabit+ ?is di/+ui%$ city1 7 /ill 9 su* dire ignorance ( ! gospel message tw5ty ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion8 ,n[ let u come to ! /ory ( ! circum/ances amid :i* ,ephesian ,*ri/ianity took its rise4 ,/4 ,paul1 z we h already said1 paid a pass+ visit to ,ephesus j a ye> be=e :5 go+ up to ,j]usalem1 :5 he seems to h made a consid]able impression 9 ! synagogue4 ,he left beh9d him ,aquila & ,priscilla1 :o1 ) _! h\sehold1 =m$ a small ,*ri/ian congregation1 meet+ d\btless = ! celebration ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 9 _! own h\se :ile yet frequ5t+ ! /at$ wor%ip ( ! synagogue4 ,?is we conclude f ! foll[+ circum/ance :i* is expressly m5tion$ 9 ,acts xviii4 #bf4 ,apollos1 a ,jew1 born 9 ,alex&ria1 & a le>n$ man1 z 0 natural com+ f t great c5tre ( ,greek & ,ori5tal culture1 came to ,ephesus4 ,he _h be5 baptiz$ by "s ( ,john's disciples1 ei!r at ,alex&ria or 9 ,pale/9e4 ,x may v possibly h be5 at ,alex&ria4 ,/4 ,john's doctr9es & foll[]s may h spread to ,alex&ria by t "t1 z we are expressly in=m$ !y _h be5 diffus$ z f> z ,ephesus 7see *4 xix4 #a-d74 ,apollos1 :5 he came to ,ephesus1 ent]$1 l ,/4 ,paul1 into ! synagogue1 & spake & taught c>efully ! ?+s conc]n+ ,jesus1 kn[+ only ! baptism ( ,john4 ,he knew ab\t ,jesus ,*ri/1 b ) an imp]fect k su* m]ely z ,john himself possess$4 ,?is man began to speak boldly 9 ! synagogue on ! topic ( ! ,messiah :om ,john _h prea*$4 ,aquila & ,priscilla 7 pres5t 9 ! synagogue1 he>d ! disputant1 recognis$ 8 e>ne/ness & 8 defects1 & !n1 hav+ tak5 him1 exp\nd$ to him ! way ( ,god m fully1 initiat+ him into ! full my/]ies ( ! fai? by baptism into ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4#ahe ,?is incid5t has an important be>+ ^u ! f\ndation & developm5t ( ! ,ephesian ,*ur*1 b x he>s m directly /ill ^u ! po9t on :i* we h be5 dwell+4 ,apollos disput$ 9 ! synagogues :]e ,aquila & ,priscilla he>d him1 s t !y mu/ h be5 regul> wor%ipp]s !re not)/&+ _! ,*ri/ian pr(ession & _! close int]c\rse ) ,/4 ,paul = m ?an eighte5 mon?s4 ,aft] a little "t fur!r1 ,apollos desir$ to pass ov] to ,greece4 ,! little ,*ri/ian ,*ur* :i* met at ,aquila's h\se told him ( ! wond]s !y _h se5 & he>d 9 ,a*aia & ( ! fl\ri%+ /ate ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,cor9?4 ,!y gave him lett]s comm5datory to t ,*ur*1 :i!r ,apollos pass$ ov]1 & r5d]$ su* valuable help t 8 "n a ye> or two lat] became "o ( ! wat*words ( ,cor9?ian p>ty /rife4 ,! way 0 n[ prep>$ = ,/4 ,paul's great mission to ,ephesus1 exce$+ 9 l5g? any mission he _h hi!rto conduct$1 surpass+ 9 its duration ( ?ree ye>s ! "t sp5t ev5 at ,cor9? itself4 ,8 own brief visit ( ! ye> be=e1 ! visit & "w ( ! ,alex&rian ,jew1 ! quiet conv]sations1 ! holy lives1 ! sanctifi$ examples ( ,aquila & ,priscilla1 ^! _h done ! prelim9>y "w4 ,!y _h r\s$ expectation1 provok$ discussion1 develop$ ?\ght4 ,ev]y?+ 0 ready = ! great ma/]ful tea*] to /ep ^u ! gr\nd & complete ! "w :i* he _h already s auspici\sly begun4 #ahe ,mey]1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on *4 xix4 #e1 enunciates ! foll[+ extraord9>y !ory ab\t ,apollos1 :i* pla9ly %[s t1 valuable z may be 8 textual criticism1 8 conception ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e & ( ,apo/olic ,*ur* life is v defective3 ,we may n inf] f ?is passage t ! disciples ( ,john1 :o pass$ ov] to ,*ri/ianity1 7 uni=mly re-baptiz$2 = 9 ! case ( ! apo/les :o pass$ ov] f ,john to ,jesus ?is c]ta9ly did n take place2 & ev5 z reg>ds ,apollos ! common op9ion t he 0 baptiz$ by ,aquila is purely arbitr>y1 z 9 xviii4 #bf 8 in/ruction 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & n 8 baptism1 is n>rat$4 ,aga93 ,apollos c\ld disp5se ) re-baptism1 see+ t he1 ) 8 f]vid _s1 foll[+ ! ref]5ces ( ,john to ,*ri/1 & ! in/ruction ( 8 tea*]s1 p5etrat$ )\t any new baptismal consecration into ! pneumatic elem5ts ( life4 ,mey] evid5tly fails to grasp :at ! sacram5t ( baptism 01 z conceiv$ by ,/4 ,paul1 & uses ! mo/ dang]\s l9e ( argum5t1 t f sil5ce1 conclud+ t1 because !re is no m5tion ( ! ,*ri/ian baptism ( ,apollos1 !re=e su* a baptism nev] took place4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,mey]'s !ory _c possibly expla9 :y baptism 0 necess>y = ,cornelius1 ?\gh he enjoy$ ! gift ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 :ile x 0 n necess>y = ,apollos1 :o p5etrat$ )\t any new baptismal consecration into ! pneumatic elem5t ( life4 ,mey] says1 inde$1 t 9 ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t !re is no example except 9 xix4 #a-e ( ! re-baptism ( a disciple ( ,john4 ,b !n 9 ! ,acts & ,epi/les1 :]e alone we read ( ! adm9i/ration ( ,*ri/ian baptism1 !re are only two examples ( ! admission ( ,john's disciples4 ,9 "o case twelve su* 7 admitt$1 & !y 7 all baptiz$ by ,paul's own ord]4 ,9 ! case ( ,apollos !re is sil5ce4 ,surely ! s\nd] conclusion is t ,*ri/ian baptism 0 adm9i/]$ !re too1 ?\gh no?+ is said ab\t x6 ,z = ! apo/les n be+ baptiz$ ) ,*ri/ian baptism1 ! explanation is n f> to seek4 ,baptism is ! reception ( a disciple into cov5ant ) ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( wat]4 ,9 ! case ( ! apo/les ?is reception took place 9 p]son1 & n ?r\gh any m$ium4 ,9 ! apo/les' case1 too1 !re is ano!r consid]ation4 ,mey]'s conclusion is simply "o e sil5tio ev5 9 _! case4 ,we "k n1 h[ev]1 ev]y?+ t ,*ri/ did z reg>ds ,8 apo/les4 ,i d n propose to discuss ! roads by :i* ,/4 ,paul may h travell$ ?r\gh ! prov9ce ( ,asia on ?is ev5tful visit1 nor to discuss ! ar*itectural features1 or ! geographical position ( ! city ( ,ephesus4 ,^! ?+s ,i %all leave to ! writ]s :o h treat$ ( ,/4 ,paul's life4 ,i n[ conf9e myself to ! notices ins]t$ by ,/4 ,luke conc]n+ ! ,apo/le's ,ephesian "w1 & ab\t x ,i note t ^u 8 arrival ,/4 ,paul came 9 contact ) a small congregation ( ! disciples ( ,john ! ,bapti/1#ahf :o _h hi!rto escap$ ! notice ( ! small ,*ur* exi/+ at ,ephesus4 ,?is ne$ n excite our wond]4 ,we are apt to ?9k t because ,*ri/ianity is n[ su* a dom9ant elem5t 9 our own intellectual & religi\s atmosph]e x mu/ always h be5 ! same4 ,ephesus1 too1 0 !n an imm5se city1 ) a l>ge population ( ,jews1 :o may h _h _m synagogues4 ,^! few disciples ( ,john ! ,bapti/ may h wor%ipp$ 9 a synagogue :i* nev] he>d ( ! brief visit ( a ,cilician ,jew1 a tea*] nam$ ,saul ( ,t>sus1 mu* less ( ! quiet ef=ts ( ,aquila & ,priscilla1 ! t5tmak]s1 lately come f ,cor9?4 ,/4 ,paul1 on 8 second visit1 soon came 9 contact ) ^! m54 ,he at once ask$ !m a "q :i* te/$ _! position & atta9m5ts 9 ! ,div9e life1 & %$s = u a vivid light ^u apo/olic doctr9e & practice4 ,did ye receive ! ,holy ,gho/ :5 ye believ$8 is pla9ly an inquiry :e!r !y _h enjoy$ ! bless+ connect$ ) ! solemn imposition ( h&s1 f :i* has be5 d]iv$ ! rite ( confirmation1 z ,i %[$ 9 ! previ\s volume4 ,! disciples soon reveal$ ! imp]fect "* ( _! religion by _! reply3 ,nay1 we did n s mu* z he> :e!r ! ,holy ,gho/ 01 words :i* l$ ,/4 ,paul to dem& :at 9 t case 0 ! nature ( _! baptism4 ,into :at !n 7 ye baptiz$8 & !y said1 ,into ,john's baptism4 #ahf ,! movem5t in/itut$ by ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 p]petuat$ into ! second c5tury1 & 9 "s measure develop$ into1 or connect$ itself )1 ! sect subsequ5tly call$ ! ,hem]obapti/s4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is movem5t f apo/olic days is elaborately trac$ by ,bi%op ,lightfoot 9 8 ,essay on ! ,ess5es1 conta9$ 9 8 ,colossians & ,philemon2 see especially pp4 #djj-djg1 to :i* we mu/ ref] ! read] desir\s ( m in=mation4 ,! ,hem]obapti/s are m5tion$ 9 ! ,clem5t9e ,recognitions1 i4 #ed1 ! ,clem5t9e ,homilies1 ii4 #bc1 :i* date f ab\t #bjj ,a4,d41 & 9 ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions1 vi4 #f1 :i* may be put d[n z a c5tury lat]4 ,?is %[s ! cont9uity ( ! sect4 ,!re are /ill "s fragm5ts ( x exi/+ 9 ,babylonia1 "u ! "n ( ,m&eans3 see fur!r ! article ,sabians 9 ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 iv4 #efi-gc4 ,n[ ! simple explanation ( ! disciples' ignorance 0 t !y _h be5 baptiz$ ) ,john's baptism1 :i* _h no ref]5ce to or m5tion ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,/4 ,paul1 und]/&+ !m to be baptiz$ disciples1 c\ld n und]/& _! ignorance ( ! p]sonal exi/5ce & pres5t p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 till he le>n$ f !m ! nature ( _! baptism1 & !n 8 surprise ceas$4 ,b !n we mu/ obs]ve t ! "q ( ! ,apo/le a/oni%$ at _! defective /ate--,into :at !n 7 ye baptiz$8--implies t1 if baptiz$ ) ,*ri/ian baptism1 !y w\ld h kn[n ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & !re=e fur!r implies t ! baptismal =mula into ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 0 ( univ]sal application among ,*ri/ians2 = surely if ?is =mula 7 n univ]sally us$ by ! ,*ur*1 _m ,*ri/ians might be 9 exactly ! same position z ^! disciples ( ,john1 & nev] h he>d ( ! ,holy ,gho/6#ahg ,/4 ,paul1 hav+ exp\nd$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! in*oate1 imp]fect1 beg9n+ k1 ( ! ,bapti/1 & ! ri*]1 full] tea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 !n h&$ !m ov] = fur!r prep>ation to 8 assi/ants1 by :om1 aft] due fa/+ & pray]1 !y 7 baptiz$1#ahh & at once pres5t$ to ! ,apo/le = ! imposition ( h&s2 :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 v\*saf$ 9 pres5t effects1 !y spake ) tongues & prophesi$1 z if to sanction 9 a special mann] ! decid$ action tak5 by ! ,apo/le on ?is occasion4 #ahg ,see my rem>ks on ?is topic on pp4 #ada1 #adb ( my fir/ volume on ,acts4 #ahh ,see ! ,dida*e1 or ,tea*+ ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 conc]n+ ! me?ods us$ 9 prep>ation = baptism4 ,! details conc]n+ ?is affair1 giv5 to u by ! sacr$ writ]1 are mo/ important4 ,!y set =? at great] l5g? & ) l>g] fulness ! me?ods ord9>ily us$ by ! ,apo/le ?an on o!r simil> occasions4 ,! ,philippian jailor 0 conv]t$ & baptiz$1 b we read no?+ ( ! imposition ( h&s4 ,dionysius & ,dam>is1 ,aquila & ,priscilla1 & _m o!rs at ,a!ns & ,cor9?1 7 conv]t$1 b !re is no m5tion ( ei!r baptism or any o!r holy rite4 ,x might h be5 v possible to argue t ! sil5ce ( ! writ] impli$ utt] contempt ( ! sacram5ts ( ! gospel & ! rite ( confirmation on ^! occasions1 7 x n t we h ?is detail$ acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul dealt ) half-in/ruct$1 unbaptiz$1 & unconfirm$ disciples ( ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,!y 7 in/ruct$1 baptiz$1 & confirm$1 & ?us introduc$ into ! fulness ( bless+1 requir$ by ! discipl9e ( ! ,"l1 z m9i/]$ by 8 fai?ful s]vant4 ,if ?is 7 ! r\t9e obs]v$ ) ^? :o _h be5 taught c>efully ! ?+s ( ,jesus1 kn[+ only ! baptism ( ,john1 h[ mu* m w\ld x h be5 ! case ) ^? rescu$ out ( ! pollutions ( paganism & call$ into ! k+dom ( light6 ,,iii4 ,aft] ?is fav\rable beg9n+1 & see+ ! bord]s ( ! infant ,*ur* ext5d$ by ! union ( ^! twelve disciples1 ,/4 ,paul1 aft] 8 usual fa%ion1 flung himself into "w among/ ! ,jews ( ,ephesus ^u :om he _h previ\sly made a fav\rable impression4 ,he 0 well receiv$ = a "t4 ,he cont9u$ = ?ree mon?s reason+ & p]suad+ z to ! ?+s conc]n+ ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,b1 z x 0 else:]e1 s 0 x at ,ephesus1 ! (f5ce ( ! ,cross told 9 ! long run ^u ! wor%ipp]s ( ! synagogue4 ,! orig9al ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 ,jewi%4 ,aquila & ,priscilla1 ,apollos & ,timo?y1 & ! disciples ( ,john ! ,bapti/ w\ld h excit$ no res5tm5t 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,jews2 b :5 ,/4 ,paul began to op5 out ! hope :i* lay = ,g5tiles z well z = ,jews 9 ! gospel :i* he prea*$1 !n ! objections ( ! synagogue 7 multipli$1 riots & di/urbances became1 z else:]e1 matt]s ( daily occurr5ce1 & ! opposition became at la/ s bitt] t1 z at ,cor9?1 s "h aga9 at ,ephesus ! ,apo/le 0 oblig$ to sep>ate 8 own foll[]s1 & ga!r !m into ! s*ool ( "o ,tyrannus1 a tea*] ( philosophy or rhetoric1 :om p]haps he _h conv]t$1 :]e ! blasphem\s d5unciations aga9/ ! ,div9e ,way :i* he taught c\ld no long] be he>d4#ahi ,9 ?is s*ool or lecture-hall ,/4 ,paul cont9u$ lab\r+ = m ?an two ye>s1 be/[+ ^u ! city ( ,ephesus a long] p]iod ( cont9u\s lab\r ?an he ev] v\*saf$ to any place else4 ,we h ,/4 ,paul's own /atem5t z to 8 me?od ( life at ?is p]iod 9 ! address he subsequ5tly deliv]$ to ! eld]s ( ,ephesus4 ,! ,apo/le pursu$ at ,ephesus ! same c\rse :i* he adopt$ at ,cor9? 9 "o important direction at lea/4 ,he support$ himself & 8 imm$iate companions1 ,timo?y & ,so/h5es1 by 8 own lab\r1 & t we may presume = precisely ! same reason at ,ephesus z at ,cor9?4 ,he desir$ to cut (f all occasion ( accusation aga9/ himself4 ,ephesus 0 a city devot$ to comm]ce & to magic4 ,x 0 full ( impo/ors too1 _m ( !m ,jewi%1 :o made ga9 out ( ! names ( angels & magical =mul d]iv$ f ! pret5d$ wisdom ( ,solomon h&$ d[n to !m by secret succession1 or d]iv$ to !m f contact ) ! l&s ( ! f>-di/ant ,ea/4 ,/4 ,paul det]m9$1 !re=e1 t he w\ld give no opportunity ( *>g+ him ) trad+ ^u ! cr$ulity ( 8 foll[]s1 or work+ ) an eye to covet\s or di%one/ ga9s4 ,i covet$ no man's silv] or gold or app>el4 ,ye y\rselves "k t ^! h&s m9i/]$ unto my necessities1 & to !m t 7 ) me1 is ! description he gave ( ! mann] 9 :i* he dis*>g$ 8 apo/olic (fice 9 ,ephesus1 :5 address+ ! eld]s ( t city4 ,we c ?us trace ,/4 ,paul lab\r+ at 8 trade z a t5tmak] = ne>ly a p]iod ( five ye>s1 comb9+ ! "t sp5t at ,ephesus ) t sp5t at ,cor9?4 ,not)/&+1 h[ev]1 ! att5tion & en]gy :i* ?is ex]cise ( 8 trade dem&$1 he f\nd "t = enorm\s evangeli/ic & pa/oral "w4 ,9 fact1 we f9d ,/4 ,paul n[h]e else s mu* occupi$ ) pa/oral "w z at ,ephesus4 ,else:]e we see ! devot$ evangeli/1 ru%+ 9 ) ! pione]s1 break+ d[n all h9drances1 head+ ! /orm]s to :om 0 committ$ ! fi]ce/ /ruggle1 ! mo/ deadly conflict1 & !n at once mov+ into fre% conflicts1 leav+ ! spoils ( victory & ! calm] "w ( peaceful pa/oral lab\rs to o!rs4 ,b "h 9 ,ephesus we see ,/4 ,paul's m>vell\s p[] ( adaptation4 ,he is at "o h\r a clev] artisan capable ( ga9+ support suffici5t = o!rs z well z = himself2 !n he is ! skilful controv]siali/ reason+ daily 9 ! s*ool ( "o ,tyrannus2 & !n he is ! indefatigable pa/or ( s\ls tea*+ publicly1 & f h\se to h\se1 & ceas+ n to admoni% e "o night & day ) te>s4 #ahi ,see pp4 #cb1 #cc above = "s rem>ks on ?is title1 ! ,way1 us$ 9 ! ,acts = ! ,gospel ,disp5sation or ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,cf4 also *4 ix4 #b1 xix4 #bc1 xxii4 #d1 xxiv4 #ad1 & ! expression ! ,way ( ,life 9 ! ,dida*e4 ,b ?is 0 n all1 or ne>ly all1 ! burd5 ! ,apo/le c>ri$4 ,he _h to be p]petually on ! al]t aga9/ ,jewi% plots4 ,we he> no?+ directly ( ,jewi% attempts on 8 life or lib]ty dur+ ! p]iod ( j ?ree ye>s :i* he sp5t on ?is prolong$ visit4 ,we might be sure1 h[ev]1 f our previ\s exp]i5ce ( ! synagogues1 t he mu/ h run no small dang] 9 ?is direction2 b !n :5 we turn to ! same address we he> some?+ ( !m4 ,he is recall+ to ! m9ds ( ! ,ephesian eld]s ! circum/ances ( 8 life 9 _! community f ! beg9n+1 & he !re=e appeals ?us3 ,ye y\rselves "k f ! fir/ day t ,i set foot 9 ,asia1 aft] :at mann] ,i 0 ) y all ! "t1 s]v+ ! ,"l ) all l[l9ess ( m9d1 & ) te>s1 & ) trials :i* befell me ) plots ( ! ,jews4 ,ephesus aga9 0 a great field :]e9 he p]sonally work$2 x 0 also a great c5tre = mission>y op]ations :i* he sup]9t5d$4 ,x 0 ! capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,asia1 ! ri*e/ & mo/ important ( all ! ,roman prov9ces1 teem+ ) res\rces1 ab\nd+ 9 highly civilis$ & popul\s cities1 connect$ ) "o ano!r by an elaborate network ( admirably con/ruct$ roads4 ,ephesus 0 cut out by nature & by art alike z a mission>y c5tre :5ce ! gospel %\ld radiate out into all ! surr\nd+ di/ricts4 ,& s x did4 ,all !y :i* dwelt 9 ,asia he>d ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 bo? ,jews & ,greeks1 is ! te/imony ( ,/4 ,luke ) respect to ! wondr\s progress ( ! gospel1 n 9 ,ephesus alone1 b also ?r\gh\t all ! prov9ce1 a /atem5t :i* we f9d corroborat$ a little l[] d[n 9 ! same n9ete5? *apt] by ! indep5d5t te/imony ( ,demetrius ! silv]smi?1 :o1 :5 he 0 endeav\r+ to /ir up 8 fell[-craftsm5 to active ex]tions 9 def5ce ( _! endang]$ trade1 says1 ,ye see & he> t n alone at ,ephesus1 b almo/ ?r\gh\t all ,asia1 ?is ,paul ha? p]suad$ & turn$ away mu* p4 ,/4 ,paul's disciples lab\r$1 too1 9 ! o!r cities ( ,asia1 z ,epaphras = in/ance 9 ,coloss4 ,& ,/4 ,paul himself1 we may be c]ta91 be/[$ ! gifts & bless+s ( 8 apo/olic (fice by visit+ ^! local ,*ur*es1 z f> z he c\ld consi/5tly ) ! press+ "* ( 8 engagem5ts 9 ,ephesus4#aij ,b ev5 ! sup]9t5d5ce ( va/ missions ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce ( ,asia did n exhau/ ! prodigi\s lab\rs ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,he p]petually bore ab\t 9 8 bosom anxi\s ?\ghts = ! welf>e1 trials1 & sorr[s ( ! num]\s ,*ur*es he _h e/abli%$ 9 ,europe & ,asia alike4 ,he 0 con/ant 9 pray]s = !m1 m5tion+ ! individual memb]s by "n1 & he 0 unwe>i$ 9 keep+ up communications ) !m1 ei!r by v]bal messages or by writt5 epi/les1 "o specim5 ( :i* rema9s 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 writt5 to !m f ,ephesus1 & %[+ u ! m9ute c>e1 ! compreh5sive int]e/1 ! int5se sympa?y :i* dwelt )9 8 brea/ ) reg>d to 8 di/ant conv]ts all ! :ile t ! "w at ,ephesus1 controv]sial1 evangeli/ic & pa/oral1 to say no?+ at all ( 8 t5tmak+1 0 mak+ ! mo/ trem5d\s dem&s on body & s\l alike1 & app>5tly absorb+ all 8 att5tion4 ,x is only :5 we ?us realise bit by bit :at ! weak1 delicate1 emaciat$ ,apo/le mu/ h be5 do+1 t we are able to grasp ! full mean+ ( 8 own words to ! ,cor9?ians3 ,besides ^? ?+s t are )\t1 !re is t :i* presse? ^u me daily1 anxiety = all ! ,*ur*es4 #aij ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 ,colossians1 ,introd41 p4 #cj1 has "s good rem>ks be>+ on ?is topic3 ,h[ or :5 ! conv]sion ( ! ,colossians took place we h no direct in=mation4 ,yet x c h>dly be wrong to connect ! ev5t ) ,/4 ,paul's long soj\rn at ,ephesus4 ,"h he rema9$ prea*+ = ?ree :ole ye>s4 ,x is possible1 inde$1 t dur+ ?is p]iod he paid %ort visits to o!r neighb\r+ cities ( ,asia2 b if s1 ! notices 9 ! ,acts oblige u to suppose ^! int]ruptions to 8 resid5ce 9 ,ephesus to h be5 slight & infrequ5t4 ,yet1 ?\gh ! ,apo/le himself 0 /ation>y 9 ! capital1 ! ,apo/olic influ5ce & tea*+ spread f> beyond ! limits ( ! city & its imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,x 0 h>dly an exagg]ation :5 ,demetrius decl>$ t 'almo/ ?r\gh\t all ,asia ?is ,paul _h p]suad$ & turn$ away mu* p4' ,! sacr$ hi/orian himself uses equally /rong language 9 describ+ ! effects ( ! ,apo/le's prea*+3 ',all !y :i* dwelt 9 ,asia he>d ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 bo? ,jews & ,greeks4' ,9 accordance ) ^! notices ! ,apo/le himself1 9 an ,epi/le writt5 dur+ ?is soj\rn1 s5ds salutations to ,cor9?1 n f ! ,*ur* ( ,ephesus specially1 z might h be5 anticipat$1 b f ! ',*ur*es ( ,asia' g5]ally 7#a ,cor4 xvi4 #ai74 ,/4 ,luke1 x %\ld be obs]v$1 ascribes ?is dissem9ation ( ! gospel n to j\rneys und]tak5 by ! ,apo/le1 b to 8 prea*+ at ,ephesus itself4 ,?i!r1 z to ! metropolis ( ,we/]n ,asia1 w\ld flock cr[ds f all ! t[ns & villages f> & ne>4 ,!nce !y w\ld c>ry away1 ea* to 8 own neighb\rhood1 ! spiritual treasure :i* !y _h s unexpect$ly f\nd4 ,?is l5g!n$ p]iod ( int5se activity ( m9d & body t]m9at$ 9 an incid5t :i* illu/rates ! peculi> "* ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ephesian m9i/ry4 ,ephesus 0 a t[n :]e ! spiritual & moral atmosph]e simply reek$ ) ! fumes1 ideas1 & practices ( ,ori5tal paganism1 ( :i* magical incantations =m$ ! pr$om9ant feature4 ,magic prevail$ all ov] ! pagan _w at ?is "t4 ,9 ,rome1 h[ev]1 magical practices 7 always m or less "u ! ban ( public op9ion1 ?\gh at times resort$ to ev5 by ^? ^: (fice call$ ^u !m to suppress illegal actions4 ,a c\ple ( ye>s be=e ! v "t at :i* we h arriv$1 work]s 9 magic1 among :om 7 includ$ a/rolog]s1 or ma!maticians1 z ! ,roman law call$ !m1 7 bani%$ f ,rome simultane\sly ) ! ,jews1 :o always enjoy$ an un5viable notoriety = su* occult practices4#aia ,9 ,asia ,m9or & ! ,ea/ !y fl\ri%$ at ?is "t "u ! patronage ( religion1 & cont9u$ to fl\ri% 9 all ! great cities d[n to ,*ri/ian times4 ,*ri/ianity itself c\ld n :olly bani% magic :i* reta9$ its hold ^u ! half-conv]t$ ,*ri/ians :o flock$ into ! ,*ur* 9 cr[ds dur+ ! second half ( ! f\r? c5tury2 & we le>n f ,/4 ,*ryso/om himself1 t :5 a "y man he _h a n>r[ escape = 8 life ow+ to ! cont9uance ( magical practices 9 ,antio*1 m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ,/4 ,paul4#aib ,x is no wond] t :5 ,diana's wor%ip reign$ supreme at ,ephesus1 magical practices %\ld also fl\ri% !re4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re exi/$ a special developm5t ( ! p[] ( evil at ,ephesus1 ,god also be/[$ a special manife/ation ( ,div9e p[] 9 ! p]son & m9i/ry ( ,/4 ,paul1 z ,/4 ,luke expressly decl>es3 ,god wr\ght special miracles by ! h&s ( ,paul1 insomu* t unto ! sick 7 c>ri$ away f 8 body h&k]*iefs or aprons1 & ! diseases dep>t$ f !m1 & ! evil spirits dep>t$ f !m4 ,?is passage has be5 (t5 f\nd a /umbl+-block by _m p]sons4 ,!y h ?\ght t x has a c]ta9 leg5d>y air ab\t x1 z !y 9 turn ?9k t !re is a c]ta9 air ( leg5d ab\t ! simil> passage 9 ,acts v4 #ab-af1 :i* makes mu* ! same /atem5t ab\t ,/4 ,pet]4 ,:5 writ+ ab\t ?is latt] passage 9 my previ\s volume1 p4 #bcj1 ,i (f]$ "s sugge/ions :i* less51 if !y d n q take away1 ! difficulty2 to ^! ,i %all n[ only ref] my read]s4 ,b ,i ?9k we c see a local reason = ! peculi> developm5t or manife/ation ( miracul\s p[] ?r\gh ,/4 ,paul4 ,! devil's seat 0 j !n specially at ,ephesus1 s f> z ! great prov9ce ( ,asia 0 conc]n$4 ,! p[]s ( evil _h conc5trat$ all _! =ce & all _! weal? ( ext]nal gr&eur1 intellectual clev]ness1 & spiritual trick]y 9 ord] to lead m5 captive2 & !re ,god1 9 ord] t ,he might secure a m /rik+ victory = tru? ^u ?is magnific5t /age1 arm$ ,8 fai?ful s]vant ) an extraord9>y developm5t ( ! good p[]s ( ! _w to come1 enabl+ him to "w special wond]s 9 ! sight ( ! hea!n4 ,c we n read an e*o ( ! fe>ful /ruggle j !n wag$ 9 ! metropolis ( ,asia 9 words address$ "s ye>s lat] to ! memb]s ( ! same ,*ur*1 ,= our wre/l+ is n aga9/ fle% & blood1 b aga9/ ! pr9cipalities1 aga9/ ! p[]s1 aga9/ ! _w-rul]s ( ?is d>kness1 aga9/ ! spiritual ho/s ( wick$ness 9 ! heav5ly places8 ,we make a great mi/ake :5 we ?9k ( ! apo/les z work+ miracles :5 & z !y lik$4 ,at times _! evangeli/ic "w seems to h be5 conduct$ )\t any extraord9>y manife/ations1 & !n at o!r times1 :5 ! p[] ( ,satan 0 specially put =?1 ,god display$ ,8 special /r5g?1 enabl+ ,8 s]vants to "w wond]s & signs 9 ,8 ,"n4 ,x 0 mu* ! same z 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t miracles w be f\nd to clu/] !mselves r\nd ! deliv]ance ( ,israel out ( ,egypt1 & its ,re=mation at ! h& ( ,elijah4 ,s1 too1 ! record$ miracles ( ! apo/les w be f\nd to ga!r r\nd ,/4 ,pet]'s e>li] "w 9 ,j]usalem1 :]e ,satan /rove to c\nt]-"w ,god's designs 9 "o way1 & ,/4 ,paul's m9i/ry 9 ,ephesus1 :]e ,satan /rove to c\nt]-"w !m 9 ano!r way4 ,"o incid5t at ,ephesus attract$ special att5tion4 ,!re 0 a prie/ly family1 consi/+ ( sev5 sons1 belong+ to ! ,jews at ,ephesus4 ,_! fa!r _h occupi$ high position among ! v>i\s c\rses :i* 9 turn s]v$ ! ,temple1 ev5 z ,za*>ias1 ! fa!r ( ! ,bapti/1 did4 ,^! m5 obs]v$ ! p[] ) :i* ,/4 ,paul dealt ) human spirits disord]$ by ! p[]s ( evil1 us+ = t purpose ! sacr$ "n ( ,jesus4 ,!y und]took to use ! same sacr$ invocation2 b x prov$1 l ! c5s]s ( ,korah1 ,da?an & ,abiram1 a /range fire k9dl$ aga9/ _! own s\ls4 ,! man possess$ by ! evil _s recognis$ n _! presumptu\s ef=ts1 b attack$ !m1 & did !m s]i\s bodily injury4 ,?is circum/ance spread ! fame ( ! man ( ,god wid] & wid]4 ,! p[] ( magic & ( ! demons fell be=e him1 ev5 z ! image ( ,dagon fell be=e ! ,ark4 ,_m ( ! nom9al believ]s 9 ,*ri/ianity _h /ill reta9$ _! magical practices z ( yore1 ev5 z nom9al ,*ri/ians reta9$ !m 9 ! days ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 ,! reality ( ,/4 ,paul's p[]1 demon/rat$ by ! awful example ( ,sceva's sons1 smote !m 9 _! inmo/ consci5ce4 ,!y came1 confess$ _! de$s1 br\ght _! magical books toge!r1#aic & gave ! greate/ pro( ( _! hone/ convictions2 = !y burn$ !m 9 ! sight ( all1 & c\nt+ ! price !re( f\nd x fifty ?\s& pieces ( silv]1 or m ?an two ?\s& p\nds ( our money4 ,s mightily grew ! ^w ( ! ,"l & prevail$ 9 ! v *os5 seat ( ! ,ephesian ,diana4 #aia ,i allude1 ( c\rse1 to ! decree ( ,claudius aga9/ ! ,jews 9 ,a4,d4 #eb1 to :i* ,suetonius 7,claudius1 #be7 & ,dio ,cassius1 lx4 #f1 ref]2 cf4 ,tacitus1 ,annals1 xii4 #eb1 & ,lew9's ,fa/i ,sacri1 ,a4,d4 #eb4 #aib ,! /ory is an int]e/+ "o4 ,x w be f\nd 9 ,/eph5s' ,life ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 p4 #fa4 ,! ,emp]or ,val5s _h discov]$ t "s ( 8 enemies _h be5 endeav\r+1 ?r\gh magical contrivances some?+ l table-rapp+1 to spell out ! "n ( 8 successor1 & _h succe$$ s f> t !y _h f\nd out ! fir/ "p ( ! "n z ,!od1 b ! oracle c\ld tell no?+ m4 ,! jeal\s ,emp]or ord]$ e prom95t man ) ! names ,!odore or ,!odosius to be sla91 va9ly ?9k+ to kill 8 own successor4 ,he also ord]$ e "o f\nd ) magical books 9 _! possession to be at once sla94 ,*ryso/om & a fri5d 7 walk+ 9 ,a4,d4 #cgd on ! banks ( ! ,orontes :5 !y saw a book float+ d[n ! /ream4 ,!y /ret*$ =? & rescu$ x1 :51 see+ t x 0 a magical book1 !y at once flung x back into ! riv]1 & n a mom5t too soon1 z j !n a police (fic] on detective duty appe>$ on ! sc5e1 f :om a mom5t e>li] !y c\ld n h escap$4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om always reg>d$ ?is z "o ( ! great escapes ( 8 life3 see ,art4 ,*ryso/om 9 ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 vol4 i41 p4 #ebj1 & 8 own ref]5ce to ! escape 9 8 #ch? ,homily on ! ,acts1 translat$ 9 ! ,ox=d ,libr>y ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 l4c41 gives an acc\nt ( ! magical rites & _! c]emonial1 :i* 0 d\btless mu* ! same 9 ,a4,d4 #cgd z 9 ,a4,d4 #ed1 :5ce we take a brief extract3 ,! tw5ty-f\r lett]s ( ! alphabet 7 arrang$ at int]vals r\nd ! rim ( a k9d ( *>g]1 :i* 0 plac$ on a tripod consecrat$ by magic songs & frequ5t c]emonies4 ,! div9]1 habit$ z a hea!n prie/1 9 l95 robes1 s&als1 & ) a fillet wrea!d ab\t 8 head1 *ant$ a hymn to ,apollo1 ! god ( prophecy1 :ile a r+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! *>g] 0 slipp$ rapidly r\nd a sl5d] ?read4 ,! lett]s 9 front ( :i* ! r+ successively /opp$ indicat$ ! "* ( ! oracle4 #aic ,! magical books ?us consign$ to ! flames by ! ,*ri/ian believ]s :o practis$ magic 7 fill$ ) figures or *>act]s te*nically call$ ,ephesian lett]s1 4 ,^! 7 my/ic *>act]s & /range words :i* 7 engrav5 on ! cr[n1 zone1 & feet ( ! goddess4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria discusses _! use1 & says ! ,greeks 7 greatly addict$ to !m1 9 8 ,/romata1 v4 #h1 z translat$ 9 ,clem5t's works1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bdg1 9 ,cl>k's ,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y4 ,! same use ( curi\s my/ic words pass$ ov] to ! ,mani*ans & o!r secret sects ( m$ival times4 ,see also ,guhl's ,ephesiaca1 p4 #id 7,b]l91 #ahdc71 :]e all ! au?orities on ?is curi\s subject are collect$ toge!r4 ,conybe>e & ,h[son1 *4 xiv41 give !m f ,guhl 9 a h&y %ape4 ,great quantities ( ^! ,ephesian lett]s h be5 f\nd among ! ,faym ,manuscripts discov]$ 9 ,egypt1 :i* almo/ univ]sally make a l>ge use ( ! "n ,iao or ,jehovah1 %[+ _! contact ) ,judaism4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,ephesian ,,riot ,,& ,a ,,prud5t ,,t[n ,,cl]k4 ,ab\t t "t !re arose no small /ir conc]n+ ! ,way4 ,= a c]ta9 man nam$ ,demetrius1 a silv]smi?1 :i* made silv] %r9es ( ,diana1 br\ght no little bus9ess unto ! craftsm52 :om he ga!r$ toge!r1 ) ! workm5 ( l occupation1 & said1 ,sirs1 ye "k t by ?is bus9ess we h our weal?4 ,& ye see & he>1 t n alone at ,ephesus1 b almo/ ?r\gh\t all ,asia1 ?is ,paul ha? p]suad$ & turn$ away mu* p1 say+ t !y be no gods1 :i* are made ) h&s2 & n only is !re dang] t ?is our trade come into disrepute2 b also t ! temple ( ! great goddess ,diana be made ( no acc\nt1 & t %e %\ld ev5 be depos$ f h] magnific5ce1 :om all ,asia & ! _w wor%ippe?4--,,acts xix4 #bc-h4 ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs at ,ephesus cov]$1 z he in=ms u himself1 :5 address+ ! eld]s ( t city1 a space ( ?ree ye>s4 ,! great] portion ( t p]iod _h n[ expir$1 & _h be5 sp5t 9 peaceful lab\rs s f> z ! hea!n _w & ! ,roman au?orities 7 conc]n$4 ,! ,jews1 inde$1 _h be5 v tr\blesome at times4 ,x is 9 all probability to !m & _! plots ,/4 ,paul ref]s :5 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #cb he says1 ,if aft] ! mann] ( m5 ,i f\ght ) bea/s at ,ephesus1 :at do? x pr(it me8 z ! unbeliev+ ,g5tiles d n seem to h rais$ any insurrection aga9/ 8 tea*+ till he felt 8 "w 0 done1 & he 01 9 fact1 prep>+ to leave ,ephesus4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we proce$ to discuss ! />tl+ ev5ts :i* f9ally decid$ 8 imm$iate dep>ture1 we mu/ consid] a brief passage :i* connects ! /ory ( ,sceva's sons & _! impi\s tem]ity ) t ( ! silv]smi? ,demetrius & ! ,ephesian riot4 ,! incid5t connect$ ) ,sceva's sons l$ to ! triumph ov] ! work]s 9 magic1 :5 ! secret pr(essors ( t art came & publicly ackn[l$g$ _! hidd5 s9s1 prov+ _! reality by burn+ ! in/rum5ts ( _! wick$ness4 ,"h1 !n1 ,/4 ,luke ins]ts a notice :i* has prov$ to be ( ! v greate/ importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,let u ins]t x 9 full t we may see its be>+3 ,n[ aft] ^! ?