,,ma/]pieces ,,9 ,,col\r    ,,edit$     
,,by--,t4 ,,leman ,,h>e      ,,b]n>d9o  
,,lu9i          ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,s]ies  
,,arti/4             ,,au?or4           
,,velazquez4          ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4
    ,,reynolds4           ,s4 ,l4       
,,b5susan4    ,,turn]4             ,c4  
,,lewis ,,h9d4    ,,romney4             
,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4    ,,greuze4         
,,alys ,,eyre ,,mackl94    ,,botticelli4
         ,,h5ry ,b4 ,,b9ns4             
,,rossetti4           ,,luci5 ,,piss>ro4
    ,,bell9i4            ,,george ,,hay4
    ,,fra ,,angelico4       ,,james     
,,mason4    ,,rembr&t4          ,,josef 
,,israels4    ,,leighton4           ,a4 
,,lys ,,baldry4    ,,raphael4           
,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4    ,,holman ,,hunt4
        ,,m>y ,e4 ,,col]idge4           
,,titian4             ,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4
    ,,millais4            ,a4 ,,lys     
,,baldry4    ,,c>lo ,,dolci4            
,,george ,,hay4    ,,ga9sbor\gh4        
,,max ,,ro?s*ild4    ,,t9toretto4       
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4    ,,lu9i4           

,,james ,,mason4    ,,franz ,,hals4     
,,edgcumbe ,,/aley4    ,9 ,prep>ation   
,,van ,,dyck4           ,,p]cy ,m4      
,,turn]4    ,,:i/l]4           ,t4      
,,m>t9 ,,wood4    ,,leon>do ,,da ,,v9ci4
  ,m4 ,w4 ,,brockwell4    ,,rub5s4      
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4    ,,burne-,,jones4  
,a4 ,,lys ,,baldry4    ,j4 ,f4 ,,millet4
       ,,p]cy ,m4 ,,turn]4    ,,*>d94   
,,paul ,g4 ,,konody4    ,,fragon>d4     
,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4    ,,holbe94   
,s4 ,l4 ,,b5susan4    ,,b\*]4           
,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4    ,,vig,e ,,le
 ,,brun4      ,c4 ,,haldane ,,macfall4  
,,watteau4            ,c4 ,,lewis ,,h9d4
    ,,murillo4            ,s4 ,l4       
,,b5susan4    ,,& ,,o!rs4               
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4--,,madonna ,,&
 ,,*ild4 ,frontispiece    7,9 ! ,wallace
 ,collection7    ,?is is ano!r admirably
 pa9t$ /udy ( ! arti/'s fav\rite        
subject4 ,! attitude ( ! *ild is mo/    
engag+1 ! pa9t+ (  ! limbs is full (    
skill1 & ! backgr\nd adds consid]ably to
  ! picture's attractions4 ,x w be not$ 

t ,lu9i appe>s to h  employ$ ! same     
model = mo/ ( 8 /udies ( ! ,madonna4    
,b]n>d9o ,,lu9i    ,,by ,,james ,,mason 
,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,eight ,,reproductions 
,,9 ,,col\r      ,illu/ration           
,,london3 ,t4 ,c4  ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack       
,,new ,,york3 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes     
,,co4          ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations 
,plate       ,i4 ,madonna & ,*ild       
,frontispiece            ,9 ! ,wallace  
,collection                             
,page      ,,ii4 ,il ,salvatore         
#ad            ,9 ! ,ambrosiana1 ,milan 
,,iii4 ,salom & ! ,head ( ,/4 ,john !   
,bapti/     #bd            ,9 ! ,uffizi 
,gall]y1 ,flor5ce        ,,iv4 ,! ,my/ic
 ,m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e            #cd  
,9 ! ,br]a1 ,milan         ,v4 ,!       
,madonna ( ! ,rose                      
#dj            ,9 ! ,br]a1 ,milan       
,,vi4 ,detail ( ,fresco                 
#ej            ,9 ! ,br]a1 ,milan       
,,vii4 ,head ( ,virg9                   
#fj            ,9 ! ,ambrosiana1 ,milan 
,,viii4 ,burial ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e           

#gj            ,9 ! ,br]a1 ,milan       
,illu/ration    ,i    ,a ,,retrospect   
,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! long & fasc9at+ hi/ory (
 ,italian ,art we  see t ! _s ( !       
,r5aissance fir/ flutt]$ ov] ! m9ds  (  
m5 mu* z ! _s ( life is said h mov$ ov] 
! face (  ! wat]s be=e ! fir/ *apt] (   
creation's m>vell\s /ory 0  writt54     
,beg9n+s 7 small1 progress 0 sl[1 & !   
lives (  ! great arti/s mov$ v unev5ly  
to _! appo9t$ end4    ,!re 7 "s :o rose 
to fame & =tune dur+ _! life1 &  !n di$ 
s completely t no biography c hope to   
r\se any  int]e/ 9 _! "w among succe$+  
g5]ations4    ,!re 7 o!rs :o work$ 9    
sil5ce & )\t rclame ( any  sort1 cont5t 
) ! respect & e/eem ( ^? ) :om !y came  
into imm$iate contact1 indiff]5t to !   
plaudits ( ! cr[d or  ! noisy praises ( 
^? :o are n qualifi$ to judge4 ,true    
s]vants ( ! we/]n _w's religion1 !y     
translat$ "w into  t]ms ( moral life1 & 
moral life into t]ms ( "w4 ,m]it l  tru?
 w out1 & :5 "t has sift$ good "w f bad 
&  spuri\s reputations f g5u9e ones1 _m 

m5 :o flutt]$ !  dovecotes ( _! own     
g5]ation disappe> f sight altoge!r2  "s 
o!rs :o wr\ght unse51 nev] /riv+ to ga9 
! popul> e>  or eye1 rise on a sudd5 to 
heights t might h made !m giddy  _h !y  
liv$ to be consci\s ( _! own elevation4 
,!y 7  l[ly1 b _! fame inh]its ! e>?4   
,b]n>d9o ,lu9i1 ! subject ( ?is little  
/udy1 calls u away f  ! great art       
c5tres--f ,v5ice & ,flor5ce & ,rome2 8  
record  0 made & is to be f\nd to-day   
amid ! pla9s ( ,lomb>dy4 ,milan  is n   
always reg>d$ z "o ( ! great art c5tres 
( ,italy 9  spite ( ! ,br]a1 !          
,ambrosiana1 & ! ,poldi ,pezzoli ,palace
  collections1 b no lov] ( pictures ev] 
w5t = ! fir/ "t to  ! gall]ies ( ,milan 
9 a rev]5t _s & ) a pati5t eye  )\t     
feel+ t he _h discov]$ a pa9t] ( g5ius4 
,he may n  ev5 h he>d 8 "n be=e1 b he w 
come away q  det]m9$ to le>n all he may 
ab\t ! man :o pa9t$ ! wond]ful  frescoes
 t seem de/9$ to reta9 _! spiritual     
beauty till !  la/ fa9t trace ( ! design
 passes beyond ! rea* ( ! eye1 !  man :o

 pa9t$ ! panel picture ( ! ,virg9 ( !   
,rose ,trees1  reproduc$ ) o!r ( 8      
ma/]-works 9 ^! pages4    ,illu/ration3 
,,plate ,,ii4--,,il ,,salvatore    7,9 !
 ,ambrosiana1 ,milan7    ,?is picture1  
"o ( ! treasures ( ! beautiful          
collection 9 !  ,p9acoteca ( ,ambrosiana
 9 ! ,piazza della ,rosa1 hangs by !    
same  arti/'s picture ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 
z a ,*ild4 ,! "r h& (  ,*ri/ is rais$ 9 
! attitude ( b5$iction1 & ! head has a  
curi\sly g5u9e beauty4 ,! pres]vation ( 
?is picture is  wond]ful1 ! col\r+      
reta9s mu* ( its e>ly gl[4 ,! head is   
almo/ fem99e 9 its t5d]ness & be>s a    
lik5ess to ,lu9i's  fav\rite model4     
,to g to ! ,br]a is to feel some?+ ak9  
to hung] = ! hi/ory  ( ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i or
 ,lu9o or ,luv9o z he is call$ by ! few 
:o h f\nd occasion to m5tion him1 al?\gh
 p]haps ,lu9i is !  g5]ally accept$ &   
be/ kn[n spell+ ( ! "n4 ,un=tunately  ! 
hungry feel+ _c be fully satisfi$4      
,catalogues or guide  books date ! ye> (
 ,lu9i's bir? at or ab\t #adgj1 & tell u

