,,w9d[s a book ab\t ,,/a9$ ,,pa9t$ ,,glass by ,,lewis ,f4 ,,day au?or ( ,nature 9 ,ornam5t o!r ,text-books ( ,design4 #ahig ,,london ,b,t,,bats=d #id ,high ,holborn1 ,w4,c4 ,,bradbury1 ,,agnew1 ,,co4 ,,ld41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,london ,,& ,,tonbridge4 ,,to ,,^? ,,:o ,,"k ,,no?+ ,,( ,,/a9$ ,,glass2 ,,to ,,^? ,,:o ,,"k ,,some?+1 ,,& ,,want ,,to ,,"k ,,m2 ,,to ,,^? ,,:o ,,"k ,,all ,,ab\t ,,x1 ,,& ,,yet ,,c>e ,,to ,,"k ,,:at ,,ano!r ,,may ,,h ,,to ,,say ,,^u ,,! ,,subject2--,i ,,d$icate ,,?is ,,book4 ,,preface4 ,a /a9$ glass w9d[ is itself ! be/ possible illu/ration ( ! diff]5ce x makes :e!r we look at a ?+ f ?is side or f t4 ,goe! us$ ?is p>ticul> image 9 "o ( 8 little p>ables1 comp>+ poems to pa9t$ w9d[s1 d>k & dull f ! m>ket-place1 bright ) col\r & alive ) mean+ only :5 we h cross$ ! ?re%old ( ! *ur*4 ,i may claim to h ent]$ ! sanctu>y1 & n irrev]5tly4 ,my e>lie/ tra9+ 9 design 0 9 ! work%ops ( arti/s 9 /a9$ glass4 ,= _m ye>s ,i work$ exclusively at glass design1 & = ov] a qu>t] ( a c5tury ,i h sp5t great "p ( my leisure 9 hunt+ glass all ,europe ov]4 ,?is book has gr[n out ( my exp]i5ce4 ,x makes no claim to le>n$ness4 ,x tells only :at ! w9d[s h told me1 or :at ,i und]/ood !m to say4 ,i h gone to glass to get pleasure out ( x1 to le>n some?+ f x1 to f9d out ! way x 0 done1 & :y x 0 done s1 & :at might yet p]haps be done4 ,any?+ ap>t f t did n s mu* int]e/ me4 ,^?1 !re=e1 :o desire m9ut] & m precise hi/oric in=mation mu/ consult ! works ( ,w9/on1 ,mr4 ,we/lake1 & ! _m cont95tal au?orities1 ) ^: le>n$ writ+s ?is m practical1 &1 9 a s5se1 popul>1 volume does n ent] into any sort ( competition4 ,my po9t ( view is t ( art & workman%ip1 or1 m precisely speak+1 workman%ip & art1 workman%ip be+ naturally ! beg9n+ & root ( art4 ,we are workm5 fir/ & arti/s aft]w>ds--p]haps4 ,:at ,i h tri$ to d is ?is3 ,9 ! fir/ place 7,book ,i471 ,i set out to trace ! c\rse ( workman%ip1 to foll[ ! te*nique ( ! workman f ! twelf? c5tury to ! sev5te5?1 f mosaic to pa9t+1 f ar*aism to pictorial accompli%m5t2 & to indicate at :at co/ ( p]haps m decorative qualities ! lat] ma/]pieces ( glass pa9t+ 7 b\ght4 ,9 ! second place 7,book ,,ii471 ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ ! c\rse ( design 9 glass1 f ! e>lie/ ,m$ival w9d[ to ! late/ glass picture ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,f9ally 7,book ,,iii471 ,i h set ap>t = sep>ate discussion que/ions n 9 ! direct l9e ei!r ( design or workman%ip1 or :i*1 if tak5 by ! way1 w\ld h h9d]$ ! n>rative & confus$ ! issue4 ,! r l5g?y *apt] on ,/yle is address$ to t l>ge numb] ( p]sons :o1 kn[+ z yet no?+ ab\t ! subject1 may want data by :i* to =m "s idea z to ! p]iod ( a w9d[ :5 !y see x3 ! po/script m ne>ly conc]ns ! design] & ! work] 9 glass4 ,9 all ?is ,i h tri$ to put p]sonality z mu* z possible aside1 & to tell my /ory fai?fully & )\t consci\s bias4 ,b ,i make no claim to imp>tiality1 z ! judge ^u ! b5* und]/&s x4 ,we take up art or law accord+ to our temp]am5t4 ,i c pret5d to judge only z "o int]e/$1 to be imp>tial only z an arti/ may4 ,,lewis ,f4 ,,day4 #ac1 ,,meckl5burgh ,,squ>e1 ,,london4 ,janu>y #bi?1 #ahig4 ,,note ,,9 ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,illu/rations4 ,!oretically ! illu/rations to a book ab\t w9d[s %\ld be 9 col\r4 ,practically col\r$ illu/rations ( /a9$ glass are out ( ! "q1 z all :o appreciate its quality well "k4 ,x may be possible1 al?\gh x has h>dly prov$ s z yet1 to pr9t adequate repres5tations ( col\r$ w9d[s1 b only at a co/ :i* w\ld defeat ! end "h 9 view4 ,! ,,effect ( glass is be/ sugge/$ by process r5d]+s ( photographs f actual w9d[s or f v c>eful wat]-col\r draw+s1 su* z ^? v k9dly plac$ at my disposal by ,mr4 ,t4 ,m4 ,rooke 7pages #abh1 #aei1 #ccg7 & ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,clayton 7pages #ea1 #gd1 #ih1 #ahf1 #bjg1 #beb1 #bhf1 #cjd1 #cdb71 an arti/ ^: /udio has be5 ! nurs]y ( a :ole g5]ation ( glass design]s4 ,details ( ,,design are (t5 bett] se5 9 ! reproductions ( trac+s or slight p5-draw+s1 little m ?an diagrams x may be1 b done to illu/rate a po9t4 ,t is ! int5tion ?r\gh\t1 to illu/rate :at is said1 n simply to beautify ! book4 ,! direction ( ! p5-l9es gives1 :]ev] x 0 possible1 a key to ! col\r s*eme4 ,r$1 t is to say1 is repres5t$ by v]tical l9es1 blue by horizontal1 yell[ by dots1 & s on1 accord+ to h]aldic cu/om4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,book ,i4 ,,! ,,c\rse ,,( ,,craftsman%ip4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,glass #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,w9d[ #e ,,iii4 ,,glaz+ #ae ,,iv4 ,,e>ly ,,mosaic ,,w9d[s #cb ,v4 ,,pa9t$ ,,mosaic #dc ,,vi4 ,,glass ,,pa9t+ 7,,m$i,,val7 #ei ,,vii4 ,,glass ,,pa9t+ 7,,r5aissance7 #fg ,,viii4 ,,enamel ,,pa9t+ #gg ,,ix4 ,,! ,,ne$le-,,po9t ,,9 ,,glass ,,pa9t+ #hg ,x4 ,,! ,,res\rces ,,( ,,! ,,glass ,,work] 7,a ,,recapitulation7 #ie ,,book ,,ii4 ,,! ,,c\rse ,,( ,,design4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,design ,,( ,,e>ly ,,glass #aaa ,,xii4 ,,m$allion ,,w9d[s #abc ,,xiii4 ,,e>ly ,,grisaille #acg ,,xiv4 ,,w9d[s ,,( ,,_m ,,lights #aea ,,xv4 ,,middle ,,go?ic ,,detail #afb ,,xvi4 ,,late ,,go?ic ,,w9d[s #agh ,,xvii4 ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,w9d[s #bja ,,xviii4 ,,lat] ,,r5aissance ,,w9d[s #bbj ,,xix4 ,,picture ,,w9d[s #bcf ,,xx4 ,,l&scape ,,9 ,,glass #bea ,,xxi4 ,,italian ,,glass #bfj ,,xxii4 ,,trac]y ,,lights ,,& ,,rose ,,w9d[s #bgb ,,xxiii4 ,,qu>ry ,,w9d[s #bhc ,,xxiv4 ,,dome/ic ,,glass #bif ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,canopy #caa ,,xxvi4 ,a ,,plea ,,= ,,ornam5t #cag ,,book ,,iii4 ,,by ,,! ,,way4 ,,xxvii4 ,,! ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,/yle #cbb ,,xxviii4 ,,/yle ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,glass 7,a ,,po/script7 #ced ,,xxix4 ,,jesse ,,w9d[s1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,exceptions ,,9 ,,design #cfj ,,xxx4 ,,/ory ,,w9d[s #cga ,,xxxi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,see ,,w9d[s #chj ,,xxxii4 ,,w9d[s ,,wor? ,,see+ #che ,,xxxiii4 ,a ,,^w ,,on ,,re/oration #djd ,,w9d[s1 ,a ,,book ,,ab\t ,,/a9$ ,,glass ,,book ,i4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,glass4 ,! po9t ( view f :i* ! subject ( /a9$ glass is approa*$ 9 ^! *apt]s relieves me1 happily1 f ! v difficult task ( det]m9+ ! date or ! :]eab\ts ( ! remote orig9 ( col\r$ w9d[s1 & ! /ill remot] beg9n+s ( glass itself4 ,! briefe/ summ>y ( sc>cely disputable facts be>+ ^u ! evolution ( ! art ( w9d[ mak+1 is "h en\gh4 ,we ne$ n vex our m9ds ) speculation4 ,:ite glass 7& t ( extreme purity7 w\ld seem to h be5 kn[n to ! ,*9ese z long ago z #bcjj ,b4,c41 = !y 7 !n already us+ a/ronomical in/rum5ts1 ( :i* ! l5ses 7 presumably ( glass4 ,( col\r$ glass !re is yet e>li] record4 ,egyptologi/s tell u t at lea/ five if n six ?\s& ye>s ago ! ,egyptians made jewels ( glass4 ,inde$1 x is m ?an probable t ?is 0 ! e>lie/ use to :i* /a9$ glass 0 put1 & t ! v raison d'tre ( glass mak+ 0 a species ( =g]y4 ,9 "s ( ! mo/ anci5t tombs h be5 f\nd sc>abs ( glass 9 delib]ate imitation ( rubies & em]alds1 sapphires & o!r preci\s /ones4 ,! glass beads f\nd broadca/ 9 ?ree qu>t]s ( ! globe 7 q possibly pass$ (f by ,pho5ician trad]s ^u ! confid+ b>b>ian z jewels ( great price4 ,at all ev5ts1 glass beads1 accord+ to ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 7 9 use 9 ! bronze age2 &1 if we may tru/ ! evid5ce ( etymology1 b$es are p]haps z anci5t z pray+4 ,ap>t f trick]y & fraud1 to imitate seems to be a foible ( humanity4 ,! ,greeks & _! ,roman successors made glass 9 imitation ( agate & onyx & all k9ds ( preci\s m>bles4 ,!y devis$ also col\r$ glass coat$ ) :ite glass1 :i* c\ld be cut cameo-fa%ion--a k9d ( glass mu* us$1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t way1 9 lat] ,m$ival w9d[s4 ,! ,v5etians c>ri$ fur!r ! pretty ,greek inv5tion ( emb$d+ vitre\s ?reads ( milky :ite or col\r 9 cle> glass1 ! mo/ beautiful =m ( :i* is t kn[n z latticelli1 or reticelli 7reticulat$ or lace glass71 f ! elaborate twi/+ & int]lac+ ( ! ?reads2 b no?+ c]ta9 seems to be kn[n ab\t ,v5etian glass until ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury1 al?\gh by ! ?irte5? ! neighb\r+ isl& ( ,murano 0 fam\s = its production4 ,! ,v5etians f\nd a new /one to imitate1 av5tur9e1 & !y imitat$ x m>vell\sly4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 glass 0 us$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance = jewell]y1 & 9 ! second = vessels ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,its use 9 ar*itecture 0 conf9$ ma9ly to mosaic1 orig9ally1 no d\bt1 to supply ! place ( bright] t9ts n =?com+ 9 m>ble4 ,( ! use ( glass 9 w9d[s !re is n v anci5t m5tion4 ,! climate ( ,greece or ,egypt1 & ! way ( life !re1 gave scant occasion = x4 ,b at ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 !re h be5 f\nd fair siz$ slabs ( w9d[ glass1 n ( v p]fect manufacture1 app>5tly ca/1 & probably at no "t v transluc5t4 ,rema9s also ( :at 0 presumably w9d[ glass h be5 f\nd among ! ru9s ( ,roman villas 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! basilicas ( ,*ri/ian ,rome ! ar*$ w9d[ op5+s 7 sometimes fill$ ) slabs ( m>ble1 9 :i* 7 pi]c+s to receive glass 7:i* may or may n h be5 col\r$71 =e%ad[+1 s to speak1 ! plate trac]y ( ,e>ly ,go?ic build]s4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,lvy1 ! w9d[s ( ,e>ly ,m$ival ,flemi% *ur*es 7 (t5 fill$ 9 ?is ,roman way ) plaques ( /one pi]c$ ) circul> op5+s to receive glass4 ,ano!r ,roman practice 0 to set panes ( glass 9 bronze or copp] fram+1 & ev5 9 lead4 ,"h we h ! beg9n+ ( ! practice id5tifi$ ) ,m$ival glazi]s4 ,!re is no reason to suppose t ! anci5ts practis$ glass pa9t+ z we und]/& x4 ,discs ( ,greek glass h be5 f\nd :i* are inde$ pa9t$1 b n 7,i imag9e7 ) col\r fus$ ) ! mat]ial2 & c]ta9ly ^! 7 n us$ = w9d[s4 ,! v e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 n 9 a position to indulge 91 or ev5 to desire1 luxuries su* z /a9$ glass w9d[s1 b ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,*ryso/om make allusion to !m4 ,x is pretty c]ta9 t ^! mu/ h be5 simple mosaics 9 /a9$ glass1 unpa9t$3 "o reads t betwe5 ! l9es ( ! records t h come d[n to u4 ,/a9$ & pa9t$ glass1 su* z we f9d 9 ! e>lie/ exi/+ ,m$ival w9d[s1 may possibly date back to ! reign ( ,*>lemagne 7#hjj71 b x may safely be said n to occur e>li] ?an ! ,holy ,roman ,empire4 ,a c\ple ( hundr$ ye>s lat] m5tion ( x beg9s to occur r frequ5tly 9 ,*ur* records2 & !re is "o p>ticul> acc\nt ( ! furni%+ ( ! *apel ( ! fir/ ,b5$ict9e ,mona/]y at ,monte ,cass9o ) a :ole s]ies ( w9d[s 9 #ajff--:i* fixes ! date ( ! ,norman ,conque/ z a p]iod at :i* /a9$ glass w9d[s c no long] h be5 uncommon4 ,! ,ci/]cian int]dict1 re/rict+ ! ord] to ! use ( :ite glass 7#aacd71 argues some?+ l ecclesia/ical ov]-indulg5ce 9 ri* w9d[s be=e ! middle ( ! next c5tury4 ,fragm5ts1 m or less pl5tiful1 ( ! v e>lie/ glass may /ill rema9 emb$d$ 9 w9d[s ( a lat] p]iod 7! mat]ial 0 too preci\s n to h be5 c>efully pres]v$72 b ar*ologi/s appe> to be agre$ t no complete w9d[ ( ! n9? or t5? c5tury has be5 pres]v$1 & t ev5 ( ! elev5? !re is no?+ t c q c]ta9ly be id5tifi$4 ,aft] t doctors beg9 to diff]4 ,b ! g5]al cons5sus ( op9ion is1 t !re is comp>atively little t c be incontrov]tibly set d[n ev5 to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! great mass ( ,e>ly ,go?ic ,glass belongs indubitably to ! ?irte5? c5tury2 & :5 "o speaks ( ,e>ly ,glass x is usually ?irte5? c5tury "w :i* is meant4 ,! remote orig9 ( glass1 !n1 rema9s = ev] lo/ 9 ! mi/ ( leg5d>y days4 ,!re is ev5 a fable to ! effect t x dates f ! build+ ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel1 :5 ,god's fire f heav5 vitrifi$ ! bricks employ$ by its too presumptu\s build]s4 ,col\r$ glass comes to u f ! ,ea/2 t mu* x is safe to conclude4 ,f anci5t ,egypt1 probably1 ! art ( ! glass-work] f\nd its way to ,pho5icia1 !nce to ,greece & ,rome1 & s to ,byzantium1 ,v5ice1 & ev5tually ,france1 :]e /a9$ glass w9d[s1 z we "k !m1 fir/ occur4 ,x is probably to ! ,fr5* t ,europe owes ! introduction ( col\r$ w9d[s1 a colony ( ,v5etian glass-work]s hav+1 !y say1 settl$ at ,limoges 9 ! ye> #igi4 ,"s ( ! e>lie/ ,fr5* glass is to be f\nd at ,*>tres1 ,le ,mans1 ,ang]s1 ,reims1 & ,*lons-sr-,m>ne2 & at ! ,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs1 at ,p>is1 !re are "s fragm5ts ( twelf? c5tury "w :i* may be m conv5i5tly exam9$ ?an ! "w 9 sit4 ,! olde/ to :i* "o c assign a def9ite date is t at ,/4 ,d5is 7#aajh7 b its value is almo/ nullifi$ by exp]t re/oration4 ,9 ,g]many ! olde/ date is ascrib$ to "s small w9d[s at ,augsburg1 execut$1 x is said1 by ! monks ( ,teg]nsee ab\t ! ye> #ajjj4 ,!re is also a c]ta9 am\nt ( twelf? c5tury "w incorporat$ 9 ! lat] w9d[s at ,/rasb\rg4 ,! olde/ rema9s ( glass 9 ,engl& are1 9 all probability1 c]ta9 fragm5ts 9 ! nave ( ,york ,m9/]4 ,! m important w9d[s at ,cant]bury1 ,salisbury1 & ,l9coln are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,a ,,w9d[4 ,s9ce x is propos$ to approa* ! subject ( /a9$ glass 9 ! fir/ place f ! workmanlike & arti/ic1 r ?an ! hi/orical or antiqu>ian1 po9t ( view1 x may be z well to beg9 by expla9+ precisely :at a /a9$ glass w9d[ is4 ,x is usual to conf\nd /a9$ ) pa9t$ glass4 ,lit]ally speak+1 ^! are two q di/9ct ?+s4 ,/a9$ glass is glass :i* is col\r$1 z ! phrase goes1 9 ! pot2 t is to say1 !re is mix$ ) ! molt5 :ite glass a metallic oxide :i* /a9s x gre51 yell[1 blue1 purple1 & s on1 z ! case may be2 = :i* reason ?is self-t9t$ glass is call$ pot-metal4 ,?is is a t]m :i* w recur aga9 & aga94 ,once = all1 pot-metal is glass 9 :i* ! col\r is 9 ! glass & n pa9t$ ^u x4 ,x goes )\t explanation t1 ea* sep>ate %eet ( pot-metal glass be+ all ( "o col\r1 a v>icol\r$ w9d[ c only be produc$ 9 x by break+ up ! %eets & putt+ !m toge!r 9 ! =m ( a mosaic3 9 fact1 t is h[ ! e>lie/ w9d[s 7 execut$1 & !y g by ! "n ( mosaic glass4 ,! glass is1 h[ev]1 n brok5 up into tess]1 b %ap$ accord+ to ! =ms ( ! design4 ,9 %ort1 ^? portions ( x :i* are :ite h to be cut out ( a %eet ( :ite glass1 ^? :i* are blue out ( a %eet ( blue glass1 ^? :i* are yell[ out ( a %eet ( yell[1 & s on2 & x is ^! pieces ( v>i\sly t9t$ glass1 b\nd toge!r by /rips ( lead1 j z ! tess] ( a pavem5t or wall picture are held 9 place by cem5t1 :i* con/itute a /a9$ glass w9d[4 ,! arti/ is z yet n conc]n$ 9 pa9t+1 b 9 glaz+--t is to say1 putt+ toge!r little bits ( glass1 j z an inlay] does1 or z a mosaic work] puts toge!r pieces ( wood1 or m>ble1 or burnt clay1 or ev5 opaque glass4 ,!re is illu/rat$ opposite a piece ( ,old ,burmese incru/$ decoration1 a mosaic ( :ite & col\r$ glass b\nd toge!r by /rips ( metal1 :i*1 7 x b cle> in/ead ( silv]$ at ! back1 w\ld be precisely ! same ?+ z an e>ly mosaic w9d[1 ev5 to ! completion ( ! face by means ( pa9t--( :i* m pres5tly4 ,9 pa9t$ glass1 on ! o!r h&1 ! col\r is n 9 ! glass b ^u x1 m or less firmly atta*$ to x by ! action ( ! fire4 ,a metallic col\r :i* has "s aff9ity ) glass1 or :i* is gr\nd up ) f9ely p[d]$ glass1 is us$ z a pigm5t1 precisely z c]amic col\rs are us$ 9 pott]y pa9t+4 ,! pa9t$ glass is !n put into a kiln & heat$ to ! temp]ature at :i* x is on ! po9t ( melt+1 :il/ ! col\r actually does melt into x4 ,by ?is means x is possible to pa9t a col\r$ picture ^u a s+le %eet ( :ite glass1 z has be5 prov$ at ,svres4 ,/rictly speak+1 !n1 /a9$ & pa9t$ glass are ! v opposite "o to ! o!r4 ,b 9 practice ! two processes ( glaz+ & pa9t+ 7 nev] kept ap>t4 ,! v e>lie/ glass 0 no d\bt pure mosaic4 ,x 0 only 9 our own day t ! a*ievem5t 7sci5tific r ?an arti/ic7 ( a pa9t$ w9d[ ( any size1 indep5d5t ( glazi]'s "w1 0 possible4 ,pa9t+ 0 at fir/ always subsidi>y to glazi]'s "w2 aft] t1 = a "t1 glazi] & pa9t] work$ h& 9 h& ^u equal t]ms2 ev5tually ! pa9t] took prec$5ce1 & ! glazi] became ev] m & m subs]vi5t to him4 ,b f ! twelf? to ! sev5te5? c5tury !re is little ( :at we call1 r loosely1 sometimes /a9$ & sometimes pa9t$ glass1 9 :i* !re is n bo? /a9+ & pa9t+--t is to say1 /a9$ glass is us$1 & !re is pa9t+ ^u x4 ,! diff]5ce is t 9 ! e>li] "w ! pa9t+ is only us$ to help out ! /a9$ glass1 & 9 ! lat] ! /a9$ glass is introduc$ to help ! pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,,incru/$ ,,glass ,,mosaic1 ,,burmese 7,b4 ,m474 ,t am\nts1 x may be ?\ght1 to mu* ! same ?+2 & !re does come a po9t :]e /a9+ & pa9t+ fulfil ea* su* an important "p 9 ! w9d[ t x is difficult to say :i* is ! pr$om9at+ p>tn] 9 ! conc]n4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 h[ev]1 !re is no mann] ( d\bt z to :i* practice 0 upp]mo/ 9 ! design]'s m9d1 z to ! idea ) :i* he set out1 pa9t+ or glaz+2 & x makes all ! diff]5ce 9 ! "w--! diff]5ce1 = example1 betwe5 a w9d[ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury & "o ( ! sixte5?1 a diff]5ce ab\t :i* a *ild c\ld sc>cely make a mi/ake1 once x _h be5 po9t$ out to him4 ,"h p]haps x w be z well to describe1 once = all1 ! mak+ ( a mosaic w9d[1 & ! "p tak5 9 x by ! glazi] & ! pa9t] respectively4 ,x w be easi] !n to discrim9ate betwe5 ! two processes employ$1 & to discuss !m ea* 9 relation to ! o!r4 ,! actual con/ruction ( an e>ly w9d[ is v mu* l ! putt+ toge!r ( a puzzle4 ,! puzzle ( our *ildhood usually took ! =m ( a map4 ,x has occurr$ to me1 !re=e1 to %[ h[ an arti/ work+ /rictly aft] ! mann] ( ! ?irte5? c5tury--! p]iod1 t is to say1 :5 pa9t+ 0 subsidi>y to glaz+--w\ld set ab\t putt+ into glass a map ( mod]n ,italy4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he w\ld draw 8 map to ! size requir$4 ,?is he w\ld d ) ! utmo/ precision1 firmly m>k+ ^u ! pap] 7! m$ival arti/ w\ld h drawn directly on 8 wood5 b5*7 ! b\nd>y l9e ( ea* sep>ate pat* ( col\r 9 8 design4 ,!n1 accord+ to ! col\r ea* sep>ate prov9ce or division 0 to be1 he w\ld take a sep>ate %eet ( pot-metal & lay x ov] ! draw+1 s z to be able to trace ^u ! glass itself ! outl9e ( su* prov9ce or division4 ,t done1 he w\ld proce$ to cut out or %ape ! v>i\s pieces ( glass to ! giv5 =ms4 ,9 ! case ( a simple & compact prov9ce1 su* z ,rome1 ,tuscany1 ,umbria 7ov]leaf71 t w\ld be easy en\gh4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a m irregul> %ape1 say ! prov9ce ( ,naples1 ) its promontories1 w\ld pres5t consid]able difficulties--difficulties practically insup]able by ! e>ly glazi]1 to :om ! diamond z a cutt+ in/rum5t 0 unkn[n1 & ^: appliances = %ap+ 7 ( ! rude/ & mo/ rudim5t>y4 ,if ) ! po9t ( a r$-hot iron y describe ^u a %eet ( glass a l9e1 & !n1 tak+ ! mat]ial betwe5 y\r two h&s1 proce$ to snap x across1 ! fracture w take approximately ! direction ( ! l9e ?us drawn4 ,t is h[ ! ?irte5? c5tury glazi] w5t to "w1 subsequ5tly ) a not*$ iron in/rum5t1 or groz+ iron z x 0 call$1 labori\sly *ipp+ away ! edges until he _h r$uc$ ea* piece ( glass to ! precise %ape he want$4 ,x w be se5 at once t ! simpl] ! l9e & ! easi] its sweep ! m likely ! glass w\ld be to break clean to ! l9e1 :]eas 9 ! case ( a jagg$ or irregul> l9e !re w\ld always be great dang] t at any "o %>p turn 9 x ! fracture w\ld take t conv5i5t opportunity ( go+ 9 ! way x %\ld n4 ,= example1 ! s\? coa/ ( ,italy w\ld be dang]\s4 ,y might draw ! l9e ( ! sole ( ! foot1 b :5 x came to break+ ! glass ! high heel w\ld be sure to snap (f 7!re is a little nick !re design$ z if = ! purpose ( br++ ab\t t cata/rophe71 & simil>ly t ov]-delicate in/ep w\ld c]ta9ly n be> ! /ra9 put ^u x1 & w\ld be b\nd to give way4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t ev5 7 su* pieces once safely cut 7:i* w\ld n[adays be possible7 ! glass w\ld surely crack at ^? po9ts ! fir/ "t !re 0 any pressure ( w9d ^u ! w9d[1 & s ! prud5t man w\ld /ill =e/all t ev5t by design+ 8 glass z x c\ld conv5i5tly be cut1 )\t attempt+ any t\r de =ce1 & /r5g!n+ x at ! weak po9ts ) a l9e ( lead1 z has be5 done 9 ! glass map opposite4 ,!re is a jutt+ promontory on ! coa/ ( ,africa1 :i*1 ev5 if safely cut1 w\ld be sure to break soon] or lat] at ! po9t indicat$ by ! dott$ l9e4 ,! scale ( execution w\ld det]m9e :e!r ea* or any prov9ce c\ld be cut out ( a s+le %eet ( glass1 b ! l9es ( latitude & longitude w\ld give an opportunity ( us+ (t5 ?ree or f\r pieces ( glass to a prov9ce )\t introduc+ l9es :i* =m$ no "p ( ! design4 ,t1 h[ev]1 w\ld be contr>y to e>ly usage1 :i* 0 nev] to make use ( ! leads z indep5d5t l9es1 b only z b\nd>ies betwe5 two col\rs4 ,!re is a reason = ?is retic5ce4 ,y w see t 9 ! surface ( ! sea1 :]e ! latitud9al & longitud9al l9es come 9 mo/ usefully1 x is necess>y to use also o!r leads1 :i* mean no?+ b t a jo9t is !re desirable4 ,^! con/ructional leads1 :5 !y m]ely break up a backgr\nd1 are q unobjectionable--!y ev5 give an opportunity ( gett+ v>iety 9 ! col\r ( ! gr\nd--b :5 "s ( ! leads are meant to ass]t !mselves z draw+ l9es & "s are n1 ! result is inevitably confus$4 ,illu/ration3 #b4 ,,! ,,way ,a ,,w9d[ ,,is ,,glaz$4 ,all t ! glass gives u 9 our mosaic map is ! local col\r ( sea & l&--! sea1 let u say1 d>k blue1 ! c\ntries1 prov9ces1 & isl&s ea* ( its own di/9ctive t9t4 ,:5 x comes to giv+ _! names1 x w\ld be possible inde$ on a v l>ge scale to cut ! lett]s out ( glass ( d>k] col\r1 & glaze !m 9 z %[n 9 ! title ^w ,italy4 ,t w\ld involve1 z w be se51 a network ( connect+ lead l9es4 ,on a mu* small] scale !re w\ld be no?+ = x b to h rec\rse to ! supplem5t>y process1 & pa9t !m4 ,! words ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 ,turkey1 ,naples1 ,sicily1 & ! re/ w\ld h to be simply pa9t$ 9 opaque col\r ^u ! transluc5t glass4 ,b1 once we h begun to use pa9t1 !re are int]m$iate ways betwe5 ^! two me?ods ( inscription1 ei!r ( :i* w\ld be adopt$ accord+ to ! scale ( ! lett]+4 ,^! are %[n 9 ! names ( ! seas4 ,9 ! ^w ,m$it]ranean ea* sep>ate lett] w\ld be cut out ( a piece ( glass1 correspond+ z ne>ly z possible to its g5]al outl9e or circumf]5ce1 & its %ape w\ld be made p]fect by pa9t+ out--t is to say1 by obscur+ ) solid pigm5t t "p ( ! glass 7indicat$ by dots 9 ! draw+7 :i* 0 meant to retire into ! backgr\nd4 ,presum+ ?is word+ to be 9 a light col\r & ! backgr\nd d>ki%1 ?is am\nt ( pa9t+ w\ld1 z a matt] ( fact1 be q lo/ 9 ! d>k col\r4 ,9 ! less] descriptions ,tyrrh5ian & ,adriatic ,sea1 ea* sep>ate ^w1 in/ead ( ea* lett]1 w\ld be cut out ( "o piece ( glass 7or p]haps two 9 ! long] words71 & ! backgr\nd w\ld be pa9t$ out z already describ$4 ,pa9t w\ld fur!r be us$ to indicate ! riv]s1 ! m\nta9s1 ! t[ns1 or any o!r detail x 0 necess>y to give1 z well z to m>k su* ind5tations 9 ! coa/l9e z 7 too m9ute to be foll[$ by ! ?ick lead4 ,z a matt] ( practice1 x is usual to pa9t a m>g9al l9e ( opaque col\r r\nd ! glass repres5t+ j a little m ?an t portion ev5tually to be cov]$ by ! flange ( ! lead1 s z to make sure t t w n by any *ance cut (f f view :at may be an important feature 9 ! design4 ,= example1 ! m]e projection ( a lead :i* too ne>ly approa*$ ! delicate pr(ile ( a small face might easily de/roy its outl9e4 ,! glazi]'s lead1 x %\ld be expla9$1 is a wire ( ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* diamet]1 deeply groov$ on two sides = ! ins]tion ( ! glass4 ,imag9e ! surfaces expos$ to view on ea* face ( ! w9d[ to be flatt5$1 & y h a section v mu* l ! lett] ,h1 ! uprights repres5t+ ! flanges1 & ! cross-b> ! core1 :i* holds !m toge!r & supports ! glass mosaic4 ,! process ( pa9t+ employ$ s f> is ( ! simple/2 x consi/s m]ely 9 obscur+ ! glass ) solid pa9t4 ,?is is laid on ) a long-hair$ p5cil or trac+ bru%4 ,! pa9t itself may be mix$ ) oil or gum & wat]1 or any m$ium :i* w tempor>ily atta* x to ! glass & disappe> 9 ! kiln2 = ! real fix+ ( ! pa9t is done solely by ! action ( ! fire4 ,! pigm5t employ$ consi/s1 t is to say1 ( p]-oxides ( iron & manganese gr\nd up ) a suffici5t am\nt ( p[d]$ fl9t-glass or "s equival5t silicate1 :i* by ! action ( ! fire is fus$ ) ! glass 7r$uc$ to v ne>ly r$ heat71 & becomes practically "p & p>cel ( x4 ,:5ev] a glass pa9t] speaks ( pa9t$ glass t is :at he means--viz41 t ! col\r is ?us indelibly burnt 94 ,aft] ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury v>i\s metallic oxides 7 us$ to produce v>i\s m or less transp>5t pigm5ts 7enamel col\rs z !y are call$ to di/+ui% !m f ! pot-metal col\rs71 b 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury transp>5t enamel col\rs 7 z yet unkn[n to ! glass pa9t]1 & he conf9$ himself to ! solid deep br[n pigm5t already spok5 (--an enamel also1 /rictly speak+1 b by no means to be conf\nd$ ) ! enamel col\rs ( lat] c5turies4 ,^? 7 col\rs us$ = col\r's sake2 ?is is simply an opaque sub/ance us$ solely on acc\nt ( its capacity to /op out s mu* ( ! col\r ( pot-metal glass z may be necess>y 9 ord] to def9e =m & give ! draw+ ( detail2 & 9 effect ! br[n1 :5 se5 aga9/ ! light1 does n tell z col\r at all b m]ely z s mu* blackness4 ,! only col\r 9 ! w9d[ is ! col\r ( ! v>i\s compon5t pieces ( glass4 ,?us 9 ! case ( an e>ly figure 7page #cc7 ! face w\ld be cut out ( a %eet ( p9ki% glass & ! features pa9t$ ^u x 9 br[n l9es2 ea* g>m5t w\ld be cut out ( ! t9t x 0 meant to be1 & ! folds ( ! drap]y outl9$ ^u ! pot-metal4 ,9 l mann] a tree w\ld be cut out ( gre5 glass1 its /em p]haps out ( br[n1 & only ! =ms ( ! leaves1 & _! ve9+1 if any1 w\ld be trac$ 9 pa9t4 ,9 ! execution ( ! map !re is no occasion = fur!r pa9t+ ?an ?is simple/ & fitte/ k9d ( "w1 little m ?an ! glazi] w\ld himself h done _h 8 means all[$ him4 ,& 9 ! v e>lie/ glass ! pa9t] 0 almo/ z sp>+ ( pa9t z ?is3 he did1 h[ev]--x 0 inevitable t he %\ld--use l9es1 :e!r 9 draw+ ! features ( a face or ! folds ( drap]y1 :i* 7 n q solid1 & :i* consequ5tly only deep5$ ! col\r ( ! pot-metal1 & did n q obscure x3 he w5t s f> ev5 z to pass a sme> ( /ill ?9n] col\r1 a half t9t or less1 ov] portions ( ! glass :i* he wi%$ to l[] 9 tone4 ,he began1 9 fact1 h[ev] t5tatively1 to introduce %ad+4 ,happily he 0 c>eful always to use x only z a s(t5+ influ5ce 9 8 design1 & nev] to sacrifice to x any?+ ( ! intr9sic beauty & brilliancy ( 8 glass4 ,! glass duly pa9t$ & burnt1 ! puzzle w\ld be put toge!r aga9 on ! b5*1 & b&s ( lead1 groov$ at ea* side to admit & hold ! glass1 w\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 ! two pieces4 ,^! w\ld be sold]$ toge!r at ! jo9ts :]e two leads met2 a putty-l composition or cem5t w\ld be rubb$ into ! int]/ices betwe5 lead & glass to /iff5 x1 & make x air-& wat]-tight2 &1 t done1 ! w9d[ 0 f9i%$4 ,x w\ld only rema9 7:at w\ld 9 practice h be5 done be=e cem5t+7 to sold] to ! leads at int]vals sundry loose ends ( copp]-wire1 ev5tually to be twi/$ r\nd ! iron saddle b>s let into ! /one framework ( ! w9d[ to support x2 x w\ld !n be ready to be fix$ 9 its place4 ,9 contradi/9ction to ! mosaic me?od ( execution adopt$ by ! ?irte5? c5tury glazi]1 a glass pa9t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & p]haps ( ! sev5te5?1 w\ld1 ev5 ?\gh !re 7 no necessity = longitud9al & latitud9al l9es1 cut up 8 w9d[ into oblong pieces ( conv5i5t size1 only1 ( c\rse1 p>allel & at "r angles to "o ano!r4 ,! sea he might or might n glaze 9 blue glass2 "h & !re p]haps1 b n necess>ily at all1 an occasional prov9ce might be lead$ 9 ) a piece ( pot-metal2 b = ! mo/ "p he w\ld use panes ( :ite glass1 & rely = ! col\r ( ! prov9ces ^u enamel4 ,he w\ld h no ne$ to sep>ate 8 enamel col\rs by a l9e ( lead1 & :]e he want$ a divid+ l9e he w\ld j pa9t x 9 opaque br[n4 ,?is me?od ( glass pa9t+ =ms an altoge!r sep>ate division ( ! subject1 n yet "u discussion4 ,x is ref]r$ to "h only by way ( contra/1 & to emphasise ! fact t1 ?\gh we are 9 ! habit ( us+ ! t]m /a9$ glass r loosely--?\gh a /a9$ glass w9d[ is almo/ inv>iably help$ out to "s ext5t by pa9t+ 7unless x be :at is te*nically kn[n z lead$ glass or pla9 glaz+71 & ?\gh a pa9t$ w9d[ is seldom altoge!r innoc5t ( glass t is /a9$--!re are1 z a matt] ( fact1 two me?ods ( produc+ col\r$ w9d[s1 ! mosaic & ! enamell$2 & t h[ev] cu/om>y x may be to eke out ei!r me?od by ! o!r m or less1 w9d[s divide !mselves into two broad divisions1 accord+ z x is pot-metal or enamel ^u :i* ! arti/ relies = 8 effect4 ,betwe5 ^! two widely diff]5t ideals !re are all mann]s & all degrees ( compromise1 & me?ods 7 employ$ :i*1 to describe at ?is po9t1 w\ld only complicate matt]s4 ,x w be my purpose pres5tly to describe 9 detail ! /eps by :i* m]e glaz+ develop$ into pa9t$ glass1 & h[ pa9t+ came to sup]s$e glaz+2 to %[ 9 h[ f> pa9t+ 0 a help to ! glazi]1 & 9 h[ f> x 0 to 8 hurt2 to describe1 9 %ort1 ! progress ( ! glass pa9t]'s art1 to bett] & to worse2 & to di/+ui%1 z f> z may be1 ! pr9ciples :i* gov]n or %\ld gov]n x4 ,illu/ration3 #c4 ,,anci5t ,,arab ,,w9d[4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,glaz+4 ,! art ( ! glass pa9t] 0 at fir/ only ! art ( ! glazi]4 ,to say t may seem l self-contradiction4 ,b x is n s4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is almo/ lit]ally ! tru?2 & x is difficult to f9d words :i* w\ld m vividly express ! actual fact4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( a pa9t] z us+ pigm5t always 9 "s liquid =m1 & apply+ x to wood or pla/]1 canvas or pap]1 ) a bru%4 ,%\ld he lay x on ) a palette knife1 z he sometimes does1 x is pa9t+ /ill4 ,if he c\ld by any possibility put toge!r 8 col\rs 9 mid-air )\t ! aid ( pap]1 canvas1 or o!r solid sub/ance1 x w\ld /ill be pa9t+4 ,?is is v mu* :at ! work] 9 /a9$ glass1 by ! help ( /rips ( int]v5+ lead1 practically succe$$ 9 do+4 ,z a pa9t] places side by side dabs ( pa9t1 s ! glazi] put side by side little pieces ( col\r$ glass4 7,glass1 y see1 0 ! m$ium 9 :i* 8 col\r 0 fix$1 j z oil1 v>ni%1 wax1 or gum is ! vehicle 9 :i* ! pa9t]'s pigm5t is ord9>ily held 9 susp5sion47 ,he c\ld execute 9 ?is way ^u ! b5* or ! slop$ easel q an elaborate patt]n 9 col\r$ glass2 & al?\gh1 9 ord] to hold ! p>ts toge!r 9 a w9d[ frame1 he _h p]=ce to resort to "s sort ( b9d+1 9 lead or :at n1 he may /ill reasonably be said1 if n actually to h pa9t$ 9 glass1 at all ev5ts to h work$ 9 x4 ,9 fact1 until ab\t ! twelf? c5tury1 !re 7 no glass pa9t]s1 b only glazi]s4 ,nay1 m1 x is to glazi]s t we owe ! glory ( ! ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s1 9 :i*1 be x rememb]$1 ea* sep>ate t\* ( col\r is repres5t$ by a sep>ate piece ( glass1 & ea* sep>ate piece ( glass is b\nd$ by a framework ( lead connect+ x ) ! neighb\r+ pieces1 :il/ ! detail add$ by ! pa9t] goes = n v mu*4 ,illu/ration3 #d4 ,,arab ,,w9d[ ,,lattice1 ,,geometric4 ,no /rictly def9$1 nor inde$ any approximate1 date c safely be giv5 at :i* ! art ( ! glass-work] sprang into exi/5ce4 ,arts d n spr+ into exi/5ce2 !y gr[1 develop+ !mselves 9 mo/ cases v sl[ly4 ,! art ( work+ 9 /a9$ glass c only h be5 ! result ( a species ( evolution4 ,! g]m ( x lay 9 ! circum/ance t glass 0 orig9ally made 9 comp>atively small pieces 7!re 7 no l>ge %eets ( glass a ?\s& ye>s or m ago71 & s x 0 necess>y1 9 ord] to glaze any b ! smalle/ w9d[ op5+1 t ^! small pieces %\ld be 9 "s way cem5t$ toge!r4 ,x foll[$ naturally1 9 days :5 art 0 a matt] ( e-day conc]n1 ! common fl[] ( wayside craftsman%ip1 t ! idea ( putt+ ^! pieces toge!r 9 m or less ornam5tal fa%ion1 %\ld occur to ! workman1 s9ce !y mu/ be put toge!r someh[2 & s1 almo/ z a matt] ( c\rse1 w\ld be develop$ ! mosaic ( transp>5t glass1 :i* 0 und\bt$ly ! =m /a9$ glass w9d[s fir/ took4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t 9 "s ( ! e>lie/ w9d[s ! glaz+ is meant to take ! =m ( tess]2 b ! examples in/anc$ 9 support ( t idea af=d v little gr\nd = suppos+ any su* int5tion on ! "p ( ! fir/ glass-work]s4 ,x may m reasonably be presum$ t any resemblance !re may be betwe5 e>ly glass & e>li] wall mosaic comes ( work+ 9 ! same way2 l me?ods inevitably lead to l results4 ,x is by no means c]ta91 ev51 t ! fir/ glazi]s 7 directly inspir$ by mosaic1 :e!r ( m>ble or ( opaque glass4 ,!y 7 probably mu* m imm$iately influ5c$ by ! "w ( ! enamell]4 ,t may appe> at ! fir/ m5tion /range1 consid]+ :at has be5 said ab\t ! absolute div]g5ce betwe5 mosaic & enamell$ glass4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t enamell+ itself among ! ,lomb>d ,franks1 ! ,m]ov+ians1 & ! ,anglo-,saxons1 0 a v diff]5t ?+ f :at ! ,lim\s9 made x 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x 01 9 fact1 a q diff]5t op]ation1 ! only po9t 9 common betwe5 ! two be+ t !y 7 execut$ 9 vitre\s col\r ^u a metal gr\nd4 ,! enamel ref]r$ to z hav+ probably influ5c$ ! e>ly glazi] is ( ! sev]] k9ds famili> 9 ,byzant9e "w1 & kn[n z *amplev & cloisonn4 ,9 ! "o1 y "k1 ! design is scoop$ out ( ! metal gr\nd1 9 ! o!r its outl9e is b5t 9 flat wire & sold]$ to ! gr\nd4 ,9 ei!r case ! result+ cells are fill$ ) col\r$ pa/e1 :i*1 "u ! action ( ! fire1 vitrifies & becomes embodi$ ) ! metal4 ,9 *amplev enamel naturally ! metal gr\nd is usually a di/+ui%+ feature4 ,9 cloisonn ! gr\nd z well z ! patt]n is1 ( c\rse1 9 enamel2 b 9 ei!r case ! outl9es1 &1 inde$1 all draw+ l9es1 are 9 metal4 ,9 cloisonn enamel ! metal cloisons1 z !y are call$1 fulfil precisely ! function ( ! leads 9 glass w9d[s2 & x w\ld h be5 m conv5i5t to h left altoge!r out ( acc\nt ! si/] process1 7 x n t1 9 ! pa9t+ ( q e>ly glass1 ! /rokes ) :i* ! l9es ( ! drap]y & su*like are r5d]$1 be> q unmi/akable lik5ess to ! conv5tion ( ! ,byzant9e work] 9 *amplev4 ,= t matt]1 "o sees also 9 v e>ly alt>-pieces pa9t$ on wood1 :]e gold is us$ = m>k+ ! folds ( drap]y1 ! v obvi\s inspiration ( ,byzant9e enamel--b t is r by ! way4 ,illu/ration3 #e4 ,,arab ,,lattice1 ,,geometric4 ,! popul> idea ( an e>ly w9d[ is t ( a picture1 or s]ies ( pictures1 v imp]fectly r5d]$4 ,x may mu* m ju/ly be lik5$ to a magnifi$ plaque ( ,byzant9e enamel ) ! light %9+ ?r\gh x4 ,! ,byzant9e craftsman1 or 8 desc5dants1 at all ev5ts1 did produce1 9 addition to ! ord9>y opaque enamel1 a transluc5t k9d1 9 imitation presumably ( preci\s /ones2 & x might v well be t x 0 f !nce ! glazi] fir/ d]iv$ ! idea ( col\r$ w9d[s4 ,q c]ta9ly t 0 ne>] to 8 ?\ghts ?an any =m ( pa9t+1 z we und]/& pa9t+ n[adays2 &1 :at is m1 _h he aim$ delib]ately at ! effect ( enamel 7z practis$ 9 8 day71 he c\ld n h got mu* ne>] to x4 ,8 proce$+ 0 almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! enamel work]4 ,9 place ( vitre\s pa/es he us$ glass itself2 9 place ( brass1 lead2 &1 = supplem5t>y detail1 9 place ( engrav$ l9es1 l9es trac$ 9 pa9t4 ,side by side ) ! e>ly ,european w9d[ glaz+1 & mo/ likely be=e x1 !re 0 practis$ 9 ! ,ea/ a =m ( /a9$ glass w9d[ build+ ( :i* no m5tion has yet be5 made4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 also1 w9d[s 7 f an e>ly date built up ( little pieces ( col\r$ glass2 b ! ,mohamm$an law =bidd+ all attempt at pictorial repres5tation ( animate ?+s1 !re 0 no temptation to employ pa9t+2 ! glazi] c\ld d all he want$ )\t x4 ,8 plan 0 to pi]ce small op5+s 9 l>ge slabs ( /one1 & 9 ! pi]c+s to set num]\s little jewels ( col\r$ glass4 ,! ,romans1 by ! way1 appe> also to h sometimes fill$ w9d[ spaces ) slabs ( m>ble fram+ discs ( col\r$ glass1 b ^! 7 comp>atively wide ap>t1 m l sep>ate w9d[-lets1 ea* glaz$ ) its small %eet ( col\r$ glass4 ,! ,ori5tal w9d[s1 on ! contr>y1 7 mo/ elaborately design$1 ! pi]c+s tak+ ! =m ( intricate patt]ns1 geometric or floral4 ,sometimes ! design w\ld include an inscription +5i\sly turn$ to ornam5tal use aft] ! mann] ( ! ,moori% decorators ( ! ,alhambra 7page #ae74 ,a fur!r developm5t ( ! ,ori5tal idea 0 to imb$ ! glass 9 pla/]1 a process easy en\gh be=e ! pla/] _h set h>d4 ,?is k9d ( ?+ is common en\gh 9 ,cairo to ?is day1 & specim5s ( x are to be f\nd at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,m4 ,vogu illu/rates 9 8 book1 ,la ,syrie ,c5trale1 an important s]ies ( w9d[s 9 ! ,mosque ( ,om> 7,temple ( ,j]usalem71 erect$ 9 #aebh1 by ,sultan ,soliman4 ,! pla/]1 says ,m4 ,vogu1 0 /r5g!n$ by ribs ( iron & rods ( cane imb$d$ 9 ! /\t] divisions ( ! framework1 a precaution n necess>y 9 ! small] ,cair5e lattices 7measur+ z a rule ab\t f\r sup]ficial feet71 9 :i* ! patt]n is simply scoop$ out ( ! half-dry pla/]4 ,illu/ration3 #f4 ,,arab ,,lattice1 ,,floral4 ,! pi]c+s 9 ^! ,ori5tal w9d[s & w9d[ lattices are n made at "r angles to ! slab ( /one or pla/]1 b are cut ?r\gh at an angle1 v>y+ accord+ to ! position & height ( ! w9d[1 ) a view to z little int]f]5ce z possible ) ! col\r$ light4 ,! glass1 h[ev]1 be+ fix$ ne>e/ ! outside ( ! w9d[1 !re is always bo? %ad[ & reflection f ! deep sides ( ! op5+s1 mu* to ! enhancem5t ( ! mell[ness & my/]y ( col\r4 ,9 ! ,temple w9d[s ref]r$ to1 /ill fur!r subtlety ( effect is arriv$ at by an out] scre5 or lattice ( faence4 ,?us subdu$ & temp]$1 ev5 crude glass may be turn$ to beautiful acc\nt4 ,:5ce ! m$ival ,arabs got _! glass1 & ! quality ( ! mat]ial1 are matt]s ( conjecture4 ,if we may judge by ! n v anci5t specim5s :i* rea* u 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! glass us$ 9 ,cair5e lattices is g5]ally ?9 & raw2 b set1 z above describ$1 9 jewels z x 71 isolat$ ea* 9 its sep>ate %ad[ cell1 ! poore/ mat]ial looks ri*4 ,! lattices "h illu/rat$ are none ( !m ( v e>ly p]iod2 b1 :]e ! "* ( design is s traditional & *anges s sl[ly1 ! actual date ( ! "w1 always difficult to det]m9e1 matt]s little4 ,illu/ration3 #g4 ,,arab ,,glaz+ ,,9 ,,pla/]4 ,x is m ?an probable1 x is almo/ c]ta91 t ! ,v5etian glass-work]s1 :o 9 ! t5? c5tury br\ght _! art to ,france1 7 famili> ) ! col\r$ lattices ( ! ,levant2 =1 z we "k1 9 ! middle-ages ,v5ice 0 ! great trad+ port ( ,italy1 9 con/ant communication ) ! ,ea/4 ,if t 0 s1 ! ,italians1 always prone to imitate1 w\ld be sure to f\nd _! practice1 z !y did 9 o!r crafts1 m or less ^u ,p]sian & ,arabian models4 ,at all ev5ts1 !re is e reason to suppose t at fir/ !y1 practically speak+1 only did 9 lead :at ! ,ea/]n artific] did 9 /one or pla/]1 & t ! w9d[s :i*1 accord+ to v>i\s tru/wor?y b vague acc\nts1 adorn$ ! e>ly ,*ri/ian basilicas z e>ly z ! six? c5tury1 bore /rong lik5ess to ,mohamm$an glass--,*ri/ianis$1 s to speak4 ,?is is n to unsay :at 0 be=e said ab\t ! aff9ity ( e>ly glass to enamel4 ,a riv] has n ( necessity "o only & unmi/akable s\rce2 & ?\gh we may n be able to trace back ?r\gh ! di/ant ye>s ! v f\nta9 ( ?is craft1 we may q c]ta9ly affirm t its curr5t 0 swoll5 by m ?an "o side-/ream1 & t its c\rse 0 %ap$ by all mann] ( ob/9ate circum/ances & conditions ( ! "t1 be=e x w5t to jo9 ! broad & brimm+ /ream ( e>ly m$ival art4 ,illu/ration3 #h4 ,,arab ,,glaz+ ,,9 ,,pla/]4 ,"o m s\rce1 at lea/1 !re 0 at :i* ! e>ly glazi] drew inspiration--namely1 ! art ( jewel sett+4 ,col\r$ glass1 z 0 said a :ile ago1 0 itself probably fir/ made only 9 imitation ( preci\s /ones1 &1 be+ made 9 small pieces1 x _h to be set some:at 9 ! mann] ( jewell]y4 ,9 all probability ! enamell] himself wr\ght at fir/ only 9 imitation ( jewell]y1 & aft]w>ds 9 emulation ) x4 ,j z :ite glass 0 call$ cry/al1 & no d\bt pass$ = x1 s col\r$ glass actually w5t by ! "n ( ruby1 sapphire1 em]ald1 & s on4 ,x is record$ ev5 7falsely1 ( c\rse7 h[ sapphires 7 gr\nd to p[d] & mix$ ) glass to give x its deep blue col\r2 inde$1 ?is wilful confusion ( t]ms goes f> to expla9 ! my/]y ( ! mon/] jewels ( :i* we read 9 hi/ory or ! fable :i* n s v long ago pass$ = x4 ,/ories ( diamond ?rones & em]ald tables seem to lead /raight into fairyl&2 b ! glass-work] expla9s su* fancies1 & br+s u back aga9 to reality4 ,be>+ 9 m9d1 !n1 ! preci\sness ( glass1 & ! well-kept secrecy ) reg>d to its composition1 x is n beyond ! b\nds ( supposition t ! glazi] ( ! d>k ages n only int5d$ delib]ately to imitate jewell]y1 b meant t 8 glass %\ld pass ) ! ignorant 7we =get h[ v ignorant ! masses 77 = v]itably preci\s /ones4 ,ev5 ?\gh we exempt glazi]s f all *>ge ( trick]y1 x 0 inevitable t !y %\ld attempt to rival ! "w ( ! jewell]1 & to d 9 l>ge :at he _h done only 9 small4 ,t c]ta9ly !y did1 & ) su* success t1 ev5 :5 x comes to glass ( ! twelf?1 &1 inde$1 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 already pictorial consid]ations beg9 to ent] ! m9d ( ! arti/1 ! resemblance is unmi/akable4 ,illu/ration3 #i4 ,,arab ,,glaz+ ,,9 ,,pla/]4 ,try to describe ! effect ( an e>ly mosaic w9d[1 & y are compell$ to lik5 x to jewell]y4 ,jewell$ is ! only t]m :i* expresses x4 ,& ! e>li] x is ! m jewel-l x is 9 effect4 ,s long z ! workman look$ ^u 8 glass z a species ( jewell]y1 x foll[$1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 f ! v e/imation 9 :i* he held 8 mat]ial1 t he did n ?9k ( obscur+ x by pa9t--defil+ x1 z he w\ld h held4 ,x is n s mu* t he w\ld h be5 a%am$ to dep5d on ! pa9t] to put 8 col\r "r1 z t ! ?\ght ( su* a ?+ nev] ent]$ 8 m9d2 he 0 a glazi]4 ,x 0 ! pa9t] fir/ ?\ght ( t1 & 8 "t _h n yet come4 ,possibly x may h occurr$ to ! read]1 apropos ( ! diagram on page #aj1 9 :i* x 0 %[n h[ f> ! glazi] c\ld g t[>ds ! production ( a map 9 glass1 t t 0 n f>4 ,c]ta9ly he does n g v f> t[>ds mak+ a *>t ( any geographical value1 b he does g a long way t[>ds mak+ a w9d[2 = ! fir/ & =emo/ qualities 9 col\r$ glass are col\r & transluc5cy--& = transluc5t col\r ! glazi]1 aft] ! glass-mak]1 is alone responsible4 ,x is 9 "s respects v mu* to be deplor$ t ! ,go?ic craftsman s e>ly took to ! use ( supplem5t>y pa9t+1 :i* 9 ! end div]t$ 8 att5tion f a possible developm5t ( 8 craft 9 a direction n only natural to x b big ) possibilities nev] to ?is day realis$4 ,( ri*ly jewell$ ,go?ic glass all innoc5t ( pa9t1 no s+le w9d[ rema9s to u2 b !re are fairly num]\s examples extant ( patt]n w9d[s glaz$ 9 :ite glass1 :e!r 9 ob$i5ce to ! ,ci/]cian rule :i* =bade col\r1 or ) a view to lett+ light into ! *ur*es--& x is to *ur*es1 preval5t z dome/ic glass may once h be51 we mu/ n[ g = our ,go?ic w9d[s4 ,illu/ration3 #aj4 ,,glaz+ ,,9 ,,pla/]1 ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,,museum4 ,"s ( ?is :ite patt]n "w is ascrib$ to a p]iod almo/ z e>ly z t ( any glass we "k2 b x is almo/ impossible to speak positively z to ! date ( any?+ s extremely simple 9 its execution2 9 :i* !re is no te*nique ( pa9t+ to tell tales2 & :i*1 :5 once /ori$ w9d[s came into fa%ion1 0 probably left to ! t5d] m]cies ( less] craftsm51 :o may n h disda9$ to save !mselves ! tr\ble ( design1 & to repeat ! old1 old patt]ns4 ,! e>li] glazi]1 x 0 said1 pa9t$1 figuratively speak+1 9 glass4 ,x is sc>cely a figure ( spee* to say t he drew 9 leadwork4 ,?is mode ( draughtsman%ip 0 employ$ 9 all /rictly mosaic glass2 b x is 9 ! :ite w9d[s 7or ! pale gre5 w9d[s1 :i* 7 ! ne>e/ he c\ld get to :ite1 & :i* x is conv5i5t to call :ite7 t ?is draw+ ) ! leads is mo/ app>5t--9 patt]ns1 t is to say1 9 :i* ! design is =m$ entirely by ! leadwork4 ,y h only to look at su* patt]ns z ,nos4 #aa to #ag1 to see h[ ?is 0 s2 !y are all design$ 9 outl9e1 & ! outl9e is giv5 9 lead4 ,x is p]fectly pla9 !re h[ e sep>ate l9e ! glazi] laid d[n 9 *>coal ^u 8 b5* /ood = a /rip ( lead4 ,&1 look+ at ! glass1 we see t x is ! lead :i* makes ! patt]n4 ,x is no /ra9+ ( t]ms to call ?is design+ 9 ! lead4 ,! +5uity 9 design+ su* patt]ns z ^? bel[ & opposite1 :i* is v consid]able1 consi/s 9 s s*em+ !m t e lead l9e %all fulfil alike a con/ructive & an arti/ic function2 t is to say1 t e l9e 9 ! design %all be necess>y to its arti/ic effect1 t !re %all be no lead l9e :i* is n an outl9e1 no outl9e :i* is n a lead4 ,illu/ration3 #aa4 ,,pla9 ,,glaz+1 ,,bonlieu4 ,x is n always t ! glazi] 0 s consci5ti\s z ?is4 ,m4 ,viollet le ,duc po9t$ out1 9 ! mo/ helpful article 9 8 fam\s ,diction>y ( ,ar*itecture1 "u ! head ( ,vitrail1 h[ 9 ! little w9d[ f ,bonlieu1 "h illu/rat$1 ! m$ival craftsman resort$ to a dodge1 m +5i\s ?an +5u\s1 by :i* he manag$ to economise lab\r4 ,ea* sep>ate lead l9e !re does n enclose a sep>ate piece ( glass4 ,! l9es are all ( lead2 b "s ( !m are m]e dummies1 /rips ( metal1 hold+ no?+1 c>ri$ across ! face ( ! glass only1 & sold]$ on to ! m bus9esslike leads at ea* end4 ,! ext5t ( bon fide glaz+ is indicat$ 9 ! "r-h& corn] ( ! draw+4 ,i confess ,i 0 incl9$ at fir/ to ?9k t ,viollet le ,duc might1 9 ascrib+ ?is glass to ! twelf? c5tury1 v possibly h dat$ x too f> back2 = ?is is ! k9d ( trick "o w\ld m naturally expect f ! lat] & m sophi/icat$ workman2 b ,i h s9ce come ^u ! same device myself1 bo? at ,reims & ,*lons1 9 "w c]ta9ly z old z ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,y see1 cutt+ ! glass 0 ! difficulty 9 ^? days1 & sometimes x 0 %irk$4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! subt]fuge employ$ at ,bonlieu & 9 ! specim5s f ,*lons1 opposite1 0 n 9 ord] to evade any difficulty 9 glaz+--! designs pres5t none--b m]ely to save tr\ble4 ,!re w\ld h be5 m occasion = evasion 9 execut+ ! design f ,aix-la-,*apelle 7#ad71 :]e ! %>p po9ts ( ! fleur-de-lys give backgr\nd %apes difficult = ! glazi] to cut4 ,x w be notic$ t to ! left ( ! panel "o ( ! po9ts jo9s ! neck+-piece1 :i* holds ! fleur-de-lys toge!r4 ,t is a mu* m practical piece ( glaz+ ?an ! free po9t1 :i* pres5ts a difficulty 9 cutt+ ! backgr\nd1 indicative ( ! late p]iod to :i* ! glass belongs4 ,! e>li] m$ival glazi] work$ ) primitive tools1 :i* kept him p]=ce )9 ! b\nds ( simplicity & dignifi$ re/ra9t4 ,illu/ration3 #ab4 ,,*,,lons4 ,9 :ite w9d[s1 s call$1 he did n by any means conf9e himself :olly to ! use ( :at x is conv5i5t to call :ite glass4 ,f a v e>ly date1 p]haps f ! v fir/1 he w\ld enri* x ) "s slight am\nt ( col\r4 ,hav+ devis$1 z x 71 a lattice ( :ite l9es1 z 9 ! left-h& patt]n f ,salisbury 7ov]leaf71 x 0 a v simple ?+ to fill "h & !re a division ( 8 design ) a piece ( col\r$ in/ead ( :ite glass1 z 9 ! patt]n next to x 9 ord]4 ,! ?ird patt]n1 to ! "r1 %[s h[ he w\ld ev5 introduce a sep>ate jewel ( col\r1 p]haps pa9t$1 :i* _h to be connect$ ) ! design by leads =m+ no "p ( ! patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 #ac4 ,,*,,lons4 ,col\r spots are m +5i\sly introduc$ 9 ! example f ,brab\rne ,*ur*1 ,k5t1 7said to be ,norman7 :]e ! d>k] t9ts are +5i\sly ?r[n into ! backgr\nd4 ,b "h aga91 al?\gh ?is is p]haps z e>ly a specim5 ( glaz+ z we h 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! glazi] resorts 9 8 c5tral rosettes to ! aid ( pa9t4 ,illu/ration3 #ad4 ,,aix-,,la-,,*apelle4 ,illu/ration3 #ae4 ,,s\? ,,transept1 ,,salisbury4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! m>g9al l9es :i* frame ?is w9d[1 & aga9 9 ! :ite b&s 9 two out ( ! ?ree patt]ns f ,salisbury1 leads are introduc$ :i* h only a con/ructional use1 & r confuse ! design4 ,t !y d n absolutely de/roy x is due to its m>k$ simplicity1 & to ! proportion ( ! n>r[ b&s to ! broad spaces4 ,?is is yet m cle>ly m>k$ 9 ! v satisfactory glaz+ designs f ,s4 ,s]ge at ,ang]s4 ,! fact is1 !re is a limit to ! possibilities ( design1 su* z t f ,s5s 7page #if71 9 :i* lit]ally only f\r leads 7viz41 ^? f ! po9ts ( ! c5tral diamond %ape7 are introduc$ :olly & solely = /r5g?2 & :5 x comes to w9d[s ( any consid]able size1 su* z cl]e/ory w9d[s1 to :i* pla9 glaz+ is peculi>ly suit$1 leads :i* m]ely /r5g!n become absolutely necess>y4 ,! art ( ! design] consi/s 9 s s*em+ !m t !y %all n s]i\sly int]f]e ) ! patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 #af4 ,,brab\rne ,,*ur* ,,k5t4 ,7 ! patt]n 9 l9es ( col\r ^u :ite1 ! crossl9es /r5g!n+ !m w\ld ( c\rse be lo/ 9 ! d>k] t9t2 b1 z x happ5s1 we d n f9d 9 ! e>lie/ glaz+ l9es ( int]lac+ col\r1 ?\gh !y occur by way ( bord] l9es1 z at ,s4 ,s]ge 7bel[71 :]e a m>g9al l9e ( yell[ is enclos$ betwe5 /rips ( :ite4 ,illu/ration3 #ag4 ,s4 ,,s]ge1 ,,ang]s4 ,! int]lac+ "* ( sev]al ( ! :ite glaz+ patt]ns illu/rat$ betrays ( c\rse ,romanesque influ5ce2 b !re w\ld n h be5 s _m designs consi/+ ( int]lac+ b&s ( :ite ^u a :ite gr\nd1 enclos+1 at int]vals m or less r>e1 :at _h be/ be call$ jewels ( col\r1 _h x n be5 t ! =ms ( int]lac+ /rapwork l5d !mselves k9dly to glaz+4 ,e "t a /rap disappe>s1 z x 71 beh9d ano!r1 y h j ! break 9 its cont9uity :i* ! glazi] desires1 & if only ! int]lac+s are frequ5t en\gh 7z on page #if7 !y give him all he wants4 ,s f> ! examples illu/rat$ are1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 outl9e2 t is to say1 on a gr\nd ( :ite ! patt]n appe>s z a network ( leads1 fl[+ or geometric z ! case may be1 emphasis$ "h & !re by a t\* ( d>k col\r1 focuss+ !m z x 74 ,)\t su* po9ts ( col\r a design looks sometimes too mu* l a m]e outl9e1 meant to be fill$ 9 ) col\r1 &1 9 %ort1 unf9i%$2 b z yet ! d>k] & light] t9ts ( :ite are n us$ to emphasise ! patt]n1 z !y w\ld h done if1 = example1 ! int]lac+ /raps _h be5 glaz$ 9 a slightly pur] :ite ?an ! gr\nd4 ,on ! contr>y1 not)/&+ ! v great v>iety 9 ! t9ts ( gre5i%-:ite1 :i* result$ f ! *emically imp]fect manufacture ( ! glass1 !y 7 employ$ v mu* at haphaz>d1 & s f> f ev] def9+ ! design1 g to obviate any?+ h>% or me*anical !re may be 9 x4 ,!re is else1 ( c\rse1 a t5d5cy 9 geometric patt]n to look too m]ely geometric4 ,"o wants always to feel x is a w9d[ t is !re1 & n j s _m feet ( diap]4 ,ano!r practical =m ( design is t 9 :i* x is n ! network ( leads1 b ! spaces !y inclose1 :i* con/itutes ! patt]n2 :]e l9es are n s mu* ?\ght ( z masses2 :]e ! ma9 consid]ation is col\r1 & cont\r is ( q second>y acc\nt4 ,! leads fulfil /ill _! arti/ic function ( m>k+ ! division ( ! col\rs1 z !y fulfil ! practical "o ( b9d+ ! bits ( col\r$ glass toge!r2 ! glazi] /ill draws 9 lead l9es2 b att5tion is n call$ to !m especially2 inde$1 ) id5tically ! same lead l9es "o c\ld produce two or ?ree q diff]5t effects1 accord+ z "o emphasis$ by /rong] col\r "o s]ies ( %apes or ano!r4 ,9 ! case ( a framework ( /rictly geometric l9es1 /raight or curv$1 "o gets patt]ns su* z we see 9 m>ble inlay4 ,! slab ( m>ble mosaic & ! /a9$ glass bord] opposite are m ?an alike2 ! "o is simply a c>ry+ fur!r ( ! o!r4 ,! glass design might j z well h be5 execut$ 9 m>ble1 or ! m>ble design 9 glass4 ,9 ! upp] *ur* at ,assisi are "s bord]s ( geometric inlay1 "o ( :i* is giv5 on page #if1 id5tical 9 "* ) ! m9ute geometric inlay 7:i*1 by ! way1 0 also 9 glass1 ?\gh opaque71 ) :i* ! ,cosmati illum9at$1 s to speak1 _! m>ble %r9es & monum5ts4 ,?is species ( patt]n "w1 appropriate z x is to glass mosaic1 transp>5t z well z opaque1 does n seem to h be5 mu* us$ 9 glass1 ev5 9 ,italy2 :]e x does occur x is 9 association1 z at ,assisi & ,orvieto1 ) pa9t$ "w ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury1 ?\gh f its ,byzant9e "* x might z well be c5turies e>li]4 ,x appe>s t ?is1 :i* 01 !oretically1 ! simple/ & mo/ obvi\s =m ( lead$ patt]n "w1 & might1 !re=e1 well h be5 ! e>lie/1 0 nev] adopt$ to any?+ l ! ext5t to :i* int]lac+ ornam5t 0 c>ri$4 ,illu/ration3 #ah4 ,,m>ble ,,mosaic1 ,,roman4 ,illu/ration3 #ai4 ,,glass1 ,,orvieto4 ,m$ival glazi]s did n attempt any?+ l foliat$ ornam5t 9 lead$ glass1 & = good reason4 ,9 su* "w ! difficulty ( do+ )\t l9es detrim5tal to ! design is greatly increas$1 :]eas ab/ract =ms y c b5d to y\r w1 z y c b5d y\r /rip ( lead4 ,! m natural ! =ms employ$ ! m nature has to be consid]$ 9 r5d]+ !m1 & nature decl9es to g always 9 ! direction ( simple glaz+4 ,x might seem easy en\gh 7to ^? :o d n "k ! difficulty7 to glaze toge!r bits ( he>t-%ap$ gre5 glass = leaves1 & r$ = petals1 ) a dot ( yell[ = ! eye ( ! fl[]1 & to make use ( ! lead n only = outl9es b = ! /alks ( ! leaves & s on1 all on a pal] gr\nd2 b x is n s easy z t4 ,! design] _c g f> )\t want+ o!r connect+ leads 7besides ^? us$ = ! /alk72 & :5 "s leads are meant v emphatically to be se5 & "s to be ignor$1 !re is no kn[+ :at ! actual effect may be3 ! draw+ l9es may be q lo/ 9 a network ( connect+ leads4 ,aga91 ! m$ival glazi] did n1 s f> z we h any k1 build up 9 lead glaz+ a boldly pron\nc$ patt]n1 light on d>k or d>k on light4 ,?is he might easily h done4 ,on a small scale pla9 glaz+ mu/ p]=ce be mode/2 b1 giv5 a scale l>ge en\gh1 almo/ any design 9 silh\ette c be express$ 9 pla9 glaz+4 ,y may want 9 t case pl5ty ( purely con/ructional leads1 n meant to be se51 or 9 any case meant to be ignor$2 b if ! contra/ betwe5 design & backgr\nd be only /rong en\gh 7say col\r on :ite or :ite on col\r71 !y d n 9 ! lea/ hurt ! g5]al effect4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are ( ! utmo/ use to ! workman :o kn[s 8 mat]ials1 enabl+ him to get t inf9ite v>iety ( col\r :i* is ! cr[n+ *>m ( glass4 ,:at ! design] ( lead$ glass _h to consid] 01 9 ! fir/ place1 ! difficulty ( %ap+ ! pieces4 ,t is n[ no long] v great1 ?anks to ! diamond1 :i* makes cutt+ s easy t !re is ev5 a dang] le/ ! workman's skill ( h& may outrun 8 judgm5t1 & tempt him to indulge 9 useless t\rs de =ce4 ,! absurdity ( tak+ ! greate/ possible pa9s to ! lea/ possible purpose is obvi\s4 ,! m important consid]ation is n[1 !re=e1 ! sub/antiality ( ! w9d[ once made4 ,?9k ( ! =ce ( a gale ( w9d & its pressure ^u ! w9d[3 x is trem5d\s2 & glaz+ does n long keep a smoo? face be=e x4 ,except !re is a solid iron b> to keep x 9 place1 x soon bulges inw>ds1 & pres5ts a surface z undul\s1 on a small] scale1 z ! pavem5t ( ,/4 ,m>k's2 &1 z x beg9s to yield1 snap g ! awkw>dly %ap$ pieces ( glass :i* ! glazi] has be5 at su* pa9s to cut4 ,! m$ival arti/1 !re=e1 ex]cis$ no m ?an common s5se1 :5 he %ap$ ! pieces ( glass he employ$ ) a view to security1 avoid+ %>p turns or elb[s 9 ! glass1 or v long & n>r[ /rips1 or ev5 v acutely po9t$ w$ge-%ap$ pieces4 ,no d\bt ! difficulty ( cutt+ help$ to keep him 9 ! way he %\ld g2 probably1 also1 he 0 "u no temptation to indulge 9 pieces ( glass s l>ge t1 incapable ( yield+1 !y 7 b\nd to break "u pressure ( ! w9d4 ,t he sometimes us$ pieces s small z 9 "t to get clogg$ ) du/ & dirt1 0 ow+ to ! natural desire to use up ! preci\s fragm5ts :i*1 "u 8 clumsy sy/em ( cutt+1 mu/ h accumulat$ 9 great quantity4 ,:]e mo/ he %[$ 8 ma/]y 01 9 =esee+ :]e ! /ra9 w\ld come1 & introduc+ always a lead jo9t :]e ! crack might occur1 anticipat+ & w>d+ (f ! dang] to come4 ,he 0 workman en\gh frankly to accept ! limitations ( 8 trade4 ,occasionally 7z at ,bonlieu7 he may h %irk$ "w2 b he accommodat$ himself to ! nature ( 8 mat]ials4 ,nev] pret5d+ to d :at he c\ld n1 he betray$ nei!r its weakness nor 8 own4 ,m]e glaz+ has "h be5 discuss$ at a l5g? :i* p]haps nei!r exi/+ "w ( ! k9d nor ! mod]n practice ( ! craft 7m is ! pity7 might seem to dem&4 ,x is ! mo/ mode/1 ! rude/ ev51 ( /a9$ glass2 b x is ! beg9n+ & ! f\ndation ( glass w9d[ mak+1 & x affects mo/ deeply ev5 ! fully develop$ art ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! lead+ ( a w9d[ is ! framework ( its design1 ! skeleton to be fill$ out pres5tly & clo!d 9 col\r2 &1 if ! anatomy is wrong1 no?+ w ev] make ! picture "r4 ,! leads are ! bones1 :i* x is necess>y to /udy1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 intr9sically )\t int]e/1 = on !m dep5ds ! =m :i* %all ev5tually *>m u4 ,beauty is n sk9 deep3 x is ! philosophy ( ! poet :i* is %all[4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,e>ly ,,mosaic ,,w9d[s4 ,x has be5 expla9$ already at h[ v e>ly a p]iod /a9$ glass beg9s also to be pa9t$ glass m or less4 ,b = ! fond desire to be some?+ m ?an an arti/--to tea*1 to prea*1 to tell a /ory--! glazi] w\ld possibly h be5 q cont5t ) ! m]e jewell]y ( glass1 & might h gone on = ye>s1 & = g5]ations1 us+ 8 pot-metal z x left ! pot4 ,z x 01 work+ always 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*1 9 ^: eyes x 0 ( mu* m importance t a w9d[ %\ld be /ori$ ?an t x %\ld be ri*ly dight1 he f\nd x necess>y f ! fir/ to adopt ! use ( pa9t--n1 z already expla9$1 = ! purpose ( giv+ col\r1 b ( %utt+ x out1 or at mo/ modify+ x4 ,8 "w 0 /ill ess5tially1 & 9 ! fir/ place1 mosaic4 ,he conceiv$ 8 w9d[1 t is to say1 z made up ( a multiplicity ( little pieces ( col\r$ glass1 ! outl9es suppli$1 = ! mo/ "p1 by ! /rong l9es ( connect+ leadwork1 & ! details trac$ 9 l9es ( opaque pigm5t4 ,he /ill design$ ) ! leads1 z ,i h express$ x1 & ?r\gh\t ! ?irte5? c5tury 7?\gh less emphatically ?an 9 ! twelf?7 8 design is commonly q legible at a di/ance at :i* ! pa9t$ detail is altoge!r lo/2 b 9 design+ 8 leads he _h always 9 view1 ( c\rse1 t !y 7 to be help$ out by pa9t4 ,9 ! late ?irte5? c5tury or e>ly f\rte5? c5tury figure f ,troyes1 on page #ccf1 :i* dep5ds v little inde$ ^u any pa9t$ detail to be deciph]$1 ! light] figure glaz$ ^u a gr\nd ( d>k trellis-"w is n only readable1 b sugge/ive ( consid]able feel+2 & 9 ! und\bt$ly f\rte5? c5tury figure on page #bda1 :]e1 ) ! exception ( ! h&s & face1 !re is absolutely no indication ( ! pa9t ) :i* ! arti/ ev5tually complet$ 8 draw+1 !re is no mi/ak+ ! recumb5t figure ( ,jesse1 ev5 )\t any help ( col\r4 ,b ! e>li] ! glass1 ! less 0 !re ( pa9t+1 & ! m ! burd5 ( design fell ^u ! glazi]4 ,! two figures f ,le ,mans1 "h giv5 7g5]ally all[$ to belong to ab\t ! ye> #aajj7 %[ v pla9ly bo? ! am\nt & ! "* ( ! pa9t+ us$1 & ! ext5t to :i* ! design dep5ds ^u x4 ,!re is no mi/ake ab\t ! value ( ! lead l9es !re1 or ! extreme simplicity ( ! pa9t$ detail4 ,illu/ration3 #bj4 ,,figures ,,f ,,asc5sion1 ,,le ,,mans4 ,x w be se5 t pa9t is !re us$ = ?ree purposes3 to pa9t out ! gr\nd r\nd ab\t ! feet1 h&s1 & faces2 to m>k ! folds ( ! drap]y1 & j an indication ( %ad+ ^u x2 & to black5 ! hair4 ,x 0 only 9 ?us r5d]+ ! human hair t ! e>lie/ craftsman ev] us$ pa9t z local col\r4 ,9 t case he _h a way ( scrap+ out ( x l9es ( light to indicate detail4 ,if su* l9es %[$ too bright1 x 0 easy to tone !m d[n ) a film ( ?9n] pa9t4 ,9 ^! p>ticul> figures f ,le ,mans ! arti/ _h n yet arriv$ at t process2 b f ! v fir/ x 0 a q common cu/om1 in/ead ( pa9t+ v small ornam5tal detail1 to obscure ! glass ) solid pigm5t1 & !n scrape out ! ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 #ba4 ,,hit*9 ,,*ur*4 ,! fact is1 t 9 e>ly w9d[s a mu* l>g] proportion ( ! glass is obscur$1 & _h ne$ to be obscur$1 ?an w\ld be suppos$4 ,x w be se5 :at a consid]able area ( pa9t surr\nds ! feet ( ! two apo/les on page #cc4 ,?is is p>tly ow+ to ! !n difficulty ( exactly %ap+ ! pieces ( glass employ$2 b x is l>gely due to ! actual necessity ( suffici5t area ( d>k to c\nt]act ! t5d5cy ( ! light] %ades ( glass1 su* z ! br[ni%-p9k employ$ = fle% t9ts1 to spread _! rays & oblit]ate ! draw+4 ,n only w\ld ! extremely att5uat$ f+]s1 %[n 9 ! scraps f ,hit*9 ,*ur* above look q well fle%$ 9 ! glass1 b x 0 ess5tial t !y %\ld be s pa9t$ 9 ord] to come out satisfactorily--t is1 )\t ! aid ( %ad+1 to :i* pa9t]s did n yet mu* resort4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y 7 at fir/ v *>y ( half t9t--employ+ x1 inde$1 = ! r\nd+ ( fle% & s on1 b n to degrade ! col\r ( ! glass1 small ?\gh _! palette 04 ,illu/ration3 #bb4 ,s4 ,,remi1 ,,reims4 ,some?+1 h[ev]1 _h to be done to prev5t especially ! :ites1 yell[s1 & pale blues1 & 9 "s degree all b ! d>k col\rs1 f tak+ m ?an _! due "p 9 ! g5]al effect4 ,x 0 n always possible to r$uce ! area ( ! glass ( an aggressive t9t to ! dim5sions requir$4 ,to h r$uc$ a l9e ( :ite1 = example1 to ! n>r[ness at :i* x w\ld tell = :at 0 want$1 w\ld h be5 to make x s n>r[ t ! accumulation ( du/ & dirt betwe5 ! leads w\ld soon h clogg$ x & blott$ x out altoge!r4 ,:at !y did 0 to pa9t x heavily ) patt]n4 ,= example1 !y w\ld pa9t out great "p ( a :ite l9e & leave only a r[ ( beads1 ) s mu* pa9t betwe5 & ar\nd !m t c]ta9ly n m ?an "o-?ird ( ! area ( ! glass 0 left cle>1 & ! effect at ! "r di/ance 7z at ,ang]s1 page #aaf7 w\ld be t ( a cont9u\s /r+ ( pe>ls4 ,!y w\ld 9 ! same way pa9t a /rip ( glass solid1 & m]ely pick out a zig-zag or "s su* patt]n ^u x1 ) or )\t a m>g9al ?read ( light on ea* side 7,le ,mans74 ,r ?an l[] ! brightness ( ! glass by a t9t ( pigm5t !y w\ld coat x ) solid br[n1 & pick out ^u x a m9ute diap] ( cross-hat*$ l9es & dots1 by t means r$uc+ ! volume ( transmitt$ light )\t mu* int]f]+ ) its purity 7,s4 ,remi1 ,reims1 bel[74 ,diap] ( m int]e/+ k9d af=d$ a ready means ( l[]+ %ades ( glass :i* 7 too light or too bright = ! purpose requir$1 & = supply+ 9 effect ! defici5cies ( ! pot-metal palette4 ,ov]leaf are "s fragm5ts ( diap] patt]n s pick$ out1 f ,cant]bury1 :i* w\ld possibly nev] h be5 devis$ if ! design] _h _h to 8 h& j ! %ade ( blue glass he want$4 ,some?+ c]ta9ly ( ! elaboration ( patt]n :i* di/+ui%es ! e>lie/ glass comes ( ! desire to qualify its col\r4 ,viollet le ,duc endeav\rs to expla9 ) sci5tific precision :i* are ! col\rs :i* spread mo/1 & h[ !y spread4 ,8 analysis is useful z well z int]e/+2 b absolute def9ition ( ! effect ( radiation is possible only ) reg>d to a rigidly fix$ range ( col\rs to :i* no col\ri/ w\ld ev] conf9e himself4 ,a man gets by exp]i5ce to "k ! value ( 8 col\rs 9 _! place1 & ?9ks out 8 s*eme accord+ly4 ,he puts1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 m pa9t+ into pale drap]ies ?an into d>k1 & s on2 b to a great ext5t he acts ^u t subtle sort ( reason+ :i* we call feel+4 ,intuition x may be1 b x is ! intuition ( a man :o kn[s4 ,! simple me?od ( e>ly execution w5t h& 9 h& ) equal simplicity ( design--! "o almo/ necessitat$ ! o!r--& ! e>li] ! w9d[ ! m pla9ly is its patt]n pron\nc$1 light aga9/ d>k1 or1 less usually1 7z 9 "s mo/ int]e/+ rema9s ( v e>ly glass f ,*lons n[ at ! ,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs at ,p>is7 9 full1 /rong col\r ^u :ite4 ,9 twelf? c5tury "w especially1 figures & ornam5t alike are always frankly %[n en silh\ette4 ,witness ! design on pages #cc & #aae4 ,simil> relief or isolation ( ! figure aga9/ ! backgr\nd is %[n 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury bi%ops1 occupy+ two divisions ( a rose w9d[ at ,salisbury1 on page #bge2 & aga9 9 ! little subject f ,lyons1 :]e ,s4 ,pet] is be+ l$ (f by ! gaol] to prison4 ,illu/ration3 #bc4 ,,cant]bury ,,ca!dral4 ,9 proportion z ! aim ( ! arti/ becomes m pictorial he gr\ps 8 figures m 9 clumps 7y see indications ( t at ,cant]bury71 :5ce comes mu* ( ! confusion ( effect *>act]i/ic ( ! ?irte5? c5tury z x advances1 n 9 ?is respect 9 ! direction ( improvem5t4 ,9 8 ha/e to tell a /ory he tells x less effectively4 ,:]e an e>ly subject is un9telligible 7suppos+ x to be 9 good pres]vation7 x is almo/ inv>iably ow+ to ! figures n be+ cle>ly en\gh cut out aga9/ ! backgr\nd4 ,isolation ( ! design seems to be a necess>y condition ( success 9 glass ( ! simple1 sc>cely pa9t$1 k9d4 ,9 ornam5t1 :]e ! arti/ _h no?+ to ?9k ( b arti/ic effect1 he inv>iably & to a mu* lat] p]iod def9$ x unmi/akably aga9/ contra/+ col\r4 ,t is illu/rat$ on page #aag1 "p ( a ?irte5? c5tury w9d[ at ,salisbury1 & 9 ! bord] bel[1 z well z v>i\s o!rs ( ! p]iod1 pages #abi1 #acj1 & else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 #bd4 ,,poiti]s ,,ca!dral4 7,comp>e ) #ei47 ,x is ! almo/ unanim\s v]dict ( ! inexp]t t ! lead l9es v s]i\sly detract f ! beauty ( e>ly w9d[s4 ,h[ mu* m beautiful !y w\ld be1 x is said1 )\t ^? ugly black l9es6 ,possibly ! exp]t & ! lov] ( old glass h unconsci\sly br\ght !mselves n to see :at !y d n want to see2 & ! leads may1 sob]ly & judici\sly speak+1 s]i\sly int]f]e ) ! =m ( ! design4 ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! beauty ( e>ly glass is 9 its col\r1 n 9 its =m4 ,t is v cle>ly %[n 9 ! illu/rations to ?is *apt] & ! next2 :i* give1 un=tunately1 no?+ ( ! beauty & real glory ( ! glass1 b only its design & execution2 !y appe> p]haps 9 black & :ite s m]ely grotesque1 t x may be difficult to any "o n famili> ) ! glass itself to und]/& :y s mu* %\ld be said 9 its praise4 ,9 reality ! lack ( beauty1 especially app>5t 9 ! figure draw+ ( ! e>ly glass pa9t]s :5 r$uc$ to mono*rome1 tak5 9 conjunction ) ! magnific5t effect ( _m ( ! e>lie/ w9d[s 7:i* no col\ri/ has ev] yet be5 kn[n to d5y7 is pro( 9 itself h[ entirely _! art dep5d$ ^u col\r--col\r1 x %\ld be add$1 ( a quality q unapproa*able by any o!r m$ium ?an t ( transluc5t glass or actual jewell]y4 ,no "o :o appreciates at any?+ l its full value ! magnific5ce ( t col\r w ?9k ! int]f]5ce ( occasional lead l9es a heavy price to pay = x4 ,illu/ration3 #be4 ,s4 ,,kunib]t1 ,,cologne4 ,=--& ?is is ! second po9t to be expla9$ 9 ref]5ce to lead+--! leads1 7 !y nev] s objectionable1 are actually ! price we pay = ! glory ( e>ly glass4 ,x is by _! aid we get ^? mosaics ( pot-metal1 ! dep? & ri*ness ( :i* to ?is day1 ) all our sci5ce ( *emi/ry1 we _c approa* by any process ( enamell+4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh m]ely con/ructional leads1 tak+ a direction contr>y to ! design1 may at times di/urb ! eye1 7!y sc>cely ev] di/urb ! effect7 !y add to ! ri*ness ( ! glass 9 a way its unle>n$ admir]s little dream4 ,n only is ! dep? & int5sity ( ! col\r v greatly enhanc$ by ! deep black sett+ ( lead1 a v]itable network ( %ade 9 :i* jewels ( bright col\r are caught1 b x is by ! use ( a multiplicity ( small pieces ( glass 7in/ead ( a s+le %eet1 out ( :i* ! drap]y ( a figure c\ld be cut all 9 "o piece--! ideal ( ! ignorant671 t ! supreme beauty ( col\r is rea*$4 ,exam9e ! bloom ( a pea* or ( a *ild's complexion1 & see h[ x is made up ( specks ( blue & grey & purple & yell[ among/ ! p9k & :ite ( :i* x is suppos$ to consi/4 ,e arti/1 ( c\rse1 kn[s t a col\r is beautiful accord+ to ! v>iety 9 x2 & a ,ruby backgr\nd 7z x is usually call$71 :i* is made up ( little bits ( glass ( v>i\s %ades ( r$1 n only crimson1 sc>let1 & orange1 b purple & w9e-col\r ( all %ades f deepe/ cl>et to tawny port1 is z f> beyond :at is possible 9 a %eet ( ev5 r$ glass z ! col\r ( a lady's h& is beyond ! possible competition ( pe>l p[d] or a p9k kid glove4 ,n only1 !re=e1 7 ! small pieces ( glass 9 e>ly w9d[s1 & ! consequ5t leads1 inevitable1 b !y are actually at ! v root ( its beauty2 & ! artific] ( ! d>k ages 0 wis] 9 8 g5]ation ?an ! *ildr5 ( ?is era ( enlight5m5t4 ,he did n butt 8 head aga9/ immovable ob/acles1 b built ^u !m z a f\ndation4 ,h5ce 8 success1 & 9 x a lesson to ! glazi] = all "t--:i* 0 tak5 to he>t 7z w be %[n pres5tly7 by craftsm5 ev5 ( a p]iod too readily suppos$ to h be5 giv5 ov] entirely to pa9t+ ^u glass4 ,let !re be no misund]/&+ ab\t :at is claim$ = ! e>lie/ w9d[s4 ,! me?od ( mosaic1 ek$ out ) a m9imum ( trac+ 9 opaque pigm5t1 does n l5d itself v k9dly to picture2 & x is 9 ornam5t t ! ?irte5? c5tury glazi] is pre-em95t4 ,!re is ev5 some?+ b>b>ic ab\t ! spl5d\r ( 8 a*ievem5t4 ,might x n be said t 9 all absolutely ornam5tal decoration !re is some?+ ( ! b>b>ic8--:i* may g to acc\nt = ! r>ity ( real ornam5t1 or any true appreciation ( x1 among mod]n p4 ,we might n h to scrat* ! civilis$ man v deep to rea* ! savage 9 him1 b he is1 at all ev5ts1 sophi/icat$ en\gh to h lo/ 8 unaffect$ delight 9 /rong bright col\rs & mean+less twi/+s ( ornam5t4 ,be t z x may1 ! figure "w ( ! ?irte5? c5tury w9d[ design] is di/9ctly less p]fect ?an 8 scrolls & su*like1 p>tly1 x is true1 because ( 8 inadequate figure draw+1 b p>tly also because 8 mat]ials 7 n well adapt$ to any?+ remotely l pictorial repres5tation4 ,! figures 9 8 subjects h1 z be=e said1 to be cut out aga9/ ! backgr\nd 9 ord] to be intelligible4 ,h5ce a /iff & ultra-=mal s*eme ( design1 & also a c]ta9 exagg]ation ( attitude1 :i* 9 ! h&s ( a nave & sometimes almo/ *ildi% draughtsman becomes absolutely grotesque4 ,?is is mo/ /rik+ly ! case 9 ! l>g] figures1 sometimes consid]ably ov] lifesize1 /&+ all 9 a r[ 9 ! cl]e/ory lights ( "s ( ! great ,fr5* ca!drals4 ,illu/ration3 #bf4 ,,lyons4 ,! scale ( ^! figures gave opportunity 7heads all-(-a-piece %[ t x did n actually make x a necessity7 = glaz+ ! faces 9 sev]al pieces ( glass2 & x 0 q ! usual ?+1 z at ,lyons 7opposite7 to glaze ! fle% 9 p9ki%-br[n1 ! be>d 9 :ite or grey or yell[ or "s d>k col\r--n seldom blue1 :i* _h at a di/ance v mu* ! value ( black--& ! eyes 9 :ite4 ,sometimes ev51 z at ,reims1 ! iris ( ! eye 0 n repres5t$ by a blot ( pa9t b 0 itself glaz$ 9 blue4 ,! effect ( ?is might h be5 happi] if ! l9es ( ! pa9t+ _h be5 m ( ! same /r5g? z ! leads1 & s /rong en\gh to support !m4 ,z x is1 ! great :ite eyes />t out ( ! picture & spoil x4 ,!y h a way ( gl>+ at y fix$ly2 !re is no speculation 9 _! />e2 !y look m l huge goggles ?an live eyes4 ,& x is n ^! only :i* are grotesque2 ! small] figures 9 subject w9d[s are1 = ! mo/ "p1 rude & crude1 to a degree :i* precludes "o1 or any "o b an ar*ologi/ pur sang1 f tak+ !m s]i\sly z figure design4 ,!y are (t5 really n s mu* l human figures z bogies1 ugly en\gh to fright5 a *ild4 ,:at is m to be deplor$ is t !y are s ugly z actually to h fright5$ away _m a w\ld-be arti/ 9 glass f ! /udy ( !m--a /udy really ess5tial to ! prop] und]/&+ ( 8 mti]2 = repellant z ^? bogey figures may be1 !y %[ m effectually ?an lat]1 m attractive1 & mu* m accompli%$ pa9t+1 ! direction 9 :i* ! glass pa9t] %\ld g1 & mu/ g1 if he wants to make figures tell1 say1 9 ! cl]e/ory ( a great *ur*4 ,ap>t f ! halo ( s5tim5t ab\t ! e>lie/ "w--& :o %all say h[ mu* ( t s5tim5t we br+ to x ourselves8--ap>t f ! actual picturesqu5ess--& h[ mu* ( t is due to age & accid5t8--!re is 9 ! e>lie/ glass a feel+ = ! mat]ial & a s5se ( treatm5t seldom f\nd 9 ! "w ( m accompli%$ glass pa9t]s4 ,if !re is n actually m to be le>nt f x ?an f lat] & m consummate workman%ip1 !re is at lea/ no dang] ( its tea*+ a false gospel1 z t may d4 ,f ! grosse/ & mo/ ar*aic figures1 unga9ly 9 =m & fanta/ic 9 feature1 /iff 9 pose & extravagant 9 action1 out ( all proportion to _! place 9 ! w9d[1 !re are at lea/ two invaluable lessons to be le>nt--! value ( broad pat*es ( unexpect$ col\r1 int]rupt+ t monotony ( effect to :i* ! be/-consid]$ s*emes ( ornam5t incl9e1 & ! value ( simplicity1 directness1 & d[nright rigidity ( design4 ,sev]ity ( design is ess5tial to l>g5ess ( /yle2 x br+s ! glass into keep+ ) ! gr&eur ( a noble *ur*1 into tune ) ! solemn *ords ( ! organ4 ,mod]n w9d[s may sometimes a/\nd u by _! aggressive clev]ness1 ! old soo! & satisfy at ! same "t t !y humble ! dev\t admir]4 ,! confus$ effect ( ,e>ly glass 7except :5 ! figures are on a v l>ge scale7 is commonly describ$ z kaleidoscopic4 ,t is n a v clev] description1 & x is r a mislead+ "o4 ,=1 except 9 ! case ( ! rose or :eel w9d[s1 common 9 ,france1 ,e>ly glass is n design$ on ! radiat+ l9es :i* ! kaleidoscope inevitably gives4 ,x is en\gh = ! casual obs]v] t ! effect is made up ( brok5 bits ( bright col\r2 & if !y happ5 to occupy a circul> space ! lik5ess is complete to him4 ,b to "k ! l9es on :i* an ,e>ly ,go?ic w9d[ 0 built1 is to see1 ?r\gh all confusion ( effect1 ! evid5ce ( design1 & to res5t ! implication ( ?\ghtless me*anism impli$ 9 ! ^w kaleidoscopic4 ,nev]!less1 little z ! m$ival glazi]s meant x--!y 7 lavi% ( ! ?\ght !y put into _! art--_! glass does (t5 delight u1 some?+ z ! toy amuses *ildr51 because ! fir/ impression x produces ^u u is a s5se ( col\r1 9 :i* !re is no too def9ite =m to break ! *>m4 ,!re comes a po9t 9 our satisfaction 9 m]e beauty 7to "s x comes soon] ?an to o!rs--too soon1 p]haps7 at :i* we feel ! want ( a mean+ 9 x--mu/ f9d "o1 or our pleasure 9 x is spoilt2 we ev5 g s f> z to put a mean+ into x if x is n !re2 b at fir/ x is ! my/]i\s :i* mo/ attracts ! imag9ation4 ,& ev5 aft]w>ds1 :5 ! my/]y is solv$1 we are n sorry to =get its mean+ = a :ile1 to be free to put our own int]pretation ^u beauty1 or to let x sway u )\t ask+ :y1 j z we are mov$ by music :i* c>ries u we "k n :]e1 we c>e n4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,pa9t$ ,,mosaic ,,glass4 ,! glass s f> vaguely spok5 ( z ,e>ly belongs to ! p]iod :5 ! glazi] design$ 8 leads )\t ?9k+ too mu* ab\t pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 #bg4 ,,*>tres4 ,!re foll[$ a p]iod :5 ! workman gave ab\t equal ?\ght to ! glaz+ & ! pa9t+ ( 8 w9d[4 ,!n came a "t :5 he ?\ght fir/ ( pa9t+1 & glaz+ 0 a second>y consid]ation ) him4 ,illu/ration3 #bh4 ,s4 ,,kunib]t1 ,,cologne4 ,accord+ z we contemplate glass pa9t+ f ! e>li] or ! lat] /&po9t1 f ! po9t ( view ( glass or ( pa9t+1 we are sure to pref] "o p]iod to ! o!r1 to glory p]haps 9 ! advance ( pa9t+1 or to regret ! less] "p t col\r$ glass ev5tually plays 9 ! mak+ ( a w9d[4 ,to claim = "o or ! o!r mann] t x is ! true & only way1 7 to betray ! prejudice ( ! p>tizan4 ,ea* ju/ifies itself by ! ma/]ly "w done 9 x1 ea* is admirable 9 its way4 ,x is n until ! pa9t] began1 z he ev5tually did1 to take no ?\ght ( ! glass he 0 us+1 & ! way x 0 go+ to be glaz$1 t he c be said ) c]ta9ty to h tak5 ! d[nw>d road 9 craftsman%ip4 ,we %all come to t soon en\gh2 mean:ile1 ?r\gh\t ! ,go?ic p]iod at lea/1 he kept true to a craftsmanlike ideal1 & nev] q =sook ! traditions ( e>li] workman%ip2 & until well into ! f\rte5? c5tury he began1 we may say1 ) glaz+4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury bord]s ov]leaf & 9 ! figure on page #dg1 no less ?an 9 ! e>li] examples on pages #dc & #df1 ! glaz+ l9es fulfil a v important "p 9 ! design1 emphasis+ ! outl9es ( ! =ms1 if !y d n ( !mselves =m an actual patt]n4 ,naturally1 once ! glazi] resort$ to ! use ( pa9t1 he s*em$ 8 leads ) a view to supplem5t>y pa9t+1 & _h always a %rewd idea z to ! details he meant to add2 b x w be cle> to any "o ) ! lea/ exp]i5ce 9 design t a man might map out ! leadwork ( su* bord]s z ^? %[n bel[ ) only ! vague/ idea z to h[ he 0 go+ to fill !m 9 ) pa9t1 & yet be sure ( fitt+ !m ) effective foliage4 ,s ! ar*itectural canopies on pages #acd1 #ace1 #aed1 7 pretty surely fir/ block$ out accord+ to _! lead l9es2 & n till ! design 0 ?us mapp$ out 9 col\r did ! design] beg9 to draw ! detail ( 8 p9nacles & crockets4 ,! inv>iable adh]5ce to a traditional type ( design made x ! easi] = him to keep 9 m9d ! detail to come4 ,= he _h n s mu* to imag9e z to rememb]4 ,he 0 free1 h[ev]1 always to foll[ any spontane\s impulse ( design4 ,illu/ration3 #bi4 ,s4 ,,ou51 ,,r\54 ,x 0 told 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 h[1 9 ! beg9n+1 pigm5t 0 us$ only to pa9t out ! light1 to emphasise draw+1 & to give detail--su* z ! features ( ! face1 ! curls ( ! hair1 & s on4 ,t 0 ! rul+ idea ( proc$ure4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 x is n v easy to pa9t p]fectly solid l9es on glass4 ,at ! end ( a /roke always1 & :5ev] ! bru% is n *>g$ full ( col\r1 ! l9es ins5sibly get ?91 n p]fectly opaque1 t is to say2 & s1 9 spite ( himself1 ! pa9t] w\ld cont9ually be obta9+ some?+ l transluc5cy--a t9t1 9 fact1 & n a solid br[n4 ,n to h tak5 advantage ( ?is half t9t1 w\ld h be5 to prove himself some?