,,fir/ ,,& ,,la/ ,,?+s ,a ,,confession ,,( ,,fai? ,,& ,,rule ,,( ,,life ,by ,h4,g4 ,wells ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction4 ,,book #a4 ,,metaphysics4 ,,*apt] #a4a4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,metaphysics4 ,,*apt] #a4b4 ,,! ,,resumption ,,( ,,metaphysical ,,enquiry4 ,,*apt] #a4c4 ,,! ,,_w ,,( ,,fact4 ,,*apt] #a4d4 ,,scepticism ,,( ,,! ,,in/rum5t4 ,,*apt] #a4e4 ,,! ,,classificatory ,,assumption4 ,,*apt] #a4f4 ,,empty ,,t]ms4 ,,*apt] #a4g4 ,,negative ,,t]ms4 ,,*apt] #a4h4 ,,logic ,,/atic ,,& ,,life ,,k9etic4 ,,*apt] #a4i4 ,,planes ,,& ,,dialects ,,( ,,?\ght4 ,,*apt] #a4aj4 ,,practical ,,conclusions ,,f ,,^! ,,consid]ations4 ,,*apt] #a4aa4 ,,beliefs4 ,,*apt] #a4ab4 ,,summ>y4 ,,book #b4 ,,( ,,beliefs4 ,,*apt] #b4a4 ,,my ,,prim>y ,,act ,,( ,,fai?4 ,,*apt] #b4b4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,"n ,,( ,,god4 ,,*apt] #b4c4 ,,free ,,w ,,& ,,pr$e/9ation4 ,,*apt] #b4d4 ,a ,,picture ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,( ,,m54 ,,*apt] #b4e4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,motives ,,! ,,real ,,problem ,,( ,,life4 ,,*apt] #b4f4 ,a ,,review ,,( ,,motives4 ,,*apt] #b4g4 ,,! ,,syn!tic ,,motive4 ,,*apt] #b4h4 ,,! ,,be+ ,,( ,,mank9d4 ,,*apt] #b4i4 ,,individuality ,,an ,,int]lude4 ,,*apt] #b4aj4 ,,! ,,my/ic ,,elem5t4 ,,*apt] #b4aa4 ,,! ,,syn!sis4 ,,*apt] #b4ab4 ,,( ,,p]sonal ,,immortality4 ,,*apt] #b4ac4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4 ,,*apt] #b4ad4 ,,( ,,o!r ,,religions4 ,,*apt] #b4ae4 ,,book #c4 ,,( ,,g5]al ,,conduct4 ,,*apt] #c4a4 ,,conduct ,,foll[s ,,f ,,belief4 ,,*apt] #c4b4 ,,:at ,,is ,,good8 ,,*apt] #c4c4 ,,socialism4 ,,*apt] #c4d4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,=ms ,,( ,,socialism4 ,,*apt] #c4e4 ,,hate ,,& ,,love4 ,,*apt] #c4f4 ,,! ,,prelim9>y ,,social ,,duty4 ,,*apt] #c4g4 ,,wrong ,,ways ,,( ,,liv+4 ,,*apt] #c4h4 ,,social ,,p>asitism ,,& ,,contempor>y ,,inju/ices4 ,,*apt] #c4i4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,! ,,wife ,,& ,,"m4 ,,*apt] #c4aj4 ,,associations4 ,,*apt] #c4aa4 ,,( ,,an ,,organiz$ ,,bro!rhood4 ,,*apt] #c4ab4 ,,conc]n+ ,,new ,,/>ts ,,& ,,new ,,religions4 ,,*apt] #c4ac4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,,*apt] #c4ad4 ,,( ,,secession4 ,,*apt] #c4ae4 ,a ,,dilemma4 ,,*apt] #c4af4 ,a ,,comm5t4 ,,*apt] #c4ag4 ,,w>4 ,,*apt] #c4ah4 ,,w> ,,& ,,competition4 ,,*apt] #c4ai4 ,,mod]n ,,w>4 ,,*apt] #c4bj4 ,,( ,,ab/95ces ,,& ,,discipl9es4 ,,*apt] #c4ba4 ,,on ,,=gett+1 ,,& ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,,pray]1 ,,read+1 ,,discussion ,,& ,,wor%ip4 ,,*apt] #c4bb4 ,,democracy ,,& ,,ari/ocracy4 ,,*apt] #c4bc4 ,,on ,,debts ,,( ,,hon\r4 ,,*apt] #c4bd4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,ju/ice4 ,,*apt] #c4be4 ,,( ,,love ,,& ,,ju/ice4 ,,*apt] #c4bf4 ,,! ,,weakness ,,( ,,immaturity4 ,,*apt] #c4bg4 ,,possibility ,,( ,a ,,new ,,etiquette4 ,,*apt] #c4bh4 ,,sex4 ,,*apt] #c4bi4 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,m>riage4 ,,*apt] #c4cj4 ,,conduct ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,?+ ,,t ,,is4 ,,*apt] #c4ca4 ,,conduct ,,t[>ds ,,transgressors4 ,,book #d4 ,,"s ,,p]sonal ,,?+s4 ,,*apt] #d4a4 ,,p]sonal ,,love ,,& ,,life4 ,,*apt] #d4b4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,love4 ,,*apt] #d4c4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,love4 ,,*apt] #d4d4 ,,love ,,& ,,dea?4 ,,*apt] #d4e4 ,,! ,,consolation ,,( ,,failure4 ,,*apt] #d4f4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,confession4 ,,introduction4 ,rec5tly ,i set myself to put d[n :at ,i believe4 ,i did ?is ) no idea ( mak+ a book1 b at ! sugge/ion ( a fri5d & to int]e/ a numb] ( fri5ds ) :om ,i 0 associat$4 ,we 7 all1 we f\nd1 extremely unc]ta9 9 our outlook ^u life1 ab\t our religi\s feel+s & 9 our ideas ( "r & wrong4 ,& yet we reckon$ ourselves p ( ! educat$ class & "s ( u talk & lecture & write ) consid]able confid5ce4 ,we ?\ght x w\ld be ( v great int]e/ to ourselves & ea* o!r if we made "s sort ( frank mutual confession4 ,we arrang$ to hold a s]ies ( meet+s 9 :i* fir/ "o & !n ano!r expla9$ ! fai?1 s f> z he und]/ood x1 t 0 9 him4 ,we a/oni%$ ourselves & our he>]s by ! irregul> & fragm5t>y nature ( ! cre$s we produc$1 clott$ at "o po9t1 inconsecutive at ano!r1 inconsi/5t & unconv9c+ to a q unexpect$ degree4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to c>icature "o ( ^? meet+s2 ! lectur] fl\nd]+ ab\t ) an air ( exquisite illum9ation1 ! audi5ce att5tive ) an expression ( ?w>t$ edification ^u its v>i\s br[s4 ,= my own "p ,i grew s int]e/$ 9 plann+ my lecture & 9 jo9+ up po9t & po9t1 t my notes soon outran ! possibilities ( ! h\r or s ( meet+ = :i* ,i 0 prep>+ !m4 ,! meet+ got only a few fragm5ts ( :at ,i _h to say1 & made :at x c\ld ( !m4 ,& aft] t 0 ov] ,i let myself loose f limits ( "t & l5g? altoge!r & h exp&$ ^! memor&a into a book4 ,x is z x /&s n[ ! frank confession ( :at "o man ( ! e>ly ,tw5tie? ,c5tury has f\nd 9 life & himself1 a confession j z frank z ! limitations ( 8 "* p]mit2 x is 8 metaphysics1 8 religion1 8 moral /&>ds1 8 unc]ta9ties & ! exp$i5ts ) :i* he has met !m4 ,on e "o ( ^! dep>tm5ts & aspects ,i write--h[ %all ,i put x8--z an amateur4 ,9 e section ( my subject !re are m5 n only ( f> great] intellectual p[] & en]gy ?an ,i1 b :o h devot$ _! :ole lives to ! su/a9$ analysis ( ?is or t among ! que/ions ,i discuss1 & !re is a lit]ature s enorm\s 9 ! aggregate t only a speciali/ s*ol> c\ld hope to "k x4 ,i h n be5 unm9dful ( ^! pr(essors & ?is lit]ature2 ,i h tak5 su* opportunities z ,i h f\nd1 to te/ my propositions by !m4 ,b ,i feel t su* apology z "o makes = amateuri%ness 9 ?is field has a less] quality ( self-condemnation ?an if "o 7 deal+ ) n>r[]1 m def9$ & fact-lad5 matt]s4 ,!re is m excuse = "o "h ?an = ! amateur mak] ( *emical !ories1 or ! man :o evolves a sy/em ( surg]y 9 8 leisure4 ,^! ?+s1 *emi/ry1 surg]y & s =?1 we may take on ! reputation ( an exp]t1 b our own fundam5tal beliefs1 our rules ( conduct1 we mu/ all make = ourselves4 ,we may li/5 & read1 b ! views ( o!rs we _c take on cr$it2 we mu/ re?9k !m & 8make !m our own40 ,& we _c d )\t fundam5tal beliefs1 explicit or implicit4 ,! bulk ( m5 are oblig$ to be amateur philosoph]s1--all m5 inde$ :o are n specializ$ /ud5ts ( philosophical subjects1--ev5 if _! philosophical ent]prise goes no fur!r ?an prompt recognition ( & submission to ,au?ority4 ,& x is n only ! claim ( ! speciali/ t ,i w\ld repudiate4 ,p are too apt to suppose t 9 ord] to discuss morals a man mu/ h exceptional moral gifts4 ,i w\ld dispute t naive supposition4 ,i am an +5u\s enquir] )1 ,i ?9k1 "s capacity = religi\s feel+1 b nei!r a prophet nor a sa9t4 ,on ! :ole ,i %\ld be incl9$ to classify myself z a bad man r ?an a good2 n inde$ z any sort ( picturesque sc\ndrel or non-moral exp]t1 b z a p]son frequ5tly irritable1 ung5]\s & =getful1 & int]mitt5tly & 9 small b def9ite ways bad4 ,"o ?+ ,i claim1 ,i h got my beliefs & !ories out ( my life & n fitt$ !m to its circum/ances4 ,z (t5 z n ,i h le>nt good by ! me?od ( diff]5ce2 by ! ta/e ( ! alt]native4 ,i tell ?is fai? ,i hold z ,i hold x & ,i sket* out ! pr9ciples by :i* ,i am g5]ally try+ to direct my life at ! pres5t "t1 because x int]e/s me to d s & ,i ?9k x may int]e/ a c]ta9 numb] ( simil>ly con/itut$ p4 ,i am n tea*+4 ,h[ f> ,i succe$ or fail 9 t private & p]sonal attempt to behave well1 has no?+ to d ) ! matt] ( ?is book4 ,t is ano!r /ory1 a res]v$ & private affair4 ,i (f] simply intellectual exp]i5ces & ideas4 ,x w be necess>y to take up ! mo/ ab/ract ( ^! que/ions ( belief fir/1 ! metaphysical que/ions4 ,x may be t to _m read]s ! op5+ sections may seem ! drie/ & lea/ attractive4 ,b ,i w\ld ask !m to beg9 at ! beg9n+ & read /raight on1 because mu* t foll[s ?is metaphysical book _c be appreciat$ at its prop] value )\t a grasp ( ^! prelim9>ies4 ,,book ,,! ,,fir/4 -- ,,metaphysics4 #a4a4 ,,! ,,necessity ,,= ,,metaphysics4 ,z a prelim9>y to t exp]im5t 9 mutual confession f :i* ?is book arose1 ,i f\nd x necess>y to consid] & /ate c]ta9 tru?s ab\t ! nature ( k1 ab\t ! mean+ ( tru? & ! value ( words1 t is to say ,i f\nd ,i _h to beg9 by be+ metaphysical4 ,9 writ+ out ^! notes n[ ,i ?9k x is well t ,i %\ld /ate j h[ important ,i ?9k ?is metaphysical prelude is4 ,!re is a popul> prejudice aga9/ metaphysics z some?+ at once difficult & fruitless1 z an idle sy/em ( enquiries remote f any human int]e/4 ,i suppose ?is odd misconception arose f ! vulg> pret5sions ( ! le>n$1 f _! appeal to anci5t names & _! quotations 9 unfamili> tongues1 & f ! easy fall into te*nicality ( m5 /ruggl+ to be explicit :]e a high degree ( explicitness is impossible4 ,b x ne$s erudition & accumulat$ & ali5 lit]ature to make metaphysics obscure1 & "s ( ! mo/ fruitful & able metaphysical discussion 9 ! _w 0 conduct$ by a numb] ( unhamp]$ m5 9 small ,greek cities1 :o knew no language b _! own & _h sc>cely a te*nical t]m4 ,! true metaphysician is aft] all only a p]son :o says1 8,n[ let u take a ?\ght = a mom5t be=e we fall into a discussion ( ! broad que/ions ( life1 le/ we ru% ha/ily into impossible & ne$less conflict4 ,:at is ! exact value ( ^! ?\ghts we are ?9k+ & ^! words we are us+80 ,he wants to take ?\ght ab\t ?\ght4 ,^? o!r ard5t spirits on ! contr>y1 want to plunge into action or controv]sy or belief )\t tak+ ?\ght2 !y feel t !re is n "t to exam9e ?\ght4 8,:ile y ?9k10 !y say1 8! h\se is burn+40 ,!y are ! k9 ( ^? :o ru% & /ruggle & make panics 9 !atre fires4 ,n[ x seems to me t mo/ ( ! tr\bles ( humanity are really misund]/&+s4 ,m5's compositions & *>act]s are1 ,i ?9k1 m simil> ?an _! views1 & if !y _h n ne$lessly diff]5t modes ( expression ^u _m broad issues1 !y w\ld be practically at "o ^u a hundr$ matt]s :]e n[ !y widely diff]4 ,mo/ ( ! great controv]sies ( ! _w1 mo/ ( ! wide religi\s diff]5ces t keep m5 ap>t1 arise f ?is3 f diff]5ces 9 _! way ( ?9k+4 ,m5 imag9e !y /& on ! same gr\nd & mean ! same ?+ by ! same words1 :]eas !y /& on slightly diff]5t gr\nds1 use diff]5t t]ms = ! same ?+ & express ! same ?+ 9 diff]5t words4 ,logoma*ies1 conflicts ab\t words1--into su* dea?-traps ( ef=t ^? ard5t spirits run & p]i%4 ,?is is n[ almo/ a commonplace2 x has be5 said be=e by numb]less p4 ,x has be5 said be=e by numb]less p1 b x seems to me x has be5 realis$ by v few--& until x is realis$ to ! fulle/ ext5t1 we %all cont9ue to live at intellectual cross purposes & wa/e ! =ces ( our species ne$lessly & abundantly4 ,?is p]suasion is a v important ?+ 9 my m9d4 ,i ?9k t ! "t has come :5 ! human m9d mu/ take up metaphysical discussion aga9--:5 x mu/ resume ^? subtle b necess>y & unavoidable problems t x dropp$ unsolv$ at ! close ( ! p]iod ( ,greek fre$om1 :5 x mu/ get to a common & g5]al und]/&+ ^u :at its ideas ( tru?1 good1 & beauty am\nt to1 & ^u ! relation ( ! "n to ! ?+1 & ( ! relation ( "o m9d to ano!r m9d 9 ! matt] ( resemblance & ! matt] ( diff]5ce--^u all ^? issues ! "y sci5ce /ud5t is z apt to dismiss z ,rot1 & ! "y classical /ud5t z ,gas1 & ! au/]e /ud5t ( ! sci5ce ( ,economics z ,!oris+1 unsuitable = 8 me?ods ( rese>*4 ,9 our a*ievem5t ( und]/&+s 9 ! place ( ^! evasions ab\t fundam5tal ?+s lies ! road1 ,i believe1 along :i* ! human m9d c escape1 if ev] x is to escape1 f ! confusion ( purposes t di/racts x at ! pres5t "t4 #a4b4 ,,! ,,resumption ,,( ,,metaphysical ,,enquiry4 ,x seems to me t ! ,greek m9d up to ! disa/] ( ! ,mac$onian ,conque/ 0 elaborately & discursively discuss+ ^! que/ions ( ! =ms & me?ods ( ?\ght & t ! discussion 0 abruptly clos$ & n naturally conclud$1 summ$ up ha/ily z x 71 9 ! c>e] & lectur+s ( ,ari/otle4 ,s9ce !n ! _w nev] effectually reop5$ ^! que/ions until ! mod]n p]iod4 ,x w5t on f ,plato & ,ari/otle j z ! art ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5tury w5t on f ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,effectual criticism 0 absolutely sil5t until ! ,r5aissance1 & !n = a "t 0 b a matt] ( scatt]$ utt]ances hav+ only ! slighte/ collective effect4 ,9 ! pa/ half c5tury !re has begun a m sy/ematic critical movem5t 9 ! g5]al m9d1 a movem5t analog\s to ! ,pre-,raphaelite movem5t 9 art--a ,pre-,ari/otelian movem5t1 a scepticism ab\t ?+s suppos$ to be settl$ = all "t1 a resum$ inquiry into ! fundam5tal laws ( ?\ght1 a h>k+ back to positions ( ! old] philosoph]s & p>ticul>ly to ,h]aclitus1 s f> z ! surviv+ fragm5ts ( 8 tea*+ enable "o to und]/& him1 & a new =w>d movem5t f t recov]$ gr\nd4 #a4c4 ,,! ,,_w ,,( ,,fact4 ,necess>ily :5 "o beg9s an inquiry into ! fundam5tal nature ( oneself & "o's m9d & its processes1 "o is =c$ into autobiography4 ,i beg9 by ask+ h[ ! consci\s m9d ) :i* ,i am prone to id5tify myself1 began4 ,x pres5ts itself to me z a hi/ory ( a p]ception ( ! _w ( facts op5+ out f an accid5tal c5tre at :i* ,i happ5$ to beg94 ,i d n attempt to def9e ?is ^w fact4 ,fact expresses = me some?+ 9 its nature prim>y & unanalyzable4 ,i />t f t4 ,i take z a typical /atem5t ( fact t ,i sit "h at my desk writ+ ) a f\nta9 p5 on a pad ( rul$ scribbl+ pap]1 t ! sunlight falls ^u me & ?r[s ! %ad[ ( my w9d[ mullion across ! page1 t ,pet]1 my cat1 sleeps on ! w9d[-seat close at h& & t ?is agate pap]-weight ) ! silv] top t once 0 ,h5ley's holds my loose memor&a toge!r4 ,outside is a pat* ( lawn & !n a fr+e ( w9t]-bitt5 iris leaves & !n ! sea1 greatly wr9kl$ & a/ir "u ! s\?-we/ w9d4 ,!re is a boat go+ out :i* ,i ?9k may be ,jim ,pa9's1 b ( t ,i _c be sure444 ,^! are /atem5ts ( a c]ta9 quality1 a quality t ext5ds ?r\gh a huge univ]se 9 :i* ,i f9d myself plac$4 ,i try to recall h[ ?is _w ( fact arose 9 my m9d4 ,x began ) a succession ( limit$ imm$iate sc5es & ( c]ta9 m9utely p]ceiv$ p]sons2 ,i recall an und]gr\nd kit*5 ) a draw]$ table1 a w9d[ look+ up at a grat+1 a back y>d 9 :i*1 gr[+ out by a du/b91 0 a grape-v9e2 a r$-pap]$ room ) a bookcase ov] my fa!r's %op1 ! du/y aisles & fixtures1 ! regim5ts ( w9e-glasses & tumbl]s1 ! r[s ( hang+ mugs & jugs1 ! t[]+ edifices ( jam-pots1 ! tea & d9n] & toilet sets 9 t emporium1 its bright] side ( cricket goods1 ( pads & balls & /umps4 ,out ( ! w9d[ "o peep$ at ! m ext]ior _w1 ! ,high ,/reet 9 front1 ! tailor's g>d51 ! but*]'s y>d1 ! *ur*y>d & ,bromley *ur* t[] beh9d2 & "o 0 tak5 ^u exp$itions to fields & op5 places4 ,?is limit$ _w 0 peopl$ ) c]ta9 famili> pres5ces1 "m & fa!r1 two bro!rs1 ! evasive b int]e/+ cat1 & by int]mitt5t p ( a liveli] b m transi5t int]e/1 cu/om]s & call]s4 ,su* 0 my op5+ _w ( fact1 & ea* day x enl>g$ & wid5$ & _h m ?+s add$ to x4 ,i _h soon won my way to spee* & 0 he>+ ( facts beyond my visible _w ( fact4 ,pres5tly ,i 0 at a ,dame's s*ool & le>n+ to read4 ,f ! c5tre ( t little _w z prim>y1 z ! initiatory mat]ial1 my p]ception ( ! _w ( fact wid5$ & wid5$1 by new sights & s\nds1 by read+ & he>+ descriptions & hi/ories1 by guesses & inf]5ces2 my curiosity & int]e/1 my appetite = fact1 grew by :at x f$ ^u1 ,i c>ri$ on my expansion ( ! _w ( fact until x took me ?r\gh ! m9]al & fossil gall]ies ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum1 ?r\gh ! geological draw]s ( ! ,college ( ,sci5ce1 ?r\gh a ye> ( dissection & "s weeks at ! a/ronomical telescope4 ,s ,i built up my conceptions ( a real _w out ( facts obs]v$ & out ( inf]5ces ( a nature ak9 to fact1 ( a _w imm5se & endur+1 rec$+ int]m9ably into space & "t4 ,9 t ,i f\nd myself plac$1 a creature relatively inf9itesimal1 ne$+ & /ruggl+4 ,x 0 cle> to me1 by a hundr$ consid]ations1 t ,i 9 my body ^u ?is planet ,e>?1 0 ! outcome ( c\ntless g5]ations ( conflict & begett+1 ! creature ( natural selection1 ! heir ( good & bad eng5d]$ 9 t /ruggle4 ,s my _w ( fact %ap$ itself4 ,i f9d x altoge!r impossible to "q or d\bt t _w ( fact4 ,p>ticul> facts "o may "q z facts4 ,= in/ance1 ,i ?9k ,i see an unseasonable yell[ wallfl[] f my w9d[s1 b y may dispute t & %[ t x is only a brok5 end ( iris leaf accid5tally lit to yell[4 ,t is m]ely a sub/itution ( fact = fact4 ,"o may d\bt :e!r "o is p]ceiv+ or rememb]+ or tell+ facts cle>ly1 b ! p]suasion t !re are facts1 indep5d5t ( "o's int]pretations & obdurate to "o's w1 rema9s inv9cible4 #a4d4 ,,scepticism ,,( ,,! ,,in/rum5t4 ,at fir/ ,i took ! _w ( fact z be+ exactly z ,i p]ceiv$ x4 ,i believ$ my eyes4 ,see+ 0 believ+1 ,i ?\ght4 ,/ill m did ,i believe my reason+4 ,x 0 only sl[ly t ,i began to suspect t ! _w ( fact c\ld be any?+ diff]5t f ! cle> picture x made ^u my m9d4 ,i realis$ ! inadequacy ( ! s5ses fir/4 ,into t ,i w n ent] "h4 ,any prop] text book ( physiology or psy*ology w supply a numb] ( in/ances ( ! habitual deceptions ( sight & t\* & he>+4 ,i came ^u ^! ?+s 9 my read+1 9 ! laboratory1 ) microscope or telescope1 liv$ ) !m z con/ant difficulties4 ,i w only in/ance "o trifl+ case ( visual deception 9 ord] to lead to my next "q4 ,"o draws two l9es /rictly p>allel2 s 7two horizontal & p>allel l9es47 ,oblique to !m "o draws a s]ies ( l9es2 s 7a s]ies ( p>allel & closely-spac$ l9es drawn ?r\gh ea* horizontal l9e1 "o s]ies 7top7 slop+ to ! "r1 ! o!r 7bottom7 to ! left7 & in/antly ! p>allelism seems to be di/urb$4 ,if ! second figure is pres5t$ to any "o )\t suffici5t sci5ce to und]/& ?is delusion1 ! impression is creat$ t ^! l9es conv]ge to ! "r & div]ge to ! left4 ,! vision is deceiv$ 9 its m5tal factor & judges wrongly ( ! ?+ se54 ,9 ?is case we are able to measure ! di/ance ( ! l9es1 to f9d h[ ! ma9 l9es look$ be=e ! cross ones 7 drawn1 to br+ ! deception up aga9/ fact ( a diff]5t sort & s correct ! mi/ake4 ,if ! ignorant obs]v] 7 unable to d t1 he might rema9 p]man5tly "u ! impression t ! ma9 l9es 7 out ( p>allelism4 ,& all ! infirmities ( eye & e>1 t\* & ta/e1 are discov]$ & *eck$ by ! fact t ! errone\s impressions pres5tly /rike aga9/ fact & discov] an incompatibility ) x4 ,if !y did n we %\ld nev] h discov]$ !m4 ,if on ! o!r h& !y are s incompatible ) fact z to endang] ! lives ( ! be+s lab\r+ "u su* infirmities1 !y w\ld t5d to be elim9at$ f among our defects4 ,! presumption to :i* biological sci5ce br+s "o is t ! s5ses & m9d w "w z well z ! survival ( ! species may require1 b t !y w n "w s v mu* bett]4 ,!re is no gr\nd 9 matt]-(-fact exp]i5ce = assum+ t !re is any m inevitable c]titude ab\t purely intellectual op]ations ?an !re is ab\t s5sory p]ceptions4 ,! m9d ( a man may be prim>ily only a food-seek+1 dang]-avoid+1 mate-f9d+ in/rum5t1 j z ! m9d ( a dog is1 j z ! nose ( a dog is1 or ! sn\t ( a pig4 ,y see ! /rong prep>atory reason !re is 9 ?is view ( life = ent]ta9+ ! suppositions t3-- ,! s5ses seem sur] ?an !y are4 ,! ?9k+ m9d seems cle>] ?an x is & is m positive ?an x ought to be4 ,! _w ( fact is n :at x appe>s to be4 #a4e4 ,,! ,,classificatory ,,assumption4 ,aft] ,i _h /udi$ sci5ce & p>ticul>ly biological sci5ce = "s ye>s1 ,i became a tea*] 9 a s*ool = boys4 ,i f\nd x necess>y to supplem5t my untutor$ conception ( tea*+ me?od by a m sy/ematic k ( its pr9ciples & me?ods1 & ,i took ! c\rses = ! diplomas ( ,lic5tiate & ,fell[ ( ! ,london ,college ( ,preceptors :i* happ5$ to be conv5i5t = me4 ,^! c\rses includ$ "s ( ! m elem5t>y aspects ( psy*ology & logic & set me ?9k+ & read+ fur!r4 ,f ! fir/1 ,logic z x 0 pres5t$ to me impress$ me z a sy/em ( ideas & me?ods remote & seclud$ f ! _w ( fact 9 :i* ,i liv$ & ) :i* ,i _h to deal4 ,z x came to me 9 ! ord9>y textbooks1 x pres5t$ itself z ! sci5ce ( inf]5ce us+ ! syllogism z its pr9cipal in/rum5t4 ,n[ ,i 0 fir/ /ruck by ! fact t :ile my tea*]s 9 ,logic seem$ to be assur+ me ,i always ?\ght 9 ?is =m3-- 8,m is ,p1 ,s is ,m1 ,s is ,p10 ! me?od ( my reason+ 0 almo/ always 9 ?is =m3-- 8,s#a is m or less ,p1 ,s#b is v simil> to ,s#a1 ,s#b is v probably b n c]ta9ly m or less ,p4 ,let u g on t assumption & see h[ x works40 ,t is to say1 ,i 0 con/antly reason+ by analogy & apply+ v]ification4 ,s f> f us+ ! syllogi/ic =m confid5tly1 ,i habitually di/ru/$ x z any?+ m ?an a te/ ( consi/5cy 9 /atem5t4 ,b ,i f\nd ! textbooks ( logic dispos$ to ignore my cu/om>y me?od ( reason+ altoge!r or to recognise x only :]e ,s#a & ,s#b c\ld be lump$ toge!r "u a common "n4 ,!n !y put x some?+ aft] ?is =m z ,induction3-- 8,s#a1 ,s#b1 ,s#c1 & ,s#d are ,p ,s#a ,s#b ,s#c ,s#d 444 are all ,s ,all ,s is ,p40 ,i look$ into ! laws ( ?\ght & into ! po/ulates ^u :i* ! syllogi/ic logic is bas$1 & x sl[ly became cle> to me t f my po9t ( view1 ! po9t ( view ( "o :o seeks tru? & reality1 logic assum$ a belief 9 ! objective reality ( classification ( :i* my /udies 9 biology & m9]alogy _h l>gely disabus$ me4 ,logic1 x seem$ to me1 _h tak5 a common innate error ( ! m9d & _h emphasis$ x 9 ord] to develop a sy/em ( reason+ t %\ld be exact 9 its processes4 ,i turn$ my att5tion to ! exam9ation ( t4 ,= 9 common ) ! g5]al run ( m5 ,i _h suppos$ t logic pr(ess$ to supply a tru/wor?y sci5ce & me?od = ! inve/igation & expression ( reality4 ,a m9d n\ri%$ on anatomical /udy is ( c\rse p]meat$ ) ! sugge/ion ( ! vagu5ess & in/ability ( biological species4 ,a biological species is q obvi\sly a great numb] ( unique individuals :i* is sep>able f o!r biological species only by ! fact t an enorm\s numb] ( o!r l9k+ individuals are inaccessible 9 "t--are 9 o!r words dead & gone--& ea* new individual 9 t species does1 9 ! di/9ction ( its own individuality1 break away 9 h[ev] inf9itesimal degree f ! previ\s av]age prop]ties ( ! species4 ,!re is no prop]ty ( any species1 ev5 ! prop]ties t con/itute ! specific def9ition1 t is n a matt] ( m or less4 ,if1 = example1 z species be di/+ui%$ by a s+le l>ge r$ spot on ! back1 y w f9d if y g ov] a great numb] ( specim5s t r$ spot %r9k+ "h to no?+1 exp&+ !re to a m g5]al r$ness1 weak5+ to p9k1 deep5+ to russet & br[n1 %ad+ into crimson1 & s on & s on4 ,& ?is is true n only ( biological species4 ,x is true ( ! m9]al specim5s con/itut+ a m9]al species1 & ,i rememb] z a con/ant refra9 9 ! lectures ( ,pr(essor ,judd ^u rock classification1 ! words1 8!y pass into "o ano!r by ins5sible gradations40 ,x is true1 ,i hold1 ( all ?+s4 ,y w ?9k p]haps ( atoms ( ! elem5ts z in/ances ( id5tically simil> ?+s1 b ^! are ?+s n ( exp]i5ce b ( !ory1 & !re is n a ph5om5on 9 *emi/ry t is n equally well expla9$ on ! supposition t x is m]ely ! imm5se quantities ( atoms necess>ily tak5 9 any exp]im5t t masks by ! op]ation ( ! law ( av]ages ! fact t ea* atom also has its unique quality1 its special individual diff]5ce4 ,?is ideal ( uniqu5ess 9 all individuals is n only true ( ! classifications ( mat]ial sci5ce2 x is true & /ill m evid5tly true ( ! species ( common ?\ght2 x is true ( common t]ms4 ,take ! ^w 8,*air40 ,:5 "o says *air1 "o ?9ks vaguely ( an av]age *air4 ,b collect individual in/ances2 ?9k ( arm*airs & read+-*airs & d9+-room *airs1 & kit*5 *airs1 *airs t pass into b5*es1 *airs t cross ! b\nd>y & become settees1 d5ti/'s *airs1 ?rones1 op]a /alls1 seats ( all sorts1 ^? miracul\s fungoid gr[?s t cumb] ! floor ( ! ,arts & ,crafts exhibition1 & y w p]ceive :at a lax bundle 9 fact is ?is simple /raight=w>d t]m4 ,9 co-op]ation ) an intellig5t jo9] ,i w\ld und]take to defeat any def9ition ( *air or *airi%ness t y gave me4 ,*airs j z mu* z individual organisms1 j z mu* z m9]al & rock specim5s1 are unique ?+s--if y "k !m well en\gh y w f9d an individual diff]5ce ev5 9 a set ( ma*9e-made *airs--& x is only because we d n possess m9ds ( unlimit$ capacity1 because our bra9 has only a limit$ numb] ( pigeon-holes = our correspond5ce ) an unlimit$ univ]se ( objective uniques1 t we h to delude ourselves into ! belief t !re is a *airi%ness 9 ?is species common to & di/9ctive ( all *airs4 ,classification & numb]1 :i* 9 tru? ignore ! f9e diff]5ces ( objective realities1 h 9 ! pa/ ( human ?\ght be5 impos$ ^u ?+s444 ,greek ?\ght impresses me z be+ ov] mu* obsess$ by an objective treatm5t ( c]ta9 necess>y prelim9>y conditions ( human ?\ght--numb] & def9ition & class & ab/ract =m6 ,b ^! ?+s1--numb]1 def9ition1 class & ab/ract =m1--,i hold1 are m]ely unavoidable conditions ( m5tal activity--regrettable conditions r ?an ess5tial facts4 ,,! ,,=ceps ,,( ,,our ,,m9ds ,,are ,,clumsy ,,=ceps ,,& ,,cru% ,,! ,,tru? ,a ,,little ,,9 ,,tak+ ,,hold ,,( ,,x444 ,let me give y a r\gh figure ( :at ,i am try+ to convey 9 ?is fir/ attack ^u ! philosophical validity ( g5]al t]ms4 ,y h se5 ! result ( ^? v>i\s me?ods ( black & :ite reproduction t involve ! use ( a rectangul> net4 ,y "k ! sort ( process picture ,i mean--x us$ to be employ$ v frequ5tly 9 reproduc+ photographs4 ,at a little di/ance y really seem to h a fai?ful reproduction ( ! orig9al picture1 b :5 y pe] closely y f9d n ! unique =m & masses ( ! orig9al1 b a multitude ( little rectangles1 uni=m 9 %ape & size4 ,! m e>ne/ly y g into ! ?+1 ! closeli] y look1 ! m ! picture is lo/ 9 reticulations4 ,i submit1 ! _w ( reason$ inquiry has a v simil> relation to ! _w ( fact4 ,= ! r\gh purposes ( e day ! network picture w d1 b ! f9] y\r purpose ! less x w s]ve1 & = an ideally f9e purpose1 = absolute & g5]al k t w be z true = a man at a di/ance ) a telescope z = a man ) a microscope1 x w n s]ve at all4 ,x is true y c make y\r net ( logical int]pretation f9] & f9]1 y c f9e y\r classification m & m--up to a c]ta9 limit4 ,b ess5tially y are work+ 9 limits1 & z y come clos]1 z y look at f9] & subtl] ?+s1 z y leave ! practical purpose = :i* ! me?od exi/s1 ! elem5t ( error increases4 ,e species is vague1 e t]m goes cl\dy at its edges2 & s 9 my way ( ?9k+1 rel5tless logic is only ano!r "n = a /upidity--= a sort ( intellectual pighead$ness4 ,if y pu% a philosophical or metaphysical inquiry ?r\gh a s]ies ( valid syllogisms--nev] committ+ any g5]ally recognis$ fallacy--y nev]!less leave beh9d y at ea* /ep a c]ta9 rubb+ & m>g9al loss ( objective tru?1 & y get deflections t are difficult to trace at ea* phase 9 ! process4 ,e species waggles ab\t 9 its def9ition1 e tool is a little loose 9 its h&le1 e scale has its individual error4 ,s long z y are reason+ = practical purposes ab\t f9ite ?+s ( exp]i5ce y c e n[ & !n *eck y\r process & correct y\r adju/m5ts4 ,b n :5 y make :at are call$ philosophical & !ological inquiries1 :5 y turn y\r implem5t t[>ds ! f9al absolute tru? ( ?+s4 ,?is real vagu5ess ( class t]ms is equally true :e!r we consid] ^? t]ms us$ ext5sively or int5sively1 t is to say :e!r 9 relation to all ! memb]s ( ! species or 9 relation to an imag9>y typical specim54 ,! logician beg9s by decl>+ t ,s is ei!r ,p or n ,p4 ,9 ! _w ( fact x is ! r>e/ ?+ to enc\nt] ?is absolute alt]native2 ,s#a is p9k1 b ,s#b is p9k]1 ,s#c is sc>cely p9k at all1 & "o is 9 d\bt :e!r ,s#d is n prop]ly to be call$ sc>let4 ,! f9e/ type specim5 y c f9d simply has ! *>act]i/ic quality a little m r ?an a little less4 ,! neat little circles ! logician uses to convey 8 idea ( ,p or n ,p to ! /ud5t are j pictures ( b\nd>ies 9 8 m9d1 exagg]ations ( a natural m5tal t5d5cy4 ,!y are requir$ = ! purposes ( 8 sci5ce1 b !y are dep>tures f ! nature ( fact4 #a4f4 ,,empty ,,t]ms4 ,classes 9 logic are n only repres5t$ by circles ) a h>d firm outl9e1 :]eas 9 fact !y h no su* def9ite limits1 b also !re is a con/ant disposition to ?9k ( all names z if !y repres5t$ positive classes4 ,) words j z ) numb]s & ab/ract =ms !re h be5 def9ite phases ( human developm5t4 ,!re 0 ) reg>d to numb]1 ! phase :5 man c\ld b>ely c\nt at all1 or c\nt$ 9 p]fect good fai? & sanity ^u 8 f+]s4 ,!n !re 0 ! phase :5 he /ruggl$ ) ! developm5t ( numb]1 :5 he began to elaborate all sorts ( ideas ab\t numb]s1 until at la/ he develop$ complex sup]/itions ab\t p]fect numb]s & imp]fect numb]s1 ab\t ?rees & sev5s & ! l4 ,! same 0 ! case ) ab/ract =ms2 & ev5 to-day we are sc>cely m ?an heads out ( ! va/ subtle muddle ( ?9k+ ab\t sph]es & ideally p]fect =ms & s on1 t 0 ! price ( ?is little necess>y /ep to cle> ?9k+4 ,h[ l>ge a "p num]ical & geometrical magic1 num]ical & geometrical philosophy h play$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! m9d6 ,& ! :ole app>atus ( language & m5tal communication is beset ) l dang]s4 ,! language ( ! savage is ,i suppose purely positive2 ! ?+ has a "n1 ! "n has a ?+4 ,?is inde$ is ! tradition ( language1 & ev5 to-day1 we1 :5 we he> a "n are pr$ispos$--& sometimes x is a v vici\s disposition--to imag9e =?) some?+ answ]+ to ! "n4 ,,we ,,are ,,dispos$1 ,,z ,,an ,,incurable ,,m5tal ,,vice1 ,,to ,,accumulate ,,int5sion ,,9 ,,t]ms4 ,if ,i say to y ,wodget or ,crump1 y f9d y\rself pass+ ov] ! fact t ^! are no?+s1 ^! are1 s to speak m]e blankety blanks1 & try+ to ?9k :at sort ( ?+ a ,wodget or a ,crump may be4 ,y f9d y\rself l$ ins5sibly by subtle associations ( s\nd & ideas to giv+ ^! blank t]ms attributes4 ,n[ ?is is true n only ( q empty t]ms b ( t]ms t c>ry a mean+4 ,x is a m5tal necessity t we %\ld make classes & use g5]al t]ms1 & z soon z we d t we fall into imm$iate dang] ( unju/ifiably increas+ ! int5sion ( ^! t]ms4 ,y w f9d a l>ge proportion ( human prejudice & misund]/&+ arises f ?is univ]sal proclivity4 #a4g4 ,,negative ,,t]ms4 ,!re is a p>ticul> sort ( empty t]ms t has be5 & is conspicu\sly dang]\s to ! ?9k]1 ! class ( negative t]ms4 ,! negative t]m is 9 pla9 fact j no?+2 8,n-,a0 is ! abs5ce ( any trace ( ! quality t con/itutes ,a1 x is ! re/ ( ev]y?+ = ev]4 ,b !re seems to be a real bias 9 ! m9d t[>ds reg>d+ 8,n-,a0 z a ?+ my/]i\sly 9 ! nature ( ,a1 z ?\gh 8,n-,a0 & ,a 7 species ( ! same g5us4 ,:5 "o speaks ( ,n-p9k "o is apt to ?9k ( gre5 ?+s & yell[ ?+s & to ignore ang] or ab/ract n\ns or ! s\nd ( ?und]4 ,& logicians1 foll[+ ! normal bias ( ! m9d1 d actually pres5t ,a & n-,a 9 ?is sort ( diagram3-- 7! lett] ,a inside a circul> b\nd>y1 toge!r ) ! words ,n ,a1 all inside a bigg] circul> b\nd>y47 ignor+ altoge!r ! difficult case ( ! space 9 :i* ^! words are pr9t$4 ,obvi\sly ! diagram t comes ne>] exp]i5c$ fact is3-- 7! ^w ,n1 foll[$ by ! lett] ,a inside a circul> b\nd>y1 foll[$ by ! lett] ,a7 ) no out] b\nd>y4 ,b ! logician f9ds x necess>y = 8 processes to pres5t t out] ,n-,a z b\nd$ 7,vide e4g4 ,kayne's 8,=mal ,logic0 re ,eul]'s diagrams & ,imm$iate ,inf]5ces471 & to speak ( ! total area ( ,a & ,n-,a z ! ,univ]se ( ,disc\rse2 & ! metaphysician & ! commons5se ?9k] alike fall f> too readily into ! belief t ?is conv5tion ( me?od is an adequate repres5tation ( fact4 ,let me try & express h[ 9 my m9d ?is matt] ( negative t]ms has %ap$ itself4 ,i ?9k ( some?+ :i* ,i may p]haps be/ describe z be+ (f ! /age or out ( c\rt1 or z ! ,void )\t ,implications1 or z ,no?+ness1 or z ,out] ,d>kness4 ,?is is a sort ( hypo!tical ,beyond to ! visible _w ( human ?\ght1 & ?i!r ,i ?9k all negative t]ms rea* at la/1 & m]ge & become no?+4 ,:atev] positive class y make1 :atev] b\nd>y y draw1 /raight away f t b\nd>y beg9s ! correspond+ negative class & passes into ! illimitable horizon ( no?+ness4 ,y talk ( p9k ?+s1 y ignore1 z ! arbitr>y po/ulates ( ,logic direct1 ! m elusive %ades ( p9k1 & draw y\r l9e4 ,beyond is ! n-p9k1 kn[n & kn[able1 & /ill 9 ! n-p9k region "o comes to ! ,out] ,d>kness4 ,n blue1 n happy1 n iron1 all ! ,,n classes meet 9 t ,out] ,d>kness4 ,t same ,out] ,d>kness & no?+ness is inf9ite space & inf9ite "t & any be+ ( inf9ite qualities2 & all t region ,i rule out ( c\rt 9 my philosophy altoge!r4 ,i w nei!r affirm nor d5y if ,i c help x ab\t any ,,n ?+s4 ,i w n deal ) n ?+s at all1 except by accid5t & inadv]t5ce4 ,if ,i use ! ^w 8inf9ite0 ,i use x z "o (t5 uses 8c\ntless10 8! c\ntless ho/s ( ! enemy0--or 8immeasurable0--8immeasurable cliffs0--t is to say z ! limit ( measurem5t1 z a conv5i5t equival5t to z _m times ?is clo? y>d z y c1 & z _m aga91 & s on & s on until y & y\r num]ical sy/em are beat5 to a /&/ill4 ,n[ a great numb] ( app>5tly positive t]ms are1 or h become1 practically negative t]ms & are "u ! same ban ) me4 ,a consid]able numb] ( t]ms t h play$ a great "p 9 ! _w ( ?\ght1 seem to me to be invalidat$ by ?is same defect1 to h no cont5t or an undef9$ cont5t or an unju/ifiable cont5t4 ,= example1 t ^w ,omnisci5t1 z imply+ inf9ite k1 impresses me z be+ a ^w ) a delusive air ( be+ solid & full1 :5 x is really holl[ ) no cont5t :atev]4 ,i am p]suad$ t kn[+ is ! relation ( a consci\s be+ to some?+ n itself1 t ! ?+ kn[n is def9$ z a sy/em ( p>ts & aspects & relation%ips1 t k is compreh5sion1 & s t only f9ite ?+s c "k or be kn[n4 ,:5 y talk ( a be+ ( inf9ite ext5sion & inf9ite duration1 omnisci5t & omnipot5t & p]fect1 y seem to me to be talk+ 9 negatives ( no?+ :atev]4 #a4h4 ,,logic ,,/atic ,,& ,,life ,,k9etic4 ,!re is ano!r infirmity ( ! m9d to :i* my att5tion has be5 call$ by an able pap] read ?is spr+ to ! ,cambridge ,moral ,sci5ce ,club by my fri5d ,miss ,amb] ,reeves4 ,9 ?is %e has develop$ a sugge/ion ( ,mr4 ,f4,c4,s4 ,s*ill]'s4 ,! curr5t syllogi/ic logic re/s on ! assumption t ei!r ,a is ,b or x is n ,b4 ,! practical reality1 %e cont5ds1 is t no?+ is p]man5t2 ,a is always becom+ m or less ,b or ceas+ to be m or less ,b4 ,b x w\ld seem ! human m9d _c manage ) t4 ,x has to hold a ?+ /ill = a mom5t be=e x c ?9k x4 ,x arre/s ! pres5t mom5t = its /ruggle z ,jo%ua /opp$ ! sun4 ,x _c contemplate ?+s cont9u\sly1 & s x has to resort to a s]ies ( /atic snap%ots4 ,x has to kill motion 9 ord] to /udy x1 z a naturali/ kills & p9s out a butt]fly 9 ord] to /udy life4 ,y see ! m9d is really pigeon-hol$ & discont9u\s 9 two respects1 9 respect to "t & 9 respect to classification2 :]eas "o has a /rong p]suasion t ! _w ( fact is unb\nd$ or cont9u\s4 #a4i4 ,,planes ,,& ,,dialects ,,( ,,?\ght4 ,f9ally2 ! ,logician1 int5t ^u p]fect+ ! c]titudes ( 8 me?ods r ?an ^u express+ ! confus+ subtleties ( tru?1 has done little to help ?9k+ m5 9 ! p]petual difficulty t arises f ! fact t ! univ]se c be se5 9 _m diff]5t fa%ions & express$ by _m diff]5t sy/ems ( t]ms1 ea* expression )9 its limits true & yet incomm5surable ) expression ^u a diff]+ sy/em4 ,!re is a sort ( /ratification 9 human ideas4 ,i h x v mu* 9 m9d t v>i\s t]ms 9 our reason+ lie1 z x 71 at diff]5t levels & 9 diff]5t planes1 & t we accompli% a l>ge am\nt ( error & confusion by reason+ t]ms toge!r t d n lie or ne>ly lie 9 ! same plane4 ,let me endeav\r to make myself a little less obscure by a flagrant in/ance f physical ?