+s 7 end$1 ,paul purpos$ 9 ! _s1 :5 he _h pass$ ?r\gh ,mac$onia & ,a*aia1 to g to ,j]usalem1 say+1 ,aft] ,i h be5 !re1 ,i mu/ also see ,rome4 ,& hav+ s5t into ,mac$onia two ( !m t m9i/]$ unto him1 ,timo?y & ,era/us1 he himself /ay$ 9 ,asia = a :ile4 ,?is passage tells u t ,/4 ,paul1 aft] 8 triumph ov] ! practices ( magic1 & feel+ too t ! ,*ur* _h be5 effectually cleans$1 s f> z human =esight & c>e c\ld effect x1 f ! corrod+ effects ( ! preval5t ,ephesian vice1 n[ det]m9$ to transf] ! sc5e ( 8 lab\rs to ,mac$onia & ,a*aia1 wi%+ to visit ^? ,*ur*es :i* five ye>s be=e he _h f\nd$4 ,x 0 full five ye>s1 at lea/1 s9ce he _h se5 ! ,philippian1 ,!ssalonian1 & ,b]an congregations4 ,bett] ?an ?ree ye>s _h elaps$ s9ce he _h left ,cor9?1 ! sc5e ( m prolong$ "w ?an he _h ev] be/[$ on any o!r city except ,ephesus4 ,he _h he>d aga9 & aga9 f all ^! places1 & "s ( ! reports1 especially ^? f ,cor9?1 _h be5 v disquiet+4 ,! ,apo/le wi%$1 !re=e1 to g & see = himself h[ ! ,*ur*es ( ,*ri/ 9 ,mac$onia & ,a*aia 7 f>+4 ,he next wi%$ to pay a visit to ,j]usalem to consult ) 8 bre?r51 & !n felt 8 de/9y pu%+ him /ill we/w>ds1 desir+ to see ,rome1 ! _w's capital1 & ! ,*ur* :i* _h sprung up !re1 ( :i* 8 fri5ds ,priscilla & ,aquila mu/ h told him mu*4 ,su* seems to h be5 8 int5tions 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> #eg1 to :i* 8 ?ree ye>s' soj\rn 9 ,ephesus seems n[ to h br\ght him4 ,! int]val ( "t cov]$ by ! two v]ses :i* ,i h quot$ above is specially int]e/+1 because x 0 j !n t ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians 0 writt54 ,all ! circum/ances & all ! indications ( "t :i* ! ,epi/le itself (f]s conspire to fix ! writ+ ( x to ?is special date & place4 ,! ,epi/le1 = in/ance1 ref]s to ,timo?y z hav+ be5 already s5t into ,mac$onia & ,greece3 ,= ?is cause h ,i s5t unto y ,timo?y1 :o %all put y 9 remembrance ( my ways :i* be 9 ,*ri/ 7#a ,cor4 iv4 #ag74 ,9 ,acts xix4 #bb we h x /at$1 ,hav+ s5t into ,mac$onia ,timo?y & ,era/us4 ,! ,epi/le aga9 pla9ly tells u ! v season ( ! ye> 9 :i* x 0 writt54 ,! ref]5ces to ! ,passov] season--,= our passov] also ha? be5 sacrific$1 ev5 ,*ri/2 :]e=e let u keep ! fea/--are words :i* naturally 7 sugge/$ by ! actual celebration ( ! ,jewi% fea/1 to a m9d l ,/4 ,paul's1 :i* readily grasp$ at e pass+ allusion or *ance incid5t to illu/rate 8 pres5t tea*+4 ,timo?y & ,era/us _h be5 despat*$ 9 ! e>ly spr+1 z soon z ! passes & roads 7 ?or\ghly op5 & navigation e/abli%$4 ,! ,passov] 9 ,a4,d4 #eg happ5$ on ,april #g?1 & ! ,apo/le fixes ! exact date ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ,cor9?1 :5 9 ! sixte5? *apt] & eigh? v]se he says to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,i w t>ry at ,ephesus until ,p5teco/4 ,i m]ely ref] n[ to ?is po9t to illu/rate ! va/ness ( ! ,apo/le's lab\rs1 & to call att5tion to ! necessity = comp>+ toge!r ! ,acts & ! ,epi/les 9 ! m9ute mann] exemplifi$ by ,paley 9 ! ,hor ,paul91 if we wi% to ga9 a complete view ( a life l ,/4 ,paul's1 s completely consecrat$ to "o great purpose4#aid #aid ,?is subject prop]ly belongs to comm5tators on #a ,cor9?ians4 ,paley1 9 ,hor ,paul91 *4 iii41 & ,dr4 ,m>cus ,dods1 9 8 ,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 pp4 #ajd1 #aje1 set =? ! evid5ce 9 a conv5i5t %ape4 ,i may rem>k t "h1 z else:]e1 ,i adopt 9 ! ma9 ,mr4 ,lew9's *ronology1 z conta9$ 9 8 ,fa/i ,sacri4 ,)\t pl$g+ myself to agree 9 all 8 details1 8 s*eme =ms a good work+ hypo!sis1 on :i* a writ] c "w :5 compos+ an expositor's comm5t>y1 n "o = pr(ess$ critics or pr(\nd s*ol>s4 ,man may propose1 b ev5 an apo/le _c dispose ( 8 fate z he w1 or =etell "u ord9>y circum/ances h[ ! c\rse ( ev5ts w affect him4 ,/4 ,paul int5d$ to /ay at ,ephesus till ,p5teco/1 :i* t ye> happ5$ on ,may #bh?4 ,circum/ances h[ev] ha/5$ 8 dep>ture4 ,we h be5 consid]+ ! /ory ( ,/4 ,paul's resid5ce 9 ,ephesus1 b hi!rto we h n he>d "o ^w ab\t ! great ,ephesian deity1 ,diana1 z ! ,romans call$ h]1 or ,artemis1 z ,/4 ,luke1 accord+ to ! ord9>y local use1 correctly calls h] 9 ! ,greek text ( ! ,acts1 or ,anatis1 z h] anci5t "n _h be5 f e>ly times at ,ephesus & ?r\gh\t ,asia ,m9or4#aie ,if ?is riot _h n happ5$1 if our att5tion _h n be5 ?us call$ to ,diana & h] wor%ip1 !re might h be5 a total blank 9 ,/4 ,luke's n>rative conc]n+ ?is fam\s deity1 & h] equally fam\s temple1 :i* 0 at ! "t "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w4 ,& !n "s sc(f]s read+ 9 anci5t hi/ory conc]n+ ! wond]s ( ?is temple1 & f9d+ ! records ( mod]n discov]ies confirm+ ! /atem5ts ( antiquity might h triumphantly po9t$ to ,/4 ,luke's sil5ce ab\t ,diana & ! ,ephesian temple z a pro( ( 8 ignorance4 ,a m]e pass+ riot alone has sav$ u f ?is difficulty4 ,n[ ?is case well illu/rates ! dang] ( argu+ f sil5ce4 ,sil5ce conc]n+ any special po9t is sometimes us$ z a pro( t a p>ticul> writ] knew no?+ ab\t x4 ,b ?is is n ! s\nd conclusion4 ,sil5ce proves 9 itself no?+ m ?an t ! p]son :o is sil5t ei!r _h no occasion to speak ^u t po9t or else ?\ght x wis] or m exp$i5t to hold 8 tongue4 ,josephus1 = in/ance1 is sil5t ab\t ,*ri/ianity2 b t is no pro( t ,*ri/ianity did n exi/ 9 8 "t1 or t he knew no?+ ab\t x4 ,8 sil5ce may simply h aris5 because he f\nd ,*ri/ianity an awkw>d fact1 & n kn[+ h[ to deal ) x he left x alone4 ,x is well to be> ?is simple law ( hi/orical evid5ce 9 m9d1 = a great _m ( ! popul> objections to ! sacr$ n>ratives1 bo? ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 are bas$ ^u ! v dang]\s gr\nd ( sil5ce alone4#aif ,let u1 h[ev]1 return to ,diana ( ! ,ephesians4 ,! wor%ip ( ! goddess ,artemis dom9at$ ! :ole city ( ,ephesus1#aig & help$ to %ape ! de/9ies ( ,/4 ,paul at ?is season1 = :ile int5d+ to /ay at ,ephesus till ,p5teco/ at ! end ( ,may1 ! annual celebration ( ,artemisia1 ! fea/ ( ! patron deity ( ! city1 happ5$1 ( :i* celebration ,demetrius took advantage to raise a di/urbance :i* ha/5$ ,/4 ,paul's dep>ture into ,mac$onia4 #aie ,! /ud5t may consult on ! id5tification ( ,artemis & ! ,ori5tal or ,p]sian deity ,anatis1 ! ,revue ,ar*ologique = #ahhe1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #aje-aae1 & ,d]5b\rg & ,saglio's ,dict4 des ,antiq41 s4v4 ,diana4 #aif ,?is argum5t may be press$ fur!r4 ,! sil5ce :i* we obs]ve 9 mu* ( second-c5tury lit]ature ab\t ! ,new ,te/am5t ,canon & ,episcopacy is ( ! same "*4 ,! be/ kn[n & mo/ notori\s facts are ^? ab\t :i* au?ors are mo/ apt to be sil5t :5 writ+ = contempor>ies1 simply because e p]son ackn[l$ges !m & takes !m = grant$4 #aig ,?is is manife/ at once if ! read] w consult ,mr4 ,wood's ,ephesus or ,guhl's ,ephesiaca1 a "w :i*1 ?\gh publi%$ 79 #ahdc7 be=e mod]n discov]ies _h taught all we n[ "k1 is a mo/ elaborate acc\nt ( anci5t ,ephesus glean$ out ( anci5t writ]s4 ,we h n[ cle>$ ! way = ! consid]ation ( ! n>rative ( ! riot1 :i* is full ( ! mo/ int]e/+ in=mation conc]n+ ! progress ( ! gospel1 & (f]s u ! mo/ wond]ful in/ances ( ! m9ute accuracy ( ,/4 ,luke1 :i* aga9 h be5 illu/rat$ & confirm$ 9 ! fulle/ mann] by ! rese>*es s abundantly be/[$ ^u ,ephesus )9 ! lifetime ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,let u take ! n>rative 9 ! exact ord] giv5 u by ,/4 ,luke3 ,ab\t t "t !re arose no small /ir ab\t ! ,way4 ,b :y ab\t t special "t8 ,we h already said t "h we f9d an indication ( ! date ( ! riot4 ,x mu/ h happ5$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,april1 ,a4,d4 #eg1 & we "k t at ,ephesus almo/ ! :ole mon? ( ,april1 or ,artemisius1 0 d$icat$ to ! hon\r & wor%ip ( ,artemis4#aih ,b "h x may be ask$1 ,h[ did x come to pass t ,artemis or ,diana occupi$ su* a l>ge %>e 9 ! public wor%ip ( ,ephesus & ! prov9ce ( ,asia8 ,has mod]n rese>* confirm$ ! impression :i* ?is *apt] leaves ^u ! m9d1 t ! ,ephesian p 7 above all else devot$ to ! wor%ip ( ! deity8 ,! answ]s to bo? ^! qu]ies are n h>d to give1 & s]ve to confirm our belief 9 ! hone/y & accuracy ( ! sacr$ p5man4 ,! wor%ip ( ,artemis1 or ( ,anatis r1 prevail$ 9 ! p59sula ( ,asia ,m9or f ! "t ( ,cyrus1 :o introduc$ x six or sev5 c5turies be=e4#aii ,anatis 0 ! ,asiatic deity ( fruitfulness1 ! same z ,a%tore? ( ! ,bible1 :om ! ,greeks soon id5tifi$ ) _! own goddess ,artemis4 ,h] wor%ip quickly spread1 specially ?r\gh t portion ( ! c\ntry :i* aft]w>ds became ! prov9ce ( ,asia1 & ?r\gh ! adjac5t di/ricts2 %[+ h[ rapidly an evil ta9t introduc$ into a nation's spiritual life-blood spreads ?r\gh\t its :ole organisation1 & :5 once introduc$ h[ p]si/5tly x holds its gr\nd2 a lesson taught "h 9 ,new ,te/am5t times1 z 9 ,old ,te/am5t days x 0 proclaim$ 9 ,israel's case by ! (t-repeat$ /atem5t conc]n+ h] k+s1 ,h[beit f ! s9s ( ,j]oboam k+ aft] k+ dep>t$ n4 ,! spiritual life & tone ( a nation is a v preci\s ?+1 & because x is s ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& does well to be/[ s mu* ( h] public supplication ^u ^? :o h p[]1 l ,cyrus & ,j]oboam1 to ta9t x at ! v f\ndation & orig9 !re(4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ,/4 ,paul l&$ at ,p]ga 9 ,pamphylia1 on ! fir/ occasion :5 he visit$ ,asia ,m9or z a ,*ri/ian mission>y1 8 eye 0 salut$ ) ! spl5did temple ( ,diana on ! side ( ! hill b5ea? :i* ! city 0 built1 & all ov] ! c\ntry at e important t[n simil> temples 7 erect$ 9 h] hon\r1 :]e _! ru9s h be5 trac$ by mod]n travell]s4#bjj ,! cult or wor%ip introduc$ by ,cyrus exactly suit$ ! morals & disposition ( ^! ,ori5tal ,greeks1 & fl\ri%$ accord+ly4 #aih ,see on ! exact "t ( ! ,mac$onian & ,ephesian mon? ( ,artemisius1 ,us%]'s treatise on ! ,mac$onian & ,asiatic sol> ye>1 9 ! sev5? volume ( 8 works ,ed4 ,elr+ton1 p4 #dbe1 ) :i* may be comp>$ ,bi%op ,lightfoot's ,ignatius1 i4 #ffj-gjj4 ,mr4 ,lew91 9 8 ,fa/i ,sacri1 p4 #cji1 makes x ! mon? ( ,may4 ,! ,mac$onian mon? ,artemisius ext5d$ f ,m>* #be? to ,april #bd?4 ,?is po9t is fur!r discuss$ 9 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 vol4 i41 p4 #dje4 ,if ,/4 ,paul wrote #a ,cor9?ians at or %ortly be=e ,april #g?1 ! date ( ! ,passov]1 ! riot :i* ha/5$ 8 dep>ture mu/ h happ5$ )9 ! succe$+ =tnight4 ,bckh1 9 ! ,corpus ( ,greek ,inscriptions1 ,no4 #bied1 ins]ts a long ,greek inscription1 f\nd "o hundr$ & sev5ty ye>s ago at ,ephesus1 lay+ d[n ! c]emonial to be obs]v$ 9 hon\r ( ! deity ?r\gh\t ! :ole mon?1 :i* ,mr4 ,lew9 translates1 vol4 i41 p4 #dje4 ,see1 h[ev]1 m ^u ?is bel[4 #aii ,! ,p]sian language 0 /ill us$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,diana at ,hi]ocs>ea & ,hyppa1 two well-kn[n t[ns ( ! prov9ce ( ,asia 9 ! second c5tury ( our era4 ,see ,pausanias1 v4 #bg2 cf4 ,tacitus1 ,annals1 iii4 #fb1 & ,ramsay's ,hi/4 ,geog41 p4 #abh4 #bjj ,volunt>y associations 7 =m$ all ov] ,asia ,m9or to cultivate ! wor%ip ( ,artemis4 ,mod]n rese>*1 = in/ance1 has f\nd inscriptions rais$ by ! ,x5oi ,tekmoreioi indicat+ _! peculi> devotion to ,diana & h] wor%ip4 ,!y specially fl\ri%$ at a place call$ ,saghir1 ne> ,antio* 9 ,pisidia4 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! cult ( ! ,b4,v4,m4 has be5 sub/itut$ = t ( ,artemis by ! ,greeks ( ! neighb\rhood1 & a fea/ 9 h] hon\r is celebrat$ at ! same "t z ! anci5t fea/4 ,see ,revue ,ar*ologique1 #ahhg1 vol4 i41 p4 #if2 ,ramsay1 9 8 ,geography ( ,asia ,m9or1 p4 #dji1 & 9 ,j\r4 ,hell4 ,/udies = #ahhc4 ,artemis 0 e/eem$ ! protectress ( ! cities :]e h] temples 7 built1 :i*1 z 9 ! case ( ,ephesus & ( ,p]ga1 7 plac$ outside ! gates l ! temple ( ,jupit] at ,ly/ra1 9 ord] t _! pres5ce might ca/ a halo ( protection ov] ! adjac5t communities4 ,! temple ( ,diana at ,ephesus 0 a spl5did build+4 ,x _h be5 sev]al times de/roy$ by fire not)/&+ its rev]$ "* & ! pres5ce ( ! sacr$ image1#bja & _h be5 z (t5 rebuilt ) great] spl5d\r ?an be=e1 till ! temple 0 erect$ exi/+ 9 ,/4 ,paul's day1 :i* ju/ly excit$ ! wond] ( mank9d1 z its spl5did ru9s h %[n1 :i* ,mr4 ,wood has excavat$ 9 our own "t at ! exp5se ( ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4#bjb ,! devotion ( ! ,ephesians to ?is anci5t ,asiatic deity _h ev5 be5 increas+ ( late ye>s :5 ,/4 ,paul visit$ ,ephesus1 z a decree /ill exi/s 9 its orig9al %ape grav5 9 /one exactly z ,/4 ,paul mu/ h se5 x enact+ ext5d$ hon\rs to ! deity4 ,z ?is decree be>s directly ^u ! fam\s riot :i* ,demetrius rais$1 we ins]t x "h 9 full1 z an int]e/+ confirmation & illu/ration ( ! sacr$ n>rative3 ,to ! ,ephesian ,diana4 ,=asmu* z x is notori\s t n only among ! ,ephesians1 b also ev]y:]e among ! ,greek nations1 temples are consecrat$ to h]1 & sacr$ prec9cts1 & t %e ha? images & alt>s d$icat$ to h] on acc\nt ( h] pla9 manife/ations ( h]self1 & t1 besides1 ! greate/ tok5 ( v5]ation paid to h]1 a mon? is call$ aft] h] "n1 by u ,artemision1 by ! ,mac$onians & o!r ,greek nations & _! cities1 ,artemisius1 9 :i* mon? g5]al ga!r+s & fe/ivals are celebrat$1 & m especially 9 our own city1 ! nurse ( its own1 ! ,ephesian goddess4 ,n[ ! p ( ,ephesus deem+ x prop] t ! :ole mon? call$ by h] "n %\ld be sacr$ & set ap>t to ! goddess1 h resolv$ by ?is decree1 t ! obs]vation ( x by !m be alt]$4 ,!re=e x is enact$1 t ! :ole mon? ,artemision 9 all ! days ( x %all be holy1 & t ?r\gh\t ! mon? !re %all be a cont9u$ celebration ( fea/s & ! ,artemisian fe/ivals & ! holy days1 see+ t ! entire mon? is sacr$ to ! goddess2 = f ?is improvem5t 9 h] wor%ip our city %all receive additional lu/re & enjoy p]petual prosp]ity4#bjc ,n[ ?is decree1 :i* prec$$ ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs p]haps by tw5ty ye>s or m1 has an important be>+ on our subject4 ,/4 ,luke tells u t ab\t ?is "t !re arose no small /ir ab\t ! ,way2 & x 0 only q natural & q 9 accord ) :at we "k ( o!r pagan p]secutions1 & ( human nature 9 g5]al1 t ! precise "t at :i* ! ,apo/le _h !n arriv$ %\ld h be5 m>k$ by ?is riot4 ,! :ole city ( ,ephesus 0 !n giv5 up to ! celebration ( ! fe/ival held 9 hon\r ( :at we may call ! national religion & ! national deity4 ,t fe/ival la/$ ! :ole mon?1 & 0 accompani$1 z all human fe/ivals are apt to be accompani$1 ) a va/ deal ( drunk5ness & vice1 z we are expressly told 9 an anci5t ,greek romance1 writt5 by a ,greek ( :om little is kn[n1 nam$ ,a*illes ,tatius4#bjd ,! p ( ,ephesus 71 9 fact1 mad ) excitem5t1 & x did n require any great skill to /ir !m up to excesses 9 def5ce ( ! endang]$ deity ^: wor%ip 0 ! glory ( _! city4 ,we "k f "o or two simil> cases t ! attack made ^u ,/4 ,paul at ?is pagan fe/ival _h exact p>allels 9 ^! e>ly ages4 #bja ,! orig9al sacr$ image1 :i* 0 pres]v$ inside a scre5 or curta9 9 ! inmo/ temple1 0 a %apeless mass ( wood some?+ l ! prehi/oric blocks ( wood or /one :i* 7 e/eem$ at ,a!ns & else:]e ! mo/ v5]able images ( _! fav\rite deities3 see ,pausanias1 ,description ( ,greece1 i4 #bf4 ,! leg5d at ,ephesus 0 j ! same z at ,a!ns & else:]e1 t ^! prehi/oric images _h fall5 d[n f heav54 ,"s ( !m may h be5 a]olites4 #bjb ,! temple ( ,ephesus is depict$ 9 ,conybe>e & ,h[son's & ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 z well z x c\ld h be5 re/or$ f a /udy ( books4 ,at ! "t ( _! publication nei!r ,mr4 ,wood's discov]ies _h be5 made nor 8 "w on ,ephesus publi%$4 ,! plans & engrav+s 9 ,mr4 ,wood's "w ( c\rse sup]s$e all o!rs4 ,! plans1 etc41 9 ! o!r works are suffici5tly accurate to enable ! read] to realise ! language ( ! ,acts4 #bjc ,! orig9al ( ?is decree w be f\nd 9 ,bckh's ,corp4 ,inscriptt4 ,grc41 ,no4 #bied1 & ! translation 9 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 #dje4 #bjd ,!re is a long acc\nt ( ,a*illes ,tatius 9 ! ,biblio!ca ,grca ( ,fabricius4 ,he 0 a pagan fir/1 & !n became a ,*ri/ian4 ,8 age is unc]ta91 b he c]ta9ly seems to h liv$ :5 pagan fea/s 7 /ill obs]v$ 9 _! anci5t spl5d\r4 ,! book 9 :i* he describes !m is call$ ,de ,amoribus ,clitophontis et ,leucippes1 :]e 9 ,book ,,vi41 *4 iii4 !re is an acc\nt ( ! drunk5ness & idl5ess at ! fea/ ( ,diana4 ,! words ( ,a*illes ,tatius br+ ! sc5e vividly be=e u z ,/4 ,paul mu/ h se5 x3 ,x 0 ! fe/ival ( ,artemis1 & e place 0 full ( drunk5 m51 & all ! m>ket-place 0 full ( a multitude ( m5 ?r\gh ! :ole night4 ,9 ,mason's ,diocletian ,p]secution1 p4 #cfa1 !re w be f\nd an acc\nt ( a fe/ival celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( ,artemis 9 ! same spr+ season at ,ancyra 9 ,galatia4 ,?is latt] acc\nt is useful z giv+ u an au!ntic acc\nt ( a ,celtic fe/ival ( ,diana ab\t ! ye> #cjf ,a4,d4 ,x w\ld seem z if an annual public wa%+ ( ! image ( ,diana con/itut$ an important "p ( ! c]emonial4 ,bo? at ,ancyra z told 9 ! ,acts ( ,/4 ,!odotus & at ,ephesus ! image ( ,diana 0 annually c>ri$ ab\t 9 a waggon drawn by mules3 see ,guhl's ,ephesiaca1 p4 #aad4 ,at ,ancyra1 dur+ ! ,diocletian p]secution1 sev5 ,*ri/ian virg9s 7 dress$ z prie/esses ( ,diana & condemn$ to publicly wa% ! idol4 ,^u _! refusal !y 7 all dr[n$ 9 ! lake :]e ! image 0 wa%$4 ,! ,sev5 ,virg9s ( ,ancyra are celebrat$ 9 ! annals ( ,*ri/ian m>tyrdom = _! h]oic resi/ance on ?is occasion4 ,see ,mason1 l4c41 & ! ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 s4v4 ,sev5 ,virg9s ( ,ancyra & ,!odotus4 ,?is fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ,diana 0 g5]ally utilis$ z ! meet+-"t ( ! local diet or p>liam5t ( ! prov9ce ( ,asia1 :]e deputies f all ! cities ( ! prov9ce met toge!r to consult on _! common wants & transmit _! decisions to ! proconsul1 a po9t to :i* we %all lat] on h occasion to ref]4 ,j n9ety ye>s lat] "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! primitive m>tyrs suff]$ ^u ! same occasion at ,smyrna4 ,polyc>p1 ! disciple ( ,/4 ,john1 liv$ to a v advanc$ p]iod1 & help$ to h& d[n ! tradition ( apo/olic life & doctr9e to ano!r g5]ation4 ,polyc>p1 is1 9 fact1 ?r\gh ,ir5u1 "o ( ! *ief hi/oric l9ks unit+ ! ,*ur* ( lat] times ) ! apo/les4 ,polyc>p suff]$ m>tyrdom amid ! excitem5t rais$ dur+ ! meet+ ( ! same diet ( ,asia held1 n at ,ephesus1 b at ,smyrna1 & att5d$ by ! same religi\s c]emonies & obs]vances4 ,or let u aga9 turn t[>ds ! ,we/1 & we %all f9d x ! same4 ,! m>tyrdoms ( ,vi5ne & ,lyons describ$ by ,eusebius 9 ! fif? book ( 8 hi/ory are among ! mo/ celebrat$ 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1 & z su* h be5 already ref]r$ to & us$ 9 ?is comm5t>y4#bje ,^! m>tyrdoms are an illu/ration ( ! same fact t ! ,*ri/ians 7 always expos$ to peculi> dang] at ! annual pagan celebrations4 ,! ,gallic tribes1 ! sev5 nations ( ! ,gauls1 z !y 7 call$1 7 hold+ _! annual diet or assembly1 & celebrat+ ! wor%ip ( ! national deities :5 _! zeal 0 excit$ to r$-hot pit* aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians ( ,vi5ne & ,lyons1 result+ 9 ! t]rible outbreak ( :i* ,eusebius 9 8 fif? book tells u4#bjf ,z x 0 9 ,gaul ab\t #agg ,a4,d4 & 9 ,smyrna ab\t #aee ,a4,d41 s 0 x 9 ,ephesus 9 ! ye> #eg2 ! mon?'s fe/ival1 celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( ,diana1 accompani$ ) eat+ & dr9k+ & idl5ess 9 abundance1 told ^u ! populace1 & made !m ready = any excess1 s t x is no wond] we %\ld read1 ,ab\t t "t !re arose no small /ir ab\t ! ,way4 ,!n too !re is ano!r circum/ance :i* may h /irr$ up ,demetrius to special viol5ce4 ,8 trade 0 probably fall+ (f ow+ to ,/4 ,paul's lab\rs1 & ?is may h be5 br\ght home to him ) special =ce by ! results ( ! fe/ival :i* 0 !n 9 process ( celebration or p]haps almo/ f9i%$4 ,all ! circum/ances fit ?is hypo!sis4 ,! %r9e-mak]s 71 we "k1 a v important elem5t 9 ! population ( ,ephesus1 & ! trade ( %r9e-mak+ & ! manufacture ( o!r silv] ornam5ts conduc$ 9 no small degree to ! comm]cial prosp]ity ( ! city ( ,ephesus4 ,?is is pla9ly /at$ ^u ! face ( our n>rative3 ,ye "k t by ?is bus9ess we h our weal?1 & ye see & he> t n alone at ,ephesus1 b almo/ ?r\gh\t all ,asia1 ?is ,paul ha? turn$ away mu* p1 facts :i* c\ld n h be5 m =cibly br\ght home to !m ?an by ! decreas+ call !y 7 exp]i5c+ = ! p>ticul> articles :i* !y produc$4 #bje ,see vol4 i41 pp4 #h1 #i4 #bjf ,see ! articles on ,polyc>p 9 ! ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 iv4 #dbf1 & on ,m>tyrs ( ,lyons1 iii4 #gfd4 ,z reg>ds ,polyc>p1 see also ,lightfoot's ,ignatius1 vol4 i41 p4 #dcf2 & z reg>ds ! ,m>tyrs ( ,lyons1 see ,rnan's ,m>c-,aurle1 pp4 #cbi1 #cca4 ,x is int]e/+ to notice1 9 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,paul9us ( ,nola writt5 ab\t ! ye> #djj ,a4,d41 8 compla9ts ab\t ! abuses1 drunk5ness & idl5ess1 connect$ ) ! fea/s & holy days obs]v$ 9 hon\r ( 8 great patron & h]o ,/4 ,felix ! ,m>tyr4 ,a simil> feel+ ( ! moral dang]s connect$ ) religi\s holy days l$ to ! abbreviation ( ! week's holiday foll[+ ,ea/] & ,:itsunday to ,monday & ,tuesday z at pres5t4 ,n[ ! "q may be propos$1 ,0 ?is ! fact8 ,0 ,ephesus celebrat$ = its %r9e-mak]s1 & 7 %r9es & silv] ornam5ts a fav\rite manufacture 9 t city8 ,"h mod]n rese>* comes 9 to te/ify to ! m>k$ tru?fulness1 ! m9ute accuracy ( ,/4 ,luke4 ,we d n n[ ne$ to appeal to anci5t au?ors1 z ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul l ^? writt5 by ,mr4 ,lew9 or by ,messrs4 ,conybe>e & ,h[son d4 ,! excavations :i* h tak5 place at ,ephesus s9ce ! publication ( ^! valuable works h amply v9dicat$ ! hi/oric "* ( our n>rative on ?is po9t4 ,mr4 ,wood 9 ! c\rse ( 8 excavations at ,ephesus discov]$ a va/ numb] ( inscriptions & sculptures :i* _h once adorn$ ! temple ( ,ephesus1 b ^u its de/ruction _h be5 remov$ to ! !atre1 :i* cont9u$ 9 full op]ation long aft] ! pagan temple _h disappe>$4#bjg ,among ^! inscriptions !re 0 "o enorm\s "o br\ght to light4 ,x 0 erect$ "s =ty ye>s or s aft] ,/4 ,paul's "t1 b x s]ves 9 ! m9ut5ess ( its details to illu/rate ! /ory ( ,demetrius1 ! spee* he made1 & ! riot he rais$4 ,?is inscription 0 rais$ 9 hon\r ( a weal?y ,roman nam$ ,gaius ,vibius ,salut>ius1 :o _h d$icat$ to ,artemis a l>ge numb] ( silv] images weigh+ f ?ree to sev5 p\nds ea*1 & _h ev5 provid$ a compet5t end[m5t = keep+ up a public fe/ival 9 h] hon\r1 :i* 0 to be celebrat$ on ! bir?day ( ! goddess1 :i* happ5$ 9 ! mon? ( ,april or ,may4 ,! inscription1 :i* conta9s ! p>ticul>s ( ! (f]+ made by ?is ,roman1 w\ld take up q too mu* space if we desir$ to ins]t x4 ,we c only n[ ref] our read]s to ,mr4 ,wood's book on ,ephesus1 :]e !y w f9d x giv5 at full l5g?4 ,a few l9es may1 h[ev]1 be quot$ to illu/rate ! ext5t to :i* ! manufacture ( silv] %r9es & silv] ornam5ts 9 hon\r ( ,artemis mu/ h fl\ri%$ 9 ,ephesus4 ,?is inscription enum]ates ! images d$icat$ to ! goddess :i* ,salut>ius _h provid$ by 8 end[m5ts1 ent]+ into ! mo/ m9ute details z to _! treatm5t & c>e4 ,! foll[+ passage gives a vivid picture ( ,ephesian idolatry z ! ,apo/le saw x3 ,let two /atues ( ,artemis ( ! weight ( ?ree p\nds ?ree ounces be religi\sly kept 9 ! cu/ody ( ,salut>ius1 :o himself consecrat$ !m1 & aft] ! dea? ( ,salut>ius1 let ! a=esaid /atues be re/or$ to ! t[n-cl]k ( ! ,ephesians1 & let x be made a rule t !y be plac$ at ! public meet+s above ! seat ( ! c\ncil 9 ! !atre be=e ! gold5 /atue ( ,artemis & ! o!r /atues4 ,& a gold5 ,artemis weigh+ ?ree p\nds & two silv] de] att5d+ h]1 & ! re/ ( ! images ( ! weight ( two p\nds t5 ounces & five grammes1 & a silv] /atue ( ! ,sacr$ ,s5ate ( ! weight ( f\r p\nds two ounces1 & a silv] /atue ( ! c\ncil ( ! ,ephesians4 ,likewise a silv] ,artemis be>+ a tor* ( ! weight ( six p\nds1 & a silv] /atue ( ! ,roman p4 ,& s ! inscription proce$s to "n & devote silv] & gold5 /atues lit]ally by doz5s1 :i* ,salut>ius int5d$ to be borne 9 solemn procession on ! fea/-day ( ,diana4 ,x is q evid5t t did we possess b ?is inscription alone1 we h "h amply suffici5t evid5ce %[+ u t "o ( ! /aple trades ( ,ephesus1 "o ^u :i* ! prosp]ity & welf>e ( a l>ge section ( its inhabitants dep5d$1 0 ?is manufacture ( silv] & gold ornam5ts directly connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! goddess4#bjh ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! guild ( %r9e-mak]s did n dep5d alone ^u ! *ance lib]ality ( a /ray weal?y ,roman or ,greek l ,salut>ius1 :o might feel mov$ to create a special end[m5t or be/[ special gifts ^u ! temple4 ,! guild ( %r9e-mak]s dep5d$ ^u ! l>ge & regul> dem& ( a va/ population :o requir$ a supply ( *eap & h&y %r9es to satisfy _! religi\s crav+s4 ,! population ( ! surr\nd+ di/ricts & t[ns p\r$ into ,ephesus at ?is annual fe/ival ( ,diana & paid _! devotions 9 h] temple4 ,b ev5 ! pagans requir$ "s k9d ( social & family religion4 ,!y c\ld n live z too _m nom9al ,*ri/ians are cont5t$ to live1 )\t any family or p]sonal ackn[l$gm5t ( _! dep5d5ce ^u a high] p[]4 ,!re 0 no provision = public wor%ip 9 ! rural di/ricts answ]+ to our p>o*ial sy/em1 & s !y suppli$ ! want by pur*as+ on occasions l ?is fea/ ( ,diana1 %r9es1 little silv] images1 or lik5esses ( ! c5tral cell ( ! great temple :]e ! sacr$ image re/$1 & :i* s]v$ z c5tral po9ts to fix _! ?\ghts & excite ! gratitude due to ! goddess :om !y ador$4 ,demetrius & 8 fell[-craftsm5 dep5d$ ^u ! dem& creat$ by a va/ population ( dev\t believ]s 9 ,artemis1 & :5 ?is dem& began to fall (f ,demetrius trac$ ! bad trade :i* he & 8 fell[s 7 exp]i5c+ to ! true s\rce4 ,he recognis$ ! ,*ri/ian tea*+ imp>t$ by ,/4 ,paul z ! deadly enemy ( 8 unrighte\s ga9s1 & naturally direct$ ! rage ( ! mob aga9/ ! prea*] ( tru? & righte\sness4 ,! actual words ( ,demetrius are des]v+ ( ! mo/ c>eful /udy1 = !y too h be5 illu/rat$ by mod]n discov]y 9 ! mo/ /rik+ mann]4 ,hav+ spok5 ( ! results ( ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ 9 ,asia ( :i* !y all _h _h p]sonal exp]i5ce1 he !n proce$s to expatiate on its dang]\s "*1 n only z reg>ds _! own p]sonal int]e/s1 b z reg>ds ! goddess & h] sacr$ dignity z well3 ,& n only is !re dang] t ?is our trade come into disrepute1 b also t ! temple ( ! great goddess ,diana be made ( no acc\nt1 & t %e %\ld be depos$ f h] magnific5ce :om all ,asia & ! _w wor%ippe?4 ,demetrius clev]ly b lightly t\*es ^u ! self-int]e/ ( ! workm54 ,he does n dwell on t topic too long1 because x is nev] well = an orator :o wi%es to r\se 8 he>]s to en?usiasm to dwell too long or too op5ly ^u m]ely selfi% consid]ation4 ,man is inde$ int5sely selfi% by nature1 b !n he does n l to be told s too op5ly1 or to h 8 own selfi%ness p>ad$ too frequ5tly be=e 8 face4 ,he likes to be flatt]$ z if he *]i%$ a belief 9 high] ?+s1 & to h 8 l[ ends & bas] motives clo!d 9 a similitude ( noble en?usiasm4 ,demetrius h9ts !re=e at _! own impov]i%m5t z ! results ( ,paul's tea*+1 b expatiates on ! c]ta9 de/ruction :i* awaits ! glory ( _! "t-hon\r$ & _w-r5[n$ deity if free c\rse be any long] p]mitt$ to su* doctr9e4 ,?is spee* is a skilful composition all ?r\gh4 ,x %[s t ! anci5t rhetorical skill ( ! ,greeks /ill fl\ri%$ 9 ,ephesus1 & n ! lea/ skilful1 & at ! same "t n ! lea/ true t\* 9 ! spee* 0 t :]e9 ,demetrius rem9d$ 8 he>]s t ! _w 7 onlook]s & wat*]s ( _! conduct1 not+ :e!r or n !y w\ld v9dicate ,diana's assail$ dignity4 ,x 0 a true t\*1 ,i say1 = mod]n rese>* has %[n t ! wor%ip ( ! ,ephesian ,artemis 0 _w-wide 9 its ext5t2 x _h come f ! di/ant ea/1 & _h travell$ to ! f>!/ we/4 ,we h already not$ ! te/imony ( mod]n travell]s %[+ t h] wor%ip ext5d$ ov] ,asia ,m9or 9 e direction4 ,?is fact ,demetrius long ago told ! ,ephesians1 & anci5t au?ors h repeat$ 8 te/imony1 & mod]n travell]s h m]ely corroborat$ !m4 ,b we 7 n aw>e h[ accurate 0 ,demetrius ab\t ! :ole _w wor%ipp+ ,artemis1 till 9 our own "t ! /atues & temples ( ! ,ephesian goddess 7 f\nd exi/+ s f> we/ z ,s\!rn ,gaul1 ,m>seilles1 & ! coa/ ( ,spa91 prov+ t :]ev] ,asiatic sailors & ,asiatic m]*ants came ?i!r !y br\ght ) !m ! wor%ip ( _! fav\rite deity4#bji #bjg ,! pagan temples 7 almo/ univ]sally de/roy$ ab\t ! ye> #djj4 ,! edicts deal+ ) ?is matt] & an ample comm5t>y ^u !m w be f\nd 9 ! ,!odosian ,code1 edit$ by t em95t s*ol> ,godefroy4 #bjh ,an int]e/+ confirmation ( ?is fact came to light 9 mod]n times4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcj !re 0 f\nd 9 ,s\!rn ,france a piece ( su* ,ephesian silv] "w wr\ght 9 hon\r ( ,artemis1 & c>ri$ into ,gaul by "o ( h] wor%ipp]s4 ,x is n[ deposit$ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 & has be5 fully describ$ 9 an int]e/+ article 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 vol4 iii41 pp4 #ajd-ajf1 writt5 by t em95t antiqu>y ,c4 ,wald/e94 #bji ,see ! ,revue ,ar*ologique = #ahhf1 vol4 ii41 p4 #beg1 ab\t ! wor%ip ( ! ,ephesian ,artemis 9 ,m>seilles & ,s\!rn ,gaul1 & an article 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies = #ahhi1 vol4 x41 p4 #baf1 by ,pr(essor ,ramsay1 on ! va/ ext5t ( ,artemis wor%ip 9 ,asia4 ,9 ! same j\rnal1 = #ahij1 vol4 xi41 p4 #bce1 we h an acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( "o ( ! orig9al seats ( ,artemis wor%ip 9 ,ea/]n ,cilicia by ,mr4 ,j4 ,t4 ,b5t2 :ile aga91 9 vol4 iv41 p4 #dj-dc1 ,ramsay gives u a subscription li/ rais$ 9 ,pisidia = ! purpose ( build+ a temple ( ,artemis 9 a c\ntry di/rict4 ,let u pass on1 h[ev]1 & see :e!r ! rema9d] ( ?is n>rative w n af=d u subject-matt] = abundant illu/rations4 ,! mob drank 9 ! spee* ( ,demetrius1 & respond$ ) ! national %\t1 ,great is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians1 a cry :i* has be5 f\nd inscrib$ on alt>s & tablets all ov] ! prov9ce ( ,asia1 %[+ t x 0 a k9d ( wat*word among ! inhabitants ( t di/rict4 ,! cr[d ( workm5 :om ,demetrius _h be5 address+ !n ru%$ into ! !atre1 ! usual place ( assembly = ! p ( ,ephesus1 dragg+ ) !m ,gaius & ,ari/>*us1#baj m5 ( ,mac$onia1 ,paul's companions 9 travel4 ,! ,jews too foll[$ ! mob1 eag] to make ! unexpect$ tumult s]ve _! own ho/ile purposes aga9/ ,/4 ,paul4 ,news ( ! riot 0 soon c>ri$ to ! ,apo/le1 :o le>n+ ( ! dang] to :i* 8 fri5ds 7 expos$ desir$ to ent] t !atre ! magnific5t proportions & ornam5tation ( :i* h be5 = ! fir/ "t display$ to mod]n eyes by ! lab\rs ( ,mr4 ,wood4 ,b ! local ,*ri/ians knew ! ,ephesian mob & _! /ate ( excitem5t bett] ?an ,/4 ,paul did1 & s !y w\ld n all[ him to risk 8 life amid ! infuriat$ cr[d4 ,! ,apo/le's tea*+ too _h rea*$ ! v highe/ ranks ( ,ephesian & ,asiatic society4 ,! v ,asi>*s1 be+ 8 fri5ds1 s5t unto him & reque/$ him n to ent] ! !atre4 ,"h aga9 we come across "o ( ^? incid5tal ref]5ces :i* display ,/4 ,luke's acqua9tance ) ! local peculi>ities ( ! ,ephesian con/itution1 & :i* h be5 only really appreciat$ 9 ! light ( mod]n discov]ies4 ,9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,james ,i41 :5 ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion 0 made1 ! translators knew no?