file :i* includes ! orig9al             
illu/rations4       ,see #dbbgh-;h4htm  
or #dbbgh-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/
#dbbgh_/pg#dbbgh-;images4html7       or 
7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#dbbg
h_/dbbgh-;h4zip7         ,images ( !    
orig9al pages are available ?r\gh       
,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see                  
https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/toymak+a?
omeh#jj;adamiala      ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,at 
,,home  ,h[ to ,make a ,hundr$ ,toys f  
,odds & ,ends  by  ,,morley ,,adams     
,new ,york ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,/okes ,company 
,publi%]s  ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita94     
,,preface   ,?is "w has be5 compil$ ) ! 
assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,walt] ,higg9s1 !      
well-kn[n in/ructor 9 woodwork4  ,!     
volume fulfils a long-felt want 9 t x   
supplies fasc9at+ amusem5t = ev5+s at   
home4 ,! mak+ ( toys is an engross+     
pa/ime1 & ! home-made toy is inv>iably m
 novel ?an ! %op-b\ght article & (      
sup]ior quality1 besides :i* !re is     
always a satisfaction 9 ,i made x       

myself4  ,! purpose ( ! book is to give 
simple & easily und]/ood in/ructions &  
pla9 diagrams & sket*es = mak+ toys f ! 
odds & ends t are usually disc>d$ z     
useless4 ,mat*es1 ,mat* ,boxes1 ,cotton 
,reels1 ,cocoa ,t9s1 ,cig> ,boxes1 & ev5
 ,egg ,%ells comprise ! mat]ials f :i*  
are evolv$ ,%ops1 ,work+ ,models1       
,dolls' ,furniture1 ,boats1 ,/eam       
,eng9es1 ,w9dmills1 & scores ( o!r toys 
de> to ! he>ts ( boys & girls4  ,p]haps 
! *ief *>m ( ! occupation is t lit]ally 
doz5s ( toys c be made at a co/ ( less  
?an a p5ny4 ,e toy describ$ 9 ?is book  
is practicable1 & c be easily made by   
anyone possess+ ! smalle/ am\nt (       
h&icraft skill4 ,at ! same "t !         
in/ructions are su* z w prove ( ! utmo/ 
value to in/ructors ( h&icraft classes4 
,,morley ,,adams4     ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,at 
,,home     ,,toys ,,f ,,odds ,,& ,,ends 
,9 e h\sehold !re are c\ntless ?+s :i*  
are ?r[n away imm$iately !y h s]v$ "o   
purpose4 ,cotton-reels may be tak5 z an 
in/ance4 ,x does n occur to ! majority (

 p t ^! little wood5 articles1 /rongly  
made & well f9i%$1 may be put to "s use1
 ev5 :5 ! cotton has be5 w\nd f !m4 ,yet
 f !m q useful furniture c be made &    
play?+s innum]able4 ,& s x is ) _m o!r  
?+s--mat* boxes1 brok5 clo!s pegs1 cocoa
 t9s1 mu/>d t9s1 egg %ells1 cig> boxes1 
nut %ells1 corks1 inc&esc5t-mantle      
cases1 old broom h&les3 !re is no end to
 ! li/4  ,9 ! foll[+ pages we h set out 
to expla91 l>gely to boys & girls1 j h[ 
^! odds & ends may be us$ = !           
con/ruction ( toys1 games1 & int]e/+    
models4 ,! li/ is n by any means        
complete3 su* examples z are giv5 are   
m]ely sugge/ive examples4 ,! boy or girl
 :o has pati5tly & ?\ghtfully made "s ( 
!m w be 9 a position to devise &        
con/ruct _m m on simil> l9es4   ,mo/    
boys & girls are famili> ) ^? little    
pap] w9dmills1 :i* turn r\nd gaily 9 !  
g5tle/ breeze--! ones :i* ! rag-&-bone  
man gives 9 ex*ange = an old bottle4 ,!y
 make a capital toy = baby bro!rs &     
si/]s1 & !y are v easy to make4 ,all y  

ne$ is a six-in* squ>e ( /iff           
pap]--col\r$ = pref]5ce--& two pieces ( 
c>dbo>d1 ea* an in* squ>e4 ,fir/1 y draw
 out y\r squ>e z 9 ,fig4 #a1 & !n cut   
d[n ! diagonals ne>ly to ! c5tre squ>e4 
,n[ take hold ( a corn]1 & fold x ov] to
 ! c5tre4 ,secure x !re ) a small dab ( 
glue4 ,s]ve ea* ( ! o!r corn]s 9 turn 9 
simil> fa%ion4 ,n[ glue on y\r two      
c>dbo>d squ>es--"o at ! c5tre ( ! back &
 ! o!r 9 ! front1 cov]+ ! fold$ corn]s  
7,fig4 #b74 ,all y ne$ n[ is a /\t p9 to
 pu% ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! c>ds into ! end (
 a /ick4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4  ,n[ if y nail 
two /rips ( wood 9 ! =m ( a cross1 & p9 
on f\r or five diff]5tly col\r$ :eels1 y
 w h a jolly little toy = :i* baby w    
?ank y 7,fig4 #c74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #c4  ,n4,b4--,we %all frequ5tly m5tion 
! ^w glue 9 ! c\rse ( ?is little volume3
 !re=e we _h bett] expla9 j :at we mean4
 ,unless we /ate def9itely o!rwise1 we  
ref] to ! prep>$ glue sold 9 tubes "u   
v>i\s names--,seccot9e1 ,le ,page's     

,liquid ,glue & s on4 ,^! adhesives are 
admirable = all light "w4 ,!y act be/ :5
 put on ?9ly1 & all[$ p>tially to dry   
be=e ! p>ts are press$ toge!r4   ,a v   
int]e/+ little toy1 :i* y c make 9 a few
 m9utes1 is !  ,col\r ,:eel4--,take a   
piece ( :ite c>dbo>d1 & f x cut a circle
 ab\t #c in*es across4 ,n[ f ! middle ( 
?is cut ano!r circle ab\t #c_/d 94      
across4 ,?is c be done q easily by putt+
 a %>p-po9t$ knife blade into ! compass 
9 place ( a p5cil4  ,divide ! circle    
into sev5 equal p>ts1 & pa9t or crayon !
 sections ) ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[--r$1     
orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1      
violet4  ,:5 ?is is dry1 make a l>ge    
loop ( /r+ & put x ?r\gh ! r\nd hole ( !
 c>d2 & hold ! ends ( ! loop "o 9 ea*   
h&4 ,n[ if y turn ! /r+ at "o end z if y
 7 turn+ a skipp+ rope1 & !n sudd5ly    
pull x tight1 y\r c>d w revolve v       
rapidly1 & y w f9d t in/ead ( a col\r$  
c>d y h :at appe>s to be a light grey   
"o4 ,?is is really a little piece (     
sci5ce1 = x %[s t ! :ite light ab\t u is

 really made up ( ! diff]5t col\rs ( !  
ra9b[ 7,fig4 #d74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#d4   ,a simple ,c\nt+ ,top4--,take a   
piece ( c>dbo>d1 & on x draw two        
hexagons hav+ #a-;in* sides4 ,to draw a 
hexagon1 fir/ draw a circle ) its radius
 equal to ! l5g? ( ! side ( ! hexagon4  
,!n )\t alt]+ ! compass measure (f !    
radius six times r\nd ! circumf]5ce1 &  
jo9 ! neighb\r+ po9ts4 ,n[ cut out ea* (
 ^! & f ea* "o cut out "o triangul>     
section 7,fig4 #e74 ,scrat* lightly     
along ! o!r l9es ) ! back ( !           
knife-po9t4 ,n[ b5d ^! s z to =m two    
five-sid$ pyramids4 ,close up ! op5     
space by b9d+ ! edges toge!r ) a /rip ( 
gumm$ pap] 7,fig4 #f74 ,:5 y h done ?is1
 place ! two pyramids base to base1 &   
secure !m by means ( small /rips ( gumm$
 pap] fix$ along ! edges4 ,b9d all !    
edges 9 simil> fa%ion = ! sake (        
uni=mity4 ,all t is necess>y n[ is to   
make a hole at ! apex ( ea* pyramid1 &  
pu% an ord9>y safety mat* ?r\gh 7,fig4  
#g74 ,n[ if y twirl ! mat* 9 y\r f+]s1 &

 release x sudd5ly1 ! top w sp9 = q a   
long "t4 ,to use x z a c\nt+ top or dice
 top pa9t ! numb]s #a to #e on ! five   
triangul> surfaces ( ! upp] pyramid4 ,!n
 :5 ! top ceases sp9n+1 ! upp]mo/ numb] 
is ! "o :i* c\nts4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #e4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4   ,t5ts = ,toy 
,soldi]s4--,boys :o play ) lead soldi]s 
(t5 f9d t1 9 mak+ up a game1 !y require 
"s t5ts = ! camp4 ,^! are q easily made 
ei!r f pap] or f calico4 ,_! size w     
dep5d1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! size ( ! soldi]s2 &
 x w be q easy to con/ruct !m to measure
 two or ?ree times ! measurem5ts giv5   
"h4 ,"h is a picture ( "o 7,fig4 #h74   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4  ,fir/ cut out 
a c>dbo>d circle = ! base ( ! t5ts1 say 
#b 94 radius4 ,n[ = ! slop+ canvas      
sides--! conical "p1 t is--draw out     
ano!r circle1 ?is "t ) a radius ( #d 94 
,only a "p ( ?is w be us$2 & to "k j h[ 
mu*1 roll ! base circle r\nd !          
circumf]5ce ( ! l>g] circle until x has 
complet$ "o ( its own revolutions 7see  

,fig4 #i74 ,9 cutt+ ?is out1 "o or two  
tongues %\ld be left jutt+ out f !      
circumf]5ce3 ^! fold ov] ! edge ( ! base
 circle & secure ! slop+ sides 9        
position4 ,all we ne$ n[ is a ?9 /ick1  
ab\t #d 94 long1 to act z a c5tre pole4 
,?is %\ld be glu$ to ! c5tre ( ! base1 &
 %\ld h ! slop+ sides glu$ ar\nd x4 ,a  
little pap] flag at ! top w complete !  
little /ructure4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#i4   ,mo/ boys1 & n a few girls1 love  
to play at soldi]s & !re is no reason :y
 ea* boy %\ld n make himself a complete 
suit ( arm\r1 s t ! game may be m real4 
,! ,helmet4--,) c>e ?is is n at all     
difficult to make3 :at difficulty !re is
 lies 9 ! adju/m5t & ! size4 ,fir/ x is 
necess>y to f9d out ! di/ance r\nd !    
head4 ,?is c be done ) a piece ( /r+2   
or1 bett] /ill1 ) a l95 in*-tape4       
,suppose ! di/ance r\nd is #ba 943 !n ! 
helmet c be made 9 sev5 sections1 ea* #c
 94 wide at ! base4 ,:5 ^! are br\ght   
toge!r1 !y conv]ge at ! top to =m a     
typical ,norman headpiece 7,fig4 #aj74  

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4  ,us+ /iff    
pap]1 cut ! sev5 sections z 9 ,fig4 #aa4
 ,^! %\ld be glu$ toge!r1 s t ! connect+
 flanges are inside4 7,n4,b4--,9 do+    
?is1 x is v necess>y to let ! glue get  
ne>ly dry be=e press+ ! pieces toge!r3  
if x is q fre%1 ! /ra9 w pull ! pieces  
ap>t47 ,!n at ! apex ( ! sections glue  
on a circul> piece ( c>dbo>d1 ab\t      
#a-a_/b 94 across4 ,= ! r+ at ! base1   
cut a /rip1 j ab\t #bb 94 long1 & hav+  
ornam5t$ x 9 any fa%ion y please1 glue !
 two ends toge!r s z to =m a circlet :i*
 w j g r\nd ! sections4 ,fix ?is to !   
sev5 sections ) dabs ( glue4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4  ,all t is    
necess>y n[ is a coat+ ( alum9ium pa9t  
to give j t real dull metallic          
appe>ance4 ,if ?is pa9t is n available1 
y c cov] ) silv] pap]1 b ?is is n ne>ly 
z effective4   ,! ,brea/plate4--,:ile   
!re is really less to d1 & few] sections
 to adju/1 ?is pres5ts q z mu*          
difficulty z ! helmet4 ,x is be/ made 9 
two sections4 ,! exact %ape c only be   

decid$ by trial3 r\ghly1 x is t %[n 9   
,fig4 #ab4 ,! be/ me?od ( proc$ure is to
 cut out two ( ^! 9 newspap]1 & fix !m  
toge!r ) doll-p9s1 & !n try !m on 9 mu* 
! same way z a tailor fits a            
wai/-coat--alt]+ p9s & cutt+ out %apes  
until ! requisite fit is obta9$4 ,:5 ?is
 is done ! two f9al sections c be cut   
out 9 c>dbo>d 7n omitt+ flanges71 glu$  
toge!r & pa9t$4 ,if y are good at pa9t+1
 y c ornam5t ! two sides ) a h]aldic    
device 9 crimson or gold4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #ab4  ,to fix x1 :5 we>+1 /r+s  
are us$4 ,small holes are bor$ at ! f\r 
ends 7& eyelets fix$ 91 if y c d s7 &   
knott$ /r+s pass$ ?r\gh4 ,tie ! bottom  
pair across ! back ) a knot 7n a        
grannie74 ,n[ take "o ( ! ends ( ?is1 & 
tie x ) a /r+ f "o ( ! %\ld] pieces4 ,if
 ! o!r %\ld] piece be ti$ 9 simil>      
fa%ion to ! o!r back /r+1 !n !          
brea/plate w be held correctly 9        
position4 ,! /r+s & all ! back ge> w be 
cov]$ by ! cloak & mantle1 simil> to t  
:i* knights 9 old5 days wore ov] _!     