+s4 ,suppose "s "o began to talk s]i\sly ( a man see+ an atom ?r\gh a microscope1 or bett] p]haps ( cutt+ "o 9 half ) a knife4 ,!re are a numb] ( non-analytical p :o w\ld be q prep>$ to believe t an atom c\ld be visible to ! eye or cut 9 ?is mann]4 ,b any "o at all conv]sant ) physical conceptions w\ld almo/ z soon ?9k ( kill+ ! squ>e root ( #b ) a rook rifle z ( cutt+ an atom 9 half ) a knife4 ,"o's conception ( an atom is rea*$ ?r\gh a process ( hypo!sis & analysis1 & 9 ! _w ( atoms !re are no knives & no m5 to cut4 ,if y h ?\ght ) a /rong consi/5t m5tal movem5t1 !n :5 y h ?\ght ( y\r atom "u ! knife blade1 y\r knife blade has itself become a cl\d ( sw++ gr\p$ atoms1 & y\r microscope l5s a little univ]se ( oscillatory & vibratory molecules4 ,if y ?9k ( ! univ]se1 ?9k+ at ! level ( atoms1 !re is nei!r knife to cut1 scale to weigh1 nor eye to see4 ,! univ]se at t plane to :i* ! m9d ( ! molecul> physici/ desc5ds has none ( ! %apes or =ms ( our common life :atev]4 ,?is h& ) :i* ,i write is1 9 ! univ]se ( molecul> physics1 a cl\d ( w>r+ atoms & molecules1 comb9+ & recomb9+1 collid+1 rotat+1 fly+ hi!r & ?i!r 9 ! univ]sal atmosph]e ( e!r4 ,y see1 ,i hope1 :at ,i mean :5 ,i say t ! univ]se ( molecul> physics is at a diff]5t level f ! univ]se ( common exp]i5ce2--:at we call /able & solid is 9 t _w a freely mov+ sy/em ( int]lac+ c5tres ( =ce1 :at we call col\r & s\nd is !re no m ?an ?is l5g? ( vibration ( t4 ,we h rea*$ to a conception ( t univ]se ( molecul> physics by a great ent]prise ( organis$ analysis1 & our univ]se ( daily exp]i5ces /&s 9 relation to t elem5tal _w z if x 7 a syn!sis ( ^? elem5tal ?+s4 ,i w\ld sugge/ to y t ?is is only a v extreme in/ance ( ! g5]al /ate ( affairs1 t !re may be f9] & subtl] diff]5ces ( level betwe5 "o t]m & ano!r1 & t t]ms may v well be ?\ght ( z ly+ obliquely & z be+ twi/$ ?r\gh diff]5t levels4 ,x w p]haps give a cle>] idea ( :at ,i am seek+ to convey if ,i sugge/ a concrete image = ! :ole _w ( a man's ?\ght & k4 ,imag9e a l>ge cle> jelly1 9 :i* at all angles & 9 all /ates ( simplicity or contortion 8 ideas are imb$d$4 ,!y are all valid & possible ideas z !y lie1 none incompatible ) any4 ,if y imag9e ! direction ( up or d[n 9 ?is cle> jelly be+ z x 7 ! direction 9 :i* "o moves by analysis or syn!sis1 if y g d[n = example f matt] to atoms & c5tres ( =ce & up to m5 & /ates & c\ntries--if y w imag9e ! ideas ly+ 9 t mann]--y w get ! beg9n+s ( my int5tion4 ,b our in/rum5t1 our process ( ?9k+1 l a draw+ be=e ! discov]y ( p]spective1 appe>s to h difficulties ) ! ?ird dim5sion1 appe>s capable only ( deal+ ) or reason+ ab\t ideas by project+ !m ^u ! same plane4 ,x w be obvi\s t a great multitude ( ?+s may v well exi/ toge!r 9 a solid jelly1 :i* w\ld be ov]lapp+ & incompatible & mutually de/ructive :5 project$ toge!r ^u "o plane4 ,?r\gh ! bias 9 our in/rum5t to d ?is1 ?r\gh reason+ betwe5 t]ms n 9 ! same plane1 an enorm\s am\nt ( confusion1 p]plexity1 & m5tal deadlock+ occurs4 ,! old !ological deadlock betwe5 pr$e/9ation & free w s]ves admirably z an example ( ! sort ( deadlock ,i mean4 ,take life at ! level ( common s5sation & common exp]i5ce & !re is no m indisputable fact ?an man's fre$om ( w1 unless x is 8 complete moral responsibility4 ,b make only ! lea/ p5etrat+ ( sci5tific analyses & y p]ceive a _w ( inevitable consequ5ces1 a rigid succession ( cause & effect4 ,insi/ ^u a flat agreem5t betwe5 ! two1 & !re y are6 ,! in/rum5t fails4 ,s f> z ?is p>ticul> opposition is conc]n$1 ,i %all po9t out lat] ! reasonabl5ess & conv5i5ce ( reg>d+ ! common-s5se belief 9 free w z tru] = "o's p]sonal life ?an det]m9ism4 #a4aj4 ,,practical ,,conclusions ,,f ,,^! ,,consid]ations4 ,n[ :at is ! practical outcome ( all ^! criticisms ( ! human m9d8 ,does x foll[ t ?\ght is futile & discussion va98 ,by no means4 ,r ^! consid]ations lead u t[>d mutual und]/&+4 ,!y cle> up ! deadlocks t come f ! h>d & fa/ use ( t]ms1 !y e/abli% mutual *>ity z an intellectual necessity4 ,! common way ( spee* & ?\ght :i* ! old sy/em ( logic has simply sy/ematiz$1 is too glib & too presumptu\s ( c]ta9ty4 ,we mu/ ne$s use language1 b we mu/ use x always ) ! ?\ght 9 our m9ds ( its unreal exactness1 its actual habitual deflection f fact4 ,all propositions are approximations to an elusive tru?1 & we employ !m z ! ma!matician /udies ! circle by suppos+ x to be a polygon ( a v great numb] ( sides4 ,we mu/ make use ( t]ms & sometimes ( provisional t]ms4 ,b we mu/ gu>d aga9/ su* t]ms & ! m5tal dang] ( excessive int5sion !y c>ry ) !m4 ,! *ild takes a /ick & says x is a sword & does n =get1 he takes a %ad[ "u ! b$ & says x is a be> & he half =gets4 ,! man takes a set ( emotions & says x is a ,god1 & he gets excit$ & propag&i/ & does =get2 he is involv$ 9 disputes & confusions ) ! old gods ( wood & /one1 & pres5tly he is mak+ 8 ,god a ,great ,:ite ,?rone & fitt+ him up ) a my/ical family4 ,ess5tially we h to tra9 our m9ds to ?9k anew1 if we are to ?9k beyond ! purposes = :i* ! m9d seems to h be5 evolv$4 ,we h to disabuse ourselves f ! sup]/ition ( ! b9d+ nature ( def9itions & ! exactness ( logic4 ,we h to cure ourselves ( ! natural tricks ( common ?\ght & argum5t4 ,y "k ! way ( x1 h[ effective & fooli% x is2 ! quotation ( ! exact /atem5t ( :i* e jot & tittle mu/ be ma9ta9$1 ! *all5ge to be consi/5t1 ! deadlock betwe5 y\r t]ms & m9e4 ,m & m z ,i gr[ old] & m settl$ 9 my views am ,i bor$ by common argum5t1 bor$ n because ,i am ceas+ to be int]e/$ 9 ! ?+s argu$ ab\t1 b because ,i see m & m cle>ly ! futility ( ! me?ods pursu$4 ,h[ !n are we to ?9k & argue & :at tru? may we atta98 ,is n ! me?od ( ! sci5tific inve/igator a valid "o1 & is !re n tru? to ! _w ( fact 9 sci5tific laws8 ,decid$ly !re is4 ,& ! cont9ual revision & te/+ aga9/ fact t ^! laws get is con/antly approximat+ !m m & m ne>ly to a tru/wor?y /atem5t ( fact4 ,nev]!less !y are nev] true 9 t dogmatic degree 9 :i* !y seem true to ! unphilosophical /ud5t ( sci5ce4 ,accept+ z ,i d ! validity ( ne>ly all ! g5]al propositions ( mod]n sci5ce1 ,i h con/antly to be> 9 m9d t ab\t !m too cl+s ! error ( excessive claims to precision4 ,! man tra9$ solely 9 sci5ce falls easily into a sup]/iti\s attitude2 he is ov]done ) classification4 ,he believes 9 ! possibility ( exact k ev]y:]e4 ,:at is n exact he decl>es is n k4 ,he believes 9 speciali/s & exp]ts 9 all fields4 ,i dispute ?is univ]sal range ( possible sci5tific precision4 ,!re is1 ,i allege1 a n too cle>ly recognis$ ord] 9 ! sci5ces :i* =ms ! gi/ ( my case aga9/ ?is sci5tific pret5sion4 ,!re is a gradation 9 ! importance ( ! individual in/ance z "o passes f me*anics & physics & *emi/ry ?r\gh ! biological sci5ces to economics & sociology1 a gradation ^: correlations & implications h n yet receiv$ adequate recognition1 & :i* does pr(\ndly affect ! me?od ( /udy & rese>* 9 ea* sci5ce4 ,let me repeat 9 slightly alt]$ t]ms "s ( ! po9ts rais$ 9 ! prec$+ sections4 ,i h d\bt$ & d5i$ t !re are id5tically simil> objective exp]i5ces2 ,i consid] all objective be+s z individual & unique4 ,x is n[ und]/ood t conceivably only 9 ! subjective _w1 & 9 !ory & ! imag9ation1 d we deal ) id5tically simil> units1 & ) absolutely comm5surable quantities4 ,9 ! real _w x is reasonable to suppose we deal at mo/ ) ,,practically simil> units & ,,practically comm5surable quantities4 ,b !re is a /rong bias1 a sort ( lab\r-sav+ bias1 9 ! normal human m9d1 to ignore ?is1 & n only to speak b to ?9k ( a ?\s& bricks or a ?\s& %eep or a ?\s& ,*9am5 z ?\gh !y 7 all absolutely true to sample4 ,if x is br\ght be=e a ?9k] = a mom5t t 9 any special case ?is is n s1 he slips back to ! old attitude z soon z 8 att5tion is )drawn4 ,?is type ( error has1 = in/ance1 caught _m ( ! race ( *emi/s1 & ,,atoms & ,,ions & s =? ( ! same species are tacitly assum$ to be simil> to "o ano!r4 ,be x not$ t1 s f> z ! practical results ( *emi/ry & physics g1 x sc>cely matt]s :i* assumption we adopt1 ! numb] ( units is s great1 ! individual diff]5ce s dr[n$ & lo/4 ,= purposes ( enquiry & discussion ! incorrect "o is inf9itely m conv5i5t4 ,b ?is ceases to be true directly we em]ge f ! region ( *emi/ry & physics4 ,9 ! biological sci5ces ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 common-s5se /ruggl$ h>d to ignore individuality 9 %ells & plants & animals4 ,!re 0 an attempt to elim9ate ! m conspicu\s dep>tures z abnormalities1 z sports1 nature's weak mom5ts2 & x 0 only ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ,d>w9's great g5]alizations t ! h>d & fa/ classificatory sy/em broke d[n & individuality came to its own4 ,yet !re _h always be5 a cle>ly felt diff]5ce betwe5 ! conclusions ( ! biological sci5ces & ^? deal+ ) lifeless sub/ance1 9 ! relative vagu5ess1 ! insubord9ate loos5ess & inaccuracy ( ! =m]4 ,! naturali/ accumulat$ facts & multipli$ names1 b he did n g triumphantly f g5]alization to g5]alization aft] ! fa%ion ( ! *emi/ or physici/4 ,x is easy to see1 !re=e1 h[ x came ab\t t ! inorganic sci5ces 7 reg>d$ z ! true sci5tific b$-rock4 ,x 0 sc>cely suspect$ t ! biological sci5ces might p]haps aft] all be ,,tru] ?an ! exp]im5tal1 9 spite ( ! diff]5ce 9 practical value 9 fav\r ( ! latt]4 ,x 01 & is by ! great majority ( p to ?is day1 suppos$ to be ! latt] t are inv9cibly true2 & ! =m] are reg>d$ z a m complex set ( problems m]ely1 ) obliquities & refractions t pres5tly w be expla9$ away4 ,comte & ,h]b]t ,sp5c] c]ta9ly seem to me to h tak5 t mu* = grant$4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] no d\bt talk$ ( ! unkn[n & unkn[able1 b n 9 ?is s5se z an elem5t ( inexactness runn+ ?r\gh all ?+s4 ,he ?\ght1 x seems to me1 ( ! unkn[n z ! indef9able ,beyond ( an imm$iate _w t might be q cle>ly & def9itely kn[n4 ,!re is a gr[+ body ( p :i* is beg9n+ to hold ! conv]se view--t c\nt+1 classification1 measurem5t1 ! :ole fabric ( ma!matics1 is subjective & untrue to ! _w ( fact1 & t ! uniqu5ess ( individuals is ! objective tru?4 ,z ! numb] ( units tak5 dim9i%es1 ! am\nt ( v>iety & inexactness ( g5]alization increases1 because individuality tells = m & m4 ,c\ld y take m5 by ! ?\s& billion1 y c\ld g5]alize ab\t !m z y d ab\t atoms2 c\ld y take atoms s+ly1 x may be t y w\ld f9d !m z individual z y\r aunts & c\s9s4 ,t concisely is ! m9ority belief1 & my belief4 ,n[ :at is call$ ! sci5tific me?od 9 ! physical sci5ces re/s ^u ! ignor+ ( individualities2 & l _m ma!matical conv5tions1 its great practical conv5i5ce is no pro( :atev] ( its f9al tru?4 ,let me admit ! enorm\s value1 ! wond] ( its results 9 me*anics1 9 all ! physical sci5ces1 9 *emi/ry1 ev5 9 physiology1--b :at is its value beyond t8 ,is ! sci5tific me?od ( value 9 biology8 ,! great advances made by ,d>w9 & 8 s*ool 9 biology 7 n made1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 by ! sci5tific me?od1 z x is g5]ally conceiv$1 at all4 ,8 0 hi/orical rese>*4 ,he conduct$ rese>* into pre-docum5t>y hi/ory4 ,he collect$ in=mation along ! l9es indicat$ by c]ta9 int]rogations2 & ! bulk ( 8 "w 0 ! dige/+ & critical analysis ( t4 ,= docum5ts & monum5ts he _h fossils & anatomical /ructures & g]m9at+ eggs too innoc5t to lie4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 he _h to correspond ) bre$]s & travell]s ( v>i\s sorts2 classes entirely analog\s1 f ! po9t ( view ( evid5ce1 to ! writ]s ( hi/ory & memoirs4 ,i "q pr(\ndly :e!r ! ^w 8sci5ce10 9 curr5t usage anyh[1 ev] means su* pati5t dis5tanglem5t z ,d>w9 pursu$4 ,x means ! atta9m5t ( some?+ positive & emphatic 9 ! way ( a conclusion1 bas$ on amply repeat$ exp]im5ts capable ( inf9ite repetition1 8prov$10 z !y say1 8up to ! hilt40 ,x w\ld be ( c\rse possible to dispute :e!r ! ^w 8sci5ce0 %\ld convey ?is quality ( c]titude1 b to mo/ p x c]ta9ly does at ! pres5t "t4 ,s f> z ! movem5ts ( comets & electric trams g1 !re is no d\bt practically cock-sure sci5ce2 & ,comte & ,h]b]t ,sp5c] seem to me to h believ$ t cock-sure c\ld be ext5d$ to e conceivable f9ite ?+4 ,! fact t ,h]b]t ,sp5c] call$ a c]ta9 doctr9e ,individualism reflects no?+ on ! non-individualiz+ quality ( 8 prim>y assumptions & ( 8 m5tal texture4 ,he believ$ t individuality 7het]og5eity7 0 & is an evolution>y product f an orig9al homog5eity1 begott5 by fold+ & multiply+ & divid+ & twi/+ x1 & /ill fundam5tally ,,x4 ,x seems to me t ! g5]al usage is entirely = ! limitation ( ! ^w 8sci5ce0 to k & ! se>* aft] k ( a high degree ( precision4 ,& n simply ! g5]al usage2 8,sci5ce is measurem5t10 ,sci5ce is 8organiz$ commons5se10 pr\d 9 fact ( its ess5tial error1 scornful ( any metaphysical analysis ( its t]ms4 ,n[ my cont5tion is t we c arrange ! fields ( human ?\ght & int]e/ ab\t ! _w ( fact 9 a sort ( scale4 ,at "o end ! numb] ( units is inf9ite & ! me?ods exact1 at ! o!r we h ! human subjects 9 :i* !re is no exactitude4 ,! sci5ce ( society /&s at ! extreme end ( ! scale f ! molecul> sci5ces4 ,9 ^! latt] !re is an inf9itude ( units2 9 sociology1 z ,comte p]ceiv$1 !re is only "o unit4 ,x is true t ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 ord] to get classification someh[1 did1 z ,pr(essor ,durkheim has po9t$ out1 sep>ate human society into societies1 & made believe !y compet$ "o ) ano!r & di$ & reproduc$ j l animals1 & t economi/s foll[+ ,li/ h = ! purposes ( fiscal controv]sy discov]$ economic types2 b ?is is a transp>5t device1 & "o is surpris$ to f9d ?\ghtful & reputable writ]s (f _! gu>d aga9/ su* bad analogy4 ,b inde$ x is impossible to isolate complete communities ( m51 or to trace any b rude g5]al resemblances betwe5 gr\p & gr\p4 ,^! alleg$ units h z mu* individuality z pieces ( cl\d2 !y come1 !y g1 !y fuse & sep>ate4 ,& we are =c$ to conclude t n only is ! me?od ( obs]vation1 exp]im5t1 & v]ification left f> away d[n ! scale1 b t ! me?od ( classification "u types1 :i* has s]v$ s useful a purpose 9 ! middle gr\p ( subjects1 ! subjects involv+ num]\s b a f9ite numb] ( units1 has also to be ab&on$ 9 social sci5ce4 ,we _c put ,humanity into a museum or dry x = exam9ation2 our "o s+le /ill liv+ specim5 is all hi/ory1 all an?ropology1 & ! fluctuat+ _w ( m54 ,!re is no satisfactory means ( divid+ x1 & no?+ else 9 ! real _w ) :i* to comp>e x4 ,we h only ! remote/ ideas ( its 8life-cycle0 & a few relics ( its orig9 & dreams ( its de/9y4 ,?is d5ial ( sci5tific precision is true ( all que/ions ( g5]al human relations & attitude4 ,& 9 reg>d to all ^! matt]s affect+ our p]sonal motives1 our self-control & our devotions1 x is mu* tru]4 ,f ?is x is an easy /ep to ! /atem5t t s f> z ! cle>-cut confid5t sort ( k goes1 ! sort ( k "o gets f a "t-table or a text-book ( *emi/ry1 or seeks f a witness 9 a police c\rt1 ,i am1 9 relation to religi\s & moral que/ions an agno/ic4 ,i d n ?9k any g5]al propositions p>tak+ l>gely ( ! nature ( fact c be kn[n ab\t ^! ?+s4 ,!re is no?+ possess+ ! g5]al validity ( fact to be /at$ or kn[n4 #a4aa4 ,,beliefs4 ,yet x is ( urg5t practical necessity t we %\ld h su* propositions & beliefs4 ,all ^? we conjure out ( our m5tal app>atus & ! _w ( fact dissolve & disappe> aga9 "u scrut9y4 ,x is cle> we mu/ resort to "s o!r me?od = ^! necessities4 ,n[ ,i make my beliefs z ,i want !m4 ,i d n attempt to di/il !m out ( fact z physici/s di/il _! laws4 ,i make !m ?us & n ?us exactly z an arti/ makes a picture s & n s4 ,i believe t is h[ we all make our beliefs1 b t _m p d n see ?is cle>ly & confuse _! beliefs ) p]ceiv$ & prov5 fact4 ,i draw my beliefs exactly z an arti/ draws l9es to make a picture1 to express my impression ( ! _w & my purpose4 ,! arti/ _c def5d 8 expression z a sci5tific man def5ds 81 & demon/rate t !y are true ^u any assumptions :atsoev]4 ,any l\d fool may /& 9 front ( a picture & call x inaccurate1 untru/wor?y1 unbeautiful4 ,t la/1 ! mo/ vital issue ( all1 is ! "o lea/ assur$4 ,l\d fools always d d t sort ( ?+4 ,take q ignorant p be=e almo/ any beautiful "w ( art & !y w laugh at x z absurd4 ,if "o sits on a popul> ev5+ 9 t long room at ,s\? ,k5s+ton :i* conta9s ,raphael's c>toons1 "o rem>ks t p]haps a ?ird ( ^? :o /ray ?r\gh & look at all ^? f9e ef=ts1 titt]4 ,if "o se>*es 9 ! magaz9es ( a little :ile ago1 "o f9ds 9 ! angry & res5tful reception ( ! ,pre-,raphaelites ano!r in/ance ( ! absolutely indef5sible nature ( _m ( ! mo/ beautiful propositions4 ,& z a /ill m /rik+ & rem>kable case1 take ! onslaught made by ,rusk9 ^u ! works ( ,:i/l]4 ,y w rememb] t a libel action ensu$ & t ^! pictures 7 gravely reason$ ab\t by b>ri/]s & survey$ by jurym5 to assess _! m]its444 ,9 ! end x is ! indef5sible tru? t la/s2 x la/s because x works & s]ves4 ,p come to x & rema9 & attract o!r und]/&+ & enquir+ p4 ,n[ :5 ,i say ,i make my beliefs & t ,i _c prove !m to y & conv9ce y ( !m1 t does n mean t ,i make !m wantonly & reg>dless ( fact1 t ,i ?r[ !m (f z a *ild scribbles on a slate4 ,mr4 ,rusk91 if ,i rememb] rightly1 accus$ ,:i/l] ( ?r[+ a pot ( pa9t 9 ! face ( ! public1--t 0 ! ess5ce ( 8 libel4 ,! arti/ic me?od 9 ?is field ( beliefs1 z 9 ! field ( visual r5d]+s1 is "o ( great fre$om & initiative & great pov]ty ( te/1 b ( no wantonness2 ! conditions ( rightness are none ! less imp]ative because !y are my/]i\s & indef9able4 ,i adopt c]ta9 beliefs because ,i feel ! ne$ = !m1 because ,i feel an (t5 q unanalyzable rightness 9 !m2 because ! alt]native ( a *aotic life di/resses me4 ,my belief 9 !m re/s ^u ! fact t !y ,,"w = me & satisfy my desire = h>mony & beauty4 ,!y are arbitr>y assumptions1 if y w1 t ,i see fit to impose ^u my univ]se4 ,b ?\gh !y are arbitr>y1 !y are n necess>ily individual4 ,j s f> z we all h a common lik5ess1 j s f> c we be br\ght "u ! same imp]atives to ?9k & believe4 ,& ?\gh !y are arbitr>y1 ea* day !y /& we> & te>1 & ea* new p]son !y satisfy1 is ano!r day & ano!r voice t[>ds %[+ !y d correspond to some?+ t is s f> fact & real4 ,?is is ,pragmatism z ,i conceive x2 ! ab&onm5t ( inf9ite assumptions1 ! ext5sion ( ! exp]im5tal _s to all human int]e/s4 #a4ab4 ,,summ>y4 ,9 conclud+ ?is fir/ ,book let me give a summ>y ( ! pr9cipal po9ts ( :at has gone be=e4 ,i figure ! m9d ( man z an imp]fect be+ obta9+ k by imp]fect eyesight1 imp]fect he>+ & s =?2 :o mu/ ne$s walk manfully & pati5tly1 ex]cis+ w & mak+ *oices & det]m9+ ?+s betwe5 ! my/]ies ( ext]nal & int]nal fact4 ,ess5tially man's m9d moves )9 limits dep5d+ ^u 8 individual "* & exp]i5ce4 ,^! limits con/itute :at ,h]b>t call$ 8 8circle ( ?\ght10 & !y diff] = ev]yone4 ,t briefly is :at ,i consid] to be ! case ) my own m9d1 & ,i believe x is ! case ) ev]yone's4 ,mo/ m9ds1 x seems to me1 are simil>1 b none are absolutely alike 9 "* or 9 cont5ts4 ,we are all biass$ to ignore our m5tal imp]fections & to talk & act z ?\gh our m9ds 7 exact in/rum5ts1--some?+ :]e) to scale ! heav5s ) assurance1--& also we are biass$ to believe t1 except = p]v]sity1 all our m9ds "w exactly alike4 ,man1 ?9k+ man1 suff]s f intellectual ov]-confid5ce & a va9 belief 9 ! univ]sal validity ( reason+4 ,we all ne$ tra9+1 tra9+ 9 ! balanc$ attitude4 ,( ev]y?+ we ne$ to say3 ?is is true b x is n q true4 ,( ev]y?+ we ne$ to say3 ?is is true 9 relation to ?+s 9 or ne> its plane1 b n true ( o!r ?+s4 ,( ev]y?+ we h to rememb]3 ?is may be tru] = u ?an = o!r p4 ,9 disputation p>ticul>ly we h to rememb] ?is 7& mo/ ) our antagoni/73 t ! _s ( an utt]ance may be bett] ?an ! phrase4 ,we h to disc\rage ! *eap tricks ( controv]sy1 ! retort1 ! se>* = inconsi/5cy4 ,we h to realize t ^! ?+s are z fooli% & ill-br$ & anti-social z %\t+ 9 conv]sation or mak+ puns2 & we h to "w out habits ( ?\ght purg$ f ! s9 ( assurance4 ,we h to d ?is = our own good q z mu* z = ! sake ( int]c\rse4 ,all ! great & important beliefs by :i* life is guid$ & det]m9$ are less ( ! nature ( fact ?an ( arti/ic expression4 ,,book ,,! ,,second -- ,,( ,,beliefs #b4a4 ,,my ,,prim>y ,,act ,,( ,,fai?4 ,& n[ hav+ /at$ my conception ( ! true relation%ip betwe5 our ?\ghts & words to facts1 hav+ di/+ui%$ betwe5 ! m accurate & frequ5tly v]ifi$ propositions ( sci5ce & ! m arbitr>y & infrequ5tly v]ifi$ propositions ( belief1 & made cle> ! spontane\s & arti/ic quality t inh]es 9 all our moral & religi\s g5]alizations1 ,i may hope to g on to my confession ( fai? ) less misund]/&+4 ,n[ my mo/ compreh5sive belief ab\t ! ext]nal & ! int]nal & myself is t !y make "o univ]se 9 :i* ,i & e "p are ultimately important4 ,t is q an arbitr>y act ( my m9d4 ,x is q possible to ma9ta9 t ev]y?+ is a *aotic assembly1 t any "p might be de/roy$ )\t affect+ any o!r "p4 ,i d n *oose to argue aga9/ t4 ,if y *oose to say t1 ,i am no m dispos$ to argue ) y ?an if y *oose to we> a mitre 9 ,fleet ,/reet or dr9k a bottle ( ink1 or decl>e ! figure ( ,ally ,slop] m dignifi$ & beautiful ?an ! head ( ,jove4 ,!re is no ,q4,e4,d4 t y _c d s4 ,y c4 ,y w n l to g on ) x1 ,i ?9k1 & x w n answ]1 b t is a diff]5t matt]4 ,i dismiss ! idea t life is *aotic because x leaves my life ineffectual1 & ,i _c contemplate an ineffectual life pati5tly4 ,i am by my nature impell$ to refuse t4 ,i ass]t t x is n s4 ,i ass]t !re=e t ,i am important 9 a s*eme1 t we are all important 9 t s*eme1 t ! :eel-sma%$ frog 9 ! road & ! fly dr[n+ 9 ! milk are important & correlat$ ) me4 ,:at ! s*eme z a :ole is ,i d n "k2 ) my limit$ m9d ,i _c "k4 ,!re ,i become a ,my/ic4 ,i use ! ^w s*eme because x is ! be/ ^w available1 b ,i /ra9 x 9 us+ x4 ,i d n wi% to imply a s*em]1 b only ord] & co-ord9ation z di/+ui%$ f haphaz>d4 8,all ?is is important1 all ?is is pr(\ndly significant40 ,i say x ( ! univ]se z a *ild t has n le>nt to read might say x ( a p>*m5t agreem5t4 ,i _c read ! univ]se1 b ,i c believe t ?is is s4 ,& ?is unf\nd$ & arbitr>y decl>ation ( ! ultimate rightness & significance ( ?+s ,i call ! ,act ( ,fai?4 ,x is my fundam5tal religi\s confession4 ,x is a volunt>y & delib]ate det]m9ation to believe1 a *oice made4 #b4b4 ,,on ,,us+ ,,! ,,"n ,,( ,,god4 ,y may say if y w t ?is s*eme ,i talk ab\t1 ?is some?+ t gives importance & correlation & significance1 is :at is meant by ,god4 ,y may emb>k ^u a logical wrangle "h ) me if y h fail$ to ma/] :at ,i h hi!rto said ab\t ! mean+ ( words4 ,if a ,s*eme1 y w say1 !n !re mu/ be a ,s*em]4 ,b1 ,i repeat1 ,i am us+ s*eme & importance & significance "h only 9 a _s ( analogy because ,i c f9d no bett] words1 & ,i w n all[ myself to be entangl$ by an insi/5ce ^u _! implications4 ,yet let me confess t ,i am greatly attract$ by su* f9e phrases z ! ,w ( ,god1 ! ,h& ( ,god1 ! ,great ,comm&]4 ,^! d mo/ wond]fully express aspects ( ?is belief ,i *oose to hold4 ,i ?9k if !re _h be5 no gods be=e1 ,i w\ld call ?is ,god4 ,b ,i feel t !re is a great dang] 9 do+ ?is sort ( ?+ ungu>d$ly4 ,_m p w\ld be glad = r trivial & unwor?y reasons t ,i %\ld confess a fai? 9 ,god1 & few w\ld take (f5ce4 ,b ! run ( p ev5 n[adays mean some?+ m & some?+ diff]5t :5 !y say 8,god40 ,!y int5d a p]sonality ext]ior to !m & limit$1 & !y w in/antly conclude ,i mean ! same ?+4 ,to p]mit t misconception is1 ,i feel1 ! fir/ /ep on ! slipp]y slope ( m]etrici\s complaisance1 is to become 9 "s small measure a successor ( ^? :o cri$1 8,great is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians40 ,occasionally we may be/ s]ve ! ,god ( ,tru? by d5y+ him4 ,yet at times ,i admit ! s5se ( p]sonality 9 ! univ]se is v /rong4 ,if ,i am confess+1 ,i d n see :y ,i %\ld n confess up to ! hilt4 ,at times 9 ! sil5ce ( ! night & 9 r>e lonely mom5ts1 ,i come ^u a sort ( communion ( myself & some?+ great t is n myself4 ,x is p]haps pov]ty ( m9d & language obliges me to say t !n ?is univ]sal s*eme takes on ! effect ( a sympa!tic p]son--& my communion a quality ( fe>less wor%ip4 ,^! mom5ts happ51 & !y are ! supreme fact 9 my religi\s life to me1 !y are ! cr[n ( my religi\s exp]i5ces4 ,none ! less1 ,i d n usually speak ( ,god ev5 9 reg>d to ^! mom5ts1 & :]e ,i d use t ^w x mu/ be und]/ood t ,i use x z a p]sonification ( some?+ entirely diff]5t 9 nature f ! p]sonality ( a human be+4 #b4c4 ,,free ,,w ,,& ,,pr$e/9ation4 ,& n[ let me return to a po9t rais$ 9 ! fir/ ,book 9 ,*apt] #a4i4 ,is ! :ole ( ?is s*eme ( ?+s settl$ & done8 ,! :ole tr5d ( ,sci5ce is to t belief4 ,on ! sci5tific plane "o is a fatali/1 ! univ]se a sy/em ( inevitable consequ5ces4 ,b z ,i %[ 9 t section ref]r$ to1 x is q possible to accept z true 9 _! sev]al planes bo? pr$e/9ation & free w4 7,i use free w 9 ! s5se ( self-det]m9isn & n z x is def9$ by ,pr(essor ,william ,james1 & pr$e/9ation z equival5t to ! conception ( a univ]se rigid 9 "t & space47 ,if y ask me1 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld say ,i incl9e to believe 9 pr$e/9ation & d q completely believe 9 free w4 ,! important belief is free w4 ,b does ! :ole univ]se ( fact1 ! ext]nal _w ab\t me1 ! my/]i\s int]nal _w f :i* my motives rise1 =m "o rigid & fat$ sy/em z det]m9i/s tea*8 ,d ,i believe t1 _h "o a m9d ideally cle> & p[]ful1 ! :ole univ]se w\ld seem ord]ly & absolutely pr$e/9$8 ,i incl9e to t belief4 ,i d n h>%ly believe x1 b ,i admit its l>ge plausibility--t is all4 ,i see no value :atev] 9 jump+ to a decision4 ,"o or two ,pragmati/s1 s f> z ,i c und]/& !m1 d n hold ?is view ( pr$e/9ation at all2 b z a provisional assumption x und]lies mo/ sci5tific "w4 ,i glance at ?is "q r to express a deta*m5t ?an a view4 ,= me z a p]son ?is !ory ( pr$e/9ation has no practical value4 ,at ! utmo/ x is an int]e/+ !ory l ! !ory t !re is a f\r? dim5sion4 ,!re may be a f\r? dim5sion ( space1 b "o gets along q well by assum+ !re are j ?ree4 ,x may be kn[able ! next "t ,i come to cross roads :i* ,i %all take4 ,possibly t k actually exi/s some:]e4 ,!re are ^? :o w tell y t !y c get intimations 9 ! matt] f packs ( c>ds or ! palms ( my h&s1 or see by pe]+ into cry/als4 ,( su* beliefs ,i am entirely free4 ,! fact is ,i believe t nei!r ,i "k nor anybody else :o is practically conc]n$ kn[s :i* ,i %all take4 ,i hesitate1 ,i *oose j z ?\gh ! ?+ 0 unkn[able4 ,= me & my conduct !re is t mu* wide practical m>g9 ( fre$om4 ,i am free & freely & responsibly mak+ ! future--s f> z ,i am conc]n$4 ,y o!rs are equally free4 ,on t !ory ,i f9d my life w "w1 & on a !ory ( me*anical pr$e/9ation no?+ works4 ,i take ! =m] !ory !re=e = my ev]yday purposes1 & z a matt] ( fact s does ev]ybody else4 ,i reg>d myself z a free responsible p]son among free responsible p]sons4 #b4d4 ,a ,,picture ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,( ,,m54 ,n[ ,i h already giv5 a fir/ picture ( ! _w ( fact z x %ap$ itself ^u my m9d4 ,let me n[ give a second picture ( ?is _w 9 :i* ,i f9d myself1 a picture 9 a r diff]5t key & at a diff]5t level1 9 :i* ,i turn to a new set ( aspects & br+ into ! =egr\nd ! o!r m9ds :i* are ) me 9 ! mid/ ( ?is great spectacle4 ,:at am ,i8 ,"h is a "q to :i* 9 all ages m5 h s\ght to give a cle> unambigu\s answ]1 & to :i* a cle> unambigu\s answ] is manife/ly unfitt$4 ,am ,i my body8 ,yes or no8 ,x seems to me t ,i c ext]nalize & ?9k ( z 8n myself0 ne>ly ev]y?+ t p]ta9s to my body1 h&s & feet1 & ev5 ! mo/ secret & c5tral ( ^? liv+ & hidd5 p>ts1 ! puls+ art]ies1 ! ?robb+ n]ves1 ! ganglionic c5tres1 t no eye1 save = ! surgeon's knife has ev] se5 or ev] w see until !y coagulate 9 decay4 ,s f> ,i am n my body2 & !n z cle>ly1 s9ce ,i suff] ?r\gh x1 see ! :ole _w ?r\gh x & am always to be call$ ^u :]e x is1 ,i am x4 ,am ,i a m9d my/]i\sly l9k$ to ?is ?+ ( matt] & endeav\r8 ,s ,i c pres5t myself4 ,i seem to be a consci\sness1 vague & insecure1 plac$ betwe5 two worlds4 ,"o ( ^! worlds seems cle>ly 8n me10 ! o!r is m closely id5tifi$ ) me & yet is /ill imp]fectly me4 ,! fir/ ,i call ! ext]ior _w1 & x pres5ts itself to me z exi/+ 9 ,"t & ,space4 ,9 a c]ta9 way ,i seem able to int]f]e ) x & control x4 ,! second is ! int]ior _w1 hav+ no =ms 9 space & only a vague evasive ref]5ce to "t1 f :i* motives arise & /orms ( emotion1 :i* acts & reacts con/antly & 9 untraceable way ) my consci\s m9d4 ,& t consci\sness itself hangs & drifts ab\t ! region :]e ! inn] _w & ! out] _w meet1 mu* z a pat* ( limelight drifts ab\t ! /age1 illum9at+1 affect+1 foll[+ no manife/ law except t usually x c5tres ^u ! h]o1 my ,ego4 ,x seems to me t to put ! ?+ mu* m precisely ?an ?is is to dep>t f ! reality ( ! matt]4 ,b s dep>t+ a little1 let me borr[ a phrase f ,h]b>t & id5tify myself m p>ticul>ly ) my m5tal self4 ,x seems to me t ,i may speak ( myself z a circle ( ?\ght & exp]i5ce hung betwe5 ^! two imp]fectly und]/ood worlds ( ! int]nal & ! ext]nal & pass+ imp]ceptibly into ! =m]4 ,! ext]nal _w impresses me z be+1 z a practical fact1 common to me & _m o!r creatures simil> to myself2 ! int]nal1 ,i f9d simil> b n id5tical ) !irs4 ,x is ,,m9e4 ,x seems to me at times no m ?an some?+ cut (f f t ext]nal _w & put into a sort ( pit or cave1 mu* z all ! inn] my/]y ( my body1 ^? liv+1 wri?+1 w>m & ?rill+ organs are isolat$1 hidd5 f all eyes & int]f]5ce s long z ,i rema9 alive4 ,& ,i myself1 ! ess5tial me1 am ! light & wat*] 9 ! m\? ( ! cave4 ,s ,i ?9k ( myself1 & s ,i ?9k ( all o!r human be+s1 z circles ( ?\ght & exp]i5ce1 ea* a little diff]5t f ! o!rs4 ,ea* human be+ ,i see z ess5tially a circle ( ?\ght betwe5 an int]nal & an ext]nal _w4 ,i figure ^! circles ( ?\ght z m or less imp]fectly focuss$ pictures1 all a little askew & vague z to m>g9s & di/ances4 ,9 ! int]nal _w arise motives1 & !y pass outw>d ?r\gh ! circle ( ?\ght & are modifi$ & direct$ by x into ext]nal acts4 ,& ?r\gh spee*1 example1 & a hundr$ v>i\s acts1 "o su* circle1 "o human m9d1 lights & enl>ges & plays ^u ano!r4 ,t is ! image "u :i* ! int]relation ( m9ds pres5ts itself to me4 #b4e4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,motives ,,! ,,real ,,problem ,,( ,,life4 ,n[ ea* self among u1 = all its fluctuations & vagu5ess ( b\nd>y1 is1 z ,i h already po9t$ out1 inv9cibly p]suad$ ( ,free ,w4 ,t is to say1 x has a p]suasion ( responsible control ov] ! impulses t teem f ! int]nal _w & t5d to express !mselves 9 act4 ,! problem ( t control & its solution is ! reality ( life4 8,:at am ,i to d80 is ! p]petual "q ( our exi/5ce4 ,our metaphysics1 our beliefs are all s\ght z subsidi>y to t & h no significance )\t x4 ,i confess ,i f9d myself a confusion ( motives beside :i* my confusion ( p]ceptions pales into insignificance4 ,!re are _m v>i\s motives & motives v v>i\sly e/imat$--"s are call$ gross1 "s sublime1 "s--su* z pride--wick$4 ,i d n readily accept ^! classifications4 ,_m p seem to make a selection among _! motives )\t mu* enquiry1 tak+ ^? classifications z j2 !y seek to lead :at !y call pure lives or useful lives & to set aside :ole sets ( motives :i* d n accord ) ?is det]m9ation4 ,"s exclude ! seek+ ( pleasure z a p]missible motive1 "s ! love ( beauty2 "s insi/ ^u "o's 8be+ oneself0 & prohibit or limit responses to ext]ior op9ions4 ,mo/ ( su* selections /rike me z wanton & ha/y4 ,i decl9e to dismiss any ( my motives at all 9 t :olesale way4 ,j z ,i believe ,i am important 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s1 s ,i believe are all my motives4 ,turn+ "o's back on any set ( !m seems to me to sav\r ( ! headlong actions ( /upidity4 ,to suppress a passion or a curiosity = ! sake ( suppress+ a passion is to my m9d j ! burial ( a tal5t t has be5 entru/$ to "o's c>e4 ,"o has1 ,i feel1 to take all ^! ?+s z weapons & in/rum5ts1 mat]ial 9 ! s]vice ( ! s*eme2 "o has to take !m 9 ! end gravely & d "r among !m unbiass$ 9 fav\r ( any set4 ,to take "s poor appetite & fl+ x out is to my m9d a *eap & unsatisfactory way ( simplify+ "o's moral problems4 ,"o has to accept ^! ?+s 9 oneself1 ,i feel--ev5 if "o kn[s !m to be dang]\s ?+s1 ev5 if "o is sure !y h an evil side4 ,let me1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to express my attitude bett]1 make a r\gh gr\p+ ( ! motives ,i f9d 9 myself & ! p ab\t me4 #b4f4 ,a ,,review ,,( ,,motives4 ,i _c divide !m into cle>ly def9$ classes1 b ,i may p]haps beg9 ) ^? t br+ "o into ! wide/ sympa?y ) liv+ ?+s & g on to ^? "o %>es only ) highly intellig5t & complex human be+s4 ,!re come fir/ ! desires "o %>es ) ^? m limit$ s\ls ! bea/s1 j z mu* z "o does ) "o's fell[ man4 ,^! are ! bodily appetites & ! crude emotions ( fe> & res5tm5t4 ,^! fir/ clam\r = att5tion & mu/ be assuag$ or controll$ be=e ! o!r sets come into play4 ,n[ 9 ?is matt] ( physical appetites ,i d n "k :e!r to describe myself z a s5suali/ or an ascetic4 ,if an ascetic is "o :o suppresses to a m9imum all def]5ce to ^! impulses1 !n c]ta9ly ,i am n an ascetic2 if a s5suali/ is "o :o gives himself to he$less gratification1 !n c]ta9ly ,i am n a s5suali/4 ,b ,i f9d myself balanc$ 9 an int]m$iate position by some?+ t ,i w speak ( z ! s5se ( ,beauty4 ,?is s5se ( ,beauty is some?+ 9 me :i* dem&s n simply gratification b ! be/ & ke5e/ ( a s5se or cont9uance ( s5se impressions1 & :i* refuses co>se quantitative assuagem5ts4 ,x ranges all ov] ! s5ses1 & j z ,i refuse to :olly cut (f any ( my motives1 s d ,i refuse to limit its use to ! plane ( ! eye or ! e>4 ,x seems to me entirely j to speak ( beauty 9 matt]s ( sc5t & ta/e1 to talk n only ( beautiful skies & beautiful s\nds b ( beautiful be] & beautiful *eese6 ,! balance z betwe5 asceticism & s5suality comes 91 x seems to me1 if we rememb] t to dr9k well "o mu/ n h drunk5 = "s "t1 t to see well "o's eye mu/ be cle>1 t to make love well "o mu/ be fit & graci\s & sweet & discipl9$ f top to toe1 t ! f9e/ s5se ( all--! joy\s s5se ( bodily well-be+--comes only ) ex]cises & re/ra9ts & f9e liv+4 ,!re ,i ?9k lies ! way ( my disposition4 ,i d n want to live 9 ! s5sual /y1 b ,i also d n want to scrat* 9 ! tub ( ,diog5es4 ,b ,i div]ge a little 9 ^! comm5ts f my pres5t bus9ess ( classify+ motives4 ,next ,i p]ceive hyp]trophi$ 9 myself & _m sympa!tic human be+s a passion t _m animals c]ta9ly possess1 ! beautiful & fe>less c\s9 ( fe>1 ,curiosity1 t seeks ke5ly = kn[+ & feel+4 ,ap>t f appetites & bodily desires & bl9d impulses1 ,i want mo/ urg5tly to "k & feel1 = ! sake ( kn[+ & feel+4 ,i want to g r\nd corn]s & see :at is !re1 to cross m\nta9 ranges1 to op5 boxes & p>cels4 ,"y animals at lea/ h t disposition too4 ,= me x is some?+ t m+les ) all my desires4 ,mu* m to me ?an ! desire to live is ! desire to ta/e life4 ,i am n happy until ,i h done & felt ?+s4 ,i want to get z ne> z ,i c to ! ?rill ( a dog go+ into a fight or ! delight ( a bird 9 ! air4 ,& n simply 9 ! h]oic field ( w> & ! air d ,i want to und]/&4 ,i want to "k some?+ ( ! jolly :olesome satisfaction t a hungry pig mu/ f9d 9 its wa%4 ,i want to get ! qu9tess5ce ( t4 ,i d n ?9k t 9 ?is ,i confess to any unusual temp]am5t4 ,i ?9k t ! m closely m5tally animat$ p scrut9ize _! motives ! less is ! importance !y w atta* to m]e physical & brute urg5cies & ! m to curiosity4 ,next aft] curiosity come ^? desires & motives t "o %>es p]haps ) "s social bea/s1 b f> m s z a consci\s ?