+ ( ! pro( ( ! sacr$ writ]'s accuracy :i* lay "u _! h&s 9 ! words1 ,c]ta9 ( ! ,asi>*s or *ief (fic]s ( ,asia1 & s !y translat$ !m v lit]ally b v incorrectly1 ,c]ta9 ( ! *ief ( ,asia1 ignor+ completely ! (ficial rank & title :i* ^! m5 possess$4 ,a few words mu/ suffice to give a brief explanation ( ! (fice ^! m5 held4 ,! prov9ce ( ,asia f anci5t times _h celebrat$ ?is fea/ ( ,artemis at an assembly ( all ! cities ( ,asia4 ,?is we h already expla9$4 ,! ,romans unit$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,artemis ! wor%ip ( ! ,emp]or & ( ! ,city ( ,rome2 s t loyalty to ! ,emp]or & loyalty to ! national religion w5t h& 9 h&4 ,!y appo9t$ c]ta9 (ficials to preside at ^! games1 !y made !m presid5ts ( ! local diets or p>liam5ts :i* assembl$ to discuss local matt]s at ^! national assemblies1 !y gave !m ! highe/ positions 9 ! prov9ce next to ! proconsul1 !y surr\nd$ !m ) great pomp1 & endu$ !m ) consid]able p[] s long z ! fe/ival la/$1 & !n1 be+ int5t on unit+ economy ) _! g5]osity1 !y made ^! ,asi>*s1 z !y 7 call$1 responsible = all ! exp5ses incurr$ 9 ! celebration ( ! games & diets4 ,x 0 a clev] policy1 z x secur$ ! maximum ( cont5tm5t on ! p's "p ) ! m9imum ( exp5se to ! imp]ial gov]nm5t4 ,?is arrangem5t cle>ly limit$ ! position ( ! ,asi>*ate to ri* m51 z !y alone c\ld af=d ! enorm\s exp5ses involv$4 ,! ,greeks1 specially ^? ( ,asia1 z we h already po9t$ out1 7 v fla%y 9 _! disposition4 ,!y lov$ titles & decorations2 s mu* s t "o ( _! own orators ( ,/4 ,paul's day1 ,dion ,*ryso/om1 tells u t1 provid$ !y got a title1 !y w\ld suff] any indignity4 ,!re 7 !re=e cr[ds ( ri* m5 always ready to take ! (fice ( ,asi>*1 :i* by degrees 0 turn$ into a k9d ( life pe]age1 a man once an ,asi>* always reta9+ ! title1 :ile 8 wife 0 call$ ! ,asi>*ess1 z we f9d f ! inscriptions4 ,! ,asi>*s 71 9 fact1 ! (ficial ari/ocracy ( ! prov9ce ( ,asia4 ,!y _h assembl$ on ?is occasion = ! purpose ( sitt+ 9 ! local p>liam5t & presid+ ov] ! annual games 9 hon\r ( ,diana4#baa ,_! int]e/s & _! hon\r 7 all b\nd up ) ! wor%ip ( ! goddess1 & yet ! prea*+ ( ,/4 ,paul _h told s p[]fully ^u ! :ole prov9ce1 t ev5 among ! v (ficials ( ! ,/ate religion ,/4 ,paul _h fri5ds & support]s anxi\s to pres]ve 8 life1 & !re=e s5t him a message n to adv5ture himself into ! !atre4 ,x is no wond] t ,demetrius ! silv]smi? r\s$ 8 fell[-craftsm5 into activity & fann$ ! flame ( _! wra?1 = ! wor%ip ( ,diana ( ! ,ephesians 0 inde$ 9 dang] :5 ! v m5 ^: (fice b\nd !m to its support 7 9 league ) su* an uncompromis+ oppon5t z ?is ,paul ( ,t>sus4 ,/4 ,luke ?us gives a glimpse ( ! con/itution ( ,ephesus & ( ! prov9ce ( ,asia 9 8 "t4 ,he %[s u ! peculi> in/itution ( ! ,asi>*ate1 & !n :5 we turn to ! inscriptions :i* ,mr4 ,wood & o!r mod]n discov]]s h une>!d1 we f9d t ! ,asi>*s occupy a mo/ prom95t position 9 !m1 v9dicat+ 9 ! ample/ mann] ! introduction ( !m by ,/4 ,luke z assembl$ at ,ephesus at ?is special season1 & !re int]e/+ !mselves 9 ! welf>e ( ! great ,apo/le4#bab #baj ,ari/>*us is describ$ 9 ! ,m>tyrologies z ! fir/ bi%op ( ,!ssalonica1 & is said to h suff]$ m>tyrdom "u ,n]o4 ,he is commemorat$ on ,augu/ #d?4 #baa ,^! local p>liam5ts "u ! ,roman ,empire h be5 ! subject ( mu* mod]n inve/igation at ! h&s ( ,fr5* & ,g]man s*ol>s4 ,see = ref]5ces to ! au?orities on ! po9t an article :i* ,i wrote 9 ,macmillan's ,magaz9e = #ahhb4 #bab ,see ! index to ,lightfoot's ,ignatius & ,polyc>p = ext5d$ ref]5ces to ! ,asi>*ate1 & also ,momms5's ,roman ,prov9ces 7,dickson's translation71 vol4 i41 pp4 #cde-g4 ,b n[ !re comes on ! sc5e ano!r (ficial1 ^: title & (fice h be5 ! subject ( _m an illu/ration furni%$ by mod]n rese>*4 ,! ,jews :o foll[$ ! mob into ! !atre1 :5 !y did n see ,/4 ,paul !re1 put =w>d "o ,alex&] z _! spokesman4#bac ,?is man has be5 by "s id5tifi$ ) ,alex&] ! copp]smi?1 to :om ,/4 ,paul ref]s 7#b ,tim4 iv4 #ad7 :5 writ+ to ,timo?y1 !n resid5t at ,ephesus1 z a man :o _h done mu* injury to ! ,*ri/ian cause4 ,he may h be5 well kn[n z a bro!r-tradesman by ! ,ephesian silv]smi?s1 & he seems to h be5 reg>d$ by ! ,jews z a k9d ( lead] :o might be useful 9 direct+ ! rage ( ! mob aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians :om !y hat$4 ,! riot]s1 h[ev]1 did n di/+ui% z cle>ly z ! ,jews w\ld h wi%$ betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,jews4 ,!y made ! same mi/ake z ! ,romans did = m ?an a c5tury lat]1 & conf\nd$ ,jews & ,*ri/ians toge!r4 ,!y 7 all1 9 any case1 oppon5ts ( idol wor%ip & *iefly ( _! fav\rite goddess1 & !re=e ! sight ( ,alex&] m]ely int5sifi$ _! rage1 s mu* t = ! space ( two h\rs !y cont9u$ to vocif]ate _! fav\rite cry1 ,great is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians4 #bac ,! ,ephesian mob f\r hundr$ ye>s lat] display$ at ! ?ird ,g5]al ,c\ncil held at ,ephesus 9 #dca an extraord9>y p[] ( keep+ up ! same cry = h\rs4 ,see ! /ory ( ! ,c\ncil z told by ,hefele 9 ! ?ird volume ( 8 ,g5]al ,c\ncils 7,cl>k's translation74 ,no?+ w give su* a vigor\s idea ( ! confusion :i* !n prevail$ at ,ephesus z a glance at ,mansi's ,acts ( t ,c\ncil4 ,! cry ,ana!ma to ,ne/orius1 ! h]etic aga9/ :om ! ,c\ncil decl>$1 0 ma9ta9$ s long & s cont9u\sly t "o w\ld imag9e t or?odoxy dep5d$ on /r5g? ( lungs4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 !re appe>$ ano!r (ficial1 ^: title & "* h become fam\s ?r\gh 8 action on ?is occasion3 ,:5 ! t[n-cl]k _h quiet$ ! multitude1 he sai?1 ,ye m5 ( ,ephesus1 :at man is !re :o kn[e? n t ! city ( ! ,ephesians is temple-keep] 7or ,neocoros7 ( ! great ,diana1 & ( ! image :i* fell d[n f ,jupit]8 ,"h we h sev]al t]ms :i* h be5 illu/rat$ & confirm$ by ! excavations ( ,mr4 ,wood4 ,! t[n-cl]k or record] is introduc$1 because he 0 ! *ief executive (fic] ( ! city ( ,ephesus1 &1 z su*1 responsible to ! ,roman au?orities = ! peace & ord] ( ! city4 ,! city ( ,ephesus 0 a free city1 reta9+ its anci5t laws & cu/oms l ,a!ns & ,!ssalonica1 b only on ! condition t ^! laws 7 effective & peace duly kept4 ,o!rwise ! ,roman au?orities & _! police w\ld /ep 94 ,^! t[n-cl]ks or record]s ( ,ephesus are kn[n f ?is "o passage 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 b !y are /ill bett] kn[n f ! inscriptions :i* h be5 br\ght to light at ,ephesus4 ,i h m5tion$1 = in/ance1 ! imm5se inscription :i* ,mr4 ,wood discov]$ 9 ! !atre commemorat+ ! gift to ! temple ( ,diana ( a va/ numb] ( gold & silv] images made by "o ,vibius ,salut>ius4 ,?is inscription lays d[n t ! images %\ld be kept 9 ! cu/ody ( ! t[n-cl]k or record] :5 n requir$ = use 9 ! solemn religi\s processions made ?r\gh ! city4 ,! names ( a great _m t[n-cl]ks h be5 recov]$ f ! ru9s ( ,ephesus1 "s ( !m com+ f ! reign ( ,n]o1 ! v p]iod :5 ?is riot took place4 ,x is n impossible t we may yet recov] ! v "n ( ! t[n-cl]k :o gave ! riot\s mob ?is v prud5t advice1 ,ye ought to be quiet1 & to d no?+ ra%1 :i* has made him immortal4 ,!n1 aga91 a title = ! city ( ,ephesus is us$ 9 ?is pacific oration :i* is /rictly hi/orical1 & su* z w\ld naturally h be5 us$ by a man 9 ! t[n-cl]k's position4 ,he calls ,ephesus ! temple-keep]1 or ,neocoros1 z ! ^w lit]ally is1 ( ! goddess ,diana1 & ?is is "o ( ! mo/ usual & common titles 9 ! lately discov]$ inscriptions4 ,ephesus & ! ,ephesians 7 inde$ s devot$ to ! wor%ip ( t deity & s affect$ by ! hon\r %e conf]r$ ^u !m t !y delight$ to call !mselves ! temple-sweep]s1 or sextons1 ( ! great ,diana's temple4 ,9 fact1 _! devotion to ! wor%ip ( ! goddess s f> surpass$ t ( ord9>y cities t ! ,ephesians 7 accu/om$ to subord9ate _! rev]5ce = ! ,emp]ors to _! rev]5ce = _! religion1 & ?us 9 ! decree pass$ by !m hon\r+ ,vibius ,salut>ius :o end[$ _! temple ) _m spl5did gifts1 to :i* we h already ref]r$1 !y beg9 by describ+ !mselves ?us3 ,9 ! presid5cy ( ,tib]ius ,claudius ,antipat] ,julianus1 on ! six? day ( ! fir/ decade ( ! mon? ,poseideon1 x 0 resolv$ by ! ,c\ncil & ! ,public ,assembly ( ! ,necori 7( ,artemis7 & ,lov]s ( ,augu/us4 ,! ,ephesians mu/ h be5 pr(\ndly devot$ to ,diana's wor%ip :5 9 t age ( gross mat]ialism !y w\ld d>e to place any deity high] ?an t ( ! reign+ emp]or1 ! only god 9 :om a true ,roman really believ$2 = unreg5]ate human nature at t "t look$ at ! ?+s alone :i* are se5 & believ$ 9 no?+ else4 ,! re/ ( ! t[n-cl]k's spee* is equally des]v+ ( /udy f e po9t ( view4 ,he gives u a glimpse ( ! ,apo/le's me?od ( controv]sy3 x 0 wise1 c\rte\s1 conciliatory4 ,x did n hurt ! feel+s or outrage ! s5tim5ts ( natural rev]5ce1 :i* ought ev] to be treat$ ) ! greate/ respect1 = natural rev]5ce is a delicate plant1 & ev5 :5 direct$ t[>ds a wrong object ought to be mo/ g5tly h&l$4 ,ye h br\ght hi!r ^! m51 :i* are nei!r robb]s ( temples nor blasphem]s ( our goddess4#bad ,if !re=e ,demetrius1 & ! craftsm5 t are ) him1 h a matt] aga9/ any man1 ! c\rts are op51 & !re are proconsuls3 let !m accuse "o ano!r4 ,mod]n rese>* has ?r[n additional light ^u ^! words4 ,! ,roman sy/em ( prov9cial gov]nm5t anticipat$ ! ,engli% sy/em ( assize c\rts1 mov+ f place to place1 introduc$ by ,h5ry ,,ii4 = ! purpose ( br++ ju/ice home to e man's door4#bae ,x 0 q natural = ! proconsul ( ,asia to hold 8 c\rt at ! same "t z ! annual assembly ( ! prov9ce ( ,asia & ! great fe/ival ( ,diana4 ,! great conc\rse ( p r5d]$ su* a c\rse specially conv5i5t1 :ile ! pres5ce ( ! proconsul help$ to keep ! peace1 z1 to take a well-kn[n in/ance1 ! pres5ce ( ,pontius ,pilate at ! great annual ,pas*al fea/ at ,j]usalem secur$ ! ,romans aga9/ any sudd5 rebellion1 & also enabl$ him to disp5se ju/ice aft] ! mann] ( an assize judge1 to :i* fact we w\ld f9d an allusion 9 ! words ( ,/4 ,m>k 7xv4 #f71 ,n[ at ! fea/ he us$ to release unto !m "o prison]1 :om !y ask$ ( him4 #bad ,/4 ,paul's zeal nev] outran 8 discretion4 ,he nev] blasphem$ or spoke lightly ( ideas & names held sacr$ by 8 he>]s4 ,i rememb] 9 our local ecclesia/ical hi/ory an example ( ! opposite c\rse :i* has (t5 f\nd imitators4 ,:5 ,*>les ,wesley fir/ visit$ ,dubl9 ab\t ! ye> #agdg1 he left beh9d a zeal\s b v unwise prea*] to cont9ue 8 "w4 ,8 language 0 s viol5t t ! mob 7 r\s$ to burn 8 meet+-h\se1 :i* /ood 9 ,m>lbor\gh ,/reet ne> ! spot :]e ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,ca!dral n[ /&s4 ,he !n took 8 /& on ,oxmant[n ,gre5 9 ! nor!rn suburbs1 :]e he prea*$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,on ,*ri/mas ,day he took ! ,inc>nation z 8 subject1 & began1 z ,/4 ,paul nev] w\ld h done1 by cry+ al\d1 ,i curse & blaspheme all gods & goddesses 9 heav5 & e>?1 save ! ,babe t 0 born 9 ,be?lehem & 0 wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 :]eupon ! ,dubl9 mob ) _! ready wit 9 ! matt] ( nick-names call$ ! ,me?odi/s swaddl]s1 a title :i* has ev] s9ce /uck to !m 9 ,irel&1 & is to ?is day commonly us$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,?is seems an int]e/+ illu/ration ( ! typical "* ( ! ,acts4 #bae ,see ,preface by ,bi%op ,/ubbs to ,b5$ict ( ,pet]bor\gh1 ,ge/a ,regis ,h54 ,,ii41 t4 ii41 pp4 lxv4-lxxi4 7,rolls ,s]ies72 ,madox1 ,hi/4 ( ,ex*equ]1 pp4 #hd-if1 = an acc\nt ( ! rise ( ! ,engli% ,assize ,sy/em2 see ,le ,blant1 ,les ,actes des ,m>tyrs1 pp4 #ej-aba1 & ,m>qu>dt's ,rm4 ,/aatsv]walt1 p4 #cfe ab\t ,roman assizes4 ,!re 7 elev5 circuits 9 ,asia4 ,x has be5 said1 inde$1 t ,/4 ,luke "h puts into ! t[n-cl]k's m\? words he c\ld nev] h us$1 repres5t+ him z say+ !re are proconsuls :51 9 fact1 !re 0 nev] m ?an "o proconsul 9 ! prov9ce ( ,asia4 ,su* criticism is ( ! weake/ "*4 ,surely e man t ev] speaks 9 public kn[s t "o ( ! commone/ usages is to say !re are judges or magi/rates1 us+ ! plural :5 "o judge or magi/rate may alone be ex]cis+ jurisdiction6 ,b !re is ano!r explanation1 :i* completely solves ! difficulty & v9dicates ,/4 ,luke's m9ute accuracy4 ,?ree hundr$ ye>s ago ,john ,calv91 9 8 comm5t>y1 not$ ! difficulty1 & expla9$ x by ! supposition t ! proconsul _h appo9t$ deputies or assessors :o held ! c\rts 9 8 "n4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a m satisfactory explanation4 ,x 0 ! reign ( ,n]o1 & 8 brutal example _h begun to debau* ! (ficials ?r\gh ! prov9ces4 ,silanus1 ! proconsul ( ,asia1 0 dislik$ by ,n]o & by 8 "m z a possible c&idate = ! imp]ial cr[n1 be+ ( ! family ( ,augu/us4 ,two ( 8 subord9ates1 ,cel] & lius1 ! collectors ( ! imp]ial rev5ue 9 ,asia1 poison$ him1 & z a rew>d 7 p]mitt$ to gov]n ! prov9ce1 enjoy+ p]haps 9 common ! title ( proconsul & ex]cis+ ! jurisdiction ( ! (fice4#baf ,f9ally1 ! tone ( ! t[n-cl]k's words z he ends 8 address is ?or\ghly t ( a ,roman (ficial4 ,he feels himself responsible = ! riot1 & kn[s t he may be call$ ^u to acc\nt = x4 ,peace 0 :at ! ,roman au?orities s\ght & desir$ at all haz>ds1 & e measure :i* ?reat5$ ! peace1 or e organisation1 no matt] h[ desirable1 a fire brigade ev51 :i* might conceivably be turn$ to purposes ( political agitation1 0 /rictly disc\rag$4 #baf ,see ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 i4 #ccg1 #cch4 ,! correspond5ce ( ,pl9y ) ! ,emp]or ,trajan "s fifty ye>s or s lat] ?an ?is riot is ! be/ comm5t>y ^u ! t[n-cl]k's spee*4 ,we f9d1 = in/ance1 9 ,pl9y's ,lett]s1 ,book ,x41 ,no4 #db1 a lett] tell+ ab\t a fire :i* broke out 9 ,nicom$ia1 ! capital ( ,bi?ynia1 ( :i* prov9ce ,pl9y 0 proconsul4 ,he wrote to ! ,emp]or describ+ ! damage done1 & sugge/+ t a fire brigade numb]+ "o hundr$ & fifty m5 might be in/itut$4 ,! ,emp]or w\ld n he> ( x1 h[ev]4 ,su* clubs or societies he consid]$ dang]\s1 & s he wrote back a lett] :i* proves h[ cont9u\s 0 ,roman policy1 h[ abhorr5t to ! imp]ial au?orities 7 all volunt>y organisations :i* might be us$ = ! purposes ( public agitation3 ,y are ( op9ion t x w\ld be prop] to e/abli% a company ( fire-m5 9 ,nicom$ia1 agreeably to :at has be5 practis$ 9 sev]al o!r cities4 ,b x is to be rememb]$ t societies ( ?is sort h greatly di/urb$ ! peace ( ! prov9ce 9 g5]al & ( ^? cities 9 p>ticul>4 ,:atev] "n we give !m1 & = :atev] purposes !y may be f\nd$1 !y w n fail to =m !mselves into facti\s assemblies1 h[ev] %ort _! meet+s w be2 & s ,pl9y 0 oblig$ to devise o!r measures = ! security & welf>e ( ! cities committ$ to 8 *>ge4#bag ,! accid5tal burn+ ( a city w\ld n be attribut$ to him z a fault1 :ile ! occurr5ce ( a /reet riot might be ! beg9n+ ( a social w> :i* w\ld br+ d[n ru9 ^u ! ,empire at l>ge4 #bag ,a simil> jeal\sy ( volunt>y organisations is /ill p]petuat$ 9 ,france "u ! code ,napoleon1 :i* l>gely embodies ,roman me?ods & ideas4 ,:5 ! record] ( ,ephesus _h end$ 8 spee* he dismiss$ ! assembly1 leav+ to u a preci\s record illu/rative ( ! me?ods ( ,roman gov]nm5t1 ( ! int]ior life ( ,ephesus 9 days long gone by1 &1 above all else1 ( ! ?or\gh hone/y ( ! writ] :om ! ,holy ,_s impell$ to trace ! e>lie/ triumphs ( ! ,cross amid ! teem+ fields ( ,g5tile paganism4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,/4 ,,paul ,,& ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,m9i/ry4 ,& aft] ! upro> 0 ceas$1 ,paul hav+ s5t = ! disciples & exhort$ !m1 took leave ( !m1 & dep>t$ = to g into ,mac$onia4444 ,& ^u ! fir/ day ( ! week1 :5 we 7 ga!r$ toge!r 7at ,troas7 to break bread1 ,paul disc\rs$ ) !m1 int5d+ to dep>t on ! morr[2 & prolong$ 8 spee* until midnight4444 ,& f ,miletus he s5t to ,ephesus1 & call$ to him ! eld]s ( ! *ur*4 ,& :5 !y 7 come to him1 he said unto !m1 ,ye y\rselves "k1 f ! fir/ day ,i set foot 9 ,asia1 aft] :at mann] ,i 0 ) y all ! "t1 s]v+ ! ,"l ) all l[l9ess ( m9d1 & ) te>s4444 ,take he$ unto y\rselves1 & to all ! flock1 9 ! :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ ha? made y bi%ops1 to fe$ ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 :i* ,he pur*as$ ) ,8 own blood4--,,acts xx4 #a1 #g1 #ag-ai1 #bh4 ,! p]iod ( ,/4 ,paul's c>e] at :i* we h n[ arriv$ 0 full ( life1 vig\r1 activity4 ,he 0 9 ! v height ( 8 p[]s1 0 surr\nd$ ) responsibilities1 0 press$ ) c>es & anxieties2 & yet ! "* ( ! sacr$ n>rative is v peculi>4 ,f ! passov] ( ! ye> #eg1 soon aft] :i* ! ,apo/le _h to leave ,ephesus1 till ! passov] ( ! next ye>1 we le>n b v little ( ,/4 ,paul's "w f ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,luke4 ,! five v]ses ) :i* ! tw5tie? *apt] beg9s tell u all t ,/4 ,luke app>5tly knew ab\t ! ,apo/le's actions dur+ t "t4 ,he gives u ! /ory ( a m]e outsid]1 :o knew next to no?+ ( ! "w ,/4 ,paul 0 do+4 ,! ,apo/le left ,ephesus & w5t into ,mac$onia1 :5ce he dep>t$ into ,greece4 ,?ree mon?s 7 occupi$ 9 tea*+ at ,cor9?1 & !n1 int5d+ to sail f ,c5*re to ,ephesus1 he sudd5ly *ang$ 8 m9d ^u ! discov]y ( a ,jewi% plot1 alt]$ 8 r\te1 disappo9t$ 8 foes1 & paid a second visit to ,mac$onia4 ,9 ?is n>rative1 :i* is all ,/4 ,luke gives1 we h ! acc\nt1 brief & concise1 ( "o :o 0 acqua9t$ m]ely ) ! b>e outl9es ( ! ,apo/le's "w1 & knew no?+ ( 8 inn] life & trials4 ,/4 ,luke1 9 fact1 0 s mu* tak5 up ) 8 own duties at ,philippi1 :]e he _h be5 lab\r+ = ! previ\s five ye>s1 t he _h no "t to ?9k ( :at 0 go+ on else:]e4 ,at any rate 8 fri5d & pupil ,!ophilus _h simply ask$ him = a n>rative s f> z he knew x ( ! progress ( ! gospel4 ,he _h no idea t he 0 writ+ any?+ m ?an a /ory = ! private use ( ,!ophilus1 & he !re=e put d[n :at he knew & _h exp]i5c$1 )\t tr\bl+ himself conc]n+ o!r matt]s4 ,i h read criticisms ( ! ,acts--proce$+ pr9cipally1 ,i mu/ confess1 f ,g]man s\rces--:i* seem to proce$ on ! supposition t ,/4 ,luke 0 consci\sly writ+ an ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( ! :ole e>ly ,*ur* :i* he knew & felt 0 de/9$ to s]ve = ages4#bah ,b ?is 0 evid5tly n ! case4 ,/4 ,luke 0 consci\sly writ+ a /ory m]ely = a fri5d's /udy1 & dreamt n ( ! wid] fame & use de/9$ = 8 book4 ,?is acc\nts 9 a simple & natural way1 n only = :at ,/4 ,luke ins]ts1 b also = :at he leaves out1 & he manife/ly left out a great deal4 ,we may take ?is passage at :i* we h n[ arriv$ z an illu/ration ( 8 me?ods ( writ+ sacr$ hi/ory4 ,?is p]iod ( t5 mon?s1 f ! "t ,/4 ,paul left ,ephesus till he return$ to ,philippi at ! foll[+ ,ea/] season1 0 fill$ ) mo/ important lab\rs :i* h borne fruit unto all ages ( ! ,*ur*1 yet ,/4 ,luke dismisses !m 9 a few words4 ,j let u realise :at happ5$ 9 ^! ev5tful mon?s4 ,/4 ,paul wrote ,fir/ ,cor9?ians 9 ,april ,a4,d4 #eg4 ,9 ,may he pass$ to ,troas1 :]e1 z we le>n f ,second ,cor9?ians1 he lab\r$ = a %ort "t ) mu* success4 ,he !n pass$ into ,mac$onia1 urg$ on by 8 re/less anxiety conc]n+ ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur*4 ,9 ,mac$onia he lab\r$ dur+ ! foll[+ five or six mon?s4 ,h[ int5se & absorb+ mu/ h be5 8 "w dur+ t "t6 ,x 0 !n t he prea*$ ! gospel ) signs & wond]s r\nd ab\t ev5 unto ,illyricum1 z he notes 9 ,romans xvi4 #ai1 an epi/le writt5 ?is v ye> f ,cor9?4 ,! la/ "t t he _h be5 9 ,mac$onia he 0 a hunt$ fugitive flee+ f place to place4 ,n[ he seems to h liv$ 9 comp>ative peace1 s f> at lea/ z ! ,jewi% synagogues 7 conc]n$4 ,he p5etrat$1 !re=e1 into ! m\nta9\s di/ricts we/ ( ,b]a1 be>+ ! gospel tid+s into cities & villages :i* _h z yet he>d no?+ ( !m4 ,b prea*+ 0 n 8 only "w 9 ,mac$onia4 ,he _h writt5 8 fir/ ,epi/le to ,cor9? f ,ephesus a few mon?s be=e4 ,9 ,mac$onia he receiv$ f ,titus1 8 mess5g]1 an acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* t epi/le _h be5 receiv$1 & s f ,mac$onia he despat*$ 8 second ,cor9?ian ,epi/le1 :i* mu/ be c>efully /udi$ if we desire to get an adequate idea ( ! lab\rs & anxieties amid :i* ! ,apo/le 0 !n imm]s$ 7see #b ,cor4 ii4 #ac1 & vii4 #e & #f74 ,& !n he pass$ into ,greece1 :]e he sp5t ?ree mon?s at ,cor9?1 settl+ ! affairs ( t v celebrat$ b v disord]ly ,*ri/ian community4 ,! ?ree mon?s sp5t !re mu/ h be5 a p]iod ( ov]:elm+ bus9ess4 ,let u rec\nt ! subjects :i* mu/ h tak5 up e mom5t ( ,/4 ,paul's "t4 ,fir/ !re 7 ! affairs ( ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur* itself4 ,he _h to reprove1 com=t1 direct1 set 9 ord]4 ,! :ole moral1 spiritual1 social1 intellectual conceptions ( ,cor9? _h gone wrong4 ,!re 0 n a "q1 f ! mo/ elem5t>y topic ( morals & ! social consid]ations connect$ ) female dress & activities1 to ! mo/ solemn po9ts ( doctr9e & wor%ip1 ! ,resurrection & ! ,holy ,communion1 conc]n+ :i* difficulties1 disord]s1 & diss5sions _h n be5 rais$4 ,all ^! _h to be inve/igat$ & decid$ by ! ,apo/le4 ,!n1 aga91 ! ,jewi% controv]sy1 & ! oppositions to himself p]sonally :i* ! ,judais+ p>ty _h excit$1 dem&$ 8 c>eful att5tion4 ,?is controv]sy 0 a tr\blesome "o 9 ,cor9? j !n1 b x 0 a /ill m tr\blesome "o 9 ,galatia1 & 0 fa/ rais+ its head 9 ,rome4 ,! affairs ( bo? ^! great & important *ur*es1 ! "o 9 ! ,ea/1 ! o!r 9 ! ,we/1 7 press+ ^u ,/4 ,paul at ?is v "t4 ,:ile he 0 imm]s$ 9 all ! local tr\bles ( ,cor9?1 he _h to f9d "t at ,cor9? to write ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians & ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,h[ h>d x mu/ h be5 = ! ,apo/le to conc5trate 8 att5tion on ! affairs ( ,cor9? :5 8 he>t & bra9 7 torn ) anxieties ab\t ! s*isms1 divisions1 & false doctr9es :i* 7 fl\ri%+ among 8 ,galatian conv]ts1 or ?reat5+ to invade ! ,*ur* at ,rome1 :]e z yet he _h n be5 able to set =? 8 own conception ( gospel tru?1 & ?us =tify ! disciples aga9/ ! attacks ( ^? subtle foes ( ,*ri/ :o 7 do+ _! be/ to turn ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* into a m]e n>r[ ,jewi% sect1 devoid ( all spiritual p[] & life4 ,b ?is 0 n all1 or ne>ly all4 ,/4 ,paul 0 at ! same "t engag$ 9 organis+ a great collection ?r\gh\t all ! *ur*es :]e he _h m9i/]$ on behalf ( ! poor ,*ri/ians at ,j]usalem1 & he 0 compell$ to walk mo/ w>ily & c>efully 9 ?is matt]4 ,e /ep he took 0 wat*$ by foes ready to int]pret x unfav\rably2 e appo9tm5t he made1 e arrangem5t1 no matt] h[ wise or prud5t1 0 ! subject ( ke5e/ scrut9y & criticism4 ,) all ^! v>i\s matt]s accumulat+ ^u him x is no wond] t ,/4 ,paul %\ld h writt5 ( himself at ?is v p]iod 9 words :i* vividly describe 8 di/ractions3 ,beside ^? ?+s t are )\t1 !re is t :i* presse? ^u me daily1 ! c>e ( all ! *ur*es4 ,& yet ,/4 ,paul gives u a glimpse ( ! greatness ( 8 s\l z we read ! epi/les :i* 7 ! outcome ( ?is p]iod ( int5se b fruitful lab\r4 ,he c>ri$ a mighty load1 b yet he c>ri$ x lightly4 ,8 pres5t anxieties 7 num]\s1 b !y did n %ut out all ?\ghts ^u o!r topics4 ,! busie/ man !n 0 j ! same z ! busie/ man /ill4 ,he 0 ! man :o _h ! mo/ "t & leisure to be/[ ?\ght ^u ! future4 ,! anxieties & worries ( ! pres5t 7 num]\s & exact+1 b ,/4 ,paul did n all[ 8 m9d to be s swall[$ up 9 !m z to %ut out all c>e ab\t o!r que/ions equally important4 ,:ile he 0 engag$ 9 ! manifold c>es :i* pres5t controv]sies br\ght1 he 0 all ! :ile m$itat+ a mission to ,rome1 & contemplat+ a j\rney /ill f>!r to ,spa9 & ,gaul1#bai & ! b\nds ( ! ,we/]n ocean4 ,& !n1 f9ally1 !re 0 ! c>e ( ,/4 ,paul's own s\l1 ! su/5ance & developm5t ( 8 _s by pray] & m$itation & wor%ip & read+1 :i* he nev] neglect$ "u any circum/ances4 ,all ^! ?+s comb9$ mu/ h r5d]$ ?is p]iod ( close ^u twelve mon?s "o ( ! ,apo/le's busie/ & int5se/ times1 & yet ,/4 ,luke disposes ( x 9 a few brief v]ses ( ?is tw5tie? *apt]4 #bah ,i d n wi% to decry ! indu/ry & le>n+ ( ,g]man critics1 to :om ,i owe mu*1 z my v>i\s ref]5ces %[2 b ,i am always suspici\s ( _! hi/orical conclusions1 simply because !y are pure /ud5ts1 & are !re=e ignorant ( life & m54 ,! m indu/ri\s & seclud$ a life a man may lead1 s mu* ! m ignorant ( ! practical _w a man becomes1 & s mu* ! m unfitt$ to be a real hi/orian1 :o mu/ "k m5 z well z books4 ,hi/ory is a picture ( real life 9 ! pa/1 & to pa9t x a man mu/ "k real life 9 ! pres5t4 ,z well might we set an academic sci5ti/ :o reg>d$ all l9es z /raight & all b>s z rigid to build ! ,=? ,bridge1 z set a man :o kn[s no?+ ( human nature & h[ x acts "u ! /ress ( practical affairs to write ! /ory ( human life two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,we may take & use ,g]man inve/igations1 b we %\ld apply ,engli% common s5se & exp]i5ce to te/ ,g]man conclusions4 ,?is rule is1 ,i fe>1 too mu* =gott5 9 a great deal ( ! lit]ature t is n[ be+ pawn$ (f ^u ! ,engli% _w 9 ! "n ( criticism4 ,surely ! fate ( ,baur's !ories ought to be a w>n+ to all "y m5 aga9/ swall[+ z ! late/ results ( s*ol>%ip ev]y?+ t comes clo!d 9 ! ,g]man language6 ,! ,engli% nation has a reputation = solid common s5se4 ,:at fools ! ,g]mans w\ld be did !y take ev]y?+ ,engli% z full ( common s5se because pr9t$ 9 our language6 #bai ,i say to ,gaul1 because ,i take x t he w\ld h sail$ to ,m>seilles1 :i* 0 !n ! great port ( communication ) ,asia ,m9or1 z we h not$ above1 pp4 #cgb-gd1 :5 treat+ ( ! wor%ip ( ,diana & its ext5sion f ! ,ea/ to ,m>seilles4 ,aft] ,/4 ,paul's /ay at ,cor9?1 he det]m9$ to proce$ to ,j]usalem accord+ to 8 pr$et]m9$ plan1 br++ ) him ! proce$s ( ! collection :i* he _h made4 ,he wi%$ to g by sea1 z he _h done "s ?ree ye>s be=e1 sail+ f ,c5*re direct to ,syria4 ,! ,jews ( ,cor9?1 h[ev]1 7 z ho/ile z ev]1 & s !y hat*$ a plot to murd] him be=e 8 emb>kation4 ,/4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 hav+ le>n$ _! designs1 sudd5ly *ang$ 8 r\te1 & took 8 j\rney by l& ?r\gh ,mac$onia1 visit+ once m 8 =m] conv]ts1 & t>ry+ to keep ! passov] at ,philippi ) ! little company ( ,*ri/ian ,jews :o !re resid$4 ,?is circum/ance ?r[s light ^u v]ses #d & #e ( ?is tw5tie? *apt]1 :i* run ?us3 ,!re accompani$ him z f> z ,asia ,sopat] ( ,b]a1 ! son ( ,pyrrhus2 & ( ! ,!ssalonians1 ,ari/>*us & ,secundus2 & ,gaius ( ,d]be1 & ,timo?y2 & ( ,asia1 ,ty*icus & ,trophimus4 ,b ^! _h gone be=e1 & 7 wait+ = u at ,troas4 ,/4 ,paul came to ,philippi1 f\nd ,/4 ,luke !re1 celebrat$ ! passov]1 & !n sail$ away ) ,/4 ,luke to jo9 ! company :o _h gone be=e4 ,& !y _h gone be=e = a v good reason4 ,!y 7 all1 except ,timo?y1 ,g5tile ,*ri/ians1 p]sons !re=e :o1 unlike ,/4 ,paul1 _h no?+ to d ) ! national rites & cu/oms ( born ,jews1 & :o might be mu* m pr(itably ex]cis$ 9 work+ among ! ,g5tile conv]ts at ,troas1 free f any dang] ( ei!r giv+ or tak+ (f5ce 9 connexion ) ! passov]1 a lively in/ance ( :i* dang] ,trophimus1 "o ( _! numb]1 subsequ5tly af=d$ 9 ,j]usalem1 :5 8 pres5ce alone 9 ,/4 ,paul's company caus$ ! spread ( a rum\r :i* rais$ ! riot s fatal to ,/4 ,paul's lib]ty3 ,= !y _h se5 ) him 9 ! city ,trophimus ! ,ephesian1 :om !y suppos$ t ,paul _h br\ght into ! temple 7xxi4 #bi74 ,?is incid5t1 toge!r ) ,/4 ,paul's conduct at ,j]usalem z told 9 ! tw5ty-six? v]se ( ! tw5ty-fir/ *apt] illu/rates vividly ,/4 ,paul's view ( ! ,jewi% law & ,jewi% rites & c]emonies4 ,!y 7 = ,jews national c]emonies4 ,!y _h a mean+ = !m4 ,!y commemorat$ c]ta9 national deliv]ances1 & z su* might be lawfully us$4 ,/4 ,paul himself c\ld eat ! passov] & *]i% ! feel+s ( a ,jew1 he>tily ?ankful to ,god = ! deliv]ance f ,egypt wr\ght out ?r\gh ,moses c5turies ago = 8 ance/ors1 & 8 m9d c\ld !n g on & rejoice ov] a great] deliv]ance /ill wr\ght out at ?is same pas*al season by a great] ?an ,moses4 ,/4 ,paul op5ly proclaim$ ! lawfulness ( ! ,jewi% rites = ,jews1 b oppos$ _! imposition ^u ! ,g5tiles4 ,he reg>d$ !m z tol]abiles inepti1 & !re=e obs]v$ !m to please 8 weak] bre?r52 b s5t 8 ,g5tile conv]ts on be=e1 le/ p]haps ! sight ( 8 own example might weak5 _! fai? & lead !m to a compliance ) t ,judais+ p>ty :o 7 ev] ready to avail !mselves ( any opportunity to weak5 ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ & au?ority4 ,/4 ,paul always /rove to unite wisdom & prud5ce ) fai?fulness to pr9ciple le/ by any means 8 lab\r %\ld be 9 va94 ,/4 ,luke n[ jo9$ ,/4 ,paul at ,philippi1 & h5ce=? gives 8 own acc\nt ( :at happ5$ on ?is ev5tful j\rney4 ,f ,philippi !y cross$ to ,troas4 ,x 0 ! spr+-"t1 & ! wea!r 0 m boi/]\s ?an lat] 9 ! ye>1 & s ! voyage took five days to accompli%1 :ile two days _h suffic$ on a previ\s occasion4 ,!y came to ,troas1 & !re rema9$ = a week1 ow+ d\btless to ! exig5cies ( ! %ip & its c>go4 ,on ! fir/ day ( ! week ,/4 ,paul assembl$ ! ,*ur* = wor%ip4 ,! meet+ 0 held on :at we %\ld call ,saturday ev5+2 b we mu/ rememb] t ! ,jewi% fir/ day began f sund[n on ,saturday or ! ,sabba?4#bbj ,?is is ! fir/ notice 9 ! ,acts ( ! obs]vance ( ! ,"l's day z ! "t ( special ,*ri/ian wor%ip4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 e>li] notices ( ! fir/ day 9 connexion ) ,*ri/ian obs]vances4 ,! apo/les1 = in/ance1 met toge!r on ! fir/ day1 z we are told 9 ,john xx4 #ai1 & aga9 eight days aft]1 z ! tw5ty-six? v]se ( ! same *apt] tells4 ,/4 ,paul's fir/ ,epi/le to ,cor9? 