  t he di$ 9 #aecc1 & z ?is is a p]iod t
 ,giorgio ,vas>i  cov]s1 we turn eag]ly 
to ! well-rememb]$ volumes ( ! old      
gossip hop+ to f9d "s /ories ( ! ,lomb>d
 pa9t]'s life &  "w4 ,we are eag] to "k 
:at mann] ( man ,lu9i 01 :at =ces       
influ5c$ him1 h[ he appe>$ to 8         
contempor>ies1 :e!r he _h  a fair       
measure ( ! l>ge success t att5d$ !     
lead+ arti/s  ( 8 day4 ,7 8 patrons     
great m5 :o rew>d$ him z he  des]v$--h[ 
did he f>e :5 ! ev5+ came :]e9 no man   
may  "w8 ,surely !re is ample scope = ! 
score ( qua9t comm5ts &  amus+ if       
unreliable anecdotes ) :i* ,vas>i liv5s 
8 pages4 ,we  are confid5t t !re w be   
mu* to rew>d ! se>*1 because  ,b]n>d9o  
,lu9i & ,giorgio ,vas>i 7 contempor>ies 
aft] a  fa%ion4 ,vas>i w\ld h be5       
tw5ty-"o ye>s old :5 ,lu9i di$1  ! writ]
 ( ! ,lives w\ld h se5 frescoes & panel 
pictures  9 all ! glory ( _! fir/       
creation4 ,he c\ld n h fail$ to  be     
impress$ by ! extraord9>y beauty ( !    
arti/'s conceptions1  ! skill ( 8       

treatm5t ( s+le figures1 ! weal? ( !    
curi\s & elusive *>m t we call          
atmosph]e--a *>m to :i*  all ! _w's     
ma/]pieces are indebt$ 9 v>y+ degrees--!
  all-p]vad+ s5se ( a delightful & ref9$
 p]sonality1 leaves  u eag] = ! facts t 
mu/ h be5 well )9 ! grasp (  ! pa9t]'s  
contempor>ies4    ,alas = ^!            
expectations6 ,vas>i dismisses ,b]n>d9o 
del ,lup9o1  z he calls him1 9 six or   
eight s5t5ces1 & :at he says has no     
biographical value at all4 ,! ref]5ce   
reads suspici\sly l :at  is kn[n 9 ! _w 
( j\rnalism z padd+4 ,inde$1 z ,vas>i 0 
a fair judge1 & ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i 0 n "o ( 
^? ,v5etians :om  ,vas>i held m or less 
9 contempt1 !re seems to be "s reason  =
 ! sil5ce4 ,p]haps x 0 an intimate &    
p]sonal "o1 "s  unrecord$ bitt]ness     
betwe5 ! pa9t] & "o ( ,vas>i's fri5ds1  
or betwe5 ,vas>i himself & ,lu9i or "o (
 8 bro!rs or  *ildr54 ,:atev] ! cause   
!re is no mi/ake ab\t ! result4 ,we     
grumble at ,vas>i1 we ridicule 8        
inaccuracies1 we regret 8  limitations1 

we sc(f at 8 prejudices1 b :5 he )holds 
!  light ( 8 inve/igation f contempor>y 
pa9t]s :o did n  enjoy ! fav\r ( popes &
 emp]ors1 we w&] 9 a des]t l&  )\t a    
guide1 & se>* ) little or no success = !
 details  t w\ld s]ve to set ! pa9t]    
be=e u4    ,_m m5 h tak5 up ! "w (      
inve/igation1 = ,lu9i gr[s  /eadily 9   
fav\r & e/eem1 b :at ,vas>i might h done
 9 a  week nobody has a*iev$ 9 a decade4
    ,a few unimportant *ur* docum5ts    
relat+ to commissions giv5 to  ! pa9t]  
are /ill extant4 ,he wrote a few words  
on 8 frescoes2  "h & !re a /ray ref]5ce 
appe>s 9 ! works ( ,italian  writ]s ( ! 
sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 b our k  :5
 x has be5 sift$ & arrang$ is rem>kably 
small &  deplorably incomplete4 ,dr4 ,j4
 ,c4 ,williamson1 a pa9/ak+ critic &  a 
compet5t s*ol>1 has writt5 an int]e/+   
volume deal+ )  ! pa9t]1 & 9 ! mak+ ( x 
he has consult$ ne>ly fifty             
au?orities--,italian1 ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & 
,g]man--only to f9d x is  impossible to 
ga!r a %ort *apt] ( reliable &          

consecutive  biography f !m all4 ,our   
only hope lies 9 ! discov]y ( "s  ri*   
/ore ( in=mation 9 ! public or private  
libr>ies ( ,milan  among ! manuscripts t
 are ! delight ( ! s*ol>s4 ,c\ntless    
docum5ts lie unread1 _m fam\s libr>ies  
are uncatalogu$1 !  ar*ives ( sev]al    
noble ,italian h\ses t play$ an         
important "p  9 fifte5? & sixte5? c5tury
 ,italy h /ill to be giv5 to !  _w4 ,x  
is n unreasonable to suppose t records (
 ,lu9i's life  exi/1 & 9 ^! days :5     
s*ol>%ip is ev] ext5d+ its  b\nd>ies !re
 is hope t "s s*ol> w lay ! ev] gr[+    
circle ( ! pa9t]'s admir]s "u la/+      
obligations4 ,until t  "t comes we mu/  
be cont5t to "k ! man ?r\gh ! "w t he   
has left beh9d him1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( fad+
 frescoes1 /ray  alt>pieces1 & a few    
panel pictures4 ,happily !y h a def9ite 
& pleasant /ory to tell4    ,we mu/ g to
 ,milan = ,lu9i j z we mu/ g to ,rome = 
,raphael  & to ,madrid = ,velazquez &   
,titian & to ,v5ice = ,jacopo  ,robu/i  
:om m5 /ill call ! ,little ,dy]         

7,t9toretto74 ,9 ,london we  h "o pa9t+ 
on wood1 ,*ri/ & ! ,ph>isees1 br\ght f  
! ,borghese ,palace 9 ,rome4 ,! head (  
,*ri/ is /rangely fem99e1  ! f\r        
,ph>isees r\nd him are f9ely pa9t$1 & ! 
picture has  probably be5 attribut$ to  
,leon>do da ,v9ci at "s p]iod ( its     
c>e]4 ,!re are ?ree frescoes 9 ,s\?     
,k5s+ton & a few panel  pictures 9      
private collections4 ,! ,l\vre is m     
=tunate ?an our  ,national ,gall]y1 x   
has sev]al frescoes & two or ?ree       
panels4 ,9  ,switz]l&1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4  
,m>y & ! ,angels 9 ,lugano1 is a        
wond]ful scre5 picture ( ! ,passion (   
,*ri/ ) "s hundr$s  ( figures 9 x1 & !  
re/ ( ,lu9i's "w seems to be 9 ,italy4  
,! great] "p is to be f\nd 9 ,milan1 "s 
important frescoes  hav+ be5 br\ght to !
 ,br]a f ! h\se ( ! ,pelucca family  9  
,monza1 :ile !re are "s important works 
9 ,flor5ce 9 !  ,pitti & ,uffizi        
,gall]ies4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] at    
,lu9o on !  %ores ( ,lake ,maggiore1 !  
little t[n :]e ,b5>d9o 0 born &  f :i*  

he took 8 "n1 !re are "s frescoes b !y  
are 9 a  v fad$ condition4 ,! p ( ! lake
 side t[n h mu* to  say ab\t ! ma/] :o  
has made ,lu9o a place ( pilgrimage b   
_! /ories are q unreliable4             
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,salom   
,,& ,,! ,,head ,,( ,,/4 ,,john ,,!      
,,bapti/    7,9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y1      
,flor5ce7    ,9 ?is /rik+ & f9ely       
pres]v$ picture ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i has      
contriv$ to avoid all s5se ( horror4 ,! 
head ( ! dead ,john !  ,bapti/ is full (
 beauty1 & ev5 ,h]odias is h&l$ )\t any 
attempt to make h] repulsive4 ,suffici5t
 contra/ is suppli$ by !  execution] on 
! "r4    ,x might be held1 see+ t !     
arti/'s "w is scanty1 & (t5  9 ! la/    
/ages ( decay1 :ile 8 life /ory has fad$
 q f  ! recov]$ records ( 8             
contempor>ies1 t ,lu9i is h>dly fit     
subject = discussion "h4 ,9 a s]ies (   
little books t  seeks to introduce great
 arti/s to new fri5ds ?r\gh ! m$ium (   
reproductions t %[ ! "w z x is1 & a     
brief concise  description t aims at    