+ ) m5 alone4 ,^! desires & motives all c5tre on a cle>ly appreh5d$ 8self0 9 relation to 8o!rs02 !y are ! ess5tially egoti/ical gr\p4 ,!y are self-ass]tion 9 all its =ms4 ,i h dealt ) motives t[>d gratification & motives t[>ds exp]i5ce2 ?is set ( motives is = ! sake ( oneself4 ,s9ce !y are ! mo/ acutely consci\s motives 9 un?9k+ m51 !re is a t5d5cy on ! "p ( un?9k+ philosoph]s to speak ( !m z ?\gh vanity1 self-seek+1 self-int]e/ 7 ! only motives4 ,b "o has b to reflect on :at has gone be=e to realize t ?is is n s4 ,"o f9ds ^! 8self0 motives v>y ) ! m5tal p[] & tra9+ ( ! individual2 "h !y are fragm5t>y & discursive1 !re drawn tight toge!r into a coh]5t s*eme4 ,:]e !y are weak !y m+le ) ! animal motives & curiosity l travell]s 9 a busy m>ket-place1 b :]e ! s5se ( self is /rong !y become rul]s & regulators1 self-seek+ becomes delib]ate & su/a9$ 9 ! case ( ! human be+1 vanity passes into pride4 ,"h aga9 t some?+ 9 ! m9d s difficult to def9e1 s easy = all :o und]/& to und]/&1 t some?+ :i* insi/s ^u a be/ & ke5e/1 ! desire = beauty1 comes into ! play ( motives4 ,pride dem&s a beautiful self & w\ld discipl9e all o!r passions to its s]vice4 ,x also dem&s recognition = t beautiful self4 ,n[ pride1 ,i "k1 is d5\nc$ by _m z ! ess5tial quality ( s94 ,we are taught t 8self-abnegation0 is ! sub/ance ( virtue & self-=getfulness ! insep>able quality ( "r conduct4 ,b inde$ ,i _c s dismiss egotism & t pride :i* 0 ! fir/ =m 9 :i* ! desire to rule oneself z a :ole came to me4 ,?r\gh pride "o %apes oneself t[>ds a be/1 ?\gh at fir/ x may be an ill-conceiv$ be/4 ,pride is n always arrogance & aggression4 ,!re is t pride t does n ape b le>n humility4 ,& ) ! human imag9ation all ^! elem5t>y in/9cts1 ( ! fle%1 ( curiosity1 ( self-ass]tion1 become only ! basal sub/ance ( a huge elaborate edifice ( second>y motive & int5tion4 ,we live 9 a great flood ( example & sugge/ion1 our curiosity & our social quality impel u to a ?\s& imitations1 to dramatic attitudes & subtly obscure ends4 ,our pride turns ?is way & t z we respond to new notes 9 ! _w ab\t u4 ,we are ar5as = a conflict betwe5 sugge/ions flung 9 f all s\rces1 f ! mo/ div]se & ess5tially incompatible s\rces4 ,we live long h\rs & days 9 a k9d ( dream1 neglig5t ( self-int]e/1 our elem5t>y passions 9 abeyance1 among ^! d]ivative ?+s4 #b4g4 ,,! ,,syn!tic ,,motive4 ,su* x seems to me are ! *ief masses ( ! complex ( motives 9 u1 ! gr\p ( s5se1 ! gr\p ( pride1 curiosity & ! imitative & sugge/$ motives1 mak+ up ! sy/em ( impulses :i* is our w4 ,su* has be5 ! common outfit ( motives 9 e age1 & 9 e age its melee has be5 f\nd insuffici5t 9 itself4 ,x is a het]og5e\s sy/em1 x does n =m 9 any s5se a complet$ or balanc$ sy/em1 its con/itu5ts are v>iable & compete among/ !mselves4 ,!y are n s mu* arrang$ ab\t "o ano!r z sup]pos$ & higgl$y-piggl$y4 ,! s5ses & curiosity w> ) pride & "o ano!r1 ! motives sugge/$ to u fall into conflict ) ?is elem5t or t ( our intimate & habitual selves4 ,we f9d all our in/9cts are sn>es to excess4 ,excesses ( indulg5ce lead to excesses ( ab/95ce1 & ev5 ! s5se ( beauty may be cl\d$ & betray4 ,s to u all1 ev5 = ! mo/ balanc$ ( u1 come disappo9tm5ts1 regrets1 gaps2 & = mo/ ( u :o are ill-balanc$1 mis]ies & despairs4 ,ne>ly all ( u want some?+ to hold u toge!r--some?+ to dom9ate ?is sw>m+ confusion & save u f ! black mis]y ( w\nd$ & explod$ pride1 ( ?w>t$ desire1 ( futile conclusions4 ,we want m on5ess1 "s /eady+ ?+ t w af=d an escape f fluctuations4 ,diff]5t p1 ( diff]+ temp]am5t & tradition1 h s\ght on5ess1 ?is /eady+ & univ]saliz+ ?+1 9 v>i\s mann]s4 ,"s h atta9$ x 9 ?is mann]1 & "s 9 t4 ,sc>cely a religi\s sy/em has exi/$ t has n work$ effectively & prov$ true = someone4 ,to me x seems t ! ne$ is syn!tic1 t "s syn!tic idea & belief is ne$$ to h>monize "o's life1 to give a law by :i* motive may be tri$ aga9/ motive & an effectual peace ( m9d a*iev$4 ,i want an active peace & n a quiesc5ce1 & ,i d n want to suppress & expel any motive at all4 ,b to _m p ! ef=t takes ! =m ( attempts to cut (f "s "p ( oneself z x 71 to repudiate altoge!r "s /ra9+ or di/ress+ or disappo9t+ factor 9 ! s*eme ( motives1 & f9d a tranquilliz+ refuge 9 ! residuum4 ,s we h m5 & wom5 ab&on+ _! %>e 9 economic developm5t1 cru%+ ! impulses & evad+ ! complications t arise out ( sex & fly+ to devotions & simple duties 9 nunn]ies & mona/]ies2 we h p cutt+ _! lives d[n to a veget>ian diet>y & sci5tific rese>*1 resort+ to excesses ( self-discipl9e1 giv+ !mselves up :olly to "s 8art0 & mak+ ev]y?+ else subord9ate to t1 or1 go+ 9 ano!r direction1 ab&on+ pride & love 9 fav\r ( an acquir$ appetite = drugs or dr9k4 ,n[ x seems to me t ?is desire to get ! confus$ complex ( life simplifi$ is ess5tially :at has be5 call$ ! religi\s motive1 & t ! mann] 9 :i* a man a*ieves t simplification1 if he does a*ieve x1 & imposes an ord] ^u 8 life1 is 8 religion4 ,i f9d 9 ! s*eme ( conv]sion & salvation z x is pres5t$ by _m ,*ri/ian sects1 a v exact /atem5t ( ! m5tal processes ,i am try+ to express4 ,9 ^! sy/ems ?is discont5t ) ! complexity ( life ^u :i* religion is bas$1 is call$ ! conviction ( s91 & x is ! fir/ phase 9 ! process ( conv]sion--( f9d+ salvation4 ,x leads ?r\gh di/ress & confusion to illum9ation1 to ! act ( fai? & peace4 ,& aft] peace comes ! beg9n+ ( "r conduct4 ,if y believe & y are sav$1 y w want to behave well1 y w d y\r utmo/ to behave well & to und]/& :at is behav+ well1 & y w feel nei!r %ame nor disappo9tm5t :5 aft] all y fail4 ,y w say !n3 8s x is failure ,i _h to a*ieve40 ,& y w n feel bitt]ly because y seem unsuccessful beside o!rs or because y are misund]/ood or unju/ly treat$1 y w n be> malice nor *]i% ang] nor seek rev5ge1 y w nev] turn t[>ds suicide z a relief f intol]able ?+s2 inde$ !re w be no intol]able ?+s4 ,y w h peace )9 y4 ,b if y d n truly believe & are n sav$1 y w "k x because y w /ill suff] ! conflict ( motives2 & 9 regrets1 confusions1 remorses & discont5ts1 y w suff] ! p5alties ( ! unbeliev] & ! lo/4 ,y w "k c]ta9ly y\r own salvation4 #b4h4 ,,! ,,be+ ,,( ,,mank9d4 ,i w boldly adopt ! te*nicalities ( ! sects4 ,i w speak z a p]son ) exp]i5ce & decl>e t ,i h be5 ?r\gh ! di/resses ( despair & ! conviction ( s9 & t ,i h f\nd salvation4 ,i ,,believe4 ,i believe 9 ! s*eme1 9 ! ,project ( all ?+s1 9 ! significance ( myself & all life1 & t my defects & ugl9esses & failures1 j z mu* z my p[]s & successes1 are ?+s t are necess>y & important & contributory 9 t s*eme1 t s*eme :i* passes my und]/&+--& t no ?w>t+ ( my conception1 n ev5 ! cruelty ( nature1 n[ defeats or c defeat my fai?1 h[ev] mu* x p]plexes my m9d4 ,& ?\gh ,i say t s*eme passes my und]/&+1 nev]!less ,i hope y w see no inconsi/5cy :5 ,i say t necess>ily x has an aspect t[>ds me t ,i f9d imp]ative4 ,x has an aspect t ,i c p]ceive1 h[ev] dimly & fluctuat+ly4 ,i take x t to p]ceive ?is aspect to ! utmo/ ( my m5tal p[] & to %ape my acts accord+ to t p]ception is my function 9 ! s*eme2 t if ,i hold /eadfa/ly to t conception1 ,i am ,,sav$4 ,i f9d 9 t idea ( p]ceiv+ ! s*eme z a :ole t[>ds me & 9 ?is attempt to p]ceive1 t some?+ to :i* all my o!r emotions & passions may contribute by ga!r+ & contribut+ exp]i5ce1 & ?r\gh :i* ! syn!sis ( my life becomes possible4 ,let me try to convey to y :at x is ,i p]ceive1 :at aspect ?is s*eme seems to be> on ! :ole t[>ds me4 ,! ess5tial fact 9 man's hi/ory to my s5se is ! sl[ unfold+ ( a s5se ( community ) 8 k9d1 ( ! possibilities ( co-op]ations lead+ to sc>ce dreamt-( collective p[]s1 ( a syn!sis ( ! species1 ( ! developm5t ( a common g5]al idea1 a common g5]al purpose out ( a pres5t confusion4 ,9 t awak5+ ( ! species1 "o's ,,own ,,p]sonal ,,be+ ,,lives ,,& ,,moves--,a ,,"p ,,( ,,x ,,& ,,contribut+ ,,to ,,x4 ,,"o',s ,,individual ,,exi/5ce ,,is ,,n ,,s ,,entirely ,,cut ,,(f ,,z ,,x ,,seems ,,at ,,fir/2 ,,"o',s ,,entirely ,,sep>ate ,,individuality ,,is ,,ano!r1 ,a ,,pr(\nd]1 ,,among ,,! ,,subtle ,,inh]5t ,,delusions ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,m9d4 ,betwe5 y & me z we set our m9ds toge!r1 & betwe5 u & ! re/ ( mank9d1 !re is ,,some?+1 some?+ real1 some?+ t rises ?r\gh u & is nei!r y nor me1 t compreh5ds u1 t is ?9k+ "h & us+ me & y to play aga9/ ea* o!r 9 t ?9k+ j z my f+] & ?umb play aga9/ ea* o!r z ,i hold ?is p5 ) :i* ,i write4 ,let me po9t out t ?is is no s5tim5tal or my/ical /atem5t4 ,x is h>d fact z any h>d fact we "k4 ,we1 y & ,i1 are n only p>ts 9 a ?\ght process1 b p>ts ( "o fl[ ( blood & life4 ,let me put t 9 a way t may be new to "s read]s4 ,let me rem9d y ( :at is sometimes told z a je/1 ! fact t ! numb] ( "o's ance/ors increases z we look back 9 "t4 ,disreg>d+ ! *ances ( int]m>riage1 ea* "o ( u _h two p>5ts1 f\r gr&p>5ts1 eight great-gr&p>5ts1 & s on backw>d1 until v soon1 9 less ?an fifty g5]ations1 we %\ld f9d t1 b = ! qualification introduc$1 we %\ld h all ! e>?'s inhabitants ( t "t z our prog5itors4 ,= a hundr$ g5]ations x mu/ hold absolutely true1 t ev]yone ( t "t :o has issue liv+ n[ is ance/ral to all ( u4 ,t br+s ! ?+ q )9 ! hi/orical p]iod4 ,!re is n a we/]n ,european palaeoli?ic or neoli?ic relic t is n a family relic = e s\l alive4 ,! blood 9 our ve9s has h&l$ x4 ,& !re is some?+ m4 ,we are all go+ to m+le our blood aga94 ,we _c keep ourselves ap>t2 ! wor/ enemies w "s day come to ! ,peace ( ,v]ona4 ,all ! ,montagues & ,capulets are doom$ to int]m>ry4 ,a "t w come 9 less ?an fifty g5]ations :5 all ! population ( ! _w w h my blood1 & ,i & my wor/ enemy w n be able to say :i* *ild is 8 or m9e4 ,b y may retort--p]haps y may die *ildless4 ,!n all ! soon] ! :ole species w get ! little legacy ( my p]sonal a*ievem5t1 :atev] x may be4 ,y see t f ?is po9t ( view--:i* is = me ! vividly true & dom9at+ po9t ( view--our individualities1 our nations & /ates & races are b bubbles & clu/]s ( foam ^u ! great /ream ( ! blood ( ! species1 incid5tal exp]im5ts 9 ! gr[+ k & consci\sness ( ! race4 ,i ?9k ?is real solid>ity ( humanity is a fact t is only sl[ly be+ appreh5d$1 t x is an idea t we :o h come to realize x h to assi/ 9 ?9k+ into ! collective m9d4 ,i believe ! species is /ill z a :ole unawak5$1 /ill sunk5 9 ! delusion ( ! p]man5t sep>at5ess ( ! individual & ( races & nations1 t s x turns ^u itself & frets aga9/ itself & fails to see ! /up5d\s possibilities ( delib]ate self-developm5t t lie op5 to x n[4 ,i see myself 9 life z "p ( a great physical be+ t /ra9s & ,i believe gr[s t[>ds beauty1 & ( a great m5tal be+ t /ra9s & ,i believe gr[s t[>ds k & p[]4 ,9 ?is p]suasion t ,i am a ga!r] ( exp]i5ce1 a m]e t5tacle t arranges ?\ght beside ?\ght = ?is be+ ( ! species1 ?is be+ t gr[s beautiful & p[]ful1 9 ?is p]suasion ,i f9d ! rul+ idea ( :i* ,i /& 9 ne$1 ! rul+ idea t reconciles & adjudicates among my w>r+ motives4 ,9 x ,i f9d bo? conc5tration ( myself & escape f myself2 9 a ^w1 ,i f9d ,salvation4 #b4i4 ,,individuality ,,an ,,int]lude4 ,i w\ld l 9 a p>5!tical section to exp& & r5d] r m concrete ?is idea ( ! species z "o div>icat+ fl[ ( blood1 by an appeal to its ari?metical aspect4 ,i d n "k if x has ev] occurr$ to ! read] to compute ! numb] ( 8 liv+ ance/ors at "s def9ite date1 at1 let u say1 ! ye> "o ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,ev]yone has two p>5ts & f\r gr&p>5ts1 mo/ p h eight great-gr&p>5ts1 & if we ignore ! possibility ( int]m>riage we %all g on to a fre% p[] ( two ) e g5]ation1 ?us3-- ,column #a3 ,numb] ( g5]ations4 ,column #b3 ,numb] ( ance/ors4 #c3 #h #d3 #af #e3 #cb #g3 #abh #aj3 #a1jbd #bj3 #abf1igf #cj3 #ae1gde1jbd #dj3 #a1ief1bhb1igf ,i d n "k :e!r ! av]age age ( ! p>5t at ! bir? ( a *ild "u mod]n conditions c be det]m9$ f exi/+ figures4 ,!re is1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 a /rong presumption t x has be5 a ris+ age4 ,!re may h be5 a "t 9 ! pa/ :5 mo/ wom5 7 mo!rs 9 _! e>ly te5s & bore mo/ or all ( _! *ildr5 be=e ?irty1 & :5 m5 _h done ! great] "p ( _! procreation be=e ?irty-five2 ?is is /ill ! case 9 _m tropical climates1 & ,i d n ?9k ,i fav\r my case unduly by assum+ t ! av]age p>5t mu/ be ab\t1 or ev5 less ?an1 five & tw5ty4 ,?is gives f\r g5]ations to a c5tury4 ,at t rate & ,,disreg>d+ ,,int]m>riage ,,( ,,relations ! ance/ors liv+ a ?\s& ye>s ago ne$$ to acc\nt = a liv+ p]son w\ld be d\ble ! e/imat$ population ( ! _w4 ,b x is obvi\s t if a p]son sprang f a m>riage ( fir/ c\s9s1 ! eight ance/ors ( ! ?ird g5]ation are cut d[n to six2 if ( c\s9s at ! next /age1 to f\rte5 9 ! f\r?4 ,& e "t t a common pair ( ance/ors appe>s 9 any g5]ation1 ! numb] ( ance/ors 9 t g5]ation mu/ be r$uc$ by two f our orig9al figures1 or if x is only "o common ance/or1 by "o1 & z we g back t r$uction w h to be d\bl$1 quadrupl$ & s on4 ,i d>esay t by ! "t anyone gets to ! #hiaf names ( 8 ,elizabe?an ance/ors he w f9d q a l>ge numb] repeat$ ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! li/ & t he is cut d[n to p]haps two or ?ree ?\s& sep>ate p]sons4 ,b ?is does n effectually invalidate my assumption t if we g back only to ! clos+ ye>s ( ! ,roman ,republic1 we g back to an age 9 :i* ne>ly e p]son liv+ )9 ! conf9es ( :at 0 !n ! ,roman ,empire :o left liv+ (fspr+ mu/ h be5 ance/ral to e p]son liv+ )9 t area to-day4 ,no d\bt !y 7 s 9 v v>iable measure4 ,!re mu/ be = ev]yone "s few individuals 9 t p]iod :o h s to speak int]m>ri$ ) !mselves aga9 & aga9 & aga9 d[n ! g5ealogical s]ies1 & o!rs :o are repres5t$ by j "o t\* ( _! blood4 ,! blood ( ! ,jews1 = example1 has turn$ 9 ^u itself aga9 & aga92 b = all we "k "o ,italian proselyte 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian era may h made by ?is "t e ,jew alive a desc5dant ( "s unrecord$ ba/>d ( ,julius ,caes>4 ,! exclusive bre$+ ( ! ,jews is 9 fact ! mo/ effectual gu>antee t :atev] does get into ! *>m$ circle ?r\gh ei!r proselytism1 ! viol5ce ( enemies1 or fem99e un*a/ity1 mu/ ultimately p]vade x univ]sally4 ,x may be argu$ t z a matt] ( fact humanity has until rec5tly be5 segregat$ 9 pools2 t 9 ! great civilization ( ,*9a1 = example1 humanity has pursu$ its own int]lac+ sy/em ( inh]itances )\t admixture f o!r /reams ( blood4 ,b su* consid]ations only def] ! conclusion2 !y d n /ave x (f indef9itely4 ,x ne$s only t "o philoprog5itive ,*9aman %\ld h w&]$ into ^? regions t are n[ ,russia1 ab\t ! "t ( ,p]icles1 to l9k ea/ & we/ 9 t matt]2 "o ,t>t> *iefta9 9 ! ,/eppes may h giv5 a daught] to a ,roman soldi] & s5t 8 gr&sons ea/ & we/ to int]lace ! bran*es ( e family tree 9 ! _w4 ,if any race /&s ap>t x is su* an isolat$ gr\p z t ( ! n[ ext9ct ,tasmanian primitives or ! ,au/ralian black4 ,b ev5 "h1 9 ! remote dawn ( navigation1 may h come "s %ipwreck$ ,malays1 or "s half-bre$ woman kidnapp$ by w&]+ ,pho5icians h c>ri$ ?is l9k ( blood back to ! we/]n _w4 ,! m "o lets "o's imag9ation play ^u ! incalculable drift & soak ( population1 ! m "o realizes ! true value ( t spread+ relation ) ! pa/4 ,b n[ let u turn 9 ! o!r direction1 ! direction ( ! future1 because !re x is t ?is s]ies ( consid]ations becomes mo/ edify+4 ,x is ! commone/ trick to ?9k ( a man's desc5dants z ?\gh !y 7 8 own4 ,we are told t "o ( ! de>e/ human motives is ! desire to f\nd a family1 b ?9k h[ mu* ( a family "o f\nds at ! be/4 ,"o's son is aft] all only half "o's blood1 "o gr&son only a qu>t]1 & s "o goes on until x may be t 9 t5 brief g5]ations "o's heir & namesake has b #a_/ajbd? ( "o's inh]it$ self4 ,^? o!r ?\s& odd unpr$ictable p ?ru/ 9 & m+le ) "o's pride4 ,! tr5d ( all ?+s n[adays--! ev]-increas+ ease ( communication1 ! great & increas+ drift ( population1 ! e/abli%m5t ( a common /&>d ( civilization--is to r5d] su* admixture f> m probable & facile 9 ! future ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,x is a pleasant fancy to imag9e "s ambiti\s ho>d] ( weal?1 "s egoti/ical f\nd] ( "n & family1 return+ to f9d 8 desc5dants--,,8 desc5dants--aft] ! lapse ( a few brief g5]ations4 ,8 heir & namesake may h n a ?\s&? "p ( 8 h]$ity1 :ile "u "s o!r "n1 lo/ to all ! tradition & glory ( him1 enfeebl$ & deg5]ate ?r\gh mu* int]m>riage1 may be a multitude ( p :o h z mu* z a fiftie? or ev5 m ( 8 quality4 ,!y may ev5 be 9 s]vitude & dep5d5ce to ! really ali5 p]son :o is head ( ! family4 ,our f\nd] w g ?r\gh ! spread+ record ( (fspr+ & f9d x mix$ ) t ( p he mo/ hat$ & despis$4 ,! antagoni/s he wrong$ & ov]came w h crept into 8 l9e & recaptur$ all !y lo/2 h play$ ! cuckoo 9 8 blood & acquisitions1 & turn$ out 8 dilut$ /ra9 to p]i%4 ,& :ile ,i am be+ ?us biological let me po9t out ano!r que] aspect 9 :i* our egotism is ov]ridd5 by physical facts4 ,m5 & wom5 are apt to ?9k ( _! *ildr5 z be+ _! v own1 blood ( _! blood & bone ( _! bone4 ,b inde$ "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ facts 9 ?is matt] is ! frequ5t want ( resemblance betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr54 ,x is "o ( ! commone/ ?+s 9 ! _w = a *ild to resemble an aunt or an uncle1 or to revive a trait ( "s gr&p>5t t has seem$ entirely lo/ 9 ! int]v5+ g5]ation4 ,! ,m5delians h giv5 mu* att5tion to facts ( ?is nature2 & ?\gh _! g5]al me?od ( exposition seems to me q unju/ifiably exact & precise1 x _c be d5i$ t x is (t5 vividly illum9at+4 ,x is s 9 ?is connexion4 ,!y di/+ui% betwe5 8dom9ant0 & 8recessive0 qualities1 & !y e/abli% cases 9 :i* p>5ts ) all ! dom9ant *>act]i/ics produce (fspr+ ( recessive type4 ,recessive qualities are con/antly be+ mask$ by dom9ant ones & em]g+ aga9 9 ! next g5]ation4 ,x is n ! individual t reproduces himself1 x is ! species t reproduces ?r\gh ! individual & (t5 9 spite ( 8 *>act]i/ics4 ,! race fl[s ?r\gh u1 ! race is ! drama & we are ! incid5ts4 ,?is is n any sort ( poetical /atem5t2 x is a /atem5t ( fact4 ,9 s f> z we are individuals1 9 s f> z we seek to foll[ m]ely individual ends1 we are accid5tal1 disconnect$1 )\t significance1 ! sport ( *ance4 ,9 s f> z we realize ourselves z exp]im5ts ( ! species = ! species1 j 9 s f> d we escape f ! accid5tal & ! *aotic4 ,we are episodes 9 an exp]i5ce great] ?an ourselves4 ,n[ none ( ?is1 if y read me aright1 makes = ! suppression ( "o's individual diff]5ce1 b x does make = its correlation4 ,we h to get ev]y?+ we c out ( ourselves = ?is v reason t we d n /& alone2 we signify z p>ts ( a univ]sal & immortal developm5t4 ,our sep>ate selves are our *>ges1 ! tal5ts ( :i* mu* has to be made4 ,x is because we are episodical 9 ! great syn!sis ( life t we h to make ! utmo/ ( our individual lives & traits & possibilities4 #b4aj4 ,,! ,,my/ic ,,elem5t4 ,:at /up5d\s con/ructive m5tal & physical possibilities are !re to :i* ,i feel ,i am contribut+1 y may ask1 :5 ,i feel t ,i contribute to ?is great] ,be+2 & at once ,i confess ,i become vague & my/ical4 ,i d n wi% to pass glibly ov] ?is po9t4 ,i call y\r att5tion to ! fact t "h ,i am my/ical & arbitr>y4 ,i am :at ,i am1 an individual 9 ?is pres5t phase4 ,i c see no?+ ( ^! possibilities except t !y w be 9 ! nature ( ^? indef9able & ov]p[]+ gleams ( promise 9 our _w t we call ,beauty4 ,else:]e 79 my 8,food ( ! ,gods07 ,i h tri$ to r5d] my s5se ( our human possibility by mon/r\s images2 ,i h writt5 ( ^? :o w 8/& on ?is e>? z on a foot/ool & rea* out _! h&s among ! />s40 ,b t is m]e rhetoric at be/1 a /ra9+ image ( unimag9able ?+s4 ,?+s move to ,p[] & ,beauty2 ,i say t mu* & ,i h said all t ,i c say4 ,b :at is ,beauty1 y ask1 & :at w ,p[] d8 ,& "h ,i rea* my utmo/ po9t 9 ! direction ( :at y are free to call ! rhapsodical & ! incompreh5sible4 ,i w n ev5 attempt to def9e ,beauty4 ,i w n because ,i _c4 ,to me x is a f9al1 q indef9able ?+4 ,ei!r y und]/& x or y d n4 ,e true arti/ & _m :o are n arti/s "k--!y "k !re is some?+ t %[s sudd5ly--x may be 9 music1 x may be 9 pa9t+1 x may be 9 ! sunlight on a glaci] or a %ad[ ca/ by a furnace or ! sc5t ( a fl[]1 x may be 9 ! p]son or act ( "s fell[ creature1 b x is "r1 x is comm&+1 x is1 to use !ological language1 ! revelation ( ,god4 ,to ! my/]y ( ,p[] & ,beauty1 out ( ! e>? t mo!r$ u1 we move4 ,i d n attempt to def9e ,beauty nor ev5 to di/+ui% x f ,p[]4 ,i d n ?9k inde$ t "o c effectually di/+ui% ^! aspects ( life4 ,i d n "k h[ f> ,beauty may n be simply fulness & cle>ness ( s5sation1 a mom5t>y unveil+ ( ?+s hi!rto se5 b dully & d>kly4 ,z ,i h already said1 !re may be beauty 9 ! feel+ ( be] 9 ! ?roat1 9 ! ta/e ( *eese 9 ! m\?2 !re may be beauty 9 ! sc5t ( ! e>?1 9 ! w>m? ( a body1 9 ! s5sation ( wak+ f sleep4 ,i use ! ^w ,beauty !re=e 9 its wide/ possible s5se1 rang+ f> beyond ! special beauties t art discov]s & develops4 ,p]haps z we pass f dea? to life all ?+s become beautiful4 ,! utmo/ ,i c d 9 convey+ :at ,i mean by ,beauty is to tell ( ?+s t ,i h p]ceiv$ to be beautiful z beautifully z ,i c tell ( !m4 ,x may be1 z ,i sugge/ else:]e1 t ,beauty is a ?+ syn!tic & n simple2 x is a common effect produc$ by a great m$ley ( causes1 a l>g] aspect ( h>mony4 ,b ! "q ( :at ,beauty is does n v greatly conc]n me s9ce ,i h kn[n x :5 ,i met x & s9ce almo/ e day 9 life ,i seem to appreh5d x m & to f9d x m suffici5t & satisfy+4 ,objectively x may be altoge!r complex & v>i\s & syn!tic1 subjectively x is altoge!r simple4 ,all analysis1 all def9ition1 mu/ 9 ! end re/ ^u & arrive at unanalyzable & indef9able ?+s4 ,beauty is light--,i fall back ^u t image--x is all ?+s t light c be1 beacon1 elucidation1 pleasure1 com=t & consolation1 promise1 w>n+1 ! vision ( reality4 #b4aa4 ,,! ,,syn!sis4 ,x seems to me t ! :ole liv+ creation may be reg>d$ z walk+ 9 its sleep1 z walk+ 9 ! sleep ( in/9ct & individualiz$ illusion1 & t n[ out ( x all rises man1 beg9n+ to p]ceive 8 l>g] self1 8 univ]sal bro!rhood & a collective syn!tic purpose to increase ,p[] & realize ,beauty444 ,i write ?is d[n4 ,x is ! =m ( my belief1 & t unanalyzable some?+ call$ ,beauty is ! light t falls ^u t =m4 ,x is only by su* images1 x is only by ! use ( :at are practically p>ables1 t ,i c 9 any way express ^! ?+s 9 my m9d4 ,^! two ?+s1 ,i say1 are ! two aspects ( my belief2 "o is ! =m & ! o!r ! light4 ,! =m] places me z x 7 9 a s*eme1 ! latt] illum9ates & inspires me4 ,i am a memb] 9 t great be+1 & my function is1 ,i take x1 to develop my capacity = beauty & convey ! p]ception ( x to my fell[s1 to ga!r & /ore exp]i5ce & increase ! racial consci\sness4 ,i haz>d no :ys nor :]e=es4 ,t is h[ ,i see ?+s2 t is h[ ! univ]se1 9 response to my dem& = a syn!siz+ aspect1 pres5ts itself to me4 #b4ab4 ,,( ,,p]sonal ,,immortality4 ,^! are my beliefs4 ,!y beg9 ) arbitr>y assumptions2 !y end 9 a my/]y4 ,s d all beliefs t are n grossly utilit>ian & mat]ial1 promis+ h\ris & dea?less appetite or endless hunt+ or a cosmic mortgage4 ,! ,peace ( ,god passe? und]/&+1 ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 )9 u & )\t c be pres5t$ only by p>ables4 ,b ! unapproa*able di/ance & vagu5ess ( ^! ?+s makes !m none ! less necess>y1 j z a cl\d ^u a m\nta9 or sunlight remotely se5 ^u ! sea are z real z1 & to _m p f> m necess>y ?an1 pork *ops4 ,! driv5 sw9e may root & take no he$1 b man ! dream] drives4 ,& because ^! ?+s are vague & impalpable & wilfully atta9$1 x is none ! less important t !y %\ld be r5d]$ ) all ! tru? ( "o's be+4 ,to be atmosph]ically vague is "o ?+2 to be haphaz>d1 wanton & untru?ful1 q ano!r4 ,b "h ,i may give a specific answ] to a "q t _m f9d pr(\ndly important1 ?\gh inde$ x is already implicitly answ]$ 9 :at has gone be=e4 ,i d n believe ,i h any p]sonal immortality4 ,i am "p ( an immortality p]haps2 b t is diff]5t4 ,i am n ! cont9u+ ?+4 ,i p]sonally am exp]im5tal1 incid5tal4 ,i feel ,i h to d some?+1 a numb] ( ?+s no "o else c\ld d1 & !n ,i am f9i%$ & f9i%$ altoge!r4 ,!n my sub/ance returns to ! common lot4 ,i am a tempor>y enclosure = a tempor>y purpose2 t s]v$1 & my skull & tee?1 my idiosyncracy & desire1 w disp]se1 ,i believe1 l ! timb]s ( a boo? aft] a fair4 ,let me %ift my gr\nd a little & ask y to consid] :at is involv$ 9 ! opposite belief4 ,my idea ( ! unkn[n s*eme is ( some?+ s wide & deep t ,i _c conceive x encumb]$ by my egotism p]petually4 ,i %all s]ve my purpose & pass "u ! :eel & end4 ,t di/resses me n at all4 ,immortality w\ld di/ress & p]plex me4 ,if ,i may put ?is 9 a mixture ( !ological & social language1 ,i _c respect1 ,i _c believe 9 a ,god :o is always go+ ab\t ) me4 ,b ?is is aft] all :at ,i feel is true & :at ,i *oose to believe4 ,x is n a matt] ( fact4 ,s f> z t goes !re is no evid5ce t ,i am immortal & none t ,i am n4 ,i may be altoge!r wrong 9 my beliefs2 ,i may be misl$ by ! appe>ances ( ?+s4 ,i believe 9 ! great & gr[+ ,be+ ( ! ,species f :i* ,i rise1 to :i* ,i return1 & :i*1 x may be1 w ultimately ev5 transc5d ! limitation ( ! ,species & gr[ into ! ,consci\s ,be+1 ! et]nally consci\s ,be+ ( all ?+s4 ,believ+ t1 ,i _c also believe t my peculi> little ?read w n und]go syn!sis & vani% z a sep>ate ?+4 ,& :at aft] all is my di/9ctive some?+1 a few capacities1 a few incapacities1 an unc]ta9 memory1 a hesitat+ pres5ce8 ,x matt]s no d\bt 9 its place & "t1 z all ?+s matt] 9 _! place & "t1 b :]e 9 x all is ! et]nally indisp5sable8 ,! great ?+s ( my life1 love1 fai?1 ! intimation ( beauty1 ! ?+s mo/ sav\r+ ( immortality1 are ! ?+s mo/ g5]al1 ! ?+s mo/ %>$ & lea/ di/9ctively me4 #b4ac4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,*ri/ianity4 ,& "h p]haps1 be=e ,i g on to ! "q ( ,conduct1 is ! place to def9e a relation%ip to t sy/em ( fai? & religi\s obs]vance out ( :i* ,i & mo/ ( my read]s h come4 ,h[ d ^! beliefs on :i* ,i base my rule ( conduct /& to ,*ri/ianity8 ,!y d n /& 9 any attitude ( antagonism4 ,a religi\s sy/em s _m-fac$ & s endur+ z ,*ri/ianity mu/ necess>ily be saturat$ ) tru? ev5 if x be n :olly true4 ,to assume1 z ! ,a!i/ & ,dei/ seem to d1 t ,*ri/ianity is a sort ( disease t came ^u civilization1 an unpr(itable & wa/+ disease1 is to d5y t conception ( a progressive s*eme & rightness :i* we h tak5 z our basis ( belief4 ,z ,i h already confess$1 ! ,s*eme ( ,salvation1 ! idea ( a process ( sorr[ & atonem5t1 pres5ts itself to me z adequately true4 ,s f> ,i d n ?9k my new fai? breaks ) my old4 ,b x foll[s z a natural consequ5ce ( my metaphysical prelim9>ies t ,i %\ld f9d ! ,*ri/ian !ology ,ari/otelian1 ov] def9$ & excessively p]sonifi$4 ,! pa9t$ figure ( t be>d$ anci5t ^u ! ,si/9e ,*apel1 or ,william ,blake's wild-hair$1 wild-ey$ ,tr9ity1 convey no ne>] s5se ( ,god to me ?an "s "m-(-pe>l-ey$ pa9t$ & c>v5 mon/] f ! wor%ip ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s4 ,& ! ,miltonic fable ( ! (f5d$ creator & ! sacrificial son6 x _c span ! circle ( my ideas2 x is a little ?+1 & none ! less little because x is intimate1 fle% ( my fle% & _s ( my _s1 l ! draw+s ( my y\nge/ boy4 ,i put x aside z ,i w\ld put aside ! gay figure ( a co/um$ (ficiat+ prie/4 ,! passage ( "t has made 8 canonicals too /range1 too unlike my _w ( common ?\ght & co/ume4 ,^! ?+s help$1 b n[ !y h9d] & di/urb4 ,i _c br+ myself back to !m444 ,b ! psy*ological exp]i5ce & ! !ology ( ,*ri/ianity are only a gr\nd-"w = its ess5tial feature1 :i* is ! conception ( a relation%ip ( ! individual believ] to a my/ical be+ at once human & div9e1 ! ,ris5 ,*ri/4 ,?is be+ pres5ts itself to ! mod]n consci\sness z a famili> & beautiful figure1 associat$ ) a s]ies ( say+s & incid5ts t coalesce ) a v di/9ct & r\nd$-(f & complete effect ( p]sonality4 ,aft] we h cle>$ (f all ! def9itions ( !ology1 ,he rema9s1 my/ically suff]+ = humanity1 my/ically ass]t+ t love 9 pa9 & sacrifice 9 s]vice are ! necess>y sub/ance ( ,salvation4 ,:e!r he actually exi/$ z a f9ite individual p]son 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era seems to me a "q entirely beside ! m>k4 ,! evid5ce at ?is di/ance is ( imp]ceptible =ce = or aga9/4 ,! ,*ri/ we "k is q evid5tly some?+ diff]5t f any f9ite p]son1 a figure1 a conception1 a syn!sis ( emotions1 exp]i5ces & inspirations1 su/a9$ by & su/a9+ millions ( human s\ls4 ,n[ x seems to be ! common tea*+ ( almo/ all ,*ri/ians1 t ,salvation1 t is to say ! consolidation & amplification ( "o's motives ?r\gh ! conception ( a g5]al s*eme or purpose1 is to be atta9$ ?r\gh ! p]sonality ( ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ is made c>d9al to ! act ( ,fai?4 ,! act ( ,fai?1 !y ass]t1 is n simply1 z ,i hold x to be1 ,,belief1 b ,,belief ,,9 ,,him4 ,we are deal+ "h1 be x rememb]$1 ) beliefs delib]ately und]tak5 & n ) que/ions ( fact4 ,! only matt]s ( fact mat]ial "h are facts ( exp]i5ce4 ,if 9 y\r exp]i5ce ,salvation is atta9able ?r\gh ,*ri/1 !n c]ta9ly ,*ri/ianity is true = y4 ,& if a ,*ri/ian ass]ts t my belief is a false light & t pres5tly ,i %all 8come to ,*ri/10 ,i _c disprove 8 ass]tion4 ,i c b disbelieve x4 ,i hesitate ev5 to make ! obvi\s retort4 ,i hope ,i %all (f5d no susceptibilities :5 ,i ass]t t ?is great & v def9ite p]sonality 9 ! he>ts & imag9ations ( mank9d does n & nev] has attract$ me4 ,x is a fact ,i record ab\t myself )\t aggression or regret4 ,i d n f9d myself able to associate ,him 9 any way ) ! emotion ( ,salvation4 ,i admit ! spl5did imag9ative appeal 9 ! idea ( a div9e-human fri5d & m$iator4 ,if x 7 possible to h access by pray]1 by m$itation1 by urg5t outcries ( ! s\l1 to su* a be+ ^: feet 7 9 ! d>knesses1 :o /oop$ d[n f ! light1 :o 0 at once great & little1 limitless 9 p[] & virtue & "o's v bro!r2 if x 7 possible by %e] w 9 believ+ to make & make "o's way to su* a help]1 :o w\ld refuse su* help8 ,b ,i d n f9d su* a be+ 9 ,*ri/4 ,i d n f9d1 ,i _c imag9e1 su* a be+4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld4 ,to me ! ,*ri/ian ,*ri/ seems n s mu* a humaniz$ ,god z an incompreh5sibly s9less be+ nei!r ,god nor man4 ,8 s9lessness we>s 8 inc>nation l a fancy dress1 all 8 :ite self un*ang$4 ,he _h no petty weaknesses4 ,n[ ! ess5tial tr\ble ( my life is its petty weaknesses4 ,if ,i am to h t love1 t s5se ( und]/&+ fell[%ip1 :i* is1 ,i conceive1 ! peculi> magic & m]it ( ?is idea ( a p]sonal ,savi\r1 !n ,i ne$ someone q o!r ?an ?is image ( virtue1 ?is t]rible & incompreh5sible ,galilean ) 8 cr[n ( ?orns1 8 blood-/a9$ h&s & feet4 ,i _c love him any m ?an ,i c love a man ^u ! rack4 ,ev5 9 ! face ( torm5ts ,i d n ?9k ,i %\ld feel a ne$ = him4 ,i _h r !n a hundr$ times h ,botticelli's arm$ angel 9 8 ,tobit at ,flor5ce4 7,i hope ,i d n seem to want to %ock 9 writ+ ^! ?+s1 b inde$ my only aim is to lay my feel+s b>e47 ,i "k :at love = an idealiz$ p]son c be4 ,x happ5s t 9 my y\ng] days ,i f\nd a "* 9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature :o _h a s+ul> & extraord9>y *>m = me1 ( :om ! ?\ght 0 t5d] & com=t+1 :o inde$ help$ me ?r\gh %ames & humiliations z ?\gh he held my h&4 ,?is p]son 0 ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4 ,8 blund]s & tr\bles1 8 vices & vanities1 seiz$ & /ill hold my imag9ation4 ,! slights ( ,boswell1 ! contempt ( ,gibbon & all 8 company save ,johnson1 ! exquisite f95ess ( _s 9 8 8,vic> ( ,wakefield10 & t gre5 suit ( 8 & ! doctor's cane & ! love despis$1 ^! ?+s toge!r made him a cong5ial sa9t & h]o = me1 s t ,i ?\ght ( him z o!rs pray4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( t y\?ful feel+ = ,goldsmi?1 ,i "k :at ,i ne$ 9 a p]sonal ,savi\r1 z a troglodyte :o has se5 a c&le c imag9e ! sun4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian ,*ri/ 9 none ( 8 ?ree *>act]i/ic phases1 nei!r z ! magic babe 7f :om ,i am cut (f by ! wanton & indec5t purity ( ! ,immaculate ,conception71 nor z ! :ite-rob$1 spotless miracle work]1 nor z ! fi]ce unreal torm5t ( ! cross1 comes close to my s\l4 ,i d n und]/& ! ,agony 9 ! ,g>d52 to me x is l a sc5e f a play 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,! la t cry ( despair is ! "o human t\*1 discordant ) all ! re/ ( ! /ory4 ,"o cry ( despair does n suffice4 ,! ,*ri/ian's ,*ri/ is too f9e = me1 n inc>nate en\gh1 n fle% en\gh1 n e>? en\gh4 ,he 0 nev] fooli% & hot-e>$ & in>ticulate1 nev] va91 he nev] =got ?+s1 nor tangl$ 8 miracles4 ,i c\ld love him ,i ?9k m easily if ! dead _h n ris5 & if he _h la9 9 peace 9 8 sepul*re in/ead ( com+ back m enhalo$ & :it] ?an ev]1 z a po/script to 8 own trag$y4 ,:5 ,i ?9k ( ! ,resurrection ,i am always rem9d$ ( ! 8happy end+s0 t editors & actor manag]s are accu/om$ to impose ^u ess5tially tragic novels & plays444 ,y see h[ ,i /& 9 ?is matt]1 puzzl$ & confus$ by ! ,*ri/ian pres5tation ( ,*ri/4 ,i "k !re are _m w answ]--z ,i suppose my fri5d ! ,rev4 ,r4,j4 ,campbell w\ld answ]--t :at confuses me is ! ov]lay+ ( ! p]sonality ( ,jesus by /ories & sup]/itions & conflict+ symbols2 he w 9 effect ask me to dis5tangle ! ,*ri/ ,i ne$ f ! accumulat$ mat]ial1 *oos+ & reject+4 ,p]haps "o may d t4 ,he does1 ,i "k1 s pres5t ,him z a man inspir$1 & /r5u\sly1 inadequately & err+ly pres5t+ a dream ( human bro!rhood & ! imm$iate ,k+dom ( ,heav5 on e>? & s blund]+ to 8 failure & dea?4 ,b t w be a recov]$ & re/or$ p]son he w\ld give me1 & n ! ,*ri/ ! ,*ri/ians wor%ip & decl>e !y love1 9 :om !y f9d _! ,salvation4 ,:5 ,i write 8decl>e !y love0 ,i ?r[ d\bt int5tionally ^u ! univ]sal love ( ,*ri/ians = _! ,savi\r4 ,i h wat*$ m5 & nations 9 ?is matt]4 ,i am /ruck by ! fact t s _m ,*ri/ians fall back ^u m humaniz$ figures1 ^u ! t5d] figure ( ,m>y1 ^u patron sa9ts & su* m err+ creatures1 = ! effect ( m$iation & sympa?y !y ne$4 ,y see x comes to ?is3 t ,i ?9k ,*ri/ianity has be5 true & is = c\ntless p practically true1 b t x is n true n[ = me1 & t = mo/ p x is true only ) modifications4 ,e believ+ ,*ri/ian is1 ,i am sure1 my spiritual bro!r1 b if sy/ematically ,i call$ myself a ,*ri/ian ,i feel t to mo/ m5 ,i %\ld imply too mu* & s tell a lie4 #b4ad4 ,,( ,,o!r ,,religions4 ,9 ! same mann]1 9 v>y+ degree1 ,i hold all religions to be 9 a measure true4 ,lea/ compreh5sible to me are ! ,indian =mulae1 because !y seem to /& n on common exp]i5ce b on ^? intellectual assumptions my metaphysical analysis de/roys4 ,transmigration ( s\ls )\t a cont9u+ memory is to my m9d utt] fooli%ness1 ! imag9+ ( a race ( *ildr54 ,! aggression1 discipl9e & submission ( ,mahomm$anism makes1 ,i ?9k1 an intellectually limit$ b f9e & hon\rable religion--= m54 ,its _s if n its =mulae is abundantly pres5t 9 our mod]n _w4 ,mr4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+1 = example1 manife/ly prea*es a ,mahomm$an ,god1 a mod]nis$ ,god ) a ta/e = eng9e]+4 ,i h no d\bt t 9 devotion to a virile1 almo/ national ,deity & to ! s]vice ( ,8 ,empire ( /]n ,law & ,ord]1 effici5tly upheld1 m5 h f\nd & w f9d ,salvation4 ,all ^! religions are true = me z ,cant]bury ,ca!dral is a true ?