arm\r4  ,be=e y put ! brea/plate on y c 
tie a t[el or apron to come j to !      
knees3 ?is w take ! place ( ! surcoat 7&
 s]ve to hide y\r knick]s74  ,= greaves 
or leg-arm\r y c cut out & pa9t c>dbo>d 
%apes1 l ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac4 ,^!1 :5    
fix$ ) /r+1 look q well4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ac4   ,:ile we are talk+ (      
soldi]s1 we may z well give details (   
,a ,w> ,game4--,mo/ boys are famili> ) !
 game kn[n z ,tiddley-w9ks1 9 :i* !     
object is to make small bone c\nt]s hop 
into a cup by press+ _! edges ) a l>ge  
bone c\nt]4  ,^! mat]ials c be us$ = a v
 int]e/+ w> game1 consi/+ ( ! siege ( a 
=t4 ,! =t is simply a front elevation1  
simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,?is is    
drawn out 9 p5cil on a piece ( /\t      
c>dbo>d 7or fretwood7 & col\r$ 9 ) pa9ts
 or crayons4 ,! w9d[s are !n cut out2 & 
! :ole ?+ made to /& upright by !       
addition ( two or ?ree triangul>        
supports 7,fig4 #ae74 ,^! are h+$ on to 
! back by means ( /rong tape or canvas1 
s t ! :ole ?+ c pack up flat4           

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4  ,ea* play] 9 
turn places 8 small c\nt]s 7g5]ally six7
 any:]e 9 front ( ! =tress4 ,he is n[ ! 
attack+ p>ty1 & 8 object is to %oot 8   
c\nt]s ?r\gh ! diff]5t w9d[s4 ,if he    
succe$s 9 s5d+ a c\nt] ?r\gh a w9d[1 !n 
he kills t numb] ( ! enemy4 ,! w9n] may 
be ei!r ! p]son :o secures ! greate/    
numb] ( kills 9 a c]ta9 numb] (         
attempts--tw5ty-f\r1 = in/ance--or !    
p]son :o fir/ succe$s 9 scor+ say #ej   
kills4 ,any %ot miss+ ! =t              
entirely--i4e4 go+ "r ov] or miss+ at ! 
sides--is a wa/$ %ot1 & c\nts "o (f !   
play]'s score4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#ae4   ,we propose to describe h[ to    
con/ruct a simple  ,toy ,cannon--"o q   
easily made at a negligible co/ & yet q 
effective4 ,! only extra co/ w be t ( a 
piece ( /rong ela/ic3 ! rema9d] be+ made
 ( su* ?+s z cig>-or *ocolate-box wood4 
,fig4 #af %[s ! f9i%$ article2 & a      
c>eful /udy ( ?is illu/ration w make    
cle> mu* ( ! me?od ( manufacture4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4  ,we comm5ce )

 ! /&4 ,?is is q simple1 be+ compos$ (  
five pieces ( cig>-box wood1 a          
rectangul> base1 two sides cut z %[n1 & 
two small end-pieces to give ! sides    
/ability4 ,! measurem5ts y c decide =   
y\rself3 we sugge/ a base #e 94 long &  
#b 94 wide1 & side ab\t #b-a_/b or #c 94
 high1 z be+ suitable to ! ?ickness (   
cig>-box wood4  ,! cannon itself is n v 
difficult1 if made squ>e in/ead (       
cyl9drical4 ,! b>rel is compos$ ( f\r   
pieces ( ?9 wood glu$ toge!r z %[n 9    
,fig4 #ag4 ,! pieces are ab\t #f 94     
long1 & are cut & fitt$ to su* a wid? z 
w leave a squ>e hole 9 :i* ! rod c move 
easily4 ,on ! "u side ( ?is b>rel are   
fix$ two pieces ( wood--"o ab\t #a-a_/b 
94 long & #c_/d 94 wide at ! end ne> !  
m\?3 to ?is ! ela/ic w be fix$4 ,! o!r1 
a piece ab\t #a-a_/d 94 long & squ>e 9  
section1 is fix$ ab\t midway along !    
b>rel1 & w act z an axle on :i* ! cannon
 c sw+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4  ,!  
rod by :i* ! %ot is eject$ %\ld be squ>e
 9 section1 & ab\t #e 94 long4 ,at ! re>

 end ( x %\ld be fix$ two side-pieces to
 act z /ops to prev5t ! ela/ic =c+ ! rod
 too f> into ! b>rel4 ,a nail driv5     
?r\gh ^! two pieces w prev5t ! ela/ic   
slipp+ out ea* "t ! cannon is fir$      
7,fig4 #ah74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 
,all t rema9s n[ is ! fix+ ( ! ela/ic4  
,x %\ld be slipp$ ?r\gh ! slot at ! end 
( ! rod1 & ! two ends fix$ z %[n 9 !    
fir/ illu/ration4  ,if desir$1 ?is      
cannon c be us$ 9 connection ) !        
skittles z describ$ on page #cj1 & 9    
fact ! pegs c be q easily c>v$ into !   
similitude ( soldi]s & us$ = ! game4 ,x 
c also f9d a place 9 ! cok]nut %y       
describ$ on page #ca4   ,h y ev] tri$   
,mak+ ,pictures ) ,mat*es8--,?is is a v 
int]e/+ occupation1 & "o :i* w fully te/
 y\r +5uity & y\r pati5ce4 ,in/ead ( us+
 l9es drawn ) a crayon to sugge/ a c]ta9
 object1 y replace ^! l9es ) mat* /icks1
 b5t & /raight1 & s obta9 ne>ly ! same  
effect4 ,y c />t ) ! pla9 outl9e ( "s   
simple object su* z a sail+ boat or a   
truck or a h\se1 & y c !n proce$ to m   

difficult %apes1 le>n+ h[ to sugge/     
masses ( %ad[ by plac+ mat* /icks       
closely toge!r4  ,9 actual practice1 y  
get a l>ge %eet ( br[n pap]1 & move !   
mat*es ab\t until ! "r position is      
obta9$3 !n y fix ! mat*es to ! pap] "o  
by "o by means ( a dab ( glue4 ,9 "t y w
 a/oni% ev]ybody 7y\rself includ$7 by ! 
ease ) :i* y c build up really intricate
 pictures4 ,specim5s accurately done &  
ta/efully m\nt$ make v acceptable little
 pres5ts 7,fig4 #ai74  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #ai4   ,deft f+]s & a big fund ( 
pati5ce r5d] x q possible to con/ruct   
,models f ,mat* ,/icks1 ) ! aid ( j "o  
or two accessories su* z pap] & glue4   
,plac$ side by side1 & glu$ to ea* o!r1 
& to a c>dbo>d or pap] f\ndation1 mat*es
 7p>ticul>ly ! l>g] sort7 give q an     
impression ( solidity--:i* y w notice if
 y ref] to ! picture ( ! cupbo>d giv5 9 
,fig4 #bj4 ,9 ?is a c>dbo>d f\ndation is
 made accord+ to ,fig4 #ba1 & ! mat*es  
cut to ! correct l5g?s & glu$ into      
position4 ,9 mak+ ! f\ndation1 draw out 

c>efully z %[n1 cut ?r\gh ! pla9 l9es1 &
 scrat* along ! dott$ l9es4 ,!n b5d into
 %ape1 & secure by means ( /rips ( gumm$
 tape or pap]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#bj4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4  ,to    
sugge/ ! panel 9 ! door1 glue mat*es    
r\nd ! outside edges z %[n1 & leave !   
c>dbo>d %[+ 9 ! c5tre4 ,if y want ! door
 to op5 outw>ds1 y w h to bevel ! edges 
( ! two mat*es :]e ! cupbo>d b5ds1      
because1 by ! nature ( ! model1 ! h+e 7t
 is1 ! c>dbo>d itself7 is on ! inside4  
,9 simil> fa%ion y c make c\ntless      
little objects--all v>ieties ( dolls'   
furniture & fitt+s1 money boxes1 tr9ket 
cases1 c4 ,if ! mat*es are /a9$ ) bright
 col\rs1 & ta/efully arrang$1 & ! :ole  
v>ni%$1 "s spl5did effects c be obta9$4 
,talk+ ?us ( mat*es leads u to !        
description ( ano!r model 9 connection )
 ! same articles4 ,?is is a  ,novel     
,mat* ,/rik]4--,any article :i* is      
useful makes a desirable pres5t1        
especially if x has ab\t x a c]ta9 am\nt
 ( novelty4 ,= in/ance1 a mat* hold]    

makes a nice little gift1 & is g5]ally  
appreciat$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is ( a type   
:i* ! recipi5t has nev] se51 x w be     
d\bly welcome4  ,"o r novel mat* hold] &
 /rik] c be made 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,obta9 
a funny picture--= pref]5ce1 "o t has a 
l>ge figure 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,fig4 #bb %[s !
 type ( picture we mean4 ,glue ?is on to
 a piece ( /\t c>dbo>d4 ,suppose !      
picture %[s a man's head4 ,!n let 8 be>d
 act z ! /rik]4 ,to secure ?is1 cut out 
a piece ( f9e s&pap]1 exactly ! %ape ( !
 man's be>d 7or :atev] x may be71 & glue
 x into position on ! picture4 ,!n at ! 
side glue on a little hold] = ! mat*es4 
,?is c be made ( c>dbo>d specially1 or  
an ord9>y mat*-box cov] c h ! bottom    
/opp$1 & be glu$ on4 ,z f> z possible   
?is %\ld be a "p ( ! picture4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4  ,all sorts ( 
pictures c be done 9 ?is fa%ion3 dogs1 )
 /rik]s on ! tail2 pigs1 ) /rik]s on !  
back2 elephants2 grotesque m51 c4  ,if y
 l y c glue ! picture on to fretwood1 & 
cut out ! figure or a "p ( x1 & arrange 

x1 s t x w /& upright on a wood5 base4  
,?is w tax y\r own +5uity4  ,!re is 9 e 
h\se "o ?+ out ( :i* ! ent]pris+ boy or 
girl c make any numb] ( models & toys3 t
 is ! empty mat* box4 ,its %ape &       
=mation l5d !mselves to ! con/ruction ( 
all sorts ( ?+s--h\ses1 trams1 dolls'   
furniture1 c4 c4--! only o!r requisites 
be+ a %>p knife1 a rul]1 "o or two      
pieces ( c>dbo>d 7or bett] /ill1 ?9 p9e 
v5e]71 a numb] ( l>ge mat*es 7or bett]  
/ill1 mat* /ales74#a      #a ,^! mat*   
/ales1 :i* are v useful 9 toy-mak+1     
c be pur*as$ f ,byrant  ,may1 ,fairfield
 ,works1 ,b[1     ,london1 ,e41 at #as4 
p] bundle ( #aejj4 ,! p9e v5e] co/s #as4
     #f;d4 p] doz5 pieces1 ea* #c ft4 #f
 94 long4   ,y c />t ) ! simple/ =m (   
,railway ,truck1 consi/+ m]ely ( ! inn] 
"p1 or tray ( a mat* box1 ) two         
mat*-/ick axles glu$ across ! bottom1 & 
f\r c>dbo>d :eels secur$ 9 position by  
means ( doll p9s 7,fig4 #bc72 & !n y c  
proce$ to ! mo/ elaborate vehicles1     
bridges1 build+s1 furniture1 ma*9es1 c4 

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4   ,to give an 
idea ( ! me?od1 we %[ h[ to put toge!r a
 small ov]head  ,tram ,c>4--,9 ! fir/   
place y want two pieces ( v5e] or       
c>dbo>d1 measur+ #aa-a_/d by #d-c_/d 94 
& #aa-a_/d by #e 94--to act respectively
 z ! l[] & upp] decks4 ,! actual me?od (
 con/ruction c be/ be und]/ood by a     
c>eful /udy ( ,fig4 #bd4 ,! l[] deck    
re/s on f\r c>dbo>d :eels4 ,^! are fix$ 
by means ( doll p9s to two wood5 axles  
7mat* /ales7 glu$ "r across ! "u side ( 
! l[] deck4 ,on ?is ! /ructure is built 
up ) mat* boxes4 ,?ree cov]s are plac$  
l5g?ways along ea* side & glu$ into     
position4 ,!n above ^! come five mat*   
trays1 :i*1 :5 /&+ up1 take up j ! same 
space4 ,^! are glu$ into position1 fac+ 
outw>ds1 & project+ ab\t #a_/d 94 beyond
 ! "u cov]s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 
,across ! top ( ! two sides s =m$ is    
glu$ ! second %eet ( v5e] or c>dbo>d1   
#aa-a_/d by #e 941 to =m ! upp] deck4   
,five cov]s plac$ end to end exactly    
make up a side = ?is1 & "o at ea* end   

completes ! sup]/ructure4 ,two cov]s1   
plac$ end to end1 make a suitable back &
 front = ! l[] deck1 :ile two pieces (  
v5e]1 #c-c_/d by #d-a_/b 941 effectively
 close up ! inside ( ! c>4  ,! trolley  
pole is provid$ by a wood5 skew]1 glu$  
to ! l[] deck1 & pass+ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! 
c5tre ( ! upp]4 ,t completes ! tram =   
all practical purposes4 ,if y desire to 
make y\r model m elaborate1 y c con/ruct
 a c>dbo>d or wood5 /airway at ea* end1 
connect+ ! upp] & l[] decks2 & y c      
replace ! %eets ( v5e] at ea* end ( !   
inside by prop]ly con/ruct$ doorways2 & 
s on4   ,ano!r excell5t toy1 con/ruct$ )
 mat* boxes--& "o v mu* appreciat$ by   
little bro!rs & si/]s--is !  ,model     
,/ores4--,once aga9 ?is w be be/        
und]/ood by ref]5ce to ! illu/ration    
7,fig4 #be74 ,! /ores consi/ ( a c\nt] &
 a back fitm5t--! two m\nt$ on a base   
bo>d4 ,= ! c\nt]1 five complete mat*    
boxes %\ld be glu$ side by side & !n    
m\nt$ on six empty cov]s4 ,! trays ( !  
five complete boxes %\ld !n be giv5     

h&les to make !m into draw]s4 ,= ^!     
h&les no?+ c beat a boot button4 ,!     
small metal loop is pu%$ ?r\gh a hole 9 
! end ( ! tray1 & !n secur$ 9 position  
by means ( a t9y wood5 w$ge pu%$ ?r\gh !
 loop on ! inside4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #be4  ,! back fitm5t consi/s ( a block 
( tw5ty cov]s1 five 9 a r[1 & f\r r[s   
deep4 ,^! are glu$ into position4 ,! two
 l[] r[s are depriv$ ( _! trays to make 
/orage p>titions1 & ! two upp] are fitt$
 ) h&les z above4 ,surm\nt+ ?is block is
 an upp] fitm5t consi/+ ( five trays    
glu$ toge!r s z to /& upright at ! back 
( ! block1 leav+ a free %elf 9 front 7z 
9 mo/ groc]s' %ops74 ,f9ally !re is a r[
 ( ?ree trays plac$ endways on ! top ( !
 five j m5tion$4  ,= play+ at %ops a    
little model l ?is is invaluable4   ,a  
,r$-,cross ,c>t4--,= ?is a l>ge empty   
mat* tray is requir$4 ,across ! "u side 
a %ort l5g? ( mat* /ale is glu$1 to act 
z an axle = ! two :eels4 ,^! c be cut f 
ei!r v5e] or c>dbo>d4 ,a good plan is to
 cut out a circle 9 fairly /iff c>dbo>d1