help+ ^? :o are int]e/$ to /udy !  ma/] 
= !mselves1 !re is a temptation to deal 
only ) popul>  m54 ,^! give no tr\ble to
 _! biograph] or 8 read]s1 b  aft] all x
 is n ! numb] ( pictures t an arti/     
pa9ts or  ! weal? ( detail t 8 admir]s h
 collect$ t e/abli%es  8 claim to be    
plac$ among ! immortals4 ,8 claim re/s  
^u !  quality ( ! "w done1 its relation 
to ! times 9 :i* x 0  pa9t$1 ! mood or  
_s x reveals1 ! light x ?r[s ^u !  m9d t
 conceiv$ & ! h& t execut$ x4    ,we "k 
en\gh & to sp>e ( ! m flamboyant        
p]sonalities (  ! ,v5etian & ,flor5t9e  
s*ools4 ,long p]iods ( /udy w n  exhau/ 
all !re is to le>n ab\t m5 l ,titian1   
,mi*elangelo1  ,raphael ( ,urb9o1 & !   
re/1 b ,lu9i1 ?\gh he left no writt5    
record1 w n be d5i$4 ,we d>e n pass him 
by1 see+ t we  may introduce him to "s  
admir]s :o w1 9 days to come1 seek &    
f9d :at rema9s beyond our rea* at       
pres5t4 ,8 appeal is s  irresi/ible1 !  
beauty ( 8 "w is s r>e & s endur+ t  we 
mu/ endeav\r to ! be/ ( our ability1    

h[ev] small x be1 to  decl>e 8 praise1  
to /imulate inquiry1 enl>ge 8 circle1 & 
give  him ! place t belongs to him ( "r4
 ,!re are pa9t]s 9  pl5ty ^: "w is      
admir$ & prais$1 ^: claims we ackn[l$ge 
in/antly :ile admitt+ to ourselves t we 
%\ld n c>e to live  ) _! pictures hang+ 
on r\nd u4 ,! qualities ( clev]ness  &  
brilliance pall aft] a little "t1 ! m]e 
conque/ (  te*nical difficulties ( ! k9d
 t h be5 self-inflict$  r\ses admiration
 = a :ile & !n leaves u cold4 ,b ! man  
:o  is ! happy possessor ( a fresco or a
 panel picture by ,lu9i is to  be envi$4
 ,ev5 he :o lives 9 ! neighb\rhood ( "s 
gall]y or  *ur* & only sees ! r>e ma/]'s
 works :]e1 black5+ 9 !  daily c&le     
smoke1 !y m\ld] on ! damp wall's        
trav]t9e1 w  nev] tire ( ,lu9i's        
company4 ,he w always f9d inspiration1  
enc\ragem5t1 or consolation 9 !         
reflection ( ! s]5e &  beautiful outlook
 ^u life t gave ! "w s mu* ( its  endur+
 m]it4 ,lu9i1 :atev] mann] ( man he may 
h be51 0 s  cle>ly enam\r$ ( beauty1 s  

cle>ly intol]ant ( :at is ugly &        
unref9$1 t he %rank f all t 0 co>se &   
revolt+  ei!r 9 ! life ar\nd him or 9   
c]ta9 aspects ( ! ,bible  /ories t gave 
him subjects = 8 bru%4 ,beauty &        
simplicity  7 ! objects ( 8 unceas+     
se>*1 8 mo/ exquisite  expression4    ,l
 all o!r great pa9t]s he _h 8 m>k$      
p]iods (  developm5t1 8 be/ "w 0 done 9 
! la/ ye>s ( 8 life1 b  !re is no?+ mean
 or trivial 9 any picture t he pa9t$ &  
?is is ! m to 8 cr$it because we "k f ! 
docum5ts  exi/+ to-day t he liv$ 9 ! _w 
& n 9 ! cloi/]4  ,we admire ! p]5nial   
s]5ity ( ,beato ,angelico1 we rejoice ) 
him 9 8 exquisite religi\s visions4 ,!  
peaceful quality ( 8  pa9t+ & ! happy   
c]ta9ty ( 8 fai? move u to ! deepe/     
admiration1 b we may n =get t ,angelico 
liv$ f ! "t  :5 he 0 little m ?an a boy 
to ! ye>s :5 he 0 an old man  9 !       
untr\bl$ atmosph]e ( ! mona/]y ( ,san   
,m>co 9  ,flor5ce1 t :e!r he 0 at home 9
 t mo/ fav\r$ city or  work+ 9 !        
,vatican at ,rome1 he _h no worldly     

tr\bles4 ,hon\r1  peace1 & a m9d at     
peace ) ! _w 7 ) him always4    ,b]n>d9o
 ,lu9i on ! o!r h& travell$ f "o t[n 9  
,italy to  ano!r1 employ$ by religi\s   
h\ses f "t to "t1 b always z  an arti/  
:o c\ld be reli$ ^u to d good "w *eaply4
 ,he c\ld  n h be5 ri*1 he c\ld h>dly h 
be5 fam\s1 x is ev5  reasonable to      
suppose t 8 circum/ances 7 /rait5$1 & on
  ?is acc\nt ! unbrok5 s]5ity ( 8 "w & 8
 fai?ful  devotion to beauty are ! m    
wor?y ( our praise4 ,:at 0  beautiful 9 
8 life & "w came f )91 n f )\t1 &       
p]haps because he 0 a /rang] to !       
cloi/]$ seclusion t  made ,fra          
,angelico's life s pleasantly unev5tful 
8 "w %[s  c]ta9 elem5ts ( /r5g? t are   
lack+ f ! frescoes t  adorn ! walls (   
,san ,m>co to ?is day4 ,to 8            
contempor>ies he 0  no m ?an a little   
planet w&]+ at w r\nd ^? fix$ />s  ( !  
fir/ magnitude t light$ all ! _w ( art4 
,n[ "s (  ^? great />s h lo/ _! light & 
! little planet %9es  z cle> z ,hesp]us4
          ,,ii      ,z we h said already

 no?+ is kn[n ( ,lu9i's e>ly life1      
al?\gh ! fact t he 0 born at ,lu9o on ! 
,lago ,maggiore seems  to be beyond     
dispute4 ,! p ( t little lake side t[n h
 no  d\bt at all ab\t ! matt]1 & !y say 
t ! family 0 "o (  "s di/9ction1 t      
,giacomo ( ,lu9o :o f\nd$ a mona/]y 9 8 
native place 0 ! pa9t]'s uncle4 ,p]haps 
! wi% 0 fa!r to  ! ?\ght1 & because e   
man :o sets out to /udy ! life &  "w (  
an arti/ is z anxi\s to "k z 0 ,miss    
,rosa ,d>tle  h]self1 !re are always    
facts ( a sort at 8 s]vice4 ,he :o      
seeks ! tru? c always be suppli$ )      
some?+ z mu* l x  z pa/e is to diamonds1
 & c supplem5t ! writt5 ^w ) !  aid (   
tradition4 ,! e>ly life ( ! arti/ is a  
blank1 & !  au?orities are by no means 9
 agreem5t ab\t ! ye> ( 8 bir?4  #adgj   
w\ld seem to be a reasonable date1 ) a  
little latitude on  ei!r side4 ,_m m5   
writ+ long ye>s aft] ! pa9t]'s dea?1  h 
held t he 0 a pupil ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci1
 inde$ sev]al  pictures t 7 attribut$ to
 da ,v9ci by ! au?orities (  diff]5t    

,european gall]ies are n[ recognis$ z   
,lu9i's "w1 b  ! mi/ake is n at all     
difficult to expla94 ,if we turn to ,la 
,joconda1 a portrait by da ,v9ci t hangs
 9 ! ,l\vre to-day1 &  is app>5tly      
beyond dispute 9 ! eyes ( ! pres5t      
g5]ation  ( critics1 & !n g ?r\gh !     
,br]a 9 ,milan ) a photograph  ( ,la    
,joconda's portrait 9 our h&1 x w be    
impossible to  ov]look ! /rik+          
resemblance betwe5 ,lu9i's types & da   
,v9ci's  smil+ model4 ,leon>do _h an    
academy 9 ,milan1 & x is reasonable  to 
suppose t ,lu9i work$ 9 x1 al?\gh at !  
"t :5 he is  suppos$ to h come = ! fir/ 
"t to ! capital ( ,lomb>dy1  ,leon>do da
 ,v9ci _h left1 app>5tly because ,l\is  
,,xii4 ( ,france1  c\s9 & successor ( t 
,*>les ,,viii4 :o _h tr\bl$ ! peace  (  
,italy = s long1 0 ?und]+ at ! city     
gates1 & at su* a  "t great arti/s 7 apt
 to rememb] t !y _h good patrons        
else:]e4 ,! s*ool may1 h[ev]1 h rema9$  
op5 because no  great rul]s made w> on  
arti/s1 & ,lu9i w\ld h le>n$  some?+ ( !