+ & z a ,swiss *alet is a true ?+4 ,!re !y are1 & !y h s]v$ a purpose1 !y h work$4 ,m5 & wom5 h liv$ 9 & by !m4 ,m5 & wom5 /ill d4 ,only !y are n true = me to live 9 !m4 ,i h1 ,i believe1 to live 9 a new edifice ( my own discov]y4 ,!y d n "w = me4 ,^! s*emes are true1 & also ^! s*emes are false6 9 ! s5se t new ?+s1 new phras+s1 h to replace !m4 #b4ae4 ,su* are ! ess5tial beliefs by :i* ,i express myself4 ,b n[ comes ! practical outcome ( ^! ?+s1 & t is to discuss & %[ h[ ^u ?is metaphysical basis & ^! beliefs1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ! rul+ motive t arises ) !m1 ,i frame pr9ciples ( conduct4 ,,book ,,! ,,?ird -- ,,( ,,g5]al ,,conduct #c4a4 ,,conduct ,,foll[s ,,f ,,belief4 ,i hold t ! broad direction ( conduct foll[s necess>ily f belief4 ,! believ] does n require rew>ds & puni%m5ts to direct him to ! "r4 ,motive & idea are n s sep>able4 ,to believe truly is to want to d "r4 ,to get salvation is to be unifi$ by a compreh5d+ idea ( a purpose & by a rul+ motive4 ,! believ] wants to d "r1 he naturally & necess>ily seeks to d "r4 ,if he fails to d "r1 if he f9ds he has done wrong in/ead ( "r1 he is n greatly di/ress$ or t]rifi$1 he naturally & *e]fully does 8 be/ to correct 8 error4 ,he c be damn$ only by ! fad+ & loss ( 8 belief4 ,& naturally he recurs to & refre%es 8 belief4 ,i write 9 phrases t ! evangelical ,*ri/ianity ( my *ildhood made famili> to me1 because !y are ! mo/ expressive phrases ,i h ev] met = ! psy*ological facts ) :i* ,i am deal+4 ,b fai?1 ?\gh x bani%es fe> & despair & br+s ) x a real prevail+ desire to "k & d ! ,good1 does n 9 itself det]m9e :at is ! ,good or supply any simple guide to ! *oice betwe5 alt]natives4 ,if x did1 !re w\ld be no?+ m to be said1 ?is book ^u conduct w\ld be unnecess>y4 #c4b4 ,,:at ,,is ,,good8 ,x seems to me "o ( ! he$less errors ( ^? :o deal 9 philosophy1 to suppose all ?+s t h simple names or unifi$ effects are 9 _! nature simple & may be discov]$ & isolat$ z a sort ( ess5ce by analysis4 ,x is natural to suppose--& ,i ?9k x is also q wrong to suppose--t su* ?+s z ,good & ,beauty c be ab/ract$ f good & beautiful ?+s & consid]$ alone4 ,b pure ,good & pure ,beauty are to me empty t]ms4 ,x seems to me t ^! are 9 _! nature syn!tic ?+s1 t !y arise out ( ! com+ toge!r ( contributory ?+s & conditions1 & vani% at _! disp]sal2 !y are syn!tic j z m obvi\sly ,h>mony is syn!tic4 ,x is consequ5tly n possible to give a def9ition ( ,good1 j z x is n possible to give a def9ition ( t o!r some?+ :i* is s closely ak9 to x1 ,beauty4 ,nor is x to be ma9ta9$ t :at is good = "o is good = ano!r4 ,b :at is good ( "o's g5]al relations & :at is "r 9 action mu/ be det]m9$ by ! nature ( "o's beliefs ab\t ! purpose 9 ?+s4 ,i h set d[n my broad impression ( t purpose 9 respect to me1 z ! awak5+ & developm5t ( ! consci\sness & w ( our species1 & ,i h confess$ my belief t 9 subord9at+ myself & all my motives to t idea lies my ,salvation4 ,x foll[s f t1 t ! good life is ! life t mo/ ri*ly ga!rs & w9n[s & prep>es exp]i5ce & r5d]s x available = ! race1 t contributes mo/ effectively to ! collective gr[?4 ,?is is 9 g5]al t]ms my idea ( ,good4 ,s soon z "o passes f g5]al t]ms to ! "q ( individual good1 "o enc\nt]s individuality2 = ev]yone 9 ! diff]+ quality & measure ( _! p]sonality & p[]s & possibilities1 good & "r mu/ be diff]5t4 ,we are all engag$1 ea* contribut+ f 8 or h] own /&po9t1 9 ! collective syn!sis2 :atev] "o c be/ d1 "o mu/ d t2 9 :atev] mann] "o c be/ help ! syn!sis1 "o mu/ ex]t oneself2 ! sett+ ap>t ( oneself1 secrecy1 ! s]vice ( secret & p]sonal ends1 is ! wa/e ( life & ! ess5tial quality ( ,s94 ,t is ! g5]al expression = "r liv+ z ,i conceive x4 #c4c4 ,,socialism4 ,9 ! /udy ( :at is ,good1 x is v conv5i5t to make a r\gh division ( our subject into g5]al & p>ticul>4 ,!re are fir/ ! int]e/s & problems t affect u all collectively1 9 :i* we h a common conc]n & f :i* no "o may legitimately seek exemption2 ( ^! int]e/s & problems we may fairly say e man %\ld d s & s1 or s & s1 or ! law %\ld be s & s1 or s & s2 & secondly !re are ^? o!r problems 9 :i* individual diff]5ce & ! int]play ( "o or two individualities is pr$om9ant4 ,?is is ( c\rse no h>d & fa/ classification1 b x gives a me?od ( approa*4 ,we c beg9 ) ! g5]aliz$ p]son 9 ourselves & end ) individuality4 ,9 ! _w ( ideas ab\t me1 ,i h f\nd go+ on a great social & political movem5t t correlates itself ) my conception ( a great syn!sis ( human purpose z ! aspect t[>ds u ( ! univ]sal s*eme4 ,?is movem5t is ,socialism4 ,socialism is to me no cle>-cut sy/em ( !ories & dogmas2 x is "o ( ^? solid & ext5sive & syn!tic ideas t are bett] indicat$ by a numb] ( diff]5t =mulae ?an by "o1 j z "o only realizes a /atue by walk+ r\nd x & see+ x f a numb] ( po9ts ( view4 ,i d n ?9k x is to be completely express$ by any "o sy/em ( =mulae or by any "o man4 ,its common quality f ne>ly e po9t ( view is ! subord9ation ( ! w ( ! self-seek+ individual to ! idea ( a racial well-be+ embodi$ 9 an organiz$ /ate1 organiz$ = e end t c be obta9$ collectively4 ,^u t ,i seize2 t is ! value ( ,socialism = me4 ,socialism = me is a common /ep we are all tak+ 9 ! great syn!sis ( human purpose4 ,x is ! organization1 9 reg>d to a great mass ( common & fundam5tal int]e/s t h hi!rto be5 disp]s$ly s]v$1 ( a collective purpose4 ,i see humanity scatt]$ ov] ! _w1 disp]s$1 conflict+1 unawak5$444 ,i see human life z avoidable wa/e & curable confusion4 ,i see peasants liv+ 9 wret*$ huts knee-deep 9 manure1 m]e p>asites on _! own pigs & c[s2 ,i see %y hunt]s w&]+ 9 primaeval =e/s2 ,i see ! grimy millions :o slave = indu/rial production2 ,i see "s :o are extravagant & yet contemptible creatures ( luxury1 & "s lead+ lives ( %ame & indignity2 t5s ( ?\s&s ( weal?y p wa/+ lives 9 vulg> & unsatisfy+ trivialities1 hundr$s ( ?\s&s meanly *aff]+ !mselves1 ri* or poor1 9 ! wa/eful byways ( trade2 ,i see gambl]s1 fools1 brutes1 toil]s1 m>tyrs4 ,_! disord] ( ef=t1 ! spectacle ( futility1 fills me ) a passionate desire to end wa/e1 to create ord]1 to develop und]/&+444 ,all ^! p reflect & are "p ( ! wa/e & discont5t ( my life1 & ?is co-ord9ation ( ! species to a common g5]al end1 & ! que/ = my p]sonal salvation1 are ! social & ! individual aspect ( ess5tially ! same desire444 ,& yet disp]s$ z all ^! p are1 !y are f> m closely drawn toge!r to common ends & common ef=t ?an ! fil?y savages :o ate food rott5 & uncook$ 9 ! age ( unpoli%$ /one4 ,!y live 9 ! m]e op5+ phase ( a syn!sis ( ef=t ! end ( :i* surpasses our imag9ation4 ,su* int]c\rse & community z !y h is only a dawn4 ,we look t[>ds ! day1 ! day ( ! organiz$ civiliz$ _w /ate4 ,! fir/ cle> intimation ( t consci\s syn!sis ( human ?\ght to :i* ,i look1 ! fir/ edge ( ! dayspr+1 has aris5--z ,socialism1 z ,i conceive ( ,socialism4 ,socialism is to me no m & no less ?an ! awak5+ ( a collective consci\sness 9 humanity1 a collective w & a collective m9d out ( :i* f9] individualities may arise =ev] 9 a p]petual s]ies ( fre% endeav\rs & fre% a*ievem5ts = ! race4 #c4d4 ,a ,,criticism ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,=ms ,,( ,,socialism4 ,x is necess>y to po9t out t a ,socialism aris+ 9 ?is way out ( ! conception ( a syn!sis ( ! w & ?\ght ( ! species w necess>ily diff] f conceptions ( ,socialism arriv$ at 9 o!r & diff]5t ways4 ,x is bas$ on a self-discont5t & self-abnegation & n on self-satisfaction1 & x w be a s*eme ( p]si/5t ?\ght & con/ruction1 ess5tially1 & x w support ?is or t me?od ( law-mak+1 or ?is or t me?od ( economic exploitation1 or ?is or t matt] ( social gr\p+1 only incid5tally & 9 relation to t4 ,su* a conception ( ,socialism is v remote 9 _s1 h[ev] x may agree 9 me?od1 f t philan?ropic adm9i/rative socialism "o f9ds among ! ,briti% rul+ & adm9i/rative class4 ,t seems to me to be bas$ on a pity :i* is l>gely unju/ifiable & a pride t is altoge!r un9tellig5t4 ,! pity is = ! obvi\s wants & di/resses ( pov]ty1 ! pride appe>s 9 ! arrogant & aggressive conception ( rais+ "o's fell[s4 ,i h no /rong feel+ = ! horrors & discom=ts ( pov]ty z su*1 s5sibilities c be h>d5$ to endure ! life l$ by ! 8,romans0 9 ,d>tmoor jail a hundr$ ye>s ago 7,see 8,! ,/ory ( ,d>tmoor ,prison0 by ,basil ,?omson 7,he9emann--#aijg7471 or s(t5$ to detect ! crumpl$ rose-leaf2 :at disgu/s me is ! /upidity & w>r+ purposes ( :i* pov]ty is ! outcome4 ,:5 x comes to ! idea ( rais+ human be+s1 ,i mu/ confess ! only p]son ,i feel conc]n$ ab\t rais+ is ,h4,g4 ,wells1 & t ev5 9 8 case my en]gies might be bett] employ$4 ,aft] all1 pres5tly he mu/ die & ! _w w h done ) him4 ,8 output = ! species is m important ?an 8 individual elevation4 ,moreov]1 all ?is talk ( rais+ implies a classification ,i d\bt4 ,i f9d x h>d to fix any /&>ds t w det]m9e :o is above me & :o bel[4 ,mo/ p are diff]5t f me ,i p]ceive1 b :i* among !m is bett]1 :i* worse8 ,i h a c]ta9 p[] ( communicat+ ) o!r m9ds1 b :at exp]i5ces ,i communicate seem (t5 f> ?9n] & poor] /uff ?an ^? :i* o!rs less expressive ?an ,i half fail to communicate & half display to me4 ,my 8inf]iors10 judg$ by ! common social /&>ds1 seem inde$ intellectually m limit$ ?an ,i & ) a n>r[] outlook2 !y are (t5 dirti] & m driv51 m "u ! /ress ( hung] & animal appetites2 b on ! o!r h& h !y n m vigor\s s5sations ?an ,i1 & ?r\gh %e] co>s5+ & h>d5+ ( fibre1 ! p[] to d m toilsome ?+s & su/a9 int5s] s5sations ?an ,i c\ld endure8 ,:5 ,i sit ^u ! b5*1 a respectable magi/rate1 & commit "s batt]$ reprobate = trial = ?is lurid (f5ce or t1 or s5d him or h] to prison = drunk5ness or su*-l indecorum1 ! d\bt drifts into my m9d :i* ( u aft] all is inde$ gett+ ne>e/ to ! ke5 edge ( life4 ,are ,i & my respectable colleagues mu* m ?an successful evasions ( ,,t8 ,p]haps ^! p 9 ! dock "k m ( ! ess5tial /ra9s & /resses ( nature1 are m intimate ) pa94 ,at any rate ,i d n ?9k ,i am ju/ifi$ 9 say+ c]ta9ly t !y d n "k444 ,no1 ,i d n want to raise p us+ my own position z a /&>d1 ,i d n want to be "o ( a gang ( consci\sly sup]ior p1 ,i d n want arrogantly to *ange ! quality ( o!r lives4 ,i d n want to int]f]e ) o!r lives1 except incid5tally--incid5tally1 9 ?is way t ,i d want to get to an und]/&+ ) !m1 ,i d want to %>e & feel ) !m 9 our comm]ce ) ! collective m9d4 ,i suppose ,i d n /ret* language v mu* :5 ,i say ,i want to get rid ( /resses & ob/acles betwe5 our m9ds & p]sonalities & to e/abli% a relation t is und]/&+ & sympa?y4 ,i want to make m g5]ally possible a relation%ip ( communication & int]*ange1 t = want ( a less batt]$ & ambigu\s ^w ,i mu/ ne$s call love4 ,& if ,i disav[ ! ,socialism ( condesc5sion1 s also d ,i disav[ ! ,socialism ( revolt4 ,!re is a =m ( ,socialism bas$ ^u ! economic g5]alizations ( ,m>x1 an economic fatali/ic ,socialism t ,i hold to be r wrong 9 its vision ( facts1 r m di/9ctly wrong 9 its !ory1 & altoge!r wrong & hopeless 9 its _s4 ,x prea*es1 z inevitable1 a conc5tration ( prop]ty 9 ! h&s ( a limit$ numb] ( prop]ty own]s & ! expropriation ( ! great prolet>ian mass ( mank9d1 a conc5tration :i* is aft] all no m ?an a t5d5cy conditional on *ang+ & *angeable conv5tions ab\t prop]ty1 & x f9ds its hope ( a bett] future 9 ! outcome ( a class conflict betwe5 ! expropriat$ ,_m & ! expropriat+ ,few4 ,bo? sides are to be equally sway$ by self-int]e/1 b ! toil]s are to be greg>i\s & mutually loyal 9 _! self-int]e/--,heav5 kn[s :y1 except t o!rwise ! ,m>xi/ dream w n "w4 ,! exp]i5ce ( contempor>y ev5ts seems to %[ at lea/ an equal p[] ( comb9ation = mat]ial ends among own]s & employ]s z among work]s4 ,n[ ?is class-w> idea is "o diametrically oppos$ to t religi\s-spirit$ ,socialism :i* supplies ! =m ( my g5]al activities4 ,?is class-w> idea w\ld exac]bate ! antagonism ( ! int]e/s ( ! _m individuals aga9/ ! few individuals1 & ,i w\ld oppose ! conceiv+ ( ! ,:ole to ! self-seek+ ( ! ,individual4 ,! _s & con/ructive int5tion ( ! _m to-day are no bett] ?an ^? ( ! few1 poor & ri* alike are ov]-individualiz$1 self-seek+ & non-creative2 to organize ! confus$ jo/l+ competitions1 ov]-rea*+s1 envies & hatr$s ( to-day into two great class-hatr$s & antagonisms w advance ! reign ( love at mo/ only a v little1 only s f> z x w simplify & make pla9 c]ta9 issues4 ,x may v possibly n advance ! reign ( love at all1 b r %att] ! ord] we h4 ,socialism1 z ,i conceive x1 & z ,i h pres5t$ x 9 my book1 8,new ,worlds = ,old10 seeks to *ange economic arrangem5ts only by ! way1 z an aspect & outcome ( a great *ange1 a *ange 9 ! _s & me?od ( human int]c\rse4 ,i "k t "h ,i g beyond ! limits _m ,sociali/s 9 ! pa/1 & "s :o are /ill contempor>y1 h set !mselves4 ,mu* ,socialism to-day seems to ?9k ( itself z fight+ a battle aga9/ pov]ty & its concomitants alone4 ,n[ pov]ty is only a symptom ( a pr(\nd] evil & is nev] to be cur$ by itself4 ,x is "o aspect ( divid$ & disp]s$ purposes4 ,if ,socialism is only a conflict ) pov]ty1 ,socialism is no?+4 ,b ,i hold t ,socialism is & mu/ be a battle aga9/ human /upidity & egotism & disord]1 a battle f\ght all ?r\gh ! =e/s & jungles ( ! s\l ( man4 ,z we get intellectual & moral light & ! realization ( bro!rhood1 s social & economic organization w develop4 ,b ! ,sociali/ may attack pov]ty = ev]1 disreg>d+ ! intellectual & moral factors t necessitate x1 & he w rema9 until ! end a purely economic doctr9aire cry+ 9 ! wild]ness 9 va94 ,& if ,i antagonize myself 9 ?is way to ! philan?ropic ,socialism ( k9dly prosp]\s p on ! "o h& & to ! fi]ce class-hatr$ ,socialism on ! o!r1 /ill m am ,i oppos$ to t furtive ,socialism ( ! speciali/ :i* "o meets mo/ typically 9 ! ,fabian ,society4 ,x arises v naturally out ( :at ,i may p]haps call speciali/ fatigue & impati5ce4 ,x is v easy = writ]s l myself to deal 9 ! broad g5]alities ( ,socialism & urge _! adoption z g5]al pr9ciples2 x is altoge!r ano!r affair ) a man :o sets himself to "w out ! riddle ( ! complications ( actuality 9 ord] to modify !m 9 ! direction ( ,socialism4 ,he f9ds himself 9 a jungle ( difficulties t /ra9 8 intellectual p[] to ! utmo/4 ,he em]ges at la/ ) conclusions1 & !y are r>ely ! obvi\s conclusions1 z to :at ne$s to be done4 ,ev5 ! p ( 8 own side he f9ds d n see z he sees2 !y are1 he p]ceives1 crude & ignorant4 ,n[ ,i hold t 8 duty is to expla9 8 discov]ies & int5tions until !y see z he sees4 ,b ! speciali/ temp]am5t is (t5 n a g5]aliz+ & expository temp]am5t4 ,speciali/s are apt to measure m9ds by _! speciality & und]rate ! av]age intellig5ce4 ,! speciali/ is appall$ by ! real task be=e him1 & he sets himself by tricks & misrepres5tations1 by b5evol5t sc\ndrelism 9 fact1 to effect *anges he desires4 ,too (t5 he fails ev5 9 t4 ,:]e he might h f\nd fell[%ip he ar\ses suspicion4 ,& ev5 if a ?+ is done 9 ?is way1 its ess5tial m]it is lo/4 ,= x is bett]1 ,i hold1 = a man to die ( 8 disease ?an to be cur$ unwitt+ly4 ,t is to *eat him ( life & to *eat life ( ! contribution 8 consci\sness might h giv5 x4 ,! ,socialism ( my beliefs re/s on a pr(\nd] fai? & broad] proposition4 ,x looks ov] & beyond ! w>r+ purposes ( to-day z a g5]al may look ov] & beyond a cr[d ( sull51 excit$ & confus$ recruits1 to ! day :5 !y w be discipl9$1 ex]cis$1 tra9$1 will+ & conv]g5t on a common end4 ,x holds p]si/5tly to ! idea ( m5 increas+ly work+ 9 agreem5t1 do+ ?+s t are sane to d1 on a basis ( mutual helpfulness1 temp]ance & tol]ation4 ,x sees ! great masses ( humanity ris+ out ( base & imm$iate anxieties1 out ( dw>f+ pressures & cramp$ surr\nd+s1 to und]/&+ & p>ticipation & f9e ef=t4 ,x sees ! res\rces ( ! e>? husb&$ & h>ve/$1 economiz$ & us$ ) sci5tific skill = ! maximum ( result4 ,x sees t[ns & cities f9ely built1 a race ( be+s f9ely br$ & taught & tra9$1 op5 ways & peace & fre$om f end to end ( ! e>?4 ,x sees beauty increas+ 9 humanity1 ab\t humanity & ?r\gh humanity4 ,?r\gh ?is great body ( mank9d goes ev]more an increas+ und]/&+1 an int5sify+ bro!rhood4 ,z ,*ri/ians h dreamt ( ! ,new ,j]usalem s does ,socialism1 gr[+ ev] m temp]ate1 pati5t1 =giv+ & resolute1 set its face to ! ,_w ,city ( ,mank9d4 #c4e4 ,,hate ,,& ,,love4 ,be=e ,i g on to po9t out ! broad pr9ciples ( action t fl[ f ?is wide conception ( ,socialism1 ,i may p]haps give a section to elucidat+ t opposition ( hate & love ,i made :5 ,i dealt ) ! class w>4 ,i h already us$ ! ^w love sev]al times2 x is an ambigu\s ^w & x may be well to sp5d a few words 9 mak+ cle> ! s5se 9 :i* x is us$ "h4 ,i use x 9 a v broad s5se to convey all t complex ( motives1 impulses1 s5tim5ts1 t incl9e u to f9d our happ9ess & satisfactions 9 ! happ9ess & sympa?y ( o!rs4 ,ess5tially x is a syn!tic =ce 9 human affairs1 ! m]g] t5d5cy1 a l9k+ =ce1 an expression 9 p]sonal w & feel+ ( ! common elem5t & int]e/4 ,x insi/s ^u resemblances & %>es & sympa?ies4 ,& hate1 ,i take x1 is ! emotional aspect ( antagonism1 x is ! expression 9 p]sonal w & feel+ ( ! individual's sep>ation f o!rs4 ,x is ! compet+ & de/ructive t5d5cy4 ,s long z we are individuals & memb]s ( a species1 we mu/ ne$s bo? hate & love4 ,b because ,i believe1 z ,i h already confess$1 t ! on5ess ( ! species is a great] fact ?an individuality1 & t we individuals are tempor>y sep>ations f a collective purpose1 & s9ce hate elim9ates itself by elim9at+ its objects1 :il/ love multiplies itself by multiply+ its objects1 s love mu/ be a ?+ m compreh5sive & endur+ ?an hate4 ,moreov]1 hate mu/ be 9 its nature a good ?+4 ,we individuals exi/ z su*1 ,i believe1 = ! purpose 9 ?+s1 & our sep>ations & antagonisms s]ve t purpose4 ,we play aga9/ ea* o!r l hamm] & anvil4 ,b ! syn!sis ( a collective w 9 humanity1 :i* is ,i believe our human & t]re/rial %>e 9 t purpose1 is an idea t c>ries ) x a conception ( a secul> alt]ation 9 ! scope & me?od ( bo? love & hate4 ,bo? wid5 & *ange ) man's wid5+ & develop+ appreh5sion ( ! purpose he s]ves4 ,! savage man loves 9 gu/s a fell[ creature or s ab\t him1 & fe>s & hates all o!r p4 ,e expansion ( 8 scope & ideas wid5s ei!r circle4 ,! common man ( our civiliz$ _w loves n only _m ( 8 fri5ds & associates sy/ematically & endur+ly1 b dimly he loves also 8 city & 8 c\ntry1 8 cre$ & 8 race2 he loves x may be less int5sely b ov] a f> wid] field & mu* m /eadily4 ,b he hates also m widely if less passionately & vehem5tly ?an a savage1 & s9ce love makes r h>mony & peace & hate r conflict & ev5ts1 "o may easily be l$ to suppose t hate is ! rul+ motive 9 human affairs4 ,m5 b& !mselves toge!r 9 leagues & loyalties1 9 cults & organizations & nationalities1 & x is (t5 h>d to say :e!r ! bond is "o ( love = ! association or hatr$ ( ^? to :om ! association is antagoniz$4 ,! two ?+s pass ins5sibly into "o ano!r4 ,london p h rec5tly se5 an edify+ in/ance ( ! transition1 9 ! ,br[n ,dog /atue riots4 ,a numb] ( p drawn toge!r by _! common pity = animal suff]+1 by love inde$ ( ! mo/ dis9t]e/$ sort1 _h s =gott5 _! initial _s z to erect a monum5t ) an inscription at once recklessly untru?ful1 spiteful 9 _s & p>ticul>ly vexati\s to "o great m$ical s*ool ( ,london4 ,!y h provok$ riots & plac>d$ ,london ) taunts & irritat+ misrepres5tation ( ! _s ( m$ical rese>*1 & !y h infect$ a :ole fre% g5]ation ( ,london /ud5ts ) a bitt] p>tizan contempt = ! humanit>ian ef=t t has s lam5tably misconduct$ itself4 ,bo? sides v[ !y w nev] give 91 & ! anti-vivisectioni/s are busy manufactur+ small *9a copies ( ! ,br[n ,dog figure1 inscription & all1 = purposes ( dome/ic irritation4 ,"h hate1 ! evil ugly bro!r ( ef=t1 has manife/ly sla9 love ! initiator & tak5 ! affair 9 h&4 ,t is a little model ( human conflicts4 ,s soon z we become militant & play aga9/ "o ano!r1 comes ?is dang] ( /ra9 & ?is possible rev]sal ( motive4 ,! fight beg9s4 ,into a pit ( heat & hate fall "r & wrong toge!r4 ,n[ x seems to me t a religi\s fai? su* z ,i h set =? 9 ! second ,book1 & a cle> s5se ( our community ( blood ) all mank9d1 mu/ necess>ily affect bo? our lov+ & our hatr$4 ,x w c]ta9ly n aboli% hate1 b x w subord9ate x altoge!r to love4 ,we are individuals1 s ! ,purpose pres5ts itself to me1 9 ord] t we may hate ! ?+s t h to g1 ugl9ess1 bas5ess1 insuffici5cy1 unreality1 t we may love & exp]im5t & /rive = ! ?+s t collectively we seek--p[] & beauty4 ,be=e our conv]sion we did ?is d>kly & ) our hate spread+ to p]sons & p>ties f ! ?+s = :i* !y /ood4 ,b ! believ] w hate lov+ly & )\t fe>4 ,we are ( "o blood & sub/ance ) our antagoni/s1 ev5 ) ^? t we desire ke5ly may die & leave no issue 9 fle% or p]suasion4 ,!y all t\* u & are "p ( "o necess>y exp]i5ce4 ,!y are all necess>y to ! syn!sis1 ev5 if !y are necess>y only z ! potato-peel 9 ! du/-b9 is necess>y to my d9n]4 ,s x is ,i disav[ & deplore ! :ole _s ( class-w> ,socialism ) its doctr9e ( hate1 its envi\s assault ^u ! leisure & fre$om ( ! weal?y4 ,)\t leisure & fre$om & ! exp]i5ce ( life !y gave1 ! ideas ( ,socialism c\ld nev] h be5 born4 ,! true mission ( ,socialism is aga9/ d>kness1 vanity & c[>dice1 t d>kness :i* hides f ! prop]ty own] ! int5se beauty1 ! pot5tialities ( int]e/1 ! spl5did possibilities ( life1 t vanity & c[>dice t make him clut* 8 preci\s hold+s & fe> & hate ! %ad[ ( *ange4 ,x has to tea* ! collective organization ( society2 & to t ! class-consci\sness & int5se class-prejudices ( ! work] ne$ to b[ q z mu* z ^? ( ! prop]ty own]4 ,b :5 ,i say t ,socialism's mission is to tea*1 ,i d n mean t its mission is a m]ely v]bal & m5tal "o2 x mu/ use all in/rum5ts & tea* by example z well z precept4 ,socialism by becom+ *>itable & m]ciful w n cease to be militant4 ,socialism mu/1 lov+ly b resolutely1 use law1 use =ce1 to dispossess ! own]s ( socially disadvantage\s weal?1 z "o co]ces a lunatic bro!r or takes a wrongfully acquir$ toy f a spoilt & ob/9ate *ild4 ,x mu/ int]v5e betwe5 all :o w\ld keep _! *ildr5 f in/ruction 9 ! bus9ess ( citiz5%ip & ! lessons ( frat]nity4 ,x mu/ build & gu>d :at x builds ) laws & ) t sword :i* is beh9d all laws4 ,non-resi/ance is = ! non-con/ructive man1 = ! h]mit 9 ! cave & ! nak$ sa9t 9 ! du/2 ! build] & mak] ) ! fir/ /roke ( 8 f\ndation spade uses =ce & op5s w> aga9/ ! anti-build]4 #c4f4 ,,! ,,prelim9>y ,,social ,,duty4 ,! belief ,i h t contribut+ to ! developm5t ( ! collective be+ ( man is ! individual's g5]al mean+ & duty1 & ! =mulae ( ! ,socialism :i* embodies ?is belief s f> z our common activities g1 give a g5]al framework & direction h[ a man or woman %\ld live4 7,i d ?r\gh\t all ?is book mean man or woman equally :5 ,i write ( 8man10 unless x is manife/ly inapplicable47 ,& fir/ 9 ?is pres5t "t he mu/ see to x t he does live1 t is to say he mu/ get food1 clo?+1 cov]+1 & adequate leisure = ! f9] aspects ( liv+4 ,socialism plans an organiz$ civilization 9 :i* ^! ?+s w be a collective solicitude1 & ! ga9+ ( a subsi/5ce an easy prelim9>y to ! f9e drama ( exi/5ce1 b 9 ! _w z we h x we are =c$ to engage mu* ( our en]gy 9 scrambl+ = ^! prelim9>y necessities4 ,our problems ( conduct lie 9 ! _w z x is & n 9 ! _w z we want x to be4 ,fir/ !n a man mu/ get a liv+1 a fair civiliz$ liv+ = himself4 ,x is a fundam5tal duty4 ,x mu/ be a fair liv+1 n p9*$ nor mean nor /ra9$4 ,a man c d no?+ high]1 he c be no s]vice to any cause1 until he himself is f$ & clo!d & equipp$ & free4 ,he mu/ e>n ?is liv+ or equip himself to e>n x 9 "s way n socially disadvantage\s1 he mu/ contrive z f> z possible t ! "w he does %all be con/ructive & contributory to ! g5]al well-be+4 ,& ^! prim>y necessities ( food1 clo?+ & fre$om be+ secur$1 "o comes to ! g5]al disposition ( "o's surplus en]gy4 ,) reg>d to t ,i ?9k t a v simple proposition foll[s f ! broad beliefs ,i h *os5 to adopt4 ,! g5]al duty ( a man1 8 exi/5ce be+ secur$1 is to educate1 & *iefly to educate & develop himself4 ,x is 8 duty to live1 to make all he c out ( himself & life1 to get full ( exp]i5ce1 to make himself f9e & p]ceiv+ & expressive1 to r5d] 8 exp]i5ce & p]ceptions hone/ly & helpfully to o!rs4 ,& 9 p>ticul> he has to educate himself & o!rs ) himself 9 ,socialism4 ,he has to make & keep ?is idea ( syn!tic human ef=t & ( consci\s con/ructive ef=t cle> fir/ to himself & !n cle> 9 ! g5]al m9d4 ,= x is an idea t comes & goes4 ,we are all ( u cont9ually laps+ f x t[>ds individual isolation aga94 ,he ne$s1 we all ne$1 con/ant refre%m5t 9 ?is belief if x is to rema9 a pr$om9ant liv+ fact 9 our lives4 ,& t duty ( education1 ( build+ up ! collective idea & organization ( humanity1 falls into v>i\s divisions dep5d+ 9 _! importance ^u individual quality4 ,= all !re is "o p]sonal "w t none may evade1 & t is ?9k+ h>d1 criticis+ /r5u\sly & und]/&+ z cle>ly z "o c religion1 socialism & ! g5]al pr9ciple ( "o's acts4 ,! intellectual factor is ( prim>y importance 9 my religion4 ,i c see no m reason :y salvation %\ld come to ! intellectually incapable ?an to ! morally incapable4 ,= simple s\ls ?9k+ 9 simple processes1 salvation p]haps comes easily1 b !re is none = ! intellectual c[>d1 = ! m5tal slov5 & slugg>d1 = ! /upid & obdurate m9d4 ,! ,believ] w ?9k h>d & cont9ue to gr[ & le>n1 to read & seek discussion z 8 ne$s det]m9e4 ,correlat$ ) "o's own intellectual activity1 "p ( x & gr[+ out ( x = almo/ ev]yone1 is intellectual "w ) & ^u o!rs4 ,by tea*+ we le>n4 ,n to communicate "o's ?\ghts to o!rs1 to keep "o's ?\ghts to oneself z p say1 is ei!r c[>dice or pride4 ,x is a =m ( s94 ,x is a duty to talk1 tea*1 expla91 write1 lecture1 read & li/54 ,e truly religi\s man1 e good ,sociali/1 is a propag&i/4 ,^? :o _c write or discuss c talk1 ^? :o _c argue c induce p to li/5 to o!rs & read4 ,we h a belief & an idea t we want to spread1 ea* to ! utmo/ ( 8 means & measure1 ?r\gh\t all ! _w4 ,we h a ?\ght t we want to make humanity's ?\ght4 ,& x is a duty too t "o %\ld1 )9 ! compass ( "o's ability1 make tea*+1 writ+ & lectur+ possible :]e x has n exi/$ be=e4 ,?is c be done 9 a hundr$ ways1 by f\nd+ & enl>g+ s*ools & univ]sities & *airs1 = example2 by mak+ pr9t & read+ & all ! mat]ial ( ?\ght *eap & abundant1 by organiz+ discussion & societies = inquiry4 ,& talk & ?\ght & /udy are b ! m g5]aliz$ aspects ( duty4 ,! ,believ] may f9d 8 own special aptitude lies r among concrete ?+s1 9 exp]im5t+ & promot+ exp]im5ts 9 collective action4 ,?+s tea* z well z words1 & "s ( u are mo/ expressive by concrete me?ods4 ,! ,believ] w "w himself & help o!rs to 8 utmo/ 9 all ^? developm5ts ( mat]ial civilization1 9 organiz$ sanitation = example1 all ^? developm5ts t =ce collective acts ^u communities & collective realizations into ! m9ds ( m54 ,& ! :ole field ( sci5tific rese>* is a field ( duty call+ to ev]yone :o c ent] x1 to add to ! p]man5t /ore ( k & new res\rces = ! race4 ,! ,m9d ( t ,civiliz$ ,/ate we seek to make by giv+ ourselves into its mak+1 is evid5tly ! c5tral "w be=e u4 ,b :ile ! writ]1 ! publi%] & pr9t]1 ! booksell] & libr>ian & tea*] & prea*]1 ! inve/igator & exp]im5t]1 ! read] & ev]yone :o ?9ks1 w be contribut+ !mselves to ?is great organiz$ m9d & int5tion 9 ! _w1 _m sorts ( specializ$ m5 w be m imm$iately conc]n$ ) p>allel & m concrete aspects ( ! human syn!sis4 ,! m$ical work] & ! m$ical inve/igator1 = example1 w be build+ up ! body ( a new g5]ation1 ! body ( ! civiliz$ /ate1 & he w be do+ all he c1 n simply z an individual1 b z a citiz51 to ,,organize 8 s]vices ( cure & prev5tion1 ( hygi5e & selection4 ,a great & gr[+ multitude ( m5 w be work+ out ! app>atus ( ! civiliz$ /ate2 ! organiz]s ( transit & h\s+1 ! eng9e]s 9 _! incessantly increas+ v>iety1 ! m9]s & geologi/s e/imat+ ! _w's res\rces 9 metals & m9]als1 ! me*anical inv5tors p]petually economiz+ =ce4 ,! sci5tific agriculturi/ aga9 w be /udy+ ! food supply ( ! _w z a :ole1 & h[ x may be increas$ & di/ribut$ & economiz$4 ,& to ! /ud5t ( law comes ! task ( rephras+ 8 intricate & (t5 q beautiful sci5ce 9 relation to mod]n conceptions4 ,all ^! & a hundr$ o!r aspects are integral to ! wide project ( ,con/ructive ,socialism z x %apes itself 9 my fai?4 #c4g4 ,,wrong ,,ways ,,( ,,liv+4 ,:5 we lay d[n ! proposition t x is "o's duty to get "o's liv+ 9 "s way n socially disadvantage\s1 & z f> z possible by "w t is contributory to ! g5]al well-be+ & developm5t1 :5 we /ate t "o's surplus en]gies1 aft] "o's liv+ is ga9$1 mu/ be devot$ to exp]i5ce1 self-developm5t & con/ructive "w1 x is cle> we condemn by implication _m modes ( life t are foll[$ to-day4 ,= example1 x is manife/ we condemn liv+ 9 idl5ess or on non-productive sport1 on ! income d]iv$ f private prop]ty1 & all sorts ( ways ( e>n+ a liv+ t _c be %[n to conduce to ! con/ructive process4 ,we condemn trad+ t is m]ely speculative1 & 9 fact all trad+ & manufacture t is n a positive social s]vice2 we condemn liv+ by gambl+ or by play+ games = ei!r /akes or pay4 ,mu* m d we condemn di%one/ or fraudul5t trad+ & e act ( adv]tisem5t t is n punctili\sly tru?ful4 ,we mu/ condemn too ! tak+ ( any income f ! community t is nei!r e>n$ nor conc$$ 9 ! collective int]e/4 ,b to ?is la/ po9t1 & to c]ta9 issues aris+ out ( x1 ,i w return 9 ! section next foll[+ ?is "o4 ,& x foll[s evid5tly f our g5]al propositions t e =m ( pro/itution is a d\ble s91 aga9/ "o's individuality & aga9/ ! species :i* we s]ve by ! developm5t ( t individuality's pref]5ces & idiosyncracies4 ,& by pro/itution ,i mean n simply ! act ( a woman :o sells = money1 & aga9/ h] ?\ghts & pref]5ces1 h] smiles & ende>m5ts & ! secret beauty & pleasure ( h] body1 b ! act ( anyone :o1 to ga9 a liv+1 suppresses himself1 does ?+s 9 a mann] ali5 to himself & subs]ves aims & purposes ) :i* he disagrees4 ,! j\rnali/ :o writes aga9/ 8 p]sonal convictions1 ! solicitor :o kn[+ly assi/s ! s*emes ( rogues1 ! b>ri/] :o pits himself aga9/ :at he p]ceives is ju/ice & ! "r1 ! arti/ :o does unbeautiful ?+s or less beautiful ?+s ?an he might1 simply to please base employ]s1 ! craftsman :o makes in/rum5ts = fooli% uses or bad uses1 ! deal] :o sells & pu%es an article because x fits ! cu/om]'s folly2 all ^! are pro/itutes ( m9d & s\l if n ( body1 ) no "r to lift an eyebr[ at ! pa9t$ disa/]s ( ! /reets4 #c4h4 ,,social ,,p>asitism ,,& ,,contempor>y ,,inju/ices4 ,^! broad pr9ciples ab\t "o's way ( liv+ are v simple2 our m9ds move freely among !m4 ,b ! real int]e/ is ) ! individual case1 & ! individual case is almo/ always complicat$ by ! fact t ! exi/+ social & economic sy/em is bas$ ^u conditions t ! gr[+ collective intellig5ce condemns z unju/ & undesirable1 & t ! con/ructive _s 9 m5 n[ seeks to sup]s$e4 ,we h to live 9 a provisional ,/ate :ile we dream ( & "w = a bett] "o4 ,! ideal life = ! ord9>y man 9 a civiliz$1 t is to say a ,sociali/1 ,/ate w\ld be 9 public employm5t or 9 private ent]prise aim+ at public recognition4 ,b 9 our pres5t _w only a small m9ority c h t direct & hon\rable relation ( public s]vice 9 ! "w !y d2 mo/ ( ! important bus9ess ( ! community is done ^u ! old] & m tortu\s private own]%ip sy/em1 & ! great mass ( m5 9 socially useful employm5t f9d !mselves work+ only indirectly = ! community & directly = ! pr(it ( a private own]1 or !y !mselves are private own]s4 ,e man :o has any money put by 9 ! bank1 or any money inve/$1 is a private own]1 & 9 s f> z he draws int]e/ or pr(it f ?is inve/m5t he is a social p>asite4 ,x is 9 practice almo/ impossible to dive/ oneself ( t p>asitic quality h[ev] /raight=w>d ! g5]al pr9ciple may be4 ,x is practically impossible = two equally valid sets ( reasons4 ,! fir/ is t "u exi/+ conditions1 sav+ & inve/m5t con/itute ! only way to re/ & security 9 old age1 to leisure1 /udy & intellectual indep5d5ce1 to ! safe upbr++ ( a family & ! happ9ess ( "o's weak] dep5d5ts4 ,^! are ?+s t %\ld n be left = ! individual to provide2 9 ! civiliz$ /ate1 ! /ate itself w insure e citiz5 aga9/ ^! anxieties t n[ make ! /udy ( ! ,city ,article almo/ a duty4 ,to ab&on sav+ & inve/m5t to-day1 & to d s is ( c\rse to ab&on all insurance1 is to become a driv5 & unc]ta9 work]1 to risk "o's p]sonal fre$om & culture & ! upbr++ & effici5cy ( "o's *ildr54 ,x is to l[] ! /&>d ( "o's p]sonal civilization1 to ?9k ) less delib]ation & less deta*m5t1 to fall away f t "w ( accumulat+ f9e habits & beautiful & pleasant ways ( liv+ contributory to ! com+ ,/ate4 ,& 9 ! second place !re is n only no return = su* a sacrifice 9 any?+ won = ,socialism1 b = f9e-?9k+ & liv+ p to give up prop]ty is m]ely to let x pass into ! h&s ( m egoi/ic possessors4 ,s9ce at pres5t ?+s mu/ be privately own$1 x is bett] t !y %\ld be own$ by p consci\sly work+ = social developm5t & will+ to use !m to t end4 ,we h to live 9 ! pres5t sy/em & "u ! conditions ( ! pres5t sy/em1 :ile we "w ) all our p[] to *ange t sy/em = a bett] "o4 ,! case ( ,cadburys ! cocoa & *ocolate mak]s1 & ! practical slav]y "u ! ,portuguese ( ! ,ea/ ,african negroes :o gr[ ! raw mat]ial = ,messrs4 ,cadbury1 is an illum9at+ "o 9 ?is connection4 ,! ,cadburys1 l ! ,r[ntrees1 are well kn[n z an en]getic & public-spirit$ family1 _! social & indu/rial exp]im5ts at ,b\rnville & _! g5]al social & political activities are broad & con/ructive 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,b !y f9d !mselves 9 ! peculi> dilemma t !y mu/ ei!r ab&on an important & pr(itable portion ( _! great manufacture or cont9ue to buy produce gr[n "u cruel & ev5 horrible conditions4 ,_! retirem5t f ! bran* ( ! cocoa & *ocolate trade conc]n$ w\ld1 "u ^! circum/ances1 mean no dim9ution ( ! manufacture or ( ! horrors ( ?is p>ticul> slav]y2 x w\ld m]ely mean t less humanit>ian manufactur]s w\ld /ep 9 to take up ! ab&on$ trade4 ,! self-righte\s individuali/ w\ld h no d\bts ab\t ! "q2 he w\ld keep 8 h&s clean anyh[1 retr5* 8 social "w1 ab&on ! types ( cocoa involv$1 & pass by on ! o!r side4 ,b inde$ ,i d n believe we came into ! mire ( life simply to hold our h&s up out ( x4 ,messrs4 ,cadbury foll[ a bett] l9e2 !y keep _! bus9ess go+1 & ex]t !mselves 9 e way to let light into ! secrets ( ,portuguese ,ea/ ,africa & to organize a bett] control ( ^! lab\r cruelties4 ,t ,i ?9k is altoge!r ! "r c\rse 9 ?is difficulty4 ,we _c keep our h&s clean 9 ?is _w z x is4 ,!re is no excuse inde$ = a life ( fraud or any o!r positive fruitless wrong-do+ or = a purely p>asitic non-productive life1 yet all b ! =tunate few :o are prop]ly paid & recogniz$ /ate s]vants mu/ 9 f9ancial & bus9ess matt]s d _! be/ amid/ & ?r\gh in/itutions ta9t$ ) inju/ice & flaw$ ) unrealities4 ,all ,sociali/s ev]y:]e are l exp$ition>y soldi]s f> ahead ( ! ma9 advance4 ,! organiz$ /ate t %\ld own & adm9i/] _! possessions = ! g5]al good has n arriv$ to take !m ov]2 & 9 ! mean:ile !y mu/ act l its anticipatory ag5ts accord+ to _! lights & make ?