 & glue a cov]+ ( v5e] on ea* side2 ?is 
adds to ! appe>ance ( ! :eel & makes x  
/iff]4 ,if v5e] alone is us$1 two       
circles mu/ be cut out = ea* :eel1 &    
glu$ toge!r ) ! gra9 at "r angles4 ,!   
:eels %\ld be fix$ 9 position ) doll    
p9s4  ,= ! tilt a piece ( v5e] b5t ov] &
 glu$ to ! inn] sides ( ! mat* box w d q
 well4 ,! r$ cross may be pa9t$ on1 b w 
look consid]ably bett] if cut f "s light
 r$ pap] & /uck on4 ,all t rema9s is to 
supply ! %afts4 ,= ?is two pieces ( /ale
 ( ! requisite l5g? %\ld be glu$ to ! "u
 side ( ! body ( ! c>t4 ,fig4 #bf %[s ! 
complet$ model4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#bf4   ,ano!r milit>y model1 slightly m 
difficult to adju/1 is  ,a ,maxim       
,gun4--,= ?is two :eels1 ea* ab\t       
#b-a_/b 94 across1 mu/ be con/ruct$ 9 ! 
mann] describ$ above4  ,! body ( ! ma*9e
 is easi] to make ?an describe4 ,fig4   
#bg %[s ! "u side4 ,a small mat* box is 
tak5 & along "o long edge ( ! top a     
piece ( /ale is glu$1 project+ #a_/d 94 
at ea* end4 ,?is /ale is ! axle4 ,two   

full-l5g? /ales are !n glu$ s t !y meet 
at ! end fur!/ f ! axle4 ,to r5d] ^!    
project+ pieces m /able1 a triangul>    
piece ( v5e] is glu$ across !m at !     
place ( meet+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#bg4  ,! two :eels are !n fix$ 9        
position by means ( doll p9s4 ,= ! front
 ( ! ma*9e a scre5 is requir$1 & a piece
 ( v5e] or c>d is cut z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bh1
 & glu$ to ! front edge ( ! mat* box4   
,?r\gh ! hole 9 ?is scre5 w project !   
actual gun itself4 ,= ?is a piece (     
wood5 skew] or sl5d] d[el w d4 ,?is c be
 atta*$ to ! top ( ! box by means (     
glue1 & c be w$g$ up into a horizontal  
position if f\nd to slant too mu*4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4  ,a coat (    
dull grey pa9t w add greatly to !       
reali/ic appe>ance ( ?is int]e/+ little 
toy4   ,_m o!r ?+s c be made1 too1 = use
 :5 play+ ) toy soldi]s4 ,"o su* model  
is  ,a ,/ep ,bridge1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bi4 
,?is is a v pretty little model1 & "o q 
delightful to make4 ,= x we require f\r 
#a-c_/d 94 or #b-a_/d 94 mat* boxes1 a  

piece ( c>dbo>d or v5e]1 & "s mat*      
/ales4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4  ,!   
c>dbo>d %\ld be cut to ! wid? ( ! mat*  
box t is1 ei!r #a-c_/d 94 or #b-a_/d 941
 & to a l5g? ( #d-a_/b 94 ,at ea* end ( 
?is %\ld be glu$ ! side ( a mat* box4 ,9
 ?is way ! actual bridge itself is =m$4 
,! /ep is provid$ at ea* end by a mat*  
box1 ly+ d[n1 & glu$ to ! /&+ box4  ,!  
rema9+ task is ! cutt+ & fitt+ ( ! mat* 
/ales to provide ! rail+s--& ?is is ! "p
 requir+ great c>e4 ,ref]5ce to ! sket* 
w give a mu* bett] idea ( ! design ?an  
any am\nt ( explanation4 ,! /ales w be  
cut to ! foll[+ l5g?s3 two at #d-a_/b   
941 eight at #b-a_/b 941 & f\r at #b 94 
,y c f9i% (f y\r model by po9t+ "s ( !  
/ales2 b ?is is n at all necess>y if y h
 us$ a %>p knife & made clean cuts4 ,if 
9 fitt+ up ! /ales y f9d ! glue is n    
suffici5t1 y c /r5g!n ! important jo9ts 
by use ( doll p9s4   ,"o o!r spl5did use
 to :i* mat* boxes & /ales c be put is !
 provision ( ! light] sorts ( furniture 
= ! dolls' h\se4 ,we give two examples  

typical ( ! ext5t to :i* ^! simple      
mat]ials may be appli$4  ,a ,doll's     
,umbrella ,/& is a v happy little       
idea--v simple b extremely effective4   
,at ! two ends ( a small mat*-box tray1 
long /ales are glu$1 project+ und]nea?  
to act z %ort legs to keep ! tray f !   
gr\nd4 ,ne> ! top ( ^! upright /ales1   
f\r o!rs are fix$ to act z a /r5g!n+    
frame4 ,^! la/ %\ld be secur$ 9 place ) 
doll p9s 9 addition to ! ord9>y dab (   
tube glue4 ,!n across ! frame s made    
%\ld be fix$ "o or two %ort l5g?s ( /ale
 9 ord] to divide ! /& into two or ?ree 
comp>tm5ts4 ,fig4 #cj %[s ! complet$ /&4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4   ,a ,doll's
 ,f5d] is ano!r article ( simil> type4  
,= ?is we require a c>dbo>d or v5e] base
 & a numb] ( /ales4 ,! base is cut out s
 z to measure at ! mo/ #e 94 9 l5g?2 #e 
94 by #a-a_/d 94 is a v suitable size4  
,n[ on ?ree sides ?is w h a rail1       
con/ruct$ ) /ales alone4 ,a pill> is    
requir$ ab\t #a_/h 94 f ea* corn]3 ?is  
pill> %\ld be ab\t #c_/d 94 high4       

,/ret*+ f pill> to pill> & glu$ to !    
base w be ?ree pieces--"o a long "o1    
approximately #d-a_/b 94 long1 & ! o!r  
two %ort ones1 ab\t #c_/d 94 9 l5g?4    
,above ^!1 & n f> bel[ ! tops ( !       
pill>s1 w be fix$ a p>allel s]ies ( long
 & %ort rails1 fix$ into position ) doll
 p9s & glue4 ,v %ort pieces glu$ into an
 upright position betwe5 ! two long     
p>allel rails add to ! /ability ( !     
/ructure & improve ! appe>ance 7,fig4   
#ca74 ,if y c /a9 ! diff]5t pieces )    
black & br[n to repres5t iron & copp]1  
!n a v effective repres5tation ( a f5d] 
w be obta9$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 
,) a little +5uity a set (              
fireirons--pok]1 tongs1 & %ovel--c be   
devis$ & con/ruct$ f mat* /ales4   ,9   
simil> fa%ion c\ntless o!r objects c be 
copi$ 9 m9iature ) mo/ pleas+ results4  
,we h n space "h to detail ! con/ruction
 ( any m2 b we w\ld sugge/ t "s ( !     
foll[+ might be attempt$3 b$/ead1 table1
 *air1 deck *air 7fold+71 camp b$       
7fold+74  ,! con/ruction ( "o or two (  

^! w d\btless sugge/ _m m1 & reveal to !
 read] ! b\ndless possibilities ( ?is   
peculi>ly fasc9at+ pa/ime4   ,!re is    
ano!r brok5 h\sehold article on :i* ! "y
 toy-mak] may n ca/ eyes ( scorn1 & t is
 ! brok5 clo!s peg4 ,9 skilful h&s1 ?is 
is capable ( recon/ruction to v useful  
ends4  ,9 ! fir/ place1 if y c use a    
pocket-knife ) "s degree ( skill1 y w be
 able to *ip out ( a few brok5 pegs q a 
respectable set (  ,*ess ,m54--,! pegs  
mu/ be sawn across cleanly j ?r\gh !    
c5tre ( ! knob end3 !y w !n /& upright4 
,a few clean cuts ) a pocket-knife w q  
easily sugge/ a k+ or a ca/le or a      
bi%op4 ,! knight w1 ( c\rse1 provide mo/
 9 ! way ( difficulty--z he is g5]ally  
%[n ) a horse's head4 ,a few pa9/ak+    
attempts1 h[ev]1 %\ld result 9 ! obta9+ 
( a cr$ible lik5ess4 ,fig4 #cb %[s !    
con/ruction ( a pawn4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #cb4   ,skittle ,m54--,ano!r     
piece ( "w = ! pocket-knife exp]t is !  
provision ( a set ( funny skittle m5 =  
use 9 ! game ( catapult skittles 7see   

bel[74 ,^! c be cut out to any qua9t    
%ape1 & may be c>icatures ( well-kn[n p1
 or ( trades1 c4 ,mu* amusem5t c be got 
out ( ! cutt+ & pa9t+ ( ^! grotesque    
little figures4 ,hats c be provid$ = !m 
by glue+ on little r+s ( c>dbo>d 7,fig4 
#cc74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4   ,a   
,catapult ,game4--,probably e boy kn[s  
:at a catapult is--& :at fun !re is 9 ! 
us+ ( x4 ,happy "y f+]s pull back !     
p[]ful ela/ic1 & bright eyes wat* ! /one
 g :izz+ away4 ,!re is a flutt]+ ( :ite 
w+s3 some?+ falls2 & !re1 ly+ 9 ! road1 
is a motionless lump ( fle% &           
fea!rs--all t rema9s ( :at 0 a beautiful
 little bird1 p\r+ out its he>t 9 joyful
 song4  ,boys :o ?9k = a m9ute w n want 
to use ! catapult 9 t cruel fa%ion3 !y w
 pref] a game 9 :i* no h>m is done1 9   
:i* no innoc5t creature is h>m$1 b :i*  
provides j z mu* fun4 ,catapult skittles
 is su* a game4  ,x consi/s simply ( a  
bo>d ) a catapult at "o end1 & a set (  
skittles at ! o!r4 ,! brok5 peg skittles
 dealt ) above w d admirably = ?is      

7,fig4 #cd74  ,! catapult itself c also 
be made ) two pegs4 ,^! %\ld be cut (f  
cleanly at ! =ks4 ,two holes1 ab\t #c 94
 ap>t1 %\ld !n be bor$ 9 ! base bo>d 7= 
?is1 a piece ( plank ab\t #c ft4 or #d  
ft4 long w d q well71 & ! pegs screw$ on
 7see ,fig4 #ci on page #cd74           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4  ,= ammunition
 all y ne$ is an unlimit$ numb] ( little
 pieces ( c>dbo>d1 fold$ 9 two4 ,^! c>ry
 well1 are q heavy en\gh to upset !     
skittles1 &1 above all1 are n likely to 
hurt1 ev5 if !y d /rike a play]4  ,if y 
wi% to v>y ! game slightly1 y c rig up a
 cok]nut %y 9 place ( ! skittles4 ,?is y
 w f9d v popul> at ,*ri/mas "t1         
p>ticul>ly if y play = ! nuts4  ,= ?is y
 want "s wire hoops on :i* to /& ! nuts4
 ,to make ^!1 take a piece ( /iff wire  
ab\t #e 94 long & b5d "o end 9 ! %ape ( 
a small circle1 ab\t #a_/b 94 across4   
,n[ b5d ?is loop s t x is at "r angles  
to ! wire2 !n :5 ! wire is upright !    
circle w be horizontal 7,fig4 #ce74     
,%>p5 ! o!r end ) a file4 ,make ?ree or 