 _s t animat$ ,leon>do's pictures4 ,=   
o!r  ma/]s & influ5ce he seems to h gone
 to ,bramant9o & ,foppa4  ,bramant9o 0 a
 pa9t] ( ,milan & ,ambrosio ,foppa kn[n 
z  ,c>adosso 0 a native ( ,pavia & %\ld 
n be reckon$ among  ,milanese arti/s z  
he has s (t5 be54 ,he 0 r5[n$ = !       
beauty ( 8 m$als & 8 goldsmi?'s "w2 & he
 0 "o ( !  m5 employ$ by ! great family 
( ,b5tivoglio4    ,illu/ration3 ,,plate 
,,iv4--,,! ,,my/ic ,,m>riage ,,( ,,/4   
,,ca!r9e    7,9 ! ,br]a1 ,milan7    ,?is
 is a s+ul>ly attractive picture 9 :i* !
 *ild ,*ri/ may  be se5 plac+ ! r+ ^u ! 
f+] ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,! little  op5       
backgr\nd1 al?\gh free f ! slighte/     
sugge/ion (  ,pale/9e1 is v *>m+1 & !   
head ( ! ,virg9 & ,/4  ,ca!r9e help to  
prove t ,lu9i us$ few models4    ,x may 
be m5tion$ 9 ?is place t _m ,italian    
arti/s1  p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! ,flor5t9e    
s*ools1 suff]$ v greatly  f _! unceas+  
devotion to ! art ( ! m9iaturi/4 ,!y    
s\ght to a*ieve 8 detail1 8 f9e b cramp$
 h&l+1 & ?is  endeav\r 0 fatal to !m :5 

!y came to pa9t l>ge pictures  t dem&$  
skill$ composition1 & ! subord9ation (  
detail to  a l>ge g5]al effect4 ,!      
influ5ce ( ! m9iature pa9t] & !  mak] ( 
m$als kept _m a fifte5?-c5tury pa9t] 9 !
 second  grade & ,lu9i nev] q surviv$ 8 
e>ly devotion to _!  me?ods1 (t5 mak+ ! 
fatal mi/ake ( cov]+ a l>ge canvas  ) _m
 figures ( v>y+ size b equal value4 ,x  
may be rem>k$  t ,t9toretto 0 ! fir/    
great pa9t] ( ! ,r5aissance :o  le>n$ to
 subord9ate p>ts to ! :ole1 & he _h to  
face a great  deal ( unpopul>ity because
 he saw ) 8 own eyes in/ead ( us+  ^? ( 
8 pr$ecessors4    ,illu/ration3 ,,plate 
,v4--,,! ,,madonna ,,( ,,! ,,rose    7,9
 ! ,br]a1 ,milan7    ,mod]n criticism   
proclaims ?is picture ( ! ,virg9 9 a    
,b[] (  ,roses to be ! f9e/ ( ! ma/]'s  
pa9t+s4 ,n only is x  delightfully      
compos$ & ?\ght out b ! backgr\nd is    
pa9t$  ) r>e skill1 & ! col\r is ri* &  
pleas+ to ?is day4    ,x may be sugge/$1
 ) all possible respect to ^? :o hold   
diff]5t op9ions1 t ,lu9i1 ?\gh he       

respond$ to c]ta9  influ5ces1 _h no ma/]
 9 ! g5]ally accept$ s5se ( ! t]m4  ,"o 
_c trace ! def9ite relation betwe5 him &
 any old]  pa9t] t we f9d betwe5 ,titian
 & ,gian ,bell9i1 = example4 ,he  took a
 c]ta9 type f ,leon>do1 8 h&l+ f "t to  
"t  recalls ! o!r ma/]s--we h already   
ref]r$ to ! mo/  important ( ^!--b _h he
 /udi$ 9 ! s*ool ( "o man1 _h  he s]v$  
an appr5tice%ip aft] ! fa%ion ( 8       
contempor>ies1  8 pictures w\ld surely h
 be5 free f ^? faults (  composition &  
p]spective t detract s mu* f ! value ( !
  big works4 ,he seems to h be5         
self-taught r ?an to h be5  a s*oolman4 
,:ile 8 s+le figures are :olly admirable
 :e!r  on fresco or on panel1 8 gr\p+ is
 ne>ly always ineffective1  "o might say
 *ildi%1 & 8 s5se ( p]spective is by no 
means  equal to t ( 8 greate/           
contempor>ies4 ,z a draughtsman & a     
col\ri/ ,lu9i _h little to le>n f       
anybody1 & ! poetry (  8 conceptions is 
be/ und]/ood :5 x is rememb]$ t he 0 a  
poet z well z a pa9t]4 ,he is said to h 

writt5 poems &  essays1 ?\gh we are n 9 
a position to say :]e !y are to be      
f\nd1 & x is cle> t he _h a s+ul>ly     
deta*$ _s &  t ! h& ( a skill$ pa9t] 0  
associat$ ) ! m9d ( a  little *ild4 ,9  
"s aspects he is z simple z ^? primitive
  pa9t]s ( ,umbria ^: backgr\nds are all
 ( gold4 ,l s _m  o!r pa9t]s ( !        
,r5aissance ,lu9i's sa9ts & angels are  
peasant folk1 ! p he saw ar\nd him4 ,he 
may h idealis$  !m1 b !y rema9 z !y 7   
made4    ,a few records ( ! prices paid 
= ,lu9i's "w exi/ among !  docum5ts     
belong+ to *ur*es & religi\s h\ses1 &   
:ile !y  ju/ify a belief t at ! "t he   
came to ,milan ,lu9i _h a*iev$  "s      
measure ( di/9ction 9 8 call+1 !y seem  
to prove t he  0 h>dly reg>d$ z a great 
pa9t]4 ,! prices paid to him are        
ridicul\sly small1 no m ?an a liv+ wage1
 b he _h !  reputation ( be+ a reliable 
& pa9/ak+ arti/ & he w\ld  seem to h be5
 cont5t ) a small rew>d = "w t appeal$  
to him4 ,8 e>ly commissions execut$ 9 & 
ar\nd ,milan :5 he  fir/ came f ,lu9i 7 

num]\s & consi/$ v l>gely (  frescoes   
:i* are ! "w ( a "y man :o has n yet    
fre$ 8  own individuality f ! influ5ce (
 8 eld]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/  *>m+ works       
associat$ ) ?is p]iod is ! ,burial ( ,/4
  ,ca!r9e1 :i* is reproduc$ 9 ^! pages4 
,! composition is  simple en\gh1 ! h&l+ 
does n t\* ! summit ( ! pa9t]'s  lat]   
a*ievem5ts1 b ! s5tim5t ( ! picture is q
  delightful4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e is conceiv$ 9 
a _s ( deepe/  rev]5ce & devotion1 b !  
angels are j ,lomb>dy peasant girls     
born to lab\r 9 ! fields & n[ decorat$ )
 w+s 9 hon\r (  a great occasion4 ,& yet
 ! man :o c\ld pa9t ?is fresco &  c\ld  
%[ s unmi/akably 8 own simple fai? 9 !  
/ory x sets  out1 0 a poet z well z a   
pa9t] ev5 ?\gh he _h nev] writt5  a l9e1
 :ile ! treatm5t ( 8 o!r contempor>y    
frescoes &  ! f9e feel+ = appropriate   
col\r sugge/ a great future = !  arti/  
:o _h n yet rea*$ middle age4 ,we see t 
,lu9i devot$  8 bru% to my?ological &   
sacr$ subjects1 t\*+ sacr$ hi/ory  ) a  
rev]5t h&1 %utt+ 8 eyes to all t 0      

