,transcriber's ,notes3 ,variations in spelling and hyphenation have been left as in the original4 ,words in italics in the original are surrounded by underscores4 ,a row of asterisks represents a thought break4 ,the original sometimes uses two numbered columns for comparisons4 ,this text has the contents of the right column indented like a blockquote below the contents of the left column4 ,the original uses an image of a hand with a finger pointing to the right4 ,in this text1 -- represents that image4 ,,abolitionism ,,exposed6 ,,proving ,,that ,,the ,,principles ,,of ,,abolitionism ,,are ,,injurious ,,to ,,the ,,slaves ,,themselves1 ,,destructive ,,to ,,this ,,nation1 ,,and ,,contrary ,,to ,,the ,,express ,,commands ,,of ,,god2 ,,with ,,strong ,,evidence ,that some of the principal ,,champions of ,abolitionism are inveterate ,enemies to this ,country1 and are taking advantage of the ',,anti-,,slavery ,,war-,,whoop' to dissever1 and break up1 the ,,union4 ,while they promise them ,liberty1 they themselves are the ,slaves of corruption4--#b ,pet4 ii4 #ai4 ,,by ,w4 ,w4 ,,sleigh1 ,f4 ,r4 ,c4 ,s4 ,l4 ,,formerly ,,professor ,,of ,,anatomy ,,and ,,surgery1 ,,london2 ,,hon4 ,,memb4 ,r4 ,w4 ,l4 ,s4 ,i42 ,,author ,,of ,,the ,,science ,,of ,,surgery2 ,,the ,,christian',s ,,defensive ,,dictionary ,,against ,,infidelity2 c4 c4 c4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,published ,,by ,d4 ,,schneck1 ,n4 ,w4 ,,corner ,,of ,,second ,,and ,,race ,,streets4 ,stereotyped by ,j4 ,fagan4 #ahch4 ,entered according to the act of ,congress1 in the year #ahch1 by ,w4 ,w4 ,,sleigh1 in the office of the district court of the eastern district of ,pennsylvania4 ,,contents4 ,page ,,preface #d ,,chapter ,i4 ,liberty and ,slavery defined--,difference between ,words and ,things #e ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,the ,principles1 c4 of the ,leaders of ,abolitionism exhibited #af ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,the impracticability of the object of ,abolitionists demonstrated #bd ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,the ,errors of the ,quarterly ,anti-,slavery ,magazine1 for ,april1 #ahcg1 respecting the ,scriptural ,words1 servant--property--buy1 c41 briefly noticed #dc ,,chapter ,v4 ,the ,conduct and ,character of the ,southern ,slave-holder vindicated #di ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,colonization ,principles vindicated--,calumnies refuted--,the good the ,colonization ,society has already done--is doing--and the incalculable good it must do1 if duly patronized #ff ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,colonization and ,abolitionism contrasted #hh ,,appendix4 ,extract of an ,address of ,william ,lloyd ,garrison1 ,esq41 published in the ,london ,patriot1 of ,august1 #ahcc #ia ,conclusion #ib ,,preface4 ,the conflagration of the late ,pennsylvania ,hall having frustrated the contemplated discussion between some of the champions of ,abolitionism and the ,author1 he feels it a duty he owes the public1 and the best service he can render this country1 to make known1 through the medium of a ,pamphlet1 a few of the facts and arguments which he intended adducing on that occasion4 ,thus contributing his mite of information towards allaying the general excitement on this subject1 and1 if possible1 to open the eyes of those who1 through mistaken philanthropy1 have become the innocent tools of a few reckless men1 whose object1 7to put the most favourable construction on it7 may be1 while indifferent of consequences1 to render themselves conspicuous4 ,were he not convinced that the best interests of this country1 that the real interests of the coloured population1 bond and free1 and that common humanity itself1 are involved in the question of ,abolitionism1 he would not presume to obtrude himself on the notice of the ,public1 on a topic more or less now connected with politics1 from which he has hitherto carefully refrained4 ,he comes forward therefore1 while he declares himself an eternal and uncompromising enemy to all cruelty1 injustice1 tyranny1 and oppression1 not against1 but for liberty--not against1 but for the coloured man--not against1 but for humanity4 ,philadelphia1 #bhe ,race ,street4 ,may #bast1 #ahch4 ,,abolitionism ,,exposed6 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,liberty ,,and ,,slavery ,,defined4----,,difference ,,between ,,words ,,and ,,things4 ,mankind has ever been disposed to be carried away with names and words1 with the representation of things1 rather than with things themselves3 and that portion of mankind thus apt to be deceived by mere sound1 is generally the most innocent--the best--the most unsuspecting--the most charitable--these very qualities rendering them the easy victims of design and imprudence3 the history of the world proves1 not only this1 but also that demagogues are the first to fly from the commotions1 which they themselves create2 and thus leave their poor innocent victims to suffer the vengeance of an outraged and insulted community6 ,they stand their ground while the weapons used are merely words1 and rotten eggs1 c42 but when recourse is had to leaden balls1 and swords of steel1 they generally take good care to make a quick retreat1 leaving their deluded followers to have the glory of martyrdom6 ,liberty is a glorious term--so is ,christianity--but under the sacred garb of both one and the other1 the foulest deeds have been1 and may be1 perpetrated6 ,under the name of ,christianity1 the holy crusades1 in which thousands were slain1 were instituted and carried on1 by ,englishmen6 ,and under the name of ,liberty1 men1 women1 and children were1 in #agic1 slaughtered by ,frenchmen6 ,be not therefore carried away by sounds--by mere words4 ,slavery is a horrid term6 ,but why8 ,not that bondage or slavery is uncommon1 or rare2 for there are few1 very few men1 white or black1 on the face of the ,earth who are not ,,slaves6 ,he who commits sin is the slave of lust--so says the ,bible--,let ,god be true1 and every man a liar4 ,who therefore is not a slave8 ,was not ,buonaparte1 while he was the ,emperor of nearly all ,europe1 a slave to his god--ambition8 ,and is not the covetous man a slave to his idol--gold8 ,he is a freeman whom the truth makes free1 ,and all are slaves beside4 ,there's not a chain1 ,that hellish foes1 confederate for his harm1 ,can wind around him1 but he casts it off1 ,with as much ease1 as ,samson his green withes4 ,the principal reason why we abhor so much the term slavery is1 the base cruelty with which some tyrant slaveholders1 for there are wicked slaveholders as well as wicked husbands and masters1 have treated their slaves4 ,hence we are very apt to use as synonymous terms1 slavery1 cruelty1 tyranny1 and oppression4 ,moreover it is the interest of certain persons so to use these words1 for the purpose of getting more ready access to the hearts of good-natured men and women4 ,does any one really believe that a man cannot treat his slaves kindly1 tenderly1 and affectionately8 ,if any one thinks it possible1 then let not1 for the future1 the terms slavery and cruelty be inseparably united4 ,but if he thinks it impossible1 then it is evident the testimony of some thousands of disinterested1 good1 and religious men1 who have visited the ,south1 and who have most solemnly borne testimony to the kind1 tender1 and ,christian manner in which numerous slaveholders treat their slaves1 must be rejected6 ,if all this is to be rejected1 then let the doubter1 who is so charitable towards the coloured population1 exercise a little of that charity1 which rejoiceth not in iniquity1 and is without partiality1 towards his white fellow citizens1 and ere he slanders them1 or encourages those who bear false witness against them1 pay the ,south a visit1 and judge for himself1 with his own eyes1 and his own cars4 ,methinks he replies1 but ,i have it from those who themselves have witnessed it6 ,witnessed what8 ,is it that all the slaveholders in the ,south treat their slaves with cruelty and barbarity8 ,oh no1 perhaps he says1 not all1 but many of them6 ,many thanks6 ,this is fully admitted1 and much regretted2 but this exception proves the very proposition with which we started1 viz4 that slavery1 and cruelty1 ought not to be used as synonymous terms6 ,again1 fresh he is no doubt to the charge1 with the thrust1 but this fact of many of the slaveholders treating their slaves with cruelty1 shows there ought to be no slavery6 ,avast1 friend6 is the abuse of a system a just cause of condemnation8 ,do you say it is3 then the system of apprenticeship--of guardianship--of matrimony--,liberty--and ,christianity themselves1 ought to be condemned1 for they all have been abused--all have had the most cruel--tyrannical--and ,satanic acts1 committed under their names6 ,therefore1 according to the very argument by which you would have slavery condemned1 you would also have liberty1 matrimony1 and ,christianity1 banished from the earth6--,you cannot get out of the dilemma--there is no possible alternative--if slavery is to be condemned because it has been abused1 so are ,liberty and ,christianity6 ,out of thine own mouth thou art condemned6 ,a total recklessness of truth is a remarkable feature in the arguments adopted by the advocates of ,abolitionism2 while they give no credit to the statements of those differing from them6 they unblushingly assert that all slaveholders are tyrants and cruel6 ,does truth require falsehood to make it conquer8 ,ought not those preposterous misstatements open the eyes of the public to the real character1 and motive1 of those men8--,the cause of ,god they cannot be advocating1 for his cause requires not the weapons of ,satan6 ,error invariably stands in need of lies for its support4 ,that there is great cruelty in the ,south1 no one denies2 but is there no cruelty in the ,north8 ,are there no cruel1 tyrannical1 husbands and masters in ,philadelphia or in ,boston8 ,are no acts of oppression committed north of the ,chesapeake8 ,these cannot be attributed to slavery6 ,there is1 rely on it1 a deeper1 a more concealed1 a more galling slavery and bondage1 to which these evils are attributable1 even the slavery of the soul to sin and to ,satan4 ,to this one1 and the same mental slavery1 both cruelty and tyranny in the ,south1 and in the ,north1 are alike referable4 ,therefore attributing these detestable evils1 cruelty1 and tyranny1 to corporeal slavery1 is not only unphilosophical and unscriptural1 but fatally erroneous2 for it leads us to attack the effect1 and not the cause4 ,the ,author1 while listening last week to the ,abolition ,champions in the late ,pennsylvania ,hall1 was forcibly struck with the strong similarity between the mode of argument adopted by them1 and by the champions of ,infidelity in the late public discussions1 between them and him1 in ,new ,york6 ,they commenced their addresses with high-sounding words about liberty6 oppression6 tyranny1 c46 ,having by this mode 7and they know the value of it67 got ready access to the hearts of their audience1 and made a favourable impression1 so as to make the females whisper to each other1 ,oh what a fine1 good man1 that must be1 c4767 then they depicted1 in the strongest colours1 the horrors of slavery--next they issued forth a tirade of slander and abuse against all slaveholders2 and lastly they proceeded to undermine the character of every man opposed to them--the credibility of every witness bearing testimony against them--and the motives of all men1 except themselves6 ,moreover they invariably attacked the abuses of each system 7as if a system were answerable for its abuse7 holding up to public odium1 what every good man from his heart must condemn1 viz3 oppression1 tyranny1 and cruelty2 thus leaving the vast majority of the audience under the impression that it was the thing itself1 and not the abuse of it1 on which they were animadverting6 ,,liberty--there is scarcely a word in the ,english ,vocabulary so often perverted as the term liberty4--,a vast mass of mankind conceive that the meaning of the word is1 a perfect privilege and license for each and every man to do as he pleases4--,if this be the real and true meaning of liberty1 and that where this is not1 there is slavery1 then there is no liberty in the ,united ,states1 7and ,god forbid1 say ,i1 there ever should be here such liberty17 and every man1 woman1 and child in the ,union1 is a slave6 ,i doubt not this is the kind of liberty at which some of the champions of ,abolitionism1 viz4 ,fanny ,wright ,darusmont--,owen--et hoc omne genus1 are aiming6 ,but is this the liberty sanctioned by ,god8 ,no6 ,is this the liberty guaranteed by the declaration of ,independence8 ,no6 ,is this the liberty for which the ,fathers of this ,country fought and bled8 ,no6 ,no6 ,such liberty would be the most awful tyranny and oppression--,the liberty authorised by ,god1 and sanctioned by the laws of this ,country1 is1 that no man shall do aught to the injury1 prejudice1 or hurt of his neighbour--,this is the only true liberty granted by ,god to man2 yet this is the very liberty1 the advocates of ,abolitionism turn into ridicule1 and attempt to destroy1 under the plausible plea of vindicating the rights of man6 ,this was the plea of ,thomas ,paine--,this was the plea of ,robert ,owen--this is the plea of ,fanny ,wright ,darusmont--this is the plea of all the infidels on the face of the earth6 ,but1 say ,abolitionists1 the ,bible commands us1 to do unto others as we would be done by4 ,admitted4 ,this very passage was addressed by the ,infidels in their discussion with me to show the absurdity of the ,bible3 and according to the use made of it by ,abolitionists1 the argument of ,infidels would be unanswerable6 ,but will ,abolitionists stand by this rule8 ,they will not3 for if they did1 they would instantly abandon their crusade against their southern fellow citizens3 and if they will not1 then let them no longer quote that as authority1 by which they themselves will not be governed6 ,see this subject further illustrated in a subsequent chapter4 ,liberty then may be defined to be1 the privilege of doing all that is good--and nothing that is evil--,but who is to decide that which is good1 and that which is evil8 ,the ,creator of the universe--,man unassisted by revelation never was1 and never will be1 able4 ,the ,bible which contains the revealed will of ,omnipotence is that volume1 and that only1 which constitutes the umpire of good and evil#aa3;,a--,the very fact of the existence of laws in the land1 proves man is not at liberty to do as he pleases3 for1 law is a rule of action3 actions therefore must be controlled--,society demands it--,god has authorised it--,and perfect ,liberty maintains it4 ,the ,pirate boasts of liberty--preaches liberty to his comrades--and condemns all law6 ,here is a specimen of perfect liberty6 ,he may with equal propriety1 when taken prisoner1 urge the ,abolition text1 do unto others1 as you would be done by4 ,now1 if you had been a pirate1 7he would say7 and had the misfortune of having been taken prisoner1 would you not wish to be set at liberty8 ,you reply1 yes1 certainly--then he says1 the ,bible commands you to do unto others as you would be done by2 and1 as you would wish to be set at liberty1 were you in my situation1 if you regard the authority of ,god you will set me free6 ,the reader must perceive to what lengths this principle may be carried out--even to the utter destruction of all society6 ,again2 would opening the doors of a lunatic asylum1 and letting free the patients thereof1 be an act of kindness or friendship towards them8 ,you reply1 ,certainly not6 ,yet this would be granting them immediate liberty--this would be pure abolitionism6 ,but1 you rejoin1 the condition of the persons--their mental inabilities disqualify them for liberty till they are cured--till they can take care of themselves--till there is no danger of their doing violence to others2 therefore1 keeping them confined till then1 is in fact an act of kindness towards them1--and the opposite course would be most injurious to them6 ,thank you1 kind reader1 these are identically the same reasons ,i give for not advocating the immediate emancipation of the slaves4 ,i give you full credit for the wisdom and propriety of your reasons3 be so liberal as to grant me the same indulgence--to give me the same credit for the sincerity of my actions4 ,it is probable the ,abolitionist will reply1 that the condition of the slaves1 and of the inmates of a lunatic asylum1 is very different4 ,i answer1 without fear of contradiction1 that1 as far as mental incapability1 the vast mass of the slaves are as incapable of taking care of themselves as the great proportion of lunatics2 and this we shall fully demonstrate in a subsequent chapter4 ,again2 do you think children ought to be freed from all parental control8 ,you reply1 certainly not2 and you give the same reasons as you have just adduced for not setting lunatics free4 ,is not this1 then1 a case parallel with that of the slaves8 ,and in both1 ,i may as justly accuse you of oppression1 of tyranny1 of a hatred to liberty1 because you will not emancipate lunatics1 and all children1 as you accuse me1 for not advocating the immediate abolition of slavery4 ,slavery is derived from slave2 as servant comes from service4 ,in the ,english language the two are distinct from one another2 the former term being applied to involuntary1 the latter to voluntary1 servitude4 ,but this is not the case in either the ,hebrew1 ,greek1 or ,latin tongues2 one and the same word1 in each language1 signifies both voluntary and involuntary service4 ,thus obed1 in ,hebrew--1 in ,greek--and servus1 in ,latin1 signify what we mean by the terms1 servant and slave4 ,hence in works written in any of these languages1 we can never tell from the word itself whether the person to whom the term is applied was a slave1 or a servant3 it is therefore only by concomitant expressions or circumstances that we can come to a conclusion as to the actual nature of his situation4 ,this is the case both in the ,old and ,new ,testament4 ,for instance1 when we read of individuals having been sold1 having been purchased1 having been bought with money c41 we cannot doubt for a moment the propriety of applying to such persons the term slave3 and that1 no matter whether their servitude was temporary1 or for ever--whether they had sold themselves1 or were sold by others2 they were slaves to all intents and purposes--from the moment they were sold they became subject to involuntary servitude4 ,again1 while it by no means follows that every servant 7obed-- --servus17 mentioned in the ,bible1 was a slave1 it does follow that every slave was a servant6 ,ere ,i make the next statement1 ,i request it may be distinctly understood1 #ast1 that ,i consider the ,slave-trade1 and ,slave-holding1 two distinct things3 #b;d1 that ,i do not consider slave-holding1 cruelty1 oppression1 and tyranny1 synonymous4 ,while therefore ,i pronounce the former1 that is the slave-trade1 to be barbarous1 iniquitous1 and unscriptural1 ,i cannot find a single passage in the whole word of ,god which either denounces slave-holding1 or commands the owner to liberate instantaneously his slaves4 ,and ,i fearlessly defy all the ,abolitionists on earth to produce one such passage4 ,if therefore the ,bible is to be the umpire1 and to its authority alone ,i ever consent to strike1 that sacred book announces that ,,where ,,there ,,is ,,no ,,law ,,there ,,is ,,no ,,transgression2 7,rom4 iv4 #ad73 and as there is no law prohibitory of slave-holding1 it cannot be considered sin 7for sin is the transgression of the law7 by any1 except those who aim at possessing a higher degree of moral worth and righteousness1 than the ,lord ,jesus ,christ himself2 and1 who by good words and fair speeches deceive the hearts of the simple4 ,while ,i thus humbly vindicate the slandered slave-holder1 ,i desire equally to denounce all cruelty--all inhumanity--all oppression--the same law of ,god which desires the slave to be obedient to his master1 with fear and trembling 7,eph4 vi4 #e-i7 commands the ,master1 to ,,forbear ,,threatening--7for vengeance belongeth ,,unto ,,god7 to give that which is just1 and equal to his slave2 knowing that there is a ,,master in ,heaven2 who will render to every man1 without respect of persons1 according to his deeds4 7,col4 iv4 #a47 ,but so far from the ,bible condemning slave-holding1 ,i maintain it recognizes the practice by giving laws1 and directions1 both for ,master and for slave--and so far from encouraging the slave to run away from his master1 as the principles of ,abolitionism teach1 it unequivocally exhorts and commands every man to ,,abide in the same calling wherein he is called--if called1 being a slave1 care not for it2 but if thou mayest 7i4 e4 if thou lawfully7 be made 7set7 free1 use it rather4 7#a ,cor4 vii4 #bj1 #ba47 ,this is my guide1 this is my principle1 this would be the foundation of my advice to all4--,but how opposite are the principles1 the advice1 and the conduct of ,abolitionists1 to the inspired ,apostle6 ,paul says to the slave1 be obedient to your ,master--care not for being a slave--abide in it1 unless lawfully you can be made free4 ,the ,abolitionist says to the slave3 your ,master has no lawful control over you--run away from him the first opportunity--take with you whatever of his property you can1 for it is yours not his6--and ,i will shelter you6 ,thus it will easily be perceived1 that a very different spirit actuated ,paul1 from that which now actuates the ,abolitionist6 ,more about this hereafter4 ,if it be now enquired whether ,i consider slave-holding a sin and an evil1 ,i readily reply1 ,i do consider it an evil2 but ,i do not consider it a sin6 ,i am aware ,abolitionists confound the two terms together1 some through design1 and1 no doubt1 many through want of reflection or ignorance4 ,now although every sin is an evil1 yet every evil is not a sin--,i hesitate not to pronounce slavery one of the effects of sin--hence an evil3 for all evil is the effect of sin4 ,disease1 famine1 poverty1 c41 are all evils2 but who will venture to affirm that they are therefore sins--,i would use means to the best of my judgment to assuage those evils--yea to remove them2 but ,i would not in order to remove suddenly a disease1 adopt a remedy which if it would not instantly cure it1 would in all human probability destroy the individual1 or produce a greater disease--this would be ,abolition practice6 ,nor would ,i desire the poor man1 in order to get rich instantly1 to go and plunder a bank--this would be ,abolitionism6 ,but ,i would in the former case1 adopt such remedies as would1 with the least possible danger to my patient's life1 be calculated to assuage or remove the disease2 and if it could not be removed1 without having recourse to a measure which would put his life in jeopardy1 ,i would not1 provided life could be sustained at all1 adopt any such measures2 but use every means in my power1 to mitigate his sufferings--allay all pain--and make his life as comfortable as possible4 ,as to the latter case 7the indigent person7 while ,i would relieve him to the best of my ability1 ,i would exhort him1 not to have recourse to violent measures--not to commit evil2 but to put his trust in an all-wise and benevolent ,omnipotence1 and by slow and sure means1 by active industry1 to endeavour to better his condition--the opposite course ,i leave to ,abolitionists for adoption4 ,upon the principles inculcated in the cases ,i have just related1 would ,i act towards the slave1 and the slave-holder2 as more fully explained in another part of this treatise4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,principles1 ,c4 ,,of ,,the ,,leaders ,,of ,,abolitionism ,,exhibited4 ,as ,abolitionists are constantly taunting the friends of ,colonization with the charge1 that the founders of it were ,slave-holders1 7which1 by the by1 like almost all their other statements1 as will be shown in a subsequent chapter1 is destitute of truth17 they cannot complain at their opponents taking a peep into the principles of some of their ,chief ,champions1 and ,promoters of ,abolitionism--,and1 as ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq4 stands pre-eminently distinguished as their great ,apostle1 we shall let the public know what this ,gentleman's principles are2 with his abilities1 character1 moral or religious worth1 we have nothing to do--,and as they have made him their head1 and sent him as their representative to ,england1 we are fully justified1 in concluding that he spoke his sentiments not as an individual1 but as the deputed representative of those who sent him there2 viz4 the ,promoters of ,abolition in this ,country3--,therefore we need not further or stronger evidence of the nature of sentiment1 opinions1 and objects of these ,gentlemen4 ,ex uno disce omnes4 ,to begin1-- ,who was sent to ,europe1 a few years ago1 as the ,,representative of the ,american ,anti-,slavery ,society8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who1 in that ,country1 publicly pronounced the ,american ,union to be1 the most bloody and heaven-daring arrangement ever made by man8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who1 in said ,country1 and in said year1 called the said ,union1 ,a wicked and ignominious compact8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who1 in said place1 and said year1 denounced the ,,signers of the ,declaration1 to be men who1 virtually dethroned the ,,most ,,high ,,god8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who pronounced the ,american ,union to be1 the most atrocious villany ever exhibited on earth8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who declared1 he recognized the ,union with feelings of shame and indignation8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who predicted that the ,union would be held in everlasting infamy throughout the ,world8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who pronounced the ,union an unholy ,alliance8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who has pronounced the ,union to be null and void from the beginning8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,who has asserted1 that the ,signers of the ,union had no lawful power to bind themselves1 or their posterity for one hour--for one moment8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,finally1 who in the same country and year announced that the ,american ,union was not valid when it was made1 and is not valid now8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46#ah3;,a ,again1 who1 on ,tuesday1 ,may #adth1 #ahch1 in ,pennsylvania ,hall1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 in the presence of nearly two thousand persons1 announced that he hated1 from the bottom of his heart1 prudence1 caution1 and judiciousness8 ,,william ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,esq46 ,what can be thought of a system which has such a person for its head1 its chief champion--its ,apostle8 ,was this gentleman in earnest when he used this language last week2 or was he only in fun767 7to use the expression by which one of his friends attempted to excuse him7 or was he out of his senses8 ,the last excuse is the only justifiable one--for if in earnest1 the public need not be surprised at the ,utopian scheme 7abolitionism7 of which he is the principal promoter4--,if on the contrary1 he was only in fun1 it proves what an adept he is in assuming to weep over the evils of slavery1 while he was actually quizzing his audience6 ,but peradventure he meant only colonization caution and prudence6 ,well did ,dr4 ,reese say of him1 in his letters to the ,hon4 ,william ,jay1 7page #g7 that just so far as he 7,mr4 ,garrison7 was believed in ,great ,britain1 the 7,american7 ,society and ,nation1 would be viewed with abhorrence6 ,this is the gentleman sent to this city of brotherly love1 who during the last week insulted not only the public at large1 but the tried1 and disinterested1 friends of the slave6 ,he opened his mouth with a tirade of abuse against that unremunerated friend and advocate of the oppressed ,african1 ,david ,paul ,brown1 ,esq41 whose judgment and talents would adorn the cabinet of any nation under heaven4--,he could not spare even this gentleman1 whose person and property have so frequently been threatened by the populace1 for the part he has so often taken in gratuitously defending the man of colour4 ,and all this because forsooth ,mr4 ,brown1 not having the fear of ,william ,lloyd ,garrison before his eyes1 but being tempted and seduced by a love for his country1 ventured to say1 if the question was1 whether the ,union1 or slavery1 should be preserved1 he would say the ,,union4 ,for this unpardonable expression of love and attachment for his country1 ,mr4 ,garrison said that either ,mr4 ,brown1 or his speech 7,i did not distinctly hear which he said7 ought to be tied to a millstone and cast into the depths of the sea6 ,he next assailed ,elliott ,cresson1 ,esq41 who has by his talents1 property and zeal1 done more service to the ,african1 than the whole ,abolition ,society has1 or ever will1 do4--,lastly1 he could not let pass the humble ,author1 whose nothingness1 as yet1 in the cause of the poor man of colour1 ought to have sheltered him from notice2 but even the professed intention of exposing the designs of ,abolitionists appears quite sufficient to stir up the ire of this gentleman2 hence he denounced me1 as a foreign adventurer6 ,in this instance he has truly proved the truth of his declaration1 that he hates caution and prudence1 for verily if ever ,i can get the opportunity of meeting him on a platform before the public1 he may ever after go to the ,south with perfect impunity4 ,his friends say1 the ,southerners have offered five thousand dollars for his head4 ,if this be like the numerous other misstatements respecting the ,south1 little confidence is to be placed in it2 but if it be true1 and that the above event ever takes place1 ,i guarantee they will no longer offer one dollar for it1 except they have a particular fancy for purchasing empty skulls1 as ,i shall demonstrate there is little or nothing in his4 ,this is the only retaliation ,i shall seek for his urbanity towards me2 and in this1 it will be perceived1 ,i will be returning only good for evil4 ,let not ,abolitionists at large mistake me--,i do not intend to accuse them1 directly or indirectly1 of impure motives--quite the reverse--,i do really believe all the ,abolitionists1 with very few exceptions1 are the best1 and the most moral1 and philanthropic men1 in ,america2 and are actuated by the purest motives of doing good to all--relieving the oppressed1 and crushing tyranny4 ,but at the same time1 ,i do confess ,i perceive strong symptoms of other motives actuating some--we know not the heart of man--,god only knows that--therefore1 we can only judge of men's views by their acts and deeds4 ,i do not accuse even the gentleman whose name has occurred so often in the preceding pages--he may be one of the best1 and sincerest men on earth1 for aught ,i know1 and ,i hope he is2 but then he must1 if that be the case1 be labouring under monomania3 and in that case1 he certainly is not the most judicious person to lead--to advise--or to govern a political party composed of thousands6 ,one fatal step--one fatal word1 of such a man1 may plunge thousands into ruin6 ,he is1 or he is not1 a fanatic--even he himself tells us1 he hates caution1 prudence1 and judiciousness4 ,therefore1 if we are to believe himself1 and far be it from me to doubt his word on this occasion1 he is not a cautious man1 nor is he a prudent man1 nor is he a judicious man6 ,who1 therefore1 can for the future adhere to the principles of such a person1 if he were almost an angel from heaven8 ,is he a fanatic8 ,i hope so1 for his own sake3 but then1 he is equally disqualified from advising1 planning1 guiding1 or advocating1 any doctrine1 let the doctrine be ever so good6 ,but if he be not a fanatic--then1 his principles1 his declarations1 his doctrines1 are most suspicious6 unless peradventure1 he is a simpleton1 while some crafty1 designing persons1 are behind the curtain1 urging him forward in his imprudent1 and mad1 career6 ,men are generally actuated by motives--self rules more or less in us all--the person who says1 he has least of self1 will generally be found to possess most of it4 ,as in water1 face answereth unto face1 so doth the heart of man to man4 ,when pure charity1 or philanthropy1 actuates men1 they are never driven by it to malicious acts1 to falsehoods1 to misrepresentation1 or to hatred1 for this evident reason1 because charity and philanthropy come from ,god1 hence cannot give rise to malice1 hatred1 or misrepresentation1 for these proceed from ,satan and from ,satanic motives1 such as pride1 ambition1 love of money1 revenge1 c4 ,as well might it be expected that a pure fountain could send forth impure streams1 as that charity or philanthropy could produce malice or false testimony4 ,the more ,i hear men boasting of their philanthropy1 while yet exhibiting those symptoms of a ,satanic ,spirit1 the more convinced am ,i that their motives are impure1 that they are not actuated by charity or love1 but by pride1 ambition1 or malice4 ,know you not that ,europe is looking on these ,states with a jealous eye8 ,america is deemed the cradle of republicanism--the ,asylum for all who venture to raise their voice against tyranny4 ,is there no gold in ,russia1 nor in ,austria8 ,were plans 7religious and philanthropic67 never devised by ,european ,powers to divide the friends of liberty--to break up ,unions--and crush that goddess 7,liberty7 who ever haunts the bed of ,tyrants8 ,what characters think you1 would most likely be employed for such purposes8 ,fools8 ,no certainly4 ,notorious bad men8 ,certainly not4 ,it would be men of good report--outwardly righteous4 ,would such persons make known their plans8 ,certainly not4 ,would they declare that their object was to ruin and break up the ,union8 ,no6 ,no6 ,they know better than that4 ,on the contrary1 they would laugh at the very idea of the possibility of a disturbance--they would turn the apprehension into ridicule2 and scoff at the very hint of so preposterous a dream6 ,they would exclaim1 ,pshaw6 ,this is the old story4 ,the ,union has been threatened one time by the ,banks--another time by the ,tariff6 another time by the ,indians--another time by ,texas--another time by the bursting of a steam-boat6 ,and forsooth now by ,abolitionism6 ,by this kind of wit1 of sophistry1 of bombast1 they would allay all suspicion1 delude their innocent and unsuspecting hearers1 who would mightily applaud the erudition and talent of the orator6 ,but who can listen to such advice as the following without suspicion1 go forward1 no matter the consequences--if slavery cannot be instantly abolished without the disunion of this ,nation1 the sooner the better1 c6 ,and this proceeding1 from an imprudent1 incautious1 and injudicious man--from one1 who not six years ago1 pronounced in a foreign land1 that the ,union was an unholy alliance--a wicked1 and ignominious compact--and1 null and void from the beginning6 ,can such sentiments be propagated throughout any ,country with impunity8 ,if such were uttered in ,england respecting the ,king of that ,nation1 the speaker would soon get a halter as his reward6 ,and the ,father of this ,country1 the immortal ,washington1 penetrating1 as it were1 into futurity1 and well knowing how error commences1 gave the following advice1 as his last and dying admonition1 ,frown indignantly 7said he7 on the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our ,country from the rest1 or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts4 ,was it1 ,i wonder1 the recollection of this admonition that called forth the abuse1 7if general report be true17 so abundantly poured forth by the same champion1 in ,pennsylvania ,hall on the memory of ,washington8 ,but it is only justice to add that all the ,trustees of that ,building1 with whom ,i conversed on the subject1 one excepted1 expressed their decided disapprobation of the course adopted by the ,gentleman alluded to4 ,now the question is1 shall the advice of ,washington1 or the doctrines inculcated by the ,champions of ,abolitionism1 be followed8 ,the one is so diametrically opposed to the other1 that both cannot be regarded--,if ,abolitionism is to be supported1 then the principles of ,washington must be abandoned--,now is the time for every man to take his stand--,check the evil in the bud--a little leaven1 leaveneth the whole lump--,now it may be stopped without blood--,in a year or so1 it may be impossible to say this--,again ,i say1 let every man1 woman1 and child1 bind round his neck the advice of ,washington1 ,frown indignantly at the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our ,country1 and let the whole ,nation shout1 ,,amen6 ,then the ,champions of ,abolitionism will soon find their level--the true friends of the black will all unite together1 and with open hearts1 and open purses1 use their utmost endeavours to make him happy4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,the ,,impracticability ,,of ,,the ,,object ,,of ,,abolitionists ,,demonstrated--,,and ,,the ,,inevitable ,,and ,,incalculable ,,evils ,,which ,,that ,,object1 ,,if ,,accomplished1 ,,would ,,produce1 ,c4 ,the professed object of the ,abolition ,society is to procure the immediate1 instantaneous1 and unconditional emancipation of all the slaves in ,america4--,and the means adopted by this ,society to accomplish this object are the publication and circulation of vast numbers of papers and pamphlets1 by way of enlightening the slave1 and the slaveholder--but which consist1 for the most part1 of exhortations1 and encouragement1 to the slave1 to disobedience1 insubordination1 and rebellion4 ,this advice is coupled with the most galling denunciations and threats towards the slaveholder4 ,how very far1 in the nature of things1 these means are from accomplishing the object1 every man of common reflection must perceive4 ,besides1 it is an undeniable fact1 which might have been anticipated by every man1 not a hater of caution1 prudence1 and judiciousness1 that the condition of the slaves has1 since the origin of the ,anti-,slavery ,society1 become much more severe4 ,since that ,society commenced its distribution of incendiary papers1 and pamphlets1 many of the slave-holders have prevented their slaves learning to read2 so that if the slaves were before bound with fetters of hemp1 the ,abolitionists have converted the hemp into fetters of iron4--,but who can blame the slave-holder for this8 ,we1 in the ,northern and ,eastern ,states1 in which the white population far exceeds that of the coloured1 cannot justly estimate1 or form a correct opinion of the merits of the case1 unless we transport ourselves down to the ,south4--,let us go there for a few moments and then consider the case4--,here we are then in ,south ,carolina1 where the slaves are in vast numbers3 unaccustomed to guide1 or take care of themselves1 without either caution1 prudence1 or judiciousness6 ,we have got our wives1 our daughters1 our sons1 our property1 all at their mercy--a quantity of papers and pamphlets are circulated among them1 in which the slave-holder is portrayed as a monster of hell--a picture or plate of some act of cruelty generally heads the production--individual acts of cruelty and oppression are selected1 and so related as if similar deeds were daily committed by every slave-holder in the ,south6 ,what must the poor man of colour think upon reading1 or seeing1 this8 ,why he says within himself1 although my master is very good to me1 and ,i have every thing ,i want1 yet as this paper says all masters treat their slaves in this cruel way1 the sooner ,i run off the better6 ,and this paper tells me there is something called liberty which gives money1 and houses1 and pleasure in abundance2 the sooner ,i get these good things the better6 ,moreover this good paper also tells me that my master has no right to keep me--that my master's property is not his1 but it belongs to his slaves1 for they have earned it--and that if ,i run away the white man will immediately receive1 protect1 and give me plenty of money1 plenty of fine clothes1 plenty of pleasure1 plenty of no work6 ,i will tell all these good things to all my black brethren--if ,i have a right to go1 so have ,,they--if my master's property is mine1 so is it theirs also4--,the poor deluded slave is thus set on fire1 and thus he inflames the minds of all he knows4--,they talk and converse1 and dream of these good things--but they cannot easily run off--they become discontented--surly--unruly--idle--disob edient--and he who feeds1 clothes1 and takes care of them1 can get little from them6 ,who can blame the slave-holder under such circumstances adopting every means in his power to check this spirit of rebellion1 to prevent the possibility of such doctrines being inculcated amongst his slaves1 which every man1 except a hater of caution1 prudence1 and judiciousness1 must be fully aware1 would1 if left unchecked1 sooner or later break out into open rebellion1 and place himself and his children at the mercy of ignorant men1 inflamed by the hope of gain and the stimulus of lust6 ,one or the other party would conquer4--,if the coloured population became the victors 7to grant the wish of the ,abolitionists7 awful would be the condition of both whites and blacks--the male whites would be exposed to all the consequences of revenge and malice1 for the victory could not be achieved without some resistance1 and that very resistance on the part of the whites would be deemed by the blacks1 a sufficient cause for retaliation2 the wives and daughters of the white population would then be subjected to consequences of unbridled1 and unrestrained lust1 to deeds too shocking to think of1 and too brutal to relate4--,think1 oh think1 on this1 ye virtuous females1 who innocently aid1 and incautiously lend your voices and influence to the promotion of a cause1 which1 if successful1 would inevitably produce these consequences4--,turn1 oh turn1 from such a course1 and lend your powerful aid to emancipate the mind of both slave and slave-holder4 ,but setting aside all these consequences to the white1 and admitting1 for the sake of every possible latitude to the ,abolitionist1 that the white population richly deserve such results1 what would be the condition of the coloured population after such a victory8 ,let us suppose that after a month's hard fighting1 in which the soil of the south would be drenched with the blood of white and black1 that the white population became annihilated1 and not one left south of the ,potomac4 ,behold the black placed in immediate1 full1 and unrestrained possession of the whole ,south--,what think you would be the result ere one year could elapse8 ,does it require much penetration1 or much acumen1 to foresee that it would be far better for them1 had they1 to a man1 fallen in the contest8 ,ignorant--unaccustomed to liberty--unacquainted with the principles of government1 or