f\r l ?is1 & !n "s m an in* %ort]1 & a  
?ird lot two in*es %ort]4 ,^! mu/ !n be 
driv5 into ! o!r end ( ! catapult bo>d s
 t !y are n too close toge!r2 o!rwise ! 
game is too easy4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#ce4  ,n[ all y ne$ is a c>dbo>d %elt]4 
,?is c be oblong at ! ends & triangul>  
at ! sides2 b ! %ape is q immat]ial s   
long z ! %y is prop]ly %ut 94 ,fig4 #cf 
%[s a suitable arrangem5t4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4   ,ano!r      
tip-top game1 = ! mak+ ( :i* y c use    
brok5 clo!s pegs1 is ! r+-bo>d or indoor
 quoits4 ,?is consi/s simply ( a bo>d ) 
a numb] ( pegs project+ f x4 ,! object (
 ! game is to ?r[ a numb] ( r+s 9 su* a 
fa%ion t !y w lodge on ! pegs1 scor+    
po9ts accord+ to ! numb]s m>k$ at ea*   
peg4 ,! bo>d may be hung on ! wall1 or  
else plac$ flat on ! floor4 ,9 ! =m]    
case1 ! pegs mu/ h a slightly upw>d     
slant1 s t ! r+s w n tumble (f easily2 9
 ! latt] ! r+s mu/ be upright4  ,to make
 ei!r game1 obta9 a piece ( wood ab\t   
#ah 94 squ>e4 ,y w probably ne$ to jo9  

up bo>ds = ?is4 ,if y get ?ree pieces ( 
#f-;94 bo>d1 ea* #ah 94 long1 & secure  
^! side by side by means ( a c\ple (    
batt5s1 nail$ "r across ! back1 ! result
 w be a squ>e ( ! "r size 7,fig4 #cg74  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4  ,n[ m>k out !
 bo>d z 9 ,fig4 #ch4 ,at ! po9ts :]e !  
dott$ l9es cross y w fix ! project+     
pegs4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4  ,= ^! 
la/ take "s brok5 pegs1 & saw !m (f     
cleanly1 j above ! =k4 ,if ! bo>d is to 
be a gr\nd bo>d1 cut !m q level2 if an  
upright bo>d1 !n slightly slant+ 7,fig4 
#ci74 ,^! mu/ be secur$ 9 place by long 
?9 screws driv5 9 f ! back--! correct   
holes hav+ be5 bor$ 9 ! base bo>d4 ,n[  
give ea* peg a numb]--assign+ ! high]   
numb]s to ! m difficult pegs--& pa9t !  
numb] on ! back bo>d close to ! peg4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4  ,= r+s v>i\s 
?+s c be us$4 ,old brass curta9 r+s are 
suitable 9 "s respects1 especially = !  
gr\nd game1 b !y are v noisy4 ,?ick     
india-rubb] r+s are frequ5tly us$1 & c  
be pur*as$ q *eaply at any games %op4   

,r+s made ( /\t cord1 or ?9 rope1 are   
frequ5tly play$ )1 especially on bo>d   
%ip1 :]e ! gr\nd game is v popul>4 ,%\ld
 !re be any difficulty 9 obta9+ or mak+ 
any ( ^!1 !n x is a v simple matt] to   
cut r+s f a %eet ( ?ick c>dbo>d4  ,!    
great objection to ! upright game is !  
nuisance ( ! fall+ r+s4 ,?is may be     
avoid$ p>tly by con/ruct+ a c>dbo>d     
cat*] to fit und]nea?4 ,?is is simply a 
c>dbo>d triangle1 or r two "r-angl$     
triangles jo9$ toge!r by tape s z to b5d
 easily & be /rong3 ^! are nail$ to !   
two "u edges ( ! bo>d 7,fig4 #dj74      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4   ,ano!r      
spl5did %oot+ toy is ! ,d>t ,box4 ,= ?is
 y ne$ a wood5 box ( "s sort4 ,size &   
%ape d n matt] v mu*1 b a box ) ends    
r\ghly squ>e w\ld d be/3 "o #ae 94 long1
 #f 94 wide1 & #f 94 deep w\ld be       
admirable = ! purpose4  ,on ! inside (  
"o end pa9t a t>get1 & numb] ea*        
division1 assign+ high] numb]s to !     
spots m difficult to hit 7,fig4 #da74   
,n[ 9 ! c5tre ( ! opposite end bore a   

circul> hole ) a diamet] ( ab\t #c_/h   
942 & across ?is1 on ! outside ( ! box1 
fa/5 a /rong piece ( ribbon             
ela/ic--nail+ d[n ea* end ) a piece (   
wood 7,fig4 #db74 ,= ! d>t1 take a      
but*]'s wood5 skew]1 & into ! po9t$ end 
introduce a piece ( a /\t ne$le4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #db4  ,:5 %oot+ ) ?is toy1 hold 
! box firmly1 op5 ! lid1 fit ! d>t 9 !  
hole f ! inside1 & draw back ! ela/ic4  
,:5 y h tak5 c>eful aim1 close d[n ! lid
 & let g4  ,?is is a capital toy1 &     
provides endless amusem5t4 ,also x is a 
v desirable "o z f> z %oot+ is conc]n$1 
= ! clos+ d[n ( ! lid ensures p]fect    
safety4   ,:ile talk+ ( mak+ ?+s f clo!s
 pegs1 we may z well give p>ticul>s ( "o
 or two ?+s :i* w appeal r m to our girl
 read]s4   ,a ,key ,rack su* z t %[n 9  
,fig4 #dc is j su* an article z a girl  
w\ld take a delight 9 mak+1 because (   
its simplicity & its prett9ess4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4  ,! only      
mat]ials requir$ are two pegs1 "s hooks1

 & a l5g? ( ribbon4 ,take ! two         
pegs--:i* %\ld be nicely turn$ ones--&  
w$ge ! prongs "o )9 ! o!r s t ! pegs    
rema9 fix$ at "r angles4 ,9 do+ ?is1 pu%
 ! pegs 9 tightly1 b take c>e n to split
 ! pegs 9 s do+4 ,us+ a bradawl1 make a 
hole ?r\gh ! junction ( ! prongs1 &     
screw 9 a hook3 ! common sort z us$ on  
dress]s1 c41 w d q well4 ,n[ bore holes 
midway betwe5 ! junction & ! knobs1 &   
screw 9 two m hooks4  ,if n[ a coat (   
enamel be giv5 to ! pegs--say gre5 9    
col\r--& if ribbons 7pale blue7 be      
ta/ily arrang$ z %[n 9 ! sket*1 !n a v  
pretty & useful little article w result4
   ,yet ano!r spl5did little article f  
pegs is a  ,picture ,po/c>d ,/&1 = :i* !
 only necessities w be two pegs & a     
piece ( wood = a base 7,fig4 #dd74      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4  ,?is base    
%\ld be ab\t #d-a_/b 94 long & ab\t     
#b-a_/b 94 wide4 ,x c be cut f wood (   
any ?ickness1 b a piece ab\t #c_/h 94   
?ick is ! mo/ suitable4 ,f9d ! c5tre (  
ea* end edge ( ! base1 & draw a l9e "r  

across ! wood4 ,if n[ y measure 9 "o in*
 f ea* end y w get ! two spots to :i* to
 affix ! pegs4  ,^! la/ mu/ fir/ ( all h
 "o prong remov$1 or r en\gh ( a prong  
to leave a qu>t]-in* /ump project+4 ,?is
 /ump %\ld be r\nd$ ) a %>p knife1 & !n 
! :ole peg %\ld be f9i%$ (f )           
glass-pap]4 ,^! pegs mu/ !n be fix$ knob
 d[nw>ds on to ! base4 ,fig4 #ci on page
 #cd %[s a suitable me?od = ?is4  ,if y 
are at all skilful ) y\r tools y w be   
able to cut a nice m\ld+ r\nd ! edge ( !
 base1 & s improve ! arti/ic effect (   
y\r model4  ,two ?9 coats ( v>ni%1 or ( 
good enamel1 w complete ?is attractive  
little article4   ,"o little wood5 toy1 
q int]e/+ 9 itself1 & v useful :5 play+ 
) soldi]s1 is  ,! ,w9dlass4--,"s odd    
pieces ( la? or cig>-box wood1 a cotton 
reel1 a l5g? ( /r+1 "s /\t wire1 & "s   
glue & p9s1 provide all ! necess>ies4 ,!
 cotton reel %\ld be ! l>ge/ obta9able4 
,fig4 #de %[s ! complet$ "w4 ,fir/ (    
all1 make a squ>e base = ! w9dlass4 ,if 
! reel is #c 94 long1 cut (f f\r l5g?s (

 la? 7or f\r in*-/rips ( cig>-wood box7 
ea* #d 94 long1 & glue ^! into a holl[  
squ>e1 two "u & two ov]4 ,n[ cut (f two 
m l5g?s1 #c 94 long1 = ! upright        
supports--mak+ ! top ends po9t$ to hold 
! slant+ cov]s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#de4  ,be=e ^! side-pieces are glu$ &   
p9n$ into position1 x w be necess>y to  
ins]t ! reel4 ,get a piece ( skew]1 or  
lead p5cil1 #d 94 long1 & glue x into ! 
hole 9 ! reel4 ,at "o end ( ! axle s =m$
 w be plac$ ! h&le4 ,?is c be made 9    
sev]al ways1 ei!r ) wood or wire1 or a  
mixture ( ! two 7,figs4 #df1 #dg1 #dh %[
 "s v>ieties1 :i* may also be useful 9  
mak+ o!r toys74 ,holes j l>ge en\gh to  
all[ ! axle to turn freely mu/ !n be cut
 9 ! side supports4  ,! two slant+ cov]s
 %\ld be ab\t #d 94 long1 s z to all[ a 
trifle to project at ea* end1 & %\ld be 
f #c_/d 94 to #a 94 wide4 ,! two edges  
:i* meet to =m ! apex ( ! cov] %\ld be  
bevell$ (f s z to =m a clean jo94  ,9   
mak+ ?is model x w\ld p]haps be z well  
to use c>p5t]'s glue 9 place ( ! prep>$ 

/uff4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #dh4   ,f ! mat]ial suppli$ by  
"o or two empty cig> boxes1 _m int]e/+  
?+s c be made1 especially articles = use
 ) dolls--cradles1 c>ts1 furniture1 c4  
,if ^! articles are ( no use to y1 !y   
come 9 v h&y = pres5ts to little si/]s &
 fri5ds1 especially :5 well made &      
c>efully f9i%$4   ,a ,doll's ,cradle is 
p]haps "o ( ! simple/ to comm5ce )4 ,to 
a box f :i* ! lid has be5 remov$1 x is  
only necess>y to add two rock]s4 ,^! c  
be cut out f ! lid by means ( a fret    
saw1 & !n smoo!d d[n ) glass-pap]4 ,fig4
 #di %[s ! be/ %ape = ! rock]s1 :i* %\ld
 be glu$ on ab\t an in* f ea* end ( !   
box 7,fig4 #ej74 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5
 t ! two rock]s are z ne>ly alike z     
possible1 o!rwise ! cradle w n sw+ to & 
fro freely4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4   ,a ,doll's  
,c>t is also comp>atively easy to make1 
! only really try+ "p be+ ! cutt+ ( !   
f\r :eels4  ,= ! body ( ! c>t use a cig>

 box :i* has be5 depriv$ ( its lid1 &   
plan$ d[n level r\nd ! edges4 ,to ! "u  
side ( ?is body1 & ab\t "o in* f ea*    
end1 glue two pieces ( wood to :i* to   
fix ! :eels4 ,/r5g!n ^! jo9s by means ( 
%ort p9s driv5 ?r\gh4 ,fix ! :eels to ^!
 pieces by means ( p9s 7,fig4 #ea74 ,9  
ord] to support ^! two :eel-hold]s1     
/ret* ano!r piece across ! space betwe5 
!m1 at "r angles to ea*1 glu+ x firmly  
to ! two c5tres4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#ea4  ,! :eels %\ld be cut ) a fret saw1
 if y possess "o4 ,if y d n possess "o1 
!n draw out ! circle on ! wood1 & cut ! 
squ>e conta9+ ! circle4 ,!n saw (f !    
corn]s to =m an eight-sid$ figure1 & g  
on cutt+ (f corn]s until y get d[n to ! 
circle1 :i* y c f9i% (f ) glass-pap]    
7,fig4 #eb74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 
,a little hook or r+ %\ld be atta*$ at !
 bottom ( "o end1 9 ord] t a /r+ may be 
ti$ on1 & ! vehicle drawn along4   ,a   
,jack-9-!-,box4--,"o ( ! mo/ old-fa%ion$
 ( toys1 ?is nev] loses its int]e/4 ,!  
box requir$ = x is practically cubical3 

!re=e #f f\r-in* squ>es ( cig>-box wood 
mu/ be cut out4 ,two ( ^! w ne$ to be   
cut d[n to #c-c_/d 94 9 wid?1 s t !     
f\r-in* bottom & lid w fit3 s f two     
squ>es cut a /rip #a_/d 94 wide4 ,glue &
 p9 toge!r ! two #c-c_/d pieces & two ( 
! f\r-in* pieces to =m a holl[ squ>e4   
,to ?is w be fix$ "o ( ! o!r f\r-in*    
pieces to =m a bottom2 & at ! o!r end ! 
rema9+ f\r-in* piece w be h+$ 7or wir$  
on l ! lid ( a *ocolate box74  ,be=e !  
bottom is f9ally put on1 x w be necess>y
 to atta* ! me*anism4 ,= ?is y w require
 a /rong piece ( spr+ ab\t #f 94 long :5
 releas$1 & a doll's head4 ,"o end ( !  
spr+ mu/ be fix$ to ! c5tre ( ! base4 ,y
 c d ?is by means ( t9y wire /aples 7b5t
 p9s ) ! heads nipp$ (f7 hamm]$ ov] !   
wire into ! base1 & !n b5t back on !    
opposite side ( ! wood 7,fig4 #ec74 ,at 
! o!r end ( ! spr+ a piece ( c>dbo>d mu/
 be fix$1 & to x ! doll's head mu/ be   
firmly glu$4 ,:5 ! me*anism is complete1
 nail on ! bottom1 & fix ! lid4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4  ,into ! c5tre