pa9ful1  express+ all t 0 pitiful or    
calculat$ to /r5g!n ! hold  ( religion  
^u ! mass 9 fa%ion de/9$ to appeal ?\gh 
9  *ang+ fa%ion = at lea/ f\r c5turies4 
,:]e ! works h  fail$ to triumph z      
expressions ( a liv+ fai? !y h *>m$     
agno/ics z an expression ( endur+       
beauty4    ,f ,milan ,lu9i seems to h   
gone to ,monza1 a city a few miles away 
f ! capital ( ,lomb>dy :]e ! rul]s (    
unit$ ,italy come  aft] _! coronation to
 receive ! iron cr[n t has be5 worn by  
! k+s ( ,lomb>dy = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s4   
,?is is ! city 9  :i* ! late ,k+        
,umb]to1 t brave & good man1 0 f\lly    
murd]$ by an an>*i/4 ,to-day "o rea*es  
,monza by ! help ( a  /eam-tram t       
blund]s heavily en\gh ov] ! wide flat   
,lomb>dy  pla94 ,! ,milanese g to ,monza
 = ! sake ( an out+1 b mo/ (  ! t\ri/s  
:o ?rong ! city /ay away1 & x is        
possible to  sp5d a few pleasant h\rs 9 
! ca!dral & *ur*es ) nev] a  flutt] (   
r$-cov]$ guide book to di/ract "o's     
att5tion f !  matt]s to :i* ! ha/y t\ri/

 is bl9d4 ,"h ,lu9i pa9t$  frescoes1 & x
 is kn[n t he /ay$ = a long "t at ! h\se
  ( "o ( ! /rong m5 ( ,monza & pa9t$ a  
l>ge numb] (  frescoes !re4 ,to-day !   
=tress1 if x 0 "o1 has become a         
f>mh\se1 & ! frescoes1 m ?an a doz5 9   
all1 h be5 tak5  away to ! ,royal       
,palace 9 ,milan4 ,dr4 ,williamson 9 8  
int]e/+  volume to :i* ! /ud5t ( ,lu9i  
mu/ be deeply indebt$1 says  t !re is "o
 left at ! ,casa ,pelucca4 ,! writ] 9 ! 
c\rse  ( two days sp5t 9 ,monza 0       
un=tunate en\gh to ov]look x4    ,x has 
be5 /at$ t ! facts relat+ to ,lu9i's    
life are few &  f> betwe54 ,fiction on !
 o!r h& is pl5tiful1 & !re is a  /ory t 
,lu9i1 %ortly aft] 8 arrival 9 ,milan1 0
 held  responsible by ! populace = !    
dea? ( a prie/ :o fell f a  ha/ily      
erect$ scaffold+ 9 ! *ur* ( ,san        
,giorgio :]e !  arti/ 0 work+4 ,! re/ ( 
! leg5d foll[s famili> l9es t  w\ld s]ve
 ! life /ory ( any lead+ arti/ ( ! "t1  
see+  t !y all pa9t$ alt>-pieces & us$  
scaffold+4 ,he is said to  h fl$ to     

,monza1 to h be5 receiv$ by ! *ief ( !  
,pelucca  family1 to h paid = 8         
protection ) ! frescoes t h  n[ be5     
br\ght f ,monza to ! ,br]a1 to h fall5  
viol5tly 9  love ) ! beautiful daught] (
 ! h\se1 to h engag$ 9  h]oic conte/s   
aga9/ great odds on h] behalf1 & s on1  
ad  absurdum4 ,if we look at ! portraits
 ! pa9t] is said to h  made ( himself & 
to h plac$ 9 pictures at ,s>onna &      
else:]e we %all see t ,lu9i 0 h>dly !   
type ( man to h  engag$ 9 ! idle        
pursuits ( *ivalry 9 ! int]vals ( ! "w  
to :i* 8 life 0 giv54 ,we h ! head ( a  
man ( ?\ght n  t ( a man ( action1 & all
 ! "* ( ! face gives !  lie to !        
sugge/ions ( ! /orytell]s4 ,x is cle>1  
h[ev]1 t  ! pa9t] made a long /ay 9     
,monza & :5 he came back to ,milan  he  
work$ = ! *ur*es ( ,/4 ,maurizio1 ,santa
 ,m>ia della ,pace1  ,santa ,m>ia di    
,br]a1 & ,/4 ,ambrosia4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,detail ,,( ,,fresco   
7,9 ! ,br]a1 ,milan7    ,?is prettily   
pos$ figure is at ! base ( a fresco ( ! 

,virg9  ) ,sa9ts 9 ! ,br]a4 ,"p ( !     
arti/'s signature 7,b]n>d9us  ,l\9us7   
may be se5 bel[4 ,x w be rememb]$ t     
,c>paccio  pa9t$ a v simil> subject4 ,! 
fresco is n too well pres]v$4    ,9     
,milan he f\nd a great patron1 no less a
 man ?an ,giovanni  ,b5tivoglio :o _h   
be5 driv5 f 8 rule ov] ,bologna by !    
,t]rible ,pontiff ,julius ,,ii41 t      
life-long oppon5t & bitt]  enemy ( !    
,borgia ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 ,aless&ro   
,b5tivoglio1 ! son  ( ! ru9$ ,giovanni1 
m>ri$ ,ippolita ,s=za1 daught] ( "o  ( !
 h\se t _h done s mu* to rule ,rome     
until ,pope  ,alex&] ,,vi4 broke its    
p[]4 ,aless&ro ,b5tivoglio commission$  
,lu9i to pa9t alt>-pieces 9 ,/4         
,maurizio :]e 8 fa!r 0  buri$1 & ! pa9t]
 includ$ 9 8 "w a portrait ( ,ippolita  
,s=za ) ?ree female sa9ts4 ,he did mu*  
o!r "w 9 ?is  *ur*2 "s ( x has fad$     
almo/ beyond recognition4    ,at ! same 
"t !re is no ne$ to ?9k t we h recov]$ !
  la/ "w ( ,lu9i or inde$ ( ! great     
ma/]s ev5 9 ! *ur*es  ( ,italy4 ,only a 

few mon?s ago ! writ] 0 9 a small       
,italian  *ur* t _h suff]$ a few ye>s   
ago f disa/r\s floods4 ,!  wat] unable  
to f9d no outlet _h ris5 = a "t almo/ to
 ! top  ( ! support+ columns4 ,! smoo?  
wall above 0 pla/]$1 &  :5 ! wat]s _h   
subsid$ x 0 f\nd t ! pla/] _h become  s 
damag$ t x 0 necess>y to remove x4      
,happily ! "w 0  done c>efully1 = "u !  
:itewa% "s excell5t frescoes 7          
discov]$4 ,!y w\ld seem to h pr(it$ by  
_! cov]+ = z  mu* z has be5 uncov]$ is  
ri* & well pres]v$4 ,x may be t  9 days 
:5 ! ,/ate ( ,italy 0 s]i\sly di/urb$1 &
 ,napoleon1  greate/ ( highwaym5 &      
conqu]ors1 aft] be+ cr[n$ 9 ,milan  ) ! 
fam\s ,monza cr[n1 0 lay+ 8 h& on all t 
seem$  wor? c>ry+ away1 "s "o 9 au?ority
 ?\ght ( ?is simple  me?od ( concealm5t1
 & obta9$ exp]t advice t enabl$ !       
frescoes to be cov]$ )\t s]i\s damage4  
,"u simil>  conditions we may yet       
discov] "s ( ! e>li] "w ( ,lu9i1        
because x is cle> t ! ye>s 9 :i* 8      
reputation 0 9 !  mak+ mu/ h be5 full ( 

a*ievem5t ( :i* ! great] "p  has n[ be5 
lo/4 ,he c\ld h>dly h be5 less ?an ?irty
 ye>s (  age :5 he came to ,milan ) a   
reputation suffici5t to ga9  commissions
 = "w 9 *ur*es2 t reputation mu/ h tak5 
ye>s to acquire1 & mu/ h be5 associat$ )
 v def9ite  accompli%m5t4 ,! lack ( all 
record 0 ess5tially ! mis=tune  t beset 
m5 :o 7 n v high 9 ! e/eem ( _!         
contempor>ies4 ,a pa9t] l ,lu9i w\ld h  
execut$ a great _m  pictures = p :o c\ld
 n pay v well1 & _h no great  gall]y or 
well-built *ur* to h>b\r ! "w1 & 9 !    
c\rse  ( "t ! "w w\ld t5d inevitably to 
disappe> be=e !  dev\r+ c&le-smoke1 or  
to be c>ri$ away by unscrupul\s         
pur*as]s :o *anc$ to be bett] equipp$ ) 
ta/e ?an  consci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1      
pa9t]s :o l$ ! v>i\s movem5ts  ( _! "t  
w\ld be hon\r$ by successive g5]ations &
 _!  "w w\ld be /or$ 9 ! be/ & safe/    
places4 ,to be sure1 fire  0 nev] a     
respect] ( palaces or p]sons1 & ! flames
 h  consum$ m "w ?an a collection ( !   
f9e/ ,r5aissance  pictures 9 exi/5ce    