+s ready = its com+4 ,! ,believ] !n :o is n 9 ! public s]vice1 ^: life lies among ! op]ations ( private ent]prise1 mu/ "w always on ! supposition t ! prop]ty he adm9i/]s1 ! bus9ess 9 :i* he works1 ! pr(ession he foll[s1 is de/9$ to be tak5 ov] & organiz$ collectively = ! commonweal & mu/ be made ready = ! tak+ ov]2 t ! private outlook he secures by inve/m5t1 ! provision he makes = 8 fri5ds & *ildr51 are tempor>y1 wa/eful1 ?\gh at pres5t unavoidable devices to be pres5tly m]g$ 9 & sup]s$$ by ! broad & sci5tific previsions ( ! co-op]ative commonweal?4 #c4i4 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,! ,,wife ,,& ,,"m4 ,^! pr9ciples give a rule also = ! problem t faces ! great majority ( ?9k+ wives & mo!rs to-day4 ,! mo/ urg5t & necess>y social "w falls ^u !m2 !y be>1 & l>gely educate & ord] ! homes (1 ! next g5]ation1 & !y h no direct recognition f ! community = ei!r ( ^! supreme functions4 ,!y are suppos$ to p]=m !m n = ,god or ! _w1 b to please & satisfy a p>ticul> man4 ,our laws1 our social conv5tions1 our economic me?ods1 s hem a woman ab\t t1 h[ev] fitt$ = & desir\s ( mat]nity %e may be1 %e c only effectually d t duty 9 a dep5d5t relation to h] husb&4 ,ne>ly always he is ! payma/]1 & if 8 paym5ts are grudg+ or irregul>1 %e has little rem$y %ort ( a brea* & ! rupture ( ! home4 ,h] duty is conceiv$ ( z fir/ to him & only second>ily to h] *ildr5 & ! ,/ate4 ,_m wives become "u ^! circum/ances m]e pro/itutes to _! husb&s1 (t5 evad+ ! be>+ ( *ildr5 ) _! cons5t & ev5 at _! reque/1 & 8lov+ = a liv+40 ,t is a natural outcome ( ! propriet>y !ory ( ! family out ( :i* our civilization em]ges4 ,b our mod]n ideas tr5d m & m to reg>d a woman's prim>y duty to be h] duty to ! *ildr5 & to ! _w to :i* %e gives !m4 ,%e is to be a citiz5 side by side ) h] husb&2 no long] is he to int]v5e betwe5 h] & ! community4 ,z a matt] ( contempor>y fact he c d s & does s habitually1 & mo/ wom5 h to squ>e _! ideas ( life to t possibility4 ,be=e any woman :o is cle>-head$ en\gh to p]ceive t ?is great bus9ess ( mo!rhood is "o ( supreme public importance1 !re are a numb] ( alt]natives at ! pres5t "t4 ,%e may1 l ,grant ,allan's h]o9e 9 8,! ,woman ,:o ,did10 decl>e an exagg]at$ & impossible indep5d5ce1 refuse ! fett]s ( m>riage & be> *ildr5 to a lov]4 ,?is1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( public op9ion 9 almo/ e exi/+ social atmosph]e1 w\ld be a purely an>*i/ic c\rse4 ,x w\ld mean a fa!rless home1 & s9ce ! woman w h to play ! d\ble "p ( income-e>n] & "m1 an impov]i%$ & /ruggl+ home4 ,x w\ld mean also an unsocial because o/raciz$ home4 ,9 mo/ cases1 & ev5 assum+ x to be "r 9 idea1 x w\ld /ill be on all f\rs ) t imm$iate ab&onm5t ( private prop]ty we h already discuss$1 a sort ( suicide t helps ! _w no?+4 ,or %e may 8/rike10 refuse m>riage & pursue a solit>y & *ildless c>e]1 engag+ h] surplus en]gies 9 con/ructive "w4 ,b t also is suicide2 x is to miss ! ke5e/ exp]i5ces1 ! f9e/ realities life has to (f]4 ,or %e may meet a man :om %e c tru/ to keep a treaty ) h] & supplem5t ! common int]pretations & legal insuffici5cies ( ! m>riage bond1 :o w respect h] always z a free & indep5d5t p]son1 w ab/a9 absolutely f au?oritative me?ods1 & w ei!r %>e & tru/ 8 income & prop]ty ) h] 9 a frank communism1 or give h] a suffici5t & private income = h] p]sonal use4 ,x is only fair "u exi/+ economic conditions t at m>riage a husb& %\ld insure 8 life 9 8 wife's int]e/1 & ,i d n ?9k x w\ld be impossible to br+ our legal m>riage contract into accordance ) mod]n ideas 9 t matt]4 ,c]ta9ly x %\ld be legally imp]ative t at ! bir? ( ea* *ild a new policy ^u its fa!r's life1 z ! income-gett]1 %\ld beg94 ,! latt] provision at lea/ %\ld be a normal condition ( m>riage & "o t ! wife %\ld h p[] to en=ce :5 paym5ts fall away4 ,) su* safegu>ds & "u su* conditions m>riage ceases to be a haphaz>d dep5d5ce = a woman1 & %e may live1 tea*+ & re>+ & free1 almo/ z ?\gh ! co-op]ative commonweal? _h come4 ,b 9 _m cases1 s9ce great numb]s ( wom5 m>ry s "y & s ignorantly t _! ?9k+ ab\t realities beg9s only aft] m>riage1 a woman w f9d h]self already m>ri$ to a man be=e %e realizes ! significance ( ^! ?+s4 ,%e may be already ! "m ( *ildr54 ,h] husb&'s ideas may n be h] ideas4 ,he may dom9ate1 he may prohibit1 he may int]v5e1 he may default4 ,he may1 if he sees fit1 bur!n ! family income ) ! *>ges ( 8 illegitimate (fspr+4 ,we live 9 ! _w z x is & n 9 ! _w z x %\ld be4 ,t s5t5ce becomes ! refra9 ( ?is discussion4 ,! normal mod]n m>ri$ woman has to make ! be/ ( a bad position1 to d h] be/ "u ! old conditions1 to live z ?\gh %e 0 "u ! new conditions1 to make good citiz5s1 to give h] sp>e en]gies z f> z %e c to br++ ab\t a bett] /ate ( affairs4 ,l ! private prop]ty own] & ! (ficial 9 a privately own$ bus9ess1 h] be/ me?od ( conduct is to consid] h]self an unrecogniz$ public (ficial1 irregul>ly comm&$ & improp]ly paid4 ,!re is no good 9 flagrant rebellion4 ,%e has to /udy h] p>ticul> circum/ances & make :at good %e c out ( !m1 keep+ h] face t[>ds ! com+ "t4 ,i _c bett] ! image ,i h already us$ = ! ?9k+ & believ+ mod]n-m9d$ p ( to-day z an advance gu>d cut (f f prop] supplies1 ill furni%$ s t make%ift prevails1 & r demoraliz$4 ,we h to be wise z well z loyal2 discretion itself is loyalty to ! com+ ,/ate4 #c4aj4 ,,associations4 ,9 ! previ\s section ,i h dealt ) ! s+le individual's duty 9 relation to ! g5]al community & to law & g5]ally receiv$ in/itutions4 ,b !re is a new set ( que/ions n[ to be consid]$4 ,let u take up ! modifications t arise :5 x is n "o isolat$ individual b a gr\p ( individuals :o f9d !mselves 9 disagreem5t ) contempor>y rule or usage & dispos$ to f9d a rightness 9 ?+s n e/abli%$ or n conc$$4 ,!y too live 9 ! _w z x is & n 9 ! _w z x ought to be1 b _! association op5s up q new possibilities ( anticipat+ com+ developm5ts ( liv+1 & ( protect+ & gu>antee+ "o ano!r f :at = a s+le unprotect$ individual w\ld be ! inevitable consequ5ces ( a p>ticul> l9e ( conduct1 conduct :i* happ5$ to be unor?odox or only1 9 ! face ( exi/+ conditions1 unwise4 ,= example1 a fri5d ( m9e :o _h read a copy ( ! prec$+ section wrote z foll[s3-- 8,i c see no reason :y ev5 to-day a numb] ( p]sons av[$ly unit$ 9 ! same #8,belief' & recogniz+ ea* o!r z ! self-con/itut$ social vangu>d %\ld n =m a recogniz$ spiritual community c5t]+ r\nd "s k9d ( #8religi\s' edifice & ritual1 & agree to regi/] & consecrate ! union ( any c\ples ( ! memb]s accord+ to a contract :i* ! :ole community %\ld h vot$ acceptable4 ,! community w\ld be ! gu>dian ( money deposit$ or paid 9 gradually z insurance = ! *ildr54 ,& ! fact ( ! :ole bus9ess be+ regul>1 op5 & connect$ ) a common intellectual & moral ritual & a common "n1 su* = example z y\r "n ( #8,! ,samurai1' w\ld secure ! respect ( outsid]s1 s t ev5tually ^! new m>riage arrangem5ts w\ld modify ! old ones4 ,p w\ld ask1 #8,7 y m>ri$ be=e ! regi/r>8' & ! answ] w\ld be1 #8,no1 we are ,samurai & 7 unit$ be=e ! ,eld]s4' ,9 ,ca?olic c\ntries ^? :o use only ! civil m>riage are consid]$ outca/s by ! religi\sly m9d$1 :i* %[s t recognition by ! ,/ate is n z pot5t z recognition by ! community to :i* "o belongs4 ,! religi\s m>riage is consid]$ ! only "o b9d+ by ,ca?olics1 & ! civil c]emony is respect$ m]ely because ! ,/ate has brute =ce beh9d x40 ,!re is 9 ?is passage "o p>ticul>ly valuable idea1 ! idea ( an association ( p to gu>antee ! welf>e ( _! *ildr5 9 common4 ,i w foll[ t a little1 ?\gh x takes me away f my ma9 l9e ( ?\ght4 ,x seems to me t su* an association might be f\nd 9 _m cases a practicable way ( eas+ ! conflict t s _m m5 & wom5 exp]i5ce1 betwe5 _! individual public s]vice & _! duty to _! own families4 ,_m p ( exceptional gifts1 ^: gifts are n necess>ily remun]ative1 are =c$ by ^! p]sonal consid]ations to direct !m m or less askew1 to div]t !m f _! be/ application to "s inf]ior b money-mak+ use2 & _m m are giv5 ! disagreeable alt]native ( evad+ p>5tage or los+ ! fre$om ( m9d ne$$ = socially b5eficial "w4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) _m sci5tific inve/igators1 _m sociological & philosophical work]s1 _m arti/s1 tea*]s & ! l4 ,ev5 :5 su* p are fairly prosp]\s p]sonally !y d n c>e to incur ! obligation to keep prosp]\s at any co/ to _! "w t a family 9 our competitive sy/em involves4 ,x gives great ease ( m9d to any sort ( arti/ic or intellectual work] to feel free to become poor4 ,i d n see :y a gr\p ( su* p %\ld n attempt a m]g] ( _! family anxieties & family adv5tures1 insure all its memb]s1 & :ile ea* reta9s a suffici5t p]sonal indep5d5ce = fre$om ( ^w & movem5t1 pool _! family solicitudes & res\rces1 organize a collective s*ool & a common ma9t5ance fund = all ! *ildr5 born ( memb]s ( ! association4 ,i d n see :y !y %\ld n 9 fact develop a p]man5t tru/ to ma9ta91 educate & s5d out all _! *ildr5 into ! _w1 a tru/ to :i* _! *ildless fri5ds & associates c\ld contribute by gift & beque/1 & to :i* ! irregul> good =tune t is n uncommon 9 ! c>e]s ( ^! exceptional types c\ld be devot$4 ,i d n mean any sort ( *>ity b an enl>g$ family basis4 ,su* an idea passes v readily into ! =m ( a ,eug5ic association4 ,x w\ld be q possible & v int]e/+ = prosp]\s p int]e/$ 9 ,eug5ics to create a tru/ = ! (fspr+ ( a select$ b& ( b5efici>ies1 & ) increas+ res\rces to admit new memb]s & s build up )9 ! pres5t social sy/em a special /ra9 ( *os5 p4 ,s f> p ) eug5ic ideas & p ) conceptions ( associat$ & consolidat$ families h be5 too v>i\s & too disp]s$ = su* associations to be practicable1 b z su* views ( life become m common1 ! *ance ( a numb] ( suffici5tly homog5e\s & cong5ial p work+ out ! me?od ( su* a gr\p+ increases /eadily4 ,moreov]1 ,i c imag9e no reason to prev5t any wom5 :o are 9 agreem5t ) ! moral /&>ds ( ! 8,woman :o ,did0 7/&>ds ,i w n discuss at ?is pres5t po9t b def] = a lat] section7 comb9+ = mutual protection & social support & ! welf>e ( su* *ildr5 z !y may be>4 ,!n c]ta9ly1 to ! ext5t t ?is succe$s1 ! objections t arise f ! evil effects ^u ! *ildr5 ( social isolation disappe>4 ,?is isolation w\ld be at wor/ a gr\p isolation1 & !re c be no d\bt t my fri5d is "r 9 po9t+ out t !re is mu* m social tol]ation = an act committ$ "u ! sanction ( a gr\p ?an = an isolat$ act t may be m]ely impulsive misbehavi\r masqu]ad+ z high pr9ciple4 ,x seems to me rem>kable t1 to ! be/ ( my k1 s obvi\s a =m ( comb9ation has nev] yet be5 put 9 practice4 ,x is rem>kable b n inexplicable4 ,! fir/ p to develop novel ideas1 m p>ticul>ly ( ?is type1 are usually p 9 isolat$ circum/ances & temp]am5tally incapable ( discipl9$ coop]ation4 #c4aa4 ,,( ,,an ,,organiz$ ,,bro!rhood4 ,! idea ( organiz+ ! progressive elem5ts 9 ! social *aos into a regul> develop+ =ce is "o t has _h a great attraction = me4 ,i h writt5 ^u x else:]e1 & ,i make no apology = return+ to x "h & exam9+ x 9 ! light ( v>i\s aft]?\ghts & ) fre% sugge/ions4 ,i fir/ broa*$ ?is idea 9 a book call$ 8,anticipations10 :]e9 ,i describ$ a possible developm5t ( ?\ght & conc]t$ action :i* ,i call$ ! ,new ,republicanism1 & aft]w>ds ,i r$rew ! ?+ r m elaborately 9 my 8,mod]n ,utopia40 ,i _h be5 /ruck by ! app>5tly *aotic & wa/eful "* ( mo/ contempor>y re=m movem5ts1 & x seem$ reasonable to suppose t ^? :o aim$ at organiz+ society & replac+ *aos & wa/e by wise arrangem5ts1 might v well beg9 by produc+ a m effective organization = _! own ef=ts4 ,^! complexities ( good int5tion made me impati5t1 & ,i s\ght indu/ri\sly 9 my m9d = a %ort cut ?r\gh !m4 ,9 do+ s ,i ?9k ,i ov]look$ altoge!r too mu* h[ het]og5e\s all progressive ?\ght & progressive p mu/ be4 ,9 my 8,mod]n ,utopia0 ,i turn$ ?is idea ( an organiz$ bro!rhood ab\t v ?or\ghly & look$ at x f ?is po9t & t2 ,i let x loose z x 71 & gave x its fulle/ developm5t1 & s produc$ a sort ( secul> ,ord] ( gov]n+ m5 & wom54 ,9 a _s entirely j\rnali/ic ,i call$ ?is ! ,ord] ( ! ,samurai1 = at ! "t ,i wrote !re 0 mu* int]e/ 9 ,bu%ido because ( ! capacity = h>d%ip & self-sacrifice ?is *ivalr\s culture appe>s to h develop$ 9 ! ,japanese4 ,^! ,samurai ( m9e 7 a sort ( volunt>y nobility :o suppli$ ! adm9i/rative & organiz+ =ces t held my ,utopian _w toge!r4 ,!y 7 ! 8,new ,republicans0 ( my 8,anticipations0 & 8,mank9d 9 ! ,mak+10 mu* develop$ & suppos$ triumphant & rul+ ! _w4 ,i s\ght ( c\rse to set out ^! ideas z attractively z possible 9 my books1 & !y h z a matt] ( fact prov$ v attractive to a c]ta9 numb] ( p4 ,q a numb] h want$ to g on ) !m4 ,sev]al little organizations ( ,utopians & ,samurai & ! l h sprung up & in=m$ me ( !mselves1 & "s survive2 & "y m5 d /ill at times drop into my _w 8p]sonally or by lett]0 decl>+ !mselves ,new ,republicans4 ,all ?is has be5 v helpful & at times a little emb>rass+ to me4 ,x has giv5 me an opportunity ( see+ ! ideals ,i flung into ! di/ance beyond ,sirius & among ! m\nta9 sn[s com+ home p>tially inc>nate 9 girls & "y m54 ,x has made me look into individualiz$ human aspirations1 human impati5ce1 human vanity & a c]ta9 human ne$ ( fell[%ip1 at close qu>t]s4 ,x has illum9at$ subtle & f9e traits2 x has display$ nobilities1 & x has br\ght out aspects ( human absurdity to :i* only ! p5cil ( ,mr4 ,george ,morr[ c\ld d adequate ju/ice4 ,! ?+ ,i h _h to expla9 mo/ g5]ally is t my ,new ,republicans & ,samurai are b figures ( sugge/ion1 figures to ?9k ov] & use 9 plann+ discipl9es1 b by no means copies to foll[4 ,i h _h to g ov] aga91 z ?\gh x _h nev] be5 rais$ be=e 9 any previ\s writ+s1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! _s & ! lett]4 ,^! responses h on ! :ole confirm$ my ma9 idea t !re is a real ne$1 a ne$ t _m p1 & especially adolesc5t p1 feel v /rongly1 = "s sort ( con/ructive bro!rhood ( a clos] type ?an m]e political association1 to co-ord9ate & p>tly guide _! loose *aotic ef=ts to get hold ( life--b !y h also conv9c$ me t no wide & compreh5sive organization c supply t want4 ,my ,new ,republicans 7 pres5t$ z 9 _m respects h>% & ov]be>+ p1 8a sort ( outspok5 secret society0 = ! organization ( ! _w4 ,!y 7 n s mu* an ideal ord] z ! ,samurai ( ! lat] book1 be+ r d$uc$ z a possible outcome ( c]ta9 =ces & t5d5cies 9 contempor>y life 7,a4,d4 #aijj7 ?an1 z lit]>y p say1 8creat$40 ,!y 7 to be drawn f among eng9e]s1 doctors1 sci5tific bus9ess organiz]s & ! l1 & ,i f\nd t x is to en]getic "y m5 ( ! m responsible classes t ?is p>ticul> ideal appeals4 ,_! organization 0 q in=mal1 a common purpose held !m toge!r4 ,mo/ ( ! p :o h writt5 to me to call !mselves ,new ,republicans are ,i f9d also ,imp]iali/s & ,t>iff ,re=m]s1 & ,i suppose t among ! prom95t political figures ( to-day ! ne>e/ approa* to my ,new ,republicans is ,"l ,miln] & ! ,sociali/-,unioni/s ( 8 gr\p4 ,x is a type h>%ly con/ructive1 incl9$ to an unscrupul\s pose & slipp+ readily into a ,kipl+esque brutality4 ,! ,samurai on ! o!r h& 7 m picturesque figures1 ) a mu* m elaborat$ organization4 ,i may p]haps recapitulate ! po9ts ab\t t ,ord] "h4 ,9 ! 8,mod]n ,utopia0 ! visitor f e>? rem>ks3-- 8,^! ,samurai =m ! real body ( ! ,/ate4 ,all ?is "t t ,i h sp5t go+ to & fro 9 ?is planet1 x has be5 gr[+ ^u me t ?is ord] ( m5 & wom51 we>+ su* a uni=m z y we>1 & ) faces /r5g!n$ by discipl9e & t\*$ ) devotion1 is ! ,utopian reality2 t b = !m ! :ole fabric ( ^! fair appe>ances w\ld crumble & t>ni%1 %r9k & %rivel1 until at la/1 back ,i %\ld be amid/ ! grime & disord]s ( ! life ( e>?4 ,tell me ab\t ^! ,samurai1 :o rem9d me ( ,plato's gu>dians1 :o look l ,knight ,templ>s1 :o be> a "n t recalls ! swordsm5 ( ,japan4 ,:at are !y8 ,are !y an h]$it>y ca/1 a specially educat$ ord]1 an elect$ class8 ,=1 c]ta9ly1 ?is _w turns ^u !m z a door ^u its h+es40 ,8 in=mant expla9s3-- 8,practically ! :ole ( ! responsible rule ( ! _w is 9 _! h&s2 all our head tea*]s & discipl9>y heads ( colleges1 our judges1 b>ri/]s1 employ]s ( lab\r beyond a c]ta9 limit1 practis+ m$ical m51 legislators1 mu/ be ,samurai1 & all ! executive committees & s =?1 t play s l>ge a "p 9 our affairs1 are drawn by lot exclusively f !m4 ,! ord] is n h]$it>y--we "k j en\gh ( biology & ! unc]ta9ties ( inh]itance to "k h[ silly t w\ld be--& x does n require an e>ly consecration or novitiate or c]emonies & initiations ( t sort4 ,! ,samurai are1 9 fact1 volunte]s4 ,any intellig5t adult 9 a reasonably heal?y & effici5t /ate may1 at any age aft] five & tw5ty1 become "o ( ! ,samurai & take a h& 9 ! univ]sal control40 8,provid$ he foll[s ! ,rule40 8,precisely--provid$ he foll[s ! ,rule40 8,i h he>d ! phrase1 #8volunt>y nobility4'0 8,t 0 ! idea ( our ,f\nd]s4 ,!y made a noble & privileg$ ord]--op5 to ! :ole _w4 ,no "o c\ld compla9 ( an unju/ exclusion1 = ! only ?+ t c\ld exclude !m f ! ord] 0 unwill+ness or inability to foll[ ! ,rule4 8,! ,rule aims to exclude ! dull & base altoge!r1 to discipl9e ! impulses & emotions1 to develop a moral habit & su/a9 a man 9 p]iods ( /ress1 fatigue & temptation1 to produce ! maximum co-op]ation ( all m5 ( good-int5t1 & 9 fact to keep all ! ,samurai 9 a /ate ( moral & bodily heal? & effici5cy4 ,x does z mu* ( ?is z well z x c1 b ( c\rse1 l all g5]al propositions1 x does n d x 9 any case ) absolute precision4 ,,at ,,fir/ ,,9 ,,! ,,militant ,,days1 ,,x ,,0 ,a ,,trifle ,,h>d ,,& ,,uncompromis+2 ,,x ,,_h ,,r ,,too ,,/rong ,,an ,,appeal ,,to ,,! ,,moral ,,prig ,,& ,,! ,,h>%ly ,,righte\s ,,man1 b x has und]gone1 & /ill und]goes1 revision & expansion1 & e ye> x becomes a little bett] adapt$ to ! ne$ ( a g5]al rule ( life t all m5 may try to foll[4 ,we h n[ a :ole lit]ature ) _m v f9e ?+s 9 x1 writt5 ab\t ! ,rule4 8,! ,rule consi/s ( ?ree p>ts2 !re is ! li/ ( ?+s t qualify1 ! li/ ( ?+s t mu/ n be done1 & ! li/ ( ?+s t mu/ be done4 ,qualification exacts a little ex]tion z evid5ce ( good fai? & x is design$ to we$ out ! dull] dull & _m ( ! base40 ,he goes on to tell ( c]ta9 intellectual qualifications & discipl9es4 8,next to ! intellectual qualification comes ! physical1 ! man mu/ be 9 s\nd heal?1 free f c]ta9 f\l1 avoidable & demoraliz+ diseases1 & 9 good tra9+4 ,we reject m5 :o are fat1 or ?91 or flabby1 or ^: n]ves are %aky--we ref] !m back to tra9+4 ,& f9ally ! man or woman mu/ be fully adult40 8,tw5ty-"o8 ,b y said tw5ty-five60 8,! age has v>i$4 ,at fir/ x 0 tw5ty-five or ov]2 !n ! m9imum became tw5ty-five = m5 & tw5ty-"o = wom54 ,n[ !re is a feel+ t x ought to be rais$4 ,we don't want to take advantage ( m]e boy & girl emotions--m5 ( my way ( ?9k+1 at any rate1 don't--we want to get our ,samurai ) exp]i5ces1 ) settl$ mature conviction4 ,our hygi5e & regim5 are rapidly pu%+ back old age & dea?1 & keep+ m5 hale & he>ty to eighty & m4 ,!re's no ne$ to hurry ! "y4 ,let !m h a *ance ( w9e1 love & song2 let !m feel ! bite ( full-blood$ desire1 & "k :at devils !y h to reckon )444 8,we =bid a good deal4 ,_m small pleasures d no great h>m1 b we ?9k x well to =bid !m none ! less1 s t we c we$ out ! self-indulg5t4 ,we ?9k t a con/ant resi/ance to little s$uctions is good = a man's quality4 ,at any rate1 x %[s t a man is prep>$ to pay some?+ = 8 hon\r & privileges4 ,we prescribe a regim5 ( food1 =bid tobacco1 w9e1 or any alcoholic dr9k1 all n>cotic drugs444 8,orig9ally ! ,samurai 7 =bidd5 usury1 t is to say1 ! l5d+ ( money at fix$ rates ( int]e/4 ,!y are /ill "u t int]diction1 b s9ce our comm]cial code practically prev5ts usury altoge!r1 & our law w n recognize contracts = int]e/ ^u private accommodation loans to unprosp]\s borr[]s10 7he is speak+ ( ,utopia71 8x is n[ sc>cely necess>y4 ,! idea ( a man gr[+ ri*] by m]e inaction & at ! exp5se ( an impov]i%$ debtor is pr(\ndly di/a/eful to ,utopian ideas1 & our ,/ate insi/s pretty effectually n[ ^u ! p>ticipation ( ! l5d] 9 ! borr[]'s risks4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only "o "p ( a s]ies ( limitations ( ! same "*4 ,x is felt t to buy simply 9 ord] to sell aga9 br+s out _m unsocial human qualities2 x makes a man seek to enhance pr(its & falsify values1 & s ! ,samurai are =bidd5 to buy or sell on _! own acc\nt or = any employ] save ! ,/ate1 unless by "s process ( manufacture !y *ange ! nature ( ! commodity 7a m]e *ange 9 bulk or pack+ does n suffice71 & !y are =bidd5 salesman%ip & all its arts4 ,nor may ! ,samurai d p]sonal s]vices1 except 9 ! matt] ( m$ic9e or surg]y2 !y may n be b>b]s1 = example1 nor inn wait]s nor boot clean]s1 m5 d su* s]vices = !mselves4 ,nor may a man "u ! ,rule be any man's s]vant1 pl$g$ to d :atev] he is told4 ,he may nei!r be a s]vant nor keep "o2 he mu/ %ave & dress & s]ve himself1 c>ry 8 own food f ! help]'s place1 r$d 8 sleep+ room & leave x clean4440 ,f9ally came ! ?+s !y _h to d4 ,_! ,rule conta9$3-- 8_m precise directions reg>d+ 8 heal?1 & rules t w\ld aim at once at heal? & t con/ant ex]cise or w t makes life good4 ,save 9 specifi$ exceptional circum/ances1 ! ,samurai mu/ ba! 9 cold wat] & ! m5 %ave e day2 !y h ! precise/ directions 9 su* matt]s2 ! body mu/ be 9 heal?1 ! sk9 & n]ves & muscles 9 p]fect tone1 or ! ,samurai mu/ g to ! doctors ( ! ord] & give implicit ob$i5ce to ! regim5 prescrib$4 ,!y mu/ sleep alone at lea/ f\r nights 9 five2 & !y mu/ eat ) & talk to anyone 9 _! fell[%ip :o c>es = _! conv]sation = an h\r at lea/1 at ! ne>e/ club-h\se ( ! ,samurai1 once on ?ree *os5 days 9 e week4 ,moreov] !y mu/ read al\d f ! ,book ( ! ,samurai = at lea/ five m9utes e day4 ,e mon? !y mu/ buy & read fai?fully ?r\gh at lea/ "o book t has be5 publi%$ dur+ ! pa/ five ye>s1 & ! only int]v5tion ) private *oice 9 t matt] is ! prescription ( a c]ta9 m9imum ( l5g? = ! mon?ly book or books4 ,b ! full rule 9 ^! m9or compulsory matt]s is volum9\s & detail$1 & x ab\nds ) alt]natives4 ,its aim is r to keep be=e ! ,samurai by a numb] ( simple duties1 z x 71 ! ne$ ( & "s ( ! *ief me?ods t[>ds heal? ( body & m9d r ?an to provide a compreh5sive rule1 & to ensure ! ma9t5ance ( a community ( feel+ & int]e/s among ! ,samurai ?r\gh habit1 int]c\rse & a liv+ contempor>y lit]ature4 ,^! m9or obligations d n e>m>k m ?an an h\r 9 ! day4 ,yet !y s]ve to break d[n isolations ( sympa?y1 all sorts ( physical & intellectual sluggi%ness & ! developm5t ( unsocial preoccupations ( _m sorts444 8,s f> z ! ,samurai h a purpose 9 common 9 ma9ta9+ ! ,/ate & ! ord] & discipl9e ( ! _w1 s f>1 by _! discipl9e & d5ial1 by _! public "w & ef=t1 !y wor%ip ,god toge!r4 ,b ! ultimate f\nt ( motives lies 9 ! individual life1 x lies 9 sil5t & delib]ate reflections1 & at ?is ! mo/ /rik+ ( all ! rules ( ! ,samurai aims4 ,= sev5 consecutive days ( ! ye>1 at lea/1 ea* man or woman "u ! ,rule mu/ g "r out ( all ! life ( m5 into "s wild & solit>y place1 mu/ speak to no man or woman & h no sort ( int]c\rse ) mank9d4 ,!y mu/ g bookless & weaponless1 )\t p5 or pap] or money4 ,provision mu/ be tak5 = ! p]iod ( ! j\rney1 a rug or sleep+ sack--= !y mu/ sleep "u ! op5 sky--b no means ( mak+ a fire4 ,!y may /udy maps be=e to guide !m1 %[+ any difficulties & dang]s 9 ! j\rney1 b !y may n c>ry su* helps4 ,!y mu/ n g by beat5 ways or :]ev] !re are inhabit$ h\ses1 b into ! b>e1 quiet places ( ! globe--! regions set ap>t = !m4 8,?is discipl9e 0 inv5t$ to secure a c]ta9 /\tness ( he>t & body 9 ! ,samurai4 ,o!rwise ! ord] might h la9 op5 to too _m timor\s1 m]ely ab/emi\s m5 & wom54 ,_m ?+s _h be5 sugge/$1 sword-play & te/s t v]g$ on torture1 climb+ 9 giddy places & ! l1 be=e ?is 0 *os54 ,p>tly1 x is to ensure good tra9+ & /urd9ess ( body & m9d1 b p>tly also1 x is to draw ! m9ds ( ! ,samurai = a space f ! insi/5t details ( life1 f ! intricate argum5ts & ! frett+ ef=t to "w1 f p]sonal qu>rels & p]sonal affections & ! ?+s ( ! heat$ room4 ,out !y mu/ g1 clean out ( ! _w4440 ,^! passages w at lea/ s]ve to pres5t ! ,samurai idea & ! idea ( common ,rule ( conduct x embodi$4 ,9 ! 8,mod]n ,utopia0 ,i discuss also a less] ,rule & ! modification ( ! ,rule = wom5 & ! relation to ! ord] ( :at ,i call ! poietic types1 ^? types ^: bus9ess 9 life seems to be r to exp]i5ce & express ?an to act & effectually d4 ,= ^? ?+s ,i mu/ ref] ! read] to ! book itself4 ,toge!r ) a s5t5ce ,i h put 9 italics above1 !y s]ve to %[ t ev5 :5 ,i 0 devis+ ^! ,samurai ,i 0 n unm9dful ( ! defects t are ess5tial to su* a s*eme4 ,?is dream ( ! ,samurai prov$ attractive to a mu* m v>i\s gr\p ( read]s ?an ! ,new ,republican sugge/ion1 & !re h be5 actual attempts to realise ! way ( life propos$4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! cases !re 0 manife/ a disposition greatly to ov]-acc5tuate organization1 to make too mu* ( ! discipl9>y side ( ! ,rule & to =get ! entire subord9ation ( su* ?+s to active ?\ght & con/ructive ef=t4 ,!y are valuable & inde$ only ju/ifiable z a means to an end4 ,^! attempts ( a numb] ( p ( v miscellane\s orig9s & social traditions to come toge!r & "w l "o ma*9e made ! ess5tial wa/efulness ( any t]re/rial realization ( my ,samurai v cle>4 ,! only reason = su* an ,ord] is ! economy & developm5t ( =ce1 & "u exi/+ conditions discipl9es w\ld consume m =ce ?an !y w\ld eng5d]4 ,! ,ord]1 s f> f be+ a p[]1 w\ld be an isolation4 ,manife/ly ! elem5ts ( organization & uni=mity 7 ov]done 9 my ,utopia2 9 ?is matt] ,i 0 ne>] ! tru? 9 ! case ( my ,new ,republicans4 ,^!1 9 contra/ ) ! ,samurai1 _h no =mal g5]al organization1 !y work$ = a common end1 because _! m9ds & ! sugge/ion ( _! circum/ances po9t$ !m to a common end4 ,no?+ 0 en=c$ ^u !m 9 ! way ( obs]vance or discipl9e4 ,!y 7 n %eph]d$ & tra9$ toge!r1 !y came toge!r4 ,x 0 assum$ t if !y want$ /rongly !y w\ld see to x t !y liv$ 9 ! mann] mo/ conducive to _! end j z 9 all ?is book ,i am tak+ x = grant$ t to believe truly is to want to d "r4 ,x 0 n ev5 requir$ ( !m t !y %\ld s$ul\sly propagate _! con/ructive idea4 ,ap>t f ! illum9ation ( my ideas by ^! exp]im5ts & proposals1 my ,samurai idea has also _h a q unm]it$ am\nt ( subtle & able criticism f p :o f\nd x at once int]e/+ & antipa!tic4 ,my fri5ds ,v]non ,lee & ,g4,k4 ,*e/]ton1 = example1 h criticiz$ x1 & ,i ?9k v ju/ly1 on ! gr\nd t ! inv9cible tortu\sness ( human pride & class-feel+ w\ld inevitably vitiate its work+4 ,all its discipl9es w\ld t5d to give its memb]s a s5se ( di/9ctness1 w\ld t5d to syndicate p[] & rob x ( any intimacy & sympa?y ) ^? outside ! ,ord]444 ,x seems to me n[ t anyone :o %>es ! fai? ,i h be5 develop+ 9 ?is book w see ! value ( ^! comm5ts & recognize ) me t ?is dream is a dream2 ! ,samurai are j "o m picture ( ! ,p]fect ,knight1 an ideal ( clean1 resolute & balanc$ liv+4 ,!y may be valuable z an ideal ( attitude b n z an ideal ( organization4 ,!y are nev] to be put1 z p say1 ^u a bus9ess foot+ & made available z a refuge f ! individual problem4 ,to mod]nize ! p>able1 ! ,believ] mu/ n only n bury 8 tal5t b he mu/ n bank x ) an organization4 ,ea* ,believ] mu/ decide = himself h[ f> he wants to be k9etic or effici5t1 h[ f> he ne$s a /r+5t rule ( conduct1 h[ f> he is poietic & may loit] & adv5ture among ! co>se & dang]\s ?+s ( life4 ,!re is no reason :y "o %\ld n1 & !re is e reason :y "o %\ld1 discuss "o's p]sonal ne$s & habits & discipl9es & elaborate "o's way ( life ) ^? ab\t "o1 & =m p]haps ) ^? ( l tra9+ & cong5ial temp]am5t small gr\ps = mutual support4 ,t sort ( association ,i h already discuss$ 9 ! previ\s section4 ,) adolesc5t p 9 p>ticul> su* association is 9 _m cases an almo/ in/9ctive necessity4 ,!re is no reason moreov] :y ev]yone :o is lonely %\ld n seek out cong5ial m9ds & contrive a gr\p+ ) !m4 ,all mutual lov]s = example are ,ord]s ( a limit$ memb]%ip1 _m m>ri$ c\ples & endless cliques & sets are t4 ,su* small & natural associations are inde$ =ce-giv+ ,ord]s because !y are br\ght toge!r by a common innate disposition out ( a possibility ( mutual assi/ance & inspiration2 !y obs]ve a ,rule t spr+s up & n a ,rule impos$4 ,! m ( su* gr\ps & ,ord]s we h ! bett]4 ,i d n see :y hav+ =m$ !mselves !y %\ld n def9e & organize !mselves4 ,i believe !re is a phase some:]e betwe5 fifte5 & ?irty1 9 ! life ( ne>ly ev]ybody1 :5 su* a gr\p is s\ght1 is ne$$ & w\ld be helpful 9 self-developm5t & self-discov]y4 ,9 leagues & societies = specific ends1 too1 we mu/ all p>ticipate4 ,b ! ord] ( ! ,samurai z a great progressive =ce controll+ a multitude ( lives "r d[n to _! intimate details & ?r\gh all ! phases ( p]sonal developm5t is a ?+ unrealizable4 ,to seek to realize x is impati5ce4 ,true bro!rhood is univ]sal bro!rhood4 ,! way to t is long & toilsome1 b x is a way t p]mits ( no su* en]getic %ort cuts z ?is militant ord] ( my dream w\ld a*ieve4 #c4ab4 ,,conc]n+ ,,new ,,/>ts ,,& ,,new ,,religions4 ,:5 "o is discuss+ ?is possible =mation ( cults & bro!rhoods1 x may be well to consid] a few ( ! conditions t rule su* human re-gr\p+s4 ,we live 9 ! _w z x is & n 9 ! _w z we want x to be1 t is ! practical rule by :i* we /e]1 & 9 direct+ our lives we mu/ con/antly consid] ! =ces & practicabilities ( ! social m$ium 9 :i* we move4 ,9 contempor>y life ! exi/+ ties are s v>i\s & s imp]ative t ! deta*m5t necess>y z a prelim9>y condition to su* new gr\p+s is r>ely f\nd4 ,?is is n a p]iod 9 :i* l>ge numb]s ( p break away easily & completely f old connexions4 ,?+s *ange less cata/rophically ?an once !y did4 ,m p>ticul>ly is !re less driv+ out into ! wild]ness4 ,!re is less h]esy hunt+2 p]secution is frequ5tly reluctant & c be evad$ by slight concessions4 ,! _w z a :ole is less h>% & emphatic ?an x 04 ,cu/oms & cu/om>y attitudes *ange n[adays n s mu* by op51 defiant & revolution>y brea*es z by ! attrition ( p>tial neglig5ces & new glosses4 ,innovat+ p d con=m to curr5t usage1 albeit !y con=m unwill+ly & imp]fectly4 ,!re is a con/ant break+ d[n & build+ up ( usage1 & z a consequ5ce a less5$ ne$ ( :olesale sub/itutions4 ,human me?ods h become vivip>\s2 ! ,new n[adays lives = a "t 9 ! =m ( ! ,old4 ,! fri5d ,i quote 9 ,*apt] #b4aj writes ( a possible sect ) a 8religi\s edifice0 & ritual ( its own1 a new religi\s edifice & a new ritual4 ,9 practice ,i d\bt :e!r 8real0 p1 p :o matt]1 p :o are gett+ ?+s done & :o h already develop$ complex associations1 c af=d ! ext5sive re-adju/m5t impli$ 9 su* a new gr\p+4 ,x w\ld mean too mu* loss ( "t1 too mu* loss ( en]gy & att5tion1 too mu* sacrifice ( exi/+ co-op]ations4 ,new cults1 new religions1 new organizations ( all sorts1 insi/+ ^u _! novelty & diff]5ce1 are mo/ prolific & mo/ successful :]ev] !re is an abundant supply ( dissociat$ p1 :]e movem5t is 9 excess ( delib]ation1 & cre$s & =mulae unyield+ & unadaptable because !y are un?9k+4 ,9 ,engl&1 = example1 9 ! la/ c5tury1 :]e social conditions h be5 comp>atively /able1 discussion good & abundant & int]nal migration small1 !re h be5 f> few] su* developm5ts ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,9 ,engl& tol]ation has become an in/itution1 & :]e ,tory & ,sociali/1 ,bi%op & ,infidel1 c all meet at ! same d9n]-table & sp5d an agreeable week-end toge!r1 !re is no ne$ = def5sive segregations4 ,9 su* an atmosph]e op9ion & usage *ange & *ange cont9ually1 n dramatically z ! results ( sep>ations & pit*$ battles b cont9u\sly & flu5tly z ! outcome ( innum]able p]sonal reactions4 ,am]ica1 on ! o!r h&1 because ( its mat]ial preoccupations1 because ( ! disp]sal ( its ?9k+ classes ov] great areas1 because ( ! crud] und]/&+ ( its m het]og5e\s population 7:i* con/antly r5d]s h>d & explicit /atem5t necess>y71 ,,means its cre$s mu* m lit]ally & is at once m exp]im5tal & less compromis+ & tol]ant4 ,x is !re if any:]e t new bro!rhoods & new cre$s w cont9ue to appe>4 ,b ev5 9 ,am]ica ,i ?9k ! tr5d ( ?+s is away f sep>ations & segregations & new />ts1 & t[>ds m compreh5sive & graduat$ me?ods ( developm5t4 ,new religions1 ,i ?9k1 appe> & are possible & necess>y 9 phases ( social disorganization1 9 phases :5 consid]able numb]s ( p are deta*$ f old sy/ems ( direction & unsettl$ & di/ress$4 ,s1 at any rate1 x 0 ,*ri/ianity appe>$1 9 a /ra9$ & di/urb$ community1 9 ! cla% ( ,roman & ,ori5tal ?\ght1 & = a long "t x 0 conf9$ to ! drift+ population ( seaports & great cities & to weal?y virg9s & wid[s1 rea*+ ! mo/ settl$ & mo/ adju/$ class1 ! pagani1 la/ ( all & 9 its mo/ adaptable =ms4 ,x 0 ! greate/ new beg9n+ 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 & ! weal? ( political & lit]>y & social & arti/ic traditions x ab&on$ _h subsequ5tly to be reviv$ & assimilat$ to x fragm5t by fragm5t f ! pa/ x _h subm]g$4 ,n[1 ,i d n see t ! _w to-day pres5ts any fair p>allelism to t s]e age ( /resses 9 ^: reca/+ ,*ri/ianity play$ ! "p ( a flux4 ,ours is on ! :ole an organiz+ & syn!tic r ?an a dis9tegrat+ phase ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,old in/itutions are nei!r h>d nor ob/9ate to-day1 & ! imm5se & v>i\s con/ructive =ces at "w are saturat$ n[ ) ! conception ( evolution1 ( secul> progressive developm5t1 z oppos$ to ! revolution>y idea4 ,only a v va/ & t]rible w> explosion c1 ,i ?9k1 *ange ?is /ate ( affairs4 ,?is conveys 9 g5]al t]ms1 at lea/1 my int]pretation ( ! pres5t "t1 & x is 9 accordance ) ?is view t ! _w is mov+ =w>d z a :ole & ) mu* disp]s$ & discrepant rightness1 t ,i d n want to g ap>t f ! _w z a :ole into any small] community1 ) all ! implication ( an exclusive possession ( "r :i* su* a go+ ap>t involves4 ,put to ! te/ by my own ,samurai = example by a p>ticul>ly urg5t & en?usia/ic discipl9e1 ,i f\nd ,i did n 9 ! lea/ want to be "o ( t organization1 t x only express$ "o side ( a mu* m complex self ?an its discipl9es p]mitt$4 ,& /ill less d ,i want to hamp] ! play ( my ?\ghts & motives by go+ ap>t into ! p>ticul>ism ( a new religion4 ,su* refuges are well en\gh :5 ! times ?reat5 to ov]:elm "o4 ,! po9t ab\t ! pres5t age1 s f> z ,i am able to judge ! _w1 is t x does n ?reat5 to ov]:elm2 t at ! wor/1 by my /&>ds1 x ma9ta9s its way ( ?9k+ in/ead ( assimilat+ m9e4 #c4ac4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,n[ all ?is leads v directly to a discussion ( ! relations ( a p]son ( my way ( ?9k+ to ! ,*ur* & religi\s in/itutions g5]ally4 ,i h already discuss$ my relation to commonly accept$ beliefs1 b ! "q ( in/itutions is1 x seems to me1 a diff]5t "o altoge!r4 ,n to realize t1 to confuse a *ur* ) its cre$1 is to prep>e ! gr\nd = a mass ( disa/r\s & life-wa/+ errors4 ,n[ my rules ( conduct are bas$ on ! supposition t moral decisions are to be det]m9$ by ! belief t ! individual life guid$ by its p]ception ( beauty is incid5tal1 exp]im5tal1 & contributory to ! undy+ life ( ! blood & race4 ,i h decid$ = myself t ! g5]al bus9ess ( life is ! developm5t ( a collective consci\sness & w & purpose out ( a *aos ( individual consci\snesses & wills & purposes1 & t ! way to t is ?r\gh ! developm5t ( ! ,sociali/ ,/ate1 ?r\gh ! socialization ( exi/+ ,/ate organizations & _! m]g] ( pacific association 9 a ,_w ,/ate4 ,b s f> ,i h n tak5 up ! collat]al aspect ( ! syn!sis ( human consci\sness1 ! developm5t ( collective feel+ & will+ & expression 9 ! =m1 among o!rs1 ( religi\s in/itutions4 ,religi\s in/itutions are ?