 ( ! front edge ( ! lid drive a small   
nail1 or /\t p91 & on ! box j bel[ fix a
 revolv+ cat* hook4 ,?is y c q easily   
cut f an old piece ( fairly ?ick t9     
7,fig4 #ed74 ,9 ?is way an effective    
means is provid$ ( releas+ ! lid &      
enabl+ ! ,jack to %oot out sudd5ly4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4   ,! ,jig-saw 
,puzzle 0 at "o "t a v popul> toy1 & !re
 are signs t its popul>ity is be+       
reviv$4 ,if x does n int]e/ y           
p>ticul>ly1 x w provide a little bro!r  
or si/] ) endless amusem5t4  ,9 reality 
! puzzle consi/s m]ely ( a picture      
7g5]ally an int]e/+ col\r$ "o7 glu$ v   
firmly to a piece ( fretwood or cig>-box
 wood4 ,?is is !n by means ( a fret saw 
cut into a great _m pieces1 %ap$ z      
qua9tly & awkw>dly z possible 7see ,fig4
 #ee74 ,^! pieces are !n jumbl$ up into 
disord]1 & pass$ on to ! little "o 9    
ord] t ! %apes may be fitt$ into place &
 ! orig9al picture recon/ruct$4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4   ,some:at    
aft] ! /yle ( ! jig-saw puzzle j        

describ$ is !  ,geometrical ,puzzle %[n 
9 ,fig4 #ef4 ,ea* ( ^! consi/s ( a      
capital lett] divid$ up by "o or two    
/raight l9es into "r-angl$ triangles &  
o!r geometrical %apes4 ,:ile v simple to
 look at :5 complet$1 ^! little puzzles 
are by no means easy to solve :5 ! odd  
pieces are giv5 9 a jumbl$ /ate4 ,!     
capital lett]s %\ld be drawn on a piece 
( cig>-box wood1 & !n c>efully cut out )
 a fret saw1 or1 bett] /ill1 ) a t5on   
saw if y h "o4 ,if y _c manage wood1 !n 
! puzzle c be done 9 /\t c>dbo>d & cut  
out ) a %>p ?9 knife4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #ef4   ,( o!r *eaply made puzzles
  ,! ,reels & ,/r+ ,puzzle is highly    
ent]ta9+4 ,! only mat]ials requir$ = x  
are ! lid ( a cig> box1 two cotton      
reels1 two beads1 & a l5g? ( smoo? /r+  
or ?9 silk cord4 ,! mak+ is simplicity  
itself4 ,all y ne$ d is cut ! lid 9     
halves & bore ?ree holes 9 a l9e 9 "o ( 
! halves4 ,( c\rse y c ornam5t y\r wood 
z mu* z y l1 b t w 9 no way increase or 
decrease ! effectiv5ess ( ! puzzle4  ,:5

 y h cut x out & f9i%$ x (f nicely )    
glass-pap]1 ?read ! beads & reels z %[n 
9 ,fig4 #eg4 ,take special c>e t y d n  
make any mi/ake 9 ! arrangem5t1 or y\r  
solution w result 9 a hopeless tangle4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4  ,! object ( !
 puzzle is to get ! two cotton reels1   
:i*1 z y see1 are n[ on q sep>ate loops1
 on to "o loop4 ,to solve x proce$ z    
foll[s3 ,take hold ( ! c5tre loop1 &    
pull x d[n to its full ext5t4 ,n[ pass !
 "r-h& reel ?r\gh ! loop4 ,tak+ c>e n to
 twi/ ! cord1 pass ?is loop ?r\gh ! hole
 on ! "r-h& side1 ov] ! bead1 & !n draw 
x back aga94  ,n[ if y foll[ ! same     
proc$ure ) ! left-h& reel y w f9d t !   
c5tre loop is releas$ & c be pull$ ?r\gh
 ! c5tre hole4 ,!n w ! two reels slide  
d[n side by side4   ,"o ?or\ghly        
ent]ta9+ &1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 bewild]+  
puzzle is  ,! ,?ree-hole                
,puzzle4--,really ! puzzle consi/s ( a  
piece ( ?9 wood ) ?ree holes cut 9 x4   
,^! ?ree holes are respectively circul>1
 squ>e1 & triangul> 7,fig4 #eh74 ,!     

problem is to cut "o block ( wood :i* w 
pass ?r\gh ea* hole & at ! same "t fit !
 hole exactly4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#eh4  ,c x be done8 ,at fir/ x looks to 
be q impossible2 b !re is a v neat      
solution to ! difficulty4  ,fir/ cut out
 y\r holes4 ,to d ?is get a cig>-box lid
 & draw out ! ?ree figures1 tak+ c>e t !
 l5g? ( ! side ( ! squ>e & ! l5g? ( !   
side ( ! triangle & ! l5g? ( ! diamet] (
 ! circle are equal4 ,n[1 us+ y\r fret  
saw1 cut out ^! holes v neatly &        
precisely4  ,= ! block y ne$ a small    
cyl9d] ( wood3 an odd piece ( brok5     
broom h&le w d admirably4 ,?is mu/ be   
cut & f9i%$ ) glass-pap] s t x w fit !  
circul> hole exactly4 ,n[ saw a piece j 
z long z ! cyl9d] is wide4 ,?is look$ at
 9 "o way gives an exact squ>e :i* w fit
 ! second hole4 ,?us two holes are cat]$
 =4  ,f9ally1 = ! ?ird hole ! cyl9d] mu/
 be tap]$ on two sides4 ,to d ?is draw a
 diamet] at "o end & !n gradually p>e   
away a flat surface till ! triangul>    
section is obta9$4  ,fig4 #ei %[s h[ !  

block1 :5 turn$ 9 diff]5t ways1 fits !  
?ree holes4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4  
,ano!r toy :i* c be made q easily f     
cig>-box wood is  ,a ,model             
,signal4--,fir/ cut two /rips ( wood1   
half an in* wide & z long z y c get !m1 
:i* w be #h or #i 94 ,^! w /& upright on
 a base bo>d1 & =m ! sides ( ! /&>d4 ,n[
 betwe5 ^! two y mu/ glue %ort] pieces (
 half-in* /rip1 s z to make ! /&>d solid
 at ! top & bottom1 & leave a holl[     
slot1 #a 94 long1 9 :i* ! signal arm w  
fit & "w up & d[n 7,fig4 #fj74          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4  ,n[ cut out &
 pa9t a signal arm1 ab\t #b-a_/b 94     
long4 ,fix ?is by means ( a p9 pass+    
?r\gh ! two sides ( ! /&>d1 & ?r\gh !   
arm ab\t #c_/d 94 f ! squ>e end4 ,if x  
does n move easily 9 ! slot1 take (f !  
top surface ) glass-pap]4 ,be=e fix+ !  
signal arm 9 position1 bore a small hole
 #a_/d 94 f ! squ>e end1 & knot 9 a     
piece ( tw9e or ?9 wire to act z a      
connection betwe5 ! movable arm & !     
controll+ lev] 7,fig4 #fa74             

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4  ,at ! base ( 
! /&>d fix ! controll+ lev]4 ,?is       
consi/s ( a small /rip1 ) a p9 pass+    
?r\gh "o end into ! /&>d4 ,adju/ ! l5g? 
( ! tw9e or wire1 s t :5 ! signal arm is
 d[n1 ! lev] is horizontal2 & :5 ! lev] 
is press$ d[n1 ! arm rises4 ,y c make a 
little contrivance = fix+ ! lev] by     
erect+ a small po/ close to ! /&>d1 &   
glu+ on two /ops1 "u :i* to re/ ! free  
end ( ! lev] 9 its two positions 7,fig4 
#fb74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4  ,if y 
pref] x1 y c h ! controll+ lev] at a    
di/ance f ! signal po/4 ,y w !n ne$ a   
long] wire1 & a little pulley :eel at ! 
base ( ! /&>d4 ,y mu/ ex]cise y\r own   
+5uity = ?is4   ,ano!r int]e/+ little   
sci5tific toy1 :i* has ! additional     
advantage ( be+ useful1 is ! ,wea!r     
,h\se1 or ! ,man & ,woman ,b>omet]4 ,?is
 consi/s ( a little h\se ) two doorways1
 at :i* appe> two figures1 "o 9 f9e     
wea!r1 & ! o!r 9 dull 7,fig4 #fc74      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4  ,) pati5ce & 
c>e ?is is n v difficult to make4 ,= !  

h\se itself y c use an old cig> box1 or1
 if y pref] x1 y c make ! entire h\se 9 
c>dbo>d4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 easi]1 b n v 
durable4 ,if y are go+ to use ! cig>    
box1 y w ne$ fir/ to cut ! lid & bottom 
into some?+ l ! %ape ( a h\se end4 ,y w 
!n h to nail ! lid d[n1 & add two slant+
 pieces = ! sides ( ! ro(3 & t w        
complete ! h\se4  ,h[ev]1 be=e y nail   
d[n ! lid & put on ! ro(1 y w ne$ to    
und]/& ! me*anism4 ,fir/ y w bore a r\nd
 hole 9 ! top ( ! ro(1 j beh9d ! front  
gable4 ,?is hole is = a r\nd peg to :i* 
! revolv+ base is atta*$4  ,! actual    
me*anism ( ! toy consi/s ( a piece (    
catgut 7an old viol9 /r+1 or a          
t5nis-racket /r+74 ,?is passes ?r\gh !  
c5tre ( a small flat piece ( wood on :i*
 ! two figures are balanc$4 ,j 9 front (
 ! /r+ a piece ( wire 7a b5t hairp9 w d 
admirably7 is fix$1 s z to =m a loop    
?r\gh :i* ! catgut c pass 7see ,fig4    
#fd74 ,! o!r end ( ! catgut is fix$ to !
 peg :i* fits 9 ! hole 9 ! ro(4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4  ,= ! man &   

woman y c use two ( ! grotesque figures 
cut f clo!s pegs4 ,screws pass$ ?r\gh ! 
revolv+ base w secure ! figures firmly &
 at ! same "t add a little weight1 & s  
improve ! balance4  ,:5 !re is moi/ure 9
 ! air ! catgut w twi/4 ,y mu/ fit      
toge!r ! diff]5t p>ts & !n1 by turn+ !  
peg to "r or left1 adju/ ! position ( ! 
figures s t ! lady appe>s 9 f9e wea!r & 
! g5tleman 9 wet4   ,a toy ( unfail+    
attraction = boys--& girls z well--is   
,! ,m>ble ,bo>d4--,?is may be q a simple
 affair--su* z a boy c c>ry 9 8 pocket =
 use 9 ! playgr\nd--j a piece ( wood1   
su* z a cig>-box lid1 ) a numb] ( holes 
cut along "o edge1 & a h&le add$ 7,fig4 
#fe72 or x may be a mu* m elaborate =m  
int5d$ = use z a table game4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4  ,9 ?is latt] 
case !re is a front bo>d1 simil> to t 9 
! simple =m2 b beh9d ea* hole !re is a  
little comp>tm5t = ! collection ( !     
m>bles 7,fig4 #ff74 ,to make ?is y ne$  
two pieces ( wood1 ab\t #b 94 wide1 & z 
long z ! table is broad3 any sort ( wood

 w d4 ,^! are = ! front & back ( !      
contrivance4 ,! front mu/ next be m>k$  
out = ! m>ble holes1 all[+ ab\t #a 94 = 
! hole & #a 94 = ! space betwe54 ,(     
c\rse1 ! wid] ! spaces betwe5 ! m       
difficult x becomes to score4 ,^! holes 
mu/ !n be cut out by means ( a fret saw1
 or1 if y d n possess "o1 by means ( saw
 & *isel4 ,! back & front mu/ !n be     
secur$ 9 position by means ( end-pieces 
nail$ or screw$ on4 ,^! %\ld be ab\t #c 
94 long4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4  ,! 
next piece ( "w is ! adju/m5t ( !       
p>titions4 ,= ^! cig>-box wood is be/4  
,y c ei!r cut ^! p>titions to ! exact   
di/ance betwe5 ! front & ! back1 & glue 
!m into position2 or else y c make !m a 
little l>g]1 & fit !m into grooves cut  
into ! front & back3 b t is a nice      
little piece ( c>p5try = y4  ,:5 y h    
done ?is1 all t is necess>y is to give !
 :ole ?+ a coat ( pa9t1 & place numb]s  
ov] ! v>i\s holes--tak+ c>e t y d n put 
all ! high numb]s toge!r4  ,bo>ds simil>
 to ?is are us$ 9 ! ,colonies = a game  

kn[n z ,bobs4 ,l>g] balls are us$1 &    
propell$ by means ( a cue z 9 billi>ds4 
,if y c obta9 ! balls1 ?is is a         
delightful game1 & "o well wor? mak+4   
,a ,wood5 ,w9d ,:eel = ! g>d5 is a      
spl5did little model to make--int]e/+ 9 
itself1 b d\bly desirable because s mu* 
c be done ) x4 ,( c\rse1 x c be made q  
small & v simple1 & /ill provide un5d+  
amusem5t to small] bro!rs & si/]s2 b =  
our own purpose x is j z well to make a 
l>g] & /rong] specim51 "o :i* c be      
employ$ z a p[] /ation = ! work+ (      
small] toys4  ,! ma9 p>ts are3 7#a7 a   
circul> hub1 ab\t #b-a_/b to #c 94 9    
diamet]1 & #a to #a-a_/d 94 9 ?ickness  
7= ! small] v>ieties a cotton reel w d  
admirably72 7#b7 six or eight sails1 ea*
 ab\t #f or #g 94 long & #c 94 wide at !
 extreme end1 tap]+ d[n to a little m   
?an ! wid? ( ! hub at ! o!r2 7#c7 a     
h>dwood axle2 & 7#d7 a driv+ :eel4 ,=   
?is la/ a cotton reel w d spl5didly1    
especially "o ( ^? ) wide flanges & a   
sl5d] c5tre4 ,! g5]al arrangem5t is %[n 