+ less ?an a good workman1 less ?an a reasonable "o2 & he did f ! fir/ help out 8 draw+ by a sme> ( pa9t1 m or less 9 ! nature ( %ad+4 ,9 fle% pa9t+ ( ! twelf? c5tury 7or attribut$ to t e>ly date7 !re are indications ( su* %ad+1 us$1 h[ev]1 ) great mod]ation1 & only to supplem5t ! /rong l9es ( solid br[n 9 :i* ! face 0 ma9ly drawn4 ,! features 7 fir/ v det]m9$ly drawn 9 l9e 7trac$ is ! te*nical t]m71 & !n1 by way ( %ade1 a slight scum ( pa9t 0 add$4 ,/ill1 9 ?irte5? c5tury "w1 !re is frequ5tly no evid5ce ( su* %ad+2 ! pa9t] has be5 q cont5t ) ! trac$ l9e4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury a loos] k9d ( h&l+ is obs]v$4 ,! pa9t] w\ld trace a head 9 n q solid l9es ( br[n1 & !n /r5g!n !m "h & !re ) p]fectly opaque col\r1 produc+ by t means a mu* s(t] quality ( l9e4 ,9 any case1 ! pa9t+ until well into ! c5tury 0 at ! be/ rude1 & ! half t9t1 su* z x 01 us$1 "o may say1 to be sme>$ on4 ,"h aga9 practice foll[$ ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance4 ,x 0 difficult ) ! appliances !n 9 use to pa9t a gradat$ t9t :i* w\ld give ! effect ( modell+2 & accord+ly v little ( ! k9d 0 attempt$4 ,ev5tually1 h[ev]1 ! pa9t] began to /ipple 8 sme> ( %ad[1 at once s(t5+ x & lett+ light into x4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury ?is /ippl+ process 0 c>ri$ a /ep fur!r4 ,x occurr$ to ! workman to coat 8 glass all ov] 7or all ( x except :at 0 meant to rema9 q cle>7 ) ?9 br[n1 & !n1 ) a big dry bru%1 dab x until x assum$ a granul> or /ippl$ surface 7d>k] or light]1 accord+ to ! am\nt ( /ippl+74 ,?is 0 n only m transluc5t ?an ! sme>$ col\r b m easily graduat$1 & capable ( be+ s manipulat$1 & s s(t5$ at ! edges1 z readily to give a v fair am\nt ( modell+4 ,?is %ad+ 0 (t5 supplem5t$ by d>k l9es or hat*+s put 9 ) a bru%1 z well z by l9es scrap$ out ( ! t9t to light5 x4 ,b 9 any case !re 0 = a :ile no?+ l heavy %ad+4 ,ev5 9 "w belong+ to ! fifte5? c5tury1 & especially 9 ,engli% glass1 z at ,york1 ,cir5ce/]1 ,ross1 c41 x is q a common ?+ to f9d t ! draw+ is ma9ly 9 l9e1 v delicately done1 help$ out by ! m]e/ h9t ( %ad+ 9 t9t4 ,?is glass is sometimes a little flat 9 effect1 & x is n equal 9 =ce to contempor>y =eign "w2 b x is peculi>ly ref9$ 9 execution1 & x has qualities ( glass-l sp>kle & transluc5cy :i* m ?an make am5ds = any lack ( solidity 9 pa9t+4 ,solidity is j ! "o ?+ we c be/ disp5se ) 9 glass4 ,illu/ration3 #cj4 ,,salisbury4 ,a comp>ison ( ! two bord]s on pages #ch & #age1 bo? ,g]man "w1 w %[ h[ little diff]5ce ( pr9ciple !re 0 betwe5 ! ?irte5? c5tury craftsman & 8 imm$iate successor4 ,! diff]5ce 9 /yle betwe5 ! two is /rik+ly m>k$--! "o is q ,romanesque 9 "*1 ! detail ( ! o!r is comp>atively naturali/ic2 b :5 y come to look at ! way !y are execut$1 ! way ! glaz+ is mapp$ out1 ! way ! leads emphasise ! outl9es1 :il/ pa9t is only us$ to make out details :i* lead c\ld n give--y w see t ! new man has alt]$ 8 m9d m ) reg>d to :at he wants to d 9 glass ?an z to h[ he wants to d x4 ,v mu* might be said ) reg>d to ! two figures on ?is page & ! opposite4 ,! ,fr5* design] has dep>t$ f ! ar*aic composition ( ! e>li] ,engli%man1 & put m life & action into 8 figure1 b !re is v little diff]5ce 9 ! te*nique ( ! two m51 less ?an appe>s 9 ! illu/rations2 =1 z x happ5s1 "o draw+ aims at giv+ ! l9es ( ! glass1 ! o!r at %[+ its effect4 ,! f\rte5? c5tury figure on page #ea relies m ?an ^! la/ ^u pa9t+4 ,! folds ( ! sa9t's tunic1 = example1 are n m]ely trac$ 9 outl9e1 b !re is "s effect ( modell+ 9 !m4 ,x w be in/ructive also to comp>e ! f\rte5? c5tury hop patt]n on page #agc ) ! f\rte5? c5tury v9e on page #cfd1 & ! fifte5? c5tury example on page #cde4 ,9 ! fir/ ! me?od ( proce$+ is almo/ z /rictly mosaic z ?\gh x _h be5 a scroll ( ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,leaves1 /alks1 & fruits are glaz$ 9 light col\r ^u d>k1 & b\nd$ by ! con/ructional l9es ( lead4 ,9 ! second1 ?\gh ! ma9 =ms are /ill outl9$ by ! leads1 mu* great] use is made ( pa9t3 ! topmo/ leaf is 9 "o piece ( glass ) ! /alk ( ! tree1 & all ! leaves are reliev$ by means ( %ad+4 ,9 ! ?ird ! arti/ has practically drawn 8 v9e scroll1 & !n ?\ght h[ be/ he c\ld glaze x2 & ! leads come v mu* z !y may4 ,?is la/-m5tion$ proce$+ is typical ( a p]iod n yet "u discussion1 b ! second illu/rates v fairly ! supplem5t>y use ( pa9t made 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #ca4 ,s4 ,,urba91 ,,troyes4 ,a r unusual b sugge/ive =m ( f\rte5? c5tury glaz+ is %[n on page #agf4 ,x 0 ! almo/ inv>iable practice at ?is p]iod1 z 9 ! prec$+ c5turies1 to di/+ui% ! patt]n1 :e!r ( scroll or bord]1 by reliev+ x aga9/ a backgr\nd ( contra/+ col\r1 usually light aga9/ d>k2 b "h ! bord] is v>icol\r$1 )\t o!r gr\nd ?an ! opaque pigm5t us$ = pa9t+ out ! =ms ( ! leaves1 etc41 & fill+ 9 betwe5 !m4 ,! me?od l5ds itself only to design 9 :i* ! =ms are s closely pack$ z to leave n too mu* gr\nd to be fill$ 94 ,a fair am\nt ( solid pa9t ab\t ! leaves & /alks does no h>m4 ,a good deal 0 us$ 9 ,e>ly "w1 & x results 9 happi] effects ?an :5 m9ute bits ( backgr\nd are labori\sly lead$ 94 ,! ma9 po9t is--& x is "o ! e>ly glazi]s v c>efully obs]v$--t ! glass ?r\gh :i* ! light is all[$ to come %\ld n be made dirty ) pa9t4 ,x 0 m5tion$ be=e 7page #ce7 h[1 f ! fir/1 a backgr\nd w\ld be pa9t$ solid & a diap] pick$ out ( x4 ,fur!r examples ( t are %[n ov]leaf & on pages #hh & #ajc1 ?\gh1 z w be se51 a consid]able portion ( ! glass is by ?is means obscur$1 ! effect is /ill brilliant2 & 9 proportion z light] & bright] t9ts ( glass came into use1 x became m & m necess>y2 9 fact1 x nev] di$ out4 ,! diap] opposite belongs to ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! m9ut] ( ! ?ree diap]s above1 z well z ^? on pages #hh & #ajc1 belong to ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #cb4 ,,diap]s ,,scrat*$ ,,out4 ,n[ t ! read] may be presum$ to h a p]fectly cle> idea ( ! process ( ! e>ly glazi]1 & to realise ! di/9ctly mosaic "* ( old glass1 x is "t m5tion %\ld be made ( two important int]m$iate me?ods ( glass /a9+ :i* pres5tly began to affect ! "* ( /a9$ glass w9d[s4 ,allusion has be5 made 7page #b7 to ! ,roman practice ( mak+ glass 9 /rata ( two col\rs1 :i* !y c>v$ cameo-fa%ion 9 imitation ( onyx & ! l2 at lea/1 "o t\r de =ce ( ?is k9d is famili> to e "o 9 ! fam\s ,portl& vase1 9 :i* ! out] lay] ( :ite glass is 9 great "p gr\nd away1 leav+ ! design 9 cameo ^u d>k blue4 ,! m$ival glass-bl[] seems f ! fir/ to h be5 acqua9t$ ) ?is me?od ( coat+ a %eet ( glass ) glass ( a diff]5t col\r4 ,z ! ,roman coat$ 8 dull blue ) opaque :ite glass1 s he coat$ transluc5t :ite ) ri* pot-metal col\r4 ,x 0 n a v difficult op]ation4 ,he _h only to dip 8 lump ( molt5 :ite into a pot ( col\r$ glass1 &1 accord+ to ! quantity ( col\r$ mat]ial adh]+ to x1 s 8 bubble ( glass 7& consequ5tly ! %eet into :i* x 0 op5$ out7 0 spread ) a ?9n] or ?ick] sk9 ( col\r4 ,! ,go?ic craftsman took advantage ( ?is facility1 9 s f> z he _h any occasion = its use4 ,! occasion arose ow+ to ! d5sity ( ! r$ glass he employ$1 :i* 0 su* t1 if he _h made x ( ! ?ickness ( ! re/ ( 8 glass1 x w\ld h be5 practically opaque4 ,to h made x v mu* ?9n] w\ld h be5 to make x m fragile2 & 9 any case1 x 0 easi] to make a good job ( ! glaz+ :5 ! glass 0 all pretty mu* ( a ?ickness4 ,a lay] ( r$ ^u :ite (f]$ a simple & practical way out ( ! difficulty4 ,:at is call$ ruby glass1 !re=e1 is n r$ all ?r\gh1 b only ?r\gh\t "o half or a ?ird ( its ?ickness4 ,! col\r is only1 s to speak1 ! jam ^u ! bread2 b ! r$ & ! :ite glass are amalgamat$ at su* a temp]ature z to be all b indivisible1 to all int5ts & purposes z ?or\ghly "o z ord9>y pot-metal glass4 ,illu/ration3 #cc4 ,,diap] ,,scrat*$ ,,out4 ,= a long :ile glass pa9t]s us$ ?is ruby glass & a blue glass made 9 ! same way precisely z ?\gh x _h be5 self-col\r$4 ,b 9 %ap+ a piece ( ruby glass1 especially ) _! inadequate appliances1 !y w\ld be b\nd sometimes to *ip (f at ! edges little flakes ( r$1 reveal+ z _m little flaws ( :ite4 ,?is w\ld be sure to sugge/1 soon] or lat]1 ! delib]ate gr9d+ away ( ! ruby /ratum 9 places :]e a spot ( :ite 0 ne$$ small] ?an c\ld conv5i5tly be lead$ 94 ,z to ! precise date at :i* "s +5i\s arti/ may fir/ h us$ ?is device1 x may be left to ar*ology to speculate4 ,x mu/ h be5 a v labori\s process2 & ! e>ly m$ival ideal ( design 0 n "o t (f]$ any great temptation to resort to x dur+ ! ?irte5? or ev5 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 n1 9 fact1 until ! pa9t+ ( w9d[s 0 c>ri$ to a po9t at :i* !re 0 "s difficulty 9 s s*em+ ! l9es ( ! lead t !y %\ld n 9 any way m> its delicacy1 t ! practice ( fla%+ glass1 z x is t]m$1 became common4 ,t is :y no m5tion ( x has be5 made till n[4 ,x w be se5 t x is a p]fectly practical & workmanlike process1 r5d]+ possible effects n o!rwise to be got 9 glass1 b l5d+ itself r to m9ut5ess ( execution & elaboration ( detail ?an to spl5d\r ( col\r or bread? ( effect4 ,illu/ration3 #cd4 ,,que5 ,,( ,,%eba1 ,,fair=d4 ,! second int]m$iate me?od ( /a9+ glass began e>li] to affect ! design & execution ( w9d[s2 & ! "* ( f\rte5? c5tury glass is di/9ctly modifi$ by x2 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 :il/ fla%+ appli$ to r$ & blue glass1 ?is applies to yell[4 ,x 0 discov]$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury t :ite glass pa9t$ ) a solution ( silv] w\ld take 9 ! kiln a pure transp>5t /a9 ( yell[1 v>y+1 accord+ to its /r5g? & ! heat ( ! furnace1 f pale/ lemon to deepe/ orange4 ,obs]ve t ?is yell[ /a9 is nei!r an enamel nor a pot-metal col\r1 b lit]ally a /a91 ! only /a9 us$ ^u glass4 ,9 pot-metal ! /a9 7if x may be s call$7 is 9 ! glass1 ?is is ^u x4 ,b x is absolutely indelible2 x c only be remov$ ) ! surface ( ! glass itself2 "t has no m effect ^u x ?an if ! glass 7 coat$ ) yell[ pot-metal4 ,?is silv] /a9 0 n only ( a s+ul>ly pure & delicate col\r1 comp>$ to :i* pot-metal yell[s 7 hot & h>%1 b x _h all ! v>iety ( a wa% ( wat]-col\r1 %ad+ (f by imp]ceptible degrees f d>k to light1 & t s easily t ! difficulty w\ld h be5 9 gett+ a p]fectly flat t9t4 ,illu/ration3 #ce4 ,s4 ,,gregory1 ,,all ,,s\ls' ,,college1 ,,ox=d4 ,moreov]1 x c\ld be z readily trac$ 9 l9es or little t\*es ( col\r z x c\ld be float$ on 9 broad surfaces4 ,by its aid x 0 z easy to r5d] ! :ite pe>ls on a bi%op's gold5 mitre z to give ! gold5 hair ( a :ite-fac$ angel1 or to relieve a :ite figure aga9/ a yell[ gr\nd--& all )\t ! use ( int]v5+ lead4 ,illu/ration3 #cf4 ,,diap] ,,9 ,,:ite ,,& ,,/a91 ,,all ,,sa9ts' ,,*ur*1 ,,york4 ,x is n surpris+ t su* a discov]y _h a v important effect ^u ! developm5t ( ! glass pa9t]'s practice4 ,by means ( x 7 produc$ extraord9>ily beautiful effects1 z ( gold & silv]1 peculi>ly *>act]i/ic ( lat] ,go?ic "w4 ,! crockets & f9ials ( :ite canopies w\ld be t\*$ ) x z ) gold1 ! hair ( angels & ! cr[ns ( k+s2 or ! nimbus itself w\ld be /a9$1 ! head n[ be+ habitually pa9t$ on "o piece ( :ite glass ) ! nimbus4 ,! cr[n & ! pe>l-edg$ head-b& ( ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 f ,fair=d1 7page #ej71 are /a9$ ^u ! :ite glass out ( :i* ! head is cut4 ,9 ! figure ( ,s4 ,gregory on page #ea ! triple cr[n is /a9$ yell[1 & s is ! nimbus ( ! bull1 ^: w+s also are %ad$ 9 /a9 v>y+ f light to d>k4 ,( ! elaborate diap]+ ( :ite drap]y1 ) patt]ns 9 ri* /a91 m & m resort$ to z ! fifte5? c5tury advanc$1 a specim5 is "h giv51 9 :i* ! design is figur$ 9 :ite ^u a yell[ gr\nd1 outl9$ ) a delicately trac$ l9e ( br[n4 ,/a9 0 seldom us$ on :ite )\t su* outl9e4 ,9 ! end :ite & /a9 pr$om9at$4 ,e>ly glass 0 lik5$ to jewell]y2 n[ ! jewels seem to be set 9 gold & silv]4 ,!re 0 a loss 9 dignity & gr&eur1 b !re 0 a ga9 9 gaiety & brightness4 ,h[ f> /a9 enc\rag$ ! m abundant use ( :ite glass :i* prevail$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury x might be ra% to say2 at any rate1 x fitt$ 9 to p]fection ) ! t5d5cy ( ! times1 :i* 0 ev] m & m 9 ! direction ( light1 until ! lat] ,go?ic w9d[s became1 9 _m in/ances1 n s mu* col\r$ w9d[s z w9d[s ( :ite & /a9 enclos+ panels or pictures 9 col\r4 ,ev5 9 ^! pictures v (t5 n m ?an ab\t "o-?ird ( ! glass 0 9 ri* col\r4 ,& n only 0 m :ite glass us$1 b ! :ite itself 0 pur] & m silv]y1 light]1 & at ! same "t ?9n]1 giv+ occasion & excuse = t m delicate pa9t+ :i* p]haps 0 "o great reason = ! *ange 9 its quality4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! m transp>5t "* ( ! mat]ial necessitat$ m pa9t+ ?an 0 desirable 9 ! case ( ! horni] texture ( ! old] make4 ,h5ce ! preval5ce ( diap] already ref]r$ to4 ,by ! latt] half ( ! fifte5? c5tury pa9t+ plays a v important "p 9 /a9$ glass w9d[s4 ,we h arriv$ at a p]iod :5 x is no long] subsidi>y to mosaic2 /ill x has n yet begun to take prec$5ce ( x4 ,! arti/ is n[ a pa9t]1 & he relies = mu* ( 8 effect ^u pa9t+2 b he is a glazi]1 too1 & c>eful to make ! mo/ ( :at glass c d4 ,he designs inv>iably ) a view to ! glaz+ ( 8 design1 & ) full k ( :at t means4 ,he kn[s p]fectly well :at c be done 9 glass1 & :at _c4 ,he has n yet c>ri$ pa9t+ to ! p]fection to :i* x came ev5tually to be c>ri$1 b nei!r has he begun to rely ^u x = :at c be/ be done 9 mosaic4 ,he c sc>cely be said to pref] "o m$ium to ano!r2 he uses bo? to equally workmanlike purpose4 ,he does n1 l ! e>ly glazi]1 design 9 lead any long]1 b nei!r does he leave ! consid]ation ( lead+ till aft] he has design$ 8 picture1 z pa9t]s came subsequ5tly to d4 ,x am\nts1 x might be ?\ght1 to mu* ! same ?+ :e!r ! arti/ beg9s ) 8 lead l9es & works up to 8 pa9t+1 z at fir/ he did1 or beg9s ) 8 pa9t+ & works up to ! leads1 z became ! practice1--s long z 9 ei!r case he has always 9 m9d ! aft]-process1 & works ) a view to x4 ,b ! tru? seems to be t few m5 h ev] a ?+ q s cle>ly 9 _! m9ds z :5 !y h x 9 concrete =m be=e _! eyes4 ,! glazi] may reckon ^u ! pa9t to come1 b he does n rely ^u x q s mu* z ! pa9t] :o />ts ) ! idea ( pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 #cg4 ,,nativity1 ,,great ,,malv]n4 ,! lat] ,go?ic arti/s gradually got into ! way ( ?9k+ m & m ( ! pa9t+ ^u _! glass4 ,9 ! end1 !y ?\ght ( x fir/1 & !re result$ f _! do+ s q a diff]5t k9d ( design1 ap>t f *ange due to modifications ( ar*itectural /yle2 b s long z ! ,go?ic tradition la/$--& x surviv$ until well into ! sixte5? c5tury1 9 "w ev5 :i* be>s ! br& ( typical ,r5aissance ornam5t--s long ! glaz+ ( a w9d[ 0 9 no degree an aft]-?\ght1 some?+ n arrang$ =1 :i* _h to be done z be/ x might4 ,x is app>5t always to ! eye at all tra9$ 9 glass design t ! composition ev5 ( ! mo/ pictorial subjects 0 v mu* modifi$1 :]e x 0 n actually sugge/$1 by consid]ations ( glaz+4 ,z m & m :ite glass came to be us$1 x 0 m & m a tax ^u ! +5uity ( ! design] s to compose 8 figures t 8 :ite %\ld be conv5i5tly brok5 up1 & ! pat*es ( col\r he want$ %\ld be held 9 place by leads :i* 9 no way int]f]$ ) 8 :ite glass2 = x is cle> t1 9 proportion z ! :ite 0 delicately pa9t$1 !re w\ld be brutality 9 cross+ x haphaz>d by /rong l9es ( lead n =m+ "p ( ! design2 & to ! la/ "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s 9 m$ival design is to obs]ve ! =esight ) :i* ! glass-work] plans 8 col\r = ! conv5i5ce ( glaz+4 ,!re is v skilful eng9e]+ 9 ! subject f ,ross on page #cci4 ,x is n by accid5t t ! h&s ( ! hood$ figure re/ ^u ! %\ld]s ( ,s4 ,edw>d1 or t1 toge!r ) 8 gold-brocad$ surcoat & its erm9e trimm+1 8 h&s1 & ! gilt-edg$ book he holds 9 !m1 !y fall into a %ape s easy to cut 9 "o piece4 ,sc>cely less artful is ! arrangem5t ( ! head ( ! bi%op ) 8 crosi] & ! coll> ( 8 robe all 9 "o4 ,! glass pa9t] has only to glance at su* subjects z ! ,nativity f ,great ,malv]n 7page #ed71 or ! ,day ( ,creation f ! same ri* abbey *ur* 7page #beb71 or at ! figure ( ,s4 ,gregory f ,all ,s\ls'1 ,ox=d 7page #ea71 to see h[ ! col\r is plann$ f ! beg9n+1 & plann$ ) a view to ! disposition ( ! lead l9es4 ,9 ! ,nativity1 :i* is reproduc$ f a fai?ful trac+ ( ! glass1 & is 9 ! nature ( a diagram1 ! actual map ( ! glaz+ is v cle>1 9 spite ( its disfigurem5t by leads :i* m]ely repres5t m5d+1 & =m no "p ( ! design4 ,!re1 too1 may cle>ly be se5 h[ ! yell[ radiance f ! ,infant ,savi\r is on ! same piece ( :iti% glass on :i* ! figure is pa9t$4 ,9 ! ,creation & ,s4 ,gregory1 :i* are tak5 f c>eful wat]-draw+s1 ! effect ( ! glass is giv51 & x is p]ceiv$ h[ little ! leads obtrude !mselves ^u ! obs]vation 9 ! actual w9d[s4,a ,footnote ,a3 ,^!1 toge!r ) illu/rations #ce1 #dd1 #ed1 #adb1 #aef1 #agd1 #aia1 #bjg1 #bcd1 are f ! admirable collection ( /udies f old glass v k9dly plac$ at my disposal by ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,clayton1 himself a ma/] ( design 9 glass4 ,! ,prea*+ ( ,s4 ,b]n>d f ,s4 ,m>y's1 ,%rewsbury1 opposite1 is aga9 disfigur$ by accid5tal leads1 :]e ! glass has be5 repair$2 b x w s]ve to %[ h[1 ev5 :5 lead l9es are z mu* z possible avoid$1 !y are always all[$ =1 & ev5 skilfully s*em$4 ,_m ( ! heads1 x w be notic$1 are pa9t$ ^u ! same pieces ( :ite :i* does duty also = ar*itectural backgr\nd2 or :ite drap]ies are glaz$ 9 "o piece ) ! :ite-&-yell[ floor+2 yet ! lead l9es1 z orig9ally design$1 seem to fall q naturally into ! outl9es ( ! figures4 ,illu/ration3 #ch4 ,s4 ,,b]n>d ,,prea*+1 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,%rewsbury4 ,a v *>act]i/ic piece ( glaz+ occurs 9 ! =egr\nd figure1 =m+ a note ( /rong col\r 9 ! c5tre ( ! composition4 ,! way ! man's face is includ$ 9 ! same piece ( glass ) ! yell[ gro9+ ( ! ar*1 :ile 8 col\r$ cap connects x ) 8 body1 bespeaks a design] mo/ exp]t 9 glaz+1 & int5t ^u x always4 ,! dang] 9 connection ) a device ( ?is k9d1 v common 9 "w ( ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury--z1 = example1 9 ! v f9e ,flemi% glass at ,li*field--is t1 be+ m]ely pa9t$ ^u a :ite backgr\nd1 & insuffici5tly support$ by leads1 ! head may seem n to belong to ! /rongly def9$1 ri*ly drap$ figure4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 v mu* a "q ( mak+ ! outl9e /rong en\gh to keep ! leads 9 c\nt5ance4 ,! arti/ ( ! ,%rewsbury glass adopts ano!r exp$i5t at once to support ! lead l9es1 to connect 8 :ite & col\r1 & to get ! emphasis ( d>k t\*es j :]e he feels ! want ( !m4 ,he makes occasional use ( solid black by way ( local col\r1 z may be se5 9 ! hood ( ! abbess & ! %oes ( ! m5 to ! "r4 ,illu/ration3 #ci4 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,%rewsbury4 ,9 ano!r subject f ,%rewsbury 7"h giv571 9 ! bodice ( ! h>pi/1 & ! head ge> ( ! figures on page #ajd1 effective use is made ( ^! po9ts ( black4 ,s long z !y rema9 m]e po9ts1 ! end ju/ifies ! means1 & !re is no?+ to be said aga9/ _! introduction2 !y are entirely to ! good2 b su* use ( solid pigm5t is valuable ma9ly 9 subjects ( q small size1 su* z ^! are4 ,x w\ld be obvi\sly objectionable if any consid]able area ( :ite glass 7 ?us obscur$4 ,! glass ref]r$ to at ,%rewsbury1 ,malv]n1 & ,ox=d is ( lat] date ?an mu* "w 9 :i* pa9t+ 0 c>ri$ fur!r2 b !re is "h no "q ( /yle or p]iod2 t is res]v$ = future consid]ation 7,book ,,ii474 ,! fact x is "h desir$ to emphasise is1 t !re 0 a "t :5 glazi] & pa9t] took some?+ l equal "p 9 a w9d[1 or1 to speak m precisely1 !re 7 = a :ile w9d[s 9 :i* ! two took su* equal "p t ea* seem$ to rely ^u ! o!r2 :51 if ! arti/ 0 a pa9t] he 0 a glazi] too4 ,v likely !y 7 two m54 ,if s1 !y mu/ h work$ toge!r on equal t]ms1 & )\t rivalry1 nei!r attempt+ to pu% 8 clev]ness to ! front1 ea* reg>dful ( ! o!r1 bo? work+ to "o end--:i* 0 n a mosaic1 nor a pa9t+1 nor a picture1 b a w9d[4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,glass ,,pa9t+ 7,,m$i,,val74 ,! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury br+s u to ! po9t at :i* pa9t+ & glaz+ are mo/ ev5ly mat*$1 &1 9 s f>1 to ! p]fection ( /a9$-&-pa9t$ glass1 b n yet to ! p]fection ( glass pa9t+4 ,t 0 res]v$ = ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 art 0 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,glass pa9t+ foll[$ always ! curr5t ( m mod]n ?\ght1 & drift$ picturew>ds4 ,ev5 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury x 0 se5 t !re 0 a fa%ion ( naturalism 9 design1 9 ! fifte5? !re 0 an ev]-increas+ endeav\r to realise natural =m1 & n natural =m alone2 =1 9 ord] to make ! figure /& out 9 its ni*e1 x became necess>y to %[ ! vault 9 p]spective4 ,x 0 obvi\sly easi] to get some?+ l pictorial relief by means ( pa9t+ ?an 9 mosaic1 :i* accord+ly fell by degrees into subord9ation1 & ! reign ( ! glass pa9t] began4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury !re 0 /ill room = improvem5t 9 pa9t+1 & t to ! realisation ( ! !n pictorial ideal /rong] pa9t+ 0 actually necess>y4 ,p]haps ! ideal 0 to blame2 b ev5 9 ,go?ic glass1 /ill sev]ely ar*itecturesque 9 design1 m pa9t+ became1 z be=e said1 necess>y1 z great] use 0 made ( :ite1 & t pa9t+ /rong]1 9 proportion z ! mat]ial us$ became ?9n] & cle>]4 ,b ?\gh ! aim ( ! glass pa9t] 0 pictorial1 ! pictorial ideal 0 n s easily to be atta9$ 9 glass2 & s1 ?\gh ! pa9t] reign$ supreme1 8 dom9ion 0 n absolute4 ,! glazi] 0 9 ! backgr\nd1 x is true1 b he 0 always !re1 & 8 influ5ce is v /rongly felt4 ,! pictures ( ! glass pa9t] are1 consequ5tly1 /ill pictures 9 glass1 = ! pa9t] 0 /ill dep5d5t ^u pot-metal = ! great] "p ( 8 col\r2 & he knew x1 & 0 wise en\gh to accept ! situation1 &1 if he did n actually pa9t 8 own glass1 to design only :at c\ld1 at all ev5ts1 be translat$ into glass4 ,he n only cont9u$ to use pot-metal = 8 col\r1 b he made e possible use ( x to 8 end1 f9d+ 9 x res\rces :i* 8 pr$ecessors _h n develop$4 ,8 range ( col\rs 0 ext5d$ almo/ indef9itely1 & he us$ 8 glass ) m discretion4 ,he took e advantage ( ! accid5tal v>iety 9 ! glass itself4 ,no %eet ( pot-metal 0 equal 9 t9t f end to end2 x deep5$ t[>ds ! selv$ge1 & 0 (t5 mu* d>k] at "o end ?an ! o!r4 ,x rang$ p]haps f ruby to pale p9k1 f sea-gre5 to smoky-black4 ,?is gradation ( t9t wisely us$ 0 ( great s]vice 9 giv+ some?+ l %ad[ )\t ! aid ( pa9t1 & x 0 us$ ) great effect--9 ! dragons1 = example1 :i* ! m$ival arti/ delight$ to depict--z a means ( r5d]+ ! light] tones ( ! creature's belly4 ,suppos+ ! bea/ 7 r$1 ! glass pa9t] w\ld p]haps assi/ ! natural inequality ( ! glass by abrad+ ! ruby1 by :i* means he c\ld almo/ model ! =m 9 r$4 ,if x 7 a blue dragon he might adopt ! same plan2 or1 if x 7 gre51 by /a9+ 8 blue glass at ! same "t yell[1 he c\ld get e v>iety ( %ade f yell[ to blue-gre54 ,e casual v>iety ( col\r w\ld be employ$ to equal purpose4 ,ev5 ! glass-bl[]'s flukes came 9 mo/ usefully1 n m]ely1 z be=e1 to break ! col\r ( a backgr\nd accid5tally1 b z local col\r4 ,%eets ( glass1 = example1 :i* came out1 in/ead ( blue or ruby1 ( "s indescribable t9t1 /reak$ & fleck$ ) bright] & d>k] col\r1 until !y 7 l no?+ s mu* z m>ble1 7 introduc$ ) magnific5t effect into ! pill>s ( ! ar*itecture :i* n[ =m$ s prom95t a feature 9 w9d[ design4 ,! beauty & fitness ( ?is m>ble col\r is ev5tually su* z to sugge/ t ! glass-bl[] mu/ 9 ! end delib]ately h fir$ at ?is k9d ( fluke4 ,beautiful z 7 ! effects ( :ite & /a9 produc$ 9 ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 x 0 put n[ to full] & m gorge\s use4 ,drap]ies 7 diap]$ 9 ! mo/ elaborate fa%ion2 a bi%op's cope w\ld be z ri* z ! gold brocade x imitat$2 patt]ns 7 design$ 9 two or ev5 ?ree %ades ( /a91 :i*1 9 comb9ation ) :ite & judici\s t\*es ( opaque-br[n1 7 really magnific5t4 ,occasionally1 z at ,montmor5cy--b ?is is r>]--! pa9t] did n m]ely introduce 8 v>i$ /a9 9 two or ?ree sep>ate %ades1 nor yet float x on s z to get accid5tal v>iety1 b he actually pa9t$ 9 x1 modell+ 8 arm\r 9 x1 until x _h v mu* ! effect ( emboss$ gold4 ,9 "s ornam5tal arabesque1 :i* does duty = canopy "w at ,con*es1 9 ,norm&y1 ?is pa9t+ 9 /a9 is c>ri$ /ill fur!r1 ! high lights be+ scrap$ out s z to give glitt]+ po9ts ( :ite among ! yell[4 ,! result ( ?is is n always v successful2 b :]e x is skilfully & delicately done no?+ c\ld be m brilliantly gold5 9 effect4 ,x is curi\s t ?is silv] came to be us$ 9 glass j z goldleaf 0 us$ 9 o!r decorative pa9t+2 9 fact1 its appe>ance is m accurately describ$ z gold5 ?an z yell[1 j z ! :ite glass ( ! sixte5? c5tury has a quality :i* inevitably sugge/s silv]4 ,x 0 /at$ j n[ t blue glass c\ld be /a9$ gre54 ,x is n e k9d ( glass :i* takes k9dly to ! yell[ /a94 ,a glass ) mu* soda 9 its composition1 = example1 seems to resi/ ! action ( ! silv]2 b su* resi/ance is entirely a "q ( its *emical +r$i5ts1 & has only to d ) its col\r 9 s f> z t may dep5d ^u !m4 ,ap>t f glass ( su* antipa!tic con/itution1 x is q z easy to /a9 ^u col\r$ glass z ^u :ite2 &1 if ! col\r$ glass be n too d>k 9 col\r to be affect$ by x1 precisely ! same effect is produc$ z by a glaze or wa% ( yell[ 9 oil or wat]-col\r4 ,?us we get blue drap]ies diap]$ ) gre51 blue-gre5 diap]$ ) yell[-gre51 & purple ) olive1 9 addition to q a new developm5t ( l&scape treatm5t4 ,a subject 0 no long] repres5t$ on a backgr\nd ( ruby or d5se blue1 b aga9/ a pale grey-blue glass1 :i* /ood = sky1 & ^u x 0 (t5 a delicately pa9t$ l&scape1 ! trees & di/ant hills /a9$ to gre54 ,/a9 0 no less useful 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,by ! use ( blue glass /a9$1 in/ead ( pot-metal gre51 x 0 easy to spr9kle ! gre5 grass ) blue fl[]s1 all )\t lead4 ,x 0 by ! comb9ation ( /a9 ) abrasion t ! mo/ elaborately v>i$ effects 7 produc$4 ,! pa9t] c\ld n[ n only /a9 8 blue glass gre5 7& j s mu* ( x z he want$ gre571 b he c\ld abrade ! blue1 s z to get bo? yell[1 :]e ! glass 0 /a9$1 & :ite :]e x 0 n4 ,?us on ! same piece ( glass he c\ld depict among ! grass :ite daisies & yell[ butt]cups & bluebells blue z nature1 he c\ld give ev5 ! yell[ eye ( ! daisy & its gre5 calyx2 &1 by judici\s modification ( 8 /a91 he c\ld make ! leaves ( ! fl[]s a diff]5t %ade ( gre5 f ! grass ab\t !m4 ,! draw+ ( ! fl[]s & leaves & blades ( grass1 x ne$ h>dly be said1 he w\ld get 9 ! usual way1 trac+ ! outl9e ) br[n1 slightly %ad+ ) half t9t1 & pa9t+ out only j en\gh ( ! gr\nd to give value to 8 detail4 ,9 spite ( ! t$i\sness ( ! process1 abrasion 0 n[ l>gely us$--n only = ! purpose ( gett+ "h & !re a spot ( :ite1 z 9 ! eyes ( "s fi]y devil 9 ! repres5tation ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 b ext5sively 9 ! =m ( diap] "w1 (t5e/ 9 ! =ms ( dots & spots 7! spott$ petticoat ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y 9 "o ( ! w9d[s at ,arezzo seems happily *os5 to %[ t %e is a woman ( ! p71 b also v frequ5tly 9 ! =m ( scroll or arabesque1 /a9$ to look l a gold tissue1 or ev5 to repres5t a g>m5t /iff ) embroid]y & pe>ls4 ,(t5 ! patt]n is 9 gold-&-:ite ^u ruby or deep gold5-br[n1 or 9 :ite-&-gold & gre5 ^u blue1 & s on4 ,9 h]aldry x is no uncommon ?+ to see ! gr\nd abrad$ & ! *>ge left 9 ruby ^u :ite4 ,sometimes a small head w\ld be pa9t$ ^u ruby glass1 all ( ! col\r be+ abrad$ except j "o jewel 9 a man's cap4 ,/a9 & abrasion1 by means ( :i* ei!r ( ! ?ree prim>ies c be got ^u :ite1 af=d1 x w be se51 a workmanlike way ( avoid+ leadwork4 ,b !re are o!r ways4 ,!re is a w9d[ at ,montmor5cy 9 :i* ! /igmata 9 ! h&s & foot ( ,s4 ,francis are repres5t$ by spots ( ruby glass inlaid or let into ! :ite fle%1 ) only a r+ ( lead to hold !m 9 place4 ,x w\ld nev] h occurr$ to a f\rte5? c5tury glazi] to d t4 ,he w\ld h felt b\nd to connect t r+ ( lead ) ! ne>e/ glaz+ l9es1 at :atev] risk ( m>r+ 8 fle% pa9t+2 b !n1 8 pa9t+ w\ld n h be5 s delicate1 & w\ld n 9 any case h suff]$ s mu*4 ,inde$1 ! m delicate pa9t+ implies a c]ta9 avoidance ( lead l9es cross+ x1 & h5ce "s v difficult feats ( glaz+4 ,?is k9d ( inlay+ 0 nev] v l>gely us$1 b on occasion n only a spot b ev5 a r+ ( glass r\nd x w\ld be let 9 9 ?is way4 ,!re is a w9d[ at ,b\rges 9 :i* ! glories ( ! sa9ts are inlaid ) jewels ( r$1 blue1 gre51 & violet1 :i* h m ! effect ( jewell]y ?an if !y _h be5 glaz$ 9 ! usual way4 ,:e!r x 0 wor? ! pa9s is ano!r "q4 ,a m usual1 & less excusable1 way ( gett+ jewels ( col\r ^u :ite glass 0 actually to anneal !m to x4 ,by abrad+ ! gr\nd x 0 possible to repres5t rubies or sapphires1 surr\nd$ by pe>ls1 9 a sett+ ( gold1 b n bo? rubies & sapphires4 ,9 ord] to get ?is comb9ation !y w\ld cut out little jewels ( r$ & blue1 fix !m tempor>ily 9 _! place1 & fire ! glass until ^! small] 7& ?9n]7 pieces melt$ on to & almo/ into x2 ! fusion1 h[ev]1 0 seldom complete4 ,at ?is date "s ( ! jewels--z1 = example1 at ,s4 ,mi*ael's1 ,spurri] ,gate1 ,york--are usually miss+--b = :i* accid5t "o w\ld h be5 puzzl$ to "k = c]ta9 h[ ?is effect 0 produc$4 ,! insecurity ( ?is process ( anneal+ is inevitable4 ,glass is 9 a p]petual /ate ( contraction & expansion1 accord+ to ! v>iation ( our *angeable climate4 ,! :ite glass & ! col\r$ _c be reli$ ^u to contract & exp& 9 equal degree2 !y are seldom1 9 fact1 truly m>ri$4 ,! w$d+ r+ ( lead 0 saf]4 ,soon] or lat] incompatibility ( temp] ass]ts itself1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t !y fidget !mselves asund]4 ,all ^! contrivances to get rid ( leads are evid5ce t ! pa9t] is com+ m & m to ! front 9 glass1 & t ! glazi] is retir+ m & m into ! backgr\nd4 ,! avoidance ( glaz+ foll[s1 z 0 said1 ^u ultra-delicacy ( pa9t+1 & dep5d5ce ^u pa9t foll[s f ! do+ away ) leads4 ,we h ?us n two new sy/ems ( "w1 b two manife/ations ( "o idea--pictorial glass4 ,! pictorial ideal inspir$ "s ( ! f9e/ glass pa9t+--! w9d[s ( ,william ( ,m>seilles1 at ,arezzo1 to m5tion only "o in/ance among _m4 ,) ! e>ly ,r5aissance glass we arrive at ma/]ly draw+1 p]fection ( pa9t+1 & pictorial design1 :i* is yet n incompatible ) glass4 ,"o may pref] to x1 p]sonally1 a m d[nright k9d ( "w2 b to d5y su* "w its place1 & a v high place1 9 art is to write oneself d[n a bigot at ! lea/1 if n an ass4 ,x is n until ! pa9t] took to dep5d+ ^u pa9t = /r5g? z well z delicacy ( effect1 tru/+ to x = ! relief ( 8 design1 t x is q safe to say he 0 on ! wrong tack4 ,t[>ds ! sixte5? c5tury mu* m pron\nc$ effects ( modell+ are aim$ at1 & rea*$1 by ! pa9t]4 ,ev5 9 di/9ctly ,go?ic "w ! fle% is /rongly pa9t$1 b n heavily4 ,9 fle% pa9t+1 at all ev5ts1 ! necessity ( keep+ ! tone ( ! glass comp>atively light 0 a safegu>d1 z yet1 aga9/ ov]pa9t+4 ,! actual me?od ( workman%ip became less & less l ord9>y oil or wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,x develop$ into a process ( rubb+ out r ?an ( lay+ on pigm5t4 ,x 0 told h[ ! glass pa9t] 9 place ( sme> %ad[ began to use a /ippl$ t9t4 ,! lat] glass pa9t]s made mo/ *>act]i/ic use ( matt1 z x 0 call$4 ,hav+ trac$ ! outl9es ( a face1 & fix$ x 9 ! fire1 !y w\ld cov] ! glass ) a uni=m matt t9t2 &1 :5 x 0 dry1 ) a /iff hoghair bru% scrub out ! lights4 ,! high lights !y w\ld entirely wipe out1 ! half t9ts !y w\ld bru% p>tly away1 & s get _! modell+1 always by a process ( elim9at+ %ad[4 ,! consci5ti\s pa9t] :o meant to make sure 8 delicate t9ts w\ld /& w\ld submit ?is to a r fi]ce fire1 out ( :i* w\ld come1 p]haps1 only ! gho/ ( ! face4 ,?is he w\ld /r5g!n by ano!r matt bru%$ out 9 ! same way z be=e1 & fire x aga94 ,possibly x w\ld require a ?ird pa9t+ & a ?ird fire2 t w\ld dep5d ^u ! comb9$ /r5g? & delicacy at :i* he 0 aim+1 & ^u ! me?od ( ! man4 ,=1 ?\gh "o may indicate ! te*nique 9 vogue at a giv5 "t1 no "o w suppose t pa9t]s at any "t work$ all 9 ! same way4 ,"s m5 no d\bt c\ld get m out ( a s+le pa9t+ ?an o!rs out ( two2 "s 7 d>+ 9 _! me?od1 "s timid2 "s made m use ?an o!rs ( ! /ick = scrap+ out l9es ( light2 "s dep5d$ m ^u crisp t\*es ) ! sable trac]1 necess>y1 9 any case1 = ! m delicate p5cill+ ( ! features2 "s w\ld v5ture ^u ! tickli% op]ation ( pass+ a ?9 wa% ( col\r ov] matt or /ippl+ be=e x 0 fir$1 at ! risk ( undo+ all !y _h done--& s on1 ea* man accord+ to 8 skill & accord+ to 8 temp]am5t4 ,b ) :atev] aid ( scrat*+ out lights1 or t\*+ 9 d>ks1 or float+ on t9ts1 ! practice 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ma9ly1 by a process ( scrubb+ lights out ( matt$ or wa%$ t9ts ( br[n1 to get v consid]able modell+1 especially 9 fle% pa9t+ & 9 :ite drap]ies4 ,x is impossible 9 illu/rations ( ! size "h giv5 to exemplify 9 any adequate mann] ! te*nique ( ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance glass pa9t]s1 b x is cle> t ! man :o pa9t$ ! small subject f ! life ( ,s4 ,bonnet1 9 ! *ur* d$icat$ to t sa9t at ,b\rges1 7page #baj7 0 a pa9t] ( m>k$ p[]4 ,a /ill f9] example ( pa9t+ is to be f\nd 9 ! head ( ,william de ,montmor5cy 7opposite7 f ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>t9 at ,montmor5cy ne> ,p>is1 really a ma/]piece ( portraiture1 full ( "*1 & /rik+ly di/+ui%$ 9 treatm5t4 ,!re is at ! ,l\vre a pa9t+ ( ! same head :i* might well be ! orig9al ( ! glass4 ,if ! glass pa9t] pa9t$ ! picture he 0 wor?y to rank ) ! be/ pa9t]s ( 8 day4 ,if ! glass pa9t] only copi$ x1 he 0 n f> %ort ( t1 = 8 skill is q rem>kable2 & ! simple means by :i* he has r5d]$ su* details z ! *a9 arm\r & ! coll>1 & ! ,ord] ( ,s4 ,mi*ael1 supplem5t+ ! mo/ delicate pa9t+ ) t\*es ( opaque col\r1 :i* 9 less skilful h&s w\ld h be5 brutal1 %[ ! ma/] arti/ 9 glass pa9t+4 ,"h1 t[>ds ! end ( ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 we h glass pa9t+ c>ri$ ab\t z f> z x c g1 & yet n /ray+ beyond ! limits ( :at c be/ be done 9 glass4 ,! apologi/s = ! ,r5aissance w\ld attribute all su* "w z ?is to ! new revival4 ,t w\ld be z f> wide ( ! m>k z to claim = x t x 0 ,go?ic4 ,! tru? is1 !re is no m>k$ divid+ l9e betwe5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance4 ,x is only by ! "* ( "s p]haps q slight monum5tal or ar*itectural detail t we c safely classify a w9d[ ( ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury z belong+ to "o or ! o!r /yle4 ,x belongs1 9 fact1 to nei!r4 ,x is "w ( ! transition p]iod betwe5 ! two4 ,go?ic traditions l+]$ 9 ! glass pa9t]'s %op almo/ z long z good "w cont9u$ to be done !re2 s mu* s1 t we may almo/ say t ) ^? ,go?ic traditions di$ ! art itself4 ,= all t1 x is n to be disput$ t ! mo/ brilliant a*ievem5ts 9 glass pa9t+ 7 c]ta9ly 9 ! new /yle & inspir$ by ! new en?usiasm = art4 ,illu/ration3 #dj4 ,,guillaume ,,de ,,montmor5cy1 ,,montmor5cy4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,glass ,,pa9t+ 7,,r5aissance74 ,! quality p> excell5ce ( ,r5aissance glass 0 its pa9t+2 its dep5d5ce ^u pa9t 0 its defect4 ,until ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! pa9t] goes on p]fect+ himself 9 8 special direction1 neglect+1 to "s ext5t1 consid]ations ( con/ruction on ! "o h&1 & ( col\r ^u ! o!r1 :i* _c ) impunity be ignor$ 9 glass1 b a*iev+ pictorially su* conspicu\s success t !re may be "q1 among all b ard5t admir]s ( glass t is ess5tially glass-l1 z to :e!r ! loss1 alike 9 dep? & 9 transluc5cy ( col\r1 z well z ( con/ructional fitness1 may n be fully comp5sat$ = by ! ga9 9 fulness ( pictorial expression4 ,accord+ z we value mo/ ! qualities ( glass 9 glass1 or ! qualities ( a picture 9 no matt] :at mat]ial1 w our v]dict be4 ,b !re comes a po9t :5 ! pa9t] s f> ov]/eps ! limit ( consi/5cy1 s cle>ly attempts to d 9 glass :at _c be done 9 x1 s pla9ly sacrifices to qualities :i* he _c get ! qualities :i* /a9$ glass (f]s him1 t he ceases to be any long] work+ 9 glass1 & is only attempt+ ^u glass :at _h v mu* bett] h be5 done 9 "s o!r & m cong5ial m$ium4 ,! ev5t goes to prove ! s$uctiv5ess ( ! pictorial idea1 & illu/rates once m ! dang] ( call+ to y\r assi/ance a rival craft1 :i*1 by-&-by1 may ou/ y f y\r own work%op4 ,! consid]ation ( ! possibilities 9 ! way ( pictorial glass is res]v$ = a *apt] by itself4 ,x conc]ns u = ! mom5t only 9 s f> z ! pictorial int5tion affect$1 z x v s]i\sly did1 ! te*nique ( glass pa9t+4 ,9 pursuit ( ! pictorial ! pa9t] /ray$ f 8 allegiance to glass4 ,he le>nt to dep5d ^u 8 manipulation in/ead ( ^u 8 mat]ial2 & t facility ( 8 9 pa9t+ l$ him a/ray4 ,he n only began to use pa9t :]e be=e he w\ld1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 h glaz$-9 col\r$ glass1 b to lay x on s heavily z s]i\sly to detract f t transluc5cy :i* is ! glory ( glass4 ,x is ra% to say1 at a glance1 :e!r glass has be5 too heavily pa9t$ or n4 ,i once made a c>eful note1 9 writ+1 t c]ta9 w9d[s 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,alp91 at ,*lons1 7 ov]-pa9t$4 ,aft] a lapse ( two or ?ree ye>s ,i made ano!r equally c>eful note to ! effect t !y 7 ?91 & want$ /rong] pa9t+4 ,x 0 n until1 det]m9$ to solve ! my/]y ( ^! contradictory memor&a1 ,i w5t a ?ird "t to ,*lons1 t ,i discov]$1 t ) ! light %9+ full ^u !m ! w9d[s 7 ?91 t by a dull light !y 7 heavy1 & t by a c]ta9 j suffici5tly subdu$ light !y 7 all t c\ld be desir$4 ,!re is indiscretion1 at lea/1 9 pa9t+ 9 su* a key t only "o p>ticul> light does ju/ice to y\r "w2 b ! arti/ 9 glass is always v mu* at ! m]cy ( *ance 9 ?is respect4 ,he _c *oose ! light 9 :i* 8 "w %all be se51 & ! pa9t] ( ,*lons may h be5 m un=tunate ?an 9 any way to blame4 ,!re comes1 h[ev]1 a degree ( heav9ess 9 pa9t$ glass ab\t :i* !re c be no discussion4 ,:5 ! pa9t is laid on s ?ick t "u ord9>y conditions ( light ! glass is obscure1 or :5 x is s heavy t ! light necess>y to illum9ate x is m ?an is good = ! re/ ( ! w9d[1 ! b\nds ( mod]ation h surely be5 pass$4 ,& 9 ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury x 0 less & less ! cu/om to take he$ ( consid]ations o!r ?an pictorial2 s t by degrees ! transluc5cy ( glass 0 sacrific$ habitually to /r5g? ( effect dep5d+ n s mu* ^u col\r1 :i* is ! /r5g? ( glass1 z ^u ! relief obta9$ by %ad[--j ! "o quality n to be obta9$ 9 glass pa9t+4 ,= ! quality ( %ad[ dep5ds ^u its transp>5cy2 & %ad[ pa9t$ ^u glass1 ?r\gh :i* ! light is to come1 mu/ ne$s be obscure1 mu/ lack1 9 proportion z x is d>k1 ! my/]i\s quality ( light 9 d>kness1 :i* is ! *>m ( %ad[4 ,! misuse ( %ad+ :i* ev5tually prevail$ may be/ be expla9$ by ref]5ce to its beg9n+s1 already 9 ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury1 :5 mo/ consummate "w 0 yet be+ done4 ,= example1 9 ! ma/]pieces ( ,b]n>d van ,orley1 at ,s4 ,gudule1 ,brussels--"o ( :i* is illu/rat$ ov]leaf2 x is a m]e diagram1 giv+ no idea ( ! spl5d\r ( ! glass1 b x is en\gh to s]ve our purpose4 ,! execution ( ! w9d[ is1 9 its k9d1 equal to ! bread? & dignity ( ! design4 ,! pa9t] has done1 if n q all t he propos$ to d1 all t 0 possible 9 pa9t ^u glass4 ,any fault to f9d 9 him1 !n1 mu/ be ) :at he meant to d1 n :at he did4 ,to speak ju/ly1 !re is no fault to f9d ) any "o1 b only ) ! condition ( ?+s4 ,we h "h1 associat$ ) ! glass pa9t]1 a m fam\s arti/1 ! greate/ ( 8 "t 9 ,fl&]s1 pupil ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 c\rt pa9t]1 & o!rwise di/+ui%$4 ,x 0 n to be expect$ t he %\ld be le>n$ 9 all ! wisdom ( ! glass pa9t]1 nor yet1 human nature be+ :at x is1 t he %\ld submit himself1 l[ly & rev]5tly1 to ! man bett] acqua9t$ ) ! capacities ( glass4 ,all t ! glass pa9t] c\ld d 0 to translate ! design ( ! ma/] into glass z be/ he might1 n p]haps z be/ he c\ld h done _h !re be5 no great ma/] to consult 9 ! matt]4 ,?is 0 n ! fir/ "t1 by any means1 t ! design] & pa9t] ( a w9d[ 7 two m54 ,!re is no say+ h[ soon t mu* subdivision ( lab\r ent]$ ! glass work]'s %op2 b s long z !y 7 bo? practical m51 v]s$ ea* 9 8 art1 &1 to "s ext5t1 ea* 9 ! te*nique ( ! o!r1 x did n s mu* matt]4 ,:5 ! pa9t] f outside 0 call$ 9 to design1 x matt]$ ev]y?+4 ,:at c\ld he be expect$ to c>e = te*nique o!r ?an 8 own8 ,:at did he "k ab\t x8 ,he 0 only an amateur s f> z glass 0 conc]n$2 & 8 influ5ce made aga9/ workmanlik5ess4 ,he may h done m>vels2 he did m>vels2 b 8 v ma/]y made ?+s worse4 ,he bore himself s sup]bly t x 0 n se5 :at dang]\s gr\nd he trod on4 ,less] m5 mu/ ne$s all /umble along 9 8 foot/eps1 until !y fell2 & 9 _! fall !y dragg$ _! art ) !m4 ,illu/ration3 #da4 ,,mosaic ,,glass1 ,,arezzo4 ,! fault inh]5t 9 su* "w z ! ,brussels w9d[s is nei!r ,van ,orley's nor ! glass pa9t]'s2 x is 9 ! mi/ak5 aim ( ! design] /riv+ less = col\r 9 8 w9d[s ?an = relief4 ,he succe$s 9 gett+ q extraord9>y relief1 b at ! exp5se ( col\r1 :i* 9 glass is ! mo/ important ?+4 ,! figures 9 ! w9d[ illu/rat$ are s /rongly pa9t$ t ev5 ! :ite portions ( _! drap]y /& out 9 d>k relief aga9/ ! pale grey sky4 ,t is n done1 y may be sure1 )\t consid]able sacrifice ( ! light-giv+ quality ( ! glass4 ,x is at a simil> co/ t ! :ite-&-gold ar*itecture /&s out 9 almo/ ! solidity ( actual /one aga9/ ! pla9 :ite diamond panes above1 giv+ v mu* ! false impression t x is plac$ 9 ! w9d[1 & t y see ?r\gh its ar*es & beh9d x into space4 ,ano!r v /rik+ ?+ 9 ! composition is ! tell+ mass ( %ad[ on ! s(fit ( ! c5tral ar*4 ,x produces its effect1 & a v /rong "o4 ,! fe/oons ( yell[ arabesque hang+ 9 front ( x tell out aga9/ x l beat5 gold1 & ! r poori% grey-blue backgr\nd to ! figures b5ea? x has by comp>ison an almo/ atmosph]ic quality4 ,x is all v skilfully plann$ z light & d>k2 b !re is absolutely no reason :y t %ad[ %\ld h be5 produc$ by heavy pa9t4 ,"u c]ta9 conditions ( light !re are1 x is true1 gleams ( light amid/ ?is %ad[4 ,y c make out t ! ro( is c(f]$1 & c p]ceive j a gl[ ( w>m col\r2 b mo/ days & mo/ ( ! day x is dead1 dull1 lifeless1 col\rless4 ,! po9ts to note are3 7#a7 t ?is pa9t$ %ad[ mu/ ( necessity be dull2 & 7#b7 t on "w ( ?is scale at all ev5ts 7! figures "h are v mu* ov] lifesize71 ?is ab&onm5t ( ! mosaic me?od 0 n 9 ! slighte/ degree call$ =4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! simpl]1 easi]1 & m workmanlike ?+ to d w\ld h be5 to glaze-9 ! %ad[ ) deep ri* pot-metal glass4 ,t 0 done 9 e>li] glass1 & 9 glass ( ab\t ! same p]iod z ?is4 ,illu/ration3 #db4 ,,r5aissance ,,w9d[1 ,s4 ,,gudule1 ,,brussels4 ,= example1 at ,lige1 :]e !re are beautiful w9d[s ( ab\t ! same p]iod1 v simil> 9 design1 ! glass is altoge!r light] & m brilliant1 p>tly ow+ to ! use ( pa9t ) a mu* light] h&1 b yet m to great] reliance ^u pot-metal4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,jacques1 z at ,s4 ,gudule1 !re are ar*$ canopies ) fe/oons 9 bright relief aga9/ a backgr\nd ( %ad[$ s(fit2 b !re ! %ad[ is obta9$ by glaz+-9 pot-metal1 :i* has all ! necess>y dep?1 & is yet lum9\s & full ( col\r4 ,s also ! deeply %ad[$ ar*itectural backgr\nd to ! repres5tation ( ! ,daught] ( ,h]odias danc+ be=e ,h]od1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,v9c5t1 at ,r\5 7ov]leaf71 is lead$ up 9 deep purple glass1 ?r\gh :i* y get peeps ( di/ant atmosph]ic blue beyond4 ,& ?is 0 q a common practice among ,fr5* glass pa9t]s ( ! e>ly half ( ! sixte5? c5tury--z at ,au*1 at ,ec\51 at ,beauvais1 at ,con*es1 :]e ! ar*itecture 9 %ad[ is lead$ 9 %ades ( purple or purpli% glass1 :i* leave little = ! pa9t] to d ^u ! pot-metal4 ,at ,freiburg1 9 ,g]many1 !re is a w9d[ design$ on l9es v simil> inde$ to ,van ,orley's "w1 9 :i* ! %ad[$ p>ts are glaz$ 9 %ades ( deep blue & purple4 ,9 ,italy x 0 ! cu/om1 already 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 to lead-9 deep %ad[s 9 pot-metal2 & !y did n readily dep>t f x4 ,surely t is ! way to get /rong effects1 & n by pa9t4 ,y may take x z a te/ ( workmanlike treatm5t1 t ! d>ks h be5 glaz$-91 :]e x 0 possible1 & n m]ely pa9t$ ^u ! glass4 ,!re is "s misconception ab\t :at is call$ ,r5aissance glass4 ,glass pa9t+ 0 n native to ,italy1 & 0 nev] ?or\ghly acclimatis$ !re1 any m ?an ,go?ic ar*itecture1 to :i* x 0--! h&maid ,i 0 go+ to say1 b bett] say ! /&>d-be>]4 ,mu* glass 0 accord+ly execut$ 9 ,italy 9 defiance1 n only ( all tradition1 b ( all consi/5cy & self-re/ra9t4 ,b ev5 9 ,italy y w f9d sixte5? c5tury glass z workmanlike z c be4 ,! details f ,arezzo & ,bologna1 above1 ov]leaf1 & on page #bff1 are pron\nc$ly ,r5aissance 9 type1 b ! me?od employ$ by ! glass pa9t] is z ?or\ghly mosaic z ?\gh he _h work$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,n less glazi]-l 9 treatm5t are ! ,fr5* ,r5aissance details f ,r\51 on pages #ge & #cdg1 f :i* x may be se5 t a workmanlike treatm5t ( glass 0 n conf9$ to ,go?ic glazi]s4 ,x 0 less a "q ( /yle1 9 ! hi/oric s5se1 ?an ( ! m5's acqua9tance ) ! traditions ( good "w1 & _! read9ess to accept ! situation4 ,illu/ration3 #dc4 ,,mosaic ,,glass1 ,,arezzo4 ,possibly ! ,ne!rl&i% love ( light & %ade--& especially ( %ade--may acc\nt = ! "* ( ! ,brussels glass4 ,aga9/ t x %\ld be said t1 else:]e 9 ,fl&]s1 spl5did glass 0 be+ done ab\t ! same "t1 less op5 to ! *>ge ( be+ too heavily pa9t$--at ,lige1 = example4 ,b ev]y:]e1 & p]haps m ?an any:]e 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 :i* became pres5tly a great c5tre ( glass pa9t+1 ! t5d5cy1 t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ! c5tury1 0 9 ! direction ( undue reliance ^u pa9t2 ( :i* came inevitably "o ( two ?+s--ei!r ! %ad$ p>ts 7 heavy1 dirty1 & opaque1 or !y 7 weak & wa%y 9 effect4 ,if1 by means ( pa9t+1 an arti/ c get 7z he c7 some?+ wor? gett+ n o!rwise to be got1 ?\gh we may diff] z to ! relative value ( :at he ga9s & :at he sacrifices1 x w\ld be h>d to d5y him 8 pref]5ce1 & 8 "r to foll[ x2 b if by pa9t+ on glass he attempts to get :at c\ld bett] be express$ by work+ 9 x1 !n cle>ly he has /ray$ 7z ,van ,orley did7 f ! /raight pa?1 z glass-work]s read ! map4 ,illu/ration3 #dd4 ,,salome1 ,s4 ,,v9c5t1 ,,r\54 ,x is r a curi\s ?+ t ! avoidance ( lead+1 ! dep5d5ce ^u glaz+ & pa9t1 %\ld manife/ itself especially 9 w9d[s design$ on su* a scale t x w\ld h be5 q easy to get all t 0 got 9 pa9t1 & m1 by ! introduction ( col\r$ glass2 9 w9d[s1 = example1 on ! scale ( ^? at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 ) figures mu* ov] lifesize1 :]e ! arti/1 y c see1 has be5 afraid ( lead+1 & has %irk$ x4 ,evid5tly he did n realise = h[ little ! leads w\ld c\nt 9 ! glass4 ,he does n 9 t case fall into ! error ( pa9t+ ) too heavy a h&1 b he tru/s too mu* to pa9t--a tru/ s little f\nd$ t ! pa9t has (t5times p]i%$1 mu* to ! disfigurem5t ( 8 picture4 ,illu/ration3 #de4 ,,r5aissance ,,mosaic ,,glass4 ,! ,fr5* glass pa9t]s ( ab\t ! same p]iod1 ?\gh work+ ^u a small] scale1 did n dep>t 9 ! same way f ! use ( glaz+2 & :]e !y did resort to pa9t+1 x 0 (t5 ) a view to a ref9em5t ( detail n o!rwise to be obta9$1 z 9 ! case ( ! delicate l&scape backgr\nds pa9t$ ^u pale blue1 :i* h a beauty all _! own4 ,!re is "h no int5tion :atev] ( disp>ag+ su* "w z t at ,s4 ,gudule4 ,any "o capable ( appreciat+ :at is /ronge/ & mo/ delicate 9 glass mu/ h _h su* ke5 delight 9 !m t !re is some?+ almo/ l +ratitude 9 say+ any?+ ( !m b :at is 9 _! praise4 ,b ! tru? rema9s4 ,"h is a bran*+ (f f old use2 "h ! pa9t] beg9s to w&] f ! pa?1 & to lead aft] him g5]ations ( glass pa9t]s to come4 ,x takes1 p]haps1 g5ius to lead m5 hopelessly a/ray6 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,enamel ,,pa9t+4 ,! excessive use ( opaque pa9t 0 n s mu* a new dep>ture z ! exagg]ation ( a t5d5cy :i* _h gr[n ) ! gr[? ( glass pa9t+ itself4 ,! really new ?+ 9 glass pa9t+ ab\t ?is "t 0 ! introduction ( enamel4 ,:5 glass pa9t]s 7 resort+1 n only to opaque pa9t+1 b to abrasion1 anneal+1 or :atev] w\ld relieve !m f ! difficulty ( gett+ 9 mosaic glass ! pictorial effect :i* 0 m & m _! rul+ ?\ght1 :5 glaz+ _h become to !m a difficulty 7to ! e>ly glass-work]s x 0 a res\rce71 x 0 inevitable t !y %\ld ?9k ab\t pa9t+ on glass 9 col\r4 ,accord+ly t[>ds ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury !y began to use enamel4 ,?is 0 ! decisive turn+-po9t ( ! art4 ,9 !ory ! process ( pa9t+ 9 enamel is simple en\gh4 ,y h only to gr9d col\r$ glass to impalpable du/1 mix x ) fat oil1 or gum-&-wat]1 & pa9t ) x ^u :ite or t9t$ glass2 9 ! furnace ! m$ium w be fir$ away1 & ! p>ticles ( col\r$ glass w melt & adh]e1 m or less firmly1 to ! heat$ %eet ( glass to :i* !y h be5 appli$4 ,?is !ory glass pa9t]s began to put into practice4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !y us$ enamel only t5tatively1 fir/ ( all 9 ! fle% t9ts4 ,x _h be5 ! cu/om s9ce ! f\rte5? c5tury to pa9t fle% always ^u :ite or :iti% glass 9 ! ord9>y br[n pigm5t2 & some?+ ( ! simple dignity & monum5tal "* ( old glass is due1 no d\bt1 to t & simil> remov$ness f nature4 ,gradually ! fa%ion 0 introduc$ ( pa9t+ ! fle% 9 r$ in/ead ( br[n4 ,9 "o s5se ?is 0 no su* v new ?+ to d4 ,! ord9>y br[n pigm5t spok5 ( all along is itself enamel1 al?\gh x has be5 ?\ght bett] n to speak ( x by t "n = fe> ( confusion4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ?is 0 ! use ( a pigm5t to get n m]ely fle% pa9t+ b fle% t9t--t is to say1 col\r--x 0 a /ep 9 q a new direction4 ,pictorially x (f]$ consid]able advantages to ! pa9t]4 ,he c\ld n only get1 )\t lead1 contra/ ( col\r betwe5 a head & ! :ite gr\nd ^u :i* x 0 pa9t$1 or ! :ite drap]y ab\t x1 b he c\ld v readily give ! effect ( :ite hair or be>d 9 contra/ to ruddy fle%1 & s on4 ,!re is a fragm5t at ! ,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs at ,p>is1 attribut$ to ,jean ,c\s91 #aeca1 9 :i* a turban$ head appe>s to h be5 cut out ( a piece ( purpli%-blue glass1 ! fle% abrad$1 & !n pa9t$ 9 r$1 ! lips /ill r$d]1 :il/ ! be>d is pa9t$ on ! blue1 :i* %ades (f into ! *eeks 9 ! mo/ reali/ic mann]4 ,v clev] ?+s 7 done 9 ?is way1 always 9 ! reali/ic direction2 b d[n to ! middle ( ! c5tury1 & ev5 lat]1 !re 7 always "s pa9t]s :o rema9$ fai?ful to ! traditional cool br[n col\r4 ,a r happy mean betwe5 w>m & cold fle% is f\nd at ,au* 7#aeac71 :]e w>mi% enamel ^u grey-blue or gre5i% glass gives modell+ & v>iety ( col\r 9 ! fle%1 :i* is yet nev] hot4 ,well-*os5 pieces ( glass are made use (1 9 :i* ! d>k] half comes 9 happily = ! be>d$ "p ( a man's face4 ,s1 also1 ! head ( ! ,virg9 at ! foot ( ! cross is pa9t$ ^u grey1 :i* tells z su* 9 h] coif1 %ad$ ) a cool] br[n1 b only deep5s & sadd5s h] face1 & int5sifies ! contra/ ) ! ,magdal54 ,occasionally "o ( ^! heads comes out too blue1 b at ! wor/ x is bett] ?an ! hot1 foxy fle% pa9t+ :i* became ! rule4 ,pa9t+ 9 col\r ^u glass c\ld naturally n /op at fle% r$4 ,x 0 us$ = pale blue skies1 at fir/ only to get a m delicate gradation f pale pot-metal col\r to :ite1 b ev5tually = ! sky ?r\gh\t ! picture4 ,9 connection ) yell[ /a9 x gave a gre5 = di/ant l&scape4 ,enamel 0 us$ 9 ornam5t to give ! col\r ( fruits & fl[]s 9 g>l&s & ! l1 & g5]ally = elaboration ( detail1 :i*1 if n trivial1 0 ( small acc\nt 9 s]i\s decoration4 ,= a :ile !re 7 glass pa9t]s :o rema9$ pro( aga9/ its s$uction4 ,x 0 n till ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury t glass pa9t]s g5]ally began s]i\sly to sub/itute enamel = pot-metal1 & to rely ^u pa9t1 transluc5t z well z opaque4 ,ev5 !n !y c\ld n d )\t pot-metal1 avoid x z !y might4 ,! really /rong m51 su* z ! ,crabe? ,bro!rs1 at ,g\da1 by no means ab&on$ ! old me?od1 b !y reli$ s mu* ^u pa9t z to greatly obscure ! glory ( _! glass4 ,! ,g\da w9d[s1 :i* br+ u to ! sev5te5? c5tury1 conta9 among !m ! mo/ d>+ ?+s 9 glass extant4 ,!y prove t a subject c be r5d]$ m pictorially ?an "o w\ld h conceiv$ to be possible 9 glass1 b !y %[ also :at _c be done 9 x2 9 fact1 !y may be said to indicate1 z ne>ly z c be1 ! limits ( ! practicable4 ,:at arti/s ( ?is calibre c\ld n d we may safely pron\nce to be beyond ! scope ( glass pa9t+1 ev5 ) ! aid ( enamel4 ,illu/ration3 #df4 ,,! ,,baptism1 ,,g\da4 ,no skill ( pa9t+ c\ld make o!rwise ?an dull ! masses ( heavily pa9t$ :ite glass employ$ to repres5t ! deep %ade ( ! rec$+ ar*itecture 9 ! upp] "p ( ! w9d[ on page #bdb2 s1 ! mass ( masonry :i* s]ves 9 ! l[] half ( ! w9d[ on ?is page z a backgr\nd to ! ,donor & 8 patron sa9t & "s %ields ( arms1 repres5t$ z x is by a ?ick scum ( br[n pa9t1 c\ld n b lack lu/re4 ,?9k ( ! ext5t ( all t un9t]e/+ pa9t2 :at a sacrifice x means ( col\r & transluc5cy6 ,enamel pa9t+ did n lead to mu*4 ,! col\rs obta9$ by t means _h nei!r ! purity nor ! ri*ness & volume ( pot-metal4 ,!y _h to be /r5g!n$ ) br[n1 :i* /ill fur!r dull$ !m2 &1 ! ta/e = light & %ade pr$om9at+ z x did 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! glass pa9t] 0 ev5tually lur$ to ! de/ruction ( all glass-l quality 9 8 glass4 ,!re are "s w9d[s 9 ! ca!dral at ,brussels1 9 ! *apel opposite t ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t1 :]e are ,van ,orley's w9d[s1 :i* be> witness to ! t]rible decl9e t _h tak5 place dur+ some?+ l a c5tury--n t !y are badly execut$ 9 _! way4 ,! texture ( silk1 = example1 is giv5 by ! glass pa9t] p]fectly2 b1 9 ! /ruggle = picturesque effects ( light & %ade1 all consi/5cy ( treatm5t is ab&on$4 ,! pa9t] is "h let loose2 & he c no m )/& ! attractions ( pa9t ?an a boy c resi/ ! temptation ( fre% fall5 sn[4 ,! "o mu/ ?r[ sn[balls at somebody1 ! o!r mu/ lay ab\t him ) pigm5t4 ,"h he lays ab\t him ) x recklessly4 ,he is reckless1 t is1 ( ! obscurity ( ! glass he cov]s ) x4 ,at mom5ts1 :5 ! sun %9es fi]cely ^u x1 y dimly see :at he 0 aim+ at2 n9e-t5?s ( ! "t all is blackness4 ,slabs ( :ite glass are coat$ lit]ally by ! y>d ) d5se br[n pigm5t ?r\gh :i* ! light r>ely %9es4 ,x _h become ! practice n[ to glaze a w9d[ ma9ly 9 rectangul> panes ( consid]able size4 ,:]e pot-metal col\r 0 us$ at all1 x _h ( necessity to be surr\nd$ ) a lead5 l9e2 b )9 ! area ( ! col\r$ mass ! lead+ 0 usually 9 ^! upright & horizontal l9es1 & n at all accord+ to ! folds ( ! drap]y or :at n4 ,if ! glazi] w5t out ( 8 way to take a lead l9e r\nd a face1 in/ead ( across x1 t 0 z mu* z he w\ld d2 if x 0 m]ely ! face ( a *]ub1 h[ev] delicately pa9t$1 he w\ld1 p]haps1 z at ,s4 ,jacques1 ,antw]p1 cut brutally across x2 & ev5 :]e /ructural lead l9es compell$ him to use sep>ate pieces ( mat]ial1 he by no means always took advantage ( ! opportunity ( gett+ col\r 9 8 glass1 b1 z at ,antw]p1 cont5t$ly accept$ 8 rectangul> panes ( :ite1 z some?+ to pa9t on--to ! exclusion ( no matt] h[ mu* light4 ,x simplifi$ matt]s1 no d\bt1 = ! pa9t] ?us to ?r[ away opportunities1 & j dep5d ^u 8 bru%2 b x result$ at ! be/ only 9 an imitation ( oil pa9t+1 lack+ ! qualities ( oil pa9t4 ,illu/ration3 #dg4 ,s4 ,,m>t9 ,s ,,vignes1 ,,troyes4 ,! ,fr5* glass pa9t]s 7 less reckless4 ,at ,troyes1 inde$1 !re is pl5ty ( sev5te5? c5tury glass 9 :i* a workman c /ill f9d consid]able int]e/4 ,t ( ,l9>d ,gonti]1 9 p>ticul>1 has des]v$ly a great reputation4 ,he 0 a pa9t] :o c\ld get ) a wa% ( col\r1 & seem+ly ) ease1 effects :i* mo/ glass pa9t]s c\ld only get at by /ippl+1 hat*+1 & pick+ out2 & he manag$ 8 enamel v clev]ly1 float+ x on ) great dext]ity4 ,b x is r>ely t he gets :at arti/s w\ld call col\r out ( x4 ,ev5 9 ! h&s ( a man ( 8 prodigi\s skill ! me?od proclaims its inh]5t weakness4 ,! "w is ?9n]1 dull]1 altoge!r poor]1 ?an ! e>li] glass ( mu* less consummate workm51 :o work$ ^u s\nd] & sev]] pr9ciples4 ,! /r5g? & ! weakness ( ! pa9t] are exemplifi$ 9 ! gr\p ( ,donors above4 ,! pa9t+ is admirable1 n only 9 ! heads1 b 9 ! texture ( ! m5's cloaks2 ^? cloaks1 h[ev]1 are pa9t$ 9 black pa9t4 ,:5 ! light is q fav\rable !y look l velvet2 !y nev] look l glass4 ,!re is "h ! excuse1 = :at x may be wor?1 ( texture & p]haps o!r pictorial qualities4 ,ev5 t is (t5 want+ 9 sev5te5? c5tury "w1 z :51 at ,s4 ,jacques1 ,antw]p1 ! backgr\nd to a design 9 :ite & /a9 is glaz$ 9 panes ( :ite glass solidly coat$ ) br[n pa9t4 ,?is is obscuration out ( pure wilfulness4 ,x 0 n only :5 ! arti/ s\ght to get /rong effects 9 enamel pa9t+ t ! me?od fell %ort ( success4 ,! delicacy t might be got by means ( x 0 neutralis$ by ! necessity ( "s sort ( glaz+1 & matt]s 7 n m5d$ by glaz+ ! w9d[s 9 panes4 ,x is impossible to take mu* satisfaction 9 ! mo/ delicately pa9t$ glass picture :5 x is s scor$ ov] ) co>se black l9es ( lead or iron t x is z if y 7 look+ at x ?r\gh a grill4 ,t is v mu* ! effect se5 9 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds' fam\s w9d[ 9 ! ante-*apel at ,new ,college1 ,ox=d 7two lights ( :i* are %[n opposite71 :]e ! ,virtues are se5 imprison$1 y may say1 )9 iron b>s4 ,!y look v mu* bett] !re ?an 9 ! glass1 :i*1 = all ! graceful draughtsman%ip ( ! arti/ & ! delicate workman%ip ( ! pa9t]1 is ineffective to ! la/ degree4 ,x has no m brilliancy or sp>kle ?an a huge engrav+ se5 aga9/ ! light2 squ>e feet ( :ite glass are muddi$ ov] ) pa9t4 ,x 0 n ,sir ,jo%ua's fault1 ( c\rse1 t ! traditions ( ! glazi]'s craft 7 9 8 day well-nigh ext9ct2 b ,sir ,horace ,walpole 0 q "r :5 he describ$ ^! vaunt$ ,virtues z wa%y4 ,to say t !y are inf9itely m pleas+ 9 ! arti/'s designs is ! /ronge/ condemnation ( ! glass4 ,illu/ration3 #dh4 ,,virtues1 ,,by ,,sir ,j4 ,,reynolds1 ,,new ,,coll41 ,,ox=d4 ,!re 0 "o use made ( enamel :i* promis$ to be ( real help to ! glazi]--t ( pa9t+ ! necess>y %ad[s on pot-metal 9 %ades ( ! same col\r z ! glass4 ,s9ce enamel ( "s k9d _h to be us$1 :y n employ a col\r m ak9 to ! glass itself ?an m]e br[n8 ,x w\ld seem z if by s do+ "o might get dep? ( col\r ) less dang] ( heav9ess ?an by ! use ( br[n2 b ! glass pa9t$ 9 t way 7by ! ,van ,l+51 = example1 a family ( ,flem+s e/abli%$ 9 ,engl&1 ^: "w may be se5 at ,wadham & ,balliol ,colleges1 ,ox=d7 0 by no means free f heav9ess4 ,enamel !n1 x w be se51 0 nev] really ( any great use 9 glass pa9t+1 & x l$ to ! degradation ( ! art to some?+ v mu* l ! pa9t+ ( transp>5cies1 z !y are call$1 on l95 bl9ds4 ,let u note categorically ! objections to x4 ,a glazi] objects to x1 t x is an evasion ( ! difficulty ( work+ 9 glass1 & n a frank solution ( x4 ,t may be s5tim5tal m or less4 ,a col\ri/ objects to x1 because x is impossible to get 9 x ! dep? & ri*ness ( /rong pot-metal1 or ! brilliancy ( ! m delicate %ades ( self-col\r$ mat]ial4 ,t1 x may be urg$1 rema9s to be prov$1 b ! enamel pa9t] practically und]took to prove ! contr>y1 & fail$4 ,admir]s ( consi/5cy object to x1 t x succe$s s ill 9 reconcil+ ! delicacy ( pa9t+ aim$ at ) ! brutality ( ! glaz+ employ$4 ,t1 aga91 is a "q ( arti/ic appreciation1 n s easily prov$ to ^? :o d n feel ! discord4 ,lov]s ( good "w1 ( "w t w /&1 object to x t x is n la/+4 ,?is is a po9t t c be easily prov$4 ,! process ( enamel pa9t+ has be5 expla9$ above 7page #gg74 ,! "o ?+ necess>y to ! safe p]=mance ( ! op]ation is t ! v>i\s glass pigm5ts %all be ( su* consi/5cy z to melt at a l[] temp]ature ?an ! glass on :i* !y are pa9t$4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 mu/ keep its %ape 9 ! kiln1 or all w\ld be spoilt4 ,! melt+ ( ! pigm5t is1 z a matt] ( fact1 made easi] by ! admixture ( "s sub/ance less unyield+ ?an glass itself--su* z borax--to make x fl[4 ,?is flux1 z x is call$1 makes ! glass ) :i* x is mix$ appreciably s(t] ?an ! glass to :i* x is app>5tly q safely fix$ by ! fire4 ,x is ?us m susceptible to ! action ( ! atmosph]e2 x does n contract & exp& equally ) t2 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 p]haps no v long "t1 x scales (f4 ,except+ 9 ,swiss "w 7to :i* ref]5ce is made 9 ,*apt] ,,ix47 ?is is s commonly s1 t y may usually detect ! use ( enamel by ! specks ( :ite among ! col\r1 :]e ! pigm5t has work$ itself free1 altoge!r to ! de/ruction ( pictorial illusion4 ,& x is n only ) transp>5t enamel t ?is happ5s1 b also ) ! br[n us$ by ! lat] pa9t]s = %ad+4 ,! br[n trac+ & pa9t+ col\r 0 orig9ally a h>d metallic col\r :i* requir$ int5se heat to make x fl[4 ,! glass _h to be made almo/ r$-hot1 at :i* great heat !re 0 always a possibility t ! pigm5t might be fir$ away altoge!r1 & ! pa9t]'s lab\r lo/4 ,9 ! case ( ! ?irte5? c5tury pa9t]'s "w ! dang] 0 n v s]i\s4 ,?anks to ! d[nright & sometimes ev5 brutal way 9 :i* he 0 accu/om$ to lay on ! pa9t1 solidly & )\t subtlety ( %ade1 8 "w 0 pretty well able to take c>e ( itself 9 ! kiln4 ,x 0 ! m delicate pa9t+ :i* 0 mo/ 9 dang] ( be+ burnt away2 & 9 proportion z m5 le>nt to c>ry _! pa9t+ fur!r1 & to get delicate modell+1 !y became increas+ly anxi\s to avoid all possibility ( any su* cata/rophe4 ,! easie/ way ( do+ ?is 0 7z 9 ! case ( transp>5t enamel7 to s(t5 ?is col\r ) flux4 ,t enabl$ !m to fire _! glass at a mu* l[] heat1 at :i* !re 0 no risk ( los+ ! pa9t+1 & !y 7 able s to make sure ( gett+ ! s(t gradations ( %ade !y want$2 & ! m ! pa9t] /rove to get pictorial effects ! m he 0 tempt$ to s(t5 8 pigm5t2 b1 accord+ z ! flux made ! col\r easi] to manage 9 ! fire1 x made x less to be dep5d$ ^u aft]w>ds2 & ! lat] ! "w1 & ! m pictorial its "*1 ! m surely ! pa9t+ proves at ?is date to h lo/ its hold ^u ! glass4 ,9 _m a sev5te5? c5tury w9d[ ! ,donors 7 depict$ 9 _! ,sunday suits ( black velvet & fur1 ! texture q wond]fully giv52 n[ _! g>m5ts are v mu* ! worse = we>1 m ?an ?readb>e4 ,! black or br[n is ri* no long]1 x is pitt$ ) specks ( raw :ite light2 sometimes ! col\r has peel$ (f en masse4 ,"t has dealt comp>atively k9dly ) ! g5tlem5 on page #ha1 b 9 ! glass !re is an air ( decay ab\t _! sable cloaks :i* takes consid]ably away f _! dignity4 ,x is "o *>act]i/ic ( enamell$ w9d[s t !y d n mell[ ) age1 l mosaic glass1 b only get %abby4 ,any "o altoge!r unacqua9t$ ) ! *>act]i/ics ( /yle is apt to be v mu* at fault z to ! date ( a w9d[4 ,! lat] w9d[s are 9 s mu* m dilapidat$ a condition ?an ! e>li] t !y are q commonly mi/ak5 = ! old]4 ,x has to be borne 9 m9d t mo/ ( ! devices adopt$ by ! glass pa9t]s--! use1 namely1 ( l>ge %eets ( fragile glass1 & ! avoidance ( /r5g!n+ leads1 no less ?an ! resort to s(t enamel1 :e!r = col\r or = %ad+--all g to make x m p]i%able4 ,x may be said t ! decay ( ! lat] pa9t+ is due n s mu* to ! use ( enamel z to ! employm5t ( s(t flux4 ,t is true4 ,b :5 x comes to ! pa9t+ ( texture & ! l1 ! temptation to use s(t col\r has g5]ally prov$ to be irresi/ible4 ,"o is =c$ to ! conclusion t ! aim ( ! lat] glass pa9t] 0 entirely wrong2 t = ! sake ( pictorial advantages--:i* w5t = v little 9 a s*eme ( effective *ur* decoration1 ev5 if !y did n always detract f ! bread? ( ! "w--he gave up ! qualities :i* g at once to make glass glori\s1 & to give x p]man5ce4 ,:atev] ! m]its ( sev5te5? c5tury glass pa9t+ !y are n ! m]its ( glass2 !re is little ab\t x t c\nts = glass1 little t is sugge/ive ( glass--except ! breakages x has suff]$4 ,:at is said ( sev5te5? c5tury glass applies also to t ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 only ) m =ce4 ,sir ,jo%ua & ,b5jam9 ,we/ 7 q helpless to raise ! art out ( ! sl\gh into :i* x _h fall51 = !y 7 !mselves ignorant ( its te*nique1 & did n "k :at c\ld be done 9 glass4 ,x 0 n until ! ,go?ic revival 9 our own c5tury1 & a return to mosaic pr9ciples1 t /a9$ glass awoke to new life4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,ne$le ,,po9t ,,9 ,,glass ,,pa9t+4 ,allusion has be5 made to ! glass pa9t]'s use ( ! po9t = scrap+ out lights1 & especially diap]s ^u glass coat$ ) pigm5t4 ,^! are (t5 q lace-l 9 _! delicacy4 ,t w\ld be a poor complim5t if x meant t ! glass pa9t] _h _h no m wit ?an to imitate ! effects produc$ 9 a mat]ial absolutely unlike glass4 ,b x is n m]ely = want ( a bett] ^w t ! t]m lace-l is us$4 ,x is /rictly appropriate1 & = a v good reason4 ,x 0 expla9$ h[ f ! fir/ ! glass pa9t] w\ld use ! /ick end ( 8 bru% to scrape out %>p lights 9 8 pa9t+1 or ev5 diap] patt]ns out ( a t9t4 ,! late/ glass pa9t]s made m & m use ( ! po9t1 & ( a f9] po9t ?an ! bru% end1 until1 9 ,swiss "w1 !y adopt$ ! p5 & ! ne$le itself4 ,x is n surpris+1 !n1 t po9t-"w %\ld resemble po9t-"w1 ?\gh ! "o be 9 ?read & ! o!r on glass4 ,! /range ?+ w\ld h be5 if x 7 n s4 ,?us x comes ab\t t mu* ( ! ,swiss diap] "w is mo/ aptly describ$ z lace-l 9 effect4 ,! field ( a small %ield is frequ5tly diap]$ ) a patt]n s f9e t x c\ld only h be5 produc$ ) a f9e po9t4 ,"s ( ! diap]s opposite may be id5tifi$ z portions ( h]aldic %ields4 ,on a %ield x may be tak5 to repres5t ! engrav+ ( ! metal surface ( ! ?+ itself2 &1 inde$1 "h aga9 is a significant resemblance betwe5 two te*nical processes4 ,to scrat* ) a ne$le or ) a grav] is mu* ! same ?+2 & ?us _m a ,swiss diap] sugge/s damasc5+1 & might j z well h be5 execut$ 9 bright l9es ( gold or silv] filigree1 beat5 into l9es grav5 9 /eel or iron1 z scrap$ out ( a t9t on glass4 ,illu/ration3 #di4 ,,examples ,,( ,,scrat*+ ,,out4 ,b ! use ( ! po9t 0 by no means res]v$ = ornam5tal detail4 ,x became ! ma9 res\rce ( ! pa9t]1 & s mu* s1 t ?is te*nique1 or ?is developm5t ( te*nique1 is ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ,swiss glass pa9t+--if t %\ld be call$ pa9t+ :i* has really m aff9ity ) et*+4 ,= ! lay+ on ( ! pa9t 9 ! =m ( solid col\r1 or ( matt$ t9t1 or ( skilfully float$ wa%1 is only ! gr\ndwork ( ! ,swiss glass pa9t]'s me?od4 ,x sc>cely ne$s to be expla9$ h[ admirably ! po9t adapt$ itself to ! repres5tation ( hair1 fur1 fea!rs1 & ! l4 ,! famili> be>s1 = example1 ! device ( ! city ( ,b]ne1 :i* occur v frequ5tly 9 ,swiss h]aldic "w1 are r5d]$ at ,luc]ne 9 ! mo/ m>vell\sly skilful mann]4 ,fir/ a juicy wa% ( col\r is float$ all ov] ! body ( ! bea/1 m or less transluc5t1 b judici\sly v>i$ s z to give peu prs ! modell+ ( ! creature4 ,!n ) a f9e po9t ! l9es ( ! fur are scrap$ out1 always ) an eye to ! fur!r developm5t ( ! modell+4 ,f9ally1 ! %>p lights are s(t5$1 :]e necess>y1 ) delicate t9t1 & a few f9e hair-l9es are put 9 ) a bru% 9 d>k br[n4 ,by no conceivable me?od ( execution c\ld c]ta9 textures be bett] r5d]$ ?an ?is4 ,a simil> process is adopt$ 9 r5d]+ ! damasc5$ surface ( slightly r\nd$ %ields2 b 9 t case ! modell+ ( ! gr\nd is fir/ obta9$ by means ( matt1 n wa%4 ,black z a local col\r1 :e!r by way ( h]aldic t9cture or to repres5t velvet 9 co/ume1 0 v g5]ally us$2 b 9 su* small quantities always z entirely to ju/ify its use4 ,! practice1 t is to say1 ref]r$ to on page #eg1 ) ref]5ce to ! ,g]man "w at ,%rewsbury1 0 c>ri$ fur!r4 ,?is 0 q a diff]5t ?+ f :at occurs1 = example1 9 a late w9d[ at ,montmor5cy1 :]e f\r br[n ,b5$ict9e monks are frock$ 9 muddy pa9t3 t is a fault ( judgm5t no skill 9 execution c\ld make good4 ,9 ! case ( black us$ by way ( local col\r ! draw+ l9es 7 ( c\rse scrap$ out 9 cle> glass1 & ton$1 if ne$ 71 ) t9t4 ,! hair1 cap1 & fea!rs ( ! figure opposite illu/rate ! processes ( execution above describ$2 ! *a9 arm\r ab\t ! man's neck is also v deftly sugge/$4 ,illu/ration3 #ej4 ,,ne$le ,,po9t ,,"w1 ,,swiss4 ,! use ( ! po9t w5t fur!r ?an r5d]+ ! texture ( hair1 & s on4 ,x 0 us$ = ! r5d]+ ( all texture & ! completion ( modell+ ev]y:]e4 ,! ,swiss glass pa9t] did v mu* :at is done 9 l>ge :5 "o draws on br[n or grey pap] 9 :ite & black2 only in/ead ( black *alk he us$ br[n pa9t1 & in/ead ( putt+ on :ite *alk he scrap$ away a half t9t ) :i* he _h begun by coat+ ! glass2 & ( c\rse he work$ 9 small4 ,"o kn[s by exp]i5ce h[ mu* m tell+ ! :ite crayon is ?an ! black1 h[ mu* m modell+ y seem to get ) v little draw+2 & s x is 9 glass2 & s x 0 t ! glass pa9t] dep5d$ s mu* m ^u tak+ out lights ?an ^u putt+ 9 d>ks4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,swiss mann] & ! process already describ$ 9 ref]5ce to ,r5aissance *ur* glass 0 ma9ly t1 work+ ^u s mu* small] a scale1 ! arti/ dep5d$ s mu* m ^u ! po9t4 ,8 "w is1 9 fact1 a k9d ( et*+4 ,x is ! exact rev]se ( draw+ 9 p5 & ink1 :]e ! draughtsman works l9e by l9e up to 8 d>ke/ %ad[4 ,"h he works l9e by l9e to cle>e/ light1 precisely z ! et*] draws 8 negative ^u copp]1 only on glass x is ! positive picture :i* is produc$4 ,s f> z manipulation is conc]n$ ! two processes are id5tical4 ,x is inde$ q )9 ! b\nds ( possibility t ! me?od ( ! glass pa9t] 7& n t ( ! damasc5]1 z g5]ally suppos$7 may fir/ h put ! et*] ^u ! track ( 8 te*nique4 ,! me?od ( workman%ip employ$ by ! pa9t] is %[n pretty cle>ly on page #ij4 ,9 spite ( a c]ta9 granul> surface giv5 by ! /one employ$ by ! li?ograph] 9 reproduc+ ! design1 x is q cle>ly se5 h[ ! man's arm\r & ! texture ( ! silk 9 8 sleeves is all obta9$ by ! po9t4 ,! trace ( ! ne$le is n cle>ly %[n 9 ! fle%1 except 9 ! h& ^u 8 hip2 b on page #ic x is ev]y:]e app>5t--9 ! %ad+ ( ! ar*itecture1 at ! top ( ! page1 9 ! damasc5+ ( ! tops ( %ields bel[1 9 ! draw+ ( ! pa/oral /aff1 9 ! modell+ ( ! mitre & ! repres5tation ( ! jewels ^u x1 no less ?an 9 ! r5d]+ ( ! texture ( ! silk4 ,?is ultra-delicacy ( workman%ip 0 naturally c>ri$ to its fur!/ ext5t ^u :ite glass or ^u :ite & /a91 b ! same me?od 0 employ$ ) pot-metal col\r2 &1 dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury at lea/1 pot-metal col\r 0 us$ :5 x conv5i5tly c\ld be1 & ! lead+ 0 sometimes clev]ly s*em$1 ?\gh ! glass employ$ 0 (t5 crude 9 col\r4 ,ev5tually1 9 ,switz]l& z ev]y:]e1 enamel col\r succe$$ pot-metal1 by :i*1 ( c\rse1 x w\ld h be5 impossible correctly to r5d] ! t9ctures ( elaborately qu>t]$ %ields on ! m9ute scale to :i* !y 7 cu/om>ily drawn4 ,at ,luc]ne1 = example1 !re are "s small circul> m$allions ) coats ( arms n mu* bigg] ?an occur on ! back ( an old-fa%ion$ wat*case4 ,ne$less to say t !re ! draw+ is done entirely ) a po9t4 ,?is k9d ( ?+ is1 ( c\rse1 glass pa9t+ 9 m9iature2 x is n meant to say t x is effective2 b x is none ! less m>vell\sly done4 ,x 0 at its be/1 r\ghly speak+1 f #aecj to a little lat] ?an #afjj4 ,"s ( ! v be/ t 0 ev] done1 n[ at ! ,ra?-haus at ,luc]ne1 be>s date f #afjf-afji2 !re is "s also at ! ,h(-kir*e !re2 b t is out ( ! rea* ( ord9>y sight1 & ?is is plac$ :]e x c conv5i5tly be /udi$4 ,! po9t-"w1 x %\ld be und]/ood1 is /ill always scrap$ out ( br[n1 or x may be black4 ,! enamel t may be us$ ) x is float$ on indep5d5tly ( ?is2 & z "t w5t on enamel 0 ( c\rse v l>gely us$1 especially 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,to ! cr$it ( ! ,swiss x %\ld be said t1 alone among lat] glass pa9t]s1 !y 7 at once consci5ti\s & exp]t 9 ! *emi/ry ( _! art1 & us$ enamel :i* has be5 pro( aga9/ "t4 ,!y knew _! trade1 & practis$ x devot$ly4 ,possibly x 0 ! small scale ^u :i* !y work$ :i* enabl$ !m to fuse ! enamel ?or\ghly ) ! glass4 ,x is due to !m also to say t1 ?\gh _! /yle may h be5 f9ik91 !re 0 no?+ feeble ab\t _! workman%ip2 t 0 ma/]ly4 ,& !y rema9 ! ma/]s ( delicate manipulation & f9i% 9 glass pa9t+4 ,al?\gh ! ne$le po9t 0 us$ to mo/ effective purpose 9 ,swiss glass x did n ( c\rse entirely sup]s$e o!r me?ods4 ,at ! ,g]manic ,museum at ,nuremb]g 7:]e !re is a fair am\nt ( good "w1 #aejb-afgb7 !re is "s matt$ t9t :i* is %ad$ & !n l9$ 9 br[n1 mu* aft] ! mann] ( "o ( ,dr]'s woodcuts4 ,x has v mu* ! appe>ance ( a p5 draw+ %ad$1 z _m ( ! old ma/]s' draw+s 71 9 br[n wa%4 ,illu/ration3 #ea4 ,,ne$le-,,po9t ,,"w1 ,,swiss4 ,a fair am\nt ( simple figure "w 9 :ite & /a9 cont9u$ to be done1 9 :i* outl9e w5t = a good deal1 & matt$ %ad[ 0 only "h & !re help$ out ) ! po9t4 ,9 l&scape backgr\nds %ade t9t 0 sometimes broadly & directly float$ on4 ,b z (t5 z n %ad+ 0 execut$ to a great ext5t ) ! ne$le1 :il/ local col\r 0 pa9t$ ) enamel4 ,ev5 9 association ) admirable h]aldry & figure "w1 "o f9ds di/ant figure gr\ps & l&scapes pa9t$ 9 ?is way4 ,!y look m l col\r$ magic-lant]n slides ?an pa9t$ w9d[ glass4 ,sometimes subtlety ( workman%ip 0 c>ri$ r beyond ! b\nds ( discretion1 z :5 at ,nuremb]g 7#aecj7 faces 7 pa9t$ 9 t9t aga9/ cle> glass1 )\t outl9e1 ! m]e %ad+1 delicate z x is1 be+ dep5d$ ^u to relieve !m f ! gr\nd4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t1 ne> to ! eye1 x does t2 b ! practice does n recomm5d itself4 ,x is rem>kable h[ v fa9t a matt ( col\r on ! surface ( transp>5t glass gives a sort ( opacity to x :i* di/+ui%es x f ! cle> gr\nd4 ,sometimes :ite enamel is us$1 sometimes p]haps a m]e coat ( flux3 x is difficult to say :at x is1 b !re is (t5 on ! lighte/ portions ( ! pa9t$ glass no m ?an ! v]ie/ film1 to %[ t x has be5 pa9t$4 ,x is obvi\s t glass ( ! mo/ delicate "* describ$ mu/ be ! "w ( ! design]2 & x seems cle>1 f num]\s draw+s extant1 :i* are evid5tly ! c>toons = ,swiss w9d[ panes1 t ! draughtsman contemplat$ c>ry+ out 8 design himself4 ,at all ev5ts1 he frequ5tly left s mu* out ( ^! draw+s1 t1 if he tru/$ to ! pa9t+ ( ano!r1 no little ( ! cr$it ( ! draughtsman%ip 0 due to t o!r1 & he 0 at lea/ "p design] ( ! w9d[4 ,9 glass :]e pa9t+ is c>ri$ to a high /ate ( p]fection x goes )\t say+ t ! pa9t] mu/ be an arti/ second only to ! design]4 ,inv5tion & te*nical p[] d n always g toge!r4 ,b if ! design] c pa9t 8 own glass1 & w1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,x is m ?an probable t ! be/ glass is ! autograph "w ( ! design]4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,res\rces ,,( ,,! ,,glass ,,pa9t]--,a ,,recapitulation4 ,hav+ foll[$ ! c\rse ( te*nique ?us f>1 x may be z well to survey ! situation & see :]e we n[ /&4 ,suppose an arti/ altoge!r )\t exp]i5ce 9 glass _h occasion to design a w9d[4 ,! fir/ ?+ he w\ld want to "k w\ld be ! means at 8 comm& at ?is pres5t mom5t1 & :at dep5d5ce he c\ld place ^u !m4 ,t is :at x is int5d$ briefly to set =? 9 ?is *apt]1 q )\t ref]5ce to date or /yle or any?+ b ! capacities ( ! mat]ial4 ,! "q is1 :at c be done ) x8 ,n until a man kn[s t is he 9 a position to make up 8 m9d z to :at he w d4 ,if he ask1 z arti/s w1 :y _c he d j :at he likes1 & z he likes1 ! answ] is3 because glass 0 n made = him1 & w only d :at he wants on condition ( 8 dem&s ^u x be+ reasonable4 ,he might f9d x pleasant] if ! _w revolv$ r\nd him2 b x does n4 ,if he w\ld make a w9d[ he mu/ g ! way ( glass2 & ! way ( glass is ?is3-- ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is mosaic4 ,x may be a mosaic ( :ite glass or ( ! pe>ly t9ts :i* g to make :at is t]m$ grisaille1 9 :i* case ! leads :i* b9d ! glass toge!r =m ! patt]n1 or1 at all ev5ts1 a feature 9 x4 ,or x may be ( col\r$ glass1 or ( :ite & col\r1 9 :i* case ! glass =ms ! patt]n1 & ! lead jo9ts are m or less lo/ 9 ! outl9e ( ! design4 ,if ! patt]n is 9 :ite ^u a deep-col\r$ gr\nd ! lead jo9ts cross+ ! patt]n & n =m+ "p ( x are1 z x 71 eat5 up by ! spread+ rays ( :ite light1 &1 suppos+ !m to be judici\sly contriv$1 d n c\nt = mu*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! lead jo9ts cross+ ! col\r$ gr\nd are lo/ 9 its dep?4 ,advantage is tak5 ( ?is to break up ! gr\nd m ?an w\ld be necess>y = conv5i5ce ( glaz+1 or ( /r5g? :5 glaz$1 & s to get t v>iety ( pot-metal ^u :i* s mu* ( ! beauty ( glass col\r dep5ds4 ,illu/ration3 #eb4 ,,pla9 ,,glaz+1 ,,e>ly ,,fr5*4 ,to give satisfactory col\r ! be/ ( pot-metal glass is ess5tial4 ,/ructural conditions :i* a man is b\nd to take into acc\nt 9 8 design are--t ! %apes he draws mu/ be su* z c readily be cut by ! glazi]2 t 8 lead jo9ts mu/ be s s*em$ z1 :]e n lo/ 9 ! glass1 to =m "p ( ! design1 /r5g!n+1 = example1 ! outl9es2 t 8 plan mu/ at int]vals include provision = sub/antial iron b>s :i* %all n int]f]e ) ! draw+4 ,he mu/ und]/& t ea* sep>ate col\r 9 8 composition is repres5t$ by a sep>ate piece ( glass1 cut out ( a %eet ( ! requir$ col\r4 ,!re may1 & %\ld1 h[ev]1 be v>iety 9 x4 ,a %eet ( glass v>ies 9 dep? ( tone accord+ to its ?ickness1 :i* 9 ! be/ glass is nev] ev52 moreov]1 x may be /reak$ or o!rwise accid5tally v>i$2 & s consid]able play ( t9t may be got 9 a well-select$ piece ( pot-metal4 ,%\ld a t9t be requir$ :i* ! palette ( ! glazi] does n supply x may sometimes be obta9$ by lead+ up two ?icknesses ( glass toge!r4 ,?is exp$i5t is call$ plat+4 ,illu/ration3 #ec4 ,,mosaic ,,glass1 ,,assisi4 ,!re are two v workmanlike ways 9 :i* :ite & col\r may be obta9$ 9 "o piece ( glass4 ,if ! glass is n col\r$ ?r\gh\t its ?ickness1 b only a "p ( ! way ?r\gh1 ! col\r$ "p may be eat5 away 9 places by acid 7x us$ =m]ly to be t$i\sly abrad$72 & s a patt]n ( :ite may be trac$ ^u a gr\nd ( blue1 = example1 or1 z is m common1 ruby4 ,a piece ( :ite or pale col\r$ glass may fur!r be /a9$1 b only1 s f>1 ( "o col\r1 yell[4 ,! w9d[ opposite is all 9 :ite & gold5-yell[4 ,?is result is produc$ by ! action ( silv] ^u x1 :i*1 at a suffici5t temp]ature1 develops a t9t v>y+ f lemon to orange ( beautiful quality1 & z imp]i%able z ! glass2 b "o _c be q c]ta9 always z to ! precise %ade x w take 9 ! fire4 ,on blue x gives gre51 & s on4 ,by ! comb9ation ( ^! two processes ?ree t9ts may be obta9$1 or ev5 f\r ^u ! same piece ( glass--say :ite1 gre51 & yell[ all ^u a blue gr\nd4 ,!re is a ?ird me?od ( avoid+ lead glaz+4 ,if little jewels ( col\r$ glass be cut out ( v>i\s %eets & plac$ ^u :ite glass !y become fus$ at a suffici5t heat 9 ! kiln1 & adh]e m or less firmly to ! glass on :i* !y are laid2 b ?is process ( anneal+ is n v safe4 ,/ill less to be dep5d$ ^u is ! f\r? process ( enamell+4 ,9 t case ! col\r$ glass is appli$ 9 ! =m ( a pa9t ^u a %eet ( :ite4 ,fus+ at a comp>atively l[ temp]ature1 x r>ely gets q firmly fix$4 ,nor has x ! dep? ( pot-metal col\r4 ,! ?ree processes ( /a9+1 anneal+1 & enamell+1 entail1 x w be se51 ! burn+ ( ! glass4 ,lit]ally ?is is ! limit ( :at c be done 9 /a9$ glass4 ,illu/ration3 #ed4 ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,:ite ,,& ,,/a91 ,,w>wick ,,ca/le4 ,! t]m /a9$ glass1 h[ev]1 is g5]ally us$ to include pa9t+1 :i* f ! fir/ has be5 associat$ ) x4 ,?is pa9t+ 7n to be conf\nd$ ) ! above m5tion$ enamell+7 is a second process1 :i* ! glass und]goes aft] x is cut & be=e x is fir$4 ,x is n 9 ! lea/ :at a pa9t] und]/&s by pa9t+4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 a means ( giv+ 9 solid br[n pigm5t1 :i* effectually /ops out ! light1 detail small] ?an m]e glaz+ w\ld p]mit1 su* z ! features ( a face or ! ve9+ ( a leaf3 x gives ! foils ( ! foliage1 & m>ks ! individual b]ries 9 ! bord] ov]leaf4 ,9 ! next x is us$ p>tially to obscure ! glass1 s z to give %ad+4 ,! pigm5t is n us$ z col\r1 b = draw+ & %ad+ only4 ,local col\r is repres5t$ by ! pieces ( pot-metal glass employ$2 ! pa9t+ fulfils precisely ! "p ( ! engrav+ 9 a pr9t col\r$ by h&4 ,! v>i\s me?ods ( pa9t+ are expla9$ on pages #de1 #fd1 #hi4 ,9 "s respects !y h m aff9ity ) l9e draw+1 mezzot9t1 & et*+ ?an ) oil or wat]-col\r pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 #ee4 ,,aux]re4 ,x is extremely difficult to get delicacy ( modell+ or high f9i% at "o pa9t+--to all b a consummate glass pa9t] impossible4 ,_m a "t ! "w has to be pa9t$ sev]al times ov]1 ea* pa9t+ be+ sep>ately burnt 91 always at "s risk4 ,pa9t+ t is n suffici5tly fir$ peels (f 9 "t4 ,if x is fir$ too mu* x may be burnt q away4 ,! effect ( pa9t 9 ! =m ( %ad+ is naturally to obscure ! glass4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t !re is n mu* h>m 9 t2 x c\nts = no?