+s to be legitimately di/+ui%$ f ! cre$s & cosmogonies ) :i* "o f9ds !m associat$4 ,cu/oms are f> m endur+ ?+s ?an ideas1--witness ! mi/letoe at ,*ri/mas1 or ! old lady turn+ h] money 9 h] pocket at ! sight ( ! new moon4 ,& ! exact orig9 ( a religi\s in/itution is ( mu* less significance to u ?an its pres5t effect4 ,! !ory ( a religion may propose ! atta9m5t ( ,nirvana or ! propitiation ( an irascible ,deity or a doz5 o!r ?+s z its end & aim2 ! practical fact is t x draws toge!r great multitudes ( div]se individualiz$ p 9 a common solemnity & self-subord9ation h[ev] vague1 & is s f>1 l ! ,/ate1 & 9 a mann] f> m intimate & emotional & fundam5tal ?an ! ,/ate1 a syn!tic p[]4 ,& 9 p>ticul>1 ! idea ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is *>g$ ) syn!tic sugge/ion2 x is 9 _m ways an idea broad] & f9] ?an ! con/ructive idea ( any exi/+ ,/ate4 ,& j z ! ,beliefs ,i h adopt$ lead me to reg>d myself z 9 & ( ! exi/+ ,/ate1 su* z x is1 & work+ = its rectification & developm5t1 s ,i ?9k !re is a reasonable case = consid]+ oneself 9 & ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & b\nd to "w = its rectification & developm5t2 & ?is 9 spite ( ! fact t "o may n feel ju/ifi$ 9 call+ oneself a ,*ri/ian 9 any s5se ( ! t]m4 ,x may be ma9ta9$ v plausibly t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is some?+ great] ?an ,*ri/ianity1 h[ev] mu* ! ,*ri/ians may h contribut$ to its mak+4 ,f ! hi/orical po9t ( view x is a religi\s & social me?od t develop$ ) ! lat] developm5t ( ! _w empire ( ,rome & z ! expression ( its moral & spiritual side4 ,its head 01 & s f> z its ma9 body is conc]n$ /ill is1 ! pontifex maximus ( ! ,roman _w empire1 an (ficial :o 0 p]=m+ sacrifices c5turies be=e ,*ri/ 0 born4 ,x is easy to ass]t t ! ,empire 0 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity & submitt$ to its t]re/rial lead]1 ! bi%op ( ,rome2 x is q equally plausible to say t ! religi\s organization ( ! ,empire adopt$ ,*ri/ianity & s made ,rome1 :i* _h hi!rto _h no priority ov] ,j]usalem or ,antio* 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! headqu>t]s ( ! adopt$ cult4 ,& if ! ,*ri/ian movem5t c\ld take ov] & assimilate ! pre/ige1 ! _w pr$om9ance & sacrificial conception ( ! pontifex maximus & g on ) t z "p at any rate ( ! basis ( a univ]sal ,*ur*1 x is manife/ t n[ 9 ! fulness ( "t ?is great organization1 aft] its accumulation ( ,*ri/ian tradition1 may conceivably g on /ill fur!r to alt] & broad5 its tea*+ & obs]vances & =mulae4 ,9 a s5se no d\bt all we mod]ns are b\nd to consid] ourselves *ildr5 ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 albeit critical & innovat+ *ildr5 ) a t5d5cy to h>k back to our ,greek gr&p>5ts2 we _c deta* ourselves absolutely f ! ,*ur* )\t at ! same "t deta*+ ourselves f ! ma9 process ( spiritual syn!sis t has made u :at we are4 ,& !re is a /rong case = suppos+ t n only is ?is reasonable = u :o live 9 ! tradition ( ,we/]n ,europe1 b t we are legitimately entitl$ to call ^u extra ,european peoples to jo9 ) u 9 t attitude ( filiation to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* s9ce1 outside x1 !re is no organization :atev] aim+ at a religi\s ca?olicity & pr(ess+ or attempt+ to =mulate a collective religi\s consci\sness 9 ! _w4 ,s f> z !y come to a conception ( a human syn!sis !y come to x by com+ into our tradition4 ,i write "h ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* z an idea4 ,to come f t idea to ! _w ( pres5t realities is to come to a tangle ( difficulties4 ,is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* m]ely ! ,roman communion or does x include ! ,greek & ,prote/ant ,*ur*es8 ,"s ( ^! bodies are decl>$ly diss5ti5t1 "s claim to be integral portions ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* :i* h prote/$ aga9/ & ab&on$ c]ta9 errors ( ! c5tral organization4 ,i admit x becomes a v confus+ riddle 9 su* a c\ntry z ,engl& to det]m9e :i* is ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 :e!r x is ! body :i* possesses & adm9i/]s ,cant]bury ,ca!dral & ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 or ! bodies claim+ to repres5t pur] & f9] or m au!ntic & au?oritative =ms ( ,ca?olic tea*+ :i* h erect$ t new ,byzant9e-look+ ca!dral 9 ,we/m9/]1 or ,:itfield's ,tab]nacle 9 ! ,tott5ham ,c\rt ,road1 or a hundr$ or s o!r organiz$ & indep5d5t bodies4 ,x is /ill m p]plex+ to settle ^u ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica among an imm5se confusion ( sect>ian fragm5ts4 ,_m p1 ,i "k1 take refuge f ! /ruggle ) ?is tangle ( controv]sies by refus+ to recognize any in/itutions :atev] z repres5t+ ! ,*ur*4 ,!y assume a my/ical ,*ur* made up ( all true believ]s1 ( all m5 & wom5 ( good int5t1 :atev] _! =mulae or connexion4 ,:]ev] !re is wor%ip1 !re1 !y say1 is a fragm5t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,all & none ( ^! bodies are ! true ,*ur*4 ,?is is no d\bt pr(\ndly true4 ,x gives some?+ l a work+ assumption = ! ne$s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,p c get along ^u t4 ,b x does n exhau/ ! "q4 ,we seek a real & und]/&+ syn!sis4 ,we want a real collectivism1 n a poetical idea2 a means :]eby m5 & wom5 ( all sorts1 all k9ds ( humanity1 may pray toge!r1 s+ toge!r1 /& side by side1 feel ! same wave ( emotion1 develop a collective be+4 ,d\btless "r-spirit$ m5 are pray+ n[ at a ?\s& discrepant alt>s4 ,b = ! mo/ "p ^? :o pray imag9e ^? o!rs :o d n pray beside !m are 9 error1 !y d n "k _! common bro!rhood & salvation4 ,_! bro!rhood is mask$ by unanalyzable diff]5ces2 !irs is a disp]s$ collectivism2 _! *ur*es are only a little m ext5sive ?an _! individualities & int5s] 9 _! collective sep>ations4 ,! true ,*ur* t[>ds :i* my own ?\ghts t5d w be ! consci\s illum9at$ expression ( ,ca?olic bro!rhood4 ,x mu/1 ,i ?9k1 develop out ( ! exi/+ m$ley ( ,*ur* fragm5ts & out ( all t is wor?y 9 our poetry & lit]ature1 j z ! worldwide ,sociali/ ,/ate at :i* ,i aim mu/ develop out ( su* /ate & casual economic organizations & con/ructive movem5ts z exi/ to-day4 ,!re is no 8beg9n+ aga90 9 ^! ?+s4 ,9 nei!r case w go+ ap>t out ( exi/+ organizations secure our ends4 ,out ( :at is1 we h to develop :at has to be4 ,to "w = ! ,re=mation ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is an integral "p ( ! duty ( a believ]4 ,x is curi\s h[ mislead+ a ^w c be4 ,we speak ( a c]ta9 phase 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity z ! ,re=mation1 & t ^w effectually conceals f mo/ p ! simple indisputable fact t !re has be5 no ,re=mation4 ,!re 0 an attempt at a ,re=mation 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ?r\gh a v>iety ( causes x fail$4 ,x deta*$ great masses f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & left t organization impov]i%$ intellectually & spiritually1 b x a*iev$ no recon/ruction at all4 ,x a*iev$ no recon/ruction because ! movem5t z a :ole lack$ an adequate grasp ( "o fundam5tally necess>y idea1 ! idea ( ,ca?olicity4 ,x fell into p>ticul>ism & fail$4 ,x set up a va/ process ( fragm5tation among ,*ri/ian associations4 ,x drove huge fissures ?r\gh ! once common plat=m4 ,9 innum]able cases !y 7 fissures ( organization & prejudice r ?an real diff]5ces 9 belief & m5tal habit4 ,sometimes x 0 manife/ly conflict+ mat]ial int]e/s t made ! split4 ,p are n[ divid$ by =gott5 po9ts ( diff]5ce1 by sides tak5 by _! pr$ecessors 9 ! disputes ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 by m]e sect>ian names & ! walls ( sep>ate meet+ places4 ,9 ! pres5t "t1 z a result ( ! diss5t+ me?od1 !re are multitudes ( believ+ m5 scatt]$ q solit>ily ?r\gh ! _w4 ,! ,re=mation1 ! ,recon/ruction ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* lies /ill be=e u4 ,x is a necess>y "w4 ,x is a "w /rictly p>allel to ! re=mation & expansion ( ! organiz$ ,/ate4 ,toge!r1 ^! processes con/itute ! g5]al duty be=e mank9d4 #c4ad4 ,,( ,,secession4 ,! :ole tr5d ( my ?\ght 9 matt]s ( conduct is aga9/ :atev] acc5tuates "o's individual sep>ation f ! collective consci\sness4 ,x foll[s naturally f my fundam5tal cre$ t avoidable sil5ces & secrecy are s9s1 j z ab/95ces are 9 !mselves s9s r ?an virtues4 ,& s ,i ?9k t to leave any organization or human association except = a wid] & l>g] association1 to deta* oneself 9 ord] to g alone1 or to g ap>t n>r[ly ) j a few1 is fragm5tation & s94 ,ev5 if "o disagrees ) ! pr(essions or =mulae or usages ( an association1 "o %\ld be sure t ! disagreem5t is suffici5tly pr(\nd to ju/ify "o's secession1 & 9 any case ( d\bt1 "o %\ld rema94 ,i c\nt s*ism a grav] s9 ?an h]esy4 ,no pr(ession ( fai?1 no =mula1 no usage c be p]fect4 ,x is only requir$ t x %\ld be possible4 ,m p>ticul>ly does ?is apply to *ur*es & religi\s organizations4 ,!re nev] 0 a cre$ nor a religi\s decl>ation b admitt$ ( a wide v>iety ( int]pretations & impli$ bo? m & less ?an x express$4 ,! p$antically consci5ti\s man1 9 8 se>* = an unblemi%$ religi\s bro!rhood1 has t5d$ always to a solitude ( univ]sal diss5t4 ,9 ! religi\s z 9 ! economic sph]e "o mu/ n look = p]fect conditions4 ,sett+ up = oneself 9 a new sect is l f\nd+ ,utopias 9 ,p>aguay1 an evasion ( ! ess5tial "q2 our real bus9ess is to take :at we h1 live 9 & by x1 use x & d our be/ to bett] su* faults z are manife/ to u1 9 ! direction ( a wid] & nobl] organization4 ,if y d n agree ) ! *ur* 9 :i* y f9d y\rself1 y\r be/ c\rse is to become a re=m] ,,9 t *ur*1 to decl>e x a deta*$ =getful "p ( ! great] *ur* t ought to be1 j z y\r ,/ate is a deta*$ unawak5$ "p ( ! ,_w ,/ate4 ,y take x at :at x is & try & broad5 x t[>ds reunion4 ,x is only :5 secession is absolutely unavoidable t x is "r to sec$e4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true ( /ate *ur*es su* z is ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,^! are bodies con/itut$ by ! national law & am5able to ! collective w4 ,i d n ?9k a man %\ld consid] himself exclud$ f !m because !y h articles ( religion to :i* he _c subscribe & cre$s he w n say4 ,a national /ate *ur* has no "r to be ?us limit$ & exclusive4 ,r !n let any man1 j to ! v limit t is possible = 8 intellectual or moral temp]am5t1 rema9 9 8 *ur* to r$ress ! balance & d 8 utmo/ to *ange & broad5 x4 ,b p]haps ! ,*ur* w n endure a broad-m9d$ man 9 its body1 speak+ & re=m+1 & w expel him8 ,be expell$--well & good6 ,t is altoge!r diff]5t4 ,let !m expel y1 /ruggl+ valiantly & resolv$ to return s soon z !y release y1 to hamm] at ! door4 ,b )draw+--sulk+--go+ (f 9 a s]5e huff to live by y\rself spiritually & mat]ially 9 y\r own way--t is volunt>y damnation1 ! d5ial ( ! ,bro!rhood ( ,man4 ,be a rebel or a revolution>y to y\r he>t's cont5t1 b a m]e sec$] nev]4 ,= o!rwise x is manife/ t we %all h to pay = ea* /ep ( moral & intellectual progress ) a fre% />t1 ) a conflict betwe5 ! new organization & ! old f :i* x sprang1 a p]petually-recurr+ p>ricide4 ,!re w be a s]ies ( religi\s in/itutions 9 develop+ ord]1 ea* conta9+ ! remnant too dull or too hypocritical to sec$e at ! "t ( /ress t began ! new body4 ,some?+ ( ! sort has inde$ happ5$ to bo? ! ,ca?olic & ! ,engli% ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,we h ! intellectual & moral guidance ( ! p fall+ m & m into ! h&s ( an in=mal ,*ur* ( morally impassion$ lead]s1 writ]s1 speak]s1 & ! l1 :ile ! beautiful ca!drals 9 :i* _! pr$ecessors %elt]$ fall m & m into ! h&s ( an un9spir+1 retrogressive b con=m+ cl]gy4 ,n[ ?is 0 all v well = ! ,individuali/ ,lib]al ( ! ,e>ly ,victorian p]iod1 b ,individuali/ ,lib]alism 0 a m]e de/ructive phase 9 ! process ( r5ew+ ! old ,ca?olic ord]1 a cle>+ up ( ! site4 ,we ,sociali/s want a ,*ur* ?r\gh :i* we c feel & ?9k collectively1 z mu* z we want a ,/ate t we c s]ve & be s]v$ by4 ,:e!r z memb]s or ext]nal critics we h to d our be/ to get rid ( obsolete doctr9al & c]emonial b>ri]s1 s t ! *ur*es may m]ge aga9 9 a univ]sal ,*ur*1 & t ,*ur* compreh5d aga9 ! :ole gr[+ & amplify+ spiritual life ( ! race4 ,i d n "k if ,i make my mean+ p]fectly cle> "h4 ,by con=mity ,i d n mean sil5t con=mity4 ,x is a man's prim>y duty to convey 8 individual diff]5ce to ! m9ds ( 8 fell[ m54 ,x is because ,i want t diff]5ce to tell to ! utmo/ t ,i sugge/ he %\ld n leave ! assembly4 ,b 9 p>ticul> in/ances he may f9d x m /rik+ & significant to /& out & speak z a man deta*$ f ! g5]al p]suasion1 j z ob/ruct$ & emb>rass$ m9i/]s ( ,/ate c be/ s]ve _! c\ntry at times by resign+ (fice & appeal+ to ! public judgm5t by ?is /rik+ & significant act4 #c4ae4 ,a ,,dilemma4 ,we are l$ by ?is discussion ( secession /raight betwe5 ! horns ( a moral dilemma4 ,we h come to two conclusions2 to sec$e is a grave s91 b to lie is also a grave s94 ,b (t5 ! practical alt]native is betwe5 futile secession or implicit or actual falsehood4 ,x has be5 ! in/9ct ( ! aggressive controv]siali/ 9 all ages to seize ^u collective organizations & f5ce !m ab\t ) oa?s & decl>ations ( su* a nature z to b> out anyone n ( 8 own way ( ?9k+4 ,9 a democracy1 = example1 to take an extreme c>icature ( our case1 a triumphant majority 9 p[]1 be=e all[+ anyone to vote1 might impose an oa? :]eby ! lead] ( ! m9ority & all 8 aims 7 specifically r5\nc$4 ,& if no c\ntry goes s f> z t1 ne>ly all c\ntries & all *ur*es make "s su* re/rictions ^u op9ion4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t l& ( ab&on$ & rec$+ fre$oms1 imposes ^u ev]yone :o crosses ! ,atlantic to its %ores a *ildi% ineffectual decl>ation aga9/ an>*y & polygamy4 ,none ( ^! te/s exclude ! unhesitat+ li>1 b !y d b> out _m pr\d & hone/ m9d$ p4 ,!y 8fix0 & kill ?+s t %\ld be liv+ & fluid2 !y are (f5ces aga9/ ! m9d ( ! race4 ,h[ is a man !n to behave t[>ds ^! te/ oa?s & affirmations1 t[>ds repeat+ cre$s1 sign+ ass5t to articles ( religion & ! l8 ,d n ^! unavoidable b>ri]s to public s]vice1 or religi\s "w1 /& on a special foot+8 ,p]sonally ,i ?9k !y d4 ,i ?9k t 9 mo/ cases p]sonal isolation & disuse is ! great] evil4 ,i ?9k if !re is no o!r way to con/ructive s]vice except ?r\gh te/ oa?s & decl>ations1 "o mu/ take !n4 ,?is is a p>ticul> case t /&s ap>t f all o!r cases4 ,! man :o prea*es a s]mon & pret5ds !re9 to any belief he does n truly hold is an abom9able sc\ndrel1 b ,i d n ?9k he ne$ tr\ble 8 s\l v greatly ab\t ! b>ri] he /epp$ ov] to get into ! pulpit1 if he felt ! call to prea*1 s long z ! prea*+ be hone/4 ,a ,republican :o takes ! oa? ( allegiance to ! ,k+ & we>s 8 uni=m is 9 a simil> case4 ,^! ?+s /& ap>t2 !y are s =mal z to be sc>cely m repreh5sible ?an ! falsehood ( call+ a correspond5t 8,de>10 or ask+ a tiresome lady to :om "o is be+ k9d & civil1 = ! pleasure ( danc+ ) h]4 ,we ought to d :at we c to aboli% ^! absurd b>ri]s & petty falsehoods1 b we ought n to commit a social suicide aga9/ !m4 ,t is h[ ,i ?9k & feel 9 ?is matt]1 b if a man sees ! matt] m gravely1 if 8 consci5ce tells him rel5tlessly & uncompromis+ly1 8?is is a lie10 !n x is a lie & he mu/ n be guilty ( x4 ,b !n ,i ?9k x ill becomes him to be sil5tly exclud$4 ,8 "w is to clam\r aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( ! b>ri] t wa/es him4 ,i d n see t ly+ is a fundam5tal s94 ,9 ! fir/ place "s ly+1 t is to say "s unavoidable inaccuracy ( /atem5t1 is necess>y to ne>ly ev]y?+ we d1 & ! true/ /atem5t becomes false if we =get or alt] ! angle at :i* x is made1 ! direction 9 :i* x po9ts4 ,9 ! next ! really fundam5tal & mo/ g5]aliz$ s9 is self-isolation4 ,ly+ is a s9 only because self-isolation is a s91 because x is an effectual way ( cutt+ oneself (f f human co-op]ation4 ,t is :y !re is no s9 9 tell+ a fairy tale to a *ild4 ,b tell+ ! tru? :5 x w be misund]/ood is no :it bett] ?an ly+2 sil5ces are (t5 black] ?an any lies4 ,i class secrets ) lies & _c compreh5d ! moral /&>ds t exon]ate secrecy 9 human affairs4 ,to all ^! ?+s "o mu/ br+ a p]sonal consci5ce & be prep>$ to exam9e p>ticul> cases4 ,! excuses ,i h made1 = example1 = a v broad *ur*man to /ay 9 ! ,*ur* might v well be twi/$ into an excuse = tak+ an oa? 9 some?+ "o did n to ! slighte/ ext5t believe1 9 ord] to ent] & betray "s organization to :i* "o 0 viol5tly ho/ile4 ,i admit t !re may be e gradation betwe5 ^! two ?+s4 ,! individual mu/ exam9e 8 special case & weigh ! elem5t ( trea*]y aga9/ ! possibility ( co-op]ation4 ,i d n see h[ !re c be a g5]al rule4 ,i h already %[n :y 9 my own case ,i hesitate to pr(ess a belief 9 ,god1 because1 ,i ?9k1 ! mislead+ elem5t 9 t pr(ession w\ld outweigh ! advantage ( sympa?y & confid5ce ga9$4 #c4af4 ,a ,,comm5t4 ,! prec$+ section has be5 criticiz$ by a fri5d :o writes3-- 8,9 religi\s matt]s app>5t ass5t produces false unanimity4 ,!re is no conv5tion ab\t ^! ?+s2 if !re 7 !y w\ld n exi/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! only way to get p]functory te/s & s =? abrogat$1 is = a suffici5t numb] ( p to refuse to take !m4 ,x is 9 ?is case z 9 e o!r2 secession is ! beg9n+ ( a new integration4 ,! liv+ elem5ts leave ! dead or dy+ =m & gradually create 9 virtue ( _! own comb9ations a new =m m suit$ to pres5t ?+s4 ,!re is a =mative1 a creative p[] 9 s9c]ity & also 9 segregation itself4 ,& ! new =m1 ! new species produc$ by v>iation & segregation w measure itself & its qualities ) ! old "o4 ,! old "o w ei!r g to ! wall1 accept ! new "o & be r5ew$ by x1 or ! new "o w itself be pu%$ out ( exi/5ce if ! old "o has m vitality & is bett] adapt$ to ! circum/ances4 ,?is process ( v>iation1 competition & selection1 also ( int]m>riage betwe5 equally vital & equally adapt$ v>ieties1 is aft] all ! process by :i* n only races exi/ b all human ?\ghts40 ,s my fri5d1 :o ,i ?9k is altoge!r too /rongly sway$ by biological analogies4 ,b ,i am ?9k+ n ( ! ass]tion ( op9ions prim>ily b ( co-op]ation ) an organization ) :i*1 save = ! matt] ( ! te/1 "o may agree4 ,secession may n involve ! developm5t ( a new & bett] moral organization2 x may simply mean ! suicide ( "o's public aspect4 ,!re may be no room or no ne$ ( a rival organization4 ,to sec$e f ,/ate employm5t1 = example1 is n to create ! beg9n+s ( a new ,/ate1 h[ev] _m--%ort ( a revolution--may sec$e ) y4 ,x is to become a disconnect$ private p]son1 & ?r[ up "o's social side4 #c4ag4 ,,w>4 ,i d n ?9k a discussion ( man's social relations c be consid]$ at all complete or satisfactory until we h gone into ! "q ( milit>y s]vice4 ,to-day1 9 an increas+ numb] ( c\ntries1 milit>y s]vice is an ess5tial "p ( citiz5%ip & ! prospect ( w> lies l a great %ad[ across ! :ole bright complex prospect ( human affairs4 ,:at %\ld be ! attitude ( a "r-liv+ man t[>ds 8 ,/ate at w> & to w>like prep>ations8 ,9 no o!r connexion are ! confusions & unc]ta9ty ( ! contempor>y m9d m manife/4 ,x is an odd contradiction t 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,we/]n ,europe g5]ally1 j ^? p>ties t /& mo/ di/9ctly = p]sonal devotion to ! ,/ate 9 economic matt]s1 ! ,sociali/ & ,sociali/ic p>ties1 are mo/ oppos$ to ! idea ( milit>y s]vice1 & j ^? p>ties t def5d individual self-seek+ & social disloyalty 9 ! sph]e ( prop]ty are mo/ urg5t = conscription4 ,no d\bt "s ( ?is unc]ta9ty is due to ! mix+ 9 ( private int]e/s ) public pr(essions1 b mu* m is x1 ,i ?9k1 ! result ( m]e muddle-head$ness & an insuffici5t grasp ( ! implications ( ! propositions "u discussion4 ,! ord9>y political ,sociali/ desires1 z ,i desire1 & z ,i suppose e sane man desires z an ultimate ideal1 univ]sal peace1 ! m]g] ( national p>titions 9 loyalty to ! ,_w ,/ate4 ,b he does n recognize t ! way to rea* t goal is n necess>ily by m9imiz+ & specializ+ w> & w> responsibility at ! pres5t "t4 ,!re he falls %ort ( 8 own con/ructive conceptions & lapses into ! secessioni/ me?ods ( ! e>li] ,radicals4 ,we h "h ano!r case /rictly p>allel to sev]al we h already consid]$4 ,w> is a collective conc]n2 to turn "o's back ^u x1 to refuse to consid] x z a possibility1 is to leave x entirely to ^? :o are lea/ prep>$ to deal ) x 9 a broad _s4 ,9 _m ways w> is ! mo/ sociali/ic ( all =ces4 ,9 _m ways milit>y organization is ! mo/ peaceful ( activities4 ,:5 ! contempor>y man /eps f ! /reet ( clamor\s ins9c]e adv]tisem5t1 pu%1 adult]ation1 "u-sell+ & int]mitt5t employm5t1 into ! b>rack-y>d1 he /eps on to a high] social plane1 into an atmosph]e ( s]vice & co-op]ation & ( inf9itely m hon\rable emulations4 ,"h at lea/ m5 are n flung out ( employm5t to deg5]ate because !re is no imm$iate "w = !m to d4 ,!y are f$ & drill$ & tra9$ = bett] s]vices4 ,"h a man is at lea/ suppos$ to w9 promotion by self-=getfulness & n by self-seek+4 ,& beside ! feeble & irregul> end[m5t ( rese>* by comm]cialism1 its little %ort-sight$ snat*es at pr(it by innovation & sci5tific economy1 see h[ rem>kable is ! /eady & rapid developm5t ( me?od & appliances 9 naval & milit>y affairs6 ,no?+ is m /rik+ ?an to comp>e ! progress ( civil conv5i5ces :i* has be5 left almo/ entirely to ! trad]1 to ! progress 9 milit>y app>atus dur+ ! la/ few decades4 ,! h\se appliances ( to-day = example1 are little bett] ?an !y 7 fifty ye>s ago4 ,a h\se ( to-day is /ill almo/ z ill-v5tilat$1 badly heat$ by wa/eful fires1 clumsily arrang$ & furni%$ z ! h\se ( #aheh4 ,h\ses a c\ple ( hundr$ ye>s old are /ill satisfactory places ( resid5ce1 s little h our /&>ds ris54 ,b ! rifle or battle%ip ( fifty ye>s ago 0 beyond all comp>ison inf]ior to ^? we possess2 9 p[]1 9 spe$1 9 conv5i5ce alike4 ,no "o has a use n[ = su* sup]annuat$ ?+s4 #c4ah4 ,,w> ,,& ,,competition4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( w> 9 life8 ,w> is manife/ly n a ?+ 9 itself1 x is some?+ correlat$ ) ! :ole fabric ( human life4 ,t viol5ce & kill+ :i* betwe5 animals ( ! same species is private & individual becomes socializ$ 9 w>4 ,x is a co-op]ation = kill+ t c>ries ) x also a co-op]ation = sav+ & a great developm5t ( mutual help & developm5t )9 ! w>-mak+ gr\p4 ,w>1 x seems to me1 is really ! elim9ation ( viol5t competition z betwe5 man & man1 an excretion ( viol5ce f ! develop+ social gr\p4 ,?r\gh w> & milit>y organization1 & ?r\gh w> & milit>y organization only1 has x become possible to conceive ( peace4 ,?is viol5ce 0 a necess>y phase 9 human & inde$ 9 all animal developm5t4 ,among l[ types ( m5 & animals x seems an inevitable condition ( ! vig\r ( ! species & ! beauty ( life4 ,! m vital & v>i\s individual mu/ lead & prevail1 leave prog5y & make ! major contribution to ! syn!sis ( ! race2 ! weak] individual mu/ take a subs]vi5t place & leave no (fspr+4 ,t means 9 practice t ! =m] mu/ directly or indirectly kill ! latt] until "s mitigat$ b equally effectual sub/itute = t kill+ is inv5t$4 ,t duel disappe>s f life1 ! fight ( ! bea/s = food & ! fight ( ! bulls = ! c[s1 only by virtue ( its replacem5t by new =ms ( competition4 ,) ! developm5t ( primitive w> we h su* a replacem5t4 ,! competition becomes a competition to s]ve & rule 9 ! gr\p1 ! /rong] take ! lead]%ip & ! l>g] %>e ( life1 & ! weak] co-op]ate 9 subord9ation1 !y waive & compromise ! conflict & use _! conjo9t /r5g? aga9/ a common rival4 ,competition is a necess>y condition ( progressive life4 ,i d n "k if s f> ,i h made t belief suffici5tly cle> 9 ^! confessions4 ,p]haps 9 my anxiety to convey my idea ( a human syn!sis ,i h n suffici5tly insi/$ ^u ! "p play$ by competition 9 t syn!sis4 ,b ! implications ( ! view t ,i h set =? are fairly pla94 ,e individual1 ,i h /at$1 is an exp]im5t = ! syn!sis ( ! species1 & ^u t idea my sy/em ( conduct s f> z x is a sy/em is built4 ,manife/ly ! individual's function is ei!r self-developm5t1 s]vice & reproduction1 or failure & an end4 ,) moral & intellectual developm5t ! desire to s]ve & p>ticipate 9 a collective purpose arises to control ! bl9d & passionate impulse to survival & reproduction t ! /ruggle = life has giv5 u1 b x does n aboli% ! fact ( selection1 ( competition4 ,i contemplate no end ( competition4 ,b = competition t is passionate1 egoi/ic & limitless1 cruel1 clumsy & wa/eful1 ,i desire to see competition t is controll$ & fair-m9d$ & devot$1 m5 & wom5 do+ _! utmo/ ) !mselves & mak+ _! utmo/ contribution to ! specific accumulation1 b 9 ! end cont5t to abide by a v]dict4 ,! :ole developm5t ( civilization1 x seems to me1 consi/s 9 ! developm5t ( adequate te/s ( survival & ( an intellectual & moral atmosph]e ab\t ^? te/s s t !y %all be nei!r cruel nor wa/eful4 ,if ! te/ is n to be #8are y /rong en\gh to kill ev]yone y d n l8' t w only be because x w ask /ill m compreh5sively & ) reg>d to a multitude ( qualities o!r ?an brute kill+ p[]1 #8are y add+ wor?ily to ! syn!sis by exi/5ce & survival8' ,i am v cle> 9 my m9d on ?is p]petual ne$ ( competition4 ,i admit t ^u t turns ! practicability ( all ! great s]ies ( organiz+ s*emes t are call$ ,socialism4 ,! ,sociali/ s*eme mu/ %[ a sy/em 9 :i* pr$om9ance & reproduction are correlat$ ) ! quality & am\nt ( an individual's social contribution1 & s f> ,i ackn[l$ge x is only 9 ! mo/ g5]al t]ms t ?is c be claim$ z done4 ,we ,sociali/s h to "w out all ^! que/ions f> m ?or\ghly ?an we h done hi!rto4 ,we owe t to our movem5t & ! _w4 ,x is no adequate answ] to our antagoni/s to say1 inde$ x is a m]e tu quoque to say1 t ! exi/+ sy/em does n pres5t su* a correlation1 t x puts a premium on secretiv5ess & self-seek+ & a disc\nt on _m mo/ necess>y =ms ( social s]vice4 ,t is a m]e tempor>y argum5t = a delay 9 judgm5t4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( humanity seems to me to pres5t a spectacle ( ?is organiz+ specialization ( competition1 ?is replacem5t ( ! indiscrim9ate & collectively bl9d /ruggle = life by an organiz$ & collectively intellig5t developm5t ( life4 ,we see a secul> replacem5t ( brute conflict by ! law1 a secul> replacem5t ( indiscrim9ate brute lu/ by m>riage & sexual taboos1 & n[ ) ! developm5t ( ,sociali/ic ideas & me?ods1 ! /eady replacem5t ( bl9d indu/rial competition by public economic organization4 ,& moreov] !re is go+ on a great educational process br++ a great] & great] proportion ( ! m9ds ( ! community into relations ( und]/&+ & int]*ange4 ,j z ?is process ( organization proce$s1 ! viol5t & *aotic conflict ( individuals & pres5tly ( gr\ps ( individuals disappe>s1 p]sonal viol5ce1 private w>1 cut-?roat competition1 local w>1 ea* 9 turn is replac$ by a m effici5t & m economical me?od ( survival1 a me?od ( survival giv+ con/antly & select+ always m accurately a f9] type ( survivor4 ,i might comp>e ! social syn!sis to cry/als gr[+ out ( a fluid matrix4 ,x is :]e ! gr[+ ord] ( ! cry/als has z yet n spread t ! old res\rce to de/ruction & viol5t p]sonal or associat$ acts rema9s4 ,b ?is metaphor ( cry/als is a v inadequate "o1 because cry/als h no w 9 !mselves2 nor d cry/als1 hav+ fail$ to gr[ 9 "s p>ticul> =m1 pres5tly modify t =m m or less & try aga94 ,i see ! organiz+ ( =ces1 n simply law & police :i* are inde$ paid m]c5>ies f ! region ( viol5ce1 b legislation & lit]ature1 tea*+ & tradition1 organiz$ religion1 gett+ !mselves & ! social /ructure toge!r1 ye> aft] ye> & age aft] age1 halt+1 fail+1 break+ up 9 ord] to try aga94 ,& x seems to me t ! am\nt ( lawlessness & crime1 ! am\nt ( wa/e & futility1 ! am\nt ( w> & w> possibility & w> dang] 9 ! _w are j ! measure ( ! pres5t inadequacy ( ! _w's sy/em ( collective organization to ! purpose be=e !m4 ,x foll[s f ?is v directly t only "o ?+ c end w> on ! e>? & t is a subtle m5tal developm5t1 an idea1 ! developm5t ( ! idea ( ! _w commonweal 9 ! collective m9d4 ,! only real me?od ( aboli%+ w> is to p]ceive x1 to realize x1 to express x1 to ?9k x out & ?9k ab\t x1 to make all ! _w und]/& its significance1 & to cle> & pres]ve its significant functions4 ,9 human affairs to und]/& an evil is to aboli% x2 x is ! only way to aboli% any evil t arises out ( ! untutor$ nature ( man4 ,:i* br+s me back "h aga9 to my already repeat$ p]suasion1 t 9 express+ ?+s1 r5d]+ ?+s to ea* o!r1 discuss+ our diff]5ces1 cle>+ up ! metaphysical conceptions ^u :i* diff]5ces are discuss$1 & 9 a phrase evolv+ ! collective m9d1 lies n only ! cures ( w> & pov]ty b ! g5]al =m ( all a man's duty & ! ess5tial "w ( mank9d4 #c4ai4 ,,mod]n ,,w>4 ,9 our contempor>y _w1 9 our p>ticul> phase1 milit>y & naval organization loom up1 colossal & unprec$5t facts4 ,!y h ! effect ( an ov]hang+ disa/] t gr[s e ye> m trem5d\s1 e ye> 9 m s9i/] contra/ ) ! increas+ securities & tol]ations ( ! ev]yday life4 ,x is impossible to imag9e n[ :at a great w> 9 ,europe w\ld be l2 ! *ange 9 mat]ial & me?od has be5 s pr(\nd s9ce ! la/ cycle ( w>s end$ ) ! d[nfall ( ! ,?ird ,napoleon4 ,b !re c be little or no d\bt t x w\ld involve a de/ruction ( prop]ty & indu/rial & social disorganization ( ! mo/ mon/r\s dim5sions4 ,no man1 ,i ?9k1 c m>k ! limits ( ! de/ruction ( a great ,european conflict 7 x to occur at ! pres5t "t2 & ! ne> adv5t ( practicable fly+ ma*9es op5s a :ole new _w ( frightful possibilities4 ,= my own "p ,i c imag9e t a collision betwe5 su* p[]s z ,great ,brita91 ,g]many or ,am]ica1 might v well involve ne>ly e o!r p[] 9 ! _w1 might %att] ! :ole fabric ( cr$it ^u :i* our pres5t sy/em ( economics re/s & put back ! ord]ly progress ( social con/ruction = a va/ int]val ( "t4 ,"o figures great t[ns r$ ) de/ruction :ile giant air%ips d>k5 ! sky1 "o pictures ! cra% ( mighty ironclads1 ! bur/+ ( trem5d\s %ells fir$ f beyond ! range ( sight into unprotect$ cities4 ,"o ?9ks ( conge/$ ways sw>m+ ) desp]ate fight]s1 ( torr5ts ( fugitives & ( battles gone out ( ! control ( _! g5]als into unappeasable slaught]4 ,!re is a vision ( int]rupt$ communications1 ( wreck$ food tra9s & sunk5 food %ips1 ( va/ masses ( p ?r[n out ( employm5t & d>kly tumultu\s 9 ! /reets1 ( fam9e & fam9e-driv5 riot]s4 ,:at mod]n population w /& a fam9e8 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( w>f>e ! re> ( ! victor1 ! re> ( ! fight+ l9e becomes insecure1 assailable by fly+ ma*9es & subject to unprec$5t$ & unimag9able panics4 ,no man c tell :at savag]y ( desp]ation ^! new conditions may n release 9 ! s\l ( man4 ,a conspiracy ( adv]se *ances1 ,i say1 might contrive s great a cataclysm4 ,!re is no effectual gu>antee t x c\ld n occur4 ,b 9 spite ( t1 ,i believe t on ! :ole !re is f> m good ?an evil 9 ! enorm\s milit>y gr[?s t h occurr$ 9 ! la/ half c5tury4 ,i _c e/imate h[ f> ! alt]native to w> is le?>gy4 ,x is ?r\gh milit>y urg5cies alone t _m m5 c be br\ght to cons5t to ! collective end[m5t ( rese>*1 to public education & to a ?\s& int]f]5ces ) _! private self-seek+4 ,j z ! pe/il5ce ( *ol]a 0 necess>y be=e m5 c\ld be br\ght to cons5t to public sanitation1 s p]haps ! dread ( =eign viol5ce is an unavoidable spur 9 an age ( *aotic indu/rial production 9 ord] t m5 may be br\ght to subs]ve ! gr[? ( a ,/ate ^: purpose might o!rwise be too high = !m to und]/&4 ,m5 mu/ be =c$ to c>e = fleets & armies until !y h le>nt to value cities & self developm5t & a beautiful social life4 ,! real dang] ( mod]n w> lies n 9 ! discipl9$ p[] ( ! fight+ ma*9e b 9 ! undiscipl9$ =ces 9 ! collective m9d t may set t ma*9e 9 motion4 ,x is n t our guns & %ips are m>vell\sly good1 b t our press & political organizations are haphaz>d gr[?s entirely inf]ior to !m4 ,if ?is pres5t phase ( civilization %\ld end 9 a debacle1 if pres5tly humanity f9ds itself beg9n+ aga9 at a l[] level ( organization1 x w n be because we h develop$ ^! enorm\s p[]s ( de/ruction b because we h fail$ to develop adequate p[]s ( control = !m & collective det]m9ation4 ,?is panoply ( w> waits z ! te/ ( our progress t[>ds ! realization ( t collective m9d :i* ,i hold mu/ ultimately direct ! evolution ( our specific be+4 ,x is "h to measure our incoh]5ce & error1 & 9 ! measure ( ^? defects to ref] u back to our /udies4 ,j z we und]/& does w> become ne$less4 ,b ,i d n ?9k t w> & milit>y organization w s mu* disappe> z *ange its nature z ! ye>s advance4 ,i ?9k t ! phase ( univ]sal milit>y s]vice we seem to be approa*+ is "o ?r\gh :i* ! mass ( mank9d may h to pass1 le>n+ some?+ t c be le>nt 9 no o!r way1 t ! uni=ms & flags1 ! conceptions ( ord] & discipl9e1 ! tradition ( s]vice & devotion1 ( physical fitness1 un/9t$ ex]tion & univ]sal responsibility1 w rema9 a p]man5t acquisition1 ?\gh ! la/ ammunition has be5 us$ ages s9ce 9 ! pyrote*nic display t welcom$ ! com+ ( ! ultimate ,peace4 #c4bj4 ,,( ,,ab/95ces ,,& ,,discipl9es4 ,f ^! l>ge issues ( conduct1 let me come n[ to m intimate ?+s1 to "o's self control1 ! regulation ( "o's p]sonal life4 ,& fir/ ab\t ab/95ces & discipl9es4 ,i h already confess$ 7,*apt] #b4f7 t my nature is "o t dislikes ab/95ces & is we>i$ by & w>y ( excess4 ,i d n feel t x is "r to suppress altoge!r any "p ( "o's be+4 ,9 itself ab/95ce seems to me a refusal to exp]i5ce1 & t1 ^u ! l9es ( ?\ght ,i foll[1 is to say t ab/95ce = its own sake is evil4 ,b = an end all ab/95ces are p]missible1 & if ! k9etic type ( believ] f9ds bo? 8 individual & 8 associat$ effici5cy enhanc$ by a sy/ematic discipl9e1 if he is conv9c$ t he mu/ specialize because ( ! discursiv5ess ( 8 motives1 because !re is some?+ he wants to d or be s good t ! re/ ( !m may v well be suppress$ = its sake1 !n he mu/ suppress4 ,b ! virtue is 9 :at he gets done & n 9 :at he does n d4 ,reasonable fe> is a s\nd reason = ab/95ce1 z :5 a man has a passion l a lightly sleep+ maniac t ! slighte/ indulg5ce w ar\se4 ,!n he mu/ ne$s adopt h]oic ab/95ce1 & ev5 m s mu/ he take to prev5tive re/ra9t if he sees any motive becom+ unruly & urg5t & tr\blesome4 ,fe> is a s\nd reason = ab/95ce & s is love4 ,_m :o h s5sitive imag9ations n[adays v prop]ly ab/a9 f meat because ( but*]y4 ,& x is (t5 ne$ful1 out ( love & bro!rhood1 to ab/a9 f ?+s h>mless to oneself because !y are inconv5i5tly allur+ to o!rs l9k$ to u4 ,! mod]ate dr9k] :o sits at table sipp+ 8 w9e 9 ! sight ( "o he kn[s to be a pot5tial dipsomaniac is at be/ an unlov+ fool4 ,b m]e ab/95ce & ! do+ ( b>r5 toilsome unrew>d+ ?