9 ,fig4 #fg4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4 
,! cutt+ ( ! hub is n a v difficult     
matt] if y h a fret saw4 ,x %\ld be cut 
across ! gra9 if y c get a suitable     
piece ( wood4 ,! sails also are q easy  
to make4 ,= ^! y _c beat cig>-box wood4 
,! cutt+ ( ! grooves 9 ! hub = !        
ins]tion ( ! sails is ! mo/ try+ piece (
 "w4 ,^! grooves %\ld be j l>ge en\gh to
 all[ ! sails to fit tightly1 & %\ld be 
cut at an angle ( #de across ! hub4 ,!  
sails %\ld !n be glu$ 9 ) c>p5t]'s glue4
  ,= ! axle secure a piece ( r\nd wood1 
su* z an odd l5g? ( half-in* d[el-rod4  
,?is %\ld be cut to a l5g? ( ab\t       
#d-a_/b to #e 94 ,on ?is %\ld be fix$ ! 
:eel itself1 &1 at a suffici5t di/ance  
to prev5t ! sails cat*+ ! /r+1 ! be>+   
:eel4 ,a ,fr5* nail 9 ea* end ( ! axle w
 !n secure x 9 position betwe5 ! side   
supports & secure an easy runn+4  ,if y 
h a play %$ 9 ! g>d51 ?is app>atus c be 
erect$ at ! top ( a high po/ project+   
?r\gh or at ! side ( ! ro(4 ,! driv+    
/r+s c !n pass ?r\gh a hole 9 ! ro( or !

 wall1 & ! p[] c be transmitt$ by a     
d\ble pulley :eel & ano!r driv+ /r+4 ,if
 y h no play %$1 x is n at all difficult
 to rig x up outside a w9d[4 ,y c try t1
 & prove y\r own inv5tive abilities4    
,h[ to use ! ,w9d ,p[] ,ma*9e4--,"o ?+  
:i* ?is me*anism w drive 9 good fa%ion  
is an ov]head tramway sy/em--a v pretty 
little toy :5 9 work+ ord]4  ,= ?is all 
t is requir$ is a numb] ( cotton reels1 
a l5g? ( /\t cord1 & "o or two ( ! model
 trams describ$ on page #ba4 ,if y c>e  
to1 y c make prop] /&>ds = ! cotton     
reels4 ,fig4 #fh %[s su* an arrangem5t4 
,! flat base is = heavy weights :5 !    
sy/em is rigg$ up on a table or o!r     
place :]e nails _c be us$4 ,^! reels mu/
 turn freely to all[ ! easy passage ( ! 
cable4 ,9 "o place !re mu/ be a d\ble   
reel 7,fig4 #fi7 = ! transmission ( !   
p[]4 ,! l[] reel w act z ! ord9>y cable 
:eel1 :ile ! o!r1 glu$ firmly to x1 w   
c>ry ! driv+ belt f ! w9d ma*9e describ$
 above4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4  ,! model     

trams mu/ be fix$ to ! cable4 ,?is is   
done by means ( two wires1 fix$ to !    
pole ( ! tram & tw9$ r\nd ! cable4 ,:5  
?is is connect$ up & ! cable drawn      
tightly r\nd ! /&>d reels1 ! vehicles   
circulate rapidly on :at is really a    
complete model tramway sy/em4   ,ano!r  
int]e/+ contrivance to :i* ! w9d p[] c  
be h>ness$ is  ,a ,r\ndab\t4--,?is      
attractive little toy c be made q       
readily f "o or two reels1 & f\r ord9>y 
wood5 skew]s4  ,! fir/ ?+ requir$ is a  
base bo>d1 = :i* any tol]ably smoo? &   
heavy piece ( wood w suffice4 ,n[ 9 !   
c5tre ( ?is fix an upright piece ( ?ick 
wire 7a knitt+ ne$le w d72 & glue on a  
cotton reel at ! base ( ?is4  ,9 ord] to
 secure ! absolutely smoo? runn+ ( !    
r\ndab\t x w be necess>y to improvise "s
 sort ( be>+s4 ,= ?is !re is no?+ bett] 
?an two h>d glass beads4 ,if "o ( ^!    
beads be sunk into ! top ( ! reel j     
m5tion$1 & ! o!r fix$ 9 ! bottom ( ano!r
 loose reel1 ! upp] "o w revolve freely 
on ! l[] 7,fig4 #gj74 ,?is loose reel w 

be ! driv+ :eel ( ! contrivance & w hold
 ! p[] b& f ! w9d :eel4 ,fix$ to ?is    
runn+ :eel1 & imm$iately above1 w be    
ano!r reel = ! actual m]ry-g-r\nd4 ,into
 ! sides ( ?is upp]mo/ reel bore f\r    
holes1 & ins]t ! po9t$ ends ( ! f\r     
skew]s1 arrang+ !m s t all f\r are at "r
 angles4 ,! runn+ w be facilitat$ if    
ano!r glass bead is sunk 9 ! top ( ?is  
reel4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4  ,all t
 rema9s n[ to complete ! r\ndab\t is to 
fix f\r figures--horses1 boats1 or      
simil>--at "o end ( ea* skew]4 ,^!      
figures c be drawn on c>dbo>d & cut out2
 or !y c be sawn f fretwood4   ,ano!r   
int]e/+ v>iation ( ?is toy is !  ,fairy 
,light ,:eel4--,= ?is1 in/ead ( fix+    
figures at ! ends ( ! skew]s1 obta9 f\r 
egg %ells1 & susp5d !m by means ( wires 
f ! ends ( ! arms 7,fig4 #ga74 ,n[ if   
little night-lights or odd ends ( c&le  
be plac$ 9 ! egg %ells & light$1 a v    
pretty effect is obta9$ :5 ! :ole is    
made to revolve4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#ga4   ,a toy :i* is always welcome to  

boys & girls is  ,a ,pair (             
,scales4--,moreov] ?is is a toy :i* c be
 made q accurately ) ! aid ( a few q    
ord9>y mat]ials4 ,to a pair ( scales--or
 a balance1 z x is sometimes call$--!re 
are g5]ally ^! p>ts3 7#a7 a balanc+ arm1
 g5]ally call$ ! beam2 7#b7 an upright  
/&>d on :i* ! beam is support$2 7#c7 two
 scale p9s1 & *a9s 7or /r+s7 to susp5d  
!m2 7#d7 a base bo>d to :i* ! upright   
/&>d is fix$4 ,fig4 #gb %[s ! sort ( ?+ 
we mean4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4  ,n[
 ( ^! ?+s n "o pres5ts any real         
difficulty4 ,= ! base bo>d any piece (  
wood ab\t a foot long1 #e 94 wide1 &    
#c_/d 94 ?ick w d q well4 ,= ! upright  
/&>d y require a piece ( wood ab\t #i 94
 long & #a 94 squ>e--"o end ( :i* mu/ be
 fix$ to ! base bo>d4 ,! me?od ( do+ ?is
 w dep5d v l>gely on y\r degree (       
pr(ici5cy 9 ! art ( c>p5try4 ,if y "k h[
 to make a mortise & t5on jo9t1 t w be !
 mo/ suitable4 ,if y _c atta9 to t1 !n  
p]haps y c make a hole j z l>ge z !     
/&>d1 & s9k ! /&>d 9 ! base4 ,if y are n

 at all an exp]t1 !n y mu/ j nail or    
screw y\r /&>d to ! c5tre ( ! base4     
,be=e y d ?is1 h[ev]1 !re is some?+ to  
be done to ! o!r end4 ,y mu/ cut a slot 
#a_/b 94 wide & #a-a_/b 94 deep 7,fig4  
#gc;a72 !n y mu/ cut away small         
triangul> pieces f ! c5tres ( ! tongues 
left 7,fig4 #gc;b72 & f9ally y mu/ nail 
to ! sides ( ! ,v s =m$ two little /rips
 ( t9 7,fig4 #gc;c74  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #gc4  ,! next ?+ to be con/ruct$ 
is ! beam4 ,= ?is y w ne$ a piece (     
fretwood 7or o!r ?9 wood7 ab\t #i or #aj
 94 long & ab\t #a 94 wide4 ,to support 
?is on ! metal ,v pieces y w ne$ a ?9   
piece ( /eel--su* z a piece ( an old    
pocket-knife blade4 ,?is w be driv5     
?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! beam1 & w project     
equally on ei!r side 7,fig4 #gd74       
,rememb]1 x mu/ fit tightly2 s :5 y cut 
! slot = x1 d n make x too wide4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4  ,= ! scale   
pans two cani/] lids w d q well4 ,bore  
?ree holes 9 ea* ( ! rims--measur+ (f ! 
di/ances ) a compass1 s t ! holes are   

equally f> ap>t1 & susp5d ! pans by     
means ( ?ree /r+s pass+ into holes 9 !  
ends ( ! beam4 ,if1 :5 y h complet$ !   
"w1 ! beam does n hang p]fectly         
horizontal1 !n y mu/ add weight or      
subtract weight f "o side or ! o!r4 ,y c
 d ?is by p>+ (f t9y pieces f ! end ( ! 
beam1 or y c /ick on dabs ( seal+ wax   
till ! correct balance is obta9$4  ,if y
 _c get any prop] weights1 !n x is n a v
 difficult matt] to make "s4 ,to d ?is1 
all t y ne$ is to get "s c>dbo>d & a    
supply ( s&1 & to borr[ a complete set (
 weights4 ,fir/ ( all make a numb] (    
little c>dbo>d cubes1 hav+ sides v>y+ f 
#c_/d 94 to #c 94 ,draw ea* "o out on   
c>dbo>d 7,fig4 #ge72 cut x out2 & b9d up
 ) gumm$ tape--leav+ "o side ungumm$4   
,on "o pan ( ! balance put ?is ?+1 & on 
! o!r pan put a prop] weight 7say #a_/b 
oz74 ,n[ p\r 9 s& into ! little cube    
until x exactly balances ! correct      
weight4 ,:5 x does1 wet ! b9d+1 & /ick  
d[n ! rema9+ side4 ,f9ally pr9t !       
correct weight on "o face ( ! cube4     

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4  ,9 simil>    
fa%ion y c proce$ to make all ! diff]5t 
weights t y are likely to require1 f    
#a_/b oz4 upw>ds4 ,:ile n v sub/antial1 
^! little weights w la/ q a long "t1 if 
!y are h&l$ ) c>e4   ,eng9es ( all sorts
 are always fasc9at+ to boys & girls1 & 
lat] on we %all describe "s excell5t    
ones4 ,at ?is po9t we wi% to describe   
:at is possibly "o ( ! simple/ =ms (    
eng9e kn[n1 & c]ta9ly "o ( ! e>lie/4 ,x 
is ! eng9e driv5 by a flang$ :eel1 :i*  
itself is made to turn by ! weight (    
some?+ fall+ on ! flanges4 ,! commone/  
=m ( ?is :eel is ! wat] :eel1 :]e !     
weight ( ! wat] fall+ on ! :eel causes !
 revolution4  ,z wat] is g5]ally a messy
 ?+ to op]ate )1 especially on su* a    
contrivance z ?is1 we h sub/itut$ some?+
 else4  ,= ! work+ ( v light toys1 s&   
provides an alt]native motive p[]4 ,if a
 flang$ :eel be made aft] ! fa%ion ( a  
wat] :eel1 & a /eady /ream ( s& all[$ to
 desc5d on to ! flanges1 !n ! :eel w    
rotate z long z ! supply ( s& la/s1 & ! 

p[] may be transmitt$ by pulley :eels = 
! work+ ( "s simple me*anism4   ,fig4   
#gf %[s  ,a ,s&-p[] ,eng9e4--,! l>ge    
driv+ :eel consi/s ( two circles ( ?ick 
c>dbo>d1 ea* ab\t #f 94 across1 firmly  
glu$ toge!r4 ,^! two circles are        
bevell$1 & fix$ fac+ inw>ds1 s t a      
groove is left 9 :i* ! p[] b& c run4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4  ,?r\gh !     
c5tre ( ! driv+ :eel ?us fa%ion$ a piece
 ( d[ell+ or old lead p5cil is fix$1    
project+ #a_/d 94 on "o side1 & ab\t    
#a-a_/b 94 on ! o!r4 ,nails are driv5 9 
! two ends ( ?is axle1 & ! :eel is      
susp5d$ betwe5 supports1 glu$ & screw$  
firmly to a base bo>d4  ,! flang$ s&    
:eel is next con/ruct$4 ,= ?is1 f\r     
oblong pieces ( c>dbo>d1 #a-a_/d 94 wide
 & ab\t #b 94 long1 are cut out4 ,a l9e 
is scrat*$ along ea* ( ^! ab\t #a_/b 94 
f ! end1 & ! c>dbo>d b5t s z to =m a    
scoop to hold ! s& = an in/ant4 ,^! f\r 
flanges are !n glu$ to ! axle1 & ! side 
( ! driv+ :eel4 ,if ! s& :eel s made is 
n suffici5tly firm1 !n ano!r small      