+ z comp>$ ) ! facilities ( expression x af=ds4 ,b t po9t is soon rea*$4 ,!n x becomes a "q ( ! relative value (1 on ! "o h&1 purity & transluc5cy ( glass col\r1 &1 on ! o!r1 ( pictorial qualities4 ,! problem is to get ! utmo/ ( modell+ or expression ) ! m9imum ( obscuration4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! me?od ( pa9t+ adopt$4 ,s long z ! light is all[$ to get ?r\gh x1 "o may indulge 9 a fair am\nt ( %ad+1 b a deep ev5 t9t1 leav+ none ( ! glass cle>1 is inevitably heavy4 ,! m "o c repres5t %ad[s by deep] t9t$ glass ! m brilliant ! result w be4 ,?is pa9t+1 al?\gh1 /rictly speak+1 9 br[n enamel1 is n1 z 0 said1 :at is usually meant by enamel pa9t+3 t is describ$ on page #gg4 ,a w9d[ may be pa9t$ altoge!r 9 enamel2 &1 :5 ! mosaic me?od w5t out1 designs 7 pa9t$ 9 enamel ^u panes ( pla9 :ite glass2 b1 = ! mo/ "p1 s9ce ! pieces _h to be connect$ by lead1 x 0 f\nd conv5i5t to use pot-metal = "s ( ! /rong] col\rs4 ,9 rec5t times1 h[ev]1 ow+ to ! introduction ( l>ge %eets ( ?ick] glass1 to improv$ glass kilns1 & also to m accurate k ( ! *emi/ry ( enamel col\rs1 x is possible to pa9t a picture-w9d[ on "o %eet ( glass4 ,t has be5 done ) extraord9>y skill at ,svres4 ,y may see really m>vell\s results 9 ?is k9d 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,b\rbons at ,dreux4 ,if y want nei!r m nor less ?an a picture ^u glass1 & are cont5t ) a picture 9 :i* ! %ad[s are opaque & ! lights transp>5t1 t is ! way to get x4 ,y w n get ! qualities ( glass4 ,)9 ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s !re seems to h be5 v consid]able improvem5t 9 ! purity1 transluc5cy1 & dep? ( enamel col\rs4 ,h[ f> !y are la/+ rema9s to be prov$4 ,anyway1 brilliant z !y are1 !y h n by any means ! int5sity ( pot-metal glass1 & x does n seem1 humanly speak+1 possible t a film ( col\r$ glass ^u a %eet ( :ite c ev] compete 9 /r5g? & volume ) col\r 9 ! body ( ! glass itself4 ,if1 !re=e1 we want ! qualities ( deep1 ri*1 lum9\s & transluc5t col\r1 :i* glass bett] ?an any o!r m$ium c give1 we mu/ resort to ! use ( pot-metal--t is to say1 to glaz+--assi/$ m or less by br[n pa9t1 us$1 n to get col\r1 b to /op x out1 or to tone x d[n4 ,accord+ to ! m or less ( y\r dep5d5ce ^u pa9t y\r me?od may be describ$ z mosaic or pictorial4 ,/>t+ ^u ! mosaic sy/em1 y r\gh out y\r design 9 col\r$ glass 7or :at /&s = x ^u pap]71 & !n consid] h[1 by use ( pa9t1 z above m5tion$1 y may get fur!r detail1 %ad+1 h>mony ( tone4 ,/>t+ ^u ! pictorial sy/em y sket* 9 y\r design1 %ade x1 & col\r x1 & !n be?9k y h[ y c get ! glass to take ^? l9es4 ,9 ei!r case y h1 ( c\rse1 f ! fir/1 a v di/9ct idea z to ! assi/ance y w get f ! supplem5t>y process2 b x makes all ! diff]5ce :e!r y ?9k fir/ ( ! glass or ( ! pa9t+4 ,^u t w dep5d ! "* ( y\r w9d[4 ,if y want all t glass c give 9 ! way ( col\r1 beg9 ) ! mosaic4 ,if y want pictorial effect1 ?9k fir/ ( y\r pa9t+4 ,if y want to get bo?1 balance ! two consid]ations equally 9 y\r m9d f ! fir/4 ,only1 to d t1 y mu/ be a ma/] ( y\r trade4 ,a fir/ consid]ation 9 ! design ( a w9d[ are ! b>s :i* are to support x4 ,! skill$ design] beg9s by sett+ ^! out ^u 8 pap]1 ne>] or clos] toge!r1 accord+ to ! wid? ( ! op5+1 f n9e to eighte5 in*es asund]4 ,9 a wide w9d[ x may be z well to make e second or ?ird b> extra /rong4 ,upright /an*ions may also be introduc$4 ,exig5cies ( design may make x necess>y to alt] ! arrangem5t ( b>s ) :i* y set out4 ,y may h occasionally to b5d "o ( !m to escape a face1 or o!r important feature2 b1 if y beg9 ) !m1 ?is w n (t5 be necess>y4 ,b>s may be %ap$ to foll[ ! l9es ( ! design4 ,!re is no?+ aga9/ t1 except t x is r co/ly to d2 &1 on ! :ole1 x is h>dly wor? do+4 ,9 big w9d[s1 su* z ^? at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 rais$ "s feet above ! level ( ! eye1 /\t b>s h1 9 effect1 only ab\t ! value ( /rong lead l9es1 :il/ lead l9es disappe>4 ,! po9ts to be obs]v$ ) reg>d to glaz+ are ^!3 ,s9ce leads mu/ =m l9es1 x is z well to ?r[ !m z mu* z possible into outl9es4 ,9 a clev]ly glaz$ w9d[ ! design w tell ev5 :5 ! pa9t has p]i%$4 ,to glaze a picture 9 squ>es1 reg>dless ( ! draw+1 is m]e brutality4 ,because by aid ( ! diamond glass may actually be cut to almo/ any %ape1 x is n advisable1 !re=e1 to design %apes awkw>d to cut1 b r to design ! lead l9es ( a w9d[ ) a view to simplicity ( cutt+ & /r5g? ( glaz+4 ,pieces ( glass difficult to cut are ! fir/ to break4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! design] to anticipate breakage by introduc+ a lead j :]e x w\ld occur4 ,t\rs de =ce 9 glaz+ are n wor? do+4 ,x is a mi/ake to be afraid ( leads4 ,skilfully introduc$1 !y help ! effect2 &1 except 9 "w :i* comes v ne> ! eye1 !y are lo/ 9 ! glass4 ,! quality ( pot-metal glass is all important4 ,x %\ld nev] be me*anically flat & ev54 ,! me*anically imp]fect mat]ial made 9 ! ,middle ,ages is s inf9itely sup]ior to ! p]fect manufacture ( our day1 t we h _h delib]ately to aim at ! accid5ts ( col\r & surface :i* foll[$ naturally f ! rud] appliances & less accurate sci5ce ( ^? days4 ,!re are leg5ds ab\t lo/ secrets ( glass mak+1 to :i* mu* mod]n produce gives an appe>ance ( tru?4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ?\gh old glass und\bt$ly owes some?+ ( its *>m to wea!r+1 bett] & m beautiful glass 0 nev] made ?an is n[ produc$2 b x is n ( ! *eape/1 & x wants *oos+4 ,! *oice ( glass is a v s]i\s matt]4 ,:at are call$ spoilt %eets are invaluable4 ,x takes an arti/ to pick ! pieces4 ,b )\t exp]i5ce 9 glass ! judgm5t ev5 ( a col\ri/ w (t5 be at fault4 ,"s col\rs spread unduly1 s t ! effect ( ! juxtaposition ( any two is n by any means ! same z x w\ld be 9 pa9t+4 ,x is only by practical exp]im5t t a man le>ns1 = example1 h[ mu* r$ w1 9 conjunction ) blue1 run into purple1 & :i* %ade ( ei!r col\r be/ holds its own4 ,effects ( ?is k9d h be5 m or less sci5tifically expla9$--by ,m4 ,viollet le ,duc = "o--b1 9 ord] to pr(it by any su* explanation1 a man mu/ h exp]i5ce also4 ,ref]r+ to fla%$ glass1 all k9ds ( d\ble-glass are n[ made3 r$ & blue purple1 yell[ & blue gre51 & s on2 b !re is n1 except1 p]haps1 9 "w on q a small scale1 mu* to be ga9$ by ?is4 ,9 fact1 x is n well 9 "w on a fairly l>ge scale to dep5d too mu* ^u et*+ patt]n out ( coat$ glass4 ,9 a w9d[ bread? ( effect is ( m acc\nt ?an m9ut5ess ( detail4 ,damask or o!r patt]ns 9 drap]ies might1 m (t5 ?an !y are1 be lead$ up 9 pot-metal4 ,x w\ld compel simplicity on ! "p ( ! design]1 & ! effect ( ! glass w\ld be ri*]4 ,) ! increas+ v>iety ( col\r$ glass n[ made1 plat+ becomes less necess>y ?an once x 04 ,! drawback to ! practice is t du/ & dirt may ins9uate !mselves betwe5 ! two pieces ( glass1 & dead5 ! col\r4 ,! safe plan is to fuse ! two pieces ( glass toge!r4 ,good glass is m ?an half ! battle4 ,raw glass may be ton$ d[n by pa9t1 b poor glass _c be made ri* by x4 ,! ,italian glass pa9t]s (t5 us$ crude gre5s & purples1 & s(t5$ !m ) br[n4 ,!y might d t ) comp>ative safety "u an ,italian sky2 b ! deep] tones produc$ t way h n ! purity & lusci\sness ( juicy pot-metal1 & ! pa9t is liable to peel (f & betray ! pov]ty ( ! *eap mat]ial4 ,x is ! fundam5tal mi/ake ( ! pa9t]1 because by means ( pa9t he c d s mu*1 to dep5d ^u x = m ?an x c d4 ,! ton+ ( local col\r ) br[n pa9t is only a make%ift = m ?or\ghly mosaic "w2 b x is an ev]-pres5t temptation to ! pa9t]1 & "o aga9/ :i* he %\ld be on 8 gu>d4 ,! actual te*nique ( glass pa9t+1 x has be5 expla9$ already1 is q diff]5t f pa9t+ z ! pa9t] und]/&s x2 (t5 x is n s mu* pa9t+ z scrap+ out pa9t4 ,! arti/ may1 nay mu/1 *oose 8 own te*nique4 ,he w get 8 effect 9 ! way mo/ sympa!tic to him4 ,:at he has to rememb] is1 t1 except :]e he wants actually to /op out light1 he mu/ get light into 8 %ad[s--:e!r by /ippl+ ! wet col\r1 or by scrubb+ x :5 dry ) a hog tool1 or by scrap+ ) a po9t1 is 8 affair4 ,= example1 if he wants to l[] ! t9t ( a piece ( glass1 ! wor/ ?+ he c\ld d w\ld be to coat x ) an ev5 film ( pa9t4 ,x w\ld be bett] to /ipple x s t 9 p>ts m light came ?r\gh4 ,b ! be/ way ( pres]v+ ! brilliancy ( ! glass w\ld be ei!r to pa9t ! glass ) cross-hat*$ l9es1 or to scrape bright l9es out ( a coat ( pa9t4 ,9 drap]ies1 backgr\nds1 & s on1 ?is is mo/ effectively done 9 ! =m ( a diap]1 (t5 z m9ute z damasc5+1 :i* sc>cely c\nts mu* z patt]n4 ,bold or delicate1 a diap] is q ! mo/ effective means ( l[]+ col\r2 ev5 h>d l9es seldom appe> h>d 9 glass1 ow+ to ! spread+ ( ! light z x comes ?r\gh2 b ! inevitable h>dness ( l9es scrap$ out may be mitigat$ by dabb+ ! wet pa9t s z to make x unev51 or by rubb+ (f "p ( ! pa9t aft] ! l9es h be5 scrap$ out4 ,ano!r & yet ano!r delicate film ( pa9t may be pass$ ov] ! pa9t$ diap] by a skilful h&1 b out ( ea* film lights %\ld be scrap$ if ! full value ( ! glass is to be pres]v$4 ,illu/ration3 #ef4 ,,scrat*$ ,,diap]4 ,solid pigm5t z local col\r is a ?+ to indulge 9 only ) extreme mod]ation4 ,! /rong black lead l9es (t5 want l9es or t\*es ( black /rong en\gh to keep !m 9 c\nt5ance 7t is n suffici5tly rememb]$1 & x is :5 x is =gott5 t ! leads ass]t _! h>%ness 9 :ite glass71 & "h & !re1 9 "w on a small scale1 a po9t ( black 7a velvet cap1 a bag1 a %oe1 z %[n ov]leaf17 is v valuable z local col\r2 b1 :5 ! scale all[s1 x is bett] always to get ?is mass 9 d>k-ton$ glass1 :i* gives ! necess>y dep? ( col\r mo/ easily1 mo/ safely1 & ) mo/ lum9\s effect4 ,! ?+ n to d1 is to pa9t ! robes ( black-drap$ figures 9 black1 a common practice 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a robe ( black ri*ly embroid]$ ) gold & pe>ls may q well be r5d]$1 z x 0 9 late ,go?ic "w1 by solid pa9t1 because ! pe>ls be+ only delicately pa9t$1 & ! gold be+ 9 great "p p]fectly cle> yell[ /a91 pl5ty ( light %9es ?r\gh4 ,z to ! means ( gett+ delicate pa9t+ 9 glass1 ! utmo/ delicacy c be got1 b x co/s pati5t lab\r1 & !re is risk ( its go+ = no?+4 ,! only q safe way ( gett+ v delicate effects ( pa9t+ is to pa9t mu* /rong] ?an x is meant to appe>4 ,a v fi]ce fire w !n r$uce t to a m]e gho/ ( :at x 02 possibly x w burn x away altoge!r4 ,^u ?is gho/ ( y\r fir/ pa9t+ y may pa9t once aga91 /r5g!n+ x 7& inde$ exagg]at+ x7 9 all b q ! mo/ delicate p>ts4 ,a /rong fire w1 z be=e1 r$uce ?is )\t affect+ ! fir/ pa9t+4 ,possibly a ?ird or ev5 a f\r? pa9t+ may be necess>y to an effect ( high f9i%4 ,:5 y h x1 x is z la/+ z ! glass itself4 ,illu/ration3 #eg4 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,%rewsbury4 ,?is pa9/ak+ process1 h[ev]1 is f\nd to be t$i\s4 ,a mu* easi] plan is to add to ! pigm5t a quantity ( borax1 or o!r sub/ance :i* w make x fl[ easily 9 ! kiln4 ,t necessitates only a g5tle fire1 9 :i* !re is no risk ( burn+ away ! "w done1 & enables y to d 9 "o or two op]ations :at w\ld h tak5 ?ree or f\r4 ,b ! g5tle fire requir$ to fix s(t flux only fixes x g5tly4 ,securely to fix ! pigm5t1 ! glass %\ld h be5 rais$ to almo/ r$ heat1 to ! po9t1 9 fact1 at :i* x j beg9s to melt1 & ! col\r actually s9ks into x1 & becomes "o ) x4 ,a heat any?+ l t w\ld h wip$ out s(t col\r altoge!r4 ,moreov]1 ! borax flux itself is v readily decompos$ by ! moi/ure ( a climate l ours4 ,accord+ly ! m easily execut$ "w _c possibly be fa/4 ,x fades1 !y say4 ,t is n ! case4 ,x simply crumbles (f1 soon] or lat]2 b ev5tually ! atmosph]e has its way ) x4 ,t is h[ we see 9 mod]n w9d[s faces 9 :i* ! features gr[ dim & disappe>4 ,we h got to reckon ) ?is c]ta9ty1 t if we want our pa9t+ to la/ we mu/ fire x v sev]ely4 ,:at w n /& a fi]ce ov5 w n /& ! wea!r4 ,9 view ( ! lab\r & risk involv$ 9 v delicate pa9t+ x becomes a "q h[ f> x is wor? :ile4 ,t w dep5d ^u ! arti/'s purpose4 ,b ! moral seems to be t1 = purposes ( decoration g5]ally1 x w\ld be bett] n to aim at too great delicacy ( effect1 :i* is aft] all n ! quality mo/ valuable1 any m ?an x is mo/ readily atta9able1 9 glass4 ,only ^? :o h _h actual exp]i5ce 9 glass appreciate ! value ( silv] /a94 ,x gives ! pure/ & mo/ beautiful quality ( yell[1 f lemon to orange1 brilliant z gold4 ,!re is "s risk ) x4 ,"o k9d ( glass w take x k9dly1 ano!r w reject x2 y h to *oose y\r glass ) ref]5ce to x4 ,! fire may br+ x to a deep] col\r ?an is want$4 ,x may ev5 come out s heavy & obscure t x has to be remov$ ) acid1 & r5ew$4 ,"s all b inevitable unc]ta9ty z to its t9t1 r5d]s ?is peculi> yell[ m suitable = use :]e absolute c]ta9ty ( t9t is n ess5tial4 ,nev]!less1 ! skill$ glass pa9t] makes no difficulty ( d\bl+ ! process1 & /a9+ a d>k yell[ ^u a light]1 ) v beautiful results4 ,occasionally a ma/] ( 8 craft has gone s f> z lit]ally to pa9t 9 /a91 scrap+ out 8 high lights 9 :ite1 & giv+1 = example1 ! v picture ( emboss$ goldsmi?'s "w4 ,9 ! diap]+ ( drap]ies & ! l /a9 is ( great s]vice1 & aga9 9 l&scape ^u blue4 ,b x has n be5 us$ = all x is wor? z a means ( qualify+ col\r :i* is n precisely "r1 ap>t altoge!r f patt]n4 ,_m a "t :]e a scum ( pa9t has be5 employ$ to r$uce a t9t1 a judici\s blur ( /a91 n appreciable z su*1 w\ld h done x m satisfactorily1 )\t 9 ! lea/ obscur+ ! glass4 ,n[h]e is silv] /a9 m invaluable ?an 9 w9d[s ( :ite glass or grisaille1 ! quality ( :i* is n suffici5tly appreciat$4 ,! "m-(-pe>l-l t9ts ( :at is call$ :ite glass l5d !mselves1 9 exp]i5c$ h&s1 to effects ( opalesc5t col\r z beautiful 9 _! way z ! deep] pot-metal tones4 ,!re is no great difficulty 9 comb9+ grisaille & col\r1 provid$ ! :ite be n too ?9 nor ! col\r too deep2 b ! happie/ comb9ations are :]e "o or ! o!r is di/9ctly pr$om9ant4 ,) v deep ri* glass1 su* z t us$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 x is mo/ difficult to use :ite 9 any?+ l a pat* 7= ! fle%1 = example1 9 figure "w74 ,unless v heavily pa9t$ x ass]ts itself too mu*1 & heavy pa9t de/roys its quality4 ,practically ! only ?+ to d is to use glass ( really r /rong t9t1 :i* 9 its place has v mu* ! value ( :ite4 ,! :ites 9 ,e>ly w9d[s are a long way f purity4 ,!y are gre5i%1 bone col\r1 horny2 b !y h mu* m ! effect ( :ite ?an has1 = example1 pure :ite glass r$uc$ by pa9t to a granul> t9t ( umb]4 ,fle% t9ts pres5t a difficulty always1 unless y are cont5t to accept a q conv5tional r5d]+ ( x4 ,9 connection ) /rong col\r y may use fle%-t9t$ glass2 b t is j ! "o t9t :i* x is mo/ difficult to get 9 glass4 ,x is usually too p9k4 ,pa9t+ on :ite glass 9 br[n produces ! mo/ inv>iably happy results1 & 9 w9d[s into :i* :ite l>gely ent]s t is q ! be/ exp$i5t to adopt4 ,9 practice x proves ord9>ily a mi/ake to adopt a w>m] br[n = fle% t9t1 or to pa9t x 9 br[n & r$1 z 0 done 9 ! sixte5? c5tury & aft] t4 ,x looks always unpleasantly hot4 ,:5 fle% wants reliev+ aga9/ :ite x is bett] to use a cold] :ite glass = ! backgr\nd4 ,! only condition "u :i* w>m-t9t$ fle% is q acceptable is :5 x is 9 ! mid/ ( /rong r$ & yell[4 ,! use ( r$ enamel = fle% seems to be a weak1 unnecess>y1 & unavail+ concession to ! pictorial4 ,x does n give ! effect ( actual fle%1 & x does n help ! effect ( ! w9d[4 ,s9ce y _c get actual fle% tones x is z well to accept ! conv5tion ( :ite fle%1 :i* gives bread? & dignity to ! glass4 ,!re is a sort ( frivolity ab\t enamell$ fle%-p9k4 ,x is1 9 a way1 pretty1 b out ( key ) ! monum5tal "* ( a w9d[4 ,glass l5ds itself be/ to /rong1 l>ge "w4 ,! quality ( pot-metal gives ! col\r *ord4 ,! leads give ! key to ! scale ( design--! pit*1 z x 71 ( ! arti/'s voice4 ,t ^! are /rong 7x is seldom wor? :ile resort+ to extra ?9 leads7 does n argue t design mu/ be co>se4 ,y h to balance !m ) /rong "w1 ) pat*es1 p]haps1 z well z /rong l9es1 ( d>k pa9t1 to c>ry (f any appe>ance ( brutality 9 !m4 ,?is done1 mu* delicate detail may be introduc$4 ,a /rong design ne$ n %\t any m ?an a speak] ne$1 :o kn[s h[ to manage 8 voice4 ,t is ! condition3 y mu/ "k y\r in/rum5t1 & h x "u control4 ,exp]i5ce seems to %[ t a c]ta9 =mality ( design befits /a9$ glass4 ,=mality ( col\r arrangem5t soon becomes t$i\s2 b x is seldom1 if ev]1 t ! design ( glass /rikes "o z unduly =mal4 ,mosaic glass is design$1 x 0 said above1 ) a view to glaz+4 ,! skill$ arti/ designs1 s to speak1 9 leads2 b !y are n ! design2 9 fact1 !y c\nt only z cont\rs1 &1 except 9 m]e glaz+1 !y %\ld n be expect$ to give l9es4 ,x is a common fault to make leads take a "p 9 ! design :i* !y w n play 9 ! glass4 ,9 draw+1 /rong1 firm1 ev5 angul> l9es are valuable1 if n imp]ative4 ,! radiat+ light s(t5s !m4 ,draw+ :i* is already suave is likely to be too s(t 9 ! glass1 to want acc5t4 ,only exp]i5ce w tell y h[ mu* y mu/ att5uate f+]s & ! l 9 y\r draw+ 9 ord] t ! light %all fill !m out1 & give !m j _! normal plumpness4 ,! beg9n] nev] all[s en\gh = ! spread+ ( light4 ,glass pa9t]s :o "k :at !y are ab\t use pl5ty ( solid pa9t+ out2 b x takes exp]i5ce to d x cunn+ly4 ,an arti/ ^: mti] is really glass is n c>eful ( ! appe>ance ( 8 draw+s4 ,c>toons are no?+ b plans ( glass1 n intr9sically ( any acc\nt4 ,really good glass is bett] ?an ! draw+s = x--necess>y z good sket*es may be to please ! ignorant patron4 ,new dep>tures 9 te*nique w sugge/ !mselves to e inv5tive m9d4 ,!y may ev5 be =c$ ^u a man--z1 by 8 own confession1 !y 7 =c$ ^u ,mr4 ,laf>ge--by ! inadequacy ( ! mat]ials )9 8 rea*1 or ! incompet5ce ( ! workm5 on :om he has to dep5d4 ,mr4 ,laf>ge's glass is sometimes v beautiful 9 col\r1 & is /rik+ly unlike mod]n ,european manufacture2 b x is n s absolutely orig9al 9 me?od z ,am]icans appe> to ?9k4 ,he seems to h discov]$ = himself "s practices :i* he might h le>nt f old or ev5 mod]n "w1 & to h c>ri$ o!rs a /ep fur!r ?an 0 done be=e4 ,! basis ( 8 fir/ idea1 he expla9s1 0 9 a l>ge way to recall ! inlay ( preci\s /ones t are set 9 jade by ,ea/]n arti/s4 ,t 0 practically ! notion ( ! e>lie/ ,byzant9e work]s 9 glass4 ,8 use ( o!r mat]ials ?an glass 9 w9d[s he might h le>nt f ,*9a1 ,java1 or ,japan1 :]e !y use oy/]1 tortoise1 & crocodile %ell2 or f anci5t ,rome1 :]e mica1 %ells1 & alaba/] 7 employ$4 ,!re is no?+ v new 9 bl5d$1 /reak$1 or ev5 wr9kl$ glass1 except t mod]ns d by delib]ate int5tion :at ! m$ival glass-mak] c\ld n help b d1 & c>ry x f>!r ?an !y4 ,9 *ipp+ flakes or *unks out ( a solid lump ( glass1 ,mr4 ,laf>ge c]ta9ly /ruck out an idea :i* _h probably occurr$ to no "o s9ce1 9 prehi/oric ages1 man %ap$ 8 arr[ heads & s on out ( fl9t4 ,he has produc$ v beautiful & jewel-l effects by means ( ?is *ipp+1 ?\gh ! mat]ial l5ds itself be/ to a m b>b>ic /yle ( design ?an ! arti/ has usually be5 cont5t to adopt4 ,he has appreciat$1 no "o bett]1 ! quality ( glass1 b n ! fact t s *>act]i/ic a mat]ial z he adopts mu/ rule ! design4 ,! attempt to get pictorial1 atmosph]ic1 or o!r naturali/ic effects by means ( x1 soon br+s y to its limitations4 ,at ! r5d]+ ( fle% x comes to a full /op4 ,! exp]im5t has be5 tri$ by ,mr4 ,laf>ge ( a m9ute mosaic ( little pieces ( glass betwe5 two %eets ( :ite1 all fus$ into "o2 b x appe>s to be too co/ly1 if n too unc]ta9 an exp$i5t1 to be really practical z a means ( r5d]+ ! human face1 m especially if y want to get expression1 :i* is !re ( m importance ?an natural col\r4 ,ano!r new dep>ture1 ! device ( bl[+ glass into %apes1 s z to get modell+ 9 !m1 results s f> 9 r dumb & indet]m9ate =m4 ,x is q possible to melt toge!r a mosaic ( glass )\t ! use ( lead4 ,t practice may yet come into use 9 w9d[ panes1 b !y w be z co/ly z !y are fragile4 ,9 l>g] "w !re is no real arti/ic reason :y lead or its equival5t %\ld be avoid$4 ,h[ mu* old glass w\ld h rema9$ to u if x _h be5 execut$ 9 huge %eets8 ,"h & !re p]haps a brok5 scrap 9 a museum4 ,x is n meant to sugge/ t we %\ld d 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury only :at 0 done 9 times gone by4 ,our means are ampl] n[1 our wants are m4 ,we c foll[ tradition only s f> z x suits our wants2 &1 9 c>ry+ x fur!r1 we are sure to arrive at some?+ s diff]5t t x may be call$ a new ?+4 ,if old me?ods d n meet new conditions we mu/ inv5t o!rs4 ,! problem ( our day is h[ to reconcile manufacture ) any?+ l art2 or fail+ t1 :e!r !re is a livelihood = ! indep5d5t arti/-craftsman8 ,:oev] x may be t is to make our /a9$ glass w9d[s 9 ! future1 he w h to make !m fit ! times4 ,he may discov] new mat]ials4 ,mean:ile x is ( no use qu>rell+ ) ^? he has4 ,he mu/ "k !m & hum\r !m4 ,b>s h to be accept$ z ne$ful supports1 leads to be ackn[l$g$ z conv5i5t jo9ts2 glass mu/ be all[$ its transluc5cy1 & pa9t+ kept to :at x c be/ d4 ,a w9d[ %\ld own itself a w9d[4 ,& :at is ! aim & use ( a /a9$ glass w9d[8 ,to exclude ! light1 said ! poet1 s>ca/ically4 ,yes1 to subdue its g>i%ness1 s(t5 its gl>e1 t+e x ) col\r1 animate x ) =m p]haps4 ,! man :o means to d good "w 9 w9d[s w devote z s]i\s /udy to old glass z a pa9t] to ! old ma/]s4 ,he w n re/ satisfi$ )\t kn[+ :at has be5 done1 h[ x 0 done1 & :y x 0 done s2 b he w n bl9d himself to new possibilities because !y h nev] yet be5 tri$4 ,! pity is t (t5 ! antiqu>y is s bigot$1 ! glass pa9t] s me*anical1 ! arti/ s ignorant ( glass4 ,! ?ree m5 want fus+ into "o4 ,! ideal craftsman is a man famili> ) good "w1 old & new1 a ma/] ( 8 trade1 & an arti/ all ! :ile2 a man too appreciative ( ! be/ to be easily satisfi$ ) 8 own "w1 too confid5t 9 himself to accept :at has be5 done z f9al2 a man exp]im5t+ always1 b bas+ 8 exp]im5ts ^u exp]i5ce1 & prov+ 8 rev]5ce = ! great m5 :o light ! way = him by d>+1 z a man has always d>$1 to be himself4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,design ,,( ,,e>ly ,,glass4 ,design 9 glass develop$ itself on l9es almo/ p>allel to ! progress ( te*nique4 ,ea*1 ( c\rse1 affect$ ! o!r--h[ & :y x is n[ propos$ to %[4 ,x is n int5d$ at pres5t to say m ?an is absolutely necess>y ab\t ,/yle1 9 ! hi/oric s5se--t is res]v$ = a *apt] by itself--b1 z x is conv5i5t to ref] to a p]iod ( design by its "n1 x w be z well at ?is /age briefly to enum]ate ! hi/oric ,p]iods4 ,glass foll[s1 inevitably1 ! /yle ( ar*itecture ( ! p]iod4 ,accord+ly x is divid$ broadly into ,go?ic & ,r5aissance4 ,go?ic1 9 its turn1 is divid$ by ,rickman 7:o fir/ attempt$ to discrim9ate betwe5 ! /yles ( ar*itecture 9 ,engl&7 into ?ree p]iods4 ,w9/on1 :o did = ,engli% glass :at ,rickman did = ,engli% ar*itecture1 adopts 8 classification z foll[s3--,e>ly ,go?ic--to ab\t #abhj4 ,decorat$ ,go?ic--to ab\t #achj4 ,p]p5dicul> ,go?ic--to ab\t #aecj4 ,r5aissance art has be5 classifi$ 9 ,italy accord+ to ! c5tury1 & 9 ,france has be5 nam$ aft] ! reign+ sov]eign--,franois ,premi]1 ,h5ri ,deux1 & s on4 ,9 ,engl& also we make use ( ! t]ms ,tudor1 ,elizabe?an1 ,jacobean1 & ! l4 ,no "o1 h[ev]1 has attempt$ to draw subtle di/9ctions betwe5 ! p]iods ( ,r5aissance glass1 = ! obvi\s reason t ! be/ ( x 0 done )9 a comp>atively %ort p]iod1 & ! re/ is n ( mu* acc\nt4 ,x is en\gh1 !re=e1 to m>k (f two divisions ( ,r5aissance glass4 ,! fir/ 7:i* ov]laps ! late/ ,go?ic7 may be call$ ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 or by ! ,italian "n ,c9que-,c5to1 or simply ,r5aissance2 :il/ ! second1 :i* includes sev5te5? c5tury & lat] "w1 is suffici5tly describ$ z ,late glass4 ,! developm5t ( /yle 9 o!r c\ntries 0 n q p>allel ) its m>* on ?is side ( ! wat]4 ,! ,fr5* 7 always 9 advance ( u1 :e!r 9 ,go?ic or ,r5aissance2 ! ,g]mans lagg$ beh9d1 at all ev5ts 9 ,go?ic2 b ! pace is equal en\gh = u to gr\p w9d[s g5]ally into ?ree ,go?ic & two ,r5aissance p]iods--,e>ly1 ,middle1 & ,late ,go?ic2 ,e>ly & ,late ,r5aissance4 ,if we d t x w conc]n u less1 t ,e>ly ,g]man "w is m ,romanesque ?an ,go?ic1 t ,late ,fr5* "w is n ,p]p5dicul> b ,flamboyant1 & s on4 ,! accept$ classification is det]m9$ ma9ly by ! "* ( ! ar*itectural or ornam5tal detail ( ! design4 ,su* ar*itectural or o!r detail--t ( co/ume1 = example--is ( ! v greate/ use z a clue to ! date ( glass4 ,t is a "q ( ar*ology2 b x is n s mu* ! dates t arti/s or workm5 h to d ) z ) ! c\rse ( craftsman%ip1 ! developm5t ( art4 ,x is conv5i5t = u to m>k "h & !re a po9t :]e art or workman%ip has cle>ly rea*$ a new /age2 x gives u brea?+ "t1 a />t+-po9t on "s fre% voyage ( discov]y2 b su* po9ts ne$ be few4 ,! less we bo!r ourselves by arbitr>y subdivisions ( /yle ! bett]2 & ,w9/on himself all[s t 8 divisions are arbitr>y4 ,! /ud5t ne$ n v s]i\sly conc]n himself ab\t dates or names4 ,p are mu* too anxi\s to get a t]m = ev]y?+1 & :5 !y c use ! t]m glibly !y fancy !y "k all ab\t ! ?+4 ,x is no d\bt easi] to commit to memory a few names & a few dates ?an to "k any?+ ab\t a craft2 b ! "o accompli%m5t w n d 9 place ( ! o!r4 ,a v little real k ( art or practical workman%ip w lead y to suspect1 :at is ! tru?1 t !re is a good deal ( fee-fi-fo-fum ab\t ! j>gon ( /yles4 ,x is h&y to talk ( old "w z belong+ to ?is or t broadly m>k$ hi/oric p]iod2 & x is well wor? ! :ile ( any "o int]e/$ 9 ! c\rse ( art to ma/] ! *>act]i/ics ( /yle4 ,! /ud5t %\ld ma/] !m z a matt] ( c\rse2 b he mu/ n take ! consid]ation ( p]iod = m ?an x is wor?4 ,really we give f> too mu* att5tion to ^! fa%ions ( bygone days--fa%ions1 x mu/ be all[$1 on a m or less colossal scale1 comp>$ to ours1 b /ill only fa%ions4 ,x is propos$ !n to allude "h only s f> to ! /yles z may be necess>y to expla9 ! progress ( design1 & especially ! design ( /a9$ glass w9d[s4 ,9 divid+ ,go?ic into ,e>ly1 ,middle1 & ,late ,go?ic1 correspond+ r\ghly ) ! ?irte5?1 f\rte5?1 & fifte5? c5turies1 x is n =gott5 t !re is an e>li] ,go?ic ( ! twelf? & p]haps elev5? c5turies1 m or less rem9isc5t ( ! ,romanesque p]iod prec$+ x2 b ,engli% glass beg9s1 to all int5ts & purposes1 ) ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ev5 9 ,france !re is n a v great quantity ( *>act]i/ically e>li] glass4 ,:at !re is diff]s f ?irte5? c5tury "w ma9ly 9 ! ,romanesque "* ( ! figure draw+ & ornam5tal detail1 9 its delib]ately simple composition1 & 9 ! spontaneity ( its design4 ,! glazi] 0 /ill feel+ 8 way4 ,any composition to be f\nd 9 a ,byzant9e ivory-c>v+1 enamel1 illum9at$ manuscript1 or :at n1 might j z well occur 9 glass4 ,! m famili> types ( e>ly ,go?ic w9d[ design _h n yet settl$ d[n into or?odoxy4 ,! l9es on :i* ! olde/ w9d[s extant 7 set out are 9 ! ma9 ^? ( ! ?irte5? c5tury also4 ,!y 7 m or less sugge/$ by ! %ape ( ! w9d[ op5+1 :i*1 x w be se51 _h always _h a good deal to say z to ! direction glass design %\ld take4 ,illu/ration3 #eh4 ,,poiti]s4 ,! w9d[ op5+s 9 ,romanesque or ,norman-,fr5* *ur*es 7 s+le lights1 r\nd or po9t$ ar*$1 r broad 9 proportion to _! wid?4 ,/a9$ glass1 x has be5 expla9$1 has to be held 9 its place by copp] wires1 sold]$ to ! leadwork1 & atta*$ to iron b>s let into ! masonry = t purpose4 ,9 ! case ( a v n>r[ lancet1 su* b>s w\ld naturally be plac$ at conv5i5t int]vals across ! op5+4 ,b = ! mo/ "p w9d[s 7 ! rev]se ( n>r[1 & ! horizontal b>s _h to be supplem5t$ by v]tical /an*ions1 s t ! w9d[ space 0 divid$ into rectangul> divisions4 ,z a matt] ( con/ruction ! glass 0 made 9 panels1 correspond+ to ^!1 & atta*$ to !m4 ,x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t ^! divisions %\ld (t5 h be5 accept$ z "p ( ! design1 or t ! design ( ! glass %\ld to "s ext5t h foll[$ !m4 ,on page #aac is ! skeleton ( ! upp] "p ( a twelf? c5tury w9d[4 ,! /rong black l9es 9 ! diagram %[ ! b>s1 ! f9] ones indicate ! ma9 divisions ( ! design ( ! glass4 ,x w be se5 t ! f\r /rips into :i* ! upright b>s divide ! w9d[ are n equal1 b t ! out] divisions are n>r[] ?an ! inn]1 s z to accommodate !mselves to ! wid? ( ! bord]4 ,naturally t 0 det]m9$ always by ! proportion ( ! w9d[2 su* bord]s measur$ (t5 "o-six? "p1 or m1 ( ! entire wid?4 ,! way 9 :i* ! c5tral circul> %ape 9 ! glass breaks across 9 front ( ! bord] is an in/ance ( ! spontaneity & unexpect$ness ( design *>act]i/ic ( ! e>lie/ exi/+ "w2 lat] "o s]ies ( =ms w\ld repeat !mselves )\t int]ruption ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! w9d[4 ,:51 z above1 ! c5tre ( a w9d[ is occupi$ by a great crucifix1 or1 z bel[1 o!r su* irregul>ity occurs1 x is safe to conclude t ! glass1 if n prior to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 belongs to its fir/ ye>s4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! v e>ly date ( ! glass t ! b>s 9 ! diagrams giv5 d n g out ( _! way to foll[ ! outl9e ( ! circles1 vesicas1 quatrefoils1 & o!r %apes1 b on occasion cut rel5tlessly across !m4 ,illu/ration3 #ei4 ,,poiti]s ,,ea/ ,,w9d[4 7,comp>e ) #bd47 ,illu/ration3 #fj4 ,,poiti]s1 ,,nor? ,,transept4 ,! fill+ out ( su* a skeleton z ^? giv5 w\ld 9 _m respects be mu* ! same 9 ! elev5?1 twelf?1 or ?irte5? c5tury2 & 9 ea* case x w\ld be 9 direct pursuance ( ! traditions ( ,e>ly ,*ri/ian design4 ,y may see 9 ,byzant9e ivories & enamels precisely ! k9d ( ?+ t 0 done 9 glass2 & 9 ! ,romanesque ,mi*aelis ,kir*e at ,hilde%eim1 is a pa9t$ ro(1 ! design ( :i* might h be5 c>ri$ out1 j z x is1 9 a giant w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 #fa4 ,,bord]1 ,,ang]s4 ,illu/ration3 #fb4 ,,bord]1 ,,ang]s4 ,! ma9 divisions ( ! c5tre "p ( su* a w9d[ w\ld ea* conta9 its little subject or glass picture2 ! bord] & ! int]/ices betwe5 ! pictures w\ld be occupi$ ) foliat$ ornam5t2 only1 ! e>li] ! "w1 ! m pron\nc$ w\ld be ! ,romanesque "*1 alike ( ! ornam5t & ! figure "w4 ,! broad bord]s f ,ang]s1 above1 & ! n>r[] "o f ,le ,mans 7page #cbg7 diff] mat]ially f ! accept$ ?irte5? c5tury type 7page #aag74 ,witness h[ 9 ! ,ang]s glass ! /alks ( ! foliage frame little panels 9 ! bord]1 & h[ 9 ! ,le ,mans "w ! /alks take ! =m ( /raps1 patt]n$ ) pa9t$ ornam5t4 ,?is elaboration ( ! /alks ) pa9t$ zig-zag1 pe>lwork1 & s on1 is precisely ! k9d ( ?+ "o sees 9 ,byzant9e c>v+ & inlay4 ,! v e>ly sp&ril f ,ang]s1 bel[1 if n m>k$ly ,romanesque 9 "* is yet n ( ! di/9ctively ,e>ly ,go?ic type4 ,illu/ration3 #fc4 ,,ang]s4 ,! %ape ( ea* m$allion w\ld be emphasis$ by a s]ies ( col\r$ l9es or fillets fram+ x4 ,9 q e>ly "w ! broad] ( ^! w\ld be brok5 up into blocks ( alt]nat+ col\r2 !y w\ld be patt]n$ probably 7:i* 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury !y w\ld probably n be71 & altoge!r ! effect ( ! ornam5t w\ld be m jewell$4 ,"o ( ^! brok5 & patt]n$ m>g9s is %[n 9 ! vesica-%ap$ fram+ to ! figure on page #cg--;belong+1 by ! way1 to ! w9d[ giv5 9 skeleton on page #aad4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 twelf? & ?irte5? c5tury pictures is 9 ! l+]+ ( ,byzant9e traditions ( design 9 ! e>li] "w1 & 9 ! /rictly simple disposition ( ! figures en silh\ette aga9/ ! backgr\nd1 z well z 9 ! way ! drap]y is wrapp$ closely r\nd !m1 s t ! figure always expla9s itself4 ,!re is an expression & a g ab\t "s ( ! e>lie/ figures = :i* we look 9 va9 lat] 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! figures ( ! ,apo/les f ! ,asc5sion at ,le ,mans on page #cc are altoge!r m alive ?an ! ?irte5? c5tury bi%ops1 = example1 on page #bgf1 :o seem by comp>ison tame & altoge!r respectable4 ,a c]ta9 exagg]ation !re is1 no d\bt1 ab\t ! action ( ^! e>lie/ figures1 a c]ta9 brutality ( r5d]+1 z !re is also a c]ta9 b>b>ic quality 9 ! ornam5t1 &1 inde$1 9 ! :ole effect2 b ( its sup]lative ri*ness !re is no mann] ( d\bt4 ,"o is ev5 l$ to speculate1 :5 "o comp>es x ) lat] "w1 :e!r a c]ta9 b>b>ic "* ( design does n g to t unrivall$ brilliancy4 ,9 ! absolute glory ( ri* col\r ! v e>lie/ glass has nev] be5 equall$4 ,! advance ( glass pa9t+ 0 at ! co/ ( ?is1 p]haps b>b>ic1 quality4 ,illu/ration3 #fd4 ,,e>ly ,,ornam5t1 ,,salisbury4 ,9 ! e>lie/ w9d[s ! subjects 7 n inv>iably enclos$ 9 m$allions2 sometimes ! squ>e l9es ( ! b>s w\ld be accept$ z division en\gh2 ^! w\ld be fram$ ) l9es ( col\r1 & ! design ( ! portion ( ! w9d[ )9 ! bord] w\ld consi/ 7z occasionally at ,*>tres7 ( a s]ies ( squ>e subjects1 ea* ) its m>g9al l9es1 rang$ "o above ! o!r4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 h[ev]1 ! design ( ! e>lie/ ri*ly col\r$ w9d[s extant took ! %ape ( little pictures 9 panels or m$allions4 ,ano!r fav\rite s*eme 0 to del9eate ! ,tree ( ,jesse4 ,! upp] portion ( su* a w9d[ is giv5 on page #aag2 b fur!r consid]ation ( ,jesse w9d[s is res]v$ = a sep>ate *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 #fe4 ,s4 ,,remi1 ,,reims4 ,f ! e>lie/ p]iod1 no d\bt1 cl]e/ory or o!r lights 7 (t5 occupi$ ea* ) a sep>ate figure /&+ upright2 b su* ( ^! z may rema9 9 _! places are n readily di/+ui%able f ?irte5? c5tury "w2 & ! und\bt$ly e>li] figures--su*1 = example1 z ^? 9 ,s4 ,remi at ,reims--h be5 re-set 9 framework m or less old1 b s z n to tell u any?+ v au!ntic ab\t ! sett+ out ( ! orig9al w9d[s4 ,aga9 at ,augsburg1 :]e ! figures 9 ! cl]e/ory are said to be ! olde/ 9 ,g]many 7to belong1 9 fact1 to ab\t ! ye> #ajjj71 ! w9d[s are bord]$ ) mod]n glaz+ 9 :ite4 ,at ,reims we h v rudely drawn figures 9 ri* col\r aga9/ a deep backgr\nd1 /&+ ) splay$ feet ^u little r\nds or half r+s ( col\r1 repres5t+ ! e>?1 _! names inscrib$ 9 bold lett]+1 :i* =ms a b& ( yell[ beh9d _! heads4 ,at ,augsburg ! figures1 equally rude 9 draw+1 equally splay-foot$1 are 9 :ite & col\r ^u a :ite gr\nd4 ,!y /& ^u little hemisph]es ( ,byzant9e ornam5t1 & _! names are writ l>ge 9 black lett]s ^u ! :ite glass ar\nd _! heads4 ,presumably !y 7 fram$ 9 a bord] ( patt]n "w simil> to t surr\nd+ ! m$allion w9d[s4 ,! ornam5tal "w 9 ! w9d[s at ,s4 ,remi may n always h =m$ "p ( ! same w9d[ ) ! figure "w--x does n g v happily ) x n[--b x is probably ( ab\t ! same date2 & x illu/rates1 toge!r ) "s simil> "w at ,s4 ,d5is1 ne> ,p>is 7s ?or\ghly re/or$ z to h lo/ its hi/oric value71 a k9d ( patt]n "w peculi> to ! e>lie/ glass4 ,z a rule1 e>ly glass divides itself naturally into two classes3 "w 9 ri* col\r1 :i* is :at we h hi!rto be5 discuss+1 & "w 9 grisaille1 z x is call$2 t is to say1 9 :i* ! glass is *iefly :ite1 or :iti%1 reliev$ only "h & !re by a l9e or a jewel ( col\r4 ,occasionally1 z at ,aux]re1 ,reims1 & ,poiti]s1 ri* figure "w is f\nd set 9 grisaille or fram$ by x2 & 9 "s fragm5ts f ,*lons1 n[ at ! ,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs at ,p>is1 col\r$ figures are f\nd on a :ite gr\nd4 ,y f9d also 9 ,france ri* col\r-"w surr\nd$ by :ite glass--! "w ( a p]iod :5 ! p[]s t 7 became possess$ ( ! idea t !y mu/ light5 ! int]ior ( _! *ur*es1 & accord+ly remov$ s mu* ( ! col\r$ glass z seem$ good to _! ignorance1 & replac$ x ) pla9 glaz+4 ,b1 z a rule1 & ap>t f ! t9k]+ ( ! latt]-day ecclesia/ic1 ri* col\r & grisaille 7 kept ap>t 9 e>ly m$ival *ur*es2 t is to say1 a col\r$ w9d[ has n en\gh :ite 9 x p]ceptibly to affect ! dep? & ri*ness ( its col\r1 nor a grisaille w9d[ en\gh col\r to di/urb ! g5]al impression ( :ite light4 ,at ,reims & ,s4 ,d5is1 h[ev]1 y f9d ornam5t 9 :i* :ite & col\r are s ev5ly balanc$ t !y belong to nei!r category4 ,! am\nt ( col\r introduc$ into grisaille 0 nev] at any "t a fix$ quantity2 "o has to all[ some?+ = ! pr$ilection ( ! arti/2 b "h ! am\nt ( col\r makes itself s di/9ctly felt t ! t]m grisaille no long] s]ves to express x4 ,! design ( ^! patt]ns 0 ( a r me*anical type 7pages #ce1 #aah1 #abj7 & n 9 any case v int]e/+2 b x w\ld h be5 difficult "u any circum/ances to produce a v satisfactory effect by s equally balanc+ :ite & col\r4 ,! design] falls betwe5 two /ools4 ,! well-kn[n gryphon m$allions at ,s4 ,d5is seem at fir/ to promise some?+ r amus+ 9 design1 b !re is no v>iety 9 !m3--& no wond]6 ! great] numb] ( !m prove to be new1 & !y h all be5 re>rang$ by ,viollet le ,duc4 ,t is z mu* z to say1 "s ( ! gryphons are ( ,abbot ,sug]'s "t1 b ! design ( ! w9d[ is ,viollet le ,duc's4 ,:ite & col\r are aga9 too ev5ly mix$ 9 ! heavy-look+ ,engli% glass at ,l9coln %[n on page #aba1 b t is ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x ne$ h>dly be said t ! e>li] ! "w1 ! simpl] 0 ! "* ( ! pa9t+1 ! m delib]ately 0 pigm5t res]v$ = pa9t+ out ! light1 ! m /rictly 0 ! %ad+ 9 l9es4 ,b ! pa9t$ detail 0 (t5 small2 glass 0 us$ 9 small pieces2 subjects !mselves 7 ord9>ily small 9 scale4 ,! l>g5ess ( effect 0 due fir/ to ! actual simplicity ( ! ma9 l9es ( ! design1 & !n to bread? ( col\r1 a bread? ( col\r all ! m rem>kable see+ ! small pieces ( glass ( :i* ! broad surfaces 7 ( necessity made up4 ,( c\rse1 too1 ! e>li] ! "w ! m ! design 0 influ5c$ by ! te*nique ( glaz+1 ! m cle>ly x c be se5 h[ ! glazi] design$ 7z 0 expla9$ on page #dd7 9 lead l9es1 & only made use ( pa9t to fill !m out4 ,illu/ration3 #ff4 ,s4 ,,remi1 ,,reims4 ,9 twelf? c5tury glass ! :ite 0 gre5i% & r horny 9 texture2 ruby 0 sometimes /reaky1 & (t5 tawny or incl9$ to orange2 blue v>i$ f deep indigo to pale grey1 occasionally x 0 ( ! col\r ( turquoise2 yell[1 d>k or pale1 0 usually brassy2 gre5 rang$ f blui% to pale apple1 & f dull to em]ald4 ,^! col\rs1 ) a ri* br[ni%-purple1 ! light] %ades ( :i* s]v$ always z fle% t9t1 made up ! glazi]'s palette4 ,happily !re 0 consid]able inequality ( col\r 9 ! mat]ial4 ,x deep5$1 = example1 t[>ds ! selvage ( ! %eet :]e x 0 ?icke/2 x _h /reaks & bubbles 9 x2 no two bat*es ev] came out ( ! pot q alike2 & altoge!r ! rudely made pot-metal 0 *emically mo/ imp]fect & arti/ically all t glass %\ld be4 ,illu/ration3 #fg4 ,,l9coln4 ,x w\ld be ra% 9 ! extreme to =mulate any !ory z to e>ly s*emes ( col\r2 probably ! glazi]'s ma9 ?\ght 0 to get someh[ a deep1 ri*1 solemn effect ( col\r4 ,he secur$ ?is v (t5 by n confus+ 8 t9ts1 & by all[+ a s+le col\r s to pr$om9ate t ! w9d[ impress$ y at once z blui% or gre5i% or r$di% 9 tone4 ,he 0 on ! :ole happie/ :5 he kept 8 col\r cool2 b he produc$ also r$ w9d[s :i* are nev] to be =gott54 ,9 ! ca!dral at ,poiti]s1 :]e _m ( ! beautiful m$allion w9d[s belong to ! v e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ! s*eme is usually to adopt a blue backgr\nd1 alike = ! m$allions & = ! spaces betwe51 rely+ ^u a broad b& ( ruby1 edg$ ) :ite pe>l+1 to m>k ! m$allion %apes1 :i* x effectively does2 b ^! are n ! mo/ beautiful w9d[s 9 ! *ur*4 ,"o recognises _! date r by ! individuality & spontaneity ( ! design ?an by any di/9ctly ,romanesque "* 9 ! detail4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$1 also1 t at ,poiti]s1 ev5 9 w9d[s :i* seem n s emphatically to belong to ! v beg9n+ ( ! c5tury1 ! e>ly practice ( us+ only /raight upright & cross b>s is adh]$ to4 ,!re may be some?+ ( local cons]vatism 9 t4 ,illu/ration3 #fh4 ,,b>s ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,m$allion ,,w9d[s4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,m$allion ,,w9d[s4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! practice ( ! e>li] glazi]s /iff5$ into some?+ l a tradition1 & design took almo/ inevitably ! =m ( 7#a7 ! ,m$allion w9d[1 7#b7 ! ,s+le ,figure w9d[1 7#c7 ,ornam5tal ,grisaille4 ,! full-bl[n ?irte5? c5tury ,m$allion w9d[ diff]$ f :at _h gone be=e 9 t x 0 m or?odox4 ,! design] beg9s z be=e by m>k+ (f a broad bord] to 8 glass1 def9$ on ! inn] side by an iron b>1 & proce$s to fill ! space )9 ! bord] ) m$allion %apes4 ,b he n[ adapts ! m$allions m regul>ly to ! spaces betwe5 ! b>s4 ,at mo/ two alt]nat+ %apes occur ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! light1 )\t break or int]ruption1 su* z occurs 9 e>li] "w1 & z a rule !y keep /rictly )9 ! l9es ( ! bord]4 ,9 all ! n9e examples "h giv51 tak5 at r&om f ,*>tres1 ,b\rges1 ,cant]bury1 & else:]e1 only 9 "o case does a m$allion cut boldly across ! bord] 9 ! head ( ! light4 ,! slight ov]lapp+ ( ! quatrefoils 9 "o case is n really an ov]lapp+ ( ! bord] b only ( ! m>g9al l9es to x1 n %[n 9 ! diagram above1 b cle>ly en\gh expla9$ on page #acb1 :i* %[s ! completion ( a corn] ( ! w9d[1 less its side bord]4 ,9 ! w9d[ ) l>ge circul> m$allions divid$ into f\r1 !re is no upright b> to def9e ! bord]1 fa9tly indicat$ by a dott$ l9e4 ,illu/ration3 #fi4 ,,b>s ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,m$allion ,,w9d[s4 ,x w be se5 f ^! diagrams1 :i* illu/rate at once ! ma9 divisions ( ! glass & ! position ( ! ironwork1 :at a *ange came ov] ! con/ruction ( w9d[s 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! w9d[ is no long] rul$ (f by upright & horizontal b>s into panels into :i* ! design is fitt$2 x is ! b>s :i* are made to foll[ ! ma9 l9es ( ! design1 & to emphasise ! =ms ( ! m$allions4 ,! r>e exceptions to ?is rule 7z at ,b\rges1 ov]leaf7 may g5]ally be tak5 to betray ei!r ! beg9n+ or ! end ( ! p]iod2 b at ,poiti]s !y seem to h pass$ ?r\gh ! e>ly p]iod )\t ev] arriv+ at %ap$ b>s4 ,! e>ly glazi]1 x 0 said1 fir/ block$ out 8 design accord+ to 8 lead+2 "h he beg9s ) ! b>s4 ,! iron framework =ms1 itself1 9 _m ( ^! w9d[s1 a q satisfactory patt]n1 & "o :i* pr\dly ass]ts itself 9 ! f9i%$ w9d[4 ,! designs ( ! p]iod are n ( c\rse all equally +5i\s4 ,sometimes1 9 ord] to /r5g!n a circle or quatrefoil ( great size1 ! glazi]1 in/ead ( break+ up ! %ape ornam5tally z 0 ! rule1 m]ely supports x by cross b>s2 n only t1 b he accepts ! awkw>d %apes giv5 by !m z sep>ate picture spaces4 ,( ?is comes "o ( two evils3 ei!r he frames 8 little pictures ) suffici5t bord] l9es to keep !m di/9ct1 & s draws att5tion to ! %apes1 an att5tion !y d n des]ve2 or he has to accept ! b>s1 ) p]haps a fillet ( col\r1 z suffici5t frame1 :i* !y are n1 & 8 pictures run toge!r1 to ! bewild]m5t ( :oev] w\ld deciph] !m4 ,illu/ration3 #gj4 ,,sp&rils ,,( ,,m$allion ,,w9d[1 ,,b\rges4 ,x is matt] = regret t ! ,fr5* did n accept ! full %ape ( ev5 ! l>ge/ m$allion1 & fill x ) "o bold subject2 ov] & ov] aga9 "o feels t ! subjects 9 m$allion w9d[s are n only too small to be readable1 b s small t ! figures are out ( scale ) ! ornam5tal detail4 ,! scale ( ! *ur* has1 ( c\rse1 to be tak5 into acc\nt2 b ! ,fr5* *ur*es are big en\gh to w>rant figures ?rice ! size ( ^? :i* ord9>ily occur 9 m$allions4 ,9 our n>r[] ,e>ly ,engli% lancet w9d[s ! m$allions naturally came small4 ,to divide a w9d[ into ecc5tric divisions 7halves or qu>t]s ( circles1 quatrefoils1 & ! l7 & !n to take ^! awkw>d %apes z sep>ate picture frames1 is an ar*aic me?od ( design mu* 9 ne$ ( excuse4 ,! m reasonable ?+ to d w\ld h be5 to make use ( su* incomplete =ms only 9 "s second>y position1 & z framework = ornam5t1 or at lea/ q subsidi>y figures4 ,ap>t f %apes :i* are really only segm5ts ( m$allions1 ! only awkw>d m$allion %apes occurr+ 9 ,e>ly glass are ^? :i* are broad] ?an !y are high1 su* z occur1 = example1 at ,soissons4 ,^! h always ! uncom=table appe>ance ( hav+ be5 cru%$4 ,h[ ! iron skeleton ( a m$allion w9d[ is fill$ out ) lead$ glass2 h[ ! bord] & ! m$allion %apes are /r5g!n$ by b&s ( col\r2 h[ ! m$allions !mselves are occupi$ ) little figure subjects1 & h[ ! int]spaces are fill$ 9 ) ornam5t1 is indicat$ opposite & on pages #acb1 #cbe4 ,by way ( v>iation ^u ! monotony ( design1 ! design] w sometimes rev]se ! ord] ( ?+s4 ,at ,b\rges1 = example1 y w f9d ! c5tre ( a light devot$ to insignificant & un9t]e/+ ornam5t1 :il/ ! figure subjects are edg$ out into half quatrefoils at ! sides ( ! w9d[2 &1 aga91 at ,*>tres & ,le ,mans y may occasionally see ! pictures simil>ly ou/$ f _! natural position by r me*anical ornam5t4 ,"o c sympa?ise ) an arti/'s impati5ce ) ! too1 too regul> di/ribution ( ! /]eotyp$ m$allion w9d[4 ,!re is und\bt$ly a monotony ab\t x :i* ! design] is tempt$ to get rid ( at any price2 b consi/5cy is a heavy price to pay = ! slight relief af=d$ by ! treatm5t j describ$4 ,?is /riv+ aft] /rang5ess results n only 9 v ugly picture %apes--no "o w\ld delib]ately design su* a %ape z t :i* frames ! picture ( ! ,dream ( ,*>lemagne 7ov]leaf7--b x produces a v uncom=table impression ( p]v]sity4 ,x is q conceivable t ornam5t may be bett] wor? look+ at ?an "s pictures2 b a picture refuses to occupy ! subord9ate position2 x w n d z a frame to ornam5t4 ,!re is no occasion to illu/rate v fully ! design ( ,e>ly figure m$allions2 !y are (t5 ( v great int]e/1 hi/orical1 leg5d>y & human1 b !re is little v>iation 9 ! sy/em ( design4 ,! picture is ( ! simple/1 p]haps ! balde/1 k9d4 ,! figures1 z be=e /at$1 are cle>ly def9$ aga9/ a /rong backgr\nd1 usually blue or ruby2 a /rip or two ( col\r$ glass repres5ts ! e>? ^u :i* !y /&2 a turret or a gable tells y t ! sc5e is 9 a city2 a foliat$ sprig or two indicate t x is out ( doors1 a =e/1 p]haps2 a wav+ b& ( grey ornam5t ^u ! blue tells y t ! blue backgr\nd /&s = sky1 = ?is is a cl\d ^u x4 ,! extremely ornam5tal =m :i* conv5tional trees may assume is %[n 9 ,mr4 ,t4 ,m4 ,rooke's sket* f a m$allion at ,b\rges1 opposite4 ,9 ! m$allions f ,*>tres 7page #cbe7 are in/ances ( simpl] & less int]e/+ tree =ms1 & 9 ! upp] "p ( ! l>g] ( ! two1 a bank ( conv5tional cl\dwork4 ,explanatory inscriptions are sometimes introduc$ into ! backgr\nd1 z 9 ! dream ( ,*>lemagne 7above71 or 9 ! m>g9 ( ! m$allions1 z 9 ! ,cant]bury w9d[ on page #acb1 fulfill+ 9 ei!r case an ornam5tal z well z an elucidatory function4 ,illu/ration3 #ga4 ,,! ,,dream ,,( ,,*>lemagne1 ,,*>tres4 ,9 ! ,cant]bury glass x w be se5 ! figures are m cr[d$ ?an 9 ! ,fr5* "w illu/rat$4 ,?is is n a peculi>ity ( ,engli% glass1 b a m>k ( p]iod2 z a rule ! clump or compact gr\p ( p]sonages proclaims a lat] date ?an figures isolat$ aga9/ ! backgr\nd4 ,!re is no sur] sign ( v e>ly "w ?an ! obvi\s display ( ! figures aga9/ ! backgr\nd1 light aga9/ d>k or d>k aga9/ light4 ,ano!r indication ( ! date ( ! ,cant]bury figures is t _! drap]ies d n cl+ q s closely ab\t !m z 9 figures 7page #cc7 9 :i* ! ,byzant9e tradition is m pla9ly to be trac$4 ,!re is no mi/ak+ a m$allion w9d[1 ! type is fix$3 )9 a bord] ( foliat$ ornam5t a s]ies ( circles1 quatrefoils1 or o!r m$allion %apes1 = ! mo/ "p occupi$ by figure subjects on a r m9ute scale1 & betwe5 ^! ornam5t aga94 ,! bord] might be wid] or n>r[]1 accord+ to ! proportion ( ! w9d[1 ?\gh a wide bord] 0 r *>act]i/ic ( q e>ly glass4 ,a twelf? c5tury bord] 7,ang]s7 w sometimes measure m ?an a qu>t] ( ! entire wid? ( ! w9d[4 ,! bord]s f ,cant]bury1 ,bev]ley1 ,aux]re1 & ,*>tres 7ov]leaf7 are ( ! ?irte5?4 ,a bord] ( suffici5t dim5sions w sometimes include m$allion %apes z on pages #aae1 #cbe1 & ev5 occasionally little subject m$allions at int]vals1 or x may be half-circles1 ea* conta9+ a little figure2 b su* int]ruption ( ! runn+ bord] is r>e4 ,9 s f> z x c\nts aga9/ monotony x is to ! good4 ,illu/ration3 #gb4 ,,detail ,,f ,,an ,,e>ly ,,m$allion4 ,9 n>r[] w9d[s1 su* z m frequ5tly occur 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e1 z ! ,go?ic /yle ( ar*itecture supplant$ ! ,norman1 lancet lights took a *>act]i/ically tall & sl5d] %ape1 ! bord] 0 r$uc$ to less impos+ proportions1 z = example at ,bev]ley2--!re 0 no room = a wide frame to ! m$allions1 nor any fe>1 x may be add$1 t ^! %\ld be s l>ge z to require break+ up into segm5ts1 z 9 mu* ,fr5* glass1 or at ,cant]bury3 !re ! w9d[ op5+s1 z 0 to be expect$ ( a ,fr5* ar*itect1 are m *>act]i/ically ,norman ?an ,engli% 9 proportion4 ,9 a v n>r[ light 9 ! "o-"t ca!dral at ,c>cassonne ! m$allions break 9 front ( a n v wide bord]2 b !n ?is1 ?\gh a m$allion w9d[1 belongs probably by date to ! ,second ,go?ic p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 #gc4 ,,cant]bury4 ,m$allions !mselves may be simple or fanta/ic 9 %ape4 ,!y may be devot$ ea* to a s+le picture1 or subdivid$ into a s]ies ( f\r or five2 !y may be closely pack$1 & support$ by segm5ts ( o!r m$allions1 also devot$ to figure "w1 or !y may be sep>at$ by consid]able int]vals ( ornam5t4 ,! "* ( t ornam5t takes two di/9ct =ms4 ,illu/ration3 #gd4 ,,bev]ley ,,m9/]4 ,9 ! examples giv5 7pages #acb1 #cbe7 x takes ! =m ( foliat$ scrollwork1 v mu* ( a piece ) ! ornam5t 9 ! bord]s1 except t !re is m scope = its gr[?4 ,9 actual detail x v>ies1 accord+ to its date & :]eab\ts1 f some?+ v mu* l ,romanesque /rapwork to ! m or less trefoil$ foliage typical ( ,e>ly ,go?ic ornam5t1 :e!r ,fr5* or ,engli%4 ,fur!r examples ( ! la/ are %[n 9 ! bord]s f ,aux]re & ,*>tres 7page #cbh74 ,! "o f ,*>tres illu/rates ! transition f ! ,romanesque2 x is int]m$iate betwe5 ! two4 ,! bord]s f ,s4 ,kunib]t's1 ,cologne1 are q ,romanesque 9 "*1 ?\gh !y are ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 b !n x has to be rememb]$ t ! ,romanesque /yle ( ar*itecture 0 fl\ri%+ on ! ,rh9e long aft] ! ,go?ic /yle _h develop$ itself 9 ,france & ,engl&4 ,_m ( ! details f ,cant]bury--:i*1 by-!-bye1 are almo/ id5tical ) contempor>y ,fr5* ornam5t--%[ a l+]+ influ5ce ( ! pre-,go?ic p]iod1 b ! scroll occupy+ ! sp&ril on page #acb is pron\nc$ly ( ,e>ly ,go?ic type4 ,( mu* ! same "* is ! detail f ,salisbury on page #aag1 :i* =ms no "p ( a m$allion w9d[1 b m likely ( a tree ( ,jesse4 ,illu/ration3 #ge4 ,,aux]re4 ,illu/ration3 #gf4 ,,*>tres4 ,x 0 9 ?is ornam5tal k9d ( design t ! ?irte5? c5tury glazi]s 7 mo/ conspicu\sly successful4 ,"o no long] feels "h1 z "o does ) reg>d to _! figure "w1 t !y mean mu* bett] ?an _! p[]s enable !m to d4 ,& x is ) scroll]y ( ?is k9d1 ei!r gr[+ free or spr++ f ! m>g9 ( ! m$allion1 t ! ,e>ly ,engli% design]s occupi$ ! int]vals betwe5 ! m$allions 9 _! w9d[s4 ,9 ,france x became ! common] practice to sub/itute = x a diap] ( geometric patt]n4 ,o!r exp$i5ts 7 occasionally adopt$4 ,!re is a w9d[ at ,s4 ,d5is 9 :i* !re is foliat$ scrollwork on a backgr\nd ( geometric diap]1 al?\gh ?is la/ is s mu* re/or$ t1 = all "o c tell1 ,viollet le ,duc may be entirely responsible = x4 ,illu/ration3 #gg4 ,s4 ,,kunib]t1 ,,cologne4 ,illu/ration3 #gh4 ,,fr5* ,,mosaic ,,diap]s4 ,at ,soissons is a w9d[ 9 :i* ! int]spaces betwe5 ! m$allions are fill$ ) deep blue1 brok5 only "h & !re by a spot ( ruby2 at ,poiti]s also ! ornam5t 9 sp&rils is (t5 j a quatrefoil or s1 b>ely foliat$1 if at all2 at ,b\rges !re is an in/ance ( sp&rils 7page #abe7 occupi$ by b>e curl+ /alks & rosette-l fl[]s2 at ,poiti]s ! b&s :i* frame ! m$allions h a way ( int]lac+1 n 9 ! simple fa%ion %[n 9 ! example f ,cant]bury bel[1 b s z to =m a k9d ( patt]n 9 ! sp&rils 9 front ( ! geometric fill+2 & !re are o!r v>iations on ! accu/om$ m$allion tunes2 b z a rule ! ornam5t consi/s ei!r ( ! usual ,e>ly ,go?ic foliation1 closely ak9 to t 9 ! bord]s1 su* z is %[n on pages #abi1 #acj1 #cbh1 #ccj1 or ( geometric patt]n1 su* z is "h giv54 ,! r>ity ( ! mosaic diap] 9 ?is c\ntry may be ga!r$ f ! fact t 9 ! :ole s]ies ( ,e>ly m$allion w9d[s at ,cant]bury x is f\nd only once1 its frequ5cy 9 ,france f ! fact t 9 ! *oir alone ( ,b\rges ,ca!dral x occurs 9 no less ?an tw5ty-two in/ances2 aga9 at ,*>tres1 out ( tw5ty-sev5 great w9d[s1 n m ?an f\r h scrollwork2 at ,poiti]s1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is little geometric diap]1 b ! ornam5t is ( ! simple/1 & b>ely foliat$4 ,?is device ( geometric diap]-fill+ 0 possibly inspir$ by ! idea ( utilis+ ! small *ips ( preci\s glass1 :i*1 ) ! !n me?od ( work+1 mu/ h accumulat$ 9 great quantity4 ,9 any case1 x mu/ h be5 enc\rag$ by t consid]ation1 if n actually sugge/$ by x4 ,ap>t f economy1 :i* is a condition ( craftsmanlike "w1 !re does seem a sort ( arti/ic logic 9 ! use ( m]ely geometric design = q subord9ate fill+1 to act z a foil to figure "w2 b !re 0 no occasion to put ! mosaic ( fragm5ts q s regul>ly1 n to say me*anically1 toge!r1 z 0 ! cu/om to d4 ,illu/ration3 #gi4 ,,cant]bury4 ,illu/ration3 #hj4 ,,fr5* ,,mosaic ,,diap]s4 ,illu/ration3 #ha4 ,,detail ,,( ,,m$allion ,,w9d[1 ,,cant]bury4 ,illu/ration3 #hb4 ,,fr5* ,,mosaic ,,diap]4 ,t is %[n 9 a r unusual in/ance 9 a w9d[ ( ! ,l[] ,*ur* at ,assisi2 !re occurs !re a diap] ( circles ) blue int]/ices1 :]e ! circles1 ?\gh all alike pa9t$ ) a /> patt]n1 v>y 9 col\r 9 a seem+ly accid5tal way1 & are r$1 yell[1 gre51 br[n1 j z x took ! fancy ( ! glazi]4 ,x foll[s inevitably f ! small scale on :i* ^! patt]ns are set out1 & f ! radiation ( ! col\r$ light1 t unless v great discretion is ex]cis$ ! rays get mix$1 ) a result :i* is (t5 ! rev]se ( pleas+4 ,& ! wor/ ( x 0 t ! ,fr5* glazi]s p>ticul>ly affection$ a comb9ation ( r$ & blue mo/ difficult to manage4 ,a v fav\rite patt]n consi/$ ( cross b&s ( ruby 7z above71 enclos+ squ>es or diamonds ( blue1 ) dots ( :ite at ! int]section ( ! ruby b&s1 :i* p]si/s always 9 runn+ to purple4 ,in/ances ( ?is unpleasant ca/ ( col\r are ( cont9ual occurr5ce1 b !y are nev] o!rwise ?an crude & plummy 9 effect4 ,! r unusual comb9ation ( r$ & gre5 mosaic diap] occurs1 h[ev]1 pretty frequ5tly at ,c>cassonne4 ,! diap]s illu/rat$ indicate ! v>iety ( geometric patt]n to be f\nd at ,b\rges1 ,*>tres1 ,le ,mans1 & ,notre ,dame at ,p>is1 & else:]e4 ,9 proportion z !re is 9 !m a prepond]ance ( blue & ruby ! effect is t ( an aggressive purple4 ,! safe/ plan seems to be 9 associat+ ) ! blue pl5ty ( gre51 or ) ! ruby pl5ty ( yell[ glass2 or a simil> result may be obta9$ by ! *oice ( a deep neutral blue & ( an orange %ade ( r$1 tak+ c>e always t ! two contra/+ col\rs %all n be ( any?+ l equal /r5g?4 ,at ! be/ ^! diap]s comp>e v unfav\rably ) scrollwork4 ,!y are1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 m monoton\s & less int]e/+ ?an a gr[? ( foliage2 !y are apt also to run to gaudy col\r1 :i* by its mass ov]p[]s ! pictures set 9 x4 ,comp>e1 9 any ,fr5* *ur*1 ! w9d[s 9 :i* !re is geometric mosaic & ^? 9 :i* !re is scrollwork2 &1 ?\gh !y may be all ( ! same p]iod1 & presumably ! "w ( ! same m51 y w almo/ c]ta9ly h to m>vel h[ arti/s :o at "o mom5t hold y spellb\nd by ! magic ( _! col\r c 9 ! next di/urb y\r eyesight ) a gl>e ( purple produc$ by ! p>ody ( a ,scot* plaid4 ,_m ( ^! diap]s are v m9ute 9 scale2 ! small] ! scale on :i* !y are design$ ! great] ! c]ta9ty ( ! col\rs runn+ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 #hc4 ,s4 ,,pet] ,,deliv]$ ,,f ,,prison1 ,,lyons4 ,x is to ! v small scale ( ! figures1 also1 t ! confusion ( effect 9 m$allion subjects1 9 spite ( _! comp>atively flat treatm5t1 is to be attribut$4 ,at ,b\rges1 at ,cant]bury1 ev]y:]e1 ! m$allion subjects are on f> too m9ute a scale to be made out by mortals ( ord9>y pati5ce1 or1 to speak accurately1 impati5ce4 ,(t51 ev5 9 w9d[s :i* come close en\gh to ! eye = /udy1 x is only ! m conv5tionally famili> pictures :i* expla9 !mselves readily2 & ^? y recognise almo/ by anticipation4 ,y h no difficulty 9 deciph]+ ! ,nativity1 ! ,crucifixion1 ! ,asc5sion1 & s on1 because y expect to f9d !m4 ,a c]ta9 muddle ( effect mu/ be accept$ z *>act]i/ic ( m$allion w9d[s4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 t1 consid]+ ! difficulty ( mak+ out ! ord9>y m$allion subjects 9 ! l[] w9d[s1 :]e !y are usually f\nd1 "s o!r s*eme ( composition %\ld h be5 adopt$ = cl]e/ory w9d[s :]e ^? w\ld h be5 m ?an ev] un9telligible4 ,accord+ly1 9 t position1 ! s+le figure treatm5t 0 adopt$1 & c>ri$ fur!r ?an 9 ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,! figure 0 n[1 n = ! fir/ "t1 b m inv>iably1 enclos$ 9 some?+ l an ar*itectural ni*e--a practice borr[$ f ! sculptor1 :o habitually protect$ ! c>v$ figures enri*+ ! portals ( great *ur*es by a project+ canopy1 giv+ !m at ! same "t a p$e/al or base ( "s k9d to /& ^u4 ,9 glass !re 0 cle>ly no occasion = su* ar*itectural %elt] or support2 b ! pret5d$ ni*e & base (f]$ a means ( occupy+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! space )9 ! bord]1 :i*1 )\t "s additional ornam5t1 w\ld (t5 h be5 too long 9 proportion to ! figure1 ! m]e b& ( inscription "u its feet n be+ en\gh to fill out ! l5g?4 ,^! v rudim5t>y canopies1 specim5s ( :i* are giv5 "h1 are usually v insignificant4 ,x takes sometimes an exp]t to realise t ! brok5 col\r ab\t ! head ( ! sa9t 7page #df7 /&s = ar*itecture4 ,! =ms1 :5 y come to look at !m closely1 may be ugly z well z *ildi%1 b !y g = s little t x seems h>dly wor? :ile to take exception to !m4 ,x is only z indication ( a practice 7lat] to be c>ri$ to absurd excess7 ( mak+ %ift ) %am ar*itecture = ! ornam5tal sett+ necess>y to br+ ! figure into relation & into proportion ) ! w9d[ x is to occupy1 t ! device ( ?us en%r9+ a figure z yet des]ves att5tion4 ,z ! beg9n+ ( canopy "w 9 glass x m>ks a v ev5tful dep>ture 9 design4 ,all t ne$ "h be said ab\t ! ,e>ly ,go?ic canopy is t x w\ld h be5 easy to h devis$ decorative =ms at once m frankly ornam5tal1 m int]e/+ 9 !mselves1 & m beautiful1 n to say less sugge/ive ( a *ild's build+ ) a box ( bricks4 ,illu/ration3 #hd4 ,,lyons4 ,sometimes1 z at ,*>tres & else:]e1 ! base ( ! canopy w\ld itself take ! =m ( a little subord9ate ni*e enclos+ a figure 9 small ( ! ,donor1 or p]haps only ( 8 %ield ( arms4 ,sometimes x w\ld take ! =m ( a panel ( inscription1 boldly lead$ 9 yell[ lett]s ^u blue or ruby4 ,an alt]native idea 0 to repres5t ! ,sa9ts1 or o!r holy p]sonages1 sitt+4 ,! figure on page #ace belongs actually to ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 b1 except = a slightly m naturali/ic "* 9 ! draw+ ( ! drap]y1 x might almo/ h belong$ to ! same p]iod z ! /&+ figure on page #df4 ,9 long] lights two sa9ts are (t5 figur$1 sitt+ "o above ! o!r4 ,?is may be se5 9 ! cl]e/ory at ,cant]bury2 b ! effect is usually less satisfactory ?an t ( ! s+le figure on a l>g] scale4 ,! /&+ position is also mu* bett] suit$ to ! =e%ort5$ view :i* "o necess>ily gets ( cl]e/ory w9d[s4 ,a curi\s v>iation ^u ! ord9>y !me occurs 9 f\r ( ! huge lancets 9 ! s\? transept at ,*>tres1 :]e ! ,major ,prophets are repres5t$ ea* be>+ on 8 %\ld]s an ,evangeli/4 ,! same idea recurs at ,notre ,dame1 ,p>is1 "u ! s\? rose4 ,t is all v well 9 idea--iconographically x is only "r t ! ,old ,te/am5t %\ld uphold ! ,new--b r$uc$ to picture x is absurd1 especially z ! ,evangeli/s are drawn to a small] scale ?an ! ,prophets1 & irresi/ibly sugge/ boys hav+ a ride ^u _! fa!rs' %\ld]s4 ,dignity ( effect !re c be none4 ,n n[ = ! fir/ "t1 seem+ly1 is art sacrific$ to :at we call ! lit]>y idea4 ,x %akes "o's fai? some:at 9 ! s9c]ity ( ! e>ly m$ival arti/ to f9d t 9 ! s]ri$ ranks ( ,k+s1 ,prophets1 ,bi%ops1 & o!r holy m51 keep+ gu>d ov] ! *ur* 9 ! cl]e/ory lights1 "o figure (t5 does duty = a v>iety ( p]sonages1 ! col\r only1 & p]haps ! face1 be+ *ang$4 ,at ,reims !re are z _m z six 9 a r[1 all precisely ( ! same patt]n1 ?\gh ! fraud may n be detect$ until "o exam9es !m f ! tri=ium gall]y4 ,at ,lyons1 aga91 x looks z if ! same ?+ occurr$2 b "o _c get ne> en\gh to !m to be q c]ta94 ,none ! less !y are f9e 9 col\r4 ,?irte5? c5tury glass 0 capable ( great ?+s 9 ! way ( col\r2 & ! r[s ( ,k+s & ,prophets look+ d[n ^u y f ! cl]e/ory ( a great *ur* l ,b\rges1 ar*aic ?\gh ! draw+ be1 are truly solemn & impos+4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,e>ly ,,grisaille4 ,) grisaille glass beg9s a new *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( glass pa9t+1 & a mo/ important "o--n only because ( ! beautiful "w :i* 0 done f ! fir/ 9 :ite1 b also because col\r$ glass grew1 s to speak1 always t[>ds ! light4 ,illu/ration3 #he4 ,s4 ,,s]ge1 ,,ang]s4 ,! fir/ col\r$ w9d[s 7 int5se 9 col\r1 ri*1 & ev5 heavy4 ,! note !y /ruck 0 deep1 solemn1 suit$ to ! *ur* & to ! times4 ,nei!r prie/ nor p>i%ion] 0 afraid to sacrifice a c]ta9 am\nt ( light4 ,x 0 ! bus9ess ( a w9d[ to %ut 9 ^? t wor%ipp$ f ! out] _w1 & wrap !m 9 my/]i\s & beautiful gloom4 ,) o!r days1 h[ev]1 came o!r ideals4 ,z "t w5t on1 & m5 em]g$ f ! d>k ages1 ! problem ( ! glazi] 0 h[ m & m to light5 8 glass2 until at la/ :ite glass pr$om9at$1 & ! "q 0 h[ to introduce col\r into x4 ,mean:ile ! ?irte5? c5tury glazi]s resort$1 :]e !y want$ light1 to ! use ( w9d[s 9 grisaille1 9 absolute contra/ to ! ri* picture-glass 9 ! same *ur*4 ,! model = grisaille design 0 readily f\nd 9 ! e>li] patt]n "w 9 pla9 glaz+4 ,illu/ration3 #hf4 ,s4 ,,s]ge1 ,,ang]s4 ,illu/ration3 #hg4 ,s4 ,,jean-,,aux-,,bois4 ,?is la/ nev] q w5t out ( use4 ,b already 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & probably 9 ! twelf?1 x began to be supplem5t$1 = ! mo/ "p1 by pa9t+4 ,! exceptionally graceful "w at ,s4 ,s]ge1 ,ang]s1 = example1 on ?is page & ! la/1 is probably n v mu* lat] ?an ! ye> #abjj4 ,y c see at a glance h[ ?is is only a c>ry+ fur!r ( ! unpa9t$ "w 9 ! same *ur* 7page #bg7 attribut$ to ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!re may be f\nd inde$ amid/ ! pla9 glaz+ scraps ( pa9t$ "w2 b !y nev] happ5 to fit1 & h pretty c]ta9ly f\nd _! way into ! w9d[ 9 c\rse ( repairs4 ,! unpa9t$ w9d[ seems to be ( gre5] & m silv]y glass ?an ! pa9t$1 to :i* p]haps ! cross-hat*+ gives a r horny look4 ,! "o way ( pa9t+ grisaille 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury 0 to trace ! design 7:i* ( c\rse foll[$ ! traditional l9es7 boldly ^u ! :ite glass1 & !n to cross-hat* ! gr\nd1 m or less delicately accord+ to ! scale ( ! "w & its di/ance f ! eye1 z "h %[n4 ,by ?is means ! patt]n 0 made to /& out cle> & light aga9/ ! backgr\nd1 :i* _h n[ ! value ( a t9t1 only a mu* m brilliant "o ?an c\ld h be5 got by a film or wa% ( col\r4 ,v occasionally a feature1 su* z ! gr\p ( f\r cr[ns :i* =m ! c5tre ( ! circle1 above1 might be emphasis$ by fill+ 9 ! gr\nd ab\t !m 9 solid pigm5t2 b t 0 nev] done to any l>ge ext5t4 ,! rule 0 always to cross-hat* ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 #hh4 ,s4 ,,jean-,,aux-,,bois4 ,illu/ration3 #hi4 ,,soissons4 ,) ! introduction ( col\r into grisaille comes always ! "q z to h[ mu* or h[ little ( x !re %all be4 ,!re is a good deal ( ,e>ly ,fr5* "w1 :i*1 on ! face ( x1 0 design$ fir/ z a sort ( /rapwork ( int]lac+ b&s 9 pla9 glaz+1 & !n fur!r enri*$ ) pa9t$ "w1 n gr[+ f x1 except by way ( exception4 ,?is is se5 9 ! example "h giv54 ,! pa9t] indulg$ 9 slight modifications ( detail z he w5t on4 ,he _h a model :i* he copi$ m or less ?r\gh\t ! w9d[2 b he all[$ himself ! lib]ty ( play+ v>iations1 & he ev5 dep>t$ f x at times4 ,by ?is means he adapt$ himself to ! glass1 :i* did n always take j ! same l9es1 & at ! same "t he amus$ himself1 & u1 m ?an if he _h multipli$ "o patt]n ) monoton\s precision4 ,8 pa9t+ 0 /rong en\gh to keep ! leads 9 c\nt5ance2 t is to say1 8 ma9 outl9es w\ld be z ?ick 7see opposite7 z lead l9es4 ,illu/ration3 #ij4 ,,e>ly ,,detail4 ,patt]ns su* z ^? on pages #ach1 #aci1 & bel[1 f ,soissons1 ,reims1 ,s4 ,jean-aux-,bois1 w\ld make good glaz$ w9d[s ap>t f ! pa9t+ on !m4 ,inde$1 ! pa9t+ is !re comp>atively insignificant 9 design4 ,9 ! ,soissons "w1 9 p>ticul>1 x consi/s ( little m ?an cross-hat*+ ^u ! backgr\nd1 to ?r[ up ! int]lac+ ( ! glaz$ b&s2 =1 ) ! exception ( j a t\* ( col\r 9 ! "o opposite1 ^! designs are execut$ entirely 9 :ite glass4 ,! geometric glaz+ %apes s completely convey ! design1 t ! pa9t$ detail might almo/ be an aft]-?\ght4 ,illu/ration3 #ia4 ,,soissons4 ,illu/ration3 #ib4 ,,reims4 ,illu/ration3 #ic4 ,,l9coln4 ,illu/ration3 #id4 ,,wat] ,,p]ry1 ,,oxon4 ,9 mu* ( ! e>lie/ grisaille !re is absolutely no col\r b ! gre5i% hue belong+ to :at we are agre$ to call :ite glass1 & ! effect ( x is inv>iably s satisfactory z to %[ t col\r is by no means indisp5sable4 ,&1 at all ev5ts 9 ,france1 ! col\r 0 at fir/ v sp>+ly us$1 except 9 ^? twelf? c5tury patt]ns 7pages #ce1 #aah1 #abj7 :i* _c fairly be call$ grisaille4 ,9 ! w9d[ on page #acg ! col\r is1 practically speak+1 enclos$ 9 small spaces +5i\sly contriv$ betwe5 ! int]lac+ b&s ( :ite2 9 t on page #ach x is introduc$ 9 half r+s1 :i* =m "p ( ! m>g9al l9e1 & 9 spots or jewels2 b 9 ei!r case !re is little ( x1 & x is mo/ judici\sly introduc$4 ,! int]lac+ ( b&s ( pla9 :ite ^u a gr\nd ( cross-hat*+1 itself enri*$ ) scrollwork cle> ^u x1 is *>act]i/ically ,fr5*4 ,simil> b&s ( :ite occur1 ?\gh n int]lac+1 9 ! comp>atively clumsy panel f ,l9coln 7above71 b ! m usual ,engli% way 0 to make ! b&s ( :ite broad]1 & to pa9t a patt]n ^u !m1 z 9 ! lancet f ,wat] ,p]ry1 ,ox=d%ire 7opposite71 or 9 ! mu* m satisfactory light f ,l9coln 7ov]leaf71 leav+ only a m>g9 ( cle> glass next ! cross-hat*$ backgr\nd4 ,a simil> k9d ( ?+ occurs 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,pi]re at ,*>tres 7bel[74 ,a yet m usual plan ) u 0 to make ! /rapwork 9 col\r1 z at ,salisbury4 ,9 ! patt]ns on ?is page ! /raps d n int]lace4 ,9 t on page #adc !y n only int]lace "o ) ! o!r1 b ! pa9t$ ornam5t1 :i* n[ takes ! =m ( m elaborate scrollwork ?an h]et(ore1 is int]tw9$ ) !m4 ,?is is an extremely good example ( ,e>ly ,engli% grisaille4 ,altoge!r ,salisbury ,ca!dral is ri* 9 :ite glass w9d[s ( ?is p]iod 7pages #adc1 #adh1 #cbi1 #ccb74 ,illu/ration3 #ie4 ,,l9coln4 ,illu/ration3 #if4 ,s4 ,,pi]re1 ,,*>tres4 ,! grisaille 9 ! cl]e/ory at ,b\rges is simil> to ! ,salisbury "w1 b x is n possible to get ne> en\gh to x to make c>eful comp>ison4 ,! scrollwork on page #adc may be pr(itably comp>$ ) ! v unusual :ite w9d[ at ,s4 ,jean-aux-,bois 7ov]leaf74 ,!re ! design consi/s altoge!r ( scrolls 9 :ite ^u a cross-hat*$ gr\nd4 ,x is z if ! design] _h set out to glaze up a patt]n 9 :ite ^u a :ite gr\nd1 cross-hat*$4 ,b x is obvi\s t1 z !re is no *ange ( col\r1 x 0 no long] necess>y always to cut ! ornam5t out ( a sep>ate piece ( glass f ! gr\nd4 ,we f9d consequ5tly t1 :]ev] x is conv5i5t1 a pa9t$ l9e is us$ to save lead+4 ,t1 x has be5 already expla9$ 7page #bd71 0 a practice f ! fir/2 & x 0 resort$ to m & m4 ,x came 9 v conv5i5tly 9 ! ,fr5* w9d[s1 9 :i* ! design consi/$ l>gely ( :ite /rapwork4 ,x 0 adopt$ 9 ! example f ,*lons "h giv51 ?\gh x does n appe> 9 ! sket*1 any m ?an x does 9 ! glass until y exam9e x v c>efully4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! sket*es f ! great cl]e/ory w9d[ f ,reims ,ca!dral 7ov]leaf71 & 9 ! small] "o f ,s4 ,jean-aux-,bois 7fac+ x71 ! economy ( glaz+ is easy to p]ceive2 :il/ 9 t f ,c\tances 7page #adg7 ! glazi] is already s sp>+ ( 8 leads t !y no long] always foll[ or def9e ! ma9 l9es ( ! patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 #ig4 ,,grisaille1 ,,salisbury ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 #ih4 ,,*,,lons4 ,9 a rem>kable w9d[ 9 ! *oir ( ,*>tres ,ca!dral 7page #aej7 ! design includes int]lac+ b&s bo? ( :ite & col\r1 ! col\r$ ones flank$ ) /rips ( :ite2 b ! :ite b&s are n glaz$ sep>ately4 ,!y are ?r\gh\t includ$ 9 ! same piece ( glass z ! cross-hat*+1 :i* def9es !m4 ,?is +5i\s & v graceful patt]n w9d[ is /ill ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ?\gh cle>ly ( mu* lat] date ?an1 = example1 ! w9d[s ( ,s4 ,jean-aux-,bois1 :i* might inde$ almo/ belong to ! twelf?4 ,illu/ration3 #ii4 ,,cl]e/ory1 ,,reims4 ,9 sev]al ( ! ,salisbury w9d[s 7pages #adh1 #chf7 ?9 /raps ( col\r are b\nd$ on ! out] side by broad] b&s ( :ite pa9t$ ) patt]n4 ,& "h x %\ld be notic$ ! b&s no long] int]lace at all2 on ! contr>y1 ! ornam5tal =ms are sup]pos$ "o ^u ! o!r4 ,?is is v m>k$ly ! case on page #adh4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! light is a s]ies ( circul> discs1 & at ! sides ( ^! a r[ ( zig-zags1 :i*1 z x 71 disappe> beh9d !m1 :il/ at ! edges ( ! w9d[1 aga91 is an array ( segm5ts ( small] circles los+ !mselves beh9d ^!4 ,9 su* cases1 x w be se51 ! broad :ite b&s fulfil ! v useful purpose ( keep+ ! col\r$ l9es ap>t1 & sep>at+ "o s]ies ( %apes f ! o!r4 ,9 ?is w9d[1 z 9 ! n>r[ light on page #chf1 :]e ! vesica %ape is occupi$ once m ) fl[+ scrollwork1 & z 9 all b "o ( ! w9d[s on t page1 ! backgr\nd ( cross-hat*+ is = ! fir/ "t omitt$1 & ! p5cill$ patt]n is by s mu* ! less effective4 ,z a rule1 patt]ns trac$ 9 m]e outl9e l ?is belong to a lat] date2 b ^! w9d[s are c]ta9ly ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x is seldom safe to say t ?is or t practice belong$ exclusively to any "o p]iod4 ,! :ite glass on page #cce1 almo/ entirely )\t pa9t1 might h be5 execut$ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 b its bord] indicates m likely ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5?4 ,q ! simple/ =m ( glaz+ 0 to lead ! glass toge!r 9 squ>es or diamonds4 ,^! qu>ries1 z !y are call$ 7f ! ,fr5* c>r7 are associat$ sometimes ) rosettes & b&s ( o!r patt]n "w1 z at ,l9coln 7pages #bhd1 #bhg72 b m ord9>ily ! ornam5tal "p ( ! w9d[ is made up entirely ( !m4 ,qu>ry is a t]m to be rememb]$4 ,x plays 9 ! next c5tury an important "p 9 ! design ( w9d[s4 ,illu/ration3 #ajj4 ,s4 ,,jean-,,aux-,,bois4 ,! be/-kn[n grisaille w9d[s 9 ,engl& are ! fam\s gr\p ( long lancets1 end+ ! nor? transept ( ,york ,m9/]1 :i* are kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,five ,si/]s4 ,y rememb] ! leg5d ab\t !m4 ,! inimitable ,boz relates x at l5g? 9 ,ni*olas ,nickleby2 b x is nons5se1 all ! same4 ,! /ory tells h[ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ! ,f\r? five maid5 ladies work$ ! designs 9 embroid]y1 & s5t !m abroad to be c>ri$ out 9 glass4 ,b1 z x happ5s1 !y belong to ! latt] "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 !y are unmi/akably ,engli% "w2 &1 :at is m1 no woman1 maid51 wife1 or wid[1 ev] _h1 or c\ld h _h1 a h& 9 _! design4 ,_! au?or%ip is writt5 on ! face ( !m4 ,e l9e 9 _! composition %[s !m to be ! "w ( a /rong man1 & a practical glazi]1 :o work$ accord+ to ! traditions t _h come d[n to him4 ,a design] recognises 9 x a man :o knew 8 trade1 & knew x ?or\ghly4 ,! notion t any glazi] ev] work$ f an embroid]$ design is too absurd4 ,z well might ! ne$lewoman g to ! glazi] to design h] /it*]y4 ,b su* is ! popul> ignorance ( workman%ip1 & ( its intimate connection ) design1 t no d\bt ! v]g]s w g on repeat+ _! apocryphal tale z long z v]g]s cont9ue to fill ! (fice ( p]sonal conductors4 ,illu/ration3 #aja4 ,,c\tances4 ,! ,five ,si/]s are r loos] & fre] 9 design ?an ! ,salisbury glass1 & h broad bord]s ( :ite4 ,9 detail !y are c]ta9ly n sup]ior to t1 nor 9 g5]al design1 s f> z "o c make x out at all2 b1 f _! v size & position1 !y produce a mu* m impos+ effect4 ,:oev] is n impress$ by ! ,five ,si/]s is n likely ev] to be mov$ by grisaille4 ,!y =m "o huge fivefold scre5 ( silv]y glass4 ,! patt]ns are only ) great difficulty to be deciph]$4 ,x is ) ^! z ) _m o!rs ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ w9d[s 9 grisaille2 ! glass is corrod$ on ! surface1 black ) ! dirt & li*5 ( ages1 crack$ & cross$ ) leads introduc$ by ! repair+ glazi]1 until ! design is ab\t z intelligible z w\ld be a conglom]ation ( huge spid]s' webs4 ,b1 = all t1 nay1 p>tly because ( x1 x is a ?+ ( absolute beauty1 z beautiful z a spid]'s web1 bead$ ) dewdrops1 gli/5+ 9 ! sun on a fro/y w9t]'s morn+4 ,x is a dream ( silv]y light3 :o c>es = details ( design8 ,b x is all ?is1 because x 0 design$1 because x 0 plann$ by a glazi] = glaz+1 & has all t gives glass its *>m4 ,illu/ration3 #ajb4 ,,grisaille1 ,,salisbury ,,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 #ajc4 ,,*>tres ,,ca!dral4 ,/a9$ glass1 l ! m5 :o design x1 has always ! defects ( its qualities4 ,x is ! fir/ bus9ess ( ^? :o "w 9 x to see t x has at lea/ ! qualities ( its defects4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,w9d[s ,,( ,,_m ,,lights4 ,! m]ry life ( ! m$allion w9d[ 0 a %ort "o4 ,x reign$ dur+ ! ,e>ly ,go?ic p]iod supreme2 b aft] ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury x soon w5t q out ( fa%ion1 & ) x ! practice ( %ap+ ! b>s to suit ! patt]n ( ! w9d[--a practice1 x w h be5 notic$1 n foll[$ 9 grisaille w9d[s1 ?\gh x might v well h be54 ,) ! *ange :i* came ov] ! _s ( lat] ?irte5? c5tury ar*itecture "s new dep>ture 9 ! design ( glass became inevitable4 ,! w9d[s spok5 ( till n[ 7 all s+le lights1 broad] or n>r[]1 z ! case might be1 b ea* s f> (f f ! o!r t x _h to be complete 9 itself1 & might j z well be design$ ) no m ?an g5]al ref]5ce to its neighb\rs4 ,b 9 "t x began to be felt 9 ,france t ! broad ,norman w9d[ 0 too broad1 & s !y divid$ x into two by a c5tral %aft1 or mullion z x is call$1 ( /one4 ,9 ,engl& equally x began to be felt t ! long n>r[ lancet lights 7 too mu* 9 ! nature ( isolat$ pi]c+s 9 ! b>e wall1 & s ! build] br\ght !m clos] & clos] toge!r1 until !y also 7 divid$ by n>r[ mullions4 ,9 ?is way1 & 9 answ] especially to ! gr[+ dem& = m light 9 *ur*es1 & consequ5tly = m w9d[s1 x became ! cu/om to gr\p !m4 ,ev5tually ! w9d[ gr\p resolv$ itself into a s+le w9d[ ( sev]al1 sometimes ( _m1 lights1 divid$ only by n>r[ /one mullions4 ,or1 to acc\nt = x 9 ano!r way1 w9d[s ( consid]able size com+ into vogue1 x became necess>y1 = con/ructional no less ?an = arti/ic reasons1 to subdivide !m by mullions into two or m lights4 ,! ar*$ w9d[ head 0 brok5 up into small] fancifully %ap$ trac]y lights1 z !y are call$2 & s we arrive at ! typical ,decorat$ ,go?ic w9d[4 ,! height ( ^! w9d[s be+ naturally 9 proportion to _! wid?1 ! sep>ate lights into :i* !y 7 divid$ 7 apt to be exce$+ly long4 ,to h treat$ !m aft] ! ,e>ly m$allion mann]1 ea* ) its broad bord]1 w\ld h be5 to draw att5tion to ?is1 & ev5 to exagg]ate _! l5g?4 ,! problem n[ to be solv$ 9 glass 01 h[ be/ to c\nt]act ! effect ( insecurity likely to result f ! ?9ness ( ! upright l9es ( ! /one & ! n>r[ness ( ! op5+s betwe5 !m4 ,x is n meant to say t ! m$allion w9d[ expir$ )\t a spasm4 ,= a :ile ,decorat$ w9d[s 7 treat$ v mu* aft] ! fa%ion ( ! e>li] m$allion w9d[s4 ,! m$allions 7 necess>ily small]1 & usually long 9 proportion to _! wid?1 al?