the means of producing order1 or of providing for futurity1--his blood still under the stimulus of success--his actions now unrestrained--all the brutal passions of man at their highest pitch of excitement1 indulging in all the luxuries of their late ,master's house--what would be the inevitable consequences8 ,first1 black would fight with black1 till the land would now become drenched with black blood--parties and associations of blacks would be formed1 according to the dispositions1 desires1 views1 temperaments1 and morals of each party4 ,ignorant1 dissipated1 idle1 and ambitious for superiority1 party would fight with party1 till scarcely a party would be left4 ,during the scenes of blood1 of carnage1 of idleness1 of devastation1 and of debauchery1 the soil becomes uncultivated1 the seed not sown1 if in spring1--the earth's produce not gathered1 if in harvest6 ,the stores of the former years become consumed--each man1 thinks that each man1 but himself1 ought to work2 and each man thinks that he himself ought now to enjoy liberty4 ,the very attempt of any1 to induce any to work1 would be a sufficient provocation for mortal combat6 ,wants would now begin--still appetites must be gratified--,caution1 prudence1 and judiciousness they have either never learned1 or have been taught by the great ,champion of ,abolitionism1 to hate6 ,each day diminishes the stores1 and increases the demands--and each day1 fresh indications of abolition-liberty1 manifest themselves in blood and outrage6 ,at length1 and that not many weeks after their victory1 famine1 with all her horrors1 stares them in the face--children and infants1 and mothers cry in vain for help--for nourishment4--,her ever constant companion1 ,pestilence1 now attends1 and thousands and thousands die of want and disease1 calling down from heaven eternal curses on the heads of those who excited them to rebellion--the authors of all their sufferings--the ,,abolitionists6 ,on the other hand1 suppose that1 in such a rebellion throughout the ,south1 the whites were to conquer--this could not be accomplished without the destruction of vast numbers of the people of colour--nor without the loss of the lives of many whites4 ,what then would be the condition of the surviving blacks8 ,common justice1 and prudence1 would oblige the white population to deprive the slaves of many of those privileges which they now enjoy1 and to rivet their fetters more securely--whom would they have to thank for all this8 ,,abolitionists6 ,whom have they even now to thank for the loss of many indulgences8 ,the ,,abolitionists6 ,and whom have thousands now to thank for being still in slavery8 ,,abolitionists6 ,take a view of the subject in any possible way1 let the black conquer1 or let him be conquered1 ruination to him is the inevitable result1 totally independent of the awful calamities to which the white population would be subjected4 ,here is a two-horned dilemma3 let the ,abolitionist sit upon either horn so long as he can1 consistently with his profession of charity--of philanthropy1 of christianity6 ,leaving this part of our subject for the present1 ,i will ask any man of common sense1 and of the least reflection1 whether the means adopted by ,abolitionists to enlighten the slave-holder1 so as to make him emancipate his slaves1 are the most judicious1 or the most likely to accomplish that end8 ,i will venture to aver1 without fear of contradiction1 that they are so far--very far1 from being likely1 in the very nature of things1 to accomplish the professed object 7the emancipation of the slaves17 that no surer method could possibly be used more calculated to increase their sufferings1 and to rivet their chains6 ,and so convinced am ,i of this1 that ,i cannot conceive how any man of intellect1 who has a single eye to this object1 would for a moment sanction such means6 ,let us place ourselves in the situation of slave-holders1 and then see the effect such conduct would have upon ourselves2 recollecting that by nature all men are alike1 for1 as in water face answereth to face1 so doth the heart of man to man3 so says the ,bible at all events1 no matter what you may think to the contrary6 ,here we are then1 a pair of slave-holders 7not slave-traders74 ,our parents left slaves to us1 as our inheritance 7,lev4 xxv4 #dd1 #df74 ,we are surrounded by them4 ,the subsistence of our wives1 and of our little ones1 depends on their labour and exertion4 ,we treat them kindly1 and they have abundance of food and raiment4 ,we instruct them--and pay a physician to attend them when ill4#cj3;,a ,a party has got up in the ,north1 whose professed object is to enlighten us slave-holders4 ,pamphlets and ,papers in abundance are sent down to us4 ,we read them--when lo6 we find ourselves portrayed as ,monsters6 ,our characters slandered4 ,our legal rights denied4 ,our heads branded with the epithet--,men stealers--,tyrants--,devils incarnate--,objects peculiarly deserving the eternal wrath and vengeance of ,heaven--the world called upon to abhor and detest us1 and we held up to public and everlasting infamy6 ,but this is not all4 ,the very persons whom the providence of ,god gave us--whom we feed1 clothe1 instruct1 attend in sickness and in health1 and who thus enjoy more comfort and happiness1 than nine-tenths of the labouring class of white free persons in any part of ,europe6--these very persons are1 in said pamphlets1 taught and encouraged to look upon us as their oppressors1 as the only barriers to their wealth and happiness--as having no lawful right to possess them--and that all our substance--all our property--is in fact1 not ours1 but theirs6 ,moreover1 that the ,law of ,god authorises them to run off as quick as they can1 and1 if practicable1 with as much of our property as they can convey away6 ,what think you would be our feelings--our conduct on perusing such productions8 ,would they be calculated to make us listen1 and give a ready ear to their authors8 ,unquestionably not--but the very reverse6 ,such is the nature of man1 that1 however well disposed he may be to listen to instruction1 and to take advice1 the moment he is assailed with harsh words1 with opprobrious epithets1 with threats of vengeance1 and particularly1 with what he deems likely to affect his purse1 he shuts his ears1 hardens his heart1 and shuns you4 ,the proceedings of ,abolitionists1 may be compared to stopping a man's ears1 and then punishing him for not hearing2 or knocking out his eyes1 and then calling upon him to read2 or lastly1 like attempting to separate a block of wood1 by applying to the crevice1 the base1 instead of the apex1 of the wedge2 against which you may strike in vain1 till either you break the wedge1 or spend your strength1 without ever even once entering the crevice6 ,if then such would be the effect upon us1 placed in the circumstances of the ,southerner1 is it right or judicious1 or prudent1 to assail him with abuse1 accuse him of conduct to which ,abolitionists have driven him1 or continue to encourage and pursue a system which1 so far from accomplishing the desired object1 tends only to augment the sufferings of the slave1 and to produce consequences the most awful and calamitous to all concerned1 both to whites and to blacks6 ,again1 the slave is taught1 in those ,abolition productions1 to consider all slave-holders1 cruel tyrants6 ,this statement1 no man1 with any regard for truth1 or possessing the least information or reflection1 will venture to affirm4 ,how galling1 therefore1 must it be1 for those conscious of rectitude1 to have the crimes of others attributed to them6 ,how would the ,abolitionists of this ,city1 or of ,boston1 like to have it proclaimed to the world1 that all the married men in these two cities are cruel and unnatural1 husbands1 masters1 and parents2 because there are some persons in those places1 who richly deserve to be so designated8 ,moreover1 ,i am convinced that there are in these1 our cities1 ten cruel and unnatural 7white7 parents1 husbands1 and masters1 to one cruel and unnatural slave-holder in the ,south6 ,what think you of that1 ,mr4 ,abolitionist8 ,i would recommend you to cast the beam out of thine own eye1 and then shalt thou see clearly to cast the mote out of thy brother's eye2 and to recollect the admonition of the sacred writer1 ,therefore1 thou art inexcusable1 ,o man1 whosoever thou art that judgest3 for wherein thou judgest another1 thou condemnest thyself2 for thou that judgest1 doest the same things4 ,and thinkest thou this1 ,o man1 that judgest them which do such things1 and doest the same1 that thou shalt escape the judgment of ,god6 7,rom4 ii4 #a-c47 ,let us now contrast the advice and commands of ,christ and of his ,apostles1 with the advice and doctrines of ,abolitionists-- ,the ,bible teaches-- ,abolitionism teaches-- #a4 ,having food and raiment be therewith content4 #a4 ,be not content with food and raiment unless you get free6 #b4 ,let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called4--#a ,cor4 vii4 #bj4 #b4 ,let no slave abide for one moment as such1 if he can get off6 #c4 ,art thou called being a slave1#cc3;,a care not for it4--#a ,cor4 vii4 #ba4 #c4 ,if you are a slave never cease caring for it6 #d4 ,if thou mayest 7can lawfully7 be made free1 use it rather4--#a ,cor4 vii4 #ba4 #d4 ,whether thou mayest or mayest not 7lawfully or unlawfully7 get free6 #e4 ,slaves1 be obedient to them that are your masters1 according to the flesh4--,eph4 vi4 #e4 #e4 ,slaves1 be not obedient to your masters2 but leave them as quick as you can6 #f4 ,slaves1 obey in all things your masters4--,col4 iii4 #bb4 #f4 ,obey your masters as little as possible1 that they may be compelled to cast you off6 #g4 ,let as many slaves1 as are under the yoke1 count their own masters worthy of all honour4--#a ,tim4 vi4 #a4 #g4 ,masters are worthy of no honour or respect1 but contempt and infamy6 #h4 ,let those who have believing masters1 not despise them4--#a ,tim4 vi4 #b4 #h4 ,there are no slave-holders believers3--despise them all6 #i4 ,love them that hate you1 and do good to them that despitefully use you4--,matt4 v4 #dd4 #i4 ,hate your masters1 for they oppress you3 and do evil to them1 for they despitefully use you6 #aj4 ,love your enemies4--,matt4 v4 #dd4 #aj4 ,your masters are your enemies1 therefore despise them4 ,these few instances will show how different is the spirit which guided the sacred penmen1 and that which now actuates the ,abolitionists4--,if there were no other evidences that ,abolitionism is not the cause of ,god1 the foregoing ought to be sufficient to convince every man who believes in the divine origin of the ,sacred ,scriptures1 and who is willing to submit his judgment to the authority of ,,him1 whose ways are not as our ways1 and whose thoughts are not as our thoughts4 ,i think ,i have now fully proved my propositions1 viz41 that the principles of ,abolitionism are injurious to the slaves themselves1 and are contrary to the express commands of ,god4 ,we shall now accomplish to the fullest extent the professed wish of ,abolitionists1 and see what would be the probable result6 ,suppose ,i possessed the power of granting1 at the stroke of my pen1 instantaneous emancipation to all the slaves in ,america1 and were this moment to issue the following proclamation3 ,to all whom it may concern1 greeting6 ,i do hereby command and order1 that all slaves throughout the ,union be instantly set free1 and they are now free accordingly6 ,let us now ascend in a balloon and take a view of ,,two ,,millions ,,and ,a ,,half1 of poor1 ignorant1 pennyless1 men1 women1 and children1 cast abroad on the world1 without a home--without a guide--without caution1 prudence1 or judiciousness6 ,is not this exactly what you want1 ,mr4 ,abolitionist8 ,what awful consequences must ensue6 ,not so much to the whites1 but more particularly to the poor ignorant people of colour6 ,can that be called friendship1 or charity1 or philanthropy1 which would lead to such a result8 ,those ignorant1 poor1 unprotected1 people have now liberty6 ,will liberty cover them--feed them--protect them--stop the crying of the hungry child--or the cravings of the famished mother8 ,what have they given for this liberty2 and what have they got by it8 ,they have given up1 peace1 plenty1 protection1 and contentedness6 ,and they have got liberty1 with starvation1 anxiety1 and want6 ,what a glorious exchange6 ,what a profitable bargain6 ,how thankful they ought to be1 to their pseudo-friends1 the ,,abolitionists6 ,but come out now1 ,abolitionists1 like men1 and answer this question1 ,are the slaves in the ,south1 now in a proper condition for immediate emancipation8 ,are they1 or are they not8 ,reflect upon the above picture1 and then answer like men4--,do you reply1 that you think they ought to have first some education--some provision made for them--some arrangements to guard against possible consequences8--,if this be your answer1 ,i congratulate you on the first symptoms of restoration to sound mental health3 ,i now entertain hopes of your speedy recovery1 and ere you have read the last page of this humble treatise1 ,i doubt not1 but you and ,i will perfectly agree1 and ,i will give you a certificate of health6 ,there will nevertheless remain some stubborn ,abolitionists1 even all who hate prudence1 caution1 and judiciousness1 who will still exclaim the slaves are now fit for instantaneous and unconditional emancipation6 ,a word or two with such characters before ,i close this chapter4 ,pray from what premises do you draw your conclusions8 ,is it from the present condition of those already made free1 or from the emancipation of slaves in other countries4 ,i shall examine both of these grounds4 ,first then as to the condition of those already emancipated1 which condition if it even favoured the views of ,abolitionists1 would not be a justifiable or parallel case1 forasmuch as the free people of colour amongst us now were not suddenly1 but gradually emancipated--and were not totally ignorant1 for many of them knew how both to read and to write4 ,therefore with all these points strong in favour of every thing the ,abolitionist could possibly desire1 we shall fearlessly investigate the result4 ,in the facts ,i am about adducing1 ,i wish it to be clearly understood1 that ,i do not attribute them to any natural peculiarity1 or natural inferiority of coloured persons1 but distinctly to the want of education1 and to the peculiar and trying circumstances in which these persons are placed4 ,if even the free persons of colour1 turned out good and worthy citizens to the utmost wish of every benevolent man1 it would not1 as ,i have just stated1 prove any thing in favour of ,abolition2 but so far from this being the case--so far1 notwithstanding all the advantages of gradual emancipation1 and a preparatory course of instruction1 from the result substantiating the opinion of ,abolitionists1 viz4 that the slaves may1 with safety to themselves1 and to others1 be instantaneously emancipated2 it stands an incontrovertible evidence against them--a warning that it is difficult to conceive how any man in his senses1 would not be admonished by2 if he be one who regards the welfare and happiness of this country1 and the real good of the black6 ,the following paragraph is taken from the ,plea for ,africa1 p4 #agi4 ,it has been asserted that1 of free blacks collected in our cities and large towns1 a great portion are found in abodes of wretchedness and vice1 and become tenants of poor-houses and prisons4 ,as a proof of the tendency of their condition1 the following striking facts among others1 ascertained a year or two since1 have been mentioned3 ,in ,massachusetts1 where the coloured population is small1 being less than #g1jjj souls1 7only #a-gdth part of the whole population17 -- about #a-fth part of the whole number of convicts in the state-prison are blacks4 ,in ,connecticut1 #a-cdth part of the population is coloured1 and -- #a-c;d part of the convicts4 ,in ,new-,york1 #a-ceth part are blacks2 -- #a-dth part of the convicts in the city state-prison are blacks4 ,in ,new-,jersey1 the proportion is #a-acth coloured2 and of the convicts #a-c;d4 ,in ,pennsylvania1 #a-cdth part of a population of more than a million of souls1 is coloured2 and more than one-third part of the convicts are black4 ,i need not pursue these illustrations of the degradation of the free blacks in the non-slave-holding ,states4 ,it appears from these statements1 which ,i find in the ,first ,annual ,report of the ,prison ,discipline ,society1 that about one quarter part of all the expense incurred by these ,states for the support of their institutions for criminals is for coloured convicts4 ,the bill of expense in three of these ,states stands thus3 that is1 the expense for the support of coloured convicts for the specified number of years preceding the report from which this schedule is made1 is in ,massachusetts1 #aj years1 #ag1gcd ,connecticut1 #ae years1 #cg1aff ,new-,york1 #bg years1 #aji1aff in one prison4 -------- #afd1jff -- ,this sum was expended in an average of less than eighteen years1 on convicts from among a population of only #ed1jjj coloured persons4 ,illustrations1 borrowed from the criminal statistics of the ,south1 would place this matter in a far more unfavourable light4 ,references to the expenses for the maintenance of paupers1 would give a similar result4 ,according to the above statement1 it appears1 that in ,massachusetts1 there are 7in proportion to the whole population7 ,,twelve coloured persons to one white1 in poor-houses and prisons6 ,in ,connecticut1 ,,eleven ,coloured1 to one ,white1 in ,do46 ,in ,new-,york1 ,,eight ,coloured1 to one ,white1 in ,do46 ,in ,new-,jersey1 ,,four ,coloured1 to one ,white1 in ,do46 ,in ,pennsylvania1 ,,eleven ,coloured1 to one ,white1 in ,do46 ,if the trial of #cjj1jjj ,coloured free persons1 7the number now in the ,states17 emancipated gradually1 and under the most favourable circumstances possible1 be not sufficient to open the eyes of the ,abolitionists to the recklessness of their course1 ,i know not what could4 ,can this result afford any encouragement or satisfaction8 ,and if not1 why persevere in attempting to bring about what cannot take place2 and which if it could1 would produce incalculable misfortunes throughout the ,states8 ,we shall now investigate the other appeal1 viz41 that no evils arose from the immediate emancipation of the slaves in ,mexico--the ,british slaves in the ,west ,indies1 those in ,chili1 ,buenos ,ayres1 ,colombia1 and ,new ,york4 ,in the first place1 then1 give me leave to remark that as to ,mexico1 the slaves there were only comparatively a handful1 about #bj1jjj4 ,secondly1 they were incorporated into the ,army1 as the condition of emancipation2 so that they actually only changed from civil to martial law6 ,and thirdly1 so far from the slaves in ,mexico having been set free in one day1 it took them ,,twelve ,,years to buy their freedom6 ,the law1 granting them this privilege1 was1 it is true1 made in one day2 but the accomplishment of it1 took ,,twelve ,,years6 ,see ,dr4 ,reese's ,letters to the ,hon4 ,william ,jay1 p4 #ajd4 ,as to the ,english slaves in the ,west ,indies1 every one knows their emancipation was not immediate1 for in fact they are not as yet literally emancipated6 ,besides1 the ,british found it necessary not only to pay handsomely for them2 but they find it indispensably necessary still to maintain there a considerable standing ,army6 ,and the venerable ,mr4 ,clarkson1 writing on the subject1 said1 ,i never stated that our ,west ,indian slaves were to be emancipated suddenly1 but by degrees4 ,i always1 on the other hand1 took it for granted1 that they were to have a preparatory school1 also4 ,lastly1 as to the four other places1 it is notorious1 that the slaves were not in one single instance1 immediately and unconditionally emancipated4 ,here are the cases so frequently referred to by ,abolitionists1 as a ground of justification for their project1 and yet we perceive there is not one of them a case1 parallel1 to the condition of the ,southern ,states2 moreover1 where any of them1 have any resemblance to the circumstances of our country1 the result shows the madness of the ,abolition ,scheme6 ,there is one more fatal objection to the ,abolition system1 viz41 that its whole aim is the removal of the effect1 and not the cause6 ,now the first principle in philosophy1 indeed in common sense1 is1 to remove the cause3 and every system built upon any other principle is absurd1 and must turn out useless4 ,abolitionism is therefore unphilosophical1 absurd1 fallacious1 and inefficacious6 ,that slavery is the cause of much evil1 ,i do not pretend to deny2 but then slavery itself is only an effect4 ,for example1 a person gets a splinter of wood into his finger--the finger inflames--the arm inflames--the whole body 7as it were7 inflames--delirium or lockjaw supervenes1 and death closes the scene6 ,now the inflamed finger is the cause of the inflamed arm2 and that the cause of the general fever2 and that the cause of the delirium2 and that the cause of death6#ci3;,a ,what kind of empirical practice would every attempt be to remove the inflammation of the finger1 of the arm1 or of the body1 while the cause 7the splinter7 still remained in the finger8 ,the very first thing any man of science would1 under such circumstances1 do1 would be to extract the splinter--the original cause of all--when once the cause had been removed1 then1 but not till then1 would he attempt to remove the effects4 ,the attention of ,abolitionists is directed solely to the removal of the effect--for slavery is only