+s = ! sake ( ! toil1 is a p]v]sion ( "o's impulses4 ,!re is nei!r hon\r nor virtue nor good 9 t4 ,i d n believe 9 negative virtues4 ,i ?9k ! ideas ( !m arise out ( ! sy/em ( metaphysical errors ,i h r\ghly analyz$ 9 my fir/ ,book1 out ( ! inh]5t t5d5cy ( ! m9d to make ! relative absolute & to conv]t quantitative into qualitative diff]5ces4 ,our m9ds fall v readily "u ! spell ( su* unmitigat$ words z ,purity & ,*a/ity4 ,only dea? beyond decay1 absolute non-exi/5ce1 c be ,pure & ,*a/e4 ,life is impurity1 fact is impure4 ,ev]y?+ has traces ( ali5 matt]2 our v heal? is dep5d5t on p>asitic bact]ia2 ! pure/ blood 9 ! _w has a ta9t$ ance/or1 & n a sa9t b has evil ?\ghts4 ,x 0 bl9dness to t :i* set m5 /on+ ! woman tak5 9 adult]y4 ,!y =got :at !y 7 made (4 ,?is /upidity1 ?is unreasonable idealism ( ! common m9d1 fills life to-day ) cruelties & exclusions1 ) p>tial suicides & secret %ames4 ,b we are born impure1 we die impure2 x is a fable t spotless :ite lilies sprang f any sa9t's decay1 & ! *a/ity ( a monk or nun is b introv]t$ impurity4 ,we h to take life valiantly on ^! conditions & make su* hon\r & beauty & sympa?y out ( our confusions1 ga!r su* con/ructive exp]i5ce1 z we may4 ,!re is a mass ( real sup]/ition ^u ^! po9ts1 a belief 9 a magic purity1 9 magic p]sonalities :o c say3-- ,my /r5g? is z ! /r5g? ( t5 ,because my he>t is pure1 & wond]ful clairvoyant innoc5ts l ! "y man 9 ,mr4 ,kipl+'s 8,f9e/ ,/ory 9 ! ,_w40 ,!re is a lurk+ disposition to believe1 ev5 among ^? :o lead ! normal type ( life1 t ! ab/95t & *a/ely celibate are exceptionally heal?y1 en]getic1 immune4 ,! wilde/ claims are made4 ,b inde$ x is true = all :o c see ! facts ( life simply & pla9ly1 t man is an omnivor\s1 v]satile1 v>i\s creature & c draw 8 /r5g? f a hundr$ v>ieties ( n\ri%m5t4 ,he has physiological idiosyncrasies too t are indiff]5t to biological classifications & moral g5]alities4 ,x is n true t 8 absorb5t vessels beg9 _! task z *ildr5 beg9 ! guess+ game1 by ask+1 8,is x animal1 vegetable or m9]al80 ,he responds to /imulation & recup]ates aft] ! exhau/ion ( 8 response1 & 8 be+ is s+ul>ly c>eless :e!r ! /imulation comes z a drug or /imulant1 or z ang] or music or noble appeals4 ,mo/ p speak ( drugs 9 ! _s ( t admirable firm ( soap-boil]s :i* assures its cu/om]s t ! soap !y make 8conta9s no *emicals40 ,drugs are suppos$ to be a my/ic diabolical class ( sub/ance1 remote f & contra/+ 9 _! nature ) all o!r ?+s4 ,s !y bani% a tonic f ! h\se & /uff _! *ildr5 ) manufactur$ c]eals & *ocolate creams4 ,! drunk5 helot ( ?is sy/em ( absurdities is ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/ :o d5ies heal+ only to ^? :o h /udi$ pa?ology1 & decl>es t any?+ :atev] put into a bottle & labell$ ) directions = its use by a doctor is !reby damnable & damn$4 ,b inde$ all drugs & all ! ?+s ( life h _! uses & dang]s1 & !re is no :olesale tru? to excuse u a p>ticul> wisdom & wat*fulness 9 ^! matt]s4 ,unless we except smok+ z an unclean & ne$less artificiality1 all ^! matt]s ( eat+ & dr9k+ & habit are matt]s ( m or less4 ,x seems to me fooli% to make any?+ t is /imulat+ & pleasurable into a habit1 = t is sl[ly & surely to lose a /imulus & pleasure & create a ne$ t x may become pa9ful to *eck or control4 ,! moral rule ( my /&>ds is irregul>ity4 ,if ,i 7 a fa!r confessor ,i %\ld beg9 my catalogue ( s9s by ask+3 8are y a man ( regul> life80 ,& ,i w\ld *>ge my p5it5t to g away =?) & commit "s practicable sav+ irregul>ity2 to fa/ or get drunk or climb a m\nta9 or sup on pork & beans or give up smok+ or sp5d a mon? ) publicans & s9n]s4 ,"r conduct = ! common unspecializ$ man lies delicately adju/$ betwe5 defect & excess z a wat* is adju/$ & adju/able betwe5 fa/ & sl[4 ,we none ( u altoge!r & always keep ! balance or are altoge!r safe f los+ x4 ,we sw+1 balanc+ & adju/+1 along our pa?4 ,life is t1 & ab/95ce is = ! mo/ "p a m]e evasion ( life4 #c4ba4 ,,on ,,=gett+1 ,,& ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,,pray]1 ,,read+1 ,,discussion ,,& ,,wor%ip4 ,"o aspect ( life ,i _h v mu* 9 m9d :5 ,i plann$ ^? ,samurai discipl9es ( m9e4 ,x 0 =gett+4 ,we =get4 ,ev5 aft] we h f\nd ,salvation1 we h to keep hold ( ,salvation2 believ+1 we mu/ cont9ue to believe4 ,we _c always be at a high level ( noble emotion4 ,we h clamb]$ on ! %ip ( ,fai? & f\nd our place & "w abo>d1 & ev5 :ile we are busi$ ^u x1 behold we are back & dr[n+ 9 ! sea ( *aotic ?+s4 ,e religi\s body1 e religi\s tea*]1 has appreciat$ ?is difficulty & ! ne$ !re is ( rem9d]s & r5ewals4 ,fai? ne$s re/atem5t & revival z ! body ne$s food4 ,& s9ce ! ,believ] is to seek mu* exp]i5ce & be a judge ( less or m 9 _m ?+s1 x is p>ticul>ly necess>y t he %\ld keep hold ^u a liv+ ,fai?4 ,h[ may he be/ d ?is8 ,i ?9k we may /ate x z a g5]al duty t he mu/ d :atev] he c to keep 8 fai? con/antly alive4 ,b beyond t1 :at a man mu/ d dep5ds almo/ entirely ^u 8 own intellectual "*4 ,_m p ( a regul> type ( m9d c refre% !mselves by "s recurr5t duty1 by repeat+ a daily pray]1 by daily read+ or re-read+ "s devotional book4 ,) o!rs con/ant repetition leads to a m5tal & spiritual dead5+1 until beautiful phrases become unmean+1 eloqu5t /atem5ts inane & ridicul\s1--matt] = p>ody4 ,all :o c1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld pray & %\ld read & re-read :at !y h f\nd spiritually helpful1 & if !y "k ( o!rs ( k9dr$ dispositions & c organize ^! ex]cises1 !y %\ld d s4 ,collective wor%ip aga9 is a necessity = _m ,believ]s4 ,= _m1 ! public religi\s s]vices ( ?is or t =m ( ,*ri/ianity supply an atmosph]e ri* 9 ! ess5tial quality ( religion & ab\nd+ 9 phrases ab\t ! religi\s life1 mell[ f ! use ( c5turies & almo/ imm$iately applicable4 ,x seems to me t if "o c d s1 "o %\ld p>ticipate 9 su* public wor%ip & habituate oneself to read back into x t collective purpose & consci5ce x once embodi$4 ,v mu* is to be said = ! c]emony ( ,holy ,communion or ! ,mass1 = ^? :om accid5t or scruples d n deb>4 ,i d n ?9k y\r mod]n lib]al ?9k]s q appreciate ! f9] aspects ( ?is1 ! "o univ]sal s]vice ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,"s ( !m are set =? v f9ely by a man :o has be5 some?+ ( a m>tyr = consci5ce' sake1 & is = me a h]o z well z a fri5d1 9 a _w n ri* 9 h]oes1 ! ,rev4 ,/ew>t ,headlam1 9 8 book1 8,! ,mean+ ( ! ,mass40 ,) o!rs aga91 ,fai? c be mo/ animat$ by writ+1 by confession1 by discussion1 by talk ) fri5ds or antagoni/s4 ,"o or o!r or all ( ^! ?+s ! ,believ] mu/ d1 = ! m9d is a liv+ & mov+ process1 & ! ?+ t lies in]t 9 x is pres5tly cov]$ up by new int]e/s & lo/4 ,if y make a sort ( ,k+ ,log ( y\r fai?1 pres5tly some?+ else w be sitt+ ^u x1 pride or self-int]e/1 or "s rebel crav+1 ,k+ de facto ( y\r s\l1 direct+ x back to an>*y4 ,= _m types t1 h[ev]1 is exactly :at happ5s ) public wor%ip4 ,!y ,,d get a ,k+ ,log 9 c]emony4 ,& if y delib]ately ov]come & suppress y\r p]ception ( & repugnance to ! p]functor9ess ( religion 9 n9e-t5?s ( ! wor%ipp]s ab\t y1 y may be de/roy+ at ! same "t y\r own intellectual & moral s5sitiv5ess4 ,b ,i am n sugge/+ t y %\ld =ce y\rself to take "p 9 public wor%ip aga9/ y\r p]ceptions1 b only t if x helps y to wor%ip y %\ld n hesitate to d s4 ,we deal "h ) a real ne$ t is n to be fett]$ by any g5]al prescription4 ,i h "o ,cambridge fri5d :o f9ds no?+ s uplift+ 9 ! _w z ! atmosph]e ( ! aft]noon s]vice 9 ! *oir ( ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 & ano!r1 a v great & di/+ui%$ & !ologically sceptical woman1 :o accu/om$ h]self = "s "t to he> f a di/ant corn] ! ev5+ s]vice 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral & :o w\ld g great di/ances to d t4 ,_m p f9d an exaltation & broad5+ ( ! m9d 9 m\nta9 sc5]y & ! />ry heav5s & ! wide arc ( ! sea2 & z ,i h already said1 x 0 "p ( ! discipl9es ( ^! ,samurai ( m9e t ye>ly !y %\ld g ap>t = at lea/ a week ( solit>y w&]+ & m$itation 9 lonely & desolate places4 ,music aga9 is a frequ5t means ( release f ! n>r[ life z x closes ab\t u4 ,"o man ,i "k makes an an?ology into :i* he copies to re-read any passage t /irs & revives 9 him ! s5se ( broad issues4 ,o!rs aga9 seem able to refre% _! nobility ( outlook 9 ! atmosph]e ( an int5se p]sonal love4 ,"s ( u seem to =get almo/ z if x 7 an ess5tial "p ( ourselves4 ,su* a man z myself1 irritable1 easily fatigu$ & bor$1 v]satile1 s5su\s1 curi\s1 & a little gre$y = exp]i5ce1 is p]petually los+ t\* ) 8 fai?1 s t inde$ ,i sometimes turn ov] ^! pages t ,i h writt5 & come ^u my decl>ations & confessions ) a s5se ( ali5 surprise4 ,x may be1 ,i say1 t = "s ( u =gett+ is ! normal process1 t "o has to believe & =get & blund] & le>n some?+ & regret & suff] & s come aga9 to belief mu* z we h to eat & gr[ hungry & eat aga94 ,:at ^! o!rs c get 9 _! temples we1 aft] our own mann]1 mu/ di/il ?r\gh sleepless & lonely nights1 f unavoidable humiliations1 f ! sm>t+ ( bruis$ %9s4 #c4bb4 ,,democracy ,,& ,,ari/ocracy4 ,& n[ hav+ dealt ) ! g5]al =m ( a man's duty & ) 8 duty to himself1 let me come to 8 attitude to 8 individual fell[-m54 ,! broad pr9ciples det]m9+ t attitude are involv$ 9 ?+s already writt5 9 ?is book4 ,! belief 9 a collective be+ ga!r+ exp]i5ce & develop+ w1 to :i* e life is subord9at$1 r5d]s ! crud] conception ( ari/ocracy1 ! idea ( a select life go+ on amid/ a majority ( trivial & contemptible p]sons :o 8d n exi/10 unt5able4 ,x aboli%es contempt4 ,inde$ to believe at all 9 a compreh5sive purpose 9 ?+s is to ab&on t attitude & all ! habits & acts t imply x4 ,b a belief 9 univ]sal significance does n altoge!r preclude a belief 9 an ari/ocratic me?od ( progress1 9 ! idea ( ! subord9ation ( a numb] ( individuals to o!rs :o c utilize _! lives & help & contributory a*ievem5ts 9 ! g5]al purpose4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t1 inde$1 ?is la/ conception is almo/ inevitable4 ,we mu/ ne$s s ?9k ( ourselves 9 relation to plants & animals1 & ,i see no reason :y we %\ld n ?9k s ( our relations to o!r m54 ,!re are cle>ly great diff]5ces 9 ! capacity & range ( exp]i5ce ( man & man & 9 _! p[] ( us+ & r5d]+ _! exp]i5ces = ! racial syn!sis4 ,vigor\s p]sons d look naturally = help & s]vice to p]sons ( less initiative1 & we are all m or less capable ( admiration & h]o-wor%ip & pleas$ to help & give ourselves to ^? we feel to be f9] or bett] or complet] or m =ceful & lead]ly ?an ourselves4 ,?is is natural & inevitable ari/ocracy4 ,= t reason x is n to be organiz$4 ,we organize ?+s t are n inevitable1 b ?is is cle>ly a complex matt] ( accid5t & p]sonalities = :i* !re c be no g5]al rule4 ,all organiz$ ari/ocracy is manife/ly begott5 by t fallacy ( classification my ,metaphysical book set itself to expose4 ,its effect is1 & has be5 9 all cases1 to mask natural ari/ocracy1 to draw ! l9es by :olesale & wrong1 to bol/] up weak & ineffectual p]sons 9 false positions & to fett] or hamp] /rong & vigor\s p4 ,! false ari/ocrat is a figure ( pride & claims1 a consum] foll[$ by dupes4 ,he is pr\dly secretive1 pret5d+ to aims beyond ! common und]/&+4 ,! true ari/ocrat is kn[n r ?an kn[s2 he makes & s]ves4 ,he exacts no def]5ce4 ,he is urg5t to makes o!rs %>e :at he kn[s & wants & a*ieves4 ,he does n ?9k ( o!rs z 8 b z ! ,end's4 ,!re is a base democracy j z !re is a base ari/ocracy1 ! swagg]+1 aggressive disposition ( ! vulg> s\l t admits nei!r ( sup]iors nor lead]s4 ,its true "n is insubord9ation4 ,x res5ts rules & ref9em5ts1 delicacies1 diff]5ces & organization4 ,x dreams t its lead]s are its delegates4 ,x takes refuge f all sup]iority1 all special k1 9 a phantom ideal1 ! ,p1 ! sublime & wond]ful ,p4 8,y c fool "s ( ! p all ! "t1 & all ! p "s ( ! "t1 b y c't fool all ! p all ! "t10 expresses ,i ?9k q ! qu9tess5ce ( ?is my/ical fai?1 ?is fai? 9 :i* m5 take refuge f ! dem& = ord]1 discipl9e & consci\s light4 ,9 ,engl& x has nev] be5 ( any great acc\nt1 b 9 ,am]ica ! vulg> individuali/'s self-protective exaltation ( an idealiz$ ,common ,man has work$ & is work+ inf9ite mis*ief4 ,9 politics ! crude democratic fai? leads directly to ! submission ( e "q1 h[ev] subtle & special its issues may be1 to a popul> vote4 ,! community is reg>d$ z a consultative committee ( pr(\ndly wise1 al]t & well-in=m$ ,common ,m54 ,s9ce ! common man is1 z ,gu/ave le ,bon has po9t$ out1 a greg>i\s animal1 collectively r l a %eep1 emotional1 ha/y & %all[1 ! practical outcome ( political democracy 9 all l>ge communities "u mod]n conditions is to put p[] into ! h&s ( ri* newspap] proprietors1 adv]tis+ produc]s & ! en]getic weal?y g5]ally :o are be/ able to flood ! collective m9d freely ) ! sugge/ions on :i* x acts4 ,b democracy has acquir$ a bett] mean+ ?an its fir/ crude int5tions--!re nev] 0 a !ory />t$ yet 9 ! human m9d t did n beget a f9] (fspr+ ?an itself--& ! second>y mean+ br+s x at la/ into entire accordance ) ! subtl] conception ( ari/ocracy4 ,! te/ ( ?is qu9tess5tial democracy is nei!r a passionate insi/5ce ^u vot+ & ! majority rule1 nor an arrogant be>+ t[>ds ^? :o are "o's bett]s 9 ?is aspect or t1 b fell[%ip4 ,! true democrat & ! true ari/ocrat meet & are "o 9 feel+ !mselves p>ts ( "o syn!sis "u "o purpose & "o s*eme4 ,bo? realize t self-concealm5t is ! la/ evil1 bo? make frankness & v]acity ! basis ( _! int]c\rse4 ,! g5]al rightness ( liv+ = y & o!rs & = o!rs & y is to und]/& !m to ! be/ ( y\r ability & to make !m all1 to ! utmo/ limits ( y\r capacity ( expression & _! und]/&+ & sympa?y1 p>ticipators 9 y\r act & ?\ght4 #c4bc4 ,,on ,,debts ,,( ,,hon\r4 ,my e?ical disposition is all aga9/ punctilio & ,i set no great] value on unblemi%$ hon\r ?an ,i d on purity4 ,i nev] yet met a man :o talk$ pr\dly ( 8 hon\r :o did n end by *eat+ or try+ to *eat me1 nor a code ( hon\r t did n impress me z a conspiracy aga9/ ! common welf>e & purpose 9 life4 ,!re is hon\r among ?ieves1 & ,i ?9k x might well end !re z an obligation 9 conduct4 ,! soldi] :o risks a life he owes to 8 army 9 a duel ^u "s silly matt] ( p]sonal pride is no bett] to me ?an ! cl]k :o gambles ) ! money 9 8 ma/]'s till4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy ,i once paid a debt ( hon\r1 & x is "o ( ! ?+s ,i am mo/ a%am$ (4 ,i _h play$ c>ds into debt & ,i /ill rememb] burn+ly h[ ,i w5t flu%$ & %rill-voic$ to my "m & got ! money %e c\ld s ill af=d to give me4 ,i w\ld n pay su* a debt ( hon\r n[4 ,if ,i 7 to wake up "o morn+ ow+ big sums t ,i _h /ak$ ov]night ,i w\ld set to "w at once by e means 9 my p[] to evade & repudiate t obligation4 ,su* money z ,i h ,i owe "u our pres5t sy/em to wife & sons & my "w & ! _w1 & ,i see no valid reason :y ,i %\ld h& x ov] to ,smi? because he & ,i h play$ ! fool & rascal & gambl$4 ,bett] by f> to accept t fact & be = my own "p publi%$ fool & rascal4 ,i h nev] be5 able to und]/& ! s5tim5tal spectacle ( sons toil+ dreadfully & wa/+ !mselves ^u m]e money-mak+ to save ! secret ( a fa!r's peculations & ! 8hon\r ( ! family10 or m5 conspir+ to weave a wide & mis*iev\s net ( lies to save ! 8hon\r0 ( a woman4 ,9 ! conv5tional drama ! pres]vation ( ! hon\r ( a woman seems an adequate excuse = ne>ly any (f5ce %ort ( murd]2 ! pres]vation t is to say ( ! appe>ance ( some?+ t is already gone4 ,"h x is t ,i d def9itely "p company ) ! false ari/ocrat :o is by nature & int5t a humbug & fabricator ( %am attitudes1 & ally myself ) democracy4 ,fact1 valiantly fac$1 is ( m value ?an any reputation4 ,! false ari/ocrat is rob$ to ! *9 & unwa%$ b5ea?1 ! true goes />k z ,apollo4 ,! false is ridicul\s ) undignifi$ insi/5ce ^u 8 dignity2 ! true says l ,god1 8,i am t ,i am40 #c4bd4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,ju/ice4 ,"o ^w has s f> play$ a v little "p 9 ?is book1 & t is ! ^w ,ju/ice4 ,^? :o h read ! op5+ book on ,metaphysics w p]haps see t ?is is a necess>y coroll>y ( ! sy/em ( ?\ght develop$ !re94 ,9 my philosophy1 ) its insi/5ce ^u uniqu5ess & m>g9al diff]5ces & ! provisional nature ( numb]s & classes1 !re is little scope = t bl9d-fold$ lady ) ! balances1 seek+ always exact equival5ts4 ,n[h]e 9 my sy/em ( ?\ght is !re "w = ! idea ( ,rights & ! conception ( consci5ti\s litigi\s-spirit$ p exactly obs]v+ nicely def9$ relation%ips4 ,y w note1 = example1 t ,i base my ,socialism on ! idea ( a collective developm5t & n on ! 8"r0 ( e man to 8 own lab\r1 or 8 8"r0 to "w1 or 8 8"r0 to subsi/5ce4 ,all ^! ideas ( 8rights0 & ( a social 8contract0 h[ev] implicit are m]ely conv5tional ways ( look+ at ?+s1 conv5tions t h aris5 9 ! m]cantile phase ( human developm5t4 ,laws & rights1 l common t]ms 9 spee*1 are provisional ?+s1 conv5i5ces = tak+ hold ( a numb] ( cases t w\ld o!rwise be unmanageable4 ,! appeal to ,ju/ice is a necess>ily inadequate attempt to de-individualize a case1 to elim9ate ! self's biass$ attitude4 ,i h decl>$ t x is my wilful belief t ev]y?+ t exi/s is significant & necess>y4 ,! idea ( ,ju/ice seems to me a defective1 quantitative application ( ! _s ( t belief to m5 & wom54 ,9 e case y try & discov] & act ^u a plausible equity t mu/ necess>ily be bas$ on arbitr>y assumptions4 ,!re is no equity 9 ! univ]se1 9 ! v>i\s spectacle outside our m9ds1 & ! mo/ t]rible nightm>e ! human imag9ation has ev] eng5d]$ is a ,j ,god1 measur+1 ) himself z ! ,/&>d1 aga9/ f9ite m54 ,ultimately !re is no adequacy1 we are all weigh$ 9 ! balance & f\nd want+4 ,s1 z ! recognition ( ?is has gr[n1 ,ju/ice has be5 temp]$ ) ,m]cy1 :i* inde$ is no m ?an an attempt to equalize ?+s by mak+ ! factors ( ! v defect t is condemn$1 its condonation4 ,! mod]n m9d fluctuates unc]ta9ly some:]e betwe5 ^! extremes1 n[ h>% & n[ ineffectual4 ,to me !re seems no validity 9 ^! quasi-absolute /&>ds4 ,a man seeks & obeys /&>ds ( equity simply to economize 8 moral ef=t1 n because !re is any?+ true or sublime ab\t ju/ice1 b because he kn[s he is too egoi/ic & weak-m9d$ & obsess$ to d any p]fect ?+ at all1 because he _c tru/ himself ) 8 own transitory emotions unless he tra9s himself be=eh& to obs]ve a pr$et]m9$ rule4 ,!re is sc>cely an ev5tuality 9 life t )\t ! help ( ^! g5]alizations w\ld n exce$ ! av]age man's intellectual p[] & moral en]gy1 j z !re is sc>cely an idea or an emotion t c be convey$ )\t ! use ( faulty & defective common names4 ,ju/ice & ,m]cy are inde$ n ultimately diff]5t 9 _! nature f su* o!r conv5tions z ! rules ( a game1 ! rules ( etiquette1 =ms ( address1 cab t>iffs & /&>ds ( all sorts4 ,!y are m]e organizations ( relation%ip ei!r to economize ?\ght or else to facilitate mutual und]/&+ & codify common action4 ,mode/y & self-submission1 love & s]vice are1 9 ! "r sy/em ( my beliefs1 f> m fundam5tal rightnesses & duties4 ,we are n m]cantile & litigi\s units su* z mak+ ,ju/ice our social basis w\ld imply1 we are n select responsible p]sons mix$ ) & t5d+ weak irresponsible wrong p]sons su* z ! notion ( ,m]cy sugge/s1 we are p>ts ( "o be+ & body1 ea* unique yet %>+ a common nature & a v>iety ( imp]fections & work+ toge!r 7albeit m or less d>kly & ignorantly7 = a common end4 ,we are /rong & weak toge!r & 9 "o bro!rhood4 ,! weak h no ess5tial rights aga9/ ! /rong1 nor ! /rong aga9/ ! weak4 ,! _w does n exi/ = our weaknesses b our /r5g?4 ,& ! real ju/ification ( democracy lies 9 ! fact t none ( u are altoge!r /rong nor altoge!r weak2 = ev]yone !re is an aspect :]e9 he is se5 to be weak2 = ev]yone !re is a /r5g? ?\gh x may be only a little peculi> /r5g? or an undevelop$ pot5tiality4 ,! unconv]t$ man uses 8 /r5g? egoti/ically1 emphasizes himself h>%ly aga9/ ! man :o is weak :]e he is /rong1 & hates & conceals 8 own weakness4 ,! ,believ]1 9 ! measure ( 8 belief1 respects & seeks to und]/& ! diff]5t /r5g? ( o!rs & to use 8 own di/9ctive p[] ) & n aga9/ 8 fell[ m51 9 ! common s]vice ( t syn!sis to :i* ea* "o ( !m is ultimately z necess>y z he4 #c4be4 ,,( ,,love ,,& ,,ju/ice4 ,n[ "h ! fri5d :o has read ! fir/ draft ( ?is book falls into some?+ l a dispute ) me4 ,%e does n1 ,i ?9k1 l ?is dismissal ( ,ju/ice f a prim>y place 9 my s*eme ( conduct4 8,ju/ice10 %e ass]ts1 8is an in/9ctive crav+ v ne>ly ak9 to ! physical crav+ = equilibrium4 ,its social importance corresponds4 ,x seeks to keep ! individual's claims 9 su* a position z to conflict z little z possible ) ^? ( o!rs4 ,ju/ice is ! root in/9ct ( all social feel+1 ( all feel+ :i* does n take acc\nt ( :e!r we l or dislike individuals1 x is ! feel+ ( an ord]ly position ( our ,ego t[>ds o!rs1 m]ely consid]$ ,,z o!rs1 & ( all ! ,egos m]ely ,,z ,egos t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,,love _c be felt t[>ds o!rs ,,z o!rs4 ,love is ! expression ( individual suitability & pref]5ce1 its positive exi/5ce 9 "s cases implies its absolute negation 9 o!rs4 ,h5ce ,love c nev] be ! ess5tial & root ( social feel+1 & h5ce ! necessity = ! in/9ct ( ab/ract ju/ice :i* takes no acc\nt ( pref]5ces or av]sions4 ,& "h ,i may say t all application ( ! ^w ,,love to unkn[n1 di/ant creatures1 to m]e ,,o!rs1 is a p]v]sion & a wa/+ ( ! ^w love1 :i*1 tak+ its orig9 9 sexual & p>5tal pref]5ce1 always implies a pref]5ce ( "o object to ! o!r4 ,to love ev]ybody is simply n to love at all4 ,& x is ,,j ,,because ( ! passionate pref]5ce in/9ctively felt = "s individuals1 t mank9d requires ! self-reg>d+ & self-respect+ passion ( ju/ice40 ,n[ ?is is n altoge!r contradictory ( :at ,i hold4 ,i disagree t because love necess>ily expresses itself 9 pref]5ce1 select+ ?is r ?an t1 t x foll[s necess>ily t its absolute negation is impli$ 9 ! non-select$ cases4 ,a man may g into ! _w z a *ild goes into a g>d5 & ga!rs its h&s full ( ! fl[]s t please x be/ & !n desi/s1 b only because its h&s are full & n because x is at an end ( ! fl[]s t x c f9d delight 94 ,s ! man f9ds at la/ 8 memory & appreh5sions glutt$4 ,x is n t he c\ld n love ^? o!rs4 ,& ,i dispute t to love ev]ybody is n to love at all4 ,to love two p is surely to love m ?an to love j "o p]son1 & s by way ( ?ree & f\r to a v l>ge numb]4 ,b if x is put t love mu/ be a pref]5ce because ( ! m5tal limitations t =bid u to appreh5d & und]/& m ?an a few ( ! multitud9\s lovables ( life1 !n ,i agree4 ,= all ! individuals & ?+s & cases = :i* we h inadequate "t & en]gy1 we ne$ a :olesale me?od--ju/ice4 ,t is exactly :at ,i h said 9 ! previ\s section4 #c4bf4 ,,! ,,weakness ,,( ,,immaturity4 ,"o is apt to write & talk ( /rong & weak z ?\gh "s 7 always /rong1 "s always weak4 ,b t is q a mislead+ v]sion ( life4 ,ap>t f ! fact t ev]yone is fluctuat+ly /rong & fluctuat+ly weak1 & weak & /rong accord+ to ! quality we judge !m by1 we h to rememb] t we are all develop+ & le>n+ & *ang+1 ga9+ /r5g? & at la/ los+ x1 f ! cradle to ! grave4 ,we are all1 to borr[ ! old s*ola/ic t]m1 pupil-tea*]s ( ,life2 ! t]m is none ! less appropriate because ! pupil-tea*] taught badly & le>nt "u difficulties4 ,x may seem to be a cr[n+ feat ( platitude to write t 8we h to rememb]0 ?is1 b x is ov]look$ 9 a :ole mass ( legal1 social & economic lit]ature4 ,^? extraord9>y imag9>y cases z betwe5 a man ,a & a man ,b :o />t level1 on a des]t isl& or else:]e1 & "w or d n "w1 or save or d n save1 become ! basis ( imm5se s*emes ( j arrangem5t :i* so> up confid5tly & s]5ely reg>dless ( ! fact t nev] did any?+ l t equal />t occur2 t f ! beg9n+ !re 7 family gr\ps & old heads & "y heads1 help1 guidance & sacrifice1 & ^? :o _h le>nt & ^? :o _h /ill to le>n1 jumbl$ toge!r 9 confus$ transactions4 ,deals1 trad+s & s =? are entirely second>y aspects ( ^! prim>ies1 & ! attempt to get an idea ( ab/ract relation%ip by beg9n+ ^u a second>y issue is ! fatal p]vad+ fallacy 9 all ^! regions ( ?\ght4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t ! av]age age ( ! _w is ,i suppose ab\t #ba or #bb1 ! normal dea? some:5 ab\t #dd or #de1 t is to say ne>ly half ! _w is 8"u age10 gre51 inexp]i5c$1 dem&+ help1 easily misl$ & put 9 ! wrong & betray$4 ,yet ! y\ng] moiety1 if we d inde$ assume life's object is a collective syn!sis1 is m important ?an ! old]1 & e old] p]son b\nd to be some?+ ( a gu>dian to ! y\ng]4 ,x foll[s directly f ! fundam5tal beliefs ,i h assum$ t we are miss+ ! mo/ important aspects ( life if we are n directly or indirectly s]v+ ! "y1 help+ !m individually or collectively4 ,j 9 ! measure t "o's liv+ falls away f t1 d we fall away f life into a m]e futility ( exi/5ce1 & approa* ! /ate1 ! extraord9>y & wond]ful middle /ate ( 7= example7 ^? ext9ct & entirely damn$ old g5tlem5 "o sees & he>s eat+ & sleep+ 9 e com=table ,london club4 ,t con/ructive syn!tic purpose :i* ,i h made ! rul+ idea 9 my s*eme ( conduct may be inde$ completely re/at$ 9 ano!r =m1 a =m ,i adopt$ = a book ,i wrote "s ye>s ago call$ 8,mank9d 9 ! ,mak+40 ,9 ?is ,i po9t$ out t 8,life is a tissue ( bir?s02 8& if ! :ole ( life is an evolv+ succession ( bir?s1 !n n only mu/ a man 9 8 individual capacity 7physically z p>5t1 doctor1 food deal]1 food c>ri]1 home build]1 protector2 or m5tally z tea*]1 news deal]1 au?or1 prea*]7 contribute to bir?s & gr[?s & ! f9e future ( mank9d1 b ! collective aspects ( man1 8 social & political organizations mu/ also be1 9 ! ess5ce1 organizations t m or less pr(itably & m or less int5tionally set !mselves t[>ds ?is end4 ,!y are f9ally conc]n$ ) ! bir?1 & ) ! s\nd developm5t t[>ds /ill bett] bir?s1 ( human lives1 j z e implem5t 9 ! tool%$ ( a se$sman's nurs]y1 ev5 ! hoe & ! roll]1 is conc]n$ f9ally ) ! se$+ & ) ! s\nd developm5t t[>ds /ill bett] se$+ ( plants4 ,! private & p]sonal motive ( ! se$sman 9 procur+ & us+ ^! tools may be av>ice1 ambition1 a religi\s belief 9 ! sav+ efficacy ( nurs]y keep+ or a simple passion = bett]+ fl[]s1 t does n affect ! def9ite f9al purpose ( 8 outfit ( tools4 8,& j z we might judge completely & criticize & improve t outfit f an att5tive /udy ( ! welf>e ( plants1 & ) an entire disreg>d ( 8 remot] motives1 s we may judge all collective human ent]prises f ! /&po9t ( an att5tive /udy ( human bir?s & developm5t4 ,,any ,,collective ,,human ,,ent]prise1 ,,in/itution1 ,,movem5t1 ,,p>ty ,,or ,,/ate1 ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,judg$ ,,z ,a ,,:ole ,,& ,,completely1 ,,z ,,x ,,conduces ,,m ,,or ,,less ,,to ,,:olesome ,,& ,,hopeful ,,bir?s1 ,,& ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,qualitative ,,& ,,quantitative ,,advance ,,due ,,to ,,its ,,influ5ce ,,made ,,by ,,ea* ,,g5]ation ,,( ,,citiz5s ,,born ,,"u ,,its ,,influ5ce ,,t[>ds ,a ,,high] ,,& ,,ampl] ,,/&>d ,,( ,,life40 ,& individual conduct1 q z mu* z collective affairs1 comes "u ! same te/4 ,we are guides & s*ool build]s1 help]s & influ5ces e h\r ( our lives1 & by t /&>d we c & mu/ judge all our ways ( liv+4 #c4bg4 ,,possibility ,,( ,a ,,new ,,etiquette4 ,^! two ideas1 fir/ly ! pupil-tea*] p>5tal idea & secondly ! democratic idea 7t is to say ! idea ( an equal ultimate significance71 ! second correct+ any t5d5cy 9 ! fir/ to p$agogic arrogance & tactful concealm5ts1 d ,i ?9k give1 :5 tak5 toge!r1 ! g5]al attitude a "r-liv+ man w take to 8 individual fell[ creature4 ,!y play aga9/ ea* o!r1 provid+ elem5ts ( contradiction & det]m9+ a balanc$ c\rse4 ,x seems to me to foll[ necess>ily f my fundam5tal beliefs t ! ,believ] w t5d to be & want to be & seek to be fri5dly to1 & int]e/$ 91 all sorts ( p1 & tru?ful & helpful & hat+ concealm5t4 ,to be t ) any approa* to p]fection dem&s an intricate & difficult ef=t1 introspection to ! hilt ( "o's p[]1 a sav+ natural gift2 "o has to avoid p$antry1 aggression1 brutality1 amiable tiresom5ess--!re are pitfalls on e side4 ,! m "o ?9ks ab\t o!r p ! m int]e/+ & pleas+ !y are2 ,i am all = k9dly gossip & kn[+ ?+s ab\t !m1 & all aga9/ ! silly & limit+ h>dness ( s\l t w n look into "o's fell[s nor g out to !m4 ,! use & ju/ification ( mo/ lit]ature1 ( fiction1 v]se1 hi/ory1 biography1 is t x lets u into und]/&+s & ! sugge/ion ( human possibilities4 ,! g5]al purpose ( int]c\rse is to get z close z "o c to ! realities ( ! p "o meets1 & to give oneself to !m j s f> z possible4 ,f t ,i ?9k !re arises naturally a new] etiquette t w\ld set aside _m ( ! rigidities ( proc$ure t keep p ap>t to-day4 ,!re is a fad+ prejudice aga9/ ask+ p]sonal que/ions1 aga9/ talk+ ab\t oneself or "o's imm$iate p]sonal int]e/s1 aga9/ discuss+ religion & politics & any su* ke5ly felt matt]4 ,no d\bt x is necess>y at times to protect oneself aga9/ clumsy & /upid famili>ities1 aga9/ noisy & inatt5tive egoti/s1 aga9/ intrigu]s & li>s1 b only 9 ! la/ resort d su* brea*es ( pati5ce seem ju/ifiable to me2 = ! mo/ "p our traditions ( spee* & int]c\rse altoge!r ov]do sep>ations1 ! pres]vation ( di/ances & protective devices 9 g5]al4 #c4bh4 ,,sex4 ,s f> ,i h ignor$ ! imm5se importance ( ,sex 9 our lives & = ! mo/ "p kept ! discussion s g5]aliz$ z to apply imp>tially to wom5 & m54 ,b n[ ,i h rea*$ a po9t :5 ?is great b\nd>y l9e betwe5 two halves ( ! _w & ! int5se & intimate p]sonal problems t play across x mu/ be fac$4 ,= n only mu/ we b5d our g5]al activities & our intellectual life to ! conception ( a human syn!sis1 b out ( our bodies & emotional possibilities we h to make ! new _w bodily & emotionally4 ,to ! te/ ( t we h to br+ all sorts ( que/ions t agitate u to-day1 ! social & political equality & p]sonal fre$om ( wom51 ! diff]+ code ( hon\r = ! sexes1 ! controls & limitations to set ^u love & desire4 ,if1 = example1 x is = ! good ( ! species t a :ole half ( its individuals %\ld be specializ$ & subord9at$ to ! physical sexual life1 z 9 c]ta9 phases ( human developm5t wom5 h t5d$ to be1 !n c]ta9ly we mu/ d no?+ to prev5t t4 ,we h set aside ! conception ( ,ju/ice z 9 any s5se a c\nt]vail+ idea to t ( ! syn!tic process4 ,& x is well to rememb] t = ! :ole ( sexual conduct !re is q conceivably no g5]al simple rule4 ,x is q possible t1 z ,met*nik(f ma9ta9s 9 8 extraord9>ily illum9at+ 8,nature ( ,man10 we are deal+ ) an irresolvable tangle ( di%>monies4 ,we h passions t d n insi/ ^u _! physiological end1 desires t may be prematurely vivid 9 *ildhood1 a fanta/ic curiosity1 old ne$s ( ! ape b ?9ly ov]laid by ! acquisitions ( ! man1 emotions t j> ) physical impulses1 inexplicable pa9s & diseases4 ,& n only h we to rememb] t we are deal+ ) di%>monies t may at ! v be/ be only pat*$ toge!r1 b we are deal+ ) matt]s 9 :i* ! elem5t ( idiosyncrasy is ess5tial1 insi/+ ^u an incalculable flexibility 9 any rule we make1 unless we are to take types & inde$ :ole classes ( p]sonality & write !m d[n z absolutely bad & fit only = suppression & re/ra9t4 ,& on ! m5tal side we are fur!r p]plex$ by ! extraord9>y sugge/ibility ( human be+s4 ,9 sexual matt]s !re seems to me--& ,i ?9k ,i %>e a g5]al ignorance "h--to be no direct+ in/9ct at all1 b only an in/9ct to d some?+ g5]ally sexual2 !re are almo/ equally p[]ful desires to d "r & n to act "u compulsion4 ,! specific =ms ( conduct impos$ ^u ^! in/9cts & desires dep5d ^u a va/ confusion ( sugge/ions1 in/itutions1 conv5tions1 ways ( putt+ ?+s4 ,we are deal+ !re=e ) problems in]adicably complex1 v>y+ endlessly 9 _! in/ances1 & *ang+ z we deal ) !m4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! only really pr(itable discussion ( sexual matt]s is 9 t]ms ( individuality1 ?r\gh ! novel1 ! lyric1 ! play1 autobiography or biography ( ! franke/ sort4 ,b su* g5]alizations z ,i c make ,i w4 ,to me x seems manife/ t sexual matt]s may be discuss$ g5]ally 9 at lea/ ?ree p]missible & valid ways1 ( :i* ! consid]ation ( ! _w z a sy/em ( bir?s & education is only ! dom9ant *ief4 ,!re is next ! "q ( ! physical heal? & beauty ( ! community & h[ f> sexual rules & cu/oms affect t1 & ?irdly ! "q ( ! m5tal & moral atmosph]e 9 :i* sexual conv5tions & laws mu/ necess>ily be an important factor4 ,x is alleg$ t probably 9 ! case ( m51 & c]ta9ly 9 ! case ( wom51 "s sexual int]c\rse is a necess>y phase 9 exi/5ce2 t )\t x !re is an incomplet5ess1 a failure 9 ! life cycle1 a real wilt+ & failure ( en]gy & vitality & ! developm5t ( morbid /ates4 ,& = mo/ ( u half ! fri5d%ips & intimacies f :i* we d]ive ! daily int]e/ & su/a9+ =ce 9 our lives1 draw my/]i\s elem5ts f sexual attraction1 & dep5d & hesitate ^u our conception ( ! lib]ties & limits we mu/ give to t =ce4 #c4bi4 ,,! ,,in/itution ,,( ,,m>riage4 ,! individual attitudes ( m5 to wom5 & ( wom5 to m5 are necess>ily det]m9$ to a l>ge ext5t by c]ta9 g5]al ideas ( relation%ip1 by in/itutions & conv5tions4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important & debatable ( ^! is :e!r we are to consid] & treat wom5 z citiz5s & fell[s1 or z be+s diff]+ m5tally f m5 & gr\p$ 9 positions ( at lea/ mat]ial dep5d5ce to individual m54 ,our decision 9 t direction w affect all our conduct f ! l>g] matt]s d[n to ! smalle/ po9ts ( deportm5t2 x w affect ev5 our mann] ( address & det]m9e :e!r :5 we speak to a woman we %all be z frank & unaffect$ z ) a man or t\*$ ) a fa9t sugge/ion ( ! res]ves ( a cat :i* does n wi% to be suspect$ ( want+ to /eal ! milk4 ,n[ s f> z t goes x foll[s almo/ necess>ily f my views ^u ari/ocracy & democracy t ,i decl>e = ! conv5tional equality ( wom51 t is to say = ! det]m9ation to make nei!r sex nor any sexual *>act]i/ic a /&>d ( sup]iority or inf]iority1 = ! view t a woman is a p]son z important & necess>y1 z mu* to be consult$1 & entitl$ to z mu* fre$om ( action z a man4 ,i admit t ?is decision is a *oice into :i* temp]am5t ent]s1 t ,i _c produce compell+ reasons :y anyone else %\ld adopt my view4 ,i c produce consid]ations 9 support ( my view1 t is all4 ,b !y are s implicit 9 all t has gone be=e t ,i w n tr\ble to detail !m "h4 ,! conception ( equality & fell[%ip betwe5 m5 & wom5 is an idea at lea/ z old z ,plato & "o t has recurr$ :]ev] civilization has rea*$ a phase 9 :i* m5 & wom5 7 suffici5tly releas$ f militant & economic urg5cy to talk & read & ?9k4 ,b x has nev] yet be51 at lea/ 9 ! hi/orical p]iod & 9 any b isolat$ social gr\ps1 a work+ /ructural idea4 ,! work+ /ructural idea is ! ,patri>*al ,family 9 :i* ! woman is inf]ior & submits h]self & is subord9at$ to ! man1 ! head ( ! family4 ,we live 9 a con/antly *ang+ developm5t & modification ( t tradition4 ,x is well to br+ t factor ( con/ant *ange into m9d at ! outset ( ?is discussion & to keep x !re4 ,to =get x1 & x is commonly =gott51 is to falsify e issue4 ,m>riage & ! ,family are p]5nially fluctuat+ in/itutions1 & probably sc>cely any?+ 9 mod]n life is *ang+ s mu*2 !y are 9 _! legal con/itution or _! moral & emotional quality pr(\ndly diff]5t ?