\gh !y ext5d$ n[ to ! edge ( ! /onework1 ! n>r[i% bord] to ! lights pass+1 z x 71 beh9d !m4 ,?is is v amply illu/rat$ 9 ! w9d[s 9 ! *oir cl]e/ory at ,t\rs4 ,occasionally !re is no bord] b a l9e ( :ite & col\r1 & ! :ole int]val betwe5 ! elongat$ hexagonal or octagonal panels is giv5 up to mosaic diap]4 ,! m$allions naturally range !mselves 9 horizontal ord] ?r\gh\t ! ?ree or f\r lights ( ! w9d[1 giv+ j ! indication ( a horizontal l9e across !m4 ,by way ( exception1 ! subject ( ! ,la/ ,supp] ext5ds ?r\gh all ?ree lights ( ! ,ea/ w9d[1 ! tableclo? =m+ a conspicu\s b& ( light across x4 ,?is glass at ,t\rs is deep & ri* ?r\gh\t1 z int5se sometimes z 9 e>li] "w1 ?\gh w>m] 9 col\r1 ow+ to ! great] am\nt ( yell[ glass employ$4 ,t 0 n to la/ long4 ,illu/ration3 #ajd4 ,,decorat$ ,,m$allion ,,w9d[1 ,,g]man4 ,x l+]$ longe/ 9 ,g]many4 ,!re is a curi\s two-light w9d[ 9 ,cologne ,ca!dral1 ) que] rectangul> m$allions1 ( consid]able int]e/1 :i* is probably n v e>ly 9 date4 ,a n v common type ( ,decorat$ m$allion w9d[ is illu/rat$ above4 ,! cutt+ across ! bord] by m$allion or o!r subjects1 is a common ?+ 9 f\rte5? c5tury glass 7bel[ & opposite71 j because su* encroa*m5t is obvi\sly a mo/ useful device 9 deal+ ) n>r[ spaces4 ,x occurs 9 "s m$allion w9d[s 7also ( ! f\rte5? c5tury7 at ! *ur* ( ,santa ,croce1 at ,flor5ce4 ,b ?is 0 n en\gh4 ,! ,g]mans w5t a /ep fur!r1 & c>ri$ ! m$allions boldly across two lights1 treat+ !m z a s+le m$allion w9d[ ) a /one mullion in/ead ( an iron b> up ! c5tre4 ,!re is an in/ance ( ?is at ,s4 ,sebald's ,*ur*1 ,nuremb]g1 & ano!r1 m curi\s ?an beautiful to see1 at ,/rassburg4 ,!y w5t fur!r /ill1 & c>ri$ ! m$allions across a ?ree-light w9d[4 ,!re is "o su* at ,augsburg1 :]e ! m$allions almo/ fill ! w9d[1 ext5d+ to ! extreme edge ( ! out] lights4 ,inde$1 a broad out] bord] ( angels surr\nd+ ! great circles is cut %ort by ! side walls4 ,?is is at lea/ a means ( gett+ rid ( ! littl5ess result+ sometimes f ! small m$allion treatm5t1 & x is 9 fact mo/ effective4 ,! broad1 sweep+1 circul> l9es also h ! appe>ance ( hold+ ! lights toge!r & /r5g!n+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 #aje4 ,,freiburg4 ,?is 0 a ?+ mo/ ne$ful to be done 9 ,decorat$ glass4 ,x 0 ne$$ sometimes already 9 ,e>ly "w4 ,at ,cl]mont-,f]r& ! n>r[ lancets at ! end ( ! ,s\? transept are fill$1 except = a ?9 :ite bead$ bord]1 ) diap] "w 9 ri* col\r1 int]rupt$ at int]vals by big rosettes ( :ite1 :i* =m two b&s ( light across ! s]ies1 & make !m seem "o gr\p4 ,illu/ration3 #ajf4 ,,details ,,( ,,dec4 ,,g]man ,,glass4 ,! delib]ate use ( horizontal l9es 7or features giv+ su* l9es7 9 glass1 0 cle>ly ! mo/ effective way ( c\nt]act+ ! too upright t5d5cy ( ! masonry1 or r ( prev5t+ x f appe>+ unduly drawn out2 & x became ! cu/om4 ,ev5 9 a comp>atively small ,decorat$ w9d[1 = example1 ! figures w\ld usually =m a b& across x1 di/+ui%$ f ! ornam5tal %r9ework above & bel[ x by a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 col\r4 ,9 a tall] w9d[ !re w\ld be two1 or possibly ?ree1 su* b&s ( figures1 9 m>k$ contra/ to _! fram+4 ,9 ,g]many v (t5 "o big frame w\ld cross ! w9d[1 or ! figure subjects w\ld be sep>at$--z at ,/rassburg1 = example--by b&s ( arcad+1 out ( :i* peep$ little sa9ts ea* ) a descriptive label 9 8 h&4 ,a typical ,engli% canopy ( ! p]iod is giv5 on ?is page4 ,x 0 commonly enclos$1 z "h %[n1 )9 a bord]1 wide en\gh to be "s sort ( ackn[l$gm5t ( ! subdivision ( ! w9d[1 b n wide en\gh to prev5t ! col\r ( ! canopy f =m+ a di/9ct b& across ! w9d[4 ,! pr$om9ance ( a p[]ful1 r brassy1 yell[ 9 ! canopy "w1 & a contra/ 9 col\r betwe5 its backgr\nd & t ( ! figures1 c>ri$ ! eye )\t fail across ! w9d[4 ,a notable exception to ! usual brass9ess ( ! ,decorat$ canopy occurs at ,t\l\se1 :]e a numb] ( high-pit*$ gables ( ! ord9>y design1 /rong] 9 col\r ?an usual1 h crockets & f9ials ( a fre% bright gre54 ,illu/ration3 #ajg4 ,,typical ,,decorat$ ,,canopy4 ,! ,decorat$ canopy1 ) its high-pit*$ gable & tall fly+ buttresses1 its h>d l9es1 & its brassy col\r 0 a *>act]i/ic1 b nev] a v beautiful feature 9 design2 & x grew to q absurd proportions4 ,x 0 9 ,g]many t x 0 c>ri$ to greate/ excess1 ext5d+ to a height ?ree or f\r times t ( ! figure & m2 b ) u also x 0 commonly tall en\gh altoge!r to dw>f ! poor little figure x pret5d$ to protect4 ,ev5 :5 x 0 n prepo/]\sly tall1 its detail 0 usually out ( all proportion to ! figure4 ,y\r f\rte5? c5tury draughtsman w\ld h no hesitation 9 mak+ ! f9ial ( 8 canopy bigg] ?an ! head 7nimbus & all7 ( ! sa9t "u x4 ,clums9ess ( ?is k9d is s mu* ! rule1 & disproportion is s *>act]i/ic ( ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 t1 b = "s di/9ctly good ornam5tal glass ( ! p]iod1 "o might dismiss x z m]ely transitional1 & n wor?y ( a *apt] to itself 9 ! hi/ory ( glass design4 ,illu/ration3 #ajh4 ,s4 ,,urba91 ,,troyes4 ,illu/ration3 #aji4 ,,new ,,college1 ,,ox=d4 ,our di/9ctions ( /yle1 z 0 said1 are at ! be/ arbitr>y4 ,we may devise a classification :i* %all s]ve to di/+ui% "o m>k$ type f ano!r1 b x is q impossible to draw any h>d-&-fa/ l9e betwe5 ! lat] examples ( "o k9d & ! e>li] ( ano!r "o4 ,we may *oose to divide ,go?ic art into ?ree classes1 z we may subdivide ! spectrum into s _m positive col\rs1 b ! indet]m9ate %ades by :i* !y gradate ea* into ! o!r defy classification or description4 ,c]ta9ly ! be/ figure "w ( ! middle p]iod is t :i* might q fairly be claim$ z belong+1 on ! "o h&1 to ! end ( ! ,e>ly1 or on ! o!r to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,late1 ,go?ic p]iod4 ,9 ! figures f ,troyes1 = example 7page #dg & opposite71 ! ,e>ly tradition l+]s2 9 ^? f ,new ,college 7also opposite7 ! *>act]i/ics ( ,late "w beg9 to appe>4 ,9 ! figure ( ! headsman on ?is page !re is c]ta9ly no s5se ( proportion4 ,9 all ! weal? ( ,decorat$ figure-&-canopy "w at ,york ,m9/] !re is no?+ to rank = a mom5t ) ! be/ ,e>ly or ,p]p5dicul> glass4 ,nor 9 ,france1 ?\gh !re is ,decorat$ "w 9 mo/ ( ! great *ur*es1 is !re any?+ conspicu\sly f9e4 ,ev5 at ,s4 ,ou51 at ,r\51 !re is no?+ p>ticul>ly wor?y ( note4 ,x is true t ! p]iod ( ! ,engli% occupation & ! tr\bles :i* foll[$ x 0 n ! "t :5 we %\ld expect ! arts to fl\ri% !re4 ,illu/ration3 #aaj4 ,,execution] ,,( ,s4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/1 #ad,,? ,,c5tury4 ,a mo/ *>act]i/ic ?+ 9 glass ( ?is int]m$iate p]iod 0 ! way 9 :i* col\r & grisaille 7 associat$4 ,x has be5 already told h[1 be=e !n1 :ite & col\r _h be5 us$ toge!r 9 ! same light--at ,aux]re1 = example1 :]e1 )9 a broad bord] ( col\r1 y f9d an inn] frame ( grisaille1 enclos+ a c5tral figure panel ( col\r4 ,q at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 if n already at ! end ( ! ?irte5?1 y f9d1 z at ,s4 ,radegonde1 ,poiti]s1 ^u a gr\nd ( grisaille1 col\r$ m$allion subjects1 or m happily /ill1 little figures1 z x 71 inlaid1 break+ ! :ite surface v pleasantly ) pat*es ( unev5ly b judici\sly disp]s$ col\r--! :ole enclos$ 9 a col\r$ bord]4 ,b 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ! m ev5 comb9ation ( :ite & col\r 0 q a common ?+4 ,naturally x 0 introduc$ 9 ! =m ( ! horizontal b&s already m5tion$4 ,& inde$ x is 9 w9d[s into :i* grisaille ent]s t ?is b&-wise di/ribution ( design is mo/ app>5t1 & mo/ typical4 ,! design] v commonly conceiv$ 8 w9d[ z 9 grisaille1 cross$ by a b& or b&s ( col\r1 b9d+ ! lights toge!r4 ,t may be se5 9 ! *apt]-h\se at ,york1 :]e y h sev]al s]ies ( little subjects1 m or less 9 ! %ape ( m$allions1 =m+ s _m belts ( col\r across ! five-light grisaille w9d[s1 :i* belts ! eye ins5sibly foll[s "r r\nd ! build+4 ,illu/ration3 #aaa4 ,,decorat$ ,,bord]s4 ,t is ! !ory ( design4 ,its practical con/ruction may be bett] describ$ o!rwise4 ,! iron horizontal b>s1 to ! use ( :i* ! glazi]s _h by ?is "t come back1 divide ! lights ea* into a s]ies ( panels1 :i* panels are fill$ at ,york alt]nately ) col\r$ subjects & ornam5tal grisaille4 ,else:]e p]haps two panels are fill$ ) col\r to "o ( grisaille1 or ?ree to "o1 or vice v]s4 ,9 any case ^! alt]nate panels ( :ite & col\r1 occurr+ always on ! same level ?r\gh\t ! lights compos+ ! w9d[ 7& (t5 ?r\gh all ! w9d[s along ! aisle ( a *ur*71 range !mselves 9 pron\nc$ horizontal /rips or b&s4 ,illu/ration3 #aab4 ,,grisaille ,,& ,,figure4 ,?is acceptance ( ! b>s z a />t+-po9t 9 design1 & ?is delib]ate c\nt]*ange ( light & d>k1 may appe> to indicate a v r\gh-&-ready s*eme ( design4 ,b any brutality !re might be 9 x is done away ) by ! introduction ( a suffici5t am\nt ( :ite into ! col\r$ b&s & ( a c]ta9 modicum ( col\r 9 ! b&s ( :ite4 ,& t 0 habitually ! plan adopt$4 ,into ! subjects x 0 easy to introduce j z mu* :ite z seem$ necess>y4 ,a little :ite might be !re already 9 ! fle%1 :i* 0 no long] always repres5t$ 9 fle%-col\r$ glass b m & m commonly 9 :ite4 ,! usual bord] at ! sides ( ! grisaille--n[ r$uc$ to q mode/ proportions--p]haps a simple leaf bord]1 z on pages #dd1 #aeh1 p]haps a /ill simpl] block bord]1 z above1 s]v$ to frame ! :ite1 at ! same "t t x 0 an ackn[l$gm5t once m ( ! fact t ea* light =ms a sep>ate division ( ! w9d[4 ,9 mo/ cases ! introduction ( a little col\r into ! grisaille panel1 v (t5 9 ! =m ( a rosette1 w5t fur!r to prev5t any possible appe>ance ( disconnection betwe5 ! figures & _! ornam5tal sett+4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 s little obvi\s is ! plan ( su* w9d[s 9 ! actual glass t x (t5 takes "o "s "t to p]ceive x4 ,illu/ration3 #aac4 ,,evreux4 ,9 ! nave at ,york ,m9/] ! grisaille is cross$ by two b&s ( col\r$ figure "w4 ,else:]e x is cross$ by "o2 b :]e ! figures h canopies1 z !y (t5 h1 t makes aga9 a horizontal subdivision 9 ! col\r$ portion ( ! glass4 ,sometimes ! topmo/ p9nacles ( ! col\r$ canopies w ext5d into ! grisaille above1 break+ ! h>%ness ( ! divid+ l9e2 b x is seldom t x appe>s h>% 9 ! glass4 ,! fact seems to be t ! upw>d t5d5cy ( ! long lights is s m>k$1 & ! mullions make su* a break 9 any cross l9e1 t !re is no fe> ( horizontal =ms pron\nc+ !mselves too /rongly2 ! difficulty is r to make !m m>k$ en\gh4 ,ar*itects came ev5tually to feel ! want ( "s m /]nly horizontal feature ?an ! glazi] c\ld contrive1 :5 !y introduc$ ! /one transom1 :i* 0 a feature ( ! lat] ,go?ic p]iod4 ,:5 x 0 a "q ( glaz+ a broad s+le light ( e>li] con/ruction1 ! f\rte5? c5tury arti/ design$ 8 glass accord+ly4 ,n t he !n adopt$ ! ?irte5? c5tury mann]--x nev] ent]$ 8 m9d to "w 9 any o!r /yle ?an t :i* 0 curr5t 9 8 day2 ! affectation ( bygone /yles is a comp>atively mod]n h]esy--b he adapt$ 8 design equally to help1 if n to correct1 ! %ape ( ! w9d[ op5+4 ,accu/om$ z he 0 to n>r[] lights1 ! broad w9d[ ( an e>li] age appe>$ to him unduly broad1 & 8 fir/ ?\ght 0 to make x look n>r[]4 ,?is he did by divid+ x into v]tical 7in/ead ( horizontal7 /rips ( :ite & col\r4 ,t is %[n 9 ! w9d[ f ,troyes 7page #aei71 9 :i* ! c5tre /rip ( ! w9d[1 occupi$ by figures & canopies 9 col\r1 is flank$ by broad /rips ( grisaille1 & t aga9 by a col\r$ bord]4 ,!re1 z usual1 y f9d "s :ite 9 ! figure "w & "s col\r 9 ! grisaille1 always ! sure/ way ( mak+ ! w9d[ look "o4 ,! judici\s treatm5t ( a belat$ lancet w9d[ l ?is goes to %[ t x 0 ( set purpose t ! tall lights ( a ,decorat$ w9d[ 7 b\nd toge!r by ties ( col\r$ glass4 ,s long z w9d[s 7 built 9 _m lights1 t plan ( hold+ !m toge!r 0 nev] ab&on$4 ,!re is a v notable in/ance ( ?is at ,b]ne1 :]e ! f\r long lights ( a ,late ,go?ic w9d[ are cross$ by l9es ( canopy "w1 tak+ n horizontal b ar*$ l9es 7a device common en\gh 9 ,g]man glass71 effectually c\nt]act+ ! lean & lanky look ( ! w9d[4 ,/ill m>k$ly horizontal l9es ( subdivision 9 glass design are m *>act]i/ic ( ! second ,go?ic p]iod ?an ( any o!r4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,middle ,,go?ic ,,glass4 ,t[>ds ! f\rte5? c5tury1 x seems1 a wave ( realism swept ov] ,go?ic art4 ,s mu* is ?is s t a relatively speak+ naturali/ic =m ( ornam5tal detail is ! mo/ m>k$ feature ( ! ,decorat$ p]iod1 giv+ x its "n1 &1 inde$1 its claim to be a /yle4 ,illu/ration3 #aad4 ,,norbury1 ,,d]by%ire4 ,no great /ress has be5 laid 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s ^u ?is new dep>ture 9 naturalism1 because x did n s v vitally affect design4 ,:5 x is said t glass foll[$ always ! fa%ion ( ar*itecture1 t is z mu* z to say t1 z ! sculptors took to natural in/ead ( conv5tional foliage1 s did ! glass pa9t]s2 & !re is n mu* m to tell4 ,to trace ! developm5t ( naturali/ic design w\ld lead u f> a/ray4 ,en\gh to say t1 by ! naturali/ic turn ( its ornam5tal foliage y may recognise ! p]iod call$ ,decorat$4 ,h[ f> t naturalism ( ,decorat$ detail may be to ! good is a "q !re is no ne$ "h to dispute4 ,x 0 a new dep>ture4 ,! new "w lack$ some?+ ( ! simple dignity & self-re/ra9t :i* m>k$ ! e>li]1 & x _h n yet ! /yle & "* :i* came 9 ! next c5tury ( m consi/5tly workmanlike treatm5t4 ,9 s f> x 0 a k9d ( prelude to ,p]p5dicul> "w4 ,?is is n to d5y t excell5t "w 0 done 9 ! ,decorat$ p]iod1 especially p]haps 9 glass1 :]e naturalism1 at its crude/1 is less (f5sive ?an 9 wood or /one4 ,b !re is no gett+ ov] ! fact t ! p]iod 0 int]m$iate2 & ,decorat$ glass is 9 a /ate ( transition 7#a7 betwe5 ! ar*aism ( ! e>ly & ! accompli%m5t ( ! lat] ,go?ic2 7#b7 betwe5 ! conv5tional ornam5t :i* m]ely sugge/s nature & natural foliage conv5tionally treat$2 7#c7 betwe5 /rong ri* col\r & delicate silv]y glass4 ,! transition ( /yle is n[h]e m pla9ly to be trac$ ?an 9 ! grisaille ( ! p]iod4 ,at fir/ ! "* ( f\rte5? c5tury grisaille did n greatly diff] f e>li] "w1 except 9 ! =m ( ! pa9t$ detail4 ,t f ,s4 ,urba91 ,troyes1 on page #ccc1 is a typical in/ance ( ,e>ly ,fr5* ,transition foliage1 9 :i* ! scroll is only less /rong & vigor\s ?an be=e4 ,precisely ! same k9d ( detail is %[n aga9 9 ! l[] ( ! two in/ances1 likewise f ,troyes1 opposite2 b already natural leaves beg9 to m+le ) x2 :il/ 9 ! illu/ration above x1 ?\gh ! mosaic bord] is *>act]i/ically e>ly1 ! foliage 9 grisaille is delib]ately naturali/ic4 ,! grisaille at ,troyes1 by ! way1 (t5 rem9ds "o ( t at ,york ,m9/]4 ,x is ma9ly by ! naturali/ic "* ( ! ivy scroll1 or p]haps x w\ld be ne>] ! m>k to say ( ! leaves ^u x1 t ! design f ,norbury1 ,d]by%ire 7page #afb71 betrays its lat] date1 by t & ! abs5ce ( cross-hat*+ on ! backgr\nd4 ,! glaz+ ( ! w9d[ is /ill ?or\ghly mosaic4 ,illu/ration3 #aae4 ,s4 ,,pi]re1 ,,*>tres4 ,illu/ration3 #aaf4 ,,dec4 ,,grisaille1 ,s4 ,,urba91 ,,troyes4 ,illu/ration3 #aag4 ,,*>tres4 ,illu/ration3 #aah4 ,,evreux4 ,illu/ration3 #aai4 ,,r\5 ,,ca!dral4 ,!re is a diff]5t indication ( transition 9 ! little panel f ,s4 ,pi]re at ,*>tres1 almo/ entirely 9 :ite glass1 on page #afc4 ,! foliat$ ornam5t is "h /ill e>ly 9 "*2 b1 x w be se51 !re is no long] any pret5ce ( lead+ up ! b&s ( cle> glass 9 sep>ate /rips4 ,!y are only b\nd$ on "o side by a lead l9e4 ,t is s aga9 9 ! ?ree designs f ,*>tres ,ca!dral above1 :]e1 fur!r1 ! backgr\nd is cle> ( pa9t2 & 9 ^? f ,evreux1 on pages #afe1 #bhd4 ,!re ! backgr\nd is cross-hat*$2 b 9 "o case ! foliage is naturali/ic4 ,! col\r$ /rapwork 9 ! grisaille f ! ,lady ,*apel ( ,r\5 ,ca!dral on page #afe is frankly mosaic2 b ! foliat$ ends ( ! /raps1 ga!r$ toge!r into a c5tral quatrefoil 9 a q unusual fa%ion1 indicates ! new _s4 ,! :ite glass is !re pa9t$ ) trail+ foliage 9 outl9e ^u a cle> gr\nd1 n %[n 9 ! sket*1 :i* is m]ely a diagram ( ! glaz+4 ,! grisaille f ,/anton ,s4 ,john1 ,ox=d1 "h giv51 /ill hesitates r betwe5 two op9ions4 ,! foliage is naturali/ic1 b ! backgr\nd is cross-hat*$2 ! broad diagonal b&s1 patt]n$ ) pa9t1 are glaz$ 9 col\r2 ! r+s ( :ite are n sep>ately lead$4 ,t sort ( ?+ has occurr$1 z already po9t$ out1 be=e2 b x 0 n till ! f\rte5? c5tury1 or !reab\ts1 t ! /rapwork ( :ite l9es1 =m+ s *>act]i/ic a feature 9 ,decorat$ grisaille1 are sy/ematically indicat$ by pa9t$ outl9es & n glaz$ 9 if x c\ld be help$4 ,illu/ration3 #abj4 ,,/anton ,s4 ,,john1 ,,ox=d4 ,y h only to exam9e ! cross+ ( ! :ite l9es 9 any ( ^! la/-m5tion$ patt]ns to see t1 n[ t !y are n sep>ately glaz$1 !y d n really int]lace z be=e4 ,x is out ( ! "q t !y %\ld4 ,x is easy en\gh to glaze up b&s s t !y %all int]lace2 b1 :5 "s ( ! draw+ l9es are lead & "s pa9t1 x occurs cont9ually t y want a lead$ l9e to pass beh9d a l9e ( cle> glass--:i*1 ( c\rse1 is a physical impossibility4 ,x foll[s t ! pret5d$ int]lac+ comes to grief4 ,! patt]n is confus$ 7x is worse :5 !re is no hat*$ backgr\nd7 by ! occurr5ce ( leads1 /rong] ?an ! pa9t$ l9es1 :i*1 s f> f play+ any "p 9 ! design1 occur j at ! po9ts :]e !y mo/ int]f]e ) x4 ,illu/ration3 #aba4 ,,*,,lons4 ,t ?is did n det] !m1 t !y made a %ift ) int]lac+ :i* does n truly int]lace1 m>ks a fall+ (f 9 :at may be call$ ! consci5ti\sness ( ! ,go?ic design]s4 ,fr5* & ,engli% ,decorat$ grisaille1 effective z x (t5 is 9 ! w9d[1 is di/9ctly less satisfactory 9 design ?an ! common run ( e>li] "w4 ,its *>m is nev] 9 its detail4 ,! patt]ns may be +5i\s & n )\t grace1 b !y are nev] altoge!r admirable1 any m ?an are ! figures4 ,illu/ration3 #abb4 ,,*,,lons4 ,:at y mo/ enjoy 9 x is ! di/ribution ( :ite & col\r2 & y enjoy x mo/ :5 y d n too curi\sly exam9e into ! detail ( ! design1 :5 y are satisfi$ to enjoy ! col\r1 & d n look = =m1 :i* aft] all is ( less acc\nt 9 glass4 ,illu/ration3 #abc4 ,,reg5sburg4 ,illu/ration3 #abd4 ,,muni* ,,museum4 ,s f> z effect only is conc]n$1 qu>ry "w1 ! m]e glaz+ 9 squ>es1 answ]s 9 _m places 7su*1 = example1 z ! cl]e/ories ( n>r[ *ur*es1 :]e y c\ld n possibly enjoy any detail ( design t might be !re7 all ! purpose ( grisaille2 & x 0 commonly resort$ to4 ,b ! pa9t+ ^u su* qu>ries c\nts = v little2 x is f> too small & f9e 9 detail to h any effect fur!r ?an to tone ! glass a little1 :i* w\ld h be5 unnecess>y if ! glass employ$ _h be5 less cle>4 ,9 fact1 delicate pa9t on di/ant cl]e/ory glass is mu* ado ab\t v little2 & "o _c help ?9k+ t pla9 glaz+ w\ld !re h answ]$ all ! purpose ( ! mo/ delicately pa9t$ patt]n "w4 ,! f\rte5? c5tury glazi]s seldom complicat$ _! qu>ry "w by ! introduction ( b&s or /raps ( col\r betwe5 ! qu>ries1 or by ! introduction ( col\r o!r ?an su* z might occur 9 rosettes or %ields & s on1 plant$ ^u !m1 r ?an work$ into ! design4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 z at ,*lons-sur-,m>ne1 y come ^u an ornam5tal w9d[ 7page #afg7 9 :i* qu>ries are sep>at$ by b&s ( cle> :ite1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( col\r be+ introduc$ 9 ! =m ( yell[ qu>ries sub/itut$ at regul> int]vals = ! :ite4 ,on ! same page is ano!r col\r$ diap] w9d[ design$ on qu>ry l9es1 also at ,*lons4 ,9 t qu>ries ( :ite & yell[ are sep>at$ by a trellis ( blue4 ,some?+ ( ! sort is to be se5 also at ,s4 ,radegonde1 ,poiti]s4 ,9 ^! cases ! pa9t+1 z w be se51 is /rong en\gh to hold its own at a consid]able di/ance f ! eye1 b ! effect is n v happy4 ,:51 by ! way1 x 0 said t delicate pa9t+ on di/ant qu>ries 0 lo/1 x 0 n meant to imply t /rong pa9t+ on qu>ries w\ld be a happy solution ( ! difficulty4 ,z a matt] ( exp]i5ce1 x is seldom satisfactory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! common exp$i5t ( lead+ up ! col\r$ backgr\nds to figure "w 9 small squ>es ( ruby1 gre51 & s on1 0 g5]ally ! means ( secur+ good brok5 col\r4 ,x c h>dly be said t geometric patt]n w9d[s 9 /rong col\r are ev] v successful4 ,! ,g]mans1 :o1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 call _! second ,go?ic p]iod ! ,geometric1 (t5 attempt$ x1 b )\t conspicu\s success4 ,illu/ration3 #abe4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,g]man4 ,9 ,g]many x 0 cu/om>y to use geometric diap] "w long aft] x _h gone out ( use 9 ,france4 ,9 fact1 x is !re m likely a sign ( ! second p]iod4 ,! crossl9es 9 ! diap] f ,reg5sburg 7opposite7 w\ld h be5 9 lead1 n pa9t1 if ! "w _h be5 execut$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 aga91 ! diap] bel[ x w\ld n at t p]iod h be5 pa9t$ 9 ! lik5ess ( oak-leaves4 ,diap] ( ?is k9d 0 n us$ m]ely to fill up betwe5 m$allions1 b z backgr\nd1 = example1 to canopy "w4 ,frequ5tly x 0 v small 9 scale1 z well z elaborate 9 patt]n4 ,x c h>dly be said t x 0 always wor? ! pa9s sp5t ^u x--(t5 x 0 n2 b ! ,g]mans avoid$1 z a rule1 ! dang]\s r$ & blue comb9ation1 & pref]r$1 z did also ! ,italians1 less /]eotyp$ arrangem5ts ( gre5 & yell[1 or ( r$ & gre51 or ( r$ & gre5 & yell[2 if !y v5tur$ ^u r$ & blue1 x 0 ) a diff]5ce v mu* to _! cr$it4 ,= example1 !y w\ld enclose diamonds ( ruby 9 b&s ( purple-br[n1 ) j a po9t ( blue at ! int]/ices2 aga91 !y w\ld make a diap] ( purple1 purple-br[n1 & grey2 & 9 _m ano!r way %[ t !y delib]ately aim$ at col\r 9 su* "w--:]eas _m ( ! ,e>ly diap]s sugge/ t ! glazi] 0 ?9k+ m ( patt]n4 ,an in/ance ( h]aldic diap] is giv5 on page #afi4 ,illu/ration3 #abf4 ,,freiburg4 ,9 ,italy also y f9d sometimes1 z at ,flor5ce & ,assisi1 m$allion w9d[s ) mosaic diap] betwe51 or mosaic diap] us$ z backgr\nd to figures :i* c]ta9ly _c be describ$ z ,e>ly4 ,illu/ration3 #abg4 ,,freiburg4 ,! ,g]mans diff]$ f ! re/ ( u 9 _! frank use ( geometric patt]n4 ,we habitually disguis$ x m or less1 clo?+ x mo/ likely ) foliation2 !y us$ x q nak$ly1 & 7 n a%am$4 ,in/ances ( ?is innoc5t use ( geometric =m are "h giv54 ,at ,freiburg are q a numb] ( w9d[s entirely ( geometric patt]n "w4 ,!re is a good deal ( :ite glass 9 !m1 b !y c\nt r = col\r ?an = grisaille4 ,x w\ld n be q unfair to say !y fall betwe5 ! two /ools4 ,^! designs are mu* m pleas+ 9 ! glass ?an 9 black & :ite 7:]e !y h r too mu* ! appe>ance ( floor-clo?71 b !y are by no means ! happie/ "w ( ! ,g]mans ( t day4 ,:]e !y 7 really mo/ successful1 m successful ?an _! contempor>ies1 0 9 foliat$ or floral patt]n w9d[s1 & ^? ( a k9d also /&+ dang]\sly ne> midway betwe5 col\r & grisaille4 ,! me?od ( execution employ$ 9 !m 0 to a l>ge ext5t /rictly mosaic2 b !re is q a refre%+ v>iety & novelty1 z well z v consid]able +5uity1 9 _! design4 ,illu/ration3 #abh4 ,,f ,,reg5sburg1 ,,muni* ,,museum4 ,illu/ration3 #abi4 ,,ivy1 ,,muni* ,,museum4 ,! w9d[ f ,reg5sburg on page #chi sets out v mu* z if x 7 go+ to be a grisaille w9d[2 b x has1 9 ! fir/ place1 m col\r ?an is usual 9 grisaille1 &1 9 ! second1 x w be se5 t ! little triangul> gr\nd spaces next ! bord] are fill$ ) pot-metal4 ,! contra/ ( ! set patt]n & ! f\r col\r$ leaves cross+ ea* circle ) ! fl[+ und]gr[? ( grisaille is unusual1 & s is ! cunn+ alt]nation ( cross-hat*+ & pla9 :ite gr\nd4 ,! designs f ,muni* ,museum on pages #aga to #agd h no?+ 9 common ) grisaille4 ,! design consi/s ( natural foliage *iefly 9 :ite1 gr[+ tree-l ^u a col\r$ gr\nd up ! c5tre ( ! light4 ,9 ! "o ! /em is wav$1 9 ! o!r x takes a spiral =m1 9 ! ?ird x is m naturali/ic4 ,b nature is n v consi/5tly foll[$4 ,:at appe>s l a v9e on page #aga has husks or fl[]s :i* x is n easy to recognise2 & ! ivy "h is end[$ ) t5drils4 ,! bord] ( convolvulus leaves & ! hop scroll1 opposite1 are unmi/akable1 ?\gh !re is "s inconsi/5cy betwe5 ! naturalness ( ! leaves & ! /iffness ( _! gr[?4 ,! ivy patt]n diff]s f ! o!rs inasmu* z ! leaves %[ light aga9/ ! yell[ gr\nd1 :il/ ! gre5 /em & /alks tell d>k ^u x1 & !re is a b& ( r$ )9 ! out] bord] :i* holds ! r spiky leaves toge!r4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ w9d[ ( ?is k9d illu/rat$ is t on page #agd1 9 :i* ! /em is +5i\sly twi/$ into quatrefoil m$allion %apes1 s z to all[ a *ange 9 ! col\r ( ! gr\nd1 & ! leaves are design$ to g beyond ! fill+ & =m a patt]n ^u ! bord]4 ,! rose is a hackney$ !me en\gh1 b ?is at lea/ is a new way ( work+ x out4 ,f\rte5? c5tury ,g]man w9d[s are altoge!r m v>i$ 9 design ?an contempor>y ,fr5* or ,engli% "w4 ,! glass is n s mu* all ( "o patt]n4 ,!re are m surprises 9 x4 ,! ,g]mans treat$ grisaille 9 a way v mu* _! own4 ,at ! risk ( a c]ta9 co>s5ess ( execution1 !y w\ld pa9t out ! backgr\nd to _! natural foliage 9 solid pigm5t1 or 9 br[n j hat*$ ) l9es scrat*$ ?r\gh to ! cle> glass4 ,t is v effectively done1 = example1 at ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,?omas at ,/rassburg4 ,x is n cont5d$ t ?is is at all a bett] plan ?an t practis$ 9 ,france or ,engl&3 x is on ! :ole less happy2 b !re are positions 9 :i* x is m to ! purpose2 & x has at lea/ ! m]it ( be+ diff]5t2 x sugge/s some?+ bett] ?an x accompli%es1 & x is a timely rem9d] t ! be/ me?ods we "k ( _c be accept$ z f9al4 ,illu/ration3 #acj4 ,,g]man ,,ornam5tal ,,glass4 ,aga9 at ,reg5sburg !re is "s di/ant ornam5tal "w1 s simple 9 execution t x is little m ?an glaz+ 9 col\rs2 9 fact j :at di/ant "w %\ld be--effective 9 its place )\t any wa/e ( lab\r4 ,illu/ration3 #aca4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,glass4 ,a ^w or two rema9s to be said ab\t bord]s4 ,! n>r[] decorat$ light impli$1 z 0 said1 a n>r[] bord]4 ,x 01 z a rule1 only :5 a wide ,e>ly w9d[ _h to be glaz$ t !re 0 room = a broad "o4 ,9 t case x %[$ ( c\rse ! new naturalism1 ) p]haps ! add$ int]e/ ( animal life1 z "h illu/rat$2 b !re l+]s 9 ,g]man bord]s su* z ?is & ! "o on page #cch1 some?+ ( e>ly tradition4 ,x looks z if x w\ld n be difficult to accept glaz+ l9es l ^! & fill !m 9 ) pa9t$ detail la ,romanesque4 ,9 "o ( ! w9d[s 9 ,york ,m9/] !re is a bord] ( alt]nate leaves & monkeys1 bo? mu* ( a size1 :i* broad5s out at ! base1 af=d+ space = ! repres5tation ( a hunt1 m51 dogs1 grass & all complete4 ,illu/ration3 #acb4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,g]man4 ,illu/ration3 #acc4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,g]man4 ,!re 0 ano!r reason = ! adoption ( a n>r[] bord]4 ,n only 7 w9d[s n>r[] n[1 b _! ar*$ heads 7 cusp$1 :i* made x exce$+ly difficult to c>ry any b ! n>r[e/ possible bord] r\nd !m satisfactorily4 ,x w be se5 h[ awkw>dly ! bord] fits 7or does n fit7 ! w9d[ head on page #aee4 ,ev5 ! simple/ bord] _h to be v mu* di/ort$ 9 ord] to make x foll[ ! l9e ( ! masonry2 &1 9 any case1 x gave a v ugly %ape )9 ! bord]1 & "o aga9 difficult to fill4 ,already1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! design] f\nd x conv5i5t to run 8 bord] /raight up into ! cusp$ head ( ! light & let ! /onework cut x abruptly %ort2 t occurs at ,c>cassonne4 ,sometimes1 z at ,tewkesbury1 ! inconv5i5t bord] is all[$ to end j above ! spr++ l9e ( ! ar*1 aga9/ a p9nacle ( ! canopy1 beyond :i* po9t !re is only a l9e or two ( :ite or col\r1 by way ( frame or f9i% to ! backgr\nd4 ,an unusual b q satisfactory way ( gett+ ov] ! difficulty ( c>ry+ ! bord] r\nd ! w9d[ head is1 to accept ! spr++ l9e ( ! ar* z ! end ( ! c5tral design1 & to make ! foliat$ bord] spread & fill ! entire w9d[ head above4 ,"s qu>ry lights 9 ! tri=ium at ,evreux are effectively treat$ 9 t mann]4 ,illu/ration3 #acd4 ,,/rassburg4 ,types ( ord9>y ,decorat$ bord]s1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man1 are %[n 9 ?is & ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,! leafage spr+s f "o side or ! o!r or f a c5tral /em1 or f ei!r side ( a wav+ /em1 or f two /ems int]tw9$ 7page #aeh74 ,sometimes ! gr\nd on "o side is ( a diff]5t col\r f t on ! o!r2 9 any case ! glaz+ is usually simple4 ,"o ( ! leaf bord]s at ,r\5 ,ca!dral includes a s]ies ( little gre5 birds2 ano!r1 an oak patt]n1 is inhabit$ at int]vals by squirrels & wild m5 ( ! woods4 ,r int]e/+ v>iations ^u ! ord9>y type ( bord] are giv5 on ?is & ! prec$+ pages4 ,! broad] "o above is ( di/9ctly unusual "*1 inasmu* z x has no backgr\nd except ! pa9t+ out1 & ! col\r ( ! leafage v>ies quasi-accid5tally4 ,illu/ration3 #ace4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,g]man4 ,! use ( ! rosette bord]s on pages #aga1 #agb is suffici5tly acc\nt$ = by ! desire to get contra/ to ! foliat$ fill+1 b x occurs at all p]iods m or less4 ,s does ! block bord]2 b = all t x is almo/ z *>act]i/ic ( ,decorat$ "w z ! leaf bord]4 ,x is se5 9 its simple/ =m on page #add4 ,on page #chi x is associat$ ) foliage & rosettes4 ,a typical =m ( x is :]e ! blocks are *>g$ ) h]aldic devices1 :i* may s]ve to indicate ! date1 or to confuse "o4 ,9 ! design f ,evreux on page #afj !re occur1 = example1 ! ,fleurs-de-,lys ( ,france alt]nat+ ) ! ,ca/le ( ,ca/ille4 ,^! p>ticul> *>ges occur frequ5tly 9 ! w9d[s ( ! ,s4 ,*apelle at ,p>is1 & 9 ! lights f t s\rce n[ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum2 & !y g p]haps to %[ t ,blan*e ( ,ca/ille 7:o m>ri$ ,l\is ,,viii47 gave !m to ! *apel1 or t !y 7 9 h] memory4 ,%e di$ 9 #abeb4 ,x is mo/ improbable t ! ,evreux glass %\ld belong to s e>ly a date z t4 ,7 x s1 ! occurr5ce ( ?is k9d ( ?+ 9 su* e>ly "w w\ld only g to %[ t h]aldic devices are z old z h]aldry1 & t :5 ! glazi] _h a n>r[ light to fill he treat$ x z a n>r[ light1 ) a bord] 9 proportion to its wid?3 he c]ta9ly did t at ! ,s4 ,*apelle4 ,! fact rema9s t ?is p>ticul> =m ( block bord] m>ks1 z a rule1 ! approa* ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x may be z well to rem9d ! read] t dates & p]iods are only m5tion$ 9 ord] to save circumlocution4 ,:5 ! ?irte5? c5tury is m5tion$1 x is n meant to convey ! ye> #abja1 nor yet #abii1 b ! c5tury 9 its prime4 ,&1 :at is m1 x is n meant to say t ! "w ascrib$ to t p]iod 0 q c]ta9ly & indisputably done aft] ! ye> #abjj or be=e ! ye> #acjj1 b only t x be>s ! m>k ( ! c5tury--:i*1 f ! pres5t po9t ( view1 is ! important ?+4 ,! precise & c]ta9 ye> 9 :i* ?is or t device 0 by exception = ! fir/ "t employ$1 or until :i* by *ance a practically obsolete practice surviv$1 is int]e/+ 7if x c be asc]ta9$7 only z a "q ( ar*ology4 ,anyway1 a workman w\ld r believe ! evid5ce ( 8 eyes1 :i* he c tru/1 ?an ( docum5ts1 :i*1 ev5 if au!ntic1 may n be tru/wor?y1 & :i* are p]haps op5 to mis9t]pretation4 ,typically ,decorat$ glass1 ap>t f ! ornam5tal w9d[s j ref]r$ to1 is ! lea/ int]e/+ ( ,go?ic4 ,!re is 9 x a /ray+ f ,e>ly tradition )\t rea*+ ! lat] fre$om & atta9m5t4 ,9 col\r x has nei!r ! /r5g? ( ! ,e>ly "w nor ! delicacy ( ! ,late4 ,x m>ks "s progress 9 te*nique1 b little 9 design1 & none 9 ta/e4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,late ,,go?ic ,,w9d[s4 ,! subdivision ( art into p]iods is 9 reality ! v]ie/ make%ift4 ,to be on q safe gr\nd we %\ld h1 z a matt] ( fact1 to r$uce our p]iods to n m ?an half _! suppos$ duration1 & to class all ! re/ ( ! "t z belong+ to int]vals ( transition4 ,! tru? is1 x is always a p]iod ( transition4 ,! /ream moves p]petually on2 !re are only mom5ts 9 its c\rse :5 x seems to move m sl[ly1 & we h "t to fix its *>act]i/ics4 ,x foll[s t1 if we divide our p]iods accord+ to "t1 we h to include )9 !m "w ( v v>i\s "*2 & if we divide !m accord+ to /yle1 our dates get hopelessly confus$4 ,"s sort ( classification is necess>y 9 ord] to emphasise *anges :i* actually took place only by degrees1 & are p]ceptible only to ! exp]t4 ,b no soon] d we beg9 to classify1 ?an we f9d s _m exceptions1 t we are incl9$ almo/ to wond] if !y d n =m ! rule4 ,all t has be5 said1 !re=e1 & may yet be said1 ab\t ! p]iods ( design1 mu/ be tak5 ) m ?an a gra9 ( suspicion4 ,= example1 :at %all be said ab\t ! great ,ea/ w9d[ at ,gl\ce/] ,ca!dral1 :i* ,w9/on in/ances z a typical example ( ,decorat$ glass8 ,d\btless ! te*nique is t ( soon aft] ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & ! detail ( ! canopies1 :5 y come to exam9e !m1 is m ne>ly ,decorat$ ?an any?+ else2 b ! fir/ impression ( ! glass is q t ( ,p]p5dicul> "w4 ,?is may come p>tly ( ! circum/ances t ! masonry ( ! w9d[ foll[s already di/9ctly ,p]p5dicul> l9es2 b x comes mu* m f ! col\r ( ! glass & its di/ribution4 ,x is n m]ely t blue & ruby backgr\nds are c>ri$ /raight up ?r\gh ! long l5g?s ( ea* alt]nate light1 or t ! blue is light] & grey] ?an 9 ,decorat$ glass1 b t ! figures1 & especially ! canopies1 are = ! fir/ "t1 practically speak+1 altoge!r 9 :ite1 only v slightly reliev$ ) yell[ /a94 ,! /ud5t :o accept$ ?is z typical ,decorat$ "w1 w\ld be q at sea :5 he came to ,p]p5dicul> glass1 9 :i* ?is pal] col\r1 ?is prepond]ance ( :ite1 & especially ?is fram+ ( ! figures 9 :ite canopy "w1 is a mo/ di/9ctive1 if n ! mo/ di/9ctive1 feature4 ,aft] all1 ! w9d[ is ,p]p5dicul>2 &1 ?\gh ! glass 9 x may h _m *>act]i/ics ( ,decorat$ "w1 x _c well be said t ! glass is ,decorat$1 true ?\gh x be t glass did1 z a rule1 foll[ r 9 ! wake ( ar*itectural progress4 ,_m w9d[s are almo/ equally difficult to classify4 ,9 ! ,decorat$ glass at ,wells !re are bo? e>li] & lat] features4 ,! heads glaz$ 9 p9ki% glass1 ) eyes & be>ds lead$ up 9 :ite1 /rike an ,e>ly note1 :il/ ! broadly treat$ bases or p$e/als ( c]ta9 canopies 9 ! ,lady ,*apel1 "o ( :i* is "h %[n 7! canopies !mselves are /rictly ,decorat$71 prelude ! com+ /yle4 ,illu/ration3 #acf4 ,,p$e/al1 ,,wells4 ,^! bases rem9d "o ( ^? 9 ! ante-*apel at ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 dat+ f ! la/ qu>t] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :i*1 ?\gh x is n difficult to trace 9 !m ! l+]+ influ5ce ( ,decorat$ tradition1 mu/ und\bt$ly be put d[n z e>ly examples ( ! lat] /yle4 ,9 ^! f9e w9d[s 7^u :i* ! t\ri/ turns 8 back :il/ he admires ! poor attempt ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 9 ! ,we/ w9d[7 !re is n yet ! accompli%m5t ( full-fl$g$ ,p]p5dicul> "w4 ,! figures1 ?\gh full ( f9e feel+1 are n well drawn1 & ! pa9t+ is n delicate2 b ! design ( ! glass1 its sett+ out1 ! balance & arrangem5t ( col\r1 ! tone ( ! w9d[s1 & ! bread? ( effect1 are admirable2 & x is precisely 9 ^! respects t x proclaims itself ( ! lat] s*ool ( ,go?ic4 ,inde$1 we may assume t x 0 9 ord] to include su* "w z ?is t ! l9e 0 drawn at ! ye> #achj4 ,to class x ) ,decorat$ glass w\ld h be5 too absurd4 ,comp>e ! ,new ,college canopy on page #ahj ) ! ,decorat$ canopy on page #aee & ! m or?odox ,p]p5dicul> canopies bel[ & on pages #ahe1 #cdj1 & !re is no possible hesitation z to :i* x mo/ resembles4 ,! only ?+ 9 :i* x %[s any lean+ t[>ds ,decorat$ "w is 9 ! v occasional introduction ( pot-metal col\r2 & ! ma9 ?+ 9 :i* x diff]s f lat] ,p]p5dicul> design is t its %afts are r\nd in/ead ( squ>e1 & t x is m solidly built up1 l>g]1 m nobly conceiv$4 ,illu/ration3 #acg4 ,,canopy1 ,,new ,,college1 ,,ox=d4 ,a p>allel ,fr5* in/ance is at ! ,s4 ,*apelle at ,riom1 9 :i* canopies1 hav+ at fir/ sight all ! appe>ance ( typically ,late ,go?ic "w1 prove to h details :i* "o w\ld r describe z ,decorat$4 ,! ,g]man canopy "w at ,%rewsbury 7pages #ahc1 #ahf7 is n v f> remov$ f ,decorat$4 ,! lat] ,p]p5dicul> canopies run to f9ik9 p9nacles4 ,illu/ration3 #ach4 ,,typical ,,p]p5dicul> ,,canopy4 ,! ,new ,college canopies h none ( ! brassy yell[ col\r *>act]i/ic ( ,decorat$ "w1 b are absolutely silv]y 9 effect4 ,! gradual dilution1 z "o may say1 ( ! deep1 ri*1 ,e>ly col\r is noticeable ?r\gh\t ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,t[>ds its close ! glass pa9t] halts no long] betwe5 two op9ions1 betwe5 light & col\r4 ,he has q made up 8 m9d 9 fav\r ( :ite glass4 ,he has come pretty g5]ally to conceive 8 w9d[ z a field ( :ite1 into :i* to introduce a c]ta9 am\nt ( ri* col\r1 n (t5 a v l>ge am\nt4 ,z a rule1 p]haps n m ?an "o-f\r? ( ! area ( a fifte5? c5tury w9d[ 0 col\r2 =1 9 addition to ! :ite ( ! canopy1 !re 0 commonly a fair am\nt ( :ite 9 ! drap]ies1 & ! fle% 0 n[ always repres5t$ by :ite4 ,! typical ,p]p5dicul> w9d[1 !n1 is fill$ ) %r9ework 9 :ite1 enclos+ figures1 or figure subjects1 into :i* :ite ent]s l>gely 7! fle% & "s ( ! drap]y1 (t5 a good deal1 is sure to be :ite71 ^u a backgr\nd ( col\r4 ,n mu* ( ?is col\r$ backgr\nd1 mo/ (t5 9 blue or ruby1 & sometimes deep 9 col\r1 0 ord9>ily %[n1 s fully 0 ! space occupi$ by figure "w4 ,sometimes !re w\ld be repres5t$1 beh9d ! figure1 a scre5 ( :ite1 s t only ! head & %\ld]s w\ld /& reveal$ aga9/ d>k col\r4 ,sometimes ?is scre5 w\ld be 9 col\r1 contra/+ ) ! backgr\nd1 ri*ly diap]$ 9 imitation ( damask 7page #cdb74 ,sometimes ! backgr\nd w\ld be :ite1 lead$ p]haps 9 qu>ries2 b 9 any case ! preval5t s*eme ( design 0 to frame up pictures1 m or less 9 col\r1 9 ar*itectural canopy "w ( :ite & /a94 ,yell[ /a91 x %\ld be said1 0 freely us$ 9 connection ) all ?is :ite2 & its inv>iable association !re) is "o ( ! m>k$ *>act]i/ics ( ,lat] ,go?ic glass2 b z a rule ! yell[ 0 n only delicate 9 t9t b delicately introduc$1 s t x did n mu* di/urb ! effect ( :ite4 ,!re 7 significant passages ( yell[ 9 x1 b ! effect ( ! mass 0 cool & silv]y4 ,9 canopies yell[ /a9 0 us$ z gold might be 9 /onework1 :i* ! canopies imitat$2 crockets & p9nacles w\ld be tipp$ ) yell[1 z ) gild+ 7see opposite71 & ! reveal ( ! ar*1 %[n 9 false p]spective above ! figure1 w\ld be simil>ly /a9$1 s z to s(t5 ! transition f ! d>k col\r ( ! backgr\nd to ! :ite ( ! canopy mass4 ,"o comes ^u w9d[s1 probably ( ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 :i* ! col\r s*eme is practically limit$ to r$1 :ite1 & blue1 ! yell[ be+1 comp>atively speak+1 lo/ 9 ! :ite4 ,aga91 "o f9ds w9d[s 9 :i* ! col\rs are mu* light] ?an 9 e>li] glass4 ,b z a rule ! light] col\rs n[ introduc$ 7! glazi]'s palette 0 by ?is "t q ext5sive7 7 us$ to support1 & n to ! exclusion (1 ! ri*] & deep] col\r1 :i* is ! glory ( glass1 seldom to be disp5s$ ) ev5 9 grisaille4 ,y may d )\t col\r altoge!r1 b pale col\rs always h a poor effect4 ,illu/ration3 #aci4 ,,figure ,,& ,,canopy1 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,%rewsbury4 ,! typical ,p]p5dicul> canopies illu/rat$ & already ref]r$ to are q fav\rable specim5s ( ! k9d ( ?+ 9 vogue ?r\gh\t ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ,france mu* ! same =ms 7 adopt$ 7page #cdb74 ,"s exceptionally delicate figure-&-canopy w9d[s 7or p>ts ( !m7 are to be f\nd 9 ! ca!dral at ,t\l\se--! figure 9 col\r1 or 9 :ite & col\r1 aga9/ a backgr\nd ( :ite1 ri*ly diap]$ ) damask patt]n1 :i* q suffici5tly di/+ui%es x f ! ar*itecture only j t\*$ ) yell[4 ,an in/ance ( lat] ,g]man "w is giv5 bel[4 ,! ,g]man design] indulg$ temp]am5tally 9 ! int]p5etration ( %aft+ & o!r vag>ies ( ! k9d1 :i* we f9d 9 ,g]man /one c>v+4 ,sometimes 9 ,g]man "w1 & occasionally also 9 ,fr5*1 ,late ,go?ic canopies 7 all 9 yell[1 fram+ ! picture1 z x 71 9 gold4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 !y 71 z ) u1 silv]y 9 tone1 & fram$ ! col\r$ glass 9 a way mo/ absolutely satisfactory1 s f> z effect is conc]n$4 ,illu/ration3 #adj4 ,,g]man ,,late ,,go?ic ,,canopy4 ,9 itself1 h[ev]1 ?is canopy "w is r>ely ( any great int]e/2 occasionally1 z already 9 ! prec$+ c5tury1 ! design] has enni*$ 9 ! %afts little figures ( sa9ts or angels 7!re is j ! indication ( su* introduction ( little /atuettes 9 ! v simple & re/ra9$ example ( canopy "w f ,cologne1 on page #aia71 r$eem+ x f dulness2 b z a rule x is trite & commonplace to a degree4 ,! :ite1 z frame1 is p]fect4 ,x is none ! m s t x simulates misplac$ /onework4 ,:at a /range ?+ x is 9 ! hi/ory ( ornam5t t ! natural bias ( ! design] seems to be s irresi/ibly t[>ds imitation6 ,! man's fir/ ?\ght seems to be to make ! ?+ he is do+ look l some?+ x is n4 ,:y1 hav+ design$ op5+s 9 ! wall ( 8 build+1 he %\ld proce$ =?) to fill !m up ) some?+ 9 poor imitation ( masonry1 is a my/]y4 ,economy _h !n1 p]haps1 z n[1 m to d ) x ?an art1 = x is a v *eap exp$i5t4 ,illu/ration3 #ada4 ,,all ,,s\ls' ,,college1 ,,ox=d4 ,n only 9 ! matt] ( col\r1 b 9 t ( proportion1 ! lat] ,go?ic canopies 7 a great improvem5t ^u :at _h gone be=e4 ,!y 7 di/ribut$ /ill v mu* ^u ! horizontal pr9ciple s noticeable 9 ,decorat$ "w2 b by ?is "t ! ar*itect _h come to ! t>dy conclusion t ! long lights ( 8 w9d[ want$ hold+ toge!r1 & he ti$ !m toge!r1 if !y 7 ( any l5g?1 by means ( transoms1 9 :i* case ! glass-work] _h to deal ) lights ( manageable l5g?4 ,! light f ,all ,s\ls' ,college1 "h giv51 is an example ( a v usual ,p]p5dicul> arrangem5t4 ,ab\t "o half its entire l5g? is occupi$ by a figure en%r9$1 z x 71 9 an ar*itectural ni*e4 ,! base ( ! canopy is ab\t equal 9 height to ! wid? ( ! light4 ,! %afts are broad en\gh to emphasise ! indep5d5ce ( ! light4 ,! p9nacles ( ! canopy ext5d into ! w9d[ head4 ,a po9t or two ( backgr\nd col\r1 z ?\gh "o c\ld see ?r\gh1 are +5i\sly introduc$ into ! canopy & its base4 ,x w\ld be difficult to bett] su* an arrangem5t ( :ite & col\r1 except t "o feels ! urg5t want ( a m>g9 ( :ite1 to sep>ate ! col\r$ backgr\nd f ! masonry r\nd ! w9d[ head4 ,illu/ration3 #adb4 ,,two ,,w9d[s1 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,%rewsbury4 ,! idea is1 no d\bt1 t ! %r9ework %\ld appe> to /& 9 ! op5+1 & ! figure be %elt]$ "u t4 ,! illusion aim$ at1 x is sc>cely necess>y to say1 is n produc$1 & 9 any case w\ld n h be5 wor? produc+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! desirable ?+ to be done 01 to ackn[l$ge ! w9d[ op5+1 :i*1 except = ?is pret5ce1 ! col\r ( ! design effectually does4 ,illu/ration3 #adc4 ,,fair=d4 ,a frequ5t & equally typical arrangem5t 01 :]e ! light 0 long en\gh1 to make ! base itself take ! =m ( a l[ canopy ov] a m or less squ>e-proportion$ subject1 possibly a sc5e 9 ! life ( ! ,sa9t p\rtray$ above4 ,?is gave opportunity ( introduc+ figures on two diff]5t scales1 )\t 9 any way endang]+ ! significance ( ! m important figure1 :i*1 by its size & bread? ( col\r1 ass]t$ itself at a di/ance f :i* ! small] subject appe>$ only a mass ( brok5 col\r4 ,! proportions & outl9e ( su* a subject are indicat$ by ! ,nativity on page #ed1 ! jagg$ l9e at ! top ( ! picture m>k+ ! inn] l9e ( ! canopy "w4 ,9 ,g]man "w v commonly ! base canopy encloses1 z1 = example1 at ,cologne ,ca!dral1 a panel ( h]aldic blazonry4 ,! height ( ! canopy 01 ) u1 m or less 9 accordance ) ! l5g? ( ! w9d[2 b sometimes m space 0 all[$ = ! figure ?an at ,all ,s\ls'1 & ! vacant space ab\t ! head ( ! sa9t 0 occupi$ ) a label 9 :ite & /a9 be>+ an inscription4 ,!re are "s admirable figure-&-canopy w9d[s ( ?is description on ! nor? side ( ! *oir ( ,york ,m9/]1 :i* seem to h inspir$ a great deal ( our mod]n mock-,p]p5dicul> figure-&-canopy glass4 ,! label occurs1 on a backgr\nd ( :ite ar*itecture1 beh9d ! ,prophets f ,fair=d on pages #ahg1 #cia4 ,a m important example ( x occurs r\nd ! figure ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 f ,s4 ,m>y's1 ,ross 7opposite71 & aga9 9 ! gr\p f ! same s\rce on page #cci4 ,extremely clev] ornam5tal use is made ( ! label--a typically ,p]p5dicul> =m ( enri*m5t--9 ! ,g]man glass on page #ahf4 ,! extraord9>y bread? ( ! phylact]ies held by ! ,prophets 9 ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury w9d[s 9 ! ,s4 ,*apelle at ,riom1 gives !m q a "* ( _! own1 & an admirable "o4 ,illu/ration3 #add4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,%eba ,,be=e ,,solomon1 ,,fair=d4 ,at ,great ,malv]n we f9d ! lights above ! transom ( a w9d[ occupi$ ea* by a figure & its canopy1 :il/ ! l[] lights conta9 ea* ?ree ti]s ( small subjects1 sep>at$ only by b&s ( inscription4 ,9 ! f\r-light w9d[ at ,malv]n illu/rat+ ! ,days ( ,creation1 ea* light conta9s ?ree little subjects1 "o ( :i* is giv5 on page #beb4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! w9d[s f ,fair=d on pages #ahh1 #cgb1 subjects "u a canopy are drawn to a scale z l>ge z ! size ( ! w9d[ w all[4 ,illu/ration3 #ade4 ,,k+ ,,edw>d1 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,ross4 ,9 "s %ape or ano!r ! canopy almo/ inv>iably appe>s 9 connection ) figure "w2 x is ! r>e/ ?+ to f9d1 9 place ( ! famili> %aft+1 a bord]1 su* z t opposite4 ,illu/ration3 #adf4 ,,york ,,m9/]4 ,( ! gradual improvem5t 9 draw+ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury "w x is n necess>y to say mu*4 ,x belongs to ! p]iod r ?an to glass pa9t+1 & x is %[n 9 ! examples illu/rat$4 ,x is ( no p>ticul> c\ntry1 ?\gh our ,engli% "w 0 possibly m con/ra9$ ?an contempor>y cont95tal "w4 ,p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ,engli% "w 0 ! delicate trac+ ( ! faces1 :i* 7 p5cill$1 9 f9e l9es1 ! treatm5t altoge!r r flat1 & ?is at a p]iod :5 =eign glass 0 mu* m solidly modell$4 ,x is n possible1 on ! scale ( illu/ration det]m9$ by a book ( ?is size1 to illu/rate ?is ,engli% peculi>ity z cle>ly z "o w\ld wi%1 b x w be app>5t to ! see+ eye ev5 "h4 ,x is )9 ! b\nds ( possibility t ! ,fair=d glass may h be5 execut$ 9 ,engl&2 if s1 ,flemi% or ,g]man pa9t]s c]ta9ly _h a h& 9 x4 ,to comp>e x ) ! neighb\r+ ,p]p5dicul> glass at ,cir5ce/]1 ) its delicate trac+ & f9e /a9 79 :i* matt] ! ,fair=d glass does n by any means excel71 is to see h[ v diff]5t x is f typical ,engli% "w4 ,:e!r we look at ! detail ( ! canopies1 or ! draw+ ( ! drap]y1 or ! pa9t+ ( ! glass1 we see little to connect ?is ) ,engli% "w1 ?\gh x falls at once into its place z excell5t ,late ,go?ic glass4 ,9 ! w9d[s ( ! nave ( ,cologne ,ca!dral1 a figure f "o ( :i* is "h giv51 ,g]man ,go?ic glass rea*es its limit4 ,!re is already a trace1 if only 9 ! broad %aft ( ! canopy1 ( ,r5aissance influ5ce 9 ! design4 ,9 o!rs ( ^! w9d[s !re are no s+le figures4 ,entire lights are fill$ ) biblical or leg5d>y sc5es1 "o above ! o!r1 "u dw>f canopies1 :i* d n v cle>ly def9e ! horizontal divisions ( ! w9d[2 = all t1 ! horizontal divisions are = ! mo/ "p !re4 ,except :]e ! canopies are s insignificant z n to c\nt1 a ,p]p5dicul> w9d[ pres5ts1 z a rule1 a scre5 ( silv]y-:ite1 on :i* ! pictures =m s _m panels ( m or less jewell$ col\r4 ,illu/ration3 #adg4 ,,cologne ,,ca!dral4 ,! enorm\s ,ea/ w9d[ at ,york ,m9/]1 :i* belongs to ! v e>ly ye>s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 conta9s1 ap>t f its trac]y1 no less ?an a hundr$ & sev5te5 subjects 9 its tw5ty-sev5 lights2 b ! canopies divid+ !m are s n>r[ t !y sc>cely answ] ! purpose ( frames to ! sep>ate subjects4 ,! design is inextricably confus$1 & ! subjects are v difficult to read2 b ! effect is /ill z ( a mass ( jewels caught 9 a network ( :ite4 ,9 fact1 ! progress t[>ds light is su* t1 :]eas 9 ! la/ c5tury ! problem 0 h[ to get m & m :ite glass into a col\r$ w9d[1 x seems n[ m (t5 to be h[ to get col\r into a :ite "o4 ,:ite & /a9 ent] s l>gely into ,late ,go?ic glass t !re rema9s little to be said ab\t grisaille4 ,! glass ( ! p]iod is1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 grisaille & col\r1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 x & e>li] grisaille be+1 t x consi/s s l>gely ( figure-&-canopy "w4 ,w9d[s1 h[ev]1 d occur all 9 :ite or all 9 :ite & /a94 ,figures1 = example1 9 :ite & /a91 occur1 z 9 ! ,s\? transept at ,york1 on a gr\nd ( delicately pa9t$ qu>ries4 ,aga91 a common arrangem5t is t ( figures 9 :ite & col\r aga9/ a backgr\nd ( qu>ry "w1 a b& ( inscription sep>at+ ! pavem5t ^u :i* !y /& f qu>ries bel[ !m4 ,su* figures =m a belt across _m mod]ate-siz$ w9d[s 9 p>i% *ur*es4 ,m]e qu>ry lights also occur1 ) a bord] 9 :i* p]haps "s col\r occurs4 ,b ! subject ( qu>ries & qu>ry w9d[s is res]v$ = consid]ation 9 a *apt] by itself4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! drift ( ,lat] ,go?ic 9 ! direction ( :ite glass 0 un9t]rupt$4 ,t 0 by no means s4 ,at c]ta9 places1 & at c]ta9 p]iods1 & especially by c]ta9 arti/s1 !re seems to h be5 a reaction aga9/ ?is t5d5cy1 if ev] !re 0 any yield+ to x4 ,= example1 not)/&+ all t has be5 said ab\t ! light] tone ( ,decorat$ glass1 "s ( ! v f9e/ f\rte5? c5tury ,g]man "w1 at ,s4 ,sebald's ,*ur*1 ,nuremb]g1 is z int5sely & beautifully ri* z any?+ 9 ,e>ly "w4 ,!re r[s ( small subjects are fram$ 9 little canopies z deep 9 col\r z ! pictures1 & :ite glass is conspicu\s by its abs5ce4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to x is an opaque-look+ horn col\r1 & t is us$ only v sp>+ly4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 x is n q fair to call ^! w9d[s ri*1 = ! upp] "p ( !m is light4 ,s light is x1 & s little has x to d ) ! /a9$ glass1 t "o sc>cely accepts x z "p ( ! w9d[1 & !re=e speaks ( x z if x end$ ) ! col\r4 ,! un=tunate plan has be5 adopt$ "h1 z 9 ! ca!dral at ,muni* & else:]e 9 ,g]many1 ( fill+ only ab\t half ! w9d[1 f ! sill upw>ds1 ) /rong /a9$ glass4 ,?is ends abruptly at an arbitr>y & v unsatisfactory canopy ar*1 :i*1 9 a way1 frames x2 & above x ! w9d[ is fill$ ) pla9 :ite r\nds4 ,at ,freiburg !re is yet a fur!r b& ( pla9 r\nds next ! sill ( ! w9d[s4 ,! object ( ?is is1 d\btless1 to get light into ! *ur*2 b ! effect is z if ! build]s _h run %ort ( col\r$ glass1 & _h only f9i%$ (f ! w9d[ tempor>ily4 ,z a means ( comb9+ :ite & col\r ?is ,g]man %ift is n1 ( c\rse1 to be comp>$ to ! plan curr5t else:]e ( di/ribut+ !m 9 alt]nat+ b&s4 ,x does n attempt to comb9e !m1 b cuts ! w9d[ delib]ately 9 two4 ,n until y h %ad$ (f f y\r eyes ! di/ract+ rays ( :ite light1 c y prop]ly appreciate or enjoy ! col\r$ glass4 ,b1 if ^! w9d[s mu/ be consid]$1 z 9 a s5se !y mu/ be1 z con=m+ to ! dem& = m light1 !re are o!rs 9 :i* /rong col\r is c>ri$ consi/5tly ?r\gh1 n only 9 ! f\rte5? b 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 7,x is irritat+ & annoy+ to h to h>k back 9 ?is way to p]iods suppos$ to h be5 long s9ce left beh9d1 b any arbitr>y l9e ( division betwe5 ! /yles mu/1 z x 71 cut (f po9ts :i* project f "o into ! o!r1 sometimes v f> inde$ across ! b\nd>y l9e2 & h5ce ! absolute necessity1 at times1 ( seem+ to retrace our /eps1 if we w\ld really trace ! progress ( design47 ,!re are %[n opposite f\r lights out ( a l>ge w9d[ 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! ca!dral at ,troyes1 9 :i* ! hi/ory ( ! ,prodigal ,son is pictur$ 9 little upright subjects1 fram$ 9 canopies ( q mode/ proportions & ( col\r :i* 9 no wise keeps !m sep>ate f ! ri*ly col\r$ figures und]nea?4 ,"o ( !m1 = example1 is ( gre51 v mu* ! col\r ( an em]ald1 on an inky-purple gr\nd4 ,! result is a v ri* w9d[1 full ( qua9tly dramatic int]e/ :5 y come to exam9e x2 b !re are no broadly m>k$ divisions ( col\r 9 ! glass to affect ! ar*itecture ( ! build+ "o way or ! o!r1 nor does x tell its tale v pla9ly4 ,x is m easily read on page #aid ?an f ! floor ( ! *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 #adh4 ,,! ,,prodigal ,,son1 ,,troyes4 ,9 ! w9d[s s f> discuss$ ! figure subjects1 h[ev] small & h[ev] close toge!r1 h always be5 m>k$ (f "o f ! o!r1 slightly z x might be1 at fir/ by ! m>g9al l9es r\nd ! e>ly subject m$allions1 & !n by canopies4 ,x is %[n 9 ano!r fifte5? c5tury w9d[ f ,troyes 7opposite7 h[ ev5 t am\nt ( framework 0 n[ sometimes ab&on$4 ,progress 9 glass design1 x 0 said1 0 9 ! direction ( light & ( picture4 ,mov$ by ! d\ble impulse1 ! design] ( ! ,lat] ,go?ic p]iod fram$ 8 col\r$ pictures 9 :ite4 ,b :]e he happ5$ n to c>e s mu* ab\t light1 or _h n to consid] x1 he omitt$ ev5 ! n>r[ %aft ( :ite or col\r 7:i*1 s long z he us$ a canopy1 usually divid$ ! picture f ! /onework7 & left x to ! mullions to sep>ate !m v]tically4 ,horizontally he divid$ !m slightly by a b& ( ornam5t1 z at ,troyes1 ( ab\t ! wid? ( ! mullions1 or m frequ5tly1 & m pla9ly1 by l9es ( inscription on :ite or yell[ b&s4 ,if ! subjects 7 arrang$ across ! w9d[ 9 ti]s alt]nately on ruby & blue gr\nds1 t1 ( c\rse1 sep>at$ ea* some:at f ! "o next above & bel[ x1 b x b&$ ^? on ! same level toge!r4 ,?is help$ ! ar*itectural effect1 b confus$ ! /ory-tell+4 ,if ! pictures 7 arrang$1 ?r\gh\t ! wid? z well z ! l5g? ( ! w9d[1 alt]nately 9 panels on r$ & blue gr\nds1 t kept ! pictures r m ap>t1 b made ! di/ribution ( ! col\r all-ov]i%4 ,t m]e *ange ( gr\nd c\ld n keep pictures effectively sep>ate w be cle> :5 x is se5 7opposite7 h[ little ( ! backgr\nd ext5ds to ! mullion4 ,! great] "p ( ! figures come q up to ! /onework1 & ! subjects consequ5tly run toge!r4 ,x is difficult to realise1 except by exp]i5ce1 h[ little ! /onework c be dep5d$ ^u to frame /a9$ glass4 ,x seems :5 y see x all ^u pap] t ! mullions1 ) _! /rongly m>k$ m\ld+s1 mu/ effectually frame ! glass betwe5 !m4 ,!y d no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,!y g = s mu* %ad[3 :at y see is ! glass4 ,?is ! glass pa9t]s realis$ at l5g?1 & took to c>ry+ _! pictures across !m4 ,& x has to be confess$ t s long z !y s*em$ !m clev]ly ! int]f]5ce ( ! mullion 0 n mu* felt4 ,illu/ration3 #adi4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,tobit1 ,,troyes4 ,! di/9ction drawn s f> betwe5 s+le figures & subjects has answ]$ its obvi\s purpose2 b t also is1 9 a mann]1 arbitr>y4 ,figures /&+ sep>ately1 ea* 9 a light by itself1 =m v (t5 a s]ies--su* z ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 ! twelve ,apo/les1 ! ,prophets1 ! ,doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 or a succession ( k+s1 bi%ops1 or o!r ecclesia/ics4 ,m ?an t1 !y =m p]haps a gr\p4 ,:5 we discov] t fac+ ! figure ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y is t ( ! ,angel ,gabriel1 we see at once t1 ?\gh ea* figure occupies a sep>ate light ( ! w9d[1 & ea* /&s 9 its own sep>ate ni*e1 we h 9 reality "h a subject ext5d+ ?r\gh two lights--! ,annunciation4 ,s 9 a f\r-light w9d[--if 9 "o light /&s ! ,virg9 ) ! ,infant ,*ri/1 & 9 ! o!rs a s]ies ( ri*ly g>b$ figures ) cr[ns & gifts 9 _! h&s1 x is cle> t ?is repres5ts ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi--a subject 9 f\r lights2 & ! canopies ov] !m may be tak5 to be "o canopy ) f\r ni*es4 ,a yet m famili> in/ance ( cont9uity betwe5 ! s+le figures 9 ! lights ( a w9d[ occurs :]e ! c5tral light conta9s ! ,*ri/ ^u ! cross1 & 9 ! sidelights /& ! ,virg9 & ,s4 ,john4 ,we h 9 su* cases ! beg9n+ ( ! subject ext5d+ ?r\gh sev]al lights4 ,x is only a %ort /ep f ! ,annunciation1 or ! ,adoration1 or ! ,crucifixion describ$1 to ! same subject1 "u "o canopy1 ext5d+ boldly across ! w9d[1 ) %afts only to frame ! picture at its sides4 ,t is :at 0 done--especially 9 ,g]many4 ,x occurs already 9 ,e>ly ,decorat$ glass1 :]e ! upp] "p ( a big geometric w9d[ is sometimes occupi$ by brassy p9nacle "w1 :i* ass]ts itself1 p]haps1 ^u a gr\nd ( mosaic diap]1 9 ! mo/ unpleasant way4 ,9 ! :ite glass ( a lat] p]iod ! effect 0 happi]4 ,at fir/ ! design] did n1 z a rule1 aspire to c>ry 8 subjects "r across a big w9d[4 ,accept+ ! transom z a natural division1 he w\ld p]haps divide a f\r-light w9d[ v]tically into two1 s z to get f\r subjects1 ea* "u a canopy ext5d+ across two lights2 or1 9 a five-light w9d[1 he w\ld probably sep>ate ^! by o!r n>r[ subjects 9 ! c5tral lights4 ,divisions ( ?is k9d (t5 occur already 9 ! /onework ( ! w9d[1 ! lights be+ ar*itecturally divid$ by /rong] mullions into gr\ps4 ,9 t case all ! glass pa9t] does is to emphasise ! gr\p+ ( ! lights s*em$ by ! ar*itect4 ,:]e ! ar*itect has n provid$ = su* gr\p+ he does x1 p]haps1 = himself4 ,x enables him to design 8 figures on a l>g] scale1 & to get a mu* broad] effect 9 8 glass ?an he c\ld d s long z he kept ea* picture rigor\sly )9 ! limits ( a s+le light4 ,consid]ation = 8 picture _h probably m to d ) 8 retic5ce ?an respect = its ar*itectural framework2 & s soon z ev] he realis$ h[ little ev5 a /rong mullion w\ld really int]f]e ) 8 "w1 he made no scruple to take all ! space he want$ = 8 purpose4 ,inf9ite v>iety ( composition is ! result4 ,! upp] half ( ! w9d[ is p]haps devot$ to a s+le subject1 or to two important pictures1 :il/ bel[ ! transom ! lights are brok5 up into q little pictures2 or 9 place ( ^! small] pictures may be f\nd little panels ( h]aldry1 z occurs (t5 9 ,flemi% "w4 ,^! or ! small] pictures may be cont9u$ 9 ! sidelights ( a broad w9d[1 flank+1 & 9 a way fram+1 a l>ge c5tral picture4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! nave ( ,cologne ,ca!dral1 ! upp] half ( ! w9d[ may conta9 "o impos+ composition2 bel[ t may be a s]ies ( important s+le figures1 ea* provid$ ) its sep>ate canopy2 & bel[ t aga91 at ! base ( ! w9d[1 may be a s]ies1 or sev]al s]ies1 ( small h]aldic panels4 ,! canopy ext5d+ across a broad w9d[ 7page #bjj7 may be s s*em$ t !re is obvi\s recognition ( ! lights into :i* x is divid$1 or x may sprawl across ! w9d[ space ) z little reg>d to int]v5+ mullions z possible4 ,!re is n[1 9 %ort1 full scope = ! fancy ( ! arti/1 7 he nev] s fanciful2 & x w\ld be a hopeless task to try & catalogue ! l9es on :i* ! design ( a l>ge w9d[ might n[ be set out4 ,we d n 9 ! fifte5? c5tury arrive yet at ! mo/ rem>kable a*ievem5ts 9 glass pa9t+4 ,b y h only to comp>e su* pictures z ^? on pages #aid1 #aif1 ) t on page #abg to see :at a complete revolution has come ov] ! _s ( design4 ,x is n only t ! draughtsman has le>nt to draw1 & ! pa9t] to pa9t2 !y "w on q a diff]5t sy/em4 ,x 0 expla9$ 7page #dd7 h[ 9 e>ly days ! glazi] conceiv$ 8 design z mosaic1 h[ he fir/ ?\ght x out 9 lead l9es1 & only reli$ on pa9t to help him out 9 details :i* glaz+ c\ld n give him4 ,n[1 x is easy to see t ! pa9t] beg9s at ! o!r end4 ,he ?9ks out 8 picture z a pa9t+1 & relies ^u glaz+ only = ! col\r :i* he _c get )\t x4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 x 0 said1 ! glazi] might (t5 h fix$ 8 lead l9es1 & tru/$ to 8 +5uity to fill !m 9 ) pa9t$ detail4 ,n[1 x w\ld seem1 ! pa9t] might almo/ h sket*$ 8 picture1 & !n be?\ght him h[ to glaze x4 ,b t is n yet really s4 ,he did n ev5 conceive 8 design z a picture & !n translate x into glass4 ,8 "w runs s smoo?ly x _c be translation4 ,! +5uity ) :i* he leads up little bits ( col\r 9 ! mid/ ( :ite1 is no m]e feat ( eng9e]+2 x is spontane\s4 ,x is cle> t he _h ! ?\ght ( glaz+ 9 8 m9d all along--t he design$ = x1 9 fact4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ?irte5? c5tury & ! fifte5? c5tury design] is1 t "o ?9ks fir/ ( glaz+1 is prim>ily a glazi]1 ! o!r ?9ks fir/ ( pa9t+1 is prim>ily a pa9t]4 ,illu/ration3 #aej4 ,,fair=d4 ,illu/ration3 #aea4 ,,r5aissance ,,w9d[1 ,,troyes ,,ca!dral4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,,w9d[s4 ,! cu/om>y l9e betwe5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance glass is drawn at ab\t ,a4,d4 #aecj4 ,t is to say1 t !re are to be f\nd examples1 presumably ( t date1 :i* are /ill und\bt$ly ,go?ic 9 "*4 ,b he w\ld be a bold man1 ev5 = an ar*ologi/1 :o d>$ to say precisely :5 ! ,go?ic era came to an end4 ,q e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! new ,italian movem5t began to make itself felt 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,fl&]s2 9 due c\rse x spread to ?is c\ntry4 ,ev5tually x supplant$ ! old] /yle2 b x 0 only by degrees t x ins9uat$ itself into ! affections ( cis-alp9e craftsm54 ,& 9 /a9$ glass1 ev5 m pla9ly ?an 9 wood or /one c>v+1 is se5 h[ gradually ! new /yle 0 assimilat$ by ! m$ival craftsm5--m quickly1 ( c\rse1 by ! y\ng] g5]ation ?an ! old]--s t1 concurr5tly ) design 9 ! quasi-,italian mann]1 ,go?ic "w 0 /ill be+ done4 ,mu* ( ! e>li] ,r5aissance "w %[s l+]+ ,go?ic influ5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury a great deal ( glass 0 design$ & execut$ by m5 hesitat+ betwe5 ! old love & ! new1 only p>tially emancipat$ f m$ival tradition1 or only imp]fectly v]s$ 9 ! =eign /yle4 ,!re is a w9d[ at ,s4 ,nizi]1 at ,troyes1 = example1 9 :i* ! details are ,r5aissance1 b ! feel+ is q ,go?ic4 ,! subjects are ev5 expla9$ by elaborate yell[ scrolls or labels inscrib$ 9 black1 v mu* aft] ! mann] ( ^? :i* =m su* a feature 9 ! ,g]man ,go?ic "w at ,%rewsbury 7page #ahf74 ,r5aissance =ms are trac$ ) a h& :i* betrays long tra9+ 9 ! m rigid m$ival s*ool2 & ,go?ic & ,italian details are put toge!r 9 ! same composition ) a navet :i* is sometimes q *>m+4 ,y c see t ! design] ( ! w9d[ on page #bjc 0 n unt\*$ by ,r5aissance influ5ce4 ,possibly he ?\ght ! hybrid ornam5t 9 8 canopy 0 q up to date4 ,9 ! glass 9 ! nave ( ,cologne ,ca!dral ! suspicion ar\s$ by ! side columns ( ! o!rwise q ,go?ic canopy on page #aia is confirm$ by def9itely ,r5aissance =ms 9 ! ornam5t 9 ! w9d[ head4 ,aga91 at ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,pet]1 at ,cologne1 is a sort ( po9t$ canopy ) ornam5t :i* looks at fir/ l ,go?ic crockets1 b on ne>] view x is j ,italian arabesque 9 :ite & /a94 ,ap>t f ar*itectural accessories & detail ( co/ume or ornam5t1 to ju/ify ! attribution ( ! "w to ?is or t p]iod1 x is v (t5 difficult to give a "n to e>ly ,r5aissance "w2 ! only safe refuge is 9 ! conv5i5t ^w transitional4 ,b = ! nimbus 9 p]spective1 & ! %ield ( arms & its little amor9o support]1 x w\ld h seem$ safe to describe ! ,*>ge to ,s4 ,pet] f ,s4 ,v9c5t at ,r\5 on page #bjg z ,go?ic4 ,9 ,fr5* glass a l+]+ ,go?ic elem5t is noticeable at a p]iod :5 ,italian =ms _h firmly e/abli%$ !mselves 9 contempor>y pla/ic art2 b1 !n1 glass pa9t+ 0 n an ,italian art2 &1 :il/ wood c>v]s & sculptors 7 import$ f ,italy1 & directly influ5c$ ! ,fr5*m5 work+ ) !m1 glass pa9t+ rema9$ 9 ! h&s ( native arti/s4 ,be=e v long ! ,r5aissance did1 ( c\rse1 ass]t itself1 9 glass pa9t+ z 9 all art1 & we arrive at w9d[s absolutely diff]5t f any?+ t 0 done 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! *ange 0 9 "s places mu* m rapid ?an 9 o!rs4 ,:]ev] !re 0 a /rong man 8 influ5ce w\ld make = or aga9/ x4 ,b mean:ile mu* int]m$iate "w 0 done1 belong+ m or less to ! new s*ool1 :il/ reta9+ v mu* ( ! "* ( ,go?ic glass4 ,t ,go?ic "* 0 some?+ well wor? keep+2 = x is ! "* :i* belongs inh]5tly to ! mat]ial4 ,! ,go?ic glass pa9t]s did1 9 fact1 s ?or\ghly develop ! res\rces ( ! mat]ial1 t a ,r5aissance w9d[ treat$ really l glass inevitably sugge/s ! l+]+ ( ,go?ic tradition4 ,?is is no slight praise ( ,go?ic "w2 &1 by implication1 x tells aga9/ ! lat] ,r5aissance glass pa9t]s1 ^: triumphs 7 9 a direction some:at ap>t f _! craft4 ,! great w9d[s at ,brussels1 = example 7page #ga71 illu/rate a new dep>ture4 ,!y seem to h no?+ 9 common ) m$ival art4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o traces ! desc5t ( su* ma/]pieces ( transluc5t glass pa9t+ z are to be f\nd at ,arezzo 7page #cig71 ?r\gh ^? same int]m$iate ef=ts1 directly to ,go?ic s\rces4 ,illu/ration3 #aeb4 ,,/4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,%rewsbury4 ,to trace ! /eps by :i* ! new encroa*$ ^u ! old1 z "o may d1 = example1 at ,r\51 is almo/ to come to ! conclusion t ! %ort b brilliant p]iod ( ,r5aissance glass pa9t+ is really ! aft]-fruit ( ,go?ic tradition1 f]tilis$ only by ! great flood ( ,r5aissance feel+ :i* swept ov] sixte5? c5tury art4 ,n[h]e is ?is m cle>ly argu$ ?an 9 ! w9d[s at ,au*1 complet$1 accord+ to all acc\nts1 z e>ly z #aeac4 ,a /ra9 ( ,go?ic is betray$ by ! cusp+ :i* "h & !re fr+es a semicircul> canopy ar*2 b no less mi/akably m$ival is ! te*nique ?r\gh\t1 & equally s ! sett+ out ( ! w9d[s4 ,= ! some:at impos+ canopies are n1 = once1 devis$ z frames to correspond+ly important pictures2 b are simply %r9es adorn$ ) figures ea* conf9$ to its sep>ate light3 x is only ! small subsidi>y pr$ella or o!r su* pictures :i* ext5d beyond ! mullions4 ,no d\bt !re is doctr9al int5tion 9 ! juxtaposition ( ,prophets1 ,sibyls1 & ! re/--"o ( :om may ev5 be suppos$ to be address+ ! o!r--b to all int5ts & purposes decorative1 !y are j a r[ ( /&+ figures1 z di/9ct "o f ! o!r z ! usual s]ies ( figures "u q sep>ate canopies4 ,x is only ! canopy :i* connects !m4 ,?is k9d ( composition 7:i* is se5 aga9 at ,troyes1 page #bjj7 w\ld nev] h occurr$ to a man altoge!r cut (f f ,go?ic tradition4 ,illu/ration3 #aec4 ,,*apel ,,( ,,! ,,b\rbons1 ,,lyons4 ,illu/ration3 #aed4 ,s4 ,,god>d1 ,,r\54 ,x is wor? rem>k+ t1 ev5 :5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance canopies alt]nate at ,au* 9 a s+le w9d[1 or :]e ,go?ic ni*es are built1 z x 71 into or on to l>g] ,r5aissance /ructures1 !re is no appe>ance ( incongruity4 ,tru? to tell1 ! ,go?ic is n s purely ,go?ic1 nor ! ,r5aissance s purely ,r5aissance1 z t !y %\ld cla% "o ) ! o!r4 ,bo? are se5 ?r\gh ! temp]am5t ( ! arti/4 ,he mix$ !m 9 8 m9d2 & ! result is q "o1 8 /yle 9 %ort4 ,e>ly ,r5aissance glass submitt$ itself1 "o c h>dly say duly1 b almo/ z readily z late ,go?ic design1 to ! re/ra9t ( ,go?ic mullions4 ,! w9d[s 9 :i*1 z x happ5s1 "s ( ! be/ ,e>ly ,fr5* ,r5aissance "w is f\nd 7& x is 9 ,france t ! be/ is to be f\nd7 are (t5 small] ?an ! great ,p]p5dicul> w9d[s ref]r$ to1 & d n l5d !mselves to su* elaborate subdivision4 ,b ! l9es on :i* !y are subdivid$ are v mu* z h]et(ore4 ,! canopy /ill ext5ds ?r\gh sev]al lights1 & cov]s a s+le subject4 ,only n[ x is ,r5aissance 9 design4 ,t does n mean to say m]ely t r\nd ar*$ ar*itecture takes ! place ( po9t$4 ,! r\nd ar* occurs inde$1 z 9 ! w9d[s 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,b\rbons1 9 ,lyons ,ca!dral 7on pages #bjd & #cdi71 supplem5t$ by amor9i & fe/oons ( fruit4 ,b m (t5 ! canopy takes ! =m ( a frieze ( ,r5aissance ornam5t1 pa9t$ 9 :ite & /a91 z at ,s4 ,god>d1 ,r\5 7opposite71 or glaz$ 9 :ite on col\r1 z 9 ! ca!dral ( ! same city 7pages #ge1 #cej71 support$ at ea* end by a pila/]4 ,n seldom x resolves itself into arabesque only v remotely connect$ ) ar*itecture at all4 ,inde$1 if x simulate any?+1 x is goldsmi?'s "w r ?an masonry4 ,execut$1 z at ,r\5 7pages #ge1 #bjf71 9 brilliant yell[ on a d>k col\r$ gr\nd1 x has v mu* ! appe>ance & value ( beat5 gold4 ,t1 r ?an sculpture1 mu/ h be5 9 ! m9d ( ! design]4 ,"o =m ( imitation is n mu* bett] ?an ano!r2 b "h1 at all ev5ts1 !re is no?+ :i* 9 ! lea/ competes ) ! surr\nd+ ar*itecture2 & x w sc>cely be d5i$ by any "o :o takes ! lea/ int]e/ 9 ornam5t1 t design ( ?is k9d is va/ly m amus+ ?an ! dull array ( misplac$ p9nacles :i* (t5 did duty = ornam5tal detail 9 ,go?ic %r9ework4 ,a ,g]man v]sion ( a canopy :i* ceases almo/ to be a canopy & becomes m l arabesque1 is giv5 on page #cej4 ,t is support$ by columns 7! caps are %[n 9 ! illu/ration7 r out ( keep+ ) ! ornam5t !y support1 :i* makes v little pret5ce ( be+ ar*itectural4 ,! canopies on pages #bjd1 #cej1 are support$ only on little brackets at ea* side1 & h no %afts at all4 ,?is m>ks a new dep>ture4 ,! picture has n[ no frame at its sides1 only ! /one mullion4 ,illu/ration3 #aee4 ,s4 ,,patrice1 ,,r\54 ,illu/ration3 #aef4 ,,subject1 ,s4 ,,v9c5t1 ,,r\51 #aebe4 ,x 0 expla9$1 9 ref]5ce to glaz+1 :at confusion ( detail result$ f ! use ( leads ( :i* "s 7 int5d$ to =m "p ( ! design & "s n4 ,simil> confusion is inevitable :5 c]ta9 ( ! mullions are meant to be accept$ z frame to ! picture & o!rs to be ignor$4 ,! p]haps n v conspicu\s canopy is (t5 ! only h9t z to :i* ( ! /one divisions y are to accept z su*1 & :i* n4 ,ev5 t 0 n always !re to s]ve z a guide4 ,already1 z e>ly z #aebe1 ! date giv5 to ! w9d[ illu/rat+ ! life ( ,s4 ,pet] 7page #bjg71 ! canopy 0 sometimes annull$1 & ! w9d[ giv5 ov] entirely to picture1 ei!r "o complete subject or a s]ies ( small] ones4 ,! w9d[ d$icat$ to ,s4 ,pet] conta9s 9 its f\r lights eight equal subjects1 a plan adopt$ 9 sev]al o!rs ( ! w9d[s at ,s4 ,v9c5t1 ,r\54 ,9 a s]ies ( unfram$ subjects1 su* z ^!1 !re is mu* less dang] ( confusion %\ld "s "o prom95t figure recur ?r\gh\t always 9 ! same co/ume4 ,t is ! case "h1 & aga9 at ,*lons1 :]e ! figure ( ,our ,"l1 rob$ 9 purple1 is conspicu\s ?r\gh\t3 ! m9d grasps at a glance t ?is is n "o picture b a s]ies4 ,a *ange ( p]iod is indicat$ by ! dep>ture f ! disc-%ap$ nimbus4 ,on pages #bjg1 #baj1 #bcd1 #cig1 ! nimbus is %[n 9 p]spective2 an attempt is ev5 made to make x hov] above ! head1 an effect n possible to produce 9 lead$ glass2 ev5 at ,arezzo x is n a*iev$4 ,nei!r is ! use ( a m]e r+ ( light1 :e!r 9 flat or 9 p]spective1 a happy sub/itution = ! ,go?ic col\r disc1 z may be se51 = example1 at ,cologne4 ,! idea ( ! nimbus only keeps )9 ! bord] l9e :i* sep>ates ! sublime f ! ridicul\s1 s long z ! ?+ is frankly accept$ z a symbol1 n z an effect4 ,b1 7 x o!rwise1 ! use ( ! /rongly m>k$ disc ( col\r ab\t ! head ( prom95t p]sonages has an enorm\s value z a means ( di/+ui%+ !m f ! backgr\nd or f surr\nd+ figures4 ,its decorative importance is no less ?an its symbolic4 ,v especially is ?is s 9 glass2 & ! glass pa9t] :o wantonly dep>ts f its use1 r$uces x to a m]e r+ 7:i* does n sep>ate x at all f ! backgr\nd7 or poises x 9 ! air1 is beg9n+ to w&] f ! way1 n>r[ if y please1 :i* leads to success 9 glass4 ,?is is said ) "s reluctance 9 face ( ! all b p]fect little panel f ,s4 ,bonnet1 at ,b\rges1 on page #baj4 ,x is true t !re ! nimbus ( ! boy sa9t1 ?\gh 9 p]spective1 does by its d>k tone sep>ate ! head f ! light gr\nd1 z ! face is sep>at$ f ! d>k] drap]y ( 8 tea*]2 &1 9 s f>1 little ( def9ition is sacrific$2 b1 aft] all1 admirably z ! design is s*em$1 ! oval nimbus is n a :it less conv5tional ?an ! r\nd disc ( m$ival times1 & x does lack some?+ ( di/9ction & dignity :i* t convey$4 ,! date inscrib$ 7#aedd7 s]ves to rem9d u t we are ne>+ ! middle ( ! c5tury1 at :i* p]iod glass pa9t+ may safely be said to h rea*$ its z5i? & to be ne>+ ! v]ge ( decl9e4 ,x w h be5 se5 9 ! examples lately in/anc$ h[ /ory is gradually m & m naturally set =? 9 glass4 ,!re is n[ no ve/ige ( flat treatm5t left4 ,ev5 ! /&+ figure 7page #aia7 /&s =? f 8 ni*e1 & ?\gh he may be back$ by a curta9 ( damask1 !re is %[n above t a backgr\nd ( rec$+ ar*itecture4 ,s 9 ! ,s4 ,b]n>d w9d[s at ,%rewsbury 7pages #ef1 #bjc7 !re is ar*itectural di/ance %[n 9 p]spective1 & aga9 9 ! subjects f ,fair=d1 :e!r x be ! portcullis$ gate ( ,j]usalem t is repres5t$ 7page #bea71 or ! v inadequate palace ( ,k+ ,solomon 7page #ahh71 or ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 9 :i* ! sc5e ( ! ,temptation is primitively p\rtray$ 7page #cgb71 !re is "s attempt to r5d] ! sc5e4 ,ev5 9 ! fifte5? c5tury "w at ,troyes 7page #aid7 ! ,prodigal is n m]ely %[n among ! sw9e1 jo9+ !m 9 a d9n] ( gigantic acorns1 b he leans aga9/ an oak tree1 & 9 ! di/ance is a little =e/ ( trees4 ,9 ,r5aissance glass ! sc5e is mu* m naturally r5d]$1 & =ms almo/ inv>iably an important "p ( ! composition4 ,witness ! palace ( ,h]od 7page #gd7 :5 ,salome dances be=e him1 :i* is a great advance ^u ! ,go?ic ?rone-room ( ,k+ ,solomon 7page #ahh74 ,illu/ration3 #aeg4 ,,subject1 ,s4 ,,bonnet1 ,,b\rges4 ,! sc5e takes "o ( ?ree =ms3 ei!r x is ar*itectural1 or x is l&scape1 or x is ( ar*itecture & l&scape comb9$4 ,a v fav\rite plan ( ! ,fr5* 0 to %[ di/ant ar*itecture 7glaz$ 9 deep purple7 ?r\gh :i* 7 se5 glimpses ( grey sky1 & p]haps a peep ( l&scape2 & x result$ inv>iably 9 a beautiful effect ( col\r4 ,9 fact1 a s*eme ( col\r :i* recurs aga9 & aga9 at ,r\51 & 9 o!r ,fr5* glass ( ! fir/ "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 consi/s 9 ! introduction ( figures 9 ri* col\r & :ite ^u a backgr\nd :]e :ite1 gre51 purple1 & pale blue pr$om9ate to su* an ext5t z to give q a di/9ctive "* to ! glass4 ,! m di/ant l&scape 0 pa9t$ v delicately ^u ! pale grey-blue glass :i* s]v$ = sky1 z %[n on page #bee1 & 9 ! same way ar*itecture 0 also pa9t$ ^u x4 ,9 ! view ?r\gh ! ar*es above ! scre5 9 a w9d[ at ,montmor5cy 7page #bac71 bo? trees & build+s are repres5t$ 9 t way ^u pale grey glass1 ! gre5 ( ! trees & hills /a9$ ^u x4 ,sometimes ! di/ance is pa9t$ ^u :ite1 z at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge2 b 9 ,france ! pale grey-blue backgr\nd is s usual z to be q *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod4 ,all ?is is a long way f ! m]e diap] ( cl\ds :i* 9 ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury sometimes took ! place ( damask patt]n ^u ! blue :i* =m$ a backgr\nd to ! ,crucifixion1 or o!r sc5e out ( doors4 ,x is n[ no long] a case ( symbolis+1 b ( repres5t+1 ! sky1 & x is wond]ful :at atmosph]ic quality is obta9$ by ! judici\s use ( pale blue pa9t$ ) ! requisite delicacy4 ,! beauty ( ?is k9d ( "w1 especially on a small scale1 is beyond dispute4 ,toge!r ) ! r5d]+ ( ! fle%1 x implies consummate skill 9 pa9t+4 ,! pa9t] comes q to ! front2 b he ju/ifies himself inasmu* z he is able to hold ! place4 ,he does :at 8 ,go?ic pr$ecessors c\ld n h done1 & does x p]fectly4 ,c\ld ! ,go?ic arti/ h pa9t$ l ?is1 he also might h be5 tempt$ s f> 9 ! pictorial direction z to h sacrific$ "s ( ! /]n] qualities ( 8 design4 ,! ar*itectural environm5t ( ! figures on page #bac fulfils some:at ! function ( ! ,p]p5dicul> canopy2 x =ms a k9d ( sett+ ( :ite = ! col\r2 b1 9 ! fir/ place1 x does n pret5d to frame !m at ! side1 &1 9 ! second1 ! attempt at actual p]spective necessitates an am\nt ( %ad+ ^u ! :ite glass :i* detracts at once f its purity & f its value z sett+ to ! col\r4 ,! idea is !re t y see ?r\gh ! w9d[ into space2 &1 ?\gh t effect is nev] obta9$1 x is wond]ful h[ f> "s ( ! glass pa9t]s lat] 9 ! c5tury w5t t[>ds illusion4 ,a c]ta9 false air ( tru? 0 sometimes giv5 to ! w\ld-be deception by an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! w9d[-%ape--t is1 by mak+ ! =emo/ ar* or ar*es foll[ ! %ape ( ! w9d[ head1 & =m1 z x 71 a canopy los+ itself 9 p]spective4 ,ar*itecture prop] to ! subject1 or n too inappropriate to x1 is sometimes s*em$ s f> to accommodate itself to ! w9d[-%ape z to =m1 ) ! :ite pavem5t1 a m or less canopy-l sett+ = ! figures4 ,x may be a sort ( prosc5ium1 ! sides ( :i* rec$e into ! picture1 & =m :at may be call$ ! sc5]y4 ,at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 ,esau is se5 b>ga9+ away 8 bir?right at a table :]e /&s ! covet$ pottage1 9 ! mid/ ( spaci\s halls go+ back into di/ant vi/as1 se5 ?r\gh a sort ( canopy next ! actual /onework4 ,t concession to ! framework ( ! w9d[ does m5d matt]s some:at4 ,! base ( ! picture opposite1 = example1 is mu* m satisfactory ?an x w\ld h be5 _h x n ackn[l$g$ ! w9d[-sill2 b ! ar*itecture 9 ! top "p ( ! lights is n a frame to ! picture at all1 nor yet a f9i% to ! glass3 x is "p ( ! picture1 :i* ?us1 y may say1 occupies ! w9d[ z a picture its canvas4 ,9 reality t is n q s4 ,!re is "s ackn[l$gm5t1 ?\gh inadequate1 ( ! spr+ ( ! ar* by a horizontal cornice p>allel ) ! b>2 & ! arcad+1 ?\gh int]rupt$ by ! mullion & by ! m>ble columns1 /eadies ! design2 & altoge!r ! ar*itecture is plann$ ) +5uity1 ?\gh )\t frank en\gh acceptance ( ! w9d[-%ape4 ,"o w\ld be m tol]ant to su* misguid$ fre$om ( design 7 x n = ! k9d ( ?