the effect of the ,african ,slave-trade4 ,now if there never had been slave-trade1 there would be now no slavery3 and this cause--the slave-trade1 still exists4 ,,one ,,hundred ,,thousand ,africans are annually torn away by the hand of violence from their native land2 and of this number1 ere they reach their destination1 ,,sixty ,,thousand die of hard and cruel treatment4 ,yet to all this ,abolitionists pay no attention1--they weep and wail over1 and preach and brawl about1 the people of colour in these ,states1 nine-tenths of whom are slaves only in name1 and who are far better off1 far happier1 far more contented--far better provided for1 than nine-tenths of the white labouring population of civilized ,europe4 ,the ingenuity of ,abolitionists1 ,i am aware1 will readily find for them a plausible answer to this charge3 they will reply1 oh if we stop slavery here--if we break up the system in our ,states1 if there be no market to which the slave-trader can bring his slaves1 the ,african traffic will soon cease4 ,admitted1 if the little ,,if1 which always professes to accomplish great things1 could work miracles4 ,but pray1 would breaking up the slave-trade in these ,states1 break up the market elsewhere8 ,certainly not6 ,for those #ajj1jjj slaves now annually exported from ,africa1 are not brought here2 but to the ,brazils1 ,havanna1 c4 c4 ,a short quotation from the ,plea for ,africa will furnish the reader with still more extensive views of the horrors of the ,,slave-,,trade1 to which ,abolitionists1 with all their philanthropy1 pay no attention4 ,mr4 ,clarkson divides the slaves into seven classes4 ,the most considerable class consists of kidnapped1 or stolen ,africans4 ,in obtaining these1 every species of injustice1 treachery and cruelty are resorted to4 ,this class1 ,mr4 ,c4 supposes1 embraces one half of the whole number transported from ,africa4 ,the second class consists of those whose villages are set on fire and depopulated in the darkness of night1 for the purpose of obtaining a portion of their inhabitants4 ,the third class consists of those who have been convicted of crimes4 ,the fourth1 of prisoners in wars that originate from common causes1 or in wars made solely for the purpose of procuring captives for slaves4 ,the fifth1 such as are slaves by birth4 ,the sixth and seventh1 such as have surrendered their liberty by reason of debt1 or by other imprudences1 which last1 however1 are comparatively few in number4 ,they are sometimes brought a distance of a thousand miles2 marched over land in droves1 or caufles as they are called1 secured from running away1 by pieces of wood which yoke them together by the neck1 two and two1 or by other pieces fastened with staples to their arms4 ,some are carried to what are called slave-factories2 others immediately to the shore1 and conveyed in boats to the different ships whose captains have captured or purchased them4 ,the men are confined on board the ship1 two and two together1 either by the neck1 leg1 or arm1 with fetters of iron2 and are put into apartments1 the men occupying the forepart1 the women the afterpart1 and the children the middle4 ,the tops of these apartments are grated for the admission of light and for ventilation when the weather is suitable for the grates to be uncovered1 and are about three feet three inches in height1 just sufficient space being allotted to each individual to sit in one posture1 the whole stowed away like so much lumber4 ,it is said that many of them whilst the ships are waiting for their full lading1 and whilst they are near their native shore which they are no more to set foot upon for ever1 have been so depressed1 and overwhelmed with such unsupportable distress1 that they have been induced to die by their own hands4 ,others have become deranged and perfect maniacs1 or have pined away and died with despairing1 broken hearts4 ,in the day-time1 in fair weather1 they are sometimes brought on deck4 ,they are then placed in long rows on each side of the ship1 two and two together4 ,as they are brought up from their apartments1 a long chain is passed through the shackles of each couple1 successively1 and thus the whole row is fastened down to the deck4 ,in this situation1 they receive their food4 ,after their coarse and meagre meal1 a drum is beaten by one of the sailors1 and at its sound the ,negroes are all required to exercise1 for their health1 jumping in their chains as high as their fetters will let them2 and if any refuse to exercise in this way1 they are whipped until they comply4 ,this jumping1 the slave-merchants call dancing4 ,the middle passage is the whole from the time the ship weighs anchor until she arrives at her destined port4 ,on the passage1 the situation of the slaves is1 indeed1 doubly deplorable1 especially if the ship have a long passage1 and is very full4 ,a full-grown person is allowed1 in the most commodious slave-ships1 but sixteen inches in width1 three feet three inches in height1 and five feet eight inches in length4 ,they lie in one crowded mass on the bare planks1 and by the constant motion of the ship1 are often chafed until their bones are almost bare1 and their limbs covered with bruises and sores4 ,the heat is often so great1 and the air they breathe so poisoned with pestilence by the feverish exhalations of the suffering multitude1 that nature can no longer sustain itself4 ,it is no uncommon occurrence1 to find1 on each successive morning1 some who have died during the night1 in consequence of their suffering and confined situation4 ,a large proportion of those who are shipped1 die before they have crossed the ocean4 ,many also die soon after completing the voyage1 from what is called the seasoning2 that is1 in becoming acclimated in the country to which they are carried4 ,it is said that when the slave-holders first visited the western coast of ,africa1 the country was most delightful4 ,the coast was covered with villages1 or thickly settled towns1 which swarmed with inhabitants4 ,simple in their manners1 amiable in their dispositions1 in quiet enjoyment of the profuse bounties of nature1 they are represented as exceeding happy4 ,they were a comparatively innocent1 unoffending1 contented1 happy race4 ,it was not until slave-dealers introduced among them every thing that could please the fancy and awaken the cupidity of uncivilized men1 that they were at all prone to interfere with each other's happiness4 ,by the more than brutal cruelty of white men1 quarrels were fomented1 tribe was set against tribe1 and each supplied with the means of mutual destruction4 ,then what is man8 ,and what man1 seeing this1 ,and having human feelings1 does not blush1 ,and hang his head1 to think himself a man8 ,besides all this1 recollect that there are about ,,fifty ,,millions of ,africans left exposed to the debasing influence of this hellish practice4 ,and if the ,colonization ,society did nothing more than stop or check this torrent of infernal iniquity1 it ought to render its friends and advocates immortal1 and make those blush 7if blush they could7 who vilify and slander them4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,the ,,errors ,,of ,,the ,,quarterly ,,anti-,,slavery ,,magazine1 ,,for ,,april1 #ahcg1 ,,respecting ,,the ,,scriptural ,,words ,servant--,property--,buy1 ,c41 ,,briefly ,,noticed4 ,there is no argument more frequently used by ,abolitionists than that the ,scriptures prohibit the purchase1 or sale of men1 or holding any man as property--and as the above ,magazine has no doubt contributed much1 by the talent1 learning1 and ingenuity1 7,i don't like to say sophistry7 of its editor 7,mr4 ,elizur ,wright1 jun417 to build up this most preposterous assertion1 ,i shall take leave to investigate a few of the arguments adopted therein4 ,there is a great difference between a man going to the ,bible to find sanction for an opinion which he has already formed1 and a man going to the ,bible1 for its opinion4 ,the one first forms his own ideas of things1 of what is1 and what is not1 right or wrong1 and then goes to the ,scriptures to sanction or corroborate those ideas2 the other forms no opinion whatever1 until he searches the sacred oracles of truth to ascertain what they say on the subject4 ,now it appears to me evident that the editor of this periodical acted on the former principle--he first came to the conclusion1 that to own1 to buy1 or to sell1 a human being1 was wrong and unscriptural2 and then went to the ,bible to make it prove that his opinions were correct4 ,and so far has he been carried away with his preconceived opinions1 and so much did he labour under the spell of ,abolitionism1 that he frequently confounds the act of purchasing a man1 with the act of stealing a man6 using synonymously the terms purchasing and stealing6 ,thus when he attempts to prove that purchasing a man is unscriptural1 and that all slave-holders ought to be put to death1 he refers to the twenty-first chapter of ,exodus and sixteenth verse6 7,see said ,magazine1 page #bdg-bdi74 ,but how does this read1 ,he that ,,stealeth a man1 and selleth him1 or if he be found in his hand1 he shall surely be put to death4 ,it does not read1 he that stealeth1 ,,or selleth3 no1 no6 the whole and only crime condemned here was1 ,,stealing the man2 but retaining or not retaining him1 or selling him1 did not exculpate the thief6 ,this is one of the most unhappy passages in the whole ,bible1 the ,abolitionists could have selected3 for while it incontrovertibly sanctions selling men1 by making the selling no excuse for the stealing1 it condemns to death the ,african traders1 for their conduct1 and the ,american ,abolitionists1 for theirs4#de3;,a ,the editor builds nearly the whole of his arguments1 which occupy #abf pages1 on ,,two ,,erroneous ,,principles--which principles1 if ,i prove to be really erroneous1 ,i need not wade through his numerous conclusions to show the fallacy of each and every one of them2 for every argument built upon a false position necessarily ends in an absurd conclusion4 ,the two principles or pillars of his edifice are1 #ast4 ,that as the same word 7both in ,hebrew and in ,greek7 signifies both slave and servant1 and as every slave is a servant1 therefore1 every servant1 is a slave6 ,this species of logic reminds me of the syllogism1 that1 as1 every man is an animal1 and a horse is an animal1 therefore1 every man is a horse6 ,is it necessary to spend time in exhibiting the folly and fallaciousness of this first principle8 ,a child would laugh at it2 yet this work is held up by ,abolitionists1 as of almost equal authority with the ,bible itself6 ,one or two conclusions drawn from this first principle will1 no doubt1 be gratifying to the reader4 ,in page #bbj1 the editor proceeds thus3 ,to keep the ,south in good spirits1 we must believe not only that ,abraham kept slaves1 but that our blessed ,saviour was a slave-holder6 ,of course heaven must be1 on a larger scale1 like one of those establishments which line the shores of the ,mississippi4 ,when they find a text which recognises masters or servants1 they consider it triumphant4 ,first4 ,it will prove that every country in ,christendom is a slave region4 ,on every farm in ,great ,britain there are servants4 ,every statute and every instrument of writing which obliges tenants1 and keepers of cattle1 c41 calls them servants1 and their landlord or employer master4 ,is ,great ,britain a slave region8 ,and in our own country every white apprentice is1 in his indenture1 called a servant4 ,is he a slave8 ,second4 ,it will prove that slavery is the only kind of servitude which the ,scriptures approve4 ,at one fell swoop1 it would unchurch the professors at ,princeton1 and every master and servant in our free states4 ,if the term servant1 of itself1 and necessarily1 signifies a slave1 it follows not only that the kingdom of ,god has always been like the kingdom of the devil1 in regard to servitude and personal rights1 but that voluntary and requited servitude is a modern innovation1 for which there is neither precedent nor example in ,holy ,writ2 and therefore it is at least doubtful whether a voluntary servant1 and the master who pays him wages1 ought to be received into the ,church6 ,for if inspired men always passed them by unnoticed--if those whom they instruct and recognise as believers were slaves and slavemasters exclusively1 where shall we find example for admitting the voluntary servant and his master1 till they qualify themselves by slavery8 ,thus the assumption in question leads to the conclusion1 not that ,god tolerated slavery1 but that he tolerated nothing else4666 ,the above paragraph furnishes an admirable specimen of the species of reasoning by which ,abolitionists are deluded6 ,the second principle1 upon which the ,editor builds his arguments1 is that as the original word which signifies to buy sometimes signifies something else1 therefore it never signifies what we mean by buying or purchasing6 ,i am really astonished at this gentleman's forgetfulness1 for to nothing else do ,i wish to attribute his reasoning on this subject4 ,he will therefore pardon me in reminding him that just in proportion to the poverty of any language1 does each word in that language represent numerous ideas2 in which case the real meaning intended by the writer can be ascertained1 to a certainty1 only by the concomitant circumstances1 or adjoining expressions4 ,if in our own language1 which is so rich1 we have numerous words1 each representing many distinct ideas1 is it at all surprising that such should be the case in ancient tongues8 ,this1 the ,editor knows far better1 in all probability1 than myself2 and is also aware that preconceived theories not only put new ideas into our heads1 but oftentimes eliminate correct ones6 ,now when we hear of an article being bought with money1 these two last words put1 beyond all possibility of doubt1 and beyond all the possibility of sophistry1 the nature of the meaning of the word bought--viz4 ,to acquire the property1 right1 or title1 to any thing1 by paying a consideration1 or an equivalent--to purchase2 to acquire by paying a price1 c4 ,see ,webster's ,american ,dictionary4 ,the various passages of ,scripture quoted by the ,editor in page #bei1 in no way whatever militate against the meaning of the word buy4 ,now the following simple questions may be put3 #ast4 ,did ,god in any one passage in the whole ,bible forbid or prohibit the purchase of men8 ,not in a single instance6 #b;d4 ,did ,god ever give directions respecting the purchase of men1 and the treatment of men so purchased8 ,he unquestionably did4 ,see ,gen4 xvii4 #ac1 #bg4 ,exodus xxi4 #b-g1 #bf1 #bg4 #c;d4 ,did ,god recognize such as were thus purchased with money1 as the property of their masters8 ,most undoubtedly4 ,see ,exod4 xx4 #ag4 xxi4 #bj1 #ba1 where the servant is actually denominated1 ,,his ,,money6 ,having now proved the erroneousness of the two principles upon which the ,editor of this ,magazine built his arguments2 and having demolished the two pillars which supported his whole edifice1 the arguments and the edifice necessarily coming to naught1 ,i shall end this chapter with a few remarks on a text of ,scripture which ,abolitionists adduce as a justification for encouraging1 sheltering1 and retaining1 those who run away from their legal masters4 ,this text is to be found in ,deut4 xxiii4 #ae1 and reads thus1 ,thou shalt not deliver unto his master the servant which is escaped from his master unto thee4 ,he shall dwell with thee1 even among you1 in that place which he shall choose in one of thy gates1 where it liketh him best3 thou shalt not oppress him4 ,did this verse stand totally unconnected with any other portion of the ,scriptures2 were it even completely isolated1 ,i could not dare1 in common justice1 give it that interpretation which would render it in direct opposition to the whole tenor of ,scripture2 and which ,abolitionists do1 in order to shelter themselves from the condemnation justly attached to their principles4 ,no marvel that there are thousands of men in the land who consider the ,bible a mass of contradictions1 when those who profess to believe in its ,divine origin thus make it1 to promote their own views1 contradict itself4 ,compare the meaning attached to this passage by ,abolitionists1 with the first column on page #cc in this treatise1 and then see if such meaning is not as directly opposed to the spirit and letter of the passages of ,scripture contained in that column1 as any two things possibly can be6 ,but we need only look at the passage alluded to1 as it stands in the ,bible1 to see at once the true meaning of it2 and that it1 no more sanctions or authorises the conduct of ,abolitionists1 than the command of ,god to the ,jews to extirpate the inhabitants of ,canaan1 authorises the ,abolitionists to extirpate our ,southern brethren6 ,much of this chapter 7,deut4 xxiii47 is taken up with directions to the ,jews respecting their future conduct towards their heathen neighbours1 the ,ammonite1 ,moabite1 c41 from whom1 7,,thine ,,enemies17 if a servant escape1 thou shalt not deliver him back4 ,this command1 be it observed1 is not to individuals1 but to the ,,jewish ,,nation1 which the sixteenth verse fully proves3 for therein we find directions given1 that the servant escaped from those heathen nations1 may be permitted to dwell among the ,jews1 and in whatever place he chooses4 ,this could not1 in the nature of things1 be a command to one ,jewish master1 in respect to the treatment of a slave that had escaped from another ,jewish master3 the one expression he may dwell among you 7v4 #af47 ends all dispute on this subject4 ,the ,abolitionists must now for ever more search for some other passage of ,scripture1 to contradict that which directs us to do unto others as we would he done by6 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,the ,,conduct ,,and ,,character ,,of ,,the ,,southern ,,slave-,,holder1 ,,vindicated4 ,one of the peculiar features in the practice of ,abolition champions1 is to discredit every statement proceeding from all others1 except from themselves3 and in this respect they resemble very much1 as ,i stated in the preceding part of this pamphlet1 the champions of ,infidelity6 ,if there be1 therefore1 any truth in the common adage1 that none are so suspicious as those who are conscious that their own statements ought not to be credited1 there can be no difficulty in accounting for the unbelief of those gentlemen4 ,no one pretends to deny that there are in the ,south1 some cruel1 irreligious--inhuman--slave-holders--and who will have the hardihood to deny that there are also in the ,north1 thousands of cruel1 irreligious and inhuman1 masters1 husbands1 and fathers6 ,would the latter fact be a justifiable reason for branding all the masters1 husbands1 and fathers1 in the ,north1 as a set of cruel1 irreligious1 inhuman monsters8 ,ah1 but says the ,abolitionist1 they do not use the lash in the ,north4--,don't they8 ,if not1 it is only because many prefer the cudgel1 which they use liberally on the head1 back1 and limbs of their unfortunate white slaves6 ,how many think you 7in this religious city of ,philadelphia7 white masters1 and white husbands1 and white fathers1 are annually bound over or punished for cruelty to their white apprentices--white wives--and white children8 ,and how many more are they1 whose barbarity never comes to light1 or whose wealth shelters them8 ,methinks the effects of the cruelty of a husband or of a father1 would be just as sore on the back or head of a wife1 or of a child1 as if they were the effects of the cruelty of a slave-holder3 a rose smells as sweet by any other name6 ,you reply they cannot sell them here2 ,i answer1 it would be far to the advantage of many if they could4 ,but now to the matter of this chapter3 it is constantly published and circulated by ,abolitionists that so hard-hearted1 brutal1 and inhuman are all the slave-holders in the ,south1 that they all desire slavery1 are all inimical to freedom1 and revel in their iniquity4 ,so far from this being the case1 ,i reply that the vast majority of them1 regret the necessity of holding slaves--are anxious to have them emancipated1 and would hail with delight any plan by means of which they could emancipate them1 with safety to themselves1 and with safety to their slaves4 ,let us hear the testimony of a few of them on the subject1 recollecting that according to the principles of common justice1 as established in all civilized nations1 it is not lawful to consider a man unworthy of credit till he is first proved to be a liar4 ,patrick ,henry says1-- ,i repeat it again1 that it would rejoice my very soul that every one of my fellow beings was emancipated4 ,as we ought with gratitude to admire that decree of heaven which has numbered us among the free1 we ought to lament and deplore the necessity of holding our fellow men in bondage4--,debates in ,virginia ,convention4 ,zachariah ,johnson says1-- ,slavery has been the foundation of that impiety and dissipation which have been so much disseminated among our countrymen4 ,if it were totally abolished1 it would do much good4 ,ibid4 ,judge ,tucker says1-- ,the introduction of slavery into this country1 is1 at this day1 considered among its greatest misfortunes4 ,and in #ahjc1 he said1 after pronouncing slavery to be a calamity1 a reproach1 and a curse1--those who wish to postpone emancipation1 do not reflect that every day renders the task more arduous to be performed4 ,general ,harper says1-- ,it tends1 and may powerfully tend1 to rid us gradually and entirely in the ,united ,states1 of slaves and slavery1 a great moral and political evil1 of increasing virulence and extent1 from which much mischief is now felt1 and very great calamity in future1 is justly apprehended4 ,it speaks not only to our understandings1 but to our senses2 and however it may be derided by some1 or overlooked by others1 who have not the ability or time1 or do not give themselves the trouble to reflect on1 and estimate properly1 the force and extent of those great moral and physical causes1 which prepare gradually1 and at length bring forth the most terrible convulsions in civil society2 it will not be viewed without deep and awful apprehensions by any who shall bring sound minds1 and some share of political knowledge and sagacity1 to the serious consideration of the subject4 ,such persons will give their most serious attention to any proposition which has for its object1 the eradication of this terrible mischief lurking in our vitals4--,letter on ,colonization ,society4 ,darby says1-- ,copying from ,montesquieu1 and not from observation of nature1 climate has been called upon to account for stains on the human character1 imprinted by the hand of political mistake4 ,no country where negro slavery is established1 but must bear1 in part1 the wounds inflicted on nature and justice4 ,without pursuing a train of metaphysical reasoning1 we may at once draw this induction1 that if slavery1 like pain1 is one of the laws of existence1 the latter does not more certainly produce physical weakness1 debility1 and death1 than does the former lessen the purity of virtue in the human breast4--,history of ,louisiana4 ,m',call says1-- ,it is shocking to human nature1 that any race of mankind1 and their posterity1 should be sentenced to perpetual slavery4 ,history of ,georgia4 ,general ,mercer says1-- ,for1 although it is believed1 and is1 indeed1 too obvious to require proof1 that the colonization of the free people of colour alone1 would not only tend to civilize ,africa2 to abolish the slave-trade2 and greatly to advance their own happiness2 but to promote that also of the other classes of society1 the proprietors and slaves2 yet the hope of the gradual and utter abolition of slavery1 in a manner consistent with the rights1 interests1 and happiness of society1 ought never to be abandoned4--,report to ,colonization ,society4 ,f4 ,s4 ,key1 ,esq4 says1-- ,i hope ,i may be excused1 if ,i add1 that the subject which engages us1 is one in which it is our right to act--as much our right to act1 as it is the right of those who differ from us not to act4 ,if we believe in the existence of a great moral and political evil amongst us1 and that duty1 honour1 and interest1 call upon us to prepare the way for its removal1 we must act4 ,all that can be required of us1 is1 that we act discreetly1 c4--,speech before ,colonization ,society4 ,mr4 ,clay says1-- ,if they would repress all tendencies towards liberty and ultimate emancipation1 they must do more than put down the benevolent efforts of this society4 ,they must penetrate the human soul1 and eradicate the light of reason1 and the love of liberty4 ,our friends1 who are cursed with this greatest of human evils1 7slavery17 deserve our kindest attention and consideration4 ,their property and safety are both involved4--,speech before ,colonization ,society4 ,william ,h4 ,fitzhugh1 ,esq4 says1-- ,slavery1 in its mildest form1 is an evil of the darkest character4 ,cruel and unnatural in its origin1 no plea can be urged in justification of its continuance1 but the plea of necessity2 not that necessity which arises from our habits1 our prejudices1 or our wants2 but the necessity which requires us to submit to existing evils1 rather than substitute1 by their removal1 others of a more serious and destructive character4 ,there is no riveted attachment to slavery1 prevailing extensively1 in any portion of our country4 ,its injurious effects on our habits1 our morals1 our individual wealth1 and more especially on our national strength and prosperity1 are universally felt1 and almost universally acknowledged4 ,mr4 ,levasseur says1-- ,happily1 there is no part of the civilized world1 in which it is necessary to discuss the justice or injustice of the principle of negro slavery2 at the present day1 every sane man agrees that it is a monstrosity1 and it would be altogether inaccurate1 to suppose that there are in the ,united ,states1 more than elsewhere1 individuals sufficiently senseless to seek to defend it1 either by their writings or conversation4 ,for myself1 who have traversed the twenty-four states of the ,union1 and in the course of a year have had more than one opportunity of hearing long and keen discussions upon this subject1 ,i declare that ,i never have found but a single person1 who seriously defended this principle4 ,this was a young man1 whose head1 sufficiently imperfect in its organization1 was filled with confused and ridiculous notions relative to ,roman ,history2 and appeared to be completely ignorant of the history of his own country4 ,it would be waste of time1 to repeat here1 his crude and ignorant tirade4 ,these are the sentiments of ,,men ,,of ,,eminent ,,talents1 ,,citizens ,,of ,,the ,,south1 ,,and ,,slave-,,holders6 ,lastly1 the ,southern ,reporter says1-- ,the conscientious slave-holder deserves a larger share of the sympathy of those who have sympathy to spare1 than any other class of men1 not excepting the slave himself4 ,one great evil of the system is its tendency to produce disorder and poverty in a country4 ,the slave-trade may be regarded as a conspiracy of all ,europe and the commercial part of this continent1 not only against ,africa1 but in a more aggravated sense1 against these southern regions4 ,almost all masters1 in ,virginia1 assent to the proposition1 that when slaves can be liberated without danger to themselves1 and to their own advantage1 it ought to be done4 ,if there are few who think otherwise in ,virginia1 ,i feel assured that there are few such any where in the south6 ,see ,dr4 ,reese's ,letters to the ,hon4 ,william ,jay1 p4 #ej-ec4 ,but if it be now asked why do they not liberate them1 as they appear so anxious so to do8 ,i reply that totally independent of the considerations above stated1 the law of the land prohibits their so doing unless they give large security1 or send them abroad4 ,so that in fact the ,abolitionists themselves are now the actual slave-holders of thousands6 ,for by their calumniating and misrepresenting the motives of the advocates of the ,colonization ,society1 they have prevented the influx of such means to that body as would have enabled it to relieve the slave-holder from that bondage under which he labours1 and thus free his slaves6 ,another calumny circulated is respecting the state of ignorance and irreligion in which all the slave-holders keep their slaves4 ,this is as great a falsehood as ever was uttered by man or ,devils1 if we are to give any credit to the testimony of every good and pious man who lives in1 or has visited1 the ,south4 ,the following testimony ,i the more readily adduce because it is taken from the ,report published by the ,abolitionists1 of the ,discussion between ,mr4 ,breckinridge and ,mr4 ,thompson2 and the truth of which ,i find the latter gentleman does not attempt to deny4 ,,religious ,,instruction ,,of ,,slaves4 ,the ,southern ,evangelical ,society1 is the title of a proposed association1 among the ,presbyterians of the ,south1 for the propagation of the gospel among the people of colour4 ,the constitution originated in the synod of ,north ,carolina1 and is to go into effect as soon as adopted by the synod of ,virginia1 or that of ,south ,carolina and ,georgia4 ,the voting members of the society are to be elected by the synods4 ,honorary members are created by the payment of #cj dollars4 ,all members of synods united with the society are corresponding members--other corresponding members may be chosen by the voting members4 ,article #dth of the constitution provides that 'there shall not exist between this society and any other society1 any connexion whatever1 except with a similar society in the slave-holding states4' ,several resolutions follow the constitution--one of these provides that a presbytery in a slave-holding district of the country1 not united with a synod in connexion with the society1 may become a member by its own act4 ,the #eth and #fth resolutions are as follows3-- ,resolved1 #e4 ,that it be very respectfully and earnestly recommended to all the heads of families in connexion with our congregations1 to take up and vigorously prosecute the business of seeking the salvation of the slaves in the way of maintaining and promoting family religion4 ,resolved1 #f4 ,that it be enjoined on all the presbyteries composing this synod to take order at their earliest meeting to obtain full and correct statistical information as to the number of people of colour1 in the bounds of our several congregations1 the number in actual attendance at our several places of worship1 and the number of coloured members in our several churches1 and make a full report to the synod at its next meeting1 and for this purpose1 that the clerk of this synod furnish a copy of this resolution to the stated clerk of each presbytery4 ,the next document carried them one state farther ,south1 and related to ,south ,carolina1 in which that horrible ,gov4 ,m',duffie1 who seems to haunt ,mr4 ,thompson's imagination with his threats of 'death without benefit of clergy1' lives1 and perhaps still rules4 ,it is taken from the same paper as the next preceding extract3-- ,,religious ,,instruction ,,of ,,slaves4 ,from an intelligent ,new ,englander at the ,south3-- ,to the ,editor of the ,new ,york ,observer-- ,i am apprehensive that many of your readers1 who feel a lively interest in the welfare of the slaves1 are not correctly and fully informed as to their amount of religious instruction4 ,from the speeches of ,mr4 ,thompson and others1 they might be led to believe that slaves in our ,southern states never read a ,bible1 hear a gospel sermon1 or partake of a gospel ordinance4 ,it is to be hoped1 however1 that little credit will be given to such misrepresentations1 notwithstanding the zeal and industry with which they are disseminated4 ,what has been done on a single ,plantation4 ,i will now inform your readers what has been done1 and is now doing1 for the moral and religious improvement of the slaves on a single plantation1 with which ,i am well acquainted1 and these few facts may serve as a commentary on the unsupported assertions of ,mr4 ,thompson and others4 ,and here ,i could wish that all who are so ready to denounce every man that is so unfortunate as to be born to a heritage of slaves1 could go to that plantation1 and see with their own eyes1 and hear with their own ears1 the things which ,i despair of adequately describing4 ,truly1 ,i think they would be more inclined1 and better qualified to use those weapons of light and love which have been so ably and justly commended to their hands4 ,on this plantation there are from #aej to #bjj slaves1 the finest looking body that ,i have seen on any estate4 ,their master and mistress have felt for years how solemn are the responsibilities connected with such a charge2 and they have not shrunk from meeting them4 ,the means used for their spiritual good1 are abundant4 ,they enjoy the constant preaching of the gospel4 ,a young minister of the ,presbyterian church1 who has received a regular collegiate and theological education1 is labouring among them1 and derives his entire support from the master1 with the exception of a trifling sum which he receives for preaching one ,sabbath in each month1 for a neighbouring church4 ,on the ,sabbath and during the week you may see them filling the place of worship1 from the man of gray hairs to the small child1 all neatly and comfortably clothed1 listening with respectful1 and in many cases1 eager attention to the truth as it is in ,jesus1 delivered in terms adapted to their capacities1 and in a manner suited to their peculiar habits1 feelings and circumstances2--engaging with solemnity and propriety in the solemn exercise of prayer1 and mingling their melodious voices in the hymn of praise4 ,sitting among them are the white members of the family encouraging them by their attendance1 manifesting their interest in the exercises1 and their anxiety for the eternal well being of their people4 ,of the whole number #de or #ej have made a profession of religion1 and others are evidently deeply concerned4 ,let me now conduct you to a ,bible class of #aj or #ab adults who can read1 met with their ,bibles to study and have explained to them the word of ,god4 ,they give unequivocal demonstrations of much interest in their employment1 and of an earnest desire to understand and remember what they read4 ,from hence we will go to another room where are assembled #ah or #bj lads attending upon catechetical instruction conducted by their young master4 ,here you will notice many intelligent countenances1 and will be struck with the promptitude and correctness of their answers4 ,but the most interesting spectacle is yet before you4 ,it is to be witnessed in the ,infant ,school ,room1 nicely fitted up and supplied with the customary cards and other appurtenances4 ,here1 every day in the week1 you may find #be or #cj children neatly clad1 and wearing bright and happy faces4 ,and as you notice their correct deportment1 hear their unhesitating replies to the questions proposed1 and above all1 when they unite their sweet voices in their touching songs1 if your heart is not affected and your eyes do not fill1 you are the hardest-hearted and driest-eyed visitor that has ever been there4 ,but who is their teacher8 ,their mistress1 a lady whose amiable christian character1 and most gifted and accomplished manners are surpassed by none4 ,from day to day--month to month1 and year to year1 she has cheerfully left her splendid halls and circle of friends to visit her school room1 where1 standing up before those young immortals1 she trains them in the way in which they should go1 and leads them to ,him who said1 'suffer little children to come unto me4' ,from the ,infant ,school ,room1 we will walk through a beautiful lawn half a mile1 to a pleasant grove commanding a view of miles in extent4 ,here is a brick chapel rising for the accommodation of this interesting family--sufficiently large to receive #b or #cjj hearers4 ,when completed1 in beauty and convenience it will be surpassed by few churches in the ,southern country4 ,on the plantation you might see also many other things of great interest4 ,here a negro is the overseer4 ,marriages are regularly contracted4 ,no negro is sold1 except as a punishment for bad behaviour1 and a dreaded one it is4 ,none is bought save for the purpose of uniting families4 ,here you will hear no clanking of chains1 no cracking of whips2 7,i have never seen a blow struck on the estate17 and here last1 but not least1 you will find a flourishing ,temperance ,society embracing almost every individual on the premises4 ,and yet the ',christianity of the ,south is a chain-forging1 a whip-platting--marriage discouraging1 ,bible-withholding ,christianity6' ,i have confined myself to a single plantation4 ,but ,i might add many interesting facts in regard to others1 and the state of feeling in general1 but ,i forbear4 ,yours1 c4 ,a ,,new-,,england ,,man4 ,he would now connect the peculiar and local facts of the preceding statement1 with the whole community of slave-holders in the same state2 and show by competent and disinterested testimony the real and common state of things4 ,the following extracts were from a letter printed in the ,new ,york ,observer of ,july #be1 #ahce4 ,i have resided eight years in ,south ,carolina1 and have an extensive acquaintance with the planters of the middle and low country4 ,i have seen much of slavery1 and feel competent to speak in regard to many facts connected with it4 ,what your correspondent has stated of the condition of one plantation1 is1 in its essential points1 a common case throughout the whole circle of my acquaintance4 ,the negroes generally in this state are well fed1 well clothed1 and have the means of religious instruction4 ,according to my best judgment1 the work which a slave here is required to do1 amounts to about one third the ordinary labour commonly performed by a ,new-,england farmer4 ,a similar comparison would hold true in regard to the labour of domestics4 ,in the family where ,i reside1 consisting of nine white persons1 seven slaves are employed to do the work4 ,this is a common case4 ,in the village where ,i live there are about #djj slaves1 and they generally attend church4 ,more than one hundred of them are members of the church4 ,perhaps #bjj are assembled every ,sabbath in the ,sunday ,schools4 ,in my own ,sunday ,school are about #fj1 and most of them professors of religion4 ,they are perfectly accessible and teachable4 ,in the town of my former residence in ,new-,england1 there were #cjj free blacks4 ,no more than #h or #aj of those were professors of religion1 and not more than twice that number could generally be induced to attend church4 ,they could not be induced to send their children to the district schools1 which were always open to them1 nor could they generally be hired to work4 ,they were thievish1 wretched and troublesome4 ,i have no hesitation in saying1 and ,i say it deliberately1 it would be a great blessing to them to exchange conditions with the slaves of the village in which ,i now live4 ,their intellectual and moral characters1 and real means of improvement1 would be promoted by the exchange4 ,there are doubtless some masters who treat their slaves cruelly in this ,state1 but they are exceptions to the general fact4 ,public opinion is in a wholesome state1 and the man who does not treat his slaves kindly1 is disgraced4 ,great and increasing efforts are made to instruct the slaves in religion1 and elevate their characters4 ,missionaries are employed solely for their benefit4 ,it is very common for ministers to preach in the forenoon to the whites1 and in the afternoon of each ,sabbath to the blacks4 ,the slaves of my acquaintance are generally contented and happy4 ,the master is reprobated who will divide families4 ,many thousands of slaves of this ,state give evidence of piety4 ,in many churches they form the majority4 ,thousands of them give daily thanks to ,god1 that they or their fathers were brought to this land of ,slavery4 ,and now1 perhaps1 ,i ought to add1 that ,i am not a slave-holder1 and do not intend to continue in a slave country2 but wherever ,i may be1 ,i intend to speak the ,,truth4 ,the next document related particularly to ,virginia1--the largest and most powerful of the slave states2 but had also a general reference to the whole south1 and to the whole question at issue4 ,the sentiments it contained were entitled to extraordinary consideration1 on account of the source of them4 ,mr4 ,van ,renselaer was the son of one of the most wealthy and distinguished citizens of the great free state of ,new ,york4 ,he had gone to ,virginia to preach to the slaves4 ,he had everywhere succeeded2 was everywhere beloved by the slaves1 and honoured by their masters4 ,he had access to perhaps forty different plantations1--on which he from time to time preached1--and which might have been doubled1 had his strength been equal to the task4 ,in the midst of his usefulness--the storm of abolition arose4 ,mr4 ,thompson1 like some baleful star1 landed on our shores2 organized a reckless agitation1 made many at the north frantic with folly--and as many at the south furious with passion4 ,mr4 ,van ,renselaer1 like many others1 saw a storm raging which they had no power to control2 and like them withdrew from his benevolent labours4 ,the following brief statements made by him at a great meeting of the ,colonization ,society of ,new ,york1 exhibit his own view of the conduct and duty of the parties4 ,the ,rev4 ,cortlandt ,van ,renselaer1 formerly of ,albany1 but who has lately resided in ,virginia1 addressed the meeting1 and after alluding to the difference of opinion which prevailed among the friends of ,colonization1 touching the present condition and treatment of the coloured population in this country1 proceeded to offer reasons why the people of the ,north should approach their brethren in the ,south1 who held the control of the coloured population1 with deference1 and in a spirit of kindness and conciliation4 ,these reasons were briefly as follows3 #a4 ,because the people of the ,south had not consented to the original introduction of slaves into the country1 but had solemnly1 earnestly1 and repeatedly remonstrated against it4 #b4 ,because1 having been born in the presence of slavery1 and accustomed to it from their infancy1 they could not be expected to view it in the same light as we view it at the ,north4 #c4 ,slavery being there established by law1 it was not in the power of individuals to act in regard to it as their personal feelings might dictate4 ,the evil had not been eradicated from the state of ,new ,york all at once3 it had been a gradual process1 commencing with the law of #agii1 and not consummated until #ahbg4 ,ought we to denounce our ,southern neighbours if they refused to do the work at a blow8 #d4 ,the constitution of the ,united ,states1 tolerated slavery1 in its articles apportioning representation with reference to the slave population1 and requiring the surrender of runaway slaves4 #e4 ,slavery had been much mitigated of late years1 and the condition of the slave population