c>dbo>d circle c be glu$ to ! flanges1  
on ! side remote f ! driv+ :eel3 ?is w  
/r5g!n ! :eel & 9 no way int]f]e ) !    
runn+4  ,all t is necess>y n[ is to     
erect "s sort ( s& supply3 = ?is a l>ge 
cani/] w d4 ,a t9y hole mu/ be pun*$ 9 !
 bottom ( ! t91 & a revolv+ trap made ) 
ano!r piece ( t94 ,?is is simple en\gh3 
all y ne$ to d is cut a piece ( t9 ab\t 
#c_/d 94 long & #a_/b 94 wide1 & pun* a 
hole 9 "o end4 ,?is pi]c$ t9 %\ld !n be 
plac$ s t ! unbrok5 end ( ! slip cov]s !
 supply hole4 ,a =k$ rivet %\ld !n be   
pass$ ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! slip & ?r\gh !   
bottom ( ! cani/] & fix$ 9 place 7,fig4 
#gg72 ! trap c !n be made to revolve1 & 
! s& supply />t$ or /opp$ at w4 ,!      
cani/] %\ld be plac$ above ! :eel s t a 
?9 /ream falls on ! flanges & turns !   
:eel4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4  ,if a 
/r+ be n[ pass$ r\nd ! outside edge ( ! 
driv+ :eel1 ! me*anism c be h>ness$ to  
any toy & ! motive p[] suppli$4 ,=      
in/ance1 ! contrivance c be erect$ on a 
flat hull simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #hc1  

page #gj2 & ! p[] b&1 pass+ ?r\gh a hole
 9 ! c5tre ( ! hull1 c be connect$ ) !  
propell] by means ( a rod 79 place ( !  
ela/ic74 ,! resultant ma*9e1 ?\gh n     
highly effici5t1 is yet q attractive4   
,ano!r mat]ial f :i* "s delightful toys 
c be contriv$ is t91 or1 z x is m       
correctly call$1 t9n$ iron4 ,?is is !   
/uff cocoa t9s & mu/>d t9s & _m o!r     
articles are made (4 ,p]haps ! simple/  
toy we c comm5ce ) is  ,a ,rotat+       
,snake4--,= ?is secure a clean flat     
piece ( ?9 t9--! piece :i* ! little     
pat5t cutt] removes f ! top ( a r\nd    
cig>ette t9 w d admirably--&1 us+ a s(t 
lead p5cil1 draw on x a spiral snake1   
su* z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #gh4 ,n[ cut along 
! l9es ) a /\t pair ( scissors1 or else 
) a %>p-po9t$ knife4 ,pull out !        
resultant spiral till x is /ret*$ z 9   
,fig4 #gi1 & m\nt x by means ( ! tail on
 an upright piece ( po9t$ /\t wire4 ,!  
s]p5t w rotate on ?is = a consid]able   
"t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4  ,if y are    

good at b5t-wire "w1 y w be able to make
 a wire /& by :i* to fix x on a lamp    
*imney or gas globe3 x w !n revolve     
cont9u\sly1 & ) consid]able spe$4   ,a  
,t9-c ,/eam ,roll]4--,?is is a nice     
piece ( metal "w1 &1 :5 f9i%$ well1     
provides a prop] little toy4 ,to        
con/ruct x y ne$ sev]al t9s--a r\nd t91 
su* z a cocoa t91 ab\t #b 94 across & #d
 94 long2 an oblong t91 ab\t #c-a_/b 94 
by #c 94 by #b 941 su* z ! l>g]-siz$    
mu/>d t9s2 a r\nd cig>ette t91 ab\t     
#b-a_/b 94 across & #c-a_/d 94 deep2 two
 equal-siz$ t9 lids f cani/]s1 ea* ab\t 
#d 94 across2 & a cotton reel4 ,^!1 !   
ma9 items1 :5 put toge!r1 yield a model 
simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #hj4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4  ,! fix+ is q 
a simple affair4 ,) a pair ( metal %e>s 
7or /rong scissors7 y cut away a portion
 ( ! top ( ! cocoa t91 s z to leave ?ree
 tongues4 ,!n on ! side ( ! oblong mu/>d
 t9 y m>k ?ree l9es to correspond ) !   
?ree tongues1 & cut !m ?r\gh s z to =m  
?ree slots into :i* ! tongues may fit4  

,n[1 if ! tongues be b5t outw>ds or     
inw>ds1 !n ! two t9s w hold firmly      
toge!r1 & give ! boil] & cab ( ! ma*9e  
7,fig4 #ha74  ,be=e b5d+ ^!1 h[ev]1 x is
 necess>y to bore a hole 9 ! "u side ( !
 boil] = ! fix+ ( ! front roll]4 ,?is is
 atta*$ to ! boil] by means ( a n>r[    
/rip ( t9 b5t twice at "r angles1 & kept
 9 place by means ( a =k$ brass rivet or
 a /rong brass pap] fa/5] s t x w       
revolve freely4 ,?is n>r[ /rip ( t9 j   
fits ov] ! cig>ette t9--a piece ( knitt+
 ne$le be+ us$ z axle1 pass+ ?r\gh holes
 bor$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! bottom & lid ( ! t91
 & ?r\gh ! ends ( ! slip4  ,= ! l>g] re>
 :eels ! lids ( two cani/]s c be us$1   
or1 if some?+ is requir$ giv+ a m       
def9ite impression ( solidity1 two flat 
boot-poli% t9s c be sub/itut$4 ,ano!r   
piece ( knitt+ ne$le passes ?r\gh !     
c5tre ( ^!1 & ?r\gh holes 9 ! sides ( ! 
cab1 & s acts z axle4 ,?is is kept 9    
place by means ( dabs ( seal+ wax4  ,= !
 /ack y c use a long ?9 cotton reel1 or1
 bett] /ill1 y c fix on ano!r small t9  

by ! me?od %[n 9 ,fig4 #ha4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4  ,! turn+ ( ! 
front :eel c be regulat$ by means ( two 
/r+s pass+ f ! two "r-angle /rips ?r\gh 
a hole into ! cab4 ,if y c fix ! /r+s to
 a piece ( wood z %[n 9 ,fig4 #hb1 y w  
be able to /e] prop]ly4 ,a hole 9 !     
bottom ( ! cab1 & a piece ( wood /ret*$ 
tightly across ! top1 %\ld enable y to  
set up ! /e]+ app>atus4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #hb4   ,a ,work+ ,motor          
,boat4--,to con/ruct a motor boat t w   
travel a consid]able di/ance is n really
 a difficult matt]4 ,all t is necess>y  
is a piece ( bo>d = a hull1 a wood or   
metal propell]1 & a y>d or two ( /rong  
ela/ic3 ^!1 c>efully adju/$1 w d all t  
is necess>y4  ,= ! hull1 a piece ( #e_/h
 94 or #c_/d 94 bo>d1 ab\t #ah 94 long w
 d4 ,?is c be cut to ! boat %ape by     
means ( a pocket knife or a spoke%ave1 &
 f9i%$ (f ) glass-pap]4 ,x %\ld be      
%>p-po9t$ at ! b[s1 ab\t #c 94 to #d 94 
at ! c5tre1 tap]+ d[n to a wid? ( #b 94 
at ! /]n4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! hull nail a    

block ( wood1 & to x glue two funnels   
7,fig4 #hc74 ,= ^!1 ! odd l5g?s cut (f f
 bamboo curta9 poles w d admirably2 or1 
if ^! be n obta9able1 a c\ple (         
inc&esc5t-mantle cases w suffice4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4  ,! adju/m5t (
 ! motive p[] is ! difficult task4      
,fir/1 y w ne$ to pur*ase a c\ple ( y>ds
 ( suitable ela/ic3 ?is is sold at mo/  
l>ge toy %ops1 & co/s usually a p5ny a  
y>d4 ,to fix ?is into place b5ea? ! hull
 y w ne$ to con/ruct two metal supports4
 ,if y c get an old t9 box made f metal 
suffici5tly /\t1 t w d2 if n1 !n y _h   
bett] buy a piece ( %eet brass1 ,no4 #bj
 gauge3 #f 94 by #d 94 w be ample4 ,draw
 out ^! supports z %[n 9 ,figs4 #hd &   
#he1 & b5d !m into %ape z 9 ,figs4 #hf &
 #hg--"o = ! b[ & "o = ! /]n4 ,screw on 
! b[ "o ab\t #a-a_/b 94 or #b 94 f !    
po9t1 & ! /]n "o 9 ! middle ( ! end4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #he4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4  ,n[ into ! b[
 support fix a loop ( /\t wire to hold !

 rubb] /r&s1 mak+ x suffici5tly l>ge to 
re/ aga9/ ! sides & s prev5t turn+4 ,at 
! /]n support adju/ ! propell] be>+s4   
,on ! c>e ) :i* ^! are adju/$ dep5ds    
l>gely ! success ( ! model4 ,take a     
piece ( wire 7#a_/af-;in* brass is be/7 
& b5d x z 9 ,fig4 #hh1 introduc+ a h>d  
smoo? glass bead4 ,?is bead runs m      
freely aga9/ ! metal1 & s facilitates ! 
work+4 ,n[ /ret* ! ela/ic betwe5 ! two  
loops1 arrang+ x s t !re are six or     
eight /r&s4 ,to "w ! model1 turn !      
propell] r\nd & r\nd till ! /r&s (      
ela/ic are v tightly twi/$1 place on !  
surface ( ! wat]1 & !n release !        
propell]4 ,fig4 #hc %[s ! complet$      
model4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4   ,all
 boys love a toy t goes2 & s a %ort     
acc\nt %[+ h[ to make  ,a ,/eamboat t w 
actually travel on ! wat] w be v        
welcome4 ,our boat1 :i* 9 reality is n a
 /eam boat1 inasmu* z no /eam is g5]at$1
 is v simple 9 its con/ruction &        
possesses nei!r :eels nor pi/ons nor    
cranks1 nor any ( ! ?+s t "o associates 

) a /eam]4  ,! :ole motive p[] is       
suppli$ by "o or two c&le ends1 & a b5t 
piece ( /rong metal tub+4 ,?is la/ c    
sc>cely be call$ ei!r odds or ends2 & y 
w probably h to pur*ase x at a %op sell+
 model-eng9e fitt+s1 b a few p5ce w cov]
 ! co/4 ,y mu/ get an eight-in* piece ( 
solid drawn copp] or brass tub+1 ) an   
inside diamet] ( #a_/h 94 7,n4,b4--,d n 
let ! man sell y sold]$ tub+1 = x w     
c]ta9ly crack :5 y b5d x47  ,! next     
op]ation is ! mo/ difficult3 x is b5d+ !
 tube to ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #hi4 ,?is   
mu/ be done v g5tly1 o!rwise y w crack  
or d5t x4 ,! loop %[n %\ld h a diamet] (
 ab\t #e_/h to #c_/d ( an in*4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4  ,! actual    
boat itself c be ( any %ape4 ,if y happ5
 to h an old wood5 hull suitable to !   
purpose1 use t2 if n1 !n a flat hull    
simil> to t describ$ on page #gj w d q  
well4 ,fix ! b5t tub+ at ! /]n ( ! boat1
 s t ! two op5 ends project ov] ! edge &
 dip b5ea? ! surface ( ! wat] 7,fig4    
#ij74 ,two pieces ( wire b5t z 9 ,fig4  

#ij;a w hold ! tub+ 9 place4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4  ,all t y ne$ 
d n[ is place ! c&les "u ! loop ( ! tube
 & heat x4 7,if y h a t9y _s lamp1 t w  
act m effectively1 ( c\rse47 ,! heat f !
 c&les makes ! air 9 ! tube v hot4 ,?is 
hot air is expell$ f "o arm ( ! tube2 & 
a curr5t ( wat] ru%es up "o arm ( ! tube
 & d[n ! o!r ) consid]able =ce4 ,x is   
?is curr5t t causes ! boat to move4     
,ano!r ,work+ ,/eamboat4--,?is "t our   
boat w m]it its "n--= we %all h a boil]1
 & g5]ate a supply ( /eam4  ,if y look  
at ,fig4 #ia y w get a good idea ( !    
con/ruction ( ?is model1 & realise h[   
simple x really is4 ,! boil] is provid$ 
by a m$ium-siz$ flat oblong t91 ) ! lid 
sold]$ d[n s t x is /eam tight4 ,= !    
purpose ( putt+ wat] into ! boil] :5    
necess>y1 a hole is bor$ 9 ! lid1 & a   
cork fitt$ tightly4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #ia4  ,9 "o end ( ! boil]1 &     
t[>ds ! top1 y mu/ make a p9 hole4 ,:5 !
 wat] boils well1 ! /eam is expell$     
?r\gh ?is t9y hole ) consid]able =ce2 & 

to ?is is due ! motion ( ! craft4  ,!   
rema9d] ( ! fitt+ up is soon done4 ,a   
flat hull simil> to t describ$ on page  
#gj is prep>$1 & f\r flat-head$ nails   
driv5 91 s t ! f\r corn]s ( ! boil] c   
ea* /& on a nail head4 ,! rudd] is cut f
 an old piece ( t91 & press$ into a     
knife-cut made 9 ! c5tre ( ! /]n ( !    
hull4  ,! boil] is plac$ into position )
 ! /eam hole fac+ ! /]n1 & light$ c&le  
ends are !n plac$ und]nea? ! boil]--z _m
 z possible2 = ! m ! c&les ! great] !   
heat1 & consequ5tly ! great] ! =ce (    
/eam4 ,x w help matt]s along consid]ably
 if ! boil] is fir/ ( all fill$ ) hot   
wat]1 in/ead ( cold2 b be c>eful n to   
scald y\rself 9 do+ ?is4  ,:5 /eam is   
up1 ! boat %\ld travel along at q a     
com=table pace4   ,ap>t f ! mat]ials    
dealt ) !re are num]\s little fragm5ts4 
,a pane ( glass is brok51 = in/ance1 & 9
 mo/ cases all ! pieces are ?r[n away4  
,n[ ?is is q unnecess>y1 = f !m c be    
made "s  ,japanese ,w9d                 
,bells4--,probably mo/ boys & girls h   