+ x l$ to4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t bo? ,fr5* & ,flem+s1 until !y began to =ce _! p]spective1 & to pa9t %ad[ heavily1 did v beautiful & effective "w 9 ?is way4 ,a multitude ( figures1 z1 = example1 9 ! ,judgm5t ( ,solomon at ,s4 ,g]vais1 ,p>is1 m or less 9 ri* col\r1 c\ld be held toge!r by di/ant ar*itecture & =egr\nd pavem5t l>gely consi/+ ( :ite glass1 9 a way :i* left little to be desir$1 except full] ackn[l$gm5t ( ! /onework4 ,b x took a ma/] ( design to d x1 & "o ) a f9e s5se ( bread? & ar*itectural fitness4 ,:5 su* ar*itecture 0 kept s light z to h ! full value ( :ite1 & :5 ! figures aga9/ x 7 also to a l>ge ext5t 9 :ite1 & ! col\r 0 introduc$ only 9 little pat*es & jewels skilfully design$ to =m1 "h ! sleeves ( a :ite-rob$ figure1 !re a headdress1 !re aga9 ! glimpse ( an und]skirt1 & s on--all +5i\sly design$ = ! express purpose ( introduc+ ri* col\r1 ! :ole %ot ?r\gh ) gold5 /a9--! effect is sometimes v beautiful4 ,illu/ration3 #aeh4 ,,sa9ts1 ,,*4 ,,( ,s4 ,,m>t91 ,,montmor5cy4 ,admirable ,flemi% "w1 ,r5aissance 9 detail1 b c>ry+ on ! traditions ( ,go?ic art1 is to be f\nd 9 pl5ty at ,lige1 bo? 9 ! ca!dral 7#aecj to #aeeg7 & at ,s4 ,m>t94 ,?is is excell5t 9 draw+ & composition1 mo/ highly f9i%$ 9 pa9t+1 f9e 9 col\r1 & silv]y z to its :ite glass1 :i* la/ is spl5didly /a9$4 ,9 ! same city !re is beautiful "w also at ,s4 ,jacques1 ) admirable treatm5t ( ! canopy on a l>ge scale4 ,x diff]s f ,fr5* "w inasmu* z x is ,flemi%1 j z ! glass at ! *ur* ( ,br\ diff]s 9 t !re is a *>act]i/ic ,burgundian flav\r ab\t x2 b ^? are details ( locality1 :i* d n especially affect ! c\rse ( glass pa9t+1 & :i* x w\ld be out ( place "h to discuss4 ,9 ,engl& we are n ri* 9 ,r5aissance glass4 ,! be/ we h is ,flemi%1 f ,h]k5rode1 n[ 9 ! ca!dral at ,li*field4 ,! great] "p ( ?is is collect$ 9 sev5 w9d[s ( ! ,lady ,*apel--no ne$ to expla9 :i*2 ! mis]able %ields ( arms 9 ! rema9+ two convict !mselves ( mod]nity4 ,9 ! trac]y1 too1 !re is "s old glass1 b x is lo/ 9 ! gl>e ( new glaz+ adjac5t4 ,o!rwise ?is glass is n mu* hurt by re/oration4 ,f\r ( ! w9d[s are treat$ mu* alike2 t is1 !y h ea* ?ree subjects1 ext5d+ ea* across ! ?ree lights ( :i* !y are compos$1 "s ) enclos+ canopy1 & "s )\t4 ,a fif? ?ree-light w9d[ is brok5 up into six ti]s ( subjects1 ea* ( :i* appe>s at fir/ sight z if x 7 conf9$ to ! limits ( a s+le light1 b !re is 9 fact connection betwe5 ! figures2 = example1 ( ?ree figures ! c5tral "o proves to be ! ,patron ,sa9t ( ! ,donor1 himself occupy+ "o ( ! sidelights1 & 8 wife ! o!r4 ,if ! ,sa9t is seat$ ! ,donors /&4 ,if he is repres5t$ /&+ !y kneel be=e him4 ,! two l>g] six-light w9d[s at ,li*field are divid$ ea* into f\r2 t is to say1 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! w9d[ h ea* a sep>ate subject :i* ext5ds lat]ally ?r\gh ?ree lights1 & 9 dep? occupies ) its canopy ab\t half ! entire height ( ! w9d[4 ,! ,li*field glass has v mu* ! "* ( t at ,lige4 ,s has ! ,flemi% glass n[ at ! ea/ end ( ,s4 ,george's1 ,hanov] ,squ>e1 a *ur* fam\s = its fa%ionable w$d+s4 ,?is is "s ( ! be/ glass 9 ,london1 well wor?y ! att5tion ( ! gue/s p5d+ ! arrival ( ! bride4 ,! design1 h[ev]1 is calculat$ to my/ify ! /ud5t1 until he becomes aw>e t ! lights =m "p ( a ,tree ( ,jesse1 adapt$1 n v intellig5tly1 to _! pres5t position1 & m>r$ by hide\s re/oration1 su* z ! pat* ( excruciat+ blue 9 ! robe ( ! ,virg94 ,! v9e1 execut$ 9 /a9 ^u :ite1 ) grapes 9 pot-metal purples1 is n ne>ly /rong en\gh to support ! figures2 ?is may be 9 "p due to ! decay ( ! pa9t1 :i* has proce$$ apace4 ,aga91 at ,*antilly 7page #bah7 may be se5 h[ lead l9es qu>rel ) delicate pa9t+4 ,! m delicate ! pa9t+1 ! great] ! dang] ( t--a dang] seldom altoge!r ov]come4 ,illu/ration3 #aei4 ,s4 ,,george',s1 ,,hanov] ,,squ>e1 ,,london4 ,! mo/ important s]ies ( ,r5aissance w9d[s 9 ?is c\ntry is 9 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge4 ,ind5tures /ill rema9 to tell u t ^! 7 contract$ = 9 #aeaf & #aebf4 ,ap>t f "s /rik+ly ,engli%-look+ figures 9 :ite & /a9 ^u qu>ry backgr\nds 9 a side *apel1 & o!r rema9s ( simil> "*1 & f a v beautiful w9d[ almo/ opposite ! door by :i* "o ent]s--diff]+ 9 type1 9 scale1 9 col\r1 altoge!r f ! o!r w9d[s--! glass ?r\gh\t ! huge *apel 0 obvi\sly plann$ at ! "t ( ! fir/ contract1 & !re is a c]ta9 symmetry ( arrangem5t ?r\gh\t :i* bespeaks ! p]iod ( transition4 ,! w9d[s consi/ ea* ( two ti]s ( five lights4 ,a five-light w9d[ (f]s "s difficulty to ! design] if he desire 7z 9 ! sixte5? c5tury he naturally did7 to introduce subjects ext5d+ across m ?an "o light4 ,a subject 9 two lights does n symmetrically balance ) a subject 9 ?ree4 ,he might c>ry 8 subject "r across ! w9d[1 b t might give him v likely a l>g] space to fill ?an he want$2 & besides1 ! "t 0 h>dly come = him to ?9k ( t4 ,he might c>ry x across ! c5tral gr\p ( ?ree2 b t w\ld leave him a s+le light on ea* side to dispose (4 ,rema9s ! idea ( a subject 9 two lights at ea* side ( ! w9d[1 & a c5tral composition occupy+ only "o light4 ,t 0 n a v usual plan1 al?\gh x 0 adopt$1 at ,fair=d = example1 :]e ! side subjects 9 two lights "u a canopy are effectually sep>at$ by a c5tral subject :i* has none4 ,at ,k+'s ! sidelights h no canopies fur!r ?an su* z may be accept$ z "p ( ! ar*itecture prop] to ! subject1 s*em$ m or less to frame ! picture 7z 9 ! case ( ! w9d[ at ,montmor5cy1 page #bac72 x is only 9 ! c5tre lights t ! figures 7two 9 ea* light1 "o above ! o!r7 are enclos$ 9 canopy "w4 ,^! figures 7describ$ z mess5g]s71 ) elaborately fl[+ scrolls ab\t !m inscrib$ ) texts ( ,scripture1 are _m ( !m q ,go?ic 9 "*1 ev5 ?\gh !y h ,r5aissance canopies ov] !m4 ,! designs ( ^! mo/ly d duty _m times ov]1 z if ?is m]ely decorative or descriptive "w 7 n ( mu* acc\nt2 & ! same figure occurs1 "h well pa9t$1 !re ill done1 or pa9t$ p]haps 9 a late1 loose way1 q out ( keep+ ) ! draw+3 !re is no sort ( sequ5ce 9 !m4 ,! notion ( ^! int]m$iate figures1 at once di/+ui%+ ! subjects "o f ! o!r1 & ?r[+ light ^u _! mean+1 is good4 ,b 9 effect x fails ( its object1 ?anks to ! indep5d5t _s ( ! lat] pa9t]s1 :o ?\ght m ( _! pictures ?an ( ar*itectural re/ra9t4 ,! subjects on ea* side ( ! w9d[ are v l>ge 9 scale1 v pictorially & v freely treat$1 v f9ely design$ at times1 & v spl5did 9 effect2 b !y are mo/ unequal1 & !y are all m or less ( a tangle4 ,_! confusion is ! great] inasmu* z !re is no attempt to balance "o picture ) ano!r4 ,a l&scape backgr\nd on "o side ( ! w9d[ answ]s to an ar*itectural backgr\nd on ! o!r4 ,on "o side ! int]e/ ( ! subject is t[>ds ! top ( ! lights1 on ! o!r to ! bottom1 & s on4 ,ei!r subject or bo? may be s m]g$ ) ! mess5g]s t a casual obs]v] w\ld h>dly be aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( su* p]sonages4 ,illu/ration3 #afj4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,psy*e1 ,,*antilly4 ,all ?is makes x difficult to trace ! subject2 & yet ! w9d[s are 9 a c]ta9 pictorial way ! m effective4 ,9 fact ! unity ( ! w9d[ has be5 pres]v$3 ! :ite l&scape on "o side1 & ! :ite ar*itecture on ! o!r1 make equally a sett+ = ! col\r1 & =m1 ) ! mess5g]s & _! little canopies1 "o fram+1 n sev]al frames4 ,"r or wrong1 ! arti/ has done :at he meant to d1 & done x (t5times v clev]ly1 ?\gh n ) uni=m success4 ,! inequality spok5 ( is n only 9 workman%ip b 9 design4 ,"s ( ^! pictures h *>act]i/ics1 su* z ! ne$less evasion ( lead+1 :i* "o associates r ) q ! end ( ! c5tury ?an ) any?+ l ! date ( ! second contract3 possibly ! execution ( ! "w ext5d$ ov] a long] p]iod ( "t ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ! w9d[s g5]ally1 rem>kable z !y are1 are n m>k$ly en\gh ( a p]iod to s]ve z an object lesson 9 glass design4 ,!y are nei!r q late en\gh to illu/rate ! decl9e ( art1 nor workmanlike en\gh to %[ ! culm9ation ( sixte5? c5tury design--pa9t]-l & pictorial1 b 9 :i* ! design] knew h[ to make ! mo/ ( ! glass 9 :i* x 0 to be wr\ght4 ,t is be/ se5 9 "s ( ! ,fr5* & ,flemi% "w above ref]r$ to1 9 ! "w1 = example1 at ,ec\5 & ,montmor5cy1 s fully illu/rat$ 9 ,monsieur ,magne's mo/ admirable monograph4 ,! figure1 = example1 ( ,william ( ,montmor5cy 7page #ff71 ! fa!r ( ! great ,anne1 might s]ve = a votive picture ( ! p]iod2 b x is design$1 nev]!less1 z only a man c>eful ( ! conditions "u :i* glass pa9t+ 0 done c\ld design4 ,c>eful ( conditions6 ,t is j :at ! design]s ( ! ,k+'s ,college glass 7 n1 or n en\gh4 ,& s beg9s ! end4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,lat] ,,r5aissance ,,w9d[s4 ,! magnific5t w9d[s ( ,van ,orley at ,s4 ,gudule1 ,brussels1 m>k 9 a s5se ! summit ( design1 z well z ( pa9t+1 9 /a9$ glass4 ,b x is design ( a k9d n /rictly prop] to ! mat]ial1 = :i* reason ! discussion ( 8 "w1 ?\gh x 0 done well )9 ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 has be5 res]v$ by way ( introduction to ! p]iod :i* x inaugurat$1 ! p]iod :5 ! glass pa9t] n m]ely put pa9t+ fir/ ( all1 b sacrific$ to x qualities peculi> to glass4 ,! heavy pa9t+ ( ?is "w & mu* t foll[$ x has already be5 discuss$4 ,b some?+ ( t 0 p]haps impli$ 9 ! v ideal ( ! pa9t]2 ! execution only foll[s out ! s*eme ( ! design4 ,! scope z well z ! p[] ( ! design] is bett] illu/rat$ 9 ! two great transept w9d[s1 ?an 9 ^? ( ! *apel ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,ev5 9 ! v inadequate r5d]+ ( ! "o ( !m on page #ga may be se5 h[ l>ge & dignifi$ ! man's conception 04 ,! effect is gorge\s2 b x is produc$ z simply1 = all ! unsurpass$ elaboration ( ornam5tal detail1 z a ,go? c\ld wi%4 ,an unsophi/icat$ design] ( ! ?irte5? c5tury c\ld sc>cely h gone m directly to "w4 ,he w\ld n h gr\p$ 8 figures ) su* art1 b he w\ld h sep>at$ ea* f ! o!r & f ! gr\nd 9 mu* su* a /raight=w>d way4 ,yet ! motif ( ! design1 ! idea ( mak+ figures & ar*itecture /& z x 7 9 /rong & r\nd relief aga9/ ! light1 w5t f> to br+ ab\t excessive use ( pa9t2 & ! design is !re=e 9 a measure at fault1 z 0 ! lat] ,ne!rl&i% "w1 f\nd$ ^u x1 ( :i* x may be tak5 z ! nobl] type4 ,x is a f> cry f ! sl5d] ,p]p5dicul> canopy to ?is triumphal ar*4 ,! ar*itecture is "h no frame to ! picture1 b ! backbone ( ! picture itself1 & x is dispos$ 9 ! mo/ ma/]ly way4 ,x takes ! place ( a magnific5t high alt>4 ,sometimes 9 compositions ( ?is k9d ! alt>-l canopy en%r9es a ri* picture1 j z v]itable /onework might frame a pa9t$ alt>-piece1 :il/ 9 ! =egr\nd kneel ! ,donors4 ,9 ?is case ,*>les ! ,fif? & 8 wife ,isabella & _! att5dant sa9ts are ! picture1 ! object ( _! adoration1 ! ,almighty1 be+ relegat$ to "o ( ! side ar*es4 ,simil>ly 9 a ?ree-light w9d[ 7( mu* m glassy "*1 h[ev]7 at ,montmor5cy1 ,guy de ,laval has ! c5tral position1 & ! crucifix be=e :i* he kneels is put on "o side4 ,?is is r *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury w9d[s 7 erect$1 n s mu* to ! glory ( ,god1 z to ! glorification ( ! ,donor1 :o claim$ a =emo/1 if n ! v c5tral1 place = himself4 ,! donor 0 no d\bt always1 z to ?is day1 an important p]son 9 connection ) ! putt+ up ( a /a9$ glass w9d[4 ,b 9 e>ly days he 0 cont5t to efface himself1 or if he appe>$ ^u ! sc5e at all x 0 9 m9iature1 mode/ly pres5t+ ! little image ( 8 gift 9 a l[] corn] ( ! w9d[4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury he is /ill cont5t ) ! space ( a small panel1 be>+ 8 effigy or 8 arms1 at ! base ( ! w9d[4 ,ev5 9 ! fifte5? he is cont5t at times to be repres5t$ by 8 patron sa9t1 z 9 ! beautiful w9d[ 9 ! *apel ( ,jacques ,coeur1 at ,b\rges4 ,9 ! sixte5? he is v mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,no scruple ( mode/y1 or suspicion ( unwor?9ess1 re/ra9s him f putt+ 9 an appe>ance 9 ! mid/ ( ! mo/ s]i\s & sacr$ sc5es1 v mu* sometimes to ! confusion ( ! /ory4 ,ev5tually ! donor1 8 wife1 & p]haps 8 family1 ) _! patron sa9ts1 :o lit]ally back !m up 9 _! obtrusiv5ess1 claim1 if !y d n absorb1 all our att5tion1 & ! sacr$ subject takes q a back place4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ( ! sc5e ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t :i* occupies ! great we/ w9d[ at ,s4 ,gudule1 ,brussels1 kneels ! donor1 ) att5dant angels1 on a scale mu* l>g] ?an ! re/ ( ! _w1 compet+ 9 fact 9 importance ) ! figure ( ,our ,"l 9 ,maje/y above4 ,h[ev]1 ! va9-glory ( pr9ces & seigneurs result$ 9 ! production ( works ( su* consummate art t1 z arti/s1 we c b be grateful to !m4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! spl5did a*ievem5t ( ,van ,orley1 :o %all say t ! arti/ does n ju/ify himself8 ,no?+ equal to x 9 its way 0 ev] done4 ,illu/ration3 #afa4 ,,! ,,p>able ,,( ,,! ,,ph>isee ,,& ,,! ,,publican1 ,,g\da4 ,x may n be accord+ to ! /rict rules ( ! game3 x is n2 b t x is magnific5t1 no fair-m9d$ arti/ c d5y4 ,our j cause ( qu>rel is1 n ) t1 b ) :at t l$ to1 :at t became 9 less compet5t h&s4 ,x is ! price we pay = /rong m5 t !y induce weak ones to foll[ !m 9 a direction :]e !y are b\nd to fail4 ,van ,orley's triumphant answ] to any c>p+ ( ours w\ld be1 to po9t to ! great we/ w9d[ ( ! ca!dral1 design$ on e>li] & m or?odox l9es1 & say3 ,comp>e6 ,we h no "r to limit art to :at small folk c d4 ,! fur!r developm5t ( ! ,ne!rl&i% canopy is %[n 9 ! ,g\da glass above4 ,"h is /ill consid]able skill 9 ! way 9 :i* ! w9d[ is set out1 & ! pat*es ( col\r are introduc$ 7= example1 9 ! two figures lean+ on ! balcony & ! wrea? ( leaves & fruit above !m7 amid/ ! pr$om9ant :ite1--if only ! :ite glass _h be5 :it] 9 effect4 ,b !re is altoge!r too mu* ( ?is ar*itectural "w1 ev5 ?\gh x is us$1 9 ! pictur$ p>able at lea/1 to dramatic purpose4 ,! notion ( ! ,ph>isee ge/iculat+ away 9 ! f> di/ance1 :il/ ! ,publican mode/ly fills ! =egr\nd1 is clev]ly conceiv$ & skilfully c>ri$ out2 b ! picture is ov]p[]$ by its pond]\s frame4 ,illu/ration3 #afb4 ,,g\da1 #aeif4 ,x is 9 ! wond]ful s]ies ( late sixte5? c5tury w9d[s at ,g\da1 9 ,holl&1 t ! fulle/ & fur!/ developm5t ( pictorial design is %[n4 ,! p]iod ( _! execution ext5ds f #aeee to #afjc2 &1 z !y are admitt$ly ! f9e/ works ( _! day1 !y may be tak5 to repres5t ! be/ "w ( ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!y are1 9 fact1 typical ( ! p]iod1 only at its be/2 x is n (t5 t "w ( t date 0 design$ ) su* p[] or pa9t$ ) su* skill4 ,! diagrams giv5 "h & on pages #gi1 #bdd1 #beh1 d no mann] ( ju/ice to ! glass2 b !y w help ! read] bett] to und]/& :at is said conc]n+ x4 ,!y indicate at lea/ ! l9es on :i* ^! d>+ design]s plann$ _! huge w9d[s1 ! ma9 l9es :i* pictorial design on a l>ge scale is de/9$ h5ce=? to take4 ,9 ! cl]e/ory ( ,s4 ,eu/a*e1 ,p>is1 are "s l>ge two-light w9d[s :i* some:at recall ! ,g\da "w2 b ! design is r orig9al4 ,"o va/ ar*itectural composition 9 :ite1 n v heavily pa9t$1 fills ! w9d[1 aga9/ :i* /& a s]ies ( giant ,apo/les 9 col\r1 "o 9 ea* light1 occupy+ ab\t "o-?ird ( ! height ( ! w9d[4 ,?is mu* recognition ( ! sep>ate op5+s is some?+ to be ?ankful = t[>ds ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #afc4 ,s4 ,,sebald',s1 ,,nuremb]g4 ,a /rik+ feature1 we h se51 ab\t ! lat] ,r5aissance canopy z %[n at ,g\da1 & already at ,brussels1 is its va/ dim5sions4 ,x no long] frames ! picture3 x is a prom95t1 sometimes ! mo/ prom95t1 feature 9 its design4 ,ev5 e>li] ?an t ! canopy 0 already sometimes ( v consid]able ext5t4 ,at ,s4 ,sebald's1 ,nuremb]g1 !re is a great alt>-l canopy end+ 9 a p$im5t ab\t two-?irds ( ! way up ! w9d[1 ) pla9 :ite glass above1 9 :i* ! %aft+ at ! side takes up practically ! entire wid? ( ! two out] lights1 z "h %[n 9 ! diagram ( a portion ( ! glass4 ,yet ?is w9d[ is z e>ly z ! ye> #aeae1 & be=e ! p]iod :5 masses ( deep %ad[ 7 repres5t$ by pa9t4 ,accord+ly ! canopy 9 ?is in/ance is glaz$ 9 pot-metal ( /eely grey-blue1 :i*1 ) ! little figures1 ma9ly 9 /eely grey arm\r aga9/ a :ite gr\nd1 & ! h]aldic %ields at ! side1 ma9ly 9 r$ & :ite1 all v slightly %ad$1 has a s+ul>ly fre%1 bright1 & delicate effect4 ,ano!r in/ance ( prepond]at+ ar*itectural "w occurs also at ,nuremb]g 9 ! *oir ( ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,lor5z1 & ?\gh x belongs to ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 t too is lead$ up mu* z x might h be5 9 ! fifte5?4 ,b ! great clumsy column1 opposite1 ) its clumsi] figure ( ,fame1 aga9/ a ruby backgr\nd ext5d+ "r up to ! /onework ( ! w9d[1 is n a satisfactory fill+ to ! out] light ( a big w9d[4 ,! la/ ?+ to expect ( late ,r5aissance "w is mode/y 9 ! use ( ar*itectural accessories1 :e!r 9 ! =m ( frame or backgr\nd4 ,frame & backgr\nd !y are n2 !y claim to be all or no?+4 ,j z ornam5tal design 0 gradually pu%$ out ( use by figure "w1 s ! picture 0 9 "t ov]p[]$ by its frame4 ,& ! frame 0 9 ! end su* t1 :5 x came to be disc>d$1 x 0 n mu* loss4 ,illu/ration3 #afd4 ,s4 ,,lor5z1 ,,nuremb]g4 ,9 ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury & !nce=w>d design cont9u$ to travel 9 ! direction ( :at 0 meant = a sort ( realism4 ,if ! m or less alt>-l canopy 0 reta9$1 x 0 meant to appe> z if x /ood bodily "u ! ar* ( ! w9d[2 if x 0 ab&on$1 y 7 suppos$ to see m or less ?r\gh ! w9d[1 p]haps into di/ant c\ntry1 p]haps into rec$+ aisles ( ! *ur*4 ,x =m$ "p ( ! canopy s*eme1 t ! /ructure %\ld end be=e x rea*$ ! top ( ! w9d[1 s t y c\ld see beyond x into space4 ,! design]s w\ld h be5 only too happy if !y c\ld h done away ) ! glass above t4 ,if !y _h _h big %eets ( plate glass1 !y w\ld c]ta9ly h us$ !m to produce ! effect ( out ( doors--!re 0 already a ple9 air s*ool 9 ! eighte5? c5tury--z !y _h n1 !y 7 oblig$ to accept ! inevitable1 & lead up _! :ite glass2 b !y w5t z f> z !y c\ld to do+ away ) its effect1 us+ ?91 transp>5t mat]ial1 :i* 0 n meant to appe> z ?\gh x =m$ "p ( ! composition4 ,occasionally !y w\ld use pale blue glass1 or t9t x 9 a blue enamel1 fur!r to sugge/ ! sky beyond4 ,?is 7page #bbb7 w\ld commonly be glaz$ 9 squ>es4 ,! pure :ite glass also 0 (t5 glaz$ 9 squ>e or1 z at ,brussels1 diamond qu>ries 7page #ga74 ,subjects !mselves1 x has be5 expla9$1 came to be glaz$ z mu* z possible 9 rectangul> panes2 b x m>ks1 x may "h be m5tion$1 a decl9e ( design1 z well z ( te*nique1 :5 ^! came to int]f]e 9 any way1 z !y did1 ) ! draw+4 ,hav+ made up 8 m9d t 8 design is to be glaz$ 9 rigid squ>e l9es1 ! arti/ %\ld logically h design$ accord+ly4 ,he _h only to m>k (f ! glaz+ l9es on 8 c>toon1 & s*eme 8 composition s t x 0 n hurt by !m4 ,t[>ds ! sev5te5? c5tury ! pla9 glass1 ! extra "p beyond ! canopy or beyond ! picture1 w\ld (t5 be glaz$ 9 "s simple patt]n4 ,t1 y might imag9e1 /ood = ! w9d[ beh9d ! picture or ! monum5t4 ,at ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,jacques1 ,antw]p1 above a picture ( ! ,circumcision1 is a canopy lead$ 9 squ>es & pa9t$ to look l falsehood1 beyond :i* cle> glass is glaz$ 9 a patt]n4 ,occasionally an attempt is made to m]ge ! picture into ! pla9 glaz+ above1 z at ,s4 ,paul's1 ,antw]p1 :]e ! yell[ sky1 aga9/ :i* is %[n ! di/ant city1 & s on1 is glaz$ 9 squ>es1 :i* fur!r (f become gradually :ite1 & !n at _! int]/ices h small] diamond-%ap$ pieces ( glass let 94 ,:]e a subject glaz$ 9 qu>ries is repres5t$ aga9/ a backgr\nd ( pla9 glaz+ ( m elaborate design1 !re is difficulty 9 jo9+ ! two1 except by means ( a /rong lead outl9e to ! figures1 or :atev] may come next to ! pla9 glass1 :i* outl9e ! sev5te5? c5tury design] 0 anxi\s be=e all ?+s to avoid4 ,accord+ly1 z ! pla9 patt]n "w approa*$ ! m>g9 ( ! pa9t$ "w1 he replac$ ! leads by pa9t1 :i* %am leads1 ( c\rse1 c\ld be made to disappe> z seem$ good to him4 ,b ^! little games ( 81 to judge by results1 7 h>dly wor? ! c&le4 ,x w be se5 h[1 9 ! ,fr5* glass on page #bjj1 ! canopy came to be back$ & surr\nd$ by unpa9t$ glass1 qu>ries 9 t case4 ,!re ! canopy suffici5tly occupies ! w9d[ space n to /rike "o unpleasantly2 b t is sixte5? c5tury "w2 lat]1 & especially 9 ,fl&]s1 canopies are repres5t$1 z 9 ! ca!dral at ,antw]p 7#afae71 adrift1 z x 71 9 a sea ( pla9 glaz+4 ,ev5 :5 ! glass has "s quality ( glass ! effect ( t is n happy4 ,:5 ! glass is ?9 & transp>5t x is disa/r\s4 ,at ,s4 ,jacques1 ,antw]p1 aga91 coats ( arms hov] unsupport$ 9 mid-air1 ! m]e l9es ( ! glaz+ be+ q inadequate to _! app>5t support4 ,x is diff]5t1 ( c\rse1 :]e ! h]aldic device1 z opposite1 is itself little m ?an pla9 glaz+4 ,t is a v mild =m ( art2 b1 9 its way1 x is satisfactory en\gh4 ,p]haps lea/ =tunate ( all 9 effect are ! l&scapes at ,s4 ,jacques1 :i* float1 )\t ev5 a canopy to frame !m1 9 an atmosph]e ( lead$ glass4 ,antw]p is ri* 9 glass1 mu* ( x v clev]ly execut$1 :i* w\ld s]ve v well to illu/rate h[ n to design a w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 #afe4 ,,g\da1 #afhh4 ,! place ( ! canopy 0 suppli$ sometimes1 especially 9 lat] ,ne!rl&i% "w1 by ! c>t\*e s de> to ! ,dut*4 ,x fulfill$ v mu* ! (fice ( ! canopy1 fram+ ! design2 &1 _h x be5 kept :ite1 x w\ld h fram$ x well1 af=d+ circul> & o!r %apes :i* =m a welcome v>iation ^u ! usual ar*$ op5+4 ,b x 0 n :ite at all2 v mu* ! rev]se4 ,inde$ ! idea ( ! ,dut* c>t\*e1 ) its int]p5etration ( p>ts1 & curl+ & project+ /raps & bolts1 tempts ! pa9t] to a heavy me?od ( pa9t+1 de/ructive ( ! v quality ( :ite4 ,! device dep5ds = its effect f> too mu* ^u =ce ( %ad[ to be ( any great use 9 :ite glass4 ,! comp>atively e>ly c>t\*e 9 ! l[] half ( ! w9d[ at ,g\da1 giv5 on page #bbc1 is ( ! simple/ k9d1 & has none ( t too-s$uctive bolt "w2 b x is dull & heavy 9 effect1 be+ pa9t$ 9 heavy br[n1 ) ! idea ( giv+ atmosph]ic effect to ! picture suppos$ to be se5 ?r\gh x4 ,illu/ration3 #aff4 ,,pla9 ,,glaz+1 ,s4 ,,g]vais1 ,,p>is4 ,a great c>t\*e is (t5 us$ z a k9d ( base to a canopy ext5d+ across ! :ole wid? ( a wide w9d[1 or ! base ( ! canopy may include a v important c>t\*e1 occupi$ 9 ei!r case by a long inscription4 ,"h aga9 ! oblong pat* ( :ite or yell[ may h value1 9 proportion z x is all[$ to pres]ve ! quality ( glass4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 some?+ poor & mean ab\t l>ge areas ( small lett]+1 & x is a pity to see ! opportunity :i* bold inscriptions give q ?r[n away4 ,moreov]1 ! inscriptions are inv>iably too long4 ,! fram]s ( inscriptions d n realise ! multitude ( read]s !y sc>e away by ! volume ( _! word+4 ,! design ( a w9d[ at ,s4 ,jacques1 ,antw]p1 consi/s m]ely ( an inscription label1 ) a helmet above & mantl+ 9 black & :ite 7! black1 ( c\rse1 pa9t7 set 9 pla9 glaz+4 ,up to ! v la/ :ole w9d[s 7 glaz$ v (t5 9 pla9 patt]ns1 usually all 9 cle> :ite glass4 ,a c\ple ( designs1 into :i* a little col\r is introduc$1 are giv5 bel[ & opposite4 ,9 spite ( ! increas$ facility = cutt+ glass1 af=d$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury by ! use ( ! diamond1 patt]ns 7 seldom v elaborate2 b1 by way ( illu/rat+ :at c be done by means ( ! diamond1 !re is %[n ov]leaf q a conjur+ feat ( glaz+4 ,! ?ick black l9es 9 ! draw+ repres5t ! leads2 ! :ite spaces enclos$ are pla9 :ite glass1 r poor 9 quality2 ! ?9n] l9es /& = cracks1 possibly n1 or n all ( !m1 ( ! glazi]'s do+1 = x w\ld be almo/ impossible to h&le su* "w )\t break+ x4 ,x is well-nigh incr$ible t ea* ( ^! fleurs-de-lys %\ld h be5 cut out ( a s+le piece ( glass1 ! m>g9al b& to x out ( a second1 & s ) ! backgr\nd spaces4 ,glazi]s may be incl9$ to "q ! possibility ( su* a t\r de =ce1 ev5 9 poor ?9 glass4 ,c]ta9ly "o w\ld n h ?\ght x possible2 b !re x is1 9 ! museum at ,ang]s1 close to ! eye1 :]e y c see & exam9e x4 ,?is is glaz+ ) a v5geance4 ,x is n ! sort ( ?+ t any "o w\ld und]take1 except z a trial piece1 to %[ 8 skill2 b if ev] a glazi] des]v$ 8 diploma ( ma/]%ip "h is ! man4 ,illu/ration3 #afg4 ,,pla9 ,,glaz+1 ,,lisieux4 ,illu/ration3 #afh4 ,a ,,t\r ,,de ,,=ce ,,9 ,,glaz+1 ,,ang]s ,,museum4 ,! composition ( "s ( ! w9d[s belong+ to ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury at ,troyes does n foll[ ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ! p]iod4 ,! bett] "p ( ?is1 if n ! great]1 is attribut$ to ,l9>d ,gonti] 7#afjf-afdh74 ,b ! design ( ^! w9d[s1 & ! /yle ( !m1 is s v>i$1 & sometimes s little ( ! p]iod1 t "o is dispos$ to ?9k1 ei!r t he 0 a pa9t] only & did n design !m at all1 or t he borr[$ 8 designs freely f ,italian & o!r s\rces4 ,! panel on page #djj1 ! ,virg9 girt ) cl\ds & *]ubs1 di/9ctly recalls ! "w ( ! ,della ,robbia ,s*ool2 & aga9 ! figures opposite rem9d "o ( late sixte5? c5tury pa9t+s4 ,an unusual ?+1 h[ev]1 ab\t "s ( ^! w9d[s is ! way !y are set out4 ,! disposition ( ! design ( ! ?ree-light w9d[ f ,s4 ,m>t9 s ,vignes is z simple & sev]e z ?\gh x _h be5 ,go?ic4 ,! glaz+1 too1 is n 9 squ>es1 b foll[s ! design4 ,except = ! r robu/i\s draw+ ( ! figures1 & ! futile k9d ( detail :i* does duty = canopy "w1 ! glass might belong to ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #afi4 ,,?ree ,,lights1 ,s4 ,,m>t9-,s-,,vignes1 ,,troyes4 ,aga91 9 ! subject ( ! m>riage ( ,,ss4 ,joa*im & ,anna on page #bcd1 x is r by ! types ( feature & ! ca/ ( drap]ies1 ?an by ! composition1 t ! date ( ! "w proclaims itself4 ,x is proclaim$1 ( c\rse1 unmi/akably by ! use ( enamel1 n only 9 ! w>m-col\r$ fle%1 b ?r\gh\t1 to support1 & sometimes to supply ! place (1 pot-metal glass4 ,nev]!less1 ! effect ( mu* ( ?is glass is brilliant to a degree almo/ unprec$5t$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! pa9t] _h skill en\gh to get ! maximum ( modell+ ) ! m9imum ( pa9t4 ,he c\ld af=d1 !re=e1 to use pa9t sp>+ly1 leav+ pl5ty ( glass cle>1 & seldom sacrific+ its transluc5cy1 z 0 done 9 ! gr\p ( donors on page #ha1 ^: black mantles are r5d]$ 9 solid pa9t4 ,^? heavily pa9t$ figures recall a c\ple ( ,donors 9 a w9d[ at ,antw]p 7#afbf71 equally black rob$1 aga9/ a ne>ly black scre51 all 9 pa9t3 !y w\ld h made a capital votive picture2 b !y are ab\t z unlike glass z any?+ "o c conceive4 ,exceptionally good sev5te5? c5tury "w is to be f\nd also at ,au*4 ,x seems t x 0 propos$ 7t[>ds #afej7 to complete ! w9d[s 9 a way wor?y ( ! spl5did beg9n+ 9 ! *oir2 b ! art 0 n =?com+2 & ! ,*apt] ( t day 0 wise en\gh to fall back ^u comp>atively unimportant qu>ry w9d[s1 ) bord]s & trac]y 9 :ite & /a9 & blue enamel1 :i* is at lea/ brilliant 9 col\r1 & pleas+ 9 effect4 ,t may be said also ( ! ,we/]n ,rose4 ,9 ! ,roses ( ! transepts1 ! arti/ goes fur!r1 & produces1 by means ( arabesque 9 :ite & /a91 ^u a gr\nd ma9ly ( blue & ruby1 occasionally v>i$ by gre51 ea* light def9$ by a simple bord] ( :ite & /a91 a c\ple ( flamboyant ,rose w9d[s ) glass :i* w\ld d cr$it to ! p]iod ( ! /onework4 ,!y might well 7at ! di/ance !y are plac$ f ! eye7 be tak5 at fir/ sight = ,e>ly ,r5aissance "w4 ,9 fact !y are really mosaic glass--s r>e a ?+ by ?is "t t ! w9d[s are probably ( _! k9d unique4 ,ev5 at its be/ enamell$ glass is less effective ?an ! e>li] "w4 ,9 proportion z ! place ( pot-metal is suppli$ by enamel1 ! col\r is inevitably dilut$1 & at times x is q ?94 ,inde$1 x is pretty well prov$1 by ! "w ( m5 :o are ma/]s 9 _! way1 t1 9 pa9t$ z di/+ui%$ f mosaic glass1 ! *oice lies betwe5 weak col\r & opacity4 ,at ,au* & at ,troyes we h weak b /ill (t5 pure & brilliant col\r4 ,! opposite defect ( opacity rea*es probably its greate/ dep? 9 ! f\r great ,rub5s-l w9d[s at ,s4 ,gudule 9 ! *apel ( ,our ,lady imm$iately opposite t ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t1 :]e ,van ,orley's w9d[s are4 ,! design is !re absolutely reg>dless ( any consid]ation ( glass or ar*itecture4 ,ea* w9d[ is treat$ z a va/ oil picture1 )\t s mu* z a frame4 ,"h is no vi/a ( di/ant ar*itecture1 nor any su* relief ( light] col\r z y f9d at ,g\da4 ,=ce ( col\r is s\ght by masses ( deep %ad[1 into :i* ! figures m]ge4 ,?is %ad[ be+ obta9$ by pa9t1 & ! glaz+ be+ 9 ! n[ usual squ>es1 !re are lit]ally y>ds ( pa9t$ qu>ries1 :i*1 except :5 ! sun is at its fi]ce/1 are all b black4 ,& )al ! effect is n ri* z comp>$ ) ev5 ! common ,go?ic glass1 ?\gh x is n )\t a c]ta9 picturesqu5ess :5 p]*ance ! sun /ruggles ?r\gh4 ,a pa9t] might f9d x an admirable backgr\nd to 8 picture2 no ar*itect w\ld *oose x = 8 build+4 ,?ree ( ^! w9d[s 7 design$1 x seems1 by a pupil ( ,rub5s1 ,van ,?uld51 :o work$ "u him at ! ,luxemb\rg1 & !y h all ! "* ( 8 "w--except t ! col\r is dull4 ,at ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 are "s small] w9d[s ) figures1 also recall+ ! mann] ( ! ma/]1 & said to be by pupils ( 84 ,!y1 too1 are dull & heavy 9 effect4 ,! canopies ov] ! figures are t]rible c>icatures ( ! ,go?ic %r9es 9 ! ante-*apel4 ,bett] sev5te5? c5tury glass is to be f\nd at ,ox=d 9 ! "w ( ! ,van ,l+51 a family ( ,dut*m5 settl$ 9 ,engl&1 :o execut$ w9d[s 9 ,wadham & ,balliol ,colleges & else:]e4 ,"s ( ^! are ri* 9 col\r4 ,ap>t f ! r int]e/+ use ( enamel made 9 !m1 !y are n ( great value2 b !y %[ z well z m important examples ! k9d ( ?+ :i* did duty = design4 ,! w9d[s 9 ,l9coln's ,inn ,*apel1 ,london1 illu/rate n unfairly ! dre>y level ( dulness z to col\r & design to :i* sev5te5? c5tury glass decl9$4 ,t x c\ld fall /ill l[] 0 %[n1 = example1 by ,peckitt1 ( ,york1 :o is responsible = ! glass on ! nor? side ( ,new ,college ,*apel1 ,ox=d1 fac+ ! "w ( ! ,dut*m54 ,^! date f #agfe to #aggd4 ,illu/ration3 #agj4 ,,/4 ,,m>t9 ,s ,,vignes1 ,,troyes4 ,! hi/ory ( eighte5? c5tury w9d[s may1 if "o may plagi>ise a fam\s bull1 be put into ! fewe/ possible words3 !re 7 none--wor? look+ at4 ,to f9d pleasure ev5 9 ,sir ,jo%ua's design at ,new ,college1 y mu/ consid] x z any?+ b glass4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,picture-,,w9d[s4 ,! c\rse ( glass design 0 picture-w>d4 ,picture design1 h[ev]1 did n /& /ill1 & h5ce arises "s confusion 9 ! use ( ! ^w pictorial4 ,x is "t to try & cle> t up4 ,/a9$ glass1 x may be truly said1 has be5 f ! v fir/ pictorial4 ,! e>lie/ glass1 !re=e1 & ! late/1 ! be/ & ! wor/1 may alike be t]m$ pictorial4 ,! diff]5ce is 9 ! conception z to :at con/itut$ a picture1 say1 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury & ! sev5te5?4 ,x all dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( picture attempt$4 ,ar*aic art aims already at nature4 ,we probably d n give ! e>ly pa9t] cr$it en\gh = 8 int5tion ( r5d]+ natural ?+s naturally4 ,9 "p at lea/ ! /iffness ( 8 design comes f lack ( skill1 & (t5 :]e we f9d him qua9t he meant no d\bt to be p]fectly s]i\s & matt]-(-fact4 ,b x 0 n alone incompet5ce t held 8 h&4 ,he 0 re/ra9$ always by a decorative purpose 9 8 "w4 ,"h aga9 he 0 n consci\s ( sacrific+ to any high] rule ( art2 he bo!r$ himself z little ab\t t z a bee ab\t ! way x %all fa%ion its cell2 he work$ 9 ! way to :i* he 0 born2 b ! idea _h n yet develop$ itself t a picture c\ld be pa9t$ q ap>t f ! decoration ( some?+1 & x nev] ent]$ 8 m9d to d any?+ b adapt himself to ! decorative situation4 ,a picture1 !n1 9 m$ival times 0 a "w ( decorative art1 design$ to fit a place1 to fulfil "p ( a s*eme ( decoration1 9 :i* x might m (t5 ?an n take ! fir/ place1 b no m2 x _h no claim to indep5d5ce4 ,9 glass ! picture obey$ two conditions :i* m or less pull$ toge!r3 z art x subs]v$ to decorative & ar*itectural effect2 z craftsman%ip x ackn[l$g$ & accept$ ! limitations ( glass pa9t+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ye>s ! ideal ( ar*itectural fitness und]w5t successive *anges1 & ! limitations ( ! glass pa9t] grew less2 8 scope1 t is to say1 0 wid5$1 & 8 art took :at we call m pictorial %ape4 ,/ill1 s long z ! pictorial ideal itself 0 re/ra9$ )9 ! limits ( m$ival ambition1 glass pa9t+ might safely approa* ! pictorial4 ,x 0 n until pa9t+ broke loose f traditional decorative trammels & set up1 s to speak1 on its own acc\nt1 until pictorial came to mean some?+ widely diff]5t f decorative1 t ! t]m became 9 any way di/9ctive ( "o k9d ( art or ano!r4 ,x is 9 t lat] s5se t ! ^w pictorial is "h us$4 ,arti/s /ill diff]1 & w cont9ue to diff]1 z to ! precise use ( ! t]m4 ,!re are arti/s /ill :o cont5d t1 s9ce 9 old "t art 0 decorative1 & s9ce 9 _! op9ion all art %\ld be decorative1 !re=e ! picture :i* is n decorative is n art4 ,argu+ ?us 9 a circle1 !y w\ld say 7! pictorial includ+ 9 _! e/imation ! p]fection ( decorative fitness1 & all art :i* ov]%ot ! m>k ceas+ to c\nt ) !m7 t art 0 always at its be/ :5 x 0 mo/ pictorial4 ,b t is a species ( quibbl+ ab\t words :i* n only leads u no fur!r1 b h9d]s mutual und]/&+4 ,x is wis] to accept words 9 ! s5se 9 :i* !y are g5]ally und]/ood1 & to try & see :]e ! real diff]5ce ( op9ion is4 ,difficult x may be1 impossible ev51 to draw ! l9e betwe5 a picture :i* is decorative & decoration :i* is pictorial2 b !re is no difficulty 9 draw+ a b& on "o side ( :i* is decoration & on ! o!r picture4 ,y h only to draw x wide en\gh4 ,if we c succe$ 9 def9+ a picture z di/+ui%$ f a "w ( decorative art1 & c !n %[ h[ a /a9$ glass w9d[1 9 attempt+ to con=m to conditions :i* we h agre$ to call pictorial1 fails ( its decorative function1 x w !n n be s difficult to see h[1 9 proportion z glass aims at ! pictorial1 x falls %ort ( mak+ good w9d[s4 ,grant$1 !n1 t a picture may fulfil all decorative conditions1 & t a decoration may sometimes rightly be pictorial1 t ! two g1 z hi/orically !y did1 a long way h& 9 h&1 x is cont5d$ t !re is a po9t at :i* decoration & picture "p company & take di/9ctly diff]5t ways2 !nce=?1 if ei!r is l$ away by ! o!r1 x is at ! co/ ( possible success 9 ! direction m peculi>ly its own4 ,n[1 ! fir/ po9t at :i* picture def9itely p>ts company ) decoration is :]e ! pa9t] beg9s to consid] 8 "w ap>t f its surr\nd+s4 ,! problems ! arti/ may set himself to solve are two4 ,h[ %all ,i adorn ?is *ur*1 ?is cl]e/ory1 ?is *ancel1 ?is w9d[1 ) /a9$ glass8--t is di/9ctly a problem ( ! decorator2 ,h[ %all ,i realise1 on canvas or :at n1 ?is ?\ght ( m9e1 ?is fact 9 nature1 ?is effect se5 or imag9$8--t is di/9ctly a problem ( ! pa9t]4 ,ea*1 x is grant$1 may be sway$ m or less by ! o!r consid]ation also1 b accord+ z a man />ts ) ! "o problem or ! o!r1 & seeks prim>ily to solve t1 he is pa9t] or decorator4 ,suppose him s]i\sly to endeav\r to comb9e pictorial & decorative qualities 9 8 "w1 !re w come times :5 he has p]=ce to *oose betwe5 ! two4 ,^u ! *oice he makes w hang ! f9al "* ( 8 "w1 decorative or pictorial4 ,we are too mu* 9 ! habit ( lay+ d[n laws z to :at a man may or may n d 9 art4 ,he may d :at he c4 ,he may introduce z mu* decorative int5tion into 8 picture1 z mu* pictorial effect into 8 decoration1 z x w /&2 x is n till he ov]weights "o ) ! o!r1 attempts m ?an 8 means or 8 p[] all[ him1 & fails to d ! ?+ t 0 to be done1 t we c say he has gone wrong4 ,:5 ! two ideals ( decoration & pa9t+ 7 m ne>ly "o1 & 9 proportion z t 0 s1 success 9 ! two directions 0 possible2 :5 pa9t+ aim$ at effects1 ( pa9t+--9 proportion1 t is1 z x became pictorial--x 0 impossible4 ,x is safe to say1 s9ce ma/]s attempt$ x & fail$--s9ce1 = example1 ! f9e/ "w 9 glass :i* aims at ! pictorial & dep5ds ^u pa9t+ ends always 9 be+ ei!r ?9 or opaque 9 effect--t ! happy m$ium 0 n f\nd4 ,! fact is1 ! "t came :5 a pa9t]1 9 ord] to design successfully = glass1 0 call$ ^u to rel9qui% "s ( ! effects he _h come greatly to value 9 pa9t+3 effects ( light & %ade1 atmosph]e1 reflect$ light1 relief1 p]spective1 viol5t =e%ort5+4 ,to seek ^! at ! exp5se ( qualities prop] to decoration & to glass1 0 to attempt picture2 to sacrifice su* pictorial qualities to consid]ations ( ar*itectural fitness1 to ! quality ( ! glass1 its transluc5cy1 its col\r1 its consi/5t treatm5t1 0 to attempt decoration2 & 9 proportion z ! sacrifice is n made1 ! "w ( ! glass pa9t] may be *>act]is$ z pictorial4 ,!re %\ld n[ be no possible misund]/&+ z to :at is meant by ! ^w4 ,x implies some?+ ( reproa*1 b only z appli$ to glass4 ,let ! pictorial fl\ri%1 9 its place--t is1 9 picture4 ,all x is "h meant to ass]t is t1 pictures be+ :at !y are1 :at !y 7 already by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! pictorial elem5t 9 /a9$ glass is b\nd to spoil ! w9d[4 ,!re are two respects 9 :i* a /a9$ glass w9d[ diff]s f a picture3 fir/1 9 t x is a w9d[2 second1 9 t x is glass4 ,suppose we take ^! two po9ts sep>ately4 ,x sc>cely ne$s %[+ t ! design+ ( a w9d[ is a v diff]5t ?+ f ! pa9t+ ( a picture4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ar*itectural frame ( ! w9d[ is !re1 arbitr>ily fix$1 :]eas ! pa9t] *ooses 8 frame to suit 8 picture4 ,! design] ( a w9d[ has n only to accept ! w9d[-%ape1 b to respect bo? x & ! ar*itecture ( ! build+4 ,! scale ( 8 "w1 ! ma9 l9es ( its composition1 if n m1 are practically det]m9$ = him by ar*itectural consid]ations1 j z ! dep? ( col\r 9 8 s*eme is det]m9$ by ! position ( 8 w9d[ & ! am\nt ( light he desires or is all[$ to %ut out4 ,moreov]1 he has to accept ! w9d[ plane1 to ackn[l$ge x z "p ( ! build+1 to let y feel1 :atev] he does1 t x is a w9d[ y see1 & n some?+ ?r\gh ! w9d[ or /&+ 9 x4 ,t 0 tri$1 z we h se51 at ,g\da & ,s4 ,gudule2 b1 ev5 if ! illusion _h be5 a*iev$1 x w\ld h be5 de/ructive ( ar*itectural effect4 ,! idea ( a picture se5 ?r\gh ! mullions ( a w9d[ is "o ( ! w-o'-!-wisps :i* l$ glass pa9t]s a/ray4 ,!y did n succe$2 &1 _h !y done s1 !y w\ld h giv5 a v false1 & to "s ( u a v uncom=table1 impression ( n be+ protect$ f ! out] air4 ,mullions are 9 any case a v s]i\s consid]ation4 ,x has be5 %[n already 7page #aig7 h[ ! arti/ s\ght cont9uity ( subject ?r\gh ! lights ( 8 w9d[1 & gradually ext5d$ 8 picture across !m4 ,& if he is at lib]ty to occupy a f\r-light w9d[ ) ! ,virg9 & ,*ild & ! ,?ree ,k+s1 & if x is lawful to introduce m ?an "o figure into a light1 :y may n ea* k+ be accompani$ by an att5dant1 hold+ 8 horse or be>+ gifts2 :y %\ld n ! ,k+s kneel 9 adoration2 :y %\ld n ,joseph be !re1 ! mang]1 & ! cattle2 :y %\ld !re n be "o l&scape /ret*+ beh9d ! ,magi1 b9d+ ! :ole into "o picture8 ,s ) ! ,crucifixion4 ,if ! ,virg9 & ,s4 ,john may occupy sidelights1 :y n introduce z well 9 a l>g] w9d[ ! two ?ieves1 ! ,magdal5e at ! foot ( ! cross1 ! good c5turion1 ! soldi]s1 ! cr[d8 ,obvi\sly !re is no reason :y ! subject %\ld n be c>ri$ across a w9d[2 & f ! "t t w9d[s 7 divid$ into lights x 0 done1 at all ev5ts 9 ! case ( c]ta9 subjects1 su* z ! ,tree ( ,jesse1 :i* spread ?r\gh\t ! w9d[1 or ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 = :i* ! available space 0 yet nev] en\gh4 ,b !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 design+ a subject :i* ext5ds ?r\gh ! :ole wid? ( a w9d[ & design+ x s t x appe>s to be se5 ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,9 ! "o case ! mullions are s]i\sly tak5 into acc\nt2 9 ! o!r !y are ignor$4 ,if y 7 look+ at a sc5e ?r\gh a w9d[1 ( c\rse ! mullions w\ld int]f]e4 ,:y1 !re=e1 consid] !m if y wi% to produce ! effect ( some?+ se5 ?r\gh8 ,naturally y w\ld n all[ ! /onework to cut across ! face ( a pr9cipal p]sonage1 or any?+ ( t k9d2 b1 ap>t f t1 its int]v5tion w\ld only add to ! air ( reality4 ,! problem ( deal+ ) ! mullions is ?us r %irk$ ?an solv$4 ,its solution is n really s difficult z w\ld seem4 ,mullions c\nt = mu* less 9 ! w9d[ ?an "o w\ld suppose4 ,! eye1 = example1 foll[s naturally ! bran*es ( a ,tree ( ,jesse f "o light into ano!r1 & x is n felt t ! /onework int]f]es ) x at all s]i\sly1 :il/ ! s*em+ ( ! figures1 ea* )9 a s+le light1 is a v di/9ct ackn[l$gm5t ( its individuality4 ,s 9 ! case ( a subject4 ,if ! design is s plann$ t ! important figures are gr\p$ 9 sep>ate lights1 ! l&scape or o!r cont9u\s backgr\nd helps to hold ! picture toge!r1 & is n hurt by ! mullions4 ,! important ?+ is t mullions %\ld be consid]$2 only on t condition d !y cease to int]f]e ) ! design4 ,!re is no reason always to put a bord] r\nd ea* light1 or ev5 to keep e figure )9 ! b\nds ( a s+le light4 ,a recl9+ figure1 su* z t ( ,jesse at ! base ( ! w9d[ 7bel[71 ,jacob asleep & dream+1 or ! wid['s son ^u ! bi]1 may safely cross two or ?ree lights1 if x be design$ ) ref]5ce to ! int]v5+ /onework4 ,fur!r1 x seems desirable t ! %ape ( ea* sep>ate w9d[ op5+ %\ld be ackn[l$g$ by at lea/ a n>r[ fillet ( :ite or pale col\r next ! masonry1 brok51 x may be1 "h & !re by "s feature design$ to hold ! lights toge!r1 b practically cle>+ ! col\r f ! /onework1 & giv+ to ! division ( ! w9d[ ! slight emphasis x des]ves4 ,x is n wor? :ile divid+ a w9d[ into lights & !n effac+ ! divisions 9 ! glass4 ,giv5 a w9d[ ( f\r or five lights1 ! decorator has no *oice b to design a f\r or five-light w9d[4 ,he mu/ r5d] 8 subject s t ! con/ructional divisions ( ! w9d[ keep _! prop] ar*itectural place2 if 8 subject w n all[ t1 he mu/ ab&on 8 subject1 or give v good reason :y n4 ,! reason ( m]e pictorial ambition w n hold good4 ,! te/ ( a good picture-w9d[ is1 h[ ! mullions affect ! design4 ,if to take !m away w\ld make x look fooli%1 !n x has probably be5 design$ z a w9d[1 decoratively2 if to take !m away w\ld improve x1 !n x has be5 design$ pictorially2 &1 h[ev] good a picture x might h be51 x is a bad w9d[ design4 ,illu/ration3 #aga4 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,%rewsbury4 ,x is q possible1 nay1 probable1 t 9 connection ) any giv5 w9d[1 or s]ies ( w9d[s1 !re w be ar*itectural features :i* des]ve to be emphasis$4 ,x may be ! spr++ ( ! ar* :i* calls = acc5tuation2 x may be a /r+-c\rse 9 ! walls t asks = recognition2 x may be t ! proportion ( ! w9d[ wants correction4 ,:atev] x be1 x is ! "p ( ! decorator to feel ! want & to meet x1 to grasp ! situation & to accept x4 ,9 n do+ s1 he %[s p]haps pictorial1 c]ta9ly n decorative1 in/9ct4 ,s ) reg>d to ! plane ( a glass picture4 ,x is n necess>y to re/rict "o's design to silh\ette1 to make "o's picture z flat z ! fir/ glass pa9t]s or ! ,greek vase pa9t]s made !irs4 ,h[ mu* ( di/ance & relief a man may indulge 9 is p>tly 8 own affair4 ,x dep5ds ^u :at he c manage to d )\t de/roy+ ! surface ( 8 w9d[4 ,s long z he pres]ve t1 he may d z he pleases1 & yet n lay himself op5 to ! *>ge ( be+ unduly pictorial2 only x is z well to rememb] t on ! simple/ & sev]e/ l9es gr& "w has be5 done1 & may /ill be done1 )\t fall+ into ar*aism2 :il/ ! ,crabe?s1 & ! re/ ( ! a/\nd+ly clev] glass pa9t]s ( ,g\da fail to reconcile u to ! attempt to r5d] ! sky beyond 7page #beh7 or di/ant ar*itectural vi/as 9 glass4 ,x has sometimes be5 cont5d$ t all l9es ( p]spective 7:i* 9 ! sixte5? c5tury beg9 to take a v important place 9 design7 are amiss 9 glass1 inasmu* z !y de/roy its flatness4 ,t is surely to g too f>4 ,s long z no effect ( relief is s\ght1 no effect ( di/ance attempt$1 no illusion aim$ at1 "o c h>dly f9d fault ) l9es indicat+ ! p]spective necess>y p]haps to ! expression ( ! design--assum+1 ( c\rse1 t ! l9es ( p]spective take _! place 9 ! decorative s*eme1 & help ! composition ( ! w9d[4 ,!y d t v clev]ly 9 ,crabe?'s picture ( ,*ri/ ,purify+ ! ,temple 7page #bdd74 ,our compla9t is r ) ! /rong relief attempt$1 ! abuse ( %ad[1 & especially ( pa9t$ %ad[4 ,! case is f> worse :]e1 z at ,s4 ,eu/a*e1 ,p>is1 ! ar*itectural backgr\nd is %[n obliquely4 ,9 t case1 no uncommon "o 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :5 ! pa9t] w\ld j z likely z n *oose 8 po9t ( view z be/ suit$ 8 picture1 )\t any ref]5ce :atev] to its ar*itectural sett+1 ! pa9t] %[s himself1 z glass pa9t]1 at 8 mo/ pictorial & wor/4 ,s mu* = ! w9d[ z an ar*itectural feature1 n[ let u look at x z glass4 ,x becomes "h v mu* a "q ( craftsman%ip4 ,to a workman x seems s natural1 & s obvi\s1 t ! mat]ial he is work+ 91 & ! tools he is us+1 mu/ f beg9n+ to end affect ! treatm5t ( 8 design1 t x appe>s almo/ unnecess>y to insi/ ^u su* a truism4 ,exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 goes to %[ t only ! workman & "h & !re a man :o ought1 p]haps1 to h be5 "o1 h any appreciation ( :at arti/s call treatm5t4 ,! re/ ( ! _w h he>d tell t !re is su* a ?+ z te*nique1 to :i* !y ?9k f> too mu* importance is atta*$4 ,t is s1 inde$1 :5 arti/s ?9k te*nique is en\gh2 b n :5 !y look ^u x z indisp5sable1 ! beg9n+ ( all p]=mance1 n :5 !y insi/ t a man %all "k ! gramm> ( 8 art be=e he breaks out into poetry4 ,n[ ! ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ( workman%ip is to treat ea* mat]ial aft] its k9d4 ,x is a truism1 !re=e1 to say t glass %\ld be treat$ z glass4 ,yet we f9d t a man may be en?usia/ic to a degree ab\t an art1 le>n$ above mo/ m5 9 its hi/ory1 & yet end 9 entirely misconceiv+ its scope4 ,:at is to be condemn$ on canvas1 said ,w9/on1 ought n to be admitt$ on glass4 ,z well might he h said1 t :at w\ld be condemn$ on glass %\ld n be all[$ on canvas1 or t language & behavi\r :i* w\ld be unbecom+ 9 *ur* %\ld n be tol]at$ on ! plat=m1 or at ! d9n]-table4 ,! fallacy t "o rule applies to all =ms ( art is responsible alike = ! mudd9ess ( sev5te5? & eighte5? c5tury w9d[s & = ! ?9 transp>5t t9t+ ( n9ete5? c5tury ,muni* glass4 ,t art is "o is a f9e say+1 rightly und]/ood4 ,s is humanity "o1 & x is well to rem9d ourselves ( ! fact2 b race1 climate1 c\ntry1 c\nt = some?+2 & to speak ) effect we mu/ speak ! language ( ! l&4 ,ea* sep>ate craft includ$ 9 ! all-embrac+ title ( art1 & mak+ = its good & its glory1 works "u conditions z def9ite z ^? ( climate1 has *>act]i/ics z m>k$ z ^? ( nationality1 & speaks also a language ( its own4 ,&1 to express itself to full purpose1 x mu/ speak 9 its own tongue4 ,! only pictures1 !n1 :i* prove satisfactory 9 glass are ! pictures ( ! glass pa9t]2 & by glass pa9t] is n meant any "o :o may *oose to try 8 h& at glass pa9t+1 b ! man :o has le>nt 8 trade & kn[s x f end to end1 to :om use has become second nature1 :o ?9ks 9 glass1 z we say4 ,n[ & aga91 p]haps1 :]e a draughtsman & a glass pa9t] are 9 unusual sympa?y1 x may be possible = ! "o to translate ! design ( ! o!r into ! language ( 8 craft2 b good translators are r>e1 & translation is at be/ second-h&4 ,success 9 glass is a*iev$ ma9ly by ! man to :om ideas come 9 ! =m ( glass1 :o sees !m fir/ 9 8 m9d's eye z w9d[s4 ,ev5 su* a man may lack ta/e1 insight1 discretion2 he may be l$ away by a misplac$ ambition--x is n m]ely on ! /age t ! l[ com$ian aspires to play ,hamlet--b only ! man :o kn[s s well ! dang]s ahead t he ins5sibly avoids !m1 :o kn[s s surely :at c be got out ( 8 mat]ial t he makes /raight = t1 :o does1 9 %ort1 ! be/ t c be done 9 glass1 c d>e to be pictorial )\t dang] ( be+ false to 8 trade4 ,a pa9t] )\t exp]i5ce ( glass might1 ( c\rse1 be coa*$ 9 ! te*nique ( ! mat]ial2 b he w\ld nev] get ! mo/ out ( x4 ,conditions :i* to ! glass pa9t] w\ld be z easy z an old coat1 w\ld be a re/ra9t to him1 & ! great] 8 position ! m impati5t he w\ld be ( su* re/ra9t1 ! m surely 8 w w\ld ov]ride ! bett] judgm5t ( ! subord9ate :o happ5$ to "k4 ,illu/ration3 #agb4 ,,*ri/ ,,purg+ ,,! ,,temple1 ,,g\da4 ,x 0 un=tunate t at a critical p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( glass1 j :5 great pa9t]s f ! outside began to be call$ 9 to design = x1 k 0 9 r an unc]ta9 /ate4 ,! use ( enamel _h be5 discov]$2 x (f]$ und\bt$ facilities to ! pa9t]2 x 0 believ$ 92 x 0 ! fa%ion4 ,any "o :o _h prote/$ ! sup]iority ( ! old me?od w\ld possibly h be5 set d[n z an old fogey1 ev5 by glass pa9t]s4 ,at t mom5t1 v likely1 a glass pa9t]1 anxi\s ( c\rse to conciliate ! great man1 b flu%$ also ) fai? 9 8 new-f\nd me?od1 w\ld h said to ,van ,orley1 9 reply to any "q ab\t te*nique3--,nev] y m9d ab\t glaz+ & all t2 give u a design1 & we w execute x 9 glass4 ,& he did execute x 9 a ma/]ly & q wond]ful way4 ,/ill ! success ( x is less ?an x w\ld h be5 _h ! design] kn[n all ab\t glass3 9 t case 8 arti/ic in/9ct w\ld h l$ him surely to tru/ m to qualities inh]5t 9 glass1 & less to pa9t+ ^u x4 ,van ,orley's picture s*eme dep5d$ too mu* ^u relief to be really well adapt$ to glass1 b x 0 spl5didly monum5tal 9 design1 & to t ext5t admirably decorative4 ,some?+ ( decorative re/ra9t we f9d almo/ to ! end 9 sixte5? c5tury "w2 ! picture _h n yet emancipat$ itself entirely1 & ! pictorial ideal did n !re=e necess>ily g beyond :at glass c\ld d2 9 any case1 x did n take q a diff]5t direction4 ,x may be z well to def9e m precisely ! ideal glass picture4 ,! ideal glass picture is1 ! picture :i* gives full scope = ! qualities ( glass1 & does n dep5d 9 any way ^u effects :i* _c be obta9$ 9 glass1 or :i* are to be atta9$ only at ! sacrifice ( qualities peculi> to x4 ,& :at are ^? qualities8 ,! qualities ( glass are light & col\r1 a quality ( light & a quality ( col\r to be obta9$ no o!r way ?an by ! transmission ( light ?r\gh pot-metal glass4 ,comp>e ^! qualities ) ^? ( oil pa9t+1 & see h[ f> !y are compatible4 ,some?+ dep5ds ^u ! conception ( oil pa9t+4 ,! qualities ( glass are compatible en\gh ) ! pictorial ideal ( ! oil 7or m likely temp]a7 pa9t]s :om we designate by ! "n ( primitives2 &1 inde$1 fifte5? c5tury ,italian w9d[s (t5 take ! =m ( circul> pictures :i* "o ( ! ma/]s might h design$4 ,a pa9t+ by ,botticelli1 ,filippo ,lippi1 ,mantegna1 or ,crivelli1 might almo/ be put into ! h&s ( a glass pa9t] to translate4 ,x is q possible t "s ( ! ,flor5t9e w9d[s 7 execut$ 9 ,g]many f pa9t+s by ,italian ma/]s2 ! odd ?+ is t !y are attribut$ sometimes to sculptors4 ,ghib]ti & ,donatello may1 = all "o kn[s1 h be5 great col\ri/s2 b x is s univ]sal a foible to ascribe works ( decorative art to fam\s pa9t]s or sculptors :o c\ld nev] by any possibility h _h a h& 9 !m1 t "o nev] has mu* fai? 9 su* reput$ au?or%ip4 ,! sev]ity ( ! primitive pa9t]s' design1 ! firm outl9e1 ! comp>atively flat treatm5t1 ! brilliant1 n yet degrad$1 col\r--all ^! 7 qualities :i* ! glass pa9t] c\ld turn to acc\nt4 ,)\t firm & def9ite outl9e1 ( c\rse1 a design does n l5d itself to mosaic4 ,b x is especially ! e>ly pa9t]'s ideal ( col\r :i* 0 s sympa!tic to ! glass pa9t]4 ,a design] = glass mu/ be a col\ri/2 b ! col\r he seeks is sui g5]is4 ,n e col\ri/ w\ld make a glass design]4 ,van ,?uld5 may n h be5 a col\ri/ ( 8 ma/]'s /amp1 b ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s himself c\ld n h made a complete success ( ^? w9d[s 9 ! ,*apel ( ,our ,lady 9 ,s4 ,gudule4 ,reynolds 0 a col\ri/1 b he came conspicu\sly to grief 9 glass4 ,velasquez 0 a col\ri/1 b "o fails to see h[ by any possibility ! quality ( 8 "w c\ld be express$ 9 glass4 ,on ! o!r h&1 col\r 9 :i* ! simple arti/ delight$1 z 9 light & sun%9e1 9 ! sp>kle ( ! sea1 9 ! purity ( ! sky1 9 ! brilliancy ( fl[]s1 9 ! fla% ( jewels1 9 ! deep v]dure ( moss1 9 ! lusci\sness ( fruit or w9e1 col\r z ! e>ly ,flor5t9e pa9t]s saw x & s\ght x--?is is :at glass c give1 & gives bett] ?an oil1 temp]a1 or fresco1 on an opaque surface4 ,h[ f> ^! e>ly pa9t]s delib]ately sacrific$ to pure bright col\r qualities ( light & %ade1 a]ial p]spective1 & s on1 may be op5 to "q4 ,! c]ta9 ?+ is t1 if we want ! quality ( glass 9 all its purity & transluc5cy1 we h to sacrifice to x some?+ ( ! light & %ade1 ! relief1 ! atmosph]ic effect1 ! subtlety ( reali/ic col\r1 :i* we are accu/om$ n[adays to look = 9 a picture4 ,happy ! m5 :o c\ld cont5t$ly pursue _! "w undi/urb$ by ! ?\ght t !re 7 effects to be obta9$ 9 art beyond :at x 0 possible = !m to get4 ,ev5 ! ,italian pa9t]s soon travell$ beyond ! limits ( :at c\ld possibly be done 9 glass4 ,fle%-pa9t+1 z ,titian und]/ood x1 or ,correggio1 or ,bonifacio1 is hopelessly beyond its range4 ,b x 0 ! ,dut* :o =m$ = !mselves ! idea mo/ widely & hopelessly beyond realisation 9 glass4 ,! ,crabe?s1 l good glass pa9t]s1 /ruggl$ m or less aga9/ x2 b !y c\ld n keep out ( ! curr5t altoge!r2 & 9 proportion z _! "w aims at any?+ l *i>oscuro x loses its quality ( glass4 ,rembr&t1 to h realis$ 8 ideal 9 glass1 w\ld h _h to pa9t out ( x e quality :i* di/+ui%es x & gives x value4 ,9 proportion1 z ! pa9t]'s aim 0 light & %ade r ?an col\r1 & especially z x 0 %ade r ?an light 7or p]haps x w\ld be fair] to say1 z x 0 light int5sifi$ by obscur+ light ar\nd x7 x 0 diametrically oppos$ to t ( ! glass pa9t]4 ,8 pursuit ( x 0 a sort ( arti/ic suicide4 ,x l$ by quick & sure degrees to :at 0 to all int5ts & purposes ! collapse ( glass pa9t+4 ,realism ( a k9d 0 inevitable :5 once ! pa9t] ga9$ ! /r5g? to realise :at he saw1 b :5 ! glass pa9t]1 seek+ ! /r5g? ( actual light & %ade1 began to rely ^u pa9t$ %ad[ = 8 effects1 ! case 0 hopeless4 ,glass asks to be transluc5t4 ,! po9t ( p]fection 9 glass design is n easily to be fix$4 ,glass pa9t+1 x mu/ be confess$1 z x approa*es p]fection ( te*nique1 is always dang]\sly ne> ! bord] l9e2 ! pa9t] is s (t5 tempt$ to c>ry 8 h&iwork a little fur!r ?an is consi/5t ) ! transluc5cy ( glass4 ,x happ5s1 !re=e1 t "o expects almo/ to f9d consummate draw+ & pa9t+ m>r$ by "s obscuration ( ! glass4 ,if on ! o!r h& we travel back to ! "t :5 ! evil does n exi/1 we f9d ourselves at a p]iod :5 nei!r draw+ nor pa9t+ 7 at _! be/4 ,x is by no means surpris+ t ?is %\ld be ! outcome ( ! association ( glazi] & pa9t]4 ,accord+ z "o c>es m = glass or = pa9t+ "o w be dispos$ to %ift1 backw>ds or =w>ds1 ! date at :i* glass pa9t+ began to decl9e4 ,x may safely be said1 h[ev]1 t pictorial glass pa9t+ 0 at its be/ dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,t is ! p]iod dur+ :i* y may expect to f9d ma/]ly draw+1 consummate pa9t+1 & yet suffici5t recognition ( ! "* ( glass to satisfy all b ! /aun* p>tisan ( pure mosaic glass--:o1 by ! way1 /&s ^u v firm gr\nd4 ,9 ,fl&]s1 z has be5 said1 & 9 ,france1 are to be f\nd exquisite pictures 9 glass1 admirably decorative 9 design1 gl[+ ) jewel-l brilliancy ( col\r1 n s]i\sly obscur$ by pa9t1 ! figures modell$ ) a delicacy rem9d+ "o r ( sculpture 9 v l[ relief ?an ( m reali/ic pa9t+ & c>v+1 ! col\r delicate & yet n ?91 ! effect /rong )\t brutality4 ,b x is 9 ,italy t are to be se5 probably ! f9e/ glass pictures t h ev] be5 pa9t$2 ! "w1 nev]!less1 ( a ,fr5*man--,william ( ,m>seilles--:o e/abli%$ himself at ,arezzo1 & pa9t$1 among/ o!r glass1 five w9d[s = ! ca!dral !re1 :i* g ab\t z f> z glass c g 9 ! direction ( picture4 ,! man 0 a reali/ 9 8 way--reali/1 t is1 s f> z suit$ 8 arti/ic purpose4 ,n m]ely are 8 figures /udi$ obvi\sly f ! life1 b !y are conceiv$ 9 ! reali/ic _s1 z :51 9 ! sc5e ( ! ,baptism1 he draws a man gett+ into 8 clo!s ) ! difficulty we h all exp]i5c$ aft] ba?+1 or :51 9 ! ,rais+ ( ,laz>us 7page #cig71 he makes m ?an "o onlook] hold 8 nose z ! grave-clo!s are unwrapp$ f ! body4 ,9 design ! arti/ is q up to ! high level ( 8 day 7#aebe or !reab\ts72 b y see all ?r\gh 8 "w t x 0 col\r1 always col\r1 t made 8 he>t beat 7we h "h no?+ to d ) ! religi\s s5tim5t :i* may or may n be embodi$ 9 8 "w71 col\r t prompt$ 8 design1 z 9 ! case ( s _m a great ,italian ma/]4 ,?is man possibly did 9 glass mu* :at he w\ld h done on canvas2 b he c\ld nev] h got su* pure1 int5se1 & at ! same "t lum9\s1 effects ( col\r 9 any?+ b glass1 & he knew x1 nev] lo/ sight ( x1 & tri$ to get ! mo/ out ( :at x c\ld be/ give him--t is to say1 purity ( col\r1 & transluc5cy & brilliancy ( glass4 ,:atev] am\nt ( pigm5t he employ$ 7probably m ?an x seems1 ! light is s /rong 9 ,italy7 x seldom appe>s to d m ?an j give ! ne$ful modell+4 ,n[ & aga91 9 ! ar*itectural p>ts ( 8 composition1 ! :ite is l[]$ by means ( a matt ( pa9t1 :]e a t9t ( deep]-col\r$ glass _h bett] h be5 employ$2 b ev5 !re ! effect is nei!r dirty nor 9 ! lea/ heavy4 ,& 9 ! ma91 = all 8 pictorial bias1 ! sy/em ( ! arti/ is di/9ctly mosaic2 8 col\r is pot-metal always or pure/ /a94 ,! sky & ! l&scape1 = example1 9 :i* ! sc5e ( ! ,baptism is laid1 are lead$ up 9 t9ts ( blue & gre54 ,9 ! sc5e :]e ,*ri/ purges ! ,temple ! pavem5t is ( cle> aquam>9e-t9t$ glass1 aga9/ :i* ! scales1 moneybags1 ov]turn$ b5*1 & s on1 /& out 9 q full en\gh relief ( r$ & yell[1 )\t any aid ( heavy %ad+1 or ca/ %ad[1 su* z a ,ne!rl&] w\ld h us$4 ,&1 = all t1 ! difficulty ev5 ( =e%ort5+ is boldly fac$4 ,n ev5 9 ! mo/ viol5tly %ad$ ,flemi% glass w\ld x be easy to f9d a figure m successfully =e%ort5$ ?an ! kneel+ money-*ang]1 scoop+ up 8 money into a bag4 ,t a design] c\ld d ?is )\t /rong %ad+1 means t he 0 c>eful to *oose ! pose or po9t ( view :i* all[$ itself to be express$ 9 lightly pa9t$ glass4 ,!re is no riot\s indulg5ce 9 p]spective1 b di/ance is suffici5tly indicat$2 & ! p]sonages 9 ! backgr\nd1 drawn to a small] scale ?an ! *ief actors 9 ! sc5e1 keep _! place 9 ! picture4 ,ev]y:]e x is app>5t t ! figures h be5 compos$ ) a cunn+ eye to glaz+4 ,^! are n pictures :i* h be5 done into glass2 !y are no translations1 b ! creations ( a glass pa9t]--"o :o knew all ab\t glass1 & in/9ctively design$ only :at c\ld be done 9 x1 & be/ done4 ,?is man makes full use ( all ! res\rces ( 8 art4 ,8 w9d[ is con/ruct$ z only a glazi] c\ld d x4 ,he does n %irk 8 leads4 ,he uses abrasion freely1 n s mu* to save glaz+1 z to get effects n o!rwise possible4 ,?us ! deep r$ skirt or petticoat ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y is dott$ ) :ite 9 a way t bespeaks at a glance ! woman ( ! p1 :il/ m sumptu\s drap]ies ( r$ & gre5 are1 z x 71 embroid]$ ) gold1 or sewn ) pe>ls4 ,^! are ! effects he aims at1 n ! m]e texture ( silk or velvet4 ,he delights 9 delicate /a9 on :ite1 & revels 9 mo/ gorge\s /a9 ^u /a94 ,9 %ort1 ^! are pictures inde$1 b ! pictures ( a glass pa9t]4 ,"w l ?is dis>ms criticism4 ,"o may h a /rong p]sonal bias t[>ds /rictly mosaic glass1 & yet ackn[l$ge t success ju/ifies dep>ture f :at "o ?\ght ! likeli] way4 ,?+s ( beauty decl9e to be put away always 9 ! nice little pigeon-holes we h c>efully provid$ = !m4 ,%all we be su* p$ants z to reject !m because !y d n fit 9 ) our preconceiv$ ideas ( fitness8 ,alas6--or happily8--alas = :at might h be51 happily = our wav]+ allegiance to /]n] pr9ciples ( design1 x is seldom t ! glass pa9t] s p]fectly tunes 8 "w to ! key ( glass4 ,9 p>ticul>1 he f9ds x difficult to h>monise 8 pa9t+ ) ! glaz+ :i* goes ) x4 ,he is incapable 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury ( ! brutalities ( 8 successors1 :o c>ry h>% l9es ( lead across fle% pa9t+ recklessly2 b ! v association ( ultra-delicate pa9t+ ) lead l9es at all dem&s inf9ite tact4 ,an idea ( ! po9t to :i* pa9t+ is ev5tually c>ri$ may be ga!r$ f ! repres5tation ( little nude boys bl[+ bubbles 9 :i* are reflect$ ! w9d[s ( ! room :]e !y are suppos$ to be play+4 ,t is an extreme in/ance1 & a late "o4 ,%ort1 h[ev]1 ( su* frivolity1 & 9 "w ( ! good p]iod1 pa9t+ is (t5 s delicate t b>s & leads unque/ionably hurt x4 ,x is s ev5 9 ! v f9e ,jesse w9d[ at ,beauvais 7page #cfh74 ,occur :]e x may x is a false note :i* /ops our admiration %ort2 &1 aft] all our en?usiasm1 we come back he>t-:ole to our delight 9 ! e>li]1 bold]1 m monum5tal1 & m workmanlike mosaic glass4 ,! beautiful sixte5? c5tury "w at ,montmor5cy or at ,con*es does n %ake ! conviction ( ! glass-lov]1 t ! pa9t] is !re a little too mu* 9 evid5ce1 t some?+ ( simple1 dignifi$ decoration is sacrific$ to ! display ( 8 skill4 ,! balance betwe5 glass decoration & picture is p]haps nev] m ne>ly adju/$ ?an 9 "s ( ! r e>li] ,italian w9d[s4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,l&scape ,,9 ,,glass4 ,at once a di/+ui%+ feature ( picture-glass1 & a *>act]i/ic ( lat] "w g5]ally1 is ! mise-en-scne ( ! subject4 ,illu/ration3 #agc4 ,,f ,,! ,,entry ,,into ,,j]usalem1 ,,fair=d4 ,9 q ! e>lie/ glass ! figures1 x 0 %[n1 7 cut out aga9/ a gr\nd ( pla9 col\r 7pages #cc1 #abg71 or diap]$ p]haps ) a pa9t$ patt]n1 or lead$ up 9 squ>es1 or brok5 by spots ( pot-metal 7page #cg71 :i*1 by ! way1 be+ usually ( too /rongly contra/+ col\r1 ass]t !mselves in/ead ( qualify+ its tone4 ,sometimes ! gr\nd 0 lead$ up 9 ! =m ( a m or less elaborate geometric diap] 7page #ccf74 ,occasionally x 0 brok5 by ! simple/ possible conv5tional foliage4 ,! figure /ood on a cl\d1 an inscrib$ label1 a disc or b& ( e>?4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury spots break+ ! gr\nd took v (t5 ! =m ( badges1 fleurs-de-lys1 h]aldic animals1 cyph]s1 & s on 7page #aef71 & ev5 9 ! fifte5? x 0 q common to f9d figures aga9/ a flat gr\nd1 brok5 only by inscription1 ei!r on :ite or yell[ labels 7pages #ahf1 #cci71 or lead$ 9 bold lett]s ( :ite or yell[ into ! backgr\nd itself 7page #aif74 ,b simultane\sly ) ?is ! figure 0 frequ5tly repres5t$ aga9/ a scre5 ( damask 7page #aia71 above :i* %[$ ! fur!r backgr\nd1 usually m or less ar*itectural 9 "*4 ,9 ! ,fair=d w9d[s 7page #ahg7 is %[n ?is treatm5t toge!r ) ! label :i* helps to break ! =mality ( ! horizontal l9e4 ,sometimes ! l9e is curv$1 z ?\gh ! figure /ood 9 a semicircul> ni*e1 or brok51 z ?\gh ! recess 7 ?ree-sid$4 ,sometimes ! figure /ood ^u a p$e/al 7page #cia71 b m usually1 z "t w5t on1 ^u a pavem5t4 ,c]ta9 subjects 7 b\nd to include accessory ar*itecture1 b at fir/ x 0 z simple z ! sc5]y 9 ! immortal play ( ,pyramus & ,?isbe4 ,b ev5 9 ! fifte5? c5tury x 0 r5d]$1 "o may judge h[ navely1 f ! little ,nativity on page #ed1 a subject h>dly to be r5d]$ )\t ! /able4 ,aga91 ! q conv5tional v9ework1 also f ,malv]n1 %[n 9 ! upp] "p ( page #cde 7a jumble ( odds & ends71 =ms really "p ( ! sc5e depict+ ,noah 9 8 v9ey>d--see ! h& hold+ ! spade h&le4 ,! ,fair=d sc5]y 7pages #bea1 #cgb71 qua9t z x is1 goes mu* ne>] to realism ?an t2 & t[>ds ! sixte5? c5tury1 & dur+ its fir/ ye>s1 !re 0 a good deal ( l&scape 9 :i* trees 7 lead$ 9 vivid gre5 aga9/ blue1 ) gleam+ :ite /ems sugge/ive ( bir*-b>k1 always effective1 & refre%+ly cool 9 col\r4 ,!re is some?+ ( t k9d 9 ! w9d[ fac+ ! entrance to ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge2 b ! m usual ,engli% practice 9 ! fifte5? c5tury 0 to execute ! l&scape 9 :ite & /a9 aga9/ a col\r$ gr\nd4 ,t is ! sy/em adopt$ 9 ! sc5e ( ! ,creation at ,malv]n 7page #beb71 :]e trees1 wat]1 birds1 fi%es1 are all v delicately pa9t$ & /a9$4 ,9 ! left-h& corn] x w be se5 t solid or ne>ly solid br[n is us$ = foliage 9 ord] to ?r[ up ! :ite & yell[ leafage 9 front ( x4 ,!re is "s consid]ably lat] "w v mu* 9 ?is mann] at ,s4 ,nizi]1 ,troyes4 ,b t k9d ( ?+ 0 n usual 9 ,fr5* glass4 ,illu/ration3 #agd4 ,,f ,,! ,,creation1 ,,malv]n ,,abbey4 ,! sky _h ( c\rse f ! fir/ be5 indicat$ by a blue backgr\nd2 b1 ! blue gr\nd be+ us$1 9 alt]nation ) ruby1 = all backgr\nds1 except a few 9 :ite1 x 0 n di/9ctive en\gh to sugge/ ! heav5s1 )\t "s indication ( cl\ds1 :i* accord+ly 7 lead$ up ^u x1 sometimes 9 m]e /reaks ( col\r1 sometimes 9 fanta/ically ornam5tal %apes4 ,x 0 a lat] ?\ght1 :i* came ) ! use ( pal] glass1 to pa9t ! blue ) cl\ds1 indicat+ !m1 t is to say1 m or less 9 ! =m ( diap]4 ,z ) ! sky s ) ! sea4 ,x 0 at fir/ glaz$ 9 wave patt]n2 ev5tually ! wave l9es 7 pa9t$ on ! blue4 ,! blue backgr\nd1 :i* _h gradually become pal] & pal]1 became soon 9 ! sixte5? c5tury pale en\gh to /& approximately = a grey-blue sky1 on :i* 0 pa9t$1 ) m>vell\s delicacy1 di/ant l&scape1 ar*itecture1 or :at n1 always 9 ! br[n t9t us$ g5]ally = %ad+1 al?\gh a t9t ( gre5 0 giv5 to grass & trees by ! use ( yell[ /a94 ,?is di/ant view pa9t$ ^u blue 0 a beautiful & mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( sixte5? c5tury glass4 ,! ,fr5* pa9t]s adopt$ x1 & made x peculi>ly _! own1 ?\gh x occurs also 9 ,g]man & ,flemi% glass4 ,backgr\nds ( ?is k9d1 :i* 9 !mselves suffice to m>k ! dep>ture f ,go?ic use1 are %[n on pages #bjg1 #bac1 & on a l>g] scale opposite4 ,! w9try l&scape !re ) ! b>e tree trunks aga9/ ! cold grey sky1 =ms ! upp] portion ( ! subject %[n on page #bjg1 9 :i* ,our ,"l gives ,8 *>ge to ,pet]2 ! pal] grey beh9d ! heads ( ! gr\p /&s = ! sea4 ,! w9try effect ( ! sc5e is n sugge/ive ( ! ,holy ,l&1 b x br+s ! subject innoc5tly home to u4 ,! leads1 x w be se51 take ! l9es ( ! l>g] limbs ( ! trees1 :il/ ! less] bran*es & small twigs are pa9t$ on ! glass4 ,!re is +5uity 9 ! glaz+ z well z delicacy 9 ! pa9t+4 ,?is is a v diff]5t ?+ f ! l&scape pa9t$ 9 enamel col\rs4 ,! propriety1 ! beauty1 ! decorative quality ( su* "w z ?is1 comes ( ! acceptance ( ! necess>y conv5tion ( treat+ ! pa9t$ backgr\nd1 ( r5d]+ x1 t is1 always m or less 9 mono*rome1 & n attempt+ any?+ l realism 9 col\r4 ,! pa9t$ l&scapes illu/rat$ are ( ! simple/4 ,! ,fr5* pa9t]s w5t mu* fur!r ?an t1 associat+ ) _! pa9t+ broad masses ( pot-metal col\r1 b /ill keep+ di/9ctly )9 ! conv5tion ( delib]ately simple col\r4 ,by ! use ( silv]y-:ite & %ades ( pot-metal blue & purple & gre51 !y produc$ ! mo/ pleas+ & h>moni\s effects4 ,!re 0 no great v>iety 9 ! tune !y play$1 b ! v>iations ^u x 7 inf9ite4 ,let u picture "h a few ( !m4 #a4 ,ec\54--,a di/ant city1 9 :ite1 & beyond t m di/ant ar*itecture1 pa9t$ on ! pale blue ( ! sky4 #b4 ,con*es4--,aga9/ a pale blue sky1 brok5 by cumul\s :ite cl\ds1 a grey-blue t[]4 #c4 ,con*es4--,a grey-blue sea & deep] sky beyond3 f ! waves rises a ca/le1 9 :ite1 break+ ! sky-l9e1 ! po9t$ ro(s ( its turrets pa9t$ 9 black ^u ! backgr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 #age4 ,,backgr\nd ,,to ,,! ,,*>ge ,,( ,s4 ,,pet]1 ,s4 ,,v9c5t1 ,,r\54 7,,comp4 #aef47 #d4 ,freiburg1 #aebh4--;,a smoke-grey sea1 fad+ away t[>ds ! horizon into pale silv]1 ! sky beyond d>k blue1 its outl9e brok5 by a range ( deep] blue m\nta9s4 #e4 ,con*es4--,beyond ! =egr\nd l&scape 9 ri* gre51 a pale blue sea1 ) slightly deep] grey-blue sky beyond1 a t[] 9 d>k] blue aga9/ x2 a /rip ( deep blue %ore divides ! sky & sea1 & gives support to ! d>k t[]2 aga9/ t a small] t[] cat*es ! light1 & /&s out 9 glitt]+ :ite4 #f4 ,montmor5cy4--,a canopi$ figure subject 9 gorge\s col\r2 ! =egr\nd a l&scape ) ri* gre5 h]bage1 sep>at$ by a belt ( :ite cliffs f build+s ( pale grey1 amid/ trees /a9$ gre5i%1 back$ by purple hills2 fur!r a pale blue sky2 aga9/ ! sky1 ov]%ad[$ b5ea? ! canopy ar* by a mass ( purple cl\d1 ! /a9$ & pa9t$ foliage ( a tree1 gr[+ f ?is side ! hill4 #g4 ,montmor5cy4--,s4 ,*ri/oph] cross+ ! /ream2 blue wat] pa9t$ ) waves & wat] plants1 ! foliage /a9$4 #h4 ,s4 ,nizi]1 ,troyes4--,a v9ey>d1 v prettily manag$2 ! v9es pa9t$ on ! blue1 _! leaves /a9$ to gre51 ! grapes grey-blue1 :il/ grey /akes are lead$ 9 pot-metal4 ,sometimes1 z at ,ec\51 f>-(f ar*itecture w\ld be pa9t$ n ^u blue b ^u a pale purple hill4 ,at ,laigle figures & animals are pa9t$ ^u gre51 b !y d n hold _! own4 ,on ! o!r h&1 at ,al5on1 "s di/ant figures appe>+ 9 v pale grey aga9/ a delicate gre5i% l&scape 7/a9$ ^u ! grey71 are *>m+ 9 effect4 ,:ite backgr\nds pa9t$ z delicately z ! blue are n r>e4 ,at ,groslay1 = example1 /eely-:ite ar*itecture is sep>at$ f :ite sky beyond by grey-blue hills1 a *ur* ) blue /eeple break+ ! sky4 ,b :ite does n l5d itself s readily to comb9ation ) col\r z blue2 &1 z a rule1 su* backgr\nds are grisaille 9 "*1 reliev$1 ( c\rse1 ) /a94 ,! great sea-scape at ,g\da 7page #bbc71 repres5t+ ! tak+ ( ,dalmatia 9 ,egypt 7a v ,dut* ,dalmatia71 is ne>ly all 9 grisaille1 aga9/ qu>ries ( cle> :ite1 ) only a little /a9 9 ! flags & co/umes1 & "o s+le t\* ( poor ruby 7ab\t two in*es squ>e71 :i* looks z if x might be mod]n4 ,! port 9 p]spective1 ! %ips1 ! :ole sc5e1 9 fact1 is reali/ically r5d]$1 & comes z ne> to success z is possible 9 glass4 ,delightful peeps ( l&scape are sometimes se5 ?r\gh ! columns & ar*es ( an ar*itectural backgr\nd4 ,:e!r ! ar*itecture be 9 purple ( div]s %ades1 or 9 :ite ) only %ad[s 9 purple1 or :e!r ! ne>] ar*itecture be 9 :ite & ! m di/ant 9 purple1 9 any case a di/ance beyond is commonly pa9t$ ^u ! grey-blue sky se5 ?r\gh x4 ,possibly1 z at ,con*es1 fur!r vi/as ( ar*itecture may be /a9$ gre5i% ^u x--any col\r almo/1 = a *ange4 ,b :atev] x may be1 & :]ev] x may be1 9 ! be/ "w x is col\r2 & x is always m effective ?an :]e ! %ad[ is repres5t$ by pa9t1 ev5 ?\gh ! br[n be n laid on ) a heavy h&1 inf9itely m effective ?an :5 blue or o!r col\r$ enamels are reli$ ^u1 z 9 "s in/ances at ,montmor5cy4 ,enamel may1 = all "o c tell1 h be5 us$ 9 "s ( ! l&scapes "h comm5d$--x is impossible to say )\t m9ute exam9ation ( ! glass1 :i* is r>ely feasible--b x nev] ass]ts its pres5ce2 & 9 any case x has n be5 us$ 9 suffici5t quantity to damage ! effect4 ,x w be ga!r$ f ! descriptions ( e>ly sixte5? c5tury glaz$ & pa9t$ di/ances1 t !y 7 z c>efully s*em$ ) a view to glaz+ 7?\gh 9 a v diff]5t way7 z a ,go?ic picture4 ,sometimes1 z at ,con*es1 !y are r elaborately lead$2 & :]e t is ! case !re is n s mu* dang] ( incongruity betwe5 ! delicacy ( ! pa9t+ & ! /r5g? ( ! leads--:i* ass]t !mselves less ?an :]e !y occur s+ly4 ,x /&s to reason also t ! m mosaic ! glass ! less fragile x is4 ,pa9t+ alone ^u ! blue is be/ employ$ = small peeps ( di/ance4 ,x adapts itself to small] w9d[s2 & x mu/ be done 7z = a :ile x 0 done7 s well1 t x seems z if ! design] mu/ himself h pa9t$ x4 ,7 ! arti/ always ! glass pa9t]1 & ! glass pa9t] always an arti/1 :o kn[s :at case pictorial glass might n make out = itself8 ,x is a co>s] k9d ( di/ance ?an ! ,fr5* t we f9d at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,!re ! l&scape backgr\nds are 9 :ite & /a91 grey-blue be+ res]v$ = ! sky beyond1 brok5 m or less by :ite cl\ds1 or1 occasionally1 by ! :ite trunks ( trees1 ! foliage ( :i* is sometimes glaz$ 9 gre5 glass1 sometimes pa9t$ ^u ! blue & /a9$4 ,"h & !re a di/ant tree is pa9t$ entirely ^u ! blue4 ,?is treatm5t is n ill adapt$ to subjects on ! l>ge scale ( ! "w at ,k+'s ,college1 b "o does n feel t ! pa9t]s made any?+ l ! mo/ ( _! opportunity4 ,! inexp]i5ce ( ! design]s is %[n 9 _! fe> ( us+ leads1 a mo/ unnecess>y fe>1 see+ t1 at ! di/ance ! "w is f ! eye1 ! b>s !mselves h only ab\t ! value ( ord9>y lead l9es4 ,illu/ration3 #agf4 ,,! ,,relief ,,( ,,leyd51 ,,g\da4 ,/rong] & m workmanlike1 b n q satisfactory1 is ! mu* lat] l&scape 7#aeeg7 ( ,dirk ,crabe? at ,g\da4 ,!re ! sky is blue1 lead$ 9 qu>ries1 on :i* are trees1 pa9t$ & /a9$1 & "s r florid cl\ds4 ,9 ! lat] "w g5]ally ! lead l9es are no long] ei!r frankly ackn[l$g$ or skilfully disguis$4 ,! outl9e ( a gre5 hill aga9/ ! sky w be feebly s(t5$ ) trivial little twigs & scraps ( pa9t$ leafage4 ,! decl9e ( l&scape is amply illu/rat$ at ,troyes4 ,at ,antw]p aga9 !re is a w9d[ be>+ date #afbf1 9 :i* ! l&scape backgr\nd ( a q incompreh5sible subject ext5ds to a di/ant horizon1 above :i* ! sky is glaz$ 9 :ite qu>ries1 ) cl\ds pa9t$ ^u x4 ,?is is an attempt to repeat ! fam\s feat ( glass pa9t+ :i* _h be5 done "s tw5ty ye>s be=e at ,g\da4 ,! ,relief ( ,leyd51 ( :i* a diagram is "h giv51 is 9 its way a mo/ rem>kable glass picture4 ,9 ! =egr\nd is a cr[d ( soldi]s & citiz5s1 ^u ! quay1 ab\t lifesize4 ,!y =m a b& ( ri* col\r at ! base ( ! composition2 b ! design is confus$ by ! introduction ( %ields ( arms & _! support]s imm$iately 9 front ( ! sc5e4 ,beyond are ! walls & t[]s ( ! city ( ,delft1 & ! adjac5t t[ns & villages1 & ! riv] dw9dl+ into ! f> di/ance :]e ,leyd5 lies--9 ! glass a really m>vell\s bird's-eye view ov] *>act]i/ically flat c\ntry4 ,! horizon ext5ds almo/ to ! spr++ l9e ( ! w9d[ ar*1 & above t rises a sky ( pla9 blue qu>ries1 brok5 only t[>ds ! top by a few bol/]-l & r dirty :ite cl\ds4 ,absolute realism is ( c\rse n rea*$1 b x is approa*$ ne> en\gh to />tle u into admiration4 ,x is a/oni%+ :at has "h be5 done4 ,b ! pa9t] has n done :at he meant to d4 ,t 0 n possible1 ev5 ) ! aid ( enamel4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,italian ,,glass4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! prec$+ *apt]s ! read] has be5 r unc]emoni\sly c>ri$ f c\ntry to c\ntry1 9 a way :i* may h seem$ to him erratic4 ,b !re 0 a reason 9 ! zig-zag c\rse tak54 ,! progress ( ! glass pa9t]'s art 0 n by any means a /raight l9e4 ,nor did x develop itself on p>allel l9es 9 ! v>i\s c\ntries 9 :i* x ?rove4 ,x advanc$ 9 "o place :il/ x 0 almo/ at a /&/ill 9 ano!r4 ,t is easily und]/ood4 ,x 0 inevitable t glass pa9t+1 ?\gh x arose 9 ,france1 %\ld langui% !re dur+ ! tr\bl\s times :5 ,engli% troops ov]ran x "u ,edw>d ,,iii4 & ?r\gh\t ! ,hundr$ ,ye>s' ,w>1 t x %\ld revive 9 all its glory "u ,francis ! ,fir/1 & t dur+ ! di/urbances ( ! ,fronde x %\ld aga9 decl9e4 ,! extremity ( ,france 0 ,engl&'s opportunity2 & our greate/ weal? ( /a9$ glass w9d[s dates f ! reign ( ! lat] ,plantag5ets4 ,! ,w>s ( ! ,roses d n appe> greatly to h affect$ art2 b aft] ! ,re=mation we 7 m busy sma%+ glass ?an pa9t+ x4 ,9 ,g]many ! c\rse ( art ran smoo!r4 ,glass ?rove "u ! ,holy ,roman ,empire1 & x 0 n until ! ,re=mation t x suff]$ any v sev]e *eck4 ,m$ival ,swiss glass may be class$ ) ,g]man4 ,9 ! ,ne!rl&s glass pa9t+ blossom$ out sudd5ly "u ! ,imp]ial fav\r ( ,*>les ,v4 ,x cont9u$ to be> fruit "u ! ,dut* ,republic1 until x ran to se$ at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,s x happ5s t1 9 foll[+ ! developm5t ( glass pa9t+1 x has be5 necess>y to seek ! be/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic illu/rations fir/ 9 "o c\ntry & !n 9 ano!r1 to travel f ,france to ,engl&1 f ,engl& to ,g]many & back to ,france1 !nce to ,fl&]s1 to ,france aga91 & f9ally once m to ! ,ne!rl&s1 to say no?+ ( %ort] excursions f "o place to ano!r1 z occasion might dem&4 ,9 ea* sep>ate locality !re 0 naturally "s sort ( progress1 b we _c take any "o c\ntry z all-suffici5t type ( ! re/2 & to h trav]s$ ea* 9 turn w\ld h be5 t$i\s4 ,!re 7 ev]y:]e diff]5ces ( practice & design2 9 ea* c\ntry1 = t matt]1 !re 7 local s*ools ) m>k$ *>act]i/ics ( _! own4 ,"s ( ! *>act]i/ic national diff]5ces h be5 po9t$ out 9 pass+4 ,to describe !m at l5g? w\ld be to write a comp>ative hi/ory ( glass1 ( :i* !re is "h no ?\ght4 ,:at conc]ns u is ! broadly m>k$ progress ( glass pa9t+1 n ! m9or local diff]5ces 9 /yle4 ,some?+ m1 h[ev]1 rema9s to be said ( ,italian glass ?an 0 possible 9 any g5]al survey4 ,! m]e facts1 t ! ,r5aissance arose 9 ,italy s long be=e x rea*$ ?is side ! ,alps1 & t glass pa9t+ 0 nev] really q at home 9 ,italy 7any m ?an ! ,go?ic ar*itecture :i* mo!r$ x71 suffici5tly acc\nt = ! difficulty1 nay1 ! impossibility1 ( class+ x accord+ to ! ,go?ic p]iods4 ,inde$1 "o is rem9d$ 9 ,italian glass less (t5 ( o!r w9d[s ( ! p]iod1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 or ,g]man1 ?an ( contempor>y ,italian pa9t+4 ,! comp>ative fitness ( ! works ( ! ,primitive pa9t]s = models ( glass design has already be5 po9t$ out4 ,x is s evid5t t ! ,italian s5se ( col\r c\ld f9d m adequate expression ?an ev] 9 glass1 t "o is incl9$ to wond]1 until x is rememb]$ t ,italian *ur*es 7 at ! same "t picture gall]ies1 t x did n m commonly f9d v5t 9 t m$ium4 ,ev5 z x is1 ,italian pa9t]s did f\nd a s*ool ( glass pa9t+1 comp>atively un9flu5c$ by ! traditional ,go?ic types ( design1 :il/ obs]v+ ! be/ traditions ( glazi]-l te*nique4 ,h5ce x is t we f9d 9 ,italy w9d[s su* z are n[h]e else to be se51 w9d[s :i* at _! be/ are ( ! v be/4 ,!re are resemblances 9 ,italian glass to ,g]man "w2 & "s ( x is said to h be5 execut$ by ,g]mans4 ,x is none ! less ,italian4 ,?\gh x 7 execut$ 9 ,g]many1 glazi] & pa9t] mu/ h work$ "u ! direct influ5ce ( ! ,italian ma/]1 & 9 complete accord ) him1 putt+ at 8 s]vice all _! exp]i5ce 9 _! craft1 & all _! skill4 ,s well did !y "w toge!r1 t x seems m likely t ! executant n only work$ "u ! eye ( ! ma/]1 b 0 at 8 elb[ :il/ he design$4 ,t alone w\ld acc\nt satisfactorily = ! absolutely h>moni\s co-op]ation ( design] & glass-work]4 ,"o ?+ is cle>1 t ! arti/1 :atev] 8 exp]i5ce 9 glass1 great or little1 _h absolute sympa?y ) 8 new mat]ial1 felt :at x c\ld d1 saw ! opportunities x (f]$ him1 & seiz$ !m4 ,an ,engli%man1 or a ,fr5*man1 :o f\nd himself = ! fir/ "t 9 ,italy1 w\ld be puzzl$ to give a date to ! w9d[s at ,pisa or ,milan1 or 9 ei!r ( ! *ur*es ( ,s4 ,francis at ,assisi4 ,ev5 an exp]t 9 ! glass ( o!r c\ntries has to speak gu>d$ly z to ,italian "w1 or he may h to retract 8 words4 ,italian ,go?ic is s ,italian & s little ,go?ic1 x is ( no use attempt+ to comp>e x ) ,nor!rn "w4 ,to ^?1 moreov]1 :o h be5 9 ! habit ( associat+ ! ,r5aissance ) ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! =ms ( ,quattro-,c5to ornam5t w p]si/ at fir/ 9 sugge/+ ! lat] date--j z ! fir/ "t "o goes to ,g]many ! survival ( ! old =m ( lett]+ 9 inscriptions ?r[s a suspicion ( l+]+ ,go?ic influ5ce ov] ev5 full-bl[n ,r5aissance design4 ,x takes "s "t to get ov] ! p]plexity aris+ f ! unaccu/om$ association ( an absolutely mosaic treatm5t ( glass 7:i* ) u w\ld mean emphatically ,go?ic "w7 ) di/9ctly ,r5aissance detail1 su* z "o f9ds at ! *ur*es already m5tion$1 at ! ,c]tosa ( ,pavia1 or at ,flor5ce4 ,at ,assisi ! glass means1 = ! mo/ "p1 to be ,go?ic4 ,"o is rem9d$ !re sometimes ( ,g]man "w1 bo? by ! col\r ( ! glass & by ! design ( "s ( ! m$allion & o!r w9d[s4 ,! ornam5t g5]ally incl9es to ! naturali/ic r ?an to ! ,quattro-,c5to arabesque1 or to ! geometric k9d %[n on page #if2 & ?