,this e-text includes characters that require ,,utf-#h 7,unicode7 file encoding3 78oe0 ligature7 7yogh7 7h with bar1 u with tilde3 both rare7 ,the ,sidenotes include a few ,greek phrases3 ,if any of these characters do not display properly1 or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage1 make sure your text reader's 8character set0 or 8file encoding0 is set to ,unicode 7,,utf-#h74 ,you may also need to change the default font4 ,as a last resort1 use the ,latin-#a version of the file instead4 ,linenotes refer to the ,cambridge ,,ms42 see end of ,introduction4 8,h40 in the ,linenotes is not explained2 ,skeat's edition of ,chaucer's ,complete ,works says that it refers to ,,ms4 ,harley #bdba4 ,text format3 ,in the printed book1 line numbers were squeezed in wherever there was room4 ,for the e-text1 they have been regularized to the ,,eets-standard multiples of #d4 ,line divisions and page numbers were retained for use with the ,index and linenotes1 except that some very short words have been moved up or down to avoid awkward gaps4 ,headnotes have been moved to the nearest convenient line break4 ,italics representing expanded abbreviations are shown in braces4 ,other italics are shown conventionally with lines4 ,superscripts are shown with 7caret72 they always continue to the end of the word4 ,oversized initial letters are shown with double leading as ,a4 ,in the ,appendix1 decorative final letters are shown with single as dar1 sprong4 ,italic thorn 77 and yogh 77 seem to have been unavailable to the printer2 both letters have been formatted to match the surrounding text4 ,the inverted semicolon 7rare7 is shown in brackets as 24 ,all other bracketed letters or letter groups are in the original4 ,in the primary text1 anomalous spellings with initial 8u0 or non-initial 8v0 are not individually noted4 ,other errors1 whether corrected or not1 are listed at the end of the e-text4 ,for this e-text1 ,chaucer's translation of the ,consolatio is given twice3 first as printed1 with all notes and apparatus1 and then as text alone4 ,chaucer's ,translation of ,,boethius',s 8,,de ,,consolatione ,,philosophi0 ,,early ,,english ,,text ,,society ,extra ,series1 ,no4 #e #ahfh 7,reprinted #ahhi1 #ahid1 #ahie1 etc41 #aifi7 ,price #djs4 ,chaucer's ,translation of ,,boethius',s 8,,de ,,consolatione ,,philosophi0 ,edited ,from ,british ,museum ,additional ,,ms4 #aj1cdj ,collated ,with ,cambridge ,university ,library ,,ms4 ,ii4#c4ba ,by ,,richard ,,morris ,published for ,,the ,,early ,,english ,,text ,,society by the ,,oxford ,,university ,,press ,london ,new ,york ,toronto ,first ,published #ahfh ,reprinted #ahhi1 #ahid1 #ahie1 etc41 and #aifi ,extra ,series1 ,no4 #e ,originally printed by ,richard ,clay ,sons ,ltd41 ,london and ,bungay and now reprinted lithographically in ,great ,britain at the ,university ,press1 ,oxford by ,vivian ,ridler ,printer to the ,university ,,introduction4 ,when master hands like those of ,gibbon and ,hallam have sketched the life of ,boethius1 it is well that no meaner man should attempt to mar their pictures4 ,they drew1 perhaps1 the most touching scene in ,middle-age literary history1--the just man in prison1 awaiting death1 consoled by the ,philosophy that had been his light in life1 and handing down to posterity for their comfort and strength the presence of her whose silver rays had been his guide as well under the stars of ,fortune as the mirk of ,fate4 ,with ,milton in his dark days1 ,boece in prison could say1-- #8,i argue not ,against ,heaven's hand or will1 nor bate a jot ,of heart or hope2 but still bear up and steer ,right onward4 ,what supports me1 dost thou ask8 ,the conscience1 friend1 to have lost them overplied ,in liberty's defence1 my noble task1 ,of which all ,europe rings from side to side4' ,for1 indeed1 the echoes of ,boethius1 ,boethius1 rang out loud from every corner of ,european ,literature4 ,an ,alfred awoke them in ,england1 a ,chaucer1 a ,caxton would not let them die2 an ,elizabeth revived them among the glorious music of her reign4,i-#a ,to us1 though far off1 they come with a sweet sound4 #8,the angelic' ,thomas ,aquinas commented on him1 and many others followed the saint's steps4 ,dante read him1 though1 strange to say1 he speaks of the ,consolation as #8a book not known by many4',i-#b ,belgium had her translations--both ,flemish,i-#c and ,french,i-#d2 ,germany hers1,i-#e ,france hers1,i-#f ,italy hers4,i-#g ,the ,latin editors are too numerous to be catalogued here1 and manuscripts abound in all our great libraries4 ,no philosopher was so bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of ,middle-age writers as ,boethius4 ,take up what writer you will1 and you find not only the sentiments1 but the very words of the distinguished old ,roman4 ,and surely we who read him in ,chaucer's tongue1 will not refuse to say that his full-circling meed of glory was other than deserved4 ,nor can we marvel that at the end of our great poet's life1 he was glad that he had swelled the chorus of ,boethius' praise2 and #8of the translacioun of ,boece de ,consolacioun1' thanked #8oure ,lord ,ihesu ,crist and his moder1 and alle the seintes in heuen4' ,the impression made by ,boethius on ,chaucer was evidently very deep4 ,not only did he translate him directly1 as in the present work1 but he read his beloved original over and over again1 as witness the following list1 incomplete of course1 of passages from ,chaucer's poems translated more or less literally from the ,de ,consolatione3 ,footnote ,i-#a3 ,other translations are by ,john ,walton of ,osney1 in verse1 in #adaj 7,reg4 ,,ms4 #ah1 ,a #ac71 first printed at ,tavistock in #aebe1 and to be edited some time or other for the ,e4,e4,t4,s4 ,an anonymous prose version in the ,bodleian4 ,george ,coluile1 alias ,coldewel1 #aeef2 ,j4 ,t4 #afji2 ,h4 ,conningesbye1 #affd2 ,lord ,preston1 #afie1 #agab2 ,w4 ,causton1 #agcj2 ,redpath1 #aghe2 ,r4 ,duncan1 #aghi2 anon4 #agib 7,lowndes74 ,footnote ,i-#b3 ,dante1 in his ,convito1 says1 8,misimi a legger quello non conosciuto da molti libro di ,boezio1 nel quale captivo e discacciato consolato s'avea40 ,footnote ,i-#c3 ,printed at ,ghent1 #adhe4 ,footnote ,i-#d3 ,by ,reynier de ,seinct ,trudon1 printed at ,bruges1 #adgg4 ,footnote ,i-#e3 ,an old version of the #aath cent41 printed by ,graff1 and a modern one printed at ,nuremberg1 #adgc4 ,footnote ,i-#f3 ,by ,jean de ,mung1 printed at ,paris1 #adid4 ,footnote ,i-#g3 ,by ,varchi1 printed at ,florence1 #aeea2 ,parma1 #agih4 ,i4 ,,love4 ,wost thou nat wel the olde clerkes sawe1 ,that who schal yeve a lover eny lawe1 ,love is a grettere lawe1 by my pan1 ,then may be yeve to 7of7 eny erthly man8 7,knightes ,tale1 ,aldine ,series1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cf1 #cg47 ,but what is he at may eue a lawe to loueres4 loue is a gretter lawe and a strengere to hym self an any lawe at men may euen4 7,chaucer's ,prose ,translation1 p4 #ajh47 ,quis legem det amantibus8 ,major lex amor est sibi4 7,boeth41 lib4 iii4 met4 #ab47 ,,ii4 ,a ,,drunken ,,man4 ,a dronke man wot wel he hath an hous1 ,but he not,i-#h which the righte wey is thider4 7,knightes ,tale1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ci47 ,ryt as a dronke man not nat,i-#i by whiche pae he may retourne home to hys house4 7,chaucer's ,trans41 p4 #fg47 ,sed velut ebrius1 domum quo tramite revertatur1 ignorat4 7,boeth41 lib4 iii4 pr4 #b47 ,footnote ,i-#h3 ,the ,harl4 ,,ms4 reads not nat1 to the confusion of the metre4 ,footnote ,i-#i3 ne wot nat knows not4 ,,iii4 ,,the ,,chain ,,of ,,love4 ,the firste moevere of the cause above1 ,whan he first made the fayre cheyne of love1 ,gret was theffect1 and heigh was his entente2 ,wel wist he why1 and what therof he mente2 ,for with that faire cheyne of love he bond ,the fyr1 the watir1 the eyr1 and eek the lond ,in certeyn boundes1 that they may not flee4 7,knightes ,tale1 p4 #ib47 ,that e world with stable feith _/ varieth acordable chaungynges _/_/ at the contraryos qualite of element holden amonge hem self aliaunce perdurable _/ at phebus the sonne with his goldene chariet _/ bryngeth forth the rosene day _/ at the mone hath commaundement ouer the nyhtes _/_/ whiche nyhtes hesperus the eue sterre hath browt _/_/ at e se gredy to flowen constreyneth with a certeyn ende hise floodes _/ so at it is nat leueful to strechche hise brode termes or bowndes vp-on the erthes _/_/ at is to seyn to couere alle the erthe _/_/ ,al this a-cordaunce of thinges is bownden with looue _/ at gouerneth erthe and see _/ and he hath also commaundement to the heuenes _/ and yif this looue slakede the brydelis _/ alle thinges at now louen hem to-gederes _/ wolden maken a batayle contynuely and stryuen to fordoon the fasoun of this worlde _/ the which they now leden in acordable feith by fayre moeuynges _/_/ this looue halt to-gideres poeples _/ ioygned with an hooly bond _/ and knytteth sacrement of maryages of chaste looues _/_/ ,and loue enditeth lawes to trewe felawes _/_/ ,o weleful weere mankynde _/ yif thilke loue at gouerneth heuene gouerned yowre corages _/4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 bk4 ii4 met4 #h47 ,quod mundus stabili fide ,concordes variat vices1 ,quod pugnantia semina ,fdus perpetuum tenent1 ,quod ,phbus roseum diem ,curru provehit aureo1 ,ut quas duxerit ,hesperus ,phbe noctibus imperet1 ,ut fluctus avidum mare ,certo fine coerceat1 ,ne terris liceat vagis ,latos tundere terminos2 ,hanc rerum seriem ligat1 ,terras ac pelagus regens1 ,et clo imperitans amor4 ,hic si frna remiserit1 ,quicquid nunc amat invicem1 ,bellum continuo geret3 ,et quam nunc socia fide ,pulcris motibus incitant1 ,certent solvere machinam4 ,hic sancto populos quoque ,junctos fdere continet1 ,hic et conjugii sacrum ,castis nectit amoribus1 ,hic fidis etiam sua ,dictat jura sodalibus4 ,o felix hominum genus1 ,si vestros animos amor1 ,quo clum regitur1 regat4 7,boeth41 lib4 ii4 met4 #h47 ,love1 that of erth and se hath governaunce6 ,love1 that his hestes hath in hevene hye6 ,love1 that with an holsom alliaunce ,halt peples joyned1 as hym liste hem gye6 ,love1 that knetteth law and compaignye1 ,and couples doth in vertu for to dwelle6 7,troylus ,cryseyde1 st4 #bdc1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bif47 ,that1 that the world with faith1 which that is stable ,dyverseth so1 his stoundes concordynge2-- ,that elementz1 that ben so discordable1 ,holden a bond1 perpetualy durynge2-- ,that ,phebus mot his rosy carte forth brynge1 ,and that the mone hath lordschip overe the nyghte2-- ,al this doth ,love1 ay heryed be his myght6 ,that1 that the se1 that gredy is to flowen1 ,constreyneth to a certeyn ende so ,hise flodes1 that so fiersly they ne growen ,to drenchen erth and alle for everemo2 ,and if that ,love aught lete his brydel go1 ,al that now loveth asonder sholde lepe1 ,and lost were al that ,love halt now to kepe4 7,ibid4 st4 #bdd1 #bde47 ,,iv4 ,,mutability ,,directed ,,and ,,limited ,,by ,,an ,,immutable ,,and ,,divine ,,intelligence4 ,that same prynce and moevere eek1 quod he1 ,hath stabled1 in this wrecched world adoun1 ,certeyn dayes and duracioun ,to alle that er engendrid in this place1 ,over the whiche day they may nat pace1 ,al mowe they yit wel here dayes abregge2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,than may men wel by this ordre discerne ,that thilke moevere stabul is and eterne4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,and therfore of his wyse purveaunce ,he hath so wel biset his ordenaunce1 ,that spices of thinges and progressiouns ,schullen endure by successiouns ,and nat eterne be1 withoute any lye4 7,knightes ,tale1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ib1 #ic47 e engendrynge of alle inges quod she and alle e progressiouns of muuable nature4 and alle at moeue in any manere taki hys causes4 hys ordre4 and hys formes4 of e stablenesse of e deuyne out and thilke deuyne thowht at is yset and put in e toure4 at is to seyne in e heyt of e simplicite of god4 stablisi many manere gyses to inges at ben to don4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 bk4 iv4 pr4 #f1 p4 #acd47 ,v4 ,,the ,,part ,,is ,,derived ,,from ,,the ,,whole1 ,,the ,,imperfect ,,from ,,the ,,perfect4 ,wel may men knowe1 but it be a fool1 ,that every partye dyryveth from his hool4 ,for nature hath nat take his bygynnyng ,of no partye ne cantel of a thing1 ,but of a thing that parfyt is and stable1 ,descendyng so1 til it be corumpable4 7,knightes ,tale1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ib47 ,for al ing at is cleped inperfit 4 is proued inperfit by e amenusynge of perfeccioun 4 or of ing at is perfit 4 and her-of come it 4 at in euery ing general 4 yif at 4 at men seen any ing at is inperfit 4 certys in ilke general er mot ben somme ing at is perfit4 ,for yif so be at perfeccioun is don awey 4 men may nat inke nor seye fro whennes ilke ing is at is cleped inperfit 4 ,for e nature of inges ne token nat her bygynnyng of inges amenused and inperfit 4 but it procedi of ingus at ben al hool 4 and absolut 4 and descende so doune in-to outerest inges and in-to ingus empty and wi-oute fruyt 4 but as ,i haue shewed a litel her byforne 4 at yif er be a blisfulnesse at be frele and vein and inperfit 4 er may no man doute 4 at er nys som blisfulnesse at is sad stedfast and perfit4' 7bk4 iii4 pr4 #aj1 p4 #hi47 ,omne enim quod imperfectum esse dicitur1 id deminutione perfecti imperfectum esse perhibetur4 ,quo fit ut si in quolibet genere imperfectum quid esse videatur1 in eo perfectum quoque aliquod esse necesse sit4 ,etenim perfectione sublata1 unde illud1 quod imperfectum perhibetur1 extiterit1 ne fingi quidem potest4 ,neque enim ab diminutis inconsummatisque natura rerum cepit exordium1 sed ab integris absolutisque procedens in hc extrema atque effta dilabitur4 ,quod si1 uti paulo ante monstravimus1 est qudam boni fragilis imperfecta felicitas1 esse aliquam solidam perfectamque non potest dubitari4 7,boeth41 lib4 iii4 pr4 #aj47 ,,vi4 ,,gentility4 ,for gentilnesse nys but renom ,of thin auncestres1 for her heigh bount ,which is a straunge thing to thy persone4 7,the ,wyf of ,bathes ,tale1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bda47 ,for if e name of gentilesse be referred to renoun and clernesse of linage4 an is gentil name but a foreine ing4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #gh47 ,qu nobilitas1 si ad claritudinem refertur1 aliena est4 7,boethius1 lib4 iii4 pr4 #f47 ,,vii4 ,,nero',s ,,cruelty4 ,no teer out of his eyen for that sighte ,ne cam2 but sayde1 a fair womman was sche4 ,gret wonder is how that he couthe or mighte ,be domesman on hir dede beaut4 7,the ,monkes ,tale1 vol4 iii4 p4 #bag47 ,ne no tere ne wette his face1 but he was so hard-herted at he myte ben domesman or iuge of hire dede beaut4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #ee47 ,ora non tinxit lacrymis1 sed esse ,censor extincti potuit decoris4 7,boethius1 lib4 ii4 met4 #f47 ,,viii4 ,,predestination ,,and ,,free-,,will4 ,in #8,troylus and ,cryseyde' we find the following long passage taken from ,boethius1 book v4 prose #b1 #c4 ,book iv4 st4 #acd1 vol4 iv4 p4 #cci4 7#a7 ,syn ,god seth every thynge1 out of doutaunce1 ,and hem disponeth1 thorugh his ordinaunce1 ,in hire merites sothely for to be1 ,as they shul comen by predesteyn #acf 7#b7 ,for som men seyn if ,god seth al byforne1 ,ne ,god may not deseyved ben pard6 ,than moot it fallen1 theigh men hadde it sworne1 ,that purveyaunce hath seyn befor to be1 ,wherfor ,i seye1 that1 from eterne1 if he ,hathe wiste byforn our thought ek as oure dede1 ,we have no fre choys1 as thise clerkes rede4 #acg 7#c7 ,for other thoughte1 nor other dede also1 ,myghte nevere ben1 but swich as purveyaunce1 ,which may nat ben deceyved nevere moo1 ,hath feled byforne1 withouten ignoraunce2 ,for if ther myghte ben a variaunce1 ,to wrythen out fro ,goddes purveyinge1 ,ther nere no prescience of thynge comynge2 #ach 7#d7 ,but it were rather an opinyon ,uncertein1 and no stedfast forseynge2 ,and certes that were an abusyon ,that ,god shold han no parfit clere wetynge1 ,more than we men1 that han douteous wenynge1 ,but swich an erroure upon ,god to gesse ,were fals1 and foule1 and wikked corsednesse4 #aci 7#e7 ,they seyn right thus1 that thynge is nat to come1 ,for that the prescience hath seyne byfore ,that it shal come2 but they seyn that therfore ,that it shal come1 therfor the purveyaunce ,woot it bifore1 withouten ignorance4 #adj 7#f7 ,and in this manere this necessit ,retourneth in his part contrarye agayn2 ,for nedfully byhoveth it not to be1 ,that thilke thynges fallen in certeyn ,that ben purveyed2 but nedly1 as they seyne1 ,bihoveth it that thynges1 which that falle1 ,that thei in certein ben purveied alle4 #ada 7#g7 ,i mene as though ,i labourede me in this1 ,to enqueren which thynge cause of whiche thynge be2 7#h7 ,as1 whether that the prescience of ,god is ,the certein cause of the necessit ,of thynges that to comen ben1 pard6 ,or1 if necessit of thynge comynge ,be cause certein of the purveyinge4 #adb 7#i7 ,but now nenforce ,i me nat in shewynge ,how the ordre of causes stant2 but wel woot ,i ,that it bihoveth that the bifallynge ,of thynges1 wiste bifor certeinly1 ,be necessarie1 al seme it nat therby ,that prescience put fallynge necessaire ,to thynge to come1 al falle it foule or faire4 #adc 7#aj7 ,for1 if ther sit a man yonde on a see1 seat ,than by necessit bihoveth it1 ,that certes thyn opinioun soth be1 ,that wenest or conjectest that he sit2 ,and1 further over1 now ayeinwarde yit1 ,lo right so is it on the part contrarie1 ,as thus1--nowe herkene1 for ,i wol nat tarie3-- #add 7#aa7 ,i sey1 that if the opinion of the ,be soth for that he sit1 than seye ,i this1 ,that he moot sitten by necessit2 ,and thus necessit in either is1 ,for in hym nede of sittynge is1 ywis1 ,and in the1 nede of soth2 and thus forsoth ,ther mot necessit ben in yow bothe4 #ade 7#ab7 ,but thow maist seyne1 the man sit nat therfore1 ,that thyn opinioun of his sittynge sothe is2 ,but rather1 for the man sat there byfore1 ,therfor is thyn opinioun soth1 ywys2 ,and ,i seye1 though the cause of soth of this ,cometh of his sittynge1 yet necessit ,is interchaunged both in hym and the4 #adf 7#ac7 ,thus in the same wyse1 out of doutaunce1 ,i may wel maken1 as it semeth me1 ,my resonynge of ,goddes purveiaunce1 ,and of the thynges that to comen be2 4 4 4 #adg 7#ad7 ,for although that for thynge shal come1 ywys1 ,therfor it is purveyed certeynly1 ,nat that it cometh for it purveied is2 ,yet1 natheles1 bihoveth it nedfully1 ,that thynge to come be purveied trewly2 ,or elles thynges that purveied be4 ,that they bitiden by necessit4 #adh 7#ae7 ,and this sufficeth right ynough1 certeyn1 ,for to distruye oure fre choys everydele4 7#a7 ,qu tamen ille ab terno cuncta prospiciens providenti cernit intuitus1 et suis quque meritis prdestinata disponit4 4 4 4 4 7,boethius1 lib4 v4 pr4 #b47 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7#b7 ,nam si cuncta prospicit ,deus neque falli ullo modo potest1 evenire necesse est1 quod providentia futurum esse prviderit4 ,quare si ab terno non facta hominum modo1 sed etiam consilia voluntatesque prnoscit1 nulla erit arbitrii libertas2 7#c7 ,neque enim vel factum aliud ullum vel qulibet existere poterit voluntas1 nisi quam nescia falli providentia divina prsenserit4 ,nam si res aliorsum1 quam provis sunt detorqueri valent1 non jam erit futuri firma prscientia2 7#d7 ,sed opinio potius incerta2 quod de ,deo nefas credere judico4 7#e7 ,aiunt enim non ideo quid esse eventurum quoniam id providentia futurum esse prospexerit2 sed e contrario potius1 quoniam quid futurum est1 id divinam providentiam latere non possit4 7#f7 ,eoque modo necessarium est hoc in contrariam relabi partem2 neque enim necesse est contingere qu providentur1 sed necesse est qu futura sunt provideri4 7#g7 ,quasi vero qu cujusque rei causa sit1 7#h7 ,prscientiane futurorum necessitatis an futurorum necessitas providenti1 laboretur4 7#i7 ,at nos illud demonstrare nitamur1 quoquo modo sese habeat ordo causarum1 necessarium esse eventum prscitarum rerum1 etiam si prscientia futuris rebus eveniendi necessitatem non videatur inferre4 7#aj7 ,etenim si quispiam sedeat1 opinionem qu eum sedere conjectat veram esse necesse est3 at e converso rursus1 7#aa7 ,si de quopiam vera sit opinio quoniam sedet eum sedere necesse est4 ,in utroque igitur necessitas inest3 in hoc quidem sedendi1 at vero in altero veritatis4 7#ab7 ,sed non idcirco quisque sedet1 quoniam vera est opinio3 sed hc potius vera est1 quoniam quempiam sedere prcessit4 ,ita cum causa veritatis ex altera parte procedat1 inest tamen communis in utraque necessitas4 7#ac7 ,similia de providentia futurisque rebus ratiocinari patet4 7#ad7 ,nam etiam si idcirco1 quoniam futura sunt1 providentur3 non vero ideo1 quoniam providentur1 eveniunt3 nihilo minus tamen a ,deo vel ventura provideri1 vel provisa evenire necesse est3 7#ae7 ,quod ad perimendam arbitrii libertatem solum satis est4 7lib4 v4 pr4 #c47 ,see ,chaucer's ,boethius1 pp4 #aed-f4 ,,ix4 ,,the ,,grief ,,of ,,remembering ,,bygone ,,happiness4 ,for1 of fortunes scharp adversit1 ,the worste kynde of infortune is this1 ,a man to han ben in prosperit1 ,and it remembren1 when it passed is4 7,troylus and ,cryseyde1 bk4 iii4 st4 #bbf1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bia47 ,sed hoc est1 quod recolentem me vehementius coquit4 ,nam in omni adversitate fortun infelicissimum genus est infortunii1 fuisse felicem4,i-#aj 7,boethius1 lib4 ii4 pr4 #d47 ,footnote ,i-#aj3 ,cf4 ,dante1 ,inferno1 ,v4 #aba4 ,nessun maggior dolore ,che ricordarsi del tempo felice ,nella miseria2 e ci sa 'l tuo ,dottore4 ,x4 ,,vultures ,,tear ,,the ,,stomach ,,of ,,tityus ,,in ,,hell4 ----,syciphus in ,helle1 ,whos stomak fowles tyren everemo1 ,that hyghten volturis4 7,troylus and ,cryseyde1 book i4 st4 #aac1 p4 #adj47 e fowel at hyt voltor at eti e stomak or e giser of ticius4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #ajg47 ,,xi4 ,,the ,,mutability ,,of ,,fortune4 ,for if hire 7,fortune's7 whiel stynte any thinge to torne ,thanne cessed she ,fortune anon to be4 7,troylus and ,cryseyde1 bk4 i4 st4 #abb1 p4 #adb47 ,if fortune bygan to dwelle stable4 she cesede an to ben fortune4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #cb47 7,compare stanzas #abj1 #aba1 p4 #adb1 and stanza #acf1 p4 #adf1 of #8,troylus and ,cryseyde' with pp4 #ca1 #cc1 #ce1 and p4 #cd of ,chaucer's ,boethius47 ,at omnium mortalium stolidissime1 si manere incipit1 fors esse desistit4 7,boethius1 lib4 ii4 prose #a47 ,,xii4 ,,worldly ,,selynesse 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,imedled is with many a bitternesse4 ,ful angwyshous than is1 ,god woote1 quod she1 ,condicion of veyn prosperit6 ,for oyther joies comen nought yfeere1 ,or elles no wight hath hem alwey here4 7,troylus and ,cryseyde1 bk4 iii4 st4 #aaj1 p4 #beh47 e swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is yspranid wi manye bitternesses4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #db47 --ful anguissous ing is e condicioun of mans goodes4 ,for eyer it come al to-gidre to a wyt4 or ellys it laste not perpetuely4 7,ib4 p4 #da47 ,quam multis amaritudinibus human felicitatis dulcedo respersa est6 7,boethius1 lib4 ii4 prose #d47 ,anxia enim res est humanorum conditio bonorum1 et qu vel nunquam tota proveniat1 vel nunquam perpetua subsistat4 7,ib47 ,o1 brotel wele of mannes joie unstable6 ,with what wight so thow be1 or how thow pleye1 ,oither he woot that thow joie art muable1 ,or woot it nought1 it mot ben on of tweyen3 ,now if he woot it not1 how may he seyen ,that he hath veray joie and selynesse1 ,that is of ignoraunce ay in distresse8 ,now if he woote that joie is transitorie1 ,as every joie of worldly thynge mot fle1 ,thanne every tyme he that hath in memorie1 ,the drede of lesyng maketh hym that he ,may in no parfyte selynesse be3 ,and if to lese his joie1 he sette not a myte1 ,than semeth it1 that joie is worth ful lite4 7,troylus and ,cryseyde1 bk4 iii4 st4 #aaa1 #aab1 vol4 iv4 p4 #beh47 7#a7 ,what man at is toumblyng welefulnesse leedi1 eier he woot at it is chaungeable4 or ellis he woot it nat4 ,and yif he woot it not4 what blisful fortune may er be in e blyndenesse of ignoraunce4 7#b7 ,and yif he woot at it is chaungeable4 he mot alwey ben adrad at he ne lese at ing4 at he ne doute nat but at he may leesen it4 4 4 4 4 4 ,for whiche e continuel drede at he ha ne suffri hym nat to ben weleful4 ,or ellys yif he leese it he wene to be dispised and forleten hit4 ,certis eke at is a ful lytel goode at is born wi euene herte whan it is loost4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 pp4 #dc1 #dd47 7#a7 ,quem caduca ista felicitas vehit1 vel scit eam1 vel nescit esse mutabilem4 ,si nescit1 qunam beata sors esse potest ignoranti in ccitate8 7#b7 ,si scit1 metuat necesse est1 ne amittat1 quod amitti posse non dubitat2 quare continuus timor non sinit esse felicem4 ,an vel si amiserit1 negligendum putat8 ,sic quoque perexile bonum est1 quod quo animo feratur amissum4 7,boethius1 lib4 ii4 prose #d47 ,,xiii4 ,,fortune4 ----,fortune ,that semeth trewest when she wol bigyle1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,and1 when a wight is from hire whiel ithrowe1 ,than laugheth she1 and maketh hym the mowe4 7,troylus and ,cryseyde1 bk4 iii4 st4 #bed1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bii47 ,she 7,fortune7 vse ful flatryng familarit wi hem at she enforce to bygyle4 7,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #cj47 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,she laue and scorne e wepyng of hem e whiche she ha maked wepe wi hir free wille 4 4 4 4 ,yif at a wyt is seyn weleful and ouerrowe in an houre4 7,ib4 p4 #cc47 ,in book v41 stanza #bfj1 vol4 v4 p4 #ge1 ,chaucer describes how the soul of ,hector1 after his death1 ascended #8up to the holughnesse of the seventhe spere4' ,in so doing he seems to have had before him met4 #a1 book #d1 of ,boethius1 where the #8soul' is described as passing into the heaven's utmost sphere1 and looking down on the world below4 ,see ,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #aaj1 #aaa4 tas ,prima is of course a metrical version of lib4 ii4 met4 #e4 ,hampole speaks of the wonderful sight of the ,lynx2 perhaps he was indebted to ,boethius for the hint4 --7,see ,boethius1 book #c1 pr4 #h1 p4 #ha47 ,i have seen the following elsewhere3 7#a7 ,value not beauty1 for it may be destroyed by a three days' fever4 7,see ,chaucer's ,boethius1 p4 #ha47 7#b7 ,there is no greater plague than the enmity of thy familiar friend4 7,see ,chaucer's translation1 p4 #gg47 99 99 99 99 99 ,chaucer did not ,english ,boethius second-hand1 through any early ,french version1 as some have supposed1 but made his translation with the ,latin original before him4 ,jean de ,mung's version1 the only early ,french translation1 perhaps1 accessible to ,chaucer1 is not always literal1 while the present translation is seldom free or periphrastic1 but conforms closely to the ,latin1 and is at times awkwardly literal4 ,a few passages1 taken haphazard1 will make this sufficiently clear4 ,et dolor tatem jussit inesse suam4 ,and sorou ha comaunded his age to be in me 7p4 #d74 ,et ma douleur commanda a vieillesse ,entrer en moy _/ ains quen fust hors ieunesse4 ,mors hominum felix1 qu se nec dulcibus annis ,inserit1 et mstis spe vocata venit4 ilke dee of men is welful at ne come not in eres at ben swete 7i4 mirie74 but come to wrecches often yclepid4 7p4 #d7 ,on dit la mort des homes estre eureuse ,qui ne vient pas en saison plantureuse ,mais des tristes moult souuent appellee ,elle y affuit nue _/ seche et pelee4 ,querimoniam lacrymabilem4 ,wepli compleynte 7p4 #e74 ,fr4 ma complainte moy esmouuant a pleurs4 ,styli officio4 ,wi office of poyntel 7p4 #e74 ,fr4 7que ie reduisse7 par escript4 ,inexhaustus4 ,swiche 4 4 4 at it ne myte not be emptid 7p4 #e74 ,fr4 inconsumptible4 ,scenicas meretriculas4 ,comune strumpetis of siche a place at men clepen e theatre 7p4 #f74 ,fr4 ces ribaudelles fardees4 ,prcipiti profundo4 ,in ouer-rowyng depnesse 7p4 #g74 ,l,as que la pensee de lomme ,est troublee et plongie comme ,en abisme precipitee ,sa propre lumiere gastee4 ,nec pervetusta nec incelebris4 ,neyer ouer-oolde ne vnsolempne 7p4 #aa74 ,fr4 desquelz la memoire nest pas trop ancienne ou non recitee4 ,inter secreta otia4 ,among my secre restyng whiles 7p4 #ad74 ,fr4 entre mes secrettes et oyseuses estudes4 ,palatini canes4 e houndys of e palays 7p4 #ae74 ,fr4 les chiens du palais4 ,mascul prolis4 ,of i masculyn children 7p4 #cg74 ,fr4 de ta lignie masculine4 ,ad singularem felicitatis tu cumulum venire delectat4 ,it delite me to comen now to e singuler vphepyng of i welefulnesse 7p4 #cg74 ,fr4 ,il me plait venir au singulier monceau de ta felicite4 ,consulare imperium4 ,emperie of consulers 7p4 #ea74 ,fr4 lempire consulaire4 ,hoc ipsum brevis habitaculi4 ,of ilke litel habitacle 7p4 #eg74 ,fr4 de cest trespetit habitacle4 ,late patentes plagas4 e brode shewyng contreys 7p4 #fj74 ,q,viconques tend a gloire vaine ,et le croit estre souueraine ,voye les regions patentes ,du ciel 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,ludens hominum cura4 e pleiyng besines of men 7p4 #fh74 ,si quil tollist par doulz estude ,des hommes la solicitude 4 4 ,hausi clum4 ,i took heuene 7p4 #aj74 ,fr4 ie 4 4 4 regarday le ciel4 ,certamen adversum prfectum prtorii communis commodi ratione suscepi4 ,i took strif aeins e prouost of e pretorie for comune profit 7p4 #ae74 ,fr4 ie entrepris lestrif a lencontre du prefect du parlement royal a cause de la commune vtilite4 ,at cujus criminis arguimur summam quris8 ,but axest ou in somme of what gilt ,i am accused8 7p4 #ag74 ,fr4 ,mais demandes tu la somme du pechie duquel pechie nous sommes arguez8 ,fortuita temeritate4 ,by fortunouse fortune 7p4 #bf74 ,fr4 par fortuite folie4 ,quos premunt septem gelidi triones4 ,alle e peoples at ben vndir e colde sterres at hyten e seuene triones 7p4 #ee74 ,fr4 ceulx de septentrion4 ,ita ego quoque tibi veluti corollarium dabo4 ,ryt so wil ,i eue e here as a corolarie or a mede of coroune 7p4 #ia74 ,fr4 semblablement ie te donneray ainsi que vng correlaire4 ,in stadio4 ,in e stadie or in e forlonge 7p4 #aai74 ,fr4 ou 7for au7 champ4 ,conjecto4 ,i coniecte 7p4 #aed74 ,fr4 ie coniecture4 ,nimium 4 4 4 adversari ac repugnare videtur4 ,it seme 4 4 4 to repugnen and to contrarien gretly4 ,fr4 ,ce semble chose trop contraire et repugnante4 ,universitatis ambitum4 ,envirounynge of e vniuersite 7p4 #afe74 ,fr4 lauironnement de luniuersalite4 ,rationis universum4 ,vniuersite of resoun 7p4 #afe74 ,fr4 luniuersalite de ,raison4 ,scientiam nunquam deficientis instanti rectius stimabis4 ou shalt demen it more rytfully at it is science of presence or of instaunce at neuer ne fayle 7p4 #agd74 ,fr4 mais tu la diras plus droittement et mieulx science de instante presentialite non iamais defaillant mais eternelle4 ,many of the above examples are very bald renderings of the original1 and are only quoted here to show that ,chaucer did not make his translation from the ,french4 ,chaucer is not always felicitous in his translations3--thus he translates clavus atque gubernaculum by keye and a stiere 7p4 #ajc71 and compendium 7gain1 acquisition7 by abreggynge 7abridging1 curtailment71 p4 #aea4 ,many terms make their appearance in ,english for the first time1--and most of them have become naturalized1 and are such as we could ill spare4 ,some few are rather uncommon1 as gouernaile 7gubernaculum71 p4 #bg2 arbitre 7arbitrium71 p4 #aed4 ,as ,chaucer takes the trouble to explain inestimable 7instimabilis71 p4 #aeh1 it could not have been a very familiar term4 ,our translator evidently took note of various readings1 for on p4 #ca he notes a variation of the original4 ,on p4 #ea he uses armurers 7 armures7 to render arma1 though most copies agree in reading arva4 ,there are numerous glosses and explanations of particular passages1 which seem to be interpolated by ,chaucer himself4 ,thus he explains what is meant by the heritage of ,socrates 7p4 #aj1 #aa72 he gives the meaning of coemption 7p4 #ae72 of ,euripus 7p4 #cc72 of the porch 7p4 #aff74;,i-#aa ,some of his definitions are very quaint2 as1 for instance1 that of ,tragedy--#8a dit of a prosperit for a tyme at endi in wrechednesse' 7p4 #ce74 ,one would think that the following definition of ,tragedian would be rather superfluous after this1--#8a maker of dites at hyten 7are called7 tregedies' 7p4 #gg74 ,melliflui 4 4 4 oris ,homerus is thus quaintly ,englished3 ,homer wi e hony moue1 at is to seyn4 homer wi e swete dites 7p4 #aec74 99 99 99 99 99 ,the present translation of the ,de ,consolatione is taken from ,additional ,,ms4 #aj1cdj1 which is supposed to be the oldest manuscript that exists in our public libraries4 ,after it was all copied out and ready for press1 ,mr ,bradshaw was kind enough to procure me1 for the purpose of collation1 the loan of the ,camb4 ,university ,,ms4 ,ii4 #c4 #ba1 from which the various readings at the foot of the pages are taken4 ,had ,i had an opportunity of examining the ,cambridge ,,ms4 carefully throughout before the work was so far advanced1 ,i should certainly have selected it in preference to the text now given to the reader4 ,though not so ancient as the ,british ,museum ,,ms41 it is far more correct in its grammatical inflexions1 and is no doubt a copy of an older and very accurate text4 ,the ,additional ,,ms4 is written by a scribe who was unacquainted with the force of the final -e4 ,thus he adds it to the preterites of strong verbs1 which do not require it2 he omits it in the preterites of weak verbs where it is wanted1 and attaches it to passive participles 7of weak verbs71 where it is superfluous4 ,the scribe of the ,cambridge ,,ms4 is careful to preserve the final -e where it is a sign 7#a7 of the definite declension of the adjective2 7#b7 of the plural adjective2 7#c7 of the infinitive mood2 7#d7 of the preterite of weak verbs2 7#e7 of present participles2,i-#ab 7#f7 of the #bnd pers4 pret4 indic4 of strong verbs2 7#g7 of adverbs2 7#h7 of an older vowel ending4 ,the ,addit4 ,,ms4 has frequently thilk 7singular and plural71 and -nes 7in wrechednes1 c471 when the ,camb4 ,,ms4 has thilke,i-#ac and -nesse4 ,for further differences the reader may consult the numerous collations at the foot of the page4 ,if the ,chaucer ,society obtains that amount of patronage from the literary public which it deserves1 but unfortunately has yet not succeeded in getting1 so that it may be enabled to go on with the great work which has been so successfully commenced1 then the time may come when ,i shall have the opportunity of editing the ,camb4 ,,ms4 of ,chaucer's ,boethius for that ,society1 and lovers of ,early ,english ,literature will have two texts instead of one4 ,footnote ,i-#aa3 ,see pages #ci1 #ej1 #fa1 #id1 #aaa1 #acc1 #adi1 #aec1 #aei4 ,footnote ,i-#ab3 ,in the ,canterbury ,tales we find participles in -yng4 ,footnote ,i-#ac3 ,it is nearly always thilk in the ,canterbury ,tales4 ,,appendix ,,to ,,introduction4 ,the last of the ancients1 and one who forms a link between the classical period of literature and that of the middle ages1 in which he was a favourite author1 is ,boethius1 a man of fine genius1 and interesting both from his character and his death4 ,it is well known that after filling the dignities of ,consul and ,senator in the court of ,theodoric1 he fell a victim to the jealousy of a sovereign1 from whose memory1 in many respects glorious1 the stain of that blood has never been effaced4 ,the ,consolation of ,philosophy1 the chief work of ,boethius1 was written in his prison4 ,few books are more striking from the circumstances of their production4 ,last of the classic writers1 in style not impure1 though displaying too lavishly that poetic exuberance which had distinguished the two or three preceding centuries1 in elevation of sentiment equal to any of the philosophers1 and mingling a ,christian sanctity with their lessons1 he speaks from his prison in the swan-like tones of dying eloquence4 ,the philosophy that consoled him in bonds1 was soon required in the sufferings of a cruel death4 ,quenched in his blood1 the lamp he had trimmed with a skilful hand gave no more light2 the language of ,tully and ,virgil soon ceased to be spoken2 and many ages were to pass away1 before learned diligence restored its purity1 and the union of genius with imitation taught a few modern writers to surpass in eloquence the ,latinity of ,boethius4 --7,hallam's ,literature of ,europe1 i4 #b1 #dth ed4 #ahed47 ,the ,senator ,boethius is the last of the ,romans whom ,cato or ,tully could have acknowledged for their countryman4 ,as a wealthy orphan1 he inherited the patrimony and honours of the ,anician family1 a name ambitiously assumed by the kings and emperors of the age2 and the appellation of ,manlius asserted his genuine or fabulous descent from a race of consuls and dictators1 who had repulsed the ,gauls from the ,capitol1 and sacrificed their sons to the discipline of the ,republic4 ,in the youth of ,boethius the studies of ,rome were not totally abandoned2 a ,virgil is now extant1 corrected by the hand of a consul2 and the professors of grammar1 rhetoric1 and jurisprudence1 were maintained in their privileges and pensions by the liberality of the ,goths4 ,but the erudition of the ,latin language was insufficient to satiate his ardent curiosity2 and ,boethius is said to have employed eighteen laborious years in the schools of ,athens1 which were supported by the zeal1 the learning1 and the diligence of ,proclus and his disciples4 ,the reason and piety of their ,roman pupil were fortunately saved from the contagion of mystery and magic1 which polluted the groves of the ,academy1 but he imbibed the spirit1 and imitated the method1 of his dead and living masters1 who attempted to reconcile the strong and subtle sense of ,aristotle with the devout contemplation and sublime fancy of ,plato4 ,after his return to ,rome1 and his marriage with the daughter of his friend1 the patrician ,symmachus1 ,boethius still continued1 in a palace of ivory and glass to prosecute the same studies4 ,the ,church was edified by his profound defence of the orthodox creed against the ,arian1 the ,eutychian1 and the ,nestorian heresies2 and the ,catholic unity was explained or exposed in a formal treatise by the indifference of three distinct though consubstantial persons4 ,for the benefit of his ,latin readers1 his genius submitted to teach the first elements of the arts and sciences of ,greece4 ,the geometry of ,euclid1 the music of ,pythagoras1 the arithmetic of ,nicomachus1 the mechanics of ,archimedes1 the astronomy of ,ptolemy1 the theology of ,plato1 and the logic of ,aristotle1 with the commentary of ,porphyry1 were translated and illustrated by the indefatigable pen of the ,roman senator4 ,and he alone was esteemed capable of describing the wonders of art1 a sun-dial1 a water-clock1 or a sphere which represented the motions of the planets4 ,from these abstruse speculations1 ,boethius stooped1 or1 to speak more truly1 he rose to the social duties of public and private life3 the indigent were relieved by his liberality2 and his eloquence1 which flattery might compare to the voice of ,demosthenes or ,cicero1 was uniformly exerted in the cause of innocence and humanity4 ,such conspicuous merit was felt and rewarded by a discerning prince3 the dignity of ,boethius was adorned with the titles of consul and patrician1 and his talents were usefully employed in the important station of master of the offices4 ,notwithstanding the equal claims of the ,east and ,west1 his two sons were created1 in their tender youth1 the consuls of the same year4 ,on the memorable day of their inauguration1 they proceeded in solemn pomp from their palace to the forum amidst the applause of the senate and people2 and their joyful father1 the true ,consul of ,rome1 after pronouncing an oration in the praise of his royal benefactor1 distributed a triumphal largess in the games of the circus4 ,prosperous in his fame and fortunes1 in his public honours and private alliances1 in the cultivation of science and the consciousness of virtue1 ,boethius might have been styled happy1 if that precarious epithet could be safely applied before the last term of the life of man4 ,a philosopher1 liberal of his wealth and parsimonious of his time1 might be insensible to the common allurements of ambition1 the thirst of gold and employment4 ,and some credit may be due to the asseveration of ,boethius1 that he had reluctantly obeyed the divine ,plato1 who enjoins every virtuous citizen to rescue the state from the usurpation of vice and ignorance4 ,for the integrity of his public conduct he appeals to the memory of his country4 ,his authority had restrained the pride and oppression of the royal officers1 and his eloquence had delivered ,paulianus from the dogs of the palace4 ,he had always pitied1 and often relieved1 the distress of the provincials1 whose fortunes were exhausted by public and private rapine2 and ,boethius alone had courage to oppose the tyranny of the ,barbarians1 elated by conquest1 excited by avarice1 and1 as he complains1 encouraged by impunity4 ,in these honourable contests his spirit soared above the consideration of danger1 and perhaps of prudence2 and we may learn from the example of ,cato1 that a character of pure and inflexible virtue is the most apt to be misled by prejudice1 to be heated by enthusiasm1 and to confound private enmities with public justice4 ,the disciple of ,plato might exaggerate the infirmities of nature1 and the imperfections of society2 and the mildest form of a ,gothic kingdom1 even the weight of allegiance and gratitude1 must be insupportable to the free spirit of a ,roman patriot4 ,but the favour and fidelity of ,boethius declined in just proportion with the public happiness2 and an unworthy colleague was imposed to divide and control the power of the master of the offices4 ,in the last gloomy season of ,theodoric1 he indignantly felt that he was a slave2 but as his master had only power over his life1 he stood without arms and without fear against the face of an angry ,barbarian1 who had been provoked to believe that the safety of the senate was incompatible with his own4 ,the ,senator ,albinus was accused and already convicted on the presumption of hoping1 as it was said1 the liberty of ,rome4 8,if ,albinus be criminal10 exclaimed the orator1 8the senate and myself are all guilty of the same crime4 ,if we are innocent1 ,albinus is equally entitled to the protection of the laws40 ,these laws might not have punished the simple and barren wish of an unattainable blessing2 but they would have shown less indulgence to the rash confession of ,boethius1 that1 had he known of a conspiracy1 the tyrant never should4 ,the advocate of ,albinus was soon involved in the danger and perhaps the guilt of his client2 their signature 7which they denied as a forgery7 was affixed to the original address1 inviting the emperor to deliver ,italy from the ,goths2 and three witnesses of honourable rank1 perhaps of infamous reputation1 attested the treasonable designs of the ,roman patrician4 ,yet his innocence must be presumed1 since he was deprived by ,theodoric of the means of justification1 and rigorously confined in the tower of ,pavia1 while the senate1 at the distance of five hundred miles1 pronounced a sentence of confiscation and death against the most illustrious of its members4 ,at the command of the ,barbarians1 the occult science of a philosopher was stigmatized with the names of sacrilege and magic4 ,a devout and dutiful attachment to the senate was condemned as criminal by the trembling voices of the senators themselves2 and their ingratitude deserved the wish or prediction of ,boethius1 that1 after him1 none should be found guilty of the same offence4 ,while ,boethius1 oppressed with fetters1 expected each moment the sentence or the stroke of death1 he composed in the tower of ,pavia the ,consolation of ,philosophy2 a golden volume not unworthy of the leisure of ,plato or ,tully1 but which claims incomparable merit from the barbarism of the times and the situation of the author4 ,the celestial guide1 whom he had so long invoked at ,rome and ,athens1 now condescended to illumine his dungeon1 to revive his courage1 and to pour into his wounds her salutary balm4 ,she taught him to compare his long prosperity and his recent distress1 and to conceive new hopes from the inconstancy of fortune4 ,reason had informed him of the precarious condition of her gifts2 experience had satisfied him of their real value2 he had enjoyed them without guilt2 he might resign them without a sigh1 and calmly disdain the impotent malice of his enemies1 who had left him happiness1 since they had left him virtue4 ,from the earth1 ,boethius ascended to heaven in search of the ,,supreme ,,good2 explored the metaphysical labyrinth of chance and destiny1 of prescience and free-will1 of time and eternity2 and generously attempted to reconcile the perfect attributes of the ,deity with the apparent disorders of his moral and physical government4 ,such topics of consolation1 so obvious1 so vague1 or so abstruse1 are ineffectual to subdue the feelings of human nature4 ,yet the sense of misfortune may be diverted by the labour of thought2 and the sage who could artfully combine in the same work the various riches of philosophy1 poetry1 and eloquence1 must already have possessed the intrepid calmness which he affected to seek4 ,suspense1 the worst of evils1 was at length determined by the ministers of death1 who executed1 and perhaps exceeded1 the inhuman mandate of ,theodoric4 ,a strong cord was fastened round the head of ,boethius1 and forcibly tightened till his eyes almost started from their sockets2 and some mercy may be discovered in the milder torture of beating him with clubs till he expired4 ,but his genius survived to diffuse a ray of knowledge over the darkest ages of the ,latin world2 the writings of the philosopher were translated by the most glorious of the ,english kings1 and the third emperor of the name of ,otho removed to a more honourable tomb the bones of a ,catholic saint1 who1 from his ,arian persecutors1 had acquired the honours of martyrdom and the fame of miracles4 ,in the last hours of ,boethius1 he derived some comfort from the safety of his two sons1 of his wife1 and of his father-in-law1 the venerable ,symmachus4 ,but the grief of ,symmachus was indiscreet1 and perhaps disrespectful2 he had presumed to lament1 he might dare to revenge1 the death of an injured friend4 ,he was dragged in chains from ,rome to the palace of ,ravenna2 and the suspicions of ,theodoric could only be appeased by the blood of an innocent and aged senator4--,gibbon's ,decline and ,fall1 #ahch1 vol4 vii4 p4 #de-eb 7without the notes74 ,,index 7,giving the first line of each ,metre1 the first words of each ,prose1 and the corresponding page of the translation74 ,book ,metre ,prose ,page ,i #a -- ,carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi #d -- #a ,hc dum mecum tacitus ipse reputarem #e #b -- ,heu1 quam prcipiti mersa profundo #g -- #b ,sed medicin1 inquit1 potius tempus est #h #c -- ,tunc me discussa liquerunt nocte tenebr #i -- #c ,haud aliter tristiti nebulis dissolutis1 hausi clum #aj #d -- ,quisquis composito serenus vo #ab -- #d ,sentisne1 inquit1 hc1 atque animo illabuntur tuo8 #ac #e -- ,o stelliferi conditor orbis #ba -- #e ,hc ubi continuato dolore delatravi #bc #f -- ,cum ,phbi radiis grave #be -- #f ,primum igitur paterisne me pauculis rogationibus #bf #g -- ,nubibus atris #bi ,,ii -- #a ,posthc paulisper obticuit #bi #a -- ,hc cum superba verterit vices dextra #cc -- #b ,vellem autem pauca tecum fortun ipsius #cc #b -- ,si quantas rapidis flatibus incitus #ce -- #c ,his igitur si pro se tecum fortuna loqueretur #cf #c -- ,cum polo ,phbus roseis quadrigis #ci -- #d ,tum ego1 ,vera1 inquam1 commemoras #ci #d -- ,quisquis volet perennem #dd -- #e ,sed quoniam rationum jam in te mearum fomenta #de #e -- ,felix nimium prior tas #ej -- #f ,quid autem de dignitatibus1 potentiaque disseram #ea #f -- ,novimus quantas dederit ruinas #ee -- #g ,tum ego1 ,scis1 inquam1 ipsa #ef #g -- ,quicumque solam mente prcipiti petit #fj -- #h ,sed ne me inexorabile contra fortunam #fa #h -- ,quod mundus stabili fide #fb ,,iii -- #a ,jam cantum illa finierat #fc #a -- ,qui serere ingenuum volet agrum #fd -- #b ,tum defixo paululum visu #fd #b -- ,quantas rerum flectat habenas #fh -- #c ,vos quoque1 o terrena animalia #fi #c -- ,quamvis fluente dives auri gurgite #ga -- #d ,sed dignitates honorabilem reverendumque #gb #d -- ,quamvis se ,tyrio superbus ostro #gd -- #e ,an vero regna regumque familiaritas efficere potentem valent8 #ge #e -- ,qui se volet esse potentem #gg -- #f ,gloria vero quam fallax spe1 quam turpis est6 #gg #f -- ,omne hominum genus in terris #gh -- #g ,quid autem de corporis voluptatibus loquar8 #gi #g -- ,habet omnis hoc voluptas #hj -- #h ,nihil igitur dubium est1 quin #hj #h -- ,eheu1 quam miseros tramite devio #ha -- #i ,hactenus mendacis formam felicitatis ostendisse #hb #i -- ,o qui perpetua mundum ratione gubernas #hg -- #aj ,quoniam igitur qu sit imperfecti #hh #aj -- ,huc omnes pariter venite capti #id -- #aa ,assentior1 inquam4 #ie #aa -- ,quisquis profunda mente vestigat verum #ajj -- #ab ,tum ego1 ,platoni1 inquam1 vehementer assentior #aja #ab -- ,felix qui potuit boni #ajf ,,iv -- #a ,hc cum ,philosophia1 dignitate #ajh #a -- ,sunt etenim penn volucres mihi #aaj -- #b ,tum ego1 ,pap1 inquam1 ut magna promittis6 #aab #b -- ,quos vides sedere celso #aah -- #c ,videsne igitur quanto in cno probra volvantur #aai #c -- ,vela ,neritii ducis #abb -- #d ,tum ego1 ,fateor1 inquam1 nec injuria dici video #abc #d -- ,quid tantos juvat excitare motus #acj -- #e ,hic ego1 ,video1 inquam1 qu sit vel felicitas #aca #e -- ,si quis ,arcturi sidera nescit #acb -- #f ,ita est1 inquam4 #acc #f -- ,si vis celsi jura tonantis #adc -- #g ,jamne igitur vides1 quid hc omnia qu diximus1 consequatur8 #add #g -- ,bella bis quinis operatus annis #adg ,v -- #a ,dixerat1 orationisque cursum ad alia qudam #adi #a -- ,rupis ,achmeni scopulis1 ubi versa sequentum #aea -- #b ,animadverto1 inquam1 idque uti tu dicis1 ita esse consentio4 #aeb #b -- ,puro clarum lumine ,phbum #aec -- #c ,tum ego1 ,en1 inquam1 difficiliori rursus ambiguitate confundor4 #aed #c -- ,qunam discors fdera rerum #aei -- #d ,tum illa1 ,vetus1 inquit1 hc est de ,providentia querela #afa #d -- ,quondam porticus attulit #aff -- #e ,quod si in corporibus sentiendis1 quamvis #afh #e -- ,quam variis terras animalia permeant figuris6 #agj -- #f ,quoniam igitur1 uti paulo ante monstratum est #aga ,appendix4--tas ,prima #ahj ,balades de ,vilage sanz ,peinture #ahb ,,table ,,of ,,contents4 ,i,,ncipit ,,tabula ,,libri ,,boicii ,,de ,,consolac,i,o,n,e ,,philosophie4 ,additional ,,ms4 #aj1cdj1 fol4 #c4 ,sidenote3 fol4 #c4 ,,liber ,,primus4 #a ,carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi4 #b ,hic dum mecum tacitus4 #c ,heu quam precipiti4 #d ,set medicine inquit tempus4 #e ,tunc me discussa4 #f ,haut,c-#a aliter tristicie4 #g ,quisquis composito4 #h ,sentis ne inquit4 #i ,o stelliferi conditor orbis4 #aj ,hic ubi continuato dolore4 #aa ,cum phebi radijs4 #ab ,primum igitur pateris rogacionibus4 #ac ,nubibus atris condita4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,primus4 ,,liber ,,secundus4 #a ,postea paulisper,c-#b conticuit4 #b ,hec cum superba4 #c ,uellem autem pauca4 #d ,si quantas rapidis4 #e ,his igitur si et pro se4 #f ,cum primo polo4 #g ,tunc ego uera inquam4 #h ,contraque4 #i ,quisquis ualet perhennem cantus4 #aj ,set cum racionum iam in te4 #aa ,felix in mirum iam prior etas4 #ab ,quid autem de dignitatibus4 #ac ,nouimus quantos dederat4 #ad ,tum ego scis inquam4 #ae ,quicunque solam mente4 #af ,set ne me inexorabile4 #ag ,quod mundus stabile fide4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,s,e,c,,un,,dus4 ,,liber ,,tercius4 #a ,iam tantum illa4 #b ,qui serere ingenium4 #c ,tunc defixo paululum4 #d ,quantas rerum flectat4 #e ,uos quoque terrena animalia4 #f ,quamuis fluenter diues4 #g ,set dignitatibus4 #h ,quamuis se tirio4 #i ,an uero regna4 #aj ,qui se ualet esse potentem4 #aa ,gloria uero quam fallax4 #ab ,omne hominum genus in terris4 #ac ,quid autem de corporibus4 #ad ,habet hoc uoluptas4 #ae ,nichil igitur dubium est4 #af ,heu que miseros tramite4 #ag ,hactenus mendacio formam4 #ah ,o qui perpetua4 #ai ,quoniam igitur qui scit4 #bj ,nunc omnes pariter4 #ba ,assencior inquam cuncta4 #bb ,quisque profunda4 #bc ,tunc ego platoni inquam4 #bd ,felix qui poterit4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,t,,er,,cius4 ,,liber ,,quartus4 #a ,hec cum philosophia4 #b ,sunt etenim penne4 #c ,tunc ego pape inquam4 #d ,quos uides sedere celsos4 #e ,uides ne igitur quanto4 #f ,uela naricij ducis4 #g ,tunc ego fateor inquam4 #h ,quid tantos iuuat4 #i ,huic ego uideo inquam4 #aj ,si quis arcturi,c-#c sydera4 #aa ,ita est inquam4 #ab ,si uis celsi iura4 #ac ,iam ne igitur uides4 #ad ,bella bis quinis4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,quartus4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,quintus4 #a ,dixerat oracionis que cursum4 #b ,rupis achemenie4 #c ,animaduerto inquam4 #d ,puro clarum lumine4 #e ,tamen ego en inquam4 #f ,que nam discors4 #g ,tamen illa uetus4 #h ,quondam porticus attulit4 #i ,quod si in corporibus4 #aj ,quam uarijs figuris4 #aa ,quoniam igitur uti paulo ante4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,qui,n,,tus ,,et ,,ultimus4 ,footnote ,c-#a3 ,,ms4 hanc4 ,footnote ,c-#b3 ,,ms4 luper4 ,footnote ,c-#c3 ,,ms4 arituri4 pg #d ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,deplores ,,his ,,misfortunes4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #c b4 99,,liber ,,primus4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,boicii ,,de ,,co,n,,solac,i,o,n,e ,,philosophie4 ,carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius deplores his misfortunes in the following pathetic elegy4 ,allas ,i wepyng am constreined to bygynne vers of sorouful matere4 at whilom in florysching studie made delitable ditees4 ,for loo rendyng muses of poetes enditen to me inges to be writen4 and drery #d vers of wrecchednes weten my face wi verray teers4 ,at e leest no drede ne myte ouer-come o muses4 at ei ne weren felawes and folweden my wey4 at is to seyne when ,i was exiled4 ,sidenote3 ypalage antithesis ei at weren glorie of #h my youth whilom weleful and grene conforten now e sorouful werdes of me olde man4 ,sidenote3 ,laments his immature old age4 for elde is comen vnwarly vpon me hasted by e harmes at ,i haue4 and sorou ha comaunded his age to be in me4 ,heeres #ab hore ben schad ouertymelyche vpon myne heued4 and e slake skyn tremble vpon myn emty body4 ,sidenote3 ,death turns a deaf ear to the wretched4 ilke dee of men is welful at ne come not in eres at ben swete 74i4 mirie47 but come to wrecches often #af yclepid4 ,linenotes3 #a of--,,ms4 of of4 #b florysching--floryssynge #c rendyng--rendynge #d be--ben #e wrecchednes--wrecchednesse teers--teeres #f leest--leeste myte ouer-come--myhte ouercomen #h seyne when--seyn whan #i youth--,,ms4 ot1 ,c4 yowthe #aj sorouful werdes--sorful wierdes i4 fata #ab sorou--sorwe ha--,,ms4 hae be--ben #ac hore--hoore ben--arn myne--myn #ad slake--slake vpon--of emty--emptyd ilke--thilke #ae welful--weleful come not--comth nat #af 4i4 mirie--omitted ,allas allas wi how deef an eere dee cruel tourne awey fro wrecches and naie to closen wepyng eyen4 ,sidenote3 ,when ,fortune was favourable ,death came near ,boethius1 but in his adversity life is unpleasantly protracted4 ,while fortune vnfeiful fauorede me #bj wi lyte goodes 74s4 temporels47 e sorouful houre at is to seyne e dee hadde almost dreynt myne heued4 ,but now for fortune clowdy ha chaunged hir disceyuable chere to me warde4 myn vnpitouse lijf drawe #bd a long vnagreable dwellynges in me4 ,sidenote3 ,why did his friends call him happy8 ,he stood not firm that hath thus fallen4 ,o e my frendes what or wherto auauntede e me to be weleful3 pg #e for he at ha fallen stood not in stedfast degree4 ,linenotes3 #ai tourne--torneth naie--nayteth wepyng--wepynge #bj ,while--,whil fauorede--fauorede #ba lyte--lyhte 4s4 temporels--omitted sorouful houre--sorwful howre #bb seyne--seyn hadde--hadde myne--myn #bc ha--,,ms4 hae chaunged hir disceyuable--chaungyd hyre deceyuable #bd vnpitouse lijf--vnpietous lyf ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,appears ,,to ,,boethius4 ,,hic ,,dum ,,mecum ,,tacitus4 ,sidenote3 ,the firste prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy appears to ,boethius1 like a beautiful woman1 and of great age4 ,,in e mene while at ,i stille recordede ise inges #bh wi my self4 and markede my wepli compleynte wi office of poyntel4 ,i saw stondyng aboue e heyt of my heued a woman of ful greet reuerence by semblaunt hir eyen brennyng and clere seing ouer e comune #cb myt of men4 wi a lijfly colour and wi swiche vigoure and strenke at it ne myte not be emptid4 ,al were it so at sche was ful of so greet age4 at men ne wolde not trowe in no manere at sche were of oure #cf elde4 ,sidenote3 ,her height could not be determined1 for there were times when she raised her head higher than the heavens4 e stature of hir was of a doutous iugement4 for sumtyme sche constreynede and schronk hir seluen lyche to e comune mesure of men4 and sumtyme it semede at sche touchede e heuene wi e heyte #dj of hir heued4 and when sche hef hir heued heyer sche percede e selue heuene4 so at e syt of men lokyng was in ydel4 ,sidenote3 ,her clothes were finely wrought and indissoluble1 but dark and dusky1 like old besmoked images4 ,hir cloes weren maked of ryt delye redes and subtil crafte of perdurable matere4 e wyche #dd cloes sche hadde wouen wi hir owen hondes3 as ,i knew wel aftir by hir selfe4 declaryng and schewyng to me e beaute4 e wiche cloes a derkenes of a forleten and dispised elde hadde duskid and dirkid as #dh it is wont to dirken by-smoked ymages4 ,sidenote3 ,on the lower hem of her garment was the letter and on the upper 4 ,in e neereste hem or bordure of ese cloes men redden pg #f ywouen in swiche a gregkysche 4,p4 at signifie e lijf actif4 ,and abouen at lettre in e heyeste bordure #eb a grekysche ,t4 at signifie e lijf contemplatif4 ,linenotes3 #bf auauntede--auauntede be--ben #bg ha--,,ms4 hae not--nat stedfast--stidefast #bh ,in e mene--omitted recordede--recordede #cj saw--,,ms4 sawe1 ,c4 sawh stondyng above--,,ms4 studiyng aboue1 ,c4 stondinge abouen heyt--heyhte my--myn #ca greet--gret #cb brennyng--brennynge clere seing--cleer seynge #cc swiche--swych #cd strenke--strengthe it----emptid--it myhte nat ben emted ,al--alle #cf wolde----trowe--wolden nat trowen #cg iugement--,iuggement #ch sumtyme--somtyme constreynede--constreynede schronk--,,ms4 schronke1 ,c4 shronk #ci lyche--lyk #dj semede--semede touchede--towchede #da when--whan hef--,,ms4 heued1 ,c4 hef heyer--hyere #db percede--percede syt--syhte lokyng--lookynge #dd crafte--craft #de wouen--,,ms4 wonnen1 ,c4 wouen owen hondes--owne handes #df knew--,,ms4 knewe1 ,c4 knewh selfe declaryng--self declarynge schewyng--shewynge #dg derkenes--dirknesse forleten--forletyn #dh dispised--despised hadde duskid--hadde dusked dirkid--derked #di by-smoked--the smokede neereste--nethereste #ej ese--thise #ea swiche--omitted gregkysche--grekysshe signifie--syngnifieth #eb heyeste--heyeste ,headnote3 ,a ,,description ,,of ,,philosophy4 ,sidenote3 ,between the letters were steps like a ladder4 ,and by-twene ese two lettres ere weren seien degrees nobly wrout in manere of laddres4 ,by wyche degrees men myten clymbe fro e neemaste lettre #ef to e ouermaste4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy's garments were tattered and torn1 and pieces had been carried violently off4 ,naeles hondes of sum men hadde korue at cloe by vyolence and by strenke4 ,and eueryche man of hem hadde born away syche peces as he myte geete4 ,sidenote3 ,in her right hand she bore her books1 and in her left a sceptre4 ,and forsoe is forsaide #fj woman ber bookes in hir ryt honde4 and in hir lefte honde sche ber a ceptre4 ,and when sche sau ese poetical muses aprochen aboute my bedde4 and endytyng wordes to my wepynges4 sche was a lytel ameued #fd and glowede wi cruel eyen4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy bids the ,muses leave ,boethius1 as they only increase his sorrow with their sweet venom4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #d4 ,who quod sche ha suffred aprochen to is seeke man ise comune strumpetis of siche a place at 99men clepen e theatre4 e wyche only ne asswagen not his sorowes4 wi no #fh remedies4 but ei wolde fede and norysche hem wi swete venym4 ,forsoe ise ben o at wi ornes and prykkynges of talent or affecciouns wiche at ben no ing frutefiyng nor profitable destroyen e #gb cornes plenteuouse of frutes of reson4 ,sidenote3 ,they may accustom the mind to bear grief1 but cannot free it from its malady4 ,for ei holden e hertes of men in usage4 but ei ne delyuere not folk fro maladye4 but if e muses hadde widrawen fro me wi oure flateries4 any vnkonnyng and vnprofitable pg #g man as men ben wont to fynde comunely amonges #gg e peple4 ,i wolde wene suffre e lasse greuously4 ,linenotes3 #ed by-twene ese--bytwixen thise ere--ther seien--seyn #ee nobly wrout--nobely ywroght wyche--whiche #ef myten clymbe--myhten clymbyn neemaste--nethereste #eg ouermaste--vppereste sum--some #eh hadde korue--hadden koruen cloe--cloth strenke--strengthe #ei born--,,ms4 borne1 ,c4 born away syche--awey swiche #fj geete--geten forsaide--forseide #fa ber--,,ms4 bere1 ,c4 bar bookes--smale bookes honde--hand lefte honde--left hand #fb ber--,,ms4 bere1 ,c4 baar sau ese--say thise #fc bedde--bed endytyng--enditynge #fd ameued--amoued #fe glowede--glowede ha--,,ms4 hae1 ,c4 hath #ff seeke--sike ise--the strumpetis--strompetes #fg siche--swich clepen--clepyn #fh only ne--nat oonly ne not his--nat hise no--none #fi wolde fede--wolden feeden norysche hem--noryssyn hym #gb ben--ne ben frutefiyng--fructefiynge #gc cornes plenteuouse--corn plentyuos #gd e and ne--both omitted #ge not--nat if e--,,ms4 if e1 ,c4 yif ye hadde--hadden #gf vnkonnyng--vnkunnynge #gh peple--poeple ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,rebukes ,,the ,,muses4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy is deeply grieved1 because they have not seduced one of the profane1 but one who has been brought up in ,eleatic and ,academic studies4 ,for-why in syche an vnprofitable man myne ententes weren no ing endamaged4 ,but e widrawen me #hj is man at ha ben norysched in studies or scoles of ,eleaticis and of achademicis in grece4 ,sidenote3 ,she bids the syrens begone4 ,but go now raer awey e meremaydenes wyche ben swete til it be at e laste4 and suffre is man to be cured and #hd heled by myne muses4 at is to say by notful sciences4 ,sidenote3 ,blushing for shame they pass the threshold4 ,and us is compaygnie of muses ,i-blamed casten wroely e chere adounward to e ere and schewyng by redenesse hir schame ei passeden sorowfuly e #hh reschefolde4 ,and ,i of whom e syt plonged in teres was derked so at ,i ne myte not knowe what at woman was of so imperial auctorite4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius is astonished at the presence of the august dame4 ,i wex al a-besid and astoned4 and caste my syt adoune in to e #ib ere4 and bygan stille forto abide what sche wolde don afterwarde4 o come sche nere and sette hir doun vpon e vterreste corner of my bedde4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy expresses her concern for ,boethius4 and sche byholdyng my chere at was cast to e ere heuy and #if greuous of wepyng4 compleinede wi ise wordes at ,i schal sey e perturbacioun of my out4 ,linenotes3 #gi syche--swhiche myne--myn #hj weren--ne weeren e--ye #ha ha--,,ms4 hae1 ,c4 hath ben--be scoles--schooles #hb go--,,ms4 goe1 ,c4 goth #hc wyche--whiche at #he say--seyn notful--noteful #hf ,i-blamed--,iblamyd #hg wroely--wrothly adounward--downward #hh redenesse--rednesse sorowfuly--sorwfully #hi reschefolde--thresshfold syt--syhte #ij derked--dyrked myte----knowe--myhte nat knowen #ia wex--wax #ib a-besid--abaysshed caste--cast adoune in to--down to #ic don--,,ms4 done #ie vterreste corner--vttereste cornere bedde--bed #ig compleinede--compleynde #ih sey--seyen ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,addresses ,,boethius4 ,,heu ,q,,uam ,,precipiti ,,mersa ,,profundo4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;de ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,drowned in the depth of cares the mind loses its proper clearness4 ,allas how e out of man dreint in ouer rowyng depnesse dulle and forleti hys propre clerenesse4 #ajj myntynge to gone in to foreyne derknesses as ofte as hys anoious bisines wexi wi-outen mesure4 at is dryuen to and fro wi worldly wyndes4 pg #h ,sidenote3 ,man in his freedom knew each region of the sky1 the motions of the planets1 and was wont to investigate the causes of storms1 the nature and properties of the seasons1 and the hidden causes of nature4 is man at sumtyme was fre to whom e heuene was open #ajd and knowen and was wont to gone in heuenelyche paes4 and sau e lytnesse of e rede sunne4 and sau e sterres of e colde moone4 and wyche sterre in heuene vse wandryng risorses yflit by dyuerse speres4 #ajh is man ouer comere hadde comprehendid al is by noumbre4 of accountyng in astronomye4 ,and ouer is he was wont to seche e causes whennes e sounyng wyndes moeuen and bisien e smoe water of e #aab see4 and what spirit turne e stable heuene4 and whi e sterre ryse oute of e reede eest4 to falle in e westren wawes4 and what attempri e lusty houres of e fyrste somer sesoun at hite and apparaile #aaf e ere wi rosene floures4 ,and who make at plenteuouse autumpne in fulle eres fleti wi heuy grapes4 ,and eke is man was wont to telle e dyuerses causes of nature at weren yhid4 #abj ,sidenote3 ,but now1 alas1 he is constrained to keep his face to the ground4 ,allas now lie he emptid of lyt of hys out4 and hys nekke is pressid wi heuy cheynes and bere his chere enclined adoune for e greete weyt4 and is constreyned to loke on foule ere4 #abd ,linenotes3 #aja gone--goon #ajb bisines--bysynesse outen--owte #ajc worldly--wordely #ajd sumtyme--whilom #aje gone--goon #ajf paes--paathes sau--sawh lytnesse--lythnesse sunne--sonne sau--,,ms4 sue1 ,c4 sawgh #ajg wyche--which #ajh risorses--recourses #aaa seche--seken sounyng--sownynge #aad ryse oute--aryseth owt falle--fallen #aae westren--westrene #aaf fyrste--fyrst #aai eke--ek #abj dyuerses--diuerse yhid--,,ms4 yhidde #aba lie--lith emptid--emted #abc adoune--adown greete weyt--grete weyhte #abd loke----foule--looken on the fool ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,enlightens ,,boethius4 ,,set ,,medicine ,,inquit ,,tempus4 ,sidenote3 ,the ijde prose4 ,sidenote3 ,more need of medicine than of complaint4 ,bvt tyme is now quod sche of medicine more en of compleynte4 ,forsoe en sche entendyng to me warde wi al e lokyng of hir eyen saide4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy addresses ,boethius4 ,art not ou he quod sche at sumtyme ,i-norschid wi my #abh mylke and fostred wi my meetes were ascaped and comen to corage of a perfit man4 ,certys ,i af e syche armures at if ou i self ne haddest first caste pg #i hem away4 ei schulden haue defendid e in sykernesse #acb at may not be ouer-comen4 ,knowest ou me not4 ,sidenote3 ,she fears his silence proceeds from shame rather than from stupidity4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #d b4 99,why art ou stille4 is it for schame or for astonynge4 ,it were me leuer at it were for schame4 but it seme me at astonynge ha oppressed e4 ,sidenote3 ,she finds him1 however1 in a lethargy1 the distemper of a disordered mind4 ,and whan #acf sche say me not oonly stille4 but wi-outen office of tonge and al doumbe4 sche leide hir honde softely vpon my brest and seide4 ,here nis no peril quod sche4 ,he is fallen in to a litargie4 whiche at is a comune #adj sekenes to hertes at ben desceiued4 ,he ha a litel foreten hym self4 but certis he schal lytly remembren hym self4 if so be at he ha knowen me or now4 ,sidenote3 ,to make his recovery an easy matter1 she wipes his eyes1 which were darkened by the clouds of mortal things1 and dries up his tears4 and at he may so done ,i wil wipe a litel hys eyen4 #add at ben derked by e cloude of mortel inges ise wordes seide sche4 and wi e lappe of hir garment yplitid in a frounce sche driede myn eyen at were ful of e wawes of my wepynges4 #adh ,linenotes3 #abe1 #abf en--than #abg al--alle saide--seyde #abh sumtyme--whilom ,i-norschid--,,ms4 ,i-norschide1 ,c4 noryssed #abi fostred--fostered my--myne #acj ,certys--,certes af1 yaf #aca syche--swiche if--yif caste--,c4 cast #acb away--awey schulden haue--sholden han #acc not be--nat ben ,knowest ou--knowestow #acd art ou--artow #acf ha--,,ms4 hae #ach tonge--tunge doumbe--dowmb honde--hand #aci ,here--her #adj litargie whiche--litarge which #ada sekenes--sykenesse #ada1 #adc ha--,,ms4 hae #add done--doon wil wipe--wol wypen #adf garment--garnement #adg driede--dryede were--weeren #adh ful--fulle ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,recognizes ,,his ,,physician4 ,,tunc ,,me ,,discussa4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,her touch dispels the darkness of his soul1 just as the heavy vapours1 that darken the skies and obscure the sunlight1 are chased away by the north wind1 causing the return of the hidden day1 when the sun smites our wondering sight with his sudden light4 us when at nyt was discussed and chased awey4 derknesses forleften me4 and to myn eyen repeyre aeyne her firste strenke4 and ryt by ensample as e sonne is hid when e sterres ben clustred4 at is to #aeb sey when sterres ben couered wi cloudes by a swifte wynde at hyt chorus4 and at e firmament stont derked by wete ploungy cloudes4 and at e sterres not apperen vpon heuene4 ,so at e nyt seme sprad #aef vpon ere4 ,yif an e wynde at hyt borias sent out of e kaues of e contre of ,trace beti is pg #aj nyt4 at is to seyn chasi it away and descouere e closed day4 an schine phebus yshaken wi #afj sodeyne lyt and smyte wi hys bemes in meruelyng eyen4 ,linenotes3 #adi when--whan #aej myn--myne repeyre--repeyrede #aea aeyne--omitted her firste--hir fyrst #aeb hid--,,ms4 hidde1 ,c4 hid when--whan #aec sey--seyn when--whan #aed hyt--heyhte chorus--,,ms4 thorus stont--,,ms4 stonde1 ,c4 stant #aeg an--thanne wynde--wynd hyt--hyhte #aeh sent--isent #afj an--thanne #afa sodeyne--sodeyn ,headnote3 ,,the ,,trials ,,of ,,philosophy ,,and ,,philosophers4 ,,haut#a ,,aliter ,,tristicie4 ,footnote #a3 ,,ms4 hanc4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de prose4 ,sidenote3 ,the clouds of sorrow being dispelled1 ,boethius recollects the features of his ,physician1 whom he discovers to be ,philosophy4 ,ryt so and none oer wyse e cloudes of sorowe dissolued and don awey4 ,i took heuene4 and #afd receyuede mynde to knowe e face of my fyciscien4 ,so at ,i sette myne eyen on hir and festnede my lokyng4 ,i byholde my norice philosophie4 in whos houses ,i hadde conuersed and haunted fro my oue4 #afh and ,i seide us4 ,sidenote3 ,he addresses her4 ,o ou maistresse of alle uertues descendid fro e souereyne sete4 ,whi art ou comen in to is solitarie place of myn exil4 ,art ou comen for ou art mad coupable wi me of false blames4 #agb ,sidenote3 ,she expresses her concern for him1 and tells him that she is willing to share his misfortunes4 ,o quod sche my norry scholde ,i forsake e now4 and scholde ,i not parte wi e by comune trauaille e charge at ou hast suffred for envie of my name4 ,certis it nare not leueful ne sittyng to philosophie to leten #agf wi-outen compaignie e wey of hym at is innocent4 ,sidenote3 ,she fears not any accusation1 as if it were a new thing4 ,scholde ,i an redoute my blame and agrisen as ou er were byfallen a newe ing4 q4 d4 non4 ,for trowest ou at philosophi be now alerfirst assailed #ahj in perils by folk of wickede maneres4 ,sidenote3 ,for before the age of ,plato she contended against folly1 and by her help ,socrates triumphed over an unjust death4 ,haue ,i not stryuen wi ful greet strife in olde tyme byfore e age of my plato aeins e foolhardines of foly and eke e same plato lyuyng4 hys maistre socrates #ahd deseruede victorie of vnrytful dee in my presence4 ,sidenote3 ,of the inheritance of ,socrates the rout of ,epicureans and ,stoics wanted to get a part4 e heritage of wyche socrates4 e heritage is to seyne e doctrine of e whiche socrates in hys oppinioun of pg #aa felicite at ,i clepe welfulnesse ,whan at e people #ahh of epicuriens and stoyciens and many oer enforceden hem to go rauische eueryche man for his part at is to seyne4 at to eueryche of hem wolde drawen to e defence of his oppinioun e wordes of socrates4 #aib ,sidenote3 ,philosophy withstood them1 whereupon they tore her robe1 and1 departing with the shreds1 imagined that they had got possession of her4 ei as in partie of hir preye todrowen me criynge and debatyng er aeins4 and tornen and torenten my cloes at ,i hadde wouen wi myn handes4 and wi e cloutes at ei hadden arased oute of my cloes4 ei #aif wenten awey wenyng at ,i hadde gon wi hem euery dele4 ,sidenote3 ,thus1 clothed with her spoils1 they deceived many4 ,in whiche epicuryens and stoyciens4 for as myche as er semede somme traces and steppes of myne habit4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #e4 e folye of men wenyng o epicuryens #bjj and stoyciens my 99familers peruertede 74s4 persequendo7 somme oru e errour of e wikkede or vnkunnynge multitude of hem4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy adduces examples of wise men1 who had laboured under difficulties on account of being her disciples4 is is to seyne for ei semeden philosophres3 ei weren pursued to e dee #bjd and slayn4 ,so yif ou hast not knowen e exilynge of anaxogore4 ne e empoysenyng of socrates4 ne e tourment of eno for ei weren straungers4 it mytest ou haue knowen e senectiens and e ,canyos #bjh and e sorancis of wyche folk e renoun is neyer ouer oolde ne vnsolempne4 e whiche men no ing ellys ne broute hem to e dee but oonly for ei weren enfourmed of my maneres4 and semeden moste vnlyke #bab to e studies of wicked folk4 ,and fori ou autest not to wondre ou at ,i in e bitter see of is lijf be fordryuen wi tempestes blowyng aboute4 pg #ab ,sidenote3 ,it is the aim of ,philosophy to displease the wicked1 who are more to be despised than dreaded1 for they have no leader4 in e whiche tempeste is is my most purpos at is to seyn to displese #baf to wikkede men4 ,of whiche schrews al be e oost neuer so grete it is to dispyse4 for it nis gouerned wi no leder of resoune4 but it is rauysched only by flityng errour folyly and lytly4 ,sidenote3 ,if ,philosophy is attacked by the wicked1 she retires within her fortress1 leaving the enemy busy among the useless baggage1 and laughing to scorn such hunters of trifles4 ,and if ei somtyme #bbj makyng an ost aeynest vs assaile vs as strengere4 oure leder drawe to gedir hys rycchesse in to hys toure4 and ei ben ententif aboute sarpulers or sachels vnprofitable forto taken4 but we at ben hey abouen syker #bbd fro al tumulte and wode noise4 ben stored and enclosed in syche a palays4 whider as at chateryng or anoying folye ne may not attayne4 ,we scorne swiche rauiners and honters of fouleste inges4 #bbh ,linenotes3 #afc none oer--non oother sorowe--sorwe #afe knowe--knowen #aff myne--myn festnede--fastnede #agj fro--from #agj1 #aga art ou--artow #agb mad--,,ms4 made1 ,c4 maked false--false #agd parte--parten #agf nare--nere sittyng--sittinge #agh an--thanne #agi ing--thing q4d4 non--omitted #ahj trowest ou--trowestow alerfirst--alderfirst #aha wickede--wikkede #ahb strife--strif #ahc aeins--ayenis foolhardines--foolhardinesse foly--folie #ahd eke--ek #ahe deseruede--desseruede #ahf wyche--the which seyne--seyn #ahh welfulnesse--welefulnesse #ahi oer--oothre #aij go--gon eueryche--euerich #aia seyne--seyn to--omitted eueryche--euerich #aid tornen--read coruen1 ,c4 koruen #aie wouen--,,ms4 wonnen1 ,c4 wouen #aif arased--arraced #aig gon--,,ms4 gone1 ,c4 gon #aih dele--del #aii myche--moche semede--semede and--or #bjj myne--myn wenyng--,,ms4 wevyng1 ,c4 weninge #bjb oru--thorw wikkede--wikkede vnkunnynge--vnkunnynge #bjc seyne--seyn at #bjd semeden--semede pursued--,,ms4 pursuede1 ,c4 pursued #bje slayn--,,ms4 slayne1 ,c4 slayn #bjg weren--weeren #bjh mytest ou haue--myhtestow han #bji sorancis--sorans wyche--which is--nis #baj oolde--,,ms4 colde1 ,c4 old #baa broute--browhte #bab enfourmed--,,ms4 vnfourmed1 ,c4 enformyd my--myne vnlyke--vnlyk #bac wicked folk--wikkede foolke autest--owhtest #bad wondre--wondren bitter--bittre #baf displese--displesen #bag wikkede--wikkede schrews--shrewes #bah oost--glossed acies in ,c4 grete--gret #bai1 #bbb leder--ledere #bbj flityng--fleetynge lytly--lythly if--yif #bba aeynest--ayenis #bbb to----rycchesse1 to gydere hise rychesses toure--towr #bbd hey--heye #bbe al--alle ben--omitted stored--warnestored #bbf syche--swich at--omitted #bbg scorne--schorne #bbh rauiners----inges--rauyneres henteres of fowleste thinges ,headnote3 ,,the ,,aim ,,of ,,philosophy4 ,,quisq,,ui,s ,,composito4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,he who hath triumphed over fate1 and remained insensible to the changes of ,fortune1 shall not be moved by storms1 nor by the fires of ,vesuvius1 nor by the fiercest thunderbolts4 ,who so it be at is clere of vertue sad and wel ordinat of lyuyng4 at ha put vnderfote e prowede wierdes and loki vpryt vpon eyer fortune4 he may holde hys chiere vndiscomfited4 e rage ne e manace #bcb of e commoeuyng or chasyng vpwarde hete fro e botme4 ne schal not moeue at man4 ne e vnstable mountaigne at hyt veseuus4 at wirche oute oru hys brokene chemineys smokyng fires4 ,ne e wey #bcf of onder lyt at is wont to smyte heye toures ne schal not mouene at man4 ,sidenote3 ,fear not the tyrant's rage4 ,wherto en wrecches drede e tyrauntes at ben wode and felownes wi-outen ony strenke4 ,sidenote3 ,he who neither fears nor hopes for anything disarms the tyrant4 ,hope after no ing ne drede nat4 and #bdj so schalt ou desarmen e ire of ilke vnmyty tyraunt4 pg #ac ,sidenote3 ,he whose heart fails him1 yields his arms1 and forges his own fetters4 ,but who so at quakyng drede or desire ing at nis not stable of his ryt4 at man at so do ha cast awey hys schelde and is remoeued fro hys place4 and #bdd enlace hym in e cheyne wi whiche he may be drawen4 ,linenotes3 #bbi clere--cleer #bcj lyuyng--leuynge ha--,,ms4 hae vnderfote--vndir-foot prowede--prowde #bca may----chiere--may his cheere holde #bcb manace--manesses #bcc e--e see #bce hyt--hihte veseuus--,,ms4 vesenus wirche--writith #bcf brokene--brokene smokyng--smokynge #bcg smyte--smyten #bch ,wherto en--wharto thanne #bci felownes----ony--felonos withowte any #bda schalt ou desarmen--shaltow deseruien #bdc do--,,ms4 doe1 ,c4 doth ha--,,ms4 hae1 ,c4 hath cast--,,ms4 caste1 ,c4 cast #bdd schelde--sheld remoeued fro--remwed from #bde whiche--the which be--ben ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,speaks ,,of ,,his ,,troubles4 ,,sentis ,,ne ,,inquit4 ,sidenote3 ,the verthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy seeks to know the malady of ,boethius4 ,f,elest ou quod sche ise inges and entren ei out in i corage4 ,art ou like an asse to e harpe4 #bdh ,whi wepest ou whi spillest ou teres4 ,yif ou abidest after helpe of i leche4 e byhoue discouere i wounde4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius complains of ,fortune's unrelenting rage4 o 4,i4 at hadde gadered strenke in my corage answerede and seide4 and nede it itte quod #beb 4,i4 of rehersyng or of amonicioun4 and schewe it not ynou by hym self e scharpnes of fortune at wexe woode aeynes me4 ,sidenote3 ,is not she moved1 he asks1 with the aspect of his prison8 ,ne moeue it nat e to seen e face or e manere of is place 74i4 prisoun474 ,sidenote3 ,his library1 his habit1 and his countenance are all changed4 ,is is #bef e librarie wyche at ou haddest chosen for a ryt certeyne sege to e in myne house4 ere as ou desputest ofte wi me of e sciences of inges touching diuinitee and touchyng mankynde4 ,was an #bfj myn habit swiche as it is now4 was an my face or ,interlinear3 quasi diceret non4 my chere swiche as now4 ,whan ,i soute wi e secretys of nature4 whan ou enfourmedest my maners and e resoun of al my lijf4 to e ensaumple of e ordre #bfd of heuene4 ,sidenote3 ,is this1 he asks1 the reward of his fidelity8 ,interlinear3 ironice ,is nat is e gerdoun at ,i refere to e to whom ,i haue be obeisaunt4 ,certis ou enfourmedist by e moue of plato is sentence4 ,sidenote3 ,plato 7de ,rep4 v47 says that those ,commonwealths are most happy that are governed by philosophers1 or by those who study to be so4 at is to seyne at commune inges or comunabletes weren #bfh blysful yif ei at haden studied al fully to wisdom pg #ad gouerneden ilke inges4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #e b4 or ellys yif it so by-felle at e gouernours 99of communalites studieden in grete wisdomes4 ,linenotes3 #bdg ,felest ou--,felistow out--awht #bdh art ou--artow #bdi wepest ou--wepistow spillest ou--spillestow #beb answerede--answerede #bee woode--wood #beg wyche--which #beh myne house ere--myn hows ther #bei desputest ofte--desputedest ofte #bfj an--thanne #bfa it and an--both omitted #bfa1 #bfb swiche--swich #bfb soute--sowhte #bfc secretys--secret my--,,ms4 me1 ,c4 my #bfd al--alle #bfe gerdoun--gerdouns #bff enfourmedist--conformedest #bfg moue--mowht #bfh comunabletes--comunalitees #bgj by-felle--byfille #bga in grete wisdomes--to geten wysdom ,headnote3 ,,philosophers ,,to ,,be ,,politicians4 ,sidenote3 ,the same ,plato urged philosophers to take upon them the management of public affairs1 lest it should fall into the hands of unprincipled citizens4 ou saidest eke by e moue of e same #bgb plato at it was a necessarie cause wyse men to taken and desire e gouernaunce of comune inges4 for at e gouernementes of comune citees y-left in e hondes of felonous tourmentours ,citienis ne scholde not brynge #bgf inne pestilence and destruccioun to goode folk4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius declares that he desired to put in practice 7in the management of public affairs7 what he had learnt in his retirement4 ,and erfore ,i folowynge ilk auctoritee 74s4 platonis74 desiryng to putte fure in execusioun and in acte of comune administracioun o inges at 4,i4 hadde lerned of e #bhj among my secre restyng whiles4 ou and god at putte ee in e outis of wise folk ben knowen wi me at no ing broute me to maistrie or dignite3 but e comune studie of al goodenes4 ,sidenote3 ,he sought to do good to all1 but became involved in discord with the wicked4 ,and er-of come #bhd it at by-twixen wikked folk and me han ben greuouse discordes4 at ne myten not be relesed by prayeres4 ,sidenote3 ,consciousness of integrity made him despise the anger of the most powerful4 ,for is libertee ha fredom of conscience at e wrae of more myty folk ha alwey ben despised of me for #bhh saluacioun of ryt4 ,sidenote3 ,he opposed ,conigastus1 and put a stop to the doings of ,triguilla4 ,how ofte haue 4,i4 resisted and wistonde ilk man at hyte conigaste at made alwey assautes aeins e propre fortunes of poure feble folke4 ,how ofte haue 4,i4 itte put of4 or cast out #bib hym trigwille prouost of e kynges hous boe of e wronges at he hadde bygonne to done and eke fully performed4 ,how ofte haue ,i couered and defended by e auctorite of me put aeins perils4 ,sidenote3 ,he put his authority in peril for the defence of poor folk4 at is to seine put #bif myne auctorite in peril for e wreched pore folke4 at e couetise of straungeres vnpunysched tourmentid alwey pg #ae wi myseses and greuaunces oute of noumbre4 ,linenotes3 #bgb eke--ek #bge comune--omitted