c\ld %[1 b ev5 !n ! odds seem to be 9   
fav\r ( ! bigg] m5 because special ef=ts
 w\ld be made to save  _! pa9t+s :ile ^?
 ( less] m5 w\ld be left ) few  regrets 
to take _! *ance4    ,:5 ,lu9i 0 engag$ 
to "w 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,maurizio !re 0  a
 fair *ance t 8 alt>-pieces & frescoes  
w\ld be well look$  aft]1 b :5 he work$ 
= a small prov9cial family l !  ,pelucca
 ! h\se sank ) ! family =tunes till at  
la/ x became  a f>m1 & 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( !
 n9ete5? c5tury ! frescoes  7 tak5 f !  
walls ) z mu* c>e z 0 deem$ advisable4  
,d\btless ,lu9i work$ = _m m5 ^: worldly
 position 0 n z  consid]able z t ( !    
,pelucca family1 & t "w may h  disappe>$
 altoge!r4 ,! pa9t]1 z we h se51 did n  
enjoy  ! patronage ( _m great m5 be=e   
,aless&ro ,b5tivoglio1 &  l>ge          
in/itutions 7 n numb]$ among 8 e>ly     
cli5ts4 ,b he  0 n altoge!r )\t valuable
 patronage 9 ! latt] days1 &  9 ! e>ly  
'tw5ties ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! influ5tial
  ,bro!rhood ( ! ,holy ,cr[n1 "o ( !    
lead+ *>itable  in/itutions ( ,milan1   

w\ld seem to h giv5 him "s (ficial      
connection ) _! in/itution2 a recognis$ 
position )\t fix$  sal>y4 ,= !m he pa9t$
 ! magnific5t frescoes n[ 9 !           
,ambrosian ,libr>y4 ,! great "w !re 0   
divid$ by ! arti/ into  ?ree p>ts       
sep>at$ by pill>s4 ,9 ! c5tre ,lu9i has 
depict$ !  cr[n+ ) ?orns1 ,*ri/ be+     
seat$ ^u a ?rone :ile ?orns  are be+ put
 ^u ,8 head2 ,8 arms are cross$2 ,8     
expression "o  ( supreme resignation4   
,above ,him little angels look d[n or   
po9t  to a c>t\*e on :i* is writt5      
,caput ,regis ,glori ,sp9is  ,coranatur4
 ,9 ! left h& division ( ! fresco & on !
 "r1  ! =e-gr\nd is fill$ ) kneel+      
figures ^: heads are  suppos$ to be     
portraits ( ! mo/ prom95t memb]s ( !    
,society4  ,cle>ly !y are all m5 :o h   
a*iev$ "s measure ( hon\r &  di/9ction4 
,above ! kneel+ figures on ! left h&    
side ,/4 ,john  is po9t+ out ! trag$y ( 
! c5tral picture to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1  :ile
 on ! "r h& side a man 9 arm\r & ano!r  
:o is se5  fa9tly beh9d him call !      

att5tion ( a ?ird to :at is happ5+4  ,a 
cr[n ( ?orns hangs above ! "r & ! left  
h& comp>tm5t  & !re is a l&scape =      
backgr\nd4 ,x is record$ t ?is "w  took 
ab\t six mon?s1 & 0 f9i%$ 9 ,m>* #aebb  
at a co/ to !  ,society ( #aae soldi4 ,s
 ,lu9i's "w looks d[n to-day ^u a "p  ( 
! great ,ambrosian ,libr>y1 & x may well
 be t ! libr>y  itself w yield to pati5t
 inve/igation "s record1 h[ev]  simple1 
( ! pa9t]'s life1 suffici5t p]haps to   
enable u to  readju/ our m5tal focus &  
see 8 lovable figure m cle>ly4          
,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,head ,,(
 ,,virg9    7,9 ! ,ambrosiana1 ,milan7  
,"h we h ano!r well pa9t$ & f9ely       
pres]v$ head pa9t$  f "o ( ,lu9i's      
fav\rite models4 ,! arti/ mu/ h kn[n mo/
  ( ! secrets ( col\r prep>ation1 = 8 "w
 has surviv$ mu*  t 0 pa9t$ c5turies    
lat]4 ,un=tunately 8 frescoes 7  expos$ 
to ! elem5ts & h suff]$ accord+ly4    ,x
 may be urg$ t = ^? ( u :o are cont5t to
 see ) !  spiritual eye ,lu9i is        
express$ m eloqu5tly by 8 "w1 &         

p>ticul>ly by ?is great picture 9 !     
,ambrosian ,libr>y1 ?an he  c\ld hope to
 be by ! comb9$ ef=ts ( half-a-doz5     
critics1 ea*  ) 8 own special po9t (    
view & 8 prop]ly pr(\nd contempt  = !   
views ( o!rs4 ,! pa9t]'s l[ tones &     
subtle h>monies1  8 pure b limit$       
vision1 speak to u ( a g5tle1 ref9$1 &  
delicate nature1 ( an a*ievem5t t /opp$ 
%ort (  clev]ness & consequ5tly limit$  
him to ! quiet] byways (  arti/ic life1 
:ile ^? ^: inspiration 0 less1 & ^:     
gifts  7 m1 mov$ ) mu* pomp &           
circum/ance be=e admir+  contempor>ies4 
,! ref9$ m9d1 ! s5sitive s\l1 %rank f   
depict+ ! trag$y ( ! ,cr[n ( ,?orns 9 ! 
reali/ic fa%ion  t w\ld h prov$         
acceptable to s _m o!r arti/s4 ,lu9i    
=gets ! blood & ! spikes1 he almo/ =gets
 ! physical pa91  & gives u ! ,man (    
,sorr[s :o has =giv5 ,8 torm5tors       
because !y "k n :at !y d4    ,cont95tal 
gall]ies %[ u _m treatm5ts ( ! same     
famili>  !me1 !y h none to %[ t c vie ) 
?is 9 a comb9ation  ( /r5g? & delicacy t

 sets out an immortal /ory :ile  avoid+ 
! brutal realism to :i* s _m o!r arti/s 
h  succumb$4 ,we may suppose t ! objects
 ( ! ,society r\s$  ,lu9i's sympa?y to  
an ext5t t made x easy = him to accept !
  some:at paltry remun]ation ) :i* !    
,bro!rhood ( ! ,holy  ,cr[n rew>d$ him1 
& s ! picture makes its own appeal on ! 
pa9t]'s behalf1 & tells a /ory ( 8      
claims ^u our reg>d4 ,a  man may lie1 9 
fact x may be sugge/$ on ! /r5g? ( !    
,psalmi/'s /atem5t t mo/ m5 d1 b an     
arti/'s life "w tells  8 /ory 9 spite ( 
himself1 & if he lab\r ) p5 or bru% 8   
true/ biography w be se5 9 :at he leaves
 beh9d him4 ,x is n  possible to play a 
"p ?r\gh\t all ! vicissitudes ( a long  
c>e]1 & no man c\ld h giv5 u ! pictures 
t ,lu9i has  left unless he *anc$ to be 
a *oice & r>e _s4 ,we may rememb]  "h & 
n[ t ! "t 0 ri*] 9 viol5t contra/s ?an  
any (  its successors1 ! mo/ deplorable 
excesses on ! "o h&1 ! mo/  rigid       
virtues on ! o!r1 seem to h be5 !       
special product (  ! ,r5aissance4 ,:ile 