\gh x includes a fair am\nt ( int]lac+ h&work ( di/9ctly ,italian type1 & is sometimes z deep 9 col\r z q ,e>ly glass1 x is approximately ,decorat$ 9 "*4 ,t is s equally ) ! brilliant rema9s 9 ! trac]y lights ( ,or ,san ,mi*ele at ,flor5ce4 ,b x is *>act]i/ic ( ,italian glass ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies t1 bo? by ! dep? ( its col\r & ! v quality ( ! mat]ial1 x %\ld cont9ually recall ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,sometimes1 z at ,milan1 = example1 y f9d ev5 sixte5? c5tury glass 9 :i* !re is practically no :ite at all except :at is us$ = ! fle% t9t4 ,9 ! ca!dral at ,pisa are "s w9d[s ) little subjects1 fram$ 9 ornam5t1 all 9 ri*e/ & mo/ brilliant col\r1 :i* are at fir/ sight extremely p]plex+4 ,! lead+ is elaborately m9ute1 & !re is no modell+ 9 ! figures1 :i* yet h no?+ ( ar*aic or v e>ly "*4 ,x turns out t ! pa9t ^u ! glass has p]i%$1 & !re is h>dly a ve/ige ( x left to %[ t ?is 0 n int5d$ = m]e mosaic4 ,! effect1 nev]!less1 is su* z to prove h[ mu* c be done 9 pot-metal glass1 & h[ little x dep5ds ^u ! pa9t+ on x4 ,illu/ration3 #agg4 ,,assisi4 ,else:]e1 z at ,arezzo 79 "w e>li] ?an t ( ,william ( ,m>seilles71 ! pa9t has (t5 peel$ (f to a v consid]able ext5t1 reveal+ sometimes pat*es ( q crude gre5 & purple1 :i* g to %[ t ! ,italians habitually us$ glass ( a raw col\r1 :]e x suit$ _! conv5i5ce1 & j ton$ x d[n ) br[n enamel4 ,! result proves t x 0 a dang]\s practice2 b1 :]e ! pa9t has held1 ! effect is n dull or dirty1 z ) u x w\ld be4 ,! ,italian sun acc\nts probably bo? = ! use ( ?is scum ( pa9t & = its n injur+ ! effect ( col\r4 ,! same quality ( deep ri* pot-metal col\r associat$ ) ,r5aissance design1 is ! fir/ ?+ t /rikes "o 9 ! w9d[s at ,bologna1 9 ! ca!dral at ,milan1 & 9 ,flor5ce ev]y:]e4 ,at ,milan 9 p>ticul> !re are compositions1 9 :i* blue & r$ pr$om9ate1 magnific5tly ri* & deep1 9 spite ( rec5t clean+4 ,! cunn+ way 9 :i* gre5 is occasionally us$ to prev5t any fl[+ toge!r ( r$ & blue into purple1 is a lesson 9 col\r4 ,two s*emes ( design prevail 9 ! nave w9d[s 7! old glass 9 ! *oir is s mix$ up ) new t x does n c\nt71 bo? equally simple4 ,9 ! "o ! rectangul> divisions =m$ by ! mullions & ! /\t] b>s are accept$1 )\t fur!r fram+1 z sep>ate picture spaces2 9 ! o!r ! ma9 =m ( ! w9d[ is tak5 z frame to a s+le picture1 ! mullions be+ only s f> tak5 into acc\nt t ! prom95t figures are design$ )9 !m4 ,"s ( ^! w9d[s are late en\gh 9 ! c5tury to %[ a fall+ (f 9 treatm5t4 ,9 ! ,apo/le w9d[ 7attribut$ to ,mi*el ,angelo87 ! :ite glass is all r$uc$ to a granul> t9t ( umb]2 & 9 ! "o illu/rat+ ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 !re is a mo/ aggressively =e%ort5$ figure1 :i* may h be5 effective 9 ! c>toon1 b is absurd 9 ! glass4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 at ,milan t typically ,italian glass is be/ to be /udi$1 ?\gh !re is en\gh ( x to />tle ! /ud5t ( glass ^: exp]i5ce _h n hi!rto ext5d$ s f> z ,italy4 ,nei!r is ,italian glass at its be/ at ,bologna1 ?\gh ! city 0 not$ = glass pa9t+1 :i* 0 practis$ !re by no less a p]son ?an ! ,bless$ ,james ( ,ulm4 ,b1 tru? to tell1 ! be/ w9d[s at ,bologna 7!y are mo/ ( !m fairly good7 are n ^? ( ! ,sa9t b ( ,pellegr9o ,tibaldi & ,lor5zo ,co/a4 ,x is at ,flor5ce t ! di/9ctive quality ( ,italian glass is be/ appreciat$4 ,!re is a va/ quantity ( x1 v>y+ 9 date f ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? to ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 b x is uni=mly ,italian1 &1 ) few exceptions1 x is extremely good4 ,figures "u canopies are ( common occurr5ce 9 ,flor5t9e w9d[s2 b ! canopies diff] 9 sev]al respects1 bo? f ! ord9>y ,go?ic canopy & f ! %r9e-l /ructure ( ! lat] ,r5aissance4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! canopy returns 9 ,italy to its primitive dim5sions4 ,x may or may n be ar*itecturally int]e/+1 b !re is 9 no case v mu* ( x4 ,! ,italians nev] w5t canopy-mad2 & !y kept ! framework ( _! pictures )9 mod]ate dim5sions4 ,! ,italian canopy ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 !n1 0 j a ni*e1 sometimes ( ,r5aissance design1 sometimes affect+ a m ,go?ic =m ) po9t$ or cusp$ ar* & s on1 "u :i*1 or 9 front ( :i*1 ! figures /ood4 ,x bore def9ite relation to ! figures1 & x 0 nei!r impossible ( con/ruction nor absurd 9 p]spective4 ,occasionally1 9 lat] "w1 z at ! ,c]tosa at ,pavia1 x 0 delicate 9 col\r1 b1 z a rule1 x 0 /rong & ri*4 ,x 0 n m]ely t ! %ad[$ portions 7 glaz$ 9 pot-metal1 z :51 at ,santa ,croce1 ! c(f]$ s(fits ( ! ar*es are "o mosaic ( jewell]y1 b t ! canopy ?r\gh\t 0 9 col\r4 ,illu/ration3 #agh4 ,s4 ,,m>ia ,,novella1 ,,flor5ce4 ,t is ! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ,italian canopy "w1 & inde$ ( o!r ornam5tal sett+--t x is z ri* z ! picture1 a "p ( x1 n a frame to x4 ,con/ructionally1 ( c\rse1 x is a frame2 b ! col\r does away ) ! effect ( framework4 ,x s]ves r to connect ! pat*es ( contra/+ col\r 9 ! figures1 ?an to sep>ate "o picture f ano!r4 ,occasionally ?is results 9 too mu* all-ov]i%ness1 m commonly x results 9 bread?1 mak+ y feel t ! w9d[ is "o4 ,x 0 expla9$ :at use 0 made ( :ite canopy "w 9 ,go?ic glass1 judici\sly to break up ! surface ( ! w9d[4 ,9 ,italy ! surface is judici\sly left unbrok51 & 9 t case also ! result is mo/ admirable4 ,) ! exception ( an occasional brassy yell[ canopy1 recall+ ,g]man col\r1 ! same sy/em ( connect+ canopy & subject toge!r by col\r is adopt$ alike at ,s4 ,croce1 at ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 & at ! ,duomo at ,flor5ce4 ,! composition ( ! w9d[s is simple3 )9 a bord] ( foliage or o!r ornam5t1 two or ?ree ti]s ( figures1 "u mode/ canopies1 sep>at$ p]haps by little m$allions conta9+ bu/s or demi-figures4 ,t occurs at ,s4 ,dom5ico1 ,p]ugia1 z well z at ,flor5ce4 ,illu/ration3 #agi4 ,,flor5ce4 ,a modification ( ! canopy occurs 9 ! nave w9d[s ( ! ,duomo4 ,! space )9 a n>r[ bord] :i* frames ! broad lancet1 is divid$ into two by a /rong upright b>1 & ! divisions ?us =m$ are treat$ z sep>ate trefoil-ar*$ lancets1 ea* ) ano!r bord] ( its own1 ! space above be+ treat$ mu* z ?\gh x 7 trac]y4 7,some?+ l ?is occurs1 x w be rememb]$1 already 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 at ,b\rges47 ,9 ! tall spaces )9 ! bord]s are ! usual ti]s ( figures "u canopies4 ,aga91 9 ! *apel ( ! ,c]tosa 9 ,val d',ema1 ne> ,flor5ce1 !re is a w9d[ ) d\ble-ni*$ canopies & pron\nc$ c5tral %aft divid+ ! broad lancet into two n>r[ ones4 ,illu/ration3 #ahj4 ,s4 ,,giovanni ,,9 ,,monte1 ,,bologna4 ,! ,italian canopy is n ( s /]eotyp$ a "* z 9 ,decorat$ or ,p]p5dicul> design2 & g5]ally x may be said t !re is1 bo? 9 ! design & col\r ( ,italian glass1 m v>iety ?an "o f9ds out ( ,italy4 ,! plan is less obvi\s1 ! s*eme less cut & dri$2 y "k mu* less :at to expect ?an 9 ,nor!rn ,go?ic1 & enjoy m (t5 ! pleasure ( surprise4 ,elaborately pictorial s*emes ( design are less common 9 ,italian glass ?an might h be5 expect$4 ,!re is a fam\s w9d[ 9 ! *ur* ( ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo1 at ,v5ice 7#adgc71 9 :i* ! f\r lights bel[ ! b&s ( trac]y :i* "h takes ! place ( transom are giv5 ov] to subject4 ,!re gre5 trees & pale blue wat] aga9/ a deep blue sky & deep] blue hills1 anticipate a fav\rite sixte5? c5tury col\r s*eme2 b ! glass is a m]e wreck ( :at 0 once probably a f9e w9d[4 ,figure gr\ps on a consid]able scale are *iefly to be f\nd 9 ! great bull's-eye w9d[s1 :i* are a /rik+ feature 9 ,italian ,go?ic *ur*es1 occupy+ a position :]e 9 ,france w\ld h be5 a rose--ov] ! ,we/ door1 = example4 ,illu/ration3 #aha4 ,,arezzo4 ,^! great circul> w9d[s1 :i* occur at ,arezzo1 at ,bologna1 at ,si5a1 & especially at ,flor5ce1 are usually surr\nd$ by an arabesque bord]4 ,occasionally ! bord] consi/s ( a m$ley ( *]ubic w+s & faces2 occasionally1 z at ,si5a1 x is 9 :ite1 m 9 ! =m ( m\ld+s2 9 "o case1 at lea/1 x disappe>s1 z x 71 beh9d ! figure gr\p 9 ! l[] "p ( ! w9d[2 b1 z a rule1 x consi/s ( ,r5aissance patt]n1 su* z are %[n "h & on page #gj1 l>ge 9 scale1 simple 9 design1 & z mosaic 9 execution z ?\gh x _h be5 twelf? c5tury "w4 ,! c5tre ( ^! circul> lights may h1 z at ! ,duomo at ,flor5ce1 a s+le upright figure1 en?ron$1 occupy+ a sort ( tall c5tral panel1 support$ by angels 9 ! sp&rils at ! sides2 or x may h a subject runn+ across x1 z 9 ! case ( ,p]9o del ,vaga's ,la/ ,supp] 7#aedi7 at ! ,we/ end ( ! ca!dral at ,si5a4 ,b v (t5 x enclos$ "o big figure subject1 su* z ! ,desc5t f ! ,cross at ,santa ,croce1 attribut$ to ,ghib]ti4 ,an e>li] mann] ( occupy+ a bull's-eye is %[n 9 ! ,ea/ w9d[ at ,si5a1 dat+ probably f ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,?is is subdivid$ by f\r huge cross b>s 7two horizontal & two v]tical7 into n9e comp>tm5ts1 or a cross consi/+ ( "o c5tral squ>e1 f\r squ>i% arms1 & f\r triangul> sp&rils4 ,ea* ( ^! divisions is tak5 z ?\gh x 7 a sep>ate light1 & has its own bord]1 enclos+ a sep>ate subject4 ,! b>s1 x is true1 are ( great size1 wide en\gh almo/ to h be5 ( /one2 b ! s*eme r sugge/s t ! design] 0 n q aw>e1 :5 he design$ x1 h[ mu* less significant !y w\ld appe> 9 ! glass ?an !y did 9 8 draw+4 ,unque/ionably ! f9e/ w9d[s 9 ,flor5ce are ! great lancets 9 ! apse & s\? apsidal transept ( ! ,duomo1 f9] ?an ! ?ree lights at ! ,ea/ end ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 :i* are s mu* m (t5 spok5 (1 possibly because !y are se5 to s mu* m advantage 9 ! d>k-wall$ ,lady ,*apel4 ,x is difficult to trace 9 ^! ,duomo w9d[s ! h& ( ,ghib]ti or ,donatello 7#adcd71 _! reput$ design]s4 ,!y are plann$ on ! simple/ l9es4 ,9 ! upp] s]ies1 ! space )9 a n>r[i% bord] is divid$1 by a b& ( ornam5t or inscription1 into two fairly equal p>ts1 9 ea* ( :i* /& two figures fac+ "o ano!r 7opposite7 "u ! simple/ =m ( canopy1 if canopy x c be call$4 ,x is a m]e frame1 at ! back ( :i* is a two-ar*$ arcade1 ) %afts disappe>+ beh9d ! figures4 ,!y /&1 t is to say1 n "u b 9 front ( x4 ,9 ! l[] s]ies ! arrangem5t is ! same1 except t ! upp] comp>tm5t conta9s a s+le figure1 l>g] 9 scale1 & seat$1 "u a canopy ( r m ar*itectural pret5sions4 ,"s ( ! canopies h cusp$ ar*es1 & "s ( ! bord]s are foliat$ 9 a m or less ,go?ic way2 b obvi\sly ! ,go?icism ?r\gh\t is only 9 def]5ce to prevail+ fa%ion4 ,9 feel+ & effect ! "w is ,r5aissance4 ,! design "h giv5 %[s ab\t "o half ( a w9d[2 b x gives1 un=tunately1 no h9t ( ! col\r4 ,! dep? ( x may be imag9$ :5 x is told t ! only approa* to :ite 9 x is 9 ! bead$ l9e r\nd ! nimbus ( ! figure to ! "r1 & t is ( ! hornie/ "*4 ,! fle% is ( a ri* br[ni% t9t4 ,! head on page #bgj goes ne>] to sugge/+ col\r4 ,!re aga9 ! face is br[n1 ! hair & be>d d>k & blui%2 aga9/ x ! b& r\nd ! head1 :i* is ruby1 tells light4 ,! orange-yell[ nimbus1 ray$1 is r light] /ill1 ! bead$ fillet edg+ x bone-:ite4 ,! drap]y is ( brighte/ yell[ diap]$ ) occasional blue trefoils1 ea* ( :i* has 9 its c5tre a t\* ( r$4 ,! backgr\nd is ( v d>k blue1 ! ar*itecture ne>e/ x bright gre51 beyond t x is d>k r$4 ,illu/ration3 #ahb4 ,,figures1 ,,duomo1 ,,flor5ce4 ,?is %ort explanation w s]ve to indicate ! key 9 :i* ! col\r is pit*$4 ,! glass itself1 x has be5 said1 is z ri* z ,fr5* "w ( ! twelf? c5tury1 z deep z ,g]man ( ! f\rte5?1 b m vivid ?an ei!r2 !re are no l[-ton$ gre5s or inky blues4 ,! blue is sapphire1 ! gre5 has ! quality ( an em]ald4 ,9 ?is palette ( pure col\r ! arti/ revell$4 ,n[h]e z 9 ! ,duomo at ,flor5ce is "o s impress$ ) ! feel+ t ! design] 0 deal+ delib]ately always ) col\r4 ,pla9ly t1 & no o!r1 0 8 impulse1 col\r--broad1 l>ge1 beautiful1 impressive1 solemn col\r masses4 ,else:]e ! /ory-tell] speaks1 or ! draughtsman1 "h ! col\ri/ confesses himself4 ,! gr& scale ( 8 figures all[s him to treat 8 col\r l>gely1 & its bread? is no less notable ?an its brilliancy4 ,!re is inf9ite v>iety 9 x2 b ! g5]al impression is ( great masses ( r$1 blue1 yell[1 gre51 purple1 br[n1 & s on1 held toge!r by ! same col\rs di/ribut$ 9 small] ?reads & spots1 z 9 diap]s on drap]y4 ,! broad mass ( any "o col\r is itself made up ( _m v>i\s t9ts ( glass4 ,! accid5tal fusion ( col\r1 z ( r$ & blue into purple1 is gu>d$ aga9/ by fram+1 say1 ! blue ) gre51 or ! ruby ) br[ni%-yell[4 ,at o!r times neutral tones are delib]ately produc$ by ! comb9ation (1 = example1 r$ & gre5 l9es4 ,illu/ration3 #ahc4 ,,flor5ce4 ,! ev5t proves t 9 ?is way1 & by ! *oice ( deep r ?an l[ tones1 n only mell[ness b sobriety ( col\r is to be obta9$4 ,! arti/ w\ld c]ta9ly h *os5 r to be crude ?an dull2 b x is v r>ely t a false note occurs1 & !n mo/ likely x is due to ! decay ( ! br[n pa9t ^u :i* he reli$ to br+ x into tone4 ,at ,arezzo "o 0 dispos$ to ?9k no?+ c\ld be f9] ?an ! glass ( ,william ( ,m>seilles2 at ,flor5ce "o is q c]ta9 t no?+ c\ld be m beautiful ?an ! glass 9 ! ,duomo4 ,ea* is1 aft] its k9d1 p]fect4 ,b at ,flor5ce1 at all ev5ts 7les abs5ts ont t\j\rs tort71 "o f9ds t ?is is n only ! m decorative k9d1 b ! m dignifi$4 ,"o is dispos$ to ask1 :e!r x is n bett] t 9 glass !re %\ld be no deceptive pictures1 no p]spective to speak (1 only simple & sev]ely dispos$ figures1 :i* nev] 9 any way di/urb ! ar*itectural effect1 :i* give to ! lea/ attractive int]ior--! ,duomo is z b>e z a b>n & z drab z a meet+-h\se--some?+ ( ar*itectural dignity4 ,illu/ration3 #ahd4 ,,prato4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,trac]y ,,lights ,,& ,,rose ,,w9d[s4 ,glass 9 trac]y lights & ,rose w9d[s _c consi/5tly be plann$ on ! l9es suitable to lancets or o!r upright %apes2 & x is int]e/+ to obs]ve ! modifications ( design necessitat$ by its adaptation to circum/ances s diff]5t4 ,?is applies n only to ,go?ic glass b to ,r5aissance1 ! be/ ( :i*1 z x happ5s1 is 9 ,go?ic w9d[s4 ,happily x nev] occurr$ to sixte5? c5tury arti/s to hamp] !mselves by any affectation ( ar*aism1 & _! "w is delib]ately 9 ! new mann]4 ,"o c und]/&1 too1 a c]ta9 up-to-date contempt on _! "p = ! old-fa%ion$ /onework2 b x is r surpris+ t s few ( !m seem to h realis$ h[ greatly _! own "w w\ld h ga9$ by a little m consid]ation ( 7if n =7 ! /onework4 ,:]e1 z at ,g\da1 by way ( exception1 ,go?ic w9d[s 7 built to receive lat] glass1 trac]y is to all int5ts & purposes ab&on$3 ! build]s w\ld h done away ) mullions _h !y kn[n h[ o!rwise to support su* huge glass pictures4 ,x has be5 expla9$ already1 9 ref]5ce to ! influ5ce ( ! w9d[-%ape1 & especially ( ! mullions1 ^u glass design1 h[ mu* m =midable ^! divisions appe> ^u pap] ?an 9 ! w9d[4 ,t is v pla9ly se5 9 _m a w9d[ :]e ! design] has reli$ ^u !m to frame 8 subjects4 ,! pictures h a way ( runn+ toge!r 9 ! mo/ p]plex+ way1 & "o has to pick !m out = oneself aga94 ,! practical conclusion f t is1 t ! design] is "u no obligation to conf9e himself too /rictly )9 ! sep>ate lights ( a l>ge w9d[4 ,:at he is b\nd to d is to take c>e t ! mullions nev] hurt 8 picture2 if !y d1 x is 8 picture :i* is to blame4 ,he may urge ) reason t ! upright %afts ( /one are !re m]ely = ! support ( ! w9d[1 & t x is n 8 bus9ess to emphasise !m1 en\gh if he ackn[l$ge !m4 ,9 trac]y1 h[ev]1 x is 8 b\nd5 duty to take mu* m he$ ( ! /onework4 ,x 0 design$1 9 intricate & (t5 v beautiful l9es1 ) delib]ately ornam5tal int5t2 x 0 meant to be se51 & x is 8 function to %[ x (f4 ,! "q he has to put to himself is n[ no long]3 does ! /onework hurt my design8 b3 does my design hurt ! /onework8 ,& he %\ld n be satisfi$ unless x helps x4 ,! arti/ :o1 at ,b\rges1 hav+ fleur-de-lys-%ap$ trac]y to deal )1 c>ri$ across x a design q contr>y to ! l9es ( ! /onework1 0 guilty ( a blank absurdity4 ,! ,e>ly ,rose w9d[s1 :i* 7 habitually fill$ ) ri* col\r$ glass1 consi/$ ei!r ( simple pi]c+s1 z at ,l9coln1 or !y 7 made up ( pi]c+s v def9itely divid$ by massive /onework4 ,9 proportion z mullions become n>r[1 & =m 9 !mselves a design1 x seems d\btful h[ f> deep-col\r$ glass c d !m ju/ice4 ,only /rong trac]y l9es w /& /rong col\r4 ,at ,*lons-sur-,m>ne1 = example1 ! foils ( c]ta9 cusp$ lights surr\nd+ a c5tral circul> picture are successfully ornam5t$ ) arabesque ( deep yell[ ^u pal] yell[ gr\nd2 & aga9 at ,or ,san ,mi*ele1 ,flor5ce1 c]ta9 gorge\s :eels ( ruby & yell[1 or ( blue1 gre51 & yell[1 & s on1 are unusually satisfactory4 ,9 su* cases n only bread? ( effect b def9ition ( ! trac]y =ms is ga9$ by keep+ !m 7m especially 9 _! out] circumf]5ce7 mu* ( "o tone1 :il/ contra/ ( col\r betwe5 "o light & ano!r helps /ill fur!r to assi/ def9ition4 ,b ?is applies only to /onework /rong en\gh to take c>e ( itself4 ,!re is a sort ( p]v]se brutality 9 putt+ into delicate & graceful trac]y deep ri* glass :i* hides its l9es4 ,su* l9es want %>ply def9+ aga9/ ! light4 ,e>ly w9d[s _h1 ( c\rse1 no trac]y prop]ly s call$4 ,! great ,rose w9d[s1 & ! small] ,roses surm\nt+ a pair ( lancets1 7 r pi]c+s ?an trac]y2 & x 0 n difficult to adapt ! design ( a m$allion w9d[ to suit !m4 ,a small pi]c+ 0 ready design$ = a m$allion subject2 no?+ 0 want$ b a bord] r\nd x1 n>r[]1 ( c\rse1 ?an w\ld h be5 us$ = a broad lancet light1 b ( ! same foliat$ "*4 ,! individual quatrefoils or o!r pr9cipal op5+s1 :i* w5t to make up a great ,rose w9d[1 7 fill$ 9 ! same way4 ,if ! op5+ 7 w$ge-%ap$1 z x (t5 01 ! obvi\s ?+ to d 0 to introduce into x a m$allion 7probably circul>7 ( ! full wid? ( ! op5+1 at ab\t its wide/1 & to fill up ! space ab\t x ) foliat$ ornam5t or geometric mosaic1 ) :i* also ! small] & less important pi]c+s w\ld naturally be fill$4 ,sometimes ! recurr+ figure m$allions 7 set alt]nately 9 foliat$ ornam5t & geometric diap]2 or ! lights might be gr\p$ 9 pairs1 two ) foliage & two ) diap]4 ,simil> alt]nation ( ! two common k9ds ( ,e>ly fill+1 naturally occurr$ 9 m9or op5+s :i* conta9$ no m$allion4 ,some?+ ( ?is k9d occurs at ,reims4 ,:5 ! %ape ( ! great ,rose p]mitt$ x--if1 t is to say1 ! circul> outl9e 0 /rongly pron\nc$--x 0 possibly fur!r ackn[l$g$ by a fairly broad bord]1 foll[+ x & disappe>+1 z x 71 beh9d ! /onework2 o!rwise1 except 9 ! case ( small] m$allion-%ap$ op5+s1 x 0 n usual to m>k !m by ev5 s mu* z a bord] l9e4 ,small ,roses _h sometimes1 z at ,aux]re1 a c5tral figure m$allion r\nd :i* 7 second>y foliage m$allions set 9 diap]4 ,a c]ta9 wayw>dness ( design1 already rem>k$ 9 m$allion w9d[s1 0 sometimes %[n by fill+ ! c5tral m$allion ) ornam5t & gr\p+ ! pictures r\nd x4 ,z ! lights ( a ,rose w9d[ radiat$ f ! c5tre1 features :i* recurr$ ?r\gh\t ! s]ies arrang$ !mselves inevitably 9 r+s2 & accord+ to ! disposition ( ! emphatic features ( ! design1 ! rays or ! r+s pron\nc$ !mselves4 ,?is is p>tly ! affair ( ! ar*itect :o sets out ! /onework1 b x lies ) ! glazi] :e!r he *oose to subdue or to emphasise ei!r feature4 ,x is h>d to say :y "o or o!r ( ^! s*emes ( glass design1 9 rays or 9 r+s1 %\ld be pref]r$2 b1 z a matt] ( exp]i5ce1 ! sun & /> patt]ns are n among ! mo/ happy4 ,p]haps ! /one spokes ( a :eel w9d[ ass]t !mselves q en\gh any way1 & ! eye wants lead+1 n vaguely away f ! c5tre1 b def9itely r\nd ! w9d[4 ,! circul> belts ( patt]n =m$ by m$allions or o!r features answ] to1 & fulfil ! "p (1 ! horizontal b&s 9 upright w9d[s 7page #aec71 & b9d ! lights toge!r4 ,! b& has x all its own way 9 a m]e bull's-eye1 su* z y f9d 9 ,italy1 :]e !re are no radiat+ l9es ( masonry4 ,x is /rongly pron\nc$ 9 "s circul> m$allion w9d[s at ,assisi1 9 :i* an extraord9>ily wide bord] 7a qu>t] ( _! diamet] 9 wid?7 is divid$ into eight equal panels1 ea* enclos$ 9 its own s]ies ( bord] l9es1 )9 :i* is a m$allion set 9 foliat$ ornam5t4 ,?is is f\rte5? c5tury "w2 b1 z 9 ?irte5? c5tury ,roses1 ! b>s foll[ & acc5tuate ! ma9 divisions ( ! w9d[4 ,ev5 :5 x came to ! glaz+ ( a ,rose w9d[ 9 a lat] ,go?ic /yle1 x is n uncommon to f9d a s]ies or two ( m$allions runn+ r\nd ! w9d[1 z occurs at ,ang]s4 ,!y hold ! design toge!r2 b 9 ! nature ( ! case !y are on too small a scale = ! pictures to c\nt = m ?an brok5 col\r4 ,inde$ y may see "h ! relative value 9 su* a position ( small figure subjects & bold ornam5t4 ,! scrollwork is z effective z ! m$allions are insignificant4 ,9 fact1 comp>$ to !m1 ! illegible m$allion subjects 9 ! lancet lights bel[ are readable by him :o runs4 ,x has to be confess$ t q "s ( ! mo/ beautiful & impressive ,rose w9d[s are p]fectly un9telligible1 ev5 ) a good field-glass4 ,?is is s ) ! ,we/ ,rose at ,reims4 ,9 ! c5tre x is ablaze ) r$ & orange1 t[>ds ! rim x %ades (f into delici\sly cool gre5s & gre5i%-yell[s4 ,x may mean :at x may2 ! col\r is en\gh4 ,room = figure "w on an intelligible scale is only to be f\nd by a device :i* v]ges on ! ridicul\s4 ,9 ! beautiful ,nor? ,rose at ,s4 ,ou51 ,r\51 figures :i* %\ld be upright are arrang$ 9 a circle l h]r+s 9 a b>rel4 ,simil> figures on a small] scale occur 9 c]ta9 trac]y lights at ,l9coln1 two ( :i* are "h giv54 ,aga9 9 ! ,nor? ,rose at ,le ,mans !re are tw5ty-f\r radiat+ figures4 ,9 fact1 !y 7 cu/om>ily s arrang$1 ev5 d[n to ! sixte5? c5tury1 a p]iod at :i* "o does n cr$it ! design] ) m$ival artlessness4 ,x is obvi\s t out ( a s]ies ( tw5ty or m figures1 radiat+ l ! spokes ( a :eel1 only a v few c /& any?+ l upright4 ,! design] ( ! ,s\? ,rose at ,s4 ,ou5 has endeav\r$ to get ov] ! difficulty1 z well z to accommodate 8 design to ! exce$+ n>r[ness ( ! lights z !y approa* _! axis1 by giv+ 8 p]sonages no legs1 & mak+ !m issue f a k9d ( %ea? or b\quet-hold]4 ,a numb] ( ! figures pret5d+ to /& 9 ! radiat+ lights by a ,rose or :eel w9d[ mu/ be ridicul\sly plac$4 ,& !n !re occurs ! "q z to :e!r !y %all all /& ) _! feet t[>ds ! hub4 ,:]e ! figures h space to float1 x is diff]5t4 ,! angels 9 ! ,late ,go?ic ,rose w9d[ at ,ang]s1 ) swirl+ drap]y :i* hides _! feet1 & makes !m by s mu* ! less obvi\sly human1 if n m actually angelic1 solve ! difficulty ( full-l5g? figures 7on any appreciable scale7 9 ! only possible way4 ,illu/ration3 #ahe4 ,,two ,,lights ,,( ,a ,,rose ,,w9d[1 ,,l9coln4 ,a portion ( a simple & r /rik+ :eel w9d[ ( ! ,decorat$ p]iod1 9 :i* conc5tric b&s ( ornam5t =m a conspicu\s feature1 is %[n ov]leaf4 ,9 ! small ,rose f ,assisi 7page #bgh7 ! glazi] has v successfully supplem5t$ ! design ( ! ar*itect1 complet+ ! f\r circles1 & acc5tuat+ !m fur!r by glaz+ ! c5tral sp&rils 9 mu* d>k] col\r ?an ! re/ ( ! glass1 :i* is ma9ly :ite4 ,9 ! elaborate trac]y ( ! ,decorat$ or geometric p]iod ! mullions1 z 0 said1 ask to be pron\nc$4 ,?is 0 usually done 9 ! ,second ,go?ic p]iod by fram+ ea* light ) a bord]1 sep>at$ f ! /onework always by a fillet ( :ite glass4 ,! exception to ?is 0 9 ! case ( trefoil$ or o!r _m-foil$ op5+s1 9 :i* a c5tral m$allion or boss1 usually circul>1 ext5d$ to ! po9ts ( ! cusps1 & ! bord] r\nd ! cusp+s /opp$ %ort aga9/ ! bord] to t4 ,or aga9 9 triangul> op5+s a c5tral boss w\ld sometimes ext5d to its m>g91 & ! bord]s w\ld /op aga9/ t1 or pass seem+ly beh9d x4 ,a typical =m ( ,decorat$ trac]y occurs 9 ! ,we/ w9d[ at ,york ,m9/]1 by f> ! mo/ beautiful "p ( x4 ,!re1 e important op5+ has )9 its :ite m>g9al l9e a broad] b& ( ruby or gre51 brok5 at int]vals by yell[ spots1 )9 :i* bord] is foliage ( :ite & yell[ on a gre5 or ruby gr\nd4 ,"s ( ! small] op5+s %[ :ite & yell[ foliage only1 )\t any col\r$ gr\nd4 ,a plan equally *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod is illu/rat$ at ,tewkesbury4 ,!re aga9 occurs simil> :ite foliage1 its /em encircl+ a c5tral spot ( yell[4 ,?is also is on gre5 & ruby backgr\nds1 ! =m] res]v$ = ! m prom95t op5+s2 b ! bord] is 9 :ite1 pa9t$ ) a patt]n4 ,?is broad] :ite bord] m effectively relieves ! d>k l9es ( ! masonry ?an ! bord] ( col\r1 :i* sometimes confuses ! %apes ( ! small] trac]y op5+s3 x does s1 = example1 9 ! ,late glass on page #bjj4 ,illu/ration3 #ahf4 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,rose ,,w9d[1 ,,g]man #ad,,? ,,c5tury4 ,= :at 0 said ( ! difficulty ( c>ry+ a broad bord] r\nd ! heads ( ,decorat$ lights applies m =cibly /ill to trac]y4 ,! m]e/ fillet ( col\r is (t5 z mu* z c safely be c>ri$ r\nd ! op5+1 if ev5 t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a broad bord] ( :ite & /a91 ev5 ?\gh x conta9 a fair am\nt ( black 9 x1 may safely be us$--z at ,*lons1 :]e x frames small subjects 9 ri* col\r4 ,"s admirable ,decorat$ trac]y occurs at ,wells1 mu* on ! usual l9es1 & conta9+ a good deal ( pleasant gre52 b !re ! :ite & yell[ foliage 9 ! c5tre "p ( ! lights is sometimes s closely design$ t v little ( ! col\r$ gr\nd %[s ?r\gh x1 & x looks at fir/ z if :at little gr\nd !re is _h all be5 pa9t$-out4 ,at ,s4 ,d5is ,walmgate1 ,york1 ! backgr\nd to ! foliage 9 :ite & yell[ 7:i* la/ pr$om9ates7 is pa9t$ solid3 ! only pot-metal col\r 7except 9 ! c5tral m$allion head7 is 9 a rosette or two ( col\r lead$ into x2 ! bord] is :ite4 ,ano!r exp$i5t !re employ$ is to introduce figures 9 :ite & /a9 ^u a gr\nd ( gre5 or ruby1 diap]$4 ,at ,wells !re occur little figures ( sa9ts 9 pot-metal col\r1 plant$ ^u ! :ite foliat$ fill+ ( ! trac]y lights4 ,decorat$ circul> m$allions occupy+ ! c5tre ( ornam5tal trac]y lights are usually fram$ 9 col\r$ l9es2 occasionally ! inn] m>g9 ( ! m$allion is cusp$1 9 imitation ( /onework4 ,illu/ration3 #ahg4 ,,assisi4 ,an effective plan1 adopt$ at ,evreux1 is to ga!r ! lights into gr\ps1 by means ( ! col\r introduc$ into !m1 :i* gr\p+ may or may n be indicat$ by ! /onework4 ,9 any case1 x is a means ( obta9+ at once v>iety & bread? ( col\r4 ,p]p5dicul> trac]y lights are !mselves1 9 mo/ cases1 only copies 9 m9iature ( ! l>g] lights bel[1 & ! glass is design$ on ! same plan4 ,a good illu/ration ( ?is is at ,great ,malv]n1 :]e ! design consi/s ( ! or?odox canopy "w 9 :ite & /a91 ) little figures also ne>ly all 9 :ite1 col\r occurr+ only 9 ! l[] skirts ( _! drap]y1 9 ! backgr\nd ab\t _! heads1 & beh9d ! p9nacles above4 ,! effect is beautifully silv]y4 ,(t5 su* figures "u ! canopies are angels1 all 9 :ite & /a94 ,sometimes s]aphim1 9 /a9 ^u a :ite gr\nd1 qu>ri$ p]haps1 fill ! lights1 )\t canopies4 ,^! are all typical ways ( fill+ ! trac]y ( a ,p]p5dicul> w9d[4 ,x 0 q a common ?+ to fill x ) glass :olly ( :ite & /a94 ,9 ! c5tre !re might be a m$allion head 9 grisaille1 or an inscrib$ label1 ! re/ ( ! space be+ occupi$ by conv5tional foliage hav+ j a l9e ( cle> :ite next ! /onework4 ,beautiful examples ( ?is treatm5t occur at ,great ,malv]n2 occasionally ! foliage is all 9 yell[ ) :ite fl[]s4 ,small op5+s are ?us (t5 glaz$ 9 a s+le piece ( glass1 or 9 any case ) ! fewe/ possible leads4 ,at ,s4 ,s]ge1 ,ang]s1 !re is l>g] "w ( a simil> k9d1 a bold scroll 9 :ite & /a9 on a gr\nd ( solid pigm5t1 out ( :i* is scrat*$ a small] patt]n1 n s bold z 9 ! lea/ to int]f]e ) ! scroll1 b en\gh to prev5t any?+ l heav9ess 9 ! pa9t$ gr\nd4 ,simil> treatm5t is adopt$ 9 ! ca!dral at ,beauvais4 ,once 9 a :ile "o comes1 9 ,engli% "w1 ^u figures 9 :ite & /a9 on a solid black gr\nd ext5d+ to ! /onework1 )\t any l9e ( :ite to %[ :]e ! glass ends & ! /onework beg9s4 ,x w\ld be impossible m emphatically ?an t to %[ "o's contempt = ! ar*itecture4 ,"s disreg>d1 if n actually contempt1 is %[n = ar*itecture 9 ! practice1 common no less 9 ,late ,go?ic ?an 9 ,r5aissance design1 ( c>ry+ a col\r$ gr\nd "r up to ! /one1 )\t s mu* z a l9e ( light to sep>ate ! two4 ,comp>atively light ?\gh ! col\r may be1 x is usually d>k en\gh1 unless x be yell[1 to confuse ! =ms ( any b ! bolde/ trac]y4 ,some?+ ( ! k9d occurr$ by way ( exception ev5 9 f\rte5? c5tury glass1 z at ,s4 ,radegonde1 ,poiti]s1 & at ,t\l\se1 :]e ! trac]y ( ! w9d[s is "o field ( blue1 irregul>ly spr9kl$ ) :ite />s4 ,! l9es ( ! trac]y are lo/1 & "o sees only spots ( :ite4 ,! ,lat] ,go?ic plan 0 to keep trac]y light1 ev5 ?\gh ! w9d[ bel[ x 7 altoge!r 9 ri* col\r1 & ! effect 0 good2 z at ,al5on1 :]e a di/9ctly blue w9d[ has 9 ! trac]y only angels 9 :ite & yell[ on a :ite gr\nd2 or1 aga91 at ,con*es1 :]e :ite-rob$ angels1 on a gr\nd ( ri* /a91 contra/ pleasantly ) ! cool blue ( ! lights bel[4 ,unusual treatm5t ( ! trac]y occurs at ,au* 7#aeac74 ,9 ! ma9 ! trac]y lights conta9 figures 9 col\r ^u a ruby or pal]-col\r$ gr\nd1 :i*1 z 9 s _m a ,r5aissance w9d[1 runs out to ! /onework2 b occasionally "h & !re a light is di/+ui%$ by a bord] ( :ite4 ,moreov]1 ! gr\nd is1 z a rule1 n ( "o col\r ?r\gh\t1 nor ev5 ?r\gh\t a s+le light1 b v>i$2 & t n symmetrically or patt]n-wise1 b s z artfully to c>ry ! col\r ?r\gh4 ,9 fact1 ! arti/ has tak5 8 trac]y mu* m s]i\sly ?an usual1 & has c>efully /udi$ h[ be/ he c\ld balance by ! col\r 9 x ! n q s easily-to-be-controll$ col\r ( 8 figure composition bel[4 ,! result is t ! w9d[s are all ( "o piece--ea* a complete & well-consid]$ col\r composition3 ! trac]y is n m]ely ! top "p ( ! frame to ! col\r$ picture bel[4 ,illu/ration3 #ahh4 ,,lyons4 ,9 ,r5aissance glass ! trac]y 0 m (t5 9 comp>atively full col\r1 ev5 ?\gh ! lights bel[ 7 pale4 ,a grisaille w9d[ at ,evreux1 ) practically blue trac]y1 has a v pleasant effect4 ,x 0 n (t5 t ! ,r5aissance glass pa9t]s gave v s]i\s att5tion to ! trac]y :i* !y _h to fill4 ,!y 71 = ! mo/ "p1 cont5t to conceive ea* sep>ate op5+ z a blue field ^u :i* to place an angel 7z above71 a cr[n1 a fleur-de-lys1 or o!r emblem1 z be/ might fit4 ,9 v _m sixte5? c5tury w9d[s ! design consi/s m]ely ( angels1 emblems1 labels1 or ev5 cl\ds1 dott$ ab\t1 z suit$ ! conv5i5ce ( ! design]4 ,sometimes1 z at ,s4 ,alp91 at ,troyes1 !re occurs 9 a trac]y light a tablet be>+ a date1--presumably1 b n always positively1 t ( ! w9d[4 ,su* devices 7 v (t5 9 :ite ^u a gr\nd ( blue1 purple1 or ruby4 ,angels ( c\rse adapt$ !mselves to irregul> %apes 9 ! mo/ angelic way2 & !y are introduc$ 9 e conceivable attitude--/&+1 kneel+1 fly+1 sw++ c5s]s1 s++1 play+ on musical in/rum5ts1 be>+ scrolls or %ields2 angels all 9 :ite1 angels 9 :ite ) col\r$ w+s1 angels 9 gorge\s array ( col\r3 & m accommodat+1 /ill1 is ! bodiless *]ub1 belov$ ( ,luca della ,robbia4 ,!re is a q *>m+ effect ( col\r 9 a ,jesse w9d[ at ,s4 ,macl\1 ,r\51 :]e ! trac]y lights are inhabit$ by little *]ubs1 9 ruby on a grey-blue gr\nd1 9 grey on deep] grey-blue1 & 9 em]ald-l gre5 ^u ! same4 ,! scroll )\t ! angel 0 a v conv5i5t fill+ = small] op5+s4 ,"s elaborately twi/$ scrolls1 9 :ite & /a9 on purple1 occur at ,m\l9s4 ,l>g] & m prom95t lights (t5 conta9 a sep>ate picture1 or "o picture runs ?r\gh sev]al lights1 or p]haps all ?r\gh ! trac]y4 ,worse ?an t is1 :]e ! picture runs ?r\gh f ! lights bel[2 z at ,al5on1 :]e ! trees gr[ up into ! blue ( ! trac]y1 brok5 o!rwise only by :ite cl\ds2 or at ,con*es1 :]e ! ar*itecture f ! subject bel[ aspires s high4 ,x is almo/ worse /ill :]e1 z at ,al5on aga91 & at ! *apel at ,v9c5nes1 x is ! canopy :i* s encroa*es4 ,9 ! exceptional case ( a ,jesse w9d[ !re seems less objection to accept+ ! :ole w9d[ z a field ?r\gh :i* ! tree may gr[2 yet ! trac]y is n ! happie/ "p ( ! ,beauvais w9d[ 7page #cfh74 ,sometimes ! heads ( ! l[] lights are made to appe> z ?\gh !y 7 "p ( ! trac]y4 ,a happi] =m ( ,r5aissance trac]y design is :]e m$allion heads 9 :ite & /a9 are introduc$ ^u a gr\nd ( pla9 col\r--blue at ,*lons1 purple-br[n at ,montmor5cy4 ,^! are sometimes mo/ beautifully pa9t$1 z are ! ,raffaellesque little *]ubs amid/ :ite cl\ds1 also at ,montmor5cy2 b !y are mu* m delicately done ?an !y ne$ h be51 & less effective ?an !y might4 ,v delicate pa9t+ ^u :ite does produce an effect ev5 at a di/ance2 at lea/ x gives quality2 b !re %\ld be "s relation betwe5 ef=t & effect2 & "h ! effect is weak z comp>$ ) ! exp5diture ( art4 ,9 ! trac]y on page #bac1 fairly effective ?\gh monoton\s1 ! birds are glaz$ 9 ) su* unnecess>y avoidance ( lead1 t ! cutt+ ( ! gr\nd mu/ h be5 a "w ( great difficulty4 ,9 glass ( e p]iod x has be5 ! cu/om to put too mu* into trac]y2 9 ,e>ly "w too mu* detail1 9 ,lat] too mu* f9i%4 ,:at is want$ is bread?4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,qu>ry ,,w9d[s4 ,! v simple/ =m ( w9d[ glaz+1 ! easie/ & ! ?riftie/ ?+ = ! cutt] to d1 & ! mo/ /raight=w>d = ! glazi]1 is to frame toge!r p>allel-sid$ pieces ( glass 9 ! =m ( a lead lattice4 ,qu>ries1 z all su* little squ>e or rhomboid %ap$ panes ( glass came to be call$1 7 us$ f ! fir/4 ,ord9>ily !y 7 set on end1 s z to =m diamonds2 :i* z "t w5t on1 7 g5]ally n rectangul>1 b long 9 proportion to _! bread?4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y 7 pa9t$ ) patt]ns trac$ 9 br[n2 &1 on ! discov]y ( silv] /a91 !y 7 9 p>ts t9t$ yell[4 ,f ! f\rte5? c5tury onw>ds1 qu>ry lights1 fram$ 9 bord]s1 & enliv5$ ) col\r1 =m a v important v>iety ( grisaille4 ,_m a grisaille patt]n 0 n f> remov$ f qu>ry glaz+1 z may be se5 opposite4 ,x 0 natural t1 = cl]e/ory & tri=ium w9d[s 9 p>ticul>1 ! glazi] %\ld d all he c\ld to simplify 8 "w4 ,cl]e/ory w9d[s are plac$ too high to be fairly se5 9 a n>r[ *ur*1 & tri=ium lights are (t5 half %ut (f f view by project+ %afts ( op5 arcad+ 9 front ( !m4 ,x is only :51 by r>e *ance1 !y happ5 to front y squ>ely at ! end ( an aisle or transept1 t !y are prop]ly se54 ,!re is no occasion1 !re=e1 to indulge 9 subtleties ( design2 ! "o ?+ ne$ful is t ! effect ( ! w9d[s z a :ole1 %\ld be pleasant1 s9ce all /udy ( detail is out ( ! "q1 except f ! tri=ium gall]ies opposite1 or by ! aid ( a field-glass2 & light arrangem5ts ( grisaille & col\r are 9 mo/ cases all t is want$4 ,! col\r may be m or less1 accord+ z x is desir$ to exclude light or to admit x2 b "s v simple1 unpret5d+1 & p]haps ev5 rude treatm5t1 is indicat$ by ! conditions ( ! case1 :i* to contradict1 is wa/eful & unworkmanlike4 ,! effect1 = example1 ( ! b& ( figures across ! grisaille 9 ! tri=ium ( ! transepts at ,evreux is admirable2 b ! way 9 :i* sev5 sa9ts out ( ! eight are cut v]tically 9 two by ! pill>s ( ! ar*itectural scre5 9 front ( !m1 is no?+ less ?an exasp]at+4 ,^! figures tell only z ! pat*es ( col\r2 & t c\ld s easily h be5 obta9$ by mu* simpl] means4 ,9 su* a position1 qu>ries may well take ! place1 n only ( figures1 b ( m int]e/+ grisaille2 &1 ev5 ?\gh !y be n pa9t$ at all 7z is aga9 ! case at ,evreux71 b m]ely brok5 by occasional sun-discs 9 :ite & /a9 cross+ !m1 & fram$ 9 a simple block bord] ( :ite & col\r1 ! effect may be entirely adequate4 ,x is n meant to d5y t figures 9 ri* col\r emb$d$ 9 c>efully design$ grisaille are m attractive2 b1 = its purpose1 qu>ry "w1 ) bord]s & bosses ( col\r1 is 9 ! majority ( su* cases1 en\gh4 ,illu/ration3 #ahi4 ,,l9coln4 ,illu/ration3 #aij4 ,,evreux4 ,figures or figure subjects 9 =mal b&s across tall qu>ry lights are always effective2 s are figures plant$ m casually ^u ! qu>ries--kneel+ donors1 fly+ angels1 or :atev] !y may be4 ,s aga91 are figure panels alt]nat+ ) bosses ( ornam5t2 b1 if ! w9d[ occupy a position :]e ! figures c be appreciat$1 a surr\nd+ ( qu>ries seems h>dly ( int]e/ en\gh1 & if n1 ! figures seem r ?r[n away4 ,"o is tempt$ to make exception 9 fav\r ( figures 9 grisaille1 :i*1 if v delicately pa9t$ 7z = example at ,s4 ,m>t9-cum-,gregory1 ,york71 %[ to advantage on a qu>ry gr\nd1 :i* has ! mode/y n to compete ) !m 9 int]e/4 ,! qu>ries keep _! place p]fectly z a backgr\nd2 & ! slight pa9t+ ^u !m is j en\gh to give ! glass quality1 & to indicate t1 h[ev] subord9ate1 x is yet "p ( ! picture4 ,a qu>ry w9d[1 no less ?an any o!r1 wants a bord]1 if only to prev5t ! /rongly m>k$ /raight l9es ( lead f appe>+ to run into ! /onework4 ,a simple l9e ( col\r ) ano!r ( :ite next ! mullions is en\gh = t4 ,ev5 ?is is occasionally omitt$1 m especially 9 trac]y lights1 b 9 t case ! glass seems to lack f9i%4 ,! mo/ satisfactory bord] to qu>ry lights into :i* o!rwise no col\r is introduc$1 is a broadi% bord] ( :ite1 pa9t$ ) patt]n & 9 "p /a9$4 ,a col\r$ bord] seems to imply o!r col\r break+ ! field ( qu>ries4 ,by itself x is too mu* or n en\gh4 ,its proportion is a ?+ to be det]m9$ 9 ea* case on ! spot2 b ev5 9 n>r[ lights1 if !y conta9 bosses ( col\r 7z d ^? 9 ! transepts at ,le ,mans7 a broad bord] ab\t "o fif? ! wid? ( ! w9d[1 ) a broad :ite l9e next ! /one1 is v effective4 ,! monotony ( any great surface ( qu>ry "w1 has l$ to ! introduction ( m$allions & ! l1 ev5 :]e x is n desir$ to introduce pot-metal col\r4 ,9 ! w9d[ f ,evreux1 illu/rat$ opposite1 ! effect ( ! delicately pa9t$ little angel m$allions1 9 :ite on a gr\nd ( /a91 is all t c\ld be wi%$4 ,any little surprise ( t k9d is always welcome2 b1 %\ld x occur too frequ5tly1 x becomes itself monoton\s4 ,!re is no end to ! v>iety ( =ms 9 :i* col\r may be introduc$ into qu>ry "w4 ,x is be/ 9 ! =m ( pat*es1 & n 9 ! =m ( l9es betwe5 ! qu>ries z occurs occasionally1 at ,poiti]s1 = example1 at ,r\5 ca!dral1 & at ,*lons 7page #afg74 ,illu/ration3 #aia4 ,,qu>ry ,,w9d[1 ,,evreux4 ,big rosettes1 discs1 wrea?s1 r+s ( col\r1 & ! l1 are m effective ?an small spots4 ,!y ne$ n be heavy1 !re may be any am\nt ( :ite 9 !m4 ,9 n>r[ lights1 !y may sometimes ) advantage come 9 front ( ! bord]2 t admits ( ! bigge/ possible m$allion1 & x is be/ to h su* features l>ge & few4 ,mean little rosettes are too sugge/ive ( ! contractor2 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,ou51 at ,r\51 "o is uncom=tably rem9d$ ( him--x w\ld be s easy to e/imate = glass ( t k9d at s mu* ! foot6 ,h]aldic %ields =m (t5 peculi>ly effective col\r-pat*es 9 qu>ry w9d[s1 m especially because ( ! accid5tal arrangem5t ( col\r !y compel4 ,!re is a po9t at :i* symmetry ( col\r palls ^u ! eye4 ,illu/ration3 #aib4 ,,l9coln4 ,! ev5 surface ( qu>ry lights all 9 :ite & /a9 is brok5 sometimes by an occasional b& ( inscription1 :i* may ei!r take ! l9e ( ! qu>ries1 or cross !m 9 ! =m ( a label4 ,at ,evreux "s qu>ry lights are mo/ pleas+ly int]rupt$ by squ>e pat*es ( inscription 9 yell[1 or1 :i* is /ill m satisfactory1 9 :ite4 ,9 ! same ca!dral !re is a v int]e/+ in/ance ( inscription1 9 lett]s "s five or six in*es high1 lead$ 9 blue ^u a qu>ry gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 #aic4 ,,g]man ,,qu>ry ,,bord]4 ,illu/ration3 #aid4 ,,e>ly ,,engli% ,,qu>ry4 ,! patt]ns ) :i* qu>ries are pa9t$ naturally foll[$ ! ord9>y c\rse ( grisaille4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ! designs 7 /rongly outl9$1 & %[$ cle> aga9/ a cross-hat*$ gr\nd2 :i*1 h[ev]1 did n1 z a rule1 ext5d to ! lead1 b a m>g9 ( cle> glass 0 left next to x1 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! qu>ry %ape4 ,! comb9ation ( qu>ries & /rap ornam5t 9 ! example at ,l9coln 7page #bhg7 is unusual1 b ! qu>ries !mselves are1 b = ! abs5ce ( a cle> l9e next ! leads1 *>act]i/ically ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! qu>ry bord] f ,nuremb]g 7above7 is r lat] 9 "*4 ,9 t case also1 z x happ5s1 !re is no m>g9al l9e ( cle> glass4 ,! typical treatm5t is %[n bel[4 ,lat]1 z 9 o!r grisaille1 ! cross-hat*$ gr\nd 0 omitt$2 & ! foliage took1 ( c\rse1 m natural =m4 ,x 0 pres5tly m delicately trac$ 7page #bij71 & m (t5 ?an n t9t$ 9 yell[ /a94 ,consi/5tly ) ! m natural =m ( leafage ! design 9 f\rte5? c5tury "w 0 (t5 "o cont9u\s gr[? trail+ ?r\gh ! w9d[1 & pass+ beh9d ! m>g9al b& ( /a9 :i* n[ usually emphasis$ ! top sides ( ! qu>ries4 ,(t5 a futile attempt 0 made 7page #bhf7 to give ! appe>ance ( int]lac+ to ^! b&s1 b t 0 nullifi$ by ! /rong] lead l9es4 ,true1 int]lac+ 0 only possible :]e1 z 9 "s e>li] "w1 ! b&s 7 cont9u$ on all f\r sides ( ! qu>ry1 s t ! lead fell into its place z int]space betwe5 two int]lac+ b&s4 ,x 0 bett] :5 !re 0 no pret5ce ( int]lac+ 7bel[74 ,additional importance 0 sometimes giv5 to ! m>g9al b& by trac+ a patt]n ^u x1 or1 z on page #bia1 pa9t+ x 9 br[n1 & !n pick+ out geometric trac]y ^u x4 ,!re came a "t :5 m>g9al l9es 7 omitt$ altoge!r4 ,t 0 ! usual1 ?\gh n inv>iable1 practice 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 by :i* "t ! draughtsman _h app>5tly le>nt to husb& 8 inv5tive faculty4 ,! cont9u\s gr[? ( ! patt]n1 z well z ! m>g9al ackn[l$gm5t ( ! lead l9es1 di$ out ( fa%ion1 & qu>ries 7 mo/ly pa9t$ sprig fa%ion4 ,! "* ( ^! sprigs w be be/ judg$ f ! specim5s on page #bhi1 "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ giv5 9 ,%aw's ,book ( ,qu>ries4 ,qu>ry patt]ns d n1 ( c\rse1 occur 9 t pr(use v>iety2 x is seldom t m ?an two patt]ns are f\nd 9 a s+le w9d[1 (t5 !re is only "o4 ,! range ( design 9 qu>ries ( ?is k9d is limit$ only by ! inv5tion ( ! arti/4 ,x includes bo? floral & conv5tional ornam5t1 animal & grotesque figures1 emblems & h]aldic badges1 cyph]s1 monograms1 mottoes1 & s on4 ,!re is scope n only = mean+ 9 design1 b = ! arti/'s hum\r2 b1 :5 all is said1 ! ,late ,go?ic patt]n w9d[s1 n[ giv5 ov] entirely to qu>ry "w1 are ( no great acc\nt z conc]ns _! detail4 ,! lat] qu>ry patt]ns are (t5 pretty en\gh1 sometimes amus+1 b !y g = v little 9 ! decoration ( a *ur*4 ,pl5tiful z qu>ry "w is ev]y:]e1 & *>act]i/ic z x is ( ,p]p5dicul> glass1 !re is n mu* t %[s an attempt to d any?+ s]i\s ) ! qu>ry w9d[4 ,all t 0 done 0 to pa9t m or less delicate & da9ty patt]ns ^u ! little loz5ge panes4 ,h[ev]1 !y 7 trac$ ) a light h& & a sure "o1 & ) a k9d ( spontaneity :i* gives !m really :at arti/ic *>m !y h4 ,illu/ration3 #aie4 ,,qu>ry ,,patt]ns 7,,%aw74 ,illu/ration3 #aif4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,qu>ry4 ,illu/ration3 #aig4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,qu>ries4 ,! occasional endeav\rs to get /rong] & bold] effects 9 qu>ry "w 7 n v successful4 ,at ,evreux & at ,r\5 !re are "s late qu>ries pa9t$ m aft] ! fa%ion ( bold mosaic diap]2 b ! effect1 ?\gh satisfactory en\gh1 is n su* z to conv9ce "o t t is ! bett] way4 ,illu/ration3 #aih4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,qu>ry4 ,to h]aldry1 & especially to %ields ( arms surr\nd$ by mantl+ 7page #bic71 qu>ries =m an excell5t backgr\nd1 b only 9 ! ev5t ( !re be+ en\gh ( !m left free to %[ t x is a qu>ry w9d[ ^u :i* ! h]aldry is impos$1 or r into :i* x is inlaid4 ,odds & ends ( qu>ries want to be acc\nt$ =1 z =m+ ! cont9uation ( ! glass above & bel[4 ,9 ! case ( a w9d[ n a qu>ry w9d[1 x is a mi/ake to break up ! backgr\nd1 z 0 sometimes done1 into qu>ries1 or r into fragm5ts ( qu>ries4 ,! object ( ! squ>e or diamond %ape is to break up a pla9 surface4 ,if ! gr\nd is naturally brok5 up by figures1 foliage1 mantl+1 or :at n1 :y introduce fur!r qu>ry l9es8 ,!y are n 9 !mselves int]e/+4 ,_! great value is 9 t !y give scale to a w9d[2 b t is only on condition t !y are se5 9 _! entirety4 ,illu/ration3 #aii4 ,,r\nd ,,glass1 ,,r\ndels1 ,,or ,,bull',s-,,eyes4 ,illu/ration3 #bjj4 ,,h]aldic ,,glass4 ,9 ,g]many ! place ( qu>ries 0 suppli$ by r\ndels 7page #bib7 unpa9t$4 ,:at applies to qu>ries applies 9 _m respects to !m2 & !y h a brilliancy :i* flat glass has n4 ,!y 7 usually enclos$ 9 pa9t$ bord]s ( :ite & /a91 & h a v delicate & pe>ly effect2 b :]e 7z at ,s4 ,pet]'s1 at ,cologne7 !y occur 9 great quantity z comp>$ ) col\r$ subjects1 ^! appe> to be float+ r uncom=tably 9 _! mid/4 ,! ,italians1 :o also us$ r\ndels 9 place ( qu>ries1 (t5 let col\r into ! int]/ices betwe5 !m1 & also little pa9t$ squ>es or pat] ( :ite & /a94 ,9 ! %am w9d[s decorat+ ! ,si/9e ,*apel at ,rome1 sep>at+ ,botticelli's s]ies ( ,popes1 ! po9t$ spaces betwe5 ! r\nds are col\r$ diagonally 9 successive r[s ( r$1 yell[1 & gre52 b ! result is mo/ pleas+ :]e1 z at ,v]ona & else:]e1 ! little triangul> spaces are nei!r ( "o t9t nor yet symmetrically arrang$1 b di/ribut$ 9 a quasi-accid5tal & unexpect$ way4 ,sometimes x 0 ! little pat] t 0 9 col\r & ! re/ :ite4 ,9 any case1 ! effect is ref9$1 z x is at ,arezzo also1 :]e ! monotony ( r\ndels1 9 sundry cl]e/ory w9d[s1 is brok5 by figure m$allions & o!r features 9 :ite & col\r4 ,! adaptation ( r\ndels to ! circul> %ape is %[n 9 ! portion ( a r\nd w9d[ f ,santa ,m>ia ,novella4 ,:at m rema9s to be said ab\t r\ndels & qu>ry w9d[s is res]v$ = ! *apt] on ,dome/ic ,glass4 ,illu/ration3 #bja4 ,,qu>ry ,,f ,,*etwode ,,*ur*4 ,illu/ration3 #bjb4 ,,w9d[ ,,9 ,,! ,,c]tosa ,,9 ,,val ,d',,ema1 ,,flor5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,dome/ic ,,glass4 ,x is cu/om>y to draw a di/9ction betwe5 ,ecclesia/ical & ,dome/ic glass4 ,9 m$ival days ! ,*ur* 0 ! patron ( art2 &1 :5 k+s & corporations commission$ /a9$ glass w9d[s1 x 0 usually to pres5t !m to ,"m ,*ur*4 ,x is 9 *ur*es1 !n1 t ! great] "p ( ! old glass rema9s to u1 iconocla/ic mania not)/&+2 & x is only !re t ! c\rse ( glass pa9t+ c be trac$4 ,once 9 a :ile1 z at ,s4 ,m>y's ,hall1 ,cov5try1 "o comes ^u a great w9d[ design$ to decorate a civic build+2 b ! :iles are few & f> betwe54 ,:5 su* w9d[s d occur !y prove n to diff] widely f m famili> *ur* "w4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two k9ds ( glass8 ,x is n t ! "o is ecclesia/ical ! o!r secul>1 ! "o religi\s ! o!r pr(ane art4 ,sacr$ ,art is a t]m consecrat$ by use2 b1 /rictly speak+1 x is a mean+less comb9ation ( words1 signify+1 if x signify any?+1 t ! speak] conf\nds ! art ( tell+ ) ! ?+ told4 ,art has no m a religion ?an x has a c\ntry4 ,no d\bt !re cl+s always to ! art ( ! dev\t believ] "s f]v\r ( fai?1 z !re may hang ab\t ! sceptic's do+ a *ill ( d\bt4 ,! hi/orian w enri* 8 glass ) /ory1 ! prea*] w convey 9 x a dogma4 ,poet or pros]1 philosoph] or fool1 may ea* 9 turn peep out ( ! w9d[4 ,y\? w ev]y:]e betray its ard\r1 manhood its vig\r1 age its exp]i5ce4 ,a live man _c help b put himself into 8 "w4 ,b none ( t is art4 ,8 art is 9 ! way he expresses himself1 n 9 :at he says2 & !re is no m religion 9 8 glass pa9t+ ?an 9 8 h&writ+1 ?\gh ! graphologi/ may read 9 x 8 "*4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 *ur* glass & dome/ic arises1 speak+ f ! po9t ( view ( art1 solely f ar*itectural conditions4 ,9 s f> z !y are bo? glass1 ! same me?ods ( glaz+ & pa9t+ apply to bo?4 ,x is only 9 s f> z ! position & purpose ( ! two are diff]5t1 t !y call = diff]5t treatm5t 9 design4 ,! treatm5t suitable to a great hall does n mat]ially diff] f t adapt$ to a *ur*2 ! same bread? ( design1 ! same l>g5ess ( execution1 are requir$2 :at suits a cloi/] w\ld suit a passage4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x comes to ! w9d[s ( dwell+-rooms1 ! s*eme & execution appropriate ev5 to ! smalle/ *apels ( a *ur*1 w\ld mo/ likely be out ( place4 ,! di/9ction is v mu* z t betwe5 wall decoration 9 fresco & cab9et pa9t+s 9 oil- or wat]-col\r4 ,9 ! h\se !re is less ne$ ?an 9 ! *ur* = sev]ity1 & m = livel9ess1 less occasion = bread?1 & m = delicacy4 ,! scale ( ! dwell+-room itself ju/ifies1 p]haps dem&s1 a small] treatm5t4 ,"h1 if any:]e1 is opportunity = t preci\sness ( execution :i*1 9 "w ( m monum5tal "*1 x seems a pity to exp5d ^u s frail a sub/ance z glass--frail] ?an ev] :5 x 0 ! ?9 :ite glass employ$ = w9d[ panes4 ,=1 s f> f ! glazi] ( ! sixte5? or sev5te5? c5tury imag9+1 z we mo/ly d1 t x 0 any "p ( ! purpose ( dome/ic glass to %ut out ! view--less ne$ 9 ^? days6--he employ$ 9 mo/ cases a mat]ial :i* 0 n m]ely transluc5t b absolutely transp>5t4 ,?is use ( transp>5t glass m>ks a di/9ction1 & =ms some?+ ( a new dep>ture4 ,x 0 employ$ to "s ext5t 9 ,r5aissance *ur* "w2 b !re x 0 m z a backgr\nd to ! /a9$ glass w9d[ ?an z a "p ( x4 ,"h ! transp>5t glass is ! w9d[2 & ! design1 :e!r 9 pot-metal or 9 enamel1 %[s m or less aga9/ ! cle>4 ,! relation%ip ( c]ta9 sev5te5? c5tury w9d[s at ,antw]p to ! ,italian w9d[s on pages #bie1 #bii1 #ceb1 is obvi\s4 ,!y may be q possibly f\nd$ ^u !m4 ,!re is ! same arrangem5t ( subjects 9 c>t\*es1 set 9 geometric glaz+ ( cle> glass4 ,b 9 ! ,italian w9d[s "o k9d ( glass is us$ ?r\gh\t 7! little pieces ( ?9 pot-metal col\r 9 ! c>t\*es1 & s on1 sc>cely c\nt72 & ! proportion ( ! pa9t$ "w to cle> glass is s s*em$ t1 al?\gh y may feel t ! pla9 "w wants j a t\* ( enri*m5t to br+ x all toge!r1 y are n ask$ delib]ately to imag9e y\rself to be look+ ?r\gh1 beyond ! pa9t+1 into space4 ,illu/ration3 #bjc4 ,,italian ,,grisaille1 ,,flor5ce4 ,! detail 9 ^! w9d[s f ! ,c]tosa 9 ,val d',ema1 ne> ,flor5ce1 is all outl9$ & pa9t$ 9 br[n ^u cle> :ite glass1 ! fle% w>m] 9 t9t ?an ! re/2 ! high lights are bru%$ out ( a matt t9t1 & "s pale /a9 is wa%$ 94 ,! artful ?+ ab\t ! design is1 ! cunn+ way 9 :i* ! bord]s are plann$1 s z to avoid ! absolute p>allelism ( m>g9al l9es4 ,= ! re/ ! design is r *>act]i/ically ,late ,r5aissance1 ?\gh ! relation ( bord] to c>t\*e1 & ( bo? toge!r to cle> glass1 is bett] ?an usual4 ,x w be not$ t ^! are n /rictly dome/ic w9d[s2 b !y are design$ to be se5 ab\t on a level ) ! eye1 & f a di/ance ( n m ?an t5 feet1 :i* is z f> z ! wid? ( ! cloi/] all[s "o to get away f !m4 ,illu/ration3 #bjd4 ,,c]tosa ,,9 ,,val ,d',,ema4 ,!y fulfil1 !re=e1 altoge!r v mu* ! conditions :i* apply g5]ally to dome/ic glass1 & may be tak51 if n z types ( dome/ic "w1 at lea/ z some?+ on ! way f ! *ur* to ! h\se4 ,?is1 ?\gh ! common type ( ,italian ,r5aissance grisaille1 0 n inv>iable4 ,at ,s4 ,fr$iano1 ,lucca1 = example1 !re is a :ite w9d[1 :i*1 except = a little m$allion 9 its c5tre1 might at a glance almo/ pass = ?irte5? c5tury "w3 ! ,c9que-,c5to scroll is s r5d]$1 ) cross-hat*$ gr\nd & all1 z to sugge/ ! e>ly m$ival craftsman2 x is c5turies away f ,da ,ud9e 9 /yle4 ,! dome/ic qu>ry w9d[ diff]$1 9 m$ival "w1 9 no respect f *ur* "w4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury x took r a new =m4 ,x consi/$ no long] ( a m or less diap]-l all-ov] patt]n1 b ( a panel1 design$ to be glaz$ 9 qu>ries4 ,"h1 aga91 is an approximation to ! sev5te5? c5tury practice ( lead+ up pictures 9 rectangul> panes1 b only an approximation4 ,!re is ?is important diff]5ce1 t ! qu>ry w9d[ />ts f ! lead l9es1 & is religi\sly design$ )9 !m4 ,?us to accept1 ! simple squ>e & obvi\sly fit l9es ( qu>ry glaz+1 & to exp5d 8 art 9 pa9t+ ^u !m1 simplifies ! task ( ! glass pa9t]2 & he v frequ5tly fell back ^u t plan1 m readily p]haps :5 he happ5$ to "k m ab\t pa9t+ ?an ab\t glaz+4 ,t 0 ,da ,ud9e's case1 :o is cr$it$ ) ! design ( ! w9d[s 9 ! ,laur5tian libr>y at ,flor5ce1 z ( ^? at ! ,c]tosa 9 ,val d',ema4 ,!y be> a date "s few ye>s aft] 8 dea?2 b !y are s l :at he c]ta9ly w\ld h done t1 directly or indirectly1 ! design is cle>ly due to him4 ,! "o illu/rat$ on page #bih is q "o ( ! be/ ( ^! w9d[s2 9 ! o!rs ! ornam5t is ev5 less coh]5t4 ,! *>act]i/ic arabesque is pa9t$ 9 br[n enamel1 ) r$d] enamel = ! fle% t9ts1 "s yell[ /a91 & a little blue enamel 9 ! h]aldic loz5ge1 all ^u cle> :ite glass4 ,! effect is delicate & silv]y & no appreciable am\nt ( light is exclud$ 7a po9t usually ( "s importance 9 dome/ic "w72 b1 ?\gh ! ma9 =ms are design$ )9 ! lead l9es1 "o feels t ^! h n be5 consid]$ en\gh1 t ! leads compete ) ! pa9t+1 & t ! b>s1 9 p>ticul>1 :i* are f> ?ick] ?an ne$ be1 & occur ) unnecess>y frequ5cy 79 fact1 at e horizontal qu>ry jo9t b "o71 v s]i\sly m> ! effect ( delicate pa9t+4 ,t is z mu* z to say t ! design1 graceful & fanciful z x is1 does n fulfil ! conditions ( qu>ry glass4 ,x is n en\gh = complete success 9 ?is =m ( w9d[ t ! qu>ry l9es %all be ! basis ( ! design2 ! pa9t+ also mu/ be /rong en\gh to hold its own aga9/ leads & b>s4 ,t is h>dly ! case ) ! exceptionally delicate ornam5t 9 ! ,dut* glass opposite4 ,b "h1 not)/&+ t ! scroll is slight] ?an ! ,italian "w & m delicately pa9t$1 ! c5tral pat* ( enamel col\r 9 ! %ield & mantl+ does1 to "s ext5t1 focus ! att5tion !re1 & s )draw ! eye f ! lead l9es4 ,! w9d[ is n m]ely clev]ly design$2 x is a frank1 /raight=w>d1 manly piece ( "w1 m>r$ only by ! comp>ative heav9ess ( ! leads4 ,! tru? is t a glass pa9t] becomes s us$ to lead l9es1 & gets to take !m s mu* = grant$1 t !y d n (f5d him2 & he is apt to =get h[ obtrusive !y may appe> 9 ! eyes ( ! unaccu/om$4 ,h5ce 8 sometimes seem+ly brutal treatm5t ( t5d]ly pa9t$ ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 #bje4 ,,dut* ,,qu>ry ,,w9d[1 ,s4 ,k4 ,,museum4 ,o!r good examples ( ,dut* dome/ic glass1 n q s good z ?is1 b pa9t$ ) admirable directness1 are to be f\nd at ! ,muse des ,antiquits at ,brussels4 ,at ! ,l\vre also ! ,dut* "w is good4 ,!re are two lights !re 9 :i* c>t\*es enclos+ small oval subjects 7fables7 spread ov] ! great] "p ( ! qu>ry glaz+1 leav+ only ! l[]mo/ ( !m comp>atively empty4 ,on ^! are pa9t$ butt]flies1 a dragon-fly1 ev5 a gad-fly1 almo/ to ! life4 ,^! flies ^u ! w9d[ pane1 l ! little m9iature figures 9 ! bottom corn] qu>ries on page #cja1 are trivial en\gh 9 idea2 b ! idea is clev]ly & da9tily express$2 & "o does n expect mu* else ?an triviality 9 sev5te5? c5tury design4 ,moreov]1 9 ! privacy ( dome/ic life x is p]mitt$ to be trivial4 ,= dignity ( treatm5t x w\ld be difficult to mat* ! specim5 ( ,flemi% glass %[n on page #cjd1 n[ at ,w>wick ,ca/le4 ,l ! ,dut* & ,italian "w1 x is pa9t$ on cle> glass b )\t ! prett9ess ( fle% t9t1 & ! backgr\nd to ! ornam5t 7x %[s dull grey 9 ! pr9t7 is brilliant yell[ /a94 ,?is little light & its companion on page #ih are z l>ge 9 /yle z !y are beautiful 9 effect4 ,!re is a gay] t\* 9 ! less s]i\sly decorative panel ( ,fr5* "w 9 ! ,l\vre giv5 on page #cjg4 ,9 t pot-metal is us$ = ! d>k ruby ( ! out] dress1 & = ! little bits ( blue r cunn+ly let into ! sp&rils ( ! ar*4 ,! fancifully design$ canopy1 ! arabesque1 & a portion ( ! drap]y are 9 /a91 all delicately pa9t$ ^u cle> glass1 & glaz$ ma9ly on qu>ry l9es--f :i*1 h[ev]1 ! design] saw fit to dep>t4 ,:at he meant by ! un=tunate circul> lead l9e ab\t ! head is difficult to imag9e4 ,x c h>dly be1 l o!r erratic lead+1 ! result ( m5d+4 ,no fracture c\ld possibly h /e]$ s c>efully betwe5 ! figure & ! ornam5t4 ,x looks almo/ z if at ! la/ he _h lo/ confid5ce 9 8 te*nique1 &1 9 try+ va9ly to avoid lead l9es1 _h end$ 9 giv+ !m extraord9>y emphasis4 ,9 ultra-delicate dome/ic "w ! leads are m ?an ev] ! difficulty4 ,"o is uncom=tably consci\s ( !m 9 ! wond]ful s]ies ( w9d[s--=m]ly at ,ec\51 & n[ 9 ! ,*teau de ,*antilly--9 :i* is set =? 9 =ty pictures ! /ory ( ,cupid & ,psy*e4 ,a specim5 ( ^! is giv5 on page #bah1 ?anks to ! fri5dly p]mission ( ,monsieur ,magne1 :o illu/rates ! :ole ( !m 9 8 admirable monograph ( ! ,montmor5cy glass4 ,! leg5d to ! effect t ,raffaelle design$ & ,palissy pa9t$ !m1 is pa/ all possible belief2 b !y are v rem>kable specim5s ( sixte5? c5tury "w1 re/or$ ab\t ! p]iod ( ! ,fir/ ,empire1 & m>k some:]e ab\t ! high-wat] m>k ( ,fr5* dome/ic picture glass4 ,a glance at ^! w9d[s is en\gh to %[ t !y 7 nev] s*em$ ) any def9ite view to glaz+4 ,r x w\ld appe> t ! pictures 7 fir/ design$ & !n ! leads introduc$ :]e be/ !y c\ld be disguis$4 ,b ! disguise is ev]y:]e transp>5t4 ,su* gauzy pa9t+ is inadequate2 x hides no?+4 ,y see always ! ?ick black l9es ( lead1 cruel en\gh1 b cl++ 9 a c[>dly way to ! edges ( weak =ms1 sneak+ into %ad[s1 & fooli%ly pret5d+ to pass !mselves (f z ! cont9uation ( pa9t$ outl9es n "o-tw5tie? "p s /rong z !y4 ,! sp>+ use ( glaz+ l9es makes !m all ! m conspicu\s4 ,!y mu/ orig9ally h ass]t$ !mselves ev5 m ?an !y d n[2 = ! accid5tal lead l9es introduc$ 9 rep>ation1 h[ev] mu* !y damage ! pictures1 d 9 a measure support ! orig9al glaz+ l9es1 & pull ! w9d[s toge!r4 ,! ,*antilly glass goes to prove ! impossibility ( satisfactorily dispos+ ( ! leads 9 v small figure subjects 9 grisaille4 ,9 "w on a l>g] scale x wants only a man :o kn[s 8 trade to manage x4 ,witness :at 0 done 9 *ur* "w4 ,illu/ration3 #bjf4 ,,grisaille1 ,,w>wick ,,ca/le4 ,! propriety ( execut+ figures 9 grisaille at all has be5 call$ 9 "q by ,viollet le ,duc4 ,e bit ( :ite glass1 he said1 %\ld be diap]$ ) patt]n trac$ ) a bru%2 &1 s9ce ?is treatm5t is n possible 9 fle% pa9t+1 fle% ought n to be pa9t$4 ,moreov]1 he says t grisaille has always ! appe>ance ( vibrat+1 & ! vibration fatigues ! eye2 !re=e1 he argues1 x is lab\r lo/ to pa9t :ite figures4 ,f> be x f an ornam5ti/ to d5y t a great deal too mu* importance is atta*$ to figure "w 9 decoration4 ,b ! am\nt ( trac+ necess>y on :ite glass is relative4 ,9 grisaille x is q safe to leave "s glass cle>2 &1 if x is n wor? :ile to pa9t figures1 is x wor? :ile to pa9t any?+ wor? look+ at1 or wor? pa9t+8 ,illu/ration3 #bjg4 ,,l\is ,,xiii4 ,,& ,,anne ,,( ,,au/ria4 ,! tru? is1 x we>ies ! sight to look at any glass = long at a /ret*1 & = a m]e c\p d'oeil ! mo/ brutal workman%ip w\ld (t5 d4 ,b1 if "w is ev] to be se5 f ne>1 ! *>m is gone :5 once y "k h[ co>se x is4 ,"o tires ( crude "w1 & delights m & m 9 :at is delicate4 ,:oev] has tak5 pleasure 9 su* "w z ! w9d[s at ,s4 ,alp9 at ,troyes w\ld f9d x h>d to r5\nce ! figure 9 grisaille4 ,to return to ! lead+ ( grisaille4 ,( ! two extremes1 ! bold1 ev5 ! too bold1 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! con/ructional l9es ( a w9d[1 is f> pref]able to ! timid attempt to conceal !m4 ,! glazi]s ( ! ,r5aissance ev5tually got ov] ! difficulty by ! simple plan ( ins]t+ into qu>ry w9d[s 7usually unpa9t$7 or into patt]n "w ( pla9 glass only1 little panes ( pa9t$ glass4 ,9 ?is way !re are introduc$ into "s w9d[s at ! ,*teau de ,*aumont "s v beautiful little portrait m$allions1 outl9$ ) a firmness & modell$ ) a delicacy :i* rem9d "o ( ! draw+s ( ,cl\et4 ,at ! ,g]manic ,museum at ,nuremb]g are "s simil> m$allion heads1 q ,holbe9-i% 9 "*4 ,a lat] portrait panel1 lack+ ! /yle & draughtsman%ip ( ^!1 b v clev]ly pa9t$ 7by ,l9>d ,gonti] !y say71 is reproduc$ on page #cje4 ,x repres5ts1 z ! inscription & cyph] g to %[1 ,l\is ,treize & ,anne ( ,au/ria1 z bride & bridegroom4 ,its date1 !re=e1 speaks = itself4 ,ano!r little pane by ,gonti]1 f ! ,htel des ,arquebusi]s at ,troyes1 n[ 9 ! libr>y !re1 is giv5 on page #caj4 ,! *>act]i/ic ornam5tal "w surr\nd+ ?is1 ?\gh n =m+ a consecutive frame to ! picture1 is ( ab\t ! same p]iod ) x 7#afba74 ,its design consi/s ( t modifi$ =m ( ,arab foliation 7comp>e x ) ! detail on page #ceb71 :i* 0 v mu* us$ 9 damasc5+ & niello "w2 inde$1 ! ,fr5* /ill call t k9d ( patt]n nielle4 ,"h x is trac$ 9 a f9e br[n outl9e1 & fill$ 9 p>tly ) yell[ /a9 & p>tly ) blue enamel4 ,! effect is pleas+4 ,illu/ration3 #bjh4 ,,dome/ic ,,glass1 ,,! ,,l\vre4 ,x 0 9 ,switz]l& t glass pa9t+ o!r ?an = *ur*es 0 mo/ ext5sively practis$4 ,! ,c\ncil ,*amb]s ( ,swiss t[ns1 & ! halls ( trade & o!r guilds1 7 enri*$ ) b&s ( armorial glass across ! w9d[s2 & ?r\gh\t ! sixte5? c5tury x 0 ! cu/om to pres5t to neighb\r+ t[ns or fri5dly ,corporations a pa9t$ w9d[ panel4 ,great "p ( ^! h be5 disp]s$1 & 9 ,switz]l& !y are n[ p]haps r>] ?an 9 ! museums ( o!r c\ntries4 ,! ,g]manic ,museum at ,nuremb]g & ! ,htel ,clny1 at ,p>is1 are ri* 9 ,swiss glass2 & we h "s at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,sup]b examples1 h[ev]1 /ill rema9 9 ,switz]l&--= example1 9 ! ,ra?-haus at ,luc]ne--?\gh !y belong to a p]iod z late z ! fir/ t5 ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #bji4 ,,pi]c$ ,,qu>ries1 ,,w>wick4 ,! usual =m ( design consi/$ ( a sort ( florid canopy frame ( mod]ate dim5sions1 enclos+ a %ield or %ields ( arms1 support$ by fanta/ically dress$ m5-at-arms4 ,!re 0 (t5 great _s 9 ! swagg] ( ^! melodramatic swa%buckl]s1 admirably expressive ( ! idea :i* und]lies all h]aldry3 ,i am somebody1 !y seem to say1 pray :o are y8 ,x is a comp>atively mode/ specim5 ( ?is class t is pres5t$ on page #ij4 ,9 ! w9d[s ( a private h\se x 0 frequ5tly ! ma/] & mi/ress :o support$ ! armorial %ield1 all 9 _! ,sunday be/1 & v pr\d ( !mselves too4 ,little ,bible subjects 7 also pa9t$1 ma9ly 9 grisaille4 ,x 0 = w9d[ panes t ,holbe9 drew ! ,/ations ( ! ,cross1 n[ among ! *ief treasures ( ! museum at ,ble4 ,^! also mu/ be class$ ) dome/ic "w4 ,!y may 9 "s cases h be5 de/9$ = a *ur*2 b !y w\ld mu* m appropriately decorate a private oratory4 ,^! h]aldic or pictorial panes g ev5 beyond ! delicacy ( cab9et pictures1 & are sometimes m on ! scale ( m9iatures2 b ( su* m9iature pa9t+ ! ,swiss 7 ma/]s4 ,!y c>ri$ craftman%ip to its v fur!/ po9t1 & among !m traditions ( good "w l+]$ long aft] !y 7 q dead 9 ,france4 ,( ,engli% "w !re 0 n mu*2 & ( t ! less said ! bett]4 ,f> into ! eighte5? c5tury ! ,swiss /ill _h a c>e = _! w9d[ panes1 &1 :5 pa9t+ w5t out ( fa%ion1 engrav$ !m ) armorial or o!r devices4 ,precisely t k9d ( engrav+ 0 employ$ also ^u poli%$ mirrors1 ( :i* "o f9ds examples 9 ,italy4 ,unpa9t$ qu>ry w9d[s 9 ,engli% h\ses 7 sometimes reliev$1 at ! same "t t v5tilation 0 secur$1 by ! occasional introduction 79 ! place ( glass7 ( little frett$ panels ( pi]c$ lead1 z %[n on page #cjh4 ,bel[ is a diamond-%ap$ pi]c+ ( ! ,jacobean p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 #baj4 ,,qu>ry ,,( ,,frett$ ,,lead4 ,illu/ration3 #baa4 ,,dome/ic ,,w9d[ ,,pane1 ,,troyes4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,canopy4 ,no "o c h paid mu* att5tion to /a9$ glass )\t obs]v+ ! conspicu\s "p play$ 9 its design by ! quasi-ar*itectural canopy4 ,inasmu* z x1 9 a s5se1 en%r9es ! figure1 !re exi/s "s sort ( symbolic reason = its use4 ,b t is n en\gh to acc\nt = its all b univ]sal employm5t4 ,a m obvi\s excuse = x is1 ! purpose x fulfils 9 ! con/ruction ( design4 ,x is a means ( acc\nt+ = ! position ( figures midway up ! w9d[1 p]haps "o above ! o!r1 & n /&+ ^u ! sill4 ,x is at once framework & support to !m1 prev5t+ !m f seem+ to float !re 9 space4 ,:]e ! design] ( ! *ur* design$ also ! glass = x1 x 0 almo/ inevitable t he %\ld plan x m or less ^u ar*itectural l9es2 & s we f9d t 9 w9d[s kn[n to h be5 design$ by ar*itects ! canopy is v (t5 ! mo/ conspicu\s "p ( ! design4 ,b at all times ! ma/]-build] mu/ h be5 a p[]1 & at all times also ev5 glazi]s & glass pa9t]s mu/ h be5 s intimately acqua9t$ ) =ms ( ar*itecture1 t x is n surpris+ !y %\ld h introduc$ !m into _! "w4 ,! fact is1 ! design] happ5s ^u some?+ l a canopy almo/ )\t int5d+ x1 &1 hav+ arriv$ s f>1 p]fects ! resemblance to x4 ,suppose a w9d[ ( f\r long lights1 9 ea* ( :i* x is desir$ to introduce ?ree figures4 ,t means divid+ x horizontally into ?ree1 :i* may be done by ! use ( b&s ( inscription1 z at a 9 ! diagram ov]leaf3 !re is no sugge/ion ( ar*itecture !re4 ,suppos+ y wi% to frame ! w9d[ at ! sides1 s z to /op ! picture1 z at b1 to ! left ( ! diagram2 y h /ill no v di/9ct sugge/ion ( ar*itecture4 ,b if1 ! bett] to frame ! picture1 y add an extra b& ( col\r1 z %[n at c1 y arrive at once at some?+ s l p]spective z to indicate an ar*itectural elevation4 ,inde$1 t is precisely ! =m ! canopy takes sometimes 9 ,italian glass4 ,ev5 :5 ! c9que-c5ti/ fram$ 8 picture m]ely 9 l9es he c\ld h>dly help giv+ !m ! appe>ance ( m\ld+s1 pa9t+ ^u 7z at ,arezzo7 egg-&-tongue or o!r famili> ar*itectural enri*m5t 9 :ite & /a94 ,illu/ration3 #bab4 ,,diagram4 ,9 ! cl]e/ory at ,freiburg is a w9d[ 9 :i* ! s]ri$ sa9ts appe> at fir/ sight to be simply fram$ by l9es ( pale purple2 b on exam9ation ^! resolve !mselves into a simple ar*itectural elevation1 ) ev5 a h9t ( unsuspect$ %ad[ 9 x4 ,! date ( t example is #aeab2 & canopies1 n to g back to ,grco-,roman decoration1 beg9 ) ! beg9n+ ( ,go?ic4 ,x is adduc$1 !re=e1 to %[1 n ! orig9 ( canopy "w1 b h[ inevitably some?+ ( ! sort occurr$4 ,its imm$iate s\rce is cle>ly imitation4 ,! ?+ is borr[$ /raight f ar*itecture1 & indicates1 x may ju/ly be said1 if n a c]ta9 lack ( inv5tive faculty on ! "p ( ! design]1 at lea/ "s dis9cl9ation to take ! pa9s to inv5t4 ,s 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury we h funny little glass p5?\ses ov] ! figures ( sa9ts1 ar*itectural 9 =m b n 9 col\r2 9 ! f\rte5? w9d[s are cross$ by r[s ( tall brassy disproportion$ tab]nacles1 z yet flat front$2 9 ! fifte5?1 :ite gho/s ( masonry pret5d to /& out ov] ! figures2 9 ! sixte5?1 alt>-l1 or o!r m or less monum5tal1 /ructures1 are pictur$ ) some?+ l ! solidity ( /onework2 & ev5tually ! canopy is m]g$ 9 pa9t$ glass ar*itecture1 :i* jo9s itself on z be/ x c to ! actual masonry4 ,! =ms ( canopy typical ( ea* p]iod ( ar*itecture h be5 discuss$ 9 ! sev]al *apt]s on design1 b some?+ rema9s to be said ^u canopy "w 9 g5]al1 & ^u p>ticul> in/ances ( x4 ,! ,e>ly canopy goes = no?+ z design4 ,its "o m]it is t x is inconspicu\s4 ,"o c\ld wi% t ! ,decorat$ 7 equally s4 ,!re is1 z a rule1 no %utt+ y\r eyes to its mass ( ov]p[]+ %r9ework4 ,:51 by way ( exception1 x *ances to be mode/ x is sometimes m int]e/+--z :]e x is sc>cely m ?an a cusp$ ar*1 or :]e1 z at ,/rassburg1 x takes ! =m ( an arcad$ b& across ! w9d[1 9 :i* are s]ies ( little demi-figures4 ,at ,cologne ,ca!dral also sundry sa9ts are pigeon-hol$ 9 ?is way4 ,apropos ( ?is1 x %\ld be m5tion$ t x inv>iably adds to ! int]e/ ( a canopy1 :52 = example1 ! broad %aft ( a ,decorat$ canopy enni*es angels & o!r figures1 or :5 !y are introduc$ among its p9nacles or 9 its base4 ,! wide-spread+ ,g]man canopy af=ds scope = v>iety ( design n possible s long z ! /ructure is conf9$ )9 a s+le light4 ,9 "s f\r-light w9d[s at ,erfurt 7#acdi-acgb7 ! broad %afts ( ! canopies1 ) sa9ts 9 sep>ate ni*es1 occupy ! :ole wid? ( ! out] lights1 leav+ only two lights = ! c5tral picture4 ,9 a five-light w9d[ at ,/rassburg ! canopy is five-ar*$1 all[+ sep>ate ar*es 9 ! out] lights = figures ( sa9ts1 :il/ ! ?ree c5tral ones cov] a s+le subject4 ,9 canopies :i* include ni*es ) sep>ate subsidi>y subjects1 ^! are sometimes by way ( prelude to ! ma9 /ory4 ,9 ! ca!dral at ,b]ne is some?+ ( ! k9d4 ,!re1 among ! p9nacles ( ! canopy :i* cr[ns ! subject ( ! ,adoration1 are se5 ! ,k+s sett+ out on _! pilgrimage1 j\rney+ by night1 hav+ audi5ce ( ,h]od1 & arriv+ f9ally at ! city ( ,be?lehem4 ,9 ! great alt>-l canopies ( ! ,r5aissance !re is sometimes a gall]y above1 ) angels or o!r figures1 :i* give po9ts ( col\r amid/ ! :ite4 ,9 any case1 ! canopy is usually m int]e/+ :5 x is peopl$4 ,! ,p]p5dicul> canopy is 9 effect mu* m pleas+ ?an :at _h gone be=e1 b x s9s 9 its simulation ( /onework4 ,!re also little figures 9 :ite & /a9 are v effectively introduc$ into ! %afts & o!r p>ts ( ! con/ruction1 b m 9 ! =m ( ar*itectural sculpture4 ,!re are "s v int]e/+ in/ances ( ?is at ,fair=d1 ?\gh ! canopies !mselves are n o!rwise peculi>ly int]e/+4 ,! useful device ( l[1 flat-topp$ canopies1 adopt$ 9 ! nave w9d[s at ,cologne ,ca!dral1 seldom occurs out ( ,g]many4 ,x is !re mo/ successful4 ,inde$1 ^! p>ticul> canopies are int]e/+ examples ( ! int]p5etration ( ar*itectural trac]y z well z ( its mod]ate & mode/ use4 ,late ,g]man canopies are (t5 mu* m leafy ?an ,fr5* or ,engli%2 !y are less ar*itectural--or r1 ! ar*itecture breaks out into m free & fl[+ gr[?4 ,! *>m ( ,late ,go?ic canopy "w1 z 0 said1 lies 9 its col\r1 or 9 ! abs5ce ( col\r--9 its silv]y effect1 t is to say4 ,& "o may safely add t q ! mo/ satisfactory canopies1 9 :atev] /yle1 are ^? 9 :i* :ite l>gely prevails1 modifi$ by /a91 b pres]v+ its greyi% "*4 ,9 lat] ,r5aissance "w :ite is /ill l>gely us$2 b x is made less brilliant by pa9t$ %ad[1 & s has less to excuse its ar*itectural pret5sions4 ,at ,milan !re is a w9d[ 9 :i* :at %\ld be :ite is 9 v>i\s granul> t9ts ( br[n4 ,! col\r$ canopy1 to :i* ! ,italians adh]$ 7z well z to ! bord] enclos+ x71 does n frame !m z ! :ite glass does4 ,! idea appe>s to be1 on ! contr>y1 t x %\ld =m "p ( ! picture4 ,else:]e ?an 9 ,italy col\r$ canopies1 o!r ?an yell[1 are r>e2 b !y occur4 ,!re are1 = example1 ! hide\s fle%-col\r$ con/ructions peculi> to ,g]many4 ,at ,troyes are "s n unsatisfactory little canopies 9 gre51 & o!rs 9 purple 7#adii74 ,at ,*lons-sur-,m>ne is an effective canopy 7#aebf-aecg7 ( gold5 arabesque on purple4 ,at ,freiburg 7#aebe7 is a /eely-blue ,r5aissance canopy1 f :i* dep5d fe/oons ( :ite & gre5i%-yell[1 aga9/ ! ruby gr\nd ( ! subject4 ,& !re are o!rs satisfactory en\gh4 ,b s inv>iably effective is ! framework ( :ite & /a91 t to dep>t f x seems almo/ l giv+ up ! v excuse = canopies4 ,! ,late ,go?ic canopy "w does mo/ effectually frame ! pictures1 & gives light1 ( c\rse1 at ! same "t4 ,x goes admirably ) ! col\r s*eme1 :i* includes always a fair quantity ( :ite1 ev5 9 comp>atively ri* figure subjects4 ,!re is no d5y+1 nor any desire to d5y1 its altoge!r admirable effect4 ,if ! effect 7 n o!rwise to be obta9$1 ! end w\ld ju/ify ! means4 ,b ! effect is due simply to ! sett+ ( ! subjects 9 a framework ( :ite1 n to ! ar*itectural "* ( ! design4 ,all t ^? ,p]p5dicul> canopies d c\ld be done equally )\t ar*itectural =ms at all4 ,canopies make no m beautiful scre5s ( silv]y-:ite ?an1 say1 ! ,five ,si/]s at ,york4 ,intr9sically !y are less int]e/+ ?an patt]n "w4 ,!y give less scope = arrang+ subjects v>i\sly1 j z "o w2 & !y all[ less range = ! fancy ( ! arti/4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ canopies1 & among ! mo/ effective1 are ^? ,e>ly ,r5aissance picture frames 7,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or ,italian7 :i*1 :il/ j suffici5tly sugge/+ some?+ ne> en\gh to ar*itecture to be call$ canopies1 are really little m ?an arabesque4 ,"o might almo/ say !y are pleas+ 9 proportion z !y dep>t f ! quasi-ar*itectural =mula4 ,! enorm\s value ( ! mass ( :ite af=d$ by ! canopy1 z a sett+ = col\r1 has reconcil$ u too readily to its use4 ,:y n ?is mass ( :ite )\t pret5d$ =ms ( masonry1 )\t ?is p>aph]nalia ( p9nacles8 ,! ar*itect alone1 p]haps1 9 8 he>t likes canopy "w1 & w\ld pref] x to any o!r k9d ( ornam5tal device4 ,:5 he plans a w9d[1 or directs its plann+1 =ms ( ar*itectural con/ruction occur to him naturally4 ,suppos+ him to be an arti/ 7z we h p]haps a "r to expect him to be7 he produces a f9e ?+2 b 7 he to "w ^u m workmanlike l9es1 or1 to speak q precisely1 m ^u ! l9es ( ! work] 9 glass1 h[ mu* bett] he w\ld d--be+ an arti/6 ,9 8 reliance ^u inappropriate /ructural =ms1 he makes ! obvi\s mi/ake ( dep5d+ ^u ! k9d ( ?+ ) :i* he is mo/ famili>1 n ! ?+ especially call$ =4 ,ea* p>ticul> craft has a te*nique ( its own4 ,"o o!r class ( p]son also loves canopy "w--! tradesman2 b 8 affection = x is less dis9t]e/$1 & m easily acc\nt$ =4 ,! /ock canopy 7z e "o kn[s :o has be51 z x 71 beh9d ! c\nt]7 is a fam\s device = *eap5+ production4 ,! examples *os5 = illu/ration ?r\gh\t ^! pages d1 on ! :ole1 mu* m ?an ju/ice to ! p]iods :i* !y 7 *os5 to repres5t2 b1 tak5 altoge!r1 !y d n1 ev5 s1 =m a v effective plea = canopy "w4 ,7 ! canopy m def5sible ?an x is 9 glass1 x w\ld /ill h monopolis$ f> too l>ge a place 9 ! s*eme ( m$ival & ,r5aissance design4 ,we owe l>gely to x1 9 connection ) ! gradually increas+ claims ( figure "w1 ! all b ext9ction ( patt]n glass4 ,figure "w is practically impli$ by ! canopy4 ,occasionally1 inde$1 ar*itecture has =m$ ! :ole motif ( a w9d[2 b ! case is s r>e t x does n c\nt4 ,once 9 a :ile !re may be excuse1 & ev5 occasion1 = almo/ any device4 ,!re is no valid reason ( art :y figures & figure subjects %\ld n be fram$ 9 ornam5t1 design$ inde$ ) ref]5ce to ! ar*itecture ( ! build+1 b n 9 ! lea/ 9 ! lik5ess ( ar*itecture4 ,?is ornam5t might p]fectly well be 9 :ite & /a94 ,ornam5tal sett+ 9 col\r does occur 9 ?irte5? c5tury m$allion w9d[s1 & aga9 7?\gh only by exception7 9 c]ta9 ,e>ly ,r5aissance glass2 b by t "t pictures1 z a rule1 absorb$ all ! int]e/ ( design4 ,! in/9ct :i* makes u want to give ev5 pictur$ p]sonages "s sort ( ro( above _! heads is m natural ?an logical4 ,anyway1 to make w9d[s to look l ni*es 9 ! wall1 is an absurd ideal ( design1 & ! ne>] ! glass pa9t] gets to x ! fur!r he has gone (f ! track4 ,if any?+ 9 ! nature ( a canopy be desirable1 cle>ly x %\ld be con/ruct$ on ! l9es1 n ( masonry1 b ( glaz+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,a ,,plea ,,= ,,ornam5t4 ,!re is a direction 9 :i* glass has nev] be5 fully develop$1 t ( purely ornam5tal design4 ,?is is ! m to be deplor$ because t direction is ! "o 9 :i* 0 mo/ scope = ! peculi> dep? & brilliancy ( col\r *>act]i/ic ( mosaic glass4 ,ornam5t 0 us$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury n only z a sett+ = figure m$allions1 b z ( suffici5t int]e/ to =m ( itself mo/ beautiful w9d[s 9 grisaille4 ,pres5tly ! attractions ( figure "w put an end to t2 &1 fur!rmore1 ! pref]5ce = picture naturally l$ to ! developm5t ( design 9 ! direction ( glass pa9t+1 :i* l5t itself s mu* m readily ?an mosaic to pictorial expression4 ,we owe to t1 n only ! p]fection ( glass pa9t+1 & its ultimate degradation1 b ! neglect ( lat5t possibilities 9 m ?or\ghly mosaic glass1 aye1 9 pure glaz+4 ,ev5 9 figure "w1 mu* might be done = cl]e/ory & o!r di/ant "w1 at all ev5ts1 9 pure mosaic glass4 ,^? :o h n closely obs]v$ old glass h no conception ( ! am\nt ( leadwork !re is 9 ! w9d[s !y admire1 at ! v mom5t t !y deprecate lead+1 s little d ^! int]f]e ) ! design1 :5 dispos$ ) ! cunn+ ( a craftsman4 ,"o c imag9e figures on a l>ge scale boldly block$ out1 ) broad %ad[s1 9 :i* n only ! %ad[s1 b ev5 ! reflect$ lights 9 !m1 might be glaz$ 9 pot-metal1 & f ! floor ( a big *ur* ! leads w\ld be inappreciable4 ,b1 except 9 "w ^u an absolutely h]oic scale1 !re w\ld always be ! difficulty ( ! fle%2 ! features w\ld h to be pa9t$2 & glass pictures ( ?is k9d w\ld ne$s be design$ ) a sev]e simplicity n calculat$ to satisfy ! mod]n pictorial s5se4 ,! advocates ( pa9t+ compla9 t due consid]ation ( ! qualities ( glass w\ld limit ! arti/ to ! balde/ k9d ( pictorial effect4 ,some?+ c]ta9ly mu/ be sacrific$ to fit treatm5t ( ! mat]ial1 or glass suff]s1 :atev] picture may ga94 ,t is :at has happ5$4 ,b if s mu* sacrifice is necess>y to figure1 :y always adopt t =m ( design8 ,:y n sometimes at lea/ ab&on subject1 & seek :at c be/ be done 9 glass1 ev5 ?\gh t be b>b>ic8 ,x is n q c]ta9 b t glass really l5ds itself only to a r b>b>ic k9d ( design1 or :at we are b>b>\s en\gh to call b>b>ic4 ,?is is c]ta93 ! int]e/ ( figure "w has put an end to ornam5tal glass4 ,x has become almo/ an article ( fai? ) u t1 to ! mak+ ( a w9d[ wor? look+ at1 figure design is indisp5sable4 ,t %\ld n be s4 ,&1 see+ t picture does n af=d full scope = ! qualities :i* glass-lov]s mo/ de>ly love 9 glass1 x seems r cruel t picture %\ld s l>gely prepond]ate 9 its design z to suppress ! possibilities 9 ! way ( ornam5t4 ,:y %\ld x be s8 ,!re are two v important reasons = ! introduction ( figure into glass1 ! "o lit]>y1 ! o!r arti/ic4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we love a /ory1 t is no m ?an human2 we want to "k :at x is all ab\t1 t is no m ?an rational2 & figure subjects af=d ! mo/ obvi\s means ( satisfy+ ^? crav+s ( ours4 ,b arti/s want ^! crav+s satisfi$ by means ( art4 ,"s ( !m1 p]haps1 ?9k m ( ! means employ$ ?an ( ! end a*iev$1 & w\ld h art = art's sake4 ,!irs is a doctr9e ( v limit$ application4 ,sanity insi/s ^u subord9ation ( ! means to end2 & art is n an end 9 itself1 nor is craftsman%ip4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 = "o mom5t sugge/$ t /ory1 s5tim5t1 mean+1 9 w9d[s1 %\ld be ru?lessly sacrific$ to craftsman%ip1 ev5 ?\gh expression impli$ ! use ( figure1 :i* x does n4 ,:at is claim$1 is m]ely ?is3 t :5 y employ a mat]ial or a process "s consid]ation is due to x4 ,be=e und]tak+ to express an idea1 x is always z well = ! arti/ to consid] h[ f> its expression is consi/5t ) art4 ,if x c be express$ only at ! co/ ( all t is be/ 9 art1 x 7 bett] to adopt "s o!r means ( expression4 ,if a p>ticul> craft is y\r "o means ( expression1 & t p>ticul> ?+ _c well be said 9 x1 !n say :at c be said2 x w be to mu* m purpose ?an say+ ev5 a bett] ?+ & say+ x ill4 ,! bett] ! ?\ght1 ! great] ! crime ( say+ x inadequately4 ,aft] all1 ! s5tim5t1 or :at n1 :i* p ask = 9 glass1 & :i* compels figure "w1 is n1 9 ! majority ( in/ances1 by any means s important1 ev5 9 _! eyes1 b t !y w\ld sacrifice x readily en\gh if !y knew ! price 9 art at :i* !y w\ld h to pay = x4 ,let patrons ( /a9$ glass1 if !y c>e = art1 pond] ?is /atem5t2 x is n spok5 9 ha/e1 b 9 conviction4 ,!re is "o reason ( s5tim5t :i* w\ld argue aga9/ great "p ( ! use t is made ( figure "w1 at all ev5ts 9 *ur* glass1 ! d\bt1 namely1 z to h[ f> x is possible1 9 ^! days1 to reconcile ! dev\t ) ! decorative treatm5t ( sacr$ subjects4 ,we are all admiration :5 we gaze up at ! spl5did figure ( ,moses 9 ! great transept w9d[ at ,*>tres4 ,b x is ! arti/ 9 u t is entranc$1 ! lov] ( glass1 & especially ( col\r2 ! artless wor%ipp] might feel t ! dignity ( ! ,lawgiv] w\ld p]haps h be5 bett] express$ ) less att5tion to decorative effect4 ,we are n %ock$ at ! ar*aic effigy1 because we realize t rev]5ce und]lies its simplicity4 ,9 mod]n "w x is o!rwise4 ,arti/ic int5tion1 admirable or n f ! /hetic po9t ( view1 is responsible = ! introduction into our *ur*es ( del9eations ( all t ,*ri/ians hold sacr$ s ridicul\s1 x is a wond] dev\t wor%ipp]s all[ !m to be !re4 ,! excuse = glass is its decorative effect4 ,its value is 9 its col\r4 ,a ,sa9t 9 /a9$ glass 7to m5tion no high] ,p]son7 /&s 9 a w9d[ = j s mu* col\r3 is n t r a degradation ( ! sa9t8 ,9 ! second place1 ap>t altoge!r f :at has be5 call$ ! lit]>y int]e/ 7:i* no "o w dispute7 !re is 9 figure "w a *>m1 altoge!r arti/ic1 9 ! v unexpect$ness ( ! col\r-pat*es y get 9 x1 n accid5tal q1 b 9 _m in/ances at lea/1 inspir$ by accid5t4 ,! besett+ s9 ( ornam5t is obvi\sness2 x has a way ( di/ribut+ itself too symmetrically & ev5ly1 ( lay+ its secret b>e to ! mo/ casual glance4 ,we see at once !re is no?+ to f9d out 9 x1 & our int]e/ drops to z]o4 ,9 figure design1 on ! contr>y1 !re are breaks ev5 9 ! v be/ balanc$ s*eme2 !re is always some?+ unexpect$1 un=ese51 some?+ to k9dle int]e/2 9 fact1 ! difficulty is1 !re1 to di/ribute ! composition ev5ly en\gh4 ,! "q arises :e!r ?is sam5ess1 & consequ5t tam5ess1 ( ornam5t1 ! way ! po9ts ( int5d$ int]e/ recur ) irritat+ frequ5cy & regul>ity1 resolv+ !mselves into m]e spots--:e!r ?is defect is inh]5t 9 ornam5t1 & insep>able f x4 ,pro( t x is n is af=d$ by h]aldry1 di/9ctly a bran* ( ornam5tal design1 9 :i*1 = precisely ! same reasons z 9 figure "w1 we get j t inevitable deviation f sy/em1 & m especially f symmetry1 :i* seems necess>y to ! salvation ( ornam5t4 ,:]e by happy *ance an ornam5tal w9d[ has be5 pat*$ ) glass n belong+ to x1 or :]e portions ( x h be5 misplac$1 we get simil> relief f monotony4 ,"h ! unexpect$ness ( contra/1 col\r1 & s on1 is accid5tal2 9 h]aldry x is1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 un=ese5 ( ! arti/1 & unavoidable4 ,may n simil> results be obta9$ ( set purpose & design8 ,surely !y may4 ,7 x o!rwise1 x w\ld be wor? fall+ back n[ & !n ^u haphaz>d1 & lett+ col\r come z x might4 ,happily !re is no occasion = t feeble sort ( fatalism4 ,giv5 a col\ri/ & a man ) t s5se ( di/ribution 7:e!r ( l9e1 mass1 or col\r7 :i* makes ! arti/1 :at is to h9d] him f delib]ately plann+ s mu* ( surprise z may be necess>y to tickle ! appetite = ! ornam5tal8 ,! ogre 9 ! pa? is :at we call economy4 ,because ornam5t c )\t d\bt be m *eaply execut$ ?an figure "w1 x is tak5 = grant$ t x mu/ be res]v$ by rights = *eap "w4 ,:at else is !re to recomm5d x8 ,&1 t be+ s1 ornam5t be+ b padd+1 by all means1 x is argu$1 let x be n only *eap b ( ! *eape/6 ,design1 moreov]1 if x be wor? hav+ at all1 is co/ly1 & !re is cle>ly ?rift 9 repeat+ ! same patt]n1 & ev5 "o unit ( x1 ov] & ov] aga94 ,! practice ( sav+ design 9 ?is way has become at la/ s mu* a matt] ( c\rse1 t no "o ?9ks ( design+ an ornam5tal w9d[1 z a :ole1 )\t repetition ( patt]n--except ! arti/2 & ) him x is a fond desire :i* he hopes p]haps "s day to fulfil--at 8 own exp5se4 ,"u circum/ances su* z ^!1 :at wond] ornam5t is monoton\s8 ,x c\ld n well be o!rwise4 ,b ^! conditions are n 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,ornam5tal design has subsid$ because no "o asks =1 c>es =1 or enc\rages1 ornam5t4 ,x ne$s only to be 9 ! h&s ( an arti/--n necess>ily a ,holbe91 b j a ,rhodian pott]1 a ,p]sian c>pet weav]1 a m$ival c>v]1 or a nameless glazi]--to be wor?y ( its mode/ place 9 art4 ,consid]+ ! co/l9ess ( good figure "w & ! absolute wor?lessness ( bad1 consid]+ ! way 9 :i* glass l5ds itself especially to ornam5t1 consid]+ h[ 9 ornam5t ! qualities mo/ necess>y to decorative effect & mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! mat]ial c be obta9$1 surely ! wis] policy w\ld be to d :at c s readily be done4 ,:5 glass l5ds itself s k9dly to ornam5t x seems a s9 to neglect x4 ,is x q pa/ pray+ =1 t !re may /ill be a future = w9d[s m]ely ornam5tal1 :i* %all yet satisfy ! s5se ( beauty8 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,! ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,/yle4 ,:at are ! *>act]i/ics ( ! v>i\s /yles 9 glass8 ,h[ does "o tell ! p]iod ( a w9d[8 ,^! are n que/ions t c be fully answ]$ 9 ! %ort space ( a *apt]1 :i* is all t c "h be devot$ to x2 b x may help ^? to :om a w9d[ tells no?+ ( its date1 briefly to m5tion ! *>act]i/ics accord+ to :i* we class x z belong+ to ?is p]iod or t4 ,) a view to concis5ess & to conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce x w be be/ to catalogue ^! *>act]i/ics r ?an to describe !m4 ,any subdivision ( glass into /yles mu/ be m or less arbitr>y4 ,"o /yle m]ges into ! o!r1 & ! *>act]i/ics ( ea* ov]lap1 s to speak4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t l9es ( dem>cation are ! c5turies2 =1 z x happ5s1 ! *anges 9 mann] d take place m or less t[>ds ! c5tury end4 ,! "o broad di/9ction is betwe5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance4 ,go?ic may be/ be divid$ into ?ree p]iods--viz41 ,?irte5? c5tury & be=e1 ,f\rte5? c5tury1 & ,fifte5? c5tury & aft]4 ,?irte5? c5tury glass1 commonly call$ ,e>ly ,engli%1 or1 z ! case may be1 ,e>ly ,fr5*1 may z well be tak5 to include1 = our purpose1 :at little rema9s ( twelf? c5tury or ,norman "w4 ,x includes naturally ,e>ly ,g]man "w1 :i* is ,romanesque & n ,go?ic 9 "*4 ,f\rte5? c5tury glass belongs to ! ,middle or ,transitional ,go?ic p]iod4 ,we call x ,decorat$1 = ! inadequate reason t its detail is naturali/ic4 ,fifte5? c5tury glass1 ) u ,p]p5dicul>1 9 ,france ,flamboyant1 9 ,g]many ,int]p5etrat$1 may1 = conv5i5ce' sake1 be tak5 to include s mu* ( ,go?ic z may be f\nd l+]+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ,sixte5? c5tury is m prop]ly ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,x is bett] n to apply to x ! ,italian t]m c9que-c5to1 s9ce ! great] "p ( x is n ( ! purely ,italian "* :i* t w\ld imply4 ,sev5te5? c5tury glass is to be di/+ui%$ f t ( ! sixte5? ma9ly inasmu* z x %[s m m>k$ly t decad5ce :i* _h already begun to set 9 be=e ! ye> #afjj4 ,x may be conv5i5tly describ$ z ,late ,r5aissance4 ,illu/ration3 #bac4 ,,/4 ,,remi1 ,,reims4 ,eighte5? c5tury glass is n ( suffici5t acc\nt to be class$4 ,x w be se5 t ! dates above giv5 d n q co9cide ) ^? ( ,w9/on1 :o gives ,e>ly ,engli% to #abhj1 ,decorat$ to #achj1 & ,p]p5dicul> to #aecj4 ,!re is "h no ?\ght ( impugn+ 8 accuracy2 b x seems m conv5i5t n to di/+ui% a new /yle until ! "w beg9s m>k$ly to diff] f :at _h gone be=e1 especially :5 ! m>k$ diff]5ce happ5s conv5i5tly to co9cide ) ! beg9n+ ( a new c5tury2 & ,w9/on himself says ( ,p]p5dicul> "w 7& implies z mu* ( ,decorat$7 t ! /yle c h>dly be said to h become ?or\ghly e/abli%$ until ! beg9n+ ( ! new c5tury4 ,we h ?us a c5tury ( ,middle ,go?ic1 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,:at goes be=e is ,e>ly ,go?ic or ,romanesque1 z ! case may be2 :at comes aft] is ,late ,go?ic1 cooeval = a qu>t] ( a c5tury or m ) ! ,r5aissance4 ,illu/ration3 #bad4 ,,detail ,,f ,,m$allion ,,w9d[s ,,at ,,cant]bury4 ,,e>ly ,,glass4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* /rikes "o 9 ,e>ly ,glass is ei!r its deep ri*1 jewell$ col\r 7,cant]bury1 ,*>tres71 or its sob]1 silv]y1 greyness 7,salisbury2 ,five ,si/]s1 ,york74 ,exception to ?is alt]native occurs ma9ly 9 v e>ly ornam5tal glass 7circa4 #acjj--,s4 ,d5is2 ,s4 ,remi1 ,reims2 ,ang]s71 9 :i* :ite & col\r are some:at ev5ly mix$4 ,e>ly figure "w occurs also occasionally 9 col\r on a :ite gr\nd4 ,! design ( ! ri*] class ( w9d[s consi/s l>gely ( figure "w4 ,! design ( grisaille w9d[s consi/s ma9ly ( ornam5tal patt]n4 ,composition4--,ri* w9d[s are ( ?ree k9ds3 m$allion w9d[s1 rose w9d[s1 figure & canopy w9d[s4 ,jesse w9d[s =m an exception4 7,*apt] ,,xxix47 #a4 ,m$allion ,w9d[s are ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod 7,*apt] ,,xii474 ,^! conta9 figure subjects1 on a q small scale1 )9 m$allion %apes set 9 ornam5t 7,cant]bury1 ,*>tres1 etc474 ,illu/ration3 #bae4 ,,mosaic ,,diap]4 ,9 ! v e>lie/ m$allion w9d[s 7,ang]s1 ,poiti]s7 ! ord]$ s*eme ( ! m$allion$ w9d[ is sometimes int]rupt$ by subjects n /rictly enclos$ 9 m$allions4 ,or else1 p]haps 7,*>tres71 ! subjects take ! =m ( panels "o above ! o!r--!y c sc>cely be call$ m$allions--) little or no ornam5t betwe54 ,aft] ! fir/ few ye>s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! figure m$allions 7circles1 quatrefoils1 etc47 occur1 z a rule1 "o above ! o!r ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! light1 ) p]haps a boss ( ornam5t betwe52 ! int]/ices be+ fill$1 9 ,engli% glass ) ornam5tal scrollwork1 9 ,fr5* ) geometric diap] 7opposite74 ,illu/ration3 #baf4 ,,detail ,,( ,,m$allion ,,w9d[1 ,,*>tres4 ,9 ! broad w9d[s ( ,norman *ur*es 7pages #abc1 #abd7 ! m$allions are proportionately l>ge1 & are subdivid$ into f\r or five divisions1 ea* ( :i* is devot$ to a sep>ate picture4 ,9 our n>r[] lancet lights !re is no occasion = t4 ,illu/ration3 #bag4 ,,b>s ,,9 ,,m$allion ,,w9d[s4 ,! figures 9 m$allion subjects are few & f> ap>t1 /&+ comp>atively cle>-cut aga9/ a pla9 backgr\nd 7page #cbe72 compact] gr\ps indicate a lat] p]iod4 ,l&scape is symbolis$ r ?an repres5t$ by a conv5tional tree or s2 a t[n by an ar* or two1 a battlem5t$ wall1 or ! l4 ,m$allions are fram$ by l9es ( col\r & bead$ b&s ( :ite1 b !y d n1 z a rule1 sep>ate !mselves v m>k$ly f _! ornam5tal surr\nd+s4 ,! effect is "o r indet]m9ate glory ( int5se col\r4 ,except 9 q ! e>lie/ m$allion w9d[s1 ! /rong iron b>s support+ ! glass are1 z a rule1 b5t 7above71 to foll[ ! outl9e ( ! m$allions4 ,t 0 done 9 no o!r p]iod4 #b4 ,rose ,w9d[s occur ma9ly 9 ,fr5* *ur*es4 ,!y are a v>iation ^u ! m$allion w9d[4 ,a great ,rose w9d[ 7,*>tres1 ,b\rges1 etc47 may be reg>d$ z a s]ies ( radiat+ m$allion lights1 ) subjects relatively few] 9 numb]1 & a great] proportion ( patt]n "w4 ,occasionally !y consi/ ( patt]n "w altoge!r4 ,small] ,roses 7! only =m ( trac]y met ) 9 q ,e>ly "w7 conta9 v (t5 a c5tral circul> m$allion subject1 ! cusps or foils r\nd x be+ occupi$ ) ornam5t1 all 9 ri* col\r1 ev5 ?\gh ! lights bel[ x be 9 grisaille4 #c4 ,figure & ,canopy ,w9d[s 7page #dj7 are m prop] to ! cl]e/ory & tri=ium ( a *ur*1 b !y are n entirely conf9$ to a f>-(f position4 ,) reg>d to !m x %\ld be m5tion$ t figures "u canopies1 sitt+1 or m (t5 /&+--"o above ! o!r 9 long1 n>r[ lights--occur ?r\gh\t ! ,go?ic p]iods1 & ev5 9 ,r5aissance glass4 ,! *>act]i/ic ?+ ab\t ! ,e>ly ones is ! /iffness & comp>ative grotesqu5ess ( ! figures & ! mode/y ( ! canopy4 ,?is la/ is ( small dim5sions4 ,x may be m]ely a trefoil$ ar* 7page #dj74 ,usually x is m ar*itectural 7page #df71 gabl$1 ) a little ro(+1 & p]haps a small t[] or two ris+ above1 n beautiful4 ,x is 9 fairly /rong col\rs4 ,x is s little conspicu\s t x is n at fir/ sight always di/+ui%able f ! backgr\nd to ! figure4 ,occasionally ! figure has no canopy at all4 ,! sa9t /&s front face1 /raight up 9 8 ni*e1 9 a con/ra9$ & cramp$ position1 occupy+ its full wid?1 :i* is obvi\sly insuffici5t4 ,8 feet re/ 9 an impossible mann] ^u a label be>+ 8 "n2 or1 if t be inscrib$ ^u a label 9 8 h&1 or on ! backgr\nd beh9d him1 !n he /&s ^u a little m\nd ( gre5 to repres5t ! e>? 7page #dj74 ,figure & canopy alike are ar*aic 9 design1 & rudely drawn4 ,x is seldom t a figure subject on a small] scale is introduc$ bel[ ! /&+ figure1 z 0 frequ5tly ! case 9 lat] "w4 ,gr\ps ( figures are *>act]i/ically conf9$ to m$allion w9d[s4 ,! ,bord] is a feature 9 ,e>ly glass4 ,x is broad4 ,9 m$allion w9d[s x measures sometimes z mu* z "o-f\r? ! wid? ( ! light4 ,x takes up1 t is to say1 p]haps half ! area ( ! w9d[4 ,x consi/s ( foliat$ ornam5t simil> 9 "* to t betwe5 ! m$allions4 ,v broad bord]s occasionally include small] figure m$allions4 ,9 figure & canopy w9d[s ! bord]s are less1 & simpl]4 ,sometimes !y consi/ m]ely ( broad b&s ( col\r int]rupt$ by rosettes ( o!r col\rs4 ,circum/ances ( proportion1 & s on1 influ5ce ! wid? ( ! bord]2 b a broad bord] is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,e>ly p]iod4 ,illu/ration3 #bah4 ,,le ,,mans4 ,9 ,rose w9d[s ! bord] is ( less acc\nt1 & is conf9$1 z a rule1 to ! out] r+ ( lights1 or1 x may be1 to _! out] edge4 ,detail4--,ornam5tal detail is sev]ely conv5tional4 ,9 v ,e>ly "w 7page #cbg7 x has r ! "* ( ,romanesque ornam5t1 ) /raplike /alks int]lac+1 (t5 enri*$ by a bead$1 zig-zag1 or o!r patt]n1 :i* may be ei!r pa9t$ ^u x or pick$ out ( solid br[n4 ,e>ly 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury foliage assumes ! simpl] ,go?ic =m1 ) c9quefoil$1 or m (t5 trefoil$1 leafage 7z "h %[n74 ,illu/ration3 #bai4 ,,*>tres4 ,:5 x beg9s to be m naturali/ic x is a sign ( transition to ! ,decorat$ p]iod4 ,9 ,g]many some?+ ( ,romanesque flav\r l+]$ f> into ! ?irte5? c5tury 7page #ccj74 ,!re is prop]ly no ,e>ly ,go?ic p]iod !re4 ,h]aldry is mode/ly introduc$ into ,e>ly glass4 ,! ,donor is occasionally repres5t$ on q a small scale 9 ! l[] "p ( a w9d[1 8 (f]+ 9 8 h&2 or he is cont5t to be repres5t$ by a small %ield ( arms4 ,col\r4--,! glass 9 ,e>ly w9d[s is unev5 9 sub/ance1 &1 consequ5tly1 9 col\r4 ,?is is v pla9ly se5 9 ! :ite glass1 :i* %ades (f1 accord+ to its ?ickness1 f gre5i% or yell[i%-:ite to bottle col\r4 ,! col\r lies also sometimes 9 /reaks ( light] & d>k]4 ,?is is especially s 9 r$ glass4 ,! %ades ( col\r mo/ usually employ$ = backgr\nds are blue & ruby4 ,:ite occurs1 b only occasionally4 ,illu/ration3 #bbj4 ,,aux]re4 ,illu/ration3 #bba4 ,,pat*work ,,( ,,grisaille1 ,,salisbury4 ,! ,e>ly palette consi/s (3-- ,:ite1 gre5i%1 & r cl\d$2 r$1 rubylike1 (t5 /reaky2 blue1 deep sapphire to pale/ grey-blue1 (t5e/ deep2 turquoise-blue1 ( q diff]5t quality1 incl9+ to gre52 yell[1 fairly /rong1 b nev] hot2 gre51 pure & em]ald-l1 or deep & ev5 l[ 9 tone1 b only occasionally incl9+ to olive2 purple-br[n1 r$di% or br[ni%1 n violet2 fle% t9t1 actually light] & m p9ki% %ades ( ?is same purple-br[n4 ,9 v e>ly "w ! fle% is incl9$ to be br[n]4 ,illu/ration3 #bbb4 ,s4 ,,kunib]t1 ,,cologne4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 ?\gh ! palette ( ! fir/ glazi]s 0 re/rict$1 ! proce$+ ( ! glass-mak]s 0 s little sci5tific t !y _h no v great control ov] _! manufacture4 ,no two pots ( glass1 !re=e1 came out alike4 ,h5ce a great v>iety ( %ades ( glass1 ?\gh produc$ f a few simple recipes4 ,!y might by accid5t produce1 once 9 a way1 almo/ any col\r4 ,a pot ( ruby sometimes turn$ out gre5i%-black4 ,/ill1 ! col\rs above m5tion$ pr$om9ate 9 ,e>ly "w1 & are cle>ly ^? aim$ at4 ,workman%ip4--,! glaz+ ( an ,e>ly w9d[ is /rictly a mosaic ( small pieces ( glass4 ,ea* sep>ate col\r 9 x is repres5t$ by a sep>ate piece ( glass1 or sev]al pieces4 ,! great :ite eyes1 = example1 ( big cl]e/ory figures are sep>ate pieces ( :ite glass1 rimm$ ) lead1 & held 9 place by connect+ /rips ( lead1 :i* give !m (t5 v mu* ! appe>ance ( spectacles 7page #dj74 ,9 "w on a suffici5tly l>ge scale ! hair ( ! head & be>d are also glaz$ 9 :ite1 or p]haps 9 "s d>k col\r1 di/9ct f ! br[ni%-p9k fle% t9t peculi> to ! p]iod 7same page74 ,no l>ge pieces ( glass occur4 ,illu/ration3 #bbc4 ,s4 ,,kunib]t1 ,,cologne4 ,^u exam9ation ! w9d[ proves to be nett$ ov] ) l9es ( lead jo9t+1 mu* ( :i* is lo/ 9 ! outl9es ( ! design4 ,9 l>ge cl]e/ory figures & ! l1 masses ( "o col\r occur1 b !y are made up ( innum]able little bits ( glass1 by no means all ( "o %ade ( col\r2 :5ce ! ri*ness 9 tone4 ,illu/ration3 #bbd4 ,s4 ,,jean-,,aux-,,bois4 ,pa9t+4--,9 ,e>ly glass pa9t+ plays a v subord9ate "p4 ,only "o pigm5t is us$1 & t n by way ( col\r1 b to pa9t out ! light & def9e =m4 ,details ( figure & ornam5t are trac$ 9 firm /rong bru% l9es4 ,l9es m>k ! exagg]at$ expression ( ! face1 ! close folds ( ! sp>e drap]y wrapp$ tightly r\nd ! figure1 ! s]ration ( foliage1 & s on 7pages #cc1 #cg1 #cbd74 ,l9es1 9 ! =m ( sweep+ bru% /rokes or cross-hat*+1 are us$ also to emphasise su* %ad+ 7n v mu*7 z may be indicat$ 9 ?irte5? c5tury "w1 or p]haps x %\ld r be said t ! l9es ( %ad+ are supplem5t$ v (t5 by a coat ( ?9 br[n pa9t1 n always v easily detect$ on ! deep-col\r$ glass ( ! p]iod4 ,:ite ,w9d[s1 or ,grisaille4--,grisaille assumes 9 ,france ! "* ( int]lac+ /rapwork all 9 :ite4 ,sometimes ?is is q )\t pa9t 7page #be74 ,pla9 "w ( ! k9d occurs also ) u2 b x is dang]\s to give a date to simple glaz+4 ,t at ,salisbury 7page #bf7 is probably n ( ! v e>lie/4 ,9 ,france1 z ) u1 su* /rapwork is associat$ ) foliat$ detail1 trac$ 9 /rong outl9e ^u ! :ite glass & def9$ by a backgr\nd ( cross-hat*$ l9es :i* g = a grey] t9t 7above74 ,aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ?is /rapwork is sometimes 9 col\r1 or po9ts ( col\r are introduc$ 9 ! %ape ( rosettes1 etc41 & 9 ! bord] 7pages #acg1 #ach74 ,9 ,engl& !re is f ! fir/ usually a c]ta9 am\nt ( col\r$ glass 9 grisaille w9d[s 7pages #ada1 #ccb74 ,sometimes !re is a consid]able quantity ( x 7,five ,si/]s1 ,york72 b x nev] appe>s to be mu*4 ,! effect is always *>act]i/ically grey & silv]y4 ,illu/ration3 #bbe4 ,,grisaille1 ,,salisbury4 ,s long z ! pa9t$ foliage keeps closely )9 ! =mal l9es ( /rapwork1 etc41 x is1 at all ev5ts 9 ,engli% glass1 a sign ( comp>atively e>ly ?irte5? c5tury "w4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury ! scroll w9ds r m freely ab\t ! w9d[ 7page #adc74 ,! omission ( ! cross-hat*$ backgr\nd & ! m natural r5d]+ ( ! foliation 7page #chf7 ann\nce ! approa* to ! ,decorat$ p]iod4 ,figure subjects 9 col\r1 plant$1 z x 71 ^u grisaille or qu>ry lights 7,poiti]s1 ,ami5s71 & grisaille bord]s to w9d[s ) figures 9 ri* col\r 7,aux]re71 are ( exceptional occurr5ce4 ,w9/on gives ! ye> #abhj z ! limit ( ! ,e>ly p]iod1 b !re seems no absolute reason = draw+ ! l9e at t date4 ,! use ( /a91 :i* 0 ! beg9n+ ( a new dep>ture 9 glass1 does n pron\nce itself be=e ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 m conv5i5t to include ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! c5tury 9 ! fir/ p]iod1 & to call x ?irte5? c5tury1 accept+ ! m naturali/ic type ( foliage1 :5 x occurs1 z sign ( transition2 =1 ap>t f t1 ! lat] ?irte5? c5tury "w is n v m>k$ly diff]5t f :at 0 done be=e #abhj4 ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 #bbf4 ,s4 ,,urba91 ,,troyes4 ,decorat$ or ,int]m$iate ,go?ic4--,decorat$ glass gr[s *>act]i/ically liveli] 9 col\r ?an ,e>ly glass2 at fir/ x becomes w>m]1 ow+ to ! use ( m yell[1 !n light]1 ow+ to ! use ( :ite4 ,x does n divide itself s obvi\sly into col\r$ & grisaille4 ,! figure subjects include1 z "t goes on1 m & m :ite glass4 ,! grisaille conta9s m col\r4 ,figures & figure subjects are n[ v commonly us$ 9 comb9ation ) grisaille ornam5t 9 ! same w9d[4 ,t is a new & *>act]i/ic dep>ture 7page #aei74 ,composition4--,figure w9d[s occur1 inde$1 ) little or no ornam5t1 9 :i* case ! subjects are pil$ "o above ! o!r1 9 panels r ?an m$allions1 or "u canopies4 ,:5 ! canopies are insignificant ! result is "o app>5tly compact mass ( small figure "w1 z deep & ri* p]haps 9 col\r 7,s4 ,sebald's1 ,nuremb]g7 z an ,e>ly m$allion w9d[2 b ! col\r is n s equally di/ribut$2 x occurs m 9 pat*es4 ,decorat$ canopies1 h[ev]1 are usually1 aft] ! fir/ few ye>s1 ( suffici5t size to ass]t !mselves z v conspicu\s pat*es ( r brassy yell[1 :i* 9 a w9d[ ( sev]al lights 7& w9d[s n[ almo/ inv>iably consi/ ( two or m lights7 =m a b& 7or if !re are two or m ti]s ( canopies1 a s]ies ( b&s7 across ! w9d[4 ,9 ! case ( grisaille w9d[s also1 figures or figure subjects are introduc$ ei!r 9 ! =m ( %ap$ panels or "u little canopies1 & take ! =m ( a b& or b&s ( comp>atively ri* col\r across a comp>atively light w9d[4 ,:5 ^! canopies are !mselves pron\nc$1 ! w9d[ %[s alt]nate b&s ( figures 7ri*71 canopies 7yell[i%71 & ornam5tal patt]n 7:iti%74 ,9 any case ^! horizontal b&s across ! w9d[ m>k dep>ture f ! e>li] /yle4 ,canopies4--,canopies occur n[ ov] subjects z well z s+le figures4 ,! canopy is design$ 9 flat elevation4 ,any indication ( p]spective betok5s ! end ( ! p]iod4 ,x has broadi% %afts1 usually = ! mo/ "p :ite1 :i* t]m9ate 9 p9nacles 7page #aee74 ,x has seldom any ar*itectural base3 ! figures /& ^u grass or pavem5t4 ,x has usually a ?ree-cusp$ ar*1 & above t a po9t$ gable decorat$ ) crockets & end+ 9 a f9ial4 ,crockets & f9ial are usually 9 /rong1 brassy yell[4 ,above are p9nacles & %r9ework 9 :ite & col\r1 includ+ z a rule a fair am\nt ( yell[4 ,x may rise to a great height1 dw>f+ ! figure b5ea? x4 ,?is occurs v especially 9 ,g]man "w4 ,sometimes ! mo/ conspicu\s ?+ 9 ! w9d[ is ?is disproportionate canopy4 ,its v disproportion is *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod4 ,9 ,g]man "w "o great brassy canopy w frequ5tly be f\nd /ret*+ "r across ! sev]al lights ( ! w9d[1 ov]-ar*+ a s+le subject4 ,?is tripti*-l composition w occupy1 p]haps1 two-?irds ( ! height ( ! w9d[4 ,! backgr\nd beh9d ! p9nacles ( ?is canopy may be ei!r ( "o col\r or ( geometric diap] 9 mosaic 7else:]e *>act]i/ic ( ! ,e>ly p]iod71 f9i%$ (f by a m or less arbitr>y l9e--a cusp$ ar*1 = in/ance--above :i* is :ite glass4 ,?is k9d ( canopy has1 by way ( exception1 an ar*itectural base4 ,illu/ration3 #bbg4 ,,*,,lons4 ,ano!r ,g]man practice is to fill ! w9d[ ) huge circul> subject m$allions1 occupy+ ! entire wid? ( ! w9d[1 & int]sect$ by ! mullions4 ,s+le-light w9d[s h sometimes a c5tral elongat$ m$allion or panel subject 7)\t canopy71 above & bel[ :i* is ornam5tal grisaille4 ,bord]s4--,all w9d[s h1 z a rule1 bord]s2 b !y are n>r[] ?an 9 ,e>ly "w4 ,trac]y lights1 :i* n[ =m a conspicu\s "p ( ! w9d[1 are1 z a rule1 also ea* sep>ately bord]$1 (t5 ) a /ill n>r[] bord] 9 col\r1 or x may be only a l9e ( col\r4 ,grisaille w9d[s h usually col\r$ bord]s1 foliag$ or h]aldic 7z above74 ,! bord] does n necess>ily frame ! light at its base2 v (t5 !re is an inscription !re4 ,betwe5 ! col\r$ bord] & ! /onework is /ill inv>iably a m>g9al l9e ( :ite glass4 ,illu/ration3 #bbh4 ,,e>ly ,,decorat$ ,,figure1 ,,troyes4 ,sometimes1 m especially 9 trac]y1 ?is :ite l9e is broad en\gh to h a patt]n pa9t$ ^u x1 9 :i* case !re is no col\r$ bord]4 ,or ?is :ite bord] l9e may be enri*$ at int]vals by rosettes or blocks ( col\r ^u x4 ,or1 aga91 x may be 9 "p t9t$ ) pale yell[ /a94 ,"s su* bord] is usually c>ri$ r\nd ea* sep>ate trac]y light1 ) ! result t ,decorat$ trac]y may usually be di/+ui%$ at a glance f lat] "w by a c]ta9 lack ( bread? ab\t x4 ,!re is no ne$ to say m ab\t ,decorat$ trac]y1 see+ t ! idea ( ?is epitome is to enable ! amateur to =m "s op9ion z to ! p]iod ( a w9d[1 & n to prompt ! design]4 ,! geometric "* ( ! /onework proclaims ! p]iod1 &1 unless !re is some?+ 9 ! design ( ! glass to indicate a lat] date1 x may be tak5 to belong to x4 ,x _c well be e>li] if x fits4 ,/a94--,yell[ /a9 is pro( positive t ! glass is n mu* e>li] ?an ! f\rte5? c5tury1 = x is only ab\t t "t t ! process ( /a9+ :ite glass yell[ 0 discov]$4 ,! occurr5ce !re=e ( :ite & col\r ^u ! same piece ( glass--i4e41 n glaz$ up ) x1 b /a9$ ^u x1 is indicative ( ,middle or ,late ,go?ic4 ,/a9$ yell[ is always pur] & cle>] ?an pot-metal2 :5 pale x incl9es to lemon1 :5 d>k to orange4 ,x is be/ describ$ z gold54 ,9 comp>ison ) x pot-metal yell[ is br[ni% or brassy4 ,?is yell[ /a9 w>ms & bright5s ,decorat$ w9d[s1 especially ^? 9 grisaille4 ,x naturally does away ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( glaz+1 = col\r is n[ n entirely mosaic4 ,b&s ( yell[ ornam5t 9 :ite w9d[s1 if /a9$1 h lead on "o side ( !m at mo/4 ,! hair ( angels comes to be /a9$ yell[ ^u :ite glass1 :i* t[>ds ! fifte5? c5tury takes ! place ( ! fle% t9t4 ,figures4--,figures are /ill r rudely drawn4 ,!y d n always fill out _! ni*es1 :i*1 inde$1 frequ5tly ov]p[] !m4 ,9 attitude !y pose & w\ld be graceful4 ,!re is "s sw+ ab\t _! po/ure1 b x is (t5 exagg]at$4 ,drap]y becomes m volum9\s1 full] & fre]1 z %[n opposite4 ,at ! back ( ! figure hangs commonly a scre5 diap]$ damask-fa%ion--! diap] (t5 pick$ out ( solid pa9t4 ,grisaille4--,! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ,decorat$ grisaille are fully describ$ 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) x4 ,x has usually a col\r$ bord]4 ,! foliat$ patt]n no long] foll[s ! l9es ( ! :ite or col\r$ /rapwork1 b x does n int]lace ) ! /raps 7pages #afc1 #ccc74 ,col\r$ bosses adorn ! c5tre ( ! grisaille panels4 ,frequ5tly ^! take ! =m ( h]aldic %ields1 plant$1 z x 71 ^u ! grisaille4 ,illu/ration3 #bbi4 ,s4 ,,ou51 ,,r\54 ,! practice ( cross-hat*+ ! backgr\nd to grisaille foliage dies out 9 ,france & ,engl&4 ,9 ,g]many x survives ?r\gh\t ! p]iod2 or1 x may be1 ! backgr\nd is coat$ ) solid pa9t1 & ! cross-hat*+ is 9 :ite l9es scrat*$ out ( t4 ,naturalism4--,! foliation ( ! ornam5t is n[ ev]y:]e naturali/ic4 ,t is ! sure/ sign ( ! p]iod1 at fir/ ! only sign ( *ange4 ,9 grisaille patt]ns & 9 col\r$ bord]s y c id5tify ! rose1 ! v9e1 ! oak1 ! ivy1 ! maple1 & s on 7pages #afb1 #aff1 #afh74 ,9 ,g]many1 ! design ( ornam5tal w9d[s consi/s (t5 ( naturali/ic foliage 9 :ite & col\r ^u a col\r$ gr\nd1 ! :ole ri*1 b n s ri* z ,e>ly glass 7pages #aga et seq474 ,!re also occur w9d[s /rong] 9 col\r ?an ord9>y grisaille1 design$ on l9es m geometric ?an ^? ( ,fr5* or ,engli% glass ( ! p]iod 7page #agj74 ,illu/ration3 #bcj4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,g]man4 ,col\r4--,glass gets less /reaky1 ev5]1 & sometimes light] 9 t9t1 z "t goes on4 ,fle% t9t gets pal] & p9k]1 & at la/ :ite2 :ite glass gets m ne>ly :ite4 ,mu* blue & ruby cont9ue to be us$2 b m gre5 is introduc$1 & m yell[1 (t5 ! two 9 comb9ation4 ,9 fact1 !re is a lean+ t[>ds comb9ations ( gre5 & yell[1 r ?an ! r$ & blue s *>act]i/ic ( ,e>ly glass4 ,gre5 is frequ5tly us$ = backgr\nds4 ,! pure bright em]ald-l gre5 gives way to gre5s incl9+ m to olive4 ,9 "s ,g]man w9d[s1 gre51 yell[1 & purple-br[n pr$om9ate4 ,occasionally1 9 ! latt] "p ( ! c5tury1 pale blue is modifi$ by yell[ /a9 ^u x1 :i* gives a gre5i% t9t4 ,pa9t+4--,outl9e is /ill us$2 b x becomes m delicate4 ,%ad+ is /ill sme>$ on ) a bru%4 ,b 9 ! latt] half ( ! c5tury x 0 ! practice to /ipple x1 s z to s(t5 ! edges & give x a granul> texture4 ,?is is n q ! same ?+ z ! /ipple or matt %ad+ describ$ on page #fd1 :]e ! glass 0 entirely coat$ ) a /ippl$ t9t & ! lights bru%$ out4 ,illu/ration3 #bca4 ,,wells4 ,decorat$ glass is pl5tiful 9 ,engl& & ,g]many1 n s abundant 9 ,france4 ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 ,p]p5dicul> ,glass4--,by ! fifte5? c5tury ! glass pa9t] _h q made up 8 m9d 9 fav\r ( m light4 ,he makes use ( glass 9 l>g] %eets1 & ( light] & bright] col\r4 ,8 :ite is especially pur] ?an be=e1 & he uses x 9 mu* great] quantities4 ,illu/ration3 #bcb4 ,,figures1 ,s4 ,,m>y',s1 ,,ross4 ,s decid$ly is ?is s1 t a typical fifte5? c5tury w9d[ /rikes y z a scre5 ( silv]y-:ite glass 9 :i* are set pictures or pat*es ( m or less brilliant1 r ?an int5sely deep1 col\r4 ,design4--,design takes1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! =m ( figure & canopy w9d[s1 s*em$ some:at on ! same l9es z 9 ! ,decorat$ p]iod--! subjects1 t is to say1 cross ! w9d[ 9 horizontal b&s4 ,b !re is s mu* :ite glass 9 ! canopy "w--x is practically all 9 :ite 7z /one7 t\*$ ) /a9 7z gild+7--& x s entirely surr\nds ! figure subjects1 t y d n s mu* notice ! horizontal b&s 7into :i* ! subjects really fall :5 y beg9 to dissect ! design7 z ! mass ( :ite 9 :i* !y are emb$d$4 ,illu/ration3 #bcc4 ,,p]p5dicul> ,,canopy4 ,canopies4--,! l>g] ,p]p5dicul> w9d[s are n[ cross$ by /one transoms1 s t v long lights d n1 z a rule1 occur4 ,ea* light has a canopy1 )\t any enclos+ bord] 7#bcc74 ,! canopy /&s1 z x 71 9 ! w9d[ op5+1 almo/ fill+ x1 except t1 above1 beh9d ! topmo/ p9nacles1 are glimpses ( r$ or blue backgr\nd1 n sep>at$ f ! /onework by s mu* z a l9e ( :ite1 h]et(ore ( almo/ inv>iable occurr5ce4 ,! hood & base ( canopy are %[n 9 misund]/ood p]spective1 indicat+ usually a ?ree-sid$ projection 7page #cdb74 ,its %afts & base re/ ^u ! gr\nd1 on :i* are pa9t$ grass & foliage1 all 9 :ite & /a94 ,:5 /&+ figures occupy ! place ( hon\r1 ! base may v likely include a small subject1 illu/rative ( a sc5e 9 ! life ( ! p]sonage depict$ above4 ,or ! base may be a sort ( p$e/al 7page #agi74 ,! figures usually /& ^u a *equ]$ mosaic pavem5t 9 black & :ite1 or :ite & /a91 n v conv9c+ly =e%ort5$ 7page #ahe74 ,9 ! canopy may be little w9d[s ( pot-metal col\r1 & 9 ! base p]haps a spot or two ( col\r2 b1 :atev] ! am\nt ( pot-metal 7nev] mu*7 or ( /a9 7(t5 a good deal71 ! effect is always silv]y-:ite2 & z "t goes on ! canopy becomes m solidly & massively :ite4 ,! gro9+ at ! back ( ! ni*e j above ! figures is a feature ( ! full-bl[n /yle4 ,! vault is usually /a9$1 less (t5 glaz$ 9 pot-metal4 ,!re is m scope = ?is col\r$ gro9+ 9 w9d[s :]e ! canopy runs ?r\gh sev]al lights4 ,t is m common 9 ,france & ,g]many ?an ) u4 ,9 ,engli% "w ea* light has1 z a rule1 its own canopy4 ,9 ,france1 & m especially 9 ,g]many1 ! canopies are n seldom 9 yell[ in/ead ( :ite1 gold5 9 effect in/ead ( silv]y4 ,sometimes :ite & yell[ canopies alt]nate 7,nuremb]g1 ,muni*74 ,! ,g]man canopy is (t5 m florid1 & less di/9ctly ar*itectural ?an ! ,engli%4 ,p]p5dicul> canopies are m 9 proportion to ! figures "u !m ?an ,decorat$4 ,usually !y are important en\gh to be a feature 9 ! w9d[1 if n ! feature4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 !y are q small & insignificant 7,ea/ w9d[1 ,york71 9 :i* ev5t ! subjects appe> m l a s]ies ( small panels1 "o above ! o!r4 ,9 t case !re is likely to be a l>ge am\nt ( :ite glass 9 ! subjects !mselves 7pages #beb1 #cci74 ,possibly ! backgr\nd is :ite4 ,9 any case1 !re is usually a fair %>e ( :ite glass 9 ! drap]y ( figures4 ,! faces also are almo/ inv>iably :ite1 (t5 ) /a9$ hair2 & ?is :ite fle% is *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod4 ,until ! turn ( ! c5tury1 l&scape or ar*itectural accessories are1 to a l>ge ext5t1 9 :ite & /a91 aga9/ a blue or ruby gr\nd4 ,v>iety ( col\r 9 ! backgr\nd 7or a fur!r am\nt ( :ite7 is introduc$ by means ( a scre5 ( damask beh9d ! figure1 %\ld] high1 above :i* alone appe>s ! usual blue or ruby backgr\nd1 diap]$4 ,! scre5 may be ( any col\r3 purple-br[n is n uncommon4 ,:5 scale p]mits1 ! damask patt]n is (t5 glaz$ 9 col\rs1 or 9 :ite & /a9 ^u pot-metal yell[4 ,illu/ration3 #bcd4 ,,figure ,,& ,,canopy ,,w9d[s1 ,,b\rges4 ,illu/ration3 #bce4 ,,fair=d4 ,h]aldic %ields are m conspicu\s ?an ev] 9 ! design4 ,donors & _! patron sa9ts are (t5 important p]sonages 9 ! =egr\nd ( ! picture4 ,trac]y4--,trac]y lights be+ n[ m ( ! same %ape z ! lights bel[1 ! glass is design$ on mu* ! same plan4 ,t is to say1 !y also conta9 little figures "u canopies4 ,^! are (t5 entirely1 or almo/ entirely1 9 :ite & /a91 only "h & !re a po9t ( col\r %[+ 9 ! backgr\nd1 m especially ab\t _! heads4 ,trefoil$1 quatrefoil$1 ?ree-sid$1 or o!r op5+s n adapt$ to canopy "w1 h usually foliat$ ornam5t 9 :ite & /a91 ) bord] l9e ( :ite & /a91 ! backgr\nd pa9t$ 9 solid br[n4 ,inscrib$ scrolls & emblematical devices 9 :ite & /a9 also occur 9 ! small] trac]y lights4 ,grisaille4--,grisaille takes almo/ inv>iably ! =m ( qu>ries4 ,! patt]n ( ! qu>ries consi/s ord9>ily ( j a rosette or "s su* spot 9 ! c5tre ( ! glass1 delicately outl9$ & fill$ 9 ) /a94 ,a b& ( canopi$ figures sometimes crosses qu>ry w9d[s1 ! p9nacles ( ! canopies break+ into ! qu>ries above4 ,figures occur also (t5 9 :ite & /a91 aga9/ a qu>ry gr\nd1 )\t canopy1 /&+ p]haps on a bracket1 or on a m]e label or inscription b& 7,york ,m9/]74 ,occasionally we get subjects altoge!r 9 :ite & /a91 )\t qu>ry glaz+4 ,9 ,g]many unpa9t$ r\ndels1 or circul> discs ( :ite glass1 take ! place ( qu>ries 7page #bib74 ,detail ( ,ornam5t4--,! detail ( ,p]p5dicul> foliage is no long] v naturali/ic2 x has (t5 ! appe>ance ( be+ emboss$ or o!rwise elaborat$4 ,x is mo/ commonly 9 :ite ) yell[ /alks4 ,bord]s4--,! bord] is no long] ! rule1 except 9 qu>ry w9d[s4 ,x is n[ v r>ely us$ to frame canopies4 ,:]e x occurs x is usually 9 ! =m ( a block bord]1 diff]+ only f t ( ! ,decorat$ p]iod by ! "* ( ! pa9t$ detail4 ,bord]s all 9 :ite & /a9 also occur4 ,! bord] does n foll[ ! deeply cut foils ( ! w9d[ head4 ,^! are occupi$ ea* by its sep>ate r\nd ( glass pa9t$ ) a cr[n1 />1 lion's head1 or o!r su* device1 9 :ite & /a91 aga9/ :i* ! col\r$ bord] /ops4 ,/a94--,abundant use ( beautiful gold5 /a9 is typical ( ! p]iod4 ,/a9 is always v>i$1 sometimes %ad+ (f by subtle degrees f pale/ lemon to deep orange4 ,! delib]ate use ( two di/9ct tones ( /a91 z sep>ate t9ts1 say ( a damask patt]n1 argues a ne> approa* to ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,s does ! use ( /a9 ^u pot-metal yell[4 ,o!r signs ( ! mature /yle are3-- #a4 ,! v c>eful *oice ( v>i$ & unev5ly col\r$ glass to sugge/ %ad+ or local col\r4 #b4 ,! use ( curi\s pieces ( accid5tally v>i$ ruby to repres5t m>ble1 & ! l4 #c4 ,! abrasion ( :ite spots or o!r patt]n on fla%$ blue 7! abrasion ( :ite f ruby beg9s ) ! second half ( ! c5tury74 #d4 ,! introduction ( di/ant l&scape 9 p]spective1 & especially ! repres5tation ( cl\ds 9 ! sky1 & o!r indications ( attempt$ atmosph]ic effect4 #e4 ,! treatm5t ( sev]al lights z "o picture space1 )\t canopy4 ,col\r4--,:ite glass is cool] & m silv]y1 m purely :ite4 ,r$ glass is less crimson1 (t5 approa*+ m to a sc>let col\r4 ,blue glass becomes light]1 grey]2 sometimes x is ( /eely quality1 sometimes x approa*es to pale purple4 ,m v>ieties ( purple-br[n & purple are us$4 ,pur] p9k occurs4 ,draw+4--,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! ar*aic p]iod ( draw+ is outgr[n4 ,figures are (t5 admirably drawn1 m especially t[>ds ! end ( ! p]iod1 at :i* "t ! folds ( drap]y are made mu* (4 ,pa9t+4--,pa9t+ is mu* m delicate4 ,! me?od adopt$ is t ( /ippl+ 7page #fd74 ,figure & ornam5t alike are c>efully %ad$1 qu>ry patt]ns & n>r[ pa9t$ bord]s except$4 ,illu/ration3 #bcf4 ,,scraps ,,( ,,late ,,go?ic ,,detail4 ,= a long :ile pa9t]s hesitat$ to obscure ! glass mu*2 !y %ad$ v delicately1 & us$ hat*+s1 & a sort ( scribble ( l9es1 to deep5 ! %ad[s4 ,z a result ! %ad+ appe>s sometimes weak1 b ! glass is always brilliant4 ,illu/ration3 #bcg4 ,,fair=d4 ,) ! progress ( ! c5tury /rong] /ipple %ad+ 0 us$2 m r\ndness & great] dep? ( %ad[ 0 ?us a*iev$1 at proportionate co/ ( silv]y :it5ess & brilliancy 9 ! glass4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( ! lat] te*nique 0 t x dep5d$ less ^u mosaic1 & m ^u pa9t4 ,leads 7 n us$ unless !y 7 con/ructionally unavoidable2 & x 0 s\ght to avoid !m4 ,! nimbus1 = example1 0 glaz$ 9 "o piece ) ! head 7page #ahi71 /a9$ p]haps1 or ) a patt]n 9 /a9 ^u x1 to di/+ui% x f ! face2 or x %[$ :ite aga9/ ! yell[ hair4 ,f ! lead l9es alone ( an ,e>ly w9d[1 & ( _m a ,decorat$ "o1 y c\ld read ! design q pla9ly4 ,! lat] ! p]iod ! less t is s4 ,by ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! lead l9es convey v (t5 little or no idea ( ! picture1 :i* !y hold toge!r b no long] outl9e4 ,canopies1 = example1 are sometimes lead$ 9 squ>e qu>ries1 )\t reg>d to ! draw+1 except :]e t mu/ be 7page #cdb74 ,a pretty sure sign ( p]iod is af=d$ by ! way ! leads give1 or d n give1 ! design4 ,exceptions are m5tion$ on page #gc4 ,:]e leads seem to occur m or less z x happ5s1 z ?\gh !y might h be5 an aft]-?\ght1 t is mo/ positive pro( ( ,late "w4 ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 ,r5aissance glass does n1 l ,go?ic1 divide itself into p]iods4 ,x 0 at its be/ :5 x 0 /ill 9 t\* ) m$ival tradition4 ,illu/ration3 #bch4 ,,fr5* ,,r5aissance1 ,,mosaic4 ,! f9e/ "w 9 ! new mann] mu/ be ascrib$ !re=e to ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,aft] t its m]its belong m to picture ?an to glass4 ,ap>t f details ( ar*itecture1 ornam5t 7z above71 co/ume & s on1 :i* at once proclaim ! /yle1 x is difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance glass ( ! v e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,! di/9ction does n 9 fact exi/2 = ,go?ic traditions survive ev5 9 "w belong+1 accord+ to ! evid5ce ( its detail1 to ! ,r5aissance4 ,design4--,design takes n[ ma9ly ! pictorial direction4 ,x spreads itself m inv>iably ov] ! :ole face ( ! w9d[4 ,! canopy1 = example1 is seldom conf9$ to a s+le light4 ,canopies4--,! canopy s*eme is at fir/ n widely remov$ f ,go?ic prec$5t1 al?\gh ! detail may be pron\nc$ly ,r5aissance4 ,x frames ! subject z be=e2 b x is less positively :ite4 ,x is enri*$ ) mu* m yell[ /a92 & ! mass ( :ite & /a9 is brok5 by fe/oons & wrea?s ( foliage1 fruit1 & fl[]s1 m$allions ) col\r$ gr\nd1 ribbons1 or o!r su* features1 9 pot-metal col\r4 ,a simple ,franois ,i] canopy is giv5 on page #cdi4 ,sometimes ^! canopies consi/ r ( arabesque ornam5t ?an ( any?+ t c prop]ly be call$ ar*itectural1 9 :ite & yell[ 7page #cej71 or p]haps all 9 yell[1 ^u a gr\nd ( pot-metal col\r 7page #bje72 t is to say1 ! sett+ out ( ! w9d[ & ! te*nique employ$ are absolutely ,go?ic1 & p]haps n ev5 v late ,go?ic1 :il/ ! detail is altoge!r ,r5aissance 9 design4 ,?is mosaic mann] 7z at ,au*7 bespeaks1 ( c\rse1 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,ano!r sure sign ( l+]+ ,go?ic influ5ce is :]e ! r\nd ar* is fr+$ ) cusp+4 ,! m typically ,r5aissance =m ( design is :]e a huge monum5tal /ructure fills ! great] "p ( ! w9d[1 n canopy+ a subject1 b hav+ 9 front ( x a figure gr\p 7,transept ( ,s4 ,gudule1 page #ga74 ,! =egr\nd figures /& out 9 d>k relief aga9/ ! ar*itecture & ! sky beyond1 se5 ?r\gh ! c5tral ar*4 ,into ?is grey-blue m]ges v (t5 a di/ant l&scape1 pa9t$ 9 great "p ^u ! blue1 & really seem+ to rec$e into ! di/ance4 ,! effect ( di/ance is l>gely obta9$ by contra/ ) ! /rong %ad[ ( ! s(fits & sides ( ! ar* se5 9 p]spective4 ,we h "h f\r *>act]i/ics ( ,r5aissance glass3-- #a4 ,! monum5tal canopy ) figures 9 front ( x4 #b4 ,/rong contra/ ( light & %ade4 #c4 ,fairly accurate p]spective 9 ! ar*itecture4 #d4 ,some?+ l atmosph]ic effect 9 ! l&scape1 :i* is pa9t$ m or less ^u ! sky4 ,:5 9 a canopy ! %ad[$ portions ( ! ar*itecture are glaz$ 9 deep-col\r$ glass 7purple1 z a rule71 & n d>k5$ by pa9t+1 x indicates ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury4 ,! canopy1 in/ead ( be+ ar*$1 ends sometimes 9 a ri* frieze & cornice 7,*ur* ( ,br\74 ,:5 x is 9 two /ages1 enclos+ two subjects1 ! l[] "o has naturally ?is horizontal entablature 7,*apel ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t1 ,s4 ,gudule74 ,a less usual treatm5t is :]e ! figures d n occupy ! =egr\nd1 b are se5 ?r\gh ! ar*4 ,! subject occupies1 9 fact1 v mu* ! position ( a pa9t$ alt>-piece 9 a c>v$ /one alt>4 ,=egr\nd figures prove (t5 to be donors & _! patron sa9ts4 ,! head ( ! w9d[ above ! great ar*itectural canopy1 z x is conv5i5t to call x1 is usually ( pla9 :ite glass1 glaz$ 9 rectangul> or diamond qu>ries 7page #ga74 ,a col\r$ gr\nd above a ,r5aissance canopy indicates ,go?ic tradition1 & an ,e>ly p]iod !re=e 7,s4 ,jacques1 ,lige74 ,m to ! latt] half ( ! c5tury belong ! pictorial compositions 9 :i* ar*itecture1 m or less prop] to ! subject1 fills great "p ( ! w9d[1 ! =emo/ ar*es adapt+ !mselves1 sometimes1 to ! /onework4 ,9 ?is case ! ar*itecture is 9 :ite glass1 m or less obscur$ by pa9t$ %ad[2 & pot-metal col\r occurs only 9 ! figures1 :]e x is p]haps q ri*1 9 occasional columns ( col\r$ m>ble1 & 9 a peep ( pale blue di/ance se5 ?r\gh "s w9d[ or o!r op5+ 7page #bac74 ,illu/ration3 #bci4 ,,fran,,ois ,,i] ,,canopy1 ,,lyons4 ,! grey-blue di/ance has (t5 figures z well z l&scape & ar*itecture pa9t$ ^u x2 to repres5t v]dure x is /a9$ gre54 ,blue is m usual ?an :ite z a gr\nd2 b t also occurs1 simil>ly pa9t$4 ,! n v usual l&scape 9 :ite1 ) a blue sky above1 9 ! w9d[s ( ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge1 belongs to ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury4 ,trac]y4--,9 small w9d[s ! subject1 or its canopy1 is (t5 c>ri$ up into ! trac]y lights 7page #cfh71 or ! ar*itecture ends abruptly & horizontally at ! spr++ ( ! ar*1 & ! heads ( ! lights are treat$ z "p ( ! trac]y4 ,trac]y lights (t5 conta9 figure subjects4 ,v commonly !y are occupi$ by figures ( angels rob$ 9 :ite & /a91 or 9 ri* col\r1 or ) col\r only 9 _! w+s1 play+ ^u musical in/rum5ts1 be>+ emblems1 scrolls1 & s on1 all on a col\r$ gr\nd 7page #bhj74 ,!re occur also1 b less frequ5tly1 *]ubic heads1 portrait m$allions1 badges1 twi/$ labels1 or o!r devices1 ^u a gr\nd ( ruby1 pale blue1 purple1 or purple-br[n4 ,a purple or purpli% backgr\nd is ( ! p]iod4 ,col\r$ gr\nds are us$ )\t bord]s4 ,:ite gr\nds are usually diap]$ ) cl\ds4 ,!re is no v di/9ctive treatm5t ( rose w9d[s4 ,!y are fill$ z pictorially z !y well c be4 ,!y conta91 p]haps1 a c5tral subject & 9 ! out] lights angels1 *]ubs1 & ! l1 mu* z 9 o!r trac]y lights4 ,ornam5t4--,! detail ( _! ornam5t is a ready means ( di/+ui%+ ,r5aissance w9d[s4 ,9 place ( ,go?ic leafage we h scrollwork ( ! m>k$ arabesque or grotesque "* d]iv$ f ,italy4 ,x ne$s no description4 ,scre5s & drap]ies h (t5 patt]ns 9 :ite & /a9 on ruby & o!r col\r$ gr\nds1 produc$ by abrad+ ! r$ & pa9t+ & /a9+ ! :ite ?us expos$4 ,! process may be detect$ by ! abs5ce ( int]v5+ lead betwe5 ! :ite or yell[ & ! deep gr\nd4 ,o!r damask patt]ns are /a9$ on ! col\r$ glass )\t abrasion1 yell[ on blue giv+ gre51 on purple olive1 & s on4 ,ornam5tal w9d[s sc>cely g beyond qu>ry "w1 ) a bord] ( :ite & /a94 ,except 9 qu>ry w9d[s1 bord]s are seldom us$4 ,grisaille w9d[s sc>cely occur4 ,! little subjects 9 :ite & /a9 pa9t$ ^u a s+le piece ( glass1 usually circul> & fram$ 9 qu>ries or 9 a c>t\*e set 9 pla9 glaz+ 7page #ceb71 belong to a class by !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 #bdj4 ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,pet]1 ,,cologne4 ,te*nique4--,9 _m respects ! te*nique ( ! ,r5aissance glass pa9t] is only a c>ry+ fur!r ( ! lat] ,go?ic means4 ,he uses m & m :ite glass1 employ+ x also z a backgr\nd2 he uses m %ades ( col\r$ glass1 especially pale blues1 gre5s1 & purples2 he *ooses 8 glass m c>efully = specific purposes2 he uses m coat$ glass1 & abrades x2 he makes great] use ( /a91 /a9+ ^u all mann] ( col\rs--ruby1 blue1 purple1 gre5--& ev5 pa9t+ 9 /a91 & pick+ out high lights ^u x 9 :ite4 ,he pa9ts delicate "w m delicately4 ,fle%-pa9t+ he c>ries to a v high po9t ( p]fection1 m especially 9 ! portraits ( ,donors4 ,9 /r5g!n+ 8 %ad[s he ev5tually gets !m muddy4 ,at fir/ he us$ to hat* !m to get additional /r5g?2 ev5tually he 0 n c>eful always s mu* z to /ipple !m4 ,he uses (t5 a w>m] br[n pigm5t = fle% pa9t+1 & by-&-by resorts to a q r$di% t9t by way ( local col\r2 he uses l>ge pieces ( glass :5 he c1 & glazes 8 backgr\nds & o!r l>ge surfaces 9 rectangul> panes4 ,above canopies he comes to use pure :ite glass1 z if to sugge/ t ! canopy is solid1 & beyond only atmosph]e4 ,! "o q new dep>ture 9 sixte5? c5tury te*nique 0 ! use ( enamel col\r 7see ,*apt] ,,viii474 ,t began to come into use t[>ds ! middle ( ! c5tury4 ,:5 y detect ! lea/ t\* ( enamel col\r 9 a w9d[1 o!r ?an ! p9ki% fle% t9t1 y may suspect t x belongs to ! second half ( ! c5tury2 :5 x s]i\sly affects ! design & col\r ( ! w9d[1 y may be sure x does4 ,b x is n until q ! end ( ! c5tury t mosaic any:]e practically gives way to enamel pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 #bda4 ,s4 ,,jean1 ,,troyes1 #afgh4 ,! sixte5? c5tury1 !re=e1 includes1 broadly speak+1 all t is be/ 9 ,r5aissance glass & mu* t is already on ! decl9e4 ,!re is a tide 9 ! affairs ( art2 & aft] ! full flood ( ! ,r5aissance1 sweep+ all be=e x1 glaz+ & glass pa9t+ sank to ! v l[e/ ebb1 out ( sight 9 fact ( craftsman%ip4 ,only "h & !re1 by way ( r>e exception1 0 good or int]e/+ "w any long] done1--z = example at ,troyes1 :]e good traditions1 pi\sly pres]v$ 9 a family ( exceptionally skilful glass pa9t]s1 7 foll[$ long aft] !y 7 else:]e ext9ct4 ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,y may recognise sev5te5? c5tury "w n s mu* by any new dep>ture 9 design 7except t x aims m & m at ! effect ( an oil picture1 & t ! portrait ( ! ,donor & 8 family con/itutes ! picture7 z by its dep>ture f ! old me?ods1 ! me?ods above describ$2 by ! introduction ( pure :ite glass1 glaz$ 9 geometric patt]n1 9 ! upp] half ( ! w9d[ or1 x may be1 z a backgr\nd2 by ! use ( enamel pa9t in/ead ( col\r$ glass2 by ! abuse ( heavy %ad+ 79 ! va9 attempt to get *i>oscuro71 & by a loss1 consequ5tly1 ( ! old transluc5cy & brilliancy2 by ! aggressiv5ess ( ! lead l9es 7n[ t x is s\ght to d z mu* z possible )\t !m72 by ! adoption ( ?9-col\r$ glass1 ton$ by pa9t1 in/ead ( deep pot-metal2 by ! occurr5ce ( :ole panes ( glass coat$ ) solid pa9t2 by ! decay ( ! enamel2 & by ! g5]al dilapidation ( ! w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 #bdb4 ,,c]tosa ,,9 ,,val ,d',,ema4 ,! unle>n$ mu/ n be misl$ by ! %abb9ess ( a w9d[1 by ! breakages1 ! disfigur+ leads :i* repres5t repair1 ! peel+ (f ( ! pa9t1 & s on1 into ! supposition t ^! are signs ( antiquity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! v me?od ( its mak+ 0 ! sav+ ( ,e>ly glass1 & ,late "w owes its vicissitudes l>gely to ! mi/ak5 process adopt$ 9 its execution1--by :i* y may "k x4 ,x w\ld be beyond ! scope ( a book ab\t glass to g m ?or\ghly into ! *>act]i/ics ( /yle g5]ally4 ,en\gh to indicate :at m especially conc]ns ! subject 9 h&4 ,)\t "s slight acqua9tance ) ! c\rse ( art1 x w p]haps be difficult to trace ! developm5t ( glass design4 ,hi/orical or antiqu>ian k ( any k9d w make x m easy4 ,n m]ely ! "* ( ornam5t or ar*itecture1 b ! details ( lett]+1 co/ume1 h]aldry1 give evid5ce 9 abundance to ^? :o c read x2 b x is ) art & craftsman%ip t we h "h to d4 ,! data giv5 9 ?is *apt] & ?r\gh\t are d]iv$ f ! /udy ( old "w4 ,w9/on & o!r au?orities h be5 ref]r$ to only to corroborate impressions ga9$ by p]sonal exp]i5ce1--! exp]i5ce only ( a design]1 a workman1 a lov] ( glass1 pr(ess+ to no m le>n+ ?an a /ud5t mu/ 9 ! c\rse ( /udy acquire4 ,nev]!less ^! few notes on :at is *>act]i/ic 9 design & workman%ip1 may1 x is hop$1 be helpful to arti/s1 craftsm51 /ud5ts1 & lov]s ( art1 & p]haps suffici5t = _! guidance4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,/yle ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,glass 7,a ,,po/script74 ,x is easy1 & x is only too common a ?+1 = ! design] to dep5d = inspiration ov] mu* ^u old "w2 b until he kn[s :at has be5 done he is n fully equipp$ = 8 trade4 ,moreov]1 a workman skill$ only 9 8 craft may be prolific 9 good "w3 "o1 on ! o!r h&1 le>n$ only 9 ar*ology1 is1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 /]ile4 ,he may "k z mu* ab\t old glass z ,w9/on1 & fail z utt]ly ev5 to direct design a-"r z he did at ,glasg[4 ,! ,muni* w9d[s !re are gl>+ evid5ce z to :at a le>n$ antiqu>y & devot$ glass-lov] c c\nt5ance4 ,too surely ! fire ( ar*ological zeal w>ps a man's arti/ic judgm5t4 ,:at1 !n1 ab\t hi/oric /yle8 ,are we to disreg>d x 9 our "w8 ,t "q may be answ]$ by ano!r3 ,:at ab\t old "w8 ,old "w1 x is argu$1 %\ld be our guide4 ,well1 old "w prea*es no adh]5ce to pa/ /yles4 ,x w5t its own way1 9 delightful unconsci\sness t ! notion c\ld ev] occur to any "o delib]ately to g back to a mann] long s9ce out ( vogue2 & :5 ! idea ( a ,r5aissance did occur to ! arti/1 he v soon made x some?+ q diff]5t f ! ?+ he set out to revive--if ev] t 0 8 delib]ate int5tion4 ,x is too lightly assum$ t ! /yles are !re1 ready made = u1 & t all we h to d is to make our *oice betwe5 !m1 & take ! ne>e/ to a fit we c f9d4 ,s _m ( u only le>n to copy1 :]eas ! :ole use ( copy+ is to le>n4 ,arti/s /udy /yle = in=mation1 n au?ority4 ,! tru? is1 no /yle ( old glass is fa%ion$ to our use4 ,e>ly ,go?ic glass has mo/ to tea* u ) reg>d to ! mosaic treatm5t ( ! mat]ial1 & p]haps also ab\t bread? & simplicity ( design2 b :5 x comes to figure draw+ & pa9t+1 "h is surely no model = a n9ete5? c5tury draughtsman4 ,r5aissance "w has mo/ to tea* 9 ! way ( pa9t+ & pictorial treatm5t2 b x is n an exempl> ( workmanlike & consid]ate h&l+ ( glass4 ,because ,e>ly "w 0 badly drawn1 because ,decorat$ 0 ill-proportion$1 because ,p]p5dicul> 0 en%r9$ 9 /one-sugge/+ canopy "w1 because ,r5aissance 0 apt to dep5d too mu* ^u f9i%1 because sev5te5? c5tury "w 0 ov]burd5$ ) pa9t2 mu/ a man1 !re=e1 accord+ to ! /yle ( ! build+ = :i* 8 "w is de/9$1 make x rude1 misproportion$1 /onelike1 ultra-f9i%$1 or ov]-pa9t$8 ,x happ5s t ,e>ly figure "w 9 glass 0 mo/ly 9 deep ri* col\r4 ,are we to h no figures1 !re=e1 9 grisaille8 ,x happ5s t lat] glass 01 at its be/1 delicate & silv]y 9 effect4 ,are we1 !re=e1 to h no ri* w9d[s any m8 ,?irte5? c5tury pictures 7 dim9utive 9 scale4 ,are we to h no l>g] pictures ev]8 ,sixte5? c5tury subjects spread !mselves ov] ! :ole w9d[4 ,are we nev] to frame our glass pictures8 ,& z to t frame1 are we to *oose once & = all ! ornam5tal details ( ?is p]iod or t1 or ! =mula ( design adopt$ at a giv5 "t8 ,:e!r 9 ! matt] ( te*nique or treatm5t1 ( col\r or design1 no "o /yle ( old glass is en\gh = u4 ,:at does an hi/oric /yle mean8 ,p>tly x means t dur+ su* & su* ye>s su* & su* =ms 7 9 fa%ion2 p>tly x means t by t "t te*nique _h rea*$ su* & su* a po9t1 & no fur!r4 ,mu/ we re/ !re8 ,if at a c]ta9 p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( design ! scope ( ! glass pa9t] 0 limit$1 8 art rude1 %all we limit ourselves 9 a l mann]8 ,if at ano!r x 0 debas$1 ought we to degrade our design1 j because ! build+ into :i* our "w is to g is ( t date1 or pret5ds to be8 ,x 0 ! m]e/ accid5t t 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury draw+ 0 /iff & design m d[nright ?an ref9$1 t ! appliances ( ! glazi] 7 simple1 & ! te*nique ( ! pa9t] imp]fect4 ,x 0 an accid5t t silv] /a9 0 n discov]$ until t[>ds ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 t ! idea ( abrad+ col\r-coat$ glass did n occur to any "o until ne>ly a c5tury lat]1 t ! use ( ! glass-cutt]'s diamond is a comp>atively mod]n inv5tion1 & s on4 ,out ( ! v sc>city ( ! craftsman's means good came2 & !re is a v necess>y lesson to u 9 t2 b to ?r[ away :at new] & m p]fect means we h 7all 8 k is ours1 if we w7 is %e] p]v]sity4 ,to affect a /yle is practically to adopt ! faults & follies ( ! p]iod4 ,if y are b5t ^u mak+ y\r glass look l sixte5? c5tury "w1 y glaze x 9 squ>es1 & introduce enamel4 ,to treat x mosaically w\ld be n to make x *>act]i/ic en\gh ( ! p]iod = y\r p$ant1 not)/&+ t sixte5? c5tury glass 01 by exception1 treat$ 9 a glazi]-l fa%ion4 ,%\ld "o1 !n1 x may be ask$1 take ! exception = model8 ,! answ] to t is3 take ! be/1 & only ! be/4 ,x is no conc]n ( ! arti/ :e!r x be exceptional or ( e-day occurr5ce2 "s k9ds ( excell5ce c nev] be common4 ,is x good8 ,t is ! "q he has to ask himself4 ,) reg>d to ! use ( ! =ms peculi> to a /yle--,go?ic ,trac]y or ,r5aissance ,arabesque--t is v mu* a "q ( a man's temp]am5t4 ,has he any sympa?y ) !m8 ,does t seem to him ! ?+ wor? do+8 ,if 8 p]sonal bias be t way1 :o %all say him nay8 ,assume ev5 t ! conditions ( ! case dem& ,decorat$ or ,italian detail1 x does n foll[ t !y dem& precisely ! treatm5t ( su* detail f\nd 9 ! f\rte5? or ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! /yle ( a build+ is n to be ignor$4 ,to put1 n[adays1 9 a ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury *ur* w9d[s 9 ! /yle ( ! fifte5? or sixte5? w\ld be absurd2 to put 9 a fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury *ur* w9d[s 9 ! /yle ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5?1 m fooli% /ill4 ,b x does n foll[ t 9 a *ur* ( any giv5 c5tury1 ! mod]n w9d[s %\ld be z ne>ly z possible :at w\ld h be5 done 9 t c5tury4 ,no man 9 8 s5ses1 no arti/ at all ev5ts1 ev] d5i$ t ! design] ( a /a9$ glass w9d[ mu/ take into consid]ation ! ar*itecture ( ! build+ ( :i* 8 "w is to =m "p4 ,! only possible "q is z to :at consid]ation may be due to x4 ,! ar*ologi/ 7& p]haps sometimes ! ar*itect7 claims too mu*4 ,c]ta9ly he claims too mu* :5 he pret5ds t ! design] ( a w9d[ %\ld conf9e himself to ! imitation ( :at has already be5 done 9 glass belong+ to ! p]iod ( ! build+1 or ( ! p]iod :i* ! build+ affects4 ,:y %\ld ! mod]n design] submit to be %ackl$ by obsolete traditions8 ,:at is 8 s9 aga9/ art1 t he %\ld d ?is dre>y p5ance1 impos$ by ar*itectural or ecclesia/ical au?ority8 ,& :at good is to come ( x8 ,! un=tunate design] ( mod]n glass is ask$ to con=m bo? to ! te*nique & to ! design ( glass su* z 0 execut$ at ! p]iod to :i* belongs ! build+ :]e 8 glass is to g1 no matt] h[ inadequate ! "o or ! o!r1 or bo?1 may be4 ,s f> z te*nique is conc]n$1 x c sc>cely be que/ion$ t ! only rational ?+ to d1 is to d ! be/ t c be done "u ! circum/ances4 ,t is equally ! ?+ to aim at 9 design1 simply "o's level be/4 ,x seems /range t !re %\ld be two op9ions on ! subject4 ,a build+ ( "s c5turies pa/ 7or 9 t /yle7 is to be fill$ ) n9ete5? c5tury glass4 ,*oose y\r arti/3 a man ^: "w has some?+ 9 common ) ! s5tim5t ( ! p]iod ( ! build+1 a man ) education en\gh to appreciate ! ar*itecture & :at x implies1 ) mode/y en\gh to ?9k ( ! decorative purpose ( 8 "w & n only ( 8 clev]ness2 let su* a man express himself 9 8 own way1 controll$ only by ! conditions ( ! case2 & !re w\ld be little likelihood t 8 "w w\ld1 9 ! result1 %ock ei!r ! feel+s or ! ta/e ( any b a p$ant--& if art is to con=m to ! ta/e ( ! p$ant1 well1 x is "t ! arti/ %ut up %op4 ,:y w m5 ( le>n+ & rese>* disc\nt1 nay1 wipe out1 ! debt art owes to !m1 by claim+ :at is n _! due8 ,ev5 ?\gh x 7 necess>y or desirable t we %\ld re/rict ourselves to :at might h be5 done 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury or 9 ! sixte5?1 t w\ld n argue t we mu/ d only :at 0 done4 ,surely we may be all[$ to d :at ! m5 ( ^? days might conceivably h done _h !y possess$ our exp]i5ce4 ,surely we ne$ n g = inspiration to ! glass ( a p]iod :5 glass 0 admitt$ly ill-und]/ood1 inadequate1 poor1 bad4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ! ?irte5? c5tury workm5 did n realise all t might be done 9 pa9t$ glass1 q c]ta9 t ^? ( ! sev5te5? did n appreciate :at might be done 9 mosaic glass4 ,x w\ld be %e] folly to pa9t no bett] ?an a ?irte5? c5tury glazi]1 because our w9d[ 0 de/9$ = ,salisbury ,ca!dral1 to make no m use ( ! quality inh]5t 9 glass ?an 0 made by a pa9t] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 because x 0 design$ = ,/4 ,paul's4 ,^? :o are really famili> ) old "w "k t1 ev5 9 p]iods ( decl9e1 "w 0 sometimes done :i* %[$ no fall+ away f good tradition4 ,y may f9d ,r5aissance glass almo/ z mosaic 9 treatm5t z ?irte5? c5tury "w4 ,b because t 0 comp>atively r>e1 because ! av]age "w ( ! p]iod 0 mu* less satisfactorily treat$1 mod]n ,r5aissance mu/1 x is absurdly assum$1 be on ! same unsatisfactory l9es4 ,suppose we want mod]n ,italian ,r5aissance1 &1 fur!r1 t we wi% n only to reta9 ! "* ( ,r5aissance detail b to get good glass1 suppose also t we d n want =g]y1--! ?+ to d w\ld be1 to inspire oneself at ! v be/ s\rces ( ,italian ornam5t--c>v+1 inlay1 goldsmi?'s "w1 embroid]y1 no matt] :at 7ornam5t is specifically m5tion$ because x is 9 ornam5t t ! tyranny ( /yle is mo/ sev]ely ex]cis$71 & to translate ! =ms !nce borr[$ into ! be/ glass we c d4 ,t1 ( c\rse1 is n q s easy z appropriation1 :olesale2 x implies rese>*1 judgm5t1 a ?or\gh k ( glass2 b x w\ld c]ta9ly lead1 9 capable h&s1 to nobl] "w1 & "w :i* might yet be 9 ! ,italian _s4 ,! dang] is t x w\ld cla%1 n ) ,r5aissance feel+1 b ) preconceiv$ ideas z to :at %\ld be4 ,our affectations ( old /yle w\ld be mu* m really l old "w if !y pret5d$ less to be l x4 ,_h ! old m5 liv$ n[adays !y w\ld c]ta9ly h done diff]5tly f :at !y did4 ,an arti/ 9 glass _c safely neglect to /udy old "w1 m especially 9 s f> z x be>s ^u mod]n practice4 ,x is = him to realise1 = example1 :at arti/ic good !re 0 9 e>ly ar*aic design1 :at qualities ( col\r & s on came ( mosaic treatm5t1 :at delicacy is due to ! lib]ty ( ! lat] ,go?ic glass pa9t]1 :at fre% *>m !re 0 9 ! m pictorial mann] ( ! ,c9que-,c5to1 & at :at co/ 0 ?is b\ght4 ,que/ions su* z ^! are mu* m to ! po9t ?an consid]ations ( ! date at :i* "s new dep>ture may h be5 made4 ,! sev]al sy/ems on :i* a w9d[ design 0 set out1 ! v>i\s me?ods ( execution--mosaic & pa9t1 pot-metal & enamel1 sme>-%ad+ & /ipple1 cross-hat*+ & ne$le po9t1 matt+ & diap]+1 /a9+ & abrad+--all ^! ?+s he has to /udy1 n z indices ( p]iod1 b t he may realise ! intr9sic use & value ( ea*1 t he may d$uce f anci5t practice & p]sonal exp]i5ce a me?od ( 8 own4 ,d\btful & curi\s po9ts conc]n ! antiqu>y n ! arti/4 ,he _h be/ keep to ! broad highway ( craftsman%ip1 n w&] (f into ! byeways ( ar*ology4 ,typical examples conc]n him m ?an r>e specim5s--examples :i* m>k a /age 9 ! progress ( art1 & ab\t :i* !re is no possibility ( le>n$ dispute4 ,he wants to "k :at has be5 done 9 ord] to judge :at may be done1 & especially he wants to "k ! be/ t has be5 done4 ,! problem is h[ to produce ! be/ glass we c 9 h>mony ) ! ar*itecture to :i* x belongs1 b )\t especial reg>d to :at happ5s to h be5 done dur+ ! p]iod to :i* ! ar*itecture ( ! build+ belongs4 ,we may ev5 inspire ourselves at ! s\rces ( sixte5? c5tury ,italian art1 & yet 9 no wise foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! glass pa9t]s ( ! p]iod1 :o 7 m or less (f ! track2 we may set ourselves to d1 n :at !y did 7glass 0 n _! /rong po9t71 b :at !y might h done4 ,!re1 if y l1 is an ideal wor?y ( ! be/ ( u4 ,if we pret5d to be craftsm5 we mu/ d our "w 9 ! be/ way we "k4 ,if we are m51 let u at lea/ be ourselves4 ,let u "w 9 ! mann] natural to u4 ,if we und]take to decorate a build+ ) a /yle ( its own1 let u ackn[l$ge our obligation to x2 let u be influ5c$ by x s f> z to make our "w h>moni\s ) x--h>moni\s1 t is to say1 9 ! eyes ( an arti/1 n necess>ily ( a savant4 ,evid5ce ( mod]nity is no s91 b a m]it1 9 mod]n "w4 ,to see h[ a man adapt$ 8 design to circum/ances n ^? ( 8 own day1 gives int]e/ to "w4 ,we nev] w&] s wide ( ! old m$ival _s z :5 we pret5d to be m$ival or play at ,go?ic4 ,true /yle1 z craftsm5 "k1 consi/s 9 ! "* :i* comes ( accept+ q frankly ! conditions inh]5t 9 our "w4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,jesse ,,w9d[s4 ,! subjects depict$ 9 /a9$ glass tell ! /ory ( ! ,*ur*1 or prea* its doctr9e4 ,sc5es f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 f ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 f ! leg5ds ( ! ,sa9ts1 & s on1 recur f ! e>lie/ ,go?ic times1 & ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,^! pictures accommodate !mselves to ! curr5t plans ( design1 or ! plan ( design is *os5 to suit !m1 z ! case may be4 ,!re is "o subject1 h[ev]1 occurr+ f ! fir/ 9 glass1 :i* does n fall into any ( ! usual s*emes ( design1 & :i*1 9 fact1 diff]s s entirely f any ( !m1 t x =ms a class ( design ap>t4 ,! subject1 9 fact1 by way ( exception to ! rule1 n m]ely affects b det]m9es ! decorative =m ( ! w9d[4 ,?is subject is ! ,desc5t ( ,*ri/--9 %ort1 ! g5ealogical tree ( ! ,savi\r2 & ! w9d[ devot$ to its del9eation is call$ a ,jesse w9d[4 ,mu* fre] & m v>i$ scope = composition 0 (f]$ by ?is piece ( *ur* h]aldry ?an ! ord9>y m$allion or figure & canopy w9d[ af=d$1 & ! glazi] turn$ x e>ly to exce$+ly decorative use4 ,! tree is %[n issu+1 z x 71 f ! lo9s ( ,jesse4 ,x be>s 8 desc5dants1 or r a v arbitr>y selection ( !m 7x is z well n to inquire too /rictly z to _! legitimate "r to be !re71 end+ 9 ! ,virg9 & ! ,savi\r4 ,! e>lie/ arrangem5t ( a ,jesse w9d[ is z foll[s3 at ! base is ! recumb5t figure ( ,jesse2 ! /raight /em ( ! tree1 proce$+ f him1 is almo/ entirely hidd5 by a /r+ ( figures1 "o above ! o!r1 occupy+ ! c5tre "p ( ! w9d[1 & repres5t$1 = ! mo/ "p1 z ,k+s2 above !m is ! ,virg91 also cr[n$2 & 9 ! ar* ( ! w9d[ sits our ,"l 9 ,maje/y1 surr\nd$ by sev5 doves1 to signify ! gifts ( ! ,_s4 ,x is n p]haps q cle> ^u :at ^! figures sit4 ,!y hold on ) bo? h&s to bran*es ( highly conv5tional ,romanesque foliage1 spr++ f ! ma9 /em1 & occupy+ ! space ab\t ! figures 9 v ornam5tal fa%ion4 ,a s]ies ( half m$allions on ea* side ( ?is c5tral design conta9 little figures ( att5dant prophets--9 a s5se1 ! spiritual ance/ors ( ! ,savi\r4 ,all ?is is 9 ! deepe/ & ri*e/ mosaic col\r1 z 9 ! beautiful blui% ,jesse w9d[ at ! ,we/ end ( ! ca!dral at ,*>tres1 :i* belongs to ab\t ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,v mu* ! same k9d ( ?+ occurs at ,le ,mans & else:]e4 ,lat] ! tree m (t5 bran*$ out into loops1 =m+ oval or vesical-%ap$ spaces1 9 :i* ! figures sat1 z may be se5 on page #cfb4 ,! gr\nd ( ! w9d[ is 9 t case blue1 ! backgr\nd ( ! figure ruby4 ,_h x be5 r$ ! figures w\ld probably h be5 ^u blue4 ,?is p>ticul> in/ance1 by ! way1 is said to be ( ! twelf? c5tury1 al?\gh ! ornam5t has m ! "* ( ?irte5? c5tury "w4 ,y see also ! doves ref]r$ to encircl+ ! figure sitt+ 9 ,maje/y1 & ! figures att5dant ^u ! ,virg94 ,sometimes ^! are prophets1 sometimes angels2 sometimes !y /& 9 little canopy ni*es1 sometimes !y are 9 ! mid/ ( ! foliage4 ,! fragm5t f ,salisbury on page #aag =m$ mo/ probably "p ( a ,jesse w9d[4 ,! symbolic doves h (t5 ea* a nimbus4 ,a s+le dove repres5ts1 ( c\rse1 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,a r sugge/ive v>iation ^u ! or?odox ,e>ly s*eme occurs 9 a w9d[ at ,c>cassonne4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree lights is bord]$ ) a r geometric patt]n4 ,)9 ! bord] ! c5tral light is design$ mu* on ! usual l9es3 ,jesse recumb5t bel[1 & above ! figures ( ,k+s1 sitt+ ea* 9 8 own little vesical-%ap$ space =m$ by ! gr[? ( ! tree4 ,9 ! sidelights1 h[ev]1 ! ,prophets are provid$ ) ! v simple/ canopies1 "o above ! o!r4 ,an int]e/+ arrangem5t is to be f\nd 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! ca!dral at ,t\rs1 :]e ! c5tral light ( a w9d[ has a ,tree ( ,jesse1 ) ! usual oval comp>tm5ts1 correspond+ ) hexagon-%ap$ m$allions 9 ! two sidelights1 9 :i* are depict$ sc5es presumably appropriate to ! subject2 x is difficult to make !m out ) any c]ta9ty4 ,illu/ration3 #bdc4 ,,"p ,,( ,,e>ly ,,jesse ,,w9d[1 ,,mus,e ,,des ,,arts ,d,,coratifs1 ,,p>is4 ,occasionally :at seems at fir/ sight a m$allion w9d[ resolves itself1 z at ,s4 ,kunib]t1 ,cologne1 into a k9d ( g5ealogical tree1 enclos+ subjects illu/rative ( ! desc5t ( ,*ri/4 ,! r unusual comb9ation ( m$allion & v9e %[n bel[1 also ,g]man1 is ( r lat] date4 ,illu/ration3 #bdd4 ,,freiburg4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ! tree naturally becomes a v9e1 usually 9 col\r ^u a blue or ruby gr\nd1 ext5d+ beyond ! limits ( a s+le light1 & cross+ n only ! mullions1 b ! bord]s 7:i*1 by ! way1 (t5 confuse ! effect ( a ,decorat$ ,jesse w9d[74 ,! v9e ext5ds also v (t5 into ! trac]y1 :]e sits ! ,virg9 ) ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,! figure ( our ,"l is always1 ( c\rse1 ! topmo/ feature ( ! tree--9 ! arms ( ! ,virg91 9 ! lap ( ! ,fa!r1 or sitt+ 9 ,maje/y4 ,a v>iation ^u ord9>y practice occurs :]e ! ,fa!r supports a crucifix4 ,! figure ( ,jesse naturally1 z at ,%rewsbury 7page #bda71 ext5ds across sev]al lights4 ,occasionally a figure & canopy w9d[ proves to be also a ,jesse w9d[--a v9e1 t is to say1 w9ds ab\t ! figures1 & connects !m ) ! figure ( ,jesse2 b ?is comb9ation ( canopy "w ) tree "w 7z at ,wells1 "s ( ! detail ( :i* is giv5 ov]leaf7 is confus$ & confus+4 ,a mu* happi] comb9ation ( figures "u canopies ) tree "w occurs 9 a sixte5? c5tury w9d[ at ,s4 ,god>d1 ,r\51 :i* has at ! base a s]ies ( five figures1 above :om spreads ! tree1 its roots appe>+ above ! head ( ! c5tral "o1 :o proves to be ,jesse4 ,by ! fifte5? c5tury ! v9e is r m conv5tionally treat$4 ,x is usually 9 :ite & /a9 ^u a col\r$ gr\nd1 or1 if ! leaves are gre51 ! /ems are :ite & /a94 ,! figures also h m :ite 9 _! drap]y4 ,9 ! e>li] "p ( ! c5tury ! ma9 /em bran*es v (t5 9 an angul> mann] s z to =m six-sid$ b[]s = ! figures1 fram+ !m1 p]haps1 9 a diff]5t col\r f ! g5]al gr\ndwork ( ! w9d[4 ,or ! v>i\s lights ( ! w9d[ may h alt]nately a blue & a ruby gr\nd4 ,x is r>ely t two figures are %[n 9 ! wid? ( a s+le light1 ei!r 9 sep>ate comp>tm5ts or gr\p$ 9 "o4 ,illu/ration3 #bde4 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,jesse ,,w9d[1 ,,wells4 ,lat] ! tree1 (t5e/ 9 :ite & /a91 bran*es m freely1 n twi/+ itself any long] into set %apes or obvi\s comp>tm5ts4 ,! figures are1 z x 71 p]*$ among/ its bran*es4 ,9 ,fr5* & ,g]man "w ! tree1 t[>ds ! sixte5? c5tury1 is n s necess>ily a v9e4 ,x may take ! =m m ( scrollwork1 :ite or yell[1 & ! p]sonages 9 its mid/ may be only demi-figures1 issu+ possibly f vase-l fl[]s or fl[]-l ornam5t4 ,t is s 9 a rem>kably f9e w9d[ 9 ! cl]e/ory ( ! ca!dral at ,troyes 7?ree lights ( :i* are %[n on page #cff71 :]e ! figures no long] occupy ! c5tre ( ! lights1 b are scatt]$ ab\t f side to side1 balanc$ 9 a v satisfactory way by _! names writ l>ge ^u ! backgr\nd4 ,?is *>act]i/ic lett]+ gives n only int]e/+ masses ( :ite or yell[ on ! ruby gr\nd1 b horizontal l9es ( great value to ! composition4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( ! w9d[ a sep>ate scre5 ( ri*e/ yell[ m>ks (f ! figure ( ,jesse1 & at ! same "t di/+ui%es ! ,donors1 toge!r ) _! family & _! armorial be>+s1 f ! m]ely scriptural "p ( ! design4 ,9 e>li] w9d[s1 x %\ld h be5 /at$1 prom95ce is sometimes giv5 to ! really m important p]sonages by draw+ !m to a mu* l>g] scale1 or by %[+ !m full-l5g? :5 ! o!rs are only half-l5g?1 or by drap+ !m all 9 :ite & /a91 :il/ ! re/ are 9 col\rs n s /rongly reliev$ aga9/ ! gr\nd4 ,!re are two o!r r unusual ,jesse w9d[s at ,troyes1 bo? ( ,late ,go?ic p]iod4 ,! "o is at ,s4 ,nizi]3 !re ! foliage is s r>e z to give ! effect almo/ ( a leafless scroll4 ,! o!r is at ,s4 ,ni*olas3 !re ! tree gr[s ?r\gh into ! trac]y1 :]e x appe>s no long]1 z 9 ! lights bel[1 ^u a deep blue gr\nd1 b ^u yell[1 ! radiance1 z x proves1 f ! gr\p ( ! ,tr9ity1 into :i* ! tree ev5tually blossoms4 ,illu/ration3 #bdf4 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,jesse ,,w9d[1 ,,ca!dral1 ,,troyes1 #adii4 ,q "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ,jesse trees t exi/ is 9 a ,late ,go?ic w9d[ at ,al5on4 ,x is unusual1 probably unique 9 design4 ,! figures1 ) ! exception ( ,jesse1 are conf9$ to ! upp] lights & trac]y1 =m+ a d\ble r[ t[>ds ! top ( ! w9d[4 ,?is leaves a l>ge am\nt ( space = ! tree1 a f9e1 fat1 ,go?ic scroll1 foliat$ m aft] ! mann] ( oak ?an acan?us leaves1 all 9 ri* gre5s 7yell[i%1 apple1 em]ald-l7 on a greyi%-blue gr\nd4 ,x =ms a spl5did pat* ( cool col\r1 contra/+ 9 ! mo/ beautiful way ) ! figures1 drap$ mo/ly 9 purple1 r$1 & yell[4 ,! figures issue f great fl[]-l features z big z ! wid? ( ! light all[s1 mo/ly ( r$1 or purple1 or :ite1 ) a calyx 9 gre54 ,! ,virg9 issues f a :ite fl[] sugge/ive ( ! lily4 ,9 ! w9d[ %[n on page #cfh ! tree blossoms also into a topmo/ lily support+ ! ,madonna4 ,a *>act]i/ic feature ab\t ! ,al5on w9d[ is1 ! abs5ce ( symmetry 9 its s*eme4 ,( ! eight lights :i* g to make up its wid?1 only ?ree are devot$1 bel[ ! spr++ ( ! great ar* ov] x1 to ! ,jesse tree4 ,?ree o!rs conta9 a repres5tation ( ! dea? ( ! ,virg91 "u a sep>ate canopy1 & 9 ! two out]mo/ lights are sep>ate subjects on a small] scale4 ,?is k9d ( ecc5tricity ( composition is by no means unusual4 ,a ,jesse w9d[ v (t5 occupies only "o half or "o qu>t] ( a l>ge ,late ,go?ic w9d[4 ,& ! /range ?+ is t ! effect is inv>iably satisfactory1 (t5 delightful4 ,y d n miss ! symmetry1 b enjoy ! accid5tal v>iety ( col\r4 ,9 sixte5? c5tury "w1 & ev5 be=e t1 y meet ) w9d[s 9 :i* figures are 9 col\rs ^u a :ite gr\nd4 ,9 t case ! tree is usually pa9t$ ^u ! :ite & /a9$4 ,s x 0 9 ! beautiful ,flemi% w9d[1 p>ts ( :i* are n[ disp]s$ ov] ! ,ea/ w9d[s ( ,s4 ,george's1 ,hanov] ,squ>e1 calculat$1 !re1 r to my/ify ! /ud5t ( design4 ,9 x ! grapes1 x w be se5 7page #baf71 are glaz$ 9 purple pot-metal col\r4 ,9 ! pres5t condition ( ! w9d[1 n[ t ! enamel-br[n has p>tly peel$ (f1 ! grape bun*es sc>cely seem to belong to ! r gho/ly v9e beh9d !m4 ,t is a mis=tune :i* n uncommonly happ5s :]e reliance has be5 plac$ ^u delicate pa9t+2 b = all t ?is is noble glass1 & ! figures1 z 0 also n uncommon at ! p]iod1 are design$ ) great dignity4 ,illu/ration3 #bdg4 ,,jesse ,,w9d[1 ,,beauvais4 ,!re is di/9ction1 aga91 9 ! draw+ ( ! figures 9 ! ,jesse at ,s4 ,eti5ne1 ,beauvais1 %[n on page #cfh4 ,t is a spl5did specim5 ( *>act]i/ically ,r5aissance "w4 ,jesse is hon\r$ by a ri* canopy ( :ite & /a91 :i* all[s ( a deep purple backgr\nd sep>at+ him f 8 desc5dants4 ,^! appe> z demi-figures1 v ri*ly rob$1 9 /rong relief aga9/ a pale purpli%-blue gr\nd ( ! atmosph]ic quality peculi> to ! p]iod4 ,! vase-%ap$ fl[]s :5ce !y issue are also 9 ri* col\r1 d>k aga9/ ! gr\nd1 z are ! v>iegat$ fruits & gre5 leaves ( ! tree1 b its bran*es are ( silv]y-:ite1 sugge/+ ( bir*-b>k4 ,?is tree-trunk is altoge!r too reali/ically treat$ = ! ornam5tal leafage & /ill m arbitr>y fl[]s gr[+ f x2 b x is a m>vell\sly f9e w9d[1 ma/]ly 9 draw+ & p]fectly pa9t$4 ,& x owes positively no?+ to age or accid5t4 ,inde$1 ! effect is some:at dilut$ by re/oration4 ,ev5 on ! r$uc$ scale ( ! illu/ration giv51 y c detect 9 ! head ( ! hatless figure to ! "r a t\* ( mod]n ,fr5* "*2 & ! f9e col\r ( x all is f9e 9 spite ( ! flatness ( t9t 9 ! backgr\nd1 = :i* ! n9ete5? c5tury mu/ be held responsible4 ,except = ! confusion caus$ by ! occasional introduction ( canopies & bord]s1 a ,jesse w9d[ may be usually recognis$ at a glance4 ,9 ! ca!dral at ,troyes1 h[ev]1 is :at might be mi/ak51 at fir/ sight1 = a ,jesse tree4 ,b ! recumb5t figure is n t ( ,jesse1 b ( ,*ri/4 ,he lies1 9 fact1 9 ! w9e press1 :5ce gr[s a v9e be>+ half effigies ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 & ! patron sa9ts ( ! ,donor & 8 wife1 :o !mselves _h places 9 ! l[] portion ( ! sidelights1 b ! figure ( ! wife is n[ miss+4 ,! g5]al design & effect ( ?is w9d[1 & especially ! s]i\sness ( ! ornam5tal portion ( x1 are su* z almo/ to belie ! p]iod ( its execution4 ,x is an exceptionally f9e w9d[ = ! ye> #afbe4 ,?is same subject is anticipat$ 9 a sixte5? c5tury w9d[ 7#aeeb7 at ,con*es4 ,!re ! ,savi\r treads ! blue grapes1 & a /ream ( blood-r$ w9e issues f !m4 ,! frame ( ! press imm$iately beh9d him is design$ to sugge/ ! cross4 ,! ,jesse w9d[ ref]r$ to 9 ! nor? transept at ,c>cassonne is balanc$ by a w9d[ on ! s\?1 :i* is ( peculi>ly int]e/+ design1 n1 to my k1 else:]e to be f\nd 9 glass1 al?\gh x occurs 9 ,e>ly ,italian pa9t+4 ,x repres5ts ! ,tree ( ,life1 ( ,k ( ,good & ,evil--:i* k appe>s to be inscrib$ all ov] x & ! w9d[4 ,x might almo/ be describ$ z a tree ( lett]+1 = x be>s ^u its bran*es 7:i* are labels7 & ^u its fruit 7:i* are he>t-%ap$ tablets7 volum9\s inscriptions1 n1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! glass1 always easy to deciph]1 b mo/ effectively decorative4 ,on ei!r side ! w9d[1 by way ( bord] to ! out] lights1 is a s]ies ( little figures1 prophets1 or :oev] !y may be1 be>+ o!r inscrib$ scrolls1 m+l+ ) ! b\ghs ( ! tree1 ! leaves ( :i* =m1 z x 71 a k9d ( gre5 & yell[ fr+e to ! inscrib$ :ite bran*es4 ,at ! foot ( ! tree /& ,adam & ,eve1 9 ! act ( yield+ to ! temptation ( ! woman-head$ s]p5t coil$ r\nd its trunk1 & beyond are %[n ! ,ark ( ,noah & ! ,ark ( ! ,cov5ant4 ,amid/ ! upp] bran*es is a crucifix1 ! n>r[ r$ cross s inconspicu\s t ! ,*ri/ seems almo/ to hang ^u ! tree1 & at its summit is ! emblem ( ! pelican1 ,qui sangu9e pascit alumnos4 ,?is is altoge!r n only a /rik+1 &1 at ! same "t1 mo/ satisfactory w9d[1 b an admirable in/ance ( ! use ( lett]+ 9 ornam5t4 ,lett]+ is v (t5 introduc$ into ,jesse w9d[s1 & =ms sometimes a conspicu\s feature 9 !m3 h[ mu* m use might be made ( x is sugge/$ by ?is ,tree ( ,life4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,/ory ,,w9d[s4 ,!re is some?+ v int]e/+ 9 ! simple he>t$ness ) :i* ! m$ival arti/ w\ld attack a subject q impossible ( arti/ic realisation1 ap>t f 8 mode/ p[]s ( draughtsman%ip1 or ! limitations ( glass4 ,! d>+ ( ! man may be tak5 z evid5ce ( 8 s9c]ity4 ,if he _h n believ$ absolutely 9 ! ?+s he tri$ to p\rtray1 he c\ld n h set !m =? s simply z he did1 n only 9 ! q ar*aic m$allions ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 b ev5 9 pictures conceiv$ at ! end ( :at we call ! ,middle ,ages4 ,x w\ld be impossible n[adays to picture ,p>adise1 z 9 ! sc5e ( ! ,temptation at ,fair=d 7ov]leaf71 ) its bald ar*itecture & little ,go?ic f\nta91 to say no?+ ( ! s]p5t4 ,b d[n to ! sixte5? c5tury no subject 0 impossible to ! design]4 ,ev5 ! ,creation did n det] him2 on ! contr>y1 x 0 a fav\rite subject 9 old glass1 ?r\gh\t ! m$ival p]iod 7page #beb73 !re is no %irk+ ! difficulty ( r5d]+ ! division ( light f ! d>kness1 or ! sep>ation ( ! wat]s f ! dry l&4 ,inde$1 problems su* z ^! are sometimes solv$ ) v rem>kable +5uity1 if n q 9 a way to satisfy u3 ! ,creator 9 ! lik5ess ( a ,pope1 triple cr[n & all1 z at ,*lons-sur-,m>ne1 0 pictur$ no d\bt 9 all good fai? & rev]5ce4 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ d>+ notions ev] put into /a9$ glass occurs 9 a w9d[ 9 ,all ,sa9ts' ,*ur*1 ,nor? ,/reet1 ,york4 ,! design illu/rates an old ,nor?umbrian leg5d call$ ,! ,pryck ( ,consci5ce1 & boldly sets out to %[--! fi%es ro>+1 ! sea a-fire1 a bloody dew1 &1 z a climax1 ! g5]al conflagration ( ! _w4 ,( heav5 & hell ,i h no p[] to tell1 wrote ! idle s+] 7z he mo/ wilfully miscall$ himself7 ( ?is p]haps empty day4 ,x 0 left to ! mod]n arti/ to discov] t4 ,! subject mo/ frequ5tly affect$ by ! design] ( ! ,we/ w9d[ ( a ,go?ic *ur* 0 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 9 :i* appe>$ our ,"l 9 ,maje/y1 ,/4 ,mi*ael weigh+ human s\ls1 angels welcom+ ! righte\s into heav51 & fi5ds c>ry+ (f ! doom$ to hell4 ,^! ,doom w9d[s1 z !y are also call$1 are n1 to ! mod]n m9d1 impressive--n1 t is to say1 z ! pictures ( rew>d & puni%m5t h]eaft] !y 7 meant to be4 ,! sc5e /rikes u inv>iably z grotesque r ?an t]rible1 actual z x may h be5 to ! simple arti/1 :o meant to be a sob] *ronicl]1 & to ! yet simpl] wor%ipp]s to :om he address$ himself4 ,illu/ration3 #bdh4 ,,! ,,temptation1 ,,fair=d4 ,ap>t f t1 ,la/ ,judgm5t w9d[s are among ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! *ur*4 ,! portion ( ! w9d[1 9 p>ticul>1 :i* is devot$ to p]dition is mo/ attractive4 ,hell flames (f]$ to ! arti/ a spl5did opportunity = col\r1 ^u :i* he seiz$ ) delight4 ,& ! fi5ds he imag9$6 ,d\btless ^? crude conceptions ( 8 7 v real to him1 conv9c+ & t]ror-/rik+4 ,! grim hum\r :i* we see 9 !m may be ( our own imag9+2 b t ! draughtsman enjoy$ 8 creations no arti/ w d\bt4 ,illu/ration3 #bdi4 ,,"p ,,( ,,la/ ,,judgm5t1 ,,fair=d4 ,t is easy to und]/&4 ,8 subject all[$ him fre$om ( imag9ation1 gave him scope = fancy1 hum\r1 col\r2 & all 8 faculties f\nd outlet4 ,no wond] 8 w\ld-be fi5ds live beautiful 9 our recollection6 ,9 ! mid/ ( ruby flames dance devils1 purple1 black1 & br[n1 gna%+ c>nivor\s tee? or yell[ fangs1 _! beady1 :ite eyes gleam+ ) cruelty4 ,devils !re are app>5tly r$-hot2 o!rs gre5 & grey1 ) a beautiful b unholy k9d ( iridesc5ce ab\t !m4 ,z = ! blue devils1 !y are beautiful en\gh to sc>e away f ! behold] blue devils less tangible1 :i* may h _h possession ( him4 ,!re is a great :ite devil 9 a w9d[ at ,/rassburg1 :o has escap$1 x seems1 f ! ,doom w9d[ ne> by1 b n f ! flames ab\t him1 a backgr\nd ( magnific5t ruby4 ,! draw+ ( a "p ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t f ,fair=d 7page #cgc7 gives only ! grotesqu5ess ( ! sc5e1 ! qua9tly conceiv$ tortures ( ! damn$2 b t division ( ! glass is 9 reality a glory ( gorge\s col\r1 to :i* "o is irresi/ibly attract$4 ,= t1 z ev]1 ! design] has res]v$ 8 ri*e/ & mo/ gl[+ col\r4 ,"s slight t\* ( human p]v]sity p]haps inspires him also4 ,at ,fair=d1 at all ev5ts1 he has put "s ( 8 be/ "w1 & especially "s ( 8 f9e/ col\r1 into ! figures ( ! ,p]secutors ( ! ,*ur*4 ,un=tunately1 !y are high up 9 ! cl]e/ory1 & s d n get _! %>e ( att5tion2 c]ta9ly !y d n get ! praise !y des]ve4 ,:y1 "o is incl9$ to ask1 ?is hon\r to ! enemies ( ! ,*ur* on ! "p ( ! *ur*man8 ,0 he at he>t a hea!n giv+ secret v5t 9 art to feel+s he d>$ n op5ly express8 ,n a bit ( x6 ,he 0 j a trifle tir$ ( ,angels1 & ,sa9ts1 & subjects accord+ to conv5tion2 he 0 delight$ at ! *ance ( do+ some?+ n q tame & same1 & revell$ 9 ! opportunity :5 x occurr$4 ,9 ! trac]y op5+s above ! p]secutors1 :]e 9 ! ord9>y way w\ld be angels1 are lodg$ mu* m appropriate little fi5ds4 ,!y haunt ! memory long aft] y h se5 !m1 n z any?+ v t]rific1 b z bits ( beautiful col\r4 ,! ,devil ov]leaf1 hov]+ 9 wait = ! s\l ( ! imp5it5t ?ief ^u ! cross1 is n by any means a fav\rable specim5 ( ! ,fair=d fi5ds4 ,occasionally !re is a grimness ab\t ! m$ival ,devil :i* we feel to ?is day4 ,9 a w9d[ at ,s4 ,eti5ne1 ,beauvais1 !re is a q un=gettable picture ( a woman /ruggl+ 9 ! clut*es ( ! evil "o4 ,%e is drap$ 9 gre51 ! ,devil is ( gre5i%-:ite1 ! ar*itecture is repres5t$ 9 a gloom ( purple & d>k blue2 only a peep ( pale sky is se5 ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,on ! "o h&1 ?is is a delightful composition ( decorative col\r4 ,on ! o!r x is int5sely dramatic4 ,x sets "o wond]+ :o ?is may be1 & :at w be ! outcome ( x4 ,! /ruggle is fe>ful1 ! fi5d is q frantic 9 action4 ,"o is s tak5 ) ! sc5e t "o does n notice t 8 head is want+1 & has be5 replac$ by "o :i* does n ev5 fit 8 %\ld]s4 ,t ! effect1 = all t1 is impressive1 speaks volumes = ! /ory-tell]4 ,illu/ration3 #bej4 ,,fair=d4 ,alas1 alas1 ! ,devil is dead6 ,8 mod]n c\nt]feit is a fraud4 ,y may see ?is at ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,v9c5t1 at ,r\51 9 "o ( ! subjects repres5t+ ! life ( t sa9t1 :]e he puts ! devils to flight4 ,! ne>e/ ( !m is an evil-look+ ?+1 ruby col\r$1 uncannily spott$1 l "s bright poison\s-look+ fungus4 ,! re/or] has supplem5t$ ^! retreat+ devils by a f>!r "o pa9t$ on ! grey-blue sky4 ,! imp is grotesque en\gh1 & v clev]ly put 91 b x pla9ly belongs no long] to ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,x sugge/s a !atrical prop]ty1 n ! hobgobl9 ( old belief4 ,t is j :at ! devilry 9 old glass nev] does4 ,x mu/ be own$ t m$ival ,angels *>m u less4 ,!y are by comp>ison tame4 ,_! col\r is delicate & silv]y1 belike1 b n s$uctive2 _! w+s sit awkw>dly ^u !m2 !y fulfil m or less trivial functions1 be>+ scrolls or emblems1 %ields ( arms ev54 ,!y are n 9 ! lea/ e!real4 ,!y are too mu* on ! model ( man or woman4 ,:at possible bus9ess1 = example1 h !y ) legs & feet8 ,yet x is by ! r>e/ *ance t ! body is1 z x 71 lo/ 9 a swirl ( drap]y1 :i*1 by disguis+ ! l[] limbs1 makes ! image by s mu*1 if n ! m angelic1 at lea/ ! less obvi\sly ( ! e>?4 ,! glass hunt] _c b be amus$ e n[ & aga9 by odd ana*ronisms 9 m$ival & ev5 lat] illu/rations 9 glass4 ,b wond] at !m ceases :5 we rememb] h[ simple-m9d$ 0 ! craftsman ( ^? days be=e ar*ology4 ,if he wi%$ to picture sc5es ( ! long pa/--& he did--!re 0 no?+ = x b to %[ !m z !y occurr$ to 8 imag9ation--z happ5+1 t is to say1 9 8 own day2 & t is practically :at he did4 ,he _h p]haps a vague notion t a ,roman soldi] %\ld we> a kilt2 b 9 ! ma9 he 0 cont5t t ! onlook]s at ! ,crucifixion %\ld be co/um$ accord+ to ! p]iod ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 or ,maximilian1 9 :i* he himself happ5$ to live4 ,! practice _h1 at lea/1 "o advantage ov] our mod]n displays ( probably v inaccurate le>n$ness1 9 t x br\ght ! sc5e close home to ! unle>n$ obs]v]1 &1 z x 71 l9k$ ! ev5t ) 8 own life4 ,9 %ort1 !re is m vitality 9 t rude /ory-tell+ ?an 9 ! m elaborate hi/ories1 mu* less inaccurate 9 detail d\btless1 to :i* to-day & h5ce=? arti/s are pl$g$4 ,!re is no occasion to dwell ^u ! oddities ( glass pa9t+2 !y are ^? ( m$ival art all ?r\gh4 ,if we take a c]ta9 incongruity = grant$1 ! guilelessness ( x only *>ms u4 ,t same guilelessness enables ! arti/ to make absolutely ornam5tal use ( !mes :i* to-day we might ?9k x pr(ane to make subs]vi5t to decorative effect4 ,we nev] "q 8 s9c]ity1 ?\gh 9 ! sc5e ( ! ,creation1 z at ,erfur?1 he made a patt]n ( ! birds1 pair & pair1 ea* on its own tree4 ,he c safely %[ ! /aff ( ,s4 ,*ri/oph]1 z at ,freiburg1 blossom+ s freely z conv5i5tly to fill ! head ( ! w9d[ & balance ! ,*ild ^u 8 %\ld]4 ,accord+ z x occurs to him1 or z x suits 8 purpose1 k+s & bi%ops take "p 9 ! ,crucifixion2 ,s4 ,mi*ael tramples ^u a dragon big en\gh to swall[ him at a m\?ful2 ,abraham goes out1 gorge\sly array$ 9 r$ & purple1 to slaught] ,isaac on a ri*ly decorat$ alt>1 & a :ite ram1 pranc+ among ! gre51 calls 8 att5tion to itself z ! m appropriate sacrifice2 ,adam & ,eve are driv5 =? f ,ed5 by a sc>let angel1 drap$ 9 :ite1 ) w+s z well z sword ( flam+ r$4 ,9 ?is la/ case ! peculi> col\r has a significance4 ,else:]e x implies ! pov]ty ( ! glazi]'s palette1 or indicates ! sacrifice ( natural to arti/ic effect4 ,s x 0 t1 till q ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 we meet ) positively blue be>ds1 ruby c[s1 & trees ( all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[2 & ev5 at a mu* lat] date ?an t1 prim>y-col\r$ cattle look ov] ! mang] at ! ,nativity1 & ,*ri/ is %[n ent]+ ,j]usalem on a bright blue donkey4 ,to ! la/ ! glass pa9t] indulg$ 9 v int]e/+ comp\nd subjects--! ,nativity1 = example1 ) 9 ! di/ance ! ,magi on _! way2 ! ,la/ ,supp]1 & 9 ! =egr\nd1 reliev$ aga9/ ! tableclo?1 ,*ri/ wa%+ ,pet]'s feet1 ! apo/les gr\p$ r\nd s z to =m "p ( ea* or ei!r subject4 ,sometimes a s]ies ( ev5ts =m a s+le picture1 z :]e y h ! ,temptation1 ! ,expulsion1 ,eve ) h] di/aff1 ,adam ) 8 spade1 ! *ildhood ( ,ca9 & ,abel1 & ! fir/ fratricide1 all gr\p$ 9 "o compreh5sive l&scape4 ,consecutive pictures1 by ! way1 g5]ally foll[ 9 horizontal n v]tical s]ies1 beg9n+ on y\r left z y face ! w9d[4 ,!re is no inv>iable rule2 b 9 mo/ cases ! ord] ( ! subjects is f left to "r1 r[ aft] r[1 t]m9at+ at ! top ( ! w9d[4 ,f ! beg9n+ difficult doctr9al subjects are attempt$1 z well z hi/ories & leg5ds4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! design is (t5 an allegory1 full ( mean+1 ?\gh ! mean+ ( x all may n be v obvi\s4 ,! ,virtues1 = example1 no long] cont5t to /& "u canopies1 sy/ematically spe>+ ea* its contra/+ ,vice1 h>ness !mselves1 z at ,s4 ,patrice1 ,r\51 to a processional c>1 9 :i* are ! ,virg91 ,*ri/ ^u ! ,cross1 & sundry vases1 prec$$ by ! ,patri>*s & o!r holy p]sonages4 ,ano!r int]e/+ morality1 at ,s4 ,v9c5t1 ,r\51 is pictur$ 9 a m$ley ( little figures ea* ) descriptive label--,ri*esse1 = example1 a lady 9 gorge\s gold5 array2 ,pitie1 a matron ( sob] aspect2 ,les ,ri*es ,+rass1 a gr\p ( gay "y m52 ,le ,ri*e & ,le ,p\re1 alike pursu$ by dea?4 ,ano!r decorative device ( ! sixte5? c5tury is ! ,virg91 lifesize1 surr\nd$ by h] emblems & little :ite scrolls describ+ !m--,fons ortorum1 ,sivit z ,dei1 & s on1 9 oddly spelt ,lat94 ,?is occurs at ,con*es4 ,9 ,lat] ,go?ic1 & ( c\rse 9 ,r5aissance glass1 ! situation is1 if n realis$1 at all ev5ts dramatically treat$4 ,"o sc>cely kn[s to :i* p]iod to attribute ! w9d[ at ,s4 ,patrice1 ,r\51 ) sc5es f ! life ( ,s4 ,l\is1 an admirably sob] & s]i\s piece ( "w4 ,conspicu\s 9 x is ! recurr+ mantle ( ! ,k+1 deep indigo col\r$1 embroid]$ ) gold5 fleurs-de-lys1 on an inky-blue gr\nd4 ,! :ole effect is ri* b /rik+ly l[ 9 tone4 ,an exceptionally f9e sc5e is t 9 :i* ! ,k+1 9 a gold5 boat ) :ite sails1 erm9e diap]$1 a cr[n ^u 8 head1 kneels 9 pray] be=e a little crucifix1 :il/ 8 "o companion lifts up 8 h&s 9 t]ror3 ! man is clad 9 gre52 = ! re/ ! col\r is sombre1 only ! pale blue arm\r ( ! ,sa9t1 8 d>k blue cloak1 = once undiap]$--z if ! arti/ felt t "h ! gold5 lilies w\ld be out ( place--& ! lead5 sea ar\nd3 t ext5ds to ! v top ( ! picture1 di/ant %ips pa9t$ ^u x to indicate t x is wat]4 ,an inscription expla9s h[3-- ,en rev5ant du pays de ,syrie ,en m] fut t\rm5te 444 gde furie ,mais en priant ,jesu ,*ri/ il en fut delivr4 ,x mu/ be all[$ t ! /orm does n rage v t]rifically2 b ! effect is n m]ely beautiful z col\r b really descriptive1 & some?+ m4 ,x is only occasionally t ?is mu* ( dramatic effect is produc$2 b t\*es ( well-/udi$ realism are common1 z :]e1 9 ! same *ur*1 at ! m>tyrdom ( a sa9t1 ! execution]s :o fe$ ! fire %r9k f ! yell[ flames & gu>d _! eyes4 ,decorative treatm5t goes almo/ )\t say+ 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury4 ,at ,s4 ,patrice1 aga91 is a s+ul>ly f9e in/ance ( t4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! w9d[1 aga9/ a backgr\nd ( =e/1 ) ! di/ant hunt 9 full cry1 ,s4 ,eu/a*e /&s entranc$1 8 ri*ly clad figure a focus ( bright col\r2 fac+ him1 9 ! "o light1 ! leg5d>y /ag1 enclos+ betwe5 its antl]s ! vision ( ! crucifix1 balanc$1 9 ! o!r1 by ! :ite horse ( ! conv]t3 ! note ( :ite is repeat$ 9 ! li! h\nds runn+ ?r\gh ! ?ree lights1 &1 ) ! silv]y trunks ( ! trees1 holds ! composition toge!r4 ,?is subject ( ! ,conv]sion ( ,s4 ,hub]t 0 r a fav\rite "o 9 glass1 & 0 usually well treat$4 ,! /ag is invaluable4 ,at ,erfur? he /&s aga9/ ! gre51 a mass ( yell[1 ) purple antl]s1 :i* =m a vesica-%ap$ frame = ! fabl$ vision4 ,! use ( :ite1 by ! way1 z a means ( hold+ ! w9d[ toge!r is rem>kable ?r\gh\t ,lat] glass1 ev5 ap>t f :ite canopy "w4 ,9 ! ca!dral at ,p]ugia !re is a w9d[ 9 :i* a /ream ( :ite pavem5t fl[s1 z x 71 d[n ?r\gh ! gr\ps ( ri*ly col\r$ figures1 emphasis+ !m1 & at ! same "t connect+ !m ) ! canopy4 ,!re is no end to ! int]e/ ( subject 9 glass2 b ! subject w\ld lead u too f> a/ray f ! purpose ( ?is book4 ,en\gh has be5 said to indicate ! k9d ( int]e/ :i* ea* ( u be/ f9ds = himself 9 glass hunt+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,see ,,w9d[s4 ,! j appreciation ( /a9$ glass is m ?an difficult1 & judgm5t ) reg>d to x m ?an ord9>ily fallible4 ,x is too mu* to expect ( a w9d[ t x %\ld /& ! te/ ( a light = :i* x 0 n design$4 ,! mo/ consci5ti\s arti/ c d no m ?an design x = ! light by :i* he imag9es x is mo/ likely to be se54 ,!re mu/ inevitably be times ( day1 :5 ! sun is 9 a position n fav\rable to x1 & _m days :5 ! int5sity ( ! light1 ev5 ?\gh x come f ! "r qu>t]1 is n :at he reli$ ^u4 ,x happ5s1 ( c\rse1 t glass is (t5 se5 "u su* conditions t ! brilliancy ( ! w9d[s on "o side ( ! *ur* is lit]ally put out by a flood ( light p\r$ 9 ^u !m ?r\gh ! w9d[s 7brilliantly illum9at$ by x7 on ! opposite side4 ,! be/ ( critics c\ld n appreciate ! be/ ( glass "u circum/ances l t4 ,suppose ! w9d[s nor? & s\? ( a *ur* to be ( equal m]it1 "o's appreciation ( !m1 at fir/ sight1 w\ld dep5d ^u ! "t ( day2 & ! light :i* did mo/ ju/ice to ! nor!rn w9d[s w\ld d lea/ to ! s\!rn1 & vice v]s4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es a man to make all[ances1 b he c only judge :at he has se52 & x is only ) ! light %9+ ?r\gh a w9d[ t he c see its col\r or judge ( its effect4 ,! wond]ful diff]5ce :i* ! /r5g? ( ! light makes 9 ! appe>ance ( a w9d[1 is n[h]e q s obvi\s z 9 ! case ( w9d[s1 n ( glass1 b ( transluc5t alaba/]--z1 = example1 at ,orvieto1 9 ! l[] lights on ei!r side ( ! nave1 or1 fram$ 9 black m>ble mullions1 at ! ,we/ end ( ! ca!dral4 ,! m or less squ>e-%ap$ slabs ( :i* !y are =m$ are1 9 v _m cases1 made up ( a numb] ( pieces cem5t$ toge!r 9 l9es :i* take v mu* ! place ( lead l9es1 & sugge/1 ) ! b>s hold+ !m 9 place1 ! practice ( ! glazi]2 b ! effect is mu* less t ( glass ?an ( deepe/ amb] 9 ! unbrok5 panels1 ( gorge\s tortoise-%ell 9 ^? t are pat*$ & piec$ toge!r4 ,^! la/ are1 if n ! m beautiful1 c]ta9ly ! m int]e/+4 ,! br[n & gold & horny-:ite gr[ murki] :5 ! light does n %9e full ^u ! w9d[s2 b !re is a my/]y ab\t ! col\r /ill1 :i* makes up = ! loss ( brilliancy4 ,if y\r mood is t way1 y may f9d 9 ! curi\s m>bl+ ( ! /one /range pictures ( cl\dl& & fanta/ic l&scape4 ,x is p>tly ! %ape1 no d\bt1 ( a circul> slab high above ! we/]n door1 :i* calls to m9d ! image ( ! moon ) its my/]i\s m\nta9s4 ,a m delicate1 if n always s ri* an effect1 is to be se5 9 ! great monoli?ic slabs :i* fill ! five squ>e-head$ w9d[s 9 ! apse ( ! upp] *ur* at ,s4 ,m9iato4 ,effect1 did ,i say8 ,nay1 r effects1 = !y *ange ) e gradation 9 ! light4 ,y may see at fir/ little m ?an flat surfaces ( pleasantly mottl$ :ite & purple-grey1 transluc5t1 b comp>atively dull & dead4 ,!n1 z ! sun creeps r\nd ! corn]1 a /range life comes into !m4 ,! :ite & pale/ greys beg9 to gl[1 & turn by sl[ degrees to pe>ly-p9k1 :i* k9dles into gold1 & deep5s 9 ! duski] p>ts to copp]-r$4 ,! /rong] m>k+s ( ! /one n[ %[ out 9 unsuspect$ /r5g?1 & ! light] ve9s take on by contra/ a gre5i% t9t1 s t ! w>m col\r is subtly %ot ) its cool c\nt]p>t4 ,if1 :5 y fir/ see ! w9d[s1 ! sun illum9es !m1 ! effect is less magical2 y get y\r /ronge/ impression fir/2 b 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r or s a great *ange may take place--:51 = example1 t[>ds noon ! light passes away2 b = a long :ile ! /one rema9s lum9\s4 ,y\r eyes are op5 n[1 & 9 ! delicate a%5-grey y see--or is x t y feel x to be !re8--a t9t ( rose4 ,9 proportion z x is less opaque ?an alaba/]1 glass is less p]ceptibly affect$ by *anges ( light2 b1 :e!r we p]ceive x or n1 x owes all its effect to ! light %9+ ?r\gh x4 ,! mo/ fair-m9d$ ( u misjudge w9d[s because we _c see !m (t5 en\gh to be q sure we h se5 !m at _! be/--t is to say1 on ! "r day1 & at ! "r "t ( day4 ,9 comp>+ "o w9d[ ) ano!r we are m ?an ev] likely to d inju/ice4 ,ev5 if !y happ5 to be bo? 9 ! same *ur*1 ! light mo/ fav\rable to ! "o may1 z j said1 be q ! lea/ fav\rable to ! o!r4 ,ea* mu/ 9 fairness be judg$ at its be/2 & x is no easy matt] to comp>e to-day's impression ) ye/]day's1 or x may be la/ week's--m especially :5 a new] impression ( ! same ?+1 />+ y 9 ! face1 w /amp itself ^u ! vision4 ,:5 ye>s1 in/ead ( days1 int]v5e1 ! ju/ice ( ev5 ! mo/ ret5tive memory is op5 to grave/ d\bt4 ,g to ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,alp91 at ,*lons1 & 9 ! morn+ y w f9d ! ,ea/ w9d[s brilliantly ri*3 9 ! e>ly aft]noon1 ev5 ( a bright day1 !y w be lack+ 9 transp>5cy1 dull1 ineffective4 ,s at ,s4 ,sebald's1 ,nuremb]g1 ! spl5did f\rte5? c5tury glass on ! nor? side ( ! *oir proves absolutely obscure 9 ! late aft]noon4 ,grisaille1 :i* 0 delicate "u a mod]ately subdu$ light1 w appe> ?9 & flimsy ) a /rong sun beh9d x4 ,x has happ5$ to me to describe ! same glass on "o occasion z too heavily1 on ano!r z too ?9ly pa9t$2 &1 aga91 to describe a w9d[ z w>m 9 tone :i* memory 7& my notes7 _h pa9t$ cool4 ,on ano!r occasion1 well-rememb]$ w9d[s 7 n to be id5tifi$ aga94 ,x seem$ t 9 ! c\rse ( a few int]v5+ ye>s !y mu/ h be5 re/or$ out ( all k2 a few h\rs lat] 9 ! day !re 0 no mi/ak+ !m1 ?\gh !y _h1 inde$1 lo/ some?+ by re/oration4 ,:5 ! mo/ c>eful & delib]ate notes tell su* diff]5t1 & inde$ q opposite1 /ories1 notes made at times n f> en\gh ap>t to all[ = any?+ l a complete *ange ( op9ion on ! "p ( ! critic1 x is cle> t conditions ( light g s f> t[>ds ! effect ( glass1 t x is q impossible to appraise x fairly ! fir/ "t "o sees x4 ,! m mom5t>y ! impression on :i* "o has to f\nd an op9ion1 ! m ess5tial x is t we %\ld *oose ! mom5t4 ,! /ronge/ light is by no means ! mo/ fav\rable to glass4 ,9 a gl>e ( sunlight x is q probable t "s unhappy w9d[s w h m light %9+ ^u ?an comes ?r\gh ! glass4 ,happie/ are ! w9d[s se5 by ! subdu$ light ( a ra9y day4 ,occasionally a w9d[1 s deep t "u ord9>y conditions ( light x is obscure1 may ne$ ! /ronge/ possible illum9ation2 b ev5 9 ! case ( v deep-ton$ w9d[s--su*1 = example1 z ^? 9 ! transepts ( ! ,duomo at ,flor5ce--! glass1 z a :ole1 is be/ se5 by a sob] light4 ,y get ! maximum ( col\r effect ) ! m9imum ( hurt to any individual w9d[1 if !re be any hurt at all4 ,a really g>i% w9d[ may be beautiful z ! light wanes4 ,! great ,nor? ,rose at ,notre ,dame 7,p>is7 is impressive at dusk4 ,o!r conditions ^u :i* ! effect ( glass l>gely dep5ds are q beyond our control4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 we r>ely see x at its be/4 ,= "o ?+1 we d n see x 9 suffici5t quantity4 ,we f9d x 9 "h & !re a w9d[ only1 :ite light %9+ unmitigat$ f w9d[s all r\nd4 ,p]haps 9 ! w9d[ itself !re is a breakage1 & a /ream ( light p\rs ?r\gh x1 spoil+1 if n its beauty1 all enjoym5t ( x4 ,x is n g5]ally und]/ood h[ completely ! effect ( glass dep5ds ^u ! abs5ce ( light o!r ?an t :i* comes ?r\gh x4 ,e ray ( light :i* p5etrates into a build+ except+ ?r\gh ! /a9$ glass does injury to ! col\r$ w9d[2 m (t5 ?an n1 !re=e1 we see x "u mo/ adv]se circum/ances4 ,x is worse ?an he>+ a symphony only 9 snat*es2 x is r z if a m p[]ful or*e/ra 7 all ! :ile dr[n+ ! s\nd4 ,x takes an exp]t to appreciate glass :5 light is reflect$ ^u x f all sides4 ,! effect ( "s ( ! f9e/ glass 9 ,g]many1 z at ,muni* & ,nuremb]g1 is s]i\sly m>r$ by a wick$ ,g]man practice ( fill+ only ! l[] half ( ! w9d[ ) col\r$ glass & glaz+ ! upp] "p 9 :ite r\nds4 ,t enables folk to read _! ,bibles1 no d\bt2 b ! volume ( crude :ite light above goes f> to kill ! col\r ( ! glass4 ,9 su* case x is n until y h %ut (f ! (f5d+ light t x is possible to enjoy1 or ev5 to appreciate1 ! w9d[s4 ,a comp>atively d>k *ur* is ess5tial to ! p]fect enjoym5t ( ri* glass4 ,! deep r$ light-absorb+ s&/one ( :i* ,/rassburg & ,%rewsbury ,ca!drals are built1 adds imm5sely to ! brilliancy ( _! beautiful glass4 ,:ite light is ! mo/ cruel1 b n ! only1 (f5d]4 ,old glass sometimes qu>rels ) old glass4 ,an ,e>ly w9d[ is made to look heavy by a quantity ( ,late "w ab\t x1 & a ,late w9d[ pales 9 ! pres5ce ( deep ri* ,e>ly glass4 ,z = mod]n "w1 x is t :i* suff]s mo/ by comp>ison ) old2 b x ar\ses (t5 a feel+ ( irritation 9 u :i* puts u out ( ! mood to enjoy4 ,wor/ (f5ce ( all is t done 9 ! "n ( re/oration1 :]e1 inextricably mix$ up ) old "w1 is mod]n =g]y2 n clev] en\gh to pass = old1 b suffici5tly l x to ca/ a d\bt ^u ! g5u9e "w1 at ! same "t t x q de/roys its beauty4 ,some?+ ( our appreciation dep5ds ^u ! frame ( m9d 9 :i* we come to ! w9d[s4 ,!y may be "o ( ! sights ( ! place2 b ! sight-see+ mood is n ! "o 9 :i* to appreciate4 ,h[ (t5 c ! t\ri/ sit d[n 9 a *ur* ) ! feel+ t he has all ! day be=e him1 & c give himself up to ! enjoym5t ( ! glass1 wait till x has some?+ to say to him8 ,a man has n se5 glass :5 he has walk$ r\nd ! *ur*1 ) "o eye ^u x & ! o!r on 8 wat*1 n ev5 ?\gh he may h made a note or two conc]n+ x4 ,y mu/ give y\rself up to x1 or x w nev] give up to y ! secret ( its *>m4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,w9d[s ,,wor? ,,see+4 ,! c\rse ( ! glass hunt] seems nev] yet to h be5 cle>ly mapp$ out = him4 ,nor c he dep5d ^u ^? :o pret5d to direct 8 /eps4 ,! en?usia/ic description ( ! monograph proves 9 ! ev5t to h v likely no w>rant ( art2 ! p>agraph 9 ! guide-book is s cold z to excite no sp>k ( curiosity ab\t :at may be wor? e ef=t to see4 ,betwe5 ! two a beg9n] /&s unc]ta9 :i* way to turn1 & z (t5 z n goes a/ray4 ,! "q :i* p]plexes him on ! v outskirts ( ! subject is3 ,:i* are ! w9d[s to see8 ,t dep5ds4 ,"s !re are :i* e "o :o c>es at all ab\t glass %\ld c]ta9ly see1 "s :i* ! /ud5t :o really wants to "k %\ld /udy1 "s :i* ! arti/ %\ld see1 if m]ely = ! satisfaction ( 8 col\r s5se4 ,to enum]ate only a s+le class ( ^! w\ld be to write a catalogue2 b catalogues are h>d read+2 ! m int]e/+ & m helpful c\rse w be1 to tell %ortly ( "s ( ! w9d[s be/ wor? see+1 & :y !y %\ld be se54 ,& if *oice be made ( in/ances typical en\gh to illu/rate ! hi/ory ( glass1 ! li/ may s]ve z an it9]>y to su* z may ?9k x wor? :ile to /udy x1 z x %\ld be /udi$1 n 9 books1 b 9 *ur*es4 ,illu/ration3 #bea4 ,,grisaille ,,patt]ns1 ,,salisbury4 ,*ur*es fav\rable to ! /udy ( ,e>ly glass 9 ,engl& are n v _m4 ,a s]ies ( ?irte5? c5tury w9d[s is r>e2 & good examples1 su* z ! fragm5ts f ! ,s4 ,*apelle1 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 are few & f> betwe54 ,! "o f9e s]ies ( m$allion w9d[s is at ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 9 ! r\nd-head$ lights ( ! *oir4 ,9 ! cl]e/ory also is "s figure "w1 on a l>g] scale1 b less admirable ( its k9d4 ,= good ?irte5? c5tury grisaille 9 any consid]able quantity "o mu/ g to ,salisbury1 :]e1 =tunately1 ! aisle w9d[s are ne> en\gh to ! eye to %[ ! v *>act]i/ic patt]ns ( ! glass4 ,to sit !re 9 ! nave & wait until s]vice is ov]1 is no h>d%ip ev5 to ! mo/ ard5t glass hunt]4 ,! silv]y light f ! w9d[s fac+ him at ! ,ea/ end ( ! aisles is solace & delight en\gh4 ,yet m en*ant+ is ! pale beauty ( ! ,five slim ,si/]s1 9 ! ,nor? transept ( ,york ,m9/]2 t1 h[ev]1 is ga9$1 to "s ext5t1 by ! confusion ( ! patt]n1 :i* is n q typically ,e>ly1 b beg9s to %[ symptoms ( a transition /age 9 design4 ,to appreciate at its full value ! /rong] col\r ( ! ,e>ly mosaic glass "o mu/ cross ! ,*annel4 ,we h no?+ 9 ?is c\ntry to comp>e 9 quantity1 & !re=e = effect1 ) ! gorge\s glass illum9at+ ! great ,fr5* *ur*es4 ,reims1 = example1 ,b\rges1 ,le ,mans1 are p]fect treasure h\ses ( jewell$ light4 ,b ri*] ?an all is ,*>tres4 ,! w9d[s !re are less conv5i5tly plac$ = /udy ?an at ,le ,mans1 b !y are gr&]1 & m 9 numb]4 ,at ,reims ! art is co>s]1 ?\gh ! magnific5ce ( c]ta9 r$ w9d[s !re lives 9 ! memory4 ,emphatically ,*>tres is ! place to "k & appreciate ?irte5? c5tury glass4 ,no o!r great *ur* ( ! p]iod reta9s s mu* ( its orig9al glaz+2 & s9ce x is "o ( ! l>ge/1 & ! glass is v mu* ( "o p]iod1 x foll[s t no *ur* conta9s s mu* ,e>ly glass4 ,! impression x produces is ! m pron\nc$ t !re is little else4 ,except = a mod]n w9d[ or two1 "o ,late ,go?ic w9d[1 & "s f\r or five lights ( grisaille1 :i* belong to ! second p]iod1 ! glass ?r\gh\t ?is va/ build+ is typically ,e>ly4 ,x is well wor? a pilgrimage to ,*>tres only to see x4 ,y may w&] ab\t ! *ur* = h\rs at a "t1 unravell+ ! patt]ns ( ! w9d[s1 & puzzl+ out ! subjects ( ! m$allion pictures4 ,to sit !re 9 m re/ful mood ^u "s summ] aft]noon1 :5 ! light is s(t5$ by a g5tle fall ( ra91 is to be ?rill$ by ! beauty ( x all4 ,x is z ?\gh1 9 a dream1 y f\nd y\rself 9 "s huge cav]n1 lit only by ! light ( jewels1 myriads ( !m gleam+ d>kly ?r\gh ! gloom4 ,x is difficult to imag9e any?+ m my/]i\s1 solemn1 or impressive4 ,yes1 ,*>tres is ! place 9 :i* to be p5etrat$ by ! _s ( ,e>ly m$ival glass4 ,!re is a /ory told ( a *ild sitt+ = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life 9 "s ,fr5* *ur*1 aw$ by ! great ,rose w9d[ fac+ him1 :5 all at once ! organ bur/ into music2 & x seem$ to him1 he said1 z if ! w9d[ spoke4 ,words c\ld n bett] express ?an t ! p[]ful impression ( ,e>ly mosaic glass1 ! solemnity ( its beauty1 ! way x belongs to ! gr&eur ( ! great *ur*1 ! some?+ deep 9 u vibrat+ 9 answ] to x4 ,exceptionally int]e/+ ,e>ly glass is to be f\nd 9 ! ca!dral ( ,poiti]s2 b x is hurt by ! :ite light f o!r w9d[s4 ,9 ! case ( ,e>ly col\r$ w9d[s x is m ?an ev] true t _! int5sity c only be appreciat$ :5 all ! light 9 ! build+ comes ?r\gh !m4 ,t int5sity1 z 0 said1 is deep5$ :]e1 z at ,/rassburg1 ! col\r ( ! walls absorbs in/ead ( reflect+ light4 ,!re ! r$ s&/one ( :i* ! *ur* is built gives back s little light t1 z y ent] ! door1 y /ep f sun%9e into twilight1 9 :i* ! glass %9es d\bly glori\s4 ,"s ( ^! 7c]ta9 ( ! ,k+s1 = example1 on ! nor? side ( ! nave1 ea* ) its huge nimbus eddy+1 z x 71 r+ by r+ ( col\r1 out to ! m>g9 ( ! ni*e7 are ( ! ?irte5? if n ( ! twelf? c5tury2 b !y are typical ( no p]iod4 ,! bord]s fram+ !m are p]haps a c5tury lat] ?an ! figures4 ,inde$1 ! p]iod ( ?is glass is mo/ p]plex+ to ! /ud5t ( /yle1 until he realises t1 aft] ! great fire at ! v end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 rema9s ( e>li] glass1 sp>$ f ! wreck1 7 incorporat$ ) ! new] "w4 ,&1 n only ?is1 b1 :at 0 r>e 9 m$ival days1 ! f\rte5? c5tury design]1 9 8 endeav\r to h>monise1 z he mo/ successfully did1 ! old "w ) ! new1 gave to 8 own "w a "* :i* 0 n ( 8 p]iod1--mu* to ! my/ification ( ! /ud5t1 :o too readily imag9es t he _c g f> wrong 9 attribut+ to ! glass 9 a *ur* a date po/]ior to its con/ruction4 ,! ca!dral at ,/rassburg is ri* also 9 di/9ctly ,decorat$ glass1 to all ( :i* ! t\ri/ pays no he$4 ,he goes !re to see ! clock4 ,if he %\ld h a qu>t] ( an h\r to sp>e be=e noon--at :i* h\r ! cock cr[s & ! *ur* is %ut--he all[s himself to be driv5 by ! v]g]1 ) ! re/ ( ! cr[d1 into ! transept1 & p5n$ up !re until ! silly p]=mance beg9s4 ,to he> folk talk ( ! ?+ aft]w>ds at ! table d'hte y might fancy t ,erw9 ,von ,/e9ba* _h built 8 ma/]piece j to h\se ?is rickety piece ( mock old me*anism4 ,"s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ glass ( ! ,middle ,go?ic p]iod is to be f\nd 9 ,g]many1 = tradition di$ h>d !re2 &1 :il/ ?irte5? c5tury glass 0 m (t5 ,romanesque ?an ,go?ic 9 "*1 t ( ! f\rte5? (t5 foll[$ closely ! traditions ( e>li] ,go?ic workman%ip4 ,! ,g]mans excell$ especially 9 foliage design1 :i* !y treat$ 9 a mann] ( _! own4 ,x 0 nei!r v deep 9 col\r nor grisaille1 b midway betwe5 ! two4 ,! glass at ,reg5sburg is an exce$+ly good in/ance ( ?is treatm5t2 b in/ances ( x are to be f\nd also 9 ! ,museum at ,muni*1 v conv5i5tly plac$ = ! purposes ( /udy4 ,! w9d[s at ,freiburg 9 ! ,black ,=e/ %\ld also be se54 ,b "s ( ! v ri*e/ figure "w ( ! p]iod is to be f\nd 9 ! *oir w9d[s ( ,s4 ,sebald's ,*ur*1 at ,nuremb]g4 ,except = ! simplicity ( _! l9es ^! are n /rik+ 9 design2 b ! col\r is p]haps deep] 9 tone ?an 9 ! v ri*e/ ( ?irte5? c5tury glass4 ,! fir/ impression is t ! composition is entirely devoid ( :ite glass2 b !re proves to be a v small am\nt ( horny-t9t$ mat]ial :i* may be suppos$ to answ] to t description4 ,z ! light fades t[>ds ev5+ ^! w9d[s become dull & heavy2 b on a bright day ! int5sity ( _! ri*ness is unsurpass$4 ,!y h a quality :i* "o associates r ) velvet ?an ) glass4 ,illu/ration3 #beb4 #ad,,? ,,c5tury ,,g]man ,,glass4 ,excell5t ,decorat$ glass1 & a great quantity ( x1 is to be f\nd at ,evreux1 & aga9 at ,troyes4 ,! cl]e/ory ( ! *oir at ,t\rs is mo/ completely furni%$ ) ri* ,e>ly ,decorat$ glass ( transitional "*--int]e/+ on t acc\nt1 &1 at ! same "t1 mo/ beautiful to see4 ,!re is o!r ,decorat$ "w !re ) :i* x is conv5i5t to comp>e x1 toge!r ) e>li] & lat] "w m or less wor? see+4 ,aga9 mo/ int]e/+ "w1 b n mu* ( x1 & t r fragm5t>y1 is to be f\nd at ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,radegonde1 at ,poiti]s2 b !re 0 9 ,france at ab\t t "t r a lull 9 glass pa9t+4 ,9 ,engl&1 on ! contr>y1 !re is an abundance ( x4 ,!re is good "w 9 ! *oir ( ,wells ,ca!dral4 ,"p ( x is 9 a r fragm5t>y condition1 b x is all v mu* ( a p]iod2 & !re is en\gh ( x to give a fair idea ( :at ,engli% ,decorat$ glass is l4 ,york ,m9/] is ri* 9 x4 ,x is q an object lesson 9 /yle to g /raight f ! contemplation ( ! ,five ,si/]s1 :i* belong to ! latt] "p ( ! ,e>ly p]iod ( glass pa9t+1 into ! neighb\r+ ve/ibule ( ! ,*apt] ,h\se1 :]e ! w9d[s are ( ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,second ,p]iod1 & !nce to ! ,*apt] ,h\se itself1 :]e !y are typically ,decorat$4 ,! /udy ( ,decorat$ glass c be cont9u$ 9 ! nave aga91 :i* is fill$ ) x4 ,ent]+1 !n1 ! *oir1 y f9d ma9ly ,p]p5dicul> glass1 mu* ( x typical ( ,engli% "w ( ! ,late ,go?ic p]iod4 ,o!r v beautiful ,late ,go?ic "w is to be f\nd 9 "s ( ! small] *ur*es ( ,york1 su* z ,all ,sa9ts'4 ,!re is a w9d[ !re made up ( fragm5ts ( old glass1 among :i* are "s v delicately pa9t$ & really beautiful heads4 ,?is "w is all *>act]i/ically ,engli%4 ,engli% also is ! glass 9 ! ,priory ,*ur* at ,great ,malv]n4 ,!re is a va/ quantity ( x1 too1 :i* adds to its effect2 b un=tunately1 a great "p ( x n[ fills w9d[s = :i* x 0 obvi\sly n design$4 ,?is is ! m un=tunate because1 :]e x has n be5 di/urb$1 x %[s unmi/akable evid5ce ( hav+ be5 v c>efully design$ = its place4 ,! trac]y ( ! great ,ea/ w9d[ is1 = example1 an admirable in/ance ( ! j balance betwe5 :ite & col\r s *>act]i/ic ( lat] ,go?ic glass4 ,aga91 ! ,creation w9d[1 among/ o!rs1 is a lesson 9 delicate glass pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 #bec4 ,,fair=d4 ,di/9ctly ,engli% 9 ! delicacy ( _! pa9t+ are1 aga91 ! w9d[s 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y1 ,ross4 ,! f>-fam$ w9d[s ( ,fair=d are1 ( c\rse1 n ,engli%4 ,!y 7 captur$1 ! /ory goes1 at sea1 & br\ght to ,gl\ce/]%ire1 :]e a ,p]p5dicul> *ur* 0 built to accommodate !m4 ,engli% antiqu>ies make claim t !y are ,engli%1 b int]nal evid5ce %[s !m to be ,flemi% or ,g]man4 ,consid]able notoriety atta*es to ! ,fair=d w9d[s ow+ to a !ory :i* 0 at "o "t prop\nd$ to ! effect t !y 7 design$ by ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,! !ory is n[ z dead z a back numb]1 b ! notoriety rema9s--& n undes]v$ly2 = al?\gh ?is glass /&s by no means alone1 & is di/9ctly second to "s contempor>y "w 7su*1 = example1 z t on ! nor? side ( ! nave ( ,cologne ,ca!dral1 :i* ,dr] might conceivably h design$71 x is rem>kably f9e2 & x enjoys ! comp>atively r>e di/9ction ( practically fill+ ! w9d[s ( ! *ur*4 ,y n only1 !re=e1 see ! col\r 7:i*1 r ?an ! pa9t+1 is its *>m7 at its be/1 b y h a complete s*eme ( decoration--,type answ]+ to ,anti-type1 ! ,twelve ,apo/les correspond+ to ! ,prophets1 ! ,evangeli/s to ! ,f\r ,fa!rs1 & aga9 ! ,sa9ts oppos$ to ! ,p]secutors ( ! ,*ur*4 ,mo/ old glass owes some?+ to ! dis9tegration ( its surface1 & ! consequ5t refraction ( ! light transmitt$ ?r\gh x4 ,9 ! ,fair=d glass ! col\rs are m ?an usually mell[4 ,! :ite1 9 p>ticul>1 is /a9$ to e v>iety ( gre5 & grey--! col\r1 z x proves1 ( ! m9ute gr[? ( li*5 ) :i* x is ov]gr[n4 ,x is said t1 :5 ! fury ( iconoclasm 0 abroad1 ?is glass 0 buri$ out ( h>m's way2 :i* may possibly h ha/5$ ! decay ( ! glass1 & s h giv5 root-hold = ! gr[? :i* n[ glorifies x4 ,x w\ld n be easy to f9d f9] in/ances ( ,late ,go?ic ,g]man "w ?an ! five great w9d[s on ! ,nor? side ( ,cologne ,ca!dral4 ,!re1 too1 "o has only to turn "r-ab\t-face to comp>e e>ly sixte5? c5tury ) n9ete5? c5tury ,g]man practice1 & on precisely ! same scale1 too4 ,any "o :o c\ld hesitate = an in/ant to *oose betwe5 !m1 has ev]y?+ yet to le>n 9 reg>d bo? to glass & to col\r4 ,! g>i% mod]n transp>5cies %[1 by _! obvi\s %ortcom+s1 ! consummate accompli%m5t ( ! lat] ,go?ic glass pa9t]s4 ,!re is a v rem>kable late ,go?ic ,jesse w9d[ 9 ! ,lor5z ,kir*e at ,nuremb]g1 & ano!r almo/ equal to x 9 ! ca!dral at ,ulm4 ,! ,tree ( ,jesse is v diff]5tly1 b c]ta9ly n less beautifully1 r5d]$ 9 ! f9e ,we/ w9d[ at ,al5on4 ,9 mo/ ( ! great ,fr5* *ur*es1 & 9 _m ( ! small] ones1 y f9d good fifte5? c5tury "w4 ,at ,b\rges y h sev5 f\r-light w9d[s & "o l>g] "o1 all fairly typical4 ,! be/ ( !m is 9 ! *apel ( ,jacques ,coeur1 ! ,jack t built at ,b\rges q "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( m$ival h\ses extant4 ,b !re is no "o *ur* :i* recurs be=e all o!rs to ! memory :5 "o ?9ks ( ,late ,go?ic glass 9 ,france4 ,"o rememb]s m readily c]ta9 sup]lative in/ances1 su* z ! flamboyant ,rose w9d[ at ! ,we/ end ( ,s4 ,macl\1 at ,r\51 a wond] ( ri* col\r1 or ! ,we/]n ,rose 9 ! ca!dral !re4 ,! fact is1 t ! _s ( ! ,r5aissance beg9s e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury to creep into ,fr5* "w2 &1 z glass pa9t+ arrives at its p]fection1 x betrays v (t5 signs ( go+ ov] to ! new mann]4 ,?is is peculi>ly ! case 9 t "p ( ,france :i* lies j ?is side ( ! ,alps2 s mu* s1 t a m>k$ly mix$ /yle is commonly accept$ z ,burgundian4 ,?is is mo/ app>5t 9 ! beautiful *ur* ( ,br\1 a m>vel ( fanciful ,go?ic1 florid1 ( c\rse1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 extreme 9 its ornam5tation1 b1 = all b ! puri/1 extremely beautiful4 ,! *ur* itself is z ri* z a jewel by ,cell9i1 & inf9itely m int]e/+2 & ! glass is wor?y ( its unique sett+4 ,!re is a v rem>kable s]ies ( w9d[s to see 9 ! ca!dral at ,au*1 all ( a p]iod1 all by "o man1 fill+ all ! eighte5 w9d[s ( ! *oir ambulatory4 ,transition is ev]y:]e app>5t 9 !m1 ?\gh p]haps "o w\ld n h plac$ !m q s e>ly z #aeac1 ! date ascrib$ to !m4 ,a notable ?+ ab\t ! "w is its scale1 :i* is mu* l>g] ?an is usual 9 ,fr5* glass ( t p]iod4 ,n[h]e w y f9d w9d[s m simply & l>gely design$ or m broadly treat$4 ,n[h]e w y f9d big ,r5aissance canopies ri*] 9 col\r or m int]e/+ 9 design4 ,! fifty or m r fanta/ically associat$ ,prophets1 ,patri>*s1 ,sibyls1 & ,apo/les depict$1 =m1 ) ! ar*itecture ab\t !m & ! trac]y above1 q rem>kable compositions ( col\r4 ,& x is v evid5t t ! col\r ( ea* w9d[ has be5 ?\ght out z a :ole4 ,!re is n "o ( ^! w9d[s :i* is n wor? see+4 ,!y =m collectively a mo/ important l9k 9 ! *a9 ( /yle1 )\t1 h[ev]1 belong+ to any m>k$ p]iod4 ,inde$1 !y /& r by !mselves z examples ( v ,e>ly ,r5aissance "w1 aim+ at broad effects ( /rong col\r 7q opposite f :at "o r expects ( sixte5? c5tury ,fr5* "w71 & rea*+ x4 ,& ?\gh ! arti/ works almo/ entirely 9 mosaic--us+ col\r$ glass1 t is to say1 in/ead ( pigm5t--& dep5ds less ?an usual ^u pa9t+1 he yet lays 8 col\r ab\t ! w9d[ 9 a rem>kably pa9t]-l way4 ,!re are notewor?y w9d[s at ,*lons-sur-,m>ne1 9 ! *ur*es ( ,,ss4 ,madela9e & ,joseph1 :i* c be claim$ nei!r z ,go?ic nor ,r5aissance1 details ( ea* p]iod occurr+ side by side 9 ! same w9d[4 ,at ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,alp9 at ,*lons is a s]ies ( picture w9d[s 9 grisaille1 n (t5 met )1 & v well wor? see+4 ,e>ly sixte5? c5tury glass is s abundant t x is hopeless to specify *ur*es4 ,n[h]e is ! transition p]iod bett] repres5t$ ?an at ,r\51 &1 = t matt]1 ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance too4 ,! *ur* ( ,s4 ,v9c5t conta9s no less ?an ?irte5 w9d[s1 ) subjects biblical or allegorical1 b always /rik+ly ri* 9 col\r4 ,! *oir is1 y may say1 an ar*itectural frame to a s]ies ( glass pictures second to few ( _! p]iod1 & s ne>ly all ( a p]iod z to give "o an excell5t impression ( x3 ! brilliancy ( ! col\r1 ! silv]9ess ( ! :ite glass1 & ! delicacy ( ! l&scape backgr\nds is typical4 ,sc>cely less int]e/+ is ! abundant glass 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,patrice1 :i* c>ries u well into ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury & beyond2 s t ,r\5 is an excell5t place 9 :i* to /udy all b ,e>ly glass3 !re is n mu* ( t to speak ( !re4 ,two exceptionally f9e ,r5aissance w9d[s are to be f\nd 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,god>d2 & !re are o!rs well wor? see+ :il/ y are 9 ,r\51 if n 9 e case wor? go+ !re to see1 9 ! *ur*es ( ,s4 ,roma91 ,s4 ,nicaise1 ,s4 ,vivi51 9 addition to ,s4 ,ou51 ,s4 ,macl\1 & ! ca!dral4 ,yet f9] ,r5aissance "w is to be f\nd at ,beauvais--f9]1 t is to say1 9 design4 ,"o is rem9d$ !re sometimes ( ,raffaelle1 :o furni%$ designs = ! tape/ries = :i* ! t[n 0 fam\s2 ^! may v well h inspir$ ! glass pa9t]s2 b !re is n at ,beauvais ! quantity ( "w :i* "o f9ds at ,r\54 ,! v p]fection ( workman%ip is to be se5 also 9 ! w9d[s at ,montmor5cy & ,ec\5 7bo? )9 a v %ort di/ance ( ,p>is72 b1 on ! :ole1 ?is mo/ int]e/+ glass h>dly comes up to :at "o might imag9e x to be f ! reproductions 9 ,m4 ,magne's mo/ sumptu\s monograph4 ,9 a c]ta9 s5se also ! w9d[s at ,con*es1 9 ,norm&y1 are a disappo9tm5t4 ,9 a s]ies ( w9d[s design$ by ,aldegrev] "o expects to f9d abundant ornam5t2 & !re is practically none4 ,:at little !re is1 is l en\gh to 8 "w to be possibly by him2 b "o feels t ,he9ri* ,aldegrev]1 if he _h _h 8 way1 w\ld h lavi%$ ^u !m a weal? ( ornam5tal detail1 :i* w\ld h made !m mu* m c]ta9ly 8 ?an1 z x is1 int]nal evid5ce proves !m to be4 ,x w\ld h>dly h occurr$ to any "o1 ap>t f ! "n 9 "o ( ! w9d[s1 to attribute !m to ?is greate/ ornam5ti/ among ! ,little ,ma/]s4 ,x is only ! ornam5ti/ :o is disappo9t$1 h[ev]1 n ! glass hunt]4 ,x is an exp]i5ce to h visit$ a *ur* l ,con*es1 simple1 well proportion$1 dignifi$2 :]e1 z y ent] f ! ,we/ 7& ! few mod]n w9d[s are hidd571 y see "o expanse ( good glass1 ( a good p]iod1 n mu* hurt by re/oration4 ,! effect is s+ul>ly "o4 ,y come away n rememb]+ s mu* ! glass1 or any p>ticul> w9d[1 z ! satisfactory impression ( x all--an impression :i* incl9es y to put d[n ! date ( a pilgrimage to ,con*es z a r$-lett] day 9 y\r glass-hunt+ exp]i5ces4 ,!re is magnific5t ,r5aissance glass 9 ,fl&]s1 & especially at ,lige1 9 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 ,go?ic tradition l+]s4 ,mo/ beautiful is ! great w9d[ 9 ! ,s\? transept ( ! ca!dral4 ,! radiance ( ! sc5e 9 :i* ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 is laid1 rem9ds "o ( no?+ less ?an a gorge\s gold5 sunset1 :i* gr[s m mell[ t[>ds ev5+ :5 ! light is l[4 ,9 ! *oir ( ,s4 ,jacques !re are no less ?an five tall ?ree-light w9d[s1 by no means s impressive z ! glass at ! ca!dral1 b probably only less wor?y ( /udy because !y h suff]$ m re/oration4 ,! sev5 long two-light w9d[s at ,s4 ,m>t91 ?\gh less well-kn[n1 are at lea/ z good z ^!4 ,9 mo/ ( !m may be se5 ! decorative use ( h]aldry z a framework to figure subjects1 *>act]i/ic ( ,g]man & ,flemi% "w4 ,v mu* ( ?is "* is ! glass f ,h]k5rode1 :i* n[ occupies ! sev5 ea/]nmo/ w9d[s ( ! ,lady ,*apel 9 ,li*field ,ca!dral4 ,!y are pictorial1 b ! pictures are glass pictures1 dep5d+ ^u col\r = _! effect2 & !y are really admirable specim5s ( ! m glass-l mann] ( ! ,e>ly ,flemi% ,r5aissance4 ,!re is 9 ! ?ree w9d[s at ! ,ea/ end ( ,hanov] ,squ>e ,*ur*1 ,london1 "s equally admirable glass1 :i* mu/ once h belong$ to a f9e ,jesse w9d[2 b x has suff]$ too mu* 9 its adaptation to its pres5t position to be ( great int]e/ to any b ^? :o "k some?+ ab\t glass4 ,all ?is "w is 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! n mu* lat] ,flemi% glass at ,brussels--! two great transept w9d[s1 & ^? 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,holy ,sacram5t at ,s4 ,gudule1 to :i* ref]5ce is made at l5g? 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,!y are w9d[s :i* mu/ be se54 ,!y are at once ! types1 & ! be/ examples1 ( ! glass pa9t]'s new dep>ture 9 ! direction ( light & %ade4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! l>ge ,ea/ w9d[ at ,s4 ,m>g>et's1 ,we/m9/] 7,dut*1 x is said1 ( ab\t ! same date71 has n ! *>m ( ! p]iod1 & mu/ n be tak5 to repres5t x fairly4 ,! brilliant a*ievem5ts ( ,william ( ,m>seilles at ,arezzo1 & ! extraord9>ily ri* w9d[s 9 ! ,duomo at ,flor5ce1 h be5 discuss$ at "s l5g? 7pages #bdh1 #bfh74 ,!y %\ld be se5 by any "o pret5d+ to "s acqua9tance ) :at has be5 done 9 glass4 ,o!r ,flor5t9e w9d[s wor?y ( m5tion are1 ! ,we/]n ,rose at ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 & ! great r\nd w9d[ ov] ! ,we/ door at ,s4 ,croce1 ascrib$ to ,ghib]ti4 ,! transept w9d[ 9 ,,ss4 ,giovanni e ,paolo at ,v5ice does n come up to its reputation4 ,x is 9 a mis]able condition1 & z to its au?or%ip 7:5ce its reputation71 y h only to comp>e x ) ! ,s4 ,augu/9e picture1 :i* hangs close by1 to see t x is n by ! same h&4 ,"o ( ! multitud9\s ,viv>9i may v likely h _h a h& 9 x1 b c]ta9ly n ,b>tolomeo4 ,8 mann]1 ev5 9 8 pictures1 0 m re/ra9$ ?an t4 ,!re are a numb] ( f9e w9d[s 9 ! nave ( ,milan ,ca!dral1 two at lea/ 9 :i* ! composition ( r$ & blue is a joy to see4 ,e>li] ,italian glass is ( less importance2 ! w9d[s at ,assisi1 = example1 are int]e/+ r ?an rem>kable4 ,!y %[ a di/9ctly ,italian r5d]+ ( ,go?ic1 :i* is ( c\rse n q ,go?ic2 b to ! design] !y indicate trials 9 design1 :i* might possibly ) advantage be c>ri$ f>!r4 ,illu/ration3 #bed4 ,,rais+ ,,( ,,laz>us1 ,,arezzo4 ,by f> ! mo/ compreh5sive s]ies ( ,r5aissance w9d[s 9 ?is c\ntry is 9 ,k+'s ,college ,*apel1 ,cambridge4 ,9 ! matt] ( dignity & dep? ( col\r1 ! small am\nt ( r e>li] glass 9 ! out] *apel holds its own2 b ! ?+ to see1 ( c\rse1 is ! array ( w9d[s1 tw5ty-?ree ( !m1 all ( great size1 )9 ! *oir scre54 ,x flatt]s national vanity1 ?\gh x may n %[ great critical acum51 to ascribe !m to ,engli% h&s4 ,evid5tly _m h&s 7 employ$1 "s mu* m exp]t ?an o!rs4 ,x seems !re is docum5t>y evid5ce to %[ t ! contracts = !m 7#aeaf-aebf7 7 und]tak5 by ,engli%m54 ,v possibly !y 7 execut$ 9 ,engl&1 & ev51 z x is said !y 71 9 ,london4 ,t !y 7 n pa9t$ by ! m5 :o drew !m1 or ev5 by pa9t]s 9 t\* ) ! draughtsm51 is indicat$ by su* accid5ts z ! yell[-hair$1 :ite-fac$ negro1 ( pron\nc$ ,african type1 among ! ador+ ,magi4 ,x is z cle> t ! pa9t] _h nev] se5 a black man z t ! draughtsman _h drawn 8 ,gasp> f ! life4 ,c]ta9 ( ! accessory scroll-be>+ figures1 :i* keep1 z x 71 ornam5tal gu>d betwe5 ! pictures1 might possibly h be5 design$ by ,holbe91 :o is report$ to h _h a h& 9 ! s*eme2 b !y are at lea/ z likely to be ! h&iwork ( m5 unkn[n to fame4 ,b1 no matt] :o design$ ! glass1 x is on a gr& scale1 & l>gely design$4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 a model ( ! fit treatm5t ( glass1 ?\gh x belongs to ! second qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,= ! design]s h be5 m ?an half afraid to use lead+ en\gh to b9d ! glass well toge!r1 & h be5 at q unnecess>y pa9s to d )\t lead l9es4 ,! w9d[s v>y1 too1 9 m]it2 & !y be> evid5ce1 if only 9 ! repetition ( sundry /ock figures1 ( ha/e 9 production4 ,/ill1 !y h f9e qualities ( design & col\r1 & !y are1 on ! :ole1 glass-l z well z delightful pictures4 ,we h no?+ to comp>e ) !m 9 _! way4 ,to see h[ f> pictorial glass pa9t+ c be c>ri$1 g to ,holl&4 ,no degree ( famili>ity ) old glass q prep>es "o = ! k9d ( ?+ :i* has made ! humdrum m>ket t[n ( ,g\da fam\s4 ,imag9e a big1 b>e1 empty *ur* ) "s ?irty or m huge w9d[s1 mo/ly ( six lights1 seldom less ?an five-&-tw5ty feet 9 height1 all fill$ ) great glass pictures1 "s ( !m fill+ ! :ole w9d[1 & design$ to sugge/ t y see ! sc5e ?r\gh ! w9d[ ar*4 ,!y d n1 ( c\rse1 q give t impression1 b x is m>vell\s h[ ne> !y g to do+ x4 ,no wond] ! pa9t]s h won ! applause due to _! d>+ no less ?an to :at !y h done4 ,any "o appreciat+ ! qualities ( glass1 & realis+ :at c be/ be done 9 x1 is dispos$ at fir/ to res5t ! popul>ity ( ?is sc5e-pa9t+ 9 glass2--"o measures a "w naturally by ! /&>d ( its fame2--b a workman's v appreciation ( te*nique mu/1 9 ! end1 comm5d to him ?is ma/]ly glass pa9t+4 ,= ! ,crabe? ,bro!rs1 _! pupils1 & coadjutors1 7 n only arti/s ( wond]ful capacity1 d>+ :at only great arti/s c d>e1 b !y _h ! =tune to live at a "t :5 ! traditions ( _! art _h n yet be5 ca/ to ! w9ds4 ,?\gh work+ dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 !y 7 ! direct desc5dants ( ! m5 :o _h rais$ glass pa9t+ to ! po9t ( p]fection1 & !y inh]it$ f _! =be>s mu* t !y c\ld n unle>n4 ,ambiti\s z !y might be1 & impati5t ( re/ra9t1 !y c\ld n q emancipate !mselves f ! prejudices 9 :i* !y 7 br\ght up4 ,m ?an a sp>k ( ! old fire lay sm\ld]+ /ill 9 ! kiln ( ! glass pa9t]1 & x fl>$ up at ,g\da1 brilliantly illum9at+ ! decl9+ ye>s ( ! c5tury1 & ( ! art :i* may be said to h flick]$ out aft] t4 ,?is la/ expir+ ef=t 9 glass pa9t+ c\nts = m1 9 t x is ! do+ n only ( /rong m5 b ( m5 :o knew _! trade4 ,x is extremely int]e/+ to trace ! "w ( ! individual arti/s employ$2 :i* a little book publi%$ at ,g\da1 & translat$ into mo/ amus+ ,engli%1 enables "o to d4 ,dirk ,crabe?'s "w is pre-em95t = dignity ( design1 8 figures are well compos$1 & 8 col\r is ri*2 al?\gh 9 ! r5d]+ ( ar*itectural int]iors he falls into ! mud1 t is to say1 into ! prevail+ ,ne!rl&i% opacity ( pa9t4 ,8 bro!r ,walt] has n su* a heavy h&2 he excels 9 ar*itectural di/ance1 z ,dirk does 9 l&scape2 & 8 "w is g5]ally bright & sp>kl+1 n s /rong z 8 bro!r's1 b m delicate4 ,_! pupils1 too1 d !m cr$it1 ?\gh !y lack ta/e4 ,among ! o!r m or less kn[n arti/s :o took "p 9 ! glass1 ,lambre*t van ,ort di/+ui%es himself 9 canopy "w1 z a pa9t]-ar*itect might be expect$ to d2 ,adrian de ,vrije & ,n4 ,johnson delight also 9 ar*itecture1 ,wilhelmus ,tibault & ,cornelius ,clok 9 l&scape4 ,clok & ,tibault compete 9 col\r ) ! ,crabe?s1 & g beyond !m 9 orig9ality4 ,description ( ?is unrivall$ collection ( lat] ,dut* glass pa9t+1 except on ! spot1 is z hopeless z x w\ld be dull4 ,! w9d[s mu/ be se54 ,! m5 7 arti/s & craftsm51 & _! "w is truly wond]ful4 ,:o %all attempt :at ^! m5 fail$ to d8 ,t is ! moral ( x4 ,illu/ration3 #bee4 ,,! ,,virg91 ,s4 ,,m>t9-,s-,,vignes1 ,,troyes4 ,! only o!r place :]e lat] glass is ( suffici5t wor? to make x wor? see+1 ! only place :]e ,sev5te5? c5tury "w ar\ses mu* int]e/1 is ,troyes4 ,!re is a quantity ( x 9 ! *ur*es ( ,s4 ,nizi]1 ,s4 ,pantaleon1 & 9 ! ca!dral1 attribut$1 = ! mo/ "p1 to ,l9>d ,gonti]1 :o is c]ta9ly responsible = "s ( ! be/ ( x4 ,b x is 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>t9-s-,vignes1 9 ! outskirts ( ! t[n1 t x is to be appreciat$ en masse4 ,!re y may see "s hundr$ & t5 lights 9 all1 execut$ dur+ ! fir/ =ty ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is is ! place to /udy ! decl9e & fall ( glass pa9t+--a melan*oly sort ( satisfaction4 ,"h m ?or\ghly ?an ev] mu/ be realis$ h[ hopeless x is to evade 9 glass ! glazi]'s "p ( ! bus9ess2 h[ p[]less enamel is to produce effect2 h[ weak1 poor1 lack+ 9 limpidity & lu/re1 its col\r is--& ?is ev5 9 ! h&s ( an arti/ born1 "o may say1 aft] 8 "t4 ,gon?i] 0 an incomp>able glass pa9t]4 ,he c\ld produce ) a wa% ( pigm5t effects :i* less] m5 c\ld only get by labori\s /ippl+ & scrat*+2 he c\ld float enamel on to glass ) a dext]ity :i* enabl$ him to get some?+ l col\r 9 x2 b he 0 n a col\ri/1 nor yet1 probably1 a design]4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! "w attribut$ to him1 & ! /yle ( 8 design 7:i* is sometimes t ( an e>li] & bett] day7 lead "o r to suppose t he adapt$ or adopt$ ! designs ( 8 pr$ecessors z suit$ 8 conv5i5ce4 ,to see :at glass pa9t+ came to 9 ! eighte5? c5tury y _c d bett] ?an g to ,ox=d4 ,y h !re ! design ( no less a man ?an ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 pa9t$ by "o ( ! be/ *9a pa9t]s ( 8 day4 ,none b a *9a pa9t]1 by ! way1 c\ld be f\nd to d x4 ,x is n unfair1 !re=e1 to comp>e ?is ma/]piece ( its poor p]iod ) ! rude "w ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 done by no "o kn[s :om4 ,& :at d we f9d8 ,conspicu\s be=e u is ! great ,we/ w9d[1 :i* might z well h be5 pa9t$ on l951 s little ( ! transluc5cy ( glass is !re left 9 x4 ,x 9 no way less5s ! cr$it ( ! great portrait pa9t] t he knew no?+ ( ! capacities ( glass2 t 0 n 8 mti]4 ,& !re 0 no "o to advise him wisely 9 ! matt]4 ,b ! result is disa/r\s4 ,! beauty ( 8 draw+--& !re is *>m at lea/ 9 ! figures ( ! ,virtues--c\nts = little1 z comp>$ ) ! dulness ( x all4 ,x has nei!r ! col\r ( mosaic glass nor ! sp>kle ( grisaille4 ,! :ite is obscur$ by masses ( heavy pa9t1 :i*1 :5 ! sun %9es v brightly beh9d x1 k9dles at be/ into a foxy-br[n2 & ev5 ?is is 9 dang] ( peel+ (f1 & %[+ ! pov]ty ( ! glass x 0 meant to enri*4 ,any pictorial effect x might h _h is ru9$ by ! leads & b>s1 :i* ass]t !mselves 9 ! mo/ uncompromis+ mann]4 ,9 %ort1 ! qualities ( oil pa9t+ aim$ at are altoge!r miss$1 & ! facilities :i* glass (f]$ are n s mu* z s\ght4 ,x is no h>d%ip to turn y\r back ^u su* poor /uff4 ,& !re1 high up on ! o!r side1 are sev5 great ,go?ic w9d[s4 ,^! are by no means ( ! be/ p]iod4 ,! design consi/s l>gely ( canopy "w1 nev] pr(\ndly int]e/+2 ! figures are1 at ! be/1 rudely drawn2 "s ( !m are ev5 grotesquely awkw>d4 ,_! heads are too l>ge by half1 _! h&s & feet flatt5$ out 9 ! famili>1 *ildi%1 m$ival way4 ,9 all ! sixty-f\r figures !re is n "o t c be call$ beautiful4 ,yet = all t1 !re is a dignity 9 !m :i* ! graceful ,virtues lack4 ,!y are design$1 moreov]1 ) a l>ge s5se ( decoration4 ,! balance ( :ite & col\r is j p]fect1 & ! way ! pat*es ( deep col\r are emb$d$1 z x 71 9 grisaille1 is skilful 9 ! extreme4 ,to comp>e !m ) ! futile ef=t ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 opposite1 is to appreh5d :at c be done 9 glass1 & :at _c4 ,! :ole secret ( ! success ( ! m]e craftsman :]e ! great pa9t] fail$1 is t he knew :at to seek 9 glass1--col\r1 brilliancy1 decorative bread?4 ,he n only knew :at to d1 b h[ to d x2 & he did x 9 ! manlie/ & mo/ /raight=w>d way4 ,rude ?\gh ! "w1 x fits its place1 fulfils its function1 adorns ! ar*itecture1 gives gr&eur to x4 ,:at m c y ask8 ,dome/ic glass1 su* z t 9 :i* ! ,swiss excell$ 7w9d[ panes1 _m ( !m1 r ?an w9d[s71 is be/ /udi$ 9 museums1 :i!r mo/ ( x has drift$4 ,!re is no national collection )\t good examples4 ,bett] or m accessible x w\ld be difficult to f9d ?an ^? 9 ! quiet little museum at ,luc]ne--s quiet t1 if y sp5d a morn+ !re1 /udy+ !m1 y become y\rself1 by reason ( y\r long /ay1 an object ( int]e/4 ,s little att5tion d ^! ma/]pieces 9 m9iature glass pa9t+ attract1 t ! gu>dians d n expect any "o to give !m m ?an a pass+ glance2 b !y leave y1 happily1 q free to pursue y\r h>mless1 if inexplicable1 b5t4 ,! li/ ( w9d[s wor? see+ is by no means exhau/$4 ,9 _m a t[n1 z at ,york1 ,t\rs1 ,troyes1 ,evreux1 ,b\rges1 ,r\51 ,nuremb]g1 ,cologne1 & 9 _m a s+le *ur*1 y may f9d ! :ole c\rse ( glass pa9t+1 f ! ?irte5? to ! sixte5? c5tury1 m or less completely illu/rat$2 &1 :]e t is s1 ( c\rse "o p]iod ?r[s light ^u ano!r4 ,b ! impression is always /rong] :5 ! c5tury has left its m>k ^u ! *ur*4 ,n until y h a cle> idea ( ! *>act]i/ics ( /yle1 c y sort out = y\rself ! v>i\s specim5s1 :i* occur 9 any?+ b hi/oric sequ5ce 9 ! *ur*es :]e !y are to be f\nd4 ,hav+ arriv$ at und]/&+ en\gh to d t1 y w ne$ no fur!r guidance1 & may g a-hunt+ = y\rself4 ,to ! glass hunt] !re are almo/ ev]y:]e w9d[s wor? see+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,a ,,^w ,,on ,,re/oration4 ,if old w9d[s h suff]$ at ! h&s ( "t1 !y h also ga9$1 ap>t f s5tim5t1 a tone & quality :i* ! glass _h n :5 x 0 new4 ,_! ar*-enemy is ! re/or]1 at ^: h&s !y h suff]$ cruel & irrep>able wrong4 ,he is ! ?ief :o has robb$ s mu* old glass ( its glory1 & a mo/ imp5it5t "o3 !re are times :5 any "o :o c>es = glass c\ld f9d x 9 8 he>t to wi% he 7 crucifi$4 ,s gre$y is he ( "w1 if n ( ga91 t re/oration _c safely be left ev5 to ! mo/ le>n$ ( m52 to him1 p]haps1 c x lea/ ( all be entru/$4 ,! twelf? c5tury w9d[s at ,s4 ,d5is %\ld be among ! mo/ int]e/+ extant4 ,!y are ru9$ by re/oration4 ,! beauty :i* !y may h _h1 :i* !y mu/ h _h1 is wip$ out2 &1 = purposes ( /udy1 !y are ( use only to ^? :o h opportunity & leisure to f]ret out :at is g5u9e amid/ ! %am4 ,! ,s4 ,*apelle is cit$ z a triumph ( re/oration1 an object lesson1 9 :i* we may see a ?irte5? c5tury *apel ) its glass z x appe>$ :5 fir/ x 0 built4 ,if t is s1 !n "t has inde$ be5 k9d] ev5 ?an "o _h ?\ght4 ,no less an au?ority ?an ,mr4 ,rusk9 79 a lett] to ,mr4 ,e4 ,s4 ,dallas1 publi%$ 9 ! ,a!num7 praises ! new "w !re1 & says he _c di/+ui% x f ! old4 ,!re is at lea/ a w9d[ & a half 7"p ( ! ,ea/ w9d[1 & ! "o to ! left ( t7 9 :i*1 at all ev5ts1 ! old is easily di/+ui%able f ! new4 ,b if ! new is n m obvi\s ?r\gh\t1 t is n because ! new is s good1 b because ! old has be5 s re/or$ t x is unrecognisable--z good z new1 9 fact1 & no bett]4 ,! old glass is s sm>t5$ up1 s wat]$ d[n ) mod]n1 t x gives "o r a poor idea ( unspoil$ ?irte5? c5tury "w4 ,a m adequate impression ( :at x mu/ h be51 may be ga9$ f ! few panels ( x1 comp>atively unhurt by re/oration1 n[ 9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,! /ory ( de/ruction repeats itself :]ev] ! re/or] has _h 8 way4 ,sometimes he has actually ins]t$ new mat]ial if only ! old 0 crack$1 obscur$1 corrod$2 & has effac$ ! v qualities :i* come ( age & accid5t4 ,sometimes he has indulg$ 9 a br&-new backgr\nd4 ,!re1 at lea/1 x seem$ to 8 ignorance1 he might safely sub/itute nice1 new1 ev5-t9t$1 well-made glass = /reaky1 speckl$1 r\gh1 me*anically imp]fect mat]ial4 ,inv>iably he has ?9n$ ! effect ( col\r by dilut+ ! old glass ) new4 ,_m q poor new-look+ w9d[s1 spick & span f ! re/or] 7^?1 = example1 at ! ,ea/ end ( ,milan ,ca!dral71 turn out to conta9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( old "w1 good p]haps1 lo/ 9 g>i% mod]n manufacture4 ,at ,notre ,dame1 at ,p>is1 ! consid]able rema9s ( ,e>ly & ,e>ly ,decorat$ glass g = v little4 ,"o has to pick !m out f among mod]n "w design$ to deceive4 ,c]ta9 w9d[s at ,mantes h suff]$ su* ?or\gh re/oration t "o beg9s to wond] if !y are n altoge!r new2 & y h precisely ! same d\bt at ,limoges & at scores ( o!r places4 ,at ,lyons an ,e>ly ,rose has be5 made peculi>ly hide\s by re/oration4 ,mu* ( ! h>% purple 9 ,e>ly ,fr5* mosaic is surely due to ! admixture ( crude new glass4 ,x is ne$less to multiply examples2 !y w occur to e "o4 ,all ?is old "w swamp$ 9 mod]n imitation goes inevitably = n\ght4 ,if ! new is good x puzzles & p]plexes "o2 if bad1 "o c see no?+ else4 ,:at is crude kills :at is subdu$4 ,x is z if "o li/5$ = a t5d] ^w at p>t+1 & x 0 dr[n$ 9 ! scree* ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,e>ly glass 0 s me*anically imp]fect1 & age has s r\gh5$ & pitt$ x1 t its col\r has1 almo/ ( necessity1 a quality :i* new "w has n2 & "o is dispos$1 p]haps too ha/ily1 to ascribe all g>i% glass 9 old w9d[s to ! re/or]4 ,_m a "t1 h[ev]1 ! new "w convicts itself4 ,at ,/rassburg x is q easily detect$4 ,y may *eck y\r judgm5t 9 ?is respect by survey+ ! w9d[s f ! re>4 ,x is a v good plan to preface ! /udy ( old "w by exam9+ x f ! *ur*y>d1 ! /reet1 ! close1 or 9 ! case ( a big *ur* f its out] gall]ies4 ,! surface expos$ to ! wea!r1 ) ! light ^u x1 expla9s (t5 at a glance :at w\ld else be unacc\ntable4 ,a vile habit ( ! re/or] is to smudge ov] 8 glass ) dirty pa9t1 p]haps burnt 91 p]haps m]ely 9 v>ni% col\r2 ?is he t]ms antiquat+4 ,! worse ! new "w add$ to ! old1 ! m ?or\ghly x spoils x2 ! bett] ! =g]y1 ! m s]i\s ! d\bt x ?r[s ^u :at may be g5u9e4 ,! mod]n ideal ( re/oration is ?or\ghly vici\s4 ,all t c be done is m5d+2 & x %\ld be an axiom ) ! repair]1 t1 :]e glass 7h[ev] brok57 c possibly be made safe by lead jo9ts1 no new piece ( glass %\ld ev] be ins]t$ 9 its place4 ,bett] any disfigurem5t by leads ?an ! lea/ adult]ation ( old "w4 ,x is absurd to set good old "w 9 ! mid/ ( inf]ior reproduction ( x1 z ! common practice is1 m especially 9 ! case ( ,e>ly "w4 ,e bungl] has ?\ght himself equal to ! task ( re/or+ ?irte5? c5tury glass4 ,x 0 rudely drawn & r\ghly pa9t$4 ,:at c\ld be easi] ?an to repeat details ( ornam5t1 or ev5 to make up bogus old subjects1 & s complete ! w9d[8 ,to pa9t figures any?+ l ^? 9 ! picture w9d[s ( ! sixte5? c5tury 0 obvi\sly n s easy1 & ! difficulty has act$ z a det]r5t4 ,:]e x has n1 ! discrepancy betwe5 old & new is usually unmi/akable4 ,m5 l ,m4 ,capronni]1 h[ev]1 h sometimes put excell5t workman%ip into _! re/oration ( ,r5aissance "w1 to be detect$ only by a c]ta9 air ( mod]nity1 :i* happily has crept into x1 9 spite ( ! re/or]4 ,b 0 x n he :o flatt5$ ! grey-blue backgr\nd to ! transept w9d[s at ,s4 ,gudule8 ,! f9e w9d[ at ,s4 ,g]vais1 ,p>is1 ) ! ,judgm5t ( ,solomon1 has lo/ mu* ( its *>m 9 re/oration4 ,to comp>e x ) ! two lights 9 ! w9d[ to ! "r ( x1 is to see h[ mu* ( ! quality ( old glass has be5 re/or$ away4 ,t quality may be due 9 "p to age & decay4 ,:at !n8 ,beauty is beauty2 & if x comes ( decay 7:i* we _c h9d]71 let u at lea/ enjoy ! beauty ( decay4 ,x has be5 prov$ at ,/rassburg t ?irte5? or ev5 twelf? c5tury "w may be q h>moni\sly work$ into f\rte5? c5tury w9d[s4 ,& ev5 9 ! sixte5? c5tury !re 7 arti/s :o manag$ to adapt q ,e>ly mosaic glass to ,r5aissance w9d[s1 9 :i* abundant /a91 & ev5 enamel1 0 us$4 ,! effect may be p]plex+1 b x does n deceive4 ,:y w n a man frankly tell u :at is new 9 8 "w8 ,!n we c\ld appreciate :at he _h done4 ,b x is only once 9 a :ile t he takes y into 8 confid5ce4 ,?is happ5s1 by way ( exception1 9 a w9d[ at ,s4 ,m>y's ,r$cliffe1 ,bri/ol1 9 ! case ( "s figure "w on qu>ry backgr\nds1 9 :i* ! new "w is all ( cle> unpa9t$ :ite or col\r$ glass1 b s judici\sly *os5 t y d n at fir/ p]ceive ! pat*+4 ,! effect is absolutely h>moni\s2 & :5 y beg9 to /udy ! glass1 y d s )\t any fe> t imposition is be+ practis$ ^u y4 ,:]e ! pa9t+ has 9 p>ts be5 made good1 !re is always t fe>1 z1 = example1 at ,s4 ,m>y's ,hall1 ,cov5try3 ! w9d[s h be5 re/or$ ) great ta/e2 b "o _c always be q sure z to :at is mod]n4 ,! m]e/ jumble ( old glass1 m especially if x be all ( "o p]iod or quality1 is f> bett] ?an :at is call$ re/oration4 ,:o does n call to m9d w9d[ aft] w9d[ 9 :i* ! glass is s mix$ z to be q mean+less1 & is yet1 = all t1 beautiful8 ,! ,we/]n ,rose at ,reims is an un9telligible jumble ma9ly ( blue & gre54 ,x may n be design1 b x is magnific5t4 ,aga91 ! ,we/]n lights at ,aux]re1 9 great "p pat*work1 are simply glori\s :5 ! aft]noon sun %9es ?r\gh4 ,at ! ,ea/ end ( ,w9*e/] ,ca!dral is a sev5-light w9d[1 reckon$ by ,w9/on to be "o ( ! f9e/ ( a f9e p]iod4 ,at ! ,we/ end is an enorm\s w9d[1 :i* seems to be a m]e m$ley ( odds & ends4 ,on exam9ation y c trace 9 p]haps twelve out ( =ty-f\r lights ( ?is la/ ! outl9e ( canopy-"w1 & 9 two or ?ree t ( ! figure "u x2 b = ! re/1 c]ta9ly 9 ! two l[] ti]s 7:i* are be/ se571 x is m]e pat*work1 includ+ "s q crude blue1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( common cle> :ite %eet4 ,! effect1 :5 y exam9e x closely1 is any?+ b pleas+4 ,b z y /& ne> ! *oir scre5 on a n v bright morn+1 & look f "o w9d[ to ! o!r1 ! effect is j ! opposite ( :at might h be5 expect$4 ,= ! really f9e ,ea/ w9d[ has be5 re/or$2 &1 :e!r to pres]ve x or to br+ old "w & new into uni=mity1 x has be5 scre5$ ) %eets ( p]=at$ z9c6 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! really consid]able am\nt ( crude :ite & col\r ) :i* ! ,we/ w9d[ has be5 bot*$ is1 s to speak1 swall[$ up 9 silv]y radiance4 ,probably x helps ev5 to give x quality2 anyway1 ! effect is delightful4 ,inde$1 x recalls ! impression ( ! ,five ,si/]s at ,york1 or sugge/s "s mon/] cobweb 9 :i* ! light is caught4 ,beauty1 =bid t any busybody %\ld re/ore x6 ,at ,poiti]s 7,s4 ,radegonde7 is a grisaille w9d[ ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 all pat*$1 defac$1 undeciph]able--m5d$ only ) ?ick bulb\s bits ( gre5-:ite glass--:i* is q all "o c\ld desire 9 ! way ( decoration4 ,illu/ration3 #bef4 ,a ,,re/oration ,,at ,,ang]s4 ,9 v _m *ur*es !re rema9 fragm5ts ( old glass 9 /ray trac]y op5+s1 n en\gh to produce effect4 ,! "q has be5 :at to d ) !m4 ,a common practice is to use up su* scraps 9 ! =m ( bord]+ to common :ite qu>ry glass4 ,t is q a futile ?+ to d4 ,! effect ( sett+ old glass amid/ pla9 :ite is to put out its col\r2 & ?is1 n only 9 ! case ( deep-col\r$ glass1 b equally ( ,e>ly grisaille2 :i* :5 fram$ 9 cle> glass1 looks m]ely dirty4 ,! mo/ beautiful & sp>kl+ ( ?irte5? c5tury glass s fram$ w\ld be degrad$4 ,at ,ang]s are "s w9d[s consi/+ ( a mosaic ( scraps work$ up into patt]n 7be=e ! days ( re/oration z we "k x72 & ! m]e introduction amid/ x ( a /rapwork ( ?9 :ite %eet 7above7 is en\gh to take f x all *>m ( col\r1 all quality ( old glass4 ,mass$ all toge!r 9 "o w9d[1 )\t su* adult]ation1 ! mo/ miscellane\s collection ( *ips makes usually col\r4 ,9 ! h&s ( a col\ri/ x w\ld be c]ta9 to d s4 ,:at if x be confus$8 ,my/]y is1 at all ev5ts1 "o elem5t ( *>m1 & ev5 ( beauty4 ,illu/ration3 #beg4 ,s4 ,,jean-,,aux-,,bois4 ,x is n beyond ! b\nds ( possibility to m>ry old "w ) new2 b ! union is r>ely happy4 ,x wants1 9 ! fir/ place1 good mod]n glass4 ,fur!r ?an t1 x wants an arti/1 & "o :o has m c>e = old "w ?an = 8 own4 ,!re is "s satisfactory ek+ out old glass ) new at ,evreux1 :]e a numb] ( small subjects1 _m ( !m old1 are fram$ 9 grisaille1 9 great "p new1 9 a v +5i\s way4 ,at ,mun/] is a w9d[ 9 :i* little trac]y lights 7y c tell t by _! %apes7 are us$ z po9ts ( int]e/ 9 a mod]n composition--) a result1 only less happy ?an :]e1 at ,s4 ,m>y's ,r$cliffe1 a w9d[ is made up almo/ entirely ( old glass1 v mu* ( "o p]iod1 ! m fragm5t>y rema9s =m+ a sort ( brok5 mosaic backgr\nd to circul> m$allions1 heads1 & o!r important pieces1 arrang$ m or less patt]n-wise ^u x4 ,old glass mu/ ne$s be m5d$ sometimes1 pat*$ p]haps2 new may h to be add$ to x2 x has ev5 to be adapt$ on occasion to a new w9d[1 ) or )\t ! admixture ( new2 b none ( ?is is re/oration ( ! glass 9 ! mod]n s5se4 ,t implies re/or+ x to :at once x 0--:i* is1 on ! face ( x1 absurd4 ,! effect ( w9d[s made up 7z at ,s4 ,jean-aux-,bois1 page #dji7 ( segm5ts ( two or ?ree old w9d[s satisfies ! arti/ic s5se p]fectly4 ,:at ! re/or] does is to take ea* patt]n he f9ds 9 x = :at he calls au?ority1 & to make two or ?ree w9d[s1 all ( :i* h mu* m ! appe>ance ( mod]n =g]ies 7:i* 9 great "p !y are7 ?an ( old "w4 ,! antiquation ( ! new glass 9 !m deceives none b ! mo/ ignorant2 b x does ?r[ d\bt ^u ! g5u95ess ( ! old "w f\nd 9 su* v bad company4 ,if !re rema9 en\gh old glass to make a w9d[1 let x be judici\sly repair$2 if !re be n en\gh = t1 let x be pi\sly pres]v$1 be/ ( all1 9 a museum1 :]e ^? :o c>e = su* scraps may see x3 scatt]$ ab\t 9 /ray w9d[s 9 out-(-!-way *ur*es !y are practically unse54 ,bett] ?an :at is call$ re/oration1 ! brutality ( ! mason :o pla/]s up gaps 9 ! cl]e/ory w9d[s ( great *ur*es ) mort>1 or ! plumb]'s pat* ( z9c1 :i* tempor>ily at lea/ keeps out ! wea!r & ! crude :ite light1 leav+ u 9 full enjoym5t ( ! col\r & effect ( old glass4 ,h[ grateful we are :5 x is only cobbl$1 & n re/or$4 ,re/oration is a ^w to make ! arti/ %udd]4 ,9 a w9d[ at ,au*1 repres5t+ ! ,ris5 ,*ri/1 )1 on ! "o side1 ! d\bt+ ,?omas1 & on ! o!r ! ,magdal5e1 ! cu/om>y inscription1 ,noli me tang]e1 is foll[$ 79 lett]s ( precisely ! same "*7 by ! signature ( ! arti/1 ,arnaut de ,moles4 ,x is ! rev]5d ,abb responsible = ! au?oris$ description ( ! *ur*1 :o sugge/s t x may h be5 ) int5tion he sign$ 8 "n j !re4 ,he has come (f1 z x happ5s1 v mu* bett] at ! h&s ( ! re/or] ?an mo/ m54 ,_h x be5 possible = him to =esee :at n9ete5? c5tury re/oration meant1 well might he h writt5 ov] 8 signature ,leave me alone6 ,,index4 7,! ord9>y figures ref] to ! numb]s ( ! illu/rations1 & ^? 9 black type to ! pages ( ! book47 ,,abrasion1 #fj1 #fb ,,aix-,,la-,,*apelle1 #ad ,,alaba/] w9d[s1 #chj1 #cha ,,al5,,on1 #cff ,,angels1 #cge ,,ang]s1 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 #bef museum1 #afh 7,s4 ,s]ge71 #ag1 #he1 #hf ,,anneal+1 #fc ,,antw]p1 #hj1 #hb1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #beh ,,arab glass1 #ai1 #ae1 #af1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 #bc ,,ar*itecture 7due consid]ation (71 #cef ,,arezzo1 #bdh1 #da1 #dc1 #aha1 #bed ,,assisi1 #bfb1 #ec1 #agg1 #ahg ,,au*1 #bcc1 #bhj1 #cic1 #daj ,,augsburg1 #aah ,,aux]re1 #ee1 #ge1 #bbj ,,backgr\nd1 #bea 7ar*itectural71 #bji1 #baa 7l&scape71 #bji1 #baa ,,b>s1 #aja1 #aac1 #aad1 #abb1 #aeh1 #bfg1 #bge 7%ap$71 #fh1 #fi ,,beauvais1 #cgd1 #cid1 #bdg ,,bev]ley m9/]1 #gd ,,black ,,pa9t 7us$ = local col\r71 #hi ,,bologna1 #bfd1 #ahj ,,bonlieu1 #aa ,,bord]s 7,e>ly71 #aad1 #cbg 7,decorat$71 #agd-g1 #cce 7,p]p5dicul>71 #aij1 #cdd ,,b\rges1 #cib1 #gj1 #gb1 #bcd 7,s4 ,bonnet71 #bjh1 #aeg ,,brab\rne *ur*1 #af ,,bri/ol 7,s4 ,m>y's71 #djg ,,briti% ,museum1 #a ,,br\1 #cic ,,brussels 7,s4 ,gudule71 #fi1 #gi1 #hj1 #bcc1 #cie1 #db ,,bull',s-eye w9d[s1 #bfg ,,cambridge 7,k+'s ,college71 #baf1 #beg1 #cif ,,canopies 7,e>ly71 #ace1 #cac1 #ccd 7,decorat$71 #aee1 #aig1 #cac 7,italian71 #bfd1 #bfe 7,p]p5dicul>71 #ahd et seq41 #cdj 7,r5aissance71 #bje1 #bba1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #cdg ,,canopy 7! beg9n+ ( !71 #ace ,,cant]bury1 #che1 #bc1 #gc1 #gi1 #ha1 #bad ,,c>cassonne1 #cfb1 #cfi ,,c>t\*es1 #bbi ,,*,,lons1 #cic1 #ab1 #ac1 #ih1 #aba1 #abb1 #bbg ,,*antilly1 #cjc1 #afj ,,*>tres1 #add1 #chg1 #bg1 #ga1 #gf1 #ajc1 #aag1 #baf1 #bai 7,s4 ,pi]re71 #if1 #aae ,,*etwode *ur*1 #bja ,,*oice ( glass1 #fj1 #aja ,,cl]e/ory w9d[s1 #bhc ,,clok 7,cornelius7 #cii ,,coat$ glass1 #di ,,cologne1 #cib1 #adg 7,s4 ,kunib]t71 #be1 #bh1 #gg1 #bbb1 #bbc 7,s4 ,pet]71 #bdj ,,col\r 7,e>ly71 #abb1 #cbh1 #ccj 7,decorat$71 #cch 9 qu>ry w9d[s1 #bhg 7,italian71 #bfh1 #bgj 7,p]p5dicul>71 #cdf ,,con*es1 #cid ,,confus$ effect1 #db1 #acd1 #bag ,,co/a 7,lor5zo71 #bfd ,,c\tances1 #aja ,,crabe?s 7!71 #bdg1 #cii ,,cutt+1 #h 7economy (71 #be ,,da ,,ud9e 7,giovanni71 #cjj ,,decay1 #bai ,,decl9e ( glass pa9t+1 #hf ,,decorat$ bord]s1 #agf1 #cce canopies1 #aee1 #cac1 #ccd col\r1 #cch composition1 #ccd figure design1 #aeg1 #ccg grisaille1 #afc1 #ccg ,jesse w9d[s1 #cfc m$allion w9d[s1 #aeb qu>ries1 #bij /yle1 #ccc-cch trac]y1 #bgh ,,design 7b&$71 #afj 7,e>ly71 #cf1 #aaa1 #aab 7effect ( w9d[-%ape ^u71 #aac 7ess5tial conditions (71 #if 7,p]p5dicul>71 #ahg1 #cdj ,,detail 7ornam5tal71 #cbh ,,devils1 #cgd ,,diap] 7geometric71 #acc 7,g]man71 #aga 7pa9t$ or pick$ out71 #ce1 #cb1 #cc1 #cf1 #di1 #ef ,,donors1 #bba ,,doom w9d[s1 #cgb ,,dramatic effect1 #cgh ,,draw+1 #cdf ,,e>ly canopies1 #cac col\r1 #cbh1 #ccj design1 #cf1 #aaa1 #aab ,engli%1 #cbg figures1 _! crudity1 #da glass 7confusion 9 effect (71 #db glaz+1 #ccj grisaille1 #acg et seq41 #djh ,jesse w9d[s1 #cfb mosaic w9d[s1 #cb et seq4 ornam5t1 #dj1 #aae1 #acj rose w9d[s1 #bgc trac]y1 #bgd ,,ec\51 #cid ,,enamel1 #ab et seq41 #gg et seq41 #ii1 #bcb 7influ5ce ( ,byzant9e71 #ag 7objections to71 #hd 7use ( 9 ornam5t71 #gh ,,enamel plus ,,pot-,,metal1 #gi ,,engli% 7,e>ly71 #cbg 7,p]p5dicul>71 #aij ,,evreux1 #agf1 #agg1 #aac1 #aah1 #aij1 #aia ,,fair=d1 #cgd1 #cia1 #cd1 #adc1 #add1 #aej1 #agc1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bdh1 #bdi1 #bej1 #bec ,,fifte5? c5tury glass1 #cbb1 #cdj ,,figure-,,&-,,canopy w9d[s1 #cbf ,,figure design1 #aeg1 #ccg ,,figures 7,e>ly71 #da1 #db ,,figures & ornam5t1 #abf1 #cai ,,five ,si/]s 7!71 #adf1 #adg ,,fla%$ glass1 #di1 #ej ,,fle% t9ts1 #gg1 #ajf ,,flor5ce1 #bfd1 #bgj1 #cjj1 #agi1 #ahb1 #ahc 7,c]tosa 9 ,val d',ema71 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bdb 7,s4 ,m>ia ,novella71 #agh1 #aii ,,f\rte5? c5tury glass1 #cbb1 #ccc pa9t+1 #dg ,,freiburg1 #aje1 #abf1 #abg1 #bdd ,,fr5* glass pa9t+1 #ge m$allion w9d[s1 #abe ,,geometric diap] 7,g]man71 #aga 7mosaic71 #acc ,,g]man foliat$ patt]n w9d[s1 #agd geometric diap]1 #aga ,,glaz+1 #f1 #ae et seq41 #hj1 #hb1 #aja1 #bbi1 #bhb1 #afh 7,e>ly71 #ccj 7economy 971 #add 7+5uity 971 #ef ,,glaz+ plus ,,pa9t+1 #dc1 #dd1 #ec1 #ed 9 rectangul> panes1 #hj1 #bbe %ad[s 9 pot-metal1 #gb1 #bbd ,,gonti] 7,l9>d71 #hj1 #ha1 #bbi1 #bcj ,,go?ic influ5ce1 #bjc 7,italian71 #bfc l&scape1 #bec patt]n w9d[s1 #bia trac]y1 #bhj ,,g\da1 #bbc1 #bef1 #beh1 #cih1 #dja1 #df1 #afa1 #afb1 #afe1 #agb1 #agf ,,grisaille 7,e>ly71 #acg et seq41 #cca1 #djh ,,grisaille 7,decorat$71 #afc1 #ccg 7,p]p5dicul>71 #aib1 #cdc & col\r1 #ajf1 #abj1 #aeg ,,h]aldry1 #aih ,,hit*9 *ur*1 #ba ,,int]lac+1 #afg ,,italian canopies1 #bfe ,go?ic1 #bfc glass1 #bdh1 #bfj et seq41 #bii ,,jesse w9d[s1 #cfj et seq4 7,e>ly71 #cfb 7,decorat$71 #cfc 7,r5aissance71 #cfg ,,jewell]y 7glass relat$ to71 #ba ,,johnson 7,n471 #cii ,,kaleidoscopic effect1 #db ,,k+',s ,college1 ,cambridge1 #baf1 #beg1 #cif ,,l&scape1 #bji1 #bea1 #bef ,,la/ ,judgm5t w9d[s1 #cgb ,,late ,,go?ic patt]n w9d[s1 #bia /yle1 #cdc te*nique1 #cdf trac]y1 #bhj w9d[s1 #agh et seq4 ,,late ,,r5aissance canopies1 #bbe ,,lead l9es1 #ch outl9es1 #bc ,,lead+ 7its influ5ce on col\r71 #ci ,,leads 7contrivances = avoid+71 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 #ig 7s*em+ (71 #bg1 #bh ,,le ,,mans1 #bj1 #bah ,,li*field1 #bad1 #cie ,,li,,ge1 #bad1 #cie ,,l9coln1 #fg1 #ic1 #ie1 #ahe1 #ahi1 #aib ,,lisieux1 #afg ,,local s*ools1 #bfa ,,london 7,s4 ,george's1 ,hanov] ,squ>e71 #bad1 #aei ,,luc]ne1 #djc ,,lyons1 #bf1 #hc1 #hd1 #aec1 #ahh1 #bci ,,malv]n1 #ee1 #cg ,,_m lights 7w9d[s (71 #aea et seq4 ,,map ( a w9d[1 #h ,,m>seilles 7,william (71 #bdh ,,mat]ial & design1 #ajg ,,m$allion w9d[s1 #abc et seq41 #cbd1 #cbe 7,decorat$71 #aeb 7,fr5*71 #abe ( _m lights1 #aec ,,m$i,,val artlessness1 #cgf ,,m5d+ 7judici\s71 #djg ,,middle ,,go?ic glass1 #afb et seq4 ,,milan1 #bfc ,,misuse ( %ad+1 #fh ,,montmor5cy1 #cid1 #dj1 #aeh ,,mosaic1 #e1 #f 7m>ble & glass71 #bi diap]1 #acc ,,mullions1 #aea1 #aie1 #aig1 #aih1 #bdj1 #bgb ,,muni* museum1 #abd1 #abh1 #abi1 #aca ,,naturalism1 #ccg ,,ne$le-,,po9t "w1 #hg et seq4 ,,ne!rl&i% glass1 #gc1 #cjb ,,new dep>tures1 #aji ,,nimbus 7!71 #bjh ,,norbury1 #aad ,,nuremb]g1 #bbd1 #abe 7,s4 ,lor5z71 #afd 7,s4 ,sebald71 #afc ,,obscuration1 #fh1 #gi1 #hb ,,old "w 7! _s (71 #ceh ,,ornam5t 7a plea =71 #cag et seq4 7,e>ly71 #dj1 #aae1 #acj 7,decorat$71 #afj 7,p]p5dicul>71 #cdc 7possibilities 971 #cba 7,r5aissance71 #cdi ,,orvieto1 #chj1 #ai ,,ox=d 7,all ,s\ls' ,college71 #ce1 #ada 7,new ,college71 #agi1 #dja1 #dh1 #aji1 #acg ,,pa9t 7bru%+ out71 #fd 7e>ly use (71 #cc 7fir/ use (71 #aa ,,pa9t z local col\r1 #eg ,,pa9t$ mosaic glass1 #dc et seq4 ,,pa9t] z glass design] 7!71 #fi ,,pa9t+1 #f1 #dd1 #de1 #dg1 #ec1 #ei et seq41 #fd1 #fh1 #he1 #hi1 #ajc1 #aje1 #aij1 #baa1 #bdg1 #bfc1 #cca1 #cch1 #cdf ,,pa9t+ out1 #aa1 #cd1 #ce1 #dd1 #de1 #bgh ,,palette 7! e>ly71 #cbh ,,p>is 7,l\vre71 #bjh 7,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs71 #bdc ,,p>is 7,s4 ,eu/a*e71 #bbc 7,s4 ,g]vais71 #aff ,,patt]n w9d[s 7,g]man71 #agd 7,late ,go?ic71 #bia ,,peckitt1 #bcc ,,p]p5dicul>1 #cdj 7,engli%71 #ahh1 #aij 7,g]man71 #ahh ,,p]p5dicul> bord]s1 #cdd canopies1 #ahd1 #cdj col\r1 #cdf design1 #ahg1 #cdj detail1 #cdc draw+1 #cdf grisaille1 #cdc ornam5t1 #cdc /yle1 #cdj trac]y1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #cdc ,,pick+ out1 #ce1 #ajc ,,pictorial v]sus ,,decorative1 #bch ,,picture 7a*ievem5t 971 #bej 7! ideal glass71 #bdf ,,pictures 7a m$ley (71 #aie ,,picture-,,w9d[s1 #bcf et seq4 ,,pisa1 #bfc ,,pla9 glaz+1 #bbf1 #aff1 #afg & pa9t$ grisaille1 #aci ,,poicti]s1 #chh1 #bd1 #eh1 #ei1 #fj ,,possibilities 9 ! way ( ornam5t1 #cba ,,pot-,,metal1 #e ,,prato1 #ahd ,,qu>ries1 #adf1 #afh1 #aib1 #bhc et seq4 ,,qu>ry-,,l patt]ns1 #afi ,,qu>ry w9d[s 7col\r 971 #bhg ,,reg5sburg1 #chi1 #abc1 #abh1 #aca1 #beb ,,reims1 #ib1 #ii 7,s4 ,remi71 #aah1 #bb1 #fe1 #ff1 #bac ,,r5aissance canopies1 #bje1 #cdg 7,late71 #bbe ,,r5aissance ,jesse w9d[s1 #cfg l&scape1 #bee ornam5t1 #cdi trac]y1 #bhj-bhb1 #cdi ,,res\rces ( ! glass pa9t]1 #ie et seq4 ,,re/oration1 #djd et seq4 ,,reynolds 7,sir ,jo%ua71 #dja1 #djb ,,rose w9d[s1 #bgb et seq41 #cbf 7,e>ly71 #bgc ,,ross 7,s4 ,m>y71 #ee1 #ade1 #bcb ,,r\51 #cib1 #cid1 #de1 #aai1 #bch 7,s4 ,god>d71 #aed 7,s4 ,ou571 #bi1 #bbi 7,s4 ,patrice71 #cgg1 #cgh1 #aee 7,s4 ,v9c5t71 #cge1 #cgg1 #dd1 #aef1 #age ,,r\ndels1 #bic1 #aii ,s4 ,,d5is1 #djd ,s4 ,,jean-,,aux-,,bois1 #hg1 #hh1 #ajj1 #bbd1 #beg ,s4 ,,m9iato1 #cha ,,salisbury1 #che1 #ae1 #cj1 #fd1 #ig1 #ajb1 #bba1 #bbe1 #bea ,,scraps1 #dji ,,s5s1 #ij ,,sev5te5? c5tury glass1 #bcc1 #cbc /yle1 #ceb ,,%ad+ 7misuse (71 #fh1 #gj1 #gc1 #gi1 #hj1 #bdg 7! beg9n+ (71 #ac1 #de ,,%rewsbury1 #ch1 #ci1 #eg1 #aci1 #adb1 #aeb1 #aga1 #agd ,,silv] /a91 #eb ,,s+le-,,figure w9d[s1 #aah1 #aig ,,sixte5? c5tury glass1 #cbc1 #cdg /yle1 #cdh te*nique1 #cej w9d[s1 #bja et seq4 ,,soissons1 #hi1 #ia ,,s\? ,,k5s+ton ,museum1 #bje ,,/a91 #ej1 #eb1 #fj1 #fa1 #fb1 #aje1 #ahb1 #ccf1 #cdd ,,/anton ,s4 ,john1 #abj ,,/ori$ w9d[s1 #aie1 #bji1 #cga et seq4 ,,/rassburg1 #chh1 #acd ,,/yle1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aef1 #agg1 #agh1 #cbc 7,e>ly71 #cbd 7,decorat$71 #cce1 #cch 7,late ,go?ic71 #cdc 7,p]p5dicul>71 #cdj 7#af? c5tury71 #cdh 7#ag? c5tury71 #ceb 7! *>act]i/ics (71 #cbb et seq4 9 mod]n glass1 #ced et seq4 ,,subjects n )9 mullions1 #aih ,,subject-,,w9d[s1 #aig ,,swiss glass1 #hg1 #id1 #cjh ,,?irte5? c5tury glass1 #cbb ornam5t1 #acj ,,tibaldi 7,pellegr9o71 #bfd ,,tibault 7,wilhelmus71 #cii ,,"t ( day to see w9d[s 7!71 #chb ,,t\rs1 #cfb1 #chi ,,trac]y 7,e>ly71 #bgd 7,decorat$71 #bgh 7,go?ic71 #bhj 7,p]p5dicul>71 #cdc 7,r5aissance71 #bhj-b1 #cdi ,,trac]y lights1 #bgb et seq4 ,,transition1 #afe1 #agh1 #aha1 #ccc f ,go?ic to ,r5aissance1 #fe1 #bjb1 #bjd f pla9 glaz+ to pa9t$ grisaille1 #aci ,,tree ( ,life 7!71 #cgj ,,tri=ium w9d[s1 #bhd ,,troyes1 #cb1 #cff1 #dja1 #aab1 #adh1 #adi1 #aea1 #bbh1 #bdf 7museum71 #baa 7private collection71 #bjg 7,s4 ,jean71 #bda 7,s4 ,m>t9 s ,vignes71 #bcj1 #dg1 #afi1 #agj1 #bee 7,s4 ,urba971 #ca1 #ajh1 #aad1 #bbf ,,van ,,l+e1 #bcc ,,van ,,orley 7,b]n>d71 #fi1 #bbb1 #bde ,,van ,,ort 7,lambre*t71 #cii ,,van ,,?uld51 #bcc ,,v]ona 7,s4 ,ana/asia71 #aii ,,w>wick ,ca/le1 #ed1 #bjf1 #bji ,,wat] ,p]ry1 #id ,,wells1 #cij1 #acf1 #bca1 #bde ,,:ite & col\r 7comb9ation (71 #aic ,,:ite z a frame = col\r1 #aib1 #cae ,,:ite-,,l9e "w1 #ia ,,w9*e/]1 #djg ,,w9d[ plane 7!71 #bdb ,,w9d[ %ape 7effect (1 ^u design71 #aac1 #baa1 #bab1 #bdj ,,w9d[s 7h[ to see71 #chj et seq4 ,,w9e press 7!71 #cfh ,,workmanlik5ess1 #bdd ,,workman%ip 7,e>ly71 #ccj ,,yell[ /a91 #eb ,,york1 #adg1 #aib1 #bgg1 #chg1 #adf 7,all ,sa9ts71 #cga1 #cf ,,note--,! 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