y-left--,,ms4 ylefte1 ,c4 yleft #bgf ,citienis--citesenes brynge inne--bryngen in #bgh erfore--therfor ilk--thilke desiryng--desired #bgi putte fure--putten forth #bhj o--thilke #bhb putte--putte #bhc broute--ne browhte #bhd e--omitted al goodenes--alle goodnesse come--comth #bhg1 #bhh ha--,,ms4 hae #bhi saluacioun--sauacioun #bij ilk--thilke hyte--hyhte #bij conigaste--,,ms4 coniugaste #bib ofte--ofte ek itte--omitted #bid bygonne--bygunne done--don #bie couered--,,ms4 couerede1 ,c4 couered #bif put--,,ms4 putte1 ,c4 put seine--seyn #big myne--myn #bih vnpunysched--vnpunyssed #bii myseses--myseyses ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,defends ,,his ,,own ,,conduct4 ,sidenote3 ,i never deviated1 he says1 from the path of justice4 ,neuer man drow me itte fro ryt to wrong4 ,when ,i say e #cjj fortunes and e rychesse of e people of e prouinces ben harmed eyer by priue rauynes or by comune tributis or cariages4 ,sidenote3 ,i felt for those that were wrongfully oppressed4 as sory was ,i as ei at suffrede e harme4 ,glosa4 ,whan at theodoric e kyng of #cjd gothes in a dere ere hadde hys gerners ful of corne and comaundede at no man ne scholde bie no corne til his corne were solde and at at a dere greuous pris4 ,but ,i withstod at ordinaunce and ouer-com it #cjh knowyng al is e kyng hym self4 ,coempcioun at is to seyn comune achat or bying to-gidere at were establissed vpon poeple by swiche a manere imposicioun as who so boute a busshel corn he moste eue e #cab kyng e fifte part4 ,textus4 ,sidenote3 ,i opposed successfully ,coemption in ,campania4 ,whan it was in e soure hungry tyme ere was establissed or cried greuous and inplitable coempcioun at men seyn wel it schulde greetly tourmentyn and endamagen al e prouince of #caf compaigne ,i took strif aeins e prouost of e pretorie for comune profit4 ,and e kyng knowyng of it ,i ouercom it so at e coempcioun ne was not axed ne took effect4 ,sidenote3 ,i saved ,paulinus out of the hands of the hounds of the palace 7,palatini canes74 ,paulyn a counseiller of ,rome e rychesse #cbj of e whyche paulyn e houndys of e palays4 at is to seyn e officeres wolde han deuoured by hope and couetise it drow ,i hym out of e ,iowes 4s4 faucibus of hem at gapeden4 ,sidenote3 ,i defended ,albinus against ,cyprian4 ,and for as myche as e peyne #cbd of e accusacioun aiuged byforn ne scholde not sodeynly henten ne punischen wrongfuly ,albyn a counseiller of ,rome4 ,i putte me aenis e hates and indignaciouns pg #af of e accusour ,ciprian4 ,is it not an ynought yseyn #cbh at ,i haue purchased greete discordes aeins my self4 ,sidenote3 ,for the love of justice ,i forfeited all favour at ,court4 but ,i aughte be more asseured aenis alle oer folk at for e loue of rytwisnesse 4,i4 ne reseruede neuer no ing to my self to hem ward of e kynges halle 4s4 officers4 #ccb by e whiche ,i were e more syker4 ,but oru e same accusours accusyng ,i am condempned4 ,linenotes3 #cjj drow--,,ms4 drowe1 ,c4 weth drowh itte--yit wrong--wronge #cja rychesse--richesses e 7#b7--omitted #cjb harmed eyer--harmyd or amenused owther #cjc tributis--tribut suffrede--suffreden #cjd harme--harm #cje ere--yer hys--hise #cje1 #cjf1 #cjg corne--corn #cjf scholde bie--sholde byen #cjh ,but ,i withstod--,boece withstood 7,,ms4 withstode7 com--,,ms4 come1 ,c4 com #caa swiche--swich #cab boute--bowhte busshel--bossel moste eue--moste yeue #cae inplitable--vnplitable seyn--sayen #cai ouercom--,,ms4 ouercome1 ,c4 ouer com #cbj counseiller--consoler rychesse--rychesses #cba whyche--which #cbb wolde--wolden #cbc drow--,,ms4 drowe1 ,c4 drowh #cbd myche--moche #cbf punischen--punisse #cbg putte--putte #cbh yseyn--,,ms4 yseyne #cbi greete--grete #ccj aughte be--owhte be the oer--oothre #ccc by e whiche--by which oru e--thorw tho ,headnote3 ,,the ,,accusers ,,of ,,boethius4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius makes mention of his accusers1 ,basilius1 ,opilio1 ,gaudentius1 men who had been commanded to leave the city on account of their many crimes4 ,of e noumbre of whiche accusours one basilius at somtyme was chased out of e kynges seruice4 is now compelled #ccf in accusyng of my name for nede of foreine moneye4 ,also opilion and ,gaudencius han accused me4 al be it so at e ,iustice regal hadde sumtyme demed hem boe to go in to exil4 for her treccheries and fraudes #cdj wi-outen noumbre4 ,to whiche iugement ei wolde not obeye4 but defendede hem by sykernesse of holy houses4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #f4 99at is to seyne fledden in to seyntuaries4 and whan is was aperceiued to e kyng4 he comaundede #cdd but at ei voidede e citee of ,rauenne by certeyne day assigned at men scholde merken hem on e forheued wi an hoke of iren and chasen hem out of toune4 ,now what ing seme e myte be lykned to is #cdh cruelte4 ,sidenote3 ,but1 on the day this sentence was to be executed1 they accused him1 and their testimony against him was accepted4 ,for certys ilk same day was receyued e accusyng of my name by ilke same accusours4 ,what may be seid herto4 ha my studie and my konnyng deserued us4 or ellys e forseide dampnacioun of me4 #ceb made at hem rytful accusours or no 7q4d4 non74 ,sidenote3 ,fortune1 if not ashamed at this1 might at least blush for the baseness of the accusers4 ,was not fortune asshamed of is4 ,certes alle hadde nat fortune ben asshamyd at innocence was accused4 it aute sche haue had schame of e file of myn accusours4 #cef ,linenotes3 #cce whiche--the whiche one--oon somtyme--whilom #cci sumtyme--whilon #cdj go--gon her--hir #cda wi-outen--withowte wolde not--nolden nat #cdb defendede--defendedyn by--by the #cdc seyne--seyn seyntuaries--sentuarye #cdd was--omitted comaundede--comaundede #cde voidede--voidede certeyne--certeyn #cdf men--me merken--marke #cdg hoke of iren--hoot yren #cdh e--omitted myte be--myhte ben #cdi ilk--thilke #cej ilke--thilke #cea be--ben seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd ha--,,ms4 hae #ced1 #cee ,certes----asshamyd--from ,c4 #cef aute--owte haue had--han had1 ,,ms4 hadde pg #ag ,headnote3 ,,the ,,accusations ,,against ,,boethius4 ,but axest ou in somme of what gilt 4,i4 am accused4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius says he is accused of trying to save the ,senate1 and of having embarrassed an informer against the ,senate4 men seyne at ,i wolde sauen e compaignie of e senatours4 ,and desirest ou to here in what manere 4,i4 am accused at ,i scholde han distourbed #cfj e accusour to beren lettres4 by whiche he scholde han maked e senatours gilty aeins e kynges ,real maieste4 ,o meistresse what demest ou of is4 schal 4,i4 forsake is blame at ,i ne be no schame to #cfd e 7q4 d4 non74 ,sidenote3 ,it is true that he tried to save the ,senate1 for he has and will have its best interests always at heart4 ,certis 4,i4 haue wold it4 at is to seyne e sauuacioun of e senat4 ne ,i schal neuer leten to wilne it4 and at ,i confesse and am a-knowe4 but e entent of e accusour to be destourbed schal cese4 #cfh ,for schal ,i clepe it a felonie an or a synne at ,i haue desired e sauuacioun of e ordre of e senat4 and certys it hadde ilk same senat don by me oru her decret and hire iugementys as ou it were a synne #cgb or a felonie at is to seyne to wilne e sauuacioun of hem 74s senatus74 ,sidenote3 7,folly cannot change the merit of things4 ,but folye at lieth alwey to hym self may not chaunge e merit of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,according to ,socrates' judgment it is not lawful to hide the truth nor assent to a falsehood47 ,ne 4,i4 trowe not by e iugement of socrates at it were leueful #cgf to me to hide e soe4 ne assente to lesynges4 ,but certys how so euer it be of is ,i putte it to gessen or preisen to e iugement of e and of wise folk4 ,of whiche ing al e ordinaunce and e soe for as moche #chj as folk at ben to comen aftir oure dayes schollen knowen it4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius determines to transmit an account of his prosecution to posterity4 ,i haue put it in scripture and remembraunce4 for touching e lettres falsly maked4 by whiche lettres ,i am accused to han hooped e fredom of #chd ,rome4 ,what appertene me to speken er-of4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius says that he could have defeated his accusers had he been allowed the use of their confessions4 ,of whiche lettres e fraude hadde ben schewed apertly if ,i hadde had libertee forto han vsed and ben at e pg #ah confessioun of myn accusours4 e whiche ing in #chh alle nedys ha grete strenke4 ,for what oer fredom may men hopen4 ,sidenote3 ,but there is now no remains of liberty to be hoped for4 ,certys ,i wolde at some oer fredom myte be hoped4 ,i wolde an haue answered by e wordes of a man at hyte ,canius4 for whan he was #cib accused by ,gayus ,cesar ,germeins son at he 7canius7 was knowyng and consentyng of a coniuracioun maked aeins hym 74s4 ,gaius74 is ,canius answerede us4 ,yif ,i hadde wist it ou haddest not wist it4 #cif ,linenotes3 #ceg axest ou--axestow #ceh seyne--seyn sauen--saue #cei desirest ou--desires thow here--hereen #cfb maked--,,ms4 maken1 ,c4 makyd #cfc demest ou--demestow #cfe wold--,,ms4 wolde1 ,c4 wold #cff seyne--seyn #cfg at--omitted am--,i am #cfh be--ben #cfi it--it thanne an--omitted #cga ilk--thilke #cgb her--hir hire--hir ou--thogh #cgc or--and seyne--seyn #cgd lieth--,,ms4 liee1 ,c4 lieth #cgg assente--assente #cha schollen--shellen #chb and--and in #che speken--speke #che-hf of----lettres--,c4 omits #chf if--yif #chg had--,,ms4 hade1 ,c4 had #chh myn--myne #chi ha--,,ms4 hae1 ,c4 hath grete--gret what--omitted #cij some--som #cia myte be--myhte ben an haue--thanne han #cib hyte--hyhte #cid maked--ymaked #cie answerede--answerede #cif hadde--hadde ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,complains ,,to ,,philosophy4 ,sidenote3 ,it is not strange that the wicked should conspire against virtue4 ,in whiche ing sorwe ha not so dulled my witte at ,i pleyne oonly at schrewede folk apparailen folies aeins vertues4 ,but ,i wondre gretly how at ei may performe inges at ei hadde hoped forto #djj done4 ,sidenote3 ,the will to do ill proceeds from the defects of human nature4 ,for why4 to wylne schrewednesse at come parauenture of oure defaute4 ,but it is lyke to a monstre and a meruaille4 ,sidenote3 ,it is a marvel how such evil acts can be done under the eye of an ,omniscient ,god4 ,how at in e present syt of god may ben acheued and performed swiche #djd inges4 as euery felonous man ha conceyued in hys out aeins innocent4 ,for whiche ing oon of i familers not vnskilfully axed us4 ,sidenote3 ,if there be a ,god1 whence proceeds evil8 ,if there is none1 whence arises good8 if god is4 whennes comen wikkede inges4 and yif god ne is whennes #djh comen goode inges4 but al hadde it ben leueful at felonous folk at now desiren e bloode and e dee of alle goode men4 and eke of al e senat han wilned to gone destroien me4 whom ei han seyn alwey batailen #dab and defenden goode men and eke al e senat4 it hadde ,i not desserued of e fadres4 at is to seyne of e senatours at ei scholde wilne my destruccioun4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius defends the integrity of his life4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #f b4 ou remembrest wele as ,i gesse at whan ,i wolde pg #ai don or 99seyn any ing4 ou i self alwey present reweledest me4 #dag ,sidenote3 ,he defended the ,senate at ,verona4 ,at e citee of verone whan at e kyng gredy of comune slauter4 caste hym to transporten vpon al e ordre of e senat4 e gilt of his real #dbj maieste of e whiche gilt at albyn was accused4 wi how grete sykernesse of peril to me defendede ,i al e senat4 ,sidenote3 ,he spake only the truth1 and did not boast4 ou wost wel at ,i seide soe4 ne ,i auauntede me neuer in preysyng of my self4 #dbd ,sidenote3 7,boasting lessens the pleasure of a self approving conscience47 ,for alwey when any wyt resceiue preciouse renoun in auauntyng hym self of hys werkes3 he amenusi e secre of hys conscience4 ,but now ou mayst wel seen to what ende ,i am comen for myne innocence4 #dbh ,linenotes3 #cig whiche--which sorwe--sorw ha--,,ms4 hae witte--wit #cih schrewede--shrewede #cii folies--felonies vertues--vertu #djj hadde--han #dja done--don come--comth #djb lyke to a--lyk a #djd syt--syhte #dje ha--,,ms4 hae #djf innocent--innocent whiche--which #djh wikkede--wykkede #daj bloode--blod #daa eke--ek #dab gone--gon and seyn--seyen #dac eke--ek #dad seyne--seyn #dae scholde--sholden #daf wele--wel #dag don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 doon seyn--seyen #dah e 7#a7--omitted #dai slauter--slawhtre #dbj transporten vpon--transpor vp #dbb grete--gret defendede--deffendede #dbc seide soe--seye soth #dbd auauntede--auauntede #dbe when--whan preciouse--presious ,headnote3 ,,of ,,his ,,false ,,accusers4 ,sidenote3 ,but as the reward of his innocence he is made to suffer the punishment due to the blackest crime4 ,i receiue peyne of fals felonie in gerdoun of verray vertue4 ,and what open confessioun of felonie hadde euer iugis so accordaunt in cruelte4 at is to seyne as myne accusyng ha4 at oer errour of #dcb mans witte or ellys condicioun of fortune at is vncerteyne to al mortal folk ne submyttede summe of hem4 at is to seyne at it ne cheynede summe iuge to han pitee or compassioun4 #dcf ,sidenote3 ,had he been accused of a design to burn temples1 massacre priests1 he would have been allowed to confront his accusers4 ,for al ou ,i hadde ben accused at ,i wolde brenne holy houses4 and strangle prestys wi wicked swerde4 or at 4,i4 hadde grayed dee to alle goode men algatis e sentence scholde han punysched me present confessed or conuict4 ,sidenote3 ,but now this is denied him1 and he is proscribed and condemned to death4 ,but #ddj now ,i am remewed fro e ,citee of rome almost fyue-hundre ousand pas4 ,i am wi outen defence dampned to proscripcioun and to e dee4 for e studie and bountees at ,i haue done to e senat4 ,but o wel ben #ddd ei wori of mercye 7as who sei nay47 er myte neuer it non of hem ben conuicte4 ,of swiche a blame as pg #bj myn is of swiche trespas myn accusours seyen ful wel e dignitee4 ,linenotes3 #dbi in--for #dcj vertue--vertu #dca hadde--hadde #dcb seyne--seyn myne--myn ha--,,ms4 hae #dcc witte--wit vncerteyne--vncerteyn #dcd al--alle submyttede--submittede #dce seyne--seyn cheynede--enclinede #dcf hadde--hadde #dch wicked--wykkede hadde--hadde #dda almost--almest #ddb ousand--,,ms4 ousas wi outen--withowte #ddd done--doon #dde myte--myhte #ddf ben--be swiche--swich #ddg myn 7both7--myne swiche--whiche seyen--sayen ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,accused ,,of ,,sorcery4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius says that his enemies accused him of sorcery4 e wiche dignite for ei wolde derken it #ddh wi medelyng of some felonye4 ei beren me on honde and lieden4 at ,i hadde polute and defouled my conscience wi sacrelege4 for couetise of dignite4 ,and certys ou i self at art plaunted in me chacedest oute #deb e sege of my corage al couetise of mortal inges4 ne sacrilege ne hadde no leue to han a place in me byforne ine eyen4 ,sidenote3 ,he affirms that he has always followed the golden maxim of ,pythagoras1-- 4 ,for ou drouppedest euery day in myn eeres and in my out ilk comaundement of pictogoras4 #def at is to seyne men schal seruen to god4 and not to goddes4 ,ne it was no couenaunt ne no nede to taken helpe of e foulest spirites4 ,i at ou hast ordeyned or set in syche excellence at ou makedest #dfj me lyke to god4 and ouer is e ryt clene secre chaumbre of myn house4 ,sidenote3 ,his family and friends could clear him from all suspicion of the crime of sorcery4 at is to seye my wijf and e compaignie of myn honeste frendis4 and my wyues fadir as wel holy as wori to ben reuerenced oru #dfd hys owen dedis4 defenden me of al suspeccioun of syche blame4 ,but o malice4 ,for ei at accusen me taken of e philosophie feie of so grete blame4 ,sidenote3 ,because he has given himself up to ,philosophy1 his enemies accuse him of using unlawful arts4 ,for #dfg ei trowen at 4,i4 haue had affinite to malyfice or enchauntement by cause at ,i am replenissed and fulfilled wi i techynges4 and enformed of i maners4 ,and us it suffice not only at i reuerence ne auayle me not4 but if at ou of i fre wille raer be blemissed #dgb wi myne offensioun4 ,but certys to e harmes at ,i haue ere bytyde it is encrece of harme4 ,linenotes3 #ddh wolde--wolden #ddi some--som beren--baren on honde--an hand #dej polute--polut #dea sacrelege--,c4 has sorcerie as a gloss to sacrilege #dec al--alle #ded hadde--hadde byforne--byforn #dee drouppedest--droppedest myn--myne #def ilk--thilke #deg seyne--seyn seruen--serue god--godde #dei helpe--help spirites--spirite #dfj set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set syche--swiche ou--thow #dfa lyke--lyk #dfb house--hows seye--seyn #dfc myn--my #dfe owen--owne of al--from alle syche--swich #dfg philosophie--philosophre feie--feyth grete--gret #dfh had--,,ms4 hadde1 ,c4 had #dgc myne--myn #dgd ere--ther harme--harm pg #ba ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,deplores ,,the ,,popular ,,censure4 at e gessinge and e iugement of myche folk ne loken no ing to edesertys of inges but only to e auenture #dgf of fortune4 ,sidenote3 ,most people imagine that that only should be judged to be undertaken with prudent foresight which is crowned with success4 ,and iugen at only swiche inges ben purueied of god4 whiche at temporel welefulnesse commendi4 ,glosa4 ,as us at yif a wyt haue prosperite4 he is a good man and wori to haue at #dhj prosperite4 ,sidenote3 ,the unfortunate lose the good opinion of the world4 and who so ha aduersite he is a wikked man4 and god ha forsake hym4 and he is wori to haue at aduersite4 is is e opinioun of somme folke4 ,sidenote3 99 ,text begins again4 99and er of come at good gessyng4 ,fyrste of #dhd al ing forsake wrecches certys it greue me to inke ryt now e dyuerse sentences at e poeple sei of me4 ,and us moche ,i seye at e laste charge of contrarious fortune is is4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #g4 99at whan at ony blame is #dhh laid vpon a caytif4 men wenen at he ha deserued at he suffre4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius laments the loss of his dignities and reputation4 ,and ,i at am put awey from goode men and despoiled from dignitees and defoulid of my name by gessyng haue suffred torment for my goode dedis4 #dib ,sidenote3 ,the wicked1 he says1 sin with impunity1 while the innocent are deprived of security1 protection1 and defence4 ,certys me seme at ,i se e felonus couines of wikked men abounden in ioie and in gladnes4 ,and ,i se at euery lorel shapi hym to fynde oute newe fraudes forto accusen goode folke4 and ,i se at goode #dif men ben ouerrowen for drede of my peril4 and euery luxurious tourmentour dar don alle felonie vnpunissed and ben excited erto by iftes4 and innocent ne ben not oonly despoiled of sykernesse but of defence #ejj and erfore me list to crien to god in is manere4 ,linenotes3 #dge myche--moche #dgf edesertys--the desert #dgi ,glosa--glose #dhj good--,,ms4 goode1 ,c4 good haue--han #dha so--omitted in ,c4 #dha1 #dhb ha--,,ms4 hae #dhc haue--han #dhd ,fyrste--fyrst #dhe al--alle inke--thinke #dhh ony--any #dhi laid--,,ms4 laide1 ,c4 leyd ha--,,ms4 hae #dij put--,,ms4 putte1 ,c4 put #dia from--of #did abounden--habownden gladnes--gladnesse #die oute--owt #dif accusen--accuse #dig ben--beth #eja manere--wise ,headnote3 ,,the ,,cruel ,,changes ,,of ,,fortune ,o ,,stelliferi ,,conditor ,,orbis4 ,sidenote3 ,the fifthe metur4 ,sidenote3 ,author of the starry sky1 ,thou1 seated on high1 turnest the spheres1 and imposest laws upon the stars and planets4 ,o ou maker of e whele at bere e sterres4 whiche at art fastned to i perdurable chayere4 and turnest e heuene wi a rauyssyng sweighe and constreinest pg #bb e sterres to suffren i lawe4 ,so at e #eje mone somtyme schynyng wi hir ful hornes metyng wi alle e bemes of e sonne4 ,sidenote3 ,the sun obscures the lesser lights1 and quenches even the moon's light4 ,hir broer hide e sterres at ben lasse4 and somtyme whan e mone #ejh pale wi hir derke hornes approche e sonne4 leesith hir lytes4 ,sidenote3 ,thou raisest ,hesperus to usher in the shades of night1 and again causest him to be the harbinger of day1 whence his name ,lucifer4 ,and at e euesterre esperus whiche at in e firste tyme of e nyt brynge fure hir colde arysynges come eft aeynes hir vsed cours4 and #eab is pale by e morwe at e rysynge of e sonne4 and is an cleped lucifer4 ou restreinest e day by schorter dwellyng in e tyme of colde wynter at make e leues to falle4 ou diuidest e swifte tides of e #eaf nyt when e hote somer is comen4 ,sidenote3 ,thou controllest the changing seasons of the year4 i myt attempre o variaunt sesons of e ere4 so at epherus e deboneire wynde bringe aein in e firste somer sesoun e leues at e wynde at hyte boreas #ebj ha reft awey in autumpne4 at is to seyne in e laste eende of somer4 and e sedes at e sterre at hyt arcturus saw ben waxen heye cornes whan e sterre sirius eschaufe hym4 #ebd ,sidenote3 ,all nature is bound by thy eternal law4 ere nis no ing vnbounde from hys olde lawe ne forlete hym of hys propre estat4 ,linenotes3 #ejb whele--whel whiche--which #ejc fastned--yfastned chayere--chayer #ejd sweighe--sweyh constreinest1 ,,ms4 contreuiest1 ,c4 constreynest #ejf hir--here #ejh lasse--lesse #eaj esperus whiche--hesperus which #eaa firste--fyrste fure--forth #eab eft--est #ead restreinest--,,ms4 restreniest #eaf to--omitted #eah attempre o--atempreth the sesons--sesoun ere--yer #eai wynde bringe--wynd brengeth #ebj wynde--wynd hyte--hihte #eba reft--,,ms4 refte1 ,c4 reft seyne--seyn #ebb hyt--hihte arcturus--,,ms4 ariturus #ebc saw--,,ms4 sawe1 ,c4 sawgh heye--hyye #ebd hym--hem ere--ther ing--thinge #ebe from--fram forlete hym of--forleetheth e werke of ,headnote3 ,,contrasted ,,with ,,the ,,order ,,of ,,nature4 ,sidenote3 ,why1 then1 leavest thou man's actions uncontrolled8 ,o ou gouernour gouernyng alle inges by certeyne ende4 why refusest ou oonly to gouerne e werkes of men by dewe manere4 ,sidenote3 ,why should fickle fortune be allowed to work such mighty changes in the world8 ,whi suffrest ou at slidyng #ebh fortune turne to grete vtter chaungynges of inges4 so at anoious peyne at scholde duelly punisshe felouns punissit innocent4 ,sidenote3 ,the wicked are prosperous1 while the righteous are in adversity4 ,and folk of wikkede maneres sitten in heie chaiers4 and anoienge folk #ecb treden and at vnrytfully in e nekkes of holy men4 pg #bc ,and vertue clere and schynyng naturely is hid in dirke dirkenesses4 and e rytful man beri e blame and e peyne of e felowne4 ,ne e forsweryng ne #ecf e fraude couered and kembd wi a fals colour ne a-noye not to schrewes4 e whiche schrewes whan hem lyst to vsen her strenge ei reioisen hem to putten vndir hem e souerayne kynges4 whiche at #edj poeple wiouten noumbre dreden4 ,sidenote3 ,o thou that bindest the disagreeing elements1 look upon this wretched earth1 and1 as thou dost govern the spacious heavens1 so let the earth be firmly bound4 ,o ou what so euer ou be at knyttest alle bondes of inges loke on ise wrecchede eres4 we men at ben nat a foule party but a faire party of so grete a werke we #edd ben turmentid in e see of fortune4 ou gouernour widraw and restreyne e rauyssinge flodes and fastne and forme ise eres stable wi ilke bonde wi whiche ou gouernest e heuene at is so large4 #edh ,linenotes3 #ebg refusest ou--refowsestow #ebi to----inges--so grete entrechaunginges of thynges #eca punissit--punysshe wikkede--wykkede #ecb heie--heere #ecc in--oon #ecd and--omitted #ecf ,ne e forsweryng--,ne forswerynge #ecg kembd--,,ms4 kembde1 ,c4 kembd #eda wiouten--withhowtyn #edb knyttest--knyttest #edc wrecchede--wrecchede #edd a 7#b7--omitted #ede e--this #edf widraw--,,ms4 widrawe1 ,c4 withdrawh e--thei #edg forme--ferme bonde--from ,c4 wi--by ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,consoles ,,boethius1 ,,hic ,,ubi ,,continuato ,,dolore4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy consoles ,boethius4 ,whan ,i hadde wi a continuel sorwe sobbed or broken out ise inges sche wi hir chere peisible and no ing amoeued4 wi my compleyntes seide us4 whan ,i say e quod sche sorweful and wepyng ,i wiste #eeb on-one at ou were a wrecche and exiled4 but ,i wiste neuer how fer ine exile was3 if i tale ne hadde schewed it to me4 but certys al be ou fer fro i contre4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #g b4 ou nart 99nat put out of it4 but ou hast #eef fayled of i weye and gon amys4 ,sidenote3 ,she speaks to him of his country4 and yif ou hast leuer forto wene an ou be put out of i contre4 an hast ou put oute i self raer en ony oer wyt ha4 ,linenotes3 #eej broken--borken #eeb wiste--wyste #eec on-one--anon #eed wiste--wyste fer--ferre #eee ne hadde--nadde #eeg gon--,,ms4 gone1 ,c4 gon #eeh leuer--leuere #eeh1 #eei put--,,ms4 putte1 ,c4 put #eei ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,and ,,proposes ,,to ,,administer ,,remedies4 ,for no wyt but i self ne myte neuer haue don #efj at to e4 pg #bd ,sidenote3 ,she reminds him that he is a citizen of a country not governed by a giddy multitude1 but 1 4 ,for if ou remembre of what contre ou art born4 it nis not gouerned by emperoures4 ne by gouernement of multitude4 as weren e contres of hem of athenes4 ,but o lorde and o kyng and at is god #efd at is lorde of i contree4 whiche at reioise hym of e dwellyng of hys ,citeenis4 and not forto putte hem in exile4 ,of e whiche lorde it is a souerayne fredom to be gouerned by e bridel of hym and obeie to his #efh iustice4 ,sidenote3 ,the ,commonwealth of ,boethius4 ,hast ou foreten ilke ryt olde lawe of i ,citee4 in e whiche ,citee it is ordeyned and establissed at what wyt at ha leuer founden er inne hys sete or hys house4 en ellys where3 he may not be exiled #egb by no ryt fro at place4 ,for who so at is contened in-wi e paleis and the clos of ilke ,citee4 er nis no drede at he may deserue to ben exiled4 ,but who at lette e wille forto enhabite ere4 he forlete #egf also to deserue to ben ,citeein of ilke ,citee4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy says she is moved more by the looks of ,boethius than by his gloomy prison4 ,so at ,i seye at e face of is place ne amoeue me nat so myche as ine owen face4 ,ne 4,i4 ne axe not raer e walles of i librarie apparailled and wrout #ehj wi yvory and wi glas an after e sete of i out4 ,sidenote3 ,books are to be valued on account of the thoughts they contain4 ,in whiche ,i putte nat somtyme bookes4 but 4,i4 putte at at make bookes wori of pris or precious at is to sein e sentence of my books4 ,and certeinly of #ehd i decertes by-stowed in commune good4 ou hast seid soe but after e multitude of i goode dedys4 ou hast seid fewe4 and of e vnhonestee or falsnesse of inges at ben opposed aeins e4 ou hast remembred inges #ehh at ben knowe to alle folk4 ,sidenote3 ,boethius has rightfully and briefly recounted the frauds of his accusers4 and of e felonies and fraudes of ine accusours4 it seme e haue ,i-touched it forsoe rytfully and schortly4 ,al myten o same inges bettere and more plentiuousely be couth pg #be in e moue of e poeple at knowe al is4 ou #eic hast eke blamed gretly and compleyned of e wrongful dede of e senat4 ,and ou hast sorwed for my blame4 ,sidenote3 ,thou hast1 said ,philosophy1 bewailed the loss of thy good name1 thou hast complained against ,fortune1 and against the unequal distribution of rewards and punishments4 and ou hast wepen for e damage of i renoune #eif at is appaired4 and i laste sorwe eschaufed aeins fortune and compleinest at gerdouns ne ben not euenliche olde to e desertes of folk4 and in e lattre ende of i woode muse ou priedest at ilke pees at #fjj gouerne e heuene scholde gouerne e ere ,but for at many tribulaciouns of affecciouns han assailed e4 and sorwe and ,ire and wepyng todrawen ee dyuersely ,sidenote3 ,strong medicines are not proper for thee now1 distracted by grief1 anger1 and sadness4 ,as ou art now feble of out4 mytyer #fjd remedies ne schullen not it touchen e for whiche we wile vsen somedel lyter medicines4 ,sidenote3 ,light medicines must prepare thee for sharper remedies4 ,so at ilke passiouns at ben woxen harde in swellyng by perturbacioun folowyng in to i out mowen woxe esy #fjh and softe to receyuen e strenke of a more myty and more egre medicine by an esier touchyng4 ,linenotes3 #efj myte--myhte haue--han don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #efb born--,,ms4 borne1 ,c4 born #eff hys--hise putte--put #efh be--ben #ega ha--,,ms4 hae #egb house--hows #egd and----clos--from ,c4 #egf wille--wyl enhabite--enhabyte #egh seye--sey amoeue--moueth #egi myche--mochel owen--owne ne 7#b7--omitted #ehb putte 7both7--put somtyme--whilom #ehe decertes--desertes seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyde #ehf soe--soth #ehg seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd #ehh opposed--aposyd #eii knowe--knowyn #eib be couth--,,ms4 be couthe1 ,c4 ben cowth #eif wepen--wopen #eig laste--last eschaufed--eschaufede #eih not--omitted #eii olde--yolden #fjb many--manye #fjd mytyer--myhtyere #fje whiche--which #fjf wile--wol lyter--lyhtere ilke--thilke #fjg harde--hard #fjh folowyng--,flowyng woxe--wexen #faj esier--esyere ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,questions ,,boethius4 ,,cu,m ,,phebi ,,radiis ,g,,ra,,ue ,,ca,n,c,r,i ,,sid,,us ,,enestuat4 ,sidenote3 ,the sixte metur4 ,sidenote3 ,he who sows his seed when the sun is in the ,sign of ,cancer1 must look for no produce4 ,whan at e heuy sterre of e cancre eschaufe by e beme of phebus4 at is to seyne whan at phebus #fab e sonne is in e signe of e ,cancre4 ,who so eue an largely hys sedes to e feldes at refuse to receiuen hem4 lete hym gon bygyled of trust at he hadde to hys corn4 to acorns or okes4 ,sidenote3 ,think not to ingather violets in the wintry and stormy season4 yif ou wilt #faf gadre violett4 ne go ou not to e purper wode whan e felde chirkynge agrise of colde by e felnesse of e wynde at hyt aquilon ,sidenote3 ,if you wish for wine in autumn let the tendrils of the vine be free in the spring4 ,yif ou desirest or wolt vsen grapes ne seke ou nat wi a glotonus hande pg #bf to streine and presse e stalkes of e vine in e first #fba somer sesoun4 for bachus e god of wyne ha raer euen his iftes to autumpne e latter ende of somer4 ,sidenote3 ,to every work ,god assigns a proper time1 nor suffers anything to pass its bounds4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #h4 ,god tokeni and assigne 99e tymes4 ablyng hem #fbd to her propre offices4 ,ne he ne suffre not stoundes whiche at hym self ha deuided and constreined to be medeled to gidre ,sidenote3 ,success does not await him who departs from the appointed order of things4 ,and fori he at forlete certeyne ordinaunce of doynge by ouerrowyng wey4 #fbh he ne ha no glade issue or ende of hys werkes4 ,linenotes3 #fab beme--beemes seyne--seyn #fad hys--hise refuse--refusen #fae after hem ,c4 adds s4 corn lete hym gon 7,,ms4 gone7--lat hym gon #faf or--of wilt gadre--wolt gadery #fah felde--feeld felnesse--felnesses #fai hyt--hyhte #fbj hande--hond #fbb ha--,,ms4 hae #fbe her propre--heere propres not--nat the #fbf ha--,,ms4 hae #fbg be medeled--ben ,i-medled #fbh certeyne--certeyn #fbi ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,discovers ,,the ,,cause ,,of ,,his ,,distemper4 ,,primu,m ,,igitur ,,pateris ,,rogacionib,,us4 ,sidenote3 ,the syxte prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy proposes to question ,boethius4 ,f,irst wolt ou suffre me to touche and assaie e stat of i out by a fewe demaundes4 so at ,i may vnderstonde what be e manere of i curacioun4 ,axe #fcb me quod 4,i4 atte i wille what ou wilt4 and ,i schal answere4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,is the world governed by ,chance8 o saide sche us4 wheer wenest ou quod sche at is worlde be gouerned by foolisshe happes and fortunes4 or elles wenest ou at er be in it any #fcf gouernement of resoun4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,by no means4 ,the ,creator presides over his own works4 ,certes quod 4,i4 ne trowe not in no manere at so certeyne inges scholde be moeued by fortunouse fortune4 but ,i wot wel at god maker and mayster is gouernour of is werk4 ,sidenote3 ,i shall never swerve from this opinion4 ,ne neuer nas #fdj it day at myte putte me oute of e soenesse of at sentence4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,yes6 ,thou didst say as much when thou didst declare man alone to be destitute of divine care4 ,so is it quod sche4 for e same ing songe ou a lytel here byforne and byweyledest and byweptest4 at only men weren put oute of e cure of #fdd god4 ,for of alle oer inges ou ne doutest nat at ei nere gouerned by reson4 ,sidenote3 ,still thou seemest to labour under some defect even in this conviction4 but how 74i4 pape474 ,i wondre gretly certes whi at ou art seek4 sien ou art put in to so holesom a sentence4 but lat vs seken #fdh depper4 ,i coniecte at ere lakke ,i not what4 pg #bg ,sidenote3 ,tell me how the world is governed4 but sey me is4 sien at ou ne doutest nat at is worlde be gouerned by god wi swycche gouernailes takest ou hede at it is gouerned4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i do not thoroughly comprehend your question4 vnne quod 4,i4 knowe #feb 4,i4 e sentence of i questioun4 so at ,i ne may nat it answeren to i demaundes4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i was not deceived1 then1 when ,i said there was some defect in thy sentiment4 ,i nas nat deceiued quod sche at ere ne faile sumwhat4 by whiche e maladie of perturbacioun is crept in to i out4 so #fef as e strenge of e paleys schynyng is open4 ,sidenote3 ,tell me what is the chief end of all things2 and whither all things tend4 ,but seye me is remembrest ou out what is e ende of i inges4 whider at e entencioun of al kynde tende4 ,i haue herd told it somtyme quod 4,i4 but drerynesse #ffj ha dulled my memorie4 ,certys quod sche ou wost wel whennes at alle inges ben comen and proceded4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,god is the beginning of all things4 ,i wot wel quod 4,i4 and ansewerede at god is e bygynnyng of al4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,how1 then1 art thou ignorant of their end8 ,and how may is be #ffd quod sche at sien ou knowest e bygynnyng of inges4 at ou ne knowest not what is e endyng of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,but it is the nature of these perturbations 7which thou endurest7 to unsettle men's minds4 but swiche ben e customes of perturbaciouns4 and is power ei han4 at ei may moeue a man fro #ffh hys place4 at is to seyne from e stablenes and perfeccioun of hys knowyng4 but certys ei may not al arace hym ne alyene hym in al4 ,but ,i wolde at ou woldest answere to is4 ,sidenote3 ,dost thou remember that thou art a man8 ,remembrest ou at #fgb ou art a man ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,certainly ,i do4 ,boice4 ,whi scholde ,i nat remembre at quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,what is man8 ,philosophie4 ,maiste ou not telle me an quod sche what ing is a man4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,if you ask me whether ,i am a rational and mortal creature1 ,i know and confess ,i am4 ,axest not me quod ,i4 wheir at be a resonable best mortel4 ,i #fgf wot wel and ,i confesse wel at ,i am it4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,but dost thou not know that thou art more than this8 ,wistest ou neuer it at ou were ony oer ing quod she4 ,linenotes3 #fcj wolt ou--woltow stat--estat #fcc atte--at wilt--wolt #fce worlde--world foolisshe--foolyssh #fcf fortunes--fortunows #fch scholde--sholden #fci wot--,,ms4 wote1 ,c4 woot #fda myte putte--myhte put #fdd put--,,ms4 putte #fde doutest--dowtedest #fdf how--owh #fdg seek sien--syke syn #fdh put--,,ms4 putte1 ,c4 put #fdi depper--deppere not what--not nere what #fej sien--syn worlde--world #fea takest ou--takestow #feh seye--sey remembrest ou--remenbres thow out--omitted #fei al--alle #ffj herd told--,,ms4 herde tolde herd told it--herd yt toold #ffa ha--,,ms4 hae #ffc proceded--procedeth ansewerede--answerede #ffd e--omitted al--alle #ffe sien--syn #ffh fro--owt of #ffi seyne from--seyn fro #fgb ,remembrest ou--,remenbresthow #fgd ,maiste ou--,maysthow #fge an--anne ing--thinge ,axest--,axestow #fgg ,wistest ou--wystesthow #fgh ing--thinge pg #bh ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,needs ,,light ,,remedies4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no4 ,no quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,now ,i know the principal cause of thy distemper4 now wot ,i quod she oer cause of i maladie and at ryt grete ou hast left forto #fhj knowe i self what ou art4 oru whiche ,i haue pleynelyche knowen e cause of i maladie4 or ellis e entre of recoueryng of in hele4 ,sidenote3 ,thou hast lost the knowledge of thyself1 thou knowest not the end of things1 and hast forgotten how the world is governed4 ,forwhy for ou art confounded wi foretyng of i self4 fori sorwest #fhd ou at ou art exiled of i propre goodes4 ,and for ou ne wost what is e ende of inges4 fori demest ou at felonous and wikked men ben myty and weleful for ou hast foreten by whiche gouernement e worlde #fhh is gouerned4 ,fori wenest ou at ise mutaciouns of fortune fleten wi outen gouernour4 ,sidenote3 ,these are not only great occasions of disease1 but also causes of death itself4 ise ben grete causes not oonly to maladie4 but certes grete causes to dee ,sidenote3 ,i thank ,god that ,reason hath not wholly deserted thee4 ,but ,i anke e auctour and e makere of #fib heele at nature ha not al forleten e4 ,sidenote3 ,i have some hope of thy recovery since thou believest that the world is under ,divine ,providence1 for this small spark shall produce vital heat4 and ,i haue grete norissinges of i hele4 and at is e soe sentence of gouernaunce of e worlde4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #h b4 at ou byleuest at e gouernynge of it nis nat subgit ne vnderput #fif to e folie 99of ise happes auenterouses4 but to e resoun of god ,and er fore doute e noing4 ,for of is litel spark ine heet of lijf schal shine4 ,sidenote3 ,but as this is not the time for stronger remedies1 and because it is natural to embrace false opinions so soon as we have laid aside the true1 from whence arises a mist that darkens the understanding1 ,i shall endeavour therefore to dissipate these vapours so that you may perceive the true light4 ,but for as muche as it is not tyme itte of fastere remedies #gjj ,and e nature of outes disseiued is is at as ofte as ei casten aweye soe opyniouns3 ei cloen hem in false opiniouns4 of whiche false opyniouns e derknesse of perturbacioun wexe vp4 at comfounde e verray #gjd insyt4 and at derkenes schal 4,i4 say somwhat to maken inne and wayk by lyt and meenelyche remedies4 so at after at e derknes of desseyuynge desyrynges is don awey4 ou mowe knowe e schynyng #gjh of verray lyt4 ,linenotes3 #fhj hast left--,,ms4 haste lefte1 ,c4 hast left #fha knowe--knowen pleynelyche knowen--pleynly fwonde founde #fhd sorwest ou--sorwistow #fhf fori demest ou--,for thy demesthow #fhg wikked--,,ms4 wilked1 ,c4 wykkyd #fhh worlde--world #fhi wenest ou--wenestow #fij outen--owte #fic ha--,,ms4 hae al--alle #fid i--thin #fif vnderput--vndyrputte #fig to 7#b7--omitted #fih fore--for noing--nothinge #fii spark ine heet--sparke thin hete #gjj muche--meche #gjb aweye--away #gjc of----opyniouns--from ,c4 #gje insyt--insyhte say--assaye #gjf lyt--lyhte #gjh don--,,ms4 done mowe--mowe pg #bi ,headnote3 ,,he ,,is ,,not ,,to ,,take ,,his ,,losses ,,to ,,heart4 ,,nubib,,us ,,atris ,,condita4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende ,metyr4 ,sidenote3 ,black clouds obscure the light of the stars4 ,e sterres couered wi blake cloudes ne mowen geten a doun no lyt4 ,sidenote3 ,if the south wind renders the sea tempestuous1 the waves1 fouled with mud1 will lose their glassy clearness4 if e trouble wynde at hyt auster stormynge and walwyng e see medle e #gab heete at is to seyne e boylyng vp from e botme e wawes at somtyme weren clere as glas and lyke to e faire bryte dayes wistant anon e sytes of men4 by e file and ordure at is resolued4 #gaf and e fletyng streme at royle doun dyuersely fro heye mountaignes is arestid and resisted ofte tyme by e encountrynge of a stoon at is departid and fallen from some roche4 #gbj ,sidenote3 ,if thou wouldst see truth by the clearest light1 pursue the path of right4 ,and fori yif ou wilt loken and demen soe wi clere lyt4 and holde e weye wi a ryt pae4 ,sidenote3 ,away with joy1 fear1 hope1 and sorrow4 ,weyue ou ioie4 drif fro e drede4 fleme ou hope4 ne lat no sorwe aproche4 ,sidenote3 ,let none of these passions cloud thy mind4 at is to sein lat noon of ise four passiouns ouer come e4 #gbd or blynde e4 ,sidenote3 ,where these things control1 the soul is bound by strong fetters4 for cloudy and dirke is ilk out and bounde with bridles4 where as ise inges regnen4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,primus4 ,linenotes3 #gaj blake--blake #gab stormynge--turnyng #gac from--fro #gad somtyme--whilom #gae lyke--lyk faire----wistant 7,,ms4 wistante7--fayre cleere dayes and brihte withstand #gaf sytes--syhtes #gag streme--strem #gah heye--hy #gbj from some--fram som wilt--wolt #gba soe--soth clere--cleer holde--holden #gbb weye--wey pae--paath #gbd come--comen #gbe blynde--blende ilk--thilke ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,exhibits ,,to ,,boethius ,,the ,,wiles ,,of ,,fortune4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,secundus4 ,,postea ,,pau,,lisper ,,conticuit4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrst prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy exhorts ,boethius not to torment himself on account of his losses4 ,after is she stynte a litel4 and after at she hadde gadred by atempre stillenesse myn attencioun she #gbh seide us4 ,sidenote3 ,thou art1 she says1 affected by the loss of thy former fortune4 ,as who so myte seye us4 ,after ise inges she stynte a lytel4 and whanne she aperceiuede by atempre stillenesse at ,i was ententif to herkene hire4 she bygan to speke in is wyse4 ,yif #gcb ,i quod she haue vnderstonden and knowe vtterly e pg #cj causes and e habit of i maladie4 ou languissed and art deffeted for talent and desijr of i raer fortune4 ,sidenote3 ,it hath perverted thy faculties4 ,she at ilke fortune only at is chaunged as ou #gcf feinest to e ward4 ha peruerted e clerenesse and e astat of i corage4 ,sidenote3 ,i am well acquainted with all the wiles of that ,prodigy 7i4 e4 ,fortune74 ,i vnderstonde e felefolde colour and deceites of ilke merueillous monstre fortune4 and how she vse ful flatryng familarite wi hem #gdj at she enforce to bygyle4 so longe til at she confounde wi vnsuffreable sorwe hem at she ha left in despeir vnpurueyed4 ,sidenote3 ,though she has left thee1 thou hast not lost anything of beauty or of worth4 and if ou remembrest wel e kynde e maners and e desert of ilke fortune4 ow #gdd shalt wel knowe as in hir ou neuer ne haddest ne hast ylost any fair ing4 ,but as ,i trowe ,i shal not gretly trauaile to don e remembren of ise inges4 ,sidenote3 ,thou wert once proof against her allurements4 ,for ou were wont to hurtlen and despysen hir #gdh wi manly wordes whan she was blaundissinge and presente and pursewedest hir wi sentences at were drawen oute of myne entre4 at is to seyne out of myn informacioun ,sidenote3 ,but sudden change works a great alteration in the minds of men1 hence it is that thou art departed from thy usual peace of mind4 ,but no sudeyne mutacioun ne #geb bytide nat wi outen a maner chaungyng of curages4 and so is it byfallen at ou art departed a litel fro e pees of i out4 ,sidenote3 ,but with some gentle emollients ,i shall prepare thee for stronger medicines4 but now is tyme at ou drynke and ataste some softe and delitable inges4 so at whan #gef ei ben entred wi inne e4 it mow make weye to strenger drynkes of medycynes4 ,sidenote3 ,approach then1 ,rhetoric1 with thy persuasive charms1 and therewith let ,music also draw near4 ,com nowe fure erfore e suasioun of swetnesse ,rethoryen4 whiche at go oonly e ryt wey whil she forsake not myne #gfj estatut4 ,and wi ,rethorice com fore musice a damoisel of oure house at synge now lyter moedes or prolaciouns now heuyer4 pg #ca ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #i4 99what ayle e man4 what is it at ha cast e in to murnyng and in to wepyng4 #gfd ,i trowe at ou hast sen some newe ing and uncoue4 ,sidenote3 ,thou thinkest that ,fortune is changed towards thee4 ou wenest at fortune be chaunged aeins e ,sidenote3 ,but thou art deceived4 ,but ou wenest wrong4 yif ou at wene4 ,sidenote3 ,in this misadventure of thine she hath preserved her constancy in changing4 ,alwey o ben hire maners4 she ha raer kept as to #gfh e ward hire propre stablenes in e chaungyng of hyre self4 ,ryt swyche was she whan she flaterede e4 and desseiuede e wi vnleueful lykynges of false welefulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,you have seen the double face of this blind divinity4 ou hast now knowen and ataynt #ggb e doutous or double visage of ilke blynde goddesse fortune4 ,she at it couere hir and wymple hir to oer folk4 ha shewed hir euerydel to e4 if ou approuest hir and enkest at she is good4 vse #ggf hir maners and pleyne e nat4 ,sidenote3 ,if thou dost abhor her perfidy cast her off1 for her sports are dangerous4 ,and if ou agrisest hir false trecherie4 dispise and cast aweye hir at pleye so harmefully4 for she at is now cause of so myche sorwe to e4 sholde be to e cause of pees and #ghj of ioie4 she ha forsaken e forsoe4 e whiche at neuer man may be syker at she ne shal forsake hym4 ,glose4 ,but naeles some bookes han e text us4 ,for soe she ha forsaken e ne er nis no man #ghd syker at she ne ha not forsaken4 ,sidenote3 ,is that happiness which is so transient8 ,holdest ou an ilke welefulnesse preciouse to e at shal passen4 ,sidenote3 ,is the attendance of ,fortune so dear to thee1 whose stay is so uncertain1 and whose removal causes such grief8 and is present fortune derwori to e4 whiche at nis not feiful forto dwelle4 and whan she go aweye at #ghh she brynge a wyt in sorwe ,for syn she may nat be wiholden at a mans wille4 she make hym a wrecche when she departe fro hym4 ,sidenote3 ,what is she 7,fortune7 but the presage of future calamity8 ,what oer ing is flitting fortune but a manere shewyng of wrycchednesse pg #cb at is to comen4 ne it ne suffri nat oonly to loken #gic of ing at is present byforne e eyen of man4 but wisdom loke and mesure e ende of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,her mutability should make men neither fear her threats nor desire her favours4 and e same chaungyng from one to an oer4 at is to seyne #gif fro aduersite to prosperite make at e manaces of fortune ne ben not forto dreden4 ne e flatrynges of hir to ben desired4 us atte e last it byhoue e to suffren wi euene wille in pacience al at is don #hjj inwi e floor of fortune4 at is to seyne in is worlde4 ,linenotes3 #gbg she 7#b7--;,i #gbi myte seye--myhte seyn #gcj stynte--stynte #gcb hire--here #gcc knowe vtterly--knowen owtrely #gcd languissed--languyssest #gcg ha--,,ms4 hae #gch astat--estat felefolde--feelefold #gci colour--colours deceites 7,,ms4 decrites7--deceytes merueillous--meruayles #gdb ha--,,ms4 hae #gdc if--yif #gdf any 7,,ms4 my7--any ing--thinge #gdg trauaile--travaylen don--do remembren of--remenbre on #gdh and despysen--from ,c4 #gdi was--omitted #gej were--weren #gea myne--myn seyne--sayn #geb sudeyne--sodeyn #gec outen--owte #geg inne--in mow----weye--mowe maken way #geh strenger--strengere ,com nowe fure--,,ms4 ,come2 ,c4 ,com now forth #gfj go--,,ms4 goe #gfa com--,,ms4 come1 ,c4 com #gfb house--hows lyter--lyhtere #gfc prolaciouns--probasyons heuyer--heuyere ayle--eyleth #gfe trowe--trowe sen--,,ms4 sene1 ,c4 seyn some--som ing--thinge uncoue--vnkowth #gff aeins--ayein #gfg wenest--weenes at--,c4 that #gfh ha--,,ms4 hae kept--from ,c4 #gfi stablenes in e--stabylnesse standeth in the #ggj swyche--swich #gga vnleueful--vnlefful #gge ha--,,ms4 had1 ,c4 hat #ggf good--,,ms4 goode1 ,c4 god #ggg agrisest--,,ms4 agrised1 ,c4 agrysyst #ggh false--false #ghj myche--mochel #gha of--from ,c4 ha--,,ms4 hae #ghc text--texte #ghd ha--,,ms4 hae #ghe forsaken--forsake ,holdest ou--holdestow #ghf an--thanne preciouse--presyes #ghg derwori--dereworthe whiche--which #ghh feiful--feythfulle go--,,ms4 goe aweye--awey #gij mans--mannys #gia when--wan ing--thinge #gic suffri--suffiseth #gid of ing--on thynge byforne--,,ms4 byforne byforne man--a man #gie mesure--amesureth #gif from one--fram oon seyne--seyn #gig fro--from to--into #gii atte e last--at the laste ,headnote3 ,,philosophy ,,expostulates ,,with ,,boethius4 ,sidenote3 ,if you submit to her yoke you must patiently endure her inflictions4 ,syen ou hast oones put i nekke vnder e okke of hir4 for if ou wilt write a lawe of wendyng and of dwellyng to fortune whiche at ou hast chosen frely #hjd to be i lady ,sidenote3 ,impatience will only embitter your loss4 ,art ou nat wrongful in at and makest fortune wroe and aspere by in inpacience4 and it ou mayst not chaungen hir4 ,sidenote3 ,you cannot choose your port if you leave your vessel to the mercy of the winds4 ,yif ou committest and bitakest i sayles to e wynde4 ou shalt #hjh be shouen not ider at ou woldest737 but whider at e wynde shoue e ,yif ou castest i seedes in e feldes ou sholdest haue in mynde at e eres ben oer while plenteuous and oer while bareyne4 ,sidenote3 ,you have given yourself up to ,fortune2 it becomes you therefore to obey her commands4 ou #hab hast bytaken iself to e gouernaunce of fortune4 and fori it byhoue e to ben obeisaunt to e manere of i lady4 ,sidenote3 ,would you stop the rolling of her wheel8 and enforcest ou e to aresten or wistonden e swyftnesse and e sweyes of hir tournyng #haf whele4 ,sidenote3 ,fool6 if ,fortune once became stable she would cease to exist4 ,o ou fool of alle mortel fooles if fortune bygan to dwelle stable4 she cesede an to ben fortune4 ,linenotes3 #hja seyne--seyn worlde--world #hjb ,syen--,syn okke--yoke #hjc if--yif write--wryten #hjd whiche--which #hje lady--ladye ,art ou--,artow #hjf wroe--wroth in--thine #hjg chaungen--chaunge #hjh and--from ,c4 #hji ider--thedyr whider--whedyr #haa haue--han #had manere--maneres #hae and--omitted wistonden--withholden #haf sweyes--swey #hah cesede--cesede pg #cc ,headnote3 ,,the ,,inconstancy ,,of ,,fortune4 ,,hec ,,cum ,,superba4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrst metur4 ,sidenote3 ,fortune is as inconstant as the ebb and flow of ,euripus4 ,whan fortune wi a proude ryt hande ha turnid hir chaungyng stoundes she fare lyke e maners #hbj of e boillyng eurippe4 ,glose4 ,eurippe is an arme of e see at ebbith and flowi4 and somtyme e streme is on one syde and somtyme on at oer4 ,texte ,sidenote3 ,she hurls kings from their thrones1 and exalts the captive4 ,she cruel fortune kaste adoune kynges at somtyme weren #hbd ydred4 and she deceiuable enhaunseth vp e humble chere of hym at is discomfited4 ,sidenote3 ,she turns a deaf ear to the tears and cries of the wretched4 and she neyer here ne recche of wrecchede wepynges4 and she is so harde at she laue and scorne e wepyng of hem e whiche #hbh she ha maked wepe wi hir free wille4 ,sidenote3 ,thus she sports and boasts her power and presents a marvel to her servants if1 in the space of an hour1 a man is hurled from happiness into adversity4 us she pleye and us she preue hir strenge and shewe a grete wondre to alle hir seruaunt4 ,yif at a wyt is seyn weleful and ouerrowe in an houre4 #hcb ,linenotes3 #hai proude--prowd hande--hand ha--,,ms4 hae #hbj lyke--lik #hba arme--arm #hbb streme--strem #hbc one--o #hba adoune--adown somtyme--whilom #hbe ydred 7,,ms4 ydredde7--ydrad humble--vmble #hbg recche--rekke wrecchede--wrecchede harde--hard #hbh laue--lyssheth wepyng--wepynges #hcj strenge--strengthes ,headnote3 ,,prosperity ,,does ,,not ,,constitute ,,felicity4 ,,vellem ,,aute,m ,,pauca4 ,sidenote3 ,the secunde prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy expostulates with ,boethius in the name of ,fortune4 ,c,ertis ,i wolde plete wi ee a fewe inges vsynge e wordes of fortune tak heede now i self4 yif at she axe ryt4 ,sidenote3 ,why do you accuse me 7,fortune7 as guilty8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #i b4 99 ,o ou man wher fore makest ou me gilty by ine euerydayes pleynynges4 what wronges #hcf haue ,i don e4 ,sidenote3 ,what goods or advantages have ,i deprived you of8 what goodes haue ,i byreft e at weren ine4 stryf or plete wi me by fore what iuge at ou wilt of e possessioun of rycchesse or of dignites ,sidenote3 ,can you prove that ever any man had a fixed property in his riches8 ,and yif ou maist shewe me at euer any mortal man ha #hdj receyued any of ese inges to ben his in propre4 an wol ,i graunte frely at alle ilke inges weren ine whiche at ou axest4 ,sidenote3 ,you came naked into the world1 and ,i cherished you and encompassed you with affluence4 ,whan at nature broute e fore out of i moder wombe4 ,i receyuede e naked #hdd and nedy of al ing4 and ,i norysshede e wi my pg #cd rychesse4 and was redy and ententif oru my fauour to sustene e4 ,and at make e now inpacient aeins me4 and ,i envirounde e wi al e habundaunce and #hdh shinyng of al goodes at ben in my ryt4 ,sidenote3 ,now that ,i have a mind to withdraw my bounty1 be thankful and complain not4 ,now it lyke me to wi drawe myne hande4 ou hast had grace as he at ha vsed of foreyne goodes4 ou hast no ryt to pleyne e4 as ou ou haddest vtterly lorn alle i #heb inges4 whi pleynest ou an4 ,i haue don e no wrong4 ,sidenote3 ,riches and honours are subject to me4 ,ricches honoures and swyche oer inges ben of my ryt4 ,sidenote3 ,they are my servants1 and come and go with me4 ,my seruauntes knowen me for hir lady4 ei comen wi me and departen whan ,i wende4 ,i dar wel #hef affermen hardyly4 at yif o inges of whiche ou pleynest at ou hast forlorn hadde ben ine4 ou ne haddest not lorn hem4 ,sidenote3 ,shall ,i alone be forbidden to use my own right8 shal ,i an only be defended to vse my ryt4 ,sidenote3 ,doth not heaven give us sunny days and obscure the same with dark nights8 ,certis it is leueful to e heuene to #hfj make clere dayes4 and after at to keuere e same dayes wi derke nytes4 ,sidenote3 ,is not the earth covered with frost as well as with flowers8 e ere ha eke leue to apparaile e visage of e ere now with floures and now wi fruyt4 and to confounde hem somtyme wi raynes and #hfd wi coldes4 ,sidenote3 ,the sea sometimes appears calm1 and at other times terrifies us with its tempestuous waves4 e see ha eke hys ryt to be somtyme calme and blaundyshing wi smoe water4 and somtyme to be horrible wi wawes and wi tempestes4 ,sidenote3 ,shall ,i be bound to constancy by the covetousness of men8 ,but e couetyse of men at may not be staunched #hfh shal it bynde me to be stedfast4 syn at stedfastnesse is vnkou to my maneres4 ,swyche is my strenge4 ,sidenote3 ,i turn my rolling wheel and amuse myself with exalting what was low1 and bringing down what was high4 and is pley4 ,i pleye continuely4 ,i tourne e whirlyng whele wi e tournyng cercle ,i am glade to chaunge #hgb e lowest to e heyeste4 and e heyest to e loweste4 ,linenotes3 #hcc plete--pleten #hcd tak--,,ms4 take1 ,c4 tak #hce makest ou--makes thow #hcf wronges--wronge #hcg don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don byreft--,,ms4 byrefte1 ,c4 byreft #hch stryf--,,ms4 stryue1 ,c4 stryf plete--pleten by fore--by forn #hci wilt--wolt rycchesse--rychesses #hdj shewe--shewyn euer--euere ha--,,ms4 hae #hda ese--tho his--hise #hdb graunte--graunte alle--from ,c4 #hde al ing--alle thinges norysshede--noryssede #hdf rychesse--rychesses #hdh1 #hdi al--alle #hdh habundaunce--aboundaunce #hej wi----hande--withdrawen myn hand had--,,ms4 hadde1 ,c4 had #hea ha--,,ms4 hae #heb vtterly--outrely lorn--,,ms4 lorne1 ,c4 for lorn4 #hec don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #hed ,ricches--,rychesses #heh forlorn--,,ms4 forlorne1 ,c4 forlorn #hei lorn--,,ms4 lorne1 ,c4 lorn #hfj vse--vsen #hfa keuere e--coeueryn tho #hfb derke--dirk ere--yer ha--,,ms4 hae #hfd confounde--confownden #hfe ha--,,ms4 hae #hff calme--kalm #hfg 7#bnd7 wi--omitted #hfi stedfast--stidefast stedfastnesse--stidefastnesse #hgj vnkou--,,ms4 vnkoue1 ,c4 vnkowth ,swyche--,swych #hga pleye--pleye #hgb whele--wheel glade--glad chaunge--chaungyn pg #ce ,headnote3 ,,be ,,subject ,,to ,,fortune',s ,,changes4 ,sidenote3 ,ascend if you will1 but come down when my sport requires it4 wore vp yif ou wilt4 so it be by is lawe4 at ou ne holde not at ,i do e wronge ou ou descende doun whanne resoun of my pleye axe it4 ,sidenote3 ,know you not the history of ,crsus and of ,paulus milius8 ,wost ou #hgf not how ,cresus kyng of lyndens of whiche kyng ,cirus was ful sore agast a litel byforne at is rewlyche ,cresus was caut of ,cirus and lad to e fijr to be brent4 but at a reyne descendede doun from heuene #hhj at rescowede hym ,and is it out of i mynde how at ,paulus consul of ,rome whan he hadde take e kyng of perciens weep pitously for e captiuitee of e selfe kyng4 ,sidenote3 ,what else does the weeping muse of ,tragedy deplore but the overthrow of kingdoms by the indiscriminate strokes of ,fortune8 ,what oer inges bywaylen e criinges of #hhd ,tragedies4 but only e dedes of fortune4 at wi an vnwar stroke ouerturne e realmes of grete nobley ,glose4 ,tragedie is to seyne a dite of a prosperite for a tyme at endi in wrechednesse4 ,sidenote3 ,did you not learn whilst a youth1 that at the gates of ,jove's palace stand two vessels1 one full of blessings1 the other of woes8 ,lernedest nat ou #hhh in grek whan ou were onge at in e entre or in e seler of ,iuppiter er ben couched two tunnes4 at on is ful of good at oer is ful of harme4 ,sidenote3 ,what if you have drunk too deep of the first vessel8 ,what ryt hast ou to pleyne4 yif ou hast taken more plenteuously #hib of e goode syde at is to seyne of my rycchesse and prosperites4 and what eke4 yif ,i be nat departed fro e4 ,sidenote3 ,my mutability gives thee hope of happier days4 ,what eke4 yif my mutabilitee iue e rytful cause of hope to han it better inges4 ,sidenote3 ,desire not to be exempted from the vicissitudes of humanity4 ,naeles desmaie e #hif nat in i out4 and ou at art put in comune realme of alle3 ne desijre nat to lyue by ine oonly propre ryt4 ,linenotes3 #hgd wore--worth wilt--wolt #hgf doun--adoun whanne--wan pleye--pley ,wost ou--wistesthow #hgg kyng 7#a7--the kyng lyndens--lydyens #hgh byforne--byforn #hhj reyne descendede--rayn dessendede from--fro #hha rescowede--rescowede #hhb take--takyn #hhe an--a #hhf e--omitted #hhg seyne--seyn #hij tunnes--tonnes #hia harme--harm #hib hast ou--hasthow #hic seyne--seyn rycchesse--rychesses #hid ,i be nat--,i ne be nat al #hif better--betere #hih lyue--lyuen ine--thin ,headnote3 ,,the ,,covetous ,,are ,,ever ,,discontented4 ,,si ,q,,ua,,ntas ,,rapidis4 ,sidenote3 the secunde metur4 ,sidenote3 ,though ,plenty1 from her teeming horn1 poured down as many riches on the world as there are sands on the sea-shore1 or stars in heaven1 mankind would not cease to complain4 ,ou plentee at is goddesse of rycches hielde adoun wi ful horn4 and widrawe nat hir hand4 ,as #ijj many recches as e see turne vpwardes sandes whan it is moeued wi rauysshing blastes4 or ellys as many pg #cf rycches as er shynen bryte sterres on heuene on e sterry nyt4 it for al at mankynde nolde not cesce to #ijd wope wrecchede pleyntes4 ,sidenote3 ,though ,heaven may grant every desire1 they will still cry for more4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #aj4 ,and al be it so 99at god receyue gladly her prayers and eue hem as ful large muche golde and apparaile coueytous folk wi noble or clere honours4 it seme hem haue ,i-gete noing4 #ijh but alwey her cruel ravyne deuourynge al at ei han geten shewi oer gapinges4 at is to seye gapen and desiren it after moo rycchesse4 ,sidenote3 ,what rein can restrain unbounded avarice8 ,what brideles myten wiholde to any certeyne ende e desordene #iab coueitise of men ,whan euere e raer at it fleti in large iftis3 e more ay brenne in hem e rest of hauyng4 ,sidenote3 ,he who thinks himself poor1 though he be rich1 doth truly labour under poverty4 ,certis he at quakyng and dredeful wene hym seluen nedy4 he ne lyue neuere mo ryche4 #iaf ,linenotes3 #hii rycches--rychesses #ija recches--rychesses vpwardes--vpward #ijb rauysshing--rauyssynge #ijc rycches--rychesses bryte--bryhte on 7#a7--;in #ijd nyt--nyhtes #ije wope wrecchede--wepe wrecchede #ijf her--hir ful--fool #ijg muche--meche folk--men #ijh haue--hauen ,i-gete--,i-getyn #iji her--hir #iaj seye--seyn #iaa rycchesse--rychesses #iab wiholde--wytholden certeyne--certeyn #iad rest--thurst #iae dredeful--dredful #iaf lyue--leueth ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,is ,,not ,,unhappy4 ,,hiis ,,igitur ,,si ,,pro ,,se4 ,sidenote3 ,the thrydde prose4 ,sidenote3 ,if ,fortune spake thus to you1 you could not defend your complaint4 erfore yif at fortune spake wi e for hir self in is manere4 ,for soe ou ne haddest nat what ou mytest answere4 and if ou hast any ing wherwi4 ou mayist rytfully tellen i compleynt4 ,it #ibj byhoue e to shewen it4 and 4,i4 wol eue e space to tellen it4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what you have said is very specious1 but such discourses are only sweet while they strike our ears4 ,certeynely quod ,i an ise ben faire inges and enoyntid wi hony swetnesse of rethorike and musike4 and only while ei ben herd ei ben #ibd deliciouse4 ,sidenote3 ,they cannot efface the deep impressions that misery has made in the heart4 ,but to wrecches is a deppere felyng of harme4 is is to seyn at wrecches felen e harmes at ei suffren more greuously an e remedies or e delites of ise wordes mowe gladen or comforten hem4 so at #ibh whan ise inges stynten forto soune in eres4 e sorwe pg #cg at is inset greue e out4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,so it is indeed2 for my arguments are not designed as remedies1 but as lenitives only4 ,ryt so is it quod she4 ,for ise ne ben it none remedies of i maladie4 but ei ben a manere norissinges of i sorwe it rebel #icb aeyne i curacioun4 ,sidenote3 ,when time serves1 ,i will administer those things that shall reach the seat of your disease4 ,for whan at tyme is4 ,i shal moue swiche inges at percen hem self depe4 ,sidenote3 ,but you are not among the number of the wretched4 ,but naeles at ou shalt not wilne to leten i self a wrecche4 ,hast ou foreten e noumbre and e #icf manere of i welefulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,i shall not speak of your happiness in being provided for 7in your orphanage7 by the chief men of the city2 nor of your noble alliance with ,festus and ,symmachus2 ,i holde me stille how at e souerayn men of e ,citee token e in cure and kepynge whan ou were orphelyn of fadir and modir4 and were chosen in affinite of princes of e ,citee4 #idj ,and ou bygunne raer to ben leef and deere an forto ben a neybour4 e whiche ing is e most preciouse kynde of any propinquitee or aliaunce at may ben4 ,who is it at ne seide ou nere ryt weleful #idd wi so grete a nobley of i fadres in lawe4 ,sidenote3 nor of your virtuous wife1 and manly sons4 ,and wi e chastite of i wijf4 and wi e oportunite and noblesse of i masculyn children4 at is to seyne i sones and ouer al is me lyst to passe of comune inges4 #idh ,how ou haddest in i out dignitees at weren warned to olde men4 but it delite me to comen now to e singuler vphepyng of i welefulnesse4 ,yif any fruyt of mortal inges may han any weyte or price of #ieb welefulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,can you ever forget the memorable day that saw your two sons invested with the dignity of ,consuls8 ,mytest ou euere foreten for any charge of harme at myte byfallen4 e remembraunce of ilke day at ou seye i two sones maked conseillers4 and ylad to gidre from in house vndir so gret #ief assemble of senatours4 and vndir e blyenesse of poeple4 and whan ou saye hem sette in e court in her chaieres of dignites4 ou rethorien or pronouncere pg #ch of kynges preysinges4 deseruedest glorie of wit and of #ifj eloquence4 ,sidenote3 ,when in the circus you satisfied the expectant multitude with a triumphal largess8 whan ou sittyng bytwix i two sones conseillers in e place at hyt ,circo4 and fulfildest e abydyng of multitude of poeple at was sprad about e wi large praysynge and laude as men syngen in victories4 #ifd ,sidenote3 ,by your expressions you flattered ,fortune1 and obtained from her a gift which never before fell to any private person4 o aue ou wordes of fortune as ,i trowe4 at is to seyne4 o feffedest ou fortune wi glosynge wordes and desseiuedest hir4 whan she accoiede e and norsshede e as hir owen delices4 ou hast #ifh had of fortune a ifte at is to seyn swiche gerdoun at she neuere af to preue man ,sidenote3 ,will you therefore call ,fortune to account8 ,wilt ou erfore leye a rekenyng wi fortune4 ,sidenote3 ,she now begins1 ,i own1 to look unkindly on you2 but if you consider the number of your blessings1 you must confess that you are still happy4 she ha now twynkeled first vpon e wi a wykked eye4 ,yif ou considere #igb e noumbre and e manere of i blysses4 and of i sorwes4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #aj b4 99ou maist nat forsake at ou nart it blysful4 ,linenotes3 #iah nat--from ,c4 #iai if--yif #ibj mayist--mayst tellen--defendyn #iba eue--yeuyn #ibb an--thanne ben--bet 7 beth7 #ibc swetnesse--swetenesse #ibd while--whil herd--,,ms4 herde #ibf harme--harm #ibh mowe--mowen #ibi soune-sowne #icj inset--,,ms4 insette1 ,c4 inset #icb sorwe--sorwes #icc aeyne--ayein #icd moue swiche--moeue swych #ich souerayn--souerane #idc neybour--neysshebour #idd nere--were #ide nobley--nobleye fadres--fadyr-is #idg seyne--seyn #idh lyst--lyste passe of--passen the #idi out--yowthe #iej warned--werned #ieb fruyt--frute price--pris #iec ,mytest ow--myhtes-thow #ied harme--harm myte byfallen--myhte befalle #iee seye--saye #ief from--fro gret--,,ms4 grete1 ,c4 gret #ieh saye--saye sette--set her--heere #ifa bytwix--bytwyen #ifb hyt--hihte #ifc of 7#a7--of the about--abowten #ifd wi--with so #ife aue--,,ms4 an1 ,c4 yaue of--to #iff seyne--seyn #ifg accoiede--acoyede #ifh norsshede--noryssede owen--owne ou----of--thow bar away of #ifi had--,,ms4 hadde swiche--swich #igj preue--pryue #iga leye--lye ha--,,ms4 hae #igb wykked--wyckede #igc blysses--blysse #igd forsake--forsakyn nart--art blysful--blysseful ,headnote3 ,,adversity ,,is ,,but ,,transient4 ,sidenote3 ,these evils that you suffer are but transitory4 ,for if ou erfore wenest i self nat weleful for inges at o semeden ioyful ben passed4 er nis nat whi #igf ou sholdest wene i self a wrecche4 for inges at now semen soory passen also4 ,art ou now comen firste a sodeyne gest in to e shadowe or tabernacle of is lijf4 ,sidenote3 ,can there be any stability in human affairs1 when the life of man is exposed to dissolution every hour8 or trowest ou at any stedfastnesse be in mannis #ihj inges4 ,whan ofte a swifte houre dissolue e same man4 at is to seyne whan e soule departi fro e body4 ,for al ou at yelde is er any fei at fortunous inges willen dwelle4 ,sidenote3 ,the last day of life puts an end to ,prosperity4 it naeles e laste day #ihd of a mannis lijf is a manere dee to fortune4 and also to ilke at ha dwelt4 ,sidenote3 ,what matters it then1 whether you by death leave it1 or it 7,fortune7 by flight doth leave you8 and erfore what wenist ou ar recche yif ou forlete hir in deynge or ellys at she fortune forlete e in fleenge awey4 #ihh ,linenotes3 #igh soory--sorye firste--fyrst #igi sodeyne--sodeyn shadowe--shadwe #ihj stedfastnesse--stedefastnesse #iha swifte--swyft dissolue--dyssoluede #ihc al ou at--al at thowgh fortunous--fortune #ihd willen dwelle--wolen dwellyn laste--laste #ihf ha--,,ms4 hae wenist ou--weenestow #ihg ar recche--dar recke #ihh awey--away pg #ci ,headnote3 ,,many ,,blessings ,,still ,,remain4 ,,cum ,,primo ,,polo4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4iij4 ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,the stars pale before the light of the rising sun4 ,whan phebus e sonne bygynne to spreden his clerenesse with rosene chariettes4 an e sterre ydimmyd pale hir white cheres4 by e flamus of e sonne at ouer come e sterre lyt4 is is to seyn whan e #iib sonne is risen e day sterre wexi pale and lesi hir lyt for e grete brytnesse of e sonne4 ,sidenote3 ,westerly winds deck the wood with roses1 but easterly winds cause their beauty to fade4 ,whan e wode wexe redy of rosene floures in e first somer sesoun oru e bree of e wynde ,zephirus at wexe #iif warme4 ,yif e cloudy wynde auster blowe felliche4 an go awey e fayrnesse of ornes4 ,sidenote3 ,now the sea is calm1 and again it is tempestuous4 ,ofte e see is clere and calme wioute moeuyng floodes4 ,and ofte e horrible wynde aquilon moeue boylyng tempestes #ajjj and ouer whelwe e see4 ,sidenote3 ,if all things thus vary1 will you trust in transitory riches8 ,yif e forme of is worlde is so eelde stable4 and yif it tourni by so many entrechaungynges4 wilt ou an trusten in e trublynge fortunes of men4 wilt ou trowen in flittyng goodes4 #ajjd ,sidenote3 ,all here below is unstedfast and unstable4 ,it is certeyne and establissed by lawe perdurable at no ing at is engendred nys stedfast no stable4 ,linenotes3 #ihi his--hyr #iij an--thanne #iia flamus--flambes #iie redy--rody rosene--rosyn #iig warme--warm #iih go--,,ms4 goe1 ,c4 goth fayrnesse--fayrenesse #iii clere--cleer calme--kalm #ajjj wynde--wynd #ajja whelwe--welueeth #ajjb eelde--from ,c4 #ajjc1 #ajjd wilt ou--wolthow #ajjc an--thanne trublynge--towmblynge #ajjd in flittyng--on flettynge #ajje ,it is--is it #ajjf no--ne stable--estable ,headnote3 ,,much ,,to ,,be ,,thankful ,,for4 ,,tunc ,,ego ,,uera ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i cannot deny my sudden and early prosperity4 ,anne seide ,i us4 ,o norice of alle uertues ou seist ful soe4 ,ne ,i may nat forsake e ryte #ajjh swifte cours of my prosperitee4 at is to seine4 at prosperitee ne be comen to me wondir swiftly and soone4 but is is a ing at gretly smerti me whan it remembre me4 ,sidenote3 ,it is the remembrance of former happiness that adds most to man's infelicity4 ,for in alle aduersitees of fortune e #ajab most vnsely kynde of contrariouse fortune is to han ben weleful4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,recollect that you have yet much affluence4 ,but at ou quod she abaist us e tourment of i false opinioun at maist ou not rytfully blamen ne aretten to inges4 as who sei for ou pg #dj hast itte many habundaunces of inges4 ,textus4 #ajag ,for al be it so at e ydel name of auenterouse welefulnesse moeue e now4 it is leueful at ou rekene with me of how manye inges ou hast it plentee4 #ajbj ,sidenote3 ,what you esteemed most precious in your happy days1 you still retain1 and ought therefore not to complain4 ,and erfore yif at ilke ing at ou haddest for most precious in alle i rycchesse of fortune be kept to e by e grace of god vnwemmed and vndefouled4 ,mayst ou an pleyne rytfully vpon e myschief of fortune4 #ajbd syn ou hast it i beste inges4 ,certys it lyue in goode poynt ilke precious honour of mankynde4 ,sidenote3 ,symmachus1 dear to you as life1 is safe and in health4 ,symacus i wyues fadir whiche at is a man maked al of sapience and of vertue4 e whiche #ajbh man ou woldest bien redely wi e pris of in owen lijf4 he byweyle e wronges at men don to ee4 and not for hym self4 for he liue in sykernesse of any sentence put aeins him4 ,sidenote3 ,your wife ,rusticiana is also alive1 and bewails her separation from you4 ,and it lyue i wif at #ajcb is attempre of witte and passyng oer women in clennes of chastitee4 and for ,i wol closen shortly her bountes she is lyke to hir fadir4 ,i telle e welle at she lyue loo of hir life4 and kepi to ee oonly hir goost4 and #ajcf is al maat and ouer-comen by wepyng and sorwe for desire of e ,in e whiche ing only ,i mot graunten at i welefulnesse is amenused4 ,sidenote3 ,why need ,i mention your two sons1 in whom so much of the wit and spirit of their sire and grandsire doth shine8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #aa4 ,what shal ,i seyn eke of i two sones conseillours of whiche as of children #ajdj of hir age er shine 99e lyknesse of e witte of hir fadir and of hir eldefadir4 ,sidenote3 ,and since it is the chief care of man to preserve life2 you are still most happy in the possession of blessings which all men value more than life4 and sien e souereyn cure of alle mortel folke is to sauen hir owen lyues4 ,linenotes3 #ajjh soe--soth ,ne ,i may--,ne ,i ne may #ajji seine--seyn #ajaa a--omitted gretly--gretely #ajab aduersitees--aduersyte #ajac most--mooste #ajad abaist--abyest #ajae tourment--torment false--false #ajaf sei--,,ms4 seie1 ,c4 seyh #ajag itte--yit #ajai leueful--leefful #ajbj manye inges--manye grete thinges #ajbb alle--al #ajbc e by--the yit by #ajbd myschief--meschef #ajbe beste--beste #ajbf lyue--leueth goode--good #ajbg whiche--which #ajbh al--alle of 7#b7--omitted #ajbi bien--byen owen--owne #ajcj byweyle--bewayleth don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #ajca liue--leueth #ajcc witte--wyt women--wymmen #ajcd shortly--shortely #ajce lyke--lik welle--wel #ajcf hir life--this lyf #ajcg maat--maad #ajch whiche--weche #ajci amenused--amenyssed seyn--7,,ms4 seyne7 seyn #ajda lyknesse--lykenesse witte--wyt #ajdb and 7#a7--or eldefadir--eldyr fadyr sien--syn #ajdc folke--folk ,headnote3 ,,the ,,condition ,,of ,,human ,,bliss4 ,o how weleful art ou ou ou knowe i goodes4 #ajdd ,but itte ben er inges dwellyng to e wardes at no pg #da man doute at ei ne ben more derwore to e en ine owen lijf4 ,sidenote3 ,dry up thy tears1 thou hast still present comfort and hope of future felicity4 ,and fori drie i teres for itte nys nat eueriche fortune al hateful to e warde4 ne ouer #ajdh greet tempest ha nat it fallen vpon e4 whan at in ancres cliue faste at neier wole suffre e comfort of is tyme present4 ne e hope of tyme comynge to passen ne to fallen4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i hope these will never fail me4 ,and ,i preie quod ,i at faste moten #ajeb ei holden4 ,for whiles at ei halden4 how so euere at inges ben4 ,i shal wel fleten fure and eschapen4 ,sidenote3 ,but do you not see how low ,i am fallen8 ,but ou mayst wel seen how greete apparailes and aray at me lakke at ben passed awey fro me4 #ajef ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i should think that ,i had made progress if you did not repine so at your fate4 ,i haue sumwhat auaunced and forered e quod she4 if at ou anoie nat or forenke nat of al i fortune4 ,as who sei4 ,i haue somwhat comforted e so at ou tempest nat e us wi al i fortune4 syn ou hast #ajfj it i beste inges4 ,sidenote3 ,it grieves me to hear you complain while you possess so many comforts4 ,but ,i may nat suffre in delices4 at pleinst so wepyng4 and anguissous for at oer lakke somwhat to i welefulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,every one1 however happy1 has something to complain of4 ,for what man is so sad or of so perfit welefulnesse4 at he ne #ajfd stryue or pleyne on some half aeine e qualitee of his estat4 ,sidenote3 ,the condition of human enjoyment is anxious2 for either it comes not all at once1 or makes no long stay when it does come4 ,for whi ful anguissous ing is e condicioun of mans goodes4 ,for eyer it come al to gidre to a wyt4 or ellys it laste not perpetuely4 #ajfh ,linenotes3 #ajdd art ou ou--arthow yif #ajde ,but itte--for yit dwellyng--dwellyd wardes--ward #ajdf at--than derwore--dereworthe en ine--than thin #ajdg itte--yit #ajdi ha--,,ms4 hae in--thyne #ajej cliue faste--cleuen faste wole suffre--wolen suffren #ajeb fallen--faylen faste moten--faste moten #ajec holden--halden #ajed fure--forth #ajee mayst--mayste greete--grete #ajeh forenke--forthinke #ajfa beste--beste suffre in--suffren thi #ajfc oer--ther #ajfd perfit--parfyt #ajfe or--and some half aeine--som halue ayen #ajfg mans--mannes come al--comth nat al #ajfh laste--last perpetuely--perpetuel ,headnote3 ,,happiness ,,arises ,,from ,,contentment4 ,sidenote3 ,one man is very wealthy1 but his birth is obscure4 ,for som man ha grete rycchesse4 but he is asshamed of hys vngentil lynage4 ,sidenote3 ,another is conspicuous for nobility of descent1 but is surrounded by indigence4 and som man is renomed of noblesse of kynrede4 but he is enclosed in so grete angre for nede of inges4 at hym were leuer at #ajgb he were vnknowe4 ,sidenote3 ,a third is blest with both advantages1 but is unmarried4 and som man habunde boe in rychesse and noblesse4 but it he bywaile hys chaste lijf4 for he ha no wijf4 pg #db ,sidenote3 ,this man is happy in a wife1 but is childless1 while that other man has the joy of children1 but is mortified by their evil ways4 and som man is wel and selily maried but he ha no children4 and norisshe his #ajgf ricchesse to e heires of straunge folk4 ,and som man is gladded wi children4 but he wepi ful sory for e trespas of his son or of his doutir4 ,sidenote3 ,thus we see that no man can agree easily with the state of his fortune4 and for is er accorde no wyt lytly to e condicioun of his fortune4 #ajhj for alwey to euery man ere is in mest somwhat at vnassaie he ne wot not or ellys he dredi at he ha assaied4 ,sidenote3 ,the senses of the happy are refined and delicate1 and they are impatient if anything is untoward4 ,and adde is also at euery weleful man ha a wel delicat felyng4 ,so at but yif alle #ajhd inges fallen at hys owen wille for he inpacient or is nat vsed to han none aduersitee4 an-oone he is rowe adone for euery lytel ing4 ,sidenote3 ,the happiness of the most fortunate depends on trifles4 ,and ful lytel inges ben o at widrawen e somme or e perfeccioun of #ajhh blisfulnesse fro hem at ben most fortunat4 ,sidenote3 ,how many would think themselves in heaven if they had only a part of the remnant of thy fortune6 ,how many men trowest ou wolde demen hem self to ben almost in heuene yif ei myten atteyne to e leeste partie of e remenaunt of i fortune4 is same place #ajib at ou clepist exil is contre to hem at enhabiten here4 ,sidenote3 ,thy miseries proceed from the thought that thou art miserable4 and fori4 ,noing wrecched4 but whan ou wenest it ,sidenote3 ,every lot may be happy to the man who bears his condition with equanimity and courage4 ,as who sei4 ou i self ne no wyt ellys nys no wrecche but whan he wene hym self a #ajif wrecche by reputacioun of his corage4 ,linenotes3 #ajfi rycchesse--,rychesses #ajgj renomed--renowned #ajgb angre for--,angwysshe of leuer--leuere #ajgd chaste--caste #ajge1 #ajgf ha--,,ms4 hae #ajgf maried--ymaryed his--hise #ajgg ricchesse--,rychesses heires--eyres folk--foolkys #ajhj er--er ne #ajha mest--omitted #ajhb vnassaie--vnassaied wot--,,ms4 wote1 ,c4 wot #ajhc1 #ajhd ha--,,ms4 hae #ajhd wel--ful #ajhe fallen--byfalle wille--wyl #ajhf none--non an-oone--,anon rowe--throwen #ajhg adone--adoun #ajij wolde--wolden #ajie it--hyt who--ho #ajif no--a ,headnote3 ,,the ,,source ,,of ,,true ,,happiness4 ,,contraq,,ue4 ,sidenote3 ,when patience is lost then a change of state is desired4 ,and aeinewarde al fortune is blisful to a man by e agreablete or by e egalite of hym at suffre it4 ,what man is at4 at is so weleful at nolde chaungen #aajj his estat whan he ha lorn pacience4 e swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is yspranid wi manye bitternesses4 e whiche welefulnesse al ou it seme swete and pg #dc ioyeful to hym at vse it4 it may it not be wi-holden #aajd at it ne go away whan it wol4 ,sidenote3 ,how much is human felicity embittered6 an is it wel sen how wrecched is e blisfulnesse of mortel inges4 ,sidenote3 ,it will not stay with those that endure their lot with equanimity1 nor bring comfort to anxious minds4 at neier it dwelli perpetuel wi hem at euery fortune receyuen agreablely or egaly4 ,ne it ne delite not in #aajh al4 to hem at ben anguissous4 ,sidenote3 ,why then1 ,o mortals1 do ye seek abroad for that felicity which is to be found within yourselves8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #aa b4 ,o ye mortel folkes what seke 99e an blisfulnesse oute of oure self4 whiche at is put in oure self4 ,errour and folie confounde ow ,i shal shewe e shortly4 e poynt of souereyne #aaab blisfulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,nothing is more precious than thyself4 ,is er any ing to e more preciouse an i self ou wilt answere nay4 ,sidenote3 ,if thou hast command over thyself1 ,fortune cannot deprive thee of it4 an if it so be at ou art myty ouer i self at is to seyn by tranquillitee of i soule4 an hast ou ing in i power at ou #aaaf noldest neuer lesen4 ne fortune may nat by-nyme it e4 ,sidenote3 ,happiness does not consist in things transitory4 and at ou mayst knowe at blisfulnesse ne may nat standen in inges at ben fortunous and temperel4 ,sidenote3 ,if happiness be the supreme good of nature1 then that thing cannot be it which can be withdrawn from us4 ,now vndirstonde and gadir it to gidir us #aabj yif blisfulnesse be e souereyne goode of nature at liue by resoun ,ne ilke ing nis nat souereyne goode at may be taken awey in any wyse4 for more wori ing and more digne is ilke ing at may nat be #aabd taken awey4 ,sidenote3 ,instability of fortune is not susceptive of true happiness4 an shewi it wele at e vnstablenesse of fortune may nat attayne to receyue verray blisfulnes4 ,and it more ouer4 ,sidenote3 ,he who is led by fading felicity1 either knows that it is changeable or does not know it4 ,what man at is toumblyng welefulnesse leedi4 eier he woot at #aabh it is chaungeable4 or ellis he woot it nat4 ,sidenote3 ,if he knows it not1 what happiness has he in the blindness of his ignorance8 ,and yif he woot it not4 what blisful fortune may er be in e blyndenesse of ignoraunce4 and yif he woot at it is chaungeable4 he mot alwey ben adrad at he ne lese #aacb at ing4 at he ne doute nat but at he may leesen it4 ,linenotes3 #ajih aeinewarde al--ayeinward alle #ajii it--hyt #aaja whan--what ha--,,ms4 hae lorn--,,ms4 lorne1 ,c4 lost #aajb yspranid--spraynyd bitternesses--beternesses #aajd hym--hem it--hyt be--ben #aaje go--,,ms4 gee wol--woole sen--,,ms4 sene #aajg dwelli--dureth #aaji folkes--folke #aaaj oute--owt #aaab shortly--shortely #aaad wilt--,,ms4 wilte1 ,c4 wolt if--yif #aaag by-nyme--be-neme #aaah blisfulnesse ne--blyssefulnesse ne #aabj to gidir--to gidere #aaba1 #aabb souereyne goode--souereyn good #aabe wele--wel #aabf receyue--resseyuen #aabi it--from ,c4 it--hyt #aacj be--ben #aaca blyndenesse--blyndnesse pg #dd ,headnote3 ,,riches ,,do ,,not ,,constitute ,,happiness4 ,sidenote3 ,if he knows it is fleeting he must be afraid of losing it1 and this fear will not suffer him to be happy4 ,as whoo sei he mot ben alwey agast lest he leese at he wot wel he may leese4 ,for whiche e continuel drede at he ha ne suffri hym nat to ben #aacf weleful4 ,or ellys yif he leese it he wene to be dispised and forleten hit4 ,certis eke at is a ful lytel goode at is born wi euene herte whan it is loost4 at is to seyne at men don no more force4 #aadj of e lost an of e hauynge4 ,sidenote3 ,since thou art convinced of the soul's immortality1 thou canst not doubt that if death puts an end to human felicity1 that all men when they die1 are plunged into the depths of misery4 ,and for as myche as ou i self art he to whom it ha ben shewid and proued by ful manye demonstraciouns4 as ,i woot wel at e soules of men ne mowen nat dien in no wise4 and eke #aadd syn it is clere4 and certeyne at fortunous welefulnesse endi by e dee of e body4 ,it may nat ben douted at yif at dee may take awey blysfulnesse at al e kynde of mortal ingus ne descendi