!re 7 m5 :o practis$ e vice "u  ! sun   
!re 7 o!rs :o s\ght to arre/ ,div9e     
,retribution by  ! pursuit ( all !      
virtues1 & :ile ! progress ( ! ye>s  has
 to a c]ta9 ext5t made m5 neutral t9t$ 9
 "*1 !  season ( ! ,r5aissance 0 "o (   
viol5t contra/s4 ,on behalf (  ! section
 t w5t 9 pursuit ( righte\sness let x be
 rememb]$  t heav5 & ! sa9ts 7 n matt]s 
= speculation1 !y  7 c]ta9ties4 ,e man  
knew t ,god 0 9 heav51 & t if  ! work]s 
( iniquity fl\ri%$1 x 0 t !y might be   
de/roy$ = ev]4 ,e man knew t ! sa9ts    
/ill ex]t$ _!  sup]natural p[]s & w\ld  
come d[n to e>? if ne$ be to protect  a 
devotee4 ,satan1 on ! o!r h&1 w5t arm$  
ab\t ! e>?  seek+ :om he might dev\r1 & 
hell 0 z firmly fix$ z heav54  ,9 ord]  
to und]/& ,lu9i1 8 life & times1 ^!     
facts mu/ be  borne 9 m9d4 ,! great] !  
unre/ 9 ! cities ! m !  public att5tion 
w\ld be turn$ to /atesm5 & w>riors1 & :5
  ! p]sonalities ( arti/s began to be   
consid]$1 ^? :o liv$  & ?riv$ 9 !       
ent\rage ( popes & rul]s monopolis$ !   

att5tion4 ,hundr$s ( m5 7 at "w e>n+ a  
fair liv+ &  "s local repute1 x 0 left  
to =eign fav\r to set a seal ^u         
success4 ,_h ,lu9i *anc$ to be invit$ to
 ,v5ice or to ,rome he w\ld  h be5      
hon\r$ ?r\gh\t ,lomb>dy2 b a pa9t] l a  
prophet  is (t5 )\t hon\r 9 8 own       
c\ntry4 ,lu9i's gifts 7 ( a  m quiet &  
dome/ic ord] ?an ^? ( 8 great           
contempor>ies  ,leon>do da ,v9ci &      
,mi*elangelo1 = example1 7 m ?an        
pa9t]s1 & p]haps x 0 only 9 ,v5ice t    
pa9t+ /ood by  itself & manag$ to ?rive 
alone4 ,lu9i w\ld h come into 8  k+dom  
:ile he liv$ _h ,v5ice be5 8 bir?place4 
,! g5ius (  ! ,flor5t9e s*ool s\ght to  
express itself 9 half-a-doz5  diff]5t   
ways1 no triumph 9 "o dep>tm5t ( "w c\ld
 satisfy m5  ^: long+ = self-expression 
0 insatiable4 ,9 ^? days x  0 possible =
 a man to make himself ma/] ( all k1    
lit]ally he c\ld disc\rse de omnibus    
rebus et quibusdam aliis4  ,& ?is       
diffusion ( int]e/s 0 fatal to _m a     
g5ius t might  h mov$ to amaz+ triumph  

along "o road4    ,x is cle> t ,b]n>d9o 
,lu9i nev] travell$ v f> f 8  native    
c\ntry ei!r physically or m5tally4 ,9 ! 
eyes ( 8  contempor>ies he 0 n a man (  
suffici5t importance to receive         
commissions f ! great art c5tres (      
,italy4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 may  be because  
he did n h ! good =tune to attract !    
att5tion  ( ! connoisseurs ( 8 day1 = we
 f9d t outside ,milan1 &  ! little t[n (
 ,lu9o :]e he 0 born & :5ce he took 8   
"n1 8 "w 0 done 9 comp>atively small    
t[ns l ,como1  ,legnano1 ,lugano1       
,ponte1 & ,s>onno4 ,milan & ,monza may  
be  disreg>d$ because we h already dealt
 ) ! "w !re4  ,s>onno1 :i* lies "s      
f\rte5 miles nor?-we/ ( ,milan1 is      
little  m ?an a village to-day1 & its   
*ief claim ^u ! att5tion (  ! travell]  
is its excell5t g+]bread = :i* x is     
fam\s  ?r\gh\t ,lomb>dy4 ,x has a       
celebrat$ *ur* kn[n z ! ,sanctu>y  ( !  
,bless$ ,virg9 & "h "o f9ds "s v f9e    
examples (  our pa9t]'s frescoes4 ,"s ( 
! frescoes 9 ! *ur* are pa9t$  by ,ces>e

 del ,magno o!rs by ,lan9i1 & ! re/ are 
f ! h&  ( ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i4 ,r\nd ^!      
frescoes1 :i* are ( abid+  beauty1 &    
include f9e /udies ( ! great plague     
sa9t1 ,/4 ,roque1  & t v popul> m>tyr   
,/4 ,seba/ian1 _m leg5ds congregate4  ,x
 is said t ,lu9i hav+ kill$ a man 9 a   
brawl fl$ f ,milan  to ! ,*ur* ( !      
,bless$ ,virg9 9 ,monza to claim        
sanctu>y at !  h& ( ! monks4 ,!y gave   
him ! refuge he dem&$1 &1 says !  leg5d1
 he paid = x ) frescoes4 ,?is is little 
m ?an a  v>iant ( ! /ory t he w5t to    
,monza "u simil> circum/ances  & obta9$ 
! protection ( ! ,pelucca family on !   
same t]ms4  ,9 ! abs5ce ( any?+ 9 !     
nature ( reliable record ?is /ory  has  
be5 able to pass1 b aga9/ x "o likes to 
put ! tradition  t "o ( ! heads 9 !     
frescoes is t ( ,lu9i himself4 ,we  f9d 
t head s simple1 s ref9$1 & s old--!    
be>d is long  & ! hair is scanty--& s   
s]5e 9 its expression t x is  exce$+ly  
difficult to believe t brawl+ c\ld h    
ent]$ into  ! arti/'s life4             

,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4--,,burial 
,,( ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e    7,9 ! ,br]a1       
,milan7    ,?is is "o ( ! frescoes pa9t$
 by ,lu9i = ! ,casa ,pelucca &          
transf]r$ to ,milan 9 ! beg9n+ ( !      
n9ete5? c5tury4 ,x  w be se5 t al?\gh ! 
?ree angels be>+ ! ,sa9t to h]  grave   
are obvi\sly peasant girls f ! pla9s (  
,lomb>dy w+$  = ! occasion1 ! arti/ has 
h&l$ 8 subject ) fai? &  rev]5ce4 ,!    
fresco is bett] pres]v$ ?an o!rs f !    
same  h\se4    ,! subjects ( ! pictures 
9 ,s>onno's ,sanctu>y are all biblical4 
,we h an ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 %[+ !    
same muddl$ composition  t detracts f ! 
o!r m]its ( ! arti/'s "w2 a beautiful   
,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple 9 :i* !        
composition is a great deal  bett]2 & a 
p]fectly delightful ,nativity4 ,!re is a
 ,*ri/ is  ,disput+ ) ! ,doctors1 & ?is 
is ! picture 9 :i* we f9d  ! head t is  
said to be a portrait ( ! pa9t] himself4
 ,two  female sa9ts figure 9 ano!r      
picture1 & ,lu9i's fav\rites ,/4  ,roque
 & ,/4 ,seba/ian are n =gott54 ,c]ta9ly 

if ! monks  obta9$ all t "w at ! price (
 ! pa9t]'s safety !y 7  v =tunate 9 8   
*oice ( sanctu>y4    ,como is1 ( c\rse1 
a m important t[n ) l>ge indu/ries &    
important factories1 & "o ( ! f9e/      
ca!drals 9 nor!rn  ,italy4 ,= ! int]ior 
,lu9i pa9t$ ano!r ,adoration ( ! ,magi  
& ano!r ( 8 fav\rite ,nativities4 ,x is 
n easy to speak ab\t  ! conditions "u   
:i* ?is "w 0 done1 & ! inhabitants  h s 
_m m pr(itable matt]s to att5d to t !y d
 n  seem to tr\ble !mselves ab\t !      
hi/ory ( ! pa9t] :o help$  to make _!   
beautiful ca!dral /ill m beautiful4     
,legnano1 ) its memories ( ,fr$]ick     
,b>b>ossa1 is )9 tw5ty  miles ( ,milan1 
& = ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,magno ,lu9i pa9t$ "o
 (  8 f9e/ alt>-pieces4 ,x is 9 sev5    
divisions & has e>n$ z  mu* critical    
admiration z any "w f ! ma/]'s bru%4    
,lugano is ( c\rse 9 ,switz]l&1 well    
across ! ,italian bord]4 ,x  is a popul>
 place en\gh to-day1 & s f> z we c tell1
 x 0  ! city 9 :i* ,lu9i pa9t$ 8 la/    
pictures4 ,he mu/ h left  ,milan ab\t   