he>d or se5 ! jolly little w9d bells :i*
 ! ,japanese p make1 & :i* _m ,engli%   
folk n[ hang 9 _! h\ses4 ,z !y are made 
simply ( slips ( glass & pieces ( wool  
or /r+1 !re is n mu* difficulty 9 _!    
con/ruction2 & !y are wor? all ! tr\ble 
y take1 = _! m]ry little t9kle is a     
pleas+ s\nd4  ,! slips ( glass--!y are  
g5]ally little rectangles1 v>y+ f #a 94 
to #b 94 9 wid?1 & #b 94 to #d 94 9     
l5g?--are susp5d$ s t :5 a g5tle breeze 
di/urbs !m ! corn]s /rike g5tly4 ,to    
secure a prop] susp5sion1 y c ei!r take 
a bo>d1 #f 94 squ>e1 & hang ! /r+s f x1 
or y c make a conical wire frame1 ab\t  
#f 94 across1 & hang ! pieces ( wool 7or
 /r+7 f ! two r+s 7,fig4 #ib74 ,! pieces
 ( glass1 :i* c be ( any %ape & size1   
%\ld be fix$ by means ( seal+ wax4 ,x is
 usual to give ! glass slips a few dabs 
( col\r1 s z to give a bright] effect at
 night4 ,if y c introduce "o or two     
pieces ( col\r$ glass1 ! same effect w  
result4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4      
,o!r brok5 ?+s1 too1 c be turn$ to      

acc\nt4  ,"o su* toy1 made up ( ?+s     
o!rwise q useless1 is  ,a ,musical      
,box4--,?is ent]ta9+ musical toy1       
capable ( produc+ ! mo/ beautiful s\nd  
effects1 c q easily be made ) a few     
brok5 w9e glasses4 ,s long z ! b[l "p ( 
! glass is intact1 x does n matt] to :at
 ext5t ! /em or foot "p has be5 damag$1 
provid$ !re is en\gh ( ! /em rema9+ to  
ins]t 9 a wood5 block4  ,! s\nd effects 
are produc$ by rubb+ ! ball ( ! f+]     
g5tly r\nd ! rim ( ! glass4 ,= ?is !    
f+]-tip mu/ be absolutely clean1        
p>ticul>ly ( any grease1 & mu/ be       
?or\ghly wet4 ,probably = ! fir/ "t or  
two ( rubb+ no?+ w occur4 ,if t is s1   
cont9ue wett+ ! f+]1 & rub x on an      
india-rubb] sponge or a piece ( s(t     
india-rubb]4 ,y w "k at once :5 !       
f+]-tip is 9 ! "r condition1 = x w      
comm5ce to drag on ! rim4 ,ev5tually a  
mo/ beautiful peal+ note w be emitt$1   
:i* note w alt] slightly 9 tone if wat] 
be p\r$ into ! glass4  ,if 9 ?is way y c
 secure eight glasses tun$ exactly to an

 octave1 !n y h ! :]e)al to produce     
tunes4 ,:5 y h obta9$ ! glasses1 !n x is
 q easy to fit !m into a box q close    
toge!r1 leav+ j en\gh room = ! f+]s to  
move r\nd4 ,blocks ( wood mu/ be nail$  
to ! bottom ( ! box1 & holes bor$ 9 ^!  
blocks j exactly l>ge en\gh to admit !  
/em 7see ,fig4 #ic74  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #ic4   ,a ,fleet ( ,nut%ell      
,boats float+ on a b[l ( wat] makes a v 
pretty little picture--nor are ^! little
 crafts at all difficult to make4 ,= !  
hull a nice ev5ly-%ap$ walnut %ell is   
requir$3 ?is %\ld be clean$ out1 trimm$ 
) a %>p knife1 & scrubb$ ) a /iff bru%4 
,= ! ma/ a mat* /ick w suffice4 ,to keep
 ?is 9 position glue two mat* /icks "r  
across ! wide/ "p ( ! hull--"o on ea*   
side ( ! ma/--& !n put a daub ( glue at 
! bottom ( ! hull & o!rs :]e ! cross-b>s
 t\* ! ma/4  ,! sail consi/s m]ely ( a  
piece ( pap] ) two holes ?r\gh :i* ! ma/
 passes4 ,a glance at ,fig4 #id w reveal
 ! me?od ( fitt+ up1 & %[ :at a trim    
little craft c result f su* a simple    

orig94  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4   ,"o 
o!r toy :i* has always be5 des]v$ly     
popul> is  ,! ,jump+ ,frog4--,if y are  
skilful ) y\r pocket knife y c cut out a
 repres5tation ( ! animal f a lump (    
wood1 & pa9t x to make x m reali/ic4    
,if1 h[ev]1 y h n ! requisite skill1 y c
 /ill con/ruct ! toy by us+ a walnut    
%ell 9 place ( ! c>v$ model4 ,9 ei!r    
case ! actual me*anism = jump+ is !     
same4  ,y want a good-siz$ %ell1 or r   
half-%ell1 "s v /rong ?9 tw9e1 & a mat*4
 ,fir/ y mu/ bore two holes 9 ! sides ( 
! %ell1 n too ne> ! edge1 !n tie a loop 
( tw9e r\nd ! holes & ! edge 7,fig4     
#ie74 ,n[ if y put a piece ( mat* /ick  
betwe5 ! /r+s1 & twi/ ! /r+ by turn+ !  
mat* r\nd1 y w complete ! jump+ me*anism
 7,fig4 #if74 ,keep y\r f+] on ! mat* to
 prev5t x fly+ back1 & c>efully turn !  
%ell upside d[n on ! table1 hold+ x all 
! "t4 ,n[ if y press "o f+] on ! side ( 
! %ell s t x slips sudd5ly f "u1 !n y\r 
frog w p]=m an a/\nd+ leap 9 ! air4 ,b1 
9 y\r eag]ness to get a big jump1 d n   

twi/ ! /r+ too tightly1 o!rwise ! holes 
w break out4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4  ,if1 z       
m5tion$ above1 y are skilful en\gh to   
cut out ! frog1 y w ne$ to holl[ out !  
body s t !re w be room = ! turn+ ( !    
mat*4  ,y c also d v mu* ! same ) a     
f[l's wi%bone if y tie a loop ( /r+ r\nd
 ! two prongs & use ! mat* z %[n above4 
,! %ell ( an ord9>y h5's egg does n seem
 to give mu* scope = con/ruction4 ,yet  
mu* c be done ) x4 ,"o ( ! be/ ?+s y c  
make is  ,an ,egg-%ell ,ya*t4--,next "t 
"m is mak+ cakes1 or any?+ :i* ne$s     
eggs1 tell h] y want ! %ell intact1 &   
ask h] to let y bl[ out ! cont5ts4 ,to d
 ?is1 bore a small hole at ea* end1 &   
bl[4 ,( c\rse1 if y h ev] collect$      
birds' eggs1 & are an adept at egg-bl[+1
 y w only ne$ "o hole4  ,/op up ! holes 
) seal+ wax or pla/ic5e4 ,?is complete  
%ell is to =m ! hull ( ! ya*t2 x w be   
necess>y to add a keel1 ma9ma/1 b[sprit1
 c41 to f9i% ! craft4  ,= ! ma9ma/ get a
 v ?9 piece ( wood--a v ?9 piece (      

bamboo or a piece ( split cane w d--&   
pass x c>efully ?r\gh two holes :i* h   
previ\sly be5 bor$ 9 ! opposite sides ( 
! %ell4 ,let x project an in* or two    
bel[ 7,fig4 #ig;a74 ,fix 9 position by  
means ( seal+ wax4 ,9 simil> fa%ion     
arrange a b[sprit4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #ig4  ,z ! hull is v light1 x w be     
necess>y to h a good /eady+ keel4 ,a    
piece ( %eet lead ab\t #b 94 long & #a  
94 wide w d admirably4 ,secure x to !   
%ell & ! project+ piece ( ma9ma/ by     
means ( seal+ wax 7,fig4 #ig;b74  ,n[ if
 ?is floats prop]ly y c proce$ ) !      
rigg+1 :i* may be z simple or z         
elaborate z y please4 ,fa/5 ! sp>s to ! 
ma9ma/ by means ( v ?9 wire4 7,seal+ wax
 w d1 b is n at all reliable = ?is47 ,= 
! sails use t\gh tissue pap]1 glu+ ! ma9
 & top sails 9 position1 & fix+ ! jib & 
=esails by means ( ?reads4  ,! addition 
( a c>dbo>d rudd]--fix$ by wax--w       
complete a trim little craft :i* w sail 
9 approv$ regatta fa%ion1 if x has be5  
prop]ly adju/$ 7,fig4 #ih74             

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4   ,nor mu/    
brok5 egg %ells be despis$4 ,^! c be    
decorat$ ) pa9ts1 & "s v amus+ little   
articles provid$4 ,legs & arms c be     
add$1 fix$ into place ) dabs ( seal+    
wax2 clo!s c be devis$2 & grotesque     
little toys improvis$--toys suitable = !
 decoration ( ! ,*ri/mas tree or sale at
 baza>s1 c4   ,q a numb] ( amus+ little 
toys c be made f ^? cyl9drical c>dbo>d  
cases 9 :i* inc&esc5t mantles are       
usually sold4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! only ?+s    
ne$$ = ! con/ruction are a %>p knife 7"o
 ) a v ?9 blade pref]r$71 a tube ( glue1
 "o or two odd pieces ( c>dbo>d1 & "s   
pa9ts4   ,a ,money ,box1 = in/ance1 is  
always useful1 &1 by ! aid ( ! pa9t box1
 c be made v attractive4  ,take (f ! two
 end cov]s1 & glue "o end ( ! case to a 
circle ( ?ick c>dbo>d1 ab\t #a_/d 94    
l>g] 9 radius ?an ! case4 ,n[ = ! o!r   
end con/ruct a conical top4 ,to d ?is1  
draw out a circle ) a radius ( ab\t     
#a-a_/d 94 & cut out a sector 7see ,fig4
 #i1 p4 #h74 ,! two ends c !n be br\ght 

toge!r & fix$ ) a piece ( glu$ tape1 & !
 :ole ?+ c be glu$ to ! o!r end ( !     
case4  ,be=e ?is is done1 h[ev]1 ! money
 slot %\ld be cut 9 ! side4 ,mu* c be   
done to make ! article attractive by a  
judici\s use ( ! pa9ts4 ,! money slot1 =
 in/ance1 c be reg>d$ z ! m\?1 & a      
grotesque face drawn r\nd x4  ,if y c>e 
to cov] ! conical top ) felt or flannel1
 y c make ! model v funny inde$4 ,9 !   
spr+ y c damp ! felt or flannel1 &      
spread on grass se$s3 ^! w gr[ & give   
y\r grotesque figure a f9e crop ( bright
 gre5 hair 7,fig4 #ii74 ,( c\rse1 if y  
are go+ to damp ! upp] p>ts ( ! model1 y
 mu/ obta9 & use "s sort ( wat]pro(     
glue4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4   ,a   
,p9-hole ,cam]a is ano!r extremely      
simple yet extraord9>ily int]e/+        
contrivance 7,fig4 #ajj74  ,illu/ration3
 ,,fig4 #ajj4  ,= ?is y require two     
mantle cases1 "o j l>ge en\gh to slide  
easily into ! o!r4 ,take ! small] "o1 & 
cov] "o end ) tissue pap]4 ,?is mu/ be  
done neatly & /rongly1 o!rwise1 z ! case

 slides up & d[n 9 ! out] "o1 ! tissue w
 te>4 ,y %\ld draw out on ! tissue a    
circle j z l>ge z ! end ( ! case1 & !n  
all r\nd1 draw & cut little po9t$ tags  
to lap ov] ! edges & /ick d[n 7,fig4    
#aja74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4  ,"o 
end ( ! out] case %\ld be cov]$ ) ?ick  
br[n pap] 9 j ! same way1 & a t9y p9    
hole prick$ exactly 9 ! c5tre ( !       
br[n-pap] end4  ,n[ if a light$ c&le be 
plac$ ne> to ! p9 hole1 & if ! inn] case
 be mov$ to & fro till ! "r spot is     
f\nd1 an exact picture ( ! c&le flame w 
be se5 on ! tissue pap]4   ,a ,doll's   
,easy ,*air4--,ap>t f accurate & c>eful 
cutt+ !re is n v mu* difficulty 9 ?is4  
,take a mantle case & remove ! cov]s4   
,n[ draw a l9e f end to end & use ?is z 
a base l9e1 measur+ ! di/ances to "r &  
left to ! diff]5t po9ts3 ?is w ensure   
accuracy4 ,fig4 #ajb %[s "o design      
suitable = ! purpose2 b y w possibly l  
to make up y\r own4 ,! fitt+ ( ! seat is
 done z foll[s3 ,on a piece ( c>dbo>d   
m>k out a circle hav+ ! same radius z ! 

case1 & ano!r circle ) a radius #a_/h 94
 l>g]4 ,cut ?is out z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ajc4 
,n[ cut a slot a little m ?an half-way  
across ! case f ! front1 at a level     
suitable = ! seat1 & into ?is slide !   
seat4 ,if ! slot has n be5 cut f> en\gh 
across1 g on cutt+ till ! seat fits     
correctly 9 ! case4 ,!n glue x 9        
position4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4  ,all t is n[
 requir$ is a coat ( pa9t1 & any        
ornam5tation y may c>e to add4   ,9     
conclusion we w\ld po9t out once m :at  
we /at$ at ! beg9n+--namely1 t !        
examples giv5 are int5d$ m]ely to sugge/
 ways & means ( mak+ c\ntless o!r       
articles4       ,pr9t$ by ,! ,ed9burgh  
,art ,pr9t+ ,co4 ,ltd4     ,ed9burgh    
99      99      99      99      99      
99     ,transcrib]'s note3              
,illu/rations h be5 mov$ to logical     
locations betwe5 p>agraphs4  ,! foll[+  
suspect$ error 0 *ang$ 9 ! text3 on page
 #fi1 *ang$ some?ng to some?+