in to wrecchednesse #aadh by e ende of e dee4 ,sidenote3 ,but we know that many have sought to obtain felicity1 by undergoing not only death1 but pains and torments4 ,and syn we knowen wel at many a man ha sout e fruit of blisfulnesse nat only wi suffryng of dee4 but eke wi suffryng of peynes and tourmentes4 ,sidenote3 ,how then can this present life make men truly happy1 since when it is ended they do not become miserable8 how myte an is present #aaeb lijf make men blisful4 syn at whanne ilke selfe lijf is endid4 it ne make folk no wrecches4 ,linenotes3 #aacd it--hyt sei--,,ms4 seie1 ,c4 seyth #aace wot--,,ms4 wote1 ,c4 wot leese 7#b7--leese it whiche--which #aacf ha--,,ms4 hae #aacg ellys--omitted wene--weneth #aach hit--omitted #aaci goode--good born--,,ms4 borne1 ,c4 born herte--herte #aadj seyne--seyn don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 do force--fors #aadb ha--,,ms4 hae #aadc manye--manye #aadd mowen--mowe dien--deyen #aade clere--cleer certeyne--certeyn #aadg al--alle #aaej ha--,,ms4 hae fruit--frut #aaeb myte--myhte #aaec make--maken selfe--selue ,headnote3 ,,riches ,,have ,,no ,,intrinsic ,,value4 ,,quisquis ,,uolet#b ,p,,er,,hennem ,,cautus4 ,footnote #b3 ,,ms4 ualet4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe metur4 ,sidenote3 ,he who would have a stable and lasting seat must not build upon lofty hills2 nor upon the sands1 if he would escape the violence of winds and waves4 ,what maner man stable and war at wil founden hym a perdurable sete and ne wil not be cast doune #aaef wi e loude blastes of e wynde ,eurus4 and wil dispise e see manassynge wi floodes ,lat hym eschewe to bilde on e cop of e mountayngne4 or in e moyste sandes4 ,for e felle wynde auster tourmente e cop #aafj of e mountayngne wi alle his strenges4 and e lowe see sandes refuse to beren e heuy weyte4 pg #de ,sidenote3 ,if thou wilt flee perilous fortune1 lay thy foundation upon the firmer stone1 so that thou mayst grow old in thy stronghold4 and fori yif ou wolt flee e perilous auenture at is to seine of e worlde ,haue mynde certeynly to ficchyn #aafd i house of a myrie site in a lowe stoone4 ,for al ou e wynde troublyng e see ondre wi ouererowynges ou at art put in quiete and welful by strenge of i palys shalt leden a cleer age4 scornyng #aafh e wodenesses and e ,ires of e eir4 ,linenotes3 #aaee1 #aaef1 #aaeg wil--wole #aaef be cast--,,ms4 be caste1 ,c4 ben cast #aaeg wynde--wynd #aaeh eschewe--eschewen #aafj felle--felle #aafa his--hise #aafb lowe--lavse see--omitted refuse--refusen weyte--wyhte #aafc flee--fleen #aafd seine--seyn #aafe i--thin lowe stoone--lowh stoon #aafg welful--weleful #aafi wodenesses--woodnesses ,headnote3 ,,glory ,,not ,,in ,,riches2 ,,they ,,add ,,nothing ,,to ,,virtue4 ,,set ,,cum ,,racionu,m ,,iam ,,in ,,te4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,it is now time to use stronger medicines1 since lighter remedies have taken effect4 ,but for as moche as e noryssinges of my resouns descenden now in to e4 ,i trowe it were tyme to vsen a litel strenger medicynes4 ,sidenote3 ,what is there in the gifts of ,fortune that is not vile and despicable8 ,now vndirstonde #aagb here al were it so at e iftis of fortune nare nat brutel ne transitorie4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ab4 what is er in hem at may be ine 99in any tyme4 or ellis at it nys foule if at it be considered and lokid perfitely4 ,sidenote3 ,are riches precious in themselves1 or in men's estimation8 ,richesse ben ei #aagf preciouse by e nature of hem self4 or ellys by e nature of e4 ,sidenote3 ,what is most precious in them1 quantity or quality8 ,what is most wori of rycchesse4 is it nat golde or myt of moneye assembled4 ,sidenote3 ,bounty is more glorious than niggardliness4 ,certis ilke golde and ilke moneye shine and eue better #aahj renoun to hem at dispenden it4 en to ilke folke at mokeren it4 ,sidenote3 ,avarice is always hateful1 while liberality is praise-worthy4 ,for auarice make alwey mokeres to be hated4 and largesse make folke clere of renoun ,for syn at swiche ing as is transfered from o #aahd man to an oer ne may nat dwellen wi no man4 ,sidenote3 ,money cannot be more precious than when it is dispensed liberally to others4 ,certis an is ilke moneye precious4 whan it is translated in to oer folk4 and stynte to ben had by vsage of large euyng of hym at ha euen it4 #aahh ,sidenote3 ,if one man's coffers contained all the money in the world1 every one else would be in want of it4 and also yif al e moneye at is ouer-al in e world were gadered toward o man4 it sholde maken al oer men pg #df to ben nedy as of at4 ,and certys a voys al hool at is to seyn wi-oute amenusynge fulfille to gyder #aaib e heryng of myche folke4 ,sidenote3 ,riches cannot be dispensed without diminution4 but ,certys oure rycchesse ne mowen nat passen vnto myche folk wi-oute amenussyng ,and whan ei ben apassed4 nedys ei maken hem pore at forgon e rycchesses4 ,sidenote3 ,o the poverty of riches1 that cannot be enjoyed by many at the same time1 nor can be possessed by one without impoverishing others6 ,o streite and #aaif nedy clepe ,i ise rycchesses4 syn at many folke ne may nat han it al4 ne al may it nat comen to on man wi-oute pouerte of al oer folke4 ,and e shynynge of gemmes at ,i clepe preciouse stones4 drawe it nat #abjj e eyen of folk in to hem warde4 at is to seyne for e beaute4 ,sidenote3 ,the beauty of precious stones consists only in their brightness1 wherefore ,i marvel that men admire that which is motionless1 lifeless1 and irrational4 ,for certys yif er were beaute or bounte in shynyng of stones4 ilke clerenesse is of e stones hem self4 and nat of men4 ,for whiche ,i wondre #abjd gretly at men merueilen on swiche inges4 ,for whi what ing is it at yif it wante moeuyng and ioynture of soule and body at by ryt myte semen a faire creature to hym at ha a soule of resoun4 #abjh ,sidenote3 ,precious stones are indeed the workmanship of the ,creator1 but their beauty is infinitely below the excellency of man's nature4 ,for al be it so at gemmes drawen to hem self a litel of e laste beaute of e worlde4 oru e entent of hir creatour and oru e distinccioun of hem self4 it for as myche as ei ben put vndir oure excellence4 #abab ei han not desserued by no weye at e shullen merueylen on hem4 ,sidenote3 ,doth the beauty of the field delight thee8 ,and e beaute of feeldes delite it nat mychel vnto ow4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,why should it not8 for it is a beautiful part of a beautiful whole4 ,boyce4 ,whi sholde it nat deliten vs4 syn at it is a ryt fayr porcioun of e ryt #abaf fair werk4 at is to seyn of is worlde4 ,sidenote3 ,hence1 we admire the face of the sea1 the heavens1 as well as the sun1 moon1 and stars4 ,and ryt so ben we gladed somtyme of e face of e see whan it is clere4 ,and also merueylen we on e heuene and on e sterres4 and on e sonne4 and on e mone4 pg #dg ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do these things concern thee8 darest thou glory in them8 ,philosophie4 ,apperteine quod she any of ilke #abba inges to e4 whi darst ou glorifie e in e shynynge of any swiche inges4 ,sidenote3 ,do the flowers adorn you with their variety8 ,art ou distingwed and embelised by e spryngyng floures of e first somer #abbd sesoun4 or swelli i plente in fruytes of somer4 whi art ou rauyshed wi ydel ioies4 ,sidenote3 ,why embracest thou things wherein thou hast no property8 why enbracest ou straunge goodes as ei weren ine4 ,sidenote3 ,fortune can never make that thine which the nature of things forbids to be so4 ,fortune shal neuer maken at swiche inges ben ine at nature of inges #abbh maked foreyne fro e4 ,sidenote3 ,the fruits of the earth are designed for the support of beasts4 ,syche is at wi-outen doute e fruytes of e ere owen to ben on e norssinge of bestes4 ,sidenote3 ,if you seek only the necessities of nature1 the affluence of ,fortune will be useless4 ,and if ou wilt fulfille i nede after at it suffise to nature an is it no nede #abcb at ou seke after e superfluite of fortune4 ,sidenote3 ,nature is content with a little1 and superfluity will be both disagreeable and hurtful4 ,for wi ful fewe inges and with ful lytel ing nature halt hire appaied4 and yif ou wilt achoken e fulfillyng of nature wi superfluites ,certys ilke #abcf inges at ou wilt resten or pouren in to nature shullen ben vnioyeful to e or ellis anoies4 ,sidenote3 ,does it add to a man's worth to shine in variety of costly clothing8 ,wenest ou eke at it be a fair inge to shine wi dyuerse cloing4 ,sidenote3 ,the things really to be admired are the beauty of the stuff or the workmanship of it4 of whiche cloing yif e beaute be agreable #abdj to loken vpon4 ,i wol merueylen on e nature of e matere of ilke cloes4 or ellys on e werkeman at wroute hem4 ,sidenote3 ,doth a great retinue make thee happy8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ab b4 but al so a longe route of meyne4 maki at a blisful 99man4 ,sidenote3 ,if thy servants be vicious1 they are a great burden to the house1 and pernicious enemies to the master of it4 e whiche seruauntes yif ei ben #abdd vicios of condiciouns it is a greet charge and a destruccioun to e house4 and a greet enmye to e lorde hym self ,sidenote3 ,if they be good1 why should the probity of others be put to thy account8 ,and yif ei ben goode men how shal straunge or foreyne goodenes ben put in e noumbre #abdh of i rycchesse4 ,sidenote3 ,upon the whole1 then1 none of those enjoyments which thou didst consider as thy own did ever properly belong to thee4 so at by alle ise forseide inges4 it is clerly shewed at neuer none of ilke inges at ou accoumptedest for in goodes nas nat i goode4 ,sidenote3 ,if they be not desirable1 why shouldst thou grieve for the loss of them8 ,in e whiche inges yif er be no beaute to ben desired4 #abeb ,linenotes3 #aagb strenger--strengere vndirstonde--vndyrstond #aagc nare--ne weere #aagd be ine--ben thyn #aage foule--fowl #aagf ,richesse--,rychessis #aagh rycchesse--rychesses #aagi1 #aahj golde--gold #aahj better--betere #aaha en--thanne #aahb mokeres--mokereres #aahc folke clere--folk cler #aahd swiche--swich from--fram #aahg stynte--stenteth #aahh ha--,,ms4 hae #aahi world--worlde #aaij al--alle #aaia al hool--omitted #aaic myche folke--moche folke rycchesse--rychesses #aaid myche--moche #aaif forgon--,,ms4 forgone #aaig ise--this rycchesses--rychesse ne--from ,c4 #aaih on--o #aaii wi-oute--with-owten al--alle folke--folke #abjj preciouse--presyous #abja in--omitted warde--ward seyne--seyn #abjb beaute 7#a7--;beautes ,for--but #abjc in--in the #abjd whiche--which #abjg ioynture--,ioyngture #abjh faire--fayr ha--,,ms4 hae #abaj laste--last worlde--world #abab myche--mochel #abac desserued--,,ms4 desseyued1 ,c4 desseruyd weye--wey shullen--sholden #abae mychel--mochel #abag fair werk--fayre werke worlde--world #abai clere--cler #abbb darst ou glorifie--darsthow gloryfyen #abbe in--in the #abbi ,syche--,soth #abcj on--to #abca1 #abce1 #abcg wilt--wolt #abch shullen--shollen #abci fair--fayre #abdj whiche--which #abdb werkeman--werkman #abdf house--hows lorde--lord #abdh goodenes--goodnesse #abej shewed--,i-shewyd none--oon #abea in--thine goode--good pg #dh ,headnote3 ,,riches ,,bring ,,anxieties4 whi sholdest ou be sory yif ou leese hem4 or whi sholdest ou reioysen e to holden hem4 ,sidenote3 ,if they are fair by nature1 what is that to thee8 ,for if ei ben fair of hire owen kynde4 what appertene at to e4 ,sidenote3 ,they would be equally agreeable whether thine or not4 for as wel sholde ei han ben faire by hem self4 #abef ou ei weren departid from alle in rycchesse4 ,sidenote3 ,they are not to be reckoned precious because they are counted amongst thy goods1 but because they seemed so before thou didst desire to possess them4 ,for-why faire ne precios ne weren ei nat4 for at ei comen amonges i rycchesse4 but for ei semeden fair and precious4 erfore ou haddest leuer rekene hem #abfj amonges i rycchesse4 ,sidenote3 ,what1 then1 is it we so clamorously demand of ,fortune8 but what desirest ou of fortune wi so greet a noyse and wi so greet a fare ,sidenote3 ,is it to drive away indigence by abundance8 ,i trowe ou seke to dryue awey nede wi habundaunce of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,but the very reverse of this happens1 for there is need of many helps to keep a variety of valuable goods4 ,but certys it turne to ow al in e #abfd contrarie4 for whi certys it nedi of ful manye helpynges to kepen e dyuersite of preciouse ostelment4 ,sidenote3 ,they want most things who have the most4 and soe it is at of manye inges han ei nede at manye inges han4 ,sidenote3 ,they want the fewest who measure their abundance by the necessities of nature1 and not by the superfluity of their desires4 and aeyneward of litel nedi #abfh hem at mesuren hir fille after e nede of kynde and nat after e outrage of couetyse ,sidenote3 ,is there no good planted within ourselves1 that we are obliged to go abroad to seek it8 ,is it an so at ye men ne han no propre goode4 ,i-set in ow4 ,for whiche e moten seken outwardes oure goodes in #abgb foreine and subgit inges4 ,sidenote3 ,are things so changed and inverted1 that god-like man should think that he has no other worth but what he derives from the possession of inanimate objects8 ,so is an e condicioun of inges turned vpso doun4 at a man at is a devyne beest by merit of hys resoun4 inke at hym self nys neyer fair ne noble4 but if it be oru #abgf possessioun of ostelmentes4 at ne han no soules4 ,linenotes3 #abee fair--fayre hire owen--hyr owne #abef sholde--sholden self--selue #abeg in rycchesse--thyne rychesses #abei amonges--amonge #abei1 #abfa rycchesse--,rychesses #abei fair--fayre #abfj leuer rekene--leuere rekne #abfb greet 7#b7--;grete #abfe1 #abfg manye--manye #abfg soe--soth #abgb outwardes--owtward #abgf fair--fayre if--yif ,headnote3 ,,ignorance ,,criminal ,,in ,,man4 ,sidenote3 ,inferior things are satisfied with their own endowments1 while man 7the image of ,god7 seeks to adorn his nature with things infinitely below him1 not understanding how much he dishonours his ,maker4 ,and certys al oer inges ben appaied of hire owen beautes4 but e men at ben semblable to god by oure resonable out desiren to apparaille oure excellent #abhj kynde of e loweste pinges4 ne e ne vndirstonde nat how gret a wrong e don to oure creatour4 ,sidenote3 ,god intended man to excel all earthly creatures1 yet you debase your dignity and prerogative below the lowest beings4 for he wolde at man kynde were moost wori and noble of any oer erely inges4 and e resten adoun oure pg #di dignitees by-neen e loweste inges4 ,sidenote3 ,in placing your happiness in despicable trifles1 you acknowledge yourselves of less value than these trifles1 and well do you merit to be so esteemed4 ,for if at al #abhe e good of euery ing be more preciouse an is ilk ing whos at e good is4 syn e demen at e fouleste inges ben oure goodes4 anne summytten #abhh e and putten oure self vndir o fouleste inges by oure estimacioun4 ,and certis is bitidi nat wi out oure desert4 ,sidenote3 ,man only excels other creatures when he knows himself4 ,for certys swiche is e condicioun of al man kynde at oonly whan it ha knowyng of it #abib self4 an passe it in noblesse alle oer inges4 ,sidenote3 ,when he ceases to do so1 he sinks below beasts4 and whan it forleti e knowyng of it self4 an it is brout byneen alle beestes4 ,sidenote3 ,ignorance is natural to beasts1 but in men it is unnatural and criminal4 ,for-why alle oer leuynge beestes han of kynde to knowe not hem #abif self4 but whan at men leten e knowyng of hem self4 it come hem of vice4 ,sidenote3 ,how weak an error is it to believe that anything foreign to your nature can be an ornament to it4 but how brode shewe e errour and e folie of ow men at wenen at ony ing may ben apparailled wi straunge apparaillement but #acjj for-soe at may nat be don4 ,sidenote3 ,if a thing appear beautiful on account of its external embellishments1 we admire and praise those embellishments alone4 for yif a wyt shyne wi inges at ben put to hym4 as us4 yif ilke inges shynen wi whiche a man is apparailled4 ,certis ilke inges ben commendid and preised wi whiche #acjd he is apparailled4 ,sidenote3 ,the thing covered still continues in its natural impurity4 ,but naeles e ing at is couered and wrapped vndir at dwelle in his file4 ,sidenote3 ,i deny that to be a good which is hurtful to its owner4 and ,i denye at ilke ing be good at anoye hym at ha it4 ,sidenote3 ,am ,i deceived in this8 ,you will say no2 for riches have often hurt their possessors4 ,gabbe ,i of is4 ou wolt seye nay4 #acjh ,certys rycchesse han anoyed ful ofte hem at han e rycchesse4 ,sidenote3 ,every wicked man desires another's wealth1 and esteems him alone happy who is in possession of riches4 ,syn at euery wicked shrew and for hys wickednesse e more gredy aftir oer folkes rycchesse wher so euer it be in any place4 be it golde or #acab precious stones4 pg #ej ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ac4 and weni hym 99only most wori at ha hem ,sidenote3 ,you1 therefore1 who now so much dread the instruments of assassination1 if you had been born a poor wayfaring man1 might1 with an empty purse1 have sung in the face of robbers4 ou an at so besy dredest now e swerde and e spere4 yif ou haddest entred in e pae of is lijf a voide wayfaryng man4 an woldest ou synge #acaf by-fore e eef4 ,as who sei a poure man at bere no rycchesse on hym by e weye4 may boldly synge byforne eues4 for he ha nat wher-of to ben robbed4 ,sidenote3 ,o the transcendant felicity of riches6 ,no sooner have you obtained them1 than you cease to be secure4 ,o preciouse and ryt clere is e blysfulnesse of #acbj mortal rycchesse4 at whan ou hast geten it4 an hast ou lorn i sykernesse4 ,linenotes3 #abgh hire owen--hir owne #abha ne 7#b7--omitted vndirstonde--vndyrstondyn #abhb gret--,,ms4 grete1 ,c4 gret #abhd oer erely--oothre worldly resten--threste #abhe by-neen--by-nethe if--yif #abhf good--,,ms4 goode1 ,c4 good ing--thinge preciouse--presyos ilk ing--thilke thinge #abhg e 7#b7--tho #abhh summytten--submitten #abhi self--seluen fouleste--fowleste #abij bitidi--tydeth #abia out--owte desert--desertes #abib al--alle #abic self--selue #abid it is--is it #abif leuynge--from ,c4 hem--hym #abig at--omitted #abih come--comth #abii ing--thinge #acjb put--,,ms4 putte1 ,c4 put #acjc whiche--which #acjf file--felthe #acjg ing--thinge good--,,ms4 goode1 ,c4 good #acjh ha--,,ms4 hae #acji rycchesse--,rychesses e--tho #acaj rycchesse--,rychesses shrew--shrewe #acaa rycchesse--rychesses #acab golde--gold #acad ha--,,ms4 hae1 ,c4 hat besy--bysy swerde--swerd #acae pae--paath #acaf wayfaryng--wayferynge synge--synge #acag by-fore--by-forn sei--,,ms4 seie1 ,c4 seyth poure--pore bere--berth #acah boldly synge--boldely synge #acai ha--,,ms4 hae #acbj preciouse--precyos clere--cler #acba rycchesse--rychesses #acbb lorn--,,ms4 lorne1 ,c4 lorn ,headnote3 ,,the ,,golden ,,age4 ,,felix ,,in ,,miru,m ,,prior ,,etas4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe metur4 ,sidenote3 ,happy was the first age of men4 ,they were contented with what the faithful earth produced4 ,blysful was e first age of men4 ei helden hem apaied wi e metes at e trewe eres brouten #acbd fure4 ei ne destroyede ne desceyuede not hem self wi outerage4 ,sidenote3 ,with acorns they satisfied their hunger4 ei weren wont lytly to slaken her hunger at euene wi acornes of okes ,sidenote3 ,they knew not ,hypocras nor ,hydromel4 ei ne coue nat medle e ift of bacus to e clere hony4 #acbh at is to seyn4 ei coue make no piment of clarre4 ,sidenote3 ,they did not dye the ,serian fleece in ,tyrian purple4 ne ei coue nat medle e brite flies of e contre of siriens wi e venym of tirie4 is is to seyne4 ei coue nat dien white flies of sirien contre wi e #accb blode of a manar shelfysshe4 at men fynden in tyrie4 wi whiche blode men deien purper4 ,sidenote3 ,they slept upon the grass1 and drank of the running stream1 and reclined under the shadow of the tall pine4 ei slepen holesom slepes vpon e gras4 and dronken of e rynnyng watres4 and laien vndir e shadowe of e heye #accf pyne trees4 ,sidenote3 ,no man yet ploughed the deep1 nor did the merchant traffick with foreign shores4 ,ne no gest ne no straunger ne karf it e heye see wi oores or wi shippes4 ne ei ne hadden seyne itte none newe strondes to leden merchaundyse pg #ea in to dyuerse contres4 ,sidenote3 ,the warlike trumpet was hushed and still4 o weren e cruel #acdj clariouns ful whist and ful stille4 ,sidenote3 ,bloodshed had not yet arisen through hateful quarrels4 ne blode yshed by egre hate ne hadde nat deied it armurers4 ,sidenote3 ,nothing could stimulate their rage to engage in war1 when they saw that wounds and scars were the only meeds4 for wherto or whiche woodenesse of enmys wolde first moeuen armes4 whan ei seien cruel woundes ne none medes #acdd ben of blood yshad ,sidenote3 ,o that those days would come again6 ,i wolde at oure tymes sholde turne aeyne to e oolde maneres4 ,sidenote3 ,the thirst of wealth torments all2 it rages more fiercely than tna's fires4 ,but e anguissous loue of hauyng brenne in folke moore cruely an e fijr of e ,mountaigne of ,ethna at euer brenne4 #acdh ,sidenote3 ,cursed be the wretch who first brought gold to light4 ,allas what was he at first dalf vp e gobets or e weytys of gold couered vndir ere4 and e precious stones at wolden han ben hid4 he dalf vp precious perils4 at is to seyne at he at hem first vp dalf4 he #aceb dalf vp a precious peril4 ,sidenote3 ,it has since proved perilous to many a man4 for-whi4 for e preciousnesse of swyche ha many man ben in peril4 ,linenotes3 #acbd eres--feeldes #acbe fure--forth destroyede--dystroyede #acbg her--hyr at--,,ms4 as1 ,c4 at euene--euen #acbh coue--cowde medle--medly ift--yifte clere--cleer #acbi coue--cowde of--nor #accj coue--cowde brite flies--bryhte fleees #acca siriens--,seryens seyne--seyn #accb coue--cowde dien--deyen flies--flees #accc blode--blood shelfysshe--shyllefyssh #accd blode--blood #acce holesom--holsom rynnyng watres--rennynge wateres shadowe--shadwes heye--heye #accg pyne--pyn no 7#b7--omitted ne--from ,c4 karf--karue #acci hadden seyne itte--hadde seyn yit #acda whist--hust blode yshed--blod ,i-shad #acdc whiche woodenesse--whych wodnesse #acdd seien--say #acdf turne aeyne--torne ayein #acdg folke--folk #acdh e--omitted euer--ay #acea hid--,,ms4 hidde1 ,c4 hydd #aceb seyne--seyn he 7#b7--omitted #aced swyche--swych thinge ha--,,ms4 hae ben--be ,headnote3 ,,of ,,dignities ,,and ,,powers4 ,,quid ,,aute,m ,,de ,,dignitatib,,us ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the sixte prose4 ,sidenote3 ,but why should ,i discourse of dignities and powers which 7though you are ignorant of true honour and real power7 you extol to the skies8 ,but what shal ,i seyne of dignitees and of powers4 e whiche ye men at neier knowen verray dignitee #acef ne verray power areysen hem as heye as e heuene4 ,sidenote3 ,when they fall to the lot of a wicked man1 they produce greater calamities than the flaming eruption of tna1 or the most impetuous deluge4 e whiche dignitees and powers yif ei come to any wicked man ei don as greete damages and distruccioun as do e flamme of e ,mountaigne #acfj ,ethna whan e flamme wit walwi vp ne no deluge ne do so cruel harmes4 ,sidenote3 ,you remember that your ancestors desired to abolish the ,consular government 7the commencement of the ,roman liberty71 because of the pride of the ,consuls2 as their ancestors before for the same consideration had suppressed the title of ,king4 ,certys ye remembri wel as ,i trowe at ilke dignitee at men clepi e emperie of consulers e whiche at somtyme was bygynnyng #acfd of fredom4 oure eldres coueiteden to han don a-wey at dignitee for e pride of e conseilers4 ,linenotes3 #acee seyne--seye #aceh come--comen #acei don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don as greete--as grete #acfj distruccioun--destrucciouns do--,,ms4 doe1 ,c4 doth flamme--flaumbe #acfa flamme--flawmbe wit--omitted #acfb do--,,ms4 doe1 ,c4 doth #acfc clepi--clepyn #acfd whiche--whych somtyme--whilom #acff for--,,ms4 of1 ,c4 for pg #eb ,headnote3 ,,honours ,,not ,,intrinsically ,,good1 ,and ryt for e same pride oure eldres byforne at tyme hadden don awey out of e ,citee of rome e #acfh kynges name4 at is to seien4 ei nolden haue no lenger no kyng ,but now yif so be at dignitees and powers ben euen to goode men4 e whiche ing is ful elde4 what agreable inges is er in o dignitees4 #acgb or powers4 but only e goodenes of folk at vsen hem4 ,linenotes3 #acfh don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #acfi seien--seyn #acgj lenger--lengere kyng--kynge #acga whiche--which #acgc folk--foolkys ,headnote3 ,,for ,,they ,,fall ,,to ,,the ,,lot ,,of ,,the ,,wicked4 ,sidenote3 ,virtue is not embellished by dignities1 but dignities derive honour from virtue4 ,and erfore it is us at honour ne come nat to vertue for cause of dignite4 but aeinward4 honour come to dignite by cause of vertue4 ,sidenote3 ,but what is this power1 so much celebrated and desired8 but whiche is #acgf oure derwore power at is so clere and so requerable ,sidenote3 ,what are they over whom you exercise authority8 ,o e erelyche bestes considere e nat ouer whiche ing at it seme at e han power4 ,sidenote3 ,if thou sawest a mouse assuming command over other mice1 wouldst thou not almost burst with laughter8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ac b4 ,now yif ou saye a mouse amongus 99oer myse at chalengede to #achj hymself ward ryt and power ouer alle oer myse4 how gret scorne woldest ou han of hit4 ,glosa4 ,so fare it by men4 e body ha power ouer e body4 ,sidenote3 ,what is more feeble than man1 to whom the bite of a fly may be the cause of death8 ,for yif ow loke wel vpon e body of a wyt what #achd ing shalt ou fynde moore frele an is mannes kynde4 e whiche ben ful ofte slayn wi bytynge of smale flies4 or ellys wi e entryng of crepyng wormes in to e priuetees of mennes bodyes4 ,sidenote3 ,but how can any man obtain dominion over another1 unless it be over his body1 or1 what is inferior to his body1--over his possessions1 the gifts of ,fortune8 ,but wher shal #achh men fynden any man at may exercen or haunten any ryt vpon an oer man but oonly vpon hys body4 or ellys vpon inges at ben lower en e body4 whiche ,i clepe fortunous possessiouns ,sidenote3 ,can you ever command a freeborn soul8 ,mayst ou euer haue #acib any comaundement ouer a fre corage ,sidenote3 ,can you disturb a soul consistent with itself1 and knit together by the bond of reason8 ,mayst ou remuen fro e estat of hys propre reste4 a out at is cleuyng to gider in hym self by stedfast resoun4 ,as somtyme a tiraunt wende to confounde a freeman of #acif corage ,and wende to constreyne hym by tourment pg #ec to maken hym dyscoueren and acusen folk at wisten of a coniuracioun4 whiche ,i clepe a confederacie at was cast aeins is tyraunt ,sidenote3 ,have you not read how ,anaxarchus bit off his tongue and spat it in the face of ,nicocreon8 ,but is free man boot #adjj of hys owen tunge4 and cast it in e visage of ilke woode tyraunte4 ,so at e tourment at is tyraunt wende to han maked matere of cruelte4 is wyse man makede it matere of vertues4 ,sidenote3 ,what is it that one man can do to another that does not admit of retaliation8 ,but what #adjd ing is it at a man may don to an oer man4 at he ne may receyue e same ing of oer folke in hym self4 or us4 ,what may a man don to folk4 at folk ne may don hym e same4 ,sidenote3 ,busiris used to kill his guests1 but at last himself was killed by ,hercules1 his guest4 ,i haue herd told of #adjh busirides at was wont to sleen hys gestes at herburghden in hys hous4 and he was slayn hym self of ercules at was hys gest ,sidenote3 ,regulus put his ,carthaginian prisoners in chains1 but was afterwards obliged to submit to the fetters of his enemies4 ,regulus hadde taken in bataile many men of affrike4 and cast hem in to fetteres4 #adab but sone after he moste iue hys handes to ben bounden with e cheynes of hem at he hadde somtyme ouercomen4 ,sidenote3 ,is he mighty that dares not inflict what he would upon another for fear of a requital8 ,wenest ou an at he be myty4 at may nat don a ing4 at oer ne may don #adaf hym4 at he do to oer4 ,sidenote3 ,if powers and honours were intrinsically good1 they would never be attained by the wicked4 and it more ouer yif it so were at ise dignites or poweres hadden any propre or naturel goodnesse in hem self neuer nolden ei comen to shrewes4 ,sidenote3 ,an union of things opposite is repugnant to nature4 ,for contrarious inges ne ben #adbj not wont to ben yfelawshiped togidres4 ,nature refuse at contrarious inges ben yioigned4 ,sidenote3 ,but as wicked men do obtain the highest honours1 it is clear that honours are not in themselves good1 otherwise they would not fall to the share of the unworthy4 ,and so as ,i am in certeyne at ryt wikked folk han dignitees ofte tymes4 an shewe it wel at dignitees and powers #adbd ne ben not goode of hir owen kynde4 syn at ei suffren hem self to cleuen or ioynen hem to shrewes4 ,sidenote3 ,the worst of men have often the largest share of ,fortune's gifts4 ,and certys e same ing may most digneliche ,iugen and seyen of alle e iftis of fortune at most plenteuously pg #ed comen to shrewes4 ,sidenote3 ,we judge him to be valiant who has given evidence of his fortitude4 ,of e whiche iftys ,i #adbi trowe at it aute ben considered at no man douti at he nis strong4 in whom he see strenge4 and in whom at swiftnesse is ,soe it is at he is swyfte4 #adcb ,sidenote3 ,so music maketh a musician1 c4 ,also musyk make musiciens4 and fysik make phisiciens4 and rethorik rethoriens4 ,sidenote3 ,the nature of everything consists in doing what is peculiar to itself1 and it repels what is contrary to it4 ,for whi e nature of euery ing maki his propretee4 ne it is nat entermedled wi e effectis of contrarious inges4 #adcf ,linenotes3 #acgd come--comth #acge1 #acgf vertue--vertu #acgf come--comth by--for whiche--which #acgg derwore--dereworthe clere--cleer #acgh whiche--which #acgi han--,,ms4 hanne1 ,c4 han #achj saye--saye mouse amongus--mous amonges myse--mus #achb scorne--scorn #achc ha--,,ms4 hae #ache mannes--man #achf e----slayn--the whiche men wel ofte ben slayn #achh mennes bodyes--mannes body #acia lower--lowere whiche--the which #acie stedfast--stidefast #acif somtyme--whylom #acii whiche--which #adja owen--owne #adjf receyue--resseyuen oer--oothre #adjh herd told--,,ms4 herde tolde1 ,c4 herd told #adji hys--hise herburghden--herberweden #adaj slayn--sleyn #adaa hadde--hadde #adac moste--moste #adad bounden--bownde cheynes--,,ms4 eues1 ,c4 cheynes hadde--hadde #adae somtyme--whylom #adaf at----ing--that hath no power to don a thinge oer--oothre #adag hym--in hym do--,,ms4 doe1 ,c4 doth to oer--in oothre #adba togidres--to-gidere #adbc certeyne--certein #adbd tymes--tyme #adbe owen--owne #adbi whiche--which #adcj aute--owhte #adcb ,soe--soth swyfte--swyft #adce is--nis #adcf effectis--effect ,headnote3 ,,power ,,does ,,not ,,confer ,,goodness4 ,and as of wil it chase oute inges at to it ben contrarie ,sidenote3 ,riches cannot restrain avarice4 ,power cannot make a man master of himself if he is the slave of his lusts4 ,but certys rycchesse may nat restreyne auarice vnstaunched ,ne power ne make nat a man myty ouer hym self4 whiche at vicious lustis #addj holden destreined wi cheins at ne mowen nat ben vnbounden4 ,sidenote3 ,dignities conferred upon base men do not make them worthy1 but rather expose their want of merit4 and dignitees at ben euen to shrewede folk nat oonly ne maki hem nat digne4 but it shewe raer al openly at ei ben vnwori and vndigne4 #addd ,sidenote3 ,why is it so8 ',tis because you give false names to things4 ,you dignify riches1 power1 and honours1 with names they have no title to4 ,and whi is it us4 ,certis for e han ioye to clepen inges wi false names4 at beren hem al in e contrarie4 e whiche names ben ful ofte reproued by e effect of e same inges4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ad4 so at 99ise ilke rycchesse #addh ne auten nat by ryt to ben cleped rycchesse4 ne whiche power ne aute not ben cleped power4 ne whiche dignitee ne aute nat ben cleped dignitee4 ,sidenote3 ,in fine1 the same may be said of all the gifts of ,fortune1 in which nothing is desirable1 nothing of natural good in them1 since they are not always allotted to good men1 nor make them good to whom they are attached4 ,and at e laste ,i may conclude e same inge of #adeb al e iftes of fortune in whiche er nis no ing to ben desired4 ne at ha in hym self naturel bounte4 as it is ful wel sene4 for neyer ei ne ioygnen hem nat alwey to goode men4 ne maken hem alwey #adef goode to whom ei ben y-ioigned4 ,linenotes3 #adcg oute--owt #adda ben--be #addb shrewede--shrewede #addf false--false al--alle #addg whiche--which #addi auten--owhten rycchesse--rychesses #adej whiche--swich aute--owhte #adea whiche--swich aute--owht #adec al--alle #aded ha--,,ms4 hae #adee sene--,i-seene pg #ee ,headnote3 ,,nero',s ,,cruelty4 ,,nouimus ,,quantos ,,dederat4 ,sidenote3 ,the sixte ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,we know what ruin ,nero did4 ,,we han wel knowen how many greete harmes and destrucciouns weren do by e ,emperoure ,nero4 ,sidenote3 ,he burnt ,rome1 he slew the conscript fathers1 murdered his brother1 and spilt his mother's blood4 ,he letee brenne e citee of ,rome and made slen e #adfj senatours4 and he cruel somtyme slou hys broer4 and he was maked moyst wi e blood of hys modir4 at is to seyn he let sleen and slitten e body of his modir to seen where he was conceiued4 ,sidenote3 ,he looked unmoved upon his mother's corpse1 and passed judgment upon her beauty4 and he lokede on euery #adfd half vpon hir colde dede body4 ne no tere ne wette his face4 but he was so hard herted at he myte ben domesman or ,iuge of hire dede beaute4 ,sidenote3 ,yet this parricide ruled over all lands1 illumined by the sun in his diurnal course1 and controlled the frozen regions of the pole4 ,and itte neuereles gouernede is ,nero by ,ceptre al e peoples #adfh at phebus e sonne may seen comyng from his outerest arysyng til he hidde his bemes vndir e wawes4 at is to seyne4 he gouernede alle e peoples by ,ceptre imperial at e sonne go aboute from est to west ,and #adgb eke is ,nero goueyrende by ,ceptre4 alle e peoples at ben vndir e colde sterres at hyten e seuene triones4 is is to seyn he gouernede alle e poeples at ben vndir e parties of e nore4 ,sidenote3 ,he governed1 too1 the people in the torrid zone4 ,and eke ,nero gouernede #adgf alle e poeples at e violent wynde ,nothus scorchi and baki e brennynge sandes by his drie hete4 at is to seyne4 alle e poeples in e soue4 ,sidenote3 ,but yet ,nero's power could not tame his ferocious mind4 but yit ne myhte nat al his heye power torne the woodnesse of #adhj this wykkyd nero _/ ,sidenote3 ,it is a grievous thing when power strengthens the arm of him whose will prompts him to deeds of cruelty4 ,allas it is greuous fortune it is4 as ofte as wicked swerde is ioygned to cruel venym4 at is to sein4 venimous cruelte to lordshipe4 ,linenotes3 #adeh greete--grete #adfj letee--let #adfa somtyme slou--whilom slow #adfc let--lette #adfd where--wher #adfe half--halue #adff myte--myhte #adfg hire--hyr #adfh neuereles--natheles gouernede--gouernede al--alle #adfi from--fram outerest--owtereste #adgj hidde--hide #adga seyne--seyn #adgb go--,,ms4 goe1 ,c4 goth #adgc goueyrende--gouernyd #adgd triones--tyryones #adge gouernede--gouernede #adgf parties--party nore--north gouernede--gouernede #adgg wynde--wynd scorchi--scorklith #adgi seyne--seyn soue--sowth #adgi-ha but----it is--,,ms4 has3 but ne how greuous fortune is #adhb swerde--swerd pg #ef ,headnote3 ,,the ,,love ,,of ,,glory4 ,,tu,m ,,ego ,,scis ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,thou knowest that ,i did not covet mortal and transitory things4 ,anne seide ,i us4 ou wost wel iself at e #adhd couetise of mortal inges ne hadden neuer lordshipe of me4 but ,i haue wel desired matere of inges to done4 as who sei4 ,sidenote3 ,i only wished to exercise my virtue in public concerns1 lest it should grow feeble by inactivity4 ,i desirede to han matere of gouernaunce ouer comunalites4 ,for vertue stille ne #adhh sholde not elden4 at is to seyn4 at list at or he wex olde ,his uertue at lay now ful stille4 ne sholde nat perisshe vnexcercised in gouernaunce of comune4 ,for whiche men myten speke or writen of his #adib goode gouernement4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,a love of glory is one of those things that may captivate minds naturally great1 but not yet arrived at the perfection of virtue4 ,philosophie4 ,for soe quod she4 and at is a ing at may drawen to gouernaunce swiche hertes as ben wori and noble of hir nature4 but naeles it may nat drawen or tollen swiche hertes as #adif ben y-brout to e fulle perfeccioun of vertue4 at is to seyn couetyse of glorie and renoun to han wel administred e comune inges4 or doon goode decertes to profit of e comune4 ,sidenote3 ,but consider how small and void of weight is that glory4 for se now and considere how #aejj litel and how voide of al prise is ilke glorie4 ,sidenote3 ,astronomy teaches us that this globe of earth is but a speck compared with the extent of the heavens1 and is as nothing if compared with the magnitude of the celestial sphere4 ,certeine ing is as ou hast lerned by demonstracioun of astronomye at al e envyronynge of e ere aboute ne halt but e resoun of a prykke at regard of e gretnesse #aejd of heuene4 at is to seye4 at yif at er were maked comparisoun of e ere to e gretnesse of heuene4 men wolde ,iugen in alle at ere ne helde no space ,sidenote3 ,ptolemy shows that only one-fourth of this earth is inhabited by living creatures4 ,of e whiche litel regioun of is worlde #aejh e fere partie is enhabitid wi lyuyng beestes at we knowen4 as ou hast i self lerned by tholome at prouit it4 ,sidenote3 ,deduct from this the space occupied by seas1 marshes1 lakes1 and deserts1 and there remains but a small proportion left for the abode of man4 yif ou haddest wi drawen and abated in i oute fro ilke fere partie as myche space as e #aeab see and the mareys contenen and ouergon and as myche space as e regioun of droughte ouerstrecche4 ,linenotes3 #adhg desirede--desyre #adhi wex olde--wax old #adib whiche--which speke--spekyn #adif tollen--,,ms4 tellen1 ,c4 tollen #adig fulle--fulle #aeja al prise--alle prys #aeje seye--seyn #aejg wolde--woldyn alle--al ne--from ,c4 #aeaj lerned--ylerned #aeab oute--thowht myche--moche #aeac the--from ,c4 #aead myche space--moche spaces pg #eg ,headnote3 ,,fame ,,is ,,circumscribed4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ad b4 at is to seye sandes and desertes wel vnne sholde 99er dwellen a ryt streite place to e habitacioun of #aeaf men4 ,sidenote3 ,and do you1 who are confined to the least point of this point1 think of nothing but of blazing far and wide your name and reputation8 and e an at ben environed and closed wi inne e leeste prikke of ilk prikke enke e to manifesten oure renoun and don oure name to ben born fore4 ,sidenote3 ,what is there great in a glory so circumscribed8 but oure glorie at is so narwe and so #aebj streyt yrongen in to so litel boundes4 how myche conteine it in largesse and in greet doynge4 ,sidenote3 ,even in this contracted circle1 there is a great variety of nations1 to whom not only the fame of particular men1 but even of great cities1 cannot extend4 ,and also sette is er to at many a nacioun dyuerse of tonge and of maneres4 and eke of resoun of hir lyuyng ben #aebd enhabitid in e cloos of ilke litel habitacle4 ,to e whiche naciouns what for difficulte of weyes4 and what for diuersite of langages4 and what for defaute of vnusage entercomunynge of marchaundise4 nat only e #aebh names of singler men ne may nat strecchen4 but eke e fame of ,citees ne may nat strecchen4 ,sidenote3 ,in the time of ,marcus ,tullius the fame of ,rome did not reach beyond ,mount ,caucasus4 ,at e laste ,certis in e tyme of ,marcus tulyus as hym self write in his book at e renoun of e comune of #aecb ,rome ne hadde nat itte passed ne cloumben ouer e mountaigne at hyt ,caucasus4 and itte was ilk tyme rome wel wexen and gretly redouted of e parthes4 and eke of oer folk enhabityng aboute4 ,sidenote3 ,how narrow1 then1 is that glory which you labour to propagate4 ,sest ou #aecf nat an how streit and how compressed is ilke glorie at e trauailen aboute to shew and to multiplie4 ,sidenote3 ,shall the glory of a ,roman citizen reach those places where the name even of ,rome was never heard8 ,may an e glorie of a singlere ,romeyne strecchen ider as e fame of e name of ,rome may nat clymben ne #aedj passen4 ,sidenote3 ,customs and institutions differ in different countries4 ,and eke sest ou nat at e maners of diuerse folk and eke hir lawes ben discordaunt amonge hem self4 ,sidenote3 ,what is praise-worthy in one is blame-worthy in another4 so at ilke ing at sommen iugen wori of preysynge4 oer folk iugen at it is wori of torment4 #aedd ,linenotes3 #aeae seye--seyn #aeaf streite--streyt #aeag an--thanne #aeah inne--in leeste--leste ilk--thilke enke e--thinken ye #aebj born fore--,,ms4 borne1 ,c4 born1 forth narwe--narwh #aeba streyt--streyte myche--mochel #aebb conteine--coueyteth #aebe habitacle--,,ms4 habitache1 ,c4 habytacule #aebi nat--from ,c4 #aeca laste--laste #aecb write--writ #aecc hadde--hadden itte--omitted #aecd hyt--hyhte ilk--thikke #aece wexen--waxen #aecf ,sest ou--sestow #aech shew--shewe #aeci singlere--singler ,headnote3 ,,fame ,,is ,,not ,,eternal4 ,sidenote3 ,it is not the interest of any man who desires renown to have his name spread through many countries4 and er of come at ou a man delite hym in preysyng of his renoun4 he ne may nat in no wise pg #eh bryngen fure ne spreden his name to many manere peoples4 ,sidenote3 ,he ought1 therefore1 to be satisfied with the glory he has acquired at home4 ,and erfore euery maner man aute to ben #aedh paied of hys glorie at is puplissed among hys owen neybores4 ,sidenote3 ,but of how many personages1 illustrious in their times1 have the memorials been lost through the carelessness and neglect of writers4 ,and ilke noble renoun shal be restreyned wi-inne e boundes of o maner folk but how many a man at was ful noble in his tyme4 ha e #aeeb nedy and wrecched foretynge of writers put oute of mynde and don awey4 ,sidenote3 ,but writings do not preserve the names of men for ever4 ,al be it so at certys ilke writynges profiten litel4 e whiche writynges longe and derke elde do aweye boe hem and eke her autours4 #aeef ,sidenote3 ,but perhaps you suppose that you shall secure immortality if your names are transmitted to future ages4 but e men semen to geten ow a perdurablete whan e enke at in tyme comyng oure fame shal lasten4 ,sidenote3 ,if you consider the infinite space of eternity you will have no reason to rejoice in this supposition4 ,but naeles yif ou wilt maken comparisoun to e endeles space of eternite what ing hast ou by whiche ou #aefj maist reioysen e of long lastyng of i name4 ,sidenote3 ,if a moment be compared with #aj1jjj years1 there is a proportion between them1 though a very small one4 ,for if er were maked comparysoun of e abidyng of a moment to ten ousand wynter4 for as myche as boe o spaces ben endid4 ,for it ha e moment some #aefd porcioun of hit al ou it a litel be4 ,sidenote3 ,but this number of years1 multiplied by whatever sum you please1 vanishes when compared with the infinite extent of eternity4 ,but naeles ilke self noumbre of eres4 and eke as many eres as er to may be multiplied4 ne may nat certys be comparisound to e perdurablete at is eendeles4 ,sidenote3 ,there may be comparison between finite things1 but none between the infinite and finite4 ,for of #aefh inges at han ende may be mad comparisoun but of thinges that ben with-owtyn ende to thinges at han ende may be maked no comparysoun4 ,sidenote3 ,hence it is1 that ,fame 7however lasting71 compared with eternity1 will seem absolutely nothing4 ,and for i is it al ou renoun of as longe tyme as euer e lyst to inken #aegb were out by e regard of eternite4 at is vnstauncheable and infinit4 it ne sholde nat oonly semen litel4 but pleinliche ryt nout4 ,sidenote3 ,but yet you do good from no other view than to have the empty applause of the people1 foregoing the pleasures of a good conscience in order to have the insignificant praises of other people4 ,but e men certys ne konne don no ing aryt4 but if it be for e audience of poeple4 pg #ei and for ydel rumours4 and e forsaken e grete worinesse #aegg of conscience and of vertue4 and e seken oure gerdouns of e smale wordes of strange folke4 ,linenotes3 #aede come--comth it #aedg fure--forth manere--maner #aedh erfore--ther-for aute--owhte #aedi paied--apayed hys owen--hise owne #aeej neybores--nesshebours be--ben #aeeb ha--,,ms4 hae #aeec put 7,,ms4 putte7 oute--put owt #aeef derke--derk do aweye--,,ms4 doe1 ,c4 doth a-wey her autours--hir actorros #aeeg e--yow semen--semeth #aeeh comyng--to comynge #aeei wilt--wolt #aefj whiche--which #aefc myche--mochel #aefd o--the ha--,,ms4 hae some--som #aeff self--selue #aefg be 7#b7--;ben #aefh eendeles--endeles #aefi mad--,,ms4 made1 ,c4 maked but----comparysoun--from ,c4 #aegc by--to ,headnote3 ,,vanity ,,reproved4 ,sidenote3 ,this silly vanity was once thus ingeniously and pleasantly rallied4 ,haue now here and vndirstonde in e lytnesse of whiche #aehj pride and veyne glorie4 how a man scornede festiualy and myrily swiche vanite4 ,sidenote3 ,a certain man1 who had assumed the name of a philosopher through a love of vain-glory1 was told by a man of humour that he could prove he was a philosopher by bearing patiently the injuries offered him4 somtyme ere was a man at hadde assaied wi striuyng wordes an oer man4 e whiche nat for vsage of verrey vertue4 but for proude #aehd veyne glorie hadde taken vpon hym falsly e name of a philosopher4 is raer man at ,i speke of oute he wolde assaye where he ilke were a philosopher or no4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ae4 at is to seyne yif he wolde han suffred #aehh lytly in pacience e wronges 99at weren don vnto hym4 ,sidenote3 ,after counterfeiting patience for a while1 the sophist said to the other1 #8,you must surely confess that ,i am a philosopher4' is feinede philosophre took pacience a litel while4 and whan he hadde receiued wordes of outerage he as in stryuynge aeine and reioysynge of #aeib hym self seide at e laste ryt us4 vndirstondest ou nat at ,i am a philosophere4 ,sidenote3 #8,i might have believed it1' said the other1 #8had you held your tongue4' at oer man answerede aein ful bityngly and seide4 ,i hadde wel vndirstonden yt4 yif ou haddest holden i tonge #aeif stille4 ,sidenote3 ,what advantage is it to great and worthy men to be extolled after death8 ,but what is it to ise noble wori men4 ,for certys of swyche folk speke 4,i4 at seken glorie wi vertue4 what is it quod she4 what atteini fame to swiche folk whan e body is resolued by e dee4 atte #afjj e laste4 ,sidenote3 ,if body and soul die1 then there can be no glory2 nor can there be when he 7to whom it is ascribed7 does not exist4 ,for yif so be at men dien in al4 at is to seyne body and soule4 e whiche ing oure resoun defendi vs to byleuen anne is ere no glorie in no wyse4 ,for what sholde ilke glorie ben4 for he of #afjd whom is glorie is seid to be nis ryt nout in no wise4 ,sidenote3 ,but if the soul is immortal when it leaves the body1 it takes no thought of the joys of this world4 and if e soule whiche at ha in it self science of goode werkes vnbounden fro e prisoun of e ere pg #fj wende frely to e heuene4 dispise it nout an alle #afjh erely occupaciouns4 and beynge in heuene reioise at it is exempt from alle erely inges as wo seith _/ thanne rekketh the sowle of no glorye of renoun of this world4 #afab ,linenotes3 #aehj whiche--swych #aeha scornede--scornede #aehb swiche--swych somtyme--whilom #aehc hadde--hadde #aehd whiche--which proude--prowd #aehf speke--spak #aehg oute--thowhte assaye--assaye #aehh seyne--seyn #aeij feinede--feynede #aeib aeine--ayein #aeic laste--laste vndirstondest ou--vndyrstondow #aeid answerede--answerde #aeie hadde--hadde #aeif yt--from ,c4 #afja laste--laste #afjb seyne--seyn #afjd for 7#b7--whan #afje is--thilke seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd nout--nawht #afjf ha--,,ms4 hae #afjh nout an--nat thanne #afaj from--fro #afaj-afab as----world--from ,c4 ,headnote3 ,,death ,,puts ,,an ,,end ,,to ,,renown4 ,,quicumq,,ue ,,solam ,,mente4 ,sidenote3 ,the #gth ,metre4 ,sidenote3 ,let him who seeks fame1 thinking it to be the sovereign good1 look upon the broad universe and this circumscribed earth2 and he will then despise a glorious name limited to such a confined space4 ,who so at wi ouerrowyng out only seke glorie of fame4 and weni at it be souereyne good ,lete hym loke vpon e brode shewyng contreys of e heuen4 and vpon e streite sete of is ere4 and #afaf he shal be ashamed of e encres of his name4 at may nat fulfille e litel compas of e ere4 ,o what coueiten proude folke to liften vpon hire nekkes in ydel and dedely ok of is worlde4 ,sidenote3 ,will splendid titles and renown prolong a man's life8 ,for al ou #afbj at renoune y-spradde passynge to ferne poeples go by dyuerse tonges4 and al ou grete houses and kynredes shyne wi clere titles of honours4 ,sidenote3 ,in the grave there is no distinction between high and low4 it naeles dee dispise al heye glorie of fame4 and dee wrappe #afbd to gidre e heye heuedes and e lowe and make egal and euene e heyeste to e loweste4 ,sidenote3 ,where is the good ,fabricius now8 where wonen now e bones of trewe fabricius4 ,sidenote3 ,where the noble ,brutus1 or stern ,cato8 what is now brutus or stiern ,caton e inne fame it lastynge #afbh of hir ydel names is markid wi a fewe lettres4 ,sidenote3 ,their empty names still live1 but of their persons we know nothing4 but al ou we han knowen e faire wordes of e fames of hem4 it is nat euen to knowe hem at ben dede and consumpt4 ,sidenote3 ,fame cannot make you known4 ,liggi anne stille al vtterly vnknowable #afcb ne fame ne make ow nat knowe4 and yif e wene to lyuen e lenger for wynde of oure mortal name4 whan o cruel day shal rauyshe ow4 an is e secunde dee dwellyng in ow4 ,sidenote3 ,it will be effaced by conquering ,time1 so that death will be doubly victorious4 ,glosa4 e first dee he clepi #afcf here e departynge of e body and e soule4 and pg #fa e secunde dee he clepe as here4 e styntynge of e renoune of fame4#c ,linenotes3 #afae ,lete--,lat loke--looken #afaf sete--,cyte #afag be--ben #afai vpon--vp #afbj and dedely--in the dedly #afba y-spradde--ysprad at--from ,c4 ferne--,,ms4 serue1 ,c4 ferne go--,,ms4 goe1 ,c4 goth #afbb and 7#b7--or #afbc shyne--shynen clere--cler #afbd al--alle #afbf heyeste--heyoste loweste--loweste #afbh stiern--,,ms4 sciern1 ,c4 stierne #afcb consumpt--consumpte #afcd lenger--longere #afcg e 7#a7--omitted #afci renoune--renoun ,footnote #c3 ,the next three chapters are from the ,camb4 ,,ms4 ,headnote3 ,,adverse ,,fortune ,,is ,,beneficial4 ,,set ,,ne ,,me ,,inexorabile ,,contra4 ,sidenote3 ,the viij prose4 ,sidenote3 #8,but do not believe1' said ,philosophy1 #8that ,i am an implacable enemy to ,fortune4 ,b,vt for-as-mochel as thow shalt nat wenen quod she #afdj at ,i bere vntretable batayle ayenis fortune _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,this inconstant dame sometimes deserves well of men1 when she appears in her true colours4 yit som-tyme it by-falleth at she desseyuable desserueth to han ryht good thank of men _/_/ ,and at is whan she hire self opneth _/ and whan she descouereth hir frownt _/ #afdd and sheweth hir maneres par-auenture yit vndirstondesthow nat at 4,i4 shal seye _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,and what ,i say may perhaps appear paradoxical4 it is a wondyr at 4,i4 desyre to telle _/ ,sidenote3 ,that is1 that adverse fortune is more beneficial than prosperous fortune4 and forthi vnnethe may ,i4 vnpleyten my sentense with wordes for ,i4 deme at contraryos fortune #afdh profiteth more to men than fortune debonayre _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,the latter lies and deceives us1 the former displays her natural inconstancy4 ,for al-wey whan fortune semeth debonayre than she lyeth falsly in by-hetynge the hope of welefulnesse _/_/ but forsothe contraryos fortune is alwey sothfast _/ whan she #afeb sheweth hir self vnstable thorw hyr chaungynge _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,that deceives us1 this instructs us2 that1 by a fallacious show of good1 enslaves the mind2 this1 by the knowledge of her fickleness1 frees and absolves it4 the amyable fortune desseyueth folk _/ the contrarye fortune techeth _/_/ the amyable fortune byndeth with the beaute of false goodys the hertes of folk at vsen hem _/ the #afef contrarye fortune vnbyndeth hem by e knowynge of freele welefulnesse _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,the one is wavering and incapable of reflection1 the other is staid and wise through experience of adversity4 the amyable fortune maysthow sen alwey wyndynge and flowynge _/ and euere mysknowynge #afei of hir self _/_/ the contrarye fortune is a-tempre and restreynyd and wys thorw excersyse of hir aduersyte _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,lastly1 prosperous fortune leads men astray4 ,adversity teaches them wherein real happiness consists4 at the laste amyable fortune with hir flaterynges draweth mys wandrynge men fro the souereyne good _/_/ the contraryos fortune ledith ofte folk ayein to sothfast goodes _/ #affd and haleth hem ayein as with an hooke _/ ,sidenote3 ,it renders us no inconsiderable service in enabling us to recognize our true friends4 weenesthow thanne at thow owhtest to leten this a lytel thing _/ at this aspre and horible fortune hath discoueryd to the _/ the thowhtes of thy trewe frendes _/_/ ,for-why this ilke fortune #affh hath departyd and vncoueryd to the bothe the pg #fb certeyn vysages and ek the dowtos visages of thy felawes _/_/ whan she departyd awey fro the _/ she took awey hyr frendes and lafte the thyne frendes _/_/ #afgb ,sidenote3 ,at what price would you not have bought this knowledge in your prosperity8 now whan thow were ryche and weleful as the semede _/ with how mochel woldesthow han bowht the fulle knowynge of this _/_/ at is to seyn the knowynge of thy verray freendes _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,complain not1 then1 of loss of wealth1 since thou hast found infinitely greater riches in your true friends4 now pleyne the nat thanne of ,rychesse #afgf 4,i4-lorn syn thow hast fowndyn the moste presyos kynde of ,rychesses at is to seyn thy verray frendes4 ,headnote3 ,,all ,,things ,,bound ,,by ,,the ,,chain ,,of ,,love4 ,,quod ,,mu,n,,dus ,,stabili ,,fide4 ,sidenote3 ,the viij ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,this world1 by an invariable order1 suffers change4 ,t,hat e world with stable feith _/ varieth acordable chaungynges _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,elements1 that by nature disagree1 are restrained by concord4 at the contraryos qualite of element #afhj holden amonge hem self aliaunce perdurable _/ at phebus the sonne with his goldene chariet _/ bryngeth forth the rosene day _/ at the mone hath commaundement ouer the nyhtes _/_/ whiche nyhtes hesperus the eue sterre hat browt _/_/ #afhd ,sidenote3 ,the sea is thus kept within its proper bounds4 at e se gredy to flowen constreyneth with a certeyn ende hise floodes _/ so at it is nat leueful to strechche hise brode termes or bowndes vp-on the erthes _/_/ at is to seyn to couere alle the erthe _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,this concord is produced by love1 which governeth earth and sea1 and extends its influence to the heavens4 ,al this a-cordaunce of thinges #afhh is bownden with looue _/ at gouerneth erthe and see _/ and hath also commaundement to the heuenes _/ ,sidenote3 ,if this chain of love were broken all things would be in perpetual strife1 and the world would go to ruin4 and yif this looue slakede the brydelis _/ alle thinges at now louen hem to gederes _/ wolden maken a batayle contynuely #afib and stryuen to fordoon the fasoun of this worlde _/ the which they now leden in acordable feith by fayre moeuynges _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,love binds nations together1 it ties the nuptial knot1 and dictates binding laws to friendship4 this looue halt to gideres poeples ,ioygned with an hooly bond _/ and knytteth sacrement of maryages #afif of chaste looues _/_/ ,and loue enditeth lawes to trewe felawes _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,men were truly blest if governed by this celestial love6' ,o weleful weere mankynde _/ yif thilke loue at gouerneth heuene gouernede yowre corages _/ ,,explicit ,,lib,,er #bus4 ,linenote3 #afij hath--,h4 he hath pg #fc ,headnote3 ,,boethius ,,is ,,comforted ,,by ,,philosophy',s ,,song4 ,,incipit ,,lib,,er #cus4 ,,iam ,,cantu,m ,,illa ,,finierat4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy now ended her song4 ,by this she hadde endid hire songe _/ whan the swetnesse #agjj of hire ditee hadde thorw perced me at was desirous of herkninge _/ ,sidenote3 ,i was so charmed that ,i kept a listening as if she were still speaking4 and 4,i4 astoned hadde yit streyhte myn ,eres _/ at is to seyn to herkne the bet _/ what she wolde seye _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,at last ,i said1 ,o sovereign comforter of dejected minds1 how much hast thou refreshed me with the energy of thy discourse1 so that ,i now think myself almost an equal match for ,fortune and able to resist her blows4 so at a litel here after 4,i4 seyde thus _/_/ ,o thow #agjd at art souereyn comfort of ,angwissos corages _/_/ ,so thow hast remounted and norysshed me with the weyhte of thy sentenses and with delit of thy syngynge _/_/ so at 4,i4 trowe nat now at 4,i4 be vnparygal to the strokes of fortune _/ as #agjh who seyth4 ,i4 dar wel now suffren al the assautes of fortune and wel deffende me fro hyr _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,i fear not1 therefore1 thy remedies1 but earnestly desire to hear what they are4 and tho remedies whyche at thow seydest hire byforn weren ryht sharpe ,nat oonly pat 4,i4 am nat agrysen of hem now _/_/ but 4,i4 desiros #agab of herynge axe gretely to heeren tho remedyes _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,when ,i perceived that1 silent and attentive1 you received my words1 ,i expected to find such a state of mind in you1 or rather1 ,i created in you such an one4 than seyde she thus _/_/ at feelede 4,i4 ful wel quod she _/_/ whan at thow ententyf and stylle rauysshedest my wordes _/_/ and 4,i4 abood til at thow haddest swych habyte #agaf of thy thowght as thow hast now _/_/ or elles tyl at 4,i4 my self hadde maked to the the same habyt _/ which at is a moore verray thinge _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,what remains to be said is of such a nature that when it is first tasted it is pungent and unpleasant1 but when once swallowed it turns sweet1 and is grateful to the stomach4 ,and certes the remenaunt of thinges at ben yit to seye _/ ben swyche _/_/ at fyrst #agbj whan men tasten hem they ben bytynge _/ but whan they ben resseyuyd with-inne a whyht than ben they swete _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,but because you say you would now gladly hear1 with what desire would you burn if you could imagine whither ,i am going to lead you8 but for thow seyst at thow art so desirous to herkne hem _/_/ with how gret brennynge woldesthow #agbd glowen _/ yif thow wystest whyder 4,i4 wol leden the _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,whither is that1 ,i pray8 whydyre is at quod 4,i4 _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,to that true felicity1 of which you seem to have but a faint foretaste4 to thilke verray welefulnesse quod she _/_/ of whyche thynge herte dremeth _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,but your sight is clouded with false forms1 so that it cannot yet behold this same felicity4 but for as moche as thy syhte is ocupied and distorbed _/ by #agbh ,imagynasyon of herthely thynges _/ thow mayst nat yit sen thilke selue welefulnesse _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,show me1 ,i pray1 that true happiness without delay4 do quod 4,i4 and shewe me _/ what is thilke verray welefulnesse _/ 4,i4 preye the pg #fd with-howte tarynge _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i will gladly do so at your desire1 but ,i will first describe that false cause 7of happiness71 so that you may be better able to comprehend the exact model4 at wole 4,i4 gladly don quod she _/ #agcb for the cause of the _/_/ but 4,i4 wol fyrst marken the by wordes _/ and ,i wol enforcen me to enformen the _/_/ thilke false cause of blysfulnesse at thow more knowest _/ so at whan thow hast fully by-holden thilke false #agcf goodes and torned thyne eyen to at oother syde _/ thow mowe knowe the clernesse of verray blysfulnesse _/_/ ,linenotes3 #agjb streyhte--,h4 strenghed #agab am nat--,h4 nam nought #agah hadde--,h4 hade #agcd wol--,h4 shalle #agci wil--wole felde--feeld ,headnote3 ,,away ,,with ,,false ,,felicity6 ,sidenote3 99 ,here the ,add4 ,,ms4 begins again4 99,,qui ,,serere ,i,n,,genium4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrst metur4 ,sidenote3 ,he who would sow seed must first clear the ground of useless weeds1 so that he may reap an abundant harvest4 ,who so wil sowe a felde plentiuous4 lat hym first delyuer it of ornes and kerue asondre wi his hooke #agdj e bushes and e ferne so at e corne may comen heuy of eres and of greins4 ,sidenote3 ,honey tastes all the sweeter to a palate disgusted by offensive flavours4 hony is e more swete yif moues han firste tastid sauoures at ben wikke4 ,sidenote3 ,the stars shine all the clearer when the southern showery blasts cease to blow4 e sterres shynen more agreably whan e wynde ,nothus leti his #agdd ploungy blastes4 ,sidenote3 ,when ,lucifer has chased away the dark night1 then ,phbus mounts his gay chariot4 and aftir at lucifer e day sterre ha chased awey e derke nyt4 e day e feirer ledi e rosene horse of e sonne4 ,sidenote3 ,so you1 beholding the false felicity1 and withdrawing your neck from the yoke of earthly affections1 will soon see the sovereign good4 ,ryt so ou byholdyng first e false goodes4 bygynne to widrawe i nekke #agdh fro e ok of erely affecciouns4 and afterwarde e verrey goodes shollen entre in to i corage4 ,linenotes3 #agdj delyuer--delyuere of--fro hooke--hook #agda bushes--bosses ferne--fern corne--korn #agdc firste--fyrst wikke--wyckyd #agdd wynde--wynd his--hise #agde ha--,,ms4 hae #agdf feirer--fayrere #agdg horse--hors ,ryt--,and ,ryht #agdh false--false bygynne--bygyn widrawe--with drawen nekke--nekke #agdi afterwarde--affterward #agej entre--entren ,headnote3 ,,the ,,desire ,,of ,,the ,,true ,,good4 ,,tunc ,,defixo ,,paululu,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;de prose4 ,sidenote3 ,philosophy1 with a serious air1 and appearing to recollect herself1 and to rouse up all her faculties1 thus began4 ,o fastnede she a lytel e syt of hir eyen and widrow hir ryt as it were in to e streite sete of hir #ageb out4 and bygan to speke ryt us4 ,sidenote3 ,all the cares and desires of men seek one end--happiness4 ,alle e cures quod she of mortal folk whiche at trauaylen hem in many manere studies gon certys by diuerse weies4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ae b4 ,but naeles ei enforced hem 99to comen oonly to on #agef ende of blisfulnesse pg #fe ,sidenote3 ,true happiness is that complete good which1 once obtained1 leaves nothing more to be desired4 ,and blysfulnesse is swiche a goode at who so ha geten it he ne may ouer at no ing more desiire4 ,sidenote3 ,it is the sovereign good1 and comprehends all others4 ,it lacks nothing1 otherwise it could not be the supreme good4 and is ing for soe is e souereyne good at conteini in hym self al manere goodes4 to e whiche goode #agfj yif ere failede any ing4 it myte nat ben souereyne goode4 ,for an were ere som goode out of is ilke souereyne goode at myte ben desired4 ,sidenote3 ,happiness is1 therefore1 that perfect state1 in which all other goods meet and centre4 ,now is it clere and certeyne an at blisfulnesse is a perfit estat by e congregacioun #agfd of alle goodes4 ,sidenote3 ,it is the object which all men strive after4 e whiche blisfulnesse as ,i haue seid alle mortal folke enforcen hem to geten by dyuerse weyes4 ,sidenote3 ,a desire of the true good is a natural instinct1 but error misleads them to pursue false joys4 ,for-whi e couetise of verray goode is naturely y-plaunted in e hertys of men4 ,but e #agfh myswandryng errour mysledi hem in to false goodes4 ,sidenote3 ,some1 imagining the supreme good to consist in lacking nothing1 labour for an abundance of riches2 others1 supposing that this good lies in the reverence and esteem of their fellow men1 strive to acquire honourable positions4 of e whiche men some of hem wenen at souereygne goode is to lyue wi outen nede of any ing4 and traueilen hem to ben habundaunt of rycchesse4 #aggb and some oer men demen4 at souerein goode be forto be ryt digne of reuerences4 and enforcen hem to ben reuerenced among hir neybours4 by e honours at ei han ygeten ,sidenote3 ,there are some1 again1 who place it in supreme power1 and seek to rule1 or to be favoured by the ruling powers4 and some folk er ben at halden at #aggf ryt heye power to be souereyn goode4 and enforcen hem forto regnen or ellys to ioignen hem to hem at regnen4 ,sidenote3 ,there are those who fancy fame to be the height of happiness1 and seek by the arts of war or peace to get renown4 ,and it seme to some oer folk at noblesse of renoun be e souerein goode4 and hasten hem to #aghj geten glorious name by e artes of werre or of pees4 ,sidenote3 ,many there are who believe nothing to be better than joy and gladness1 and think it delightful to plunge into luxury4 and many folke mesuren and gessen at souerein goode be ioye and gladnesse and wenen at it be ryt blisful thynge to ploungen hem in uoluptuous delit4 ,sidenote3 ,some there are who use these causes and ends interchangeably1 as those who desire riches as a means of getting power2 or who desire power in order to get money or renown4 ,and #aghd er ben folk at enterchaungen e causes and e endes of ise forseide goodes as ei at desiren rycchesse to pg #ff han power and delices4 ,or ellis ei desiren power forto han moneye or for cause of renoun4 ,sidenote3 ,in all they do they have a particular end in view4 ,in ise inges #aghh and in swyche oer inges is tourned al e entencioun of desirynges and of werkes of men4 ,as us4 ,linenotes3 #agea fastnede--fastnede widrow--,,ms4 widrowen1 ,c4 with drowh #ageb sete--,cyte #agef enforced--enforsen #ageg ,and blysfulnesse--from ,c4 goode--good #ageh so--so at ha--,,ms4 hae #agei souereyne--souereyn #agfj al--alle goode--good #agfa ere--ther failede--faylyde myte--myhte souereyne goode--souereyn good #agfb an--thanne ere--ther goode--good souereyne--souereyn #agfc goode--good myte--myhte #agfd certeyne--certein #agff seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd folke--foolk #agfg goode--good #agfi false--false #aggj souereygne goode is--souereyn good be #agga lyue wi outen--lyuen with owte #aggb rycchesse--,rychesses #aggc some--som goode be--good ben #aggd be--ben #agge neybours--nesshebors #aggf halden--holden #aggg heye--heyh to--omitted goode--good #aghj goode--good #agha or--and #aghb folke--folk goode--good #aghc be--by #aghd thynge--from ,c4 #aghf rycchesse--rychesses #aghg delices--delytes #aghi oer--oothre al--alle #agij of--from ,c4 ,headnote3 ,,friendship ,a ,,sacred ,,thing4 ,sidenote3 ,nobility and popular favour are sought after by some in order to become famous4 ,noblesse and fauour of poeple whiche at iue as it seme a manere clernesse of renoun4 ,sidenote3 ,by others1 wives and children are only desired as sources of pleasure4 and wijf and #agib children at men desiren for cause of delit and mirinesse4 ,sidenote3 ,friendship must not be reckoned among the goods of fortune1 but among those of virtue1 for it is a very sacred thing4 ,but forsoe frendes ne shollen nat ben rekkened among e goodes of fortune but of vertue4 for it is a ful holy manere ing4 ,sidenote3 ,all else are desired either for the power or pleasure they afford4 alle ise oer inges forsoe #agif ben taken for cause of power4 or ellis for cause of delit4 ,sidenote3 ,the goods of the body fall under the same predicament4 ,certis now am ,i redy to referen e goodes of e body to ise forseide inges abouen4 ,sidenote3 ,strength and a good stature seem to give power and worthiness4 ,for it seme at strenge and gretnesse of body euen power and #ahjj worinesse4 ,sidenote3 ,beauty and swiftness give glory and fame2 and health gives delight4 and at beaute and swiftenesse euen noblesse and glorie of renoun4 and hele of body seme iuen delit4 ,sidenote3 ,in all these happiness alone is sought4 ,in alle ise ingus it seme oonly at blisfulnesse is desired4 ,sidenote3 ,what a man most wishes for1 that he esteems the supreme good1 which1 as we have defined1 is happiness4 ,for-whi ilke ing at euery #ahjd man desire moost ouer alle inges4 he demi at be e souereyne goode4 ,but ,i haue diffined at blisfulnesse is e souereyne goode4 for whiche euery wyt demi at ilke estat at he desire ouer alle inges at #ahjh it be e blisfulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,thou hast now before thee a view of human felicity 7falsely so called71 that is1 riches1 honours1 power1 glory1 and delight1 which last ,epicurus considered as the sovereign good4 ,now hast ou an byforne thy eyen almost al e purposed forme of e welfulnesse of mankynde4 at is to seyne rycchesse4 honours4 power4 glorie4 and delit4 e whiche delit oonly considered #ahab ,epicurus ,iuged and establissed4 at delit is e souereyne goode4 for as myche as alle oer inges as hym oute by-refte awey ioie and myre from e herte4 ,sidenote3 ,i now return to the inclinations and pursuits of mankind4 ,but ,i retourne aeyne to e studies of meen4 #ahaf of whiche men e corage alwey rehersi and seeke e pg #fg souereyne goode of alle be it so at it be wi a derke memorie but he not by whiche paath4 ,sidenote3 ,their minds are bent upon the chief good1 and are ever seeking it with a darkened understanding1 like a drunken man1 who cannot find his way home4 ,ryt as a dronke man not nat by whiche pae he may retourne #ahbj home to hys house4 ,sidenote3 ,do they go astray who strive to keep themselves from want8 ,seme it anne at folk folyen and erren at enforcen hem to haue nede of no ing ,linenotes3 #agid shollen--sholden #agie e--tho #agif oer--oothre #ahja swiftenesse--sweftnesse #ahjc iuen--,,ms4 iue1 ,c4 yeuen #ahjf1 #ahjg souereyne goode--souereyn good #ahjg whiche--whych #ahji e--omitted an byforne--thanne byforn #ahaj thy eyen--from ,c42 ,,ms4 has euen aeyne almost--almest welfulnesse--welefulnesse #ahaa seyne rycchesse--seyn ,rychesses #ahad souereyne goode--souereyn good myche--moche oer--oothre #ahae oute--thowhte from--fram #ahaf aeyne--ayein #ahah souereyne goode--souereyn good of--omitted alle--al derke--dirkyd #ahai but----paath--from ,c4 #ahbj dronke--dronken pae--paath #ahba home--hym ,headnote3 ,,all ,,seek ,,the ,,chief ,,good4 ,sidenote3 ,by no means4 ,no state is happier than that in which a man is above want1 and independent of others4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #af4 ,certys er nys non oer ing at may so weel perfourny blisfulnesse as an estat plenteuous 99of alle #ahbd goodes at ne ha nede of none oer ing4 but at it is suffisant of hym self4 vnto hym self4 ,sidenote3 ,are they guilty of folly that seek esteem and reverence8 and foleyen swyche folk anne4 at wenen at ilk ing at is ryt goode4 at it be eke ryt wori of honour and of #ahbh reuerence4 ,sidenote3 ,no2 for that is not contemptible for which all men strive4 ,certis nay4 for at ing nys neyer foule ne wori to ben dispised at al e entencioun of mortel folke trauaille forto geten it4 ,sidenote3 ,is not power to be reckoned amongst desirable goods8 ,and power aute nat at eke to be rekened amonges goodes ,sidenote3 ,why not8 ,for that is not an insignificant good which invests a man with authority and command4 what ellis4 #ahcb for it nys nat to wene at ilke ing at is most wori of alle inges be feble and wi out strenge and clernesse of renoun aute at to ben dispised4 ,sidenote3 ,fame also is to be regarded1 for everything excellent is also shining and renowned4 ,certys er may no man forsake at al ing at is ryt excellent #ahcf and noble4 at it ne seme to be ryt clere and renomed4 ,sidenote3 ,we hardly need say that happiness is not an unjoyous and melancholy state1 for in the pursuit of the smallest matters men seek only pleasure4 ,for certis it nedi nat to seie4 at blisfulnesse be anguissous ne dreri ne subgit to greuances ne to sorwes4 syn at in ryt litel ingus folk seken to #ahdj haue and to vsen at may deliten hem4 ,sidenote3 ,hence it is that mankind seek riches1 c41 because by them they hope to get independence1 honour1 c4 ,certys ise ben e inges at men wolen and desyren to geten4 and for is cause desiren ei rycches4 dignites4 regnes4 glorie and delices ,for erby wenen ei to han suffisaunce #ahdd honour power4 renoun and gladnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,however varied their desires1 happiness is their sole pursuit4 anne is it goode4 at men seken us by so many dyuerse studies4 ,in whiche desijr it may lytly be shewed4 how grete is e strenge of nature4 pg #fh ,sidenote3 ,however various men's opinions are respecting happiness1 all agree in pursuing it as the end of their actions and desires4 ,for how so at #ahdh men han dyuerse sentences and discordyng algates men accordyn alle in lyuynge e ende of goode4 ,linenotes3 #ahbc perfourny--performe #ahbe ha--,,ms4 hae none--non #ahbg ilk--thilke #ahbh goode--good #ahbi foule--fowl #ahcj al--welneyh alle #ahca trauaille--trauaylen aute--owhte #ahcb be--ben #ahcd out--owte #ahce aute--owhte #ahcf al--alle #ahcg be--ben clere--cleer #ahdc rycches--,rychesses #ahdf goode--good #ahdg be--ben #ahdh grete--gret #ahdi algates--,allegates #ahej goode--good ,headnote3 ,,of ,,nature',s ,,laws4 ,q,,ua,,ntas ,,rer,,um ,,flectat4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;de ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,i will now sing of ,nature's laws1 by which the universe is governed4 ,,it like me to shewe by subtil songe wi slakke and delitable soun of strenges how at nature myty encline #aheb and flitte gouernement of inges and by whiche lawes she purueiable kepi e grete worlde4 and how she bindynge restreine alle ingus by a bonde at may nat be vnbounden4 ,sidenote3 j ,sidenote3 ,the ,punic lion submits to man1 and dreads the keeper's lash2 yet1 if he once taste blood1 his savage instincts revive1 and his keeper falls a victim to his fury4 ,al be it so at e liouns of #ahef e contree of pene beren e faire cheines4 and taken metes of e handes of folk at euen it hem4 and dreden her sturdy maystres of whiche ei ben wont to suffren betinges4 yif at hir horrible moues ben bi-bled4 #ahfj at is to sein of bestes devoured4 ,hir corage of tyme passe at ha ben ydel and rested4 repaire aein at ei roren greuously4 and remembren on hir nature4 and slaken hir nekkes from hir cheins vnbounden4 #ahfd and hir maistre first to-teren wi blody toe assaie e woode wraes of hem4 is is to sein ei freten hir maister4 ,sidenote3 ij ,sidenote3 ,if the caged bird though daintily fed1 gets a sight of the pleasant grove where she was wont to sing1 she will spurn her food1 and pine for the beloved woods4 ,and e ,iangland brid at syngi on e heye braunches4 is is to sein in e wode and #ahfh after is inclosed in a streit cage4 al ou at e pleiyng besines of men eue hem honiede drinkes and large metes4 wi swete studie4 it naeles yif ilke brid skippynge oute of hir streite cage see e #ahgb agreable shadewes of e wodes4 she defoule wi hir fete hir metes yshad and seke mournyng oonly e wode and twitri desirynge e wode wi hir swete voys4 ,sidenote3 iij ,sidenote3 ,the sapling1 bent down by a mighty hand1 will resume its natural position as soon as the restraining force is removed4 e erde of a tree at is haled adoun by myty #ahgf strenge bowi redely e croppe adoun4 but yif at e pg #fi hande of hym at it bente lat it gon aein4 ,an oon e crop loke vp ryt to heuene4 ,sidenote3 iiij ,sidenote3 ,though the sun sets in the western main at eve1 yet by a secret path he takes his wonted journey toward the east4 e sonne phebus at faille at euene in e westrene wawes retorni aein #ahhj eftsones his cart by a priue pae ere as it is wont aryse4 ,sidenote3 ,all things pursue their proper course1 obedient to the source of order4 ,alle inges seken aein in to hir propre cours4 and alle inges reioisen hem of hir retournynge aein to hir nature ne noon ordinaunce nis bytaken to #ahhd inges but at4 ,sidenote3 ,hence1 throughout the world entire stability is found1 for all things1 having fulfilled their appointed course1 return from whence they came4 at ha ioignynge e endynge to e bygynnynge4 and ha makid e cours of it self stable at it chaunge nat from hys propre kynde4 ,linenotes3 #ahea shewe--shewe #ahed whiche--,,ms4 swiche1 ,c4 whyche worlde--world #ahef be--ben vnbounden--vnbownde #aheg faire--fayre #ahfj betinges--from ,c4 #ahfb passe--passed #ahfd from--fram vnbounden--vnbownde #ahfe to-teren--to-torn toe--toth #ahfg ,iangland--,iangelynge #ahfi streit--streyht #ahgj pleiyng--,,ms4 pleinyng1 ,c4 pleyynge besines--bysynesse honiede--honyede #ahgb oute--owt #ahgc agreable--agreables #ahgd fete--feet #ahge twitri--twiterith #ahgg croppe--crop #ahgh hande--hand bente--bent #ahhj faille--falleth #ahha cart--carte a--omitted pae--paath #ahhc of--,,ms4 of of #ahhe ha--,,ms4 hae ioignynge--,ioyned #ahhf ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,the ,,search ,,after ,,felicity4 ,,vosq,,ue ,,terrena ,,animalia4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de prose4 ,sidenote3 ,o earthly animals1 you have an indistinct perception of your beginning1 and you have ever the true end of felicity in view1 but your natural instincts are perverted by many errors4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #af b4 99,c,ertis also e men at ben ereliche bestes dremen #ahhh alwey yowre bygynnynge al ou it be wi a inne ymaginacioun4 and by a maner out al be it nat clerly ne perfitly e looken from a fer til ilk #ahia verray fyn of blisfulnesse4 and erfore e naturel entencioun lede ow to ilk verray good ,but many manere errours mistourni ow er fro4 ,sidenote3 ,can men obtain the end they have in view by the means they usually employ in the pursuit of happiness8 ,considere now yif at be ilke inges by whiche a man weni to gete hym blysfulnesse4 yif at he may comen #ahif to ilke ende at he wene to come by nature ,sidenote3 ,if riches and honours and the like make men happy1 so that they shall want for nothing1 then happiness may be procured by these acquisitions4 ,for yif at moneye or honours or ise oer forseide inges bryngen to men swiche a ing at no goode ne faille hem4 ne seme faille4 ,certys an wil ,i graunte #aijj at ei ben maked blisful4 by ilke inges at ei han geten4 ,sidenote3 ,but if these things cannot make good what they promise1 if there still be something to be desired1 then they are delusions1 and the felicity after all is a counterfeit4 but yif so be at ilke inges ne mowe nat perfourmen at ei by-heten and at er be defaute of many goodes4 ,shewe it nat an clerely at fals #aijd beaute of blisfulnesse is knowe and a-teint in ilke inges4 ,first and forward ou i self at haddest haboundaunces of rycchesses nat long agon4 pg #gj ,sidenote3 ,in your prosperity were you never annoyed by some wrong or grievance8 ,i axe if at in e haboundaunce of alle ilke rycchesses #aijh ou were neuer anguissous or sory in i corage of any wrong or greuaunce at by-tidde e on any syde4 ,linenotes3 #ahhi yowre bygynnynge--from ,c4 al--,,ms4 as1 ,c4 ,al #ahia from--fram til ilk--to thylke #ahib e--omitted #ahic ilk--thylke #ahie be--by #ahif gete--geten #ahii swiche--swych goode--good #aijj wil--wole graunte--graunte #aijd many--manye clerely--clerly fals--false #aije knowe--knowen #aijh ilke--thylke ,headnote3 ,,none ,,are ,,free ,,from ,,care4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i must confess that ,i cannot remember ever being wholly free from some trouble or other4 ,certys quod ,i it remembre me nat at euere ,i was so free of my out4 at ,i ne was al-wey in anguyshe of #aiab somwhat4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,that was because something was absent which you did desire1 or something present which you would fain be quit of4 at was at ou lakkedest at ou noldest han lakked4 or ellys ou haddest at ou noldest han had4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that's quite true4 ryt so is it quod ,i an4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then you did desire the presence of the one and the absence of the other8 desiredest ou e presence of at oon and e absence of at oer4 #aiaf ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i confess ,i did4 ,i graunte wel quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,every man is in need of what he desires4 for soe quod she an nedi er somwhat at euery man desire4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,certainly he is4 e er nedi quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if a man lack anything can he be supremely happy8 ,certis quod she and he at ha lakke or nede of a wyt nis nat in euery way suffisaunt to hym self4 #aibj ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no4 no quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,did you not in your abundance want for somewhat8 and ou quod she in alle e plente of i rycchesse haddest ilke lak of suffisaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what then if ,i did8 what ellis quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it follows that riches cannot put a man beyond all want1 although this was what they seemed to promise4 anne may nat rycchesse maken at a man nis nedy4 ne at he be suffisaunt to hym self4 and #aibd at was it at ei byhyten as it seme4 ,sidenote3 ,money may part company with its owner1 however unwilling he may be to lose it4 and eke certys ,i trowe at is be gretly to consydere at moneye ne ha nat in hys owen kynde at it ne may ben by-nomen of hem at han it maugre hem4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i confess that's true4 ,i by-knowe #aibh it wel quod ,i ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it ought to be confessed when every day we see might prevailing over right4 whi sholdest ou nat by-knowen it quod she4 whan euery day e strenger folke by-nymen it fram e febler maugre hem4 ,sidenote3 ,from whence springs so much litigation1 but from this1 that men seek to recover their own of which they have been unjustly deprived8 ,fro whennes comen ellys alle ise foreine compleintes or quereles of #aicb pletyngus4 ,but for at men axen aeine her moneye at ha be by-nomen hem by force or by gyle4 and alwey maugre hem4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,nothing is more true4 ,ryt so it is quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then a man needs the assistance of others in order to keep his riches4 an quod she ha a man nede to seken hym foreyne helpe by #aicf whiche he may defende hys moneye4 who may say nay quod 4,i4 ,linenotes3 #aiac at----lakkedest--,and was nat at quod she for at the lacked som-what #aiae had--,,ms4 hadde1 ,c4 had #aiag graunte--graunte #aiai ha--,,ms4 hae a wyt--awht #aiba alle--al #aibb rycchesse--,rychesses lak--lakke #aibc rycchesse--,rychesses #aibg ha--,,ms4 hae owen--owne #aicj strenger