0 writt5 twelve mon?s e>li] ?an ?is visit to ,troas1 & x expressly m5tions 7*4 xvi4 #b7 ! fir/ day ( ! week z ! "t ord]$ by ,/4 ,paul = ! sett+ ap>t ( ! ,galatian contribution to ! collection = ! poor sa9ts at ,j]usalem2 & s "h aga9 at ,troas we see t ! ,asiatic ,*ri/ians obs]v$ ! same solemn "t = wor%ip & ! celebration ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,su* glimpses--*ance notices1 we might call !m1 7 !re n a high] ,provid5ce wat*+ ov] ! unconsci\s writ]--%[ u h[ little we c conclude f m]e sil5ce ab\t ! ritual1 wor%ip1 & gov]nm5t ( ! ,apo/olic ,*ur*1#bba & illu/rate ! va/ importance ( /udy+ c>efully ! extant records ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ! second c5tury if we wi% to ga9 fre% light ^u ! hi/ory & cu/oms ( ! apo/olic age4 ,if ?ree or f\r brief texts 7 blott$ out ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x w\ld be q possible to argue f sil5ce m]ely t ! apo/les & _! imm$iate foll[]s did n obs]ve ! ,"l's ,day 9 any way :atsoev]1 & t ! cu/om ( /at$ wor%ip & solemn eu*>i/ic celebrations on t day 7 a corruption introduc$ 9 po/-apo/olic times4 ,! be/ int]pret]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are1 z ,john ,wesley long ago well po9t$ out 9 8 preface to 8 celebrat$ b n[ almo/ unkn[n ,*ri/ian ,libr>y1 ! apo/olic fa!rs & ! writ]s ( ! age next foll[+ ! apo/les4#bbb ,we may take x = a c]ta9 rule ( int]pretation t1 :5ev] we f9d a widely e/abli%$ practice or cu/om m5tion$ 9 ! writ+s ( a ,*ri/ian au?or ( ! second c5tury1 x orig9at$ 9 apo/olic times4 ,x 0 only natural t ?is %\ld h be5 ! case4 ,we are all incl9$ to v5]ate ! pa/1 & to cry x up z ! gold5 age4 ,n[ ?is t5d5cy mu/ h be5 int5sifi$ t5fold 9 ! case ( ! ,*ri/ians ( ! second c5tury4 ,! fir/ c5tury 0 ! "t ( our ,"l & ! age ( ! apo/les4 ,sacr$ memories clu/]$ ?ick r\nd x1 & e c]emony & rite :i* came f t "t mu/ h be5 pr(\ndly rev]5c$1 :ile e new c]emony or cu/om mu/ h be5 rudely *all5g$1 & its au?or ke5ly scrut9is$ z "o :o presumptu\sly ?\ght he c\ld improve ^u ! wisdom ( m5 inspir$ by ! ,holy ,gho/ & miracul\sly gift$ by ,god4 ,x is = ?is reason we reg>d ! second-c5tury doctors & apologi/s z ! be/ comm5t>y ^u ! sacr$ writ]s1 because 9 !m we see ! ,*ur* ( ! apo/olic age liv+1 act+1 display+ itself amid ! circum/ances & sc5es ( actual life4 #bbj ,!re is to ?is day a trace ( ?is cu/om 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray] 9 ! rubric :i* prescribes t ! collect = ,sunday %all be said on ,saturday ev5+4 ,9 colleges1 too1 accord+ to ,ar*bi%op ,laud's rules1 surplices are worn on ,saturday ev5+s z well z on ,sundays4 #bba ,see above1 pp4 #cdb & #cfa1 :]e ,i h po9t$ out ! dang]\s "* ( ! argum5t f m]e sil5ce4 ,i may p]haps recur to ! example ( ,mey]1 ! em95t textual critic1 to illu/rate my view ( ,g]man critics /at$ 9 my fir/ note to ?is *apt]1 p4 #chf above4 ,mey] is an exhau/ive textual critic1 b z soon z he v5tures on ! region ( hi/ory he falls into ?is trap1 & concludes f ! argum5t ( sil5ce t ,apollos 0 nev] baptiz$ ) ,*ri/ian baptism because he 0 s clev] & spiritually enlight5$ t he did n ne$ x4 ,b1 !n1 h[ does he acc\nt = ! case ( ,/4 ,paul8 ,0 ,apollos sup]ior to ,/4 ,paul8 ,& yet he 0 baptiz$4 ,b ! illu/rations ( ! fallacies ( ?is me?od ( argum5tation w\ld be endless4 ,if ! argum5t ( sil5ce is suffici5t to prove a negative1 :at are we to d ) female communicants8 ,!re is n a s+le in/ance ( !m 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is "h1 h[ev]1 t ! /udy ( ! second-c5tury writ]s is s valuable z illu/rat+ ! sil5ce ( ! fir/4 ,see my note on p4 #cdb above4 #bbb ,! ,*ri/ian libr>y 0 a s]ies ( fifty volumes :i* ,wesley publi%$ = ! use ( 8 foll[]s4 ,!y 7 begun 9 #agdi & complet$ 9 #agee4 ,! op5+ volume conta9s1 #a4 ,! ,epi/les ( ! apo/olical fa!rs ,clem5t1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p1 :om he believ$ to be endu$ ) ! extraord9>y assi/ance ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & ^: writ+s1 ?\gh n ( equal au?ority ) ! ,holy ,scriptures1 are wor?y ( a mu* great] respect ?an any composures t h be5 made s9ce4 #b4 ,! m>tyrdoms ( ,ignatius & ,polyc>p4 #c4 ,an extract f ! ,homilies ( ,mac>ius1 born ab\t ! ye> #cja4 ,see ,ty]man's ,life ( ,wesley1 ii4 #be1 #fe-fg4 ,j let u take z an illu/ration ! case ( ?is obs]vance ( ! fir/ day ( ! week4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les tells u b v little ab\t x1 simply because !re is b little occasion to m5tion :at mu/ h seem$ to ,/4 ,luke "o ( ! commone/ & be/-kn[n facts4 ,b ,ju/9 ,m>tyr "s eighty ye>s lat] 0 describ+ ,*ri/ianity = ! ,roman ,emp]or4 ,he 0 def5d+ x aga9/ ! outrage\s & immoral *>ges br\ght aga9/ x1 & depict+ ! purity1 ! innoc5cy1 & simplicity ( its sacr$ rites4 ,among o!r subjects dealt )1 he t\*es ^u ! "t :5 ,*ri/ians (f]$ up =mal & /at$ wor%ip4 ,x 0 absolutely necess>y !re=e = him to treat ( ! subject ( ! ,"l's ,day4 ,9 ! sixty-sev5? *apt] ( ,ju/9's ,fir/ ,apology1 we f9d him describ+ ! ,*ri/ian weekly fe/ival 9 words :i* ?r[ back an int]e/+ light ^u ! language ( ,/4 ,luke t\*+ ! ,"l's ,day :i* ,/4 ,paul pass$ at ,troas4 ,ju/9 writes ?us on ?is topic3 ,^u ! day call$ ,sunday all :o live 9 cities or 9 ! c\ntry ga!r toge!r unto "o place1 & ! memoirs ( ! apo/les or ! writ+s ( ! prophets are read1 z long z "t p]mits2 !n1 :5 ! read] has ceas$1 ! presid5t v]bally in/ructs1 & exhorts to ! imitation ( ^! good ?+s4 ,!n we all rise toge!r & pray1 & z we be=e said1 :5 our pray] is end$1 bread & w9e & wat] are br\ght1 & ! presid5t 9 l mann] (f]s pray]s & ?anksgiv+s accord+ to 8 ability1 & ! p ass5t1 say+ ,am52#bbc & !re is a di/ribution to ea*1 & a p>ticipation ( t ov] :i* ?anks h be5 giv51 & to ^? :o are abs5t a portion is s5t by ! deacons4 ,& ^? :o are well to d & will+1 give :at ea* ?9ks fit2 & :at is collect$ is deposit$ ) ! presid5t1 :o succ\rs ! orphans & wid[s1 & ^? :o ?r\gh sickness or any o!r cause are 9 want1 & ^? :o are 9 bonds1 & ! /rang]s soj\rn+ among u1 & 9 a ^w takes c>e ( all :o are 9 ne$4 ,b ,sunday is ! day on :i* we all hold our common assembly1 because x is ! fir/ day on :i* ,god1 hav+ wr\ght a *ange 9 ! d>kness & matt]1 made ! _w2 & ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,savi\r on ! same day rose f ! dead4 ,?is passage gives u a full acc\nt ( ,*ri/ian cu/oms 9 ! fir/ half ( ! second c5tury1 :5 ?\s&s mu/ h be5 /ill alive :o rememb]$ ! times ( ! apo/les1 enabl+ u to realise :at mu/ h be5 ! "* ( ! assembly & ( ! wor%ip 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul play$ a lead+ "p at ,troas4#bbd #bbc ,"h we h an illu/ration ( #a ,cor4 xiv4 #af3 ,else if ?\ bless ) ! ,_s1 h[ %all he t fille? ! place ( ! unle>n$ say ! ,am5 at ! giv+ ( ?anks1 see+ he und]/&e? n :at ?\ saye/8 ,see also *4 lxv4 ( ,ju/9's same ,apology = ano!r ref]5ce to ! ,am51 & cf4 ,apo/4 ,con/itutions1 viii4 #aj2 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,cat41 *4 v42 ,euseb41 ,h4 ,e41 vi4 #dc & vii4 #i2 ,ambros4 ,de ,sacram5t41 iv4 #d2 ,j]om41 ,epi/41 #fb2 ,*ryso/41 ,hom41 xxxv4 on #a/ ,cor42 ,b+ham's ,antiqq41 ,,xv4 iii4 #bf2 & ! article on ,am5 9 ! fir/ volume ( ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiqq4 ,! prec$+ *apt]s ( ,ju/9's ,apology1 lxv4 & lxvi41 are full ( in=mation4 ,!y expressly /ate t 9 ! ,primitive ,*ur* no unbaptiz$ p]son 0 all[$ to communicate1 an elem5t>y po9t ( ,*ri/ian practice ab\t :i* "s p]sons & "s ,*ri/ian societies seem at pres5t v unc]ta94 ,hook]'s words1 ,eccles4 ,pol41 ,book ,v4 *4 lxvii41 are v cle> on ?is topic4 #bbd ,! cont9u\s "*1 ! /rong cons]vatism ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur* receives an int]e/+ illu/ration f ! hi/ory ( ! ,sabba? z di/+ui%$ f ! ,"l's ,day4 ,! ,jewi% ,*ur* gave ! outw>d =m to ,*ri/ianity2 & ?\gh ,*ri/ianity p>t$ company ) ,judaism by ! end ( ! fir/ c5tury1 yet ! sacr$ "* ( ! ,sabba? 0 /ill p]petuat$ among ! ,g5tiles not)/&+ ,/4 ,paul's /rong language 9 ,galatians & ,colossians4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ! ,sabba? 0 obs]v$ 9 _m places 9 ! same mann] z ! ,"l's ,day4 ,/4 ,a?anasius says3 ,we meet on ! ,sabba?1 n inde$ be+ infect$ ) ,judaism1 b to wor%ip ,jesus1 ! ,"l ( ! ,sabba?4 ,timo?y1 "o ( 8 successors at ,alex&ria1 says t ! ,holy ,communion 0 adm9i/]$ on ! ,sabba? z on ! ,"l's ,day1 & t ^! two 7 ! only days on :i* x 0 celebrat$ 9 t city4 ,9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om ! two great weekly fe/ivals 7 ! ,sabba? & ! ,"l's ,day4 ,x 0 ! same 9 ! fif? c5tury 9 ! ,egyptian mona/]ies1 :]e ! s]vices = ,saturday & ,sunday 7 exactly ! same4 ,see a full acc\nt ( ?is matt] 9 ,b+ham's ,antiquities1 ,book ,,xiii4 *4 ix4 sec4 iii4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a diff]5ce betwe5 ! celebration at ,troas & ! celebrations ( :i* ,ju/9 ,m>tyr speaks1 ?\gh we le>n n ( ?is diff]5ce f ,ju/9 himself1 b f ,pl9y's lett] to ,trajan1 conc]n+ :i* we h (t5 spok54 ,/4 ,paul met ! ,*ri/ians ( ,troas 9 ! ev5+1 & celebrat$ ! ,holy ,communion ) !m ab\t midnight4 ,x 0 ! fir/ day ( ! week accord+ to ,jewi% computation1 ?\gh x 0 :at we %\ld call ,saturday ev5+4 ,! %ip 9 :i* ! apo/olic company 0 travell+ 0 ab\t to sail on ! morr[1 & s ,/4 ,paul gladly jo9$ ! local *ur* 9 its weekly break+ ( bread4 ,x 0 exactly ! same "h at ,troas z report$ by ,/4 ,luke1 z x 0 at ,cor9? :]e ! ev5+ celebrations 7 turn$ into occasions ( gluttony & o/5tation1 z ,/4 ,paul tells u 9 ! elev5? ( ,fir/ ,cor9?ians4 ,! ,*ri/ians evid5tly met at ?is "t 9 ! ev5+ to celebrate ! ,"l's ,supp]4 ,x has be5 (t5 ?\ght t ,/4 ,paul1 hav+ ref]r$ j twelve mon?s be=e 9 ! ,fir/ ,cor9?ian ,epi/le to ! gross abuses connect$ ) ! ev5+ celebrations at ,cor9?1 & hav+ promis$ to set ! abuses ( ,cor9? 9 ord] :5 he visit$ t *ur*1 did actually *ange ! "t ( ! celebration ( ,holy ,communion f ! ev5+ to ! morn+1 :5 he sp5t ! ?ree mon?s !re ( :i* ?is *apt] speaks4#bbe ,p]haps he did make ! *ange1 b we h no in=mation on ! po9t2 & if he did make ! *ange = ,cor9?1 x is evid5t t he did n int5d to impose x z a rule ^u ! :ole ,*ri/ian ,*ur* :5 a few weeks aft] leav+ ,cor9? he celebrat$ ! ,"l's ,supp] at ,troas 9 ! ev5+4 ,by ! second c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! *ange _h be5 made4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr inde$ does n give a h9t z to ! "t :5 ,holy ,communion 0 adm9i/]$ 9 ! passages to :i* we h ref]r$4 ,he tells u t none b baptiz$ p]sons 7 admitt$ to p>take ( x1 b gives u no m9or details4 ,pl9y1 h[ev]1 writ+ ( ! /ate ( affairs 9 ,bi?ynia1--& x bord]$ ^u ! prov9ce :]e ,troas 0 situat$1--tells u f ! confession extract$ out ( apo/ate ,*ri/ians t ! :ole ( _! fault lay 9 ?is1 t !y 7 wont to meet toge!r on a /at$ day1 be=e x 0 light1 & s+ among !mselves alt]nately a hymn to ,*ri/ z ,god1 & to b9d !mselves by a sacram5t 7or oa?7 n to ! commission ( any wick$ness1 b n to be guilty ( !ft or robb]y or adult]y4 ,aft] ?is e>ly s]vice !y !n sep>at$1 & assembl$ aga9 9 ! ev5+ to p>take ( a common meal4 ,! ,agape or ,love-,fea/ 0 unit$ ) ! ,holy ,communion 9 ,/4 ,paul's day4 ,exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 %[$ t su* a union mu/ lead to grave abuses1 & s 9 t f9al consolidation :i* ! ,*ur* receiv$ dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( ! fir/ c5tury1 :5 ! ,"l's ,second ,com+ 0 se5 to be n s imm$iate z "s at fir/ expect$1 ! two in/itutions 7 divid$2 ! ,holy ,communion be+ appo9t$ z ! e>ly morn+ s]vice ( ! ,"l's ,day1 :ile ! ,agape 0 left 9 its orig9al position z an ev5+ meal4 ,& s h matt]s cont9u$ ev] s9ce4 ,! ,agape inde$ has almo/ di$ out4 ,a trace ( x p]haps rema9s 9 ! bless$ bread di/ribut$ 9 ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es on ! ,cont95t2 :ile aga9 ! love-fea/s in/itut$ by ,john ,wesley & cont9u$ among 8 foll[]s 7 an av[$ imitation ( ?is primitive in/itution4 ,! ,agape cont9u$ inde$ 9 vigor\s exi/5ce = c5turies1 b x 0 almo/ always f\nd associat$ ) grave abuses4 ,x might h be5 innoc5t & useful s long z ,*ri/ian love cont9u$ to burn ) ! f]v\r ( apo/olic days1 ?\gh ev5 !n1 z ,cor9? %[$1 !re 7 lurk+ dang]s 9 x2 b :5 we rea* ! f\r? & fif? c5turies we f9d c\ncil aft] c\ncil d5\nc+ ! evils ( ! ,agape1 & re/rict+ its celebration ) su* effect t dur+ ! ,middle ,ages x ceas$ to exi/ z a di/9ctive ,*ri/ian ord9ance4#bbf ,! *ange ( ! ,holy ,communion to ! e>li] portion ( ! day took almo/ univ]sal effect1 & t f ! e>lie/ times4 ,t]tullian 7,de ,corona1 iii47 te/ifies t 9 8 "t ! ,eu*>i/ 0 receiv$ be=e daybreak1 ?\gh ,*ri/ _h in/itut$ x at a meal-"t4 ,cyprian witnesses to ! same usage 9 8 sixty-?ird ,epi/le1 :]e he speaks ( ,*ri/ z in/itut+ ! ,sacram5t 9 ! ev5+1 t ! v h\r ( ! sacrifice might intimate ! ev5+ ( ! _w1 b !n describes himself z celebrat+ ! resurrection ( ! ,"l 9 ! morn+4#bbg ,/4 ,augu/9e1 z quot$ above1 writ+ ab\t #djj1 speaks ( fa/+ communion z ! g5]al rule2 s g5]al1 inde$1 t he reg>ds x z hav+ come d[n f apo/olic appo9tm5t4 ,at ! same "t ,/4 ,augu/9e recognises ! "t ( its orig9al in/itution1 & m5tions ! cu/om ( ! ,african ,*ur* :i* once a ye> _h an ev5+ communion on ,?ursday be=e ,ea/] 9 remembrance ( ! ,la/ ,supp] & ( our ,"l's action 9 connection ) x4 ,my own feel+ on ! matt] is1 t e>ly fa/+ communion :5 !re is heal? & /r5g? is f> ! mo/ edify+4 ,!re is an elem5t ( self-d5ial ab\t x1 & ! m real self-d5ial !re is ab\t our wor%ip ! m bless$ w t wor%ip be4 ,a wor%ip t co/s no?+ 9 m9d1 body1 or e/ate is b a v poor ?+ to (f] unto ! ,"l ( ! univ]se4 ,b !re is no gr\nd ei!r 9 ,holy ,scripture or ! hi/ory ( ! primitive ,*ur* ju/ify+ an attempt to put a yoke on ! neck ( ! disciples :i* !y _c be> & to tea* t fa/+ communion is b9d+ ^u all ,*ri/ians4 ,/4 ,augu/9e speaks mo/ /rongly 9 a passage we h already ref]r$ to 7,epi/4 cxviii41 ,ad ,janu>47 ab\t ! b5efit ( fa/+ communion2 b he admits ! lawfulness ( non-fa/+ p>ticipation1 z does also t great ,greek div9e ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 :o quotes ! examples ( ,/4 ,paul & ( our ,"l ,himself 9 ju/ification ( su* a c\rse4#bbh #bbe ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 ,epi/41 cxviii41 ,ad ,janu>41 cc4 vi4 vii41 0 "o ( ! fir/ to sugge/ ?is idea4 ,! passage is quot$ by ,b+ham1 ,antiqq41 ,,xv4 vii4 #h4 #bbf ,see ! exhau/ive article on ,agap 9 ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiqq41 vol4 i41 p4 #ci4 #bbg ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians celebrat$ ! ,holy ,communion 9 memory ( ,*ri/'s resurrection z mu* z 9 memory ( ,8 dea?4 ,! resurrection ( ,*ri/ 01 9 fact1 ! c5tral po9t ( _! belief & ?\ght4 ,?is alone w\ld h conduc$ to ! practice ( e>ly morn+ communion1 ev5 be=e day1 inasmu* z x 0 at t "t ! resurrection took place4 ,cf4 ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiqq41 vol4 i41 p4 #dai1 on ! h\rs ( celebration ( ! ,holy ,communion4 ,on p4 #da ( ! same volume ! writ] ( ! article on ! ,agap makes an extraord9>y /atem5t t x 0 only at ! ?ird ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age1 ,a4,d4 #cia1 t ! "t ( ,eu*>i/ic celebration 0 *ang$ to ! morn+1 & t !n ! ,agape 0 fir/ sep>at$ f ! ,holy ,communion4 ,! *ange & ! sep>ation _h tak5 place 9 ,pl9y's "t1 z ,i h already %[n4 #bbh ,?is :ole subject ( fa/+ communion is discuss$ at l5g? ) all ! au?orities duly giv5 9 ,b+ham's ,antiquities1 ,book ,,xv4 *4 vii4 sec4 #h1 :5ce ,i h tak5 my ref]5ces1 & :]e he quotes ,bi%op ,fell's ,notes on ,cyprian1 ,epi/4 lxiii4 p4 #aef1 :o says t ! cu/om ( communicat+ aft] supp] la/$ = a long "t 9 ! ,*ur*3 cf4 ,socrates1 ,h4 ,e41 v4 #bb1 & ! ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiqq41 vol4 i41 p4 #dag1 on ,fa/+ ,reception ( ,h4 ,c4 ,! celebration ( ! ,eu*>i/ 0 n ! only subject :i* engag$ ,/4 ,paul's att5tion at ,troas4 ,he prea*$ unto ! p z well2 & foll[+ 8 example we f9d f ,ju/9 ,m>tyr's n>rative t prea*+ 0 an ess5tial "p ( ! communion (fice 9 ! days imm$iately foll[+ ! apo/les' age2 & !n1 desc5d+ to l[] times /ill1 we "k t prea*+ is an equally ess5tial portion ( ! eu*>i/ic s]vice 9 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*1 ! only =mal provision = a s]mon accord+ to ! ,engli% liturgy be+ ! rubric 9 ! s]vice = ! ,holy ,communion1 :i* lays d[n t aft] ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 ,!n %all foll[ ! s]mon or "o ( ! ,homilies already set =?1 or h]eaft] to be set =?1 by au?ority4 ,/4 ,paul's disc\rse 0 no m]e me*anical homily1 h[ev]4 ,he 0 n :at man reg>d$ z a p[]ful1 b he 0 a ready speak]1 & "o :o c>ri$ 8 he>]s away by ! rapt int5se e>ne/ness ( 8 mann]4 ,8 :ole s\l 0 full ( 8 subject4 ,he 0 conv9c$ t ?is 0 8 la/ visit to ! *ur*es ( ,asia4 ,he =esaw too a ?\s& dang]s to :i* !y w\ld be expos$ aft] 8 dep>ture1 & he !re=e prolong$ 8 s]mon f> into ! night1 s f> inde$ t human nature ass]t$ its claims ^u a "y man nam$ ,euty*us1 :o sat 9 a w9d[ ( ! room :]e !y 7 assembl$4 ,human nature inde$ 0 nev] = a mom5t abs5t f ^! primitive ,*ur* assemblies4 ,if x 0 abs5t 9 "o %ape1 x 0 pres5t 9 ano!r1 j z really z 9 our mod]n congregations1 & s ,euty*us fell fa/ asleep "u ! he>t-se>*+ exhortations ( an inspir$ apo/le1 ev5 z m5 fall asleep "u less p[]ful s]mons ( small] m52 & z ! natural result1 sitt+ 9 a w9d[ left op5 = ! sake ( v5tilation1 he fell d[n into ! c\rty>d1 & 0 tak5 up app>5tly lifeless4 ,/4 ,paul 0 n put out1 h[ev]4 ,he took int]ruptions 9 8 "w z ! ,ma/] took !m4 ,he 0 n upset by !m1 b he seiz$ !m1 utilis$ !m1 & !n1 hav+ extract$ ! sweetness & bless$ness :i* !y br\ght ) !m1 he return$ f !m back to 8 int]rupt$ "w4 ,/4 ,paul desc5d$ to ,euty*us1 f\nd him 9 a lifeless /ate1 & !n re/or$ him4 ,m5 h disput$ :e!r ! ,apo/le work$ a miracle on ?is occasion1 or m]ely p]ceiv$ t ! "y man 0 9 a tempor>y fa9t4 ,i d n see t x makes any matt] :i* op9ion we =m4 ,/4 ,paul's sup]natural & miracul\s p[]s /& on q an indep5d5t gr\nd1 no matt] :at way we decide ?is p>ticul> case4 ,x seems to me inde$ f ! language ( ,/4 ,paul--,make ye no ado2 = 8 life is 9 him--t ! "y man _h m]ely fa9t$1 & t ,/4 ,paul recognis$ ?is fact z soon z he t\*$ him4 ,b if any "o has /rong op9ions on ! opposite side ,i %\ld be sorry to sp5d "t disput+ a "q :i* has absolutely no evid5tial be>+4 ,! great po9t is1 t ,euty*us 0 re/or$1 t ,/4 ,paul's long s]mon 0 att5d$ by no fatal consequ5ces1 & t ! ,apo/le has left u a /rik+ example %[+ h[ t1 ) pa/ors & p alike1 int5se en?usiasm1 high-/rung int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( ! spiritual _w1 c enable human nature to rise sup]ior to all human wants1 & prove itself ma/] ev5 ( ! conqu]+ p[]s ( sleep3 ,& :5 he 0 gone up1 & _h brok5 ! bread1 & eat51 & _h talk$ ) !m a long :ile1 ev5 till break ( day1 s he dep>t$4 ,we "k no?+ ( :at ! p>ticul> topics 7 :i* engag$ ,/4 ,paul's att5tion at ,troas1 b we may guess !m f ! subject-matt] ( ! address to ! eld]s ( ,ephesus1 :i* takes up ! latt] half ( ?is tw5tie? *apt]4 ,troas & ,ephesus1 9 fact1 7 s ne> & s simil>ly circum/anc$ t ! dang]s & trials ( bo? mu/ h be5 mu* alike4 ,he next pass$ f ,troas to ,miletus4 ,?is is a consid]able j\rney along ! we/]n %ore ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,/4 ,paul 0 eag]ly /riv+ to get to ,j]usalem by ,p5teco/1 or by ,:itsuntide1 z we %\ld say4 ,he _h left ,philippi aft] ,ea/]1 & n[ !re _h elaps$ m ?an a =tnight ( ! sev5 weeks :i* rema9$ available = ! j\rney to ,j]usalem4 ,h[ (t5 ,/4 ,paul mu/ h *af$ aga9/ ! manifold delays ( ! trad+ vessel 9 :i* he sail$2 h[ frequ5tly he mu/ h c\nt$ ! days to see if suffici5t "t rema9$ to execute 8 purpose6 ,/4 ,paul1 h[ev]1 0 a rigid economi/ ( "t4 ,he sav$ e fragm5t ( x z c>efully z possible4 ,x 0 ?us ) him at ,troas4 ,! %ip 9 :i* he 0 travell+ left ,troas e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,x _h to r\nd a promontory 9 its way to ! port ( ,assos1 :i* c\ld be rea*$ direct by ,/4 ,paul 9 half ! "t4 ,! ,apo/le !re=e took ! %ort] r\te1 :ile ,/4 ,luke & 8 companions emb>k$ on bo>d ! vessel4 ,/4 ,paul evid5tly *ose ! l& r\te because x gave him a "t ( solit>y communion ) ,god & ) himself4 ,he felt1 9 fact1 t ! p]petual /ra9 ^u 8 spiritual nature dem&$ special spiritual support & refre%m5t1 :i* c\ld only be obta9$ 9 ! case ( "o :o l$ su* a busy life by seiz+ ^u e su* occasion z !n (f]$ = m$itation & pray]4 ,/4 ,paul left ,troas "s "t on ,sunday morn+4 ,he jo9$ ! %ip at ,assos1 & aft] ?ree days' coa/+ voyage l&$ at ,miletus on ,w$nesday1 :5ce he despat*$ a mess5g] summon+ ! eld]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,ephesus to meet him4#bbi ,! %ip 0 evid5tly to make a delay ( sev]al days at ,miletus4 ,we conclude ?is f ! foll[+ reason4 ,miletus is a t[n sep>at$ by a di/ance ( ?irty miles f ,ephesus4 ,a space !re=e ( at lea/ two days w\ld be requir$ 9 ord] to secure ! pres5ce ( ! ,ephesian eld]s4 ,if a mess5g]--,/4 ,luke1 = in/ance--/>t$ imm$iately on ,/4 ,paul's arrival at ,miletus1 no matt] h[ quickly he travell$1 he c\ld n arrive at ,miletus soon] ?an ,?ursday at midday4 ,! "w ( collect+ ! eld]s & mak+ kn[n to !m ! apo/olic summons w\ld take up ! aft]noon at lea/1 & !n ! j\rney to ,ephesus ei!r by l& or wat] mu/ h occupi$ ! :ole ( ,friday4 ,x is v possible t ! s]mon record$ 9 ?is tw5tie? ( ,acts 0 deliv]$ on ! ,sabba?1 :i*1 z we h not$ above1 0 z yet kept sacr$ by ,*ri/ians z well z by ,jews1 or else ^u ! ,"l's ,day1 :51 z ^u t day week at ,troas1 ! eld]s ( ,ephesus _h assembl$ ) ! ,*ri/ians ( ,miletus 9 ord] to commemorate ! ,"l's resurrection4 #bbi ,! ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul by ,lew9 & by ,conybe>e & ,h[son ent] into m9ute computations z to ! days ( ! mon? ^u :i* ! ,apo/le t\*$ at ! v>i\s t[ns m5tion$ 9 ! ,acts4 ,i c n[ m]ely ref] ! read] to ^! works = su* details ab\t ,/4 ,paul's life1 z !y sc>cely come )9 ! scope ( an expositor's duty4 ,we h already po9t$ out t we "k n ! subject ( ,/4 ,paul's s]mon at ,troas1 b we d "k ! topics ^u :i* he enl>g$ at ,miletus1 & we may conclude t1 consid]+ ! circum/ances ( ! "t1 !y mu/ h be5 mu* ! same z ^? ^u :i* he dwelt at ,troas4 ,"s critics h f\nd fault ) ,/4 ,paul's s]mon z be+ q too mu* tak5 up ) himself & 8 own v9dication4 ,b !y =get ! peculi> position 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul 0 plac$1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! tru? ( ! gospel 0 !n associat$ 9 ! close/ mann] ) ,/4 ,paul's own p]sonal "* & tea*+4 ,! ,apo/le 0 j !n assail$ all ov] ! ,*ri/ian _w :]ev] he _h lab\r$1 & ev5 sometimes :]e he 0 only kn[n by "n1 ) ! mo/ frightful *>ges2 ambition1 pride1 covet\sness1 deceit1 ly+1 all ^! ?+s & mu* m 7 imput$ to him by 8 oppon5ts :o wi%$ to s$uce ! ,g5tiles f t simplicity & lib]ty 9 ,*ri/ into :i* he _h l$ !m4 ,cor9? _h be5 desolat$ by su* tea*]s2 ,galatia _h succumb$ to !m2 ,asia 0 9 great p]il4 ,/4 ,paul !re=e1 =esee+ future dang]s1 w>n$ ! %eph]ds ( ! flock at ,ephesus aga9/ ! ma*9ations ( 8 enemies1 :o always began _! prelim9>y op]ations by mak+ attacks ^u ,/4 ,paul's "*4 ,?is suffici5tly expla9s ! apologetic tone ( ,/4 ,paul's address1 ( :i* we h d\btless m]ely a brief & cond5s$ ab/ract indicat+ ! subjects ( a prolong$ conv]sation ) ! eld]s ( ,ephesus1 ,miletus1 & su* neighb\r+ *ur*es z c\ld be ga!r$ toge!r4 ,we conclude t ,/4 ,paul's conf]5ce on ?is occasion mu/ h be5 a long "o = ?is reason4 ,if ,/4 ,paul c\ld f9d matt] suffici5t to engage 8 att5tion = a :ole night1 f sund[n till sunrise1 9 a place l ,troas1 :]e he _h lab\r$ b a v %ort "t1 h[ mu* m mu/ he h f\nd to say to ! presbyt]s ( ! num]\s congregations :i* mu/ h be5 fl\ri%+ at ,ephesus :]e he _h lab\r$ = ye>s ) su* success z to make ,*ri/ianity a prom95t feature 9 ! social & religi\s life ( t idolatr\s city6 ,let u n[ notice "s ( ! topics ( ?is address4 ,x may be divid$ into f\r portions4 ,! fir/ "p is retrospective1 & autobiographical2 ! second is prospective1 & sets =? 8 conception ( 8 future c\rse2 ! ?ird is hortatory1 exp\nd+ ! dang]s ?reat5+ ! ,ephesian ,*ur*2 & ! f\r? is val$ictory4 ,i4 ,we h ! biographical portion4 ,he beg9s 8 disc\rse by recall+ to ! m9ds ( 8 he>]s 8 own mann] ( life1--,ye y\rselves "k1 f ! fir/ day t ,i set foot 9 ,asia1 aft] :at mann] ,i 0 ) y all ! "t1 s]v+ ! ,"l ) all l[l9ess ( m9d1 & ) te>s1 & ) trials :i* befell me by ! plots ( ! ,jews2 words :i* %[ u t f ! e>lie/ portion ( 8 m9i/ry at ,ephesus1 & z soon z !y realis$ ! mean+ ( 8 message1 ! ,jews _h become z ho/ile to ! ,apo/le at ,ephesus z !y _h repeat$ly %[n !mselves at ,cor9?1 aga9 & aga9 mak+ attempts ^u 8 life4 ,! f\ndations inde$ ( ! ,ephesian ,*ur* 7 laid 9 ! synagogue dur+ ! fir/ ?ree mon?s ( 8 "w1 z we are expressly told 9 *4 xix4 #h2 b ! ,ephesian ,*ur* mu/ h be5 pr$om9antly ,g5tile 9 its composition1 or else ! language ( ,demetrius mu/ h be5 exagg]at$ & ! riot rais$ by him mean+less4 ,h[ c\ld ,demetrius h said1 ,ye see t at ,ephesus ?is ,paul ha? p]suad$ & turn$ away mu* p1 say+ t !y be no gods :i* are made ) h&s1 unless ! va/ majority ( 8 conv]ts 7 drawn f ! ranks ( ^? pagans :o wor%ipp$ ,diana8 ,^! words also %[ u t dur+ 8 ext5d$ m9i/ry at ,ephesus he 0 left at peace by ! hea!n4 ,/4 ,paul "h makes no m5tion ( trials exp]i5c$ f pagan plots4 ,he speaks ( ! ,jews alone z mak+ assaults ^u 8 "w or 8 p]son1 incid5tally confirm+ ! /atem5t ( *4 xix4 #bc1 t x 0 only :5 he 0 purpos+ to retire f ,ephesus1 & dur+ ! celebration ( ! ,artemisian games :i* m>k$ 8 la/ days !re1 t ! opposition ( ! pagans develop$ itself 9 a viol5t %ape4 ,/4 ,paul beg9s 8 address by fix+ ^u ,jewi% opposition outside ! ,*ur* z 8 great trial at ,ephesus1 j z ! same k9d ( opposition inside ! ,*ur* _h be5 8 great trial at ,cor9?1 & 0 yet de/9$ to be a s\rce ( trial to him 9 ! ,ephesian ,*ur* itself1 z we c see f ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les4 ,he !n proce$s to speak ( ! doctr9es he _h taught & h[ he _h taught !m2 rem9d+ !m h[ t ,i %rank n f decl>+ unto y any?+ t 0 pr(itable1 & tea*+ y publicly1 & f h\se to h\se1 te/ify+ bo? to ,jews & ,greeks rep5tance t[>d ,god1 & fai? t[>d our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul sets =? 8 mann] ( tea*+4 ,he taught publicly1 & public tea*+ 0 mo/ effective 9 8 case1 because he came arm$ ) a d\ble p[]1 ! p[]s ( spiritual & ( intellectual prep>ation4 ,/4 ,paul 0 n a man :o ?\ght t pray] & spiritual life c\ld disp5se ) ?\ght & m5tal culture4 ,or aga91 he w\ld be ! la/ to tol]ate ! idea t dilig5t visitation f h\se to h\se w\ld make up = ! neglect ( t public tea*+ :i* he s con/antly & s pr(itably practis$4 ,public prea*+ & tea*+1 pa/oral visitation & "w1 are two di/9ct bran*es ( lab\r1 :i* at v>i\s p]iods ( ! ,*ur*'s hi/ory h be5 reg>d$ 9 v diff]5t lights4 ,/4 ,paul evid5tly view$ !m z equally important1 ! t5d5cy 9 ! pres5t age is1 h[ev]1 to decry & neglect prea*+ & to exalt pa/oral "w--includ+ "u t head ,*ur* s]vices--out ( its due position4 ,?is is1 inde$1 a great & lam5table mi/ake4 ,! tea*+ publicly to :i* ,/4 ,paul ref]s is ! only opportunity :i* ! majority ( m5 possess ( he>+ ! au?oris$ m9i/]s ( religion1 & if ! latt] neglect ! (fice ( public prea*+1 & ?9k ! fag end ( a week devot$ to ext]nal & secul> lab\rs & devoid ( any m5tal /udy & prep>ation /irr+ ! s\l & refre%+ ! _s1 to be q suffici5t = pulpit prep>ation1 !y _c be surpris$ if m5 come to despise ! religion t is pres5t$ 9 su* a mis]able light & by su* ineffici5t ambassadors4#bcj #bcj ,i d n ?9k !re is any great] want 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ?an ! revival ( prea*+4 ,x is simply lam5table to see ! numb]s :o "u usual circum/ances w walk out ( *ur* be=e ! s]mon1 & /ill m lam5table to see ! numb] ( m5 :o d n g to *ur* at all4 ,?is ,i attribute to ! l[ e/ate to :i* ! ord9>y s]mon has fall54 ,9 ! days ( evangelical supremacy ! pulpit may h be5 unduly exalt$2 n[ x is unduly neglect$1 & ) t]rible results4 ,/4 ,paul insi/s 9 ?is passage on ! publicity & boldness ( 8 tea*+4 ,!re 0 no secrecy ab\t him1 no hypocrisy2 he did n come pret5d+ "o view or "o l9e ( doctr9e1 & !n1 hav+ /ol5 9 secretly1 tea*+ a di/9ct sy/em4 ,9 ?is passage1 :i* may seem laudatory ( 8 own me?ods1 ,/4 ,paul is1 9 fact1 w>n+ aga9/ ! und]h& & hypocritical me?ods adopt$ by ! ,judais+ p>ty1 :e!r at ,antio*1 ,galatia1 or ,cor9?4 ,9 ?is division ( 8 s]mon ,/4 ,paul !n sets =? ! doctr9es :i* 7 ! sum & sub/ance ( ! tea*+ :i* he _h giv5 bo? publicly & f h\se to h\se4 ,!y 7 rep5tance t[>ds ,god1 & fai? t[>ds our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t n only 9 ! case ( ! ,jews1 b also ( ! ,greeks4 ,n[ "h we %all miss ! impli$ ref]5ce ( ,/4 ,paul1 unless we emphasize ! words ,i %rank n f decl>+ unto y any?