+s f :at !y 7 a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,a woman :o m>ries n[adays m>ries1 if "o may put x quantitatively1 f> less ?an %e did ev5 half a c5tury ago2 ! m>ri$ woman's prop]ty act1 = example1 has revolutioniz$ ! economic relation%ip2 h] husb& has lo/ 8 "r to assault h] & he _c ev5 compel h] to cohabit ) him if %e refuses to d s4 ,legal sep>ations & divorces h come to modify ! quality & logical consequ5ces ( ! bond4 ,! rights ( p>5t ov] ! *ild h be5 ev5 m completely qualifi$4 ,! ,/ate has come 9 z protector & educator ( ! *ildr51 tak+ ov] p]sonal p[]s & responsibilities t h be5 ess5tial to ! family in/itution ev] s9ce ! dawn ( hi/ory4 ,x ins]ts itself m & m betwe5 *ild & p>5t4 ,x invades :at 7 once ! mo/ sacr$ intimacies1 & ! ,salvation ,army is n[ promot+ legislation to invade ^? ov]cr[d$ homes 9 :i* *ildr5 7x is e/imat$ to ! numb] ( ?irty or =ty ?\s&7 are liv+ z ,i write1 daily witnesses ( _! "m's pro/itution or 9 con/ant dang] ( ince/u\s attack f drunk5 fa!rs & bro!rs4 ,& f9ally z ano!r indication ( pr(\nd diff]5ces1 bir?s 7 almo/ univ]sally accid5tal a hundr$ ye>s ago2 !y are n[ 9 an increas+ numb] ( families controll$ & delib]ate acts ( w4 ,9 e "o ( _! relations d ,m>riage & ! ,family *ange & cont9ue to *ange4 ,b ! inh]5t defectiv5ess ( ! human m9d :i* my metaphysical book sets itself to analyze1 does lead x con/antly to speak ( ,m>riage & ! ,family z ?+s z fix$ & unalt]able z1 let u say1 ! *>act]i/ics ( oxyg54 ,"o is ask$1 ,d y believe 9 ,m>riage & ! ,family8 z if x 0 a case ( ei!r hav+ or n hav+ "s def9ite ?+4 ,sociali/s are accus$ ( be+ 8aga9/ ! ,family10 z if x 7 n ! case t ,sociali/s1 ,individuali/s1 high ,anglicans & ,roman ,ca?olics are ,,all aga9/ ,m>riage & ! ,family z ^! in/itutions exi/ at ! pres5t "t4 ,b once we h realiz$ ! absurdity ( ?is absolute treatm5t1 !n x %\ld become cle> t ) x goes mo/ ( ! fabric ( "r & wrong1 & ne>ly all ^? arbitr>y /&>ds by :i* we classify p into moral & immoral4 ,^? la/ words are us$ :5 z a matt] ( fact we mean ei!r con=m+ or fail+ to con=m to *ang+ laws & develop+ in/itutional cu/oms we may or may n consid] "r or wrong4 ,_! use imp>ts a flav\r ( ess5tial wrong-do+ & obliquity into acts & relations t may be 9 _m cases no m ?an social indiscipl9e1 :i* may be ev5 conceivably a c\rage\s act ( defiance to an obsolesc5t limitation4 ,su*1 until a little :ile ago1 0 a man's cohabitation ) 8 deceas$ wife's si/]4 ,?is1 :i* 0 sc&al\s ye/]day1 is n[ a legally hon\rable relation%ip1 albeit ,i believe /ill reg>d$ by ! high ,anglican z ince/u\s wick$ness4 ,n[ ,i w n deal "h ) ! in/itutional *anges t are involv$ 9 t g5]al s*eme ( progress call$ ,socialism4 ,i h discuss$ ! relation ( ,socialism to ,m>riage & ! ,family q fully 9 my 8,new ,worlds = ,old0 78,new ,worlds = ,old0 7,a4 ,con/able & ,co41 #aijh747 & to t ,i mu/ ref] ! read]4 ,!re9 he w see h[ ! economic fre$om & indep5d5t citiz5%ip ( wom51 & inde$ also ! welf>e ( ! :ole next g5]ation1 hang on ! idea ( end[+ mo!rhood1 & he w f9d too h[ mu* ( ! nature ( ! m>riage contract is outside ! scope ( ,sociali/ proposals altoge!r4 ,ap>t f ! broad proposals ( ,socialism1 z a matt] ( p]sonal conviction q outside ! scope ( ,socialism altoge!r1 ,i am p]suad$ ( ! ne$ ( mu* great] facilities ( divorce ?an exi/ at pres5t1 divorce on ! score ( mutual cons5t1 ( fai?lessness1 ( simple cruelty1 ( insanity1 habitual vice or ! prolong$ imprisonm5t ( ei!r p>ty4 ,& ?is be+ s ,i f9d x impossible to condemn on any gr\nd1 except t x is 8break+ ranks0 & mak+ a confusion1 ^? :o by anticipat+ su* wide facilities z ,i propose h s9n$ by exi/+ /&>ds4 ,h[ f> & 9 :at mann] su* break+ ( ranks is to be condon$ ,i w pres5tly discuss4 ,b x is cle> x is an (f5ce ( a diff]5t nature f actions "o believes to be 9 !mselves & ap>t f ! law repreh5sible ?+s4 ,b my scepticisms ab\t ! curr5t legal in/itutions & cu/om>y code are n exhau/$ by ^! modifications ,i h sugge/$4 ,i believe firmly 9 "s sort ( m>riage1 t is to say an op5 decl>ation ( ! exi/5ce ( sexual relations betwe5 a man & a woman1 because ,i am av]se to all unnecess>y secrecies & because ! exi/5ce ( ^! peculi>ly intimate relation%ips affects ev]ybody ab\t ! p]sons conc]n$4 ,x is ridicul\s to say z "s d t sexual relations betwe5 two p affect no "o b !mselves unless a *ild is born4 ,!y d1 because !y t5d to break d[n b>ri]s & set up a peculi> emotional p>tn]%ip4 ,x is a p>tn]%ip t kept secret may "w z anti-socially z a secret bus9ess p>tn]%ip or a secret pref]5tial railway t>iff4 ,& ,i believe too 9 ! g5]al social desirability ( ! family gr\p1 ! normal gr\p ( fa!r1 "m & *ildr51 & 9 ! extreme efficacy 9 ! normal human be+ ( ! blood l9k & pride l9k betwe5 p>5t & *ild 9 secur+ lov+ c>e & upbr++ = ! *ild4 ,b ?is cle> adhesion to ,m>riage & to ! ,family gr\p+ ab\t "m & fa!r does n close ! door to a l>ge s]ies ( exceptional cases :i* our exi/+ in/itutions & cu/oms ignore or cru%4 ,= example1 monogamy 9 g5]al seems to me to be cle>ly indicat$ 7z doctors say7 by ! fact t !re are n sev]al wom5 9 ! _w = e man1 b q z cle>ly does x seem necess>y to recognize t ! fact t !re are 7or 7 9 #aija7 #ba1dcf1ajg females to #bj1agb1ihd males 9 our ,briti% community seems to condemn our pres5t rigor\s insi/5ce ^u monogamy1 unless fem99e celibacy has its own delights4 ,b1 z ,i h said1 x is n[ l>gely believ$ t ! sexual life ( a woman is m important to h] ?an 8 sexual life to a man & less easily ignor$4 ,x is true also on ! =m] side t = ! great majority ( p "o kn[s p]sonally1 any sort ( h\sehold b a monogam\s "o conjures up pa9ful & unpleasant visions4 ,! ord9>y civiliz$ woman & ! ord9>y civiliz$ man are alike obsess$ ) ! idea ( meet+ & possess+ "o peculi> intimate p]son1 "o special exclusive lov] :o is _! v own1 & a ?ird p]son ( ei!r sex _c be associat$ ) t c\ple )\t an intol]able s5se ( privacy & confid5ce & possession de/roy$4 ,x is difficult to imag9e a second wife 9 a home :o w\ld n be & feel h]self to be a r exclud$ & inf]ior p]son4 ,b t does n aboli% ! possibility t !re are exceptional p some:]e capable (1 to co9 a phrase1 triangul> mutuality1 & ,i d n see :y we %\ld ei!r =bid or treat ) bitt]ness or ho/ility a gr\p+ we may consid] s inadvisable or s unworkable z nev] to be adopt$1 if ?ree p ( _! own free w desire x4 ,! peculi> defects ( ! human m9d :5 !y approa* ^! que/ions ( sex are re9=c$ by passions peculi> to ! topic1 & x is p]haps advisable to po9t out t to discuss ^! possibilities is n ! same ?+ z to urge ! m>ri$ read] to take unto himself or h]self a second p>tn] or a s]ies ( additional p>tn]s4 ,we are tra9$ f ! nurs]y to become secretive1 muddle-head$ & vehem5tly conclusive ^u sexual matt]s1 until at la/ ! editors ( magaz9es blu% at ! v phrase & long to put a petticoat ov] ! page t be>s x4 ,yet our rebelli\s natures insi/ on be+ int]e/$ by x4 ,x seems to me t to judge ^! l>ge que/ions f ! p]sonal po9t ( view1 to insi/ ^u ! :ole _w )\t exception liv+ exactly 9 ! mann] t suits oneself or accords ) "o's emotional imag9ation & ! =ms ( delicacy 9 :i* "o has be5 tra9$1 is n ! prop] way to deal ) !m4 ,i want z a sane social organiz] to get j z _m cont5t$ & law-abid+ citiz5s z possible2 ,i d n want to =ce p :o w\ld o!rwise be useful citiz5s into rebellion1 concealm5ts & ! d>k & furtive ways ( vice1 because !y may n love & m>ry z _! temp]am5ts comm&1 & s ,i want to make ! me%es ( ! law z wide z possible4 ,b ! common man w n und]/& ?is yet1 & seeks to make ! me%es j z small z 8 own private case dem&s4 ,!n m>riage1 to resume my ma9 discussion1 does n necess>ily mean cohabitation4 ,all wom5 :o desire *ildr5 d n want to be entru/$ ) _! upbr++4 ,"s wom5 are sexual & philoprog5itive )\t be+ s$ul\sly mat]nal1 & "s are mat]nal )\t mu* or any sexual passion4 ,!re are m5 & wom5 9 ! _w n[1 great allies1 fond & passionate lov]s :o d n live nor want to live con/antly toge!r4 ,x is at lea/ conceivable t !re are wom5 :o1 :ile desir+ (fspr+1 d n want to ab&on great c>e]s = ! "w ( mat]nity1 wom5 aga9 :o w\ld be happie/ manag+ & re>+ *ildr5 9 manless h\seholds t !y might ev5 %>e ) o!r wom5 fri5ds1 & m5 to correspond ) ^! :o d n wi% to live 9 a h\sehold ) wife & *ildr54 ,i submit1 ^! temp]am5ts exi/ & h a "r to exi/ 9 _! own way4 ,b "o mu/ recognize t ! possibility ( ^! dep>tures f ! normal type ( h\sehold op5s up o!r possibilities4 ,! polygamy t is degrad+ or absurd "u "o ro( assumes a diff]5t appe>ance :5 "o consid]s x f ! po9t ( view ( p ^: habits ( life d n c5tre ^u an isolat$ home4 ,all ! relations ,i h glanc$ at above d z a matt] ( fact exi/ to-day1 b %amefully & %abbily1 ta9t$ ) :at seems to me an unm]it$ & unnecess>y ignom9y4 ,! puni%m5t = bigamy seems to me insane 9 its sev]ity1 contra/$ z x is ) our l5i5cy to ! common s$uc]4 ,bett] ru9 a score ( wom51 says ! law1 ?an m>ry two4 ,i d n see :y 9 ^! matt]s !re %\ld n be mu* ampl] fre$om ?an !re is1 & ?is be+ s ,i c h>dly be expect$ to condemn ) any moral f]v\r or exclude f my society ^? :o h se5 fit to behave by :at ,i believe may be ! /&>ds ( ,a4,d4 #bjjj in/ead ( by ! /&>ds ( #ahej4 ,^! are (f5ces1 s f> z !y are (f5ces1 on an altoge!r diff]5t foot+ f murd]1 or exact+ usury1 or ! sweat+ ( *ildr51 or cruelty1 or transmitt+ diseases1 or unv]acity1 or comm]cial or intellectual or physical pro/itution1 or any su* ess5tially grave anti-social de$s4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 s9s on ! "o h& & m]e errors ( judgm5t & diff]5ces ( ta/e f ourselves4 ,to draw up h>% laws1 to practise exclusions aga9/ ev]yone :o does n see fit to duplicate "o's own blameless home life1 is to wa/e a numb] ( c\rage\s & exceptional p]sons 9 e g5]ation1 to drive _m ( !m into a =c$ alliance ) real crime & embitt]$ rebellion aga9/ cu/om & ! law4 #c4cj4 ,,conduct ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,! ,,?+ ,,t ,,is4 ,b ! read] mu/ keep cle> 9 8 m9d ! di/9ction betwe5 conduct t is "r or p]missible 9 itself & conduct t becomes ei!r inadvisable or mis*iev\s & wrong because ( ! circum/ances ab\t x4 ,!re is no h>m "u ord9>y conditions 9 ask+ a boy ) a pleasant voice to s+ a song 9 ! night1 b ! case is alt]$ altoge!r if y h reason to suppose t a ,r$ ,indian is ly+ 9 wait a hundr$ y>ds (f1 hold+ a load$ rifle & ready to fire at ! voice4 ,x is a valid objection to _m actions t ,i d n ?9k objectionable 9 !mselves1 t to d !m w dis*>ge a load$ prejudice into ! he>t ( my fri5d--or ev5 into my own4 ,i belong to ! _w & my "w1 & ,i mu/ n lightly ?r[ my "t1 my p[]1 my influ5ce away4 ,= a spl5did ?+ any risk or any defiance may be ju/ifiable1 b is x a suffici5tly spl5did ?+8 ,s f> z he possibly c a man mu/ con=m to common prejudices1 preval5t cu/oms & all laws1 :atev] 8 e/imate ( !m may be4 ,b he mu/ at ! same "t to 8 utmo/ to *ange :at he ?9ks to be wrong4 ,& ,i ?9k t con=mity mu/ be hone/ con=mity4 ,!re is no m anti-social act ?an secret brea*es1 & only "s v urg5t & exceptional occasion ju/ifies ev5 ! unv]acity ( sil5ce ab\t ! ?+ done4 ,if y\r p]sonal convictions br+ y to a brea*1 let x be an op5 brea*1 let !re be no misrepres5tation ( attitudes1 no meanness1 no deception ( hon\rable fri5ds4 ,( c\rse an op5 brea* ne$ n be an o/5tati\s brea*2 to d :at is "r to y\rself )\t fraud or concealm5t is "o ?+1 to make a *all5ge & aggression q ano!r4 ,y\r fri5ds may und]/& & sympa?ize & condone1 b x does n lie ^u y to =ce !m to id5tify !mselves ) y\r act & situation4 ,b bett] too mu* op5ness ?an too little4 ,squalid intrigue 0 ! %ad[ ( ! old intol]ably n>r[ ord]2 x is a %ad[ we want to illum9ate out ( exi/5ce4 ,secrets w be contrab& 9 ! new "t4 ,& if x *ances to y to feel call$ ^u to make a brea* ) ! in/itution or cu/om or prejudice t is1 rememb] t do+ s is y\r own affair4 ,y are go+ to take risks & specialize z an exp]im5t4 ,y mu/ n expect o!r p ab\t y to %>e ! consequ5ces ( y\r da% =w>d4 ,y mu/ n drag 9 confidants & second>ies4 ,y mu/ fight y\r little battle 9 front on y\r own responsibility1 unsupport$--& take ! consequ5ces )\t rep9+4 #c4ca4 ,,conduct ,,t[>ds ,,transgressors4 ,s f> z brea*es ( ! prohibitions & laws ( m>riage g1 to me x seems !y are to be tol]at$ by u 9 o!rs j 9 ! measure t1 )9 ! limits set by discretion1 !y are frank & tru?ful & animat$ by spontane\s passion & p]vad$ by ! quality ( beauty4 ,i hate ! vulg> sexual intrigu]1 man or woman1 & ! sm>t & %all[ atmosph]e ( unlov+ lu/ & vanity ab\t ! type z ,i hate few k9ds ( human life2 ,i w\ld z lief h a polecat 9 my home z ?is sort ( p]son2 & e sort ( pro/itute except ! victim ( utt] necessity ,i despise1 ev5 ?\gh m>riage be ! fee4 ,b hone/ lov]s %\ld be ,i ?9k a *>ge & pleasure = u4 ,we mu/ judge ea* pair z we c4 ,"o ?+ r5d]s a sexual relation%ip incurably (f5sive to o!rs & altoge!r wrong1 & t is cruelty4 ,b :o c def9e cruelty8 ,h[ f> is ! leav+ ( a ?ird p]son to c\nt z cruelty8 ,!re aga9 ,i hesitate to judge4 ,to love & n be lov$ is a fate = :i* x seems no "o c be blam$2 to lose love & to *ange "o's lov+ belongs to a subtle int]play beyond analysis or control1 b to be deceiv$ or mock$ or delib]ately robb$ ( love1 t at any rate is an abom9able wrong4 ,9 all ^! matt]s ,i p]ceive a g5]al rule is 9 itself a possible in/rum5t ( cruelty4 ,i set d[n :at ,i c 9 ! way ( g5]al pr9ciples1 b x all leaves (f f> %ort ( ! po9t ( application4 ,e case among ^? we "k ,i ?9k we mod]ns mu/ judge = ourselves4 ,:]e !re is d\bt1 !re ,i hold mu/ be *>ity4 ,& ) reg>d to /rang]s1 manife/ly our duty is to avoid inquisitorial & un*>itable acts4 ,?is is z true ( f9ancial & economic misconduct z ( sexual misconduct1 ( ways ( liv+ t are socially h>mful & ( political fai?4 ,we are deal+ ) p 9 a maladju/$ _w to :om absolute "r liv+ is practically impossible1 because !re are no absolutely "r in/itutions & no simple *oice ( good or evil1 & we h to balance m]its & defects 9 e case4 ,"s p are manife/ly & ess5tially base & self-seek+ & reg>dless ( ! happ9ess & welf>e ( _! fell[s1 "s 9 bus9ess affairs & politics z o!rs 9 love4 ,"s wrong-do]s aga9 are evid5tly s ?r\gh he$lessness1 ?r\gh weakness1 timidity or ha/e4 ,we h to judge & deal ) ea* sort ^u no cle> issue1 b ^u impressions !y h giv5 u ( _! _s & purpose4 ,we owe x to !m & ourselves n to judge too ra%ly or too h>%ly1 b = all t we are oblig$ to judge & take sides1 to avoid ! malignant & exclude !m f fur!r opportunity1 to help & *ampion ! *eat$ & ! betray$1 to =give & aid ! rep5tant blund]] & by m]cy to save ! less] s9n] f desp]ate alliance ) ! great]4 ,t is ! broad rule1 & x is z mu* z we h to g ^u until ! individual case comes be=e u4 ,,book ,,! ,,f\r? -- ,,"s ,,p]sonal ,,?+s4 #d4a4 ,,p]sonal ,,love ,,& ,,life4 ,x has be5 mo/ conv5i5t to discuss all t might be g5]aliz$ ab\t conduct fir/1 to put 9 ! common backgr\nd1 ! vi/as & atmosph]e ( ! sc5e4 ,b a man's relations are ( two ord]s1 & ^! que/ions ( rule & pr9ciple are ov] & ab\t & r\nd m vivid & imm$iate int]e/s4 ,a man is n simply a relation%ip betwe5 8 individual self & ! race1 society1 ! _w & ,god's ,purpose4 ,close ab\t him are p]sons1 fri5ds & enemies & lov]s & belov$ p4 ,he desires !m1 lu/s aft] !m1 craves _! affection1 ne$s _! pres5ce1 abhors !m1 hates & desires to limit & suppress !m4 ,?is is = mo/ ( u ! fle% & blood ( life4 ,we g ?r\gh ! noble sc5e ( ! _w nei!r alone1 nor alone ) ,god1 nor s]v+ an undi/+ui%able multitude1 b 9 a company ( individualiz$ p4 ,"h is a sy/em ( motives & passions1 imp]i\s & p[]ful1 :i* foll[s no broad g5]al rule & 9 :i* ea* man mu/ ne$s be a light unto himself ^u innum]able issues4 ,i am satisfi$ t ^! p]sonal urg5cies are nei!r to be suppress$ nor crudely nor ru?lessly subord9at$ to ! g5]al issues4 ,religi\s & moral tea*]s are apt to make ?is "p ( life ei!r too deta*$ or too insignificant4 ,!y tea* x ei!r z if x did n matt] or z if x ought n to matt]4 ,inde$ our individual fri5ds & enemies /& betwe5 u & hide or int]pret = u all ! l>g] ?+s4 ,few ( u c ev5 wor%ip alone4 ,we mu/ feel o!rs1 & ^? n /rang]s1 kneel+ beside u4 ,i h already spok5 "u ! head+ ( ,beliefs ( ! "p t ! idea ( a ,m$iator has play$ & c play 9 ! religi\s life4 ,i h po9t$ out h[ ! imag9ation ( m5 has s\ght & f\nd 9 c]ta9 p]sonalities1 hi/orical or fictiti\s1 a bridge betwe5 ! blood-w>m private life & ! intol]able spaci\sness ( "r & wrong4 ,! _w is full ( su* figures & _! images1 ,*ri/ & ,m>y & ! ,sa9ts & all ! less]1 de>] gods ( hea!ndom4 ,^! ?+s & ! human passion = liv+ lead]s & h]oes & leagues & bro!rhoods all confess ! m$iatory role1 ! m$iatory possibilities ( p]sonal love betwe5 ! individual & ! great syn!sis ( :i* he is a "p & ag5t4 ,! great syn!sis may become inc>nate 9 p]sonal love1 & p]sonal love lead u directly to univ]sal s]vice4 ,i write 8may0 & temp] t s5t5ce to ! quality ( a possibility alone4 ,?is is only true = ^? :o believe1 = ^? :o h fai?1 ^: lives h be5 unifi$1 :o h f\nd ,salvation4 ,= ^? ^: lives are *aotic1 p]sonal loves mu/ also be *aotic2 ?is or t passion1 malice1 a je/+ hum\r1 "s physical lu/1 gratifi$ vanity1 egoti/ical pride1 w rule & limit ! relation%ip & col\r its ultimate futility4 ,b ! ,believ] uses p]sonal love & su/a9s himself by p]sonal love4 ,x is 8 prov5d]1 ! meat & dr9k ( 8 campaign4 #d4b4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,love4 ,x is well p]haps to look a little into ! factors t make up ,love4 ,love does n seem to me to be a simple elem5tal ?+4 ,x is1 z ,i h already said1 "o ( ! vici\s t5d5cies ( ! human m9d to ?9k t :atev] c be giv5 a simple "n c be ab/ract$ z a s+le some?+ 9 a /ate ( qu9tess5tial purity4 ,i h po9t$ out t ?is is n true ( ,h>mony or ,beauty1 & t ^! are syn!tic ?+s4 ,y br+ toge!r ?is :i* is n beautiful & t :i* is n beautiful1 & behold6 ,beauty6 ,s also ,love is1 ,i ?9k1 a syn!tic ?+4 ,"o obs]ves ?is & t1 "o is int]e/$ & /irr$2 sudd5ly ! metal fuses1 ! dry bones live6 ,"o loves4 ,almo/ e int]e/ 9 "o's be+ may be a factor 9 ! love syn!sis4 ,b ap>t f ! ov]fl[+ ( ! p>5tal in/9ct t makes all t is f9e & delicate & "y de> to u & to be *]i%$1 !re are two ma9 factors t br+ u into love ) our fell[s4 ,!re is fir/ ! emotional elem5ts 9 our nature t arise out ( ! tribal necessity1 out ( a fell[%ip 9 battle & hunt+1 dr9k+ & fea/+1 out ( ! ne$s & excitem5ts & delights ( ^? occupations2 & !re is next ! int5s] n>r[] desir+s & gratitudes1 satisfactions & expectations t come f sexual int]c\rse4 ,n[ bo? ^! factors orig9ate 9 physical ne$s & consummate 9 mat]ial acts1 & x is well to rememb] t ?is great gr[? ( love 9 life roots !re1 &1 x may be1 dies :5 its roots are altoge!r cut away4 ,at its l[e/1 love is ! m]e %>+ (1 or r ! desire to %>e1 pleasure & excitem5t1 ! excitem5ts ( conflict or lu/ or :at n4 ,i ?9k t ! desire to p>take1 ! desire to m]ge "o's individual id5tity ) ano!r's1 rema9s a necess>y elem5t 9 all p]sonal loves4 ,x is a way out ( ourselves1 a break+ d[n ( our individual sep>ation1 j z hate is an int5sification ( t4 ,p]sonal love is ! n>r[ & int5se =m ( t break+ d[n1 j z :at ,i call ,salvation is its wide/1 mo/ ext5sive =m4 ,we ca/ aside our res]ves1 our secrecies1 our def5ces2 we op5 ourselves2 t\*es t w\ld be intol]able f common p become a my/]y ( delight1 acts ( self-abasem5t & self-sacrifice are *>g$ ) symbolical pleasure4 ,we _c tell :i* ( u is me1 :i* y4 ,our imprison$ egoism looks out ?r\gh ?is w9d[1 =gets its walls1 & is = ^? brief mom5ts releas$ & univ]sal4 ,= mo/ ( u ! /ra9 ( primordial sexual emotion 9 our loves is v /rong4 ,_m m5 c love only wom51 _m wom5 only m51 & "s c sc>cely love at all )\t bodily desire4 ,b ! love ( fell[%ip is a /rong "o also1 & = _m1 love is mo/ possible & easy :5 ! ?\ght ( physical lovemak+ has be5 bani%$4 ,!n ! lov]s w pursue int]e/s toge!r1 w "w toge!r or j\rney toge!r4 ,s we h ! w>m fell[%ips ( m5 = m5 & wom5 = wom54 ,b ev5 !n x may happ5 t m5 fri5ds toge!r w talk ( wom51 & wom5 fri5ds ( m54 ,nev]!less we h also ! /rong & altoge!r sexless gl[ ( ^? :o h f\ght well toge!r1 or drunk or je/$ toge!r or hunt$ a common qu>ry4 ,n[ x seems to me t ! ,believ] mu/ also be a ,lov]1 t he w love z mu* z he c & z _m p z he c1 & 9 _m moods & ways4 ,z ,i h said already1 _m ( ^? :o h taught religion & morality 9 ! pa/ h be5 neglectful or unduly jeal\s ( ! int5s] p]sonal loves4 ,!y h be51 to put x by a figure1 urg5t ^u ! road to ! ocean4 ,to t !y w\ld lead u1 ?\gh we come to x %iv]+1 fe>ful & unprep>$1 & !y grudge x t we %\ld /rip & plunge into ! wayside /ream4 ,b all /reams1 all riv]s come f ?is ocean 9 ! beg9n+1 lead to x 9 ! end4 ,x is ! ess5tial fact ( love z ,i conceive x1 t x breaks d[n ! b\nd>ies ( self4 ,t love is mo/ p]fect :i* does mo/ completely m]ge its lov]s4 ,b no love is altoge!r p]fect1 & = mo/ m5 & wom5 love is no m ?an a p>tial & tempor>y l[]+ ( ! b>ri]s t keep !m ap>t4 ,) _m1 ! attraction ( love seems always to fall %ort ( :at ,i hold to be its end1 x draws p toge!r 9 ! mo/ mom5t>y ( self-=getfulnesses1 & = ! re/ seems r to enhance _! egotisms & _! diff]5ce4 ,!y are secret f "o ano!r ev5 9 _! embraces4 ,!re is a sort ( love t is egoti/ical lu/ almo/ reg>dless ( its p>tn]1 a sort ( love t is m]e fle%less pride & vanity at a :ite heat4 ,!re is ! love-mak+ t spr+s f %e] bor$om1 l a man read+ a /ory-book to fill an h\r4 ,^! inf]ior loves seek to accompli% an agreeable act1 or !y seek ! pursuit or glory ( a liv+ possession1 !y aim at gratification or excitem5t or conque/4 ,true love seeks to be mutual & easy-m9d$1 free ( d\bts1 b ^! egoti/ical mock]ies ( love h always res5tm5t 9 !m & hatr$ 9 !m & a wat*ful di/ru/4 ,jeal\sy is ! measure ( self-love 9 love4 ,true love is a syn!tic ?+1 an outcome ( life1 x is n a univ]sal ?+4 ,x is ! individualiz$ correlative ( ,salvation2 l t x is a syn!tic consequ5ce ( conflicts & confusions4 ,_m p d n desire or ne$ ,salvation1 !y _c und]/& x1 mu* less a*ieve x2 = !m *aotic life suffices4 ,s too1 _m nev]1 save = "s r>e mom5t ( illum9ation1 desire or feel love4 ,its happy ab&onm5t1 its c>eless self-giv+1 ^! ?+s are m]e fooli%ness to !m4 ,b mu* has be5 said & sung ( fai? & love alike1 & 9 _! confus$ gre$ ^! ?+s also !y desire & p>ody4 ,s !y act wor%ip & make a f9e fuss ( _! devotions4 ,& also !y mu/ h a few half-furtive1 half-flaunt+ fall5 love-triumphs pr[l+ ! secret back/reets ( _! lives1 !y "k n :y4 7,9 sett+ ?is d[n be x rememb]$ ,i am do+ my be/ to tell :at is 9 me because ,i am try+ to put my :ole view ( life be=e ! read] )\t any vital omissions4 ,^! are difficult matt]s to expla9 because !y h no cle> outl9es2 "o lets 9 a h>d light sudd5ly ^u ?+s t h lurk$ 9 w>m intimate %ad[s1 dim inn] ?+s eng5d]+ motives4 ,i am n only tell+ quasi-secret ?+s b explor+ !m = myself4 ,!y are none ! less real & important because !y are elusive47 ,true love ,i ?9k is n simply felt b kn[n4 ,j z ,salvation z ,i conceive x dem&s a f9e intellig5ce & m5tal activity1 s love calls to bra9 & body alike & all "o's p[]s4 ,!re is always elaborate ?9k+ & dream+ 9 love4 ,love w /ir imag9ations t h nev] /irr$ be=e4 ,love may be1 & is = ! mo/ "p1 "o-sid$4 ,x is ! go+ out f oneself t is love1 & n ! accid5t ( its return4 ,x is ! exp$ition :e!r x fail or succe$4 ,b an exp$ition />ves t comes to no port4 ,love always seeks mutuality & gr[s by ! s5se ( responses1 or we %\ld love beautiful inanimate ?+s m passionately ?an we d4 ,fail+ a full return1 x makes ! mo/ ( an inadequate return4 ,fail+ a su/a9$ return x welcomes a tempor>y co9cid5ce4 ,fail+ a return x f9ds support 9 accept$ sacrifices4 ,b x seeks a full return1 & ! fulness ( life has come only to ^? :o1 lov+1 h met ! lov]4 ,i am try+ to be z explicit z possible 9 ?us writ+ ab\t ,love4 ,b ! sub/ance 9 :i* "o works "h is emotion t evades def9ition1 poetic fla%es & figures ( spee* are tru] ?an prosaic /atem5ts4 ,body & ! mo/ sublimat$ ec/asy pass into "o ano!r1 ex*ange !mselves & elude e net ( words we ca/4 ,i h put out two ideas ( unification & self-devotion1 extremes ^u a scale "o f ano!r2 "o ( ^! ideas is t devotion to ! ,purpose 9 ?+s ,i h call$ ,salvation2 ! o!r t devotion to "s o!r mo/ fitt+ & satisfy+ individual :i* is passionate love1 ! =m] ext5sive z ! univ]se1 ! latt] ! int5se/ ?+ 9 life4 ,^!1 x seems to me1 are ! b\nd>y & ! liv+ capital ( ! empire ( life we rule4 ,all empires ne$ a compreh5d+ b\nd>y1 b _m h n "o capital b _m *ief cities1 & all h cities & t[ns & villages beyond ! capital4 ,x is an impov]i%$ capital t has no dep5d5t t[ns1 & x is a poor love t w n ov]fl[ 9 affection & eag] k9dly curiosity & sympa?y & ! se>* = fre% mutuality4 ,to love is to g liv+ radiantly ?r\gh ! _w4 ,to love & be lov$ is to be fe>less ( exp]i5ce & ri* 9 ! p[] to give4 #d4c4 ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,love4 ,love is a ?+ to a l>ge ext5t 9 its beg9n+s volunt>y & controllable1 & at la/ q involunt>y4 ,x is s h$g$ ab\t by obligations & consequ5ces1 real & artificial1 t = ! mo/ "p ,i ?9k p are ov]mu* afraid ( x4 ,& also ! tradition ( s5tim5t t sugge/s its =ms & guides x 9 ! _w ab\t u1 is f> too /rongly exclusive4 ,x is n s mu* :5 love is gl[+ z :5 x is becom+ habitual t x is jeal\s = itself & o!rs4 ,lov]s a little exhau/+ _! mutual int]e/ f9d a fillip 9 an alliance aga9/ ! _w4 ,!y bury _! tal5t ( und]/&+ & sympa?y to return x duly 9 a clean napk94 ,!y n>r[ _! int]e/ 9 life le/ ! o!r lov] %\ld misund]/& _! amplitude z disloyalty4 ,our in/itutions & social cu/oms seem all to assume a def9it5ess ( pref]5ce1 a s+l5ess & a limitation ( love1 :i* is n psy*ologically ju/ifiable4 ,p d n1 ,i ?9k1 fall naturally into agreem5t ) ^! assumptions2 !y tra9 !mselves to agreem5t4 ,!y take refuge f exp]i5ces t seem to c>ry ) !m ! risk at lea/ ( p]plex+ situations1 9 a !ory ( b>r$ possibilities & lock$ doors4 ,h[ f> ?is %y & cultivat$ irresponsive lovelessness t[>ds ! _w at l>ge may n c>ry ) x ! possibility ( comp5sat+ int5sities1 ,i d n "k4 ,q equally probable is a />vation ( "o's emotional nature4 ,! same reasons t make me decide aga9/ m]e wanton ab/95ces make me ho/ile to ! common conv5tion ( emotional indiff]5ce to mo/ ( ! *>m+ & int]e/+ p "o enc\nt]s4 ,9 pleas+ & be+ pleas$1 9 ! mutual int]e/1 ! mutual op5+ out ( p to "o ano!r1 is ! key ( ! door to all sweet & mell[ liv+4 #d4d4 ,,love ,,& ,,dea?4 ,= he :o has fai?1 dea?1 s f> z x is 8 own dea?1 ceases to possess any quality ( t]ror4 ,! exp]im5t w be ov]1 ! r9s$ beak] return$ to its %elf1 ! cry/als gone dissolv+ d[n ! wa/e-pipe2 ! du/] sweeps ! b5*4 ,b ! dea?s ( ^? we love are h>d] to und]/& or be>4 ,x happ5s t ( ^? v intimate ) me ,i h lo/ only "o1 & t came sl[ly & elaborately1 a long gradual sep>ation wr\ght by ! accumulation ( ye>s & m5tal decay1 b _m close fri5ds & _m :om ,i h c\nt$ ^u = sympa?y & fell[%ip h pass$ out ( my _w4 ,i miss su* a "o z ,bob ,/ev5son1 t lum9\s1 extravagant talk]1 t eag] fanta/ic m9d4 ,i miss him :5ev] ,i write4 ,x is less pleasure n[ to write a /ory s9ce he w nev] read x1 mu* less give me a ^w ( praise = x4 ,& ,i miss ,york ,p[ell's fri5dly laught] & ,h5ley's exub]ant welcome4 ,!y made a w>m? t has gone1 ^? m54 ,i c und]/& :y ,i1 ) my fumbl+ lucidities & explanations1 h to f9i% up pres5tly & g1 express+ z ,i d ! mood ( a type & ( a "t2 b n ^? radiant pres5ces4 ,& ! gap ^! m5 h left1 ^! m5 ) :om aft] all ,i only sat n[ & aga91 or wrote to 9 a *e]ful mood or got a lett] f at odd times1 gives me "s measure ( ! ?+ t happ5s1 t may happ51 :5 ! m9d t is always ne> "o's ?\ghts1 ! p]son :o moves to "o's movem5t & lights ne>ly all ! common fl[ ( ev5ts ab\t "o ) ! rem9d] ( fell[%ip & mean+--ceases4 ,fai? :i* fe$s on p]sonal love mu/ at la/ prevail ov] x4 ,if ,fai? has any virtue x mu/ h x "h :5 we f9d ourselves b]eft & isolat$1 fac+ a _w f :i* ! light has fl$ leav+ x bleak & /range4 ,we live = exp]i5ce & ! race2 ^! individual int]ludes are j helps to t2 ! w>m inn 9 :i* we lov]s met & refre%$ 0 b a halt on a j\rney4 ,:5 we h lov$ to ! int5se/ po9t we h done our be/ ) ea* o!r4 ,to keep to t image ( ! inn1 we mu/ n sit ov]long at our w9e beside ! fire4 ,we mu/ g on to new exp]i5ces & new adv5tures4 ,dea? comes to "p u & turn u out & set u on ! road aga94 ,b ! dead /ay :]e we leave !m4 ,i suppose t is ! real good 9 dea?1 t !y d /ay2 t x makes !m immortal = u4 ,liv+ !y 7 mortal4 ,b n[ !y c nev] spoil !mselves or be spoilt by *ange aga94 ,!y h f9i%$--= u inde$ j z mu* z !mselves4 ,!re !y sit = ev]1 r\nd$ (f & bright & done4 ,beside ^! cle> & c]ta9 memories ,i h ( my dead1 my impressions ( ! liv+ are vague provisional ?+s4 ,& s9ce !y are gone out ( ! _w & become immortal memories 9 me1 ,i feel no ne$ to ?9k ( !m z 9 "s disembodi$ & incompreh5sible else:]e1 *ang$ & yet n done4 ,i want actual immortality = ^? ,i love z little z ,i desire x = myself4 ,inde$ ,i dislike ! idea t ^? ,i h lov$ are immortal 9 any real s5se2 x conjures up dim uncom=table drift+ phantoms1 t h no k9dr$ ) ! fle% & blood ,i knew4 ,i w\ld z soon ?9k ( !m trail+ aft] ! tides up & d[n ! ,*annel outside my w9d[4 ,bob ,/ev5son = me is a pres5ce utt]ly concrete1 sl\*+1 eag]1 quick-ey$1 intimate & pr(\nd1 c>elessly dress$ 7at ,s&gate he commonly wore a little felt hat t belong$ to 8 son7 & himself1 himself1 indissoluble matt] & _s1 d[n to ! heels ( 8 boots4 ,i _c conceive ( 8 z any b a concrete immortality4 ,if he lives1 he lives z ,i knew him & clo!d z ,i knew him & ) 8 unalt]able voice1 9 a heav5 ( da$al fl[]s or a hell ( ineffectual flame2 he lives1 dream+ & talk+ & expla9+1 expla9+ x all v e>ne/ly & prepo/]\sly1 s ,i picture him1 into ! e> ( ! amus$1 incr$ul\s1 pr9cipal p]son 9 ! place4 ,i h a real hatr$ = ^? dre>y fools & knaves :o w\ld h me suppose t ,h5ley1 t crippl$ ,titan1 may conceivably be tapp+ at ! und]side ( a mahogany table or scrat*+ /ifl$ incoh]5ce into a lock$ slate6 ,h5ley tapp+6--= ! pr(essional purposes ( ,sludge6 ,if he f\nd himself among ! circum/ances ( a spirituali/ seance he w\ld1 ,i "k1 in/antly sma% ! table ) t big fi/ ( 84 ,& z ! spl9t]s flew1 surely ,york ,p[ell1 out ( ! dead pa/ f :i* he %9es on me1 w\ld laugh t he>ty laugh ( 8 back into ! _w aga94 ,h5ley is n[h]e n[ except t1 r$-fac$ & jolly l an ,octob] sunset1 he leans ov] a gate at ,wor?+ aft] a long day ( picnick+ at ,*anctonbury ,r+1 or sits at 8 ,wok+ table prais+ & quot+ 8,! ,admiral ,ba%ville10 or blue-%irt$ & we>+ t hat t ,ni*olson has pa9t$1 is ?ru/ & lugg$1 laugh+ & talk+ aside 9 8 ba?-*air1 along ! ,wor?+ esplanade444 ,& ,bob ,/ev5son walks = ev] ab\t a g>d5 9 ,*iswick1 talk+ 9 ! dusk4 #d4e4 ,,! ,,consolation ,,( ,,failure4 ,t p>able ( ! tal5ts ,i h made su* free use ( 9 ?is book has "o significant defect4 ,x gives b two cases1 & ?ree are possible4 ,!re 0 fir/ ! man :o buri$ 8 tal5t1 & ( 8 condemnation we are assur$4 ,b ^? o!rs all took _! tal5ts & us$ !m c\rage\sly & came back ) ga94 ,0 t ga9 inevitable8 ,does c\rage always ensure u victory8 because if t is s we c all be h]oes & val\r is ! bett] "p ( discretion4 ,alas6 ! fai? 9 su* magic dies4 ,:at ( ! possible case ( ! man :o took 8 two or ?ree tal5ts & inve/$ !m z be/ he c\ld & 0 deceiv$ or he$less & lo/ !m1 int]e/ & pr9cipal toge!r8 ,!re is some?+ h>d] to face ?an dea?1 & t is ! realization ( failure & misdirect$ ef=t & wrong-do+4 ,fai? is no ,op5 ,sesame to "r-do+1 mu* less is x ! secret ( success4 ,! s]vice ( ,god on e>? is no processional triumph4 ,:at if "o does wrong s extremely z to condemn "o's life1 to make oneself "p ( ! refuse & n ( ! build+8 ,or :at if "o is misjudg$1 or x may be too pitilessly judg$1 & "o's co-op]ation despis$ & ! help "o br\ght becomes a s\rce ( weakness8 ,or suppose t ! f9e s*eme "o made lies %att]$ or wreck$ by "o's own act1 or ?r\gh "s hidd5 blemi% "o's (f]+ is reject$ & flung back & "o is ?ru/ out8 ,s 9 ! end x may be y or ,i w f9d we h be5 anvil & n hamm] 9 ! ,purpose ( ,god4 ,!n inde$ w come ! "t = ,fai?1 = ! la/ ^w ( ,fai?1 to say /ill /eadfa/ly1 disgrac$ or dy+1 defeat$ or discr$it$1 t all is well3-- 8,?is & n t 0 my appo9t$ "w1 & ?is ,i _h to be40 #d4f4 ,,! ,,la/ ,,confession4 ,s ^! brok5 confessions & /atem5ts ( mood & attitude come to an end4 ,b at ?is end1 s9ce ,i h1 ,i p]ceive1 run a little into a pieti/ic /ra91 ,i mu/ repeat aga9 h[ provisional & p]sonal ,i "k all ^! ?+s to be4 ,i began by disav[+ ultimates4 ,my beliefs1 my dogmas1 my rules1 !y are made = my campaign+ ne$s1 l ! knapsack & wat]-bottle ( a ,cockney soldi] invad+ "s /up5d\s m\nta9 gorge4 ,ab\t him are fa/nesses & spl5d\rs1 torr5ts & cat>acts1 glaci]s & untrodd5 sn[s4 ,he comes tramp+ on heel-worn boots & ragg$ socks4 ,beauties & blue my/]ies %9e ^u him & appeal to him1 ! enigma ( beauty smil+ ! fa9t /range smile ( ,leon>do's ,mona ,lisa4 ,he sees a light on ! grass l music2 & ! blossom on ! trees aga9/ ! sky br+s him ne> weep+4 ,su* ?+s come to him1 give !mselves to him4 ,i d n "k :y he %\ld n 9 response fl+ 8 %abby ge> aside & behave l a god2 ,i only "k t he does n d s4 ,8 grunt ( appreciation is absurd1 8 spee* goes l a crippl$ ?+--& )al1 & p>tly by virtue ( ! knapsack & wat]-bottle1 he is conqu]or ( ! valley4 ,! valley is 8 = ! tak+4 ,!re is a duality 9 life t ,i _c express except by su* images z ?is1 a duality s t we are at once absurd & full ( sublimity1 & mo/ absurd :5 we are mo/ anxi\s to r5d] ! real spl5d\rs t p]vade u4 ,?is duplicity 9 life seems to me at times in]adicable1 at times l ! confus+ ( some?+ ess5tially simple1 l ! duplication :5 "o looks ?r\gh a d\bly refract+ m$ium4 ,y ?9k 9 ?is latt] mood t y h only to turn ! cry/al ( ,icel& sp> ab\t 9 ord] to h ! :ole ?+ pla94 ,b y nev] get x pla94 ,i h be5 do+ my halt+ utmo/ to get d[n s9c]ely & simply my vision ( life & duty4 ,i h p]mitt$ myself no def5sive re/ra9ts2 ,i h %amelessly writt5 my />ke/1 & x is pla9 to me t a smile t is n m9e plays ov] my mo/ urg5t passages4 ,!re is a rebelli\s rippl+ ( ! grotesque "u our utmo/ trag$y & gravity4 ,"o's m>tiall$ phrases grimace z "o turns1 & w9k at ! read]4 ,none ! less !y signify4 ,d y note h[ 9 ?is t ,i h writt51 su* a ^w z ,believ] w beg9 to we> a capital lett] & give itself solemn ridicul\s airs8 ,x does n matt]4 ,x c>ries its message = all t necess>y sup]ficial absurdity4 ,?\ght has made me %ameless4 ,x does n matt] at la/ at all if "o is a little h>% or indelicate or ridicul\s if t also is 9 ! my/]y ( ?+s4 ,beh9d ev]y?+ ,i p]ceive ! smile t makes all ef=t & discipl9e tempor>y1 all ! /ress & pa9 ( life endurable4 ,9 ! la/ resort ,i d n c>e :e!r ,i am seat$ on a ?rone or drunk or dy+ 9 a gutt]4 ,i foll[ my lead+4 ,9 ! ultimate ,i "k1 ?\gh ,i _c prove my k 9 any way :atev]1 t ev]y?+ is "r & all ?+s m9e4 ,,! ,,end4