#aebh or #aebi1 & he w\ld seem to h gone
 !re to  execute commissions1 = 9 !     
,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia degli ,angioli we  
f9d "s ( 8 late/ & f9e/ "w4 ,!          
,crucifixion & !  ,passion1 on ! wall ( 
! scre51 conta9s sev]al hundr$ figures  
arrang$ 9 l9es 9 mo/ ar*aic fa%ion4 ,at 
fir/ sight ! "w  appe>s z a m]e mass (  
figures )\t any c5tral po9t 9 !         
composition1 & ) v little relief = ! eye
 ( ! spectator  :o may come to ! *ur*   
surfeit$ ) ! bewild]+ ri*es (  _m       
,italian gall]ies4 ,b = ^? :o w take !  
tr\ble to  /udy ! details ( ?is f9e "w  
!re is v mu* to admire4 ,9  ! sc5e ( !  
picture ,*ri/ is se5 on ! cross surr\nd$
 by  angels4 ,on 8 "r h& ! p5it5t ?ief  
on ! cross is gu>d$  by an angel1 :ile  
on ! left ! imp5it5t "o is wat*$ by a   
devil ) a curly tail & spik$ w+s4 ,bel[ 
9 p]fectly  bewild]+ fa%ion are _m      
figures t may be recognis$ )  little    
ef=t--,m>y ,magdal51 ! ,madonna1 ,joseph
 ( ,arima?a1 ,roman  soldi]s1 "s ( !    
g5]al public--a confus$ cr[d4 ,! :ole   

picture is support$ by figures ( ,san   
,seba/ian & ,/4 ,roque se5 on  ei!r side
 ( ! ar*4 ,/ories f ! life ( ,*ri/ are  
depict$  9 ! upp] p>ts ( ! picture1 all 
are pa9t$ ) ! skill ( a  great arti/ & !
 f]v\r ( a devotee1 b ! arrangem5t is   
hopelessly confus$4 ,lu9i also pa9t$ a  
,la/ ,supp] = ?is  *ur* & a ,madonna ) !
 ,infant ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,john4 ,?is is     
sign$ ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i1 anno #aecj4 ,f    
#aecj until #aecc ! c>e]  ( ! arti/ _c  
be trac$1 b 9 #aecc he 0 9 ,lugano aga91
  & aft] t ye> he passes altoge!r f our 
sight4 ,/ray writ]s  m5tion 8 "n1 "s    
v5ture to c>ry ! date ( 8 life into !   
'=ties1 b we h no pro( save _! ^w1 no "w
 to record !  lat] ye>s1 & all our      
conjecture is va94 ,x mu/ suffice = u  t
 ,lu9i's life z f> z 8 art 0 conc]n$    
ends = u ) !  ye> #aecc4 ,if he liv$ &  
work$ aft] t date ! facts relat+  to !  
foll[+ ye>s & ! "w done 9 ! latt] days  
are left  = future /ud5ts to discov]4 ,x
 is well to rememb] t !  ,s>onno        
portrait makes ! pa9t] look mu* old] ?an

 he is suppos$  to h be54    ,to 8      
contempor>ies x is cle> t ,lu9i 0 a man 
( small  importance4 ,8 be/ "w is se5   
outside ! radius ( ! great ,art  c5tres 
( ,italy1 & x 0 only :5 he attract$ !   
att5tion (  great critics & s\nd judges 
l ,morelli1 ,john ,rusk91 & ,john       
,add+ton ,symonds t ! lov]s ( beautiful 
pictures began to g  out ( _! way to f9d
 8 be/ "w 9 ! little t[ns ^:  *ur*m5 7 8
 patrons4 ,s _m ( ! less] m5 _h all 8   
faults--t is to say1 lack ( p]spective &
 inability to compose a  big picture--t 
he 0 class$ ) !m by ^? critics ^:       
special gift lies 9 ! discov]y ( faults4
 ,! qualities t make  ! mo/ endur+      
appeal to u to-day 7 ^? t 7 lea/  likely
 to make a /rong impression ^u ! /r5u\s 
age ( physical  =ce 9 :i* he liv$4 ,:5  
great conqu]ors & m5 :o _h  accompli%$  
all t =ce c\ld a*ieve felt !mselves at  
lib]ty  to turn to prolong$ consid]ation
 ( ! o!r sides ( life !y  employ$ o!r   
ma/]s4 ,!n z n[ !re 7 fa%ions 9 pa9t]s4 
,! m5 = :om ,lu9i /rove 7 ( comp>atively

 small importance4  ,a conqu]or c\ld h  
ga!r$ up 9 ! holl[ ( 8 h& all !  cities1
 ,milan except$1 9 :i* ,lu9i work$      
?r\gh\t 8  well-sp5t life1 & 9 ! /ress &
 /rife ( ! lat] ye>s :5  great pictures 
did *ange h&s f "t to "t by conque/1    
,lu9i's  panel pictures 9 ! little      
cities ( 8 lab\rs pass$ q  unnotic$1    
:ile ev5 if ! frescoes 7 admir$ x 0 n   
easy to  move !m4 ,:5 at la/ 8 und\bt$  
m]its began to attract  att5tion (      
connoisseurs1 ^! connoisseurs 7 wond]+  
:y  ,leon>do da ,v9ci _h left su* a     
small numb] ( pictures4 ,!y  f\nd "w t  
bore a great resemblance to ,leon>do &  
!y promptly  claim$ t !y _h discov]$ !  
lo/ ma/]pieces4 ,consequ5tly  ,leon>do  
receiv$ ! cr$it t 0 due to ! man :o may 
h  work$ 9 8 ,milanese s*ool & 0        
und\bt$ly "u 8 influ5ce  = a "t4 ,& _m (
 ! beautiful panel pictures t %[ ,lu9i  
at 8 be/ 7 attribut$ to ,leon>do until  
n9ete5?-c5tury  criticism prov$ compet5t
 en\gh to r5d] praise :]e x 0 due1  & to
 say def9itely & ) firm conviction t !  

unkn[n  pa9t] f ,lu9o1 :o liv$ sometime 
betwe5 #adgj & #aedj1 0 !  true au?or4  
,if1 9 deal+ ) ! life ( ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i1 
we are =c$ to  cont5t ourselves ) meagre
 scraps ( biography & little details  t 
w\ld h no importance at all 9 deal+ ) a 
life t 0  traceable f e>ly days to its  
conclusion1 x is well to rememb]  t !   
mo/ important "p ( ! great arti/ is 8   
"w4  ,bee?ov5's n9e symphonies1         
,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ! l&scapes  (  
,corot1 ! portraits ( ,velazquez1 & !   
c>v+ ( ,gr9l+  ,gibbons are n m preci\s 
to u because we "k some?+ ( !  life ( ! 
m5 :o did ! "w4 ,nor are ! ,iliad & !   
fragm5ts t rema9 ( ! works ( ! great    
,greek sculptors less  to u because a   
%ad[y tradition is all t surr\nds !     
lives (  ! m5 :o gave immortal "w to !  
_w4 ,we mu/ rememb] t x  is z difficult 
to deal ) art 9 t]ms ( lit]ature z x is 
to  express ! subtle *>m ( music 9      
words4 ,_h ,lu9i's ye>s boa/$  or       
regrett$ a s]ies ( gossip+ newspap]s we 
%\ld h ga!r$  a ri* h>ve/ ( fact1 b !   

facts w\ld h left ! pa9t]  :]e he is4   
,!re is en\gh ( ,lu9i left 9 ,milan & ! 
small]  places we h nam$ to tell u :at !
 man 0 & ! _s 9  :i* he work$1 & :ile we
 w welcome ! new-com] :o c add  to our  
scanty /ore ( au!nticat$ facts we c     
h>dly expect t  !y w deep5 our          
admiration ( "w t = all its %ortcom+s   
mu/ be rememb]$ :5 we turn to pond] !   
greate/ a*ievem5ts (  ,italian ,art4 ,x 
=ms a magic speculum1 mu* gone to ru/1  
inde$1  yet 9 fragm5ts /ill cle>2 :]e9 !
 m>vell\s image ( 8  exi/5ce does /ill  
%ad[ itself1 ?\gh fitfully1 & z ) an    
int]mitt5t light4      ,! plates are    
pr9t$ by ,,bemrose ,,dalziel1 ,,ltd41   
,wat=d    ,! text at ! ,,ballantyne     
,,press1 ,ed9burgh