+ t 0 pr(itable4 ,8 ,judais+ oppon5ts ?\ght !re 7 _m o!r ?+s pr(itable = m5 besides ^! two po9ts r\nd :i* ,/4 ,paul's tea*+ turn$4 ,!y reg>d$ circumcision & ,jewi% fe/ivals1 wa%+s & sacrifices1 z v necess>y & v pr(itable = ! ,g5tiles2 :ile1 z f> z ! ,jews 7 conc]n$1 !y ?\ght t ! doctr9es on :i* ,/4 ,paul insi/$ might possibly be pr(itable1 b 7 n at all necess>y4 ,/4 ,paul impresses by 8 words ! great *>act]i/ic diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,ebionite view ( ,*ri/ & ( ,*ri/ianity & t ca?olic view :i* has reg5]at$ society & become a s\rce ( life & light to ! human race4#bca #bca ,i ?9k ,i he> 9 ,/4 ,paul's words 9 ?is passage an e*o ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans :i* he _h writt5 a mon? or two previ\sly4 ,! idea1 ,rep5tance t[>ds ,god1 & fai? t[>ds our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity is ! c5tral idea ( t ,epi/le4 ,,ii4 ,we h1 !n1 ! prospective portion ( 8 disc\rse4 ,/4 ,paul ann\nces 8 j\rney to ,j]usalem1 & pr(esses 8 ignorance ( 8 fate !re4 ,he 0 w>n$ m]ely by ! te/imony ( ! ,holy ,_s t bonds & afflictions 7 8 portion 9 e city4 ,he 0 prep>$ = !m1 h[ev]1 & = dea? itself1 s t he might accompli% ! m9i/ry ) :i* ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ _h put him 9 tru/4 ,he conclud$ ?is "p ( 8 address by express+ 8 belief t he w\ld nev] see !m aga94 ,8 "w among !m 0 done1 & he call$ !m to witness t he 0 pure f ! blood ( all m51 see+ t he _h decl>$ unto !m ! :ole c\nsel ( ,god4 ,?is passage has giv5 rise to mu* debate1 because ( ,/4 ,paul's /atem5t t he knew t he %\ld nev] see !m aga91 :ile ! ,epi/les to ,timo?y & t to ,titus prove t aft] ,/4 ,paul's fir/ imprisonm5t1 ) ! notice ( :i* ?is book ( ! ,acts ends1 he lab\r$ = sev]al ye>s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,asia ,m9or1 & paid l5g!n$ visits to ,ephesus4 ,we _c n[ be/[ space 9 prov+ ?is po9t1 :i* w be f\nd fully discuss$ 9 ! v>i\s ,lives ( ,/4 ,paul :i* we h s (t5 quot$3 z1 = in/ance1 9 ,lew91 vol4 ii41 p4 #id1 & 9 ,conybe>e & ,h[son1 vol4 ii41 p4 #edg4 ,we %all n[ m]ely indicate ! l9e ( pro( = ?is4 ,9 ! ,epi/le to ,philemon1 v]4 #bb1 writt5 dur+ 8 fir/ ,roman imprisonm5t1 & !re=e ye>s subsequ5t to ?is address1 he indicates 8 expectation ( a spe$y deliv]ance f 8 bonds1 & 8 det]m9ation to travel ea/w>d to ,coloss1 :]e ,philemon liv$ 7cf4 ,philippians i4 #be1 ii4 #bd74 ,he !n visit$ ,ephesus1 :]e he left ,timo?y1 :o _h be5 8 companion 9 ! latt] portion ( 8 ,roman imprisonm5t 7cf4 ,philem4 #a & #a ,tim4 i4 #c71 expect+ soon to return to him 9 ! same city 7#a ,tim4 iii4 #ad72 :ile aga9 9 #b ,tim4 i4 #ah he speaks ( ,onesiphorus hav+ m9i/]$ to himself 9 ,ephesus1 & !n 9 ! same ,epi/le 7*4 iv4 #bj71 writt5 dur+ 8 second ,roman imprisonm5t1 he speaks ( hav+ j left ,trophimus at ,miletus sick4 ,?is brief outl9e1 :i* c be foll[$ up 9 ! volumes to :i* we h ref]r$1 & especially 9 ,app5dix ,,ii4 9 ,conybe>e & ,h[son on ! date ( ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les1 mu/ suffice to prove t ,/4 ,paul 0 express+ a m]e human expectation :5 he told ! ,ephesian eld]s t he %\ld see _! faces no m4 ,/4 ,luke1 9 fact1 ?us %[s u t ,/4 ,paul 0 n omnisci5t 9 8 k1 & t ! inspiration :i* he possess$ did n remove him1 z "s p]sons ?9k1 out ( ! category ( ord9>y m5 or free him f _! infirmities4 ,! ,apo/le 01 9 fact1 sup]naturally inspir$ ^u occasions4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ n[ & aga9 illum9at$ ! d>kness ( ! future :5 su* illum9ation 0 necess>y = ! ,*ur*'s guidance2 b on o!r occasions ,/4 ,paul & 8 bro!r apo/les 7 left to ! guidance ( _! own und]/&+s & to ! conclusions & expectations ( common s5se1 else :y did n ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,john read ! "* ( ,ananias & ,sapphira or ( ,simon ,magus be=e _! s9s 7 committ$8 :y did ,/4 ,pet] "k no?+ ( 8 deliv]ance f ,h]od's prison-h\se be=e ! angel appe>$1 :5 8 undissembl$ surprise is suffici5t evid5ce t he _h no expectation ( any su* rescue8 ,^! in/ances1 :i* might be multipli$ abundantly out ( ,/4 ,paul's c>e] & writ+s1 %[ u t ,/4 ,paul's confid5t /atem5t 9 ?is passage 0 a m]e human anticipation :i* 0 disappo9t$ by ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,! sup]natural k ( ! apo/les ran on precisely ! same l9es z _! sup]natural p[]4 ,god be/[$ !m bo? = use accord+ z ,he saw fit & b5eficial1 b n = common ord9>y e-day purposes1 else :y did ,/4 ,paul leave ,trophimus at ,miletus sick1 or endure ! tortures ( 8 own oph?almia1 or exhort ,timo?y to take a little w9e on acc\nt ( 8 bodily weakness1 if he c\ld h heal$ !m all by 8 miracul\s p[]8 ,be=e we leave ?is po9t we may notice t "h we h an incid5tal pro( ( ! e>ly date ( ! composition ( ! ,acts4 ,/4 ,luke1 z we h (t5 ma9ta9$1 wrote ?is book ab\t ! close ( ,/4 ,paul's fir/ imprisonm5t4 ,assur$ly if he _h writt5 x at a lat] p]iod1 & above all1 if he wrote x tw5ty ye>s lat]1 he w\ld h ei!r modifi$ ! words ( 8 synopsis ( ,/4 ,paul's spee*1 or else giv5 u a h9t t subsequ5t ev5ts _h %[n t ! ,apo/le 0 mi/ak5 9 8 expectations1 a ?+ :i* he c\ld easily h done1 because he *]i%$ none ( ^! extreme notions ab\t ,/4 ,paul's (fice & dignity :i* h l$ "s to assume t x 0 impossible = him ev] to make a mi/ake ab\t ! smalle/ matt]s4#bcb #bcb ,see on ?is po9t ,dr4 ,salmon's ,introduction to ,new ,te/am5t1 #d? ed41 p4 #dde4 ,,iii4 ,?is disc\rse1 aga91 is hortatory1 & its exhortations conta9 v important doctr9al /atem5ts4 ,/4 ,paul beg9s ?is ?ird division ) an exhortation l t :i* our ,"l gave to ,8 apo/les "u ! same circum/ances1 ,take he$ unto y\rselves4 ,! ,apo/le nev] =got t an effective m9i/ry ( s\ls mu/ be bas$ on deep p]sonal k ( ! ?+s ( ,god4 ,he knew1 too1 f 8 own exp]i5ce t x is v easy to be s completely tak5 up ) ! c>e ( o!r m5's s\ls & ! ext]nal "w ( ! ,*ur*1 z to =get t inn] life :i* c only be kept alive by close communion ) ,god4 ,!n1 hav+ bas$ 8 exhortations on _! own spiritual life1 he exhorts ! eld]s to dilig5ce 9 ! pa/oral (fice3 ,take he$ unto y\rselves1 & to all ! flock1 9 ! :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ ha? made y bi%ops1 to fe$ ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 :i* ,he pur*as$ ) ,8 own blood4 ,/4 ,paul 9 ^! words %[s u 8 e/imate ( ! m9i/]ial (fice4 ,! eld]s ( ,ephesus _h be5 all orda9$ by ,/4 ,paul himself ) ! imposition ( h&s1 a rite t has ev] be5 e/eem$ ess5tial to ord9ation4 ,x 0 d]iv$ f ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 & 0 p]petuat$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* by t same _s ( cons]vatism1 t law ( cont9uity :i* 9 e dep>tm5t ( life enacts t ev]y?+ %all cont9ue z x 0 unless !re be "s circum/ance to cause an alt]ation4#bcc ,n[ !re 0 no cause = alt]ation 9 ?is case2 nay1 r !re 0 e reason to br+ ab\t a cont9uance ( ?is cu/om1 because imposition ( h&s indicates = ! p ! p]sons orda9$1 & assures ! orda9$ !mselves t !y h be5 individually *os5 & set ap>t4 ,b ,/4 ,paul by ^! words tea*es u a high] & nobl] view ( ! m9i/ry4 ,he tea*es u t he 0 himself b ! in/rum5t ( a high] p[]1 & t ! imposition ( h&s 0 ! sign & symbol to ! orda9$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ _h *os5 !m & appo9t$ !m to fe$ ! flock ( ,god4 ,/4 ,paul "h %[s t 9 ord9ation1 z 9 ! sacram5ts1 we %\ld by fai? look away beyond & beh9d ! human in/rum5t1 & view ! actions ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ z ! v op]ations & manife/ations 9 ! _w ( "t & s5se ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ,himself1 ! ,"l & ,giv] ( life4 ,he tea*es ! ,ephesian eld]s1 9 fact1 exactly :at he taught ! ,cor9?ian ,*ur* "s few mon?s e>li]1 ,we h ?is treasure 9 e>!n vessels1 t ! exce$+ greatness ( ! p[] may be ( ,god1 & n f ourselves 7#b ,cor4 iv4 #g72 ! treasure & ! p[] 7 ev]y?+1 ! only ?+s1 9 fact1 wor? nam+1 ! e>!n vessels :i* conta9$ !m = a little "t 7 no?+ at all4 ,h[ awful1 solemn1 he>t-se>*+ a view ( ! m9i/]ial (fice ?is 06 ,h[ su/a9+ a view :5 its hold]s are call$ ^u to dis*>ge functions = :i* !y feel !mselves all inadequate 9 _! natural /r5g?6 ,is x any wond] t ! ,*ur*1 tak+ ! same view z ,/4 ,paul did1 has ev] held & taught t ! m9i/]ial (fice ?us conf]r$ by sup]natural p[] is no m]e human function to be tak5 up or laid d[n at man's pleasure1 b is a life-long (fice to be dis*>g$ at ! hold]'s p]il1--a sav\r ( life unto life = ! wor?y recipi5t1 a sav\r ( dea? unto dea? = ! unwor?y & ! c>eless4 #bcc ,?is rule or law is ! pr9ciple ( ,butl]'s great argum5t = a future life 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8 ,analogy4 ,he expressly /ates 9 ! foll[+ words1 ,!re is 9 e case a probability t ?+s w cont9ue z we exp]i5ce !y are1 9 all respects1 except ^? 9 :i* we h "s reason to ?9k !y w be alt]$4 ,?is is t k9d ( presumption ( probability f analogy express$ 9 ! ^w cont9uance :i* seems our only natural reason = believ+ ! c\rse ( ! _w w cont9ue to-morr[ z x has done s f> back z our exp]i5ce or k ( hi/ory c c>ry u back4 ,9 connexion ) ?is /atem5t made by ,/4 ,paul conc]n+ ! s\rce ( ! m9i/ry we f9d a title giv5 to ! ,ephesian presbyt]s r\nd :i* mu* controv]sy has c5tr$4 ,/4 ,paul says1 ,take he$ unto ! flock1 ov] :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ has made y bi%ops4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 propose to sp5d mu* "t ov] ?is topic1 z all p>ties are n[ agre$ t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! t]m presbyt] & bi%op are int]*angeable & appli$ to ! same p]sons4#bcd ,! "q to be decid$ is n ab\t a "n1 b ab\t an (fice1 :e!r1 9 fact1 any p]sons succe$$ 9 apo/olic times to ! (fice ( rule & gov]nm5t ex]cis$ by ,/4 ,paul & ! re/ ( ! apo/les1 z well z by ,timo?y1 ,titus1 & ! o!r delegates ( ! ,apo/le1 & :e!r ! t]m bi%op1 z us$ 9 ! second c5tury1 0 appli$ to su* successors ( ! apo/les4#bce ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n a "q :i* comes directly )9 ! purview ( an expositor ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 z ! appo9tm5t ( ,timo?y & ,titus to manage ! affairs ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,ephesus & 9 ,crete lies beyond ! p]iod cov]$ by ! text ( ! ,acts1 & prop]ly belongs to ! comm5t>y on ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les4 ,/4 ,paul's words 9 ?is connexion h1 h[ev]1 an important be>+ on fundam5tal doctr9al que/ions connect$ ) ! p]son ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul speaks ( ! presbyt]s z call$ to fe$ ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 :i* ,he ha? pur*as$ ) ,8 own blood4 ,^! words are v /rong1 s /rong inde$ t v>i\s read+s h be5 put =w>d to mitigate _! =ce4 ,"s h read ,"l in/ead ( ,god1 o!rs h sub/itut$ ,*ri/ = x2 b ! ,revis$ ,v]sion1 foll[+ ! text ( ,we/cott & ,hort1 h accept$ ! /ronge/ =m ( ! v]se on purely critical gr\nd1 & translates x z ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 :i* ,he ha? pur*as$ ) ,8 own blood4 ,?is passage1 !n1 is decisive z to ! ,*ri/ological views ( ,/4 ,luke & ! ,paul9e circle g5]ally4 ,!y believ$ s /rongly 9 ! deity ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 ess5tial unity ) ! ,fa!r t !y hesitat$ n to speak ( ,8 sacrifice on ,calv>y z a %$d+ ( ! blood ( ,god1 an expression :i* "s fifty ye>s aft]w>ds we f9d 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,ignatius to ! ,ephesians1 :]e ,/4 ,ignatius speaks ( !m z k9dl$ into liv+ fire by ! blood ( ,god1 & a hundr$ ye>s lat] /ill1 9 ,t]tullian1 ,ad ,uxor41 ii4 #c4 ,?is passage has be5 us$ 9 sci5tific !ology z ! basis ( a pr9ciple or !ory call$ ! ,communicatio ,idiomatum1 a !ory :i* f9ds an illu/ration 9 two o!r notable passages ( ,scripture1 ,/4 ,john iii4 #ac & #a ,cor4 ii4 #h4 ,9 ! =m] passage our ,"l says ( ,himself1 ,no man ha? asc5d$ into heav51 b ,he t desc5d$ out ( heav51 ev5 ! ,son ( man :i* is 9 heav51 :]e ! ,son ( man is spok5 ( z 9 heav5 z well z ^u e>? at ! same "t1 ?\gh ! ,son ( man1 accord+ to ,8 humanity1 c\ld only be 9 "o place at a "t4 ,9 ! second passage ,/4 ,paul says1 ,:i* none ( ! rul]s ( ?is _w knew2 = _h !y kn[n x1 !y w\ld n h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( ,glory1 :]e crucifixion is attribut$ to ! ,"l ( ,glory1 a title d]iv$ f ,8 ,div9e nature4 ,n[ ! t]m ,communicatio ,idiomatum1 or transf]5ce ( peculi> prop]ties1 is giv5 to ?is usage because 9 all ^! texts ! prop]ties ( ! nature p]ta9+ ei!r to ,god or to man are spok5 ( z if !y belong$ to ! o!r2 or1 to put x f> bett] 9 ! /ately language ( ,hook]1 v4 liii4 :]e he speaks ( ^? cross & circulatory spee*es :]e9 !re are attribut$ to ,god su* ?+s z belong to manhood1 & to man su* z prop]ly conc]n ! deity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! cause :]e( is ! association ( natures 9 "o subject4 ,a k9d ( mutual commutation !re is1 :]eby ^? concrete names1 ,god & man1 :5 we speak ( ,*ri/1 d take int]*angeably "o ano!r's room1 s t = tru? ( spee* x skille? n :e!r we say t ! ,son ( ,god ha? creat$ ! _w & ! ,son ( man by ,8 dea? ha? sav$ x1 or else t ! ,son ( man did create & ! ,son ( ,god die to save ! _w4 ,?is is a subject ( pr(\nd speculative & doctr9al int]e/1 n only 9 connexion ) ! apo/olic view ( our ,"l's ,p]son1 b also 9 ref]5ce to ! :ole r\nd ( me?odis$ & sci5tific !ology4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 af=d fur!r space = ?is subject4 ,we mu/ be cont5t to h po9t$ x out z an int]e/+ topic ( inquiry1 &1 m]ely ref]r+ ! read] to ,hook] & to ,liddon's ,bampton ,lectures 7,lect4 ,v47 = m in=mation1 mu/ hurry on to a conclusion4 ,/4 ,paul t]m9ates ?is "p ( 8 disc\rse ) express+ 8 belief 9 ! rapid developm5t ( false doctr9es & false guides z soon z 8 repressive influ5ce %all h be5 remov$2 a belief :i* ! dev\t /ud5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t w f9d to h be5 realis$ :5 9 #a ,tim4 i4 #bj1 9 #b ,tim4 i4 #ae1 & ii4 #ag1 #ah he f9ds ! ,apo/le w>n+ ! y\?ful ,bi%op ( ,ephesus aga9/ ,phygelus & ,h]mog5es1 :o _h turn$ all ,asia away f ,/4 ,paul1 & aga9/ ,hym5u1 ,philetus1 & ,alex&]1 :o _h imbib$ ! ,gno/ic error conc]n+ matt]1 :i* _h already l$ ! ,cor9?ians to d5y ! future "* ( ! ,resurrection4 ,/4 ,paul !n t]m9ates 8 disc\rse ) a solemn comm5dation ( ! ,ephesian eld]s to t ,div9e grace :i* is z necess>y = an apo/le z = ! humble/ ,*ri/ian4 ,he exhorts !m to self-sacrifice & self-d5ial1 rem9d+ !m ( 8 own example1 hav+ support$ himself & 8 companions by 8 lab\r z a t5tmak] at ,ephesus1 & above all ( ! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 :i* !y app>5tly knew f "s s\rce :i* has n come d[n to u1 ,x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive4 #bcd ,ir5u1 h[ev]1 writ+ 9 ! second c5tury1 /ates t ! bi%ops & presbyt]s ( ,ephesus & ! neighb\r+ cities 7 assembl$ at ,miletus1 s t he di/+ui%es betwe5 bi%ops & presbyt]s ev5 on ?is occasion3 see 8 "w ,aga9/ ,h]esies1 iii4 #ad4 ,dr4 ,hat* _h an extraord9>y !ory1 :i* he elaborates 9 8 article ,prie/ 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,*ri/ian ,antiquities1 vol4 ii41 p4 #agjj4 ,he ?us /ates x3 ,:e!r ! in/itution ( ,presbyt]s exi/$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance outside ! limits ( ! ,judo-,*ri/ian communities is d\btful4 ,!re is no evid5ce t x did s2 ! presumption is t x did n1 = :5 ,/4 ,paul1 writ+ to ! *ur*es :i* 7 presumably non-,jewi% 9 _! "*1 recognises ! exi/5ce ( *ur* (fic]s1 he designates !m by o!r names3 7#a ,!ss4 v4 #ab71 7,philip4 i4 #a74 ,to put x briefly1 8 idea is t bi%op z a title 0 conf9$ to pr$om9antly ,greek communities1 & presbyt] z a title 0 conf9$ to pr$om9antly ,g5tile communities4 ,w ?is !ory & ! in/ances he gives /& ! te/ ( facts8 ,philippi 01 he ?9ks1 a pr$om9antly ,g5tile ,*ur*1 s ?or\ghly ,g5tile t its memb]s w\ld necess>ily pref] titles drawn f impure pagan s\rces r ?an f ,judaism4 ,b 0 ,philippi s ?or\ghly ,g5tile8 ,if s1 :y did ,/4 ,paul /ay !re & celebrate ! days ( unleav5$ bread & ! passov]1 z we h above not$8 ,a l>ge elem5t 9 ! *ur* mu/ h be5 ,jewi% :5 ?is happ5$4 ,aga91 take ,!ssalonica4 ,we h already not$ t ! majority ( t *ur* mu/ h be5 ,g5tile 9 orig92 b !re mu/ h be5 a l>ge & influ5tial m9ority ,jewi% by race 9 a t[n :]e ! ,jews 7 s l>ge an elem5t 9 ! population4 ,aga91 we f9d ! title presbyt] appli$ to ! *ur* (ficials ( ,ephesus4 ,dr4 ,hat* on ! same page enum]ates ,ephesus among ! ,judo-,*ri/ian communities1 "o1 !re=e1 :i* w\ld presumably pref] ,jewi% titles = its cl]gy4 ,b 0 x pr$om9antly ,jewi%8 ,/4 ,paul lab\r$ ?ree mon?s 9 ! synagogue at ,ephesus1 & 0 !n expell$4 ,he lab\r$ !re = two ye>s among ! ,g5tiles ) su* success1 t ,demetrius describes him z hav+ turn$ away all ,asia f ,diana's wor%ip4 ,surely if ev] !re 0 a ,g5tile ,*ri/ian ,*ur* x 0 ,ephesus6 7,cf4 ,ephes4 ii4 & iii41 :]e ! ,g5tile "* ( ! ,ephesian ,*ur* is expressly ass]t$47 ,yet "h we h ! title presbyt] 9 use4 ,dr4 ,hat*'s is n sci5tific hi/orical reason+1 b ! ex]cise ( :at ,bi%op ,butl] well designates1 t delusive faculty call$ man's imag9ation & fancy4 ,^u ?is :ole "q ( ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ian presbyt]s1 ,i may notice an exhau/ive ,biblical inquiry1 call$ ,! ,rul+ ,eld]1 by ! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,k+ ( ,ballym5a1 ! le>n$ au?or ( a well-kn[n ,iri% ,*ur* ,hi/ory4 ,x appe>$ aft] ?is *apt] 0 writt54 #bce ,9 ! second c5tury bi%ops 7 (t5 call$ presbyt]s1 ?\gh presbyt]s 7 n call$ bi%ops1 or1 to quote ,bi%op ,lightfoot1 ,essay on ! ,m9i/ry1 ,philippians1 p4 #bbf3 ,9 ! language ( ,ir5u1 a presbyt] is nev] designat$ a bi%op1 :ile on ! o!r h& he v frequ5tly speaks ( a bi%op z a presbyt]4 ,?is usage long cont9u$ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,cyprian (t5 expresses himself ?us3 cf4 article on ^w ,s5ior 9 ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiqq4 ,_m in/ances ( x occur 9 ! lit]ature ( ! e>ly ,celtic ,*ur* 9 ,irel&1 :i* 0 an (f%oot ( ! ,gallican ,*ur* &1 ?r\gh ,gaul1 ( ! ,*ur* ( ,we/]n ,asia ,m9or4 ,9 fact1 ?is cu/om ( call+ bi%ops s5iors or presbyt]s 0 us$ 9 ,irel& till ! twelf? c5tury3 see ,us%]'s ,works1 ,ed4 ,elr+ton1 vi4 #eag1 #ebh4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 = in/ance1 9 8 ,life ( ,/4 ,mala*y1 calls ! ,bi%op ( ,lismore ,s5ior ,lesmor5sis4 ,i d n1 z ,i h said1 propose to ent] any fur!r into ! debateable subject ( ,*ur* gov]nm5t2 b z ,i h come across ?is passage1 & z ,i h already ann\nc$ t ,i am writ+ ?is comm5t>y z a decid$ ,*ur*man1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to /ate my own views1 z hi/ory seems to me to set !m =?1 )\t ent]+ into any discussion on ! po9t4 ,dur+ ! apo/olic age ! t]ms bi%op & presbyt] 7 int]*angeable4 ,z ! apo/les pass$ away1 !y seem to me to h e/abli%$ ,episcopacy z ! normal rule ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh1 d\btless1 x 0 only by degrees t ! title ( bi%op 0 appropriat$ to ! (fice s creat$4 ,by ! "t ( ,ignatius1 t is1 ab\t #aaj ,a4,d41 ?is appropriation 0 complete4 ,z reg>ds my au?ority = say+ ! apo/les e/abli%$ ,episcopacy1 ,i simply appeal to ,ir5u1 :o1 9 8 great "w aga9/ ,h]esies1 ,book ,,iii41 *4 iii41 /ates 9 section i4 t ! apo/les in/itut$ bi%ops 9 ! *ur*es1 & !n 9 sec4 #c proce$s to trace ! l9e ( ^! bi%ops 9 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 beg9n+ ) ,l9us1 into ^: h&s ! bless$ apo/les committ$ ! (fice ( ! ,episcopate4 ,n[ x is ^u ,ir5u we l>gely dep5d = ! pro( ( ! canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! ,johann9e orig9 ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 ,surely if ,ir5u is a witness suffici5t to e/abli% ! apo/olic orig9 ( ! ,gospels1 he %\ld be q suffici5t to e/abli% ! apo/olic orig9 ( ,episcopacy6 ,if ,ir5u is a compet5t witness to ! true au?or%ip ( an anonym\s docum5t l ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 he is surely compet5t to tell u ( ! true orig9 ( a worldwide in/itution l ,episcopacy4 ,x is assur$ly mu* easi] to le>n ! orig9 ( in/itutions ?an ( docum5ts4 ,:5 ! ,apo/le _h ?us t]m9at$ 8 address1 :i* d\btless 0 a v l5g!n$ "o1 he knelt d[n1 probably on ! %ore1 z we %all f9d him kneel+ 9 ! next *apt] 7xxi4 #e1 #f7 on ! %ore at ,tyre4 ,he !n comm5d$ !m 9 solemn pray] to ,god1 & !y all p>t$ 9 deep sorr[ on acc\nt ( ! f9al sep>ation :i* ,/4 ,paul's words indicat$ z imm95t2 = ?\gh ! primitive ,*ri/ians believ$ 9 ! reality ( ! next life ) an int5sity ( fai? ( :i* we h no conception1 & long$ = its peace & re/1 yet !y gave free scope to ^? natural affections :i* b9d m5 "o to ano!r accord+ to ! fle% & 7 sanctifi$ by ! ,ma/] ,himself :5 ,he wept by ! grave ( ,laz>us4 ,*ri/ianity is n a religion ( /oical apa?y1 b ( sanctifi$ human affections4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,a ,,prison] ,,9 ,,bonds4 ,hav+ f\nd a %ip cross+ ov] unto ,phnicia1 we w5t abo>d1 & set sail4444 ,we sail$ unto ,syria1 & l&$ at ,tyre3 = !re ! %ip 0 to unload h] burd54444 ,:5 we 7 come to ,j]usalem1 ! bre?r5 receiv$ u gladly4444 ,!n ! *ief capta9 came ne>1 & laid hold on him1 & comm&$ him to be b\nd ) two *a9s2 & inquir$ :o he 01 & :at he _h done4444 ,b ,paul said1 ,i am a ,jew1 ( ,t>sus 9 ,cilicia1 a citiz5 ( no mean city3 & ,i besee* !e1 give me leave to speak unto ! p4--,,acts xxi4 #b1 #c1 #ag1 #cc1 #ci1 #dj4 ,& !y gave him audi5ce unto ?is ^w2 & !y lift$ up _! voice1 & said1 ,away ) su* a fell[ f ! e>?3 = x is n fit t he %\ld live4444 ,b on ! morr[1 desir+ to "k ! c]ta9ty1 :]e=e he 0 accus$ ( ! ,jews1 he loos$ him1 & comm&$ ! *ief prie/s & all ! c\ncil to come toge!r1 & br\ght ,paul d[n1 & set him be=e !m4--,,acts xxii4 #bb1 #cj4 ,& aft] five days ! high prie/ ,ananias came d[n ) c]ta9 eld]s1 & ) an orator1 "o ,t]tullus2 & !y in=m$ ! gov]nor aga9/ ,paul4--,,acts xxiv4 #a4 ,& ,agrippa said unto ,paul1 ,?\ art p]mitt$ to speak = ?yself4 ,!n ,paul /ret*$ =? 8 h&1 & made 8 def5ce4--,,acts xxvi4 #a4 ,! title we h giv5 to ?is *apt]1 ,a ,prison] 9 ,bonds1 expresses ! c5tral idea ( ! la/ eight *apt]s ( ! ,acts4 ,tw5ty ye>s & m _h n[ elaps$ s9ce ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion on ! road to ,damascus4 ,^! tw5ty ye>s _h be5 times ( unceas+ & int5se activity4 ,n[ we come to "s five ye>s :5 ! ext]nal lab\rs1 ! turmoil & ! c>es ( active life1 h to be put aside1 & ,/4 ,paul 0 call$ ^u to /& ap>t & le>n ! lesson :i* e-day exp]i5ce tea*es to all1--h[ easily ! _w c get along )\t u1 h[ smoo?ly ,god's designs fulfil !mselves )\t our puny assi/ance4 ,! v>i\s passages we h plac$ at ! head ( ?is *apt] cov] six *apt]s ( ! ,acts1 f ! tw5ty-fir/ to ! tw5ty-six?4 ,x may seem a l>ge ext5t ( ! text to be compris$ )9 ! limits ( "o ( our *apt]s1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t a great deal ( ! space ?us includ$ is tak5 up ) ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion1 :i* is twice set =? at great l5g?1 fir/ to ! multitude f ! /airs ( ! t[] ( ,antonia1 & !n 9 8 def5ce :i* he deliv]$ be=e ,agrippa & ,b]nice & ,fe/us1 or else ) ! spee*es deliv]$ by him be=e ! assembl$ ,sanh$r9 & be=e ,felix ! gov]nor1 :]e9 he dwells on po9ts previ\sly & suffici5tly discuss$4#bcf ,we h already consid]$ ! n>rative ( ! ,apo/le's conv]sion at great l5g?1 & not$ ! p>ticul> directions 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul's own lat] v]sions at ,j]usalem & ,cs>ea ?r[ light ^u ,/4 ,luke's indep5d5t acc\nt4 ,to ! e>li] *apt]s ( ?is book we !re=e w\ld ref] ! read] :o wi%es to discuss ,/4 ,paul's conv]sion1 & sev]al ( ! o!r subjects :i* he introduces4 ,let u n[1 h[ev]1 endeav\r1 fir/ ( all1 to ga!r up into "o connect$ /ory ! tale ( ,/4 ,paul's j\rneys1 suff]+s1 & imprisonm5ts f ! "t he left ,miletus aft] 8 fam\s address till he set sail = ,rome f ! port ( ,cs>ea1 a prison] de/9$ = ! judgm5t-seat ( ,n]o4 ,?is n>rative w embrace f at lea/ ! summ] ( ,a4,d4 #eh1 :5 he 0 arre/$ at ,j]usalem1 to ! autumn ( #fj1 :5 he set sail = ,rome4 ,?is connect$ /ory w enable u to see ! close union ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! n>rative :i* is n[ hidd5 f u because ( ! division into *apt]s1 & w enable u to fix m easily ^u ! lead+ po9ts :i* l5d !mselves to ! purposes ( an expositor4 #bcf ,?us 9 *4 xxiv4 #aj-af he enl>ges ^u ! subject ( ! ,way :i* !y call a sect1 a topic & a "n fully discuss$ above on pp4 #cb1 #cc4 ,i4 ,/4 ,paul1 aft] p>t+ f ! ,ephesian ,*ur*1 emb>k$ on bo>d 8 %ip1 & !n coa/$ along ! we/]n %ore ( ,asia ,m9or = ?ree days1 sail+ amid sc5]y ( ! mo/ en*ant+ description1 specially 9 t late spr+ or e>ly summ] season at :i* ! ye> _h !n arriv$4 ,x 0 ab\t ! fir/ ( ,may1 & all nature 0 bur/+ into new life1 :5 ev5 he>ts1 ! h>de/ & lea/ receptive ( ext]nal influ5ces1 feel z if !y 7 liv+ a portion ( _! y\? ov] aga94 ,& ev5 ,/4 ,paul1 rapt away 9 ! contemplation ( ?+s unse51 mu/ h felt himself t\*$ by ! beauty ( ! sc5es ?r\gh :i* he 0 pass+1 ?\gh ,/4 ,luke tells u no?+ b ! b>e succession ( ev5ts4 ,?ree days aft] leav+ ,miletus ! sacr$ company rea*$ ,pat>a1 a t[n at ! s\?-we/]n corn] ( ,asia ,m9or1 :]e ! coa/ beg9s to turn r\nd t[>ds ! ea/4 ,"h ,/4 ,paul f\nd a trad+ %ip sail+ direct to ,tyre & ,pale/9e1 & !re=e ) all ha/e transf]r$ himself & 8 p>ty into x4 ,! %ip seems to h be5 on ! po9t ( sail+1 :i* suit$ ,/4 ,paul s mu* ! bett]1 anxi\s z he 0 to rea* ,j]usalem 9 "t = ,p5teco/4 ,! j\rney direct f ,pat>a to ,tyre is ab\t ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles1 a ?ree days' sail "u fav\rable circum/ances = ! trad+ vessels ( ! anci5ts1 & ! circum/ances 7 fav\rable4 ,! nor?-we/ w9d is to ?is day ! prevail+ w9d 9 ! ea/]n ,m$it]ranean dur+ ! late spr+ & e>ly summ] season1 & ! nor?-we/ w9d w\ld be ! mo/ fav\rable w9d = an anci5t trad] almo/ entirely dep5d+ on an imm5se ma9 sail = its motive p[]4 ,) su* a w9d ! m]*antm5 ( t age c\ld travel at ! rate ( a hundr$ to a hundr$ & fifty miles a day1 & w\ld !re=e trav]se ! di/ance betwe5 ,pat>a & ,tyre 9 ?ree days1 ! "t we h specifi$4 ,:5 ! vessel arriv$ at ,tyre ,/4 ,paul s\ght out ! local ,*ri/ian congregation4 ,! %ip 0 *>t]$ to br+ a c>go probably ( :eat or w9e to ,tyre1 inasmu* z ,tyre 0 a purely comm]cial city1 & ! t]ritory naturally belong+ to x 0 utt]ly unable to furni% x ) necess>y provisions1 z we h already not$ on ! occasion ( ,h]od ,agrippa's dea?4 ,a week1 !re=e1 0 sp5t 9 unload+ ! c>go1 dur+ :i* ,/4 ,paul devot$ himself to ! in/ruction ( ! local ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,aft] a week's close communion ) ?is em95t s]vant ( ,god1 ! ,tyrian ,*ri/ians1 l ! eld]s ( ,ephesus & ,miletus1 ) _! wives & *ildr5 accompani$ him till !y rea*$ ! %ore1 :]e !y comm5d$ "o ano!r 9 pray] to ,god's c>e & bless+4 ,f ,tyre he sail$ to ,ptolemais1 ?irty miles di/ant4 ,!re aga9 he f\nd ano!r ,*ri/ian congregation1 ) :om he t>ri$ "o day1 & !n leav+ ! %ip proce$$ by ! great coa/ road to ,cs>ea1 a t[n :i* he already knew "r well1 & to :i* he 0 s soon to return z a prison] 9 bonds4 ,at ,cs>ea !re mu/ n[ h be5 a v consid]able ,*ri/ian congregation4 ,9 ,cs>ea ,philip ! ,evangeli/ liv$ & m9i/]$ p]man5tly4 ,!re too resid$ 8 daught]s1 em95t z tea*]s1 & ex]cis+ 9 _! prea*+ or prophetical functions a great influ5ce among ! v mix$ female population ( ! political capital ( ,pale/9e4 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,luke abode 9 ,cs>ea sev]al days 9 ! h\se ( ,philip ! ,evangeli/4 ,he did n wi% to arrive 9 ,j]usalem till close on ! ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/1 & ow+ to ! fair w9ds ) :i* he _h be5 fav\r$ he mu/ h _h a week or m to /ay 9 ,cs>ea4 ,"h ,agabus aga9 appe>s ^u ! sc5e4 ,f\rte5 ye>s be=e he _h pr$ict$ ! fam9e :i* l$ ,/4 ,paul to pay a visit to ,j]usalem :5 br++ up ! alms ( ! ,antio*5e ,*ur* to assi/ ! poor bre?r5 at ,j]usalem1 & n[ he pr$icts ! ,apo/le's approa*+ captivity4 ,! prospect mov$ ! ,*ur* s mu* t ! bre?r5 bes\ght ,/4 ,paul to *ange 8 m9d & n ent] ! ,holy ,city4 ,b 8 m9d 0 made up1 & no?+ w\ld dissuade him f celebrat+ ! ,fea/ z he _h all along propos$4 ,he w5t up !re=e to ,j]usalem1 lodg+ ) ,mnason1 an e>ly disciple1 z ! ,revis$ ,v]sion puts x1 "o !re=e :o trac$ 8 ,*ri/ian convictions back probably to ! celebrat$ ,p5teco/ a qu>t] ( a c5tury e>li]1 :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ fir/ display$ ,8 sup]natural p[] 9 conv]t+ multitudes ( human s\ls4 ,next day he w5t to visit ,james1 ! ,bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 :o receiv$ him w>mly1 grasp$ 8 position1 w>n$ him ( ! rum\rs :i* _h be5 indu/ri\sly & falsely circulat$ z to 8 opposition to ! ,law ( ,moses1 ev5 9 ! case ( born ,jews1 & gave him "s prud5t advice z to 8 c\rse ( action4 ,/4 ,james recomm5d$ t ,/4 ,paul %\ld unite himself ) c]ta9 ,*ri/ian ,naz>ites1 & p]=m ! ,jewi% rites usual 9 su* cases4 ,a ,naz>ite1 z we h already m5tion$1 :5 he took ! ,naz>ite v[ = a limit$ "t aft] "s special deliv]ance v\*saf$ to him1 all[$ 8 hair to gr[ till he c\ld cut x (f 9 ! ,temple1 & h x burn$ 9 ! fire ( ! sacrifices (f]$ up on 8 behalf4 ,^! sacrifices 7 v exp5sive1 z w be se5 at once by a ref]5ce to ,numb]s vi4 #ac-ah1 :]e !y are prescrib$ at full l5g?1 & x 0 always reg>d$ z a m>k ( patriotic piety :5 any /rang] com+ to ,j]usalem (f]$ to defray ! necess>y *>ges = ! poor] ,jews1 & ?us complet$ ! c]emonies connect$ ) ! ,naz>ite v[4 ,/4 ,james advis$ ,/4 ,paul to adopt ?is c\rse1 to unite himself ) ! memb]s ( ! local ,*ri/ian ,*ur* :o 7 unable to defray ! cu/om>y exp5ses1 to pay _! *>ges1 jo9 ) !m 9 ! sacrifices1 & ?us publicly proclaim to ^? :o oppos$ him t1 ?\gh he diff]$ f !m z reg>ds ! ,g5tiles1 hold+ 9 t matt] ) ,/4 ,james himself & ) ! apo/les1 yet z reg>ds ! ,jews1 :e!r at ,j]usalem or ?r\gh\t ! _w at l>ge1 he 0 totally misrepres5t$ :5 m5 ass]t$ t he taught ! ,jews to reject ! ,law ( ,moses4 ,/4 ,paul 0 guid$ by ! advice ( ,james1 & proce$$ to complete ! c]emonial prescrib$ = ! ,naz>ites4 ,?is 0 ! turn+-po9t ( 8 fate4 ,j]usalem 0 !n ?rong$ ) /rang]s f e "p ( ! _w4 ,ephesus & ! prov9ce ( ,asia1 z a great comm]cial c5tre1 & !re=e a great ,jewi% resort1 furni%$ a v l>ge cont+5t4#bcg ,to ^!1 !n1 ,paul 0 well kn[n z an en?usia/ic ,*ri/ian tea*]1 t[>d :om ! synagogues ( ,ephesus felt ! bitt]e/ ho/ility4 ,!y _h (t5 plott$ aga9/ him at ,ephesus1 z ,/4 ,paul himself told ! eld]s 9 8 address at ,miletus1 b _h hi!rto fail$ to effect _! purpose4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 !y seem$ to see _! *ance4 ,!y ?\ght !y _h a popul> cry & a legal accusation "u :i* he might be done to dea? "u ! =ms ( law4 ,^! ,ephesian ,jews _h se5 him 9 ! city 9 company ) ,trophimus1 an uncircumcis$ ,*ri/ian1 belong+ to _! own city1 "o !re=e ^: pres5ce )9 ! temple 0 a capital (f5ce1 ev5 accord+ to ,roman law4#bch ,!y rais$ a cry !re=e t he _h defil$ ! ,holy ,place by br++ into x an uncircumcis$ ,greek2 & ?us r\s$ ! populace to seize ! ,apo/le1 drag him f ! sacr$ prec9cts1 & murd] him4 ,dur+ ! celebration ( ! ,fea/s ! ,roman s5t9els1 /ation$ ^u ! neighb\r+ t[] ( ,antonia :i* ov]look$ ! ,temple c\rts1 wat*$ ! assembl$ cr[ds mo/ n>r[ly1 appreh5sive ( a riot4 ,z soon !re=e z ! fir/ symptoms ( an outbreak occurr$1 ! al>m 0 giv51 ! *ief capta9 ,lysias hurri$ to ! spot1 & ,/4 ,paul 0 rescu$ = ! mom5t4 ,at ! reque/ ( ! ,apo/le1 :o 0 be+ c>ri$ up into ! ca/le1 he 0 all[$ to address ! multitude f ! /airs4 ,!y li/5$ to ! n>rative ( 8 conv]sion v quietly till he came to tell ( ! vision ,god v\*saf$ to him 9 ! ,temple "s tw5ty ye>s be=e1 w>n+ him to leave ,j]usalem1 :5 at ! words ,dep>t1 = ,i w s5d !e =? f> h5ce unto ! ,g5tiles1 all _! p5t-up rage & pride & national jeal\sy bur/ =? anew4 ,/4 ,paul _h be5 address+ !m 9 ! ,hebrew language :i* ! *ief capta9 und]/ood n1 & ! mob probably express$ _! rage & passion 9 ! same language4 ,! *ief capta9 ord]$ ,/4 ,paul to be exam9$ by flogg+ to "k :y !y 7 s outrage\s aga9/ him4 ,m =tunate1 h[ev]1 on ?is occasion ?an at ,philippi1 he claim$ 8 privilege z a ,roman citiz51 & escap$ ! torture4 ,! *ief capta9 0 /ill 9 ignorance ( ! prison]'s crime1 & !re=e he br\ght him ! v next day be=e ! ,sanh$r91 :5 ,/4 ,paul by a happy /roke caus$ su* a division betwe5 ! ,sadducees & ,ph>isees t ! *ief capta9 0 aga9 oblig$ to int]v5e & rescue ! prison] f ! cont5d+ factions4 ,next day1 h[ev]1 ! ,jews =m$ a conspiracy to murd] ! ,apo/le1 :i* 8 nephew discov]$ & reveal$ to ,/4 ,paul & to ,claudius ,lysias1 :o t same night despat*$ him to ,cs>ea4#bci #bcg ,see ,lightfoot's ,ignatius1 vol4 i41 p4 #deb1 ^u ! pres5ce ( ,jews 9 ! t[ns & cities ( ,proconsul> ,asia4 ,antio*us ! ,great transport$ two ?\s& ,jewi% families to ^! p>ts f ,babylonia & ,mesopotamia4 #bch ,inscriptions1 accord+ to ,josephus1 7 grav5 9 ,greek & ,lat9 on /ones fix$ 9 a wall or balu/rade :i* ran r\nd ! ,temple1 w>n+ ! ,g5tiles n to ent] on pa9 ( dea?3 see ,josephus1 ,w>s1 ,v4 v4 #b2 ,antiqq41 ,,xv4 xi4 #e4 ,"o ( ^! /ones 0 discov]$ "s tw5ty ye>s ago by ,m4 ,cl]mont ,ganneau1 ) ! inscription intact4 ,x _h be5 buri$ 9 ! gr\nd on ! ,via ,dolorosa 9 ,j]usalem1 :]e ?is le>n$ ,fr5*man discov]$ x4 ,a transcript ( x c n[ be se5 9 ,lew9's ,/4 ,paul1 ii4 #acc4 ,! inscription lit]ally translat$ runs ?us3 ,no ali5 to pass )9 ! balu/rade r\nd ! ,temple & ! inclosure4 ,:osoev] %all be caught 7s do+7 mu/ blame himself = ! dea? t w ensue4 ,?is /one mu/ (t5 h be5 read by our ,"l & ,8 apo/les1 z !y frequ5t$ ! temple4 #bci ,x is v curi\s h[ p]petually ,/4 ,paul escap$ ! plots ( ! ,jews at ,cor9?1 ,ephesus1 & else:]e4 ,at ,cor9? ! plot =m$ 0 reveal$ z x w\ld seem j z he 0 ab\t to g on bo>d 8 vessel 7*4 xx4 #c74 ,d\btless !re 7 conceal$ ,*ri/ians to ^: e>s ! plots came & by :om !y 7 reveal$4 ,all ^! ev5ts1 f 8 conf]5ce ) ,james to 8 arrival "u gu>d at ,cs>ea1 _c h cov]$ m ?an eight days at ! utmo/1 & yet ! /ory ( !m ext5ds f ! middle ( ! tw5ty-fir/ *apt] to ! close ( ! tw5ty-?ird1 :ile ! record ( twelve mon?s' h>d "w prea*+1 writ+1 organis+ is embrac$ )9 ! fir/ six v]ses ( ! tw5tie? *apt]1 %[+ h[ v diff]5t 0 ,/4 ,luke's n>rative ( affairs1 accord+ z he 0 pres5t or abs5t :5 !y 7 transact$4#bdj #bdj ,see ,lew9's ,fa/i ,sacri1 pp4 #cad-af1 = an elaborate acc\nt ( ea* day's proce$+s1 & a discussion ( ! v>i\s problems1 *ronological & o!rwise1 :i* !y raise4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt] to ! close ( ! tw5ty-six? is tak5 up ) ! acc\nt ( ,/4 ,paul's trials1 at fir/ be=e ,felix1 & !n be=e ,fe/us1 8 successor 9 ! procurator%ip ( ,pale/9e4 ,j let u summ>ise ! c\rse ( ev5ts & di/+ui% betwe5 !m4 ,/4 ,paul 0 despat*$ by ,claudius ,lysias to ,felix accompani$ by a lett] 9 :i* he contrives to put ! be/ con/ruction on 8 own actions1 repres5t+ himself z specially anxi\s ab\t ,/4 ,paul because he 0 a ,roman citiz51 on :i* acc\nt inde$ he describes himself z rescu+ him f ! clut*es ( ! mob4 ,aft] ! lapse ( five days ,/4 ,paul 0 br\ght up be=e ,felix & accus$ by ! ,jews ( ?ree s]i\s crimes 9 ! eyes ( ,roman law z adm9i/]$ 9 ,pale/9e4 ,fir/1 he 0 a mov] ( s$itions among ! ,jews2#bda second1 a r+lead] ( a new sect1 ! ,naz>5es1 unkn[n to ,jewi% law2 & ?ird1 a pr(an] ( ! ,temple1 contr>y to ! law :i* ! ,romans !mselves _h sanction$4 ,on all ^! po9ts ,paul *all5g$ inve/igation & dem&$ pro(1 ask+ :]e 7 ! ,jews f ,asia :o _h accus$ him ( pr(an+ ! ,temple4 ,! ,jews d\btless ?\ght t ,paul 0 a common ,jew1 :o w\ld be yield$ up to _! clam\r by ! procurator1 & knew no?+ ( 8 ,roman citiz5%ip4 ,_! want ( witnesses br\ght ab\t _! failure1 b did n lead to ,/4 ,paul's release4 ,he 0 committ$ to ! cu/ody ( a c5turion1 & fre$om ( access 0 grant$ to 8 fri5ds4 ,9 ?is /ate ,/4 ,paul cont9u$ two full ye>s1 f midsumm] #eh to ! same p]iod ( ,a4,d4 #fj1 :5 ,felix 0 sup]s$$ by ,fe/us4 ,dur+ ^! two ye>s ,felix (t5 conv]s$ ) ,/4 ,paul4 ,felix 0 a ?or\ghly bad man4 ,he ex]cis$1 z a hi/orian ( t "t said ( him1 ! p[] ( a k+ ) ! m9d ( a slave4 ,he 0 tyrannical1 lic5ti\s1 & corrupt1 & hop$ to be brib$ by ,/4 ,paul :5 he w\ld h set him at lib]ty4 ,at ?is p]iod ( 8 life ,/4 ,paul twice came 9 contact ) ! ,h]odian h\se :i* !nce=? disappe>s f sacr$ hi/ory4 ,felix ab\t ! p]iod ( ,/4 ,paul's arre/ entic$ ,drusilla1 ! great-gr&daught] ( ,h]od ! ,great1 f h] husb& ?r\gh ! m$ium z _m ?9k1 ( ,simon ,magus4 ,drusilla 0 v "y & v beautiful1 &1 l all ! ,h]odian wom51 v wick$4#bdb ,felix 0 an op5 adult]]1 !re=e1 & x is no wond] t :5 ,paul reason$ be=e ! guilty pair conc]n+ righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & ! judgm5t to come1 consci5ce %\ld h smitt5 !m & ,felix %\ld h trembl$4 ,/4 ,paul _h ano!r opportunity ( be>+ witness be=e ?is wick$ & blood/a9$ family4 ,fe/us succe$$ ,felix z procurator ( ,pale/9e ab\t ,june ,a4,d4 #fj4 ,)9 ! foll[+ mon? ,agrippa ,,ii41 ! son ( ! ,h]od ,agrippa :o _h di$ ! t]rible dea? at ,cs>ea ( :i* ! twelf? *apt] tells1 came to ,cs>ea to pay 8 respects unto ! new gov]nor4 ,agrippa 0 rul] ( ! k+dom ( ,*alcis1 a di/rict nor? ( ,pale/9e & ab\t ! ,lebanon ,range4 ,he 0 accompani$ by 8 si/] ,b]nice1 :o aft]w>ds became ! mi/ress ( ,titus1 ! conqu]or ( ,j]usalem 9 ! la/ great siege4 ,fe/us _h already he>d ,/4 ,paul's case1 & _h all[$ 8 appeal unto ,cs>4 ,he wi%$1 h[ev]1 to h 8 case inve/igat$ be=e two ,jewi% exp]ts1 ,agrippa & ,b]nice1 :o c\ld in/ruct 8 own ignorance on ! *>ges laid aga9/ him by ! ,jews1 enabl+ him to write a m satisfactory report = ! ,emp]or's guidance4 ,he br\ght ,/4 ,paul !re=e be=e !m1 & gave ! great ,*ri/ian *ampion ano!r opportunity ( be>+ witness = 8 ,ma/] be=e a family :i* n[ = m ?an sixty ye>s _h be5 m or less mix$ up1 b nev] = _! own bless+1 ) ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,aft] a p]iod ( two ye>s & ?ree mon?s' det5tion1 v>i$ by diff]5t public appe>ances1 ,/4 ,paul 0 despat*$ to ,rome to /& 8 trial & make 8 def5ce be=e ! ,emp]or ,n]o1 ^: "n has become a synonym = vice1 brutality1 & self-w4 #bda ,! ,romans 7 always afraid ( ,jewi% s$itions4 ,sev5 ye>s be=e ,/4 ,paul's imprisonm5t !re _h be5 a t]rible outbur/1 9 :i* ,ananias ! high prie/ _h be5 himself involv$1 & :i* l$ to ! despat* ( ,felix himself z procurator4 ,he _h effectually put d[n all di/urbances1 :i* l$ to ! prolongation ( 8 rule 9 ,pale/9e = ! v unusual p]iod ( eight ye>s1 f #eb to #fj ,a4,d4 ,?is acc\nts = ! words ( ,t]tullus 7*4 xxiv4 #b73 ,see+ t by !e we enjoy mu* peace1 & t by ?y provid5ce evils are correct$ = ?is nation4 ,see ,lew9's ,fa/i1 pp4 #bif-ih1 #cae1 #cbj2 ,conybe>e & ,h[son1 *4 xxii42 & = ! late/ au?ority1 ,s*r]'s ,ges*i*te des ,jdis*5 ,volkes1 i4 #dgg-hc1 ii4 #agj 7,leipzig1 #ahhf74 #bdb ,drusilla p]i%$ ) h] *ild by ?is union ) ,felix 9 ! fam\s eruption ( ,vesuvius ,a4,d4 #gi4 ,,ii4 ,we h n[ giv5 a connect$ outl9e ( ,/4 ,paul's hi/ory ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( m ?an two ye>s4 ,let u omit 8 =mal def5ces1 :i* h already come "u our notice1 & take = our m$itation a numb] ( po9ts :i* are peculi> to ! n>rative4 ,we h 9 ! /ory ( ! voyage1 arre/1 & imprisonm5t ( ,/4 ,paul1 _m circum/ances :i* illu/rate ,god's me?ods ( action 9 ! _w1 or else ,8 deal+s ) ! spiritual life4 ,let u take a few in/ances4 ,fir/1 !n1 we direct att5tion to ! /eady ?\gh quiet progress ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? z reveal$ 9 ^! *apt]s4 ,/4 ,paul l&$ at ,tyre1 & f ,tyre he proce$$ "s ?irty miles s\? to ,ptolemais4 ,^! are bo? ( !m t[ns :i* h nev] hi!rto occurr$ 9 our n>rative z places ( ,*ri/ian activity4 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,pet] & ,b>nabas & ! o!r active lead]s ( ! ,*ur* mu/ (t5 h pass$ ?r\gh ^! t[ns1 & :]ev] !y w5t !y /rove to make kn[n ! tid+s ( ! gospel4 ,b we he> no?+ 9 ! ,acts1 & tradition tells u no?+ ( :5 or by :om ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 f\nd$ 9 ^! localities4#bdc #bdc ,see my rem>ks 9 ! next *apt] on ! case ( ! *ur* at ,puteoli1 :i* ,/4 ,paul f\nd fl\ri%+ !re on 8 voyage to ,rome4 ,we get glimpses1 too1 ( ! anci5t organisation ( ! ,*ur*1 b only glimpses2 we h no complete /atem5t1 because ,/4 ,luke 0 writ+ = a man :o liv$ amid/ x1 & c\ld supply ! gaps :i* 8 in=mant left4 ,! presbyt]s are m5tion$ at ,miletus1 & ,agabus ! prophet appe>$ at ,antio* ye>s be=e1 & n[ aga9 he appe>s at ,cs>ea1 :]e ,philip ! ,evangeli/ & 8 daught]s ! prophetesses appe>4 ,prophets & prophesy+ are n conf9$ to ,pale/9e & ,antio*1 ?\gh ! ,acts tells u no?+ ( !m z exi/+ else:]e4 ,! ,epi/le to ,cor9? %[s u t ! prophets occupi$ a v important place 9 t ,*ri/ian community4 ,prophesy+ inde$ 0 pr9cipally prea*+ at ,cor9?2 b x did n exclude pr$iction1 & t aft] ! anci5t ,jewi% me?od1 by action z well z by ^w1 = ,agabus took ,/4 ,paul's girdle1 & b9d+ 8 own h&s & feet decl>$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ told him1 ,s %all ! ,jews at ,j]usalem b9d ! man t owne? ?is girdle1 & deliv] him into ! h&s ( ! ,g5tiles4#bdd ,b h[ little we "k ( ! details ( ! upgr[? ( ! ,*ur* 9 all save ! m prom95t places6 ,h[ entirely ignorant we are1 = in/ance1 ( ! me?ods by :i* ! gospel spread to ,tyre & ,ptolemais & ,puteoli6 ,"h we f9d 9 ! ,acts ! fulfilm5t ( our ,"l's words z report$ 9 ,/4 ,m>k iv4 #bf3 ,s is ! k+dom ( ,god1 z if a man %\ld ca/ se$ ^u ! e>?2 444 & ! se$ %\ld spr+ up & gr[1 he kn[e? n h[4 ,x 0 ) ! la/ & gr&] temple ( ,god z x 0 ) ! fir/4 ,its f\ndations 7 laid1 & its walls 7 built1 n ) s\nd ( axe & hamm]1 b 9 ! p5it5ce ( humbl$ s\ls1 9 ! godly te/imony ( sanctifi$ spirits1 9 ! e>ne/ lives ( holy m5 hidd5 f ! sc(f+ _w1 kn[n only to ! ,almighty4 #bdd ,?is prophecy 0 n lit]ally fulfill$4 ,! ,jews did n b9d ,/4 ,paul1 nor deliv] him into ,g5tile h&s4 ,! ,romans took him out ( ,jewi% h&s1 & b\nd him = _! own purposes4 ,! ,jews1 h[ev]1 br\ght ?is b9d+ ab\t1 & 7 ! cause ( 8 captivity 9 ,roman h&s4 ,on ! "q ( prophets & prophesy+ 9 ! primitive ,*ur*1 see ,dr4 ,salmon's article on ,h]mas1 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,*ri/ian ,biography1 vol4 ii41 pp4 #iaf-ai4 ,aga91 we notice ! advice giv5 by ,james & ! c\rse actually adopt$ by ,/4 ,paul :5 he arriv$ at ,j]usalem4 ,x has ! appe>ance ( compromise ( tru?1 & yet x has ! appe>ance m]ely1 n ! reality ( compromise4 ,x 0 9 effect wise & s\nd advice1 & su* z tea*es lessons useful = our own guidance 9 life4 ,we h already set =? ,/4 ,paul's conception ( ,jewi% rites & c]emonies4 ,!y 7 no?+ 9 ! _w "o way or ano!r1 z view$ f ! ,div9e /&po9t4 ,_! pres5ce did n help on ! "w ( man's salvation2 _! abs5ce did n detract f x4 ,! ,apo/le !re=e took "p 9 !m freely en\gh1 z :5 he celebrat$ ! passov] & ! days ( unleav5$ bread at ,philippi1 view+ !m z m]e national rites4#bde ,he _h be5 successful 9 ! v highe/ degree 9 conv]t+ to ?is view ev5 ! highe/ & /ricte/ memb]s ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,james1 9 advis+ ,/4 ,paul h[ to act on ?is occasion1 :5 su* prejudices _h be5 excit$ aga9/ him1 cle>ly %[s t he _h come r\nd to ,/4 ,paul's view4 ,he tells ,/4 ,paul t ! multitude or body ( ! ,judo-,*ri/ian ,*ur* at ,j]usalem _h be5 excit$ aga9/ him1 because !y _h be5 in=m$ t he taught ! ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion to =sake ,moses1 ! v ?+ ,/4 ,paul did n d4 ,/4 ,james grasp$1 h[ev]1 ,/4 ,paul's view t ,moses & ! ,levitical ,law might be good ?+s = ! ,jews1 b _h no relation to ! ,g5tiles1 & mu/ n be impos$ on !m4 ,/4 ,james _h taught ?is view t5 ye>s e>li] at ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil4 ,8 op9ions & tea*+ _h p]colat$ d[nw>ds1 & ! majority ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* n[ held ! same view z reg>ds ! ,g5tiles1 b 7 z /rong z ev] & z patriotic z ev] s f> z ! ,jews 7 conc]n$1 & ! obligation ( ! ,jewi% ,law ^u !m & _! *ildr54 ,/4 ,paul _h c>ri$ 8 po9t z reg>ds ,g5tile fre$om4 ,& n[ !re came a "t :5 he _h 9 turn to %[ consid]ation & c>e = ,jewi% prejudices1 & act out 8 own pr9ciple t circumcision 0 no?+ & uncircumcision 0 no?+4 ,concessions1 9 fact1 7 n to be all on "o side1 & ,/4 ,paul _h n[ to make a concession4 ,! ,judo-,*ri/ian congregations ( ,j]usalem 7 mu* excit$1 & ,/4 ,paul by a c]ta9 c\rse ( conduct1 p]fectly innoc5t & h>mless1 c\ld pacify _! excit$ patriotic feel+s1 & demon/rate to !m t he 0 /ill a true1 a g5u9e1 & n a r5egade ,jew4 ,x 0 b a little ?+ t ,/4 ,james advis$ & public feel+ dem&$4 ,he _h b to jo9 himself to a p>ty ( ,naz>ites & pay _! exp5ses1 & ?us ,paul w\ld place himself en rapport ) ! ,"m ,*ur* ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,/4 ,paul act$ wisely1 *>itably1 & 9 a ,*ri/like _s :5 he cons5t$ to d z ,/4 ,james advis$4 ,/4 ,paul 0 always em95tly prud5t4 ,!re are "s religi\s m5 :o seem to ?9k t to advise a wise or prud5t c\rse is all ! same z to advise a wick$ or unpr9cipl$ c\rse4 ,!y seem to consid] success 9 any c\rse z a cle> evid5ce ( s91 & failure z a pro( ( hone/y & true pr9ciple4 ,concession1 h[ev]1 is n ! same z unwor?y compromise4 ,x is our duty 9 life to see & make our c\rse ( conduct z fruitful & z successful z possible4 ,concession on little po9ts has a wondr\s p[] 9 smoo?+ ! pa? ( action & ga9+ true success4 ,_m an hone/ man ru9s a good cause simply because he _c di/+ui%1 z ,/4 ,paul did1 ?+s necess>y & ess5tial f ?+s accid5tal & trivial4 ,pig-head$ ob/9acy1 to use a v homely b a v expressive phrase1 :i* inde$ is (t5 only disguis$ pride1 is a great enemy to ! peace & h>mony ( societies & *ur*es4 ,/4 ,paul display$ great boldness "h4 ,he 0 n afraid ( be+ misrepres5t$1 t gho/ :i* fright5s s _m a popul>ity hunt] f ! c\rse :i* is true & "r4 ,h[ easily 8 fi]ce oppon5ts1 ! m5 :o _h gone to ,cor9? & ,galatia to oppose him1 might misrepres5t 8 action 9 jo9+ himself to ! ,naz>ites6 ,!y 7 ! extreme m5 ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ur*4 ,!y 7 ! m5 = :om ! decisions ( ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil _h no weight1 & :o held /ill z ( old t unless a man be circumcis$ he c\ld n be sav$4 ,h[ easily1 ,i say1 ^! m5 c\ld despat* _! emiss>ies1 :o %\ld proclaim t _! oppon5t ,paul _h conc$$ all _! dem&s & 0 himself obs]v+ ! law at ,j]usalem4 ,/4 ,paul 0 n afraid ( ?is misrepres5tation1 b boldly took ! c\rse :i* seem$ to him "r & true1 & *>itable1 despite ! malici\s tongues ( 8 adv]s>ies4 ,! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles left u an example :i* _m /ill require4 ,h[ _m a man is kept f adopt+ a c\rse t is *>itable & t5ds to peace & edification1 solely because he is afraid ( :at oppon5ts may say1 or h[ !y may twi/ & misrepres5t 8 action4 ,/4 ,paul 0 possess$ ) none ( ?is moral c[>dice :i* specially fl\ri%es among s-call$ p>ty-lead]s1 m5 :o1 in/ead ( lead+1 are always l$ & gov]n$ by ! op9ions ( _! foll[]s4#bdf ,/4 ,paul simply det]m9$ 9 8 consci5ce :at 0 "r1 & !n fe>lessly act$ out 8 det]m9ation4 #bde ,/4 ,paul1 writ+ twelve mon?s e>li] ?an 8 arre/1 expressly lays d[n ?is pr9ciple 9 #a ,cor9?ians vii4 #ah-bj3 ,0 any man call$ be+ circumcis$8 let him n become uncircumcis$4 ,ha? any be5 call$ 9 uncircumcision8 let him n be circumcis$4 ,circumcision is no?+1 & uncircumcision is no?+2 b ! keep+ ( ! comm&m5ts ( ,god4 ,let ea* man abide 9 t call+ :]e9 he 0 call$4 #bdf ,we see en\gh ( ?is 9 politics4 ,we see x 9 ! ,*ur* z well4 ,writ+ z "o ) ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury's exp]i5ce ( a dise/abli%$1 & !re=e ( a popul>ly gov]n$ ,*ur*1 ,i h se5 a great deal ( ?is t5d5cy 9 ecclesia/ical matt]s4 ,prom95t & ambiti\s m5 are ev] apt to fall into ! sn>e "h not$4 ,! t5d5cy ( popul> assemblies is ev] to develop a class ( m5 :o w h b little backbone1 & w be always ready to rectify _! convictions to suit _! con/itu5cies4 ,%[ ?\ me ! way ,i %\ld walk 91 b 9 a v diff]5t s5se f ! ,psalmi/'s1 is ! unutt]$ pray] ( _! lives1 address$ to ! popul> audi5ces ( ^: op9ions !y are ! m]e expressions1 n ! guides4 ,= su* m5 ?is typical hi/ory has _m a repro( 9 ,/4 ,paul's brave conduct ^u ?is & e o!r occasion4 ,he 0 nev] afraid ( a little tempor>y misrepres5tation1 & !re=e he prov$ a real guide to ! ,*ur* ( 8 own & ( e age4 ,"s p]sons p]haps w\ld argue t ! result ( 8 action %[$ t he 0 wrong & _h unwor?ily compromis$ ! cause ( ,*ri/ian fre$om4 ,!y ?9k t _h he n cons5t$ to appe> z a ,naz>ite 9 ! ,temple no riot w\ld h occurr$1 8 arre/ w\ld h be5 avoid$1 & ! c\rse ( hi/ory might h be5 v diff]5t4 ,b "h we w\ld jo9 issue on ! spot4 ,! results ( 8 action v9dicat$ 8 ,*ri/ian wisdom4 ,! great body ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ur* 7 conv9c$ ( 8 s9c]ity & realis$ 8 position4 ,he ma9ta9$ 8 influ5ce ov] !m1 :i* _h be5 s]i\sly imp]ill$ previ\sly1 & ?us help$ on ! c\rse ( developm5t :i* _h be5 go+ on4 ,t5 ye>s be=e ! advocates ( ,g5tile fre$om 7 b a small body4 ,n[ ! va/ majority ( ! local *ur* at ,j]usalem held fa/ to ?is idea1 :ile /ill cl++ fa/ to ! obligation laid ^u ! ,jews to obs]ve ! law4 ,/4 ,paul did 8 be/ to ma9ta9 8 fri5d%ip & alliance ) ! ,j]usalem ,*ur*4 ,to put himself "r ) !m he travell$ up to ,j]usalem1 :5 fre% fields & spl5did prospects 7 op5+ up = him 9 ! ,we/4 ,= ?is purpose he submitt$ to sev]al days re/ra9t & att5dance 9 ! ,temple1 & ! results v9dicat$ 8 det]m9ation4 ,! ,j]usalem ,*ur* cont9u$ ! same c\rse ( ord]ly developm5t1 & :51 t5 ye>s lat]1 ,j]usalem 0 ?reat5$ ) de/ruction1 ! ,*ri/ian congregations alone rose above ! n>r[ bigot$ patriotism :i* b\nd ! ,jews to ! ,holy ,city4 ,! ,*ri/ians alone realis$ t ! day ( ! ,mosaic ,law 0 at l5g? pass$1 &1 retir+ to ! neighb\r+ city ( ,pella1 escap$ ! de/ruction :i* await$ ! fanatical adh]5ts ( ! ,law & ! ,temple4#bdg #bdg ,see ,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e41 iii4 #e1 & ! notes ( ,valesius on t passage4 ,ano!r answ]1 too1 may be made to ?is objection4 ,x 0 n 8 action 9 ! matt] ( ! ,naz>ites t br\ght ab\t ! riot & ! arre/ & 8 consequ5t imprisonm5t4 ,x 0 ! ho/ility ( ! ,jews ( ,asia2 & !y w\ld h assail$ him :5ev] & :]ev] !y met him4 ,/udy+ ! matt] too ev5 9 view ( results1 we %\ld draw ! opposite conclusion4 ,god ,himself approv$ 8 c\rse4 ,a ,div9e vision 0 v\*saf$ to him 9 ! gu>d-room ( ,antonia1 aft] he _h twice exp]i5c$ ,jewi% viol5ce1 & be/[$ ^u him ! approbation ( ,heav53 ,! night foll[+ ! ,"l /ood by him1 & said1 ,be ( good *e]2 = z ?\ ha/ te/ifi$ conc]n+ ,me at ,j]usalem1 s mu/ ?\ be> witness also at ,rome4 ,8 c\rage\s & at ! same "t *>itable action 0 v9dicat$ by its results on ! ,j]usalem ,*ur*1 by ! sanction ( ,*ri/ ,himself1 & la/ly1 by its bless$ results ^u ! developm5t ( ! ,*ur* at l>ge 9 lead+ ,/4 ,paul to ,rome1 9 giv+ him a wid] & m influ5tial sph]e = 8 ef=ts1 & 9 af=d+ him leisure to write epi/les l ^? to ,ephesus1 ,philippi1 & ,coloss1 :i* h be5 s in/ructive & useful = ! ,*ur* ( all ages4 ,ano!r po9t :i* has ex]cis$ m5's m9ds is f\nd 9 ,/4 ,paul's attitude & words :5 br\ght be=e ! ,sanh$r9 on ! day aft] 8 arre/4 ,! /ory is told 9 ! op5+ v]ses ( ! tw5ty-?ird *apt]4 ,let u quote !m1 z !y vividly pres5t ! difficulty3 ,& ,paul1 look+ /$fa/ly on ! c\ncil1 said1 ,bre?r51 ,i h liv$ be=e ,god 9 all good consci5ce until ?is day4 ,& ! high prie/ ,ananias comm&$ !m t /ood by him to smite him on ! m\?4 ,!n said ,paul unto him1 ,god %all smite !e1 ?\ :it$ wall3 & sitte/ ?\ to judge me accord+ to ! law1 & comm&e/ me to be smitt5 contr>y to ! law8 ,& !y t /ood by said1 ,revile/ ?\ ,god's high prie/8 ,& ,paul said1 ,i wi/ n1 bre?r51 t he 0 high prie/3 = x is writt51 ,?\ %alt n speak evil ( a rul] ( ?y p4 ,two difficulties "h pres5t !mselves4 7a7 ,!re is ,/4 ,paul's language1 :i* c]ta9ly seems want+ 9 ,*ri/ian meekness1 & n exactly modell$ aft] ! example ( ,*ri/1 :o1 :5 ,he 0 revil$1 revil$ n aga91 & laid d[n 9 ,8 ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt a law ( suff]+ to :i* ,/4 ,paul does n "h con=m4 ,b ?is is only a difficulty = ^? :o h =m$ a sup]human e/imate ( ,/4 ,paul aga9/ :i* we h sev]al times prote/$1 & aga9/ :i* ?is v book ( ! ,acts seems to take special c>e to w>n its read]s4 ,if p w make ! ,apo/le z s9less & z p]fect z our ,"l1 !y w ( c\rse be surpris$ at 8 language on ?is occasion4 ,b if !y reg>d him 9 ! light 9 :i* ,/4 ,luke portrays him1 z a man ( l passions & infirmities ) !mselves1 !n !y w feel no difficulty 9 ! fact t ,/4 ,paul's natural temp] 0 r\s$ at ! brutal & illegal comm& to smite a helpless prison] on ! m\? because he _h made a /atem5t :i* a memb] ( ! c\rt did n reli%4 ,?is passage seems to me n a difficulty1 b a div9ely guid$ passage witness+ to ! inspir+ influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ins]t$ to *a/5 our w&]+ fancy :i* w\ld exalt ! ,apo/le to a position equal to t :i* rightly belongs to 8 ,div9e ,ma/] alone4 7b7 ,!n !re is a second difficulty4 ,"s h ?\ght t ,/4 ,paul told a lie 9 ?is passage1 & t1 :5 def5d+ himself f ! *>ge ( unscriptural insol5ce to ! high prie/1 he m]ely pret5d$ ignorance ( 8 p]son1 say+1 ,i wi/ n1 bre?r51 t he 0 high prie/4 ,! old] comm5tators devis$ v>i\s explanations ( ?is passage4 ,dr4 ,john ,lightfoot1 9 8 ,hor ,hebraic1 treat+ ( ?is v]se1 sums !m all up z foll[s4 ,ei!r ,/4 ,paul means t he did n recognise ,ananias z high prie/ because he did n lawfully occupy ! (fice1 or else because t ,*ri/ 0 n[ ! only high prie/2 or else because !re _h be5 s _m & s frequ5t *anges t z a matt] ( fact he did n "k :o 0 ! actual high prie/4 ,none ( ^! is a satisfactory explanation4 ,mr4 ,lew9 (f]s :at /rikes me z ! mo/ natural explanation1 consid]+ all ! circum/ances4 ,ananias 0 appo9t$ high prie/ ab\t #dg1 cont9u$ 9 (fice till #ei1 & 0 kill$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! great ,jewi% w>4 ,he 0 a ?or\ghly hi/orical "*1 & 8 high prie/hood is gu>ante$ = u by ! te/imony ( ,josephus1 :o tells u ( 8 v>i$ =tunes & ( 8 tragic dea?4 ,b ,/4 ,paul nev] probably once saw him1 z he 0 abs5t f ,j]usalem1 except = "o brief visit all ! "t :ile he enjoy$ supreme (fice4 ,n[ ! ,sanh$r9 consi/$ ( sev5ty-"o judges1 !y sat 9 a l>ge hall ) a cr[d ( scribes & pupils 9 front ( !m1 & ! high prie/1 z we h already po9t$ out 7vol4 i41 p4 #aha71 0 n necess>ily presid5t or *airman4 ,/4 ,paul 0 v %ort-sight$1 & ! oph?almia "u :i* he cont9ually suff]$ 0 probably mu* int5sifi$ by ! viol5t treatm5t he _h exp]i5c$ ! day be=e4 ,c\ld any?+ be m natural ?an t a %ortsight$ man %\ld n recognise 9 su* a cr[d ! p>ticul> p]son :o _h utt]$ ?is v brief1 b v tyrannical comm&1 ,smite him on ! m\?8 ,surely an imp>tial review ( ,/4 ,paul's life %[s him ev] to h be5 at lea/ a man ( /rik+ c\rage1 & !re=e "o :o w\ld nev] h desc5d$ to cloke 8 own ha/y words ) ev5 ! %ad[ ( an untru?6#bdh #bdh ,!re is no necessity to adopt =c$ & unnatural explanations :5 an easy "o lies ready to our h&1 & we all h daily exp]i5ce h[ h>d x is = ev5 a ke5-sight$ man to di/+ui% among a cr[d ! p]son :o utt]s a brief exclamation2 a fact :i* ! debates 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons (t5 illu/rate4 ,i c myself q appreciate ,/4 ,paul's difficulty4 ,i am extremely %ort-sight$1 & am nev] able to disc]n--say 9 a meet+ ( "o ( our synods--:o x is t int]rupts or contradicts me4 ,aga91 ! read9ess & quickness ( ,/4 ,paul 9 seiz+ ^u e opportunity ( escape h important tea*+ = u4 ,^u f\r diff]5t occasions at ?is crisis he display$ ?is *>act]i/ic4 ,let u note !m = our guidance4 ,:5 he 0 rescu$ by ! *ief capta9 & 0 c>ri$ into ! ca/le1 ! capta9 ord]$ him to be exam9$ by sc\rg+ to elicit ! true cause ( ! riot1 ,/4 ,paul !n avail$ himself ( 8 privilege z a ,roman citiz5 to escape t torture4 ,:5 he /ood be=e ! c\ncil he p]ceiv$ ! old division betwe5 ! ,ph>isees & ! ,sadducees to be /ill 9 exi/5ce1 :i* he _h kn[n long ago :5 he 0 himself connect$ ) x4 ,he skilfully avail$ himself ( t circum/ance to raise diss5sion among 8 oppon5ts4 ,he grasp$ ! ess5tial pr9ciple :i* lay at ! basis ( 8 tea*+1 & t 0 ! doctr9e ( ! ,resurrection & ! ass]tion ( ! reality ( ! spiritual _w4 ,)\t t doctr9e ,*ri/ianity & ,*ri/ian tea*+ 0 utt]ly mean+less1 & 9 t doctr9e ,ph>isees & ,*ri/ians 7 unit$4 ,dropp+ ! l9e ( def5ce he 0 ab\t to (f]1 :i* probably w\ld h proce$$ to %[ h[ true to consci5ce & to ,div9e light _h be5 8 c\rse ( life1 he cri$ out1 ,i am a ,ph>isee1 a son ( ,ph>isees3 t\*+ ! hope & resurrection ( ! dead ,i am call$ 9 "q4 ,grotius1 an old & le>n$ comm5tator1 deal+ ) *4 xxiii4 #f1 has well summ$ up ! pr9ciples on :i* ,/4 ,paul act$ on ?is occasion 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,/4 ,paul 0 n lack+ 9 human prud5ce1 mak+ use ( :i* = ! s]vice ( ! gospel1 he int]m+l$ ! wisdom ( ! s]p5t ) ! g5tl5ess ( ! dove1 & ?us utilis$ ! diss5sions ( 8 enemies4 ,yet once m we see ! same tact 9 op]ation4 ,aft] ! meet+ ( ! ,sanh$r9 & 8 rescue f out ( its v mid/1 a plot 0 =m$ to assass9ate him1 ( :i* he 0 in=m$ by 8 nephew4 ,!n aga9 ,/4 ,paul did n let ?+s slide1 tru/+ 9 ! ,div9e c>e alone4 ,he knew "r well t ,god dem&$ ( m5 ( fai? t !y %\ld be fell[-work]s ) ,god & l5d ,him _! co-op]ation4 ,he knew too ! horror :i* ! ,roman au?orities _h ( riot & ( all illegal measures2 he despat*$ 8 nephew !re=e to ! *ief capta91 & by 8 read9ess ( res\rce sav$ himself f imm95t dang]4 ,la/ly1 we f9d ! same *>act]i/ic trait com+ out at ,cs>ea4 ,8 exp]i5ce ( ,roman rule taught him ! anxiety ( new gov]nors to please ! p among :om !y came4 ,he knew t ,fe/us w\ld be anxi\s to gratify ! ,jewi% au?orities 9 any way he possibly c\ld4 ,!y 7 v desir\s to h ! ,apo/le transf]r$ f ,cs>ea to ,j]usalem1 sure t 9 "s way or ano!r !y c\ld !re dispose ( him4 ,kn[+ !re=e ! dang]\s position 9 :i* he /ood1 ,/4 ,paul's read9ess & tact aga9 came to 8 help4 ,he knew ,roman law ?or\ghly well4 ,he knew t z a ,roman citiz5 he _h "o res\rce left by :i* 9 "o brief s5t5ce he c\ld transf] himself out ( ! jurisdiction ( ,sanh$r9 & ,procurator alike1 & ( ?is he avail$ himself at ! critical mom5t1 pron\nc+ ! magic words ,cs>em ,appello 7,i appeal unto ,cs>74 ,/4 ,paul left 9 all ^! cases a heal?y example :i* ! ,*ur* urg5tly requir$ 9 subsequ5t ye>s4 ,he _h no morbid crav+ aft] suff]+ or dea?4 ,no man ev] liv$ 9 a clos] communion ) 8 ,god1 or 9 a m /eadfa/ read9ess to dep>t & be ) ,*ri/4 ,b he knew t x 0 8 duty to rema9 at 8 po/ till ! ,capta9 ( 8 salvation gave a cle> note ( )drawal1 & t cle> note 0 only giv5 :5 e av5ue ( escape 0 cut (f4 ,/4 ,paul !re=e us$ 8 k & 8 tact 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! ,ma/]'s w & discov] :e!r x 0 ,8 wi% t ,8 fai?ful s]vant %\ld dep>t or t>ry yet a:ile = ! dis*>ge ( 8 e>?ly duties4 ,i h said t ?is 0 an example necess>y = ! ,*ur* 9 subsequ5t ages4 ,! "q ( flight 9 p]secution became a v practical "o z soon z ! ,roman ,empire assum$ an attitude def9itely ho/ile to ! ,*ur*4 ,! m extreme & fanatical p>ty n only refus$ to take any measures to secure _! safety or escape dea?1 b r ru%$ headlong ^u x1 & upbraid$ ^? z traitors & r5egades :o tri$ 9 any way to avoid suff]+4#bdi ,f ! e>lie/ times1 f ! days ( ,ignatius ( ,antio* himself1 we see ?is morbid t5d5cy display+ itself2 :ile ! ,*ur* 9 ! p]son ( sev]al ( its greate/ lead]s--m5 l ,polyc>p & ,cyprian1 :o !mselves retir$ f imp5d+ dang] till ! ,roman au?orities discov]$ !m--%[$ t ,/4 ,paul's wis] tea*+ & example 7 n ?r[n away4#bej ,quietism 0 a view :i* two c5turies ago made a great /ir bo? 9 ,engl& & ,france1 & seems embodi$ to "s ext5t 9 c]ta9 mod]n =ms ( ?