folke by-nymen--strengere folk by-nemyn #aica fram--fro febler--febelere ,fro--for #aicc aeine--ayeyn #aicd ha--,,ms4 hae be--ben #aicf ha--,,ms4 hae helpe--help #aicg say--sey pg #ga ,headnote3 ,,riches ,,bring ,,anxieties4 ,sidenote3 ,if he had no money to lose he would not stand in need of this help8 ,certis quod she and hym nedi no helpe yif he ne hadde no moneye at he myte leese4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that is beyond all doubt4 at is doutles quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then the very reverse of what was expected 7from riches7 takes place8 ,for riches add to a man's necessities4 anne is is ing turned in to e contrarie #aidj quod she ,for rycchesse at men wenen sholde make suffisaunce4 ei maken a man raer han nede of foreine helpe4 ,sidenote3 ,tell me how do riches drive away necessity8 ,are not rich men liable to hunger1 thirst1 and cold8 whiche is e manere or e gise quod she at rycches may dryuen awey nede4 ,riche folk #aidd may ei neier han hungre ne rest4 ise ryche men may ei feele no colde on hir lymes in wynter4 ,sidenote3 ,you will say that the rich have wherewithal to satisfy these wants4 ,but ou wilt answere at ryche men han y-nou wher wi ei may staunchen her hunger4 and slaken her rest #aidh and don awey colde4 ,sidenote3 ,by riches indigence may be alleviated1 but they cannot satisfy every want4 ,in is wise may nede be conforted by rycchesses4 but certys nede ne may nat al outerly be don awey4 ,sidenote3 ,even if gaping and greedy necessity be filled with riches1 yet some cravings will remain4 for ou is nede at is alwey gapyng and gredy be fulfilled wi rycchesses4 and axe #aieb any ing it dwelle anne a nede at myte ben fulfilled4 ,sidenote3 ,a little suffices for nature1 but avarice never has enough4 ,i holde me stille and telle nat how at litel ing suffise to nature4 but certys to auarice ynou ne suffise no inge4 ,sidenote3 ,if riches1 then1 add to our wants1 why should you think that they can supply all your necessities8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ag4 99 ,for syn at rychesse ne may nat #aief al don awey nede4 but rychesse maken nede4 what may it anne be at e wenen at rychesses mowen euen ow suffisaunce4 ,linenotes3 #aich nedi no helpe--nedede non help #aici myte--myhte #aidj doutles--dowteles #aida rycchesse--,rychesses #aidc helpe--help whiche--whych #aidd rycches--,rychesse dryuen--dryue #aide hungre--hungyr rest--thurst #aidf ei--the colde--coold in--on #aidg wilt answere--wolt ,answeren y-nou--y-now #aidh rest--thurst #aidi colde--coold #aiej nat--omitted #aiea outerly--vtrely #aiec myte ben--myhte be #aieg rychesse--,rychesses ,,quamuis ,,fluenter ,,diues4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,the rich man1 had he a river of gold1 would never rest content4 ,al were it so at a ryche couetous man hadde riuer #aifj fletynge alle of golde itte sholde it neuer staunche hys couetise4 ,sidenote3 ,though his neck be loaded with precious pearls1 and his fields be covered with innumerable herds1 yet shall unquiet care never forsake him2 and at his death his riches shall not bear him company4 ,and ou he hadde his nekke ,i-charged wi preciouse stones of e rede see4 and ou he do erye his feldes plentiuous wi an hundre oxen neuere #aifd ne shal his bytyng bysynesse forleten hym while he lyue4 ne e lyte rychesses ne shal nat beren hym pg #gb compaignie whanne he is dede4 ,linenotes3 #aifj riuer--a ,ryuer #aifa alle--al golde--gold itte--yit staunche--staunchyn #aifb1 #aifc ou--thow #aifd erye--,ere hundre--hundred #aife while--whyl #aiff lyte--lyhte shal--shol #aifg dede--ded ,headnote3 ,,of ,,dignities4 ,,set ,,dignitatib,,us4#d ,footnote #d3 ,read dignitates4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,it may be said that dignities confer honour on their possessors4 ,bvt dignitees to whom ei ben comen make ei hym #aifh honorable and reuerent4 ,sidenote3 ,but have they power to destroy vice or implant virtue in the heart8 han ei nat so grete strenge at ei may putte vertues in e hertis of folk4 at vsen e lordshipes of hem4 or ellys may ei don awey e vices4 ,sidenote3 ,so far from expelling vicious habits1 they only render them more conspicuous4 ,certys ei ne ben nat wont to don awey wikkednesses4 #aigb but ei ben wont raer to shewen wikkednesses4 ,sidenote3 ,hence arises the indignation when we see dignities given to wicked men4 and er of come it at ,i haue ryt grete desdeyne4 at dignites ben euen ofte to wicked men4 ,sidenote3 ,hence ,catullus' resentment against ,nonius1 whom he calls the botch1 or impostume of the ,state4 ,for whiche ing catullus clepid a consul of ,rome at #aigf hyt nonius postum4 or boch4 as who sei he clepi hym a congregacioun of uices in his brest as a postum is ful of corrupcioun4 al were is nonius set in a chayere of dignitee4 ,sidenote3 ,the deformities of wicked men would be less apparent if they were in more obscure situations4 ,sest ou nat an how gret vylenye #aihj dignitees don to wikked men4 ,certys vnworines of wikked men sholde ben e lasse ysen yif ei nere renomed of none honours4 ,sidenote3 ,would you free yourself from peril by accepting a magistracy along with ,decoratus a buffoon and informer8 ,certys ou i self ne mytest nat ben brout wi as many perils as ou #aihd mytest suffren at ou woldest bere i magistrat wi decorat4 at is to seyn4 at for no peril at myte bifallen e by e offence of e kyng theodorik ou noldest nat ben felawe in gouernaunce with decorat4 whanne #aihh ou saye at he hadde wikkid corage of a likerous shrewe and of an acusor4 ,sidenote3 ,honours do not render undeserving persons worthy of esteem4 ,ne ,i ne may nat for swiche honours ,iugen hem wori of reuerence at ,i deme and holde vnwori to han ilke same honours4 ,sidenote3 ,if you find a man endowed with wisdom you deem him worthy of respect and of the wisdom which he professes4 ,now yif #aiib ou saie a man at were fulfilled of wisdom4 certys ou ne mytest nat demen at he were vnwori to e pg #gc honour4 or ellys to e wisdom of whiche he is fulfilled4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i could not do otherwise4 ,no quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,virtue has her proper worth1 which she ever transfers to her votaries4 ,certys dignitees quod she appertienen #aiif properly to vertue4 and uertue transporte dignite anon to ilke man to whiche she hir self is conioigned4 ,linenotes3 #aifi make--maken #aifi grete--gret #aigb ne--from ,c4 ben--be #aigb1 #aigc wikkednesses--wykkydnesse #aigc to--omitted shewen--shewen #aigd come--comth grete desdeyne--gret desdaign #aigf whiche--which #aigg hyt--hyhte nonius--,,ms4 vonnus1 ,c4 nomyus boch--,,ms4 boe1 ,c4 boch clepi--clepyd #aigi nonius--,,ms4 uonnus1 ,c4 nomyus set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set #aihj ,sest ou--,sesthow an--thanne vylenye--fylonye #aiha vnworines--vnworthynesse #aihb ben--be ysen--,,ms4 ysene1 ,c4 ,i-sene #aihd many--manye #aihe bere--beren #aihf myte--myhte #aihg e 7#b7--omitted #aihh whanne--whan #aihi saye--saye hadde--hadde #aiid demen--deme #aiie whiche--which #aiif quod she--omitted #aiig vertue--vertu uertue--vertu #aiih whiche--whych ,headnote3 ,,dignities ,,appertain ,,to ,,virtue4 ,sidenote3 ,honours conferred by the populace do not make men worthy of them1 for they have no intrinsic merit to bestow4 ,and for as moche as honours of poeple ne may nat maken folk digne of honour4 it is wel seyn clerly at #bjjj ei ne han no propre beaute of dignite4 ,and it men auten take more hede in is4 ,sidenote3 ,dignities conferred upon shrews only make their vices the more conspicuous4 ,for if it so be at he is most out cast at most folk dispisen4 or as dignite ne may nat maken shrewes wori of no reuerences4 an #bjjd make dignites shrewes more dispised an preised4 e whiche shrewes dignite schewe to moche folk ,sidenote3 ,nor do dignities themselves escape without injury2 for worthless men take their revenge upon them1 and defile them by their contagious villanies4 and for soe nat vnpunissed4 at is forto sein4 at shrewes reuengen hem aeinward vpon dignites4 for ei elden #bjjh aein to dignites as gret gerdoun whan ei byspotten and defoulen dignites wi hire vylenie4 ,sidenote3 ,these shadowy honours have nothing in their nature to procure respect2 for if a man1 having borne the honours of the consulate1 should go among barbarians would this honour gain him their respect8 ,and for as moche as ou mowe knowe at ilke verray reuerence ne may nat comen by e shadewy transitorie dignitees4 #bjab vndirstonde now is4 yif at a man hadde vsed and hadde many manere dignites of consules and were comen perauenture amonges straunge naciouns4 sholde ilke honour maken hym worshipful and redouted of #bjaf straunge folk ,sidenote3 ,if respect were an attribute of honour it would infallibly bring esteem everywhere1 just as heat is ever an attribute of fire4 ,certys yif at honour of poeple were a naturel ifte to dignites4 it ne myte neuer cesen nowher amonges no maner folke to done hys office4 ,linenotes3 #bjjj clerly--,,ms4 clerkly1 ,c4 clerly #bjjb auten----hede--owhten taken mor heed #bjjb-c ,for----dignite--,for yif so be at a wykkyd whyght be so mochel the fowlere and the moore owt cast at he is despised of most folk so as dignete #bjjd-bjjg maken----soe--maken shrewes digne of ,reuerence the whych shrewes dignete sheweth to moche foolk thanne makith dignete shrewes rather so moche more despised than preysed and forsothe #bjjh elden--yilden #bjji byspotten--by-spetten #bjaj hire--hyr #bjaa moche--mochel mowe--mowe #bjab e shadewy--thyse shadwye #bjac vndirstonde--vndyrstond is--thus #bjad hadde--had #bjah ifte--yift #bjai folke--foolk done--don ,headnote3 ,,dignities ,,do ,,confer ,,esteem4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ag b4 ,ryt as fire in euery contre ne stinte nat to #bjbj enchaufen and 99to ben hote4 ,sidenote3 ,honours arise from the false opinions of men1 and vanish when they come among those who do not esteem them1 that is1 among foreign nations4 but for as myche as forto be holden honorable or reuerent ne come nat to folk of hir propre strenge of nature4 but only of e false pg #gd opinioun of folk4 at is to sein4 at wenen at dignites #bjbd maken folk digne of honour4 ,an on erfore whan at ei comen er as folk ne knowen nat ilke dignites4 her honours vanissen awey and at on oon4 but at is a-mong straung folk4 maist ou sein4 ,sidenote3 ,do they always endure in those places that gave birth to them8 but amongus #bjbh hem at ei weren born duren ilke dignites alwey4 ,sidenote3 ,the ,prtorate was once a great honour1 but now it is only an empty name and a heavy expense4 ,certys e dignite of e prouostrie of ,rome was somtyme a grete power4 now is it no ing but an ydel name4 and e rente of e senatorie a gret charge4 #bjcb ,sidenote3 ,what is more vile than the office of the superintendency of provisions8 and yif a whit somtyme hadde e office to taken hede to e vitailes of e poeple as of corne and what oer inges he was holden amonges grete4 but what ing is more nowe out cast anne ilke prouostrie ,sidenote3 ,that which hath no innate beauty must lose its splendour or value according as popular opinion varies concerning it4 ,and as ,i haue #bjcf seid a litel here byforne4 at ilke ing at ha no propre beaute of hym self resceyue somtyme pris and shinynge and somtyme lesi it by e opinioun of vsaunces4 ,sidenote3 ,if dignities cannot confer esteem1 if they become vile through filthy shrews1 if they lose their lustre by the change of times1 if they become worthless by the change of popular opinion1 what beauty do they possess which should make them desirable1 or what dignity can they confer on others8 ,now yif at dignites anne ne mowen #bjdj nat maken folk digne of reuerence4 and yif at dignites wexen foule of hir wille by e file of shrewes4 and yif at dignites lesen hir shynynge by chaungyng of tymes4 and yif ei wexen foule by estimacioun of #bjdd poeple4 what is it at ei han in hem self of beaute at aute ben desired4 as who sei none4 anne ne mowen ei iuen no beaute of dignite to none oer4 ,linenotes3 #bjbj enchaufen--eschaufen #bjba myche--mochel #bjbb be--ben #bjbc false--false #bjbd at 7#b7--omitted #bjbg her--hyr vanissen--vanesshen #bjbh a-mong--amonges straung--straunge but--ne #bjbi at--ther duren ilke--ne duren nat thylke #bjcj somtyme--whylom #bjca grete--gret #bjcb e 7#b7--omitted #bjcc somtyme--whylom e--,,ms4 e e #bjcd corne--corn what--omitted #bjce more nowe--now more #bjcf cast--,,ms4 caste1 ,c4 cast #bjcg seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd here byforne--her by-forn ha--,,ms4 hae #bjdb file--felthe #bjdc at--omitted #bjdf aute--owhte none--non #bjdg ei--,,ms4 e1 ,c4 they none--non ,,qua,m,,uis ,,se ,,tirio4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,nero1 though invested with the purple and adorned with pearls1 was hated by all men4 ,al be it so at e proude nero wi al his woode luxurie #bjdh kembed hym and apparailed hym wi faire purpers of ,tirie and wi white perles4 ,algates itte throf he hateful to alle folk is is to seyn at al was he by-hated pg #ge of alle folk4 ,sidenote3 ,yet he had lordship1 and gave to the senators the dishonoured seats of dignity4 itte is wicked ,nero hadde gret #bjeb lordship and af somtyme to e dredeful senatours e vnworshipful setes of dignites4 vnworshipful setes he clepi here fore at ,nero at was so wikked af o dignites4 ,sidenote3 ,who then can think that felicity resides in honours given by vicious shrews8 who wolde anne resonably wenen at blysfulnesse #bjef were in swiche honours as ben euen by vicious shrewes4 ,linenotes3 #bjdh al 7#b7--;alle #bjdi kembed--kembde apparailed--,,ms4 apparailen1 ,c4 a-paraylede #bjej itte--yit #bjec lordship--lorshippe af somtyme--yaf whylom dredeful--reuerenc #bjee fore--for af--yaf ,headnote3 ,,kingdoms ,,do ,,not ,,make ,a ,,man ,,mighty4 ,,an ,,uero ,,regna4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ethe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do kingdoms and a familiarity with princes make a man mighty8 ,bvt regnes and familarites of kynges may ei maken a man to ben myty4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,why should they not if they are durable8 how ellys4 whanne hir #bjfj blysfulnesse dure perpetuely ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,past ages1 as well as the present1 furnish us with many examples of princes who have met with dismal reverses of fortune4 but certys e olde age of tyme passe4 and eke of present tyme now is ful of ensaumples how at kynges at han chaunged in to wrechednesse out of hir welefulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,o then how noble and glorious a thing is power that is too weak to preserve itself6 ,o a noble ing #bjfd and a cler ing is power at is nat founden myty to kepe it self4 ,sidenote3 ,if dominion brings felicity1 then misery will follow if it be defective4 ,and yif at power of realmes be auctour and maker of blisfulnesse4 yif ilke power lakke on any side4 amenusi it nat ilke blisfulnesse and brynge #bjfh in wrechednesse4 ,sidenote3 ,but human rule has its limits1 therefore wherever power ceases there impotence enters1 bringing misery along with it4 but yif al be it so at realmes of mankynde stretchen broode4 it mot er nede ben myche folk ouer whiche at euery kyng ne ha no lordshipe no comaundement and certys vpon ilke syde at #bjgb power faille whiche at maki folk blisful4 ryt on at same side nounpower entri vndirne at make hem wreches4 ,sidenote3 ,kings1 therefore1 have a larger portion of misery than of felicity4 ,in is manere anne moten kynges han more porcioun of wrechednesse an of welefulnesse4 #bjgf ,linenotes3 #bjfj myty--,,ms4 vnmyty1 ,c4 myhty #bjfb passe--passed of 7#b7--omitted #bjfc kynges at han--kynges ben #bjff kepe--kepen #bjfg maker--makere #bjfi yif--yit realmes--the ,reaumes #bjgj stretchen--strechchen myche--moche #bjga ha--,,ms4 hae #bjgc whiche--whych #bjgd vndirne--vndyr-nethe ,headnote3 ,,power ,,does ,,not ,,drive ,,away ,,care4 ,sidenote3 ,dionysius of ,sicily1 conscious of this condition1 exhibited the fears and cares of royalty by the terror of a naked sword hanging over the head of his friend and flatterer ,damocles4 ,a tyraunt at was kyng of sisile at hadde assaied e peril of his estat shewide by similitude e dredes of realmes by gastnesse of a swerde at heng ouer e heued of his familier4 ,sidenote3 ,what then is this thing called ,power1 which cannot do away with care or fear8 what ing is an is power at #bjhj may nat don awey e bytynges of besines ne eschewe pg #gf e prikkes of drede4 ,sidenote3 ,men would live in security but cannot1 and yet they glory in their power4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ah4 and certys it wolden ei lyuen 99in sykernesse4 but ei may nat4 and it ei glorifien hem in her power ,sidenote3 ,is he powerful who cannot do what he wishes8 ,holdest ou an at ilke man #bjhd be myty at ou seest at he wolde don at he may nat don4 ,sidenote3 ,is he a mighty man who goes surrounded with an armed guard1 to terrify those whom he himself fears1 and whose power depends solely upon his numerous retinue8 ,and holdest ou an hym a myty man at ha environed hise sydes wi men of armes or seruauntes and drede more hem at he make agast4 #bjhh en ei dreden hym4 and at is put in e handes of hise seruaunt4 for he sholde seme myty but of familiers or seruaunt of kynges4 ,sidenote3 ,why need ,i enlarge upon the favourites of princes having thus displayed the imbecility of kings6 what sholde ,i telle e any ing4 syn at ,i my self haue shewed e at realmes #bjib hem self ben ful of gret feblenesse4 ,sidenote3 ,their prosperity is affected by the caprice of their fortunate masters as well as by the adversity to which they are incident4 e whiche familiers certis e real power of kynges in hool estat and in estat abated ful ofte rowe adoun4 ,sidenote3 ,nero only allowed his master ,seneca to choose the manner of his death4 ,nero constreinede his familier and his maistre seneca to chesen on what #bjif dee he wolde deien4 ,sidenote3 ,antonius 7,caracalla7 commanded ,papinian to be slain by the swords of his soldiers4 ,antonius comaundide at knytis slowen wi her swerdis ,papinian his familier whiche ,papinian hadde ben long tyme ful myty a-monges hem of e courte4 ,sidenote3 ,yet both would have given up all they possessed4 and it certis ei wolde boe #bajj han renounced her power4 ,sidenote3 ,seneca begged for poverty and exile4 ,but relentless fortune precipitated them to destruction1 and did not permit them to choose their fate4 of whiche two senek enforcede hym to iuen to ,nero his rychesses4 and also to han gon in to solitarie exil4 ,but whan e grete weyt4 at is to sein of lordes power or of fortune #bajd drawe hem at sholden falle4 neyer of hem ne myte do at he wolde4 ,sidenote3 ,what then is ,power1 which terrifies its possessors1 and which cannot be got rid of at pleasure8 what ing is anne ilke power at ou men han it at ei ben agast4 and whan ou woldest han it ou nart nat siker4 ,and #bajh yif ou woldest forleten it ou mayst nat eschewen it4 ,sidenote3 ,no advantage is to be gained by friendship based on prosperity instead of virtue4 ,but wheir swiche men ben frendes at nede as ben conseiled by fortune and nat by vertue4 ,sidenote3 ,adversity will turn this sort of friendship into enmity4 ,and what greater plague can there be than the enmity of thy familiar friend8 ,certys swiche folk as weleful fortune make frendes4 contrarious fortune pg #gg make hem enmyse4 ,and what pestilence is #baac more myty forto anoye a wit an a familier enemy4 ,linenotes3 #bjgg hadde--hadde #bjgh shewide--shewede #bjgi realmes--,reaumes swerde--swerd heng--,,ms4 henge1 ,c4 heng #bjha besines--bysynesse #bjhc it--yif glorifien--gloryfye #bjhd ilke--thylke #bjhg ha--,,ms4 hae environed--enuyrownede #bjhh hem--from ,c4 #bjhi en--than #bjia or--from ,c4 #bjib realmes--,reames #bjic feblenesse--feblesse #bjid real--,ryal #bjie ofte--from ,c4 constreinede--constreynede #bjif his 7#a7--;hyr seneca--,senek #bjig comaundide--comaundede #bjih her--hyr #bjii whiche--which hadde ben long--at hadde ben longe #bajj courte--court wolde--wolden #baja two--from ,c4 enforcede--enforcede #bajb iuen--yeuen his--hyse #bajd weyt--weyhte #baje sholden--sholen #bajf myte--myhte ,headnote3 ,,glory ,,is ,,deceptive4 ,,qui ,,se ,,ualet#e ,,esse ,,potentem4 ,footnote #e3 ,read uolet ,sidenote3 ,the #ethe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,he who would obtain sovereign power must obtain conquest over himself1 and not yield to his passions4 ,who so wolde ben myty he mot daunten hys cruel corage4 ne putte nat his nekke ouercomen vndir #baaf e foule reines of lecherie4 ,sidenote3 ,though your dominion extended from ,india to ,thule1 yet if thou art tormented by care thou hast no real power4 for al be it so at i lordshipe strecche so fer at e contre ,inde quaki at i comaundement4 or at i lawes4 and at e leest isle in e see at hyt tile be ral to e it yif ou mayst #babj nat puten awey i foule derke desijres and dryuen oute fro e wreched compleyntes4 ,certis it nis no power at ou hast4 ,linenotes3 #baae wolde ben--wole be #baaf putte--putte #baag lordshipe--lordshype #baai comaundement--comaundement leest isle--last ,ile #babj hyt--hyhte #baba puten--putten derke--dyrke #babb oute--owt ,headnote3 ,,gentility ,,is ,,foreign ,,to ,,renown4 ,,gloria ,,uero ,,qua,m ,,fallax4 ,sidenote3 ,the #fthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,how deceptive and deformed a thing is glory6 ,well did the ,tragedian exclaim-- 1 1 for the undeserving have been crowned with glory and renown by popular and erring opinion4 ,bvt glorie how deceiuable and how foule is it ofte4 for #babd whiche ing nat vnskilfully a tregedien at is to sein a maker of dites at hyten tregedies criede and seide4 ,o glorie glorie quod he4 ou nart no ing ellys to ousandes of folkes4 but a gret sweller of eres4 #babh for manye han had ful gret renoun by e false oppinioun of poeple4 ,sidenote3 ,what can be more infamous than renoun founded on the prejudices of the vulgar8 and what ing may ben out fouler en swiche preisynge ,sidenote3 ,those that are undeservedly praised ought to blush for shame4 for ilke folk at ben preised falsly4 ei moten nedes han shame of hir preisynges4 #bacb ,sidenote3 ,if a wise man gets well-merited praise it does not add to his felicity4 and yif at folk han geten hem ank or preysyng by her desertes4 what ing ha ilk pris echid or encresed to e conscience of wise folk at mesuren hire good4 not by e rumour of e poeple4 but by e soefastnesse #bacf of conscience4 ,sidenote3 ,if it be a good thing to spread abroad one's fame1 it must be dishonourable not to do so4 and yif it seme a fair ing a man to han encresid and sprad his name4 an folwe it4 at it is demed to ben a foule inge yif it ne be pg #gh ysprad ne encresed4 ,sidenote3 ,but a good name cannot penetrate everywhere1 and the most illustrious names must be unknown to the greatest part of the world4 but as ,i seide a litel her byforne4 #badj at syn er mot nedes ben many folk to whiche folk e renoun of a man ne may nat comen4 it byfalle at he at ou wenest be glorious and renomed4 semi in e nexte parties of e ere to ben wi out glorie4 and wi #badd out renoun4 ,sidenote3 ,the favour of the people is worth but little as it is seldom judicious and never permanent4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ah b4 and certis amonges ise inges ,i ne trowe nat at e pris and grace of e poeple nis neier wori 99to ben remembrid ne come of wise iugement4 ne is ferm perdurably4 ,sidenote3 ,how empty and transitory are titles of nobility6 ,but now of is name of gentilesse4 #badh what man is it at ne may wel seen how veyne and how flittyng a ing it is4 ,sidenote3 ,gentility is wholly foreign to renown1 and to those who boast of noble birth4 ,for if e name of gentilesse be referred to renoun and clernesse of linage4 an is gentil name but a foreine ing4 at is to sein to #baeb hem at glorifien hem of hir linage4 ,sidenote3 ,nobility is fame derived from the merits of one's ancestors4 ,for it seme at gentilesse be a maner preysynge at come of decert of auncestres4 ,sidenote3 ,if praise can give nobility they are noble who are praised4 ,and yif preysynge make gentilesse an moten ei nedes be gentil at ben preysed4 #baef ,sidenote3 ,then if thou hast no nobility of thy own1 thou canst not derive any splendour from the merits of others4 ,for whiche ing it folwe4 at yif ou ne haue no gentilesse of i self4 at is to sein pris at come of i deserte foreine gentilesse ne make e nat gentil4 ,sidenote3 ,if there be any good in nobleness of birth1 it consists alone in this1 that it imposes an obligation upon its possessors not to degenerate from the virtues of their ancestors4 ,but certis yif er be any goode in gentilesse4 ,i trowe it be in al #bafj oonly is4 at it seme as at a maner necessitee be imposed to gentil men4 for at ei ne sholden nat outraien or forliuen fro e uertues of hire noble kynrede4 ,linenotes3 #babd foule--fowl #babe whiche--whych #babf maker--makere criede--cryde #babg he--she #babh sweller--swellere #babi manye--manye had--,,ms4 hadde1 ,c4 had false--false #bacj fouler--fowlere #baca en--thanne ilke--thylke #bacc or--of #bacd ha--,,ms4 hae ilke--thylke #baci foule inge--fowl thing #badj ne--and byforne--byforn #badd parties--partye ere--,erthes out--owte #bade out--owhte #badh ferm--ferme #badi veyne--veyn #baej if--yif #baed come of--comth of the #baeg whiche--which #baeh pris--preys come--comth #bafj goode--good in 7#b7--omitted #bafa maner--manere ,,omne ,,hominu,m ,,genus ,,in ,,terris4 ,sidenote3 ,the #fth ,metre4 ,sidenote3 ,all men have the same origin4 ,al e linage of men at ben in ere ben of semblable #bafd bure4 ,sidenote3 ,they have one father and one king1 who gave the moon her horns1 and adorned the sun with his rays4 ,on al one is fadir of inges4 ,on alone minystre alle inges4 ,he af to e sonne hys bemes4 he af to e moone hir hornes4 ,sidenote3 ,the same gave the earth to man and adorned the sky with stars4 he af e men to e ere4 he af e sterres to e heuene4 ,sidenote3 ,he breathed into man the breath of life4 he enclose #bafh wi membres e soules at comen fro hys heye sete4 pg #gi ,sidenote3 ,all men spring from this illustrious source4 anne comen alle mortal folk of noble seed4 ,sidenote3 ,why then do they boast of pedigree8 whi noysen e or bosten of oure eldris ,sidenote3 ,he alone is ignoble who submits to vice and forgets his noble origin4 ,for yif ou looke oure bygynnyng4 and god oure auctour and #bagb oure makere4 an is er no forlyued wyt but if he norisse his corage vnto vices and forlete his propre bure4 ,linenotes3 #baff hys--hyse #bafg hir--hyse #bafi fro hys--fram hyse #bagj seed--sede #baga bosten--,,ms4 voscen1 ,c4 bosten #bagb looke--loke ,headnote3 ,,sensual ,,pleasures ,,full ,,of ,,anxiety4 ,,quid ,,autem ,,de ,,corporibus4#f ,footnote #f3 ,read corporis voluptatibus4 ,sidenote3 ,the #gthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,but what shall ,i say with respect to sensual pleasures1 the desire of which is full of anxiety1 and the enjoyment of them full of repentance8 ,but what shal ,i seie of delices of body4 of whiche #bagf delices e desiringes ben ful of anguisse4 and e fulfillinges of hem ben ful of penaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,what diseases and intolerable pains 7the merited fruits of vice7 are these delights wont to bring upon those who enjoy them6 ,how grete sekenesse and how grete sorwes vnsuffrable ryt as a manere fruit of wickednesse ben ilke delices wont to #bahj bryngen to e bodies of folk at vsen hem4 ,sidenote3 ,i am unable to see what joy is to be found in the gratification of them4 ,of whiche delices ,i not what ioye may ben had of hir moeuyng4 ,sidenote3 ,the remembrance of criminal indulgence brings with it bitter remorse4 ,but is woot ,i wel at who so euere wil remembren hym of hys luxuries4 he shal wel vndirstonde4 #bahd at e issues of delices ben sorowful and sory4 ,sidenote3 ,if such things make men happy1 then may brutes attain to felicity1 since by their instinct they are urged to satisfy their bodily delights4 ,and yif ilke delices mowen make folk blisful4 an by e same cause moten ise bestes ben clepid blisful4 ,of whiche bestes al e entencioun haste to fulfille #bahh hire bodyly iolyte4 ,sidenote3 ,a wife and children do not always bring happiness1 for some have found tormentors in their own offspring4 and e gladnesse of wijf and children were an honest ing4 but it ha ben seid4 at it is ouer myche aeins kynde at children han ben founden tormentours to hir fadres ,i not how many4 #baib ,of whiche children how bitynge is euery condicioun4 ,it nede nat to tellen it e at hast or is tyme assaied it4 and art it now anguyssous4 ,sidenote3 ,i approve of this opinion of ,euripides1 that he who is childless is happy in his misfortune4 ,in is approue ,i e sentence of my disciple ,euridippus4 at seide at he #baif at ha no children is weleful by infortune4 ,linenotes3 #bagc is--nis #bagf delices--delites body--bodye #bagg anguisse--,angwyssh #bagh grete--gret #bagi sekenesse--sykenesse grete sorwes--gret soruwes #bahj fruit--frut #bahb had--,,ms4 hadde1 ,c4 had #bahc wil--wole #bahd hys--hyse #bahe sorowful--sorwful sory--sorye #bahf make--makyn #bahi and--from ,c4 #baij an--from ,c4 ha--hae seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd #baia myche--mochel #baib many--manye #baif ,euridippus--,eurydyppys2 read ,euripides #baig ha--,,ms4 hae pg #hj ,headnote3 ,,no ,,happiness ,,in ,,external ,,things4 ,,habet ,,hoc ,,uoluptas4 ,sidenote3 ,the #g;de ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,pleasure leaves a pain behind it4 ,euery delit ha is4 at it anguisse hem wi prikkes at vsen it4 ,sidenote3 ,the bee gives us agreeable honey1 but try to hold it1 and it quickly flies1 leaving its sting behind4 ,it resembli to ise flying flyes at we clepen been4 at aftre at e bee ha shed hys agreable #bbjj honies he flee awey and stynge e hertes of hem at ben ysmyte wi bytynge ouer longe holdynge4 ,linenotes3 #baih ,euery--,,ms4 ,ouery1 ,c4 ,every #baih1 #bbjj ha--,,ms4 hae shed hys--shad hyse ,headnote3 ,,men ,,are ,,led ,,astray ,,by ,,ignorance4 ,,nichil ,,igitur ,,dubium ,,est4 ,sidenote3 ,the #hthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,it appears then that happiness is not to be found in the above-mentioned external things4 ,now nis it no doute an at ise weyes ne ben a maner mysledyng to blisfulnesse4 ne at ei ne #bbjd mowe nat leden folke ider as ei byheten to leden hem4 ,sidenote3 ,these false ways are perplexed with many evils1 as ,i shall presently show thee4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ai4 ,but wi how grete harmes ise 99forseide weyes ben enlaced4 ,i shal shewe e shortly4 ,sidenote3 ,do you want to amass wealth1 then you must take it from your neighbours4 ,for whi yif ou enforcest e to assemble moneye4 ou most by-reuen #bbjh hym his moneye at ha it4 ,sidenote3 ,would you shine in dignities1 then you must beg for them and disgrace yourself by a humiliating supplication4 and yif ou wilt shynen wi dignites4 ou most bysechen and supplien hem at iuen o dignitees4 ,and yif ou coueitest by honour to gon by-fore oer folk ou shalt defoule i #bbab self by humblesse of axing4 ,sidenote3 ,if power be your ambition1 you expose yourself to the snares of inferiors4 yif ou desiryst power4 ou shalt by awaites of i subgit anoyously be cast vndir many periles4 ,sidenote3 ,do you ask for glory1 to be distracted by vexations and so lose all security4 axest ou glorie ou shalt ben so destrat by aspre inges at ou shalt forgone sykernesse4 #bbaf ,sidenote3 ,do you prefer a voluptuous life8 ,think then that all men will despise him who is a thrall to his body4 ,and yif ou wilt leden i lijf in delices4 euery whit shal dispisen e and forleten e as ou at art ral to ing at is ryt foule and brutel4 at is to sein seruaunt to i body4 ,sidenote3 ,they build upon a weak foundation that place bodily delights above their own reason4 ,now is it an wel yseen #bbbj how lytel and how brutel possessioun ei coueiten at putten e goodes of e body abouen hire owen resoun4 ,sidenote3 ,can you surpass the elephant in bulk1 or the bull in strength8 ,for mayst ou sourmounten ise olifut in gretnesse or weyt of body4 ,or mayst ou ben strenger an e #bbbd bole4 ,sidenote3 ,art thou swifter than the tiger8 ,mayst ou ben swifter an e tigre4 ,sidenote3 ,behold the immense extent of the heavens and cease to admire vile or lesser things4 biholde e spaces and e stablenesse and e swyfte cours of e pg #ha heuene4 and stynte somtyme to wondren on foule inges4 ,sidenote3 ,admire what is still more admirable1 the consummate wisdom that governs them4 e whiche heuene certys nis nat raer for ise #bbbh inges to ben wondred vpon4 an for e resoun by whiche it is gouerned4 ,sidenote3 ,how fleeting is beauty6 but e shynynge of i forme at is to seien e beaute of i body4 how swiftly passyng is it and how transitorie4 ,sidenote3 ,it fades sooner than the vernal flowers4 ,certis it is more flittynge #bbcb an e mutabilite of floures of e somer sesoun4 ,sidenote3 ,for1 as ,aristotle says1 if a man were lynx-eyed and could look into the entrails of ,alcibiades 7so fair outwardly7 he would find all foul and loathsome4 ,for so as aristotil telle at yif at men hadden eyen of a beest at hit lynx4 so at e lokyng of folk myte percen oru e inges at wistonden it4 who so lokid #bbcf an in e entrailes of e body of alcibiades at was ful fayr in e superfice wi oute4 it shulde seme ryt foule4 ,sidenote3 ,thy nature does not make thee seem beautiful1 but the imperfect view of thy admirers4 and for i yif ou semest faire4 i nature ne maki nat at4 but e desceiuaunce of e fieblesse of e #bbdj eyen at loken4 ,sidenote3 ,prize bodily perfections as much as you will1 yet a three days' fever will destroy them4 ,but preise e goodes of i body as moche as euer e list4 so at ou knowe algates at what so it be4 at is to seyn of e goodes of i body whiche at ou wondrest vpon may ben destroied or #bbdd dessolued by e hete of a feuere of re dayes4 ,of alle whiche forseide inges ,i may reducen is shortly in a somme4 ,sidenote3 ,worldly goods do not give what they promise1 do not comprise every good1 are not the paths to felicity1 nor can of themselves make any one happy4 at ise worldly goodes whiche at ne mowen nat iuen at ei byheten4 ne ben nat perfit by #bbdh e congregacioun of alle goodes4 at ei ne ben nat weyes ne paes at bryngen men to blysfulnesse ne maken men to ben blysful4 ,linenotes3 #bbjc nis--is #bbjd mysledyng--mysledynges #bbje folke--folk #bbjh enforcest--,,ms4 enforced1 ,c4 enforcest #bbji ha--,,ms4 hae wilt--wolt #bbaa iuen--yeuen #bbab gon--,,ms4 gone1 ,c4 gon by-fore--byforn shalt--shal #bbac by--thorw #bbad by--be be--ben #bbaf destrat--,,ms4 destralle1 ,c4 destrat forgone--forgoon #bbag wilt--wolt #bbah whit--wyht #bbai foule--fowl to--from ,c4 #bbbj yseen--seen #bbba brutel--brotel #bbbb owen--owne #bbbd weyt--weyhty strenger--strengere #bbbe swifter--swyftere biholde--by-hold #bbbg stynte--stynt #bbbh whiche--whych #bbcj whiche--wych #bbca seien--seyn #bbcd as--omitted #bbce hit--hyhte myte--myhte #bbcg alcibiades--,,ms4 alcidiades #bbch fayr--fayre e--omitted shulde--sholde #bbci foule--fowl faire--fayr ne--omitted #bbdj desceiuaunce of e fieblesse--deceyuable or the feblesse #bbdb moche--mochel knowe--knowe #bbdc e--omitted i body whiche--the body whych #bbdg a--omitted ,headnote3 ,,men ,,pursue ,,false ,,joys4 ,,heu ,q,,ue ,,miseros ,,tramite4 ,sidenote3 ,the #hthe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,alas6 how through folly and ignorance do men stray from the path of true happiness6 ,allas whiche folie and whiche ignoraunce mysledi #bbeb wandryng wrecches fro e pae of verrey good4 ,sidenote3 ,ye do not seek gold upon trees nor diamonds from the vine4 ,certis e ne seken no golde in grene trees4 ne e ne gadren nat precious stones in e vines4 pg #hb ,sidenote3 ,ye lay not your nets to catch fish upon the lofty hills4 ne e ne hiden nat oure gynnes in heye mountaignes to kachen #bbef fisshe of whiche e may maken ryche festes4 ,sidenote3 ,the hunter goes not to the ,tyrrhene waters to hunt the roe4 and yif ow lyke to hunte to roos4 e ne gon nat to e foordes of e water at hyt tyrene4 ,sidenote3 ,men know where to look for white pearls1 and for the fish that yields the purple dye4 and ouer is men knowen wel e crikes and e cauernes of e see yhidd in e #bbfj floodes4 and knowen eke whiche water is most plentiuous of white perles4 and knowen whiche water habunde most of rede purpre4 at is to seyen of a maner shelfisshe with whiche men dien purpre4 ,sidenote3 ,they know where the most delicate of the finny race abound and where the fierce sea-urchin is to be found4 and knowen #bbfd whiche strondes habounden most of tendre fisshes or of sharpe fisshes at hyten echynnys4 ,sidenote3 ,but where the ,sovereign ,good abides blinded mortals never know1 but plunge into the earth below to look for that which has its dwelling in the heavens4 but folk suffren hem self to ben so blynde at hem ne recchi nat to knowe where ilke goodes ben yhidd whiche at ei #bbfh coueiten but ploungen hem in ere and seken ere ilke goode at sourmounte e heuene at bere e sterres4 ,sidenote3 ,what doom do the silly race deserve8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ai b4 what 99preyere may ,i make at be digne to e nice outis of men4 ,sidenote3 ,may they pursue such false joys1 and having obtained them1 too late find out the value of the true4 but ,i preye at ei coueiten #bbgb rycches and honours so at whan ei han geten o false goodes wi greet trauayle at erby ei mowe knowen e verray goodes4 ,linenotes3 #bbeb whiche 7both7--whych #bbec pae--paath good--goode #bbed golde--gold ,headnote3 ,,the ,,insufficiency ,,of ,,worldly ,,bliss4 ,,hactenus ,,mendacis ,,forma,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ine prose4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i have been describing the form of counterfeit happiness1 and if you have considered it attentively ,i shall proceed to give you a perfect view of the true4 ,,it suffisi at ,i haue shewed hider to e forme of #bbgf false wilfulnesse4 so at yif ou looke now clerely e ordre of myn entencioun requeri from hennes fore to shewen e verray wilfulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i now see that there is no sufficiency in riches1 no power in royalty1 no esteem in dignities1 nor nobility in renown1 nor joy in carnal pleasures4 ,for quod 4,i4 7b7 ,i4 se wel now at suffisaunce may nat comen by richesse4 ne #bbhj power by realmes4 ne reuerence by dignitees4 ne gentilesse by glorie4 ne ioye by delices4 and 7p7 hast ou wel knowen quod she e cause whi it is4 ,certis me seme quod 4,i4 at 4,i4 se hem ryt as ou it were oru a litel pg #hc clifte4 ,sidenote3 ,i have a glimpse of the cause of all this1 but ,i should like a more distinct view4 but me were leuer knowen hem more openly of #bbhe e4 ,certys quod she e resoun is al redy ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the cause is obvious--for that which is by nature one and indivisible human ignorance separates and divides1 and reverses the true order of things4 ,for ilk ing at symply is on ing wi outen ony diuisioun4 e errour and folie of mankynde departe #bbhh and diuidi it4 and misledi it and transporte from verray and perfit goode4 to goodes at ben false and inperfit4 ,sidenote3 ,does that state which needs nothing stand in need of power8 ,but seye me is4 wenest ou at he at ha nede of power at hym ne lakke no ing4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i should say no4 ,p4 ,right6 ,that which wants power needs external aid4 ,nay quod #bbib 4,i ,certis quod she ou seist aryt4 ,for yif so be at er is a ing at in any partie be fieble of power4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that is true6 ,p4 ,sufficiency and power therefore are of one nature4 ,b4 ,it seems so indeed4 ,certis as in at it moste nedes be nedy of foreine helpe4 ,rit so it is quod 4,i4 ,suffisaunce and power #bbif ben an of on kynde ,so seme it quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,are power and sufficiency to be despised8 ,are they not rather worthy of universal respect8 ,and demyst ou quod she at a ing at is of is manere4 at is to seine suffisaunt and myty aute to ben dispised4 or ellys at it be ryt digne of reuerences abouen #bcjj alle inges4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,they are doubtless highly estimable4 ,p4 ,add respect to sufficiency and power1 and consider all three as one and the same thing4 ,certys quod ,i it nys no doute at it nis ryt wori to ben reuerenced4 ,lat vs quod she an adden reuerence to suffisaunce and to power ,so at we demen at ise re inges ben alle o ing4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i see no objection to that view4 ,certis #bcjd quod ,i lat vs adden it4 yif we willen graunten e soe4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,but can that be obscure and ignoble which possesses three such attributes8 is it not noble and worthy of a shining reputation8 what demest ou an quod she is at a dirke ing and nat noble at is suffisaunt reuerent and myty4 or ellys at is ryt clere and ryt noble of celebrete of renoun4 #bcjh ,linenotes3 #bbef heye--the hyye kachen--kachche #bbeg fisshe--fyssh #bbeh hunte--honte roos--,rooes #bbei hyt--hyhte #bbfj crikes--brykes yhidd--,,ms4 yhidde1 ,c4 ,i-hyd #bbfa1 #bbfb whiche--whych #bbfc shelfisshe--shelle fysh #bbfd1 #bbfe whiche--whych #bbfd dien--deyen #bbfe of--with #bbff echynnys--,,ms4 ethynnys1 ,c4 ,echynnys #bbfh yhidd--,,ms4 yhidde1 ,c4 ,i-hydd #bbgj goode--good #bbga make--maken #bbgc rycches--,rychesse #bbgg wilfulnesse--welefulnesse looke--loke clerely--clerly #bbgi wilfulnesse--welefulnesse ,for--,for-sothe ,i4--from ,c4 #bbhj richesse--,rychesses #bbha realmes--,reames #bbhg ilk--thylke on--o #bbij goode--good #bbia seye--sey ha--,,ms4 hae #bbid fieble--feblere #bbie moste--mot #bbif helpe--help #bbig on--o #bbih demyst ou--demesthow #bbii seine--seyn aute--owhte #bcjj reuerences--,reuerence #bcjb nis ryt--is ryht #bcjd alle--al #bcje willen--wolen #bcjf dirke--dyrk #bcjh clere--cler of celebrete--by celebryte ,headnote3 ,,the ,,unity ,,of ,,true ,,felicity4 ,sidenote3 ,he who is most powerful and worthy of renown--if he lack fame which he cannot give to himself1 must 7by this defect7 seem in some measure more weak and abject4 ,considere an quod she as we han grauntid her byforne4 at he at ne ha nede of no ing and is most myty and most digne of honour yif hym nedi any clernesse of renoun whiche clernesse he myte nat #bcab graunten of hym self4 ,so at for lakke of ilke clerenesse he myte seme febler on any syde or e more outcaste4 ,glosa4 is is to seyne nay4 pg #hd ,sidenote3 ,he that is sufficiently mighty and esteemed will have necessarily an illustrious name4 ,for who so at is suffisaunt myty and reuerent4 clernesse of #bcaf renoun folwe of e forseide inges4 he ha it alredy of hys suffisaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i cannot deny it1 for reputation seems inseparable from the advantages you have just mentioned4 boice4 ,i may nat quod ,i denye it4 ,but ,i mot graunten as it is4 at is ing be ryt celebrable by clernesse of renoun and noblesse4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,therefore ,renown differs in no wise from the three above-mentioned attributes4 an #bcbj folwe it quod she at we adden clernesse of renoun to e re forseide inges4 so at er ne be amonges hem no difference4 and is is a consequente quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,and if any one then stands in need of no external aid1 can have all he wants1 and is illustrious and respected--is not his condition very agreeable and pleasant8 is ing an quod she at ne ha no nede of no foreine #bcbd ing4 and at may don alle inges by his strenges4 and at is noble and honourable4 nis nat at a myrie ing and a ioyful4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i cannot conceive how such a one can have grief or trouble4 boice4 but wenest quod ,i at any sorow myte comen to is ing at is swiche4 ,certys #bcbh ,i may nat inke4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it must then be a state of happiness2 and we may also affirm that sufficiency1 power1 nobility1 differ only in name1 but not in substance4 ,p4 anne moten we graunte quod she at is ing be ful of gladnesse yif e orseide inges be soe4 ,and also certys mote we graunten4 at suffisaunce power noblesse reuerence and gladnesse ben #bccb only dyuerse bynames4 but hir substaunce ha no diuersite4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it is a necessary consequence4 ,boice4 ,it mot nedely be so quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the depravity of mankind then divides that which is essentially indivisible2 and1 seeking for a part of that which has no parts1 they miss the entire thing which they so much desire4 ,p4 ilke inge an quod she at is oon and simple in his nature4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bj4 e wikkednesse of men departi it 99diuidi it4 and #bccf whan ei enforcen hem to gete partie of a ing at ne ha no part4 ei ne geten hem neier ilke partie at nis none4 ne e ing al hole at ei ne desire nat4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,how is that8 4b4 ,in whiche manere quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,he that seeks riches in order to avoid poverty1 is not solicitous about power2 he prefers meanness and obscurity1 and denies himself many natural pleasures that he may not lessen his heaps of pelf4 p4 ilke man quod she at #bcdj seke rychesse to fleen pouerte4 he ne trauayle hym nat to for to gete power for he ha leuer ben dirk and vile4 and eke widrawe from hym selfe many naturel delit for he nolde lesen e moneye at he ha assembled4 #bcdd ,sidenote3 ,he who lacks power1 is pricked with trouble1 and rendered an outcast and obscure by his sordid ways1 does not possess sufficiency4 but certis in is manere he ne geti hym nat pg #he suffisaunce at power forleti4 and at moleste preke4 and at file make outcaste4 and at derknesse hide4 ,sidenote3 ,he who only aims at power squanders his riches1 and despises delights and honours unaccompanied by power4 and certis he at desire only power he wasti and #bcdh scatri rychesse and dispise delices and eke honour at is wi out power4 ne he ne preise glorie no ing4 ,linenotes3 #bcaj ha--,,ms4 hae #bcab whiche--whych myte--myhte #bcad clerenesse--clernesse myte--myhte febler--the febelere #bcae seyne--seyn #bcag ha--,,ms4 hae #bcbd ha--,,ms4 hae #bcbe his--hyse #bcbf myrie--mery #bcbg wenest--whennes #bcbh sorow myte--sorwe myhte #bcbi graunte--graunte #bcca be--ben also certys--certes also #bccc ha--,,ms4 hae #bccd nedely--nedly #bcce inge--thing #bccg gete--geten #bcch ha--,,ms4 hae ilke--thilke #bcci none--non hole--hool #bcdj whiche--whych #bcda rychesse--,rychesses fleen--,,ms4 sleen1 ,c4 flen #bcdb leuer--leuer #bcdc vile--vyl selfe--self #bcdd delit--delices lesen--lese ha--,,ms4 hae #bcdf preke--prykketh #bcdg derknesse--dyrknesse #bcdi scatri--schatereth delices--delyc #bcej wi out--with owte ,headnote3 ,,of ,,false ,,felicity4 ,certys us seest ou wel at many ingus failen to hym4 for he ha somtyme faute of many necessites4 #bceb ,sidenote3 ,such a one must be subject to many anxieties4 and many anguysses biten hym ,sidenote3 ,and when he cannot get rid of these evils he ceases to have what he most desired--power4 and whan he may nat don o defautes awey4 he forlete to ben myty4 and at is e ing at he most desire4 ,sidenote3 ,in the same way honour1 glory1 and pleasure1 are all inseparable2 he that seeks one without the other will fail to obtain his desires4 and ryt us may ,i make semblable resouns of honours and of glorie #bcef and of delices4 ,for so as euery of ise forseide inges is e same at ise oer inges ben4 at is to sein4 al oon ing4 who so at euer seke to geten at oon of ise and nat at oer4 he ne gete nat at he #bcfj desire4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what then if a man should desire to gain them all at once8 ,boice4 what seist ou an yif at a man coueite to geten alle ise inges to gider4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,he would then indeed desire perfect felicity--but can he ever expect to find it in the acquisitions above mentioned1 which do not perform what they promise8 ,p4 ,certys quod she 4,i4 wolde seie at he wolde geten hym souereyne blisfulnes4 but at shal he nat fynde in o inges #bcfd at 4,i4 haue shewed at ne mowe nat euen at ei by-heten4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no1 surely6 boice4 ,certys no quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then happiness is not to be sought in these things which are falsely supposed capable of satisfying our desires8 an quod she ne sholden men nat by no weye seken blysfulnesse in swiche inges as men wenen at ei ne mowe #bcfh euen but o ing senglely of alle at men seken4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i confess it1 and nothing can be more truly affirmed than this4 ,i graunte wel quod 4,i4 ne no soer ing ne may nat ben said4 ,sidenote3 ,turn your mind's eye upon the reverse of all this false felicity and you will perceive the true happiness4 ,p4 ,now hast ou an quod she e forme and e causes of false welefulnesse4 ,now turne and #bcgb flitte e eyen of i out4 for ere shalt ou seen an oon ilk verray blysfulnesse at ,i haue byhyt ee4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it is very clear1 and ,i had a complete view of it when you explained to me the causes of its counterfeit4 b4 ,certys quod 4,i4 it is cler and opyn4 ou at it were to a blynde man4 and at shewedest ou me ful wel a #bcgf lytel her byforne4 whan ou enforcedest e to shewe me pg #hf e causes of e false blysfulnesse ,sidenote3 ,true felicity consists in a state of sufficiency1 of power1 and honour--as well as of a shining reputation and every desirable pleasure3 and ,i must confess that true felicity is that which is bestowed by these advantages1 as they are in reality all one and the same4 ,for but yif ,i be by-giled4 an is ilke e verray perfit blisfulnesse at perfitly maki a man suffisaunt4 myty4 honourable noble4 #bchj and ful of gladnesse4 and for ou shalt wel knowe at ,i haue wel vndirstonden ise inges wi inne myne herte4 ,i knowe wel ilke blisfulnesse at may verrayly euen on of e forseide inges syn ei ben al oon 4,i4 knowe #bchd douteles at ilke ing is e fulle of blysfulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,o my nursling1 how happy are you in this conviction1 provided you add but one limitation4 ,p4 ,o my nurry quod she by is oppinioun quod she ,i seye at ou art blisful yif ou putte is er to at ,i shal seine4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what is that8 what is at quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,thinkest thou that any thing in this world can confer this happiness8 7the sovereign good74 ,trowest ou at #bchh er be any ing in is erely mortal toumblyng inges at may bryngen is estat4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i think not2 for nothing can be desirable beyond such a state of perfection4 ,certys quod ,i trowe it nat4 and ou hast shewed me wel at ouer ilke goode er is no ing more to ben desired4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,these imperfect things above mentioned only confer the shadow of the supreme good1 or at most only an imperfect felicity1 but they cannot bestow true and perfect happiness4 ,p4 ise inges an #bcib quod she4 at is to seyne erely suffisaunce and power4 and swiche inges eyer ei semen likenesse of verray goode4 or ellys it seme at ei euen to mortal folk a maner of goodes at ne ben nat perfit4 ,but ilke #bcif goode at is verray and perfit4 at may ei nat euen4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i quite agree with you4 boice4 ,i4 accorde me wel quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then1 knowing the difference between true and false felicity you must now learn where to look for this supreme felicity4 an quod she for as moche as ou hast knowen whiche is ilke verray blisfulnesse4 and eke whiche ilke inges ben at lien #bdjj falsly blisfulnesse4 at is to seyne4 at by desceit semen verray goodes4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bj b4 ,now byhoue e to knowen 99whennes and where ou mowe seeke ilke verray blisfulnesse4 ,certys quod ,i at desijr ,i gretly and #bdjd haue abiden longe tyme to herkene it4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,but1 as ,plato says that even in the least things the ,divine assistance ought to be implored1 what ought we do1 to render us worthy of so important a discovery as the true source and seat of the sovereign good8 ,but for as moche quod she as it like to my disciple plato in his book of in thimeo4 at in ryt lytel inges men sholde bysechen e helpe of god4 what iugest ou at be #bdjh now to done so at we may deserue to fynde e sete of pg #hg ilke souereyne goode4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,let us invoke the ,father of all things4 ,b4 ,certys quod 4,i4 ,i4 deme at we shulle clepen to e fadir of alle goodes4 ,for wi outen hym nis er no ing founden aryt4 ,sidenote3 ,you are right1 said ,philosophy1 and thus she sang3-- ou seist #bdab a-ryt quod she4 and bygan on-one to syngen ryt us4 ,linenotes3 #bcea many--manye #bceb ha--,,ms4 hae faute--defaute #bcec may--ne may #bced don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #bcef make--maken #bceg forseide--,,ms4 sorseide #bcfc souereyne--souereyn #bcfe mowe--mowen #bcfh wenen--wene mowe--mowen #bcgj graunte--graunte soer--sothere #bcga said--,,ms4 saide1 ,c4 sayd #bcgf ful wel--from ,c4 #bcgg byforne--by-forn #bcgh blysfulnesse--,,ms4 blyndenesse1 ,c4 blysfulnesse #bche of--omitted #bchf nurry--norye #bchg seye--seye #bchh seine--seyn #bchi is--thise #bcij nat--nawht #bcic seyne--sey #bcie euen--yeue #bcig goode--good #bcii whiche--which #bdja seyne--seyn #bdjb knowen--knowe #bdjc seeke--seke #bdje herkene--herknen #bdjg sholde--sholden #bdjh bysechen--by-shechen helpe--help #bdji now--from ,c4 #bdaj souereyne goode--verray good #bdaa shulle--shollen to--omitted #bdac on-one--anon ,headnote3 ,,in ,,seeking ,,supreme ,,felicity ,,the ,,divine ,,aid ,,is ,,to ,,be ,,invoked4 ,o ,,qui ,,perpetua4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ine ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,o ,father and ,maker of heaven and earth1 by whose eternal reason the world is governed1 and by whose supreme command ,time flows from the birth of ages1 ,thou1 firm and unchanged thyself1 makest all things else to move6 ,o ou fadir creatour of heuene and of eres at gouernest is worlde by perdurable resoun at comaundist e tymes for to gon from tyme at age hadde #bdaf bygynnyng4 ou at dwellest i self ay stedfast and stable and iuest alle oer inges to ben moeued4 ,sidenote3 ,thy sovereign will to floating matter gave its various forms1 impelled by no exterior causes1 but by the ,idea of the ,best in thy great mind conceived void of malice4 ne forein causes necesseden e neuer to compoune werke of floterynge mater4 but only e forme of souereyne #bdbj goode y-set wi inne e wi outen envie at moeuede e frely4 ,sidenote3 ,fairest thyself bearing the world's figure in thy thought1 thou didst create the world after that prototype1 and dost draw all things from the image of the fair ,supreme1 and dost command that this world should have perfect parts4 ou at art alerfairest beryng e faire worlde in i out4 formedest is worlde to e likkenesse semblable of at faire worlde in i out4 ou drawest #bdbd alle inges of i souereyne ensampler4 and comaundedist at is worlde perfitlyche ymaked haue frely and absolut hyse perfit parties4 ,sidenote3 ,by harmonious measures thou dost bind fast the elements1 so that there is no discordance between things cold and hot1 or between the moist and the dry4 ou byndest e element by noumbres proporcionables4 at e colde inges #bdbh mowen accorde wi e hote inges4 and e drye inges wi e moyst inges4 ,sidenote3 ,that the fire may not fly too high1 and that weight may not press the earth and water lower than they are now placed1 at e fire at is purest ne fleye nat ouer heye4 ne at e heuynesse ne drawe nat adoun ouer lowe e eres at ben plounged in e watres4 #bdcb ,linenotes3 #bdae worlde--world #bdaf from----age--from syn at age hadde--hadde #bdag stedfast--stedefast #bdah oer--oothre #bdai forein--foreyne werke--werk #bdbj souereyne goode--souereyn good #bdba y-set--,,ms4 y-sette1 ,c4 ,iset wi inne--with in e--the wi outen--with owte moeuede--moeuede #bdbb alerfairest--alderfayrest #bdbb-bd-bf worlde--world #bdbc likkenesse--lyknesse #bdbf and absolut--,c4 omits #bdbg hyse--hys #bdcj fire--fyr fleye--fle #bdca drawe--drawen ,headnote3 ,,god ,,is ,,the ,,fountain ,,of ,,felicity4 ,sidenote3 thou didst join the ,middle ,soul 7of a threefold nature7 moving all things1 and then by agreeing numbers didst resolve it4 ou knyttest to-gidre e mene soule of treble kynde moeuyng alle inges4 and diuidest it by membres accordynge4 ,sidenote3 ,when that is done1 cut into two orbs1 it moves about returning to itself1 and then encompassing the profound mind doth by that fair idea turn the heaven4 ,and whan it is us diuided it ha assembled a moeuyng in two roundes4 ,it go to tourne #bdcf aein to hym owen self4 and environe a fulle deep pg #hh out4 and tourni e heuene by semblable ymage4 ,sidenote3 ,thou by such causes dost raise all souls and lesser lives1 and adaptest them to their light vehicles4 ou by euenlyk causes enhaunsest e soules and e lasse liues and ablynge hem heye by lyte cartes4 #bddj ,sidenote3 ,thou sowest them in heaven and earth1 and they return to thee by thy kind law like a recoiling flame4 ou sewest hem in to heuene and in to ere4 and whan ei ben conuertid to e by i benigne lawe4 ou makest hem retorne aeine to e by aein ledyng fijr4 ,sidenote3 ,o ,father1 elevate our souls and let them behold thy august throne4 ,o fadir yif ou to i out to stien vp in to i streite sete4 #bddd and graunte hym to enviroune e welle of good4 ,sidenote3 ,let them behold the fountain of all good4 ,dispel the mists of sense1 remove the weights of earth-born cares1 and in thy splendour shine 7in our minds74 and e lyte yfounde graunte hym to ficchen e clere sytes of hys corage in e4 ,and scatre ou and to-breke thow e weytes and e cloudes of erely heuynesse4 #bddh and shyne ou by i brytnes4 ,sidenote3 ,for thou art ever clear1 and to the good art peace and rest4 ,he who looks on thee beholds beginning1 support1 guide1 path and goal1 combined6 for ou art clernesse ou art peisible to debonaire folke4 ou i self art bygynnynge4 berere4 ledere4 pa and terme to loke on e at is oure ende4 ,glose4 #bdeb ,linenotes3 #bdce ha--,,ms4 hae #bdcf go--,,ms4 goe #bdcg owen--,c4 omits #bdch tourni--,,ms4 tournie #bdci euenlyk--euene lyke #bddj lyte--lyhte #bddb benigne--bygynnynge #bddd yif--yiue i streite--the streyte #bdde hym--from ,c4 #bddf lyte--lyht #bddh thow--from ,c4 #bddi brytnes--bryhtnesse #bdea pa--,,ms4 pae2 paath #bdeb at--that ,headnote3 ,,god ,,the ,,supreme ,,good4 ,,quoniam ,,igitur ,,qui ,,scit4#g ,footnote #g3 ,read que sit4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ajthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,now that thou hast had a faithful representation of future felicity as well as of the true happiness1 ,i shall show thee in what the ,perfection of ,happiness consists4 ,f,or as moche an as ou hast seyn4 whiche is e forme of goode at nys nat perfit4 and whiche is e forme of goode at is perfit4 now trowe ,i at it were goode to shewe in what is perfeccioun of blisfulnesse is #bdef set4 ,sidenote3 ,our best plan will be to inquire whether there be in nature such a good as thou hast lately defined1 lest we be deceived by the vanity of ,imagination and be carried beyond the truth of the matter subjected to our inquiry4 and in is ing ,i trowe at we sholden first enquere forto witen yif at any swiche manere goode as ilke goode at ou hast diffinissed a lytel her byforne4 at is to seine souereyne goode may be founden in e nature #bdfj of inges4 ,for at veyne ymaginacioun of out ne desceiue vs nat4 and putte vs oute of e soefastnesse of ilke inge at is summyttid to vs4 is is to seyne4 but it may nat ben denoyed at ilke goode ne is4 #bdfd and at it nis ryt as a welle of alle goodes4 ,sidenote3 ,the sovereign good does exist1 and is the source of all other good4 ,for al ing at is cleped inperfit4 is proued inperfit by e pg #hi amenusynge of perfeccioun4 or of ing at is perfit4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ba4 ,sidenote3 ,when we say that a thing is imperfect we assert that there is something else of its kind perfect4 and her of come it4 at in euery ing general4 yif at4 #bdfh at men seen any ing at is inperfit 99certys in ilke general er mot ben somme ing at is perfit4 ,for yif so be at perfeccioun is don awey4 men may nat inke nor seye fro whennes ilke ing is at is cleped inperfit4 #bdgb ,sidenote3 ,nature takes not her origin from things diminished and imperfect2 but1 proceeding from an entire and absolute substance1 descends into the remotest and most fruitless things4 ,for e nature of inges ne token nat her bygynnyng of inges amenused and inperfit4 but it procedi of ingus at ben al hool4 and absolut4 and descende so doune in to outerest inges and in to ingus empty and #bdgf wi oute fruyt4 ,sidenote3 ,if there be an imperfect and fading felicity there must also be one stable and perfect4 but as ,i haue shewed a litel her byforne4 at yif er be a blisfulnesse at be frele and vein and inperfit4 er may no man doute4 at er nys som blisfulnesse at is sad stedfast and perfit4 b4 is is concludid #bdhj quod ,i fermely and soefastly4 ,sidenote3 ,but now consider wherein this felicity resides4 ,that ,god is the governor of all things is proved by the universal opinion of all men4 ,p4 ,but considere also quod she in wham is blisfulnesse enhabite4 e commune acordaunce and conceite of e corages of men proue and graunte at god prince of alle ingus is #bdhd good4 ,sidenote3 ,for since nothing may be conceived better than ,god1 then ,he who has no equal in goodness must be good4 ,for so as no ing ne may ben out bettre an god4 it may nat ben douted an at he at no ing is bettre4 at he nys good4 ,sidenote3 ,reason clearly demonstrates 7#a7 that ,god is good1 and 7#b7 that the sovereign good exists in him4 ,certys resoun shewe at god is so goode at it proue by verray force at perfit #bdhh goode is in hym4 ,sidenote3 ,if it were not so ,he could not be the ,ruler of all things1 for there would be some other being excelling him who possesses the supreme good and who must have existed before ,him4 ,for yif god ne is swiche4 he ne may nat ben prince of alle inges4 for certis som ing possessyng in hym self perfit goode sholde ben more an god4 and it sholde seme at ilke ing were first #bdib and elder an god4 ,sidenote3 ,and we have already shown that the perfect precedes the imperfect2 ,for we han shewed apertly at alle inges at ben perfit4 ben first or inges at ben inperfit4 ,linenotes3 #bdec whiche--which #bded-ee-ef-eh-ei goode--good #bded whiche--whych #bdeg set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set #bdfj seine--seyn souereyne goode--souereyn good be founden--ben fownde #bdfa veyne--veyn #bdfc is is to seyne--,c4 omits #bdfd denoyed--,,ms4 deuoyded1 ,c4 denoyed goode--good #bdfe of--,,ms4 of of #bdff al ing--alle thing #bdfh her of come--ther of comht #bdgj somme--som #bdga don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #bdgc token--took #bdge hool--hoole #bdgf doune--down #bdgg wi oute fruyt--with owten frut #bdhj stedfast--stydefast #bdha fermely--,,ms4 fennely1 ,c4 fermely soefastly--sothfastly #bdhf he at--from ,c4 is bettre--nis bettre #bdhh-hi-ia goode--good #bdhi swiche--swych #bdib it--from ,c4 seme--semen #bdic elder--eldere ,headnote3 ,,god ,,the ,,source ,,of ,,true ,,felicity4 ,sidenote3 wherefore1 that our reasonings may not run on with infinity1 we must confess that the ,supreme ,god is full of perfect and consummate good4 ,and for i for as moche as that my resoun or my proces ne go nat awey wioute an ende4 we #bdif oute to graunten at e souereyne god is ryt ful of souereyne perfit goode4 pg #ij ,sidenote3 ,and as we have seen that the perfect good is true happiness1 it follows that the true felicity resides in the ,supreme ,divinity4 and we han establissed at e souereyne goode is verrey blisfulnesse4 an mot it nedes ben at verray blysfulnesse is yset in souereyne god4 #bejj ,b4 is take ,i wel quod 4,i4 ne is ne may nat be wiseid in no manere4 ,sidenote3 ,but let us see how we can firmly and irrefragably prove that the ,supreme ,god contains in his own nature a plenitude of perfect and consummate good4 ,but ,i preie e quod she see now how ou mayst preuen holily and wi-outen corrupcioun is at ,i haue seid4 at e souereyne god is ryt ful of #bejd souereyne goode4 ,in whych manere quod ,i4 wenest ou out quod she at is prince of alle inges haue ytake ilke souereyne good any where an of hym self4 of whiche souereyne goode men proue at he is ful #bejh ryt as ou mytest inken4 at god at ha blisfulnesse in hym self4 and at ilke blisfulnesse at is in hym were diuers in substaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,if you think that ,god has received this good from without1 then you must believe that the giver of this good is more excellent than ,god the receiver4 ,for yif ou wene at god haue receyued ilke good oute of hym self4 ou #beab mayst wene at he at af ilke good to god4 be more goode an is god4 ,sidenote3 ,but we have concluded that there is nothing more excellent than ,god4 ,but ,i am byknowen and confesse and at ryt dignely at god is ryt wori abouen alle inges4 ,sidenote3 ,but if this supreme good is in ,him by nature1 and is nevertheless of a different substance1 we cannot conceive1 since ,god is the author of all things1 what could have united these two substances differing one from another4 ,and yif so be at is good be in hym by #beaf nature4 but at it is diuers from hym by wenyng resoun4 syn we speke of god prince of alle inges feyne who so feyne may4 who was he at hath conioigned ise diuers inges to-gidre4 ,sidenote3 ,lastly1 a thing which essentially differs from another cannot be the same with that from which it is supposed to differ4 and eke at e laste se #bebj wel at o ing at is diuers from any ing4 at ilke ing nis nat at same ing4 fro whiche it is vndirstonden to ben diuers4 ,sidenote3 ,consequently1 what in its nature differs from the chief good cannot be the supreme good4 an folwe it4 at ilke ing at by hys nature is dyuers from souereyne good4 at at #bebd ing nys nat souereyne good4 ,sidenote3 ,but it would be impious and profane thus to conceive of ,god1 since nothing can excel ,him in goodness and worth4 but certys at were a felonous corsednesse to inken at of hym4 at no ing nis more wore4 ,sidenote3 ,in fact1 nothing can exist whose nature is better than its origin4 ,for alwey of alle inges4 e nature of hem ne may nat ben better an his bygynnyng4 #bebh ,linenotes3 #bdie that--from ,c4 #bdif proces--processes #bdig oute--owen #bdih goode--good #bdii souereyne goode--souereyn good #bejj at----is--from ,c4 yset--,,ms4 ysette1 ,c4 set #beja be--ben wiseid--,,ms4 wiseide1 ,c4 withseid #bejc wi-outen--with-owte #bejd seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd #beje souereyne goode--souereyn good ,in----,i--from ,c4 #bejf out--awht #bejg an of--owt of #bejh whiche--whych souereyne goode--souereyn good #beji ha--,,ms4 hae #beaj at ilke--thilke #beaa were--weren #bead goode--worth #beag from--fro hym--from ,c4 #beah feyne--faigne #beai feyne--feigne hath--from ,c4 #bebj laste--laste #beba o--a #bebb whiche--whych #bebd from--fro #bebg nis--is #bebh better--bettre ,headnote3 ,,there ,,cannot ,,be ,,two ,,chief ,,goods4 ,sidenote3 ,we may therefore conclude that the ,author of all things is really and substantially the supreme ,good4 ,for whiche ,i may concluden by ryt uerray resoun4 pg #ia at ilke at is bygynnyng of alle inges4 ilke same ing is good in his substaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,most rightly said6 ,b4 ou hast seid rytfully quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,but you have owned that true felicity is the sovereign good2 then you must also grant that ,god is that true felicity4 ,p4 ,but we han graunted quod she at #becb souereyne good is blysfulnes4 at is soe quod 4,i4 an quod she mote we nedes graunten and confessen at ilke same souereyne goode be god4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,your conclusions follow from your premises4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ba b4 ,certys 99quod 4,i4 ,i ne may nat denye ne wistonde e resouns purposed4 #becf and ,i see wel at it folwe by strenge of e premisses4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,let us see whether we cannot prove this more convincingly by considering it in this view1 that there cannot be two sovereign goods which differ in themselves4 ,loke nowe quod she yif is be proued yit more fermely us4 at er ne mowen nat ben two souereyne goodes at ben diuerse amonges hem #bedj self4 ,sidenote3 ,for it is plain that of the goods that differ one cannot be what the other is2 wherefore neither of them can be perfect where one wants the other4 at on is nat at at oer is4 an ne mowen neier of hem ben perfit4 so as eyer of hem lakki to oir4 ,sidenote3 ,that which is not perfect cannot be the supreme good4 but at at nis nat perfit men may seen apertly at it nis nat souereyne4 ,sidenote3 ,neither can the chief good be essentially different4 e inges an at ben #bedd souereynely goode ne mowen by no wey ben diuerse4 ,sidenote3 ,but it has been shown that ,god and happiness are the chief good1 wherefore the sovereign felicity and the ,supreme ,divinity are one and the same4 ,but ,i haue wel conclude at blisfulnesse and god ben the souereyne goode4 ,for whiche it mot nedes be at souereyne blisfulnesse is souereyne dyuynite4 ,no #bedh ing quod ,i nis more soefast an is ne more ferme by resoun4 ne a more wori ing an god may nat ben concluded4 ,sidenote3 ,following then the examples of geometricians who deduce their consequences from their propositions1 ,i shall deduce to thee something like a corollary as follows3-- ,p4 vpon ise inges an quod she4 ryt as ise geometriens whan ei han shewed her proposiciouns #beeb ben wont to bryngen in inges at ei clepen porismes or declaraciouns of forseide inges4 ryt so wil ,i eue e here as a corolarie or a mede of coroune4 ,sidenote3 ,because by the attainment of felicity men become happy1 and as felicity is the same as ,divinity itself1 therefore by the attainment of ,divinity men are made happy4 ,for whi4 for as moche as by e getynge of blisfulnesse men ben #beef maked blysful4 and blisfulnesse is diuinite4 an is it manifest and open at by e getyng of diuinite men ben makid blisful4 ,sidenote3 ,but as by the participation of justice or of wisdom men become just or wise1 ryt as by e getynge of iustice 4 4 4 and by e getyng of sapience ei ben maked wise4 #befj ,linenotes3 #bebi whiche--whych #beca seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd #becc soe--soth #becd mote--moten #beci yit--from ,c4 #beda is 7#a7--nis oer--othre ne--from ,c4 #bedf conclude--concluded #bedg the from ,c4 goode--good be--ben #bedi soefast--sothfast ferme--,,ms4 forme1 ,c4 ferme #beeb proposiciouns--,,ms4 proporsiouns1 ,c4 proposiciouns #beec porismes--,,ms4 poeismes1 ,c4 porysmes #beed wil--wole ,headnote3 ,,the ,,happy ,,man ,,is ,a ,,god4 ,sidenote3 so by partaking of ,divinity they must necessarily1 and by parity of reason1 become gods4 ,ryt so nedes by e semblable resoun whan ei han getyn pg #ib diuinite ei ben maked goddys4 ,sidenote3 ,every happy man then is a god4 ,but by nature there is only ,one2 but by participation of ,divine essence there may be many gods4 an is euery blisful man god4 ,but certis by nature4 er nys but oon god4 but by e participaciouns of diuinite ere ne lette ne #befd disturbe no ing at er ne ben many goddes4 is is quod 4,i4 a faire ing and a precious4 ,clepe it as ou wolt4 be it corolarie or porisme or mede of coroune or declarynges ,certys quod she no ing nis fairer4 #befh an is e ing at by resoun sholde ben added to ise forseide inges4 what ing quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,but as happiness seems to be an assemblage of many things1 ought we not to consider whether these several things constitute conjointly the body of happiness1 or whether there is not some one of these particular things that may complete the substance or essence of it1 and to which all the rest have a relation8 ,so quod she as it seme at blisfulnesse conteni many inges4 it were forto witen wheir at alle ise inges maken or #begb conioignen as a maner body of blysfulnesse by diuersite of parties or of membris4 ,or ellys yif any of alle ilke ingus be swyche at it acomplise by hym self e substaunce of blisfulnesse4 so at alle ise oer inges #begf ben referred and brout to blisfulnesse4 at is to seyne as to e chief of hem4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,illustrate this matter by proper examples4 ,i wolde quod ,i at ou makedest me clerly to vndirstonde what ou seist4 and at ou recordest me e forseide inges4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,as you grant that happiness is a good1 you may say the same of all the other goods2 for perfect sufficiency is identical with supreme felicity2 so is supreme power1 likewise high rank1 a shining reputation1 and perfect pleasure4 ,haue ,i nat #behj iuged quod she4 at blisfulnesse is goode4 is forsoe quod 4,i4 and at souereyne goode4 ,adde an quod she ilke goode at is maked blisfulnes to alle e forseide inges4 ,for ilke same blisfulnesse at is #behd demed to ben souereyne suffisaunce4 ilke self is souereyne power4 souereyne reuerence4 souereyne clernesse or noblesse and souereyne delit4 ,sidenote3 ,what say you1 then2 are all these things1 sufficiency1 power1 and the rest1 to be considered as constituent parts of felicity8 or are they to be referred to the sovereign good as their source and principal8 what seist ou an of alle ise inges4 at is to seyne4 suffisance power #behh and ise oer inges4 ben ei an as membris of blisfulnesse4 or ben ei referred and brout to souereyne good4 ,ryt as alle inges at ben brout to e chief of hem4 ,linenotes3 #befc oon--o #befd lette--let #beff faire--fayr #befg porisme--,,ms4 pousme1 ,c4 porisme #begb at--from ,c4 #begc maner--manere by--be #begd of--from ,c4 #bege swyche--swych #begf oer--oothre #begg seyne--seyn #begh chief--chef #beha goode is--good ys #behb souereyne goode--souereyn good #behc goode--good #behe self--selue #behh ise--,c4 omits seyne--seyn #behi oer--oothre ,headnote3 ,,good1 ,,the ,,rule ,,and ,,square ,,of ,,things ,,desirable4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i see what you are aiming at1 and ,i am desirous to hear your arguments4 b4 ,i vndirstonde wel quod 4,i4 what ou purposest to pg #ic seke4 but ,i desijre to herkene at ou shewe it me4 #beic ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if all these things were members of felicity1 they would differ one from another1 for it is the property of diverse parts to compose one body4 p4 ,take now us e discressioun of is questioun quod she4 yif al ise inges quod she weren membris to felicite4 an weren ei diuerse at oon fro at oer4 #beif ,and swiche is e nature of parties or of membris4 at dyuerse membris compounen a body4 ,sidenote3 ,but it has been well shown that all these things are the same and do not differ--therefore they are not parts1 for if they were1 happiness might be made up of one member--which is absurd and impossible4 ,certis quod ,i it ha wel ben shewed her byforne4 at alle ise inges ben alle on ing4 an ben ei none membris quod #bfjj she4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bb4 for ellys it sholde seme at blisfulnesse were conioigned 99al of one membre alone4 but at is a ing at may nat ben doon4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,this ,i doubt not1 but ,i desire to hear the sequel4 is ing quod 4,i4 nys nat doutous4 but ,i abide to herkene e remenaunt of e #bfjd questioun4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,all the things above-mentioned must be tried by ,good1 as the rule and square4 is is open and clere quod she4 at alle oer inges ben referred and brout to goode4 ,sidenote3 ,sufficiency1 power1 c41 are all desired1 because they are esteemed a good4 ,for erfore is suffisaunce requered4 ,for it is demed to ben good4 and fori is power requered4 for men trowen also #bfjh at it be goode4 and is same ing mowe we inken and coueiten of reuerence and of noblesse and of delit4 ,sidenote3 ,good is the cause why all things are desired4 an is souereyne good e soume and e cause of alle at aute be desired4 ,sidenote3 ,for that which contains no good1 either in reality or appearance1 can never be desired4 forwhi ilke ing at wi-holde no #bfab good in it self ne semblaunce of goode it ne may nat wel in no manere be desired ne requered4 ,sidenote3 ,on the contrary1 things not essentially good are desired because they appear to be real goods4 and e contrarie4 ,for ou at inges by hir nature ne ben nat goode algates yif men wene at ei ben goode it ben #bfaf ei desired as ou at ei were verrayly goode4 ,sidenote3 ,hence1 ,good is esteemed as the cause and end of all things that we desire4 and erfore is it at men auten to wene by ryt at bounte be souereyne fyn and e cause of alle inges at ben to requeren4 ,sidenote3 ,that which is the cause of our desiring any thing is itself what we chiefly want4 ,but certis ilke at is cause for whiche #bfbj men requeren any ing4 it seme at ilke same ing be most desired4 ,sidenote3 ,if a man desire to ride on account of health--it is not the ride he wants so much as its salutary effects4 as us yif at a wyt wolde ryde for cause of hele4 he ne desire nat so mychel e moeuyng to ryden as e effect of his heele4 pg #id ,sidenote3 ,since all things are sought after for the sake of ,good1 they cannot be more desirable than the good itself4 ,now an #bfbd syn at alle inges ben requered for e grace of good4 ei ne ben nat desired of alle folk more an e same good ,sidenote3 ,it has been shown that all the aforesaid things are only pursued for the sake of happiness--hence it is clear that good and happiness are essentially the same4 ,but we han graunted at blysfulnesse is at ing for whiche at alle ise oer inges ben desired4 #bfbh an is it us at certis only blisfulnesse is requered and desired ,by whiche ing it shewe clerely at good and blisfulnesse is al oone and e same substaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i see no cause to differ from you4 ,i se nat quod ,i wher fore at men myten discorden #bfcb in is4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it has been proved that ,god and happiness are identical and inseparable4 p4 and we han shewed at god and verrey blysfulnesse is al oon ing ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that is true4 at is soe quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,therefore the substance of ,god is also the same as that of the ,supreme ,good4 an mowe we conclude sikerly at e substaunce of god is set in ilke same good and in noon oer place4 #bfcf ,linenotes3 #beia brout--,,ms wrout1 ,c4 browht #beic desijre to herkene--desire for to herkne #beid ,take--tak #beif fro--from #beig swiche--swhych #bfjj on ing--othing #bfjb one--on #bfjc ben doon--be don #bfjd herkene--herknen #bfje clere--cler oer--oothre #bfjf goode--good #bfji goode--good mowe--mowen #bfag at--from ,c4 were verrayly--weeren verraylyche #bfah erfore--therfor auten--owhten #bfai alle--alle the #bfbj whiche--whych #bfbc mychel--mochel #bfbd moeuyng--moeuynge #bfbf nat--from ,c4 #bfbh oer--oothre #bfcj clerely--clerly good and blisfulnesse--of good and of blysfulnesse #bfca oone--oon #bfcb myten--myhten #bfcd oon--oo soe--soth #bfce mowe--mowen #bfcf set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set ,headnote3 ,,god ,a ,,haven ,,of ,,rest4 ,,nunc ,,omnes ,,pariter ,,et,c4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ajthe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,come hither1 all ye that are captives--bound and fettered with the chains of earthly desires2--come to this source of goodness1 where you shall find rest and security4 ,o ,come alle to-gidre now e at ben ycaut and ybounde wi wickede cheines by e deceiuable delit of erely inges inhabytynge in oure out4 here shal ben e reste of oure laboures4 here is e hauene #bfdj stable in peisible quiete4 is al oone is e open refut to wreches4 ,sidenote3 ,chaucer's gloss upon the ,text4 ,glosa4 is is to seyn4 at e at ben combred and deceyued wi worldly affecciouns come now to is souereyne good at is god4 at is refut to hem at #bfdd wolen come to hym4 ,sidenote3 ,not the gold of ,tagus or of ,hermus1 nor the gems of ,india1 can clear the mental sight from vain delusions1 but rather darken it4 ,textus4 ,alle e inges at e ryuere ,tagus iue ow wi his goldene grauels4 or ellys alle e ynges at e ryuere hermus4 iue wi his rede brynke4 or at yndus iue at is nexte e hote #bfdh partie of e worlde4 at medele e grene stones 7smaragde7 wi e white 7margarits74 ne sholde nat cleren e lokynge of oure ot4 but hiden raer oure blynde corages wi inne hire dirkenesse ,sidenote3 ,such sources of our delight are found in the earth's gloomy caverns1--but the bright light that rules the heavens dispels the darkness of the soul4 ,alle at #bfeb like ow here and exciti and moeue oure outes4 e ere ha noryshed it in hys lowe caues4 but e pg #ie shynyng by e whiche e heuene is gouerned and whennes at it ha hys strenge at chase e derke #bfef ouerrowyng of e soule4 ,sidenote3 ,he who has seen this light will confess that the beams of the sun are weak and dim4 ,and who so euer may knowen ilke lyt of blisfulnesse4 he shal wel seine at e white bemes of e sonne ne ben nat cleer4 ,linenotes3 #bfch wickede--wyckyde #bfci1 #bfdj here--her #bfdj hauene--,,ms4 heuene1 ,c4 hauene #bfda al oone--allone #bfdc worldly--worldely #bfde come--comyn #bfdf goldene grauels--goldene grauayles #bfdg ynges--,,ms4 rynges1 ,c4 thinges hermus--,,ms4 herinus1 ,c4 herynus #bfdh nexte--next #bfdi worlde--world #bfed1 #bfef ha--,,ms4 hae #bfed hys--hyse #bfef chase e derke--eschueth the dyrke #bfeg euer--,c4 omits #bfeh seine--seyn ,headnote3 ,,men ,,do ,,not ,,seek ,,true ,,felicity4 ,,assencior ,,inq,,ua,m ,,cuncta4 ,boice4 ,sidenote3 ,the #aa prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i assent1 and am convinced by the force of your arguments4 ,i assente me quod 4,i4 ,for alle ise inges ben #bffj strongly bounden wi ryt ferme resouns4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,but how greatly would you value it1 did you fully know what this good is8 how mychel wilt ou preisen it quod she4 yif at ou knowe what ilke goode is4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i should value it infinitely if at the same time ,i might attain to the knowledge of ,god1 who is the sovereign good4 ,i wol preise it quod ,i by price wi outen ende4 yif it shal bytyde me to #bffd knowe also to-gidre god at is good4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i shall elucidate this matter by incontrovertible reasons if thou wilt grant me those things which ,i have before laid down as conclusions4 certys quod she at shal ,i do e by verray resoun4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bb b4 yif at o inges at ,i haue concluded a litel her by 99forne dwellen oonly in hir firste grauntyng4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i grant them all4 ,boice4 ei dwellen graunted #bffh to e quod 4,i4 is is to seyne as who sei 4,i4 graunt i forseide