much ameliorated4 ,its former rigour was almost unknown1 at least in ,virginia1 and it was lessening continually4 ,it was not consistent with truth to represent the slaves as groaning day and night under the lash of tyrannical task-masters4 ,and as to being kept in perfect ignorance1 ,mr4 ,v4 had seldom seen a plantation where some of the slaves could not read1 and where they were not encouraged to learn4 ,in ,south ,carolina1 where it was said the gospel was systematically denied to the slave1 there were twenty thousand of them church-members in the ,methodist denomination alone4 ,he knew a small church where out of #gj communicants1 #ej were in slavery4 #f4 ,there were very great difficulties connected with the work of ,abolition4 ,the relations of slavery had ramified themselves through all the relations of society4 ,the slaves were comparatively very ignorant2 their character degraded2 and they were unqualified for immediate freedom4 ,a blunder in such a concern as universal ,abolition1 would be no light matter4 ,mr4 ,v4 here referred to the result of experience and personal observation on the mind of the well known ,mr4 ,parker1 late a minister of this city1 but now of ,new ,orleans4 ,he had left this city for the ,south with the feelings of an immediate ,abolitionist2 but he had returned with his views wholly changed4 ,after seeing slavery and slave-holders1 and that at the far ,south1 he now declared the idea of immediate and universal ,abolition to be a gross absurdity4 ,to liberate the two and a half millions of slaves in the midst of us1 would be just as wise and as humane1 as it would be for the father of a numerous family of young children to take them to the front door1 and there bidding them good bye1 tell them they were free1 and send them out into the world to provide for and govern themselves4 #g4 ,foreign interference was1 of necessity1 a delicate thing1 and ought ever to be attempted with the utmost caution4 #h4 ,there was a large amount of unfeigned ,christian anxiety at the ,south to obey ,god and to do good to man4 ,there were many tears and prayers continually poured out over the condition of their coloured people1 and the most earnest desire to mitigate their sorrows4 ,were such persons to be approached with vituperation and anathemas8 #i4 ,there was no reason why all our sympathies should be confined to the coloured race and utterly withheld from our white ,southern brethren4 ,the apostle ,paul exhibited no such spirit4 #aj4 ,a regard to the interest of the slaves themselves dictated a cautious and prudent and forbearing course4 ,it called for conciliation3 for the fate of the slaves depended on the will of their masters1 nor could the ,north prevent it4 ,the late laws against teaching slaves to read had not been passed until the ,southern people found inflammatory publications circulating among the coloured people4 #aa4 ,the spirit of the gospel forbade all violence1 abuse and threatening4 ,the apostles had wished to call fire from heaven on those they considered as ,christ's enemies2 but the ,saviour instead of approving this fiery zeal1 had rebuked it4 #ab4 ,these ,southern people1 who were represented as so grossly violating all ,christian duty1 had been the subjects of gracious blessings from ,god in the outpourings of his ,spirit4 #ac4 ,when ,god convinced men of error1 he did it in the spirit of mercy2 we ought to endeavour to do the same thing in the same spirit4 ,the last testimony that ,i shall adduce on this subject is from ,the ,plea for ,africa p4 #afj1 #afd in which the writer says1 ,there is certainly a pleasing and commendable spirit exhibited1 after all the precautionary provisions of legislative acts1 by the christian community at the ,south1 in respect to the religious instruction of their slaves4 ,i have before me a letter from an eminent clergyman of ,virginia1 a part of which ,i will read1 since you may from such sources be better able to apprehend the true feeling of ,christians at the ,south1 and the actual condition of the slaves3 ',to give you an idea of the feeling of the ,christian community toward that unfortunate class of people which we have among us1 ,i would refer you to the articles which appeared in the ,religious ,telegraph during the last year1 signed1 ',zinzindorf1' and which terminated in passing a resolution in the synod of ,virginia1 recommending every church in the ,state1 to set apart one of its best qualified members1 whose duty it shall be to give religious instruction to the coloured people4 ,and ,i am happy to state1 that many enter upon this self-denying1 though pleasing duty4 ',we hope that the public mind is fast preparing for a general emancipation1 and that the ,christian community will not be remiss in instructing and preparing the coloured people for the colony4 ,the redeeming spirit is amongst us1 ,i hope1 and will not rest till every slave shall be restored to the land of their fathers1 and this ,state placed upon a footing with the other happy ,states of our ,union1 who know not the curses of slavery4' ,i have also before me a letter from ,georgia1 written by a distinguished gentleman to his friend1 on the same subject1 which reads as follows3 ',with regard to your inquiries about the religious instruction of the ,negroes of the ,south1 ,i would state1 that we have much reason to be grateful for what is doing1 and for what in prospect may be done4 ,my knowledge on this subject is confined to ,georgia and ,south ,carolina2 ,i visited ,bryan county1 ,georgia1 a few weeks since1 for the exclusive purpose of seeing what was doing there for the ,negroes4 ,on one plantation ,i found the slaves far more improved1 both as regards their temporal comforts1 and their religious instruction1 than ,i had expected to see4 ,the number of ,negroes on this plantation is1 ,i believe1 about two hundred4 ,they live in framed houses1 raised above the ground--spacious1 and in every way comfortable1 and calculated to promote health4 ,the ,negroes were uniformly clad in a very decent and comfortable way4 ,there is a chapel on the place where the master meets the adults every night at the ringing of the bell4 ,reading a portion of ,scripture1 and explaining it1 singing1 and prayer1 constitute the regular exercises of every night in the week4 ,on the ,sabbath they have different and more protracted exercises4 ',a day school is taught by two young ladies--embracing all the children under twelve or fifteen years of age4 ,the instruction in this and other schools in the county1 is oral1 of course2 but it was gratifying to see how great an amount of knowledge the children had acquired in a few months4 ,a ,presbyterian minister of ,philadelphia was with me1 and he said1 in unqualified terms1 that he visited no infant schools at the ,north better conducted--,schools on the same plan are now established on the several other plantations in the same county4 ,and ,i think ,i may say there is a very general interest getting up on this subject4 ,a large portion of the wealthy planters either have already1 or contemplate building churches on their premises1 and employing chaplains to preach to their slaves4 ,several ,i could mention who1 though they are not pious themselves1 have done this already1 from what they have seen of the beneficial influence of religious instruction on the slaves of other plantations4 ,persons at a distance may be surprised at this fact1 but it is so in a number of cases that ,i could name1 if it were necessary4 ,ministers of all denominations begin to awake to their duty and responsibility on this subject4 ,many of them are now devoting themselves wholly to this portion of our community2 and it is to be hoped that every christian master will soon be brought to an enlightened sense of duty4 ,and if we are allowed to prosecute this work without indiscreet interference on the part of our ,northern brethren1 ,i feel assured that we shall see the ,negroes far more improved in a short time than they are at present4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,of the religious condition of the slaves in ,south ,carolina1 a clergyman in that ,state writes3 ,i am able from authentic information to say1 that of the five hundred and eighty thousand1 which compose the entire population of this ,state1 about sixty-seven thousand are members in the ,baptist1 ,methodist1 ,presbyterian1 and ,episcopalian churches4 ,of these communicants more than forty thousand are slaves4 ,the whole slave population is #cae1jjj4 ,it is easily seen1 therefore1 that of the white population about one-seventh are church members4 ,it is proper these facts should come into the estimate of the religious condition and prospects of our slaves4 ,in ,new-,england there are twenty thousand1 and in the free states a hundred and twenty-thousand blacks4 ,i should be glad to see a comparison of their religious condition with that of our slaves in this one item4 ,do you believe that one-twentieth of them are communicants8 ,and do you believe that in ,new-,england1 as here1 there is a larger proportion of black than white communicants8 ,and what is doing there to improve the moral condition of the blacks8 99 99 99 99 99 ,i might multiply proofs of a disposition prevailing extensively at the ,south in all the ,states to give to the slaves religious instruction1 and all practicable religious privileges4 ,i think the general feeling on this subject is greatly misapprehended in the non-slave-holding ,states4 ,the evils of slavery are great1 but they ought not to be magnified either by representing the slaves as deprived of all religious privileges1 or their masters as destitute of christian benevolence and the feelings of humanity4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,colonization ,,principles ,,vindicated--,,calumnies ,,refuted--,,the ,,good ,,colonization ,,has ,,already ,,done--,,is ,,doing--,,and ,,the ,,incalculable ,,good ,,it ,,will ,,do1 ,,if ,,duly ,,patronised4 ,the ,colonization ,society was formed in ,washington1 ,december #bast1 #ahaf2 and not in ,virginia1 as ,abolitionists falsely assert4 ,amongst its most prominent promoters and founders1 were1 ,,finlay--,,caldwell--and ,,mills2 than whom none were more excellent and pious3 they were not slave-holders1 as ,abolitionists falsely assert4 ,although the simple object of this ,society is the colonization of the free people of colour1 who voluntarily desire to go abroad1 yet the members of it are decidedly opposed to slavery4 ,and although as a body they do not attempt to interfere with the rights of the slave-holder1 yet as individuals they have1 and do exercise their utmost powers to diminish the evils of slavery--to provide1 for the liberated person of colour1 and to induce the slave-holder to emancipate his slaves2 and all this consistent with the legal interest of the owner1 and consistent with the laws of ,god4 ,nothing could more satisfactorily prove the truth of these statements than the two following facts1 #ast1 that the actual ,,pro-,,slavery party denounce the ,colonization ,society2 and #b;dly1 that vast numbers of slaves have been emancipated through the influence of this ,society4 ,dr4 ,reese says in his work before quoted1 p4 #da1 ,the society does not merely promise to promote ,abolition1 but exerts a mighty and successful moral influence in actually abolishing slavery4 ,and here ,i will not refer to the truth1 which he who runs may read1 that in ,kentucky1 ,delaware1 ,maryland1 and even ,virginia itself1 it is now openly avowed that 'colonization doctrines have sealed the death warrant of slavery6' ,hence the pro-slavery party have declared that 'colonization and emancipation are synonymous terms1 and that the approach of the former must be resisted6' ,at a meeting of the same party in ,charleston1 the following toast was given1 ',may the infernal regions soon be colonized with the officers of the ,colonization ,society6' ,and while labouring with your misguided associates in the ,north1 to hold up the ,colonization ,society1 as hypocritical in its professions to exert a moral influence towards the voluntary and utter abolition of slavery1 you are leagued with 'all the advocates of the negro's perpetual bondage1 who are the bitter uncompromising enemies of the society4' ,the ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,danforth states on his own personal knowledge1 that in ,south ,carolina1 'the society1 and every thing connected with it1 are held in extreme abhorrence by our leading men1 our politicians and wealthy planters4 ,it is so unpopular an institution1 that very few name it publicly1--it is regarded here as a northern scheme to wrest from us our slaves4' ,in your anti-colonization efforts then1 you are associated in action with the very men1 whose character as slave-holders is so odious1 that you deprecate their connexion with the colonization cause1 as an unpardonable sin4 ,let me conjure you1 sir1 no longer to be 'jostled by the trafficker in human flesh1' in your crusade against the society or its benevolent objects1 but abandon the 'bad eminence' to which your 'want of information' has unhappily raised you4 ,the following manumissions are the legitimate result of the 'moral influence' of the ,colonization ,society4 #fg3;,a,it would be endless to enumerate the cases of this kind that have occurred4 ,some of them must be recorded1 that the acts and the names of the parties1 where known1 may have the applause to which they are entitled1 and1 what is of more consequence1 that they may serve as stimuli to others1 to follow the noble example4 ,a lady1 near ,charleston1 ,va4 liberated all her slaves1 ten in number1 to be sent to ,liberia2 and moreover purchased two1 whose families were among her slaves4 ,for the one she gave #dej1 and for the other #cej4 ,the late ,william ,fitzhugh bequeathed their freedom to all his slaves1 after a certain fixed period1 and ordered that their expenses should be paid to whatsoever place they should think proper to go4 ,and1 'as an encouragement to them to emigrate to the ,american colony on the coast of ,africa1 where1' adds the will1 ',i believe their happiness will be more permanently secured1 ,i desire not only that the expenses of their emigration be paid1 but that the sum of fifty dollars be paid to each one so emigrating1 on his or her arrival in ,africa4' ,david ,shriver1 of ,frederick co4 ,maryland1 ordered by his will1 that all his slaves1 thirty in number1 should be emancipated1 and that proper provision should be made for the comfortable support of the infirm and aged1 and for the instruction of the young in reading1 writing1 and arithmetic1 and in some art or trade1 by which they might acquire the means of support4 ,col4 ,smith1 an old revolutionary officer1 of ,sussex county1 ,va4 ordered in his will1 that all his slaves1 seventy or eighty in number1 should be emancipated2 and bequeathed above #ejjj to defray the expense of transporting them to ,liberia4 ,patsey ,morris1 of ,louisa co41 ,va4 directed by will1 that all her slaves1 sixteen in number1 should be emancipated1 and left #ejj to fit them out1 and defray the expense of their passage4 ,the schooner ,randolph1 which sailed from ,georgetown1 ,south ,carolina1 had on board twenty-six slaves1 liberated by a benevolent individual near ,cheraw4 ,of #aje emigrants1 who sailed in the brig ,doris1 from ,baltimore and ,norfolk1 sixty-two were emancipated on condition of being conveyed to ,liberia4 ,sampson ,david1 late a member of the legislature of ,tennessee1 provided by will1 that all his slaves1 twenty-two in number1 who are mostly young1 should be liberated in #ahdj1 or sooner1 at his wife's decease1 if she died before that period4 ,herbert ,b4 ,elder1 of ,petersburg1 ,va4 bequeathed their freedom to all his slaves1 twenty in number1 with directions that they should be conveyed to ,liberia1 by the first opportunity4 ,a gentleman in ,georgia1 has recently left forty-nine slaves free1 on condition of their removal to ,liberia4 ,mrs4 ,elizabeth ,morris1 of ,bourbon co41 ,va4 provided by will for the emancipation of her slaves1 about forty in number4 ,david ,patterson1 of ,orange co41 ,north ,carolina1 freed eleven slaves1 to be sent to ,liberia4 ,rev4 ,fletcher ,andrew gave freedom to twenty1 who constituted most of his property1 for the same purpose4 ,nathaniel ,crenshaw1 near ,richmond1 liberated sixty slaves1 with a view to have them sent to ,liberia4 ,rev4 ,robert ,cox1 ,suffolk co41 ,va4 provided by his will for the emancipation of all his slaves1 upwards of thirty1 and left several hundred dollars to pay their passage to ,liberia4 ,joseph ,leonard ,smith1 of ,frederick co41 ,md4 liberated twelve slaves1 who sailed from ,baltimore for ,liberia4 ,of #ajg coloured persons who sailed in the ,carolinian1 from ,norfolk for ,liberia1 forty-five were emancipated on condition of being sent there4 ,in the brig ,criterion1 which sailed from ,norfolk for ,liberia1 on the #b;d ,august1 #ahca1 there were forty-six persons who had been liberated1 on condition of proceeding to ,liberia2 #ah by ,mrs4 ,greenfield1 near ,natchez2 #h by ,mr4 ,williams1 of ,elizabeth city1 ,n4 ,c42 #g by ,gen4 ,jacocks1 of ,perquimans1 ,ohio2 #d by ,thomas ,davis1 ,montgomery co4 ,miss42 #b by two other individuals2 and #e by some of the ,quakers in ,north ,carolina4 ,of those liberated slaves1 #b only were above #dj years of age1 #bb were under #ce1 and #bb under #bj4 ,a gentleman in ,n4 ,c41 last year1 gave freedom to all his slaves1 #ad in number1 and provided #bj dollars each1 to pay their passage to ,liberia4 ,mrs4 ,j4 of ,mercer co41 ,kentucky1 and her two sons1 one a clergyman1 and the other a physician1 lately offered the ,colonization ,society1 sixty slaves1 to be conveyed to ,liberia4 ,henry ,robertson1 of ,hampton1 ,va41 bequeathed their freedom to seven slaves1 and fifty dollars to each1 to aid in their removal to ,liberia4 ,william ,fletcher1 of ,perquimans1 ,n4 ,c41 ordered by will1 that his slaves1 twelve in number1 should be hired out for a year after his death1 to earn wherewith to pay for their conveyance to ,liberia4 ,a gentleman in ,kentucky1 lately wrote to the secretary of the society1 ',i will willingly give up twelve or fifteen of my coloured people at this time2 and so on gradually1 till the whole1 about sixty1 are given up1 if means for their passage can be afforded4' ,on board the ,harriet1 from ,norfolk1 of one hundred and sixty emigrants1 between forty and fifty had been slaves1 emancipated on condition of being sent to ,africa4 ,in addition to these instances1 several others might be added1 particularly that of ,richard ,bibb1 ,esq41 of ,kentucky1 who proposes to send sixty slaves to ,liberia--two gentlemen in ,missouri1 who desire to send eleven slaves--a lady in ,kentucky offers forty--the ,rev4 ,john ,c4 ,burress1 of ,alabama1 intends preparing all his slaves for ,colonization--the ,rev4 ,william ,l4 ,breckenridge1 of ,kentucky1 manumitted #aa slaves1 who sailed a few weeks ago from ,new-,orleans4 ,in this work of benevolence1 the ,society of ,friends1 as in so many other cases1 have nobly distinguished themselves1 and assumed a prominent attitude4 ,they have1 in ,north ,carolina1 liberated no less than #feb slaves1 whom they had under their care1 besides1 as says my authority1 an unknown number of children1 husbands and wives1 connected with them by consanguinity1 and of whom1 part went to ,canada1 part to ,liberia1 part to ,hayti1 and a portion to ,ohio4 ,in the performance of these acts of benevolence1 they expended #ab1gei4 ,they had remaining under their care1 in ,december1 #ahcj1 #djb slaves1 for whom similar arrangements were to be made4 ,it holds out every encouragement to the ,colonization ,society1 that the applications for the transportation of free negroes1 and slaves proposed to be emancipated on condition of removal to ,liberia1 far exceed its means4 ,there are1 in ,north ,carolina and the adjacent states1 from three to four thousand of both descriptions1 ready to embark1 were the society in a situation to send them away4 ,r4 ,s4 ,finlay1 ,esq41 at a late anniversary says1-- ,i know that much pains have been taken to calumniate our brethren of the south1 by representing them to be the advocates of perpetual despotism4 ,from an extensive and familiar acquaintance with their views and sentiments1 formed upon actual observation1 ,i know this not to be the fact4 ,i have publicly discussed this subject everywhere in the southern states1 from the eastern shore of ,maryland to the ,gulf of ,mexico1 in the presence of hundreds of slaves at a time1 and with the general approbation of the audience to which my addresses were delivered1--and have uniformly represented it as affording the best and only safe means of gradually and entirely abolishing slavery4 ,indeed1 so well is the moral influence of the operations of this society understood in the extreme south1 that all the advocates of perpetual slavery are bitterly opposed to it1 and none are its advocates1 but the friends of gradual1 peaceful1 and ultimate entire emancipation6 #afth ,report4 ,in a letter1 dated ,nov4 #d1 #ahca1 ,mr4 ,clarkson says1 ,for myself1 ,i freely confess1 that of all the things which have occurred in our favour since the year #aghg1 when the abolition of the slave trade was first seriously proposed1 that which is now going on in the ,united ,states1 under the auspices of the ,american ,colonization ,society1 is most important4 ,it surpasses anything which has yet occurred4 ,no sooner had the colony been founded at ,cape ,montserado1 than there appeared a disposition among the owners of slaves in the ,united ,states to give them freedom voluntarily1 without one farthing of compensation1 and to allow them to be sent to the land of their ancestors4 ,this is to me truly astonishing6 a total change of heart in the planters1 so that many thousands of slaves may be redeemed without any cost of their redemption6 ,can this almost universal feeling have taken place without the intervention of the ,spirit of ,god6 ,within one year it is said that more than #bjjj slaves have been offered the ,colonization ,society from five different ,states1 with the desire expressed on the part of both master and slave1 for a passage to ,liberia4 ,as ,colonization gains ground1 the freedom of untold thousands1 it is to be hoped1 will be secured1 and ,africa gladdened yet more and more with the light of civilization and christianity4 ,abolitionists assert1 with a degree of confidence that not unfrequently makes an unreflecting audience receive that for unquestionable truth1 which has not a shadow of truth in it1 that the ,colonization ,society has done nothing as yet in the cause of the afflicted man of colour6 ,however satisfactorily the preceding instances expose the fallacy of this accusation2 yet that which this ,society has done1 and is doing1 is not confined to these cases2 but extends to still further1 and more important operations1 which may be divided into two distinct heads4 ,first1 the happiness and comfort bestowed on those who have gone to ,liberia2 and secondly1 the considerable check already given to the ,african slave-trade1 by its total suppression along the whole coast of ,liberia4 ,i shall prove the first of these statements by documents drawn up and signed by the coloured inhabitants of ,liberia1 who themselves had once been slaves1 which is1 it is presumed1 the very best possible evidence that could be adduced4 ,at a ,,public ,,meeting1 held pursuant to notice1 in ,,monrovia 7,liberia7 on ,wednesday1 ,sept4 #bith1 #ahcf1 ,j4 ,c4 ,barbour1 ,esq41 in the chair1 the following resolutions were proposed and carried unanimously-- #a4 ,on motion of the ,rev4 ,j4 ,revey1 ,resolved1 ,that this meeting entertain the warmest gratitude for what the ,colonization ,society have done for the people of colour1 and for us particularly1 and that we regard the scheme as entitled to the highest confidence of every man of colour4 #b4 ,on motion of ,s4 ,benedict1 ,esq41 ,resolved1 ,that we return our grateful acknowledgments to 99 99 99 991 99 99 99 991 ,esqrs41 and other early and devoted friends of colonization2 names for which we shall ever cherish the highest esteem2 that we hear with regret1 from misrepresentation or want of accurate information1 they have abandoned the noble scheme2 and that we hope the day is not far distant in which they will again reunite their energies to advance the high and benevolent object4 #c4 ,on motion of ,mr4 ,h4 ,teage1 ,resolved1 ,that this meeting regard the colonizing institution as one of the highest1 holiest1 and most benevolent enterprises of the present day2 that as a plan for the amelioration of the coloured race it takes the precedence of all that have been presented to the attention of the modern world3 that in its operations it is peaceful and safe2 in its tendencies1 beneficial and advantageous2 that it is entitled to the highest veneration and unbounded confidence of every man of colour2 that what it has already accomplished demands our devout thanks and gratitude to those noble and disinterested philanthropists that compose it1 as being1 under ,god1 the greatest earthly benefactors of a despised and depressed portion of the human family4 ,the hour being late1 on motion of ,rev4 ,b4 ,r4 ,wilson1 ,resolved1 ,that the meeting adjourn until to-morrow1 #aj o'clock1 ,a4 ,m41 to the ,first ,baptist ,meeting-house4 99 99 99 99 99 ,thursday1 #ajth4--,met according to adjournment4 #d4 ,on motion of ,james ,brown1 ,esq4--,resolved1 ,that the thanks of this meeting be presented to those ladies of the ,united ,states1 particularly to those of ,new-,york1 ,philadelphia1 and ,richmond1 for their disinterested efforts to educate the children of this colony2 and that they be assured that1 in no department of the colony1 do the effects of colonization shine more conspicuously than in the schools supported by their benevolence4 #e4 ,on motion of ,doctor ,j4 ,w4 ,prout1--,resolved1 ,that this meeting entertain grateful remembrance of ,general ,robert ,g4 ,harper of ,baltimore1 an early and devoted friend of colonization2 also of the name of the late ,daniel ,murray1 ,esq4 of ,baltimore1 and that we regard the ,colonization ,society and its friends as powerfully efficient in elevating the man of colour4 ,whereas it has been widely and maliciously circulated1 in the ,united ,states of ,america1 that the inhabitants of this colony are unhappy in their situation1 and anxious to return3 #f4 ,on motion of ,rev4 ,b4 ,r4 ,wilson1--,resolved1 ,that the report is false and malicious1 and originated only in a design to injure the colony1 by calling off the support and sympathy of its friends3 that1 so far from a desire to return1 we would regard such an event as the greatest calamity that could befall us4 #g4 ,on motion of ,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,mc,gill1--,resolved1 ,that the name of ,rev4 ,r4 ,r4 ,gurley never be forgotten4 #h4 ,on motion of ,s4 ,benedict1 ,esq41--,resolved1 ,that we entertain lively feelings of gratitude towards ,h4 ,r4 ,sheldon1 ,esq4 for his munificent donation towards the erection of a high school in this colony4 #i4 ,on motion of ,mr4 ,uriah ,tyner1--,resolved1 ,that the thanks of this meeting are due to the members of the ,colonization ,society1 for their unwearied zeal to promote the interest of this community4 #aj4 ,on motion of ,mr4 ,lewis ,ciples1--,resolved1 ,that this meeting entertain the highest respect for the memory of the late ,thomas ,s4 ,grimkey1 of ,south ,carolina1 for his persevering efforts in behalf of the ,colonization ,society4 #aa4 ,on motion of ,rev4 ,amos ,herring1--,resolved1 ,that this meeting entertain the deepest gratitude for the members of the ,colonization ,society1 for the organization and continuation of an enterprise1 so noble and praiseworthy as that of restoring to the blessings of liberty1 hundreds and thousands of the sore oppressed and long neglected sons of ,africa2 that we believe it the only institution that can1 under existing circumstances1 succeed in elevating the coloured population2 and that advancement in agriculture1 mechanism1 and science1 will enable us speedily to aspire to a rank with other nations of the earth4 #ab4 ,on motion of ,mr4 ,h4 ,b4 ,matthews1--,success to the wheels of colonization2 may they roll over every opposer1 and roll on1 until all the oppressed sons of ,africa shall be rolled home6 #ac4 ,on motion of ,mr4 ,david ,moore1--,resolved1 ,that we recollect1 with peculiar satisfaction1 the active part which the benevolent1 in the state of ,mississippi1 have taken in the welfare of this colony4 #ad4 ,on motion of ,major ,l4 ,r4 ,johnson1--,resolved1 ,that this meeting cherish the most grateful remembrance of the name of the late ,rev4 ,r4 ,finley1 of ,new ,jersey1 the founder and indefatigable patron of this colony4 #ae4 ,on motion of ,j4 ,j4 ,roberts1 ,esq41--,resolved1 ,that the thanks of this meeting be presented to the friends of this colony in ,england4 ,on motion of ,mr4 ,dixon ,b4 ,brown1--,resolved1 ,that the resolutions of this meeting be published in the ,liberia ,herald4 ,the second statement which ,i have made respecting what the ,colonization ,society has done towards checking the slave-trade1 cannot better be substantiated than by the following paragraph taken from the ,colonization ,herald of ,sept4 #eth1 #ahce4 ,the success of the ,colonization ,society1 may indeed be said to be little short of miraculous--for in the brief space of thirteen years1 with funds whose aggregate amount scarcely equals the individual outlay of ,sir ,walter ,raleigh in ,virginia1 they have banished the slaver from nearly #bjj miles of coast1 and rescued hundreds of his hapless victims--they have settled nearly #djjj emigrants 7one half of them emancipated for the purpose17--they have established schools1 churches1 temperance societies1 and a newspaper3--agriculture1 the mechanic arts1 and a legitimate commerce1 employing nearly twenty sail of coasting vessels1 have sprung up1 while the activity of their foreign commerce is attested by our own marine lists4 ,that the despised ,colonizationists have effected all this1 is beyond the reach of cavil--it is now a part of the history of our enterprising country4 ,and while our opponents have been gravely debating the possibility of establishing one colony1 a little constellation has risen--star by star--and shed its light along the dreary coast1 giving promise of new ',united ,states' in due season4 ,may not these benevolent founders of ,liberia be well satisfied with their experiment8 ,need ,i blush to acknowledge that these results have dispelled all my doubts8 ,and may not the statesman safely assume that if a feeble society1 assailed from its very formation with ridicule and reproach1 has been able to found and sustain a young state1 the patriotism1 the philanthropy1 and the piety of this great nation can accomplish the noble work of justice to them1 and mercy to both8 ,nor is it among the least cheering of the results achieved by this noiseless and unpretending system of practical benevolence to the black man1 that it has won its way to the love1 and confidence1 and gratitude of benevolent proprietors--so that the society has1 from its very commencement1 been distressed by offers of emancipation--distressed1 because its funds have not enabled it to relieve a tithe of the cases presented4 ,there are at this moment1 between one and two thousand applicants for the privilege of ,colonization1 and thousands more are in a state of training for the same purpose4 ,each year's developement of the ample resources of the colonies for securing the welfare of the colonists1 and of their importance to the commerce and manufactures of this country1 will increase the tide of emigration1 until1 with due aid from the national treasury1 the stream shall exceed the annual increase1 and then a rapid decrease in the existing total of coloured population will ensue4 ,this ,i know will be denied--but ,i appeal to facts as the best data for my conclusions4 ,let us then remember that by official returns1 the emigration from the ,united ,kingdom was #gf1jjj last year4 ,and have not our poor blacks quite as many reasons for seeking an asylum in that growing realm--so emphatically their own--from the increasing severity of ,southern laws1 and the horrors of ,northern mobs8 ,will not this be the more extensively felt1 as these ,african ,states open up new channels to profitable industry1 until the emigration shall reach #ef1jjj per annum--which was the average yearly increase of the whole coloured population during the ten years from #ahbj to #ahcj8 ,and when we recollect that they would1 under our system1 be wafted thither free of expense to themselves1 there is every reason to believe their numbers would soon equal the ,british emigration1 which is in most cases at the proper cost of the parties themselves4 ,if only that point was reached1 an access of #bj1jjj per annum would accrue beyond the present natural increase1 and thus create an actual diminution in our coloured population--augmented too1 by the circumstance that the emigrants would generally be of the young1 the active1 and the procreating class--while the relative disproportion of the races would be rapidly felt through the great increase of the whites4 ,i am well aware that it has been most gratuitously and absurdly asserted1 'that our whole marine is insufficient to convey to ,africa this annual increase6' ,and yet #db1jjj tons of shipping1 only making two trips each year1 and allowing each emigrant six times the space allowed on board the slavers--or one ton and a half each--would accommodate the whole6 ,what then shall we say to those who assert that the annual wealth of this great nation1 with a surplus of ten millions annually1 is unable to carry to ,africa1 one-third as many of the offspring of oppression1 as a band of pirates and outlaws each year drag away in chains from her shores6 ,a late writer in ,blackwood's ,magazine1 asserts that no less than #bjj1jjj slaves were shipped in #ahca--,walsh that #ej1jjj were landed at ,rio ,janeiro alone1 in #ahbh4 ,we may1 then1 without difficulty1 colonize #ajj1jjj annually--a number that would in thirty years transfer our whole coloured population to ,africa1 by an outlay of three millions of dollars yearly1--a sum which the weekly contribution of three cents by one-seventh of our people1 would supply2 or1 if voted as a measure of justice for the many wrongs received at our hands by poor ,africa and her children1 would afford a safe mode of depleting our overburdened treasury4 ,to the above may be added the testimony of ,mr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,c4 ,finlay1 who1 writing from ,millsburg1 in the colony of ,liberia1 to the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wilson1 of ,cincinnati1 under date of #fth ,december1 #ahcd1 says1-- ,the colony of ,liberia has done at least five times as much towards abolishing the slave-trade on this coast1 as the whole of the ,united ,states4 ,as to the objections which have been raised against the climate of ,liberia1 and the ill-health which the settlers first suffered1 ,i am only astonished how any one in ,america could allow such futile arguments to influence them6 ,it is an undeniable fact that the first inhabitants of all new countries suffer much from ill-health1 and that just in proportion to the fertility of the soil2 which is evidently attributable to the impregnation of the air and water with the gases arising from the quantity of decomposing vegetable matter with which the ground is covered1 and which renders the land1 after due cultivation1 most productive4 ,do ,americans forget the fact in respect to the now flourishing ,state of ,louisiana8 ,the colony of ,iberville was begun to be settled in #afii1 and in the ensuing thirteen years1 #bejj colonists were landed there1 out of whom only #djj whites and #bj negroes remained at the end of that time4 ,on the ,island of ,orleans1 where a settlement was begun in #agag1 the early settlers died by hundreds2 and both settlements were given up once or twice1 by those who began them1 and commenced anew by other hands4 ,it was so with ,jamestown3 it was so with ,plymouth1 although in a northern climate4 ,they were both desolated by sickness1 and the mortality was far greater than it has ever been in ,liberia4 ,five hundred emigrants at one time landed in ,jamestown1 in ,virginia1 and in less than five months their numbers were reduced to sixty4 ,disaster and defeat seemed to embitter all the struggles of the ,pilgrim fathers at ,plymouth4 ,more than half their number died the first winter4 ,the following testimonies of several highly respectable gentlemen1 ,physicians and others1 as published in the ,plea for ,africa1 7p4 #bcc17 are so satisfactory that to say one word more in refutation of the ,abolition misstatements1 would be an insult to an enlightened community4 #ast4 ,dr4 ,shane1 of ,cincinnati1 went with a company of emigrants to ,liberia in #ahcb1 sailing from ,new-,orleans2 and1 among other things1 writes1 ',i see not in ,liberia as fine and splendid mansions as in the ,united ,states2 nor as extensive and richly stocked farms as the well-tilled lands of ,ohio2 but ,i see a fine and very fertile country1 inviting its poor and oppressed sons to thrust in their sickles and gather up its fullness4 ,i here see many who left the ,united ,states in straitened circumstances1 living with all the comforts of life around them2 enjoying a respectable and useful station in society1 and wondering that their brethren in the ,united ,states1 who have it in their power1 do not flee to this asylum of happiness and liberty1 where they can enjoy all the unalienable rights of man4 99 99 ,i do not think an unprejudiced person can visit here without becoming an ardent and sincere friend of colonization4 ,i can attribute the apathy and indifference on which it is looked by many1 as arising from ignorance on the subject alone1 and would that every free coloured man in the ,united ,states could get a glimpse of his brethren1 their situation and prospects4 99 99 99 ,let but the coloured man come and see for himself1 and the tear of gratitude will beam in his eye1 as he looks forward to the not far distant day1 when ,liberia shall take her stand among the nations of the world1 and proclaim abroad an empire founded by benevolence1 offering a home to the poor1 oppressed1 and weary4 ,nothing but a want of knowledge of ,liberia1 prevents thousands of honest1 industrious free blacks from rushing to this heaven-blessed land1 where liberty and religion1 with all their blessings1 are enjoyed4' #b;d4 ,captain ,kennedy1 who visited ,liberia in #ahca1 says1 'with impressions unfavourable to the scheme of the ,colonization ,society1 ,i commenced my inquiries4' ,the colonists 'considered that they had started into a new existence4 99 99 ,they felt themselves proud in their attitude4' ,he further says1 'many of the settlers appear to be rapidly acquiring property2 and ,i have no doubt they are doing better for themselves and for their children1 in ,liberia1 than they could do in any other part of the world4' #c;d4 ,captain ,nicholson of the ,united ,states' ,navy1 gave as favourable a report4 ,captain ,abels says1 ',my expectations were more than realized4 ,i saw no intemperance1 nor did ,i hear a profane word uttered by any one4 ,i know of no place where the ,sabbath seems to be more respected than in ,monrovia4' #dth4 ,a distinguished ,british naval officer1 who passed three years on the ,african coast1 published a favourable notice of the colony1 in the ,amulet for #ahcb1 in which he bears this testimony3--',the complete success of this colony is a proof that the ,negroes are1 by proper care and attention1 as susceptible of the habits of industry1 and the improvements of social life1 as any other race of human beings2 and that the amelioration of the condition of the black people on the coast of ,africa1 by means of such colonies1 is not chimerical4 ,wherever the influence of the colony extends1 the slave-trade has been abandoned by the natives1 and the peaceable pursuits of legitimate commerce established in its place4 ,they not only live on terms of harmony and good will together1 but the colonists are looked upon with a certain degree of respect by those of their own colour2 and the force of their example is likely to have a strong effect in inducing the people about them to adopt it4 ,a few colonies of this kind1 scattered along the coast1 would be of infinite value in improving the natives4' ,governor ,mechlin has said1 ',as to the morals of the colonists1 ,i consider them much better than those of the people of the ,united ,states2 i4 e4 you may take an equal number of the inhabitants from any section of the ,union1 and you will find more drunkenness1 more profane swearers and ,sabbath-breakers1 than in ,liberia4 ,you rarely hear an oath1 and as to riots and breaches of the peace1 ,i recollect but one instance1 and that of a trifling nature1 that has come under my notice since ,i assumed the government of the colony4' ,captain ,sherman has said1 ',there is a greater proportion of moral and religious characters in ,monrovia than in the city of ,philadelphia4' ,lastly1 ,dr4 ,george ,t4 ,todsen1 ,colonial ,physician1 writes thus1-- ,being requested to express my opinion of the climate of ,liberia1 and particularly as to its influence and action upon such persons of colour as are born1 and have lived for years in the ,united ,states1 previous to their arrival in the colony2 ,i have no hesitation in saving that1 after a residence in the colony of nearly five years1 as ,colonial ,physician1 ,i am convinced there is nothing there that1 with ordinary prudence1 the necessaries and comforts of life1 and care and medical attendance1 can endanger the lives of emigrants of colour1 in a greater degree1 than would be done by their removal to almost any other foreign country1 even the most healthy4 ,i shall here state a few facts which the records of the colony will amply confirm4 ,in #ahcj1 in ,november1 ,i embarked on board of the ',volador1' with eighty-five emigrants1 children included4 ,we arrived at ,cape ,mesurado in ,january1 #ahca1 and on the #ast of ,february1 #ahcc1 two years after our arrival1 ,i went round1 inspected the company1 and found1 to my great satisfaction1 that but three children and two adults had died4 ,during that interval1 eleven children were born among that expedition2 so that the whole company had increased to the number of ninety-one1 six more than left the ,united ,states4 ,the same success attended the succeeding expeditions1 until ,june1 when ,i was seized with a violent attack of fever1 from which although ,i partially recovered1 it returned at short intervals1 and reduced me to such a state of debility1 that ,i became unable to pursue and discharge my arduous and exhausting duties4 ,i dwell upon this circumstance1 because it was one of those important events which produced less favourable results in the subsequent bills of mortality in ,liberia1 and created an apprehension in the minds of the friends to ,colonization1 that there is something in the climate of that country inevitably destructive to emigrants of colour from the ,united ,states4 ,this impression has had a most injurious effect on the advancement and prosperity of the colony4 ,but ,i feel most happy in my conviction that it is without the least foundation4 ,i have read in 'a ,narrative of an ,expedition into the interior of ,africa1 by ,macgregor ,laird and ,r4 ,a4 ,k4 ,oldfield1 surviving officers of the ,english expedition1 to the ,niger'--a pretended description of the motives for the establishment1 c4 c41 of the colony of ,liberia1 of its condition as ascertained by them during a three days' visit to its shore4 ,i will briefly state that ,i was at ,caldwell1 in the colony1 when this expedition touched there4 ,no sooner had the iron steamboat ,quorra1 dropt her anchor in the river ,st4 ,paul1 than ,lieut4 ,allen1 ,r4 ,n41 ,mr4 ,lander1 and ,dr4 ,briggs1 paid me a visit1 and invited me on board4 ,although very ill and unable to walk1 ,i accepted their invitation4 ,they were exceedingly kind and attentive to me2 were with me during the greater part of the time they remained in the colony1 7three days17 and we conversed freely as fellow-labourers in the ,african cause4 ,they did not conceal the unhappy dissensions that existed among the members of their expedition4 ,there were two parties2 ,lieut4 ,allen1 ,r4 ,n41 ,mr4 ,lander1 and ,dr4 ,briggs1 belonging to the one2 and ,mr4 ,laird and ,capt4 ,harris to the other4 ,i had little or no intercourse with the latter individuals1 who were represented to me1 particularly ,laird1 as having embarked in the expedition solely from mercenary motives4 ,as regards his charges and statements about the real motives of the ,colonization ,society1 they are too absurd to notice4 ,his stuff about the sterility of the soil of ,liberia1 thousands can answer2 besides1 ,i am pretty certain he never put his foot on terra firma while there4 ,every friend to science and humanity must lament the premature death of by far the most able and respectable members of that expedition2 and no one can be surprised that a man1 actuated solely by the love of gain1 should seize on calumny and detraction1 on any subject originating or connected with ,america or ,americans1 and to be presented to ,english readers1 as a never-failing means of success4 ,,geo4 ,t4 ,,todsen4 ,i shall conclude these testimonies with the following extract from the ,colonization ,herald of ,march #ahch1 which was written by a gentleman of most unquestionable veracity1 and who resided for some time in ,liberia4 ,it is now ,,sixteen ,,years since the first settlement in ,liberia was established1 on ,cape ,mesurado4 ,in #ahba the ,american ,colonization ,society purchased a part of the ,island of ,sherboro1 distant about #abj miles from ,cape ,mesurado1 and during that year and the following a vigorous1 but ineffectual effort was made to plant a colony there4 ,the treachery of the natives1 the insalubrity of the climate1 and a series of melancholy disasters finally compelled its abandonment1 and the society directed its attention to the more eligible scite mentioned above2 where1 in #ahbb1 after a protracted negotiation1 a purchase was made1 and a feeble band of emigrants took possession4 ,as my object at present is not to trace the progress of the colony through its various fortunes1 ,i shall reserve for another article an account of the early trials and difficulties1 as well as the manly daring and heroic achievements with which its history is fraught1 and come at once to the bright picture of its present condition and prospects4 ,liberia 7stretching along #cjj miles of the coast1 and extending from #aj to #dj miles inland7 now numbers four separate colonies1 viz3 ,,monrovia1 established by the ,american ,colonization ,society1 including the towns of ,monrovia1 ,new ,georgia1 ,caldwell1 ,millsburgh1 and ,marshall-- ,,bassa ,,cove1 established by the ,united ,colonization ,societies of ,new ,york and ,pennsylvania4 ,this colony includes ,bassa ,cove and ,edina4 ,the latter village was founded by the ,american ,colonization ,society1 and lately ceded to the ,united ,societies-- ,,greenville1 established by the ,mississippi and ,louisiana ,colonization ,societies1 at ,,sinou-- ,,maryland1 established by the ,maryland ,colonization ,society at ,cape ,palmos4 ,in the ,,nine ,,villages enumerated above1 there is a population of about #ejjj--;all of course coloured persons--of which ,,three ,,thousand ,,five ,,hundred are emigrants from this country1 and the remainder natives of ,africa1 mostly youth1 who have come into the colonies to learn ',merica fash1' and make themselves 'white men1' by conforming to the habits of civilization1 and becoming subject to our laws4 ,the commerce of the colonies1 though in its infancy1 is already extensive4 ,from #hj1jjj to #abe1jjj is exported annually1 in camwood1 ivory1 palm oil1 and hides2 and an equal or greater amount of the manufactures and productions of ,europe and ,america are brought into the colonies in return4 ,monrovia1 which is the largest town and principal seaport1 carries on a considerable coasting trade1 by means of small vessels built and owned by her own citizens4 ,not less than #ab or #ae of these1 averaging from #aj to #cj tons burden1 manned and navigated by the colonists1 are constantly engaged in a profitable trade along seven hundred miles of the coast4 ,the harbour of ,monrovia is seldom clear of foreign vessels2 more than ,,seventy of which1 from the ,united ,states1 ,england1 ,france1 ,sweden1 ,portugal and ,denmark1 touch there annually4 ,,bassa ,,cove and ,,cape ,,palmas have both good harbours1 and possess great advantages for commerce4 ,already their waters are gladdened by the frequent presence of traders from other countries1 and in a few years1 when the hand of enterprise shall have developed the rich mines of wealth which nature has so abundantly provided there1 these growing towns will become the centres of an extensive and important business4 ,,sinou1 too1 possesses an excellent harbour1 and is the natural outlet of a vast tract of rich and productive country4 ,under the fostering hand of its enterprising founders1 it must soon become an important link in the great maritime chain of ,americo-,african establishments4 ,the productions of the country1 which may be raised in any quantity for exportation1 are coffee1 cotton1 sugar1 rice1 indigo1 palm oil1 together with the gums1 dye-woods1 ivory1 c41 which are collected from the forests4 ,the state of morals in the colonies is emphatically of a high order4 ,sabbath-breaking1 drunkenness1 profanity1 and quarrelling are vices almost unknown in ,liberia4 ,a temperance society formed in #ahcd numbered in a few weeks after its organization #ejj members2 at that time more than one-fifth of the whole population4 ,at ,,bassa ,,cove and ,,cape ,,palmas1 the sale and use of ardent spirits are forbidden by law4 ,in the other colonies the ban of public opinion so effectually prohibits dram drinking that no respectable person would dare indulge an appetite so disreputable4 ,there are ,,eighteen ,,churches in ,liberia1 viz4 at ,monrovia #d1 ,new ,georgia #b1 ,caldwell #b1 ,millsburgh #b1 ,edina #b1 ,bassa ,cove #c1 ,marshall #a1 ,cape ,palmas #b4 ,of these1 #h are ,baptist1 #c ,presbyterian1 and #a ,episcopalian4 ,as there are ,,forty ,,clergymen in the colonies1 all the churches are not only regularly supplied with preaching1 but religious meetings are weekly held in many of the native villages4 ,seven hundred of the colonists1 or one-fifth of the whole population1 are professed ,christians1 in good standing with the several churches with which they are connected4 ,as might be expected1 where so large a proportion of the people is pious1 the general tone of society is religious4 ,no where is the ,sabbath more strictly observed1 or the places of worship better attended4 ,sunday schools and ,bible classes are established generally in the churches1 into which1 in many cases1 the native children are gathered with those of the colonists4 ,there are ten week-day schools in all the settlements1 supported generally by education and missionary societies in this country4 ,the teachers in most cases are coloured persons4 ,a laudable thirst for knowledge pervades the community1 and a great desire is expressed for an academic institution1 toward the support of which they would contribute liberally2 though as yet they are scarcely able to establish one single handed4 ,in some places1 as at ,,bassa ,,cove1 literary societies are formed for mutual improvement1 much on the plan of village lyceums in this country4 ,at ,bassa ,cove and ,monrovia there are public libraries for the use of the people4 ,the one at the former place numbers #abjj or #aejj volumes4 ,a monthly newspaper is published at ,monrovia4 ,the articles in this paper afford good testimony of the general intelligence of the people1 and reflect great credit upon the talented editor1 a coloured man4 ,there are at present #be or #cj white persons connected with the various missionary and education societies1 or attached to the colonies as physicians1 c4 ,the government of ,liberia is essentially republican4 ,all the officers1 except the ,governor1 7who is appointed by the ,colonization ,society7 being chosen by the people4 ,elections are held annually in every village1 and are conducted with great propriety and decorum4 ,a vice-governor1 legislative councillors1 a high sheriff1 constables1 c41 are some of the officers elected annually4 ,the militia is well organized and efficient4 ,the officers and men exhibit a degree of enthusiasm in the performance of their duty seldom witnessed elsewhere2 and on field days their neat and orderly appearance1 their thorough discipline1 and the promptness and precision of their evolutions1 command the admiration of every observer4 ,there are a number of volunteer corps1 regularly uniformed and equipped4 ,these of course are the elite of the ,liberia militia2 and indeed many of them would lose nothing by a comparison with our own city guards4 ,t4 ,b4 ,,conclusion ,,of ,,this ,,chapter4 ,we have before shown that although the only object of the ,colonization ,society is to restore the free man of colour to the land of his fathers1 yet that the accomplishment of this very object necessarily involves the removal of the actual cause of slavery itself1 and of all its horrors1 viz4 the ,african slave-trade4 ,in this respect alone1 if it did no more1 it as far exceeds in utility1 the ,abolition ,scheme1 as the light of the sun exceeds that of a taper4 ,moreover this one fact1 and this alone1 ought to secure for it the patronage of every friend of humanity2 and would no doubt long since have done so1 and have procured for it ample funds from the good people of this country and of ,england1 had its objects not been misrepresented1 particularly in the latter place1 where there is no one sufficiently acquainted with the merits of the case to refute and put to silence those who were1 and are employed1 by the ,anti-,slavery ,society1 for the express purpose of vilifying and calumniating1 before a ,british public1 some of the greatest benefactors this country ever had4 ,it is well known how that indefatigable and disinterested friend of the coloured man1 ,elliott ,cresson1 ,esq41 after he went to ,england1 at his own expense1 for the express purpose of promoting this cause in that country1 was vilified1 calumniated1 and misrepresented by ,american ,abolition ,agents6 ,let any man take a map of ,africa in his hand1 and ask himself the question1 what ,powers on earth could effectually stop a trade carried on along a coast of at least seven thousand miles1 including the various bays and inlets1 c48 ,could the combined naval forces of ,europe and ,america accomplish it1 not even taking into consideration the enormous annual expense of such an enterprise8 ,the very idea is preposterously absurd6 ,we all recollect the difficulty encountered last winter in attempting to guard the ,canadian frontier of only a few hundred miles6 ,are fifty millions of ,africans to be left exposed to the demoralising influence1 and the unspeakable horrors of the slave-trade8 ,and are we to talk of humanity and allow ,,one ,,hundred ,,thousand miserable human beings to be annually dragged from their native land--from their homes--from their parents--from their friends--and be subjected to the horrors described in pages #da1 #db8 ,what means1 what power1 what system1 except the ,colonization ,society1 can check this climax of human barbarity8 ,and by what means are the glorious truths of divine revelation to be disseminated amongst upwards of fifty millions of our fellow creatures except by the pure word of ,god1 the ,bible1 which black man hands to black man1 ,african hands to ,african--and so on1 till this man of sin be consumed by the brightness of the ,gospel1 and the ,ethiopian be enabled to lift up his hand to the living ,god8 ,the ,colonization ,society has1 as already shown1 done much in this work--and all that it has not done is justly attributable to the effects of the misrepresentations of the ,abolition ,champions1 who are1 in this sense1 not only the slave-holders of thousands of slaves1 but the ,,protectors of the ,african ,slave-trade6 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,colonization ,,and ,,abolitionism ,,contrasted6 ,,the ,,colonization ,,operations1 ,,abolition ,,operations1 #a4 ,are directed to the removal of the cause of slavery1 viz3 the ,african slave-trade4 ,see chap4 vi4 #a4 ,are directed to the removal of effects6 ,see p4 #dj4 #b4 ,hence are strictly philosophic1 correct1 and consistent with common sense4 ,see p4 #ci4 #b4 ,hence are unphilosophical1 absurd1 fallacious1 and inefficacious6 ,see p4 #ci4 #c4 ,are consistent with the injunctions and commands of ,god4 ,see chapter vi4 #c4 ,are in direct violation of the laws of ,god6 ,see p4 #cc4 #d4 ,have already removed much of the cause and effects of slavery4 ,see chapter vi4 #d4 ,have not affected in the slightest possible degree the cause of slavery1 except by protecting the ,african slave-trade6 ,see preceding page4 #e4 ,are sanctioned and patronised by most of the enlightened1 the best1 and most religious men in the country4 ,see chapter v4 #e4 ,are patronised and sanctioned by none1 except by the innocent and unsuspecting dupes of brawling orators1 and interested agents6 ,see p4 #bj4 #f4 ,have caused the emancipation of vast numbers1 and that consistently with the laws of ,god4 ,see chapters v4 and vi4 #f4 ,have caused the freedom of not one1 except in a way directly opposed to the will of ,heaven6 ,see p4 #cc4 #g4 ,have ameliorated the condition of thousands of people of colour4 ,see preceding chapter4 #g4 ,have increased the sufferings of thousands of slaves6 ,see preceding chapter4#hi3;,a #h4 ,keepeth not one in bondage4 ,see preceding chapter4 #h4 ,keepeth thousands in bondage6 ,see chapter vi4 #i4 ,exhort all slaves to obey the commands of ,god1 and encourage none who violate them4 #i4 ,exhort all slaves to run off from their masters1 and thus to disobey the commands of ,god6 ,see p4 #cc4 #aj4 ,allay the prejudices of the slave-holder4 #aj4 ,aggravate his prejudices and drive him1 in self-defence1 to the adoption of greater restraints6 #aa4 ,produce patience1 and contentedness among the slaves4 #aa4 ,produce discontent and disobedience among them6 ,see p4 #cc4 #ab4 ,act in every possible way1 consistent with the laws of ,god and man1 and with the safety of both slave and slave-holder1 in removing the evils of slavery4 #ab4 ,act in every possible way in violation of the laws of ,god and man1 and inconsistent with the safety of either slave or slave-holder6 ,,appendix4 ,a4 ,the unexpected length to which this pamphlet has extended prevents the ,author introducing here1 as he had contemplated in page #aa1 an article on the difference of opinion among mankind in all parts and ages of the world1 without divine revelation1 on that which is really good and really evil4 ,see article ,,morality1 in ,the ,christian's ,defensive ,dictionary1 by the ,author4 ,b4 ,extract of an ,address of ,william ,lloyd ,garrison1 ,esq41 from ,,the ,,london ,,patriot1 of ,august1 #ahcc2 and republished in ,,the ,,colonization ,,herald of this ,city1 ,may #afth1 #ahch4 ,i know that there is much declamation about the sacredness of the compact which was formed between the free and the slave states1 on the adoption of the national constitution4 ,a sacred compact1 forsooth6 ,i pronounce it the most bloody and heaven-daring arrangement ever made by man1 for the continuance and protection of a system of the most atrocious villany ever exhibited on earth4 ,yes--,i recognize the compact1 but with feelings of shame and indignation2 and it will be held in everlasting infamy by the friends of justice and humanity throughout the world4 ,it was a contract framed at the sacrifice of the bodies and souls of millions of our race1 for the sake of achieving a political epoch--an unblushing and monstrous coalition to do evil that good might come4 ,such a compact was1 in the nature of things1 and according to the law of ,god1 null and void from the beginning4 ,no body of men ever had the right to guarantee the holding of human beings in bondage4 ,who or what were the framers of the ,american government1 that they should dare to confirm and authorise such a high handed villany--such a flagrant robbery of the inalienable rights of man--such a glaring violation of all the precepts and injunctions of the ,gospel--such a savage war upon the sixth part of their own population8 ,they were men like ourselves--as fallible1 as sinful1 as weak as ourselves4 ,by the infamous bargain which they made between themselves1 they virtually dethroned the ,most ,high ,god1 and trampled beneath their feet their own solemn and heaven-attested declaration1 that all men are created equal1 and endowed by their ,creator with certain unalienable rights1 among which are life1 liberty1 and the pursuit of happiness4 ,they had no lawful power to bind themselves1 or their posterity1 for one hour--for one moment--by such an unholy alliance4 ,it was not valid then--it is not valid now4 ,still they persist in maintaining it--and still do their successors1 the people of ,new ,england1 and of the twelve free states1 persist in maintaining it4 ,a sacred compact6 a sacred compact6 ,what is wicked and ignominious8 7,signed7 ,,wm4 ,,lloyd ,,garrison1 ,agent for the ,new-,england ,anti-,slavery ,society4 ,,conclusion4 ,as it is not improbable that the partisans of ,mr4 ,william ,lloyd ,garrison1 following the example he set them last week in ,pennsylvania ,hall1 7page #ai71 will ask what right has this foreign adventurer to interfere in this question8 ,the simple reply of the ,author is1 that as he will yield precedency to no man on earth1 in subjection and faithfulness to the laws of that country in which it pleases the providence of ,god to place him1 so he considers it his duty to serve it to the utmost of his power1 in obedience to the command of ,,him who is higher than the highest4 ,rom4 xiii4 #a4 ,,notice4 ,it is hoped that the short time consumed in writing the preceding pages will be received by the public as a sufficient apology for any errors2 eight days only having elapsed since the first line of it was written1 to the completion of the stereotyping of the whole work4 ,,footnotes3 #aa3;,a ,see ,appendix ,a4 #ah3;,a ,extract of ,address of ,william ,lloyd ,garrison1 ,esq41 published in the ,london ,patriot of ,august #ahcc4 ,see ,appendix ,b4 #cj3;,a ,that this is the kind of conduct pursued by thousands of slave-holders1 we shall1 in another part of this treatise1 incontrovertibly prove4 #cc3;,a ,see page #ab4 #ci3;,a ,this is described in popular1 not professional1 language4 #de3;,a ,the ,abolition ,champions1 by means of their addresses1 rob 7,i suppose there is no difference between robbing and stealing7 the ,southerner of his legal property6 ,see their exhortations1 c4 to the slaves4 #fg3;,a ,mathew ,carey1 ,esq4 #hi3;,a ,letter from ,w4 ,rawle1 ,esq4 7formerly ,president of the ,anti-,slavery ,society7 to ----1 ,esq4 ,my dear ,sir-- ,the conduct and proceedings of the ,general ,anti-,slavery ,society have not met with my entire approbation4 ,the members appear to me to be actuated by a blind and injudicious zeal1 productive of measures1 the effect of which will be to awaken alarm1 create a determined opposition among the slave-holders1 and delay the progress of conscientious emancipation4 ,that day--the day of general emancipation--will1 ,i trust and believe1 hereafter arrive3 but ,i fear it will be delayed by the institution of societies so warm and so imprudent4 ,june #bg1 #ahcd4 ,the opinion of ,henry ,clay1 ,esq4--,march1 #ahcg4 ,i regret extremely the agitation of the question of immediate abolition4 ,without impugning the motives of those who are concerned in it--indeed with great respect for some of them1 ,i must say in all sincerity1 that ,i do believe it is attended with unmixed mischief4 ,it does no good1 but harm to the slave2 it engenders bad feelings and prejudices between different parts of the ,union1 and it injures the very cause which it professes to espouse4 ,instead of advancing1 ,i believe that it has thrown back to an indefinite time the cause of gradual emancipation--the only mode of getting rid of slavery that has been ever thought to be safe1 prudent or wise in any of the ,states in which slavery now exists4 ,hoping that you will excuse the delay which has occurred in my transmission of an answer to your letter1 ,i am gentlemen1 ,with great respect1 your ob't servant1 ,,henry ,,clay4