\ght4 ,x taught t believ]s %\ld lie q passive 9 ,god's h&s & make no ef=t = !mselves4 ,quietism w\ld nev] h f\nd a foll[] 9 ! vigor\s m9d ( ,/4 ,paul1 :o prov$ himself ?r\gh all ^? trials & vicissitudes ( m ?an two ye>s ev] ready ) "s new device :]e) to meet ! hatr$ ( 8 foes4#bea #bdi ,any read] :o wi%es to see h[ ?is "q 0 discuss$ ab\t ! ye> #bjj ,a4 ,d4 %\ld turn to ,t]tullian's treatise ,de ,fuga 9 ,p]secutione1 c4 #f41 9 8 works translat$ 9 ,cl>k's ,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y1 vol4 i41 p4 #cfd1 :]e ,t]tullian admits t ! apo/les fl$ 9 "t ( p]secution1 b argues t ! p]mission to d s 0 m]ely tempor>y & p]sonal to ! apo/les4 ,! /udy ( ,*ur* hi/ory is specially useful 9 %[+ u h[ exactly ! same t5d5cies em]ge 9 anci5t & mod]n s*isms & sects4 ,t]tullian w\ld h be5 a ,quieti/ _h he liv$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury2 see note #b1 p4 #ddf4 #bej ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,antio* 0 v desir\s ( m>tyrdom4 ,/4 ,polyc>p fifty ye>s avoid$ x till he 0 arre/$4 ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 9 8 ,/romata1 iv4 #af1 #ag1 condemns ! suicidal passion = m>tyrdom4 ,/4 ,cyprian1 en?usia/ic z he 01 retir$ l ,polyc>p till escape 0 impossible4 ,^! holy m5 all act$ l ,/4 ,paul4 ,!y wait$ till ,god _h intimat$ ,8 w by %utt+ up all way ( escape4 ,! /ory ( ,polyc>p has an int]e/+ w>n+ aga9/ presumptu\s ru%+ ^u trials4 ,qu9tus1 "o ( ,/4 ,polyc>p's flock1 gave himself up to dea?4 ,8 c\rage fail$ him at ! la/1 & he became an apo/ate3 see on ?is subject ,lightfoot's ,ignatius & ,polyc>p1 vol4 i41 pp4 #ch1 #cic1 #fjc4 #bea ,quietism1 ,jans5ism1 & ,quak]ism 7 all manife/ations ( ! same _s1 & arose ab\t ! same "t4 ,mol9os 0 ! f\nd] ( ,quietism 9 ,spa94 ,a concise acc\nt ( ! movem5t w be f\nd 9 ,s*affs ,!ological ,encyclopdia 9 connexion ) ! names ( ,mol9os & ,guyon4 ,,iii4 ,we notice la/ly 9 ! n>rative ( ,/4 ,paul's imprisonm5t 8 int]views ) & 8 te/imony be=e ! memb]s ( ! h\se ( ,h]od4 ,/4 ,pet] _h exp]i5ce ( ! fa!r ( ,h]od ,agrippa1 & n[ ,/4 ,paul comes into contact ) ! *ildr51 ,agrippa1 ,drusilla & ,b]nice4 ,& ?us x came ab\t4 ,felix ! procurator1 z we h already expla9$1 0 a v bad man1 & _h entic$ ,drusilla f h] husb&4 ,he d\btless told h] ( ! ,jewi% prison] :o lay a captive 9 ! city :]e %e 0 liv+4 ,! ,h]ods 7 a clev] race1 & !y knew all ab\t ,jewi% hopes & ,messianic expectations1 & !y ev] seem to h be5 haunt$ by a c]ta9 curiosity conc]n+ ! new sect ( ! ,naz>5es4 ,"o ,h]od desir$ = a long "t to see ,jesus ,*ri/1 & 0 delight$ :5 ,pilate gratifi$ 8 long+4 ,drusilla1 d\btless1 0 equally curi\s1 & easily p]suad$ h] husb& to gratify h] desire4 ,we !re=e read 9 *4 xxiv4 #bd1 ,b aft] c]ta9 days1 ,felix came ) ,drusilla1 8 wife1 :i* 0 a ,jewess1 & s5t = ,paul1 & he>d him conc]n+ ! fai? 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,nei!r ( !m calculat$ on ! k9d ( man !y _h to d )4 ,/4 ,paul knew all ! circum/ances ( ! case4 ,he adapt$ 8 spee* !reto4 ,he made a p[]ful appeal to ! consci5ce ( ! guilty pair4 ,he reason$ ( righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & ! judgm5t to come1 & b5ea? 8 weighty words ,felix trembl$4 ,8 convictions 7 r\s$4 ,he exp]i5c$ a transi5t season ( p5it5ce1 su* z t\*$ ano!r guilty memb] ( ! ,h]odian h\se :o fe>$ ,john & did _m ?+s gladly to w9 8 approval4 ,b habits ( s9 _h grasp$ ,felix too firmly4 ,he temporis$ ) 8 consci5ce4 ,he put (f ! day ( salvation :5 x 0 dawn+ on him1 & 8 words1 ,g ?y way = ?is "t1 & :5 ,i h a conv5i5t season ,i w call !e unto me1 became ! typical language ( all ^? s\ls = :om procra/9ation1 want ( decision1 trifl+ ) spiritual feel+s1 h be5 ! om5s & ! causes ( et]nal ru94 ,b ,felix & ,drusilla 7 n ! only memb]s ( ! ,h]odian h\se ) :om ,paul came 9 contact4 ,felix & ,drusilla left ,pale/9e :5 two ye>s ( ,/4 ,paul's imprisonm5t _h elaps$4 ,fe/us1 ano!r procurator1 foll[$1 & began 8 c\rse1 z all ! ,roman rul]s ( ,pale/9e began !irs4 ,! ,jews1 :5 ,felix visit$ ,j]usalem1 bes\ght him to deliv] ! prison] ly+ b\nd at ,cs>ea to ! judgm5t ( _! ,sanh$r94 ,fe/us1 all p[]ful z a ,roman gov]nor usually 01 d>$ n treat a ,roman citiz5 ?us )\t 8 own cons5t1 & :5 t cons5t 0 ask$ ,paul at once refus$1 kn[+ "r well ! int5tions ( ! ,jews1 & appeal$ unto ,cs>4 ,a ,roman gov]nor1 h[ev]1 w\ld n s5d a prison] to ! judgm5t ( ! ,emp]or )\t /at+ ! crime imput$ to him4 ,j at t mom5t ,h]od ,agrippa1 k+ ( ,*alcis & ( ! di/rict ( ,itura1 toge!r ) 8 si/] ,b]nice1 appe>$ on ! sc5e4 ,he 0 a ,jew1 & 0 well acqua9t$ !re=e ) ! accusations br\ght aga9/ ! ,apo/le1 & c\ld in=m ! procurator :at report he %\ld s5d to ! ,emp]or4 ,fe/us !re=e br\ght ,paul be=e !m1 & gave him ano!r opportunity ( exp\nd+ ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! law ( love & purity :i* t fai? involv$ to a family :o ev] treat$ t law ) pr(\nd contempt4 ,/4 ,paul avail$ himself ( t opportunity4 ,he address$ 8 :ole disc\rse to ! k+1 & t disc\rse 0 typical ( ^? he address$ to ,jewi% audi5ces4 ,x 0 l ! s]mon deliv]$ to ! ,jews 9 ! synagogue ( ,antio* 9 ,pisidia 9 "o important aspect4 ,bo? disc\rses ga!r$ r\nd ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z _! c5tral idea4 ,/4 ,paul began 8 address be=e ,agrippa ) t doctr9e1 & he end$ ) ! same4 ,! hope ( ,israel1 t[>ds :i* _! cont9u\s wor%ip t5d$1 0 ! resurrection ( ! dead4 ,t 0 ,/4 ,paul's op5+ idea4 ,! same note lay b5ea? ! n>rative ( 8 own conv]sion1 & !n he return$ back to 8 orig9al /atem5t t ! ,ris5 ,*ri/ 0 ! hope ( ,israel & ( ! _w taught by ,moses & proclaim$ by prophets4 ,b x 0 all 9 va9 z reg>ds ,agrippa & ,b]nice4 ,! ,h]ods 7 magnific5t1 clev]1 beautiful4 ,b !y 7 ( ! e>?1 e>?y4 ,agrippa said inde$ to ,paul1 ,) b little p]suasion ?\ w\lde/ fa9 make me a ,*ri/ian4 ,b x 0 n s\ls l 8 = :om ! gospel message 0 int5d$4 ,! ,h]ods knew no?+ ( ! burd5 ( s9 or ! ke5 long+ ( s\ls desir\s ( hol9ess & ( ,god4 ,!y 7 satisfi$ ) ! pres5t transi5t sc5e1 & enjoy$ x ?or\ghly4 ,agrippa's fa!r :5 he lay a-dy+ at ,cs>ea consol$ himself ) ! reflection t ?\gh 8 c>e] 0 prematurely cut %ort1 yet at any rate he _h liv$ a spl5did life4 ,& su* z ! p>5t _h be51 su* 7 ! *ildr54 ,k+ ,agrippa & 8 si/] ,b]nice 7 true types ( ! /ony-gr\nd he>]s1 ) :om ! c>e ( ! _w & ! deceitfulness ( ri*es *oke ! ^w4 ,& !y *ok$ ! ^w s effectually 9 8 case1 ev5 :5 taught by ,/4 ,paul1 t ! only result ^u ,agrippa1 z ,/4 ,luke reports x1 0 ?is3 ,agrippa said unto ,fe/us1 ,?is man might h be5 set at lib]ty1 if he _h n appeal$ unto ,cs>4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,9 ,,p]ils ,,on ,,! ,,sea4 ,& :5 x 0 det]m9$ t we %\ld sail = ,italy1 !y deliv]$ ,paul & c]ta9 o!r prison]s to a c5turion nam$ ,julius1 ( ! ,augu/an b&4 ,& emb>k+ 9 a %ip ( ,adramyttium1 :i* 0 ab\t to sail unto ! places on ! coa/ ( ,asia1 we put to sea1 ,ari/>*us1 a ,mac$onian ( ,!ssalonica1 be+ ) u4 ,& ! next day we t\*$ at ,sidon3 & ,julius treat$ ,paul k9dly1 & gave him leave to g unto 8 fri5ds & refre% himself4--,,acts xxvii4 #a-c4 ,& :5 we ent]$ into ,rome1 ,paul 0 suff]$ to abide by himself ) ! soldi] t gu>d$ him4--,,acts xxviii4 #af4 ,?is *apt] t]m9ates our survey ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 & leads u at ! same "t to contemplate ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles 9 a new light z a travell] & z a prison]1 9 bo? :i* aspects he has mu* to tea* u4 ,:5 ,/4 ,paul 0 despat*$ to ! judgm5t-seat ( ,cs> f ! port ( ,cs>ea1 he _h arriv$ at ! middle ( 8 long captivity4 ,broadly speak+ he 0 five ye>s a prison] f ! day ( 8 arre/ at ,j]usalem till 8 release by ! decision ( ,n]o4 ,he 0 a prison] = m ?an two ye>s :5 ,fe/us s5t him to ,rome1 & !n at ,rome he sp5t two m ye>s 9 captivity1 :ile 8 voyage occupi$ fully six mon?s4 ,let u n[ fir/ ( all look at t captivity1 & /rive to discov] ^? purposes ( good !re9 :i* ,god hides amid/ all 8 disp5sations & *a/isem5ts4 ,we d n always realise :at a l5g? ( "t 0 consum$ 9 ! imprisonm5ts ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,he mu/ h sp5t f ! middle ( #eh to ! beg9n+ ( #fc z a prison] cut (f f _m ( ^? v>i\s activities 9 :i* he _h previ\sly lab\r$ s pr(itably = ,god's cause4 ,t mu/ h seem$ to himself & to _m o!rs a t]rible loss to ! gospel2 & yet n[1 z we look back f our vantage-po9t1 we c see _m reasons :y ! guidance ( 8 heav5ly ,fa!r may h l$ directly to ?is imprisonm5t1 :i* prov$ exce$+ly useful = himself & 8 own s\l's heal?1 = ! pa/ guidance & = ! p]petual edification ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,!re is a text 9 ,ephesians iv4 #a :i* ?r[s "s light on ?is incid5t4 ,9 t ,epi/le1 writt5 :5 ,/4 ,paul 0 a captive at ,rome1 he describes himself ?us1 ,i !re=e ! prison] 9 ! ,"l1 or ! prison] ( ! ,"l1 z ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion puts x4 ,^! words occur z ! beg9n+ ( ! ,epi/le = ! ,sev5te5? ,sunday aft] ,tr9ity4 ,n[ !re is (t5 a m>vell\s am\nt ( spiritual wisdom & in/ruction to be ga9$ f a comp>ison betwe5 ! epi/les & gospels & ! collects = ea* ,sunday4 ,all my read]s may n agree 9 ! :ole !ological sy/em :i* und]lies ! ,pray] ,book1 b e "o w ackn[l$ge t its s]vices & _! con/ruction are ! result ( ri* & v>i$ spiritual exp]i5ces ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( m ?an a ?\s& ye>s4 ,! m]e contra/ ( an epi/le & ( a collect w (t5 sugge/ ?\ghts deep & se>*+4 ,s x is ) ?is text1 ,i !re=e ! prison] 9 ! ,"l4 ,x is prec$$ by ! brief pi?y pray]1 ,"l1 we pray ,!e t ,?y grace may always prev5t & foll[ u1 & make u cont9ually to be giv5 to all good works1 ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,! words ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,ephesians speak+ ( himself z ! prison] ( ,god & 9 ,god sugge/$ imm$iately ! idea ( ,god's grace surr\nd+1 %ap+1 con/ra9+ to ,8 s]vice e ext]nal circum/ance2 & ?us l$ to ! =mation ( ! collect :i* 9 fact prays t we may realise ourselves z s completely ,god's z1 l ! ,apo/le1 cont9ually to be giv5 to all good works4 ,/4 ,paul realis$ himself z s prev5t$1 us+ t ^w 9 its anci5t s5se1 prec$$ & foll[$ by ,god's grace1 gu>d$ be=e & beh9d by x1 t he look$ beyond ! ?+s se51 & disc>d+ all second>y ag5ts & all l[] in/rum5ts1 he view$ 8 imprisonm5t z ,god's own imm$iate "w4 ,i4 ,let u !n see 9 :at way we may reg>d ,/4 ,paul's imprisonm5t z an arrangem5t & outcome ( ,div9e love4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ,/4 ,paul 9 8 own p]sonal life4 ,?is p]iod ( imprisonm5t1 ( en=c$ re/ & retirem5t1 may h be5 absolutely necess>y = him4 ,/4 ,paul _h sp5t _m a long & busy ye> build+ up ! spiritual life ( o!rs1 f\nd+ *ur*es1 tea*+ conv]ts1 prea*+1 debat+1 /ruggl+1 suff]+4 ,8 life _h be5 "o ( int5se spiritual1 intellectual1 bodily activity on behalf ( o!rs4 ,b no "o c be engag$ 9 int5se activity )\t wa/+ "s ( ! spiritual life & =ce necess>y = himself4 ,religi\s "w1 ! mo/ direct spiritual activity1 visit+ ! sick1 or prea*+ ! gospel1 or celebrat+ ! sacram5ts1 make a trem5d\s call ^u our devotional p[]s & directly t5d to l[] our spiritual vitality1 unless we seek abundant & frequ5t r5ewal !re( at ! s\rce ( all spiritual vitality & life4 ,n[ ,god by ?is long imprisonm5t took ,/4 ,paul aside once aga91 z ,he _h tak5 him aside tw5ty ye>s be=e1 amid ! rocks ( ,s9ai4 ,god laid hold ( him 9 8 c>e] ( ext]nal bus9ess1 z ,he laid hold ( ,moses 9 ! c\rt ( ,ph>aoh1 lead+ him into ! wild]ness ( ,midian = =ty long ye>s4 ,god made ,/4 ,paul ,8 prison] t1 hav+ lab\r$ = o!rs1 & hav+ t5d$ dilig5tly _! spiritual v9ey>d1 he might n[ wat* ov] & t5d 8 own = a "t4 ,& ! wondr\s mann] 9 :i* he pr(it$ by 8 imprisonm5t is manife/ f ?is v ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 9 :i* he describes himself z ,god's prison]--n1 be x obs]v$1 ! prison] ( ! ,jews1 or ( ! ,romans1 or ( ,cs>1 b z ! prison] ( ,god--deal+ 9 ! pr(\nde/ mann]1 z t ,epi/le does1 ) ! greate/ my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,/4 ,paul _h an opportunity dur+ ^? f\r or five ye>s1 su* z he nev] _h be=e1 ( realis+2 dige/+1 & assimilat+ 9 all _! fulness ! doctr9es he _h s long proclaim$ to o!rs1 & 0 ?us enabl$ out ( ! dep? ( 8 own p]sonal exp]i5ce to prea* :at he felt & knew to be true1 ! only k9d ( tea*+ :i* w ev] be wor? any?+4 ,aga91 ,/4 ,paul designates himself ! prison] ( ! ,"l because ( ! b5efits 8 imprisonm5t conf]r$ ^u ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,take 8 imprisonm5t at ,cs>ea alone4 ,we are n expressly told any?+ ab\t 8 lab\rs dur+ t "t4 ,b kn[+ ,/4 ,paul's int5se en]gy we may be sure t ! :ole local ,*ri/ian community e/abli%$ 9 t important c5tre :5ce ! gospel c\ld diffuse itself z f> z ! extreme/ we/ on ! "o side & ! extreme/ ea/ on ! o!r1 0 p]meat$ by 8 tea*+ & vitalis$ by 8 example4 ,he 0 all[$ great fre$om1 z ! ,acts decl>es4 ,felix gave ord]s to ! c5turion t he %\ld be kept 9 *>ge1 & %\ld h indulg5ce2 & n to =bid any ( 8 fri5ds to m9i/] unto him4 ,if we take ! v>i\s c5turions to :om he 0 intru/$1 we may be sure t ,/4 ,paul mu/ h omitt$ no opportunity ( lead+ !m to ,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul seems to h kn[n h[ to make 8 way to ! he>ts ( ,roman soldi]s1 z 8 subsequ5t treatm5t by ,julius ! c5turion %[s1 & t p]mission ( ! gov]nor w\ld be lib]ally int]pret$ :5 deputies f di/ant *ur*es s\ght 8 pres5ce4 ,mess5g]s f ! v>i\s missions he _h f\nd$ mu/ h _h rec\rse to ,cs>ea dur+ ^? two ye>s sp5t !re1 & !nce too 0 d\btless despat*$ _m a missive ( advice & exhortation4 ,at ,cs>ea1 too1 may !n h be5 writt5 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,luke4 ,lew9 7vol4 i41 p4 #bba71 inde$1 places its composition at ,philippi1 :]e ,/4 ,luke lab\r$ = sev]al ye>s prior to ,/4 ,paul's visit 9 #eg ,a4,d4 aft] leav+ ,ephesus2 & he gives z 8 reason = ?is conclusion t ,/4 ,paul call$ ,/4 ,luke 9 #b ,cor4 viii4 #ah1 writt5 ab\t t "t1 ! bro!r ^: praise is 9 ! ,gospel1 ref]r+ to 8 ,gospel !n lately publi%$4#beb ,i ?9k ! sugge/ion mu* m likely t ,/4 ,luke took advantage ( ?is pause 9 ,/4 ,paul's activity to write 8 ,gospel at ,cs>ea :5 he _h n m]ely ! assi/ance ( ! ,apo/le himself1 b ( ,philip ! deacon1 & 0 )9 easy rea* ( ,/4 ,james & ! ,j]usalem ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel be>s evid5t traces ( ,/4 ,paul's ideas & doctr9e1 0 decl>$ by ,ir5u 7,hr41 iii4 #a7 to h be5 compos$ "u 8 direction1#bec & may ) mu* probability be reg>d$ z "o ( ! bless$ results fl[+ =? f ,/4 ,paul's det5tion z ,*ri/'s prison] giv5 by ,him 9 *>ge to ! ,roman gov]nor4 #beb ,?is involves1 h[ev]1 ! supposition t ,/4 ,luke's n>rative _h !n obta9$ its m mod]n "n ( ! ,gospel1 :i* is 9 my op9ion an ana*ronism4 ,9 ! e>lie/ writ+s :i* ref] to apo/olic n>ratives !y are simply call$ ! writ+s or memoirs or comm5t>ies ( ! apo/les1 z 9 ,ari/ides1 c4 xvi41 & ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,apol41 i4 #fg4 ,9 ,ari/ides !re is "o passage 9 *4 ii4 :]e ! ^w gospel is us$1 b n 9 ! s5se ( a special title = a book3 ,?is is taught f t ,gospel :i* a little :ile ago 0 spok5 among !m z be+ prea*$2 :]e9 if ye also w read1 ye w compreh5d ! p[] t is ^u x4 ,ir5u1 ,,iii4 xi4 #g1 #h1 is ! e>lie/ ,i c n[ recall :o uses ! ^w gospel 9 ?is te*nical s5se4 ,he speaks !re ( ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 etc4 ,b ?is 0 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! second c5tury4 ,9 ! ye> #eg1 :5 ,second ,cor9?ians 0 writt51 ! ^w gospel 0 appli$ to ! :ole body ( reveal$ tru? held by ! ,*ur*1 & n to a book4 #bec ,ir541 iii4 #a3 ,luke1 also ! companion ( ,paul1 record$ 9 a book ! gospel prea*$ by him4 ,) respect to ! relation betwe5 ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,luke1 see also ,ir541 iii41 xiv41 xv4 ,! ,apo/le's ,roman imprisonm5t aga9 0 mo/ pr(itable to ! ,*ur* ( ! imp]ial capital4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,rome _h be5 f\nd$ by ! ef=ts ( individuals4 ,private ,*ri/ians did ! "w1 n apo/les or em95t evangeli/s4 ,/4 ,paul came to x fir/ ( all z a prison]1 & f\nd x a fl\ri%+ *ur*4 ,& yet he b5efit$ & bless$ x greatly4 ,he c\ld n1 inde$1 prea* to cr[d$ audi5ces 9 synagogues or porticoes z he _h done else:]e4 ,b he bless$ ! ,*ur* ( ,rome mo/ *iefly by 8 individual ef=ts4 ,?is man came to him into 8 own hir$ h\se1 & t man foll[$ him attract$ by ! magnetic influ5ce he seem$ to be> ab\t4 ,! soldi]s appo9t$ z 8 keep]s 7 told ! /ory ( ! ,cross & ! glad tid+s ( ! resurrection life1 & ^! individual ef=ts 7 fruitful 9 va/ results1 s t ev5 into ! h\sehold & palace ( ! ,cs>s did ?is pati5t1 quiet1 evangeli/ic "w ext5d its influ5ce4#bed ,n[h]e else1 9 fact1 n ev5 9 ,cor9?1 :]e ,/4 ,paul sp5t two :ole ye>s op5ly tea*+ )\t any s]i\s int]ruption2 n ev5 9 ,ephesus1 :]e he lab\r$ s long t all :o dwelt 9 ,asia he>d ! ^w2 n[h]e else1 0 ! ,apo/le's m9i/ry s effective z "h 9 ,rome1 :]e ! prison] ( ! ,"l 0 conf9$ to individual ef=t & completely laid aside f m public & enl>g$ activity4 ,x 0 ) ,/4 ,paul z x is ) ,god's mess5g]s /ill4 ,x is n eloqu5t or excit$ public ef=ts1 or plat=m addresses1 or public debates1 or clev] books t are mo/ fruitful 9 spiritual results4 ,nay1 x is (t5 ! quiet individual ef=ts ( private ,*ri/ians1 ! te/imony ( a pati5t suff]] p]haps1 ! witness all-p[]ful ) m51 ( a life trans=m$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh by ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 & liv$ 9 ! p]petual sun%9e ( ,god's reconcil$ c\nt5ance4 ,^! are ! te/imonies t speak mo/ effectually = ,god1 mo/ directly to s\ls4 #bed ,! subject ( ,*ri/ianity & ! h\sehold ( ,cs>ea w\ld =m an int]e/+ subject ( inquiry did only space p]mit4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 ! less hesitation 9 pass+ x ov] because x has be5 exhau/ively discuss$ by ,bi%op ,lightfoot 9 ! foll[+ places1 to :i* ,i mu/ ref] my read]s3 ,philippians1 ,introduction pp4 #a-bh1 & 9 diss]tations on1 pp4 #ig-ajb & #afi-gf4 ,?is is also ! subject ( an elaborate monograph by ,pr(essor ,h>nack 9 ! ,pr9ceton ,review = ,july #ahgh1 entitl$ ,*ri/ians & ,rome1 ) :i* %\ld be comp>$ ,s*r]'s ,ges*i*te des ,jdis*5 ,volkes1 ii4 #ejf-eab1 & a treatise publi%$ by him ,die ,geme9dev]fassung d] ,jud5 9 ,rom41 ,leipzig #ahgi4 ,la/ly1 ,/4 ,paul's imprisonm5t bless$ ! ,*ur* ( e age1 & ?r\gh x bless$ mank9d at l>ge f> m ?an 8 lib]ty & 8 ext]nal activity c\ld h done 9 "o o!r direction4 ,is x n a contradiction 9 t]ms to say t ! imprisonm5t ( ?is c\rage\s lead]1 ?is eloqu5t prea*]1 ?is ke51 subtle debat] %\ld h be5 m pr(itable to ! ,*ur* ?an ! ex]cise ( 8 ext]nal fre$om & lib]ty1 :5 all ^! dormant p[]s w\ld h f\nd ample scope = _! complete manife/ation8 ,& yet if ,*ri/ _h n laid ,8 arre/+ h& ^u ! active1 ext]nal lab\r 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul _h be5 absorb$1 if ,*ri/ _h n ca/ ! busy ,apo/le into ! ,roman prison-h\se1 ! ,*ur* ( all future "t w\ld h be5 depriv$ ( ^? ma/]ly expositions ( ,*ri/ian tru? :i* %e n[ enjoys 9 ! v>i\s ,epi/les ( ! ,captivity1 & specially 9 ^? address$ to ! *ur*es ( ,ephesus1 ,philippi1 & ,coloss4 ,we h n[ not$ "s ( ! bless+s result+ f ,/4 ,paul's five ye>s' captivity1 & indicat$ a l9e ( ?\ght :i* may be appli$ to ! :ole n>rative conta9$ 9 ! two *apt]s ) :i* we are deal+4 ,/4 ,paul 0 a captive1 & t captivity gave him access at ,cs>ea to v>i\s classes ( society1 to ! soldi]s1 & to all t imm5se cr[d ( (ficials connect$ ) ! seat ( gov]nm5t1 qu/ors1 tribunes1 assessors1 app>itors1 scribes1 advocates4 ,8 captivity !n l$ him on bo>d %ip1 & br\ght him into contact ) ! sailors & ) a numb] ( pass5g]s drawn f div]se l&s4 ,a /orm came on1 & !n ! ,apo/le's self-possession1 8 calm ,*ri/ian c\rage1 :5 e "o else 0 panic-/rick51 gave him influ5ce ov] ! motley cr[d4 ,! waves flung ! %ip ( ,alex&ria 9 :i* he 0 travell+ ^u ,malta1 & 8 /ay !re dur+ ! tempe/u\s w9t] mon?s became ! basis ( ! conv]sion ( its inhabitants4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ,/4 ,paul's life & c\rse at ?is season we c trace ! outcome ( ,div9e love1 ! p[] ( ,div9e provid5ce %ap+ ,god's s]vant = ,8 own purposes1 re/ra9+ man's wra? :5 x wax$ too fi]ce1 & caus+ ! rema9d] ( t wra? to praise ,him by its bless$ results4 ,,ii4 ,let u n[ ga!r up into a brief n>rative ! /ory conta9$ 9 ^! two *apt]s1 s t we may ga9 a bird's eye view ov] ! :ole4 ,fe/us ent]$ ^u 8 prov9cial rule ab\t ,june ,a4,d4 #fj4 ,accord+ to ,roman law ! outgo+ gov]nor1 ( :atev] k9d he 01 _h to await 8 successor's arrival & h& ov] ! re9s ( gov]nm5t--a v natural & prop] rule :i* all civilis$ gov]nm5ts obs]ve4 ,we h no idea h[ va/ ! app>atus ( prov9cial1 or1 z we %\ld say1 colonial gov]nm5t among ! ,romans 01 & h[ m9ute _! regulations 71 till we take up "o ( ^? helps :i* ,g]man s*ol>s h furni%$ t[>ds ! k ( antiquity1 z1 = in/ance1 ,momms5's ,roman ,prov9ces1 :i* c be read 9 ,engli%1 or ,m>qu>dt's ,rmis*e ,/aatsv]waltung1 vol4 i41 :i* c be /udi$ ei!r 9 ,g]man or ,fr5*4#bee ,! v city :]e fir/ ! new gov]nor 0 to appe> & ! me?od ( fulfill+ 8 duties z ! ,judge ( ,assize 7 m9utely laid d[n & duly foll[$ a well-e/abli%$ r\t9e4 ,we f9d ^! ?+s indicat$ 9 ! case ( ,fe/us4 ,he arriv$ at ,cs>ea4 ,he wait$ ?ree days till 8 pr$ecessor _h left = ,rome1 & !n he asc5d$ to ,j]usalem to make ! acqua9tance ( t v tr\blesome & v influ5tial city4 ,felix !n return$ to ,cs>ea aft] t5 days sp5t 9 ga9+ an intimate k ( ! v>i\s po9ts ( a city :i* (t5 be=e _h be5 ! c5tre ( rebellion1 & :]e he might at any mom5t be call$ ^u to act ) /]nness & decision4 ,he at once he>d ,/4 ,paul's cause z ! ,jews _h dem&$1 br\ght him a second "t be=e ,agrippa1 & !n 9 virtue ( 8 appeal to ,cs> despat*$ him to ,rome 9 c>e ( a c5turion & a small b& ( soldi]s1 a l>ge gu>d n be+ necess>y1 z ! prison]s 7 n ord9>y crim9als1 b = ! mo/ "p m5 ( "s position1 ,roman citiz5s1 d\btless1 :o _h1 l ! ,apo/le1 appeal$ unto ! judgm5t ( ,cs>4#bef ,/4 ,paul emb>k$1 accompani$ by ,luke & ,ari/>*us1 z ! %ip1 be+ an ord9>y trad+ vessel1 conta9$ n only prison]s1 b also pass5g]s z well4 ,we d n int5d to ent] ^u ! details ( ,/4 ,paul's voyage1 because t lies beyond our range1 & also because x has be5 ?or\ghly done 9 ! v>i\s ,lives ( ! ,apo/le1 & above all 9 ! exhau/ive "w ( ,mr4 ,james ,smi? ( ,jordanhills4 ,he has devot$ a volume to ?is "o topic1 has explor$ e s\rce ( k1 has ent]$ into discussions t\*+ ! build & rigg+ ( anci5t %ips & ! direction ( ,m$it]ranean w9ds1 has m9utely inve/igat$ ! sc5]y & hi/ory ( su* places z ,malta :]e ! ,apo/le 0 wreck$1 & has illu/rat$ ! :ole ) beautiful plates & c>efully drawn maps4 ,t "w has gone ?r\gh f\r editions at lea/1 & des]ves a place 9 e man's libr>y :o wi%es to und]/& ! life & lab\rs ( ,/4 ,paul or /udy ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 )\t tr5*+ on ,mr4 ,smi?'s field1 indicate ! outl9e ( ! r\te foll[$ by ! holy travell]s4 ,!y emb>k$ at ,cs>ea "u ! c>e ( a c5turion ( ! ,augu/an cohort1 or regim5t1 z we %\ld say1 ^: "n 0 ,julius4#beg ,!y took _! passage at fir/ 9 a %ip ( ,adramyttium1 :i* 0 probably sail+ f ,cs>ea to lie up = ! w9t]4 ,adramyttium 0 a seaport situat$ up 9 ! nor?-we/ ( ,asia ,m9or ne> ,troas1 & ! ,sea ( ,m>mora1 or1 to put x 9 mod]n language1 ne> ,con/ant9ople4 ,! %ip 01 9 fact1 ab\t to travel ov] exactly ! same gr\nd z ,/4 ,paul himself _h trav]s$ m ?an two ye>s be=e :5 he proce$$ f ,troas to ,j]usalem4 ,surely1 "s "o may say1 ?is 0 n ! direct r\te to ,rome6 ,b !n we mu/ ?r[ ourselves back into ! circum/ances ( ! p]iod4 ,!re 0 !n no regul> transport s]vice4 ,p1 ev5 ! mo/ exalt$1 _h to avail !mselves ( :atev] means ( communication *ance (f]$4 ,cic]o1 :5 *ief gov]nor ( ,asia1 _h1 z we h already not$1 to travel "p ( ! way f ,rome 9 undeck$ vessels1 :ile t5 ye>s lat] ?an ,/4 ,paul's voyage ! ,emp]or ,vespasian himself1 ! greate/ pot5tate 9 ! _w1 _h no trireme or w>%ip wait+ ^u him1 b :5 he wi%$ to proce$ f ,pale/9e to ,rome at ! "t ( ! great siege ( ,j]usalem 0 oblig$ to take a passage 9 an ord9>y m]*ant vessel or corn %ip4#beh ,x is no wond]1 !n1 t ! prison]s 7 put on bo>d a coa/+ vessel ( ,asia1 ! c5turion kn[+ "r well t 9 sail+ along by ! v>i\s ports :i* /udd$ ! %ore ( t prov9ce !y w\ld f9d "s o!r vessel into :i* !y c\ld be transf]r$4 ,& ?is expectation 0 realis$4 ,! c5turion & 8 prison]s sail$ fir/ ( all to ,sidon1 :]e ,/4 ,paul f\nd a ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,?is circum/ance illu/rates aga9 ! quiet & /eady gr[? ( ! gospel k+dom1 & also gave ,julius an opportunity ( exhibit+ 8 k9dly feel+s t[>ds ! ,apo/le by p]mitt+ him to g & visit ! bre?r54 ,9 fact1 we w\ld conclude f ?is circum/ance t ,/4 ,paul _h already begun to e/abli% an influ5ce ov] ! m9d ( ,julius :i* mu/ h culm9at$ 9 8 conv]sion4 ,"h1 at ,sidon1 he p]mits him to visit 8 ,*ri/ian fri5ds2 a %ort "t aft] 8 reg>d = ,paul leads him to re/ra9 8 troops f execut+ ! m]ciless purposes _! ,roman discipl9e _h taught !m & slay+ all ! prison]s le/ !y %\ld escape2 & yet once aga9 :5 ! prison]s l& on ,italian soil & /& beside ! *>m+ sc5]y ( ! ,bay ( ,naples he p]mits ! ,apo/le to sp5d a week ) ! ,*ri/ians ( ,puteoli4 ,aft] ?is brief visit to ! ,sidonian ,*ur*1 ! vessel be>+ ! ,apo/le pursues its way by ,cyprus to ! port ( ,myra at ! s\?-we/]n corn] ( ,asia ,m9or1 a neighb\rhood :i* ,/4 ,paul knew "r well & _h (t5 visit$4 ,x 0 !re at ,pat>a close at h& t he _h emb>k$ on bo>d ! vessel :i* c>ri$ him two ye>s be=e to ,pale/9e1 & x 0 !re too at ,p]ga ( ,pamphylia t he _h fir/ l&$ on ! %ores ( ! ,asiatic prov9ce seek+ to ga!r its teem+ millions into ! fold ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,"h at ,myra ! c5turion realis$ 8 expectations1 & f9d+ an ,alex&rian transport sail+ to ,italy he put ! prison]s on bo>d4 ,f ,myra !y seem to h sail$ at once1 & f ! day !y left x _! mis=tunes began4 ,! w9d 0 contr>y1 bl[+ f ! we/1 & to make any way !y _h to sail to ! isl& ,cnidus1 :i* lay nor?-we/ ( ,myra4 ,aft] a "t1 :5 ! w9d became fav\rable1 !y sail$ s\?-we/ till !y rea*$ ! isl& ( ,crete1 :i* lay half-way betwe5 ,greece & ,asia ,m9or4 ,!y !n proce$$ along ! s\!rn coa/ ( ?is isl& till !y 7 /ruck by a sudd5 w9d com+ f ! nor?-ea/1 :i* drove !m fir/ to ! neighb\r+ isl& ( ,clauda1 & !n1 aft] a =tnight's drift+ ?r\gh a tempe/u\s sea1 hurl$ ! %ip ^u ! %ores ( ,malta4 ,! wreck took place t[>ds ! close ( ,octob] or e>ly 9 ,novemb]1 & ! :ole p>ty 7 oblig$ to rema9 9 ,malta till ! spr+ season p]mitt$ ! op5+ ( navigation4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,malta ,/4 ,paul p]=m$ sev]al miracles4 ,) 8 int5sely practical & helpful nature ! ,apo/le flung himself into ! "w ( common life1 z soon z ! %ipwreck$ p>ty _h got safe to l&4 ,he always did s4 ,he nev] despis$1 l "s religi\s fanatics1 ! duties ( ?is _w4 ,on bo>d ! %ip he _h be5 ! mo/ useful advis] to ! :ole p>ty4 ,he _h exhort$ ! capta9 ( ! %ip n to leave a good hav52 he _h /irr$ up ! soldi]s to prev5t ! sailors' escape2 he _h urg$ !m all alike1 crew & pass5g]s & soldi]s1 to take food1 =esee+ ! t]rible /ruggle !y w\ld h to make :5 ! %ip broke up4 ,he 0 ! mo/ practical advis] 8 companions c\ld possibly h _h1 & he 0 _! wise/ & mo/ religi\s advis] too4 ,8 words on bo>d %ip teem ) lessons = ourselves1 z well z = 8 fell[-pass5g]s4 ,he tru/$ 9 ,god1 & receiv$ special revelations f heav51 b he did n !re=e neglect e necess>y human precaution4 ,! w ( ,god 0 reveal$ to him t he _h be5 giv5 all ! s\ls t sail$ ) him1 & ! angel ( ,god *e]$ & com=t$ him 9 t /orm-driv5 vessel 9 ,adria1 z (t5 be=e :5 h[l+ mobs ?ir/$ l ev5+ wolves = 8 blood4 ,b ! k ( ,god's purposes did n cause 8 ex]tions to relax4 ,he knew t ,god's promises are conditional ^u man's ex]tions1 & !re=e he urg$ 8 companions to be fell[-work]s ) ,god 9 ! matt] ( _! own salvation f imp5d+ dea?4 ,& z x 0 on bo>d ! %ip1 s 0 x on ! %ore4 ,! ra9 0 desc5d+ 9 torr5ts1 & ! dr5*$ pass5g]s 7 %iv]+ 9 ! cold4 ,/4 ,paul %[s ! example1 s contagi\s 9 a cr[d1 ( a man :o _h 8 wits ab\t him1 knew :at to d1 & w\ld d x4 ,he ga!r$ !re=e a bundle ( /icks1 & help$ to raise a l>g] fire 9 ! h\se :i* _h receiv$ him4 ,a man is m>vell\sly helpful among a c[]+ & panic-/rick5 cr[d :i* has j escap$ dea? :o w r\se !m to "s practical ef=ts = !mselves1 & w lead ! way z ! ,apo/le did on ?is occasion4 ,& 8 action br\ght its own rew>d4 ,he _h ga9$ influ5ce ov] ! pass5g]s1 soldi]s1 & crew by 8 practical helpfulness4 ,he 0 n[ to ga9 influ5ce ov] ! b>b>ian isl&]s 9 exactly ! same way4 ,a vip] issu$ f ! fire & fa/5$ on 8 h&4 ,! natives expect$ to see him fall d[n dead2 b aft] look+ a:ile & p]ceiv+ no *ange1 !y conclud$ him to be a god :o _h come to visit !m4 ,?is report soon spread4 ,! *ief man !re=e ( ! isl& s\ght out ,/4 ,paul & ent]ta9$ him4 ,8 fa!r 0 sick ( dys5t]y & ! ,apo/le heal$ him1 us+ pray] & ! imposition ( h&s z ! outw>d symbols & means ( ! cure1 :i* spread 8 fame /ill f>!r & l$ to o!r miracul\s cures4 ,?ree mon?s ?us pass$ away4 ,no di/9ct mission>y "w is inde$ record$ by ,/4 ,luke1 b ?is is 8 usual cu/om 9 writ+ 8 n>rative4 ,he supposes t ,!ophilus1 8 fri5d & correspond5t1 w und]/& t ! ,apo/le ev] kept ! great end ( 8 life 9 view1 nev] omitt+ to tea* ,*ri/ & ,him crucifi$ to ! p]i%+ multitudes :]e 8 lot 0 ca/4 ,b ,/4 ,luke 0 n "o ( ^? :o are always attempt+ to *ronicle spiritual successes or to tabulate ! numb] ( s\ls l$ to ,*ri/4 ,he left t to ano!r day & to a bett] & m infallible judge4 ,9 ?ree mon?s' "t1 :5 ,febru>y's days grew long] & mild] w9ds began to bl[1 ! rescu$ travell]s jo9$ a corn %ip ( ,alex&ria :i* _h w9t]$ 9 ! isl&1 & all set =w>d t[>ds ,rome4 ,!y t\*$ at ,syracuse 9 ,sicily1 sail$ !nce to ,rhegium1 pass+ ?r\gh ! ,/raits ( ,mess9a1 :5ce1 a fav\rable s\? w9d spr++ up1 & ! vessel runn+ be=e x at ! rate ( sev5 knots an h\r1 ! usual spe$ = anci5t vessels "u su* circum/ances1 !y arriv$ at ,puteoli1 "o hundr$ & eighty-two miles di/ant f ,rhegium1 9 ! c\rse ( "s ?irty h\rs4 ,at ,puteoli ! sea voyage end$4 ,x may at fir/ seem /range to u ) our mod]n notions t ,/4 ,paul 0 all[$ to t>ry at ,puteoli ) ! local ,*ri/ian ,*ur* = sev5 days4 ,b !n we mu/ rememb] t ,/4 ,paul & ! c5turion did n live 9 ! days ( telegraphs & railway tra9s4 ,!re 0 d\btless a gu>d-room1 b>rack or prison 9 :i* ! prison]s c\ld be accommodat$4 ,! c5turion & gu>d 7 we>y aft] a long & dang]\s j\rney1 & !y w\ld be glad ( a brief p]iod ( repose be=e !y set out aga9 t[>ds ! capital4 ,?is hypo!sis alone w\ld be q suffici5t to acc\nt = ! indulg5ce grant$ to ,/4 ,paul1 ev5 suppos+ t 8 ,*ri/ian tea*+ _h made no impression on ! c5turion4 ,! ,*ur* exi/+ !n at ,puteoli is ano!r in/ance ( t quiet diffusion ( ! gospel :i* 0 go+ on all ov] ! _w )\t any noise or boa/+4 ,we h frequ5tly call$ att5tion to ?is1 z at ,tyre1 ,ptolemais1 ,sidon1 & "h aga9 we f9d a little company ( sa9tly m5 & wom5 ga!r$ out ( ! _w & liv+ ! ideal life ( purity & fai? beside ! wat]s ( ! ,bay ( ,naples4 ,& yet x is q natural t we %\ld f9d !m at ,puteoli1 because x 0 "o ( ! great ports :i* receiv$ ! corn %ips ( ,alex&ria & ! m]*antm5 ( ,cs>ea & ,antio* into h] h>b\r1 & 9 ^! %ips _m a ,*ri/ian came br++ ! se$ ( et]nal life :i* he dilig5tly s[$ z he travell$ along ! j\rney ( life4 ,9 fact1 see+ t ! ,*ur* ( ,rome _h sprung up & fl\ri%$ s abundantly1 tak+ its orig9 n f any apo/le's tea*+1 b simply f su* sporadic effects1 we _c wond] t ,puteoli1 :i* lay "r on ! road f ! ,ea/ to ,rome1 %\ld also h ga9$ a bless+4#bei ,a circum/ance1 h[ev]1 has come to light )9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s :i* does surprise u conc]n+ ?is same neighb\rhood1 %[+ h[ ext5sively ! gospel _h p]meat$ & honeycomb$ ! c\ntry p>ts ( ,italy )9 ! lifetime ( ! fir/ apo/les & disciples ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,puteoli 0 a trad+ t[n1 & ,jews congregat$ 9 su* places1 & trade l5ds an elem5t ( s]i\sness to life :i* prep>es a gr\nd fitt$ = ! good se$ ( ! k+dom4 ,b pleasure pure & unmitigat$ & a life devot$ to its pursuit does n prep>e su* a soil4 ,puteoli 0 a trad+ city1 b ,pompeii 0 a pleasure-lov+ city ?9k+ ( no?+ else1 & :]e s9 & iniquity consequ5tly ab\nd$4 ,yet ,*ri/ianity _h made its way into ,pompeii 9 ! lifetime ( ! apo/les4 ,h[ !n d we "k ?is8 ,?is is "o ( ! results ( mod]n ar*ological inve/igations & ( epigraphical rese>*1 two great s\rces ( new light ^u e>ly ,*ri/ian hi/ory :i* h be5 only ( late ye>s duly appreciat$4 ,pompeii1 z e p]son ( mod]ate education kn[s1 0 totally ov]?r[n by ! fir/ great eruption ( ,m\nt ,vesuvius 9 ! ye> #gi ,a4,d4 ,x is a curi\s circum/ance t contemporane\s au?ors make b ! v slighte/ & mo/ dubi\s ref]5ces to t de/ruction1 ?\gh "o w\ld h ?\ght t ! lit]ature ( ! "t w\ld h rung ) x2 prov+ conclusively1 if pro( be ne$$1 h[ little ! argum5t f sil5ce is wor?1 :5 ! great writ]s :o tell m9utely ab\t ! intrigues & vices ( emp]ors & /atesm5 ( ,rome d n be/[ a s+le *apt] ^u ! cata/rophe :i* ov]took two :ole cities ( ,italy4#bfj ,^! cities rema9$ = sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s conceal$ f human sight or k till reveal$ 9 ! ye> #agee by excavations sy/ematically pursu$4 ,all ! inscriptions f\nd !re9 7 und\bt$ly & necess>ily ! "w ( p]sons :o liv$ be=e ,a4,d4 #gi & !n p]i%$4 ,n[ at ! "t t ,pompeii 0 de/roy$ !re 0 a municipal election go+ on1 & !re 7 f\nd on ! walls num]\s inscriptions =m$ ) *>coal :i* 7 ! sub/itutes !n us$ = ! lit]ature & plac>ds ) :i* e election decorates our walls4 ,among ^! inscriptions ( m]e pass+ & transitory int]e/1 !re 0 "o f\nd :i* illu/rates ! po9t at :i* we h be5 lab\r+1 = !re1 amid ! election notices ( #gi ,a4,d41 !re appe>$ scribbl$ by "s idle h& ! brief words1 ,igni gaude1 ,*ri/iane 7,o ,*ri/ian1 rejoice 9 ! fire71 prov+ cle>ly t ,*ri/ians exi/$ 9 ,pompeii at t "t1 t !y 7 kn[n z ,*ri/ians & n "u any o!r appellation1 t p]secution & dea? _h rea*$ !m1 & t !y possess$ & display$ ! same undaunt$ _s z _! great lead] & tea*] ,/4 ,paul1 be+ enabl$ l him to rejoice ev5 amid ! sev5fold-heat$ fires1 & 9 view ( ! resurrection life to lift ! victori\s pan1 ,?anks be to ,god1 :i* give? u ! victory ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4#bfa #bee ,! gov]nors br\ght ) !m regul> bodies ( assessors1 :o assi/$ !m l a privy c\ncil4 ,!re is a ref]5ce to ?is c\ncil 9 ,acts xxv4 #ab & xxvi4 #cj4 ,^! c\ncils s]v$ z tra9+ s*ools 9 law & /atesman%ip = ! "y ,roman nobility4 ,see ,m>qu>dt1 l4c41 p4 #cia4 #bef ,roman citiz5s _h ! "r ( appeal no matt] :]e !y 7 born or ( :at race !y came or h[ humble _! lot 9 life4 ,m]e prov9cials devoid ( citiz5%ip1 no matt] h[ di/+ui%$ _! position1 _h n t "r4 #beg ,julius is "o ( ^? unkn[n *>act]s ( ,scripture ab\t :om we w\ld desire m in=mation4 ,he is describ$ z a c5turion ( ! ,augu/an b&1 :i* 0 ! imp]ial gu>d1 & 0 always /ation$ at ,rome4 ,julius may possibly h be5 an (fic] ( ?is gu>d s5t out ) ,fe/us & n[ return+ back to 8 duties4 #beh ,see ,josephus1 ,w>s1 ,,vii4 ii4 #a4 ,x 0 exactly ! same ) ,titus1 ,vespasian's son1 aft] ! w> end$4 ,he travell$ f ,alex&ria to ,italy 9 a trad+ vessel4 ,suet41 ,tit41 c4 #e4 #bei ,! accuracy ( ! ,acts 9 repres5t+ ,puteoli z ! seat ( an e>ly *ur* has be5 amply illu/rat$ by mod]n inve/igations4 ,judaism 0 fl\ri%+ !re f ! e>lie/ times4 ,9 ! ye> #d ,b4,c4 a colony ( weal?y ,jews 0 e/abli%$ at ,puteoli 7,josephus1 ,w>s1 ,,ii4 vii4 #a74 ,an inscription has be5 f\nd !re commemorat+ a ,jewi% m]*ant ( ,ascalon nam$ ,h]od 7,s*r]'s ,jdis*4 ,volk41 ,i4 #bcd74 #bfj ,?is po9t is elaborat$ by ,mr4 ,caz5ove 9 an article on ! ,!ban ,legion conta9$ 9 ! ,diction>y ( ,*ri/ian ,biography1 iii4 #fdb4 #bfa ,?is int]e/+ inscription w be f\nd 9 ,momms51 ,corpus ( ,lat9 ,inscriptions1 vol4 iv41 ,no4 #fgi4 ,i describ$ x 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review = ,janu>y #ahha1 p4 #ig1 9 an article on ,lat9 ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions4 ,?is inscription fully be>s out ,"l ,lytton 9 ! picture he gives ( ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity into ! neighb\rhood ( ,vesuvius & ,naples 9 8 ,la/ ,days ( ,pompeii4 ,aft] ! week's re/ at ,puteoli ! c5turion m>*$ t[>ds ,rome4 ,! ,roman congregation _h receiv$ notice ( ,/4 ,paul's arrival by ?is "t1 & s ! bre?r5 despat*$ a deputation to meet an apo/le ) :om !y 7 already well acqua9t$ ?r\gh ! epi/le he _h s5t !m1 z well z ?r\gh ! reports ( v>i\s private ,*ri/ians l ,phbe1 ! deaconness ( ,c5*re4#bfb ,two deputations f ! ,roman ,*ur* met him1 "o at ,appii ,=um1 ab\t ?irty miles1 ano!r at ! ,?ree ,tav]ns1 ab\t tw5ty miles1 f ! city4 ,h[ wond]fully ! he>t ( ! ,apo/le mu/ h be5 *e]$ by ^! k9dly ,*ri/ian att5tions6 ,we h be=e notic$ 9 ! cases ( 8 ,a!nian soj\rn & else:]e h[ ke5ly alive he 0 to ! (fices ( ,*ri/ian fri5d%ip1 h[ *e]$ & /r5g!n$ he 0 by ,*ri/ian companion%ip4 ,x 0 n[ ! same once aga9 z x 0 !n4 ,support & sympa?y 7 n[ m ne$$ ?an ev] be=e1 = ,/4 ,paul 0 go+ up to ,rome n kn[+ :at %\ld happ5 to him !re or :at %\ld be 8 s5t5ce at ! h&s ( t emp]or ^: cruel "* 0 n[ fam\s4 ,& z x 0 at ,a!ns & at ,cor9? & else:]e1 s 0 x "h on ! ,appian ,way & amid ! depress+ surr\nd+s & unheal?y atmosph]e ( ^? ,pompt9e ,m>%es ?r\gh :i* he 0 pass+2 :5 ,paul saw ! bre?r51 he ?ank$ ,god1 & took c\rage4 ,& n[ ! :ole company ( primitive ,*ri/ians proce$$ toge!r to ,rome1 all[$ d\btless by ! c\rtesy & ?\ghtfulness ( ,julius ample opportunities ( private conv]sation4 ,hav+ arriv$ at ! imp]ial city1 ! c5turion ha/5$ to pres5t himself & 8 *>ge to ! capta9 ( ! prtorian gu>d1 ^: duty x 0 to receive prison]s consign$ to ! judgm5t ( ! ,emp]or4 ,^u ! fav\rable report ( ,julius1 ,/4 ,paul 0 n deta9$ 9 cu/ody1 b suff]$ to dwell 9 8 own hir$ lodg+s1 :]e he e/abli%$ a mission /ation :5ce he lab\r$ mo/ effectively bo? among/ ,jews & ,g5tiles dur+ two :ole ye>s4 ,/4 ,paul began 8 "w at ,rome exactly z he did ev]y:]e else4 ,he call$ toge!r ! *ief ( ! ,jews1 & ?r\gh !m /rove to ga9 a lodgm5t 9 ! synagogue4 ,he began "w at once4 ,aft] ?ree days1 z soon z he _h recov]$ f ! fatigue ( ! rapid m>* along ! ,appian ,way1 he s5t = ! *iefs ( ! ,roman ,synagogues :i* 7 v num]\s4#bfc ,h[1 x may be ?\ght1 c\ld an unkn[n ,jew ent]+ ,rome v5ture to summon ! heads ( ! ,jewi% community1 _m ( !m m5 ( weal? & position8 ,b1 !n1 we mu/ rememb] t ,/4 ,paul 0 no ord9>y ,jew f ! po9t ( view tak5 by ,roman society4 ,he _h arriv$ 9 ,rome a /ate prison]1 & he 0 a ,roman citiz5 ( ,jewi% bir?1 & ?is at once gave him position entitl+ him to a c]ta9 am\nt ( consid]ation4 ,/4 ,paul told 8 /ory to ^! *ief m5 ( ! ,jews1 ! local ,sanh$r9 p]haps1 rec\nt$ ! bad treatm5t he _h receiv$ at ! h&s ( ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem1 & indicat$ ! "* ( 8 tea*+ :i* he wi%$ to exp\nd to !m4 ,= ?is cause !re=e did ,i entreat y to see & speak ) me3 = because ( ! hope ( ,israel ,i am b\nd ) ?is *a91 emphasiz+ ! ,hope ( ,israel1 or _! ,messianic expectation1 z ! cause ( 8 imprisonm5t1 exactly z he _h done "s mon?s be=e :5 plead+ be=e ,k+ ,agrippa 7*4 xxvi4 #f1 #g1 #bb1 #bc74 ,hav+ ?us briefly indicat$ 8 desires1 ! ,jewi% c\ncil intimat$ t no communication _h be5 made to !m f ,j]usalem ab\t ,/4 ,paul4 ,x may h be5 t 8 l5g!n$ imprisonm5t at ,cs>ea _h caus$ ! ,sanh$r9 to relax _! vigilance1 ?\gh we see t _! ho/ility /ill cont9u$ z bitt] z ev] :5 ,fe/us arriv$ 9 ,j]usalem & aft]w>ds l$ to ,/4 ,paul's appeal2 or p]haps !y _h n _h "t to =w>d a communication f ! ,j]usalem ,sanh$r9 to ! ,jewi% au?orities at ,rome2 or p]haps1 :i* is ! mo/ likely ( all1 !y ?\ght x useless to prosecute _! suit be=e ,n]o1 :o w\ld sc(f at ! real *>ges :i* dealt m]ely ) que/ions ( ,jewi% cu/oms1 & :i* imp]ial lawy]s !re=e w\ld reg>d z utt]ly unwor?y ! imprisonm5t or dea? ( a ,roman citiz54 ,at any rate ! ,jewi% c\ncil gave him a he>+1 :5 ,/4 ,paul foll[$ exactly ! same l9es z 9 ! synagogue at ,antio* ( ,pisidia & 9 8 spee* be=e ,agrippa4 ,he po9t$ out ! gradual developm5t ( ,god's purposes 9 ! law & ! prophets1 %[+ h[ !y _h be5 all fulfill$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x 0 ) ! ,jews at ,rome z ) ! ,jews else:]e4 ,"s believ$ & "s believ$ n z ,paul prea*$ unto !m4 ,! meet+ 0 mu* m "o = discussion ?an = addresses4 ,f morn+ till ev5+ ! disputation cont9u$1 till at la/ ! ,apo/le dismiss$ !m ) ! /]n words ( ! ,prophet ,isaiah1 tak5 f ! six? *apt] ( 8 prophecy1 :]e he depicts ! hopeless /ate ( ^? :o ob/9ately close _! e>s to ! voice ( conviction4 ,b ! ,jews ( ,rome d n seem to h be5 l ^? ( ,!ssalonica1 ,ephesus1 ,cor9?1 & ,j]usalem 9 "o respect4 ,!y did n actively oppose ,/4 ,paul or attempt to sil5ce him by viol5t means1 = ! la/ glimpse we get ( ! ,apo/le 9 ,/4 ,luke's n>rative is ?is3 ,he abode two :ole ye>s 9 8 own hir$ dwell+1 & receiv$ all t w5t 9 unto him1 prea*+ ! k+dom ( ,god1 & tea*+ ! ?+s conc]n+ ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ) all boldness1 none =bidd+ him4#bfd #bfb ,romans xvi4 is a suffici5t witness ( ! intimate k ( ! ,roman ,*ur* & its memb]%ip possess$ by ,/4 ,paul4 ,we may be sure t _m m5tion$ 9 t catalogue writt5 ?ree or f\r ye>s be=e f\nd a place 9 ! two deputations :o w5t to meet ,/4 ,paul4 #bfc ,see = pro( ( ?is ,h>nack's article 9 ! ,pr9ceton ,review1 quot$ above4 #bfd ,! v>i\s biographies ( ! ,apo/le1 & specially t ( ,conybe>e ,h[son1 foll[ ! ,apo/le's hi/ory 9 great detail dur+ ^! two ye>s2 b ! /ory ( t p]iod m prop]ly falls "u ! consid]ation ( ! writ]s ^u ! ,epi/les ( ! ,captivity ?an ( "o deal+ ) ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,if ,i 7 to discuss ,/4 ,paul's life at ,rome ,i %\ld h simply to borr[ all my details f ^! ,epi/les4 ,! abruptness ( ,/4 ,luke's t]m9ation ( 8 n>rative is v notewor?y1 & ! be/ pro( ( ! e>ly date ( ! ,acts4 ,i d n ?9k ,i ne$ add any?+ to ,dr4 ,salmon's argum5t on ?is po9t conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ words1 :i* ,i take f *ap4 xviii4 ( 8 ,introduction3 ,to my m9d ! simple/ explanation :y ,/4 ,luke has told u no m is1 t he knew no m2 & t he knew no m1 because at ! "t no?+ m _h happ5$--9 o!r words1 t ! book ( ! ,acts 0 writt5 a little m ?an two ye>s aft] ,paul's arrival 9 ,rome4 ,,index4 ,abbott1 ,dr41 ,biblical ,essays1 #ab1 #dc4 ,abg>1 ,k+1 #ec4 ,a*aia1 ,prov9ce (1 #cbf4 ,a*illes ,tatius1 #cfg4 ,acoimet1 or ,wat*+ ,monks1 #agf4 ,acta ,sanctorum1 #ef1 #ada1 #bjj1 #bac1 #bdg4 neas1 #ig4 ,agabus1 ! prophet1 #afb1 #dbf1 #dcd4 ,agape1 #cii1 #djj4 ,agrippa ,,ii41 #dcb1 #ddh4 ,alab>*1 #ha1 #aec4 ,alex&]1 ! ,copp]smi?1 #cgh4 ,am51 ,eu*>i/ic1 #cif4 ,ammianus ,m>cell9us1 #aeb4 ,ananias1 ( ,damascus1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee1 #eg1 #eh1 #ei1 #fh4 ,ananias1 ! high prie/1 #dca1 #ddj-ddc4 ,ancyra1 #cci1 #cfg4 ,annas1 #cj4 ,ant9omianism1 #fb4 ,antio*1 7,syrian7 *ur* (1 #adf1 #aed4 ---- city (1 #aej-ac4 ---- synagogue (1 #aee4 ---- p (1 & nicknames1 #aei4 ---- ( ,pisidia1 #aih4 ,apollos1 #cda-dc1 #cdg4 ,apo/le1 mean+ (1 #hc1 #hd1 #aic4 ,apo/olic ,con/itt41 #cdd4 ,aquila & ,priscilla1 #cbb1 #cbc1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #ccg1 #cda1 #cdg4 ,aquileia1 *ur* (1 #bdg4 ,aratus1 #aa1 #cae4 ,areopagus1 c\rt (1 #cji-ag4 ,aretas1 #cj1 #ha4 ,ari/ides1 #ce1 #bad1 #cah-bj4 ,artemas1 bi%op ( ,ly/ra1 #bac4 ,artemis 7see ,diana71 #cfj1 #cfb1 #cgf4 ,artemisius1 mon? (1 #cfb4 ,asi>*s1 #cge-gh4 ,assize ,c\rts1 #chb4 ,a?anasius1 ,/41 #cja4 ,a!nagoras1 ,apol41 #bhb4 ---- *ur* (1 #cba4 ,a!ns1 topography (1 #cab4 ,attalia1 #bja1 #bgf4 ,augu/9e1 ,/41 ,confessions (1 #bi1 #bhf4 ---- ,epp41 #cih1 #dja4 ,aurelius1 ,victor1 #afc4 ,baptismal =mula1 #cde4 ,b>clay1 ,rob]t1 #abb4 ,b>nabas1 ,/41 #g1 #h1 #ha1 #aee1 #beh4 ,b>onius1 ,annals (1 #bei4 ,b>tolocci1 ,bibl4 ,rabb941 #ac4 ,basnage1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,jews1 #ac1 #ai4 ,baur1 #a4 ,bayet1 ,de ,titulis ,attic ,*ri/41 #cjh1 #cba4 ,b5t1 ,j4 ,t41 #cgd4 ,b]n>d1 ,/41 ,life ( ,/4 ,mala*y1 #dag4 ,b]nice1 #dcb1 #ddh4 ,b]a1 #bif1 #cjb4 ,b+ham's ,antiqq41 #agf1 #cif4 ,bi%ops1 orig9 (1 #daf-ah4 ,blomfield1 ,bi%op1 #bbi4 ,boeckh1 ,gr4 ,ins41 ,corp4 #bje1 #bgh1 #cjj1 #cfc1 #cff4 ,butl]1 ,bi%op1 ,analogy (1 #acc1 #dac4 ,butl]'s ,coptic ,*ur*es1 #bef4 ,buxtorf's ,lexicon1 #af4 ,cs>1 ,augu/us1 #bgc4 ---- ,claudius1 #cbc4 ---- ,julius1 #ca4 ---- ,tib]ius1 #cf1 #aff1 #ahe4 ,cs>ea-on-!-,sea1 #aja1 #adg4 ,caiaphas1 #cj4 ,caligula1 #hb1 #id1 #aff1 #afg4 ,calv9's ,comm5t>y ,n4,t41 #abh1 #chc4 ,capes1 ,w4 ,w41 ,! ,e>ly ,empire1 #aji4 ,cave's ,lives ( ! ,apo/les1 #bef1 #bei1 #bfc4 ,celebrations1 ev5+1 #cih-dja4 ,celtic language1 #bfd4 ,c5*re1 #ccb4 ,cesnola1 ,g5]al1 #bje4 ,*>lemagne1 #aa4 ,*osroes1 ,k+1 #aei4 ,*ri/ian ,libr>y1 #cid4 ,*ri/ian1 title (1 #aei-fb1 #baa4 ,*ryso/om1 ,dion1 #bgf1 #cgg4 ,*ryso/om1 ,/41 #df1 #hd1 #bea1 #ceb4 ---- ,homilies1 #ee4 ,cic]o1 #bge1 #cjd1 #cbg4 ,circumcision1 controv]sy ab\t1 #bbb1 #bbh4 ,ci/]cians1 #bbg4 ,clean!s1 #cae4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,pdagogue1 #ahj4 ---- ,/romata1 #cef1 #ddf4 ,clem5t1 ,recognitions (1 #bei1 #cdd4 ---- ,homilies1 #cdd4 ,cl]mont ,ganneau1 #dbh4 ,communion ,(fice1 rubrics (1 #cce1 #ccf4 ---- ev5+1 #cih-dja4 ,communicatio ,idiomatum1 #dai4 ,con/ant9e1 ,emp]or1 #bch1 #bgc4 ,contempor>y ,review1 #dfh4 ,conybe>e & ,h[son1 ,/4 ,paul1 #df1 #eg4 ,cor9?1 ,fir/ ,epi/le to1 date (1 #cei1 #chg4 ,cornelius ,lapide1 #df4 ,cornelius1 ! ,c5turion1 *aps4 v41 vi4 ---- baptism (1 #adj4 ,c\ncil ( ,j]usalem1 *ap4 x4 ,c\ncils1 hi/ories (1 #bai4 ,cram]'s ,cat5a1 #df4 ,crispus1 #cbe1 #cbf4 ,cudwor?'s ,intellect4 ,sy/41 #cae4 ,cyprus1 gospel 91 #aif1 #bja-bjf1 #beh4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 #cif4 ,damascus1 #cj1 #cf4 ,daphne1 #aeg1 #aeh4 ,de ,broglie1 ,l'glise et l',empire1 #bgc4 ,demetrius1 #cej1 #cfi1 #cgb-ge4 ,d]be1 #bjj1 #baf1 #bfj4 ,d]5b\rg & ,saglio1 ,dict4 des ,antiqq41 #cfa4 ,diana 7see ,artemis71 #cca1 #cfj4 ,dida*e1 #cd1 #cde4 ,dion ,cassius1 #afc1 #bjd4 ,dion ,*ryso/om1 #bgf1 #cgg4 ,dionysius1 ,areop41 #cag1 #cah1 #cbj4 ,discipl9e1 #ajg4 ,dods1 ,dr4 ,m41 ,introd4 ,n4,t41 #cfj4 ,dll+]1 ,dr41 #ade4 ,dorcas1 #ig4 ,drusilla1 #dca1 #ddg4 ,duhr's ,j\rneys ( ,hadrian1 #cjf4 ,duumviri1 #bge4 ,ebionites1 #f4 ,eckhel1 on ,co9s1 #afc4 ,ed]%eim1 ,dr41 #ad4 ,egnatian ,road1 #bga4 ,elymas1 #bjc4 ,emb] seasons1 #aid4 ,en?usiasm1 p[] (1 #bfi4 ,epaphras1 #cej4 ,ephesian lett]s1 #cee4 ,ephesus1 c\ncil (1 #beh4 ,epim5ides1 #aa4 ,epiphanes1 ,antio*us1 #f4 ,epiphanius1 9 ,corpus ,hreseolog41 #f4 ,e?n>*1 #aec4 ,eu*>i/1 celebration (1 #cic-dja4 ,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e41 #aga1 #aha1 #aii1 #bda1 #cbj4 ,euty*us1 #djc4 ,expositor1 viii4 ,fabricius1 ,biblio?4 ,grc41 #cae1 #cfg4 ,f>r>'s ,/4 ,paul1 #ae1 #af1 #ai1 #bj1 #ej1 #ea1 #aeb4 ,faym ,,mss41 #cef4 ,fe*91 ,/41 #hi1 #bgh4 ,felix1 #dcj-dcb4 ,fell1 ,bi%op1 on ,cyprian1 #dja4 ,f]r>1 ,ni*olas1 #agf4 ,fe/us1 #ddh4 ,f9dlay1 ,epp4 ( ,/4 ,paul1 #fj1 #bie4 ---- on ,galatians1 #bcd4 ,fitz ,ralph1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,armagh1 #bbg4 ,fleury's ,eccles4 ,hi/41 #bdf4 ,=ms1 use (1 #aba4 ,fox1 ,george1 #abb4 ,francis de ,sales1 ,/41 #bgi4 ,fri5ds1 ,society (1 #abb1 #adb4 ,gaius1 #cbf4 ,gal]ius1 ,emp]or1 #bgc4 ,gallio1 #cbg-bi4 ,gamaliel1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae4 ,geikie1 ,holy ,l&1 #ch1 #aja1 #aai4 ,g]man criticism1 #chf4 ,gibbon1 ,decl9e & ,fall1 #aej1 #aeh1 #bgc4 ,gis*ala1 #d1 #f4 ,gno/icism1 #dbj4 ,godefroy's ,comm5t4 on ,!odos4 ,code1 #bgc4 ,gospel1 sl[ progress (1 #bfi4 ,g\lburn's ,p]sonal ,religion1 #aba4 ,guhl's ,ephesiaca1 #cef1 #cfb1 #cfg4 ,guyon1 ,madame1 #ddf4 ,habakkuk1 #bj4 ,hadrian1 ,emp]or1 #cjf4 ,h>ris1 ,r5dal1 on ,ari/ides1 #cba4 ,hat*1 ,dr41 on ,episcopacy1 #daf4 ,hefele's ,c\ncils1 #cgi4 ,hegesippus1 #bda4 ,hel5a1 ,que51 #ahf4 ,heliogabalus1 #cf4 ,hem]obapti/s1 #cdd4 ,h]mas1 #dcd4 ,h]od ! ,great1 #ajb1 #aea1 #aff4 ---- ,antipas1 #cj1 #aff4 ---- ,agrippa1 #ie1 #afd1 #afh1 #ahc-ahg4 ,heuzey1 ,leon1 ,mission ,ar*ol41 #bgd1 #bha4 ,hil>y1 #hd4 ,hiram ( ,tyre1 #ahc4 ,hog>?1 ,d4 ,g41 #bfa4 ,holy ,gho/ & ,ord9ation1 #dad4 ,hook]1 ,eccles4 ,pol41 #bi1 #gd1 #bch1 #cif1 #dai4 ,horace's ,satires1 #bgf4 ,h\rs1 canonical1 #abb4 ,hyppa1 #aih4 ,hyrcanus1 #ca4 ,iconium1 #aii1 #bfj4 ,imposition ( h&s1 #dad4 ,inc>nation1 delay (1 #ii4 ,inscriptions on ,temple wall1 #dbh4 ,ir5u1 #daf-dah4 ,ir5>*1 #baf4 ,iri% ,academy1 ,royal1 #hi4 ,isl& mona/]ies1 #hi4 ,italian b&1 #ajc4 ,jailor1 ,phillippian1 #bhf-ij4 ,james1 apo/le & m>tyr1 #afh-gd4 ,james1 ,bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 #bda1 #dbf1 #dbg4 ,jebb1 ,bi%op1 #ii4 ,j]ome1 ,/41 #hd1 #ada1 #bea4 ---- ,cat4 ( ,illu/4 ,writ]s1 #d1 #f4 ,jews1 ho/ility (1 to e>ly ,*ur*1 #bab4 ---- at ,a!ns1 #cjh4 ---- at ,ephesus1 #dbg4 ,johannes ,scotus1 #cah4 ,john's ,eve1 ,/41 #cce4 ,john ,bapti/1 disciples (1 #cdb-dd4 ,jonah1 #aai4 ,jona?an1 #cj4 ,joppa1 #aah4 ,josephus1 ,antiqq41 #aa1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc4 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 #bfa1 #bfe1 #cfd1 #cgb1 #cgd1 #ec1 #ie1 #ajb1 #ahe1 #dbh4 ---- ,w>s1 #ie1 #ajb1 #dbh4 ,joyce's ,acts ( ! ,*ur*1 #bcg4 ---- ,iri% ,names1 #hh4 ,judas1 #ef4 ,julius1 ! c5turion #dfj4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,apologies1 #bg1 #bfg1 #bhb1 #cie1 #cif4 ,ju/us1 #cbe4 ,juv5al's ,satires1 #aeb4 ,keble1 ,john1 #gj4 ,k+1 ,rev4 ,rob]t1 ,! ,rul+ ,eld]1 #dag4 ,kitto's ,bib4 ,encycl41 #af4 ,knox1 ,alex&]1 #ajj4 ,khn's ,j\rnal ,comp4 ,philol41 #bfe4 ,lacroix1 ,mann]s ( ,middle ,ages1 #af4 ,laym5 9 synods1 #bcf4 ,le ,bas & ,wadd+ton1 ,voy4 ,ar*ol41 #baf4 ,legions 9 ,pale/9e1 #ajc4 ,lew91 ,fa/i1 #ca1 #fj1 #afc1 #afg1 #cfj4 ---- ,/4 ,paul1 #ca1 #cb1 #ci1 #de1 #hj1 #ajb1 #aai1 #ahf1 #aih4 ,libanius1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,liddon's1 ,bampt4 ,lect41 #dbj4 ,lightfoot1 ,bi%op1 on ! ,ess5es1 #cdd4 ---- ,colossians1 #beb1 #cej4 ---- ,essays1 #if1 #cjj4 ---- ,galatians1 #ai1 #bj1 #ej1 #gi1 #hd1 #bdg1 #bea1 #bfd1 #bff4 ---- ,ignatius1 #cfc1 #cgh1 #dbg4 ---- ,philippians1 #agc1 #bia-ic1 #dag4 ,lightfoot1 ,dr4 ,j41 ,hor4 ,heb41 #cb1 #eg1 #dda4 ,lipsius1 ,r4 ,a41 #e4 ---- ,apoc4 ,acts1 #ec4 ,"l's ,day1 obs]vance (1 #cic-cig4 ,lucian's ,philopatris41 #cab4 ,luke1 ,/41 at ,philippi1 #cia4 ,lycaonia1 language (1 #bab1 #bfe4 ,lydia1 #bgh4 ,lysias1 ,claudius1 #dbi4 ,ly/ra1 #bjj1 #bab-ag1 #bfj4 ,lyttelton1 ,"l1 on ,conv]4 ,/4 ,paul1 #dj4 ,lytton1 ,"l1 ,la/ ,days ( ,pompeii4 ,macmillan's ,mag41 #cgg4 ,magic at ,ephesus1 #ceb4 ,malalas1 ,john1 #aeg4 ,malta1 #dfb4 ,m&eans1 #cdd4 ,mansi's ,c\ncils1 #bbj1 #bei1 #cgi4 ,maps1 use (1 #ajj4 ,m>cell9us1 ,pope1 #add4 ,m>k1 ,/41 #beb-ed1 #bef4 ,m>qu>dt1 #ajd1 #deh4 ,m>seilles1 #cgd1 #cij4 ,mason's ,diocletian ,p]secution1 #cfg4 ,massutius1 ,vita ,s4 ,pauli1 #aa1 #ee1 #fj4 ,melville1 ,h5ry1 ,voices ( ! ,ye>1 #aad4 ,m5&]1 #aa4 ,m5dicant ord]s1 #bbg4 ,mey]'s ,!ory ( ,baptism1 #cdb4 ,miletus1 #dje4 ,milligan1 ,dr41 on ,resurrection1 #acd4 ,misopogon1 #aei4 ,mi?ras1 #ce4 ,mnason1 #dbf4 ,mol9os1 #ddf4 ,momms5's ,prov9ces1 #if1 #ajc1 #aej1 #cgh4 ---- ,corp4 ,ins4 ,lat41 #bha1 #dfh4 ---- 9 ,ephem4 ,epig41 #adj4 ,mona/icism1 ,celtic1 #hh4 ,mor9us1 ,ex]c4 ,bibl41 #ac4 ,mll]'s ,antiqq4 ( ,antio*41 #aej4 ,museum ,evang4 ,s*4 ( ,smyrna1 #bfd4 ,naz>ite v[1 #ccc1 #dcf4 ,neapolis1 #bgb4 ,nelson's ,fa/s & ,fe/ivals1 #bef4 ,neocoros1 #cgi1 #chj4 ,n]o1 ,emp]or1 #dcc1 #dgj4 ,ne/orianism1 #beh4 cum5ius1 #hd4 ,oehl]1 #f4 ,ord9ation & imposition ( h&s1 #aid1 #dad4 ,ornam5ts rubric1 #bci4 ,orontes1 #aea1 #aif4 ,paley's ,hor ,paul91 #bia1 #cfj4 ,pangu1 ,m\nt1 #bgf4 ,papal ,infallibility1 #bcj4 ---- ,supremacy1 rise (1 #add4 ,paphos1 #aig1 #bja4 ,paul1 ,/41 9 ,antio* 7,pisidian71 #bjf-aj4 ---- 9 ,antio* 7,syrian71 #aeg4 ---- 9 ,arabia1 #gg-ia4 ---- 9 ,a!ns1 #cje-ba4 ---- baptism (1 #gb-gg4 ---- bir?place (1 #d4 ---- at ,cs>ea1 *ap4 xvii4 ---- & ,*ur* organisation1 #baf4 ---- & circumcision1 #bbe-bh1 #cib1 #dce4 ---- conv]sion (1 *ap4 ii4 ---- at ,cor9?1 *ap4 xiii4 ---- dispute at ,antio*1 #bdg4 ---- at ,ephesus1 *aps4 xiv41 xv4 ---- exegesis (1 #ah1 #ai1 #bjg4 ---- family (1 #g4 ---- 9 ,galatia1 #bfc4 ---- language (1 #i4 ---- 9 ,mac$onia1 *ap4 xii4 ---- at ,malta1 *ap4 xviii4 ---- m>tyrdom (1 #bdf4 ---- at ,miletus1 #dje-ba4 ---- on ord9ation1 #dad1 #dae4 ---- ord9ation (1 *ap4 ix4 ---- at ,pat>a1 #dbd4 ---- portrait (1 #ea4 ---- at ,puteoli1 #dfe4 ---- qu>rel ) ,b>nabas1 #bdh-bea4 ---- & ,roman4 ,see1 #bdf4 ---- & ,sanh$r91 #bc1 #dbi1 #ddb4 ---- second t\r (1 *ap4 xi4 ---- at ,sidon1 #dfa4 ---- spee* at ,apo/olic ,c\ncil1 #bda4 ---- ?orn 9 fle%1 #di1 #bif4 ---- trade (1 #aj1 #cdh4 ---- at ,troas1 #bfh1 #cib-djf4 ---- at ,tyre1 #dbe4 ---- voyage to ,rome1 *ap4 xviii4 ,paul9us ( ,nola1 ,/41 #cfi4 ,pausanius1 ,descr4 ( ,greece1 #cje1 #cjh1 #cab1 #cfc1 #cfe4 ,p]ga1 #aig1 #bja1 #cfd4 ,p]secution1 religi\s1 #aib4 ,pet]1 ,/41 on baptism1 #adj4 ---- on ! resurrection1 #acc4 ---- s]mon at ,cs>ea1 #aca-da4 ---- vision at ,joppa1 *ap4 vi4 ---- 9 prison1 #agd-hb4 ,petrie's ,t>a1 #cg4 ,petronius1 #ie4 ,pfitzn]1 #ajd4 ,phal]um1 #cjc4 ,ph>isees1 #cc4 ,philemon & ,baucis1 /ory (1 #bac4 ,philip1 ,/41 evangeli/1 #adc1 #dbf4 ,philippi1 gospel at1 #bgc-hi4 ,philo1 #ad1 #ai1 #bc1 #if1 #cjg4 ,philo/ratus1 ,life ( ,apollonius1 #cab4 ,phbe1 #ccb4 ,photius1 #bfc4 ,pl9y1 ,epi/les (1 #bh1 #ce1 #bff1 #chc4 ---- ,nat4 ,hi/41 #aii4 ,police1 ,roman1 #baf4 ,polit>*s1 #cjj4 ,polyc>p1 #cfg1 #ddf4 ,pompeii1 #dff4 ,pontius ,pilate1 #cj4 ,pork1 use (1 #abh4 ,port]'s ,damascus1 #ch1 #ec4 ,po/al s]vice "u ! ,romans1 #bgb4 ,pray]1 #ff4 ,prea*+1 decl9e (1 #dji4 ,prion1 ,m\nt1 #bfc4 ,proct] on ,b4 ,c4 ,p41 #ccf4 ,prophets1 #dcd4 ,prosbol1 #af4 ,proselytes1 #aaj1 #baj4 ,prov9ces1 ,roman1 division (1 #bjc-bjf4 ,ptolemais1 #if1 #dbe4 ,puteoli1 #dfe4 ,quadratus1 #cah4 ,qu>esmius1 ,eluc4 ,t]4 ,sanct41 #eg4 ,quietism1 #ddf4 ,radzivilus1 ,p]egr9atio1 #eg4 ,ramsay1 ,pr(41 ,hi/4 ,geog41 #ajj1 #aih1 #bjj1 #bac1 #bfj1 #bfa1 #cfc1 #cfd4 ---- on ,artemis wor%ip1 #cgd4 ,rnan1 #bae1 #cfi4 ,r5audot1 #bef4 ,resurrection1 evid5ce (1 #acc4 ,revue ,ar*ol41 #aih1 #cfa1 #cfd1 #cgd4 ,roads1 anci5t1 #cg1 #bfj1 #bga4 ,robb]s & ! ,apo/les1 #aii4 ,ru9>t's ,acta ,s9c]a1 #bfg4 ,sabba?1 #af1 #cig4 ,sabians1 #cdd4 ,sadducees1 #cc4 ,sadl] on ! ,acts1 #bhi4 ,sa9t1 mean+ (1 #fj1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd4 ,salamis1 #aig4 ,salmon1 ,dr41 ,introduction to ,n4 ,t41 vi4 #a1 #dac4 ---- on ,clem5t9e lit]ature1 #bei4 ,sceva's sons1 #cee4 ,s*aff's ,encyclop41 #ac1 #aaj1 #bdg4 ,s*ttg5's ,hor4 ,hebr41 #i4 ,s*r]1 #be1 #dca4 ,seleucia1 #aeg1 #aif4 ,s5ior1 title (1 #dag4 ,s]>ius1 ,de ,rabb9is1 #ac4 ,s]gius ,paulus1 #bja-bjf4 ,%r9e-mak]s1 ,ephesian1 #cfi4 ,sidon1 *ur* at1 #dfa4 ,silas1 #beg1 #cbe4 ,sil5ce1 argum5t f1 #cdb1 #cfa1 #cic4 ,simon ! ,tann]1 #aai4 ,s+on ,/reet1 #aeg4 ,s9uessa1 ,c\ncil (1 #add4 ,skelligs1 #hh4 ,slav]y1 #cad4 ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,james1 ( ,jordanhills1 on ,voyage ( ,/4 ,paul1 #dei4 ,smi?1 ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,biog41 #f1 #ad1 #bei1 #bgc1 #cdd1 #cec1 #cfg1 #dcd4 ---- ,dict4 ,rom4 ,antiqq41 #ajd4 ---- ,dict4 ,*ri/4 ,antiqq41 #agf4 ---- ,dict4 ( ,class4 ,biog41 #bac4 ,sosipatros1 #aii4 ,spon & ,:eel]1 #cab4 ,/anley1 ,dean1 #eg4 ---- ,hi/4 ,ea/4 ,*41 #cja4 ,/ephanas1 #cbf4 ,/eph5s' ,/4 ,*ryso/41 #ceb4 ,/]rett's ,epig4 ,j\rn41 #bjj1 #bac4 ,/okes1 ,g4 ,t41 ,anglo-,norman ,*ur*1 #af1 #bbg4 ---- ,celtic ,*ur*1 #cg1 #hi4 ,/rabo1 #aii1 #bjd4 ,/raight ,/reet1 #eb4 ,suetonius1 #afc1 #bgc1 #cbc1 #cbg4 ,survey ( ,pale/9e1 ,memoirs (1 #aja4 ,synagogue1 #bgg4 ,tacitus1 ,annals1 #ceb1 #cfc4 ,talmud1 #ac1 #af4 ,tann+1 #abj4 ,taylor1 ,j]emy1 ,holy ,liv+1 #bi1 #ccd4 ---- ,via ,intellig41 #bfg4 ,t]tullian1 ,apol41 #cf4 ---- ,de ,corona1 #djj4 ---- ,de ,fuga1 #dde4 ---- ,de ,pudic41 #ej4 ---- on ,pray]1 #abb-bd1 #aie4 ,texi] on ,galatia1 #bff4 ,?ay]'s edition ( ,grimm's ,lex4 ,n4 ,t41 #beb4 ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 #hd4 ,!odoret1 #hd4 ,!odosian ,code1 #cgj4 ,!ophilus1 #cj1 #cb4 ,!ssalonica1 #bid-cjj4 ,timo?y1 #cbe1 #cdg4 ---- & circumcision1 #bbg4 ---- family (1 #h1 #i4 ---- m>tyrdom (1 #bfc4 ---- ord9ation (1 #bfa4 ,toz]'s ,highl&s ( ,turkey1 #bid1 #cjj1 #cjc4 ,trajan1 #bh4 ,tr5*1 ,ar*bi%op1 on ,words1 #aei4 ,trid5t9e ,c\ncil1 #bch4 ,tyrannus1 #cdg4 ,us%]'s ,works1 #cah1 #cfb4 ,val5s1 ,emp]or1 #ceb4 ,valesius1 #dci4 ,vas ,electionis1 #fd1 #fe4 ,vatican ,c\ncil1 #bch4 ,vespasian1 ,emp]or1 #dfj4 ,vibius ,salut>ius1 ,gaius1 #cgj1 #cga4 ,v9c5tian rule1 #ajj4 ,virgil1 #gj4 ,vitellius1 #cj1 #cc4 ,wald/e91 ,c41 #cgb4 ,way1 mean+ (1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #cdg1 #cfb1 #dbc4 ,wesley1 ,*>les1 #cha4 ---- ,john1 #cid4 ,:ately1 ,ar*bi%op1 #gc4 ,wickliffe1 #bbg4 ,wiesel]'s ,die ,*ri/5v]folg4 d] ,cs>51 #ccf4 ,williams1 ,dr41 #fd4 ,wood's ,ephesus1 #bha1 #cfb4 ,x5oi ,tekmoreioi1 ,societies (1 #cfd4 ,zell]1 ,on ! ,acts1 vi4 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,small capital text has be5 replac$ ) all capitals4 ,v>iations 9 spell+1 punctuation & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$ except 9 obvi\s cases ( typographical error4 ,miss+ page numb]s are page numb]s t 7 n %[n 9 ! orig9al text4 ,page #afe3 ,footnote #ic 444 he jok+ly said1 ',x 7 bett] to be ,h]od's pigs 444' ,! transcrib] has add$ ! ^w ,x4 ,page #cgh3 ,footnote an*or numb] #bac 0 miss+ & 0 suppli$ by ! transcrib]4 ,! ,ephesian mob 4444 ,! cov] = ! e,book v]sion ( ?is book 0 creat$ by ! transcrib] & is plac$ 9 ! public doma94