conclusiouns4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,have ,i not shown that the things which the majority of mankind so eagerly pursue are not true and perfect goods1 for they differ from one another2 and because where one of them is absent the others cannot confer absolute happiness 7or good78 ,haue ,i nat shewed e quod she at e inges at ben requered of many folke4 ne ben nat verray goodes ne perfit4 for ei ben diuerse at #bfgb oon fro at oer4 and so as eche of hem is lakkyng to oer4 ei ne han no power to bryngen a good at is ful and absolute4 ,sidenote3 ,have ,i not shown1 too1 that the true and chief good is made up of an assemblage of all the goods in such a way1 that if sufficiency is an attribute of this good1 it must at the same time possess power1 reverence1 c4 ,but an atte arst ben ei verray good whan ei ben gadred to-gidre al in to a forme and in #bfgf to oon wirchyng4 so at ilke ing at is suffisaunce4 ilk same be power and reuerence4 and noblesse and mire4 ,sidenote3 ,if they be not one and the same1 why should they be classed among desirable things8 ,and forsoe but alle ise inges ben alle o same ing ei ne han nat wher by at ei mowen ben #bfhj put in e noumbre of inges4 at auten ben requered or desired4 b4 ,it is shewed quod 4,i4 ne her of may er no man douten4 ,sidenote3 ,while these things differ from one another they are not goods2 but as soon as they become one then they are made goods4--,do not they owe their being good to their unity8 p4 e inges an quod she at ne ben none goodes whan ei ben diuerse4 and whan ei pg #if bygynnen to ben al o ing4 an ben ei goodes4 ne #bfhe comi it hem nat an by e getynge of unite at ei ben maked goodes4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,so it appears4 b4 so it seme quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do you confess that everything that is good becomes such by the participation of the sovereign good or no8 but alle ing at is good quod she grauntest ou at it be good by participacioun #bfhh of good or no4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it is so4 ,i graunte it quod 4,i4 ,linenotes3 #bffj assente--assente #bffb mychel--mochel #bffc goode--good #bffd price--prys #bffi is--omitted seyne--seyn #bfga folke--folkes #bfgc oer--oothre eche--ech #bfge absolute--absolut atte arst--at erste #bfgf al--alle a--,o #bfgg to--omitted wirchyng--wyrkynge #bfgh ilk--thilke #bfha put--,,ms4 putte1 ,c4 put auten--owhten #bfhd none--no #bfhe al o--alle oon #bfhf comi--comth #bfhi graunte--graunte ,headnote3 ,,unity ,,necessary ,,to ,,existence4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then you must own that unity and good are the same 7for the substance of those things must be the same1 whose effects do not naturally differ74 an mayst ou graunten it quod she by sembleable resoun at oon and good ben o same ing4 ,for of inges of whiche at e effect nis nat naturely diuerse #bfib nedys e substaunce mot ben o same inge4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i cannot gainsay it4 ,i ne may nat denye it quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do you not perceive that everything which exists is permanent so long as it preserves its unity--but as soon as it loses this1 it is dissolved and annihilated8 ,hast ou nat knowen wel quod she4 at al ing at is ha so longe his dwellyng and his substaunce4 as longe is it oone4 but whan it #bfif forleti to ben oone it mot nedis dien and corrumpe togidre4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,how so8 ,in whiche manere quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,in the animal creation as long as the soul and the body are united and conjoined in one1 this being is called an animal or beast1 but when the union is dissolved by the separation of these1 the animal perishes and is no longer a beast4 ,ryt as in beestes quod she4 whan e soule and e body ben conioigned in oon and dwellen to-gidre it is cleped a #bgjj beest4 and whan hire vnite is destroied by disseueraunce at oon fram at oir4 an shewe it wel at it is a dede ing4 and at it is no lenger no beste4 ,sidenote3 ,the same may be said of man and all other things2 they subsist while unity is preserved1 but as soon as that is destroyed the things themselves lose their existence4 and e body of a wyt while it dwelle in oon forme by coniunccioun #bgjd of membris it is wel seyn at it is a figure of mankynde4 and yif e partyes of e body ben so diuided and disseuered at oon fro at oir at ei destroien vnite4 e body forleti to ben at it was byforne4 #bgjh ,and who so wolde renne in e same manere by alle inges he sholde seen at wi outen doute euery inge is in his substaunce as longe as it is oon4 and whan it forleti to ben oon it die and perissi4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i believe we should find this true in every case4 boice4 #bgab whan ,i considre quod ,i many inges ,i see noon oer4 ,linenotes3 #bfij mayst ou graunten--mosthow graunten #bfib of--from ,c4 #bfie al--alle ha--,,ms4 hae #bfif1 #bfig oone--oon #bfih whiche--which #bgjc dede--ded lenger--lengere beste--beest #bgjd while--whil oon--oo #bgjf so diuided--so deuydyd #bgji so--omitted #bgac many--manye ,headnote3 ,,nature ,,sustains ,,vegetation4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,is there anything which acts naturally that forgoes this desire of existence and wishes for death and corruption8 ,is er any ing anne quod she at in as moche as it lyue naturely4 at forleti e appetit or talent of #bgae hys beynge4 and desire to come to dee and to corrupcioun4 pg #ig ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i do not find any creature endowed with volition1 which1 of itself and without constraint1 renounces or despises life and self-preservation or willingly hastens to destruction4 yif ,i considere quod ,i e beestes at han any manere nature of willynge or of nillynge ,i ne fynde no ing4 but yif it be constreyned fro wi out fore4 at forleti or dispise to lyue and to duren #bgbj or at wole his ankes hasten hym to dien4 ,for euery beest trauayle hym to defende and kepe e sauuacioun of lijf4 and eschewe dee and destruccioun4 ,sidenote3 ,but with regard to herbs and trees1 ,i am doubtful whether ,i ought to have the same opinion of them1 for they have no sensitive soul1 nor any natural volition like animals4 b4 but certys ,i doute me of herbes and of trees4 at is #bgbd to seyn at ,i am in a doute of swiche inges as herbes or trees at ne han no felyng soule4 ne no naturel wirchynges seruyng to appetite as beestes han wheer ei han appetite to dwellen and to duren4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,there is no cause for doubt in respect to these4 ,certis #bgbh quod she ne er of ar e nat doute4 ,sidenote3 ,herbs and trees first choose a convenient place to grow in1 where1 agreeably to their respective natures1 they are sure to thrive1 and are in no danger of perishing2 for some grow on plains1 some on mountains1 c42 and if you try to transplant them1 they forthwith wither and die4 ,now look vpon ise herbes and ise trees4 ei waxen firste in swiche place as ben couenable to hem4 in whiche place ei ne mowen nat sone dien ne dryen as longe as hire #bgcb nature may defenden hem4 ,for some of hem waxen in feldes and some in mountaignes4 and oir waxen in mareis4 ,a leaf lost here1 and supplied from ,c4 and oothre cleuyn on ,roches _/ and soume waxen plentyuos #bgcf in sondes _/ and yif at any wyht enforce hym to beryn hem in to oother places _/ they wexen drye _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,to everything that vegetates1 nature gives what is needful for its subsistence1 and takes care that they should not perish before their time4 ,for nature yeueth to euery thing at _/ at is conuenient to hym and trauaylith at they ne dye nat as longe as they #bgdj han power to dwellyn and to lyuen _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,need ,i tell you that plants are nourished by their roots 7which are so many mouths hid in the earth71 and diffuse strength throughout the whole plant1 as through their marrow8 what woltow seyn of this _/ at they drawen alle hyr norysshynges by hyr rootes _/ ryht as they haddyn hyr ,mowthes ,i4-plounged #bgdc with in the erthes _/ and shedyn by hyr maryes 7i4 medullas7 hyr wode and hyr bark _/ ,sidenote3 ,and further1 it is admirably contrived that the pith1 the most tender part of plants1 is hid in the middle of the trunk1 surrounded with hard and solid wood1 and with an outer coat of bark to ward off the storms and weather4 and what woltow seyn of this at thilke thing _/ at is ryht softe as the marye 7i4 sapp7 is _/ at is alwey hidd in the feete al with inne and at it is defendid fro with owte by the stidefastnesse of #bgdh wode _/_/ and at the vttereste bark is put ayenis the destempraunce of the heuene _/ as a defendowr myhty to suffren pg #ih harm _/ ,sidenote3 ,admire1 too1 the diligence of nature in propagating plants by a multiplicity of seeds1 which are as a foundation for a building1 not to remain for a time1 but as it were for ever4 and thus certes maystow wel sen _/ how gret is the diligence of nature _/ ,for alle thinges renouelen and #bgeb pupllisen hem with seed 4,i4-multiplyed _/ nether nis no man at ne wot wel at they ne ben ryht as a foundement and edyfice for to duren _/ nat only for a tyme _/ but ryht as forto duren perdurablely by generacyoun _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,things inanimate incline to what is most suitable to their beings1 and to preserve continuance4 and the thinges ek #bgef at men wenen ne hauen none sowles _/ ne desire they nat ech of hem by semblable resoun to kepyn at that is hirs _/ at is to seyn at is acordynge to hyr nature in conseruacioun of hyr beynge and endurynge _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,for why should the flame mount upwards by lightness1 and the earth tend towards its centre by gravity 7weight71 unless these motions were agreeable to their respective natures8 ,for wher for elles berith #bgfj lythnesse the flaumbes vp _/ and the weyhte presseth the erthe a-doun _/_/ but ,for as moche as thilke places and thilke moeuynges ben couenable to euerich of hem _/_/ ,linenotes3 #bgah willynge--wylnynge or--and #bgai ing--beest out fore--owte forth #bgbj lyue--lyuen #bgbc of lijf--of hys lyf #bgbf soule--sowles #bgbg appetite--appetites #bgbi look--loke #bgcj waxen firste--wexen fyrst #bgcc1 #bgcd some--som #bgcd oir--oothre #bgec pupllisen--,h4 publisshen7 #bgee edyfice--,,ms4 edyfite a tyme--,h4 oon7 tyme #bgeh that--,h4 omits hirs--,h4 his ,headnote3 ,,the ,,love ,,of ,,life ,,is ,,instinctive4 ,sidenote3 ,whatever is agreeable to the nature of a thing preserves it4 ,so what is contrary to its nature destroys it4 and forsothe euery thing kepith thilke at is acordynge #bgfd and propre to hym _/_/ ryht as thinges at ben contraryes and enemys corompen hem _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,dense bodies1 such as stones1 resist an easy separation of parts2 whereas the particles of liquid or flowing things1 such as air and water1 are easily separated and soon reunited4 and yit the harde thinges as stoones clyuen and holden hyr partyes to gydere ryht faste and harde _/ and deffenden hem in withstondenge #bgfh at they ne departe nat lyhtly a twyne _/_/ and the thinges at ben softe and fletynge as is water and ,eyr they departyn lyhtly _/_/ and yeuen place to hem at brekyn or deuyden hem _/_/ but natheles they retornen #bggb sone ayein in to the same thinges fro whennes they ben arraced _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,fire avoids and utterly refuses any such division4 but fyr fleet and refuseth alle deuysyoun _/ ,sidenote3 ,i am not now treating of the voluntary motion of a conscious soul1 but of the natural intention and instinct4 ne ,i4 ne trete nat heere now of weleful moeuynges of the sowle at is knowynge _/_/ but of the naturel entencioun #bggf of thinges _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,we swallow our meat without thinking of it1 and we draw our breath in sleep without perception4 ,as thus ryht as we swolwe the mete at we resseyuen and ne thinke nat on it _/ and as we drawen owre breth in slepynge at we wite it nat whil we slepyt _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,the love of life in animals is not derived from an intellectual will1 but from natural principles implanted in them4 ,for certes in the beestys the loue of hyr lyuynges ne of #bghj hyr beeinges ne comth nat of the wilnynges of the sowle _/_/ but of the bygynnyngis of nature _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,for the will1 induced by powerful reasons1 sometimes chooses and embraces death1 although nature dreads and abhors it4 ,for certes thorw constreynynge causes _/ wil desireth and embraceth ful ofte tyme _/ the deth at nature dredith _/_/ that is to seyn pg #ii as thus that a man may ben constreynyd so by som #bghe cause that his wil desireth and taketh the deth which at nature hateth and dredeth ful sore _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,and1 on the contrary1 we see that concupiscence 7by which alone the human race is perpetuated7 is often restrained by the will4 ,and som tyme we seeth the contrarye _/ as thus that the wil of a wight _/ #bghh destorbeth and constreyneth at at nature desireth _/ and requereth al-wey _/_/ that is to sein the werk of generacioun _/ by the whiche generacioun only _/ dwelleth and is sustenyd the longe durablete of mortal thinges _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,self-love possessed by every creature is not the product of volition1 but proceeds from a natural impression or intention of nature4 ,and thus #bgib this charite and this ,loue at euery thing hath to hym self ne comth nat of the moeuynge of the sowle _/ but of the entencioun of nature _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,providence has implanted in all created things an instinct1 for the purpose of self-preservation1 by which they desire to prolong existence to its utmost limits4 ,for the puruyance of god hat yeuen to thinges at ben creat of hym _/ this at is #bgif a ful gret cause _/ to lyuen and to duren _/ for which they desiren naturelly hyr lyf as longe as euer they mowen _/_/ ,linenotes3 #bggd fleeth--from ,h4 #bgge weleful--,h4 wilfulle #bggi slepyt--,h4 slepen #bghh seeth--,h4 seen7 wil--,h4 wille #bgib ,and--,h4 as #bgif hat--,h4 haue ,headnote3 ,,the ,,will ,,is ,,superior ,,to ,,instinct4 ,sidenote3 ,doubt not1 therefore1 that everything which exists desires existence and avoids dissolution4 ,for whych thou maist nat drede by no manere _/ that alle the thinges _/ that ben anywhere _/ that they ne requeren #bhjj naturelly _/ the ferme stablenesse of perdurable dwellynge _/ and ek the eschuynge of destruccyoun _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,you have made those things perfectly plain and intelligible1 which before were obscure and doubtful4 ,b _/_/ now confesse ,i4 wel quod ,i4 that ,i4 see wel now certeynly _/ with owte dowtes _/ the thinges that whylom semeden #bhjd vncerteyn to me _/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,that which desires to subsist desires also to retain its unity for if this be taken away it cannot continue to exist4 ,p4 _/_/ but quod she thilke thyng at desiret to be and to dwellyn perdurablely _/ he desireth to ben oon _/_/ ,for yif at that oon weere destroied _/_/ certes beinge ne shulde ther non dwellyn to no wiht _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that is very true6 that #bhjh is sot quod ,i4 _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,all things then desire one thing--unity4 ,thanne quod she desirin alle thinges oon _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,they do4 4,i4 assente quod 4,i4 _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,unity then is the same as good4 and ,i haue shewyd quod she that thilke same oon is thilke that is good _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,yes4 ,b _/_/ ye forsothe quod ,i4 _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,thus all things desire good--and it is one and the same good that all creatures desire4 ,alle thinges thanne quod she requyren #bhab good _/_/ ,and thilke good thanne ow maist descryuen ryht thus _/_/ ,good is thilke thing at euery wyht desireth _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,nothing is more true4 ,for either all things must be reduced to nothing 7or have no relation to anything else71 and1 destitute of a head1 float about without control or order2 or if there be anything to which all things tend1 that must be the supreme good4 ,ther ne may be thowht quod 4,i4 no moore verray thing _/ for either alle thinges ben referred and #bhaf browht to nowht _/ and floteryn with owte gouernour despoiled of oon _/ as of hir propre heued _/ or elles yif pg #ajj ther be any thinge _/ to which at alle thinges tenden and hyen _/ that thing moste ben the souereyn good of #bhbj alle goodes _/ ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i rejoice greatly1 my dear pupil1 that you so clearly apprehend this truth1 of which but just now you were ignorant4 ,p _/4 thanne seyde she thus _/_/ ,o my norry quod she ,i haue gret gladnesse of the _/_/ ,for thow hast fichched in thin herte the myddel sothtfastnesse _/_/ that is to seyn the prykke _/_/ but this thing hath ben #bhbd descouered to the _/ in that thow seydyst at thow wystest nat a lytel her by-forn _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what was that8 what was that quod ,i4 _/_/ ,headnote3 ,,the ,,end ,,of ,,all ,,things4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the ,end of all things4 ,and this is what every one desires2 but we have shown that good is the thing desired by all1 therefore ,good is the ,end of all things4 ,that thow ne wystest nat quod she whych was the ende of thinges _/_/ and ,certes that is the thing at #bhbh euery wiht desireth _/_/ and for as mochel as we han gaderid _/ and comprehendyd that good is thilke thing that is desired of alle _/ thanne moten we nedes confessun _/ that good is the fyn of alle thinges4 #bhcb ,linenotes3 #bhjj the--,h4 o #bhjf perdurablely--,h4 perdurably #bhjg destroied--,h4 destrued #bhaa thilke 7#a7--;,h4 ilke #bhah heued or elles--,h4 hede or els #bhbj hyen--,h4 hyen7 to moste--,h4 must ,headnote3 ,,truth ,,intuitive4 ,,quisquis ,p,,ro,,funda ,,mente4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#aa4 ,metrum4 ,sidenote3 ,he who seeks truth with deep research and is unwilling to go wrong1 should collect his slumbering thoughts1 and turn the inner light upon the soul itself4 ,w,ho so that sekith sot by a deep thoght ,and coueyteth nat to ben deseyuyd by no mys-weyes _/_/ lat hym rollen and trenden with ,inne hym self _/ the ,lyht of his inward syhte _/_/ ,and lat hym gadere ayein enclynynge #bhcf in to a compas the longe moeuynges of hys thowhtes _/ ,sidenote3 ,the knowledge that he seeks without he will find treasured up in the recesses of the mind4 ,and lat hym techen his corage that he hath enclosed and hyd _/ in his tresors _/ al at he compaseth or sekith fro with owte _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,the light of ,truth will disperse ,error's dark clouds1 and shine forth brighter than the sun4 ,and thanne thilke thing that the #bhdj blake cloude of errour whilom hadde y-couered _/ shal lyhten more clerly thanne phebus hym self ne shyneth _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,chaucer's gloss4 ,glosa _/_/ who so wole seken the depe grounde _/ of soth #bhdc in his thowht _/ and wol nat be deceyuyd by false proposiciouns _/ that goon amys fro the trouthe _/_/ lat hym wel examine _/ and rolle with inne hym self the nature and the propretes of the thing _/_/ and lat hym yit eft sones examine and rollen his thowhtes by good deliberacioun #bhdh or that he deme _/_/ and lat hym techen his sowle that it pg #aja hat by naturel pryncyplis kyndeliche y-hyd with in it self alle the trowthe the whiche he ymagynith to ben in thinges with owte _/_/ ,and thanne alle the dyrknesse of #bheb his mysknowynge shal seen more euydently to e syhte of his vndyrstondynge thanne the sonne ne semyth to e syhte with owte forth _/ ,sidenote3 ,for when the body enclosed the soul and cast oblivion o'er its powers it did wholly exterminate the heaven-born light4 ,for certes the body bryngynge the weyhte of foryetynge _/ ne hath nat chasyd #bhef owt of yowre thowhte al the clernesse of yowre knowyng _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,the germs of truth were latent within1 and were fanned into action by the gentle breath of learning4 ,for certeynly the seed of sooth haldith and clyueth with in yowre corage _/ and it is a-waked and excited by the wynde and by the blastes of doctryne _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,were not truth implanted in the heart1 how could man distinguish right from wrong8 ,for where #bhfj for elles demen ye of yowre owne wyl the ryhtes whan ye ben axed _/_/ but yif so were at the noryssynges of resoun ne lyuede 4,i4-plowngyd in the depthe of yowre herte _/_/ this is to seyn how sholden men demen e #bhfd sooth of any thing at weere axed _/ yif ther neere a ,roote of sothfastnesse at weere yplowngyd and hyd in the naturel pryncyplis _/ the whiche sothfastnesse lyued with in the depnesse of the thowght _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,so1 if what ,plato taught is true1 #8to learn is no other than to remember what had been before forgotten4' and yif #bhfh so be at the ,muse and the doctryne of plato syngyth sooth _/_/ al at euery whyht lerneth _/ he ne doth no thing elles thanne but recordeth as men recordyn thinges at ben foryetyn4 #bhgb ,linenotes3 #bhch his--,h4 is that--,h4 and at #bhda blake--,h4 blak hadde y-couered--,h4 had couered #bhdb lyhten--,h4 light #bhdc depe--,c4 dep1 ,h4 depe #bhdg thing--,h4 ynges #bhfc depthe--,h4 depe #bhfd is--from ,h4 sholden--,h4 shulde #bhfg naturel--,h4 naturelle ,headnote3 ,,the ,,world ,,governed ,,by ,,god4 ,,tum ,,ego ,,platoni ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#ab4 prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i am quite of ,plato's opinion1 for you have now a second time recalled these things to my remembrance which had been forgotten1 first by the contagious union of soul and body1 and afterwards by the pressure of my afflictions4 ,t,hanne seide ,i thus _/_/ ,i acorde me gretly to plato _/ for thow remenbrist and recordist me thise thinges yit ,sidenote3 99,addit4 ,,ms4 #aj1cdj1 fol4 #bc4 99e seconde tyme4 at is to seyn4 first whan ,i loste my memorie by e contagios coniunccioun of e body wi #bhgf e soule4 and eftsones afterward whan ,i loste it confounded by e charge and by e burden of my sorwe4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if you will reflect upon the concessions you have already made1 you will soon call to mind that truth1 of which you lately confessed your ignorance4 ,and an sayde she us4 ,if ou looke quod she firste e inges at ou hast graunted it ne shal nat #bhhj ben ryt feer at ou ne shalt remembren ilke ing at pg #ajb ou seidest at ou nistest nat4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what is that8 what ing quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it was1 by what power the world is governed4 by whiche gouerment quod she at is worlde is gouerned4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,with regard to that1 ,i own ,i confessed my ignorance1 but though ,i now remotely see what you infer1 yet ,i wish for further explanation from you4 ,me remembri it wel quod ,i4 and ,i confesse #bhhd wel at ,i ne wiste it nat ,but al be it so at ,i se now from afer what ou purposest ,algates ,i desire it to herkene it of e more pleynely4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,you acknowledged a little while ago that this world was governed by ,god8 ou ne wendest nat quod she a litel here byforne at men #bhhh sholden doute at is worlde is gouerned by god4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i still cling to this opinion1 and will give you my reasons for this belief4 ,certys quod ,i ne itte doute ,i it naut4 ne ,i nil neuer wene at it were to doute4 as who sei4 but ,i wot wel at god gouerne is worlde4 ,and ,i shal #bhib shortly answere e by what resouns ,i am brout to is4 ,sidenote3 ,the discordant elements of this world would never have assumed their present form unless there had been a wise ,intelligence to unite them2 and even after such a union1 the joining of such opposites would have disunited and ruined the fabric made up of them1 had not the same conjoining hand kept them together4 is worlde quod ,i of so many dyuerse and contrarious parties ne myten neuer han ben assembled in o forme4 but yif ere ne were oon at conioigned so manye #bhif diuerse inges4 ,and e same diuersite of hire natures at so discordeden at oon fro at oer moste departen and vnioignen e inges at ben conioigned4 yif ere ne were oon at contenede at he ha conioigned #bijj and ybounde4 ,sidenote3 ,the order that reigns throughout nature could not proceed so regularly and uniformly if there were not a ,being1 unchangeable and stedfast1 to order and dispose so great a diversity of changes4 ne e certein ordre of nature ne sholde4 nat brynge fure so ordinee moeuynge4 by places4 by tymes4 by doynges4 by spaces4 by qualites4 yif ere ne were oon at were ay stedfast dwellynge4 #bijd at ordeynede and disposede ise diuersites of moeuynges4 ,sidenote3 ,this ,being1 the creator and ruler of all things1 ,i call ,god4 and ilke inge what so euer it be4 by whiche at alle inges ben maked and ylad4 ,i clepe hym god at is a worde at is vsed to alle folke4 #bijh ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,as thy sentiments on these points are so just ,i have but little more to do--for thou mayest be happy and secure1 and revisit thy own country4 an seide she4 syn ou felest us ise inges quod she4 ,i trowe at ,i haue lytel more to done4 at ou myty of wilfulnesse hool and sounde ne se eftsones i contre4 ,linenotes3 #bhge1 #bhgg loste--loste #bhgh burden--burdene #bhgi looke--looke #bhhj firste--fyrst #bhhc whiche--which gouerment--gouernement worlde--wordyl #bhhe wiste--wiste #bhhg pleynely--pleynly #bhhh here byforne--her byforn #bhhi worlde is--world nis #bhij itte doute--yit ne dowte nil--nel #bhib wot--,,ms4 wote1 ,c4 wot #bhib1 #bhid worlde--world #bhic answere--answeren #bhid many--manye #bhie myten--myhte #bhif ere--ther manye--manye #bhig diuerse--from ,c4 hire--hir #bhih moste--moste #bijj ere--ther contenede--contenede ha--,,ms4 hae #bijb fure--forth ordinee moeuynge--ordene moeuynges #bijd ere--ther stedfast--stidefast #bije ordeynede--ordeynede disposede--disponede #bijg whiche--which ben--be ylad--,,ms4 yladde1 ,c4 ,i-ladd #bijh worde--word folke--foolk #biaa wilfulnesse--welefulnesse ,headnote3 ,,god ,,is ,,all-,,sufficient4 ,sidenote3 ,but let us reflect a little more upon these matters4 ,but lat vs loken e inges at we han purposed her-byforn4 pg #ajc ,sidenote3 ,did we not agree that ,sufficiency is of the nature of true happiness8 ,haue ,i nat noumbred and seid quod she #biac at suffisaunce is in blisfulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,and have we not seen that ,god is that true felicity1 and that ,he needs no external aid nor instruments8 and we han accorded at god is and ilke same blisfulnesse4 yis forsoe quod ,i4 and at to gouerne is worlde quod she4 ne shal he #biaf neuer han nede of none helpe fro wioute4 ,sidenote3 ,for if he should1 he would not be self-sufficient4 for ellys yif he hadde nede of any helpe4 he ne sholde not haue no ful suffisaunce4 is us it mot nedes be quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,and he directs all things by himself alone8 an ordeyne he by hym self al oon alle inges quod #bibj she4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it cannot be gainsaid4 at may nat ben denied quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i have shown that ,god is the chief good2 ,god must1 therefore1 direct and order all things by good1 since he governs them by himself1 whom we have proved to be the supreme good1 and he is that helm and rudder1 by which this machine of the world is steadily and securely conducted4 ,and ,i haue shewed at god is e same good4 ,it remembre me wel quod ,i4 an ordeine he alle inges by ilke goode quod she4 ,syn he whiche we han accorded to #bibd ben good gouerne alle ingus by hym self4 and he is a keye and a stiere by whiche at e edifice of is worlde is ykept stable and wi oute corumpynge ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i entirely agree to this1 and partly anticipated your remarks4 ,i accorde me gretly quod ,i4 and ,i aperceiuede a litel here byforn #bibh at ou woldest seyne us4 ,al be it so at it were by a inne suspecioun4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i believe it2 for your eyes are now more intent upon these great truths relating to true felicity2 but what ,i am going to say is not less open to your view4 ,i trowe it wel quod she4 ,for as ,i trowe ou leedest nowe more ententifly ine eyen to loken e verray goodes but naeles e inges at ,i #bicb shal telle e it ne shewe nat lasse to loken4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what is that8 what is at quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,as we believe that ,god governs all things by his goodness1 and that all things have a natural tendency towards the good1 can it be doubted but that they all voluntarily submit to the will and control of their ruler8 ,so as men trowen quod she and at rytfully at god gouerne alle inges by e keye of his goodnesse4 ,and alle ise same inges as ,i haue #bicf taut e4 hasten hem by naturel entencioun to comen to goode er may no man douten4 at ei ne ben gouerned uoluntariely4 and at ei ne conuerten hem nat of her owen wille to e wille of hire ordenour4 #bidj ,linenotes3 #biab han--ha #biac seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd #biaf worlde--world #biag none helpe--non help #biah hadde--hadde helpe--help #biai no--from ,c4 #bibj al oon--allone #biba ben denied--be denoyed #bibd1 #bibf whiche--which #bibe ben--be #bibf worlde--world #bibh gretly--gretely here--her #bibi seyne--seye #bica nowe--now #bicb naeles--nathles #bice rytfully--,,ms4 on rytfully #bicf haue--from ,c4 #bich goode--good #bici hem--from ,c4 #bidj nat--omitted her--hir owen--owne wille 7both7--wil hire--hyr ,headnote3 ,,all ,,things ,,submit ,,to ,,god4 as ei at ben accordyng and enclinynge to her gouernour and her kyng4 pg #ajd ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it cannot be otherwise4 ,there would be no safety for those who obey1 if the discord of a portion were allowed4 ,it mot nedys be so quod4 ,i4 ,sidenote3 99 ,fol4 #bc b4 99 ,for e realme ne sholde not seme blisful if ere were a ok of mysdrawynges in diuerse parties ne e sauynge of #bidd obedient inges ne sholde nat be4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,is there anything that follows the dictates of nature that seeks to counteract the will of ,god8 an is ere no ing quod she at kepi hys nature2 at enforce hym to gone aeyne god4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no4 ,no quod4 ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if there should be any such1 it could not prevail against him1 who is supremely happy and consequently omnipotent4 ,and if at any ing enforcede hym to wistonde god4 myte it auayle at #bidh e laste aeyns hym at we han graunted to ben al myty by e ryt of blisfulnesse4 ,certis quod ,i al outerly it ne myte nat auaylen hym4 ,sidenote3 ,then there is nothing that either will or can withstand this supreme good8 an is ere no ing quod she at eyer wol or may wistonde to is #bieb souereyne good4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,nothing1 certainly4 ,i trowe nat quod4 ,i ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it is then the supreme good that governs and orders all things powerfully and benignly4 an is ilke e souereyne good quod she at alle ingus gouerne strongly and ordeyne hem softly4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i am delighted with your conclusions1 but much more with your language2 so that fools may be ashamed of their objections to the divine government4 an seide ,i us4 ,i delite me quod ,i nat oonly in e endes or in e #bief sommes of the resouns at ou hast concludid and proued4 ,but ilke wordes at ou vsest deliten me moche more4 ,so at e laste fooles at somtyme renden greete inges auten ben asshamed of hem #bifj self4 ,sidenote3 ,chaucer's gloss4 at is to seyne at we fooles at reprehenden wickedly e ingus at touchen goddes gouernaunce we auten ben asshamed of oure self4 ,as ,i at seide god refuse oonly e werkes of men4 and ne entremeti nat #bifd of hem4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,you have read the ,poets' fables1 how the ,giants stormed heaven--how they were repulsed and punished according to their deserts2 but may we not compare our reasons together1 for by so doing some clear spark of truth may shine forth8 p4 ou hast wel herd quod she e fables of e poetes4 how e geauntes assailden e heuene wi e goddes4 but for soe e debonaire force of god disposede hem so as it was wori4 at is to seyne distroiede e #bifh geauntes4 as it was wori4 ,but wilt ou at we ioygnen togedre ilke same resouns4 for perauenture of swiche coniunccioun may sterten vp some faire sperkele of soe ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,as you please4 ,do quod ,i as e list4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,is ,god omnipotent8 wenest ou quod she #bigb at god ne is almyty4 no man is in doute of it4 pg #aje ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no one doubts it4 ,certys quod ,i no wyt ne defendi it if he be in hys mynde4 ,linenotes3 #bida her--hyr #bidc realme--,reaume seme--semen #bide ere--ther #bidg gone aeyne--goon ayein #bidh enforcede--enforcede myte--myhte auayle--auaylen #bidi aeyns--a-yenis #biea outerly--owtrely myte--myhte auaylen--,,ms4 aualeyne1 ,c4 auaylen hym--hem ere--ther #bieb wol--wole wistonde--with-stondyn is souereyne--his souereyn #biee softly--softtely #bieg sommes--somme the--from ,c4 #biei laste--laste #bifj greete--grete #bifj1 #bifc auten--owhten #bifa seyne--seyn #bife of hem--of it herd--,,ms4 herde1 ,c4 herd #bifg disposede--desposede #bifh seyne distroiede--seyn destroyede #biga swiche--swych some--som #bigb soe--soth list--liste #bigc is 7#a7--;be man--omitted is 7#b7--nis #bigd defendi--dowteth ,headnote3 ,,evil ,,has ,,no ,,existence4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if he is almighty1 there are1 then1 no limits to his power8 but he quod she at is al myty ere nis no ing at he ne may do4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,he can doubtless do all things4 at is soe quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,may ,god do evil8 ,may god done yuel #bigf quod she4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no4 nay for soe quod4 ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,is evil nothing1 since ,god1 who is almighty1 cannot do it8 an is yuel no ing quod she4 ,syn at he ne may not done yuel at may done alle inges4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,dost thou mock me or play with me1 leading me with thy arguments into an inextricable labyrinth1 and enclosing me in a wonderful circle of ,divine ,simplicity8 scornest ou me quod4 ,i4 or ellys pleyest ou or deceiuest ou me4 at hast so wouen me #bihj wi i resouns4 e house of didalus so entrelaced4 at it is vnable to ben vnlaced4 ou at oer while entrest ere ou issest and oer while issest ere ou entrest4 ne fooldest ou nat to gidre by replicacioun of wordes a #bihd maner wondirful cercle or envirounynge of symplicite deuyne4 ,sidenote3 ,for thou didst first begin with happiness1 and didst say that it was the sovereign good1 and that it resided in ,god2 then1 that ,god was that ,good and the perfection of happiness2 and1 hence1 thou didst infer that nobody could be happy unless he became likewise a ,god4 ,for certys a litel her byforne whan ou bygunne atte blisfulnesse ou seidest at it is souereyne good4 and seidest at it is set in souereyne god4 and at #bihh god is e fulle blisfulnesse4 for whiche ou afe me as a couenable ifte4 at is to seyne at no wyt nis blisful4 but yif he be good al so er wi ,sidenote3 ,again1 thou saidst that the very form of good was the substance whereof ,god and happiness were composed1 and that it was the object and desire of all things in nature4 and seidest eke at e forme of goode is e substaunce of god4 and #biib of blisfulnesse4 and seidest at ilke same oone is ilke same goode at is requered and desired of al e kynde of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,thou didst prove that ,god rules the world by his goodness1 and that all things willingly obeyed him2 and that evil has no existence4 and ou proeuedest in disputynge at god gouerne alle the inges of e worlde by e gouernementys #biif of bountee4 and seydest at alle inges wolen ybeyen to hym4 and seidest at e nature of yuel nis no ing4 ,sidenote3 ,these truths you established by forcible and natural arguments1 and by no strained and far-fetched reasons4 and ise inges ne shewedest ou nat wi no resouns ytake fro wioute but by proues in cercles and #cjjj homelyche knowen4 e whiche proeues drawen to hem self hir fei and hir accorde eueriche of hem of oer4 an seide she us4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i have not deluded you1 for by the ,divine aid we have accomplished our chief task4 ,i ne scorne e nat ne pleye ne desseyue e4 but ,i haue shewed to e inge at is grettest ouer pg #ajf alle inges by e ifte of god at we some tyme prayden #cjje ,linenotes3 #bige ere--ther #bigf do--,c4 omits soe--soth done--don #bigh1 #bigi done--don #bihj wouen--,,ms4 wonnen1 ,c4 wouen #biha house--hows #bihc ere 7both7--ther #bihg atte--at #bihh set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set #bihi fulle--fulle whiche--which afe--yaue #biij ifte--yift seyne--seyn #biib1 #biid goode--good #biic oone--oon #biid al--alle #biif the--from ,c4 #biih ybeyen--obeyen #biii no 7#b7--none #cjjj ytake--,i-taken #cjja homelyche--hoomlich #cjjb eueriche--euerich of--from ,c4 #cjjd e inge--the the thing #cjje ifte--yift some tyme prayden--whilom preyeden ,headnote3 ,,god ,,is ,,like ,a ,,sphere4 ,sidenote3 ,i have proved to you that it is an essential property of the ,divine nature not to go out of itself1 nor to receive into itself anything extraneous4 ,for is is e forme of the deuyne substaunce4 at is swiche at it ne slyde nat in to outerest foreine inges4 ne ne receyue no strange inges in hym4 #cjjh ,sidenote3 ,parmenides says of the ,deity that ,god is like a well-rounded sphere4 but ryt as parmaynws seide in grek of ilke deuyne substaunce4 he seide us at ilke deuyne substaunce torne e worlde and ilke cercle moeueable of inges while ilke dyuyne substaunce kepi it self wi outen #cjab moeuynge4 ,sidenote3 ,he causes the moving globe to revolve1 but is himself immovable4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bd4 at 99is to seyne at it ne moeui neuere mo4 and itte it moeue alle oer inges4 ,sidenote3 ,if ,i have chosen my arguments from the subjects within range of our discussion1 do not let that surprise you1 for1 as ,plato has taught us1 there ought to be an alliance between the words and the subject of discourse4 but na-eles yif ,i haue stered resouns at ne ben nat taken fro wi oute e compas of e inge of whiche we treten4 but resouns #cjaf at ben bystowed wi inne at compas ere nis nat whi at ou sholdest merueylen4 sen ou hast lerned by e sentence of plato at nedes e wordes moten ben cosynes to o inges of whiche ei speken4 #cjbj ,linenotes3 #cjjf the--from ,c4 #cjjg swiche--swich #cjji parmaynws--a parmanides #cjaa worlde--world #cjab while--whil wi outen--with owte #cjac seyne--seyn #cjad itte--yit oer--oothre #cjae haue--from ,c4 #cjaf whiche--which #cjag wi inne--with in #cjbj cosynes--,,ms4 conceyued1 ,c4 cosynes o--e whiche--which ,headnote3 ,,the ,,power ,,of ,,music4 ,,felix ,,qui ,,poterit4 ,,et ,,cet,,er,a4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#ab4 ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,happy is he that hath seen the lucid spring of truth6 ,happy the man that hath freed himself from terrestrial chains6 ,blisful is at man at may seen e clere welle of good4 blisful is he at may vnbynde hym fro e bonde of heuy ere4 ,sidenote3 ,the ,thracian poet1 consumed with grief for the loss of his wife1 sought relief from music4 e poete of trace orpheus at somtyme hadde ryt greet sorowe for e dee of hys wijf4 ,sidenote3 ,his mournful songs drew the woods along2 the rolling rivers ceased to flow2 the savage beasts became heedless of their prey2 the timid hare was not aghast at the hound4 aftir at #cjbd he hadde maked by hys wepely songes e wodes meueable to rennen4 and hadde ymaked e ryueres to stonden stille4 and maked e hertys and hyndes to ioignen dredles hir sides to cruel lyouns to herkene his songe4 #cjbh and hadde maked at e hare was nat agast of e hounde whiche at was plesed by hys songe4 ,sidenote3 ,but the songs that did all things tame1 could not allay their master's ardent love4 so at whane e moste ardaunt loue of hys wijf brende e entrailes of his brest4 ne e songes at hadde ouer pg #ajg comen alle inges ne myten nat assuage hir lorde #cjcc orpheus4 ,sidenote3 ,he bewailed the cruelty of the gods above1 and descended to ,pluto's realm4 ,he pleynede hym of e godes at weren cruel to hym4 he wente hym to e houses of helle ,sidenote3 ,there he struck his tuneful strings and sang1 exhausting all the harmonious art imparted to him by his mother ,calliope4 and ere he temprede hys blaundissyng songes by resounyng #cjcf of hys strenges4 ,and spak and song in wepynge alle at euer he hadde resceyued and laued oute of e noble welles of hys modir calliope e goddesse4 ,sidenote3 ,in songs dictated both by grief and love1 he implored the infernal powers to give him back his ,eurydice4 and he song wi as mychel as he myte of #cjdj wepynge4 and wi as myche as loue at doublede his sorwe myte euen hym and teche hym in his seke herte4 ,and he commoeuede e helle and requerede and soute by swete preiere e lordes of soules in helle #cjdd of relesynge4 at is to seyne to elden hym hys wif4 ,sidenote3 ,cerberus1 ,hell's three-headed porter1 stood amazed2 ,cerberus e porter of helle wi his re heuedes was caut and al abaist for e newe songe4 ,sidenote3 the ,furies1 tormentors of guilty souls1 did weep2 and e re goddesses furijs and vengerisse of felonies at tourmenten #cjdh and agasten e soules by anoye wexen sorweful and sory and wepen teres for pitee4 ,sidenote3 ,ixion1 tormented by the revolving wheel1 found rest2 an was nat e heued of ,ixione ytourmented by e ouerrowing whele4 ,sidenote3 ,tantalus1 suffering from a long and raging thirst1 despised the stream2 ,and tantalus at was destroied by e woodnesse of longe #cjeb rust dispise e flodes to drynke4 ,sidenote3 and the greedy vulture did cease to eat and tear the growing liver of ,tityus4 e fowel at hyt voltor at eti e stomak or e giser of ticius is so fulfilled of his songe at it nil etyn ne tyren no more4 ,linenotes3 #cjbb vnbynde--vnbyndyn bonde--bondes #cjbc orpheus--from ,c4 somtyme--whilom #cjbd sorowe--sorwe #cjbh dredles--dredeles to herkene--forto herknen #cjbi hadde--hadde #cjcj at 7#b7--omitted #cjca moste--moste #cjcb hadde--hadden #cjcc assuage--asswagen lorde--lord #cjcd pleynede--pleynede godes--heuene goodes #cjce wente--,,ms4 wenten1 ,c4 wente #cjcf temprede hys--temprede hise #cjcg of hys--,c4 omits spak--,,ms4 spakke1 ,c4 spak song--,,ms4 songe1 ,c4 soonge #cjch alle--al #cjci oute--owt goddesse--goddes #cjdj song--,,ms4 songe1 ,c4 soonge mychel--mochel #cjda myche--moche doublede--dowblede #cjdb myte--myhte euen--yeue teche--thechen in----herte--omitted #cjdc commoeuede--,,ms4 comaunded1 ,c4 commoeuede #cjdd soute--by-sowhte #cjde elden--yilden #cjdf his--hise #cjdg caut--,,ms4 caute1 ,c4 cawht newe songe--newe song #cjdi anoye----sorweful--anoy woxen soruful #cjej an--tho ne #cjea whele--wheel #cjec rust--thurst hyt--hihte #cjed fulfilled--fulfyld #cjee songe--song ,headnote3 ,,fix ,,not ,,the ,,thoughts ,,on ,,earthly ,,things4 ,sidenote3 ,at length ,pluto himself relented1 crying out1 #8,we are overcome6 ,let us give him back his wife1 he hath well won her by his song4 ,atte e laste e lorde and ,iuge of soules was moeued #cjef to misericordes and criede we ben ouer comen quod he4 yife we to orpheus his wijf to bere hym compaignye he ha welle ,i-bout hir by his faire songe and his ditee4 pg #ajh ,sidenote3 ,but we will lay this injunction upon him4 ,till he escape the infernal bounds1 he shall not cast a backward look4' but we wil putten a lawe in is4 and couenaunt #cjfj in e ifte4 at is to seyne4 at til he be out of helle yif he loke byhynden hym at hys wijf shal comen aeine to vs ,sidenote3 ,but1 who shall give a lover any law8 ,love is a greater law than may be given to any earthly man4 but what is he at may eue a lawe to loueres4 loue is a gretter lawe and a strengere to #cjfd hym self an any lawe at men may euen4 ,sidenote3 ,alas6 having left the realms of night1 ,orpheus cast a look behind and lost his too-much-loved ,euridice4 ,allas whan ,orpheus and his wijf were al most at e termes of e nyt4 at is to seyne at e laste boundes of helle4 ,orpheus lokede abakwarde on ,erudice his wijf and #cjfh loste hir and was deed4 ,sidenote3 ,this fable belongs to all you1 whose minds would view the ,sovereign ,good4 is fable apperteine to ow alle who so euer desire or seki to lede his oute in to e souereyne day4 at is to seyne to clerenesse of souereyne goode4 ,sidenote3 ,for he who fixes his thoughts upon earthly things and low1 must lose the noble and heaven-imparted ,good4 ,for who so at euere be so ouer #cjgb comen at he fycche hys eyen in to e putte of helle4 at is to seyne who so sette his outes in erely inges4 al at euer he ha drawen of e noble good celestial he lesi it whan he loke e helles4 at is to #cjgf seyne to lowe inges of e ere4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,tercius4 ,linenotes3 #cjef ,atte--,at lorde--lord #cjeg criede--cryde #cjeh yife--yiue #cjei ha--,,ms4 hae welle--wel faire--,c4 omits songe--song #cjfj wil putten--wol putte #cjfb byhynden--by-hynde at--from ,c4 #cjfc to--vn-to #cjfd gretter--gret #cjff were al most--weren almest #cjfg laste--laste #cjfh lokede abakwarde--lookede abacward #cjfi loste--loste #cjgj oute--thowht #cjga clerenesse--clernesse #cjgb souereyne goode--souereyn god #cjgc putte--putte #cjgd sette--sette #cjge ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,the ,,existence ,,of ,,evil4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bd b4 99,,incipit ,,liber ,,quartus4 ,,hec ,,cum ,,philosophia ,,dignitate ,,uult,,us4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ama prose4 ,sidenote3 ,when ,p4 with grace and dignity had poured forth her songs1 ,i1 not quite quit of my load of grief1 interrupted her as she was continuing her discourse4 ,whanne philosophie hadde songen softly and delitably e forseide inges kepynge e dignitee of hir choere in e weyte of hir wordes4 ,i an at ne hadde #cjhj nat al outerly foreten e wepyng and mournyng at was set in myne herte for-brek e entencioun of hir at entendede itte to seyne oer inges4 ,sidenote3 ,all your discourses1 ,o my conductress to the true light6 have been very clear and unanswerable1 both by the divine testimony which they carry along with them1 and by thy irrefragable arguments4 ,se quod ,i4 ou at art gideresse of verray lyte e inges at ou #cjhd hast seid me hider to ben to me so clere and so shewyng pg #aji by e deuyne lokyng of hem and by i resouns at ei ne mowe nat ben ouercomen4 ,sidenote3 ,through the oppression of grief ,i had forgotten these truths1 but was not wholly ignorant of them4 ,and ilke ingus at ou toldest me4 al be it so at ,i hadde som tyme #cjhh foreten hem for the sorwe of e wronge at ha ben don to me4 it naeles ei ne were nat alouterly vnknowen to me4 ,sidenote3 ,the principal cause of my trouble is this--that1 whilst the absolute ,ruler of all things is goodness itself1 evil exists and is allowed to pass unpunished4 but is same is namly a gret cause of my sorwe4 at so as e gouernoure of inges is goode4 #cjib yif at yuelys mowen ben by any weyes4 or ellys yif at yuelys passen wi outen punyssheinge4 ,sidenote3 ,this1 to say the least1 is astonishing4 e whiche inge oonly how wori it is to ben wondred vpon4 ou considerest it weel i self certeynly4 ,sidenote3 ,moreover1 while vice flourishes virtue is not only unrewarded1 but trampled under foot by base and profligate men1 and suffers the punishment due to impiety4 but itte to is #cjif ing ere is an oer ing y-ioigned more to ben ywondred vpon4 ,for felonie is emperisse and flowre ful of rycchesse4 and vertues nis nat al oonly wi outen medes4 but it is cast vndir and fortroden vndir e feet of felonous #cajj folk4 and it abie e tourmentes in sted of wicked felouns ,sidenote3 ,here is cause for wonderment1 since such things are possible under the government of an omniscient and omnipotent ,god1 who wills nothing but what is the best4 ,of alle whiche ing er nis no wyt at may merueyllen ynou ne compleyne at swiche inges ben don in e regne of god at alle inges woot4 #cajd and alle inges may and ne wool nat but only goode inges4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it were indeed1 not only marvellous1 but also horribly monstrous1 if1 in the well-regulated family of so great a master1 the worthless vessels should be honoured and the precious ones be despised3--but it is not so4 an seide she us4 certys quod she at were a grete meruayle and an enbaissynge wiouten ende4 and wel more horrible an alle monstres yif it were as #cajh ou wenest4 at is to sein4 at in e ryt ordeyne house of so mochel a fader and an ordenour of meyne4 at e vesseles at ben foule and vyle sholde ben honoured and heried4 and e precious uesseles sholde ben defouled #caab and vyle4 but it nis nat so4 ,sidenote3 ,for if the conclusions we have come to1 be sound and irrefragable1 we must confess that under ,god's rule the good are always powerful and mighty1 and the wicked weak and contemptible2 ,for yif e inges at ,i haue concluded a litel here byforne ben kept hoole pg #aaj and vnraced4 ou shalt wel knowe by e auctorite of god4 of e whos regne ,i speke at certys e goode #caaf folk ben alwey myty4 and shrewes ben alwey yuel and feble4 ,sidenote3 that vice never passes unpunished1 nor virtue goes unrewarded2 ne e vices ben neuere mo wi outen peyne2 ne e vertues ne ben nat wi outen mede4 ,sidenote3 that happiness attends good men1 and misfortune falls to the lot of the wicked4 and at blisfulnesses comen alwey to goode folke4 and infortune come #cabj alwey to wicked folke4 ,sidenote3 ,these and many other truths of like nature shall be proved to thee1 and shall put an end to thy complaints1 and strengthen thee with firmness and solidity4 ,and ou shalt wel knowe manye inges of is kynde at sholle cessen i pleyntes4 and stedfast e wi stedfast saddenesse4 ,sidenote3 ,having shown you a picture of true felicity1 and wherein it resides1 ,i shall now trace out the way which will lead you to your home4 ,and for ou hast seyn e forme of e verray blisfulnesse by me at #cabd haue somtyme ,i-shewed it e4 ,and ou hast knowen in whom blysfulnesse is set4 alle inges ,i treted at ,i trowe ben nessessarie to putte fure ,i shal shewe e4 e weye at shal brynge e aeyne vnto i house #cabh ,sidenote3 ,i will give your soul wings to soar aloft1 so that all tribulation being removed1 you may1 under my guiding1 by my road1 and with my vehicle1 return whole and sound into your own country4 and ,i shal ficche feeres in i out by whiche it may arysen in heyte4 so at al tribulacioun don awey ou by my gidyng by my pae and by my sledes shalt mowen retourne hool and sounde in to i contre4 #cacb ,linenotes3 #cjgh softly--softely #cjhj choere in--cheere and #cjhb set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set myne--,myn for-brek--,,ms4 for-breke1 ,c4 ,forbrak #cjhc entendede--entendede #cjhd lyte--lyht #cjhe seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seid me--from ,c4 #cjhf i--the #cjhg mowe--mowen #cjhh som tyme--whilom #cjhi the--from ,c4 wronge--wrong ha--,,ms4 hae #cjij don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don were--weeren #cjia namly--namely #cjib goode--good #cjid wi outen--with owte #cjie inge--thing #cjig ere--ther ben ywondred--be wondryd #cjih flowre--,,ms4 folwe1 ,c4 flowrith #cjii rycchesse--,rychesses vertues--vertu wi outen--with owte #caja in sted--in stide #cajb wicked--wikkede alle--alle ing--thinges #cajc may--from ,c4 #cajd don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 doon #caje wool--wole goode--good #cajg grete--gret enbaissynge--enbasshinge #cajh alle--al #caji ordeyne house--ordenee hows #caaa1 #caac vyle--vyl #caab heried--he heryed sholde--sholden #caac e--tho #caad here byforne--her byforn kept--,,ms4 kepte1 ,c4 kept #caaf goode--goode #caag alwey 7#b7----;feble--alwey owt cast and feble #caah1 #caai wi outen--with owte #caai vertues--vertuus #cabb manye--manye sholle cessen--shollen cesen #cabc stedfast----stedfast--strengthyn the with stidfast #cabd seyn--,,ms4 seyne1 ,c4 seyn #cabe haue--from ,c4 somtyme--whilom #cabf set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 ,i-set #cabg putte fure--putten forth #cabh weye--wey brynge--bryngen i house--thin hows #cabi ficche--fycchen #cacj arysen--areysen don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 ydo #caca pae--paath shalt mowen--shal mowe #cacb sounde--sownd ,headnote3 ,,virtue ,,never ,,goes ,,unrewarded4 ,,su,n,t ,,etenim ,,penne4 ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste metur4 ,sidenote3 ,i have nimble wings that enable the mind to rise from earth to heaven1 to leave the clouds behind1 to pass the region of perpetual flame1 and to reach the starry mansion1 journeying either by ,phbus' radiant path1 or accompanying cold and aged ,saturn1 or riding1 as a soldier1 with ,mars4 ,i ,haue for soe swifte feeres at surmounten e heyt of e heuene whan e swifte out ha cloed it self4 in o feeres it dispise e hateful eres4 and surmounte e heyenesse of e greete eyir4 and it sei e #cacf cloudes by-hynde hir bak and passe e heyt of e regioun of e fire at eschaufi by e swifte moeuyng of e firmament4 til at she a-reisi hir in til e houses at beren e sterres4 and ioygne hir weyes wi e sonne pg #aaa phebus4 and felawshipe e weye of e olde colde #cada saturnus4 and she ymaked a knyt of e clere sterre4 ,sidenote3 ,chaucer's ,gloss4 at is to seyne at e soule is maked goddys knyt by e sekyng of treue to comen to e verray knowlege of #cadd god4 ,sidenote3 ,through every sphere she 7the mind7 runs where night is most cloudless and where the sky is decked with stars1 until she reaches the heaven's utmost sphere-- ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #be4 and ilke soule renne by e cercle 99of e sterres in alle e places ere as e shynyng nyt is depeynted4 at is to seyne e nyt at is cloudeles4 for on nytes at ben cloudeles it seme as e heuene were peynted wi #cadh dyuerse ymages of sterres4 and whan e soule ha gon ynou she shal forleten e laste poynt of e heuene4 ,linenotes3 #cacc heyt of e heuene--heyhte of heuene #cacd ha--,,ms4 hae #cacf heyenesse----eyir--,roundnesse of the grete ayr sei--seth #cacg hir--his #cach fire--,fyr eschaufi--,,ms4 eschaufie #caci she--he hir--hym #cadj hir--his #cada weye--wey e----saturnus--,,ms4 saturnus e olde colde #cadb saturnus--saturnis she--he #cadc soule--thowght #cadd treue--trowthe knowlege--knoleche #cade soule--thoght #cadf depeynted--painted #cadi-ej and whan----she shal--and whanne he hath ,i-doon there ,i-nowh he shal #cadi ha--,,ms4 hae #caej e laste----heuene--the laste heuene ,headnote3 ,,vice ,,is ,,always ,,punished4 ,sidenote3 then pressing on she shall be prepared to see the true ,source of ,light1 where the great ,king of kings bears his mighty sceptre1 and holds the reins of the universe4 and she shal pressen and wenden on e bak of e swifte firmament4 and she shal ben maked perfit of e dredefulle #caeb clerenesse of god4 ere halde e lorde of kynges e ceptre of his myt and attempere e gouernementes of is worlde4 ,sidenote3 ,here the great ,judge1 standing in shining robes1 firmly guides his winged chariot1 and rules the tumultuous affairs of the world4 and e shynynge iuge of inges stable in hym self gouerne e swifte carte4 at is to seyne e #caef circuler moeuyng of the sonne4 ,sidenote3 ,if you at length shall arrive at this abode1 you will say this is my country--here ,i was born--and here will ,i abide4 and yif i weye lede e aeyne so at ou be brout ider4 an wilt ou seye now at at is e contre at ou requeredest of whiche ou ne haddest no mynde4 but now it remenbre me wel #cafj here was ,i born4 here wil ,i fastne my degree4 here wil ,i dwelle4 ,sidenote3 ,and should you deign to look on the gloomy earth1 you'll see those tyrants1 the fear of wretched folk1 banished from those fair realms4 but yif e lyke an to loken on e derkenesse of e ere at ou hast for-leten4 an shalt ou seen at ise felonous tyrauntes at e wrecchede poeple drede #cafd now shule ben exiled from ilke faire contre4 ,linenotes3 #caea-b she--he #caeb-c of e----of god--of the worshipful lyht of god #caec ere halde--ther halt #caee is worlde--the world #caef carte--cart or wayn #caeg the--from ,c4 #caei whiche--which #cafa here 7#a1 #b1 #c7--;her born--,,ms4 borne1 ,c4 born wil 7#a7--wol wil 7#b7--wole #cafb lyke--liketh derkenesse--dyrknesses #cafd wrecchede--wrecchede #cafe shule--shollen from--fro pg #aab ,headnote3 ,,the ,,good ,,are ,,always ,,strong4 ,,tunc ,,ego ,,pape ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;e prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,ah6 thou promisest me great things indeed6--but without delay1 satisfy the expectations you have raised4 ,anne seide ,i us4 owh ,i wondre me at ou by-hetest me so grete inges4 ne ,i ne doute nat at ou ne mayst wel performe at ou by-hetest4 but ,i preie e #cafh oonly is4 at ou ne tarie nat to telle me ilke inges at ou hast meoued4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,you must first be convinced that the good are always strong and powerful and the wicked destitute of strength4 first quod she ou most nedes knowen4 at goode folk ben al wey stronge and myty4 and e shrewes ben feble and desert and naked #cagb of alle strenges4 ,sidenote3 ,these assertions do mutually demonstrate each other4 and of ise inges certys eueryche of hem is declared and shewed by oer4 ,sidenote3 ,for since good and evil are contrary1 if good be powerful evil must be impotent4 ,for so as good and yuel ben two contraries4 yif so be at goode be stedfast4 an shewe e fieblesse of yuel al openly4 #cagf ,sidenote3 ,and if the frailty of evil is known1 the strength and stability of good must also be known to you4 and yif ou knowe clerely e freelnesse of yuel4 e stedfastnesse of goode is knowen4 ,sidenote3 ,but to convince you ,i shall proceed to prove it from both these principles1 establishing these truths1 by arguments drawn first from one of these topics and then from the other4 but for as moche as e fey of my sentence shal be e more ferme and haboundaunt4 ,i wil goon by at oon wey and by at oer and ,i wil conferme #cahj e inges at ben purposed now on is side and now on at syde4 ,sidenote3 ,two things are necessary to every action--the ,will and the ,power2 if either be wanting1 nothing can be effected4 ,two inges er ben in whiche e effect of alle e dedes of man kynde standi4 at is to seyn4 wil and power4 and yif at oon of ise two fayle #cahd ere nis no ing at may be don4 ,sidenote3 ,a man can do nothing without the concurrence of his will1 and if power faileth the will is of no effect4 for yif at wil lakke ere nys no wyt at vndirtake to done at he wol not don4 and yif power fayle e wille nis but in ydel and stant for naut4 ,sidenote3 ,hence1 if you see a person desirous of getting what he cannot procure1 you are sure he lacks power to obtain it4 and er of come it at yif ou se a #cahh wyt at wolde geten at he may nat geten4 ou mayst nat douten at power ne fayle hym to hauen at he wolde4 is is open and clere quod ,i4 ne it may nat ben denyed in no manere4 ,sidenote3 ,and if you see another do what he had a mind to do1 can you doubt that he had the power to do it8 and yif ou se a wyt quod #caib she4 at ha don at he wolde don ou nilt nat douten at he ne ha had power to done it4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no1 surely4 ,p4 ,a man1 then1 is esteemed powerful in respect of what he is able to do1 and weak in relation to what he is unable to perform4 no quod4 ,i4 and in at4 at euery wyt may4 in at at men may holden hym myty4 as who sei in as moche as a man is myty pg #aac to done a ing4 in so moche men halden hym myty4 #caig and in at at he ne may4 in at men demen hym to ben feble4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that is true4 ,i confesse it wel quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do you remember that ,i proved that the will of man1 following different pursuits1 seeks happiness only8 ,remembri e quod she at ,i4 haue gadred and shewed by forseide resouns #cbjj at al e entencioun of e wil of mankynde whiche at is lad by diuerse studies hasti to comen to blisfulnesse4 ,it remembre me wel quod ,i at it hath ben shewed4 ,linenotes3 #caff owh--from ,c4 #caga goode--goode stronge--stronge #cagb desert--dishert #cagc eueryche--euerich #cage goode--good #cagf stedfast--stidefast #cagg freelnesse--frelenesse stedfastnesse--stidefastnesse #cagh goode--good #cahj oon--oo wil 7#b7--wole #cahe-f ere--ther #cahe don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #cahf done--don #cahg wille--wil #cahh come--comht #cahi mayst--,,ms4 mayste1 ,c4 mayst #caia clere--cler #caib denyed--denoyed #caic-d ha--,,ms4 hae #caic don 7both7--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 doon #caid had--,,ms4 hadde1 ,c4 had done--doon #caif as moche--so moche #caig done--doon moche--mochel halden--halt #cbja whiche--which #cbjb lad--,,ms4 ladde1 ,c4 lad #cbjc it hath ben--,,ms4 ,i herde e1 ,c4 it hath ben ,headnote3 ,,the ,,impotency ,,of ,,the ,,wicked4 ,sidenote3 ,do you recollect too1 that it has been shown that happiness is the supreme good of men--and all desire this good1 since all seek happiness8 and recorde e nat an quod she4 at blisfulnesse is #cbjd ilke same goode at men requeren4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #be b4 so at whan at blisfulnesse is requered 99of alle4 at goode also is requered and desired of al4 ,it recorde me wel quod ,i4 for haue it gretly alwey ficched in my memorie4 ,sidenote3 ,all men1 then1 good and bad1 seek to acquire good8 alle #cbjh folk an quod she goode and eke badde enforcen hem wi oute difference of entencioun to comen to goode4 at is a uerray consequence quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,and it is certain that when men obtain good they become good8 and certeyne is quod she at by e getyng of goode ben men ymaked goode4 #cbab ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it is most certain4 is is certeyne quod4 ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do good men1 then1 get what they desire8 an geten goode men at ei desiren4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it seems so4 so seme it quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if evil men obtain the good1 they can be no longer evil8 but wickede folk quod she yif ei geten e goode at ei desiren ei ne mowen nat ben wicked4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it is so4 so is it quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,since then both parties pursue the good1 which only the virtuous obtain1 we must believe that good men are powerful1 and that the wicked are weak and feeble8 an so as #cbaf at oon and at oer quod she desiren good4 and e goode folk geten good and nat e wicked folk an nis it no doute at e goode folk ne ben myty and e wicked folk ben feble4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,none can doubt this1 save such as either consider not rightly the nature of things1 or are incapable of comprehending the force of any reasoning4 who so at euer quod ,i #cbbj doute of is4 he ne may nat considre e nature of inges4 ne e consequence of resoun4 and ouer is quod she4 ,linenotes3 #cbje-f goode--good #cbjf also--from ,c4 #cbjg al--alle ,it----,i--it ne recordeth me nat quod ,i #cbaj-ab7a7-ae goode--good #cbad wickede--wikkede #cbae ne--from ,c4 #cbaf mowen--mowe #cbag quod she--from ,c4 #cbah wicked--wilke 78 wikke7 #cbbj wicked--wikkede ,headnote3 ,,the ,,wicked ,,do ,,not ,,seek ,,aright ,,the ,,supreme ,,good4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if two beings have the same end in view--and one of them accomplishes his purpose by the use of natural means1 while the other not using legitimate means does not attain his end--which of these two is the most powerful8 yif at er ben two inges at han o same #cbbc purpos by kynde4 and at one of hem pursue and performe ilke same inge by naturel office4 and at oer ne may nat done ilk naturel office4 but folwe by oer manere an is couenable to nature ,hym at acomplisi hys purpos kyndely4 and it he ne acomplisi pg #aad nat hys owen purpos4 wheer of ise two demest #cbbi ou for more myty4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,illustrate your meaning more clearly4 yif at ,i coniecte quod 4,i4 at ou wilt seye algates4 it ,i desire to herkene it more pleynely of e4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the motion of walking is natural to man8 ,and this motion is the natural office of the feet8 ,do you grant this8 ou nilt nat an denye quod she at e #cbcb moeuement of goynge nis in men by kynde4 no for soe quod ,i4 ne ou ne doutest nat quod she at ilke naturel office of goynge ne be e office of feet4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i do4 ,i ne doute it nat quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if1 then1 he who is able to use his feet walks1 whilst another lacking this power creeps on his hands--surely he that is able to move naturally upon his feet is more powerful than he who cannot4 an quod she yif at a wyt be myty to #cbcf moeue and go vpon hys feet4 and anoer to whom ilke naturel office of feet lakke4 enforce hym to gone crepynge vpon hys handes4 whiche of ise two aute to ben holden more myty by ryt4 knyt fure e remenaunt #cbdj quod ,i4 ,for no wyt ne doute at he at may gone by naturel office of feet4 ne be more myty an he at ne may nat ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the good and bad seek the supreme good3 the good by the natural means of virtue--the wicked by gratifying divers desires of earthly things 7which is not the natural way of obtaining it74 but e souereyne good quod she at is euenlyche purposed to e good folk and to #cbdd badde4 e good folke seken it by naturel office of uertues4 and e shrewes enforcen hem to geten it by dyuerse couetise of erely inges4 whiche at nis no naturel office to geten ilke same souereyne goode4 #cbdh ,sidenote3 ,do you think otherwise8 trowest ou at it be any oer wyse4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,the consequence is plain1 and that follows from what has been granted--that the good are powerful1 while the wicked are feeble4 nay quod 4,i4 for e consequence is open and shewynge of inges at ,i haue graunted4 at nedes goode folk moten ben myty4 and shrewes feble and vnmyty4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,you rightly anticipate me2 for it is a good sign1 as physicians well know1 when ,nature exerts herself and resists the malady4 ou rennest aryt #cbeb byfore me quod she4 and is is e iugement at is to seyn4 ,i iuge of e ryt as ise leches ben wont forto hopen of seke folk whan ei aperceyuen at nature is redressed and wistonde to e maladie4 ,sidenote3 ,but1 as you are so quick of apprehension1 ,i shall continue this mode of reasoning4 ,but for ,i #cbef see e now al redy to e vndirstandynge ,i shal shewe e more ilke and continuel resouns4 ,sidenote3 ,the weakness of the wicked is conspicuous--they cannot attain the end to which their natural disposition prompts and almost compels them2 what would become of them without this natural prompting1 so powerful and irresistible8 ,for loke now how gretly shewi e feblesse and infirmite of wicked pg #aae folke4 at ne mowen nat come to at hire naturel #cbfj entencioun lede hem4 and itte almost ilk naturel entencioun constreine hem4 and what were to deme an of shrewes4 yif ilke naturel helpe hadde for-leten hem4 e whiche naturel helpe of entencioun go alwey #cbfd byforne hem4 and is so grete at vnne it may be ouercomen4 ,sidenote3 ,consider how great is the impotence of the wicked4 7,the greater the things desired1 but unaccomplished1 the less is the power of him that desires1 and is unable to attain his end47 ,considre an how gret defaute of power and how gret feblesse ere is in grete felonous folk as who sei e gretter inges at ben coueited and e desire #cbfh nat accomplissed of e lasse myt is he at coueite it and may nat acomplisse4 ,and fori philosophie sei us by souereyne good4 ,sidenote3 ,the wicked seek after no trivial things--which they fail to obtain2 but they aspire in vain to the sovereign good1 which they endeavour day and night to obtain4 ,sherewes ne requere nat lyte medes ne veyne gaines whiche ei ne may nat #cbgb folwen ne holden4 but ei faylen of ilke some of e heyte of inges at is to seyne souereyne good4 ne ise wrecches ne comen nat to e effect of souereyne good4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bf4 99e whiche ei enforcen hem oonly to geten by nytes #cbgf and by dayes4 ,sidenote3 ,the good attain the end of their desires1 and therein their power is manifested4 ,in e getyng of whiche goode e strenge of good folk4 is ful wel ysen4 ,sidenote3 ,for as you deem him a good walker that goes to the end of his journey1 so you must esteem him powerful that attains his desires1 beyond which there is nothing to desire4 ,for ryt so as ou mytest demen hym myty of goynge at go on hys feet til he myte come to ilke place fro e whiche #cbhj place ere ne lay no wey forer to be gon4 ,ryt so most ou nedes demen hym for ryt myty at geti and atteini to e ende of alle inges at ben to desire4 by-onde e whiche ende at er nis no ing to desire4 #cbhd ,linenotes3 #cbbf ilk--thilke #cbbi owen--owne #cbca wilt--wolt herkene--herkne #cbcb pleynely--pleynly denye--denoye #cbcc moeuement--,moeuement #cbcg go--,,ms4 goe hys--hise #cbch gone--goon #cbci hys--hise whiche--which #cbdj more--the ,moore fure--forth #cbdb gone--gon #cbde good--goode #cbdf uertues--vertuus #cbdg whiche--which #cbdh goode--good #cbec byfore--by-forn #cbed forto--to #cbee seke--sike #cbei wicked--wikkede #cbfj come--comyn #cbfa ilk--thilke #cbfb deme--demen #cbfc-d helpe--help #cbfd whiche--which go--,,ms4 goe #cbfe grete--gret vnne--vnnethe be ouercomen--ben ouercome #cbfg ere--ther grete--wikkede #cbfh inges--thing ben--is #cbga ,sherewes ne requere--ne shrewes ne requeren #cbgb lyte--lyhte veyne--veyn nat--omitted #cbgf whiche--which #cbgg getyng--getinge whiche goode--which good #cbgh ysen--,,ms4 and ,c4 ysene #cbgi go--,,ms4 goe #cbhj myte--myhte #cbha ere--ther lay--laye forer--forthere be--ben #cbhc desire--desired #cbhd at--omitted ,headnote3 ,,the ,,wicked ,,have ,,no ,,real ,,existence4 ,sidenote3 ,wicked men1 then1 are destitute of those powers which the good so amply possess4 ,of whiche power of good folk men may conclude at wicked men semen to ben bareyne and naked of alle strenge4 ,sidenote3 ,wherefore do they leave virtue1 and follow vice8 ,is it because they are ignorant of good8 ,for whi forleten ei vertues and folwen vices4 nis it nat for at ei ne knowen nat e goodes4 #cbhh ,sidenote3 ,what is more weak and base than the blindness of ignorance8 ,or do they know the way they ought to follow1 but are led astray by lust and covetousness8 ,but what ing is more feble and more caitif an is e pg #aaf blyndenesse of ignoraunce4 or ellys ei knowen ful wel whiche inges at ei auten to folwen but lecherye and couetise ouerrowe hem mysturned4 ,sidenote3 ,and so1 indeed1 weak-minded men are overpowered by intemperance1 for they cannot resist vicious temptations4 and certis #cbib so do distemperaunce to feble men4 at ne mowen nat wrastle aeins e vices ,sidenote3 ,do they willingly desert ,good and turn to ,evil8 ,if they do so1 they not only cease to be powerful1 but even cease to exist4 ,ne knowen ei nat an wel at ei foreleten e good wilfully4 and turnen hem vilfully to vices4 ,and in is wise ei ne forleten nat #cbif oonly to ben myty4 but ei forleten al outerly in any wise forto ben ,sidenote3 ,for those who neglect the common end of all beings1 cease to exist4 ,for ei at forleten e comune fyn of alle inges at ben4 ei for-leten also erwi al forto ben4 ,sidenote3 ,you may marvel that ,i assert that the wicked1 the majority of the human race1 have no existence--but it is1 however1 most true4 and perauenture it sholde semen to som folk at #ccjj is were a merueile to seyne at shrewes whiche at contienen e more partie of men ne ben nat4 ne han no beynge4 but naeles it is so4 and us stant is ing ,sidenote3 ,that the wicked are bad ,i do not deny--but ,i do not admit that they have any real existence4 for ei at ben shrewes ,i denye nat at ei ben shrewes4 #ccjd but ,i denye and seye symplely and pleynly at ei ne ben nat4 ne han no beynge4 ,sidenote3 ,you may call a corpse a dead man1 but you cannot with propriety call it a man4 for ryt as ou mytest seyn of e careyne of a man at it were a ded man4 but ou ne mytest nat symplely callen it a man4 #ccjh ,sidenote3 ,so the vicious are profligate men1 but ,i cannot confess they absolutely exist4 ,so graunte ,i wel for soe at vicious folk ben wicked4 but ,i ne may nat graunten absolutely and symplely at ei ben4 ,sidenote3 ,that thing exists that preserves its rank1 nature1 and constitution1 but when it loses these essentials it ceases to be4 ,for ilk ing at wi holde ordre and kepi nature4 ilk ing is and ha #ccab beynge4 but at ing at faile of at4 at is to seyne he at forleti naturel ordre he for-leti ilk beyng at is set in hys nature4 ,sidenote3 ,but1 you may say that the wicked have a power to act1 nor do ,i deny it2 but their power is an effect of weakness4 but ou wolt sein at shrewes mowen4 ,certys at ne denye ,i nat4 but certys #ccaf hir power ne descende nat of strenge but of feblesse4 ,sidenote3 ,they can do evil1 but this they could not do1 if they retained the power of doing good4 for ei mowen don wickednesses4 e whiche ei ne myten nat don yif ei myten dwelle in e forme and in e doynge of goode folke4 pg #aag ,sidenote3 ,this power1 then1 clearly shows their impotence4 ,and ilke power #ccbj shewe ful euydently at ei ne mowen ryt naut4 ,linenotes3 #cbhe whiche--the which at--at the #cbhf ben--be #cbia auten to folwen--owhten folwe #cbic do--,,ms4 doe1 ,c4 doth #ccid wrastle--wrastlen #cbie vilfully--wilsfully #cbig outerly--owtrely #ccja seyne--seyen #ccjd-e denye--denoye #ccje seye symplely--seye sympeli #ccjf ne--from ,c4 #ccjg seyn--seyen #ccji graunte--graunte #ccaa-ab ilk--thilke #ccab ha--,,ms4 hae #ccac at 7#a7--what seyne--seyn #ccad ilk--thilke #ccae set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set #ccaf denye--denoye #ccah don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #ccai myten 7#a7--myhte dwelle--dwellin #ccbj goode--good ,headnote3 ,,power1 ,,an ,,attribute ,,of ,,the ,,chief ,,good4 ,sidenote3 ,for as evil is nothing1 it is clear that while the wicked can only do evil they can do nothing4 ,for so as ,i haue gadered and proued a lytel her byforn at yuel is naut4 and so as shrewes mowen oonly but shrewednesse4 is conclusioun is al clere4 at #ccbd shrewes ne mowen ryt nat to han power4 ,sidenote3 ,that you may understand the force of this power1 ,i have proved that nothing is more powerful than the sovereign good4 and for as moche as ou vndirstonde whiche is e strenge at is power of shrewes4 ,i haue diffinised a lytel here byforn at no ing nis so myty as souereyne good ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that is true4 at is #ccbh soe quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,and that supreme good can do no evil8 and thilke same souereyn good may don non yuel _/_/ ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,certainly not4 ,certes no quod ,i ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,is there any one who thinks that man can do all things8 ,is er any wyt an quod she at weni at men mowen don alle inges4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no sane man can think so4 ,no man quod 4,i4 but yif he be out of hys witte4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,but men may do evil4 but #cccb certys sherewes mowen do yuel quod she4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i would to ,god they could not4 e wolde god quod ,i at ei ne myten don none4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,since he that can do good1 can do all things1 and he that has power to do evil cannot do all things1 therefore the evil-doers are less powerful4 at quod she so as he at is myty to done oonly but goode inges may don alle inges4 and ei at ben myty to done #cccf yuele inges ne mowen nat alle inges4 an is is open ing and manifest at ei at mowen don yuel ben of lasse power4 ,sidenote3 ,let me add too that power is one of the things to be desired1 and that all such things are to be referred to the chief good 7the perfection of their nature74 and itte to proue is conclusioun ere helpe me is at ,i haue shewed here byforne4 at al #ccdj power is to be noumbred amonge inges at men auten requere4 and haue shewed at alle inges at auten ben desired ben referred to good ryt as to a manere heyte of hyr nature4 ,sidenote3 ,but the power of doing evil has no relation to that ,good1 therefore it is not desirable2 but as all power is desirable1 it is clear that the ability to do evil is not power4 ,but for to mowen don yuel and #ccdd felonye ne may nat ben referred to good4 an nis nat yuel of e noumbre of inges at auten4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bf b4 99be desired4 but al power aute ben desired and requered4 an is it open and cler at e power ne e moeuyng of shrewes #ccdh nis no powere4 ,sidenote3 ,it clearly follows from this reasoning1 that the good only are powerful while the vicious are feeble4 and of alle ise inges it shewe wel at e goode folk ben certeynly myty4 and e shrewes ben pg #aah douteles vnmyty ,sidenote3 ,and ,plato's opinion is hereby verified that the wise only have the power to do what they desire2 the wicked may follow the dictates of their lusts1 but their great aim and desire1 i4 e4 ,,happiness1 they can never attain4 ,and it is clere and open at ilke sentence of plato is uerray and soe4 at sey at oonly #cceb wisemen may doon at ei desiren4 and shrewes mowen haunten at hem lyke4 but at ei desiren at is to seyne to comen to souereyne good ei ne han no power to acomplissen at4 ,sidenote3 ,the wicked may gratify their desires1 thinking to attain the chief good 7for which they wish71 but they can never possess it1 for impiety and vice can never be crowned with happiness4 ,for shrewes don at hem #ccef list whan by o inges in whiche ei deliten ei wenen to atteyne to ilke good at ei desiren4 but ei ne geten ne atteynen nat er to4 for vices ne comen nat to blisfulnesse4 #ccfj ,linenotes3 #ccbd shrewednesse--shrewednesses clere--cleer #ccbe nat----power--nawht ne han no power #ccbf whiche--which at is--of this #ccbg here--her #ccbh nis--is #ccbi soe--soth #ccbi1 #cccj and thilke----quod ,i--from ,c4 #cccd don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don none at--non thanne #ccce done--doon goode--goode #cccf don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don done--don #cccg yuele--yuele is--it #ccch don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #ccci itte--yit ere--ther #ccdj shewed here byforne--,ishewed her by-forn al--alle #ccda amonge--among #ccdd don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #ccdf auten be--owhte ben #ccdg al--alle aute--owhte #ccea clere--cler #cceb soe--soth at sey--,,ms4 but sie1 ,c4 at seyth #ccec doon--from ,c4 #ccee seyne--seyn #cceg whiche--which ,headnote3 ,,the ,,wicked ,,are ,,unhappy4 ,,quos ,,uides ,,sedere ,,celsos4 ,sidenote3 ,the ijde ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,whosoever might strip of their purple coverings1 proud kings1 who1 surrounded by their guards1 sit on lofty thrones1 and whose stern looks wear fierce threatenings1 and boiling breasts breathe fury2 would see those mighty lords inwardly fettered1 and tormented by lust1 passion1 grief1 and delusive hopes4 ,who so at e couertures of her veyn apparailes myte strepen of ise proude kynges at ou seest sitten on heye in her chayeres glyterynge in shynynge purpre envyroned wi sorweful armures #ccfd manasyng wi cruel moue4 blowyng by woodnesse of herte4 ,he sholde se an at ilke lordes beren wi inne hir corages ful streyte cheynes for leccherye tormenti hem on at oon syde wi gredy venyms and #ccfh troublable ,ire at araise in hem e floodes of troublynges tourmenti vpon at oer side hir out4 or sorwe halt hem wery or ycaut4 or slidyng and disseyuyng hope tourmenti hem4 ,sidenote3 ,since1 then1 so many tyrants bear sway over one head--that lord1 oppressed by so many masters 7i4 e4 vices71 is weak and feeble1 and his actions are not obedient to his will4 ,and erfore syn ou seest on heed4 #ccgb at is to seyne oon tyraunt bere so manye tyrauntis4 an ne do ilk tyraunt nat at he desiri4 syn he is cast doune wi so manye wicked lordes4 at is to seyn wi so manye vices4 at han so wicked lordshipes #ccgf ouer hym4 ,linenotes3 #ccfa-fc her--hir #ccfb myte--myhte #ccfc heye--heygh #ccfd sorweful--sorwful #ccfe moue--,mowth #ccff se--seen ilke--thilke #ccfh on--in #ccfi hem--hym #ccga disseyuyng--deceyuynge #ccgc seyne--seyn bere--beeren #ccgc-ge-gf manye--manye #ccgc tyrauntis--tyranyes #ccgd do--,,ms4 doe ilk--thilke #ccge doune--down wicked--wikkede #ccgf wicked--wikkedly pg #aai ,headnote3 ,,they ,,do ,,not ,,escape ,,punishment4 ,,vides ,,ne ,,igitur ,,quanto4 ,sidenote3 ,the iij4de prose4 ,sidenote3 ,see you not in how great and filthy a mire the wicked wallow8 ,s,eest ou nat an in how gret file ise shrewes ben ywrapped4 and wi whiche cleernesse ise good folk shynen4 ,sidenote3 ,this is a proof that good folks do not go unrewarded1 nor do the evil-doers escape punishment4 ,in is shewe it wel at to good folk ne #cchj lakke neuer mo hir medes4 ne shrewes ne lakken neuer mo tourmentis4 ,sidenote3 ,every action is done for a certain end1 and that end is the reward of the action4 for of alle inges at ben ydon ilke ing for whiche any ing is doon4 it seme as by ryt at ilke ing be e mede of at4 as us4 yif a #cchd man renne in e stadie or in e forlonge for e corone4 an lie e mede in e corone for whiche he renne4 ,sidenote3 ,but ,happiness is that good for which all things are done4 ,therefore happiness is the reward which all the human race seek as the reward of their actions4 ,and ,i haue shewed at blisfulnesse is ilke same good for whiche at alle ingus ben don4 an is ilke #cchh same good purposed to e werkes of mankynde ryt as a comune mede4 ,sidenote3 ,this good is inseparable from the virtuous1 therefore virtue can never want its reward4 whiche mede ne may ben disseuered fro good folk4 for no wyt as by ryt fro ennes fore at hym lakki goodnesse ne shal ben cleped good4 #ccib ,for whiche ing folk of goode maneres her medes ne forsaken hem neuer mo4 ,sidenote3 ,evil men may rage as they please against the good1 but the crown of the wise shall not fall nor fade4 ,for al be it so at sherewes waxen as wood as hem list aeynes goode folk4 itte neuer e les e corone of wise men ne shal nat fallen #ccif ne faden4 ,sidenote3 ,the wickedness of another cannot deprive a virtuous soul of its own honour4 ,for foreine shrewednesse ne bynyme nat fro e corages of goode folk hire propre honoure4 ,linenotes3 #ccgi whiche--which #cchj good--goode #ccha ne 7#b7--omitted #cchc whiche--which #cche forlonge--forlong #cchf-hh-ij whiche--which #ccia fore--forth #ccic whiche--which goode--goode #ccie wood--woode goode--goode #ccif les--leese ne--omitted #ccih goode--goode ,headnote3 ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,the ,,good4 ,sidenote3 ,if a man pride himself on the possession of an advantage received from another1 he may be deprived of it1 either by the giver or by others4 but yif at any wyt reioise hem of goodnesse at ei hadde taken fro wioute4 as who sei yif at any #cdjj wyt hadde hys goodnesse of any oer man an of hym self4 certys he at af hym ilke goodnesse or ellys som oer wyt myte bynyme it hym4 ,sidenote3 ,but1 as the reward of the virtuous is derived from virtue1 a man cannot lose this meed unless he ceases to be virtuous4 but for as moche as to euery wyt hys owen propre bounte #cdjd eue hym hys mede4 an at arst shal he faylen of mede whan he forleti to ben good4 ,sidenote3 ,lastly1 since a reward is desired because it is supposed to be a good1 can we believe that he who is capable of good is deprived of the recompence8 and at e laste so as alle medes ben requered for men wenen at ei ben goode4 who is he at wolde deme at he at is ryt pg #abj myty of goode were partles of mede4 #cdji ,sidenote3 ,what reward shall he receive8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bg4 99and of what mede shal he be gerdoned4 ,sidenote3 ,certainly the fairest and richest of all rewards4 certys of ryt faire mede and ryt greet abouen alle medes4 ,sidenote3 ,call to mind that excellent corollary ,i have already given thee1 and reason thus3-- ,remembre e of ilk noble corolarie at ,i af e a lytel here byforne4 #cdab and gadre it to gidre in is manere4 ,sidenote3 ,since the supreme good is happiness1 it follows that all good men are happy in as much as they are good2 but if they are happy they must become as it were gods4 so as god hym self is blisfulnesse4 an is it clere and certeyn4 at alle good folk ben makid blisful for ei ben goode4 and ilke folk at ben blisful it accordi and is couenable to ben #cdaf goddes4 ,sidenote3 ,the reward 7i4 e4 divinity7 of the righteous is such that no time can impair it1 no power can diminish it1 nor can any wickedness obscure it4 an is e mede of goode folk swiche4 at no day ne shal enpeyren it4 ne no wickednesse shal endirken it4 ne power of no wyt ne shal nat amenusen it at is to seyn to ben maked goddes4 ,sidenote3 ,since1 then1 happiness belongs to good men1 punishment inseparably attends the wicked4 and syn it is #cdbj us at goode men ne faylen neuer mo of hire medes4 ,linenotes3 #ccii reioise--reioyse hem--hym ei hadde--he hadde #cdjj at--from ,c4 #cdja hadde--hadde #cdjb self--,,ms4 selk #cdjc myte bynyme--myhte be-nyme #cdjd owen--owne #cdjf laste--last #cdjh goode--goode wolde--nolde #cdji goode--good of 7#b7--of the #cdaa greet--grete #cdab here byforne--her by-forn #cdac god--good #cdad is 7#a7--;his clere--cleer #cdae goode--goode #cdag goddes--goddes swiche--swich #cdah ne--from ,c4 endirken--derken ,headnote3 ,,virtue ,,exalts ,,mankind4 certys no wise man ne may doute of e vndepartable peyne of shrewes4 at is to seyn at e peyne of shrewes ne departi nat from hem self neuer mo4 #cdbd ,sidenote3 ,for since good and evil are contraries1 so are rewards and punishments4 ,for so as goode and yuel and peyne and medes ben contrarie it mot nedes ben at ryt as we seen by-tiden in gerdoun of goode4 ,sidenote3 ,it is evident that rewards follow good actions1 and punishments attend evil actions2 then as virtue itself is the reward of the virtuous1 so vice is the punishment of the vicious4 at also mot e peyne of yuel answere by e contrarie partye to shrewes4 now an so #cdbh as bounte and prowesse ben e medes to goode folk4 also is shrewednesse it self torment to shrewes ,sidenote3 ,he who is punished with pain and uneasiness knows that he is afflicted with evil4 an who so at euer is entecched and defouled wi yuel4 ,sidenote3 ,if1 then1 the wicked did rightly understand themselves they would perceive that they are not exempted from punishment4 yif shrewes wolen an preisen hem self may it semen #cdcb to hem at ei ben wi outen partye of tourment4 ,sidenote3 ,since vice1 the extreme and worst kind of evil1 not only afflicts them1 but infects and entirely pollutes them4 syn ei ben swiche at e vtteriste wikkednesse _/ at is to seyn wikkede thewes _/ which at is the outereste and e worste kynde of shrewednesse ne defouli nat ne #cdcf entecehi nat hem oonly but infecti and enuenemy hem gretely ,sidenote3 ,but contemplate the punishment of the wicked4 ,and al so loke on shrewes at ben e contrarie partye of goode men4 how grete peyne felawshipe pg #aba and folwe hem4 ,sidenote3 ,you have been taught that unity is essential to being and is good--and all that have this unity are good2 whatsoever1 then1 fails to be good ceases to exist4 ,for ou hast lerned a litel #cddj here byforn at al ing at is and ha beynge is oon4 and ilke same oon is good4 an is is consequence at it seme wel4 at al at is and ha beynge is good4 is is to seyne4 as who sei at beynge and vnite and #cddd goodnesse is al oon4 and in is manere it folwe an4 at al ing at faile to ben good4 it stynti forto be4 and forto haue any beynge4 ,sidenote3 ,so that it appears that evil men must cease to be what they were4 wher fore it is at shrewes stynten forto ben at ei weren4 ,sidenote3 ,that they were once men1 the outward form of the body1 which still remains1 clearly testifies4 but ilke oer forme #cddh of mankynde4 at is to seyne e forme of e body wi oute4 shewi it at ise shrewes were somtyme men4 ,linenotes3 #cdbb wise man--wysman e--omitted vndepartable--,,ms4 vndirpartable1 ,c4 vndepartable #cdbc of 7#a7--of the #cdbh answere--answery e--omitted #cdcd vtteriste----is the--from ,c4 #cdch gretely--gretly #cdci grete--gret #cdda al--alle ha--,,ms4 hae #cddc al--alle ha--,,ms4 hae #cddf al--alle #cddg haue--han #cddh stynten--,,ms4 styntent #cdej were somtyme--weeren whilom ,headnote3 ,,he ,,who ,,ceases ,,to ,,be ,,virtuous ,,ceases ,,to ,,be ,a ,,man4 ,sidenote3 ,wherefore1 when they degenerate into wickedness they lose their human nature4 wher fore whan ei ben peruerted and torned in to malice4 certys an han ei forlorn e nature of mankynde4 #cdeb ,sidenote3 ,but as virtue alone exalts one man above other men1 it is evident that vice1 which divests a man of his nature1 must sink him below humanity4 but so as oonly bounte and prowesse may enhawnse euery man ouer oer men4 an mot it nedes be at shrewes whiche at shrewednesse ha cast out of e condicioun of mankynde ben put vndir e merite and #cdef e deserte of men4 ,sidenote3 ,you cannot1 therefore1 esteem him to be a man whom you see thus transformed by his vices4 an bitidi it at yif ou seest a wyt at be transformed in to vices4 ou ne mayst nat wene at he be a man4 ,sidenote3 ,the greedy robber1 you will say1 is like a wolf4 ,for if he be ardaunt in auarice4 and at he be a rauynour by violence of #cdfj foreine rychesse4 ou shalt seyn at he is lyke to a wolf4 ,sidenote3 ,he who gives no rest to his abusive tongue1 you may liken to a hound4 and yif he be felonous and wi out reste and exercise hys tonge to chidynges4 ou shalt lykene hym to e hounde4 ,sidenote3 ,does he delight in fraud and trickery8 then is he like young foxes4 and yif he be a preue awaitour yhid and #cdfd reioyse hym to rauysshe by wyles4 ou shalt seyne hym lyke to e fox whelpes4 ,sidenote3 ,is he intemperate in his anger8 then men will compare him to a raging lion4 ,and yif he be distempre and quaki for ire men shal wene at he bere e corage of a lyoun4 ,sidenote3 ,if he be a coward1 he will be likened to a hart4 and yif he be dredeful and fleynge #cdfh and drede inges at ne auten nat ben dred4 men shal holde hym lyke to e herte4 pg #abb ,sidenote3 ,if he be slow1 dull1 and lazy1 then is he like an ass4 and yif he be slowe and astoned and lache4 he lyue as an asse4 ,sidenote3 ,is he fickle and inconstant8 ,then is he like a bird4 and yif he be lyt and vnstedfast of corage and chaunge ay his #cdgb studies4 he is lickened to briddes4 ,sidenote3 ,doth he wallow in filthy lusts8 ,then doth he roll himself in the mire like a nasty sow4 and yif he be plounged in foule and vnclene luxuries4 he is wiholden in e foule delices of e foule soowe4 ,sidenote3 ,it follows1 then1 that he who ceases to be virtuous1 ceases to be a man2 and1 since he cannot attain divinity1 he is turned into a beast4 an folwe it at he at forleti bountee and prowesse4 he forleti to #cdgf ben a man4 syn he ne may nat passe in to e condicioun of god4 he is tourned in to a beest4 ,linenotes3 #cdeb forlorn--,,ms4 forlorne1 ,c4 forlorn #cdec as--omitted enhawnse--enhawsen #cdee whiche--which ha--,,ms4 hae #cdei be--from ,c4 #cdfd yhid--,,ms4 yhidde1 ,c4 ,i-hidd #cdfe seyne--seyn #cdfh dredeful--dredful #cdfi ben--to ben dred--,,ms4 dredde1 ,c4 dredd #cdgj holde--holden lyke--lyk herte--hert slowe--slowh #cdgb vnstedfast--vnstidefast his--hise #cdge an--,,ms4 at1 ,c4 thanne #cdgg passe--passen ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bg b4 99,v,e,,la ,,naricii ,,ducis4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,ulysses was driven by the eastern winds upon the shores of that isle where ,circe dwelt1 who1 having entertained her guests with magic draughts1 transformed them into divers shapes--one into a boar1 another into a lion2 ,evrus e wynde aryue e sayles of vlixes duc of e contre of narice4 and hys wandryng shippes by e #cdhj see in to e isle ere as ,circe e fayre goddesse douter of e sonne dwelle at medly to hir newe gestes drynkes at ben touched and maked wi enchauntment4 and after at hir hande myty of e herbes #cdhd hadde chaunged hir gestes in to dyuerse maneres4 at oon of hem is couered his face wi forme of a boor4 at oer is chaunged in to a lyoun of e contre of marmorike4 and his nayles and his tee wexen4 ,sidenote3 some into howling wolves1 and others into ,indian tigers4 at #cdhh oer of hem is newliche chaunged in to a wolf4 and howeli whan he wolde wepe4 at oer go debonairly in e house as a tigre of ,inde4 ,sidenote3 ,but ,mercury1 the ,arcadian god1 rescued ,ulysses from the ,circean charms4 ,yet his mariners1 having drunk of her infected drinks1 were changed to swine1 and fed on acorns4 but al be it so at e godhed of mercurie at is cleped e bride of arcadie ha #cdib had mercie of e duc vlixes byseged wi diuerse yueles and ha vnbounden hym fro e pestilence of hys oosteresse algates e rowers and e maryners hadden by is ydrawen in to hir moues and dronken e wickede #cdif drynkes ei at were woxen swyne hadden by is pg #abc chaunged hire mete of brede forto ete acorns of ookes4 ,sidenote3 ,all traces of the human form were lost1 and they were bereft of speech4 non of hir lymes ne dwelli wi hem hoole4 but ei han lost e voys and e body4 ,sidenote3 ,their souls1 unchanged1 bewailed their dreadful fate4 ,oonly hire out #cejj dwelle wi hem stable at wepi and bywaili e monstruous chaungynge at ei suffren4 ,sidenote3 ,o most weak1 are ,circe's powers compared with the potency of vice1 to transform the human shape6 ,o ouer lyt hand4 as who sei4 ,o feble and lyt is e hand of ,circes e enchaunteresse at chaunge e bodies of folk #cejd in to bestes to regarde and to comparisoun of mutacioun at is makid by vices4 ,sidenote3 ,circe's herbs may change the body1 but cannot touch the mind1 the inward strength of man4 ne e herbes of circes ne ben nat myty4 for al be it so at ei may chaungen e lymes of e body4 algates it ei may nat chaunge e #cejh hertes4 for wi inne is yhid e strenge and e vigour of men in e secre toure of hire hertys4 at is to seyn e strenge of resoun4 ,sidenote3 ,but vice is more potent than ,circe's poisonous charms4 but ilke uenyms of vices to-drawen a man to hem more mytily an e venym of #ceab circes4 ,sidenote3 ,though it leaves the body whole1 it pierces the inner man1 and inflicts a deadly wound upon the soul4 ,for vices ben so cruel at ei percen and oru passen e corage wi inne4 and ou ei ne anoye nat e body4 itte vices wooden to distroien men by wounde of out4 #ceaf ,linenotes3 #cdgi aryue--aryuede vlixes--,,ms4 vluxies1 ,c4 vlixes #cdha ,circe--,circes #cdhc enchauntment--enchauntement #cdhd hande--hand of--ouer #cdhe hadde--hadde gestes--,,ms4 goostes1 ,c4 gestes #cdhf boor--boere #cdhh his 7#a7--;hise his tee--hise teth #cdhi newliche--neweliche #cdij go--,,ms4 goe #cdia house--hows #cdib bride--bryd ha--,,ms4 hae #cdic mercie--,,ms4 mercurie1 ,c4 mercy #cdid ha--,,ms4 hae #cdie oosteresse--oostesse #cdif wickede--wikkede #cdig were woxen swyne--weeren wexen swyn #cdih chaunged--,ichaunged brede--bred forto--,,ms4 and forto ete acorns--eten akkornes #cdii hoole--hool #ceja wepi--,,ms4 kepi1 ,c4 weepith #cejb monstruous--,,ms4 monstronous1 ,c4 ,monstruos #cejd ,circes--,,ms4 ,cirtes folk--folkys #ceji yhid--,,ms4 yhidde1 ,c4 ,i-hydd #ceae wooden--,,ms4 wolden1 ,c4 wooden ,headnote3 ,,the ,,wicked ,,are ,,tormented ,,by ,a ,,threefold ,,wretchedness4 ,,tunc ,,ego ,,fateor ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i confess that vicious men are rightly called beasts4 an seide ,i us ,i confesse and am aknowe quod ,i4 ne ,i ne se nat at men may seyn as by ryt4 ,sidenote3 ,they retain the outward form of man1 but the qualities of their souls prove them to be beasts4 at shrewes ne ben nat chaunged in to beestes by e qualite of hir soules4 ,al be it so at ei kepen itte #cebj e forme of e body of mankynde4 ,sidenote3 ,i wish1 however1 that the wicked were without the power to annoy and hurt good men4 but ,i nolde nat of shrewes of whiche e out cruel woode alwey in to destruccioun of goode men4 at it were leueful to hem to done at4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,they have no power1 as ,i shall presently show you4 ,certys quod she ne it nis nat leueful #cebd to hem as ,i shal wel shewen e in couenable place4 ,sidenote3 ,but were this power1 which men ascribe to them1 taken away from the wicked1 they would be relieved of the greatest part of their punishment4 ,but naeles yif so were at ilke at men wenen ben leueful for shrewes were bynomen hem4 so at ei ne pg #abd myten nat anoyen or don harme to goode men4 ,certys #cebh a gret party of e peyne to shrewes shulde ben allegged and releued4 ,sidenote3 ,the wicked are more unhappy when they have accomplished their evil designs than when they fail to do so4 ,for al be it so at is ne seme nat credible ing perauenture to somme folk it mot it nedes be at shrewes ben more wrecches and vnsely4 #cecb whan ei may don and performe at ei coueiten than yif they myhte nat complyssen at they coueyten4 ,sidenote3 ,if it is a miserable thing to will evil1 it is a greater unhappiness to have the power to execute it1 without which power the wicked desires would languish without effect4 ,for yif so be at it be wrecchednesse to wilne to don yuel2 an is it more wrecchednesse to mowen don yuel4 #cecf wi oute whiche moeuyng e wrecched wille sholde languisshe wi oute effecte4 ,sidenote3 ,since1 then1 each of these three things 7i4 e4 the will1 the power1 and the accomplishment of evil7 hath its misery1 therefore a threefold wretchedness afflicts those who both will1 can1 and do commit sin4 an syn at eueryche of ise inges ha hys wrecchednesse4 at is to seyne wil to done yuel4 and moeuynge to done yuel4 it mot nedes #cedj be4 at ei 7shrewes7 ben constreyned by re vnselynesses at wolen and mowen and performen felonyes and shrewednesses4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i grant it--but still ,i wish the vicious were without this misfortune4 ,i accorde me quod ,i4 but ,i desire gretely at shrewes losten sone ilke vnselynesses4 #cedd at is to seyne at shrewes were despoyled of moeuyng to don yuel4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,they shall be despoiled of it sooner than you wish perhaps1 or than they themselves imagine4 so shullen ei quod she4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bh4 sonnere perauenture en ou woldest 99or sonnere en ei hem self wenen to lakken mowynge to done yuel4 ,sidenote3 ,in the narrow limits of this life1 nothing1 however tardy it appears1 can seem to an immortal soul to have a very long duration4 ,for #cedh ere nis no ing so late in so short boundes of is lijf at is longe to abide4 namelyche to a corage inmortel4 ,sidenote3 ,the great hopes1 and the subtle machinations of the wicked1 are often suddenly frustrated1 by which an end is put to their wickedness4 ,of whiche shrewes e grete hope and e heye compassyngus of shrewednesse is often destroyed by a #ceeb sodeyne ende or ei ben war4 and at ing establi to shrewes e ende of hir shrewednesse4 ,sidenote3 ,if vice renders men wretched1 the longer they are vicious the longer must they be miserable4 ,for yif at shrewednesse makie wrecches4 an mot he nedes be most wrecched at lengest is a shrewe4 ,sidenote3 ,and they would be infinitely wretched if death did not put an end to their crimes4 e whiche #ceef wicked shrewes wolde ydemen aldirmost vnsely and caytifs yif at hir shrewednes ne were yfinissed4 at e pg #abe leste weye by e outereste dee4 ,sidenote3 ,it is clear1 as ,i have already shown1 that eternal misery is infinite4 for yif ,i haue concluded soe of e vnselynesse of shrewednesse4 an shewe #cefj it clerely at ilke shrewednesse is wi outen ende e whiche is certeyne to ben perdurable4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,this consequence appears to be just1 but difficult to assent to4 ,certys quod ,i is conclusion is harde and wonderful to graunte4 ,but ,i knowe wel at it accorde moche to the inges at ,i #cefd haue graunted her byforne4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,you think rightly2 but if you cannot assent to my conclusion you ought to show that the premises are false1 or that the consequences are unfairly deduced2 for if the premises be granted1 you cannot reject the inferences from them4 ou hast quod she e ryt estimacioun of is4 but who so euere wene at it be an harde ing to acorde hym to a conclusioun4 it is ryt at he shewe at somme of e premisses ben fals4 or #cefh ellys he mot shewe at e colasioun of preposiciouns nis nat spedful to a necessarie conclusion4 and yif it be nat so4 but at e premisses ben ygranted er nis nat whi he sholde blame e argument4 ,sidenote3 ,what ,i am about to say is not less wonderful1 and it follows necessarily from the same premises4 for is ing at #cegb ,i shal telle e nowe ne shal not seme lasse wondirful4 ,linenotes3 #ceag aknowe--aknowe it #ceah seyn--sayn #cebc goode--goode #cebd done--don #cebf ben--be #cebg for--to #cebh myten--myhte don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 doon harme--harm #cebi gret--,,ms4 grete1 ,c4 gret #cecc-cf don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 doon #cecc-cd than----coueyten--from ,c4 #cecg moeuyng--mowynge wille--wil #ceci ha--,,ms4 hae seyne--seyn #cedj done 7#a7--;doon moeuynge to done--,mowynge to don mot--,,ms4 mote1 ,c4 mot #cedd gretely--gretly #cede seyne--seyn were--weeren moeuyng--mowynge #cedh wenen--weene to lakken----yuel--omitted #cedi ere--ther so 7#b7--the #ceej longe--long #ceeb shrewednesse--shrewednesses often--ofte #ceeh shrewednes--shrewednesse yfinissed--fynyshed #ceei weye--wey outereste--owtteryste yif--from ,c4 #cefj soe--soth #cefa clerely--cleerly #cefc conclusion--from ,c4 harde--hard #cefd the--from ,c4 #cefg harde--hard #cefh fals--false #cegc nowe--now ,headnote3 ,,the ,,wretchedness ,,of ,,the ,,wicked ,,is ,,diminished ,,by ,,punishment4 but of e inges at ben taken al so it is necessarie as who so sei it folwe of at whiche at is purposed byforn4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what is that8 what is at quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,that the wicked who have been punished for their crimes1 are happier than if justice had allowed them to go unpunished4 certys quod she at is #cegf at at ise wicked shrewes ben more blysful or ellys lasse wrecches4 at byen e tourmentes at ei han deserued4 an yif no peyne of ,iustice ne chastiede hem4 ,sidenote3 ,i do not appeal to popular arguments1 that punishment corrects vice1 that the fear of chastisement leads them to take the right path1 and that the sufferings of evil-doers deter others from vice1 but ,i believe that guilty men1 unpunished1 become much more unhappy in another way4 ne is ne seye ,i nat now for at any man myte #cehj enke at e maneres of shrewes ben coriged and chastised by veniaunce4 and at ei ben brout to e ryt wey by e drede of e tourment4 ne for at ei euen to oer folk ensample to fleyen from vices4 ,but #cehd ,i vndirstonde itte in an oer manere at shrewes ben more vnsely whan ei ne ben nat punissed al be it so at ere ne ben had no resoun or lawe of correccioun4 ne none ensample of lokynge4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,in what way do you mean8 ,and what manere #cehh shal at ben quod ,i4 ouer an ha ben told here pg #abf byforn ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,are not good people happy1 and evil folk miserable8 ,haue we nat graunted an quod she at goode folk ben blysful4 and shrewes ben wrecches4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,yes4 is quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if good be added to the wretchedness of a man1 will not he be happier than another whose misery has no element of good in it8 thanne quod she if at any good were #ceib added to e wrecchenesse of any wyt4 nis he nat more blisful an he at ne ha no medelyng of goode in hys solitarie wrecchednesse4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it seems so4 so seme it quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,and if to the same wretched being another misery be annexed1 does not he become more wretched than he whose misery is alleviated by the participation of some good8 and what seyst ou an quod she of ilke wrecche at lakke alle #ceif goodes4 so at no goode nis medeled in hys wrecchednesse4 and itte ouer alle hys wickednesse for whiche he is a wrecche at er be itte anoer yuel anexid and knyt to hym4 shal not men demen hym more vnsely #cfjj an ilke wrecche of whiche e vnselynesse is releued by e participacioun of som goode4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,he does4 whi sholde he nat quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,when evil men are punished they have a degree of good annexed to their wretchedness1 to wit1 the punishment itself1 which as it is the effect of justice is good4 an certys quod she han shrewes whan ei ben punissed somwhat of good anexid to hir wrecchednesse4 #cfjd at is to seyne e same peyne at ei suffren whiche at is good by e resoun of ,iustice4 ,sidenote3 ,and when these wretches escape punishment something more of ill 7i4 e4 exemption from punishment7 is added to their condition4 ,and whan ilke same shrewes ascapen wi outen tourment4 an han ei somwhat more of yuel it ouer e wickednesse #cfjh at ei han don4 at is to seye defaute of peyne4 whiche defaute of peyne ou hast graunted is yuel4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i cannot deny it4 ,for e desert of felonye ,i ne may nat denye it quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,much more unhappy are the wicked when they enjoy an unmerited impunity than when they suffer a lawful chastisement4 ,moche more an quod she ben shrewes vnsely #cfab whan ei ben wrongfully delyuered fro peyne4 an whan ei be punissed by rytful vengeaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,it is just to punish evil-doers1 and unjust that they should escape punishment4 but is is open ing and clere at it is ryt at shrewes ben punissed4 and it is wickednesse and wrong at ei #cfaf escapin vnpunissed4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,nobody denies that4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bh b4 who myte denye 99at quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,everything1 too1 which is just is good2 and1 on the contrary1 whatsoever is unjust is evil4 but quod she may any man denye4 at al at is ryt nis good4 and also e contrarie4 at alle at is wrong nis wicked4 pg #abg ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,these are just inferences from our former premises4 certys quod ,i ise inges ben clere ynou4 and #cfbj at we han concludid a litel here byforne4 ,sidenote3 ,but is there any punishment for the soul after death of the body8 but ,i preye e at ou telle me yif ou accordest to leten no tourment to e soules aftir at e body is dedid by e dee4 is is to seyn4 vndirstondest ou out at soules han #cfbd any tourment after e dee of e body4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,yes1 and great ones too4 ,some punishments are rigorous and eternal4 ,certis quod she e and at ryt grete4 of whiche soules quod she ,i trowe at somme ben tourmentid by asprenesse of peyne4 ,sidenote3 ,others have a corrective and purifying force1 and are of finite duration4 and somme soules ,i trowe be excercised by a #cfbh purging mekenesse4 ,sidenote3 ,but this is not to our purpose4 but my conseil nys nat to determyne of is peyne4 but ,i haue trauayled and told it hider to4 ,sidenote3 ,i want you to see that the power of the wicked is in reality nothing1 that the wicked never go unpunished2 that their licence to do evil is not of long duration1 and that the wicked would be more unhappy if it were longer1 and infinitely wretched if it were to continue for ever4 ,for ou sholdest knowe at e mowynge 4i4 myght of shrewes whiche mowynge e seme to #cfcb ben4 vnwori nis no mowynge4 and eke of shrewes of whiche ou pleynedest at ei ne were nat punissed4 at ou woldest seen at ei ne weren neuer mo wi outen e torment of hire wickednesse4 and of e licence #cfcf of mowynge to done yuel4 at ou preidest at it myte sone ben endid4 and at ou woldest fayne lerne4 at it ne sholde nat longe endure4 and at shrewes ben more vnsely yif ei were of lenger duryng4 #cfdj and most vnsely yif ei weren perdurable4 ,sidenote3 ,after this ,i showed that evil men are more unhappy1 having escaped punishment1 than if justly chastised4 and after is ,i haue shewed e at more vnsely ben shrewes whan ei escapen wi oute rytful peyne4 an whan ei ben punissed by rytful uengeaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,wherefore when they are supposed to get off scot-free they suffer most grievously4 and of is sentence #cfdd folwe it at an ben shrewes constreyned atte laste wi most greuous tourment4 whan men wene at ei ne ben nat ypunissed4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,your reasoning appears convincing and conclusive4 ,but your arguments are opposed to current opinions1 and would hardly command assent1 or even a hearing4 whan ,i considre i resouns quod ,i4 ,i4 ne trowe nat at men seyn any ing more verrely4 and #cfdh yif ,i tourne aeyn to e studies of men4 who is he to whom it sholde seme at he ne sholde nat only leuen ise inges4 but eke gladly herkene hem4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it is so4 ,for those accustomed to the darkness of error cannot fix their eyes on the light of perspicuous truth1 like birds of night which are blinded by the full light of day4 ,certys quod she so it is4 but men may nat4 for ei han hire eyen so pg #abh wont to derkenesse of erely inges4 at ei may nat #cfec liften hem vp to e lyt of clere soefastnes4 ,but ei ben lyke to briddes of whiche e nyt lytne hyre lookyng4 and e day blynde hem4 ,sidenote3 ,they consider only the gratification of their lusts1 they think there is happiness in the liberty of doing evil and in exemption from punishment4 for whan men loken #cfef nat e ordre of inges but hire lustes and talent4 ei wene at oir e leue or e mowynge to done wickednesse or ellys e escaping wi oute peyne be weleful4 ,linenotes3 #cege who so sei--ho seyth whiche--which #cegh byen--a-byen #cegi chastiede--chastysede #cehj myte--myhte #ceha enke--thinke #cehd euen--,,ms4 euene1 ,c4 yeuen fleyen--flen #cehe itte--yif in--from ,c4 #cehh none--non #cehi ouer--oother ha--,,ms4 hae ben--be told--,,ms4 tolde1 ,c4 told #ceia goode--goode #ceib thanne----she--from ,c4 #ceid blisful--weleful ha--,,ms4 hae #ceid-ig goode--good #ceih alle--al whiche--which #cfjj knyt--knytte #cfja releued--releued #cfjb goode--good #cfje seyne--seyn #cfjf whiche--which #cfjg outen--owte #cfji don--,,ms4 done seye--seyn #cfaj whiche--which #cfaa desert--deserte #cfad be--,,ms4 bee1 ,c4 ben #cfae clere--cler #cfag myte--myhte #cfah is ryt nis--,,ms4 nis ryt is #cfai alle--al nis wicked--is wykke #cfba here--her #cfbc dedid--endyd dee--deth #cfbd is--from ,c4 out--awht #cfbe dee--deth #cfbf grete--gret #cfbh be--ben #cfbi determyne--determenye #cfcj peyne--peynes told--,,ms4 tolde #cfcb 4i4 myght--from ,c4 #cfcb-cd whiche--which #cfcc eke--ek #cfce seen--seyn #cfcg done--don #cfch myte--myhte fayne lerne--fayn lernen #cfci endure--dure #cfde atte--at the laste--,,ms4 ast1 ,c4 laste #cfdg resouns--resoun #cfdi-ej he--from ,c4 #cfea eke--ek #cfec derkenesse--derknesse #cfed clere soefastnes--cleer sothfastnesse #cfee whiche--which #cfeh oir--eyther done--don #cfei escaping--schapynge ,headnote3 ,,virtue ,,its ,,own ,,reward4 ,sidenote3 ,do you attend to the eternal law written in your own heart4 ,conform your mind to what is good1 and you will stand in no need of a judge to confer a reward upon you--for you have it already in the enjoyment of the best of things 7i4 e4 virtue74 but considere e iugement of e perdurable lawe4 for if #cffj ou conferme i corage to e beste inges4 ou ne hast no nede to no iuge to iuen e pris or meede4 for ou hast ioigned i self to e most excellent ing4 ,sidenote3 ,if you indulge in vice1 you need no other chastisement--you have degraded yourself into a lower order of beings4 and yif ou haue enclined i studies to e wicked inges4 ne #cffd seek no foreyn wrekere out of i self4 for ou i self hast rest e in to wicked inges4 ryt as ou mytest loken by dyuerse tymes e foule ere and e heuene4 and at alle oer inges stynten fro wi oute4 so at #cffh ou nere neyther in heuene ne in erthe ne saye no ing more4 an sholde it semen to e as by only resoun of lokynge4 at ou were in e sterres4 and now in e ere4 ,sidenote3 ,the multitude doth not consider this4 but e poeple ne loke nat on ise inges4 ,sidenote3 ,what then8 ,shall we take them as our models who resemble beasts8 what #cfgb an shal we an approchen vs to hem at ,i haue shewed at ei ben lyke to e bestes4 7q4 d4 non7 ,linenotes3 #cffb to 7#a7--of #cffe foreyn--foreyne #cfff rest--thryst wicked--wikke #cffi nere----erthe--from ,c4 heuene--,c4 heuenene saye--,c4 saye #cfgb on--in #cfgd lyke--lyk q4 d4--,,ms4 quod ,headnote3 ,,the ,,wicked ,,need ,,pity4 ,sidenote3 ,if a man who had lost his sight1 having even forgotten his blindness1 should declare that his faculties were all perfect1 shall we weakly believe that those who retain their sight are blind8 ,and what wilt ou seyne of is yif at a man hadde al forlorn hys syt4 and hadde foreten at he #cfgf euer saw and wende at no ing ne faylede hym of perfeccioun of mankynde4 now we at myten sen e same ing wolde we nat wene at he were blynde 7q4 d4 sic74 ,sidenote3 ,the vulgar will not assent to what ,i am going to say1 though supported by conclusive arguments--to wit1 that persons are more unhappy that do wrong than those who suffer wrong4 ne also ne accorde nat e poeple to at ,i shal #cfhj seyne4 e whiche ing is susteyned by a stronge foundement of resouns4 at is to seyn at more vnsely ben ei at don wrong to oer folk4 en ei at e wrong pg #abi suffren4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i would willingly hear your reasons4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bi4 ,i wolde heren ilke 99same resouns quod ,i #cfhd ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do you deny that every wicked man deserves punishment8 ,deniest ou quod she at alle shrewes ne ben wori to han tourment4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no1 ,i do not4 nay quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i am satisfied that impious men are in many ways miserable4 but quod she ,i am certeyne by many resouns at shrewes ben vnsely4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,they are so4 it accorde quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then those that deserve punishment are miserable4 an ne dowtest ou nat quod she at #cfhh ilke folk at ben wori of tourment at ei ne ben wrecches4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i admit it4 ,it accorde wel quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,if you were a judge1 upon whom would you inflict punishment8 upon the wrong-doer1 or upon the injured8 yif ou were an quod she yset a ,iuge or a knower of inges4 wheer trowest ou at men sholde tourmente hym at ha #cfib don e wronge4 or hym at ha suffred e wronge4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i should not hesitate to punish the offender as a satisfaction to the sufferer4 ,i ne doute nat quod ,i4 at ,i nolde don suffissaunt satisfaccioun to hym at hadde suffred e wrong by e sorwe of hym at hadde don e wronge4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,then you would deem the injuring person more unhappy than he who had been wronged8 an #cfif seme it quod she at e doar of wrong is more wrecche an he at ha suffred e wrong4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that follows naturally4 at folwe wel quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,from this then1 and other reasons of like nature1 it seems that vice makes men miserable1 and an injury done to any man is the misery of the doer1 and not of the sufferer4 an quod she by ise causes and by oer causes at ben enforced by e same roate at file or synne by #cgjj e propre nature of it make men wretches4 and it shewe wel at e wrong at men don nis nat e wrecchenesse of hym at receyue e wrong4 but e wrecchednesse of hym at do e wronge ,sidenote3 ,but our advocates think differently--they try to obtain pity for those that have suffered cruelty and oppression2 but certys #cgjd quod she ise oratours or aduocat don al e contrarie for ei enforcen hem to commoeue e iuges to han pite of hem at han suffred and resceyued e inges at ben greuous and aspre4 ,sidenote3 but the juster pity is really due to the oppressors1 who ought1 therefore1 to be led to judgment as the sick are to the physician1 not by angry but by merciful and kind accusers1 so that1 by the physic of chastisement1 they may be cured of their vices4 and itte men sholden more rytfully #cgjh han pitee on hem at don e greuaunces and e wronges4 e whiche shrewes it were a more couenable ing at e accusours or aduocat not wroe but pitous and debonaire ladden e shrewes at han don wrong to #cgab e ,iugement4 ryt as men leden seke folk to e leche4 ,linenotes3 #cfge wilt ou seyne--woltow seyn #cfgf forlorn--,,ms4 forlorne1 ,c4 for-lorn syt--syhte hadde--hadde #cfgg saw--,,ms4 sawe1 ,c4 sawh faylede--faylede #cfgh sen--,,ms4 sene1 ,c4 sen #cfgi ing--thinges q4 d4--,,ms4 quod #cfha whiche--which #cfhc don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don oer--oothre #cfhh ne--from ,c4 #cfia yset--,,ms4 ysette1 ,c4 yset wheer--omitted #cfib tourmente--tormenten #cfib-c ha--,,ms4 hae #cfic wronge 7#b7--wrong #cfie hadde--hadde #cfif hadde--hadden wronge--wrong #cfig doar--doere #cfih ha--,,ms4 hae #cfii ,i--from ,c4 word moved to l4 #cfih #cgjj ben--ben of roate--,roote #cgjc-d but----wronge--omitted #cgjd do--,,ms4 doe #cgaa wroe--wroth #cgab e--tho don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #cgac seke--syke ,headnote3 ,,the ,,duty ,,of ,,advocates4 for at ei sholden seken out e maladies of synne by tourment4 pg #acj ,sidenote3 ,i would not have the guilty defrauded by their advocates4 ,their duty is to accuse1 and not to excuse offenders4 and by is couenaunt eyer e entent of e defendours or aduocat sholde fayle and cesen in al4 or #cgaf ellys yif e office of aduocat wolde bettre profiten to men4 it sholde be tourned in to e habit of accusacioun4 at is to seyn ei sholden accuse shrewes4 and nat excuse hem4 ,sidenote3 ,were it permitted the wicked to get a slight view of virtue's beauty1 which they have forsaken1 and could they be persuaded of the purifying effects of lawful chastisement1 they surely would not consider punishment as an evil1 but would willingly give themselves up to justice and refuse the defence of their advocates4 and eke e shrewes hem self4 it it were #cgbj leueful to hem to seen at any clifte e vertue at ei han forleten4 and sawen at ei sholde putten adoun e files of hire vices by the tourment of peynes4 ei ne auten nat ryt for e recompensacioun forto geten #cgbd hem bounte and prowesse whiche at ei han lost demen ne holden at ilke peynes weren tourmentes to hem4 and eke ei wolden refuse e attendaunce of hir aduocat and taken hem self to hire iuges and to hir accusours4 #cgbh ,sidenote3 ,the wise hate nobody1 only a fool hates good men2 and it is as irrational to hate the wicked4 for whiche it bytide at as to e wise folk er nis no place ylete to hate4 at is to seyn4 at hate ne ha no place amonges wise men4 ,for no wyt wolde haten gode men4 but yif he were ouer moche a #cgcb fole4 and forto haten shrewes it nis no resoun4 ,sidenote3 ,vice is a sickness of the soul1 and needs our compassion1 and not our hate1 for the distempers of the soul are more deplorable than those of the body1 and have more claims upon our compassion4 ,for ryt so as languissing is maladie of body4 ryt so ben vices and synne maladies of corage4 and so as we ne deme nat at ei at ben seek of hire body ben #cgcf wori to ben hated4 but raer wori of pite4 wel more wori nat to ben hated4 but forto ben had in pite ben ei of whiche e outes ben constreined by felonous wickednesse4 at is more cruel an any languissinge of #cgdj body4 ,linenotes3 #cgae tourment--torment e 7#b7--omitted #cgai to seyn--to seyn #cgbb sawen--sawh sholde--sholden #cgbc the--from ,c4 #cgbd auten--owhte #cgbe-bi whiche--which #cgbi bytide--,,ms4 bynde1 ,c4 bytidith at--from ,c4 #cgcj ylete--,i-leten #cgca ha--,,ms4 hae #cgcb wolde--nyl moche--mochel #cgcc fole--fool #cgcf seek--syke ,headnote3 ,,the ,,folly ,,of ,,war4 ,,quid ,,tantos ,,iuuat4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,what frenzy causes man to hasten on his fate1 that is1 by war or by strife4 ,what delite it ow to exciten so grete moewynges of hatredes and to hasten and bisien the fatal disposicioun of oure dee wi oure propre handes4 at is #cgdd to seyn by batailes or by contek4 ,sidenote3 ,if death is desired he delays not to come4 for yif e axen e dee it hastisi hym of hys owen wille4 ne dee ne pg #aca tarie nat hys swifte hors4 ,sidenote3 ,why do they who are exposed to the assaults of beasts of prey and venomous reptiles seek to slay each other with the sword4 and the men at e serpent and e lyouns4 and e tigre4 and e beere and e #cgdh boore seken to sleen wi her tee4 it ilke same men seken to sleen eueryche of hem oer wi swerde4 ,sidenote3 ,lo6 their manners and opinions do not accord1 wherefore they engage in unjust wars1 and fiercely urge on each other's destiny4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #bi b4 loo for her maners ben 99diuerse and discordaunt ei moeuen vnrytful oostes and cruel batailes4 and wilne #cgeb to perisse by enterchaungynge of dartes4 ,sidenote3 ,but this is no just reason for shedding blood4 but e resoun of cruelte nis nat ynou rytful4 ,sidenote3 ,wouldst thou reward each as he deserves8 ,then love the good as they deserve1 and have pity upon the wicked4 wilt ou an elden a couenable gerdoun to e desertes of men ,loue rytfully goode folk2 and haue pite on shrewes4 #cgef ,linenotes3 #cgdc the--from ,c4 #cgde by--from ,c4 #cgdf hastisi--hasteth owen wille--owne wyl #cgdg the--from ,c4 #cgdi boore--boor tee--teth #cgej swerde--swerd #cgea her--hir #cgeb wilne--wylnen #cgec enterchaungynge--entrechaungynges ,headnote3 ,,the ,,operations ,,of ,,chance4 ,,hinc ,,ego ,,uideo ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,,et ,,cet,,era4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i see plainly the nature of that felicity which attends the virtues of the good1 and of the misery that follows the vices of the wicked4 us see ,i wel quod ,i4 eyer what blisfulnesse or ellys what vnselinesse is establissed in e desertys of goode men and of shrewes4 ,sidenote3 ,but in ,fortune ,i see a mixture of good and evil4 ,the wise man prefers riches1 c41 to poverty1 c4 but in is ilke fortune of poeple ,i see somwhat of goode4 and somwhat of #cgfj yuel4 for no wise man ha nat leuer ben exiled pore and nedy and nameles4 an forto dwellen in hys ,citee and flouren of rychesses4 and be redoutable by honoure4 and stronge of power ,sidenote3 ,and wisdom appears more illustrious1 when wise men are governors and impart their felicity to their subjects2 and when imprisonment1 torture1 c41 are inflicted only upon bad citizens4 for in is wise more clerely and #cgfd more witnesfully is e office of wise men ytretid whan e blisfulnes and the pouste of gouernours is as it were yshad amonges poeples at ben neyboures and subgit4 syn at namely prisoun lawe and ise oer #cgfh tourment of lawful peynes ben raer owed to felonous ,citeeins4 for e whiche felonous ,citeeins o peynes ben establissed4 an for goode folk4 ,sidenote3 ,why1 then1 should things undergo so unnatural a change8 ,why should the worthy suffer and the vicious receive the reward of virtue8 an ,i merueile me gretly quod ,i4 whi at e inges ben so mys #cggb entrechaunged4 at tourment felounes pressen and confounden goode folk4 and shrewes rauyssen medes of vertue and ben in honours4 and in grete estatis4 pg #acb ,sidenote3 ,i should like to hear the reason of so unjust a distribution4 and ,i desire eke to witen of e4 what seme e to ben e #cggf resoun of is so wrongful a confusioun ,sidenote3 ,i should not marvel so much if ,chance were the cause of all this confusion4 ,for ,i wolde wondre wel e lasse yif ,i trowede at alle ise inges were medeled by fortuouse hap4 ,sidenote3 ,but ,i am overwhelmed with astonishment when ,i reflect1 that ,god the director of all things thus unequally distributes rewards and punishments4 ,but now hepe and encrese myne astonyenge god gouernour of inges4 #cghj at so as god eue ofte tymes to goode men goodes and myres4 and to shrewes yuel and aspre inges4 and eue aeynewarde to goode folk hardnesse4 and to shrewes he graunte hem her wille and at ei desiren4 #cghd ,sidenote3 ,what difference is there1 then1 unless we know the cause1 between ,god's proceedings and the operations of ,chance8 what difference an may er be bitwixen at at god do4 and e hap of fortune4 yif men ne knowe nat e cause whi at it is4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,it is not at all surprising that you think you see irregularities1 when you are ignorant of that order by which ,god proceeds4 it nis no merueile quod she ou at men wenen at er be somwhat folysche and confus #cghh whan e resoun of e order is vnknowe4 ,sidenote3 ,but1 forasmuch as ,god1 the good governor1 presides over all1 rest assured that all things are done rightly and as they ought to be done4 ,but alle ou ou ne know nat e cause of so gret a disposicioun4 naeles for as moche as god e goode gouernour attempre and gouerne e world4 ne doute e nat at #cgib alle inges ne ben doon aryt4 ,linenotes3 #cgfj goode--good #cgfa ha--,,ms4 hae nat--omitted leuer--leuere #cgfb an--,,ms4 at1 ,c4 than #cgfc redoutable--,,ms4 redentable1 ,c4 redowtable #cgfd stronge--strong clerely--clerly #cgff the--from ,c4 #cgfg neyboures--nesshebors #cgfi lawful--laweful #cgga goode--good #cggb at--from ,c4 #cgge grete--gret #cggf to witen--forto weten #cggh trowede--trowede alle--al #cggi were--weeren fortuouse--fortunous #cghj myne--myn #cgha goode--goode #cghb yuel--yuelis #cghc hardnesse--hardnesses #cghd he--from ,c4 wille--wyl #cghe difference--,,ms4 differenee #cghf do--,,ms4 doe hap--happe #cghg it--from ,c4 it--ne it #cghh confus--confuse #cghi alle--al #cgia goode--goode #cgic ne--omitted ,headnote3 ,,the ,,hidden ,,causes ,,of ,,things4 ,,si ,,quis ,,arcturi#h ,,sydera4 ,footnote #h3 ,,ms4 arituri ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,he who knows not that the ,bear is seen near the ,pole1 nor has observed the path of ,botes1 will marvel at their appearance4 ,who so at ne knowe nat e sterres of arctour ytourned neye to e souereyne contre or point4 at is to seyne ytourned neye to e souereyne pool of e #cgif firmament and woot nat whi e sterre boetes passe or gaderi his weynes4 and drenche his late flaumbes in e see4 and whi at boetes e sterre vnfoldi his ouer swifte arisynges4 an shal he wondren of e lawe of e #chjj heye eyre4 ,sidenote3 ,the vulgar are alarmed when shadows terrestrial obscure the moon's brightness1 causing the stars to be displayed4 and eke if at he ne knowe nat why at e hornes of e fulle moene waxen pale and infect by e boundes of e derke nyt and how e moene dirk and confuse discouere e sterres4 at she hadde pg #acc ycouered by hir clere visage4 ,sidenote3 ,thinking the eclipse the result of enchantment1 they sought to destroy the charms by the tinkling of brazen vessels or cymbals4 e commune errour moeue #chje folk and maki wery hir bacines of bras by ikke strookes4 at is to seyne at er is a maner poeple at hyte coribandes at wenen at whan e moone is in #chjh e eclips at it be enchauntid4 and erfore forto rescowe e moone ei betyn hire basines wi ikke strokes4 ,sidenote3 ,yet none marvel when the north-west wind renders the sea tempestuous2 nor when vast heaps of congealed snow are melted by the warm rays of the sun1 because the causes are apparent4 ,ne no man ne wondre whan e blastes of e wynde chorus betyn e strondes of e see by quakynge floodes4 #chab ne no man ne wondre whan e weyte of e snowe yhardid by e colde4 is resolued by e brennynge hete of phebus e sonne4 ,for here seen men redyly e causes4 ,sidenote3 ,things whose causes are unknown disquiet the human mind4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cj4 but e 99causes yhid at is to seye in heuene #chaf trouble e brestes of men4 ,sidenote3 ,the fickle mob stands amazed at every rare or sudden phenomenon4 e moeueable poeple is a-stoned of alle inges at comen selde and sodeynely in oure age4 ,sidenote3 ,fear and wonder1 however1 soon cease when ignorance given place to certain knowledge4 but yif e troubly errour of oure ignorance departide from vs4 so at we wisten e causes whi at #chbj swiche inges bitiden4 certys ei sholden cesse to seme wondres4 ,linenotes3 #cgid arctour--,,ms4 aritour #cgie neye--neygh #cgif seyne--seyn neye--nygh #cgig-ii boetes--,,ms4 boeces1 ,c4 boetes #cgih his 7#a7--;hise weynes--weynes #chjb fulle--fulle #chjd hadde--hadde #chjf bacines--,,ms4 batines ikke--,,ms4 ilke1 ,c4 thilke #chjg seyne--seyn #chjh hyte--hihte #chji eclips--eclypse #chab chorus--,,ms4 thorus1 ,c4 chorus #chac snowe--sonwh snowh #chae here--her redyly--redely #chaf yhid--,,ms4 yhidde1 ,c4 ,i-hid seye--seyn #chag trouble--trowblen #chbj departide from--departede fro ,headnote3 ,,five ,,great ,,questions4 ,,ita ,,est ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the syxte prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,so it is4 ,but as thou hast promised to unfold the hidden causes of things1 and unveil things wrapt up in darkness2 ,i pray thee deliver me from my present perplexity1 and explain the mystery ,i mentioned to you4 vs is it quod ,i4 but so as ou hast euen or byhyt me to vnwrappen e hidde causes of inges and #chbd to discoueren me e resouns couered with dirknesses ,i preye e at ou diuise and ,iuge me of is matere4 and at ou do me to vndrestonden it4 ,for is miracle or is wondre trouble me ryt gretely4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,you ask me to declare to you the most intricate of all questions1 which ,i am afraid can scarce be answered4 and an she a #chbh litel what smylyng seide4 ou clepest me quod she to telle ing4 at is grettest of alle inges at mowen ben axed4 ,and to e whiche questioun vnnees is ere aut ynow to lauen it4 as who sei4 vnnees is er #chcb suffisauntly any ing to answere perfitly to i questioun4 ,sidenote3 ,for the subject is of such a kind1 that when one doubt is removed1 innumerable others1 like the heads of the hydra1 spring up4 ,for e matere of it is swiche at whan oon doute is pg #acd determined and kut awey er wexen oer doutes wi-outen noumbre4 ryt as e heuedes waxen of ydre e #chcf serpent at hercules slou4 ,sidenote3 ,nor would there be any end of them unless they were restrained by a quick and vigorous effort of the mind4 ,ne ere ne were no manere ne noon ende4 but yif at a wyt constreinede o doutes4 by a ryt lyuely and a quik fire of out4 at is to seyn by vigour and strenge of witte4 ,sidenote3 ,the question whereof you want a solution embraces the five following points3 #a4 ,simplicity1 or unity of ,providence4 #b4 ,the order and course of ,destiny4 ,for in #chdj is matere men weren wont to maken questiouns of e simplicite of e purueaunce of god and of e ordre of destine4 ,sidenote3 #c4 ,sudden chance4 #d4 ,prescience of ,god1 and divine predestination4 #e4 ,free-will4 and of sodeyne hap4 and of e knowyng and predestinacioun deuine and of e lyberte of fre wille4 #chdd e whiche ing ou i self aperceiust wel of what weyt ei ben4 but for as mochel as e knowynge of ise inges is a manere porcioun to e medicine to e4 al be it so at ,i haue lytel tyme to don it4 ,sidenote3 ,i will try to treat of these things3-- it naeles ,i wole #chdh enforcen me to shewe somwhat of it4 but al ou e norissinges of dite of musike delite e ow most suffren4 and forberen a litel of ilk delite while at ,i weue 7contexo7 to e resouns yknyt by ordre ,as it like #cheb to e quod ,i so do4 ,sidenote3 ,resuming her discourse as from a new principle1 ,philosophy argued as follows3-- o spak she ryt as by an oer bygynnynge and seide us4 ,sidenote3 ,the generation of all things1 every progression of things liable to change1 and everything that moveth1 derive their causes1 order1 and form from the immutability of the divine understanding4 e engendrynge of alle inges quod she and alle e progressiouns of muuable nature4 and alle at moeue in any manere taki hys #chef causes4 hys ordre4 and hys formes4 of e stablenesse of e deuyne out ,sidenote3 ,providence directs all things by a variety of means4 and thilke deuyne thowht at is yset and put in e toure4 at is to seyne in e heyt of e simplicite of god4 stablisi many manere gyses to inges at #chfj ben to don4 ,sidenote3 ,these means1 referred only to the divine intelligence1 are called ,providence2 but when contemplated in relation to the things which receive motion and order from them1 are called ,destiny4 e whiche manere whan at men loken it in ilke pure clerenesse of e deuyne intelligence4 it is ycleped purueaunce but whan ilke manere is referred by men to inges at it moeue and dispone an pg #ace of olde men4 it was cleped destine4 ,linenotes3 #chbc byhyt--by-hyhte #chbd hidde--hyd #chbf preye--preey diuise--deuyse #chbg do--don #chbh gretely--gretly #chbi what--from ,c4 #chcb ere aut--ther awht #chcd swiche--swych oon--o #chce wiouten noumbre--with-owte nowmbyr #chcf waxen--wexen #chcg ere--ther #chch constreinede--constreynede #chci lyuely--lyfly #chdj witte--wit #chdc hap--happe #chde weyt--wyht #chdh wole--wol #chej ow--,,ms4 now1 ,c4 ou most suffren--,,ms4 moste to souereyne2 ,c4 most suffren #chea ilk--thilke #chec o--so spak--,,ms4 spake1 ,c4 spak as--as #chef alle--al #cheh and----thowht--from ,c4 yset--,,ms4 ysette1 ,c4 yset #chei toure--towr seyne--seyn heyt--heyhte #chfa don--done #chfb clerenesse--klennesse ,headnote3 ,,of ,,fate ,,and ,,providence4 ,sidenote3 ,reflection on the efficacy of the one and the other will soon cause us to see their differences4 e whiche #chfe inges yif at any wyt loke wel in his out4 e strenge of at oon and of at oer he shal lytly mowen seen at ise two inges ben diuers4 ,sidenote3 ,providence is the divine intelligence manifested in the disposition of worldly affairs4 ,for purueaunce #chfh is ilke deuyne resoun at is establissed in e souereyne prince of inges4 e whiche purueaunce disponi alle inges4 ,sidenote3 ,destiny or ,fate is that inherent state or condition of movable things by means whereof ,providence retains them in the order in which she has placed them4 but destine is e disposicioun and ordenaunce cleuynge to moeuable inges4 by e whiche disposicioun #chgb e purueaunce knyte alle inges in hire ordres4 ,sidenote3 ,providence embraces all things1 although diverse and infinite2 but ,fate gives motion to every individual thing1 and in the place and under the form appropriated to it4 ,for purueaunce enbrace alle inges to hepe4 al ou at ei ben dyuerse and al ou ei ben wi outen fyn4 but destynie departe and ordeyne alle inges singlerly #chgf and diuide4 in moeuynges4 in places4 in formes4 in tymes4 departi as us4 ,sidenote3 ,so that the explication of this order of things wrapt up in the divine intelligence is ,providence2 and being unfolded according to time and other circumstances1 may be called ,fate4 so at e vnfoldyng of temporel ordenaunce assembled and ooned in e lokyng of e deuyne out ,is purueaunce and ilke same #chhj assemblynge4 and oonyng diuided and vnfolden by tymes4 lat at ben called destine4 ,sidenote3 ,though these things appear to differ1 yet one of them depends on the other1 for the order of ,fate proceeds from the unity of ,providence4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cj b4 and al be 99it so at ise inges ben dyuerse4 itte naeles hange at oon on at oer4 forwhi e ordre destinal procedi of e #chhd simplicite of purueaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,for as a workman1 who has formed in his head the plan of a work which he is desirous to finish1 executes it afterwards1 and produces after a time all the different parts of the model which he has conceived2 for ryt as a werkman at aperceiue in hys out e forme of e ing at he wil make moeue e effect of e werke4 and ledi at he hadde loked byforne in hys out symply and presently #chhh by temporel out4 ,sidenote3 so ,god in the plan of his ,providence disposes everything to be brought about in a certain order and in a proper time2 ,certys ryt so god disponi in hys purueaunce singlerly and stably e inges at ben to done4 but he amynistre in many maneres and in dyuerse tymes by destyne4 ilke same inges #chib at he ha disponed an wheir at destine be excercised4 ,linenotes3 #chgb cleuynge--clyuynge #chge wi outen fyn--,infynyte #chgf singlerly--syngulerly #chgg in 7#c7--,,ms4 and1 ,c4 in #chgh departi--omitted as--from ,c4 so at--lat #chhd on--of #chhf wil--wol #chhh hadde--hadde symply--symplely #chhi out--ordinaunce #chij singlerly--syngulerly stably--stablely #chic ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,providence ,,controls ,,fate4 ,sidenote3 and afterwards1 by the ministry of ,fate1 he accomplishes what he has planned1 conformably to that order and that time4 eyer by somme dyuyne spirites seruaunte to e deuyne purueaunce4 or ellys by somme soule 7anima mundi74 or ellys by al nature seruynge to god4 or ellys pg #acf by e celestial moeuyng of sterres4 or ellys by e vertue #chig of aungels4 or ellys by e dyuerse subtilite of deueles4 or ellys by any of hem4 or ellys by hem alle e destynal ordynaunce is ywouen or accomplissed4 certys it is open #cijj ing at e purueaunce is an vnmoeueable and symple forme of inges to done4 and e moeueable bonde and e temporel ordynaunce of inges whiche at e deuyne simplicite of purueaunce ha ordeyned to done4 at is #cijd destine4 ,sidenote3 ,so then1 however ,fate be exercised1 it is evident that things subject to ,destiny are under the control of ,providence1 which disposes ,destiny4 ,for whiche it is at alle inges at ben put vndir destine ben certys subgit to purueaunce4 to whiche purueaunce destine it self is subgit and vndir4 ,sidenote3 ,but some things under ,providence are exempt from the control of ,fate2 being stably fixed near to the ,divinity himself1 and beyond the movement of ,destiny4 ,but somme inges ben put vndir purueaunce at #cijh sourmounten e ordinaunce of destine4 and o ben ilke at stably ben yficched ney to e first godhed ei sourmounten e ordre of destinal moeuablite4 ,sidenote3 ,for even1 as among several circles revolving round one common centre1 that which is innermost approaches nearest to the simplicity of the middle points1 and is1 as it were1 a centre1 round which the outward ones revolve2 ,for ryt as cercles at tournen aboute a same ,centre or #ciab about a poynt4 ilke cercle at is inrest or moost wi-ynne ioine to e symplesse of e myddel and is as it were a ,centre or a poynt to at oer cercles at tournen abouten hym4 ,sidenote3 whilst the outermost1 revolving in a wider circumference1 the further it is from the centre describes a larger space--but yet1 if this circle or anything else be joined to the middle point1 it is constrained to be immovable4 and ilke at is outerest compased by #ciaf larger envyronnynge is vnfolden by larger spaces in so mochel as it is forest fro e mydel symplicite of e poynt4 and yif er be any ing at knytte and felawshippe hym selfe to ilke mydel poynt it is constreyned #cibj in to symplicite4 at is to seyn in to vnmoeueablete4 and it ceseth to ben shad and to fletin dyuersly4 ,sidenote3 ,by parity of reason1 the further anything is removed from the first intelligence1 so much the more is it under the control of ,destiny2 ,ryt so by semblable resoun4 ilke inge at departi firest fro e first out of god4 it is vnfolden and summittid #cibd to grettere bondes of destine4 ,sidenote3 and the nearer anything approaches to this ,intelligence1 the centre of all things1 the more stable it becomes1 and the less dependent upon ,destiny4 and in so moche is e ing more free and lovs fro destyne as it axe and holde hym ner to ilke ,centre of inges4 at is to pg #acg seyne god4 ,linenotes3 #chid eyer--owther seruaunte--,,ms4 seruaunce #chie somme--som #chif al--alle #chig moeuyng--moeuynges #cijj ywouen--,,ms4 ywonnen1 ,c4 ywouen or--and #cijb bonde--bond #cijd ha--,,ms4 hae #cije whiche--which #ciab as--as of #ciac about--a-bowte inrest--innerest #ciag larger 7#a7--;a large #ciah mochel--moche forest--ferthere #cibj selfe--self #ciba vnmoeueablete--vnmoeuablete #cibb ceseth--,,ms4 flee1 ,c4 cesith #cibc inge--thing #cibd of--,,ms4 to1 ,c4 of #cibf lovs--laus #cibg ner--nere ,headnote3 ,,destiny ,,rules ,,nature4 ,sidenote3 ,and if we suppose that the thing in question is joined to the stability of the supreme mind1 it then becomes immovable1 and is beyond the necessity and power of destiny4 and if e inge cleue to e stedfastnesse #cibh of e out of god4 and be wi oute moeuyng certys it sourmounte e necessite of destyne4 ,sidenote3 ,as reasoning is to the understanding1 as that which is produced to that which exists of itself1 as time to eternity1 as the circle to the centre1 so is the movable order of ,fate to the stable simplicity of ,providence4 an ryt swiche comparisoun as it is of skilynge to vndirstondyng and of ing at is engendred to ing at is4 and of tyme to #cicb eternite4 and of e cercle to e ,centre4 ryt so is e ordre of moeueable destine to e stable symplicite of purueaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,destiny rules nature4 ilke ordinaunce moeue e heuene and e sterres and attempre e elyment to gider #cicf amonges hem self4 and transforme hem by enterchaungable mutacioun4 and ilke same ordre newe aein alle inges growyng and fallyng a-doune by sembleables progressiouns of seedes and of sexes4 at is #cidj to sein4 male and female4 ,sidenote3 ,it controls the actions of men by an indissoluble chain of causes1 and is1 like their origin1 immutable4 and is ilke ordre constreyne e fortunes and e dedes of men by a bonde of causes nat able to ben vnbounden 7indissolubili74 e whiche destinal causes whanne ei passen oute fro e bygynnynges #cidd of e vnmoeueable purueaunce it mot nedes be at ei ne be nat mutable4 ,sidenote3 ,thus1 then1 are all things well conducted1 since that invariable order of cause has its origin in the simplicity of the ,divine mind1 and by its inherent immutability exercises a restraint upon mutable things1 and preserves them from irregularity4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ca4 and us ben e inges ful wel ygouerned4 yif at e symplicite dwellynge 99in e deuyne out shewe fure e ordre of causes4 vnable to #cidh be ,i-bowed4 and is ordre constreyne by hys propre stablete e moeueable inges4 or ellys ei sholde fleten folily ,sidenote3 ,to those who understand not this order1 things appear confused--nevertheless1 the proper condition of all things directs and inclines it to their true good4 for whiche it is at alle inges semen to be confus and trouble to vs men4 for we ne mowe nat considere #cieb ilke ordinaunce4 ,naeles e propre manere of euery ing dressynge hem to goode disponit hem alle4 ,sidenote3 ,for there is nothing done for the sake of evil1 not even by the wicked1 who1 in seeking for felicity1 are led astray by crooked error4 for ere nis no inge don for cause of yuel4 ne ilke ing at is don by wickede folk nis nat don for yuel #cief e whiche shrewes as ,i haue shewed ful plentiuously seken goode4 but wicked errour mystourni hem4 ,linenotes3 #cibh seyne--seyn inge cleue--thing clyueth stedfastnesse--stydefastnesse #cicj swiche--swych #cica it--from ,c4 #cicb to 7#b7--,,ms4 of1 ,c4 to #cicg enterchaungable--,,ms4 enterchaungyngable1 ,c4 entrechaungeable #cici a-doune--a-down sembleables--semblable #cidb bonde--bond #cidc ben vnbounden--be vnbownde #cidd oute--owt #cidh fure--forth #cidi ,i-bowed--,,ms4 vnbounden1 ,c4 ,i-bowed #ciej sholde--sholden #ciea whiche--which #cieb mowe--mowen #cief wickede--wykkede #cieg ful--from ,c4 #cieh goode--good pg #ach ,headnote3 ,,nothing ,,done ,,for ,,evil',s ,,sake4 ,sidenote3 ,but the order proceeding from the centre of supreme goodness does not mislead any4 ,ne e ordre comynge fro e poynt of souereyne goode ne decline nat fro hys bygynnynge4 ,sidenote3 ,but you may say1 what greater confusion can there be than that both prosperous and adverse things should at times happen to good men1 and that evil men should at one time enjoy their desires and at another be tormented by hateful things4 but ou mayst sein #cifj what vnreste may ben a wors confusioun an at goode men han somme tyme aduersite4 and somtyme prosperite4 and shrewes also han now inges at ei desiren4 ,sidenote3 ,are men wise enough to discover1 whether those whom they believe to be virtuous or wicked1 are so in reality8 and now inges at ei haten wheer men #cifd lyuen now in swiche hoolnesse of out4 as who sei4 ben men now so wise4 at swiche folk as ei demen to ben goode folk or shrewes at it mot nedes ben at folk ben swiche as ei wenen4 ,sidenote3 ,opinions differ as to this matter4 ,some who are deemed worthy of reward by one person1 are deemed unworthy by another4 but in is manere e domes #cifh of men discorden4 at ilke men at somme folk demen wori of mede4 oer folk demen hem wori of tourment4 ,sidenote3 ,but1 suppose it were possible for one to distinguish with certainty between the good and the bad8 but lat vs graunte ,i pose at som man may wel demen or knowen e goode folk and e badde4 ,sidenote3 ,then he must have as accurate a knowledge of the mind as one has of the body4 ,may he an #cigb knowen and seen ilke inrest attemperaunce of corages4 as it ha ben wont to be said of bodyes4 as who sai may a man speken and determine of attemperaunce in corages4 as men were wont to demen or speken of complexiouns #cigf and attemperaunces of bodies 7q' non74 ,sidenote3 ,it is miraculous to him who knows it not1 why sweet things are agreeable to some bodies1 and bitter to others2 why some sick persons are relieved by lenitives and others by sharper remedies4 ne it ne is nat an vnlyke miracle to hem at ne knowen it nat4 ,as who sei4 but is lyke a merueil or a miracle to hem at ne knowen it nat4 whi at swete #cihj inges ben couenable to some bodies at ben hool and to some bodies bittre inges ben couenable4 and also whi at some seke folk ben holpen with lyt medicines and some folk ben holpen with sharppe medicynes #cihd ,sidenote3 ,it is no marvel to the leech1 who knows the causes of disease1 and their cures4 but naeles e leche at knowe e manere and e attemperaunce of heele and of maladie ne merueile of it no ing4 ,sidenote3 ,what constitutes the health of the mind1 but goodness8 ,and what are its maladies1 but vice8 but what oer ing seme hele of corages but bounte and prowesse4 and what oer ing seme maladie #cihh of corages but vices4 ,sidenote3 ,who is the preserver of good1 or the driver away of evil1 but ,god1 the physician of souls1 who knows what is necessary for men1 and bestows it upon them8 who is ellys kepere of good or dryuere awey of yuel but god gouernour and leecher of pg #aci outes4 e whiche god whan he ha by-holden from e heye toure of hys purueaunce he knowe what is #ciib couenable to euery wyt4 and lene hem at he wot at is couenable to hem4 ,sidenote3 ,from this source springs that great marvel--the order of destiny--wrought by the wisdom of ,god1 and marveled at by ignorant men4 ,loo here of come and here of is don is noble miracle of e ordre destinal4 ,linenotes3 #ciei goode--good #cifj decline--,,ms4 encline1 ,c4 declynyth #cifa wors--worse #cifb somme tyme--somtyme #cife swiche--swych #cifg goode--good mot--moste #ciga graunte--graunte #cigc inrest--,inneryste #cigd ha--,,ms4 hae said--,,ms4 saide1 ,c4 seyd #cige determine--determinen #cigh ne--from ,c4 vnlyke--vn-lyk #cigi lyke--lik #ciha ben--from ,c4 hool--hoole #cihd and----medicynes--from ,c4 #ciia ha--,,ms4 hae #ciic wot--,,ms4 wote1 ,c4 wot #ciid at--from ,c4 #ciie don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don miracle--,,ms4 mirache1 ,c4 myracle ordre--,,ms4 ordre of ,headnote3 ,,god ,,the ,,soul',s ,,physician4 whan god at alle knowe do swiche ing4 of whiche #ciif ing at vnknowyng folk ben astoned ,sidenote3 ,but1 now let us notice a few things concerning the depth of the ,divine knowledge which human reason may comprehend4 but forto constreine as who sei ,but forto comprehende and telle a fewe inges of e deuyne depnesse e whiche at mans resoun may vnderstonde4 ,sidenote3 ,the man you deem just1 may appear otherwise to the omniscient eye of ,providence4 ilk man at ou wenest #djjj to ben ryt ,iuste and ryt kepyng of equite4 e contrarie of at seme to e deuyne purueaunce at al woot4 ,and lucan my familier telle at e victories cause likede to e goddes and causes ouercomen likede to #djjd catoun4 ,sidenote3 ,when you see apparent irregularities--unexpected and unwished for--deem them to be rightly done4 an what so euer ou mayst seen at is don in is world vnhoped or vnwened4 certys it is e ryte ordre of inges4 but as to i wickede oppinioun it is a confusioun4 ,sidenote3 ,let us suppose a man so well behaved1 as to be approved of ,god and man--but not endowed with firmness of mind1 so that the reverses of fortune will cause him to forgo his probity1 since with it he cannot retain his prosperity4 but ,i suppose at som man be so wel yewed4 #djjh at e deuyne ,iugement and e ,iugement of mankynde accorden hem to gidre of hym4 but he is so vnstedfast of corage at yif any aduersite come to hym he wolde for-leten perauenture to continue innocence by e #djab whiche he ne may nat wiholden fortune4 ,sidenote3 ,a wise ,providence1 knowing that adversity might destroy this man's integrity1 averts from him that adversity which he is not able to sustain4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ca b4 an e wise dispensacioun of god spare hym e whiche manere aduersite 99myte enpeyren4 ,for at god wil nat suffren hym to trauaile4 to whom at trauayl #djaf nis nat couenable4 ,sidenote3 ,another man is thoroughly virtuous1 and approaches to the purity of the deity--him ,providence deems it an injustice to oppress by adversity1 and therefore exempts him even from bodily disease4 ,an oer man is perfit in alle uertues4 and is an holy man and neye to god so at e purueaunce of god wolde demen at it were a felony at he were touched wi any aduersites4 so at he ne #djbj wil nat suffre at swiche a man be moeued wi any pg #adj manere maladie4 ,but so as seide a philosophre the moore excellent by me4 e aduersites comen nat 7he seide in grec27 ere at uertues han edified e bodie #djbd of e holy man4 ,sidenote3 ,providence often gives the direction of public affairs to good men1 in order to curb and restrain the malice of the wicked4 and ofte tyme it bitide at e somme of inges at ben to don is taken to good folk to gouerne4 for at e malice habundaunt of shrewes sholde ben abatid4 ,sidenote3 ,to some is given a mixture of good and evil1 according to what is most suitable to the dispositions of their minds4 and god eue and departi to oer #djbh folk prosperites and aduersites ymedeled to hepe aftir e qualite of hire corages and remordi som folk by aduersites4 ,sidenote3 ,upon some are laid moderate afflictions1 lest they wax proud by too long a course of prosperity4 for ei ne sholden nat wexen proude by longe welefulnesse4 ,sidenote3 ,others suffer great adversities that their virtues may be exercised1 and strengthened by the practice of patience4 and oer folk he suffre to ben #djcb trauayled wi harde inges4 ,for at ei sholden conferme e vertues of corage by e vsage and exercitacioun of pacience4 ,sidenote3 ,some fear to be afflicted with what they are able to endure4 ,others despise what they are unable to bear2 and ,god punishes them with calamities1 to make them sensible of their presumption4 and oer folke dreden more en ei auten e wiche ei myten wel beren4 and ilke folk god #djcf ledi in to experience of hem self by aspre and sorweful inges4 ,sidenote3 ,many have purchased a great name by a glorious death4 ,and many oer folk han bout honorable renoune of is worlde by e pris of glorious dee4 ,sidenote3 ,others by their unshaken fortitude1 have shown that virtue cannot be overcome by adversity4 and som men at ne mowen nat ben ouer-comen by #djdj tourment han euen ensample to oer folk at vertue ne may nat be ouer-comen by aduersites4 ,transcriber's ,note3 ,the sidenote 8,others despise what they are unable to bear0 does not correspond to anything in the text4 ,skeat's edition includes the phrase 8and somme dispyse that they mowe nat beren0 7,book ,,iv1 ,prose #f3 ,ita ,est ,inquam74 ,linenotes3 #ciif alle--al do--,,ms4 doe whiche--which #ciig at--from ,c4 #ciii mans--mannes #djjj ilk--thilke #djjd likede 7both7--lykede #djje is don--,,ms4 is to don #djjf world--from ,c4 ryte--ryhte #djjg wickede--wykkede #djaj vnstedfast--vnstydefast #djaa at--from ,c4 wolde--wol #djae manere--man myte--myhte #djaf wil--wol #djah neye--negh #djba wil--wol swiche--swych #djbb manere--bodyly #djbb-c the----me--from ,c4 #djbc e aduersites----nat--omitted #djbd ere--omitted #djbf don--done to 7#b7--,,ms4 so to good----gouerne--to gouerne to goode folk #djbh oer--oothre #djcj som--some #djca sholden--sholde #djcc conferme--confermen #djcd corage--corages #djcf myten--myhten #djcg hem--hym sorweful--sorwful #djch oer--oothre #djci worlde--world of 7#b7--of the #djda oer--othre ,headnote3 ,,how ,,providence ,,deals ,,with ,,mankind4 ,sidenote3 ,these things are done justly1 and in order1 and are for the good of those to whom they happen4 and of alle ise inges er nis no doute at ei ne ben don rytfully and ordeinly to e profit of hem to whom we #djdd seen ise inges bitide4 ,sidenote3 ,from the same causes it happens1 that sometimes adversity and sometimes prosperity falls to the lot of the wicked4 ,for certys at aduersite come some tyme to shrewes4 and some tyme at ei desiren it come of ise forseide causes ,sidenote3 ,none are surprised to see bad men afflicted--they get what they deserve4 and of sorweful inges at bytyden to shrewes4 ,certys no man ne #djdh wondre4 ,for alle men wenen at ei han wel deserued it4 ,sidenote3 ,their punishment1 too1 may cause amendment1 or deter others from like vices4 and ei ben of wicked merite of whiche shrewes e tourment som tyme agaste oer to done pg #ada folies4 and som tyme it amende hem at suffren e #djeb tourmentis4 ,sidenote3 ,when the wicked enjoy felicity--the good should learn how little these external advantages are to be prized1 which may fall to the lot of the most worthless4 ,and e prosperite at is euen to shrewes shewe a grete argument to goode folk what ing ei sholde demen of ilk wilfulnesse e whiche prosperite men seen ofte serue to shrewes4 ,sidenote3 ,another reason for dispensing worldly bliss to the wicked is1 that indigence would prompt naturally violent and rapacious minds to commit the greatest enormities4 in e whiche #djef ing ,i trowe at god dispensi4 for perauenture e nature of som man is so ouerrowyng to yuel and so vncouenable at e nedy pouerte of hys house-hold myte raer egren hym to done felonies4 ,sidenote3 ,their disease ,god cures by the medicine of money4 and to e maladie #djfj of hym god putti remedie to iuen hym rychesse4 ,sidenote3 ,some men will cease to do wrong for fear1 lest their wealth be lost through their crimes4 and som oer man byholdi hys conscience defouled wi synnes and maki comparisoun of his fortune and of hym self and dredi perauenture at hys blisfulnesse #djfd of whiche e vsage is ioyful to hym at e lesynge of ilke blisfulnesse ne be nat sorweful to hym4 and erfore he wol chaunge hys maneres4 and for he dredi to lese hys fortune4 he forleti hys wickednesse4 #djfh ,sidenote3 ,upon others unmerited happiness is conferred1 which at last precipitates them into deserved destruction4 to oer folk is welefulnesse yeuen vnworily e whiche ouerrowe hem in to destruccioun at ei han deserued4 ,sidenote3 ,to some there is given the power of chastisement1 in order both to exercise the virtues of the good and to punish the wicked4 and to som oer folk is euen power to punissen4 for at it shal be cause of continuacioun and #djgb exercisinge to goode folk4 and cause of tourment to shrewes4 ,sidenote3 ,for as there is no alliance between good and bad1 so neither can the vicious agree together4 ,for so as er nis none alyaunce bytwixe goode folke and shrewes4 ne shrewes ne mowen nat accorden amonges hem self ,sidenote3 ,and how should they8 ,their vices make them at war with themselves1 rending and tearing their consciences1 and there is scarce anything they do1 but what afterwards they disapprove of4 and whi nat4 for shrewes #djgf discorden of hem self by her vices e whiche vices al to renden her consciences4 and don ofte tyme inges e whiche inges whan ei han don hem4 ei demen at o inges ne sholde nat han ben don4 ,sidenote3 ,hence arises a signal miracle brought about by ,providence--that evil men have often made wicked men good4 for whiche inge #djhj ilke souereyne purueaunce ha maked ofte tyme faire miracle so at shrewes han maked oftyme pg #adb shrewes to ben goode men4 ,sidenote3 ,for these latter having suffered injuries from the former1 have become virtuous1 in order that they might not resemble those whom they so detested4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cb4 for whan at som shrewes 99seen at ei suffren wrongfully felonies of oer shrewes #djhd ei wexen eschaufed in to hate of hem at anoien hem4 and retournen to e fruit of uertue4 when ei studien to ben vnlyke to hem at ei han hated4 ,linenotes3 #djdf come--comth some 7both7--som at ei--,,ms4 ei at1 ,c4 at that they #djdg come--comth sorweful--sorwful #djej wicked--wykkede merite--,,ms4 uerite1 ,c4 meryte #djea oer--oothre done--don #djeb folies--felonies #djed grete--gret goode--goode #djee sholde--sholden ilk--thilke #djef serue--seruen whiche--which #djeg dispensi--,,ms4 dispisi1 ,c4 dispensith #djei myte--myhte #djfj done--don #djfa rychesse--,rychesses #djfe whiche--which #djfh ,,ms4 wrongly inserts welefulnesse after wickednesse #djfi-ga oer--oothre #djgc goode--goode #djgd none--non #djge goode--goode #djgf accorden--acordy #djgh don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don ofte--ofte #djgi don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #djhj sholde--sholden whiche inge--which thing #djha ha--,,ms4 hae ofte--ofte #djhb faire--from ,c4 oftyme--omitted #djhc goode--goode #djhe hate--hate anoien--anoyeden #djhg studien--omitted vnlyke--vnlyk ,headnote3 ,,evil ,,is ,,overruled ,,for ,,good4 ,sidenote3 ,it is only the ,divine power that can turn evil to good1 overruling it for his own purposes4 ,certys is only is e deuyne myt to e whiche myt #djhh yueles ben an good4 whan it vse o yueles couenably and drawe out e effect of any good4 as who sei at yuel is good oonly by e myt of god4 for e myt of god ordeyne ilk yuel to good4 ,for oon ordre enbrasi #djib alle inges4 so at what wyt at departi fro e resoun of e ordre whiche at is assigned to hym4 algates it he slide in to an oer ordre4 ,sidenote3 ,nothing occurs by the caprice of chance in the realms of ,divine ,providence4 so at noing nis leueful to folye in e realme of e deuyne purueaunce4 #djif as who sei no ing nis wiouten ordinaunce in e realme of e deuyne purueaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,since ,god is the governor of all things1 it is not lawful to man to attempt to comprehend the whole of the ,divine economy1 or to explain it in words4 ,syn at e ryt stronge god gouerni alle inges in is worlde for it nis nat leueful to no man to comprehenden by witte ne #dajj vnfolden by worde alle e subtil ordinaunces and disposiciouns of e deuyne entent4 ,sidenote3 ,let it suffice to know that ,god orders all things for the best4 for oonly it aute suffice to han loked at god hym self makere of alle natures ordeyni and dressi alle inges to good4 ,sidenote3 ,and while he retains things created after his own likeness conformably to his goodness1 he banishes evil by the cause of destiny out of his empire4 while #dajd at he hasti to wihalden e inges at he ha maked in to hys semblaunce4 at is to seyn forto wiholden inges in to good4 for he hym self is good he chase oute al yuel of e boundes of hys communalite by e #dajh ordre of necessite destinable4 ,sidenote3 ,so that those evils which you seem to see are only imaginary4 ,for whiche it folwe at yif ou loke e purueaunce ordeynynge e inges at men wenen ben haboundaunt in eres4 ou ne shalt not seen in no place no ing of yuel4 ,sidenote3 ,but you are exhausted and weary with the prolixity of my reasoning1 and look for relief from the harmony of my verse4 but ,i se now at #daab ou art charged wi e weyte of e questioun and pg #adc wery wi lenge of my resoun4 and at ou abidest som swetnesse of songe4 ,sidenote3 ,take1 then1 this draught1 with which when refreshed1 you may more strongly proceed to higher matters4 tak an is draut and whan ou art wel refresshed and refet ou shalt ben more stedfast #daaf to stye in to heyere questiouns4 ,linenotes3 #djhi-ij good--goode #djib ilk--thilke #djic at--from ,c4 #djid e 7#b7--thilke whiche--which #djif realme--,reame #djii stronge--stronge worlde--world #dajj no--omitted witte--wit #daja worde alle--word al #dajb aute--owhte #dajd good while--goode wyl #daje ha--,,ms4 hae #dajh of 7#a7--;fro #daji whiche--which #daaa ben haboundaunt--ben outraious _/ or habowndant #daae tak--,,ms4 take1 ,c4 tak #daaf refet--refect shalt ben--shal be stedfast--stydefast ,headnote3 ,,love ,,tempers ,,all ,,things4 ,,si ,,uis ,,celsi ,,iura4 ,sidenote3 ,the syxte ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,if thou wouldst explore the laws of the high ,thunderer1 behold the lofty heavens1 where1 bound by fixed laws1 the stars keep their ancient peace4 ,yif ou wolt demen in i pure out e rytes or e lawes of e heye underere4 at is to seyne of god4 loke ou and bihold e heytes of souereyne heuene4 #dabj ere kepen e sterres by rytful alliaunce of inges hir olde pees4 ,sidenote3 ,there the rosy ,sun does not invade the moon's colder sphere4 ,nor doth the ,bear stray from his appointed bounds1 to quench his light in the western main4 e sonne ymoeued by hys rody fire4 ne destourbi nat e colde cercle of e moone4 ,ne e sterre yclepid e bere4 at enclini hys rauyssynge #dabd courses abouten e souereyne heyt of e worlde4 ne e same sterre vrsa nis neuer mo wasshen in e depe westerne see4 ne coueiti nat to dyen hys flaumbes in e see of the occian4 al ou he see oer sterres yplounged #dabh in to e see4 ,sidenote3 ,vesper always makes its wonted appearance at eve4 ,lucifer ushers in the morn4 ,and hesperus e sterre bodi and telli alwey e late nytes4 ,and lucifer e sterre brynge aeyne e clere day4 ,sidenote3 ,so mutual love moves all things1 and from the starry region banishes all strife4 ,and us maki loue enterchaungeable e perdurable courses4 and us #dacb is discordable bataile yput oute of e contre of e sterres4 ,sidenote3 ,this concord in equal measures tempers the elements1 so that the moist atoms war no more with the dry1 nor heat with cold contends2 but the aspiring flame soars aloft1 while down the heavy earth descends4 is accordaunce attempre by euene-lyke maneres e elementes4 at e moyste inges striuen nat wi e drye inges4 but iuen place by stoundes4 and at e #dacf colde inges ioynen hem by fei to e hote inges4 and at e lyte fyre arist in to heyte4 and e heuy eres aualen by her weytes4 ,sidenote3 ,by these same causes the flowing year yields sweet smells in the warm spring-tide2 the hot summer ripens the corn4 by ise same cause e floury yere elde swote smellys in e fyrste somer sesoun #dadj warmynge4 and e hote somer drye e cornes4 ,sidenote3 ,autumn comes crowned with plenty1 and winter wets the earth with showers4 and autumpne come aeyne heuy of apples4 and e fletyng pg #add reyne bydewe e wynter4 is attemperaunce noryssi and bryngge fure al inge at bredi lyfe in is #dadd worlde4 ,sidenote3 ,these changes give life and growth to all that breathe2 and at last by death efface whatever has had birth4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cb b4 and ilk same attemperaunce rauyssyng hide and bynyme and drenche vndir e laste dee alle 99inges yborn4 ,sidenote3 ,meanwhile the world's ,creator1 the ,source of all1 the ,lawgiver1 the wise ,judge1 sits above equitably directing all things4 ,amonges ise inges sitte e heye makere kyng and lorde4 welle and bygynnynge4 lawe #dadh and wise ,iuge4 to don equite and gouerni and enclini e bridles of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,those things which have been set in motion by him are also checked and forced to move in an endless round1 lest they go from their source1 and become chaotic4 and o inges at he stire to don by moeuynge he widrawe and aresti and affermi e moeueable or wandryng inges4 ,for if at he ne #daeb clepi nat aein e ryt goynge of inges4 and if at he ne constreynede hem nat eftesones in to roundenesse enclined e inges at ben now continued by stable ordinaunce4 ei sholde deperten from hir welle4 at is #daef to sein from hir bygynnynge and failen4 at is to sein tournen in to naut4 ,sidenote3 ,this love is common to all things1 and all things tend to good2 so1 urged by this1 they all revert to that ,first ,cause that gave them being4 is is e commune loue of alle inges4 and alle inges axen to be holden by e fyn of good4 ,for ellys ne myten ei nat lasten yif ei ne #dafj come nat eftesones aeine by loue retourned to e cause at ha euen hem beynge4 at is to seyn to god4 ,linenotes3 #daah ou wolt--ou wys wilt #daai underere--thonderere seyne--seyn #dabj bihold--,,ms4 biholde1 ,c4 byhold #dabb rody--,,ms4 redy1 ,c4 rody fire--,fyr #dabc cercle--clerke #dabe courses--cours heyt--heyhte #dabg westerne--westrene dyen--deeyn #dabh the--from ,c4 he see--,,ms4 it sewe1 ,c4 he see oer--oothre #daca aeyne--ayein #dacc oute--owt #dacd euene-lyke maneres--euenelyk maneres #dace striuen--stryuynge nat--omitted #dacf but--omitted #dach lyte fyre arist--lyhte fyr arysith #dadj yere--er #dadb come aeyne--comth ayein #dadc reyne--reyn #dadd fure al inge--forth alle thing bredi lyfe--berith lyf #dade worlde--world ilk--thilke #dadf laste dee--laste deth #dadg yborn--,,ms4 yborne1 ,c4 ,i-born #dadh lorde--lord #dadi wise--wys #daej stire--sterith don--gon #daea e--omitted #daec clepi--klepede #daed constreynede--constreynede roundenesse--,rowndnesses #daef sholde--sholden #daeh tournen--torne of--to #daei be--ben #dafa eftesones aeine--eft sones ayein #dafb ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,all ,,fortune ,,is ,,beneficial4 ,,iam ,,ne ,,igitur ,,uides4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende prose4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do you see what follows from our arguments8 ,sest ou nat an what ing folwe alle e inges at ,i haue seid4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what is it8 what ing quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,that all fortune is good4 ,certys quod she #dafd outerly at al fortune is good4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,how can that be8 and how may at be quod 4,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,since all fortune1 whether prosperous or adverse1 is for the reward of the good or the punishment of the bad1 all fortune is good which is either just or useful4 ,now vndirstand quod she so as alle fortune wheyther so it be ,ioyeful fortune _/ or aspre fortune is iuen eier by cause of gerdonynge or ellys of #dafh exercisynge of goode folk or ellys by cause to punissen4 or ellys to chastysen shrewes4 an is alle fortune pg #ade good4 e whiche fortune is certeyne at it be eier rytful or profitable4 ,sidenote3 ,but let us put this opinion among those positions which thou saidst were not commonly believed by the people4 ,for soe is is a ful verray resoun #dagb quod ,i4 and yif ,i considere e purueaunce and e destine at ou tautest me a litel here byforne is sentence is susteyned by stedfast resouns4 but yif it like vnto e lat vs noumbre hem amonges ilke inges of #dagf whiche ou seidest a litel here byforne at ei ne were nat able to ben ywened to e poeple4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,why so8 whi so quod she4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,because it is a common expression that the fortune of such a one is bad4 for at e comune worde of men mysusi quod ,i4 is manere speche of fortune4 and sein ofte tymes at #dahj e fortune of som wyt is wicked4 ,linenotes3 #dafc ing--thinge #dafe outerly--al owtrely al--alle #daff-g alle----aspre--from ,c4 #dafi goode--good #dagd here byforne--her by-forn #dage stedfast--stydefast #dagf noumbre--nowmbren ilke--thilke #dagg here byforne--her by-forn #dagh ywened--weened #dagi worde--word ,headnote3 ,,punishment ,,is ,,beneficial4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,do you wish me to conform for awhile to the language of the people1 lest we should seem to depart too much from the popular mode of expression8 wilt ou an quod she at ,i proche a litel to e wordes of e poeple so it seme nat to hem at ,i be ouer moche departid as fro e vsage of man kynde4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,as you please4 as ou wolt quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,is everything profitable that is good8 ,demest #dahd ou nat quod she at al ing at profiti is good4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,yes1 certainly4 is quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,that which exercises or corrects is profitable8 certis ilk ing at exercisi or corigi profiti4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it is4 ,i confesse it wel quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,therefore it is good8 an is it good quod she4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,yes4 whi nat quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,this is the fortune of the virtuous who combat with adversity1 or of those who1 relinquishing vice1 pursue the path of virtue8 but is is e fortune quod she of #dahh hem at eier ben put in vertue and batailen aeins aspre inges4 or ellys of hem at eschewen and declinen fro vices and taken e weye of vertue4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,it is4 is ne may nat ,i denye quod ,i ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the vulgar regard that prosperity which is bestowed as a reward on the good to be beneficial1 and they believe those calamities by which the wicked are punished as the most miserable things that can be imagined4 ,but what seist ou of e myrye #daib fortune at is euen to good folk in gerdoun deuini out e poeples at it is wicked4 nay forsoe quod ,i4 but ei demen as it soe is at it is ryt good4 ,and what seist ou of at oer fortune quod she4 at al ou it #daif be aspre and restreini e shrewes by rytful tourment4 weni out e poeple at it be good4 nay quod ,i4 ,but e poeple demi at it be most wrecched of alle inges at may ben out4 ,sidenote3 ,but in following the popular opinion1 let us beware of being involved in some new and incredible consequence4 war now and loke wel quod she #dbjj lest at we in folwyng e opynioun of poeple haue confessed and concluded ing at is vnable to be wened to pg #adf e poeple4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,what is that8 what is at quod ,i ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,we have decided that the fortune of the virtuous or of those growing up in virtue must needs be good--but that the fortune of the wicked must be most wretched4 ,certys quod she it folwe or come of inges at ben graunted at alle #dbjd fortune what so euer it be4 of hem at eyer ben in possessioun of vertue4 or in the encres of vertu or ellys in e purchasynge of vertue4 at ilke fortune is good4 ,and at alle fortune is ryt wicked to hem at #dbjh dwellen in shrewednesse4 as who sei4 and us wene nat e poeple4 ,linenotes3 #dahj at--from ,c4 #daha wicked--wykkede #dahb proche--aproche #dahe al--alle #dahf ilk--thilke #dahh quod she--from ,c4 #daia weye--wey #daic deuini--demyth #daid out--awht #daie soe--soth #daih out--awht #daii be--is #dbjd come--comth #dbjf or----vertu from ,c4 #dbjh wicked--wykkede ,headnote3 ,,the ,,fortune ,,of ,,the ,,virtuous ,,is ,,good4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,that's true1 though none dare acknowledge it4 at is soe quod ,i4 ,al be it so at noman dar confessen it ne byknowen it4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,why so8 ,the wise man ought not to be cast down1 when he has to wage war with ,fortune1 no more than the valiant man ought to be dismayed on hearing the noise of the battle4 whi so quod she4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cc4 ,for ryt as no strong man ne seme nat to #dbab abassen or disdaignen as 99ofte tyme as he here e noise of e bataile4 ne also it ne seme nat to e wyse man to beren it greuously as ofte as he is lad in to e strif of fortune4 ,sidenote3 ,the dangers of war enable the one to acquire more glory1 and the difficulties of the other aid him to confirm and improve his wisdom4 for boe to at on man and eke to at oer #dbaf ilke difficulte is e matere to at oon man of encrese of his glorious renoun4 and to at oer man to conferme hys sapience4 at is to seine e asprenesse of hys estat4 ,sidenote3 ,thus virtue1 in its literal acceptation1 is a power that1 relying on its own strength1 overcomes all obstacles4 ,for erfore is it called uertue4 for at it susteni and #dbbj enforce by hys strenges at it nis nat ouer-comen by aduersites4 ,sidenote3 ,you1 who have made so much progress in virtue1 are not to be carried away by delights and bodily lusts4 ,ne certys ou at art put in e encrese or in e heyt of uertue ne hast nat comen to fleten wi delices and forto welken in bodyly lust4 ,sidenote3 ,you must engage in a fierce conflict with every fortune--with adversity1 lest it dismay you--with prosperity1 lest it corrupt you4 ou sowest #dbbd or plauntest a ful egre bataile in i corage aeins euery fortune4 for at e sorweful fortune ne confounde e nat4 ne at e myrye fortune ne corrumpe e nat4 ,sidenote3 ,seize the golden mean with all your strength4 ,all below or above this line is a contemptible and a thankless felicity4 ,occupy e mene by stedfast strenges4 for al at euer is vndir #dbbh e mene4 or ellys al at ouer-passe e mene despise welefulnesses4 ,as who sei4 it is vicious and ne ha no mede of hys trauaile4 ,sidenote3 ,the choice of fortune lies in your own hands1 but remember that even adverse fortune1 unless it exercises the virtues of the good or chastises the wicked1 is a punishment4 ,for it is set in oure hand4 as who sei it lie in oure power what fortune ow is #dbcb leuest4 at is to seyne good or yuel4 ,for alle fortune at seme sharpe or aspre yif it ne exercise nat e good pg #adg folk4 ne chastisi e wicked folk4 it punisse4 ,linenotes3 #dbaj soe--soth #dbaa confessen--confesse #dbab no strong--the stronge #dbac abassen--abayssen #dbae ofte--ofte #dbai seine--seyn #dbbc heyt--heyhte #dbbd welken--wellen #dbbf confounde--,,ms4 confounded1 ,c4 confownde #dbbg ,occupy--,ocupye #dbbh stedfast--stydefast #dbcj ha--,,ms4 hae #dbca set--,,ms4 sette1 ,c4 set #dbcb lie--lith #dbcc seyne--seyn #dbcd sharpe--sharp ,headnote3 ,,we ,,choose ,,our ,,own ,,fortune4 ,,bella ,,bis ,,quenis4 ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,atrides carried on a ten years' war to punish the licentious ,paris4 ,e wrekere attrides at is to seyne agamenon at #dbcf wroute and continuede e batailes by ten ere recouerede and purgede in wrekyng by e destruccioun of troie e loste chambres of mariage of hys broer is is to seyn at he agamenon wan aein ,eleine at #dbdj was ,menelaus wif his broer4 ,sidenote3 ,with blood he purchased propitious gales for the ,grecian fleet1 by casting off all fatherly pity1 and sacrificing his daughter ,iphigenia to the vengeance of ,diana4 ,in e mene while at ilke agamenon desirede to euen sailes to e grekysshe nauye and boute aein e wyndes by blode4 he vncloede hym of pite as fader4 and e sory prest #dbdd iue in sacrifiynge e wreched kuyttyng of rote of e douter4 at is to sein at agamenon lete kuytten e rote of hys douter by e prest4 to maken alliaunce wi hys goddes4 and for to haue wynde wi whiche he #dbdh myte wende to troie4 ,sidenote3 ,ulysses bewailed his lost mates1 devoured by ,polyphemus1 but1 having deprived the ,cyclop of his sight1 he rejoiced to hear the monster's roar4 ,itakus at is to sein vlixies bywepte hys felawes ylorn e whiche felawes e fierse pholifemus ligginge in his grete ,caue hadde freten and dreint in hys empty wombe4 but naeles #dbeb polifemus wood for his blinde visage eld to vlixies ioye by hys sorowful teres4 is is to seyn at vlixes smot oute e eye of poliphemus at stod in hys forhede4 ,linenotes3 #dbcf seyne--seyn #dbcg wroute--wrowhte continuede--continuede ere--er #dbch purgede--purgede #dbdj he--from ,c4 wan--,,ms4 wanne1 ,c4 wan #dbdb desirede--desirede #dbdc boute--bowhte blode--blod #dbdd vncloede--vnclothede as--of #dbde kuyttyng--,,ms4 knyttyng1 ,c4 kuttynge #dbdf lete--let kuytten--,,ms4 knytten1 ,c4 kuttyn #dbdh haue--han #dbdi myte wende--myhte wenden #dbej bywepte--by-wepte ylorn--,,ms4 ylorne1 ,c4 y-lorn #dbea fierse--feerse hadde--hadde #dbec eld--yald #dbed sorowful--sorwful smot--,,ms4 smote1 ,c4 smot #dbee oute--owt stod--,,ms4 stode1 ,c4 stood forhede--forehed ,headnote3 ,,the ,,labours ,,of ,,hercules4 for whiche vlixes hadde ioie whan he saw poliphemus #dbef wepyng and blynde4 ,sidenote3 ,hercules is renowned for his many labours1 so successfully overcome4 ,hercules is celebrable for hys harde trauaile ,sidenote3 ,he overthrew the proud ,centaurs2 he dawntede e proude ,centauris half hors half man4 ,sidenote3 he slew the ,nemean lion and wore his skin as a trophy of his victory2 and he rafte e despoylynge fro e cruel lyoun at is to seyne he slou e lyoun and pg #adh rafte hym hys skyn4 ,sidenote3 he smote the ,harpies with his arrows2 he smot e brids at hyten #dbfa arpijs in e palude of lyrne wi certeyne arwes4 ,sidenote3 he caried off the golden apples of the ,hesperides1 and killed the watchful dragon2 he rauyssede applis fro e wakyng dragoun4 and hys hand was e more heuy for e goldene #dbfd metal4 ,sidenote3 he bound ,cerberus with a threefold chain2 ,he drou ,cerberus e hound of helle by hys treble cheyne4 ,sidenote3 he gave the body of proud ,diomede as food for the tyrant's horses2 he ouer-comer as it is seid ha put an vnmeke lorde fodre to hys cruel hors is is to sein4 at hercules slou diomedes and made his hors #dbfh to etyn hym4 ,sidenote3 he slew the serpent ,hydra2 and he hercules slou ,idra e serpent and brende e venym4 ,sidenote3 he caused ,achelous to hide his blushing head within his banks2 and achelaus e flode defoulede in his forhede dreinte his shamefast visage in his strondes4 is is to sein at achelaus coue transfigure #dbgb hym self in to dyuerse lykenesse4 and as he faut wi orcules at e laste he turnide hym in to a bole and hercules brak of oon of hys hornes4 and achelaus for shame hidde hym in hys ryuer4 ,sidenote3 he left ,antus dead upon the ,lybian shore2 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cc b4 ,and he hercules #dbgf 99caste adoun ,antheus e geaunt in e strondes of libye4 ,sidenote3 he appeased ,evander's wrath by killing ,cacus2 and kacus apaisede e wraes of euander4 is is to sein at hercules slou e ,monstre kacus and apaisede wi at dee e wrae of euander4 ,sidenote3 he slew the ,erymanthean boar2 ,and #dbhj e bristlede boor markede wi scomes e sholdres of hercules4 e whiche sholdres e heye cercle of heuene sholde reste4 ,sidenote3 and bore the weight of ,atlas upon his shoulders4 and e laste of his labours was at he sustenede e heuene vpon his nekke vnbowed4 ,sidenote3 ,these labours justly raised him to the rank of a god4 and he #dbhd deseruede eftsones e heuene to ben e pris of his laste trauayle ,sidenote3 ,go then1 ye noble souls1 and follow the path of this great example4 ,go now an e stronge men ere as e heye weye of e grete ensample lede ou4 ,o nice men whi nake e oure bakkes4 as who sei4 ,sidenote3 ,o ye slothful ones1 wherefore do ye basely fly6 ,o e #dbhh slowe and delicat men whi fley e aduersites4 and ne pg #adi fyten nat aeins hem by vertue to wynnen e mede of e heuene4 ,sidenote3 ,he who conquers earth doth gain the heavens4 for e ere ouer-comen eue e sterres4 is is to seyne at whan at erely lust is ouer-comen4 #dbib a man is maked wori to e heuene4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,quartus4 ,linenotes3 #dbef saw--say #dbeh harde trauaile--harde trauayles dawntede--,,ms4 dawnded1 ,c4 dawntede #dbei half--,,ms4 hals rafte--byrafte fro--from #dbfj seyne--seyn #dbfa smot--,,ms4 smote1 ,c4 smot #dbfb in----lyrne--from ,c4 #dbfc rauyssede--rauysshede #dbff seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 sayd ha--,,ms4 hae #dbfg lorde--lord #dbfi etyn--freten #dbgj brende--brende flode defoulede--flood defowlede #dbga forhede dreinte--forhed dreynte #dbgc lykenesse--lyknesses #dbgd turnide--tornede #dbge brak--,,ms4 brake1 ,c4 brak hys--hise #dbgf he--from ,c4 #dbgh-hj apaisede--apaysede #dbha bristlede--brystelede markede--markede #dbhb cercle--clerke #dbhc reste--thriste #dbhe deseruede--deseruede #dbhf ,go--,,ms4 ,goe ere--ther #dbhg weye--way #dbhh nake--,,ms4 make1 ,c4 nake #dbhi slowe--,,ms4 slou1 ,c4 slowe fley--flee #dbib seyne--seyn ,headnote3 ,,the ,,existence ,,of ,,chance4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,quintus4 ,,dixerat ,,oracionisq,,ue ,,cursum4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste prose4 ,sidenote3 ,when ,philosophy had thus spoken1 and was about to discuss other matters ,i interrupted her4 ,she hadde seid and tournede e cours of hir resoun to somme oer inges to ben tretid and to ben ysped4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,thy exhortation is just and worthy of thy authority1 but thou saidst that the question of the ,divine ,superintendence or ,providence is involved with many others--and this ,i believe4 an seide ,i4 ,certys rytful is in amonestyng and ful #dbif digne by auctorite4 but at ou seidest som tyme at e questioun of e deuyne purueaunce is enlaced wi many oer questiouns4 ,i vndir-stonde wel and proue it by e same inge4 ,sidenote3 ,i am desirous1 however1 of knowing whether there be such a thing as ,chance1 and what thou thinkest it is4 but ,i axe yif at ou wenest at hap #dcjj be any ing in any weys4 and if ou wenest at hap be any thing what is it4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i hasten to fulfil my promise and to show the road to your own country4 an quod she4 ,i haste me to elden and assoilen e to e dette of my byheste and to shewen and opnen e wey by whiche wey ou maist #dcjd come aein to i contre4 ,sidenote3 ,but although these things you question me about are profitable to know1 yet they lead us a little out of our way4 but al be it so at e inges whiche at ou axest ben ryt profitable to knowe4 itte ben ei diuers somwhat fro e pae of my purpos4 ,sidenote3 ,and by straying from the path you may be too fatigued to return to the right road4 ,and it is to douten at ou ne be maked weery by #dcjh mysweys so at ou ne mayst nat suffise to mesuren e ryt weye4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,don't be afraid of that1 for it will refresh me as much as rest to know these things in which ,i am delightfully interested4 ,ne doute e er-of no ing quod ,i4 for forto knowen ilke inges to-gidre in e whiche inges ,i delite me gretly4 at shal ben to me in stede of reste4 #dcab ,syn it nis nat to douten of e inges folwynge whan euery side of i disputisoun shal be stedfast to me by vndoutous fei4 an seide she4 at manere wol ,i don e4 and bygan to speken ryt us pg #aej ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,i will then comply with thy requests4 ,certys quod she #dcaf yif any wyt diffinisse hap in is manere4 at is to seyn4 ,linenotes3 #dbid seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd e--by #dbig som tyme--whilom #dbih e 7#b7--thy #dcjj inge--thing #dcjb thing--from ,c4 #dcjc elden--yilden assoilen--,,ms4 assailen1 ,c4 assoylen byheste--byhest #dcjd-f whiche--which #dcjf ben--,,ms4 bene #dcjg pae--paath #dcab stede--styde #dcad disputisoun--disputacioun be--han ben stedfast--stydefast #dcag seyn--seyng ,headnote3 ,,definition ,,of ,,chance4 ,sidenote3 ,if we define ,chance to be an event produced by an unintelligent motion1 and not by a chain or connection of causes1 ,i should then affirm that ,chance is nothing and an empty sound4 at hap is bytidynge y-brout fore by foelyshe moeuynge4 and by no knyttyng of causes4 ,i conferme at hap nis ryt naut in no wise4 and ,i deme al #dcbj outerly at hap nis ne dwelli but a voys4 ,as who sei4 but an ydel worde wi outen any significacioun of ing summittid to at vois4 ,sidenote3 ,what room is there for folly and disorder where all things are restrained by order1 through the ordinance of ,god8 for what place myte ben left or dwellynge to folie and to disordinaunce4 syn at #dcbd god ledi and streyni alle inges by ordre4 ,sidenote3 ,for it is a great truth that nothing can spring out of nothing4 ,for is sentence is verray and soe at no inge ne ha his beynge of nout4 to the whiche sentence none of ise olde folk ne wiseide neuere al be it so at ei ne #dcbh vndirstoden ne moeueden it naut by god prince and gynner of wirkyng4 but ei casten as a manere foundement of subgit material4 at is to seyn of the nature of alle resoun4 ,sidenote3 ,now1 if anything arises without the operation of a cause1 it proceeds from nothing4 and if at ony inge is woxen or comen #dccb of no causes4 an shal it seme at ilke inge is comen or woxen of nout4 ,sidenote3 ,but if this is impossible1 then there can be no such a thing as ,chance1 as we have defined it4 but yif is ne may nat ben don4 an is it nat possible at ere ha ben any swiche ing as ,i haue diffinissid a litel here byforne4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,is there nothing1 then1 that may be called ,chance or ,fortune8 ,how shal #dccf it an ben quod ,i4 nis er an no ing at by ryt may be cleped eyer happe or ellis auenture of fortune4 ,sidenote3 ,is there nothing 7hid from the vulgar7 to which these words may be applied8 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cd4 or is er out al 99be it so at it is hidd fro e poeple to whiche ise wordes ben couenable4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,aristotle defines this matter with much precision and probability4 ,myn aristotul quod #dcdj she4 in e book of his phisik diffinisse is ing by short resoun and neye to e soe4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,how8 ,in whiche manere quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,so often as a man does anything for the sake of any other thing1 and another thing than what he intended to do is produced by other causes1 that thing so produced is called ,chance4 ,as ofte quod she as men don any ing for grace of any oer ing4 and an oer inge an ilke #dcdd ing at men ententen to doon bytide by some causes it is ycleped happe4 ,sidenote3 ,as if a man trench the ground for tillage and find gold1 then this is believed to happen by chance1 although it is not so4 ,ryt as a man dalf e ere by cause of tylienge of e felde4 and fond ere a gobet of pg #aea golde by-doluen4 an wenen folk at it is fallen by fortunous #dcdh bytydyng4 but for soe it nis nat for naut for it ha hys propre causes of whiche causes e cours vnforseyn and vnwar semi to han maked happe4 ,sidenote3 ,for if the tiller had not ploughed the field1 and if the hider of the gold had not concealed it in that spot1 the gold had not been found4 ,for yif e tilier in e ere ne delue nat in e felde4 and yif #dceb e hider of e golde ne hadde hidd e golde in ilke place4 e golde ne hadde nat ben founde4 ,sidenote3 ,these1 then1 are the causes of a fortuitous acquisition which proceeds from a conflux of encountering causes1 and not from the intention of the doer4 ise ben an e causes of e abreggynge of fortune hap4 e whiche abreggynge of fortune hap come of causes encountrynge #dcef and flowyng to-gidre to hem selfe4 and nat by e entencioun of e doer4 ,sidenote3 ,for neither the hider of the gold nor the husbandman intended or understood that the gold should be found4 ,for neier e hider of e gold4 ne e deluer of e felde ne vndirstanden nat at e golde sholde han be founde4 but as ,i seide4 ,sidenote3 ,but it happened by the concurrence of these two causes that the one did dig where the other had hidden the money4 it bytidde #dcfj and ran to-gidre at he dalf ere as at oer hadde hidd e golde4 ,sidenote3 ,chance1 then1 is an unexpected event1 by a concurrence of causes1 following an action designed for a particular purpose4 ,now may ,i us diffinissen happe4 ,happe is an vnwar bytydyng of causes assembled in inges at ben don for som oer inge4 but ilke ordre procedynge #dcfd by an vneschewable byndynge to-gidre4 ,sidenote3 ,this concurrence of causes proceeds from that order which flows from the fountain of ,providence and disposes all things as to place and time4 whiche at descende fro e wel of purueaunce at ordeine alle inges in hire places and in hire tymes make at e causes rennen and assemblen to-gidre4 #dcfh ,linenotes3 #dcah fore--forth #dcbb worde--word #dcbc myte--myhte #dcbd left--lefte #dcbe streyni--constreynyth #dcbf soe--soth no inge--nothing ha--,,ms4 hae #dcbg the--from ,c4 #dccj gynner--bygynnere #dcca the--from ,c4 #dccb if--,,ms4 it1 ,c4 yif inge--thing #dcce at----ben--at hap be ha--,,ms4 hae swiche--swych #dcch happe--hap #dcci hidd--,,ms4 hidde1 ,c4 hidd #dcdj whiche--which #dcdb neye--nehg whiche--which #dcdc don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 don #dcdd inge--thing #dcde some--some #dcdf happe--hap #dcdg of 7#a7--to fond--,,ms4 fonde1 ,c4 fownde #dcdh golde--gold fallen--byfalle #dcdi for 7#b7--of #dcej ha--,,ms4 hae hys--hise #dcea happe--hap #dceb tilier--tylyere delue--dolue #dcec hider--hydere golde--gold hidd--,,ms4 hidde #dcec-d golde--gold #dced hadde--hadde #dcee fortune--fortuit whiche--which #dcef fortune--fortuit come--comth #dceg flowyng--,,ms4 folwyng1 ,c4 flowynge selfe--self #dceh doer--doere hider--hidere #dcei deluer--deluere felde--feeld vndirstanden--vndirstoden #dcfj golde--gold #dcfa hidd--,,ms4 hidde1 ,c4 hyd #dcfb happe 7both7--hap #dcfe whiche--which #dcff descende--,,ms4 defende1 ,c4 descendith wel--welle ,,rupis ,,achemenie4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,where the flying ,parthian doth pierce his pursuers with his shafts1 there from the ,achemenian heights flow the ,tigris and ,euphrates1 but soon their streams divide and flow into separate channels4 ,t,igris and eufrates resoluen and spryngen of a welle in e kragges of e roche of e contre of achemenye ere as e fleenge batayle ficchi hire dartes retournid in e brestes of hem at folwen hem4 ,and sone aftre #dcgb e same ryueres tigris and eufrates vnioygnen and departen hire watres4 pg #aeb ,sidenote3 ,but should they unite again1 in the impetuous stream1 boats1 ships1 and trees would be all intermingled1 whirled about2 and blind ,chance seems to direct the current's course4 and yif ei comen to-gidre and ben assembled and clepid to-gidre in to o cours4 an moten ilke inges fletyn to-gidre whiche at e water of e #dcgf entrechaungyng flode brynge e shippes and e stokkes araced wi e flood moten assemble4 and e watres ymedlyd wrappi or implie many fortunel happes or maneres4 ,sidenote3 ,but the sloping earth1 the laws of fluids1 govern these things4 e whiche wandryng happes naeles ilke enclinyng #dchj lowenes of e ere4 and e flowynge ordre of e slidyng water gouerni4 ,sidenote3 ,so though ,chance seems to wander unrestrained1 it is nevertheless curbed and restrained by ,divine ,providence4 ,ryt so fortune at seme as at it fleti wi slaked or vngouernede bridles4 ,it suffri bridles at is to seyn to ben gouerned #dchd and passe by ilke lawe4 at is to sein by e deuyne ordinaunce4 ,linenotes3 #dcfi and--from ,c4 a--oo #dcga batayle--from ,c4 #dcgc e--tho #dcgd to-gidre--to-gyderes #dcgf whiche--which #dcgg flode--flod #dcgh assemble--assemblyn #dchj enclinyng--declynynge #dcha lowenes--lownesse #dchc at--from ,c4 vngouernede--vngouernede #dche e--thilke ,headnote3 ,,on ,,free ,,will4 ,a,n,i,m,,aduerto ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#b;de4 prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,is there any free-will in this chain of cohering causes8 is vndirstonde ,i wel quod ,i4 and accorde wel at it is ryt as ou seist4 but ,i axe yif er be any liberte #dchh or fre wil in is ordre of causes at cliuen us to-gidre in hem self4 ,sidenote3 ,or doth the chain of destiny constrain the motions of the human mind8 or ellys ,i wolde witen yif at e destinal cheine constreini e moeueuynge of e corages of men4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,there is a freedom of the will possessed by every rational being4 yis quod she er is liberte of fre wille4 ne er #dcib ne was neuer no nature of resoun at it ne hadde liberte of fre wille4 ,sidenote3 ,a rational being has judgment to judge of and discern everything4 ,for euery ing at may naturely vsen resoun4 it ha doom by whiche it discerni and demi euery ing4 ,sidenote3 ,of himself he knows what he is to avoid or to desire4 ,he seeks what he judges desirable1 and he shuns what he deems should be avoided4 an knowe it by it self inges at ben #dcif to fleen4 and inges at ben to desiren4 and ilk ing at any wyt deme to ben desired at axe or desire he and flee thilke ing at he troue ben to fleen4 ,linenotes3 #dchi or--of #dcij hem--hym #dcib yis--,,ms4 yif1 ,c4 yis #dcib-id wille--wil #dcie whiche--which #dcig ilk--thilke #dcii thilke--from ,c4 ,headnote3 ,,providence ,,sees ,,all ,,things4 ,sidenote3 ,a rational being possesses1 then1 the liberty of choosing and rejecting4 wher-fore in alle inges at resoun is4 in hem also is #ddjj libertee of willyng and of nillynge4 ,sidenote3 ,this liberty is not equal in all beings4 ,but ,i ne ordeyne nat4 as who sei4 ,i ne graunte nat at is libertee be euene like in alle inges4 ,sidenote3 ,in heavenly substances1 as spirits1 c41 judgment is clear1 and the will is incorruptible1 and has a ready and efficacious power of doing things which are desired4 forwhi in e souereyns deuynes substaunces4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cd b4 at is to 99seyn in spirit ,iugement is #ddjd more clere and wil nat be corumped4 and ha myt pg #aec redy to speden inges at ben desired4 ,sidenote3 ,the souls of men must needs be more free when employed in the contemplation of the ,divine ,mind1 and less so when they enter into a body1 and still less free when enclosed and confined in earthly members2 but the most extreme servitude is when they are given over to vice and wholly fallen from their proper reason4 ,but e soules of men moten nedes ben more free whan ei loken hem in e speculacioun or lokynge of e deuyne out4 and #ddjh lasse free whan ei sliden in to e bodies4 and it lasse free whan ei ben gadred to-gidre and comprehendid in erely membris4 but e laste seruage is whan at ei ben euen to vices4 and han yfalle fro e possessioun of #ddab hire propre resoun ,sidenote3 ,for at once they are enveloped by the cloud of ignorance and are troubled by pernicious desires1 by yielding to which they aid and increase that slavery which they brought upon themselves1 and thus even under the liberty proper to them1 they remain captives4 ,for after at ei han cast aweye hir eyen fro e lyt of e souereyn soefastnesse to lowe inges and dirke ,anon ei dirken by e cloude of ignoraunce and ben troubled by felonous talent4 to e #ddaf whiche talent whan ei approchen and assenten4 ei hepen and encresen e seruage whiche ei han ioigned to hem self4 and in is manere ei ben caitifs fro hire propre libertee4 ,sidenote3 ,yet the eye of ,providence1 beholding all things from eternity1 sees all this and disposes according to their merit all things as they are predestinated4 e whiche inges naeles e lokynge of #ddbj e deuyne purueaunce see at alle inges byholde and see fro eterne4 and ordeyne hem eueryche in her merites4 as ei ben prodestinat4 ,sidenote3 ,he1 as ,homer says of the sun1 sees and hears all things4 and it is seid in grek4 at alle inges he see and alle inges he here4 #ddbd ,linenotes3 #ddje ha--,,ms4 hae #ddaa laste--laste #ddab fro--from #ddae cloude--clowdes #ddah whiche--which #ddbc seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd ,,puro ,,claru,m ,,lumine4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#b;de4 ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,the sweet-tongued ,homer sings of the sun's pure light4 ,yet the sun's beams cannot pierce into the inner bowels of the earth1 nor into the depths of the sea4 ,h,omer wi e hony moue4 at is to seyn4 homer wi e swete dites synge at e sonne is cleer by pure lyt4 naeles it ne may it nat by e inferme lyt of hys bemes breken or percen e inwarde entrailes of #ddbh e ere4 or ellys of e see4 ,sidenote3 ,but ,god1 the world's maker1 beholding from on high1 has his vision impeded neither by earth nor cloud4 so ne see nat god makere of e grete worlde to hym at loke alle inges from on heye ne wistandi nat no inges by heuynesses of ere4 ne e nyt ne wistonde nat to hym by e blake #ddcb cloudes4 ,sidenote3 ,at a glance he sees all events1 present1 past1 and future4 ilke god see in o strook of out alle inges at ben or weren or schullen come4 ,sidenote3 ,god1 then1 that alone sees all things1 may indeed be called the true ,sun4 and ilke god for he loke and see alle inges al oon4 ou maist pg #aed seyn at he is e verray sonne4 #ddcf ,linenotes3 #ddbe moue--,mowth #ddbh percen--,,ms4 perten1 ,c4 percen inwarde--inward #ddcj worlde--world on heye--an hegh #ddca nat--omitted #ddcd schullen come--shollen comyn #ddce al oon--alone ,headnote3 ,,god',s ,,foreknowledge ,,and ,,man',s ,,free ,,will4 ,,tamen ,,ego ,,en ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#c;de4 prose4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,i am distracted by a more difficult doubt than ever4 ,an seide ,i now am ,i confounded by a more harde doute an ,i was4 what doute is at quod she4 ,for certys ,i coniecte now by whiche inges ou art troubled4 ,sidenote3 ,god's foreknowledge seems to me inconsistent with man's free-will4 ,it seme quod ,i to repugnen and to contrarien #dddj gretly at god knowe byforn alle inges4 and at er is any fredom of liberte4 ,sidenote3 ,for if ,god foresees all things1 and cannot be deceived1 then that which ,providence hath foreseen must needs happen4 for yif so be at god loke alle inges byforn4 ne god ne may nat ben desseiuid in no manere4 an mot it nedes ben at alle #dddd inges bytyden e whiche at e purueaunce of god ha sein byforn to comen4 ,sidenote3 ,if ,god from eternity doth foreknow not only the works1 but the designs and wills of men1 there can be no liberty of will--nor can there be any other action or will than that which a ,divine and infallible ,providence hath foreseen4 ,for whiche yif at god knowe by-forn nat oonly e werkes of men4 but also hir conseils and hir willes4 an ne shal er be no #dddh liberte of arbitre4 ne certys er ne may ben noon oer dede ne no wille but ilke whiche e deuyne purueaunce at ne may nat ben desseiued ha feled byforn ,sidenote3 ,for if things fall out contrary to such foreseeing1 and are wrested another way1 the prescience of ,god in regard to futurity would not be sure and unerring--it would be nothing but an uncertain opinion of them3 but ,i take it to be impious and unlawful to believe this of ,god4 ,for yif at ei myten wryen awey in oer manere an ei #ddeb ben purueyed4 an ne sholde er ben no stedfast prescience of inge to comen but raer an vncerteyn oppinioun4 e whiche inge to trowen on god ,i deme it felonie and vnleueful4 ,sidenote3 ,nor do ,i approve of the reasoning made use of by some4 ,for they say that a thing is not necessarily to happen because ,god hath foreseen it1 but rather because it is to happen it cannot be hid from the divine ,providence4 ,ne ,i ne proeue nat ilk #ddef same resoun4 as who sei ,i ne allowe nat4 or ,i ne preise nat ilke same resoun by whiche at som men wenen at ei mowen assoilen and vnknytten e knot of is questioun4 ,for certys ei seyn at ing nis nat to #ddfj come for at e purueaunce of god ha seyn it byforne4 at is to comen but raer e contrarie4 ,and at is is at for at e ing is to comen at erfore ne may it nat ben hyd fro e purueaunce of god4 #ddfd ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ce4 ,sidenote3 ,now by this reason necessity appears to change sides4 ,for it is not necessary that the things which are foreseen should happen1 but it is necessary that the things which are to befall should be foreseen4 99and in is manere is necessite slydi aein in to e pg #aee contrarie partie4 ne it ne byhoue nat nedes at inges bytiden at ben ypurueid4 but it by-houeth nedes _/ at thinges at ben to comyn ben yporueyid but as it #ddfh were ytrauailed4 ,sidenote3 ,as if the question was1 which was the cause of the other--prescience the cause of the necessity of future events1 or the necessity the cause of the prescience of future events8 as who sei4 at ilke answere procedi ryt as ou men trauailden or weren bysy to enqueren e whiche ing is cause of whiche inges4 as wheer e prescience is cause of e necessite of inges to #ddgb comen4 or ellys at e necessite of inges to comen is cause of e purueaunce4 ,sidenote3 ,but ,i will prove that1 however the order of causes may stand1 the event of things foreseen is necessary1 although prescience doth not seem to impose a necessity upon future things to fall out4 ,but ,i ne enforce me nat now to shewen it at e bytidyng of inges y-wist byforn is necessarie4 how so or in what manere at e ordre of #ddgf causes ha it self4 al ou at it ne seme nat at e prescience brynge in necessite of bytydynge of inges to comen4 ,sidenote3 ,for if a man sit--the belief in the sitting is true2 and1 on the other hand1 if the opinion is true of his sitting1 he must needs sit4 ,for certys yif at any wyt sitte it byhoue by necessite at e oppinioun be soe of hym #ddhj at coniecti at he sitte4 and aeinward4 al so is it of e contrarie4 yif e oppinioun be soe of any wyt for at he sitte it byhoue by necessite at he sitte ,sidenote3 ,in both cases there is a necessity--in the latter that the person sits--in the former1 that the opinion concerning the other is true4 an is here necessite in at oon and in at oer4 for in at #ddhd oon is necessite of sittynge4 ,sidenote3 ,but the man does not sit because the opinion of his sitting is true1 but the opinion is true because the action of his being seated was antecedent in time4 and certys in at oer is necessite of soe but erfore ne sitte nat a wyt for at e oppinioun of sittyng is soe4 but e oppinioun is raer soe for at a wyt sitte by-forn4 ,sidenote3 ,so that although the cause of truth arises from the sitting1 there is a common necessity in both4 and us al #ddhh ou at e cause of soe come of e syttyng4 and nat of e trewe oppinioun4 ,algates itte is er comune necessite in at oon and in at oer4 ,sidenote3 ,thus may we reason concerning ,providence and future events4 us shewe it at ,i may make semblable skils of e purueaunce of god #ddib and of inges to come4 ,sidenote3 ,for allowing things are foreseen because they are to happen1 and that they do not befall because they are foreseen1 it is necessary that future events should be foreseen of ,god1 or if foreseen that they should happen2 and this alone is sufficient to destroy all idea of free-will4 ,for al ou for at at inges ben to comen4 er-fore ben ei purueid4 nat certys for ei ben purueid4 er-fore ne bytide ei nat4 it naeles byhoue it by necessite at eier e inges to comen #ddif ben ypurueied of god4 or ellys at e inges at ben purueied of god bitiden 4s4 by necessite4 ,and is pg #aef ing oonly suffise ,i-nou to distroien e fredome of oure arbitre4 at is to seyn of oure fre wille ,sidenote3 ,but it is preposterous to make the happening of temporal things the cause of eternal prescience1 which we do in imagining that ,god foresees future events because they are to happen4 ,but now #dejj certes shewe it wel how fer fro e soe and how vp so doun is is ing at we seyn at e bytidinge of temporel inges is e cause of e eterne prescience4 ,but forto wenen at god puruei the inges to comen4 #dejd for ei ben to comen4 what oer ing is it but forto wene at ilke inges at bitiden som tyme ben causes of ilke souereyne purueaunce at is in god4 ,sidenote3 ,and1 moreover1 when ,i know that anything exists1 it is necessary for my belief that it should be4 ,and her-to ,i adde itte is ing at ryt as whan at ,i woot #dejh at o ing is it byhoue by necessite at ilke self ing be4 ,sidenote3 ,so also when ,i know that an event shall come to pass1 it must needs happen4 and eke at whan ,i haue knowe at any inge shal bitiden so byhoue it by necessite at ilke same ing bytide4 ,sidenote3 ,the event1 therefore1 of a thing foreseen must befall4 so folwe it an at e bytydynge of e #deab inge ,iwist by-forn ne may nat ben eschewed4 ,sidenote3 ,lastly1 if a person judge a thing to be different to what it is--this is not knowledge1 but a false opinion of it1 and far from the true knowledge4 ,and at e laste yif at any wyt wene a ing to ben oer weyes an it is4 it nys nat oonly vnscience4 but it is deceiuable oppinioun ful diuerse and fer fro e soe of #deaf science4 ,linenotes3 #ddcg harde--hard #ddde ha--,,ms4 hae #dddf whiche--which #ddej wille--wil whiche--which at #ddea ha--,,ms4 hae #ddec stedfast--stydefast #dded-ee inge--thing #ddee on--of #ddef ilk--thilke #ddeh whiche--which #ddei knot--knotte #ddfa come--comyn ha--,,ms4 hae #ddfd hyd--,,ms4 hydde1 ,c4 hidde #ddff nat--from ,c4 #ddfg-h but----yporueyid--from ,c4 #ddga inges--thing #ddgg ha--,,ms4 hae #ddhj-hb soe--soth #ddhf soe--sooth #ddhg soe--soth #ddhh soe--sooth #ddhi soe come--sooth comth e--from ,c4 #ddij comune--,,ms4 comme1 ,c4 comune #ddic come--comyn #ddid to--omitted #ddid-ie purueid--,,ms4 purueide1 ,c4 purueyid #ddih 4s4--from ,c4 #ddii fredome--freedom #dejj wille--wil #deja certes--from ,c4 #dejd puruei--,,ms4 purueie the--from ,c4 #dejf bitiden--bytydden som tyme--whilom #deji o--a self--selue #deaj inge--thing #deaa ilke--thilke #deac inge--thing #dead laste--laste #deae nys--is ,headnote3 ,,freedom ,,of ,,the ,,human ,,will4 ,sidenote3 ,if1 therefore1 a thing be so to happen that the event of it is neither necessary nor certain1 how can any one foresee what is to happen8 wher-fore yif any ing be so to comen so at e bytydynge of it ne be nat certeyne ne necessarie4 who may weten byforn at ilke ing is to come4 ,sidenote3 ,for as pure knowledge has no element in it of falsehood1 so what is comprehended by true knowledge cannot be otherwise than as comprehended4 ,for ryt as science ne may nat be medelyd wi falsnesse4 #debj as who sei at yif ,i woot a ing4 it ne may nat be fals at ,i ne woot it4 ,ryt so ilk ing at is conceyued by science ne may nat ben noon oer weyes an as it is conceiued4 ,sidenote3 ,hence it is that true knowledge cannot err1 because everything must precisely be what true knowledge perceives it to be4 ,for at is e cause #debd whi at science wanti lesynge4 as who sei4 whi at witynge ne receyue nat lesynge of at it woot4 ,for it byhoue by necessite at euery inge be ryt as science comprehendi it to be4 ,sidenote3 ,what follows1 then8 ,how does ,god foreknow these uncertain contingencies8 what shal ,i an sein4 ,in #debh whiche manere knowe god byforn e inges to comen4 yif ei ne be nat certeyne4 pg #aeg ,sidenote3 ,for if he thinks that a thing will inevitably happen1 which possibly may not1 he is deceived--but this is sheer blasphemy4 ,for yif at he deme at ei ben to comen vneschewably4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ce b4 and so may be at it is possible at ei ne shullen 99nat comen4 god is #decb desseiued4 but nat only to trowen at god is desseiued4 but for to speke it wi moue it is a felonous synne4 ,sidenote3 ,but if ,god discerns that just as things are to come they shall come2 if he knows that they may or may not come1 what sort of prescience is this1 which comprehends nothing certain1 nothing invariable8 ,but yif at god woot at ryt so as inges ben to comen4 so shulle ei comen4 so at he wite egaly4 as #decf who sei indifferently at inges mowen ben don or ellys nat don4 what is ilke prescience at ne comprehendi no certeyne inge ne stable4 ,sidenote3 ,or how does divine prescience differ from human opinion1 if ,he hath an uncertain judgment of things1 whereof the events are uncertain and unfixed8 or ellys what difference is er bytwixe e prescience4 and ilke iape-wori #dedj dyuynynge of ,tiresie e diuinour at seide4 ,al at ,i seie quod he eyer it shal be4 or ellys it ne shal nat be4 ,or ellis how moche is wore e diuyne prescience more an e oppinioun of mankynde yif so be at it #dedd deme e inges vncerteyne as men don4 of e whiche domes of men e bytydynge nis nat certeyne4 ,sidenote3 ,but if there can be no uncertainty in his knowledge1 who is the source of all certainty2 the event of all things which he foreknows must be fixed and inevitable4 ,but yif so be at noon vncerteyne inge may ben in hym at is ryt certeyne welle of alle inges4 an is e #dedh bytydynge certeyne of ilke inges whiche he ha wist byforn fermely to comen4 ,sidenote3 ,whence it follows that men have no freedom in their designs and actions2 because the ,divine ,mind1 endowed with an infallible foresight1 constrains and binds them to a certain event4 ,for whiche it folwe at e fredom of e conseils and of e werkes of mankynde nis non syn at e out of god see alle inges with outen #deeb errour of falsnesse bynde and constreini hem to a bitidynge by necessite4 and yif this ing be on-is grauntid and receyued4 at is to seyn4 at er nis no fre wille4 an shewe it wel how gret distruccioun and #deef how grete damages er folwen of inges of mankynde4 ,linenotes3 #deah it--hit #deai byforn--from ,c4 #debb fals--false #debc nat--from ,c4 ben--,,ms4 by1 ,c4 ben #debd an as it is--,,ms4 an it is be #debg be--from ,c4 #debi whiche--which #decd moue--,mowth #decf shulle--shullyn wite--wite #dech don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 y-doon #dedc moche--mochel wore--worth #dedi ha--,,ms4 hae #deej whiche--which #deea mankynde--man-kynd #deed this--from ,c4 #deee grauntid--ygraunted ,headnote3 ,,fate ,,under ,,the ,,control ,,of ,,providence4 ,for in ydel ben er an purposed and byhyt medes of goode folk4 and peynes to badde folk4 syn at no moeuynge of free corage uoluntarie ne ha nat deserued #defj hem4 at is to seyn neier mede nor peyne4 ,sidenote3 ,rewards and punishments now deemed just and equitable1 will be considered most unjust1 when1 it is allowed1 that mankind are not prompted by any will of their own1 to either virtue or vice1 but in all their actions are impelled by a fatal necessity4 ,and it sholde seme an at ilke inge is aler worste whiche at is nowe demed4 for aler moste iuste and moste pg #aeh rytful4 at is to seyn at shrewes ben punyssed4 or #defd ellys at goode folk ben ygerdoned4 e whiche folk syn at e propre wille ne sent hem nat to at oon ne to at oer4 at is to seyn4 neer to goode ne to harme4 but constreine hem certeyne necessite of inges #defh to comen4 ,sidenote3 ,nor would there be such things as virtue or vice1 but such a medley of the one and the other as would be productive of the greatest confusion4 anne ne shollen er neuer ben ne neuer weren vice ne vertue4 but it sholde raer ben confusioun of alle desertes medlid wioute discresioun4 ,and itte er folwe an oer inconuenient of e whiche er #degb ne may ben out ne more felonous ne more wikke4 ,sidenote3 ,and from this it will follow--that since all order comes of ,divine ,providence1 and that there is no freedom of the human will1 that also our vices must be referred to the author of all good--which is a most impious opinion4 and at is is at so as e ordre of inges is yledd and come of e purueaunce of god4 ne at no ing nis leueful to e conseils of mankynde4 as who sei at #degf men han no power to done no ing4 ne wilne no ing4 an folwe it at oure vices ben refferred to e makere of alle good4 as who sei an folwe it4 at god aute han e blame of oure vices4 syn he constreini by #dehj necessite to don vices4 ,sidenote3 ,then is it useless to hope for anything from ,god1 or to pray to him4 an nis er no resoun to han hopen in god4 ne forto preien to god4 ,sidenote3 ,for why should men do either1 when all they can desire is irreversibly predestined8 ,for what sholde any wyt hopen to god4 or whi sholde he preien to god4 syn at e ordenaunce of destine whiche at ne #dehd may nat ben enclined4 knytte and streini alle inges at men may desiren4 ,sidenote3 ,hope and prayer being thus ineffectual1 all intercourse is cut off between ,god and man4 an sholde ere be don awey ilke oonly alliaunce bytwixen god and men4 at is to seien to hopen and to preien4 ,sidenote3 ,by reverent and humble supplication we earn divine grace1 a most inestimable favour1 and are able to associate with the ,deity1 and to unite ourselves to the inaccessible light4 but by e preis of rytfulnesse #dehh and of veray mekenesse we deserue e gerdoun of e deuyne grace whiche at is inestimable4 at is to sein at it is so grete at it ne may nat ben ful ypreised4 and is is oonly e manere4 at is to seyen hope and #deib prayeres4 for whiche it seme at men mowen speken wi god4 and by resoun of supplicacioun ben conioigned pg #aei to ilk clernesse at nis nat approched no raer or at men byseken it and emprenten it4 ,sidenote3 ,if men believe that hope and prayer have no power because of the necessity of future events1 by what other way can we be united1 and hold fast to the sovereign ,lord of all things8 ,and yif men #deif ne wene nat at hope ne preiers ne han no strenges4 by e necessite of inges to comen y-resceiued4 what ing is er an by whiche we mowen be conioygned and clyuen to ilke souereyne prince of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,wherefore mankind must be dissevered and disunited from the source of its existence1 and shrink from its beginning4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cf4 ,for #dfjj whiche it byhoue by necessite at e lynage of mankynde as 99ou songe a litel here byforne ben departed and vnioyned from hys welle and faylen of hys bygynnynge4 at is to seien god4 #dfjd ,linenotes3 #deeh medes of--,meedes to #defj ha--,,ms4 hae #defb aler worste whiche--alderworst which #defc nowe--,,ms4 newe1 ,c4 now aler moste iuste--alder moost ,iust moste--most #defe-fg goode--goode #deff wille--wil ne--from ,c4 #dega wioute--with-owten #degc out--thoght #degd yledd--,,ms4 yledde1 ,c4 yled #dege come--comth #degg done--doon #degh makere--makere #degi aute--owhte #dehd whiche--which #dehh preis--prys rytfulnesse--,rihtwessenesse #dehi deserue--desseruyn #deij deuyne--,,ms4 deuynes1 ,c4 dyuyne #deij-ic whiche--which #deia grete--gret #deic men--from ,c4 speken--speke #deie ilk--thilke #deif emprenten--impetrent #deig nat--from ,c4 hope--from ,c4 #dfja whiche--which #dfjb byforne--by-forn ,headnote3 ,,the ,,unknown ,,cannot ,,be ,,desired4 ,,que ,,nam ,,discors ,sidenote3 ,the 4#c;de4 ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,say what discordant cause looses the bonds of things8 ,what discordable cause ha to-rent and vnioigned e byndyng or e alliaunce of inges4 at is to seyne e coniunccioun of god and of man4 ,sidenote3 ,what power doth make these two great truths 7i4 e4 ,providence and ,free-will7 contend1 which when separate are plain and clear1 but united appear dark and perplexed8 whiche god ha establissed so grete bataile bitwixen ise two soefast #dfjh or verray inges4 at is to sein bytwixen e purueaunce of god and fre wille4 at ei ben synguler and diuided4 ne at ei ne wolen nat ben medeled ne coupled to-gidre4 but er nis no discorde to tho verray #dfab inges4 but ei cleuen certeyne al wey to hem self4 ,sidenote3 ,the mind of man encumbered by the earthly body1 can never1 with her cloudy sight1 discover the subtle and close bonds of things4 but e out of man confounded and ouerrowen by e dirke membris of e body ne may nat by fir of his dirked lokynge4 at is to seyn by e vigour of hys insyt while #dfaf e soule is in e body knowen e inne subtil knyttynges of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,but why does man burn with ardour to learn the hidden notes of truth8 ,but wherfore eschaufi it so by so grete loue to fynden ilke notes of soe y-couered4 7glosa7 at is to sein wherfore eschaufi e out of man by so #dfbj grete desir to knowen ilke notificaciouns at ben yhidd vndir e couertours of soe4 ,sidenote3 ,why gropes he for he knows not what8 ,none seek to know what is known4 woot it out ilke inges at it anguissous desire to knowe4 as who sei nay4 pg #afj ,for no man ne trauaile forto witen inges at he woot4 #dfbd and erfore e texte sei us4 ,glosa ,si enim anima ignorat istas subtiles connexiones4 responde4 vnde est quod desiderat scire cum nil ignotum possit desiderare4 ,but who trauaile to wyten inges y-knowe4 ,sidenote3 ,if he knows them not1 what does he so blindly seek8 and yif #dfbh at he ne knowe hem nat4 what seki ilke blynde out4 ,sidenote3 ,who wishes for things he hath never known8 what is he at desire any inge of whiche he woot ryt nat4 as who sei who so desiri any ing nedis som what he knowe of it4 or ellys he ne coue #dfcb nat desire it4 or who may folwen inges at ne ben nat ywist ,sidenote3 ,or if he seek1 where shall he find them8 ,or if he find1 how shall he be sure that he has found what he sought for8 and ou at he seke o inges where shal he fynden hem4 what wyt at is al vnknowynge and ignoraunt may knowe e forme at is yfounde4 ,sidenote3 ,the pure soul that sees the divine thought1 knows all the secret chains of things4 ,but #dfcf whan e soule byholde and see e heye out4 at is to seyn god4 an knowe it to-gidre e somme and e singularites4 at is to seyn e principles and eueryche by hym self4 ,sidenote3 ,yet1 though now hidden in its fleshly members1 it hath some remembrance of its pure state--it retains the sums of things1 but has lost their particulars4 ,but now while e soule is hidd in e #dfdj cloude and in e derknesse of e membris of e body4 it ne ha nat al foreten it selfe4 but it wiholde e somme of inges and lesi e singularites4 ,sidenote3 ,he who seeks truth is not in either circumstance 7i4 e4 seeking for what he knows or knows not71 he knoweth not all things1 nor hath he wholly forgotten all4 an who so at seke soenesse4 he nis in neier nouir habit4 for #dfdd he not nat alle ne he ne ha nat alle for-eten4 ,sidenote3 ,but he ponders on what he knows1 that he may add those things that he hath forgotten to those that he retains4 ,but itte hym remembri e somme of inges at he wiholde and axe counseil and treti depelyche inges ysein byforne4 ,glosa at is to sein e grete somme in #dfdh hys mynde4 textus so at he mowe adden e parties at he ha foreten4 to ilke at he ha wiholden4 ,linenotes3 #dfje ha--,,ms4 hae #dfjf seyne--seyn #dfjg whiche--which #dfjh ha--,,ms4 hae grete--gret soefast--soothfast #dfaj wille--wil #dfab discorde--discord tho--from ,c4 #dfac cleuen--clyuen #dfae dirked--derkyd #dfaf while--whil #dfag knowen--knowe #dfai-ba grete--gret notes--notes #dfai soe--soth #dfba yhidd--,,ms4 yhidde1 ,c4 ,ihyd #dfbb soe--sooth inges--thing #dfbe ,glosa--from ,c4 #dfcj inge--thing whiche--which #dfca woot--not nat--nawht #dfcb coue--kowde #dfcd at--from ,c4 where--wher #dfce what--,,ms4 at1 ,c4 what vnknowynge--vnkunnynge #dfci eueryche--euerych #dfdj while--whil e--,,ms4 e e hidd--,,ms4 hidde1 ,c4 hidde #dfda derknesse--derkenesse #dfdb ha--,,ms4 hae selfe--self #dfdd nouir habit--nother habite #dfde alle 7both7--al ha--,,ms4 hae #dfdh ,glosa--from ,c4 #dfdi textus--from ,c4 #dfej ha 7both7--,,ms4 hae pg #afa ,headnote3 ,,answers ,,to ,,objections ,,against ,,providence4 ,,tamen ,,illa ,,uetus ,,inq,u,,it ,,hec ,,est4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe prose4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,this is the old objection against ,providence1 so ably handled by ,cicero in his ,book of ,divination2 and you yourself have anxiously discussed it4 anne seide she4 is is quod she e olde questioun of e purueaunce of god4 and marcus tulius whan he #dfeb deuidede e deuinaciouns4 at is to sein in hys booke at he wroot of deuinaciouns4 he moeuede gretly is questioun4 and ou i self hast sout it mochel and outerly and longe4 ,sidenote3 ,but neither of you have offered a satisfactory solution of the difficulty4 but it ne ha it nat ben determined #dfef ne yspedd fermely and diligently of any of yow4 ,sidenote3 ,the cause of this mystery is that the human understanding cannot conceive the simplicity of the divine prescience1 for if it were possible to comprehend this1 every difficulty would at once disappear4 ,and e cause of is derkenesse and of this difficulte is for at e moeuynge of e resoun of mankynde ne may nat moeuen to4 at is to sein applien or ioygnen to #dffj e simplicite of e deuyne prescience4 e whiche symplicite of e deuyne prescience if at men myhten thinken it in any manere _/ at is to seyn _/ at yif men myte inken and comprehenden e inges as god see hem4 #dffd an ne sholde er dwellen outerly no doute4 ,sidenote3 ,i shall1 therefore1 try to explain and solve this difficult question4 e whiche resoun and cause of difficulte ,i shal assaie at e laste to shewen and to speden4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cf b4 whan ,i haue 99firste yspendyd _/ and ansewered to o resouns by whiche ou #dffh art ymoeued4 ,sidenote3 ,i ask1 then1 why you do not approve the reasoning of such as think--that ,prescience does not obstruct the liberty of the will1 because it is not the necessitating cause of future events8 ,for ,i axe whi ou wenest at ilke resouns of hem at assoilen is questioun ne ben nat spedeful ynou ne sufficient e whiche solucioun or e whiche resoun for at it demi at e prescience nis nat #dfgb cause of necessite to inges to comen4 an ne wene it nat at fredom of wille be distourbed or ylett by prescience4 ,linenotes3 #dfec deuidede--deuynede booke--book #dfed moeuede--moeuede #dfee sout--,i-sowht #dfef longe--longe ha--,,ms4 hae #dfeg yspedd--,,ms4 yspedde1 ,c4 ,isped fermely--,,ms4 feruently1 ,c4 fermely #dfeh derkenesse--dirknesse of this--from ,c4 #dffb-c myhten----men--from ,c4 #dffc myte--myhten #dffg firste--fyrst #dffh yspendyd and--from ,c4 o--the whiche--which #dffi art--,,ms4 arte ilke--thilke #dfga spedeful--spedful #dfgb whiche--which #dfgd wille--wyl ,headnote3 ,,necessity ,,and ,,prescience4 ,sidenote3 ,do you draw an argument of the necessity of future events1 from any other topic than this1--that those things which are foreknown must of necessity happen8 for ne drawest ou nat argumentes from ellys where of e necessite of inges to comen4 ,as who sei #dfgf any oer wey an us4 but at ilke inges at e prescience woot byforn ne mowen nat vnbitide4 at is to seyn at ei moten bitide4 ,sidenote3 ,if divine prescience imposes no necessity upon future things1 must not the issue of things be voluntary1 and man's will free and unconstrained8 ,but an yif at prescience ne putte no necessite to inges to comen4 as ou i self #dfhj hast confessed it and byknowen a litel herbyforne4 what pg #afb cause or what is it4 as who sei ere may no cause be4 by whiche at e endes 7exitus7 uoluntarie of inges myten be constreyned to certeyne bitydyng4 ,sidenote3 ,for argument sake let us suppose there is no prescience1 would1 then1 the events which proceed from free-will alone be under the power of necessity8 ,for #dfhd by grace of possessioun4 so at ou mowe e better vndirstonde is at folwe4 ,i pose 7inpossibile7 at er ne be no prescience4 an axe ,i quod she in as moche as apperteni to at4 sholde an inges at #dfhh comen of frewille ben constreined to bytiden by necessite4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no4 ,boicius4 nay quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,let us1 then1 admit ,prescience1 but that it imposes no necessity on what is to happen2 the freedom of the will would still remain entire and absolute4 an aeinward quod she4 ,i suppose at ere be prescience but at ne putte no necessite to inges4 an trowe ,i at ilk self fredom #dfib of wille shal dwellen al hool and absolut and vnbounden4 ,sidenote3 ,but although ,prescience1 you may say1 is not the necessary cause of future events1 yet it is a sign that they shall necessarily happen1 and hence it follows that1 although there were no prescience1 future events would still be an inevitable necessity4 but ou wolt sein at al be it so at prescience nis nat cause of e necessite of bitidynge to inges to comen4 ,algates itte it is a signe at e inges ben #dfif to bytiden by necessite4 by is manere an al ou e prescience ne hadde neuer yben4 it algate or at e leste wey4 it is certeyne ing at e endys and e bitydynges of inges to comen sholde ben necessarie4 #dgjj ,sidenote3 ,for the sign of a thing is not really the thing itself1 but only points out what the individual is4 ,for euery sygne shewe and signifie oonly what e ing is but it ne maki nat e ing at it signifie4 ,sidenote3 ,wherefore1 it must be first proved that everything happens by necessity before we can conclude that prescience is a sign of that necessity4 ,for whiche it byhoue firste to shewen at no ing ne bitidi at it ne bytydith by necessite4 so at it #dgjd may apere at e prescience is signe of is necessite ,sidenote3 ,for if there be no necessity1 prescience cannot be the sign of that which has no existence4 or ellys yif ere nere no necessite4 certys ilke prescience ne myte nat ben signe of inge at nis nat4 ,linenotes3 #dfgg inges--thinges #dfhc whiche--which #dfhe better--betere #dfhh moche--mochel #dfhi frewille--free wyl #dfia at ne--at is ne #dfib at--,,ms4 an ilk self--thilke selue #dfic wille--wil #dfii leste--leeste #dgjj sholde--sholden #dgjc whiche--which firste--fyrst #dgjd at----bytydith--from ,c4 #dgjg myte--myhte inge--thing ,headnote3 ,,not ,,all ,,things ,,controlled ,,by ,,necessity4 ,sidenote3 ,the assertion that nothing happens but by necessity1 must be proved by arguments drawn from causes connected and agreeing with this necessity1 and not from signs or foreign causes4 ,but certys it is nowe certeyne at e preue of is #dgjh susteni by stedfast resoun ne shal nat ben ladd ne proued by signes ne by argumentys ytaken fro wi oute4 but by causes couenable and necessarie ,but ou mayst sein how may it be at e inges ne bitiden nat #dgab at ben ypurueyed to comen4 but certys ryt as we pg #afc trowen at o inges whiche at e purueaunce woot byforn to comen4 ne ben nat to bitiden4 but at ne sholde we nat demen4 but raer al ou at ei schal bitiden4 #dgaf it ne haue ei no necessite of hire kynde to bitiden4 and is maist ou lytly aperceyuen by is at ,i shal seyn4 ,sidenote3 ,we see many things when they are done before our eyes2 such as a charioteer driving his chariot1 and other things of like nature4 but we seen many inges whan ei ben don byforn oure eyen ryt as men seen e karter worken in e #dgbj tournynge and in attempryng or in adressyng of hys kartes or chariottes4 and by is manere as who sei mayst ou vnderstonde of alle manere oir werkemen4 ,sidenote3 ,now1 is there any necessity which compels these things to be done8 ,is ere anne any necessite as who sei in oure lokynge #dgbd at constreine or compelli any of ilke inges to ben don so4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no4 ,for if all things were moved by compulsion--the efforts of art would be vain and fruitless4 b4 nay quod ,i ,for in ydel and in veyne were alle e effect of crafte yif at alle inges weren moeued by constreynynge4 at is to seyn by constreynynge #dgbh of oure eyen or of oure syt4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the things1 then1 which are done are under no necessity that they should be done2 then first before they were done1 they were under no necessity of coming to pass2 wherefore some things happen1 the event of which is unconstrained by necessity4 ,p4 ise ingus an quod she at whan men don hem ne han non necessite at men don hem4 eke o same inges first or ei be don4 ei ben to comen wi out necessite4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cg4 for whi #dgcb er ben somme inges to bytide of whiche e endys and e bitidynges of hem ben absolut 99and quit of alle necessite4 ,sidenote3 ,these things therefore1 although foreknown1 have free events3 for as the knowledge of present things imposes no necessity upon things which are now done1 so neither does the foreknowledge of futurities necessitate the things which are to come4 for certys ,i ne trowe nat at any man wolde seyn is4 at o inges at men don now at ei ne weren #dgcf to bitiden4 first or ei were ydon and ilk same inges al ou at men hadden ywyst hem by-forn4 itte ei han fre bitidynges4 for ryt as science of inges present ne brynge in no necessite to inges #dgdj at men doon _/_/ ,ryht so the prescience of thinges to comen ne bryngeth in no necessite to thinges to bytiden ,sidenote3 ,but you may doubt whether there can be any certain prescience of things1 of which the event is not necessitated3 for here there seems to be an evident contradiction4 but ou mayst seyn at of ilke same it is ydouted4 as wheer at of ilke inges at ne han non endes and #dgdd bytidynges necessaryes yif er-of may ben any prescience ,linenotes3 #dgjh nowe--now #dgji susteni--ysustenyd stedfast--stydefast ladd--,,ms4 ladde1 ,c4 lad #dgad whiche--which #dgae at--from ,c4 sholde--sholden #dgaf demen--,,ms4 denyen at--from ,c4 #dgag necessite--,,ms4 necessites #dgba hys--hise #dgbe at--from ,c4 #dgbg veyne--veyn alle--al crafte--craft #dgbi ise--,,ms4 ise ise1 ,c4 the #dgcb wi out--with-owte #dgcc bytide--bytyden whiche--which #dgcg were--weeren ydon--,,ms4 ydone1 ,c4 ,i-doon ilk--thilke #dgda-b at----thinges--from ,c4 #dgdd endes--issues pg #afd ,headnote3 ,,the ,,nature ,,of ,,true ,,knowledge4 ,sidenote3 ,if things are foreknown1 you may contend they must necessarily happen2 and if their event is not necessary1 they cannot be foreseen1 because true knowledge can comprehend nothing but what is absolutely certain4 ,for certys ei seme to discorde4 for ou wenest at yif at inges ben yseyn byforn at necessite folwe hem4 and yif 7et putas7 necessite faile hem ei ne #dgdh myten nat ben wist byforn4 and at no inge ne may ben comprehendid by science but certeyne4 ,sidenote3 ,and if things uncertain in their events are foreseen as certain1 this knowledge is nothing more than a false opinion4 and yif o inges at ne han no certeyne bytidynges ben ypurueied as certeyn4 ,sidenote3 ,for it is very remote from true knowledge to judge of things otherwise than they really are4 it sholde ben dirkenesse of oppinioun nat #dgeb soefastnesse of science and ou weenyst at it be diuerse fro the hoolnesse of science _/ at any man sholde deme a thing to ben oother weys thanne it is it self4 ,sidenote3 ,the cause of this error is that men imagine that their knowledge is wholly derived from the nature of the things known1 whereas it is quite the reverse4 and e cause of is errour is4 at of alle e inges at euery #dgef wyt ha yknowe4 ei wenen at o inges ben y-knowe al oonly by e strenge and by e nature of e inges at ben ywyst or yknowe4 and it is al e contrarie4 for alle at euere is yknowe4 ,sidenote3 ,things are not known from their inherent properties1 but by the faculties of the observer4 it is raer comprehendid and #dgfj yknowen nat after his strenge and hys nature4 but after e faculte at is to seyn e power and the nature of hem at knowen4 ,sidenote3 ,the roundness of a body affects the sight in one way1 and the touch in another4 and for at is shal mowe shewen by a short ensample e same roundenes of a body 4,o4 oer #dgfd weyes e syt of e eye knowe it4 and oer weyes e touching4 ,sidenote3 ,the eye1 from afar1 darts its rays upon the object1 and by beholding it comprehends its form4 e lokynge by castynge of his bemes waite and see fro afer alle e body to-gider wi oute mouynge of it self4 ,sidenote3 ,but the object is not distinguished by the touch unless the hand comes in contact with it and feels it all round4 but e touchinge cliui and conioigne to e #dgfh rounde body 7orbi7 and moue abouten e environynge4 and comprehendi by parties e roundenesse4 ,linenotes3 #dgdf seme--semyn discorde--discorden #dgdi at--yif #dgec-e and----self--from ,c4 #dgeg ha--,,ms4 hae #dgfj alle--al #dgfc mowe--mowen #dgfd roundenes--,rowndnesse #dgfe syt--sihte #dgfg alle--al #dgfi abouten--abowte #dggj roundenesse--,rowndnesse ,headnote3 ,,sense1 ,,reason1 ,,and ,,intelligence4 ,sidenote3 ,man himself is surveyed in divers ways--by the senses1 by the imagination1 by reason1 and by the intelligence 7of the ,deity74 and e man hym self oer weies wyt byholdi hym4 and oerweyes ymaginacioun and oer weyes resoun4 and #dggb oer weyes intelligence4 ,sidenote3 ,the senses take note of his material figure--the imagination considers the form alone1 exclusive of the matter4 ,for e wit comprehendi fro wi outen fure e figure of e body of e man4 at is establissed in e matere subiect4 ,but e ymaginacioun comprehendith only the figure with owte the matere _/ #dggf ,sidenote3 ,reason transcends the imaginations1 and examining existences in general discovers the particular species1 but the eye of ,intelligence soars still higher2 for1 going beyond the bounds of what is general1 it surveys the simple forms themselves1 by its own pure and subtle thought3 ,resoun surmounteth ymaginacioun and comprehende pg #afe by an vniuersel lokynge e commune spece 7speciem7 at is in e singuler peces4 ,but e eye of intelligence is heyer for it sourmounte e envirounynge of e #dghj vniuersite and looke ouer at by pure subtilite of out4 ,sidenote3 in which this is chiefly to be considered1 that the higher power of perception embraces the lower2 but the inferior cannot attain to the energy of the superior3 ilk same symple forme of man at is perdurably in e deuyne out4 in whiche is aute gretely to ben considered at e heyest strenge to comprehenden inges #dghd enbrace and conteyne e lowere strenge but the lowere strengthe ne arysith nat in no manere to heyere strengthe4 ,sidenote3 for the senses cannot go beyond the perception of matter2 the imagination cannot comprehend existences in general1 nor can the reason conceive the simple form4 for wit ne may no inge comprehende oute of matere4 ne e ymagynacioun ne loke nat e vniuerseles #dghh speces4 ne resoun ne take nat e symple forme4 so as intelligence take it4 ,sidenote3 ,but the ,intelligence looking down 7as from above7 and having conceived the form1 discerns all things that are below it1 and comprehends what does not fall within the reach of the other faculties of the mind4 but e intelligence at loke al abouen whan it ha comprehendid e forme it knowe and deme alle e inges at ben vndir at forme4 but #dgib she knowe hem vndir ilke manere in e whiche it comprehendi ilke same symple forme at ne may neuer be knowen to non of at oer4 at is to seyn to non of o re forseide strenges of e soule4 ,sidenote3 ,without the aid of those faculties ,intelligence comprehends things formally 7i4 e4 by beholding their simple forms7 by one effort of mind4 for it #dgif knowe e vniuersite of resoun and e figure of e ymaginacioun4 and e sensible material conseiued4 and ou wenest at it be diuerse fro e hoolnesse of science4 at any man sholde deme a ing to ben oerweyes an it is #dhjj it self and e cause of is errour etc'4 vt supra4 by wit4 ,sidenote3 ,reason1 without the aid of ,imagination and ,sense1 in considering things in general1 comprehends all imaginable and sensible things4 ne it ne vse nat nor of resoun ne of ymaginacioun ne of wit wi oute fore but it byholde alle inges so as ,i shal seye4 by a strok of out formely wi oute discours #dhjd or collacioun ,certys resoun whan it loke any ing vniuersel it ne vse nat of ymaginacioun nor of wit and algates it it comprendi e inges ymaginable and sensible4 ,sidenote3 ,for instance1 reason defines her general conceptions thus3-- ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #cg b4 for resoun is she at 99diffinisse e vniuersel #dhjh of hir conseite ryt us4 pg #aff ,sidenote3 ,man is a rational two-footed animal1 which1 though it be a general idea1 yet every one knows that man thus defined is perceived both by the imagination and the senses1 notwithstanding that in this instance reason does not make use of imagination or the senses1 but of her own rational conception4 ,man is a resonable two-footid beest4 and how so at is knowynge is vniuersel4 it nys er no wyt at ne woot wel4 at a man is a thing ymaginable and sensible and is same considere wel #dhab resoun4 but at nis nat by ymaginacioun4 nor by witte4 but it loki it by a resonable concepcioun4 ,sidenote3 ,the imagination also1 although it derives its power of seeing and forming figures from the senses1 yet in the absence and without the use of the senses it considers and comprehends all sensible things by its own imaginative power4 ,also ymaginacioun al be it so4 at it take of wit e bygynyngus to seen and to formen e figures4 algates al ou at wit #dhaf ne ware not present4 it it envirouni and comprehendi alle inges sensible4 nat by resoun sensible of demynge4 but by resoun ymaginatif4 ,sidenote3 ,do not you see that men attain to the knowledge of things more by their own faculties1 than by the inherent property of things8 sest ou nat an at alle e inges in knowynge vsen more of hir faculte or of hir #dhbj power4 an ei don of the faculte or of power of inges at ben yknowen4 ,sidenote3 ,nor is it unreasonable that it should be so--for since every judgment is the act of the person judging2 every one must needs do his own work by the help of his own faculties1 and not by the aid of foreign power4 ne at nis no wronge4 for so as euery iugement is e dede or e doynge of hym at deme4 ,it #dhbc byhoue at euery wyt performe e werke and hys entencioun nat of forein power2 but of hys propre power4 ,linenotes3 #dggd fro wi outen fure--with owte forth #dggf-g comprehendith----ymaginacioun--from ,c4 #dggg comprehende--,,ms4 comprehendynge #dggh an--omitted #dghj heyer--heyere #dghc whiche--which aute--owhte #dghd heyest--heyiste #dghe lowere--lowere #dghe-g but----strengthe--from ,c4 #dghg wit--witte oute--owt #dgia ha--,,ms4 hae #dgic whiche--which #dgie-f non--none #dgif strenges--thinges #dgih-dhja and ou----vt supra--omitted #dhje collacioun--,,ms4 callacioun1 ,c4 collacioun #dhjf wit--witte #dhaj is--from ,c4 #dhac witte--wit #dhba don--,,ms4 done1 ,c4 doon the--from ,c4 #dhbb yknowen--,iknowe no wronge--nat wrong #dhbd werke--werk #dhbe forein--foreyne ,headnote3 ,,how ,,our ,,knowledge ,,of ,,outward ,,things ,,is ,,gained4 ,,quondam ,,porticus ,,attulit4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,fallacious and obscure was the lore of the ,stoics1 ,e porche at is to sein a gate of e toune of athenis er as philosophres hadde hir congregacioun to dispoyten4 and ilke porche broute somtyme olde men ful #dhbh derke in hire sentences4 at is to sein philosophers at hyten stoiciens4 ,sidenote3 who taught that images of things obvious to the senses were imprinted on the mind by external objects1 and that the soul is at first like a mirror or a clean parchment1 free from figures and letters4 at wenden at ymages and sensibilites at is to sein sensible ymaginaciouns4 or ellys ymaginacioun of sensible inges weren inprentid in to soules #dhcb fro bodies wi oute fore4 ,as who sei at ilke stoiciens wenden at e soule hadde ben naked of it self4 as a mirour or a clene parchemyn4 so at alle fygures mosten fyrst comen fro inges fro wi oute in to #dhcf soules4 and ben inprentid in to soules4 ,textus4 ,ryt as we ben wont some tyme by a swift poyntel to ficchen lettres emprentid in e smoenesse or in e plainesse of e table of wex4 or in parchemyn at ne ha no figure pg #afg ne note in it4 ,sidenote3 ,but if the mind is passive in receiving the impressions of outward objects1 whence proceeds the knowledge by which the mind comprehends all things8 ,glosa4 ,but now argui boece aeins at #dhda oppinioun and sei us4 but yif e riuyng soule ne vnpliti no ing4 at is to sein ne do no ing by hys propre moeuynges4 but suffri and lie subgit to e #dhdd figures and to e notes of bodyes wi oute fore4 and elde ymages ydel and veyne in e manere of a mirour4 whennes riue an or whennes come an ilke knowyng in oure soule4 at discerni and byholde #dhdh alle inges4 ,sidenote3 ,whence its force to conceive individual existences1 to separate those things when known1 to unite divided things1 and to choose and change its path1 soaring to the highest and descending to the lowest things--and returning to itself1 to confute false things by the true8 and whennes is ilke strenge at byholde e syngulere inges4 or whennes is e strenge at dyuyde inges yknowe4 and ilke strenge at gadere to-gidre e inges deuided4 and e strenge at #dheb chese hys entrechaunged wey for som tyme it heue vp e heued4 at is to sein at it heue vp e entencioun to ryt heye inges4 and som tyme it discendi in to ryt lowe inges4 and whan it retourni in to hym #dhef self4 it repreui and destroie e false inges by e trewe inges4 ,sidenote3 ,this cause is more efficacious and powerful to see and to know things1 than that cause which receives the characters impressed like servile matter4 ,certys is strenge is cause more efficient and mochel more myty to seen and to knowe inges4 an ilke cause at suffri and resceyue e #dhfj notes and e figures inpressed in manere of matere ,sidenote3 ,yet the sense in the living body excites and moves the mental powers2 as when the light striking the eyes causes them to see1 or as the voice rushing into the ear excites hearing4 algates e passioun at is to seyn e suffraunce or e wit in e quike body go byforne excitynge and moeuyng e strenges of e oute4 ryt so as whan at #dhfd clerenesse smyte e eyen and moeui hem to seen4 or ryt so as voys or soune hurtli to e eres and commoeui hem to herkne4 ,sidenote3 ,then is the force of thought excited2 it calls forth the images within itself1 and adds to them the outward forms1 blending external images with the counterparts concealed within4 an is e strenge of e out ymoeuid and excitid and clepe fure e semblable #dhfh moeuynges e speces at it halt wi inne it self4 and addi o speces to e notes and to e inges wi out fore4 and medele e ymages of inges wi out fore to e formes yhid wi inne hym self4 #dhgb ,linenotes3 #dhbg hadde--hadden dispoyten--desputen #dhbh broute--browhte #dhcj and--from ,c4 #dhcg inprentid--aprentyd #dhch some tyme--somtyme swift--swyfte #dhdj ha--,,ms4 hae #dhdc vnpliti--vnpleyteth do--,,ms4 doe #dhde e--tho #dhfc quike--qwyke go--,,ms4 goe #dhfd oute--thoght #dhfe clerenesse--cleernesse #dhff soune--sown #dhfh fure--forth #dhgj out--owte #dhga out fore--owte forth #dhgb formes--formes yhid--,i-hidde pg #afh ,headnote3 ,,intelligence ,a ,,divine ,,attribute4 ,q,,uo,d ,,si ,,in ,,corporib,,us ,,senciend,,is4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ch4 99,,questio4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#e4the prose4 ,sidenote3 ,although there are in objects certain qualities which strike externally upon the senses1 and put their instruments in motion2 although the passive impression upon the body precedes the action of the mind1 ,but what yif at in bodies to ben feelid at is to sein in e takynge of knowelechinge of bodyly inges4 and al be it so at e qualites of bodies at ben #dhge obiect fro wi oute fore moeuen and entalenten e instrumentes of e wittes4 ,sidenote3 and although the former rouses the latter to action1 yet if in the perception of bodily things1 the soul is not by the impression of external things made to know these things1 but by its own power judgeth of these bodily impressions1 and al be it so at e passioun of e body at is to seyn e witte or the suffraunce goth to-forn the strengthe of the workynge corage _/ the which passioun or suffraunce clepi fure e dede of #dhhj e out in hym self4 and moeue and exite in is mene while e formes at resten wi in fore4 and yif at in sensible bodies as ,i haue seid oure corage nis nat ytaut or enprentid by passioun to knowe ise inges4 #dhhd but demi and knowe of hys owen strenge e passioun or suffraunce subiect to e body4 ,sidenote3 how much more shall those pure spiritual beings 7as ,god or angels7 discern things by an act of their understanding alone1 without the aid of impressions from external objects8 ,moche more an oo inges at ben absolut and quit fram alle talent or affecciouns of bodies4 as god or hys aungels ne folwen #dhhh nat in discernynge inges obiect from wi oute fore4 but ei accomplissen and speden e dede of hir out ,sidenote3 ,for this reason1 then1 there are several sorts of knowing distributed among various beings4 by is resoun4 an ere comen many manere knowynges to dyuerse and differyng substaunces4 ,sidenote3 ,for sense 7or sensation7 destitute of all other knowledge is allotted to those creatures that have no motion1 as shell-fish4 for e wit #dhib of e body e whiche witte is naked and despoyled of alle oer knowynges4 ilke witte come to bestes at ne mowen nat moeuen hem self here ne ere4 as oystres and muscles and oer swiche shelle fysshe of e see4 #dhif at cliuen and ben norissed to roches4 ,sidenote3 ,but imagination is given to such brutes capable of motion1 and having in some degree the power of desiring or refusing4 but e ymaginacioun come to remuable bestes at semen to han talent to fleen or to desiren any inge4 ,sidenote3 ,reason1 however1 is the attribute of man alone1 as ,intelligence is that of ,god4 but resoun is al only to e lynage of mankynde ryt as intelligence is oonly e #dijj deuyne nature4 ,sidenote3 ,hence ,his 7i4 e4 ,god's7 knowledge exceeds all other1 comprehending both what belongs to ,his own nature1 and what is comprehended by all inferior creatures4 of whiche it folwe at ilke knowyng is more wore an thise oer4 syn it knowe by hys propre nature nat only hys subiect4 as who sei it ne pg #afi knowe nat al oonly at apperteini proprely to hys #dijd knowynge4 but it knowe e subgit of alle oer knowynges4 ,linenotes3 #dhgc yif--from ,c4 #dhgh or the--from ,c4 suffraunce--,,ms4 suffisaunce1 ,c4 suffraunce #dhgi-hj goth----suffraunce--from ,c4 #dhhc seid--,,ms4 seide1 ,c4 seyd #dhhg quit--quite #dhhh hys--hise #dhhi discernynge--,,ms4 discryuyng1 ,c4 discernynge from--fro #dhic-id witte--wit #dhie mowen--mowe here ne ere--her and ther #dija whiche--which #dijb thise oer--thise oothre ,headnote3 ,,the ,,powers ,,of ,,sense ,,and ,,imagination4 ,sidenote3 ,but how shall it be then1 if sense and imagination oppose reason1 affirming that the general idea of things1 which reason thinks it so perfectly sees1 is nothing8 but how shal it an be yif at wit and ymaginacioun stryuen aeins resonynge and sein at of ilke vniuersel inges4 at resoun wene to seen at it nis #dijh ryt naut4 ,sidenote3 ,for what falls under the cognisance of the senses and imagination cannot be general4 for wit and ymaginacioun seyn at at4 at is sensible or ymaginable it ne may nat ben vniuersel4 an is eier e iugement of resoun soth4 ne at er nis no inge sensible4 or ellys for at resoun woot #diab wel at many inges ben subiect to wit and to ymaginacioun4 an is e consepcioun of resoun veyn and fals whiche at looke and comprehendi4 at at is sensible and synguler as uniuersele4 ,sidenote3 ,but if reason should answer to this--that in her idea of what is general she comprehends whatever is sensible and imaginable2 but as to the senses and imagination1 they cannot attain to the knowledge of what is general1 since their knowledge is confined to material figures2 and therefore in all real knowledge of things we must give the greatest credit to that faculty which has a more steadfast and perfect judgment of things4 and if at resoun #diaf wolde answeren aein to ise two at is to sein to wit and to ymaginacioun4 and sein at soely she hir self4 at is to seyn at resoun loke and comprehendi by resoun of vniuersalite4 boe at at is sensible and at #dibj at is ymaginable4 and at ilke two at is to seyn wit and ymaginacioun ne mowen nat strecchen ne enhaunsen hem self to knowynge of vniuersalite for at e knowyng of hem ne may exceden nor sourmounten #dibd e bodyly figures ,certys of e knowyng of inges men auten raer eue credence to e more stedfast and to e more perfit iugement4 ,sidenote3 ,in a controversy of this kind ought not we1 who possess faculties of reason1 c41 to side with reason and espouse her cause8 ,in is manere stryuynge an we at han strenge of resonynge and of ymaginynge #dibh and of wit at is to seyn by resoun and by ymaginacioun and by wit4 and we sholde raer preise e cause of resoun4 as who sei an e cause of wit or ymaginacioun4 ,linenotes3 #dijg aeins--ayein #dijh vniuersel--vniuersels #diaa soth--from ,c4 #diad fals whiche--false which #diag wit--witte #diah soely--soothly #dibc knowynge--knowy #dibf eue--yeuen stedfast--stidefast #dicj and--from ,c4 #dica or--and of ,headnote3 ,,reason ,,should ,,submit ,,to ,,intelligence4 ,sidenote3 ,the case is entirely similar when human reason thinks the ,divine ,intelligence cannot behold future events in any other way than she herself is capable of perceiving them4 semblable inge is it at e resoun of mankynde #dicb ne wene nat at e deuyne intelligence byholde or knowe inges to comen4 but ryt as e resoun of mankynde knowe hem4 ,sidenote3 ,for thus you argue3-- ,what things are not necessitated cannot be foreknown2 therefore there is no prescience of these things1 for1 if there were1 everything would be fixed by an absolute necessity4 for ou arguist and seist us4 at yif it ne seme nat to men at somme inges han certeyne pg #agj and necessarie bytidynges4 ei ne mowen nat ben wist #dicg byforn certeynely to bytiden4 an nis ther no prescience of ilke inges4 and yif we trowen at prescience ben in ise inges4 an is er no inge at it ne #didj bitidi by necessite4 ,sidenote3 ,if it were possible to enjoy the intelligence of the ,deity1 we should then deem it right that sense and imagination should yield to reason1 and also judge it proper that human reason should submit to the ,divine ,intelligence4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ch b4 but certys yif we myten han e iugement of e deuyne out as we 99ben parsoners of resoun4 ryt so as we han demed4 it byhoue at ymaginacioun and wit ben bynee resoun4 ryt so wolde #didd we demen at it were rytful ing at mans resoun aute to summitten it self and to ben bynee e deuyne out4 ,sidenote3 ,let us1 therefore1 strive to elevate ourselves to the height of the supreme intelligence--there shall reason see what she cannot discover in herself2 and that is in what manner the prescience of ,god sees and defines all things2 although they have no certain event2 and she will see that this is no mere conjecture1 but rather simple1 supreme1 and unlimited knowledge4 for whiche at yif we mowen4 as who sei4 at yif at we mowen ,i conseile at we enhanse vs in #didh to e heyt of ilke souereyne intelligence4 for ere shal resoun wel seen at at it ne may nat by-holden in it self4 and certys at is is in what manere e prescience of god see alle inges certeins and difinissed al ou ei #dieb ne han no certein issues or by-tydynges4 ne is is non oppinioun but it is raer e simplicite of e souereyn science at nis nat enclosed nor yshet wiinne no boundes4 ,linenotes3 #dich ther--from ,c4 #dici trowen--trowe #didb parsoners--parsoneres #dide mans--mannes #didf aute--owte #didg whiche--which #didh at yif--yif at #didi heyt--heihte ere--ther #dieb ou--,,ms4 out #diee no--none ,,quam ,,uariis ,,figuris4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ethe ,metur4 ,sidenote3 ,various are the shapes of created beings4 ,some creep along the ground and trace the dust in furrows as they go2 ,e bestes passen by e eres by ful dyuerse figures #dief for somme of hem han hir bodies straut and crepen in e dust and drawen after hem a trais or a forghe contynued4 at is to sein as addres or snakes4 ,sidenote3 others with nimble wings float through the air2 and oer bestes by the wandryng lytnesse of hir #difj wenges beten e wyndes and ouer-swymmen e spaces of e longe eyer by moist fleeynge4 ,sidenote3 some with their feet impress the ground1 or tread lightly o'er the meads1 or seek the shady grove4 and oer bestes gladen hem to diggen her traas or her stappes in e ere wi hir goynge or wi her feet4 or to gone eyer #difd by e grene feldes or elles to walken vnder e wodes4 ,sidenote3 ,though we see an endless variety of forms1 yet all are prone2 to the earth they bend their looks1 increasing the heaviness of their dull sense4 and al be it so at ou seest at ei alle discorden by pg #aga dyuerse formes4 algate hire faces enclining heuie hire dulle wittes4 ,sidenote3 ,man alone doth raise aloft his noble head2 light and erect he spurns the earth4 ,onlyche e lynage of man heue heyest hys #difh heye heued and stonde lyt wi hys vpryt body and byholde e ere vndir hym4 ,sidenote3 ,thou art admonished by this figure then1 unless by sense deceived1 that whilst taught by thy lofty mien to look above1 thou shouldst elevate thy mind lest it sink below its proper level4 and but-if ou erely man wexest yuel oute of i witte4 is figure amoneste e at axest e heuene wi i ryte visage4 and hast areised #digb i forhede to beren vp on heye i corage so at i out ne be nat yheuied ne put lowe vndir foot4 sen at i body is so heye areised4 ,linenotes3 #dieg somme--som #diei forghe contynued--forwh ,ikonntynued addres--nadris #difj the--from ,c4 #difc hem--hem self stappes--steppis #difd or to gone--and to gon eyer--eyther #dife elles--from ,c4 #difg faces--from ,c4 algate--algates enclining--enclynyd #difh ,onlyche--,oonly heyest--heyeste #digj ere--erthes #diga oute--owt witte--wit #digb ryte--ryhte hast--,,ms4 hae1 ,c4 hast #digc forhede--foreheuyd on heye--a heygh #digd foot sen--foote syn ,headnote3 ,,definition ,,of ,,eternity4 ,,pr,o,,sa ,,vlti,m,a4 ,,quonia,m ,,igitur ,,uti ,,paulo ,,ante4 ,sidenote3 ,the #fte prose and the laste4 ,sidenote3 ,since everything which is known is not1 as ,i have shown1 perceived by its own inherent properties1 but by the faculties of those comprehending them1 let us now examine the disposition of the ,divine nature4 ,er-fore an as ,i haue shewed a litel her byforne at #digf al inge at is ywist nis nat knowen by hys nature propre4 but by e nature of hem at comprehenden it4 ,lat vs loke now in as moche as it is leueful to vs4 as who sei lat vs loken now as we mowen whiche at e #dihj estat is of e deuyne substaunce so at we mowen ek knowen what his science is4 ,sidenote3 ,all rational creatures agree in affirming that ,god is eternal4 e comune iugement of alle creatures resonables an is is at god is eterne4 lat vs considere an what is eternite4 ,for certys at shal #dihd shewen vs to-gidre e deuyne nature and e deuyne science ,sidenote3 ,and eternity is a full1 total1 and perfect possession of a life which shall never end4 ,this will appear more clearly from a comparison with temporal things4 ,eternite an is perfit possessioun and al togidre of lijf interminable and at shewe more clerely by e comparisoun or collacioun of temporel inges4 #dihh ,sidenote3 ,temporal existence proceeds from the past to the present1 and thence to the future4 for al ing at lyue in tyme it is present and procedi fro preterit in to futures4 at is to sein4 fro tyme passed in to tyme comynge4 ,sidenote3 ,and there is nothing under the law of time1 which can at once comprehend the whole space of its existence4 ne er nis no ing establissed in tyme at may enbracen to-gidre al e space of hys lijf4 #diib ,linenotes3 #digg al inge--alle thinges #digi moche--mochel #dihj loken--loke whiche--which #diha ek--from ,c4 #dihg clerely--cleerly #dihi al--alle ,headnote3 ,,the ,,world ,,is ,,not ,,eternal4 ,sidenote3 ,having lost yesterday it does not as yet enjoy to-morrow2 and as for to-day it consists only in the present transitory moment4 for certys it ne ha it nat taken e tyme of e morwe4 and it ha lost at of ister-day4 and certys in e lijf of is day e ne lyuen no more but ryt as in is moeueable pg #agb and transitorie moment4 ,sidenote3 ,whatever1 therefore1 is subjected to a temporal condition1 as ,aristotle thought of the world1 may be without beginning and without end2 and although its duration may extend to an infinity of time1 yet it cannot rightly be called eternal3 for it doth not comprehend at once the whole extent of its infinite duration1 having no knowledge of things future which are not yet arrived4 an ilke inge at suffri #diif temporel condicioun4 aloughe at it bygan neuer to be4 ne oughe it neuere cese forto be4 as aristotle demde of e worlde4 and al ou at e lif of it be strecchid wi infinite of tyme4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ci4 it al99gates nis it no #ejjj swiche ing at men myten trowen by ryt at it is eterne4 for al ou at it comprehende and embrace e space of life infinite4 it algates ne embrace it nat e space of e lif alto-gidre4 for it ne ha nat e futures #ejjd at ne ben nat it4 ne it ne ha no lenger e preterit at ben ydon or ypassed4 ,sidenote3 ,for what is eternal must be always present to itself and master of itself1 and have always with it the infinite succession of time4 but ilke ing an at ha and comprehendi to-gidre alle e plente of e lif interminable4 to whom ere ne faili nat of e future4 #ejjh and to whom er nis nat of e preterit escapid nor ypassed4 ilke same is ywitnessed or yproued by ryt to ben eterne4 and it byhoue by necessite at ilke inge be alwey present to hym self and compotent4 as #ejab who sei alwey present to hym self and so myty at al by ryt at hys plesaunce4 and at he haue al present e infinit of e moeuable tyme4 ,sidenote3 ,therefore some philosophers1 who had heard that ,plato believed that this world had neither beginning nor end1 falsely concluded1 that the created universe was coeternal with its ,creator4 wherfore som men trowen wrongefully at whan ei heren at it semide #ejaf to plato at is worlde ne hadde neuer bygynnynge of tyme4 ne at it neuere shal haue faylynge4 ei wenen in is manere at is worlde ben maked coeterne wi his makere4 as who sei4 ei wenen at is worlde and #ejbj god ben maked to-gidre eterne4 and it is a wrongful wenynge4 ,sidenote3 ,but it is one thing to be conducted through a life of infinite duration1 which was ,plato's opinion of the world1 and another thing to comprehend at once the whole extent of this duration as present which1 it is manifest1 can only belong to the ,divine mind4 for oer ing is it to ben yladd by lif interminable as plato grauntede to e worlde4 and oer ing is it to embracen to-gidre alle e presence to e lif #ejbd interminable4 e whiche ing it is clere and manifest at it is propre to e deuine out4 pg #agc ,sidenote3 ,nor ought it to seem to us that ,god is prior to and more ancient than his creatures by the space of time1 but rather by the simple and undivided properties of his nature4 ne it ne sholde nat semen to vs at god is elder an inges at ben ymaked by quantite of tyme4 but raer by e proprete of hys #ejbh symple nature4 ,sidenote3 ,the infinite progression of temporal things imitates the ever-present condition of an immovable life3 for is ilke infinite moeuyng of temporel inges folwi is presentarie estat of e lijf inmoeueable4 ,linenotes3 #diic-d ha--,,ms4 hae #diic e 7#b7--to #diid at--the tyme #diig aloughe--al-thogh it--from ,c4 #diii worlde--world #ejja swiche--swych #ejjb eterne--from ,c41 ,,ms4 eternite #ejjc life--lyf #ejjd-e-f ha--,,ms4 hae #ejjf ydon--,,ms4 ydone1 ,c4 ,i-doon #ejjg alle--al #ejjh-i nat--nawht #ejaj ilke--thilke or--and #ejad by--be #ejaf semide--semede #ejag worlde--world hadde--hadde #ejah haue--han #ejai-bj worlde--world #ejbb yladd--,,ms4 yladde1 ,c4 ,i-lad #ejbc worlde--world #ejbd embracen--enbrace alle--al presence to--present of #ejbe clere--cleer ,headnote3 ,,god ,,is ,,eternal4 ,sidenote3 and since it cannot copy nor equal it from an immovable and simply present state1 it passes into motion and into an infinite measure of past and future time4 and so as it ne may nat contrefeten it ne feynen it ne ben euene lyke to it4 for e inmoeueablete4 at is #ejcb to seyn at is in e eternite of god4 it faile and falle in to moeuynge fro e simplicite of the presence of god4 and disencresi to e infinite quantite of future and of preterit4 ,sidenote3 ,but since it cannot possess at once the whole extent of its duration1 yet1 as it never ceases wholly to be1 it faintly emulates that whose perfection it can neither attain nor express1 by attaching itself to the present fleeting moment1 which1 because it resembles the durable present time1 imparts to those things that partake of it an appearance of existence4 and so as it ne may nat han togidre #ejcf al e plente of e lif4 algates itte for as moche as it ne cesi neuere forto ben in som manere it seme somdel to vs at it folwi and resembli ilke ing at it ne may nat attayne to4 ne fulfille4 and bynde it #ejdj self to som manere presence of is litel and swifte moment4 e whiche presence of is lytele and swifte moment4 for at it bere a manere ymage or lykenesse of e ay dwellynge presence of god4 it graunte to #ejdd swiche manere inges as it bitidi to at it seme hem at ise inges han ben and ben ,sidenote3 ,but as it cannot stop or abide it pursues its course through infinite time1 and by gliding along it continues its duration1 the plenitude of which it could not comprehend1 by abiding in a permanent state4 and for at e presence of swiche litel moment ne may nat dwelle er-for it rauysside and took e infinite wey of tyme4 at #ejdh is to seyn by successioun4 and by is manere it is ydon4 for at it sholde continue e lif in goynge of e whiche lif it ne myte nat embrace e plente in dwellynge4 ,sidenote3 ,if we would follow ,plato in giving things their right names1 let us say that ,god is eternal and the world perpetual4 and for i yif we willen putte wori names to inges #ejeb and folwen plato4 lat vs seyn an soely at god is eterne4 and at e worlde is perpetuel4 ,sidenote3 ,his knowledge1 surpassing the progression of time1 is ever present1 containing the infinite space of past and future times1 and embraces in his clear insight all things1 as if they were now transacting4 an syn at euery iugement knowe and comprehendi by hys owen nature inges at ben subiect vnto hym4 ere is soely #ejef al-wey to god an eterne and presentarie estat4 and e science of hym at ouer-passe alle temporel moeuement pg #agd dwelli in e symplicite of hys presence and embrace and considere alle e infinit spaces of tymes #ejfj preterit and futures and loke in is symple knowynge alle inges of preterit ryt as ei weren ydoon presently ryt now ,sidenote3 ,prescience is1 then1 a foreknowledge1 not of what is to come1 but of the present and never-failing now 7in which ,god sees all things as if immovably present74 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #ci b4 yif ou wolt an enke and avisen e prescience by whiche it knowe alle inges 99ou ne #ejfd shalt nat demen it as prescience of inges to comen4 ,linenotes3 #ejcb lyke--lyk #ejcd the--from ,c4 #ejci somdel--somdel #ejdj fulfille--fullfyllen #ejda litel--from ,c41 ,,ms4 lykly #ejdb whiche--which lytele--from ,c41 ,,ms4 lykly #ejdf ben 7#a7--yben at--from ,c4 #ejdg swiche--swych #ejdh it--from ,c4 #ejea myte--myhte #ejeb willen putte--wollen putten names--names #ejec soely--sothly #ejed worlde--world #ejee owen--owne #ejef soely--sothly #ejeg al-wey--al-weys #ejeh alle--al moeuement--moeuement #ejfc enke--thinken avisen--auyse #ejfd whiche--which alle--alle ,headnote3 ,,definition ,,of ,,prescience4 but ou shalt demen it more rytfully at it is science of presence or of instaunce at neuer ne fayle4 ,sidenote3 ,therefore foreknowledge is not so applicable a term as providence--for ,god looks down upon all things from the summit of the universe4 for whiche it nis nat ycleped prouidence but it sholde raer #ejfh be cleped purueaunce at is establissed ful fer fro ryt lowe inges4 and byholde from a-fer alle inges ryt as it were fro e heye heyte of inges4 ,sidenote3 ,do you think that ,god imposes a necessity on things by beholding them8 ,it is not so in human affairs4 whi axest ou an or why disputest ou an at ilke inges ben don by #ejgb necessite whiche at ben yseyen and yknowen by e deuyne syt4 syn at for soe men ne maken nat ilke inges necessarie4 whiche at ei seen be ydoon in hire syt4 ,sidenote3 ,does your view of an action lay any necessity upon it8 for addi i byholdynge any necessite to ilke #ejgf inges at ou byholdest present4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,no4 ,nay quod ,i4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,by parity of reason it is clear that whilst you see only some things in a limited instant1 ,god sees all things in his ever-present time4 p4 ,certys an yif men myte maken any digne comparisoun or collacioun of e presence diuine4 and of e pre of mankynde4 ryt so as e seen somme inges in is #ejhj temporel presente4 ryt so see god alle inges by hys eterne present4 ,sidenote3 ,his ,divine prescience therefore does not change the nature of things--but only beholds those things as present to him which shall in time be produced4 wherfore is dyuyne prescience ne chaunge nat e nature ne e proprete of inges but byholde swyche inges present to hym ward4 as ei #ejhd shollen bytiden to ow ward in tyme to come4 ,sidenote3 ,nor does he judge confusedly of them1 but knows at one view what will necessarily and what will not necessarily happen4 ne it ne confounde nat e ,iugement of inges but by of syt of hys out he knowe e inges to comen as wel necessarie as nat necessarie4 ryt so as whan e seen togidre #ejhh a man walke on e ere and e sonne arysen in the heuene4 al be it so at e seen and byholden at oon and at oer to-gidre4 it naeles e demen and pg #age discerne at at oon is uoluntarie and at oer is necessarie4 #ejib ,linenotes3 #ejff shalt--shal it--from ,c4 #ejfh whiche--which #ejgd-gf syt--syhte #ejge whiche--which ei--they #ejhe come--comyn #ejhf of syt--,o syhte #ejhg he knowe--,,ms4 repeats #ejij the--from ,c4 #ejib discerne--discernen ,headnote3 ,,the ,,nature ,,of ,,divine ,,prescience4 ,sidenote3 ,the eye of ,god1 seeing all things1 doth not alter the properties of things1 for everything is present to him1 though its temporal event is future4 ,ryt so an the deuyne lokynge byholdynge alle inges vndir hym ne trouble nat e qualite of inges at ben certeynely present to hym ward4 but as to e condicioun of tyme for soe ei ben future4 #ejif ,sidenote3 ,when ,god knows that anything is to be1 he knows at the same time that it is not under the necessity of being--but this is not conjecture1 but certain knowledge founded upon truth4 for whiche it folwi at is nis non oppinioun4 but raer a stedfast knowyng ystrengeed by soenes4 at whan at god knowe any inge to be he ne vnwoot nat at ilke inge wante necessite to be4 is is to seyn at #eajj whan at god knowe any inge to bitide4 he woot wel at it ne ha no necessite to bitide4 ,sidenote3 ,if you insist that what ,god foresees shall and must happen2 and that which cannot do otherwise than happen1 must needs happen1 and so bind me to admit a necessity1 ,i must confess that things are under such a restraint2 but it is a truth that we scarce can comprehend1 unless we be acquainted with the ,divine counsels4 and yif ou seist here at ilke inge at god see to bytide it ne may nat vnbytide4 as who sei it mot bitide4 and ilke #eajd inge at at ne may nat vnbytide it mot bitide by necessite4 and at ou streine me to is name of necessite4 certys ,i wol wel confessen and byknowe a inge of ful sadde troue4 but vnne shal ere any wyt mowe #eajh seen it or comen er-to4 but yif at he be byholder of e deuyne oute4 ,sidenote3 ,for ,i will answer you thus4 ,that the thing which is to happen in relation to the ,divine knowledge is necessary2 but1 considered in its own nature1 seems free and absolute4 for ,i wol answere e us4 at ilke inge at is future whan it is referred to e deuyne #eaaa knowyng an is it necessarie4 but certys whan it is vndirstonden in hys owen kynde men sen it is vtterly fre and absolut from alle necessite4 ,sidenote3 ,there are two kinds of necessity--one simple2 as men must necessarily die--the other is conditional1 as if you know a man walks he must necessarily walk--for that which is known cannot be otherwise than what it is apprehended to be4 for certys er ben two maneres of necessites4 at oon necessite is symple as us4 at it byhoue by necessite at alle men be mortal #eaaf or dedely4 an oer necessite is condicionel as us4 yif ou wost at a man walki4 it byhoue by necessite at he walke4 ilke inge an at any wyt ha yknowe to be4 it ne may ben non oer weyes an he knowe it to be4 #eabj ,linenotes3 #ejic the--from ,c4 #ejig whiche--which #ejih stedfast--stidefast soenes--sothnesse #eajb ha--,,ms4 hae #eajd bitide--bide #eajh sadde--sad vnne--vnnethe mowe--from ,c4 #eaji comen--come #eaaj oute--thoght answere--answeren #eaac sen--,,ms4 sene1 ,c4 sen is--from ,c4 #eaag dedely--dedly #eaai ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,prescience ,,and ,,necessity4 ,sidenote3 ,but this condition does not infer the absolute necessity1 for the nature of the thing itself does not here constitute the necessity1 but the necessity arises from the conjunction of the condition4 but is condicioun ne drawe nat wi hir ilke necessite symple4 ,for certys is necessite condicionel4 e propre nature of it ne make it naut4 but e adieccioun pg #agf of e condicioun maki it4 ,sidenote3 ,no necessity compels a man to walk who does so willingly1 but it must be necessary that he walk when he does step forward4 for no necessite ne constreyne #eabd a man to gon _/ at goo by his propre wille4 al be it so at whan he goo at it is necessarie at he goo4 ,sidenote3 ,so everything that is present to the eye of ,providence must assuredly be1 although there is nothing in its own nature to constitute that necessity4 ,ryt on is same manere an4 yif at e purueaunce of god see any ing present4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #dj4 an mot ilke 99inge be #eabh by necessite4 al ou at it ne haue no necessite of hys owen nature4 ,sidenote3 ,since ,god beholds all future events proceeding from free-will as actually present--these events in relation to ,divine sight are necessary--yet in relation to themselves they are absolutely free4 but certys e futures at bytyden by fredom of arbitre god see hem alle to-gidre present4 ise inges an yif ei ben referred to e deuyne syt4 #eacb an ben ei maked necessarie to e condicioun of e deuyne knowynge4 but certys yif ilke inges ben considred by hem self ei ben absolut of necessite4 and ne forleten nat ne cesen nat of e liberte of hire owen #eacf nature4 ,sidenote3 ,all things which ,god foresees shall surely come to pass2 but some of these things proceed from free-will1 which although they happen1 an certys wi outen doute alle e ingus shollen be doon whiche at god woot by-forn at ei ben to comen4 but somme of hem comen and bitiden of free arbitre or of fre wille4 at al be it so at ei bytiden4 #eadj ,linenotes3 #eaba condicioun--from ,c41 ,,ms4 necessite #eabc naut--nat #eabe gon at--from ,c4 wille--wil #eabh mot--,,ms4 mote1 ,c4 mot #eaca present--present #eacb yif--from ,c4 syt--syhte #eacg wi outen--with-owte #each whiche--which #eaci somme--som #eadj free--from ,c4 ,headnote3 ,,providence ,,and ,,human ,,intentions4 ,sidenote3 yet do not thereby change their nature1 as before they happened they had it in their power not to happen4 it algates ne lese ei nat hire propre nature ne beynge4 by e whiche first or at ei were doon ei hadden power nat to han bitidd4 ,sidenote3 ,but it is a thing of no moment then1 whether things are necessary in their own nature or not1 since by the condition of the ,divine knowledge they fell out as if they were necessitated4 ,boece4 what is is to seyn an quod ,i4 at inges ne ben nat necessarie by #eadd hire propre nature4 so as ei comen in alle maneres in e lykenesse of necessite by e condicioun of e deuyne science4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,the difference is explained in the instances lately given you1 of the man walking1 c4 ,philosophie4 is is e difference quod she4 at o inges at ,i purposede e a litel here byforn4 at #eadh is to seyn e sonne arysynge and e man walkynge at erwhiles at ilke inges ben ydon4 ei ne myten nat ben vndon4 ,sidenote3 ,the event of the former was necessary before it befell1 whereas that of the latter was altogether free4 naeles at oon of hem or it was ydon it byhouede by necessite at it was ydon4 but nat at #eaeb oer4 ryt so it is here at e inges at god ha present4 wi outen doute ei shulle ben4 but somme of hem descendi pg #agg of e nature of inges as e sonne arysynge4 and somme descendi of e power of e doers as e man #eaef walkynge4 ,sidenote3 ,b4 ,then ,i did not go from the truth when ,i said that some things referred to the ,divine knowledge are necessary1 while considered in themselves they are not under the bond of necessity4 an seide ,i4 no wronge at yif at ise inges ben referred to e deuyne knowynge an ben ei necessarie4 and yif ei ben considered by hem selfe an ben ei absolut from e bonde of necessite4 ,sidenote3 ,in the same way everything that is an object of sense is general when considered in relation to reason--but particular when considered by itself4 ryt so as #eafj alle inges at appiere or shewe to e wittes yif ou referre it to resoun it is vniuersel4 and yif ou referre it or looke it to it self4 an is it synguler4 ,sidenote3 ,but you may say--,if ,i am able to change my purpose ,i can deceive providence by changing that which she hath foreseen ,i would do4 but now yif ou seist us at yif it be in my power to chaunge #eafd my purpose4 an shal ,i voide e purueaunce of god4 whan at perauenture ,i shal han chaunged o inges at he knowe byforn4 an shal ,i answere e us ,linenotes3 #eada ne 7#b7--;,c4 in #eadb whiche--which were doon--weeryn ,idoon #eadc bitidd--,,ms4 bitidde1 ,c4 bityd #eadh purposede--purposede #eaej ydon--,,ms4 ydone1 ,c4 ,i-doon myten--myhte #eaea vndon--,,ms4 vndone1 ,c4 vndoon #eaea-b ydon--,,ms4 ydone1 ,c4 ,i-doon #eaeb byhouede--houyd #eaec ha--,,ms4 hae #eaed wi outen--with-owte shulle--shollen #eaef doers--doeres #eaeg wronge--wrong #eaei selfe--self #eafj from--fro bonde--bond as--from ,c4 #eafc looke--loke #eaff o--the ,headnote3 ,,god',s ,,knowledge ,,fixed ,,and ,,unchanged4 ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,you may perhaps alter your purpose--but as providence takes note of your intentions1 you cannot deceive her2 for you cannot escape the divine prescience though you have the power1 through a free-will1 to vary and diversify your actions4 ,certys ou maist wel chaungen i purpos but for as #eafh mochel as e present soenesse of e deuyne purueaunce byholde at ou mayst chaungen i purpose4 and wheir ou wolt chaunge it or no4 and whider-ward at ou tourne it4 ou maist nat eschewen e deuyne #eagb prescience ryt as ou ne mayst nat fleen e syt of e present eye4 al ou at ou tourne i self by i fre wille in to dyuerse accioun4 ,sidenote3 ,but you may say--,shall the divine knowledge be changed according to the mutability of my disposition1 and the apprehensions of the ,deity fluctuated with my changing purposes8 ,but ou mayst seyn aeyne how shal it an be4 shal nat e dyuyne science #eagf ben chaunged by my disposicioun whan at ,i wol o ing now and now an oer4 and ilke prescience ne seme it nat to enterchaunge stoundes of knowynges4 as who sei4 ne shal it nat seme to vs at e deuyne #eahj prescience enterchaunge hys dyuers stoundes of knowynge4 so at it knowe somme tyme o ing and somme tyme e contrarie4 ,sidenote3 ,no1 indeed6 ,the view of the ,deity foreruns every future event1 and brings it back into the presence of his own knowledge1 which does not vary1 as you imagine1 to conform to your caprices1 but remaining fixed1 at once foresees and comprehends all your changes4 ,no for soe4 quod ,i for e deuyne syt renne to-forne and see alle futures and clepe hem aein #eahd and retourni hem to e presence of hys propre knowynge4 pg #agh ne he ne entrechaunge nat so as ou wenest e stoundes of forknowyng as now is now at4 but he ay dwellynge comi byforn and enbrace at o strook #eahh alle i mutaciouns4 ,sidenote3 ,this faculty of comprehending and seeing all things as present1 ,god does not receive from the issue of futurities1 but from the simplicity of his own nature4 and is presence to comprehenden and to sen alle inges4 god ne ha nat taken it of e bitydynge of inges forto come4 but of hys propre symplicite4 ,linenotes3 #eafi soenesse--sothnesse #eagj chaungen--chaunge #eagc syt--syhte #eage wille--wyl #eagg wol--wole #eagi enterchaunge--,,ms4 enterchaungyng1 ,c4 entrechaunge #eaha hys--hise #eahb somme 7#a7--sum somme 7#b7--som #eahc syt--syhte #eahd to-forne--to-forn #eahf so--from ,c4 #eahg as--from ,c4 #eahh comi--comth #eaij ha--,,ms4 hae ,headnote3 ,,an ,,answer ,,to ,,former ,,objections4 ,sidenote3 ,here1 then1 is an answer to your former objection--that it is folly to think that our future actions and events are the causes of the prescience of ,god4 and her by is assoiled ilke ing at ou #eaib puttest a litel her byforne4 at is to seyne at it is vnwori inge to seyn at oure futures euen cause of e science of god ,sidenote3 ,for the ,divine mind1 embracing and comprehending all things by a present knowledge1 plans and directs all things and is not dependent upon futurity4 ,sidenote3 99 fol4 #da b4 ,for certys 99is strenge of e deuyne science whiche at enbrace alle inge by his presentarie #eaif knowynge establisse manere to alle ingus and it ne awi nat to lattere inges4 ,sidenote3 ,since no necessity is imposed upon things by the ,divine prescience1 there remains to men an inviolable freedom of will4 and syn at ise inges ben us4 at is to seyn syn at necessite nis nat in inges by e deuyne prescience4 an is er fredom of #ebjj arbitre4 at dwelle hool and vnwemmed to mortal men4 ,sidenote3 ,and those laws are just which assign rewards and punishments to men possessing free-will4 ne e lawes ne purpose nat wikkedly meedes and peynes to e willynges of men at ben vnbounde and quit of alle necessite4 ,sidenote3 ,moreover1 ,god1 who sits on high1 foreknows all things1 and the eternal presence of his knowledge concurs with the future quality of our actions1 dispensing rewards to good and punishments to evil men4 ,and god byholder and forwiter of #ebjd alle inges dwelli aboue and e present eternite of hys syt renne alwey wi e dyuerse qualite of oure dedes dispensyng and ordeynynge medes to goode men4 and tourment to wicked men4 ,sidenote3 ,nor are our hopes and prayers reposed in1 and addressed to ,god in vain1 which when they are sincere cannot be inefficacious nor unsuccessful4 ne in ydel ne in veyn ne ben #ebjh er nat put in god hope and prayeres4 at ne mowen nat ben vnspedful ne wi oute effect whan ei ben rytful ,sidenote3 ,resist and turn from vice--honour and love virtue1 exalt your mind to ,god 7the truest hope71 offer up your prayers with humility4 wistond an and eschewe ou vices4 worshippe and loue ou vertus4 areise i corage to rytful hoopes4 #ebab elde ou humble preiers an heye4 ,sidenote3 ,if you are sincere you will feel that you are under an obligation to lead a good and virtuous life1 inasmuch as all your actions and works are done in the presence of an all-discerning ,judge4 grete necessite of prowesse and vertue is encharged and comaunded to ow yif e nil nat dissimulen4 ,syn at e worchen and doon4 at is to seyn oure dedes and oure workes #ebaf by-fore e eyen of e ,iuge at see and deme alle pg #agi inges4 ,to whom be goye and worshipe bi ,infynyt tymes _/ ,,amen4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,quintus4 ,,et ,,vltim,,us4 ,linenotes3 #eaic seyne--seyn #eaif whiche--which #eaih awi--oweth #eaii at is to----prescience--omitted #ebjc vnbounde--vnbownden quit--quite #ebjf syt--sihte #ebjg goode--goode #ebaa wistond--,,ms4 wistonde1 ,c4 withstond #ebac an heye--a heygh grete--,gret #ebae worchen--workyn #ebaf and 7#b7--or #ebag by-fore--by-forn #ebah ,to whom----,amen--from ,c42 ,,ms4 reads et cetera after #8inges4' ,c4 ends with the following rubric3 ,explicit expliceat ludere scriptor eat ,finito libro sit laus et gloria ,christo ,corpore scribentis sit gratia cunctipotentis pg #ahj ,headnote3 ,,tas ,,prima4 ,,appendix4 ,camb4 ,univ4 ,,ms4 ,ii4 #c4 #ba1 fol4 #eb b4 ,chawcer vp-on this fyfte metur of the second book ,a ,blysful lyf a paysyble and a swete ,ledden the poeples in the former age ,they helde hem paied of the fructes at ey ete ,whiche at the feldes yaue hem by vsage #d ,they ne weere nat forpampred with owtrage ,onknowyn was e quyerne and ek the melle ,they eten mast hawes and swych pownage ,and dronken water of the colde welle #h ,yit nas the grownd nat wownded with e plowh ,but corn vp-sprong vnsowe of mannes hond e which they gnodded and eete nat half 4,i4-nowh ,no man yit knewe the forwes of his lond #ab ,no man the fyr owt of the flynt yit fonde ,vn-koruen and vn-grobbed lay the vyne ,no man yit in the morter spices grond ,to clarre ne to sawse of galentyne #af ,no ,madyr welde or wod no litestere ,ne knewh _/ the fles was of is former hewe ,no flessh ne wyste offence of egge or spere ,no coyn ne knewh man which is fals or trewe #bj ,no ship yit karf the wawes grene and blewe ,no ,marchaunt yit ne fette owt-landissh ware ,no batails trompes for the werres folk ne knewe ,ne towres heye and walles rownde or square #bd ,what sholde it han avayled to werreye pg #aha ,ther lay no profyt ther was no rychesse ,sidenote3 fol4 #ec4 ,but corsed was the tyme 4,i4 dar wel seye at men fyrst dede hir swety bysynesse #bh ,to grobbe vp metal lurkynge in dirkenesse ,and in e ,ryuerys fyrst gemmys sowhte ,allas than sprong vp al the cursydnesse ,of coueytyse at fyrst owr sorwe browhte #cb ,thyse tyraunt put hem gladly nat in pres ,no places wyldnesse ne no busshes for to wynne ,ther pouerte is as seith diogenes ,ther as vitayle ek is so skars and thinne #cf at nat but mast or apples is ther ,inne ,but er as bagges ben and fat vitaile ,ther wol they gon and spare for no synne ,with al hir ost the ,cyte forto a-sayle #dj ,yit was no paleis chaumbres ne non halles ,in kaues and wodes softe and swete ,sleptin this blyssed folk with-owte walles ,on gras or leues in parfyt ,ioye reste and quiete #dd ,no down of fetheres ne no bleched shete ,was kyd to hem but in surte they slepte ,hir hertes weere al on with-owte galles ,euerych of hem his feith to oother kepte #dh ,vnforged was the hawberke and the plate e lambyssh poeple voyded of alle vyse ,hadden no fantesye to debate ,but eche of hem wolde oother wel cheryce #eb ,no pride non enuye non ,auaryce ,no lord no taylage by no tyranye ,vmblesse and pes good feith the emperice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ef ,yit was nat ,iuppiter the lykerous pg #ahb at fyrst was fadyr of delicasie ,come in this world ne nembroth desyrous ,to regne had nat maad his towres hye #fj ,allas allas now may men wepe ,and crye ,for in owre dayes nis but couetyse ,dowblenesse and tresoun and enuye ,poyson and manslawhtre and mordre in sondry wyse #fd ,linenotes3 #ci1 #dj ,,ms4 transposes the lines #dd ,on--,,ms4 ,or #ef ,a line omitted1 but no gap left for one4 ,headnote3 ,,balades ,,de ,,vilage ,,sanz ,,peinture4 ,,caus,,er _/ ,,balades ,,de ,,vilage ,,sanz ,,peint,,ur,e ,this wrecched worlde-is transmutacioun ,as wele _/ or wo _/ now poeere and now honour ,with-owten ordyr or wis descresyoun ,gouerned is by fortunes errour #d ,but natheles the lakke of hyr fauowr ,ne may nat don me syngen thowh ,i4 deye ,sidenote3 fol4 #ec b4 ,iay tout perdu moun temps et moun labour ,for fynaly fortune 4,i4 the deffye #h ,yit is me left the lyht of my resoun ,to knowen frend fro foo in thi merowr ,so mochel hath yit thy whirlynge vp and down ,i-tawht me for to knowe in an howr #ab ,but trewely no fors of thi reddowr ,to hym at ouer hym self hath the maystrye ,my suffysaunce shal be my socour ,for fynaly fortune ,i4 thee deffye #af ,o socrates ou stidfast chaumpyoun ,she neuer myhte be thi tormentowr ,thow neuer dreddest hyr oppressyoun ,ne in hyr chere fownde thow no sauour #bj ,thow knewe wel the deseyte of hyr colour ,and at hir moste worshipe is to lye ,i knew hir ek a fals dissimulour ,for fynaly fortune 4,i4 the deffye #bd pg #ahc ,,le ,,respou,n,,ce ,,de ,,fortune ,a ,,pleintif4 ,no man ys wrechchyd but hym self yt wene ,and he at hath hym self hat suffisaunce ,whi seysthow thanne y am to the so kene at hast thy self owt of my gouernaunce #bh ,sey thus graunt mercy of thyn haboundaunce ,that thow hast lent or this why wolt ou stryue ,what woost thow yit how y the wol auaunce ,and ek thow hast thy beste frende a-lyue #cb ,i haue the tawht deuisyoun by-twene ,frend of effect and frende of cowntenaunce ,the nedeth nat the galle of no hyene at cureth eyen derkyd for penaunce #cf ,now sest thow cleer at weere in ignoraunce ,yit halt thin ancre and yit thow mayst aryue ,ther bownte berth the keye of my substaunce ,and ek ou hast thy beste frende alyue #dj ,how manye haue 4,i4 refused to sustigne ,syn 4,i4 the fostred haue in thy plesaunce ,wolthow thanne make a statute on y quyene at 4,i4 shal ben ay at thy ordynaunce #dd ,thow born art in my regne of varyaunce ,abowte the wheel with oother most thow dryue ,my loore is bet than wikke is thi greuaunce ,and ek ou hast thy beste frende a-lyue #dh ,linenotes3 #cg sest--partly erased and ist written on it in a later hand4 #da igne of sustigne is in a later hand4 ,,le ,,respou,n,,ce ,,du ,,pleintif ,,cou,n,,tr,e ,,fortune4 ,sidenote3 fol4 #ed4 ,thy loore y dempne _/ it is aduersyte ,my frend maysthow nat reuen blynde goddesse at 4,i4 thy frendes knowe 4,i4 thanke to the ,tak hem agayn _/ lat hem go lye on presse #eb ,the negardye in kepynge hyr rychesse ,prenostik is thow wolt hir towr asayle ,wikke appetyt comth ay before sykenesse pg #ahd ,in general this rewle may nat fayle #ef ,,le ,,respou,n,,ce ,,de ,,fortune ,,cou,n,,tr,e ,,le ,,pleintif ,thow pynchest at my mutabylyte ,for 4,i4 the lente a drope of my rychesse ,and now me lykyth to with-drawe me ,whi sholdysthow my realte apresse #fj ,the see may ebbe and flowen moore or lesse ,the welkne hath myht to shyne reyne or hayle ,ryht so mot 4,i4 kythen my brutelnesse ,in general this rewle may nat fayle #fd ,,le ,,pleintif ,lo excussyoun of the maieste at al purueyeth of his ryhtwysnesse ,that same thinge fortune clepyn ye ,ye blynde beestys ful of lewednesse #fh ,the heuene hath proprete of sykyrnesse ,this world hath euer resteles trauayle ,thy laste day is ende of myn interesse ,in general this rewele may nat fayle #gb ,,lenuoy ,,de ,,fortune ,prynses 4,i4 prey yow of yowre gentilesses ,lat nat this man on me thus crye and pleyne ,and 4,i4 shal quyte yow yowre bysynesse ,at my requeste as thre of yow or tweyne #gf at but yow lest releue hym of hys peyne ,preyeth hys best frend of his noblesse ,that to som betere estat he may attayne 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,chaucer',s ,,text ,,only ,the following section contains the text alone of ,chaucer's translation of ,de ,consolatione ,philosophiae1 without the editor's annotations4 ,it is followed by the ,glossarial ,index4 ,,liber ,,primus4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,boicii ,,de ,,co,n,,solac,i,o,n,e ,,philosophie4 ,carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste ,metur4 ,allas ,i wepyng am constreined to bygynne vers of sorouful matere4 at whilom in florysching studie made delitable ditees4 ,for loo rendyng muses of poetes enditen to me inges to be writen4 and drery vers of wrecchednes weten my face wi verray teers4 ,at e leest no drede ne myte ouer-come o muses4 at ei ne weren felawes and folweden my wey4 at is to seyne when ,i was exiled4 ei at weren glorie of my youth whilom weleful and grene conforten now e sorouful werdes of me olde man4 for elde is comen vnwarly vpon me hasted by e harmes at ,i haue4 and sorou ha comaunded his age to be in me4 ,heeres hore ben schad ouertymelyche vpon myne heued4 and e slake skyn tremble vpon myn emty body4 ilke dee of men is welful at ne come not in eres at ben swete 74i4 mirie47 but come to wrecches often yclepid4 ,allas allas wi how deef an eere dee cruel tourne awey fro wrecches and naie to closen wepyng eyen4 ,while fortune vnfeiful fauorede me wi lyte goodes 74s4 temporels47 e sorouful houre at is to seyne e dee hadde almost dreynt myne heued4 ,but now for fortune clowdy ha chaunged hir disceyuable chere to me warde4 myn vnpitouse lijf drawe a long vnagreable dwellynges in me4 ,o e my frendes what or wherto auauntede e me to be weleful3 for he at ha fallen stood not in stedfast degree4 ,,hic ,,dum ,,mecum ,,tacitus4 ,sidenote3 ,the firste prose4 ,,in e mene while at ,i stille recordede ise inges wi my self4 and markede my wepli compleynte wi office of poyntel4 ,i saw stondyng aboue e heyt of my heued a woman of ful greet reuerence by semblaunt hir eyen brennyng and clere seing ouer e comune myt of men4 wi a lijfly colour and wi swiche vigoure and strenke at it ne myte not be emptid4 ,al were it so at sche was ful of so greet age4 at men ne wolde not trowe in no manere at sche were of oure elde4 e stature of hir was of a doutous iugement4 for sumtyme sche constreynede and schronk hir seluen lyche to e comune mesure of men4 and sumtyme it semede at sche touchede e heuene wi e heyte of hir heued4 and when sche hef hir heued heyer sche percede e selue heuene4 so at e syt of men lokyng was in ydel4 ,hir cloes weren maked of ryt delye redes and subtil crafte of perdurable matere4 e wyche cloes sche hadde wouen wi hir owen hondes3 as ,i knew wel aftir by hir selfe4 declaryng and schewyng to me e beaute4 e wiche cloes a derkenes of a forleten and dispised elde hadde duskid and dirkid as it is wont to dirken by-smoked ymages4 ,in e neereste hem or bordure of ese cloes men redden ywouen in swiche a gregkysche 4,p4 at signifie e lijf actif4 ,and abouen at lettre in e heyeste bordure a grekysche ,t4 at signifie e lijf contemplatif4 ,and by-twene ese two lettres ere weren seien degrees nobly wrout in manere of laddres4 ,by wyche degrees men myten clymbe fro e neemaste lettre to e ouermaste4 ,naeles hondes of sum men hadde korue at cloe by vyolence and by strenke4 ,and eueryche man of hem hadde born away syche peces as he myte geete4 ,and forsoe is forsaide woman ber bookes in hir ryt honde4 and in hir lefte honde sche ber a ceptre4 ,and when sche sau ese poetical muses aprochen aboute my bedde4 and endytyng wordes to my wepynges4 sche was a lytel ameued and glowede wi cruel eyen4 ,who quod sche ha suffred aprochen to is seeke man ise comune strumpetis of siche a place at men clepen e theatre4 e wyche only ne asswagen not his sorowes4 wi no remedies4 but ei wolde fede and norysche hem wi swete venym4 ,forsoe ise ben o at wi ornes and prykkynges of talent or affecciouns wiche at ben no ing frutefiyng nor profitable destroyen e cornes plenteuouse of frutes of reson4 ,for ei holden e hertes of men in usage4 but ei ne delyuere not folk fro maladye4 but if e muses hadde widrawen fro me wi oure flateries4 any vnkonnyng and vnprofitable man as men ben wont to fynde comunely amonges e peple4 ,i wolde wene suffre e lasse greuously4 ,for-why in syche an vnprofitable man myne ententes weren no ing endamaged4 ,but e widrawen me is man at ha ben norysched in studies or scoles of ,eleaticis and of achademicis in grece4 ,but go now raer awey e meremaydenes wyche ben swete til it be at e laste4 and suffre is man to be cured and heled by myne muses4 at is to say by notful sciences4 ,and us is compaygnie of muses ,i-blamed casten wroely e chere adounward to e ere and schewyng by redenesse hir schame ei passeden sorowfuly e reschefolde4 ,and ,i of whom e syt plonged in teres was derked so at ,i ne myte not knowe what at woman was of so imperial auctorite4 ,i wex al a-besid and astoned4 and caste my syt adoune in to e ere4 and bygan stille forto abide what sche wolde don afterwarde4 o come sche nere and sette hir doun vpon e vterreste corner of my bedde4 and sche byholdyng my chere at was cast to e ere heuy and greuous of wepyng4 compleinede wi ise wordes at ,i schal sey e perturbacioun of my out4 ,,heu ,q,,uam ,,precipiti ,,mersa ,,profundo4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;de ,metur4 ,allas how e out of man dreint in ouer rowyng depnesse dulle and forleti hys propre clerenesse4 myntynge to gone in to foreyne derknesses as ofte as hys anoious bisines wexi wi-outen mesure4 at is dryuen to and fro wi worldly wyndes4 is man at sumtyme was fre to whom e heuene was open and knowen and was wont to gone in heuenelyche paes4 and sau e lytnesse of e rede sunne4 and sau e sterres of e colde moone4 and wyche sterre in heuene vse wandryng risorses yflit by dyuerse speres4 is man ouer comere hadde comprehendid al is by noumbre4 of accountyng in astronomye4 ,and ouer is he was wont to seche e causes whennes e sounyng wyndes moeuen and bisien e smoe water of e see4 and what spirit turne e stable heuene4 and whi e sterre ryse oute of e reede eest4 to falle in e westren wawes4 and what attempri e lusty houres of e fyrste somer sesoun at hite and apparaile e ere wi rosene floures4 ,and who make at plenteuouse autumpne in fulle eres fleti wi heuy grapes4 ,and eke is man was wont to telle e dyuerses causes of nature at weren yhid4 ,allas now lie he emptid of lyt of hys out4 and hys nekke is pressid wi heuy cheynes and bere his chere enclined adoune for e greete weyt4 and is constreyned to loke on foule ere4 ,,set ,,medicine ,,inquit ,,tempus4 ,sidenote3 ,the ijde prose4 ,bvt tyme is now quod sche of medicine more en of compleynte4 ,forsoe en sche entendyng to me warde wi al e lokyng of hir eyen saide4 ,art not ou he quod sche at sumtyme ,i-norschid wi my mylke and fostred wi my meetes were ascaped and comen to corage of a perfit man4 ,certys ,i af e syche armures at if ou i self ne haddest first caste hem away4 ei schulden haue defendid e in sykernesse at may not be ouer-comen4 ,knowest ou me not4 ,why art ou stille4 is it for schame or for astonynge4 ,it were me leuer at it were for schame4 but it seme me at astonynge ha oppressed e4 ,and whan sche say me not oonly stille4 but wi-outen office of tonge and al doumbe4 sche leide hir honde softely vpon my brest and seide4 ,here nis no peril quod sche4 ,he is fallen in to a litargie4 whiche at is a comune sekenes to hertes at ben desceiued4 ,he ha a litel foreten hym self4 but certis he schal lytly remembren hym self4 if so be at he ha knowen me or now4 and at he may so done ,i wil wipe a litel hys eyen4 at ben derked by e cloude of mortel inges ise wordes seide sche4 and wi e lappe of hir garment yplitid in a frounce sche driede myn eyen at were ful of e wawes of my wepynges4 ,,tunc ,,me ,,discussa4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de ,metur4 us when at nyt was discussed and chased awey4 derknesses forleften me4 and to myn eyen repeyre aeyne her firste strenke4 and ryt by ensample as e sonne is hid when e sterres ben clustred4 at is to sey when sterres ben couered wi cloudes by a swifte wynde at hyt chorus4 and at e firmament stont derked by wete ploungy cloudes4 and at e sterres not apperen vpon heuene4 ,so at e nyt seme sprad vpon ere4 ,yif an e wynde at hyt borias sent out of e kaues of e contre of ,trace beti is nyt4 at is to seyn chasi it away and descouere e closed day4 an schine phebus yshaken wi sodeyne lyt and smyte wi hys bemes in meruelyng eyen4 ,,haut ,,aliter ,,tristicie4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de prose4 ,ryt so and none oer wyse e cloudes of sorowe dissolued and don awey4 ,i took heuene4 and receyuede mynde to knowe e face of my fyciscien4 ,so at ,i sette myne eyen on hir and festnede my lokyng4 ,i byholde my norice philosophie4 in whos houses ,i hadde conuersed and haunted fro my oue4 and ,i seide us4 ,o ou maistresse of alle uertues descendid fro e souereyne sete4 ,whi art ou comen in to is solitarie place of myn exil4 ,art ou comen for ou art mad coupable wi me of false blames4 ,o quod sche my norry scholde ,i forsake e now4 and scholde ,i not parte wi e by comune trauaille e charge at ou hast suffred for envie of my name4 ,certis it nare not leueful ne sittyng to philosophie to leten wi-outen compaignie e wey of hym at is innocent4 ,scholde ,i an redoute my blame and agrisen as ou er were byfallen a newe ing4 q4 d4 non4 ,for trowest ou at philosophi be now alerfirst assailed in perils by folk of wickede maneres4 ,haue ,i not stryuen wi ful greet strife in olde tyme byfore e age of my plato aeins e foolhardines of foly and eke e same plato lyuyng4 hys maistre socrates deseruede victorie of vnrytful dee in my presence4 e heritage of wyche socrates4 e heritage is to seyne e doctrine of e whiche socrates in hys oppinioun of felicite at ,i clepe welfulnesse ,whan at e people of epicuriens and stoyciens and many oer enforceden hem to go rauische eueryche man for his part at is to seyne4 at to eueryche of hem wolde drawen to e defence of his oppinioun e wordes of socrates4 ei as in partie of hir preye todrowen me criynge and debatyng er aeins4 and tornen and torenten my cloes at ,i hadde wouen wi myn handes4 and wi e cloutes at ei hadden arased oute of my cloes4 ei wenten awey wenyng at ,i hadde gon wi hem euery dele4 ,in whiche epicuryens and stoyciens4 for as myche as er semede somme traces and steppes of myne habit4 e folye of men wenyng o epicuryens and stoyciens my familers peruertede 74s4 persequendo7 somme oru e errour of e wikkede or vnkunnynge multitude of hem4 is is to seyne for ei semeden philosophres3 ei weren pursued to e dee and slayn4 ,so yif ou hast not knowen e exilynge of anaxogore4 ne e empoysenyng of socrates4 ne e tourment of eno for ei weren straungers4 it mytest ou haue knowen e senectiens and e ,canyos and e sorancis of wyche folk e renoun is neyer ouer oolde ne vnsolempne4 e whiche men no ing ellys ne broute hem to e dee but oonly for ei weren enfourmed of my maneres4 and semeden moste vnlyke to e studies of wicked folk4 ,and fori ou autest not to wondre ou at ,i in e bitter see of is lijf be fordryuen wi tempestes blowyng aboute4 in e whiche tempeste is is my most purpos at is to seyn to displese to wikkede men4 ,of whiche schrews al be e oost neuer so grete it is to dispyse4 for it nis gouerned wi no leder of resoune4 but it is rauysched only by flityng errour folyly and lytly4 ,and if ei somtyme makyng an ost aeynest vs assaile vs as strengere4 oure leder drawe to gedir hys rycchesse in to hys toure4 and ei ben ententif aboute sarpulers or sachels vnprofitable forto taken4 but we at ben hey abouen syker fro al tumulte and wode noise4 ben stored and enclosed in syche a palays4 whider as at chateryng or anoying folye ne may not attayne4 ,we scorne swiche rauiners and honters of fouleste inges4 ,,quisq,,ui,s ,,composito4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe ,metur4 ,who so it be at is clere of vertue sad and wel ordinat of lyuyng4 at ha put vnderfote e prowede wierdes and loki vpryt vpon eyer fortune4 he may holde hys chiere vndiscomfited4 e rage ne e manace of e commoeuyng or chasyng vpwarde hete fro e botme4 ne schal not moeue at man4 ne e vnstable mountaigne at hyt veseuus4 at wirche oute oru hys brokene chemineys smokyng fires4 ,ne e wey of onder lyt at is wont to smyte heye toures ne schal not mouene at man4 ,wherto en wrecches drede e tyrauntes at ben wode and felownes wi-outen ony strenke4 ,hope after no ing ne drede nat4 and so schalt ou desarmen e ire of ilke vnmyty tyraunt4 ,but who so at quakyng drede or desire ing at nis not stable of his ryt4 at man at so do ha cast awey hys schelde and is remoeued fro hys place4 and enlace hym in e cheyne wi whiche he may be drawen4 ,,sentis ,,ne ,,inquit4 ,sidenote3 ,the verthe prose4 ,f,elest ou quod sche ise inges and entren ei out in i corage4 ,art ou like an asse to e harpe4 ,whi wepest ou whi spillest ou teres4 ,yif ou abidest after helpe of i leche4 e byhoue discouere i wounde4 o 4,i4 at hadde gadered strenke in my corage answerede and seide4 and nede it itte quod 4,i4 of rehersyng or of amonicioun4 and schewe it not ynou by hym self e scharpnes of fortune at wexe woode aeynes me4 ,ne moeue it nat e to seen e face or e manere of is place 74i4 prisoun474 ,is is e librarie wyche at ou haddest chosen for a ryt certeyne sege to e in myne house4 ere as ou desputest ofte wi me of e sciences of inges touching diuinitee and touchyng mankynde4 ,was an myn habit swiche as it is now4 was an my face or my chere swiche as now4 ,interlinear3 quasi diceret non4 ,whan ,i soute wi e secretys of nature4 whan ou enfourmedest my maners and e resoun of al my lijf4 to e ensaumple of e ordre of heuene4 ,interlinear3 ironice ,is nat is e gerdoun at ,i refere to e to whom ,i haue be obeisaunt4 ,certis ou enfourmedist by e moue of plato is sentence4 at is to seyne at commune inges or comunabletes weren blysful yif ei at haden studied al fully to wisdom gouerneden ilke inges4 or ellys yif it so by-felle at e gouernours of communalites studieden in grete wisdomes4 ou saidest eke by e moue of e same plato at it was a necessarie cause wyse men to taken and desire e gouernaunce of comune inges4 for at e gouernementes of comune citees y-left in e hondes of felonous tourmentours ,citienis ne scholde not brynge inne pestilence and destruccioun to goode folk4 ,and erfore ,i folowynge ilk auctoritee 74s4 platonis74 desiryng to putte fure in execusioun and in acte of comune administracioun o inges at 4,i4 hadde lerned of e among my secre restyng whiles4 ou and god at putte ee in e outis of wise folk ben knowen wi me at no ing broute me to maistrie or dignite3 but e comune studie of al goodenes4 ,and er-of come it at by-twixen wikked folk and me han ben greuouse discordes4 at ne myten not be relesed by prayeres4 ,for is libertee ha fredom of conscience at e wrae of more myty folk ha alwey ben despised of me for saluacioun of ryt4 ,how ofte haue 4,i4 resisted and wistonde ilk man at hyte conigaste at made alwey assautes aeins e propre fortunes of poure feble folke4 ,how ofte haue 4,i4 itte put of4 or cast out hym trigwille prouost of e kynges hous boe of e wronges at he hadde bygonne to done and eke fully performed4 ,how ofte haue ,i couered and defended by e auctorite of me put aeins perils4 at is to seine put myne auctorite in peril for e wreched pore folke4 at e couetise of straungeres vnpunysched tourmentid alwey wi myseses and greuaunces oute of noumbre4 ,neuer man drow me itte fro ryt to wrong4 ,when ,i say e fortunes and e rychesse of e people of e prouinces ben harmed eyer by priue rauynes or by comune tributis or cariages4 as sory was ,i as ei at suffrede e harme4 ,glosa4 ,whan at theodoric e kyng of gothes in a dere ere hadde hys gerners ful of corne and comaundede at no man ne scholde bie no corne til his corne were solde and at at a dere greuous pris4 ,but ,i withstod at ordinaunce and ouer-com it knowyng al is e kyng hym self4 ,coempcioun at is to seyn comune achat or bying to-gidere at were establissed vpon poeple by swiche a manere imposicioun as who so boute a busshel corn he moste eue e kyng e fifte part4 ,textus4 ,whan it was in e soure hungry tyme ere was establissed or cried greuous and inplitable coempcioun at men seyn wel it schulde greetly tourmentyn and endamagen al e prouince of compaigne ,i took strif aeins e prouost of e pretorie for comune profit4 ,and e kyng knowyng of it ,i ouercom it so at e coempcioun ne was not axed ne took effect4 ,paulyn a counseiller of ,rome e rychesse of e whyche paulyn e houndys of e palays4 at is to seyn e officeres wolde han deuoured by hope and couetise it drow ,i hym out of e ,iowes 4s4 faucibus of hem at gapeden4 ,and for as myche as e peyne of e accusacioun aiuged byforn ne scholde not sodeynly henten ne punischen wrongfuly ,albyn a counseiller of ,rome4 ,i putte me aenis e hates and indignaciouns of e accusour ,ciprian4 ,is it not an ynought yseyn at ,i haue purchased greete discordes aeins my self4 but ,i aughte be more asseured aenis alle oer folk at for e loue of rytwisnesse 4,i4 ne reseruede neuer no ing to my self to hem ward of e kynges halle 4s4 officers4 by e whiche ,i were e more syker4 ,but oru e same accusours accusyng ,i am condempned4 ,of e noumbre of whiche accusours one basilius at somtyme was chased out of e kynges seruice4 is now compelled in accusyng of my name for nede of foreine moneye4 ,also opilion and ,gaudencius han accused me4 al be it so at e ,iustice regal hadde sumtyme demed hem boe to go in to exil4 for her treccheries and fraudes wi-outen noumbre4 ,to whiche iugement ei wolde not obeye4 but defendede hem by sykernesse of holy houses4 at is to seyne fledden in to seyntuaries4 and whan is was aperceiued to e kyng4 he comaundede but at ei voidede e citee of ,rauenne by certeyne day assigned at men scholde merken hem on e forheued wi an hoke of iren and chasen hem out of toune4 ,now what ing seme e myte be lykned to is cruelte4 ,for certys ilk same day was receyued e accusyng of my name by ilke same accusours4 ,what may be seid herto4 ha my studie and my konnyng deserued us4 or ellys e forseide dampnacioun of me4 made at hem rytful accusours or no 7q4d4 non74 ,was not fortune asshamed of is4 ,certes alle hadde nat fortune ben asshamyd at innocence was accused4 it aute sche haue had schame of e file of myn accusours4 ,but axest ou in somme of what gilt 4,i4 am accused4 men seyne at ,i wolde sauen e compaignie of e senatours4 ,and desirest ou to here in what manere 4,i4 am accused at ,i scholde han distourbed e accusour to beren lettres4 by whiche he scholde han maked e senatours gilty aeins e kynges ,real maieste4 ,o meistresse what demest ou of is4 schal 4,i4 forsake is blame at ,i ne be no schame to e 7q4 d4 non74 ,certis 4,i4 haue wold it4 at is to seyne e sauuacioun of e senat4 ne ,i schal neuer leten to wilne it4 and at ,i confesse and am a-knowe4 but e entent of e accusour to be destourbed schal cese4 ,for schal ,i clepe it a felonie an or a synne at ,i haue desired e sauuacioun of e ordre of e senat4 and certys it hadde ilk same senat don by me oru her decret and hire iugementys as ou it were a synne or a felonie at is to seyne to wilne e sauuacioun of hem 74s senatus74 ,but folye at lieth alwey to hym self may not chaunge e merit of inges4 ,ne 4,i4 trowe not by e iugement of socrates at it were leueful to me to hide e soe4 ne assente to lesynges4 ,but certys how so euer it be of is ,i putte it to gessen or preisen to e iugement of e and of wise folk4 ,of whiche ing al e ordinaunce and e soe for as moche as folk at ben to comen aftir oure dayes schollen knowen it4 ,i haue put it in scripture and remembraunce4 for touching e lettres falsly maked4 by whiche lettres ,i am accused to han hooped e fredom of ,rome4 ,what appertene me to speken er-of4 ,of whiche lettres e fraude hadde ben schewed apertly if ,i hadde had libertee forto han vsed and ben at e confessioun of myn accusours4 e whiche ing in alle nedys ha grete strenke4 ,for what oer fredom may men hopen4 ,certys ,i wolde at some oer fredom myte be hoped4 ,i wolde an haue answered by e wordes of a man at hyte ,canius4 for whan he was accused by ,gayus ,cesar ,germeins son at he 7canius7 was knowyng and consentyng of a coniuracioun maked aeins hym 74s4 ,gaius74 is ,canius answerede us4 ,yif ,i hadde wist it ou haddest not wist it4 ,in whiche ing sorwe ha not so dulled my witte at ,i pleyne oonly at schrewede folk apparailen folies aeins vertues4 ,but ,i wondre gretly how at ei may performe inges at ei hadde hoped forto done4 ,for why4 to wylne schrewednesse at come parauenture of oure defaute4 ,but it is lyke to a monstre and a meruaille4 ,how at in e present syt of god may ben acheued and performed swiche inges4 as euery felonous man ha conceyued in hys out aeins innocent4 ,for whiche ing oon of i familers not vnskilfully axed us4 if god is4 whennes comen wikkede inges4 and yif god ne is whennes comen goode inges4 but al hadde it ben leueful at felonous folk at now desiren e bloode and e dee of alle goode men4 and eke of al e senat han wilned to gone destroien me4 whom ei han seyn alwey batailen and defenden goode men and eke al e senat4 it hadde ,i not desserued of e fadres4 at is to seyne of e senatours at ei scholde wilne my destruccioun4 ou remembrest wele as ,i gesse at whan ,i wolde don or seyn any ing4 ou i self alwey present reweledest me4 ,at e citee of verone whan at e kyng gredy of comune slauter4 caste hym to transporten vpon al e ordre of e senat4 e gilt of his real maieste of e whiche gilt at albyn was accused4 wi how grete sykernesse of peril to me defendede ,i al e senat4 ou wost wel at ,i seide soe4 ne ,i auauntede me neuer in preysyng of my self4 ,for alwey when any wyt resceiue preciouse renoun in auauntyng hym self of hys werkes3 he amenusi e secre of hys conscience4 ,but now ou mayst wel seen to what ende ,i am comen for myne innocence4 ,i receiue peyne of fals felonie in gerdoun of verray vertue4 ,and what open confessioun of felonie hadde euer iugis so accordaunt in cruelte4 at is to seyne as myne accusyng ha4 at oer errour of mans witte or ellys condicioun of fortune at is vncerteyne to al mortal folk ne submyttede summe of hem4 at is to seyne at it ne cheynede summe iuge to han pitee or compassioun4 ,for al ou ,i hadde ben accused at ,i wolde brenne holy houses4 and strangle prestys wi wicked swerde4 or at 4,i4 hadde grayed dee to alle goode men algatis e sentence scholde han punysched me present confessed or conuict4 ,but now ,i am remewed fro e ,citee of rome almost fyue-hundre ousand pas4 ,i am wi outen defence dampned to proscripcioun and to e dee4 for e studie and bountees at ,i haue done to e senat4 ,but o wel ben ei wori of mercye 7as who sei nay47 er myte neuer it non of hem ben conuicte4 ,of swiche a blame as myn is of swiche trespas myn accusours seyen ful wel e dignitee4 e wiche dignite for ei wolde derken it wi medelyng of some felonye4 ei beren me on honde and lieden4 at ,i hadde polute and defouled my conscience wi sacrelege4 for couetise of dignite4 ,and certys ou i self at art plaunted in me chacedest oute e sege of my corage al couetise of mortal inges4 ne sacrilege ne hadde no leue to han a place in me byforne ine eyen4 ,for ou drouppedest euery day in myn eeres and in my out ilk comaundement of pictogoras4 at is to seyne men schal seruen to god4 and not to goddes4 ,ne it was no couenaunt ne no nede to taken helpe of e foulest spirites4 ,i at ou hast ordeyned or set in syche excellence at ou makedest me lyke to god4 and ouer is e ryt clene secre chaumbre of myn house4 at is to seye my wijf and e compaignie of myn honeste frendis4 and my wyues fadir as wel holy as wori to ben reuerenced oru hys owen dedis4 defenden me of al suspeccioun of syche blame4 ,but o malice4 ,for ei at accusen me taken of e philosophie feie of so grete blame4 ,for ei trowen at 4,i4 haue had affinite to malyfice or enchauntement by cause at ,i am replenissed and fulfilled wi i techynges4 and enformed of i maners4 ,and us it suffice not only at i reuerence ne auayle me not4 but if at ou of i fre wille raer be blemissed wi myne offensioun4 ,but certys to e harmes at ,i haue ere bytyde it is encrece of harme4 at e gessinge and e iugement of myche folk ne loken no ing to edesertys of inges but only to e auenture of fortune4 ,and iugen at only swiche inges ben purueied of god4 whiche at temporel welefulnesse commendi4 ,glosa4 ,as us at yif a wyt haue prosperite4 he is a good man and wori to haue at prosperite4 and who so ha aduersite he is a wikked man4 and god ha forsake hym4 and he is wori to haue at aduersite4 is is e opinioun of somme folke4 and er of come at good gessyng4 ,fyrste of al ing forsake wrecches certys it greue me to inke ryt now e dyuerse sentences at e poeple sei of me4 ,and us moche ,i seye at e laste charge of contrarious fortune is is4 at whan at ony blame is laid vpon a caytif4 men wenen at he ha deserued at he suffre4 ,and ,i at am put awey from goode men and despoiled from dignitees and defoulid of my name by gessyng haue suffred torment for my goode dedis4 ,certys me seme at ,i se e felonus couines of wikked men abounden in ioie and in gladnes4 ,and ,i se at euery lorel shapi hym to fynde oute newe fraudes forto accusen goode folke4 and ,i se at goode men ben ouerrowen for drede of my peril4 and euery luxurious tourmentour dar don alle felonie vnpunissed and ben excited erto by iftes4 and innocent ne ben not oonly despoiled of sykernesse but of defence and erfore me list to crien to god in is manere4 ,o ,,stelliferi ,,conditor ,,orbis4 ,sidenote3 ,the fifthe metur4 ,o ou maker of e whele at bere e sterres4 whiche at art fastned to i perdurable chayere4 and turnest e heuene wi a rauyssyng sweighe and constreinest e sterres to suffren i lawe4 ,so at e mone somtyme schynyng wi hir ful hornes metyng wi alle e bemes of e sonne4 ,hir broer hide e sterres at ben lasse4 and somtyme whan e mone pale wi hir derke hornes approche e sonne4 leesith hir lytes4 ,and at e euesterre esperus whiche at in e firste tyme of e nyt brynge fure hir colde arysynges come eft aeynes hir vsed cours4 and is pale by e morwe at e rysynge of e sonne4 and is an cleped lucifer4 ou restreinest e day by schorter dwellyng in e tyme of colde wynter at make e leues to falle4 ou diuidest e swifte tides of e nyt when e hote somer is comen4 i myt attempre o variaunt sesons of e ere4 so at epherus e deboneire wynde bringe aein in e firste somer sesoun e leues at e wynde at hyte boreas ha reft awey in autumpne4 at is to seyne in e laste eende of somer4 and e sedes at e sterre at hyt arcturus saw ben waxen heye cornes whan e sterre sirius eschaufe hym4 ere nis no ing vnbounde from hys olde lawe ne forlete hym of hys propre estat4 ,o ou gouernour gouernyng alle inges by certeyne ende4 why refusest ou oonly to gouerne e werkes of men by dewe manere4 ,whi suffrest ou at slidyng fortune turne to grete vtter chaungynges of inges4 so at anoious peyne at scholde duelly punisshe felouns punissit innocent4 ,and folk of wikkede maneres sitten in heie chaiers4 and anoienge folk treden and at vnrytfully in e nekkes of holy men4 ,and vertue clere and schynyng naturely is hid in dirke dirkenesses4 and e rytful man beri e blame and e peyne of e felowne4 ,ne e forsweryng ne e fraude couered and kembd wi a fals colour ne a-noye not to schrewes4 e whiche schrewes whan hem lyst to vsen her strenge ei reioisen hem to putten vndir hem e souerayne kynges4 whiche at poeple wiouten noumbre dreden4 ,o ou what so euer ou be at knyttest alle bondes of inges loke on ise wrecchede eres4 we men at ben nat a foule party but a faire party of so grete a werke we ben turmentid in e see of fortune4 ou gouernour widraw and restreyne e rauyssinge flodes and fastne and forme ise eres stable wi ilke bonde wi whiche ou gouernest e heuene at is so large4 ,,hic ,,ubi ,,continuato ,,dolore4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe prose4 ,whan ,i hadde wi a continuel sorwe sobbed or broken out ise inges sche wi hir chere peisible and no ing amoeued4 wi my compleyntes seide us4 whan ,i say e quod sche sorweful and wepyng ,i wiste on-one at ou were a wrecche and exiled4 but ,i wiste neuer how fer ine exile was3 if i tale ne hadde schewed it to me4 but certys al be ou fer fro i contre4 ou nart nat put out of it4 but ou hast fayled of i weye and gon amys4 and yif ou hast leuer forto wene an ou be put out of i contre4 an hast ou put oute i self raer en ony oer wyt ha4 ,for no wyt but i self ne myte neuer haue don at to e4 ,for if ou remembre of what contre ou art born4 it nis not gouerned by emperoures4 ne by gouernement of multitude4 as weren e contres of hem of athenes4 ,but o lorde and o kyng and at is god at is lorde of i contree4 whiche at reioise hym of e dwellyng of hys ,citeenis4 and not forto putte hem in exile4 ,of e whiche lorde it is a souerayne fredom to be gouerned by e bridel of hym and obeie to his iustice4 ,hast ou foreten ilke ryt olde lawe of i ,citee4 in e whiche ,citee it is ordeyned and establissed at what wyt at ha leuer founden er inne hys sete or hys house4 en ellys where3 he may not be exiled by no ryt fro at place4 ,for who so at is contened in-wi e paleis and the clos of ilke ,citee4 er nis no drede at he may deserue to ben exiled4 ,but who at lette e wille forto enhabite ere4 he forlete also to deserue to ben ,citeein of ilke ,citee4 ,so at ,i seye at e face of is place ne amoeue me nat so myche as ine owen face4 ,ne 4,i4 ne axe not raer e walles of i librarie apparailled and wrout wi yvory and wi glas an after e sete of i out4 ,in whiche ,i putte nat somtyme bookes4 but 4,i4 putte at at make bookes wori of pris or precious at is to sein e sentence of my books4 ,and certeinly of i decertes by-stowed in commune good4 ou hast seid soe but after e multitude of i goode dedys4 ou hast seid fewe4 and of e vnhonestee or falsnesse of inges at ben opposed aeins e4 ou hast remembred inges at ben knowe to alle folk4 and of e felonies and fraudes of ine accusours4 it seme e haue ,i-touched it forsoe rytfully and schortly4 ,al myten o same inges bettere and more plentiuousely be couth in e moue of e poeple at knowe al is4 ou hast eke blamed gretly and compleyned of e wrongful dede of e senat4 ,and ou hast sorwed for my blame4 and ou hast wepen for e damage of i renoune at is appaired4 and i laste sorwe eschaufed aeins fortune and compleinest at gerdouns ne ben not euenliche olde to e desertes of folk4 and in e lattre ende of i woode muse ou priedest at ilke pees at gouerne e heuene scholde gouerne e ere ,but for at many tribulaciouns of affecciouns han assailed e4 and sorwe and ,ire and wepyng todrawen ee dyuersely ,as ou art now feble of out4 mytyer remedies ne schullen not it touchen e for whiche we wile vsen somedel lyter medicines4 ,so at ilke passiouns at ben woxen harde in swellyng by perturbacioun folowyng in to i out mowen woxe esy and softe to receyuen e strenke of a more myty and more egre medicine by an esier touchyng4 ,,cu,m ,,phebi ,,radiis ,g,,ra,,ue ,,ca,n,c,r,i ,,sid,,us ,,enestuat4 ,sidenote3 ,the sixte metur4 ,whan at e heuy sterre of e cancre eschaufe by e beme of phebus4 at is to seyne whan at phebus e sonne is in e signe of e ,cancre4 ,who so eue an largely hys sedes to e feldes at refuse to receiuen hem4 lete hym gon bygyled of trust at he hadde to hys corn4 to acorns or okes4 yif ou wilt gadre violett4 ne go ou not to e purper wode whan e felde chirkynge agrise of colde by e felnesse of e wynde at hyt aquilon ,yif ou desirest or wolt vsen grapes ne seke ou nat wi a glotonus hande to streine and presse e stalkes of e vine in e first somer sesoun4 for bachus e god of wyne ha raer euen his iftes to autumpne e latter ende of somer4 ,god tokeni and assigne e tymes4 ablyng hem to her propre offices4 ,ne he ne suffre not stoundes whiche at hym self ha deuided and constreined to be medeled to gidre ,and fori he at forlete certeyne ordinaunce of doynge by ouerrowyng wey4 he ne ha no glade issue or ende of hys werkes4 ,,primu,m ,,igitur ,,pateris ,,rogacionib,,us4 ,sidenote3 ,the syxte prose4 ,f,irst wolt ou suffre me to touche and assaie e stat of i out by a fewe demaundes4 so at ,i may vnderstonde what be e manere of i curacioun4 ,axe me quod 4,i4 atte i wille what ou wilt4 and ,i schal answere4 o saide sche us4 wheer wenest ou quod sche at is worlde be gouerned by foolisshe happes and fortunes4 or elles wenest ou at er be in it any gouernement of resoun4 ,certes quod 4,i4 ne trowe not in no manere at so certeyne inges scholde be moeued by fortunouse fortune4 but ,i wot wel at god maker and mayster is gouernour of is werk4 ,ne neuer nas it day at myte putte me oute of e soenesse of at sentence4 ,so is it quod sche4 for e same ing songe ou a lytel here byforne and byweyledest and byweptest4 at only men weren put oute of e cure of god4 ,for of alle oer inges ou ne doutest nat at ei nere gouerned by reson4 but how 74i4 pape474 ,i wondre gretly certes whi at ou art seek4 sien ou art put in to so holesom a sentence4 but lat vs seken depper4 ,i coniecte at ere lakke ,i not what4 but sey me is4 sien at ou ne doutest nat at is worlde be gouerned by god wi swycche gouernailes takest ou hede at it is gouerned4 vnne quod 4,i4 knowe 4,i4 e sentence of i questioun4 so at ,i ne may nat it answeren to i demaundes4 ,i nas nat deceiued quod sche at ere ne faile sumwhat4 by whiche e maladie of perturbacioun is crept in to i out4 so as e strenge of e paleys schynyng is open4 ,but seye me is remembrest ou out what is e ende of i inges4 whider at e entencioun of al kynde tende4 ,i haue herd told it somtyme quod 4,i4 but drerynesse ha dulled my memorie4 ,certys quod sche ou wost wel whennes at alle inges ben comen and proceded4 ,i wot wel quod 4,i4 and ansewerede at god is e bygynnyng of al4 ,and how may is be quod sche at sien ou knowest e bygynnyng of inges4 at ou ne knowest not what is e endyng of inges4 but swiche ben e customes of perturbaciouns4 and is power ei han4 at ei may moeue a man fro hys place4 at is to seyne from e stablenes and perfeccioun of hys knowyng4 but certys ei may not al arace hym ne alyene hym in al4 ,but ,i wolde at ou woldest answere to is4 ,remembrest ou at ou art a man ,boice4 ,whi scholde ,i nat remembre at quod 4,i4 ,philosophie4 ,maiste ou not telle me an quod sche what ing is a man4 ,axest not me quod ,i4 wheir at be a resonable best mortel4 ,i wot wel and ,i confesse wel at ,i am it4 ,wistest ou neuer it at ou were ony oer ing quod she4 ,no quod 4,i4 now wot ,i quod she oer cause of i maladie and at ryt grete ou hast left forto knowe i self what ou art4 oru whiche ,i haue pleynelyche knowen e cause of i maladie4 or ellis e entre of recoueryng of in hele4 ,forwhy for ou art confounded wi foretyng of i self4 fori sorwest ou at ou art exiled of i propre goodes4 ,and for ou ne wost what is e ende of inges4 fori demest ou at felonous and wikked men ben myty and weleful for ou hast foreten by whiche gouernement e worlde is gouerned4 ,fori wenest ou at ise mutaciouns of fortune fleten wi outen gouernour4 ise ben grete causes not oonly to maladie4 but certes grete causes to dee ,but ,i anke e auctour and e makere of heele at nature ha not al forleten e4 and ,i haue grete norissinges of i hele4 and at is e soe sentence of gouernaunce of e worlde4 at ou byleuest at e gouernynge of it nis nat subgit ne vnderput to e folie of ise happes auenterouses4 but to e resoun of god ,and er fore doute e noing4 ,for of is litel spark ine heet of lijf schal shine4 ,but for as muche as it is not tyme itte of fastere remedies ,and e nature of outes disseiued is is at as ofte as ei casten aweye soe opyniouns3 ei cloen hem in false opiniouns4 of whiche false opyniouns e derknesse of perturbacioun wexe vp4 at comfounde e verray insyt4 and at derkenes schal 4,i4 say somwhat to maken inne and wayk by lyt and meenelyche remedies4 so at after at e derknes of desseyuynge desyrynges is don awey4 ou mowe knowe e schynyng of verray lyt4 ,,nubib,,us ,,atris ,,condita4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende ,metyr4 ,e sterres couered wi blake cloudes ne mowen geten a doun no lyt4 if e trouble wynde at hyt auster stormynge and walwyng e see medle e heete at is to seyne e boylyng vp from e botme e wawes at somtyme weren clere as glas and lyke to e faire bryte dayes wistant anon e sytes of men4 by e file and ordure at is resolued4 and e fletyng streme at royle doun dyuersely fro heye mountaignes is arestid and resisted ofte tyme by e encountrynge of a stoon at is departid and fallen from some roche4 ,and fori yif ou wilt loken and demen soe wi clere lyt4 and holde e weye wi a ryt pae4 ,weyue ou ioie4 drif fro e drede4 fleme ou hope4 ne lat no sorwe aproche4 at is to sein lat noon of ise four passiouns ouer come e4 or blynde e4 for cloudy and dirke is ilk out and bounde with bridles4 where as ise inges regnen4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,primus4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,secundus4 ,,postea ,,pau,,lisper ,,conticuit4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrst prose4 ,after is she stynte a litel4 and after at she hadde gadred by atempre stillenesse myn attencioun she seide us4 ,as who so myte seye us4 ,after ise inges she stynte a lytel4 and whanne she aperceiuede by atempre stillenesse at ,i was ententif to herkene hire4 she bygan to speke in is wyse4 ,yif ,i quod she haue vnderstonden and knowe vtterly e causes and e habit of i maladie4 ou languissed and art deffeted for talent and desijr of i raer fortune4 ,she at ilke fortune only at is chaunged as ou feinest to e ward4 ha peruerted e clerenesse and e astat of i corage4 ,i vnderstonde e felefolde colour and deceites of ilke merueillous monstre fortune4 and how she vse ful flatryng familarite wi hem at she enforce to bygyle4 so longe til at she confounde wi vnsuffreable sorwe hem at she ha left in despeir vnpurueyed4 and if ou remembrest wel e kynde e maners and e desert of ilke fortune4 ow shalt wel knowe as in hir ou neuer ne haddest ne hast ylost any fair ing4 ,but as ,i trowe ,i shal not gretly trauaile to don e remembren of ise inges4 ,for ou were wont to hurtlen and despysen hir wi manly wordes whan she was blaundissinge and presente and pursewedest hir wi sentences at were drawen oute of myne entre4 at is to seyne out of myn informacioun ,but no sudeyne mutacioun ne bytide nat wi outen a maner chaungyng of curages4 and so is it byfallen at ou art departed a litel fro e pees of i out4 but now is tyme at ou drynke and ataste some softe and delitable inges4 so at whan ei ben entred wi inne e4 it mow make weye to strenger drynkes of medycynes4 ,com nowe fure erfore e suasioun of swetnesse ,rethoryen4 whiche at go oonly e ryt wey whil she forsake not myne estatut4 ,and wi ,rethorice com fore musice a damoisel of oure house at synge now lyter moedes or prolaciouns now heuyer4 what ayle e man4 what is it at ha cast e in to murnyng and in to wepyng4 ,i trowe at ou hast sen some newe ing and uncoue4 ou wenest at fortune be chaunged aeins e ,but ou wenest wrong4 yif ou at wene4 ,alwey o ben hire maners4 she ha raer kept as to e ward hire propre stablenes in e chaungyng of hyre self4 ,ryt swyche was she whan she flaterede e4 and desseiuede e wi vnleueful lykynges of false welefulnesse4 ou hast now knowen and ataynt e doutous or double visage of ilke blynde goddesse fortune4 ,she at it couere hir and wymple hir to oer folk4 ha shewed hir euerydel to e4 if ou approuest hir and enkest at she is good4 vse hir maners and pleyne e nat4 ,and if ou agrisest hir false trecherie4 dispise and cast aweye hir at pleye so harmefully4 for she at is now cause of so myche sorwe to e4 sholde be to e cause of pees and of ioie4 she ha forsaken e forsoe4 e whiche at neuer man may be syker at she ne shal forsake hym4 ,glose4 ,but naeles some bookes han e text us4 ,for soe she ha forsaken e ne er nis no man syker at she ne ha not forsaken4 ,holdest ou an ilke welefulnesse preciouse to e at shal passen4 and is present fortune derwori to e4 whiche at nis not feiful forto dwelle4 and whan she go aweye at she brynge a wyt in sorwe ,for syn she may nat be wiholden at a mans wille4 she make hym a wrecche when she departe fro hym4 ,what oer ing is flitting fortune but a manere shewyng of wrycchednesse at is to comen4 ne it ne suffri nat oonly to loken of ing at is present byforne e eyen of man4 but wisdom loke and mesure e ende of inges4 and e same chaungyng from one to an oer4 at is to seyne fro aduersite to prosperite make at e manaces of fortune ne ben not forto dreden4 ne e flatrynges of hir to ben desired4 us atte e last it byhoue e to suffren wi euene wille in pacience al at is don inwi e floor of fortune4 at is to seyne in is worlde4 ,syen ou hast oones put i nekke vnder e okke of hir4 for if ou wilt write a lawe of wendyng and of dwellyng to fortune whiche at ou hast chosen frely to be i lady ,art ou nat wrongful in at and makest fortune wroe and aspere by in inpacience4 and it ou mayst not chaungen hir4 ,yif ou committest and bitakest i sayles to e wynde4 ou shalt be shouen not ider at ou woldest737 but whider at e wynde shoue e ,yif ou castest i seedes in e feldes ou sholdest haue in mynde at e eres ben oer while plenteuous and oer while bareyne4 ou hast bytaken iself to e gouernaunce of fortune4 and fori it byhoue e to ben obeisaunt to e manere of i lady4 and enforcest ou e to aresten or wistonden e swyftnesse and e sweyes of hir tournyng whele4 ,o ou fool of alle mortel fooles if fortune bygan to dwelle stable4 she cesede an to ben fortune4 ,,hec ,,cum ,,superba4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrst metur4 ,whan fortune wi a proude ryt hande ha turnid hir chaungyng stoundes she fare lyke e maners of e boillyng eurippe4 ,glose4 ,eurippe is an arme of e see at ebbith and flowi4 and somtyme e streme is on one syde and somtyme on at oer4 ,texte ,she cruel fortune kaste adoune kynges at somtyme weren ydred4 and she deceiuable enhaunseth vp e humble chere of hym at is discomfited4 and she neyer here ne recche of wrecchede wepynges4 and she is so harde at she laue and scorne e wepyng of hem e whiche she ha maked wepe wi hir free wille4 us she pleye and us she preue hir strenge and shewe a grete wondre to alle hir seruaunt4 ,yif at a wyt is seyn weleful and ouerrowe in an houre4 ,,vellem ,,aute,m ,,pauca4 ,sidenote3 ,the secunde prose4 ,c,ertis ,i wolde plete wi ee a fewe inges vsynge e wordes of fortune tak heede now i self4 yif at she axe ryt4 ,o ou man wher fore makest ou me gilty by ine euerydayes pleynynges4 what wronges haue ,i don e4 what goodes haue ,i byreft e at weren ine4 stryf or plete wi me by fore what iuge at ou wilt of e possessioun of rycchesse or of dignites ,and yif ou maist shewe me at euer any mortal man ha receyued any of ese inges to ben his in propre4 an wol ,i graunte frely at alle ilke inges weren ine whiche at ou axest4 ,whan at nature broute e fore out of i moder wombe4 ,i receyuede e naked and nedy of al ing4 and ,i norysshede e wi my rychesse4 and was redy and ententif oru my fauour to sustene e4 ,and at make e now inpacient aeins me4 and ,i envirounde e wi al e habundaunce and shinyng of al goodes at ben in my ryt4 ,now it lyke me to wi drawe myne hande4 ou hast had grace as he at ha vsed of foreyne goodes4 ou hast no ryt to pleyne e4 as ou ou haddest vtterly lorn alle i inges4 whi pleynest ou an4 ,i haue don e no wrong4 ,ricches honoures and swyche oer inges ben of my ryt4 ,my seruauntes knowen me for hir lady4 ei comen wi me and departen whan ,i wende4 ,i dar wel affermen hardyly4 at yif o inges of whiche ou pleynest at ou hast forlorn hadde ben ine4 ou ne haddest not lorn hem4 shal ,i an only be defended to vse my ryt4 ,certis it is leueful to e heuene to make clere dayes4 and after at to keuere e same dayes wi derke nytes4 e ere ha eke leue to apparaile e visage of e ere now with floures and now wi fruyt4 and to confounde hem somtyme wi raynes and wi coldes4 e see ha eke hys ryt to be somtyme calme and blaundyshing wi smoe water4 and somtyme to be horrible wi wawes and wi tempestes4 ,but e couetyse of men at may not be staunched shal it bynde me to be stedfast4 syn at stedfastnesse is vnkou to my maneres4 ,swyche is my strenge4 and is pley4 ,i pleye continuely4 ,i tourne e whirlyng whele wi e tournyng cercle ,i am glade to chaunge e lowest to e heyeste4 and e heyest to e loweste4 wore vp yif ou wilt4 so it be by is lawe4 at ou ne holde not at ,i do e wronge ou ou descende doun whanne resoun of my pleye axe it4 ,wost ou not how ,cresus kyng of lyndens of whiche kyng ,cirus was ful sore agast a litel byforne at is rewlyche ,cresus was caut of ,cirus and lad to e fijr to be brent4 but at a reyne descendede doun from heuene at rescowede hym ,and is it out of i mynde how at ,paulus consul of ,rome whan he hadde take e kyng of perciens weep pitously for e captiuitee of e selfe kyng4 ,what oer inges bywaylen e criinges of ,tragedies4 but only e dedes of fortune4 at wi an vnwar stroke ouerturne e realmes of grete nobley ,glose4 ,tragedie is to seyne a dite of a prosperite for a tyme at endi in wrechednesse4 ,lernedest nat ou in grek whan ou were onge at in e entre or in e seler of ,iuppiter er ben couched two tunnes4 at on is ful of good at oer is ful of harme4 ,what ryt hast ou to pleyne4 yif ou hast taken more plenteuously of e goode syde at is to seyne of my rycchesse and prosperites4 and what eke4 yif ,i be nat departed fro e4 ,what eke4 yif my mutabilitee iue e rytful cause of hope to han it better inges4 ,naeles desmaie e nat in i out4 and ou at art put in comune realme of alle3 ne desijre nat to lyue by ine oonly propre ryt4 ,,si ,q,,ua,,ntas ,,rapidis4 ,sidenote3 the secunde metur4 ,ou plentee at is goddesse of rycches hielde adoun wi ful horn4 and widrawe nat hir hand4 ,as many recches as e see turne vpwardes sandes whan it is moeued wi rauysshing blastes4 or ellys as many rycches as er shynen bryte sterres on heuene on e sterry nyt4 it for al at mankynde nolde not cesce to wope wrecchede pleyntes4 ,and al be it so at god receyue gladly her prayers and eue hem as ful large muche golde and apparaile coueytous folk wi noble or clere honours4 it seme hem haue ,i-gete noing4 but alwey her cruel ravyne deuourynge al at ei han geten shewi oer gapinges4 at is to seye gapen and desiren it after moo rycchesse4 ,what brideles myten wiholde to any certeyne ende e desordene coueitise of men ,whan euere e raer at it fleti in large iftis3 e more ay brenne in hem e rest of hauyng4 ,certis he at quakyng and dredeful wene hym seluen nedy4 he ne lyue neuere mo ryche4 ,,hiis ,,igitur ,,si ,,pro ,,se4 ,sidenote3 ,the thrydde prose4 erfore yif at fortune spake wi e for hir self in is manere4 ,for soe ou ne haddest nat what ou mytest answere4 and if ou hast any ing wherwi4 ou mayist rytfully tellen i compleynt4 ,it byhoue e to shewen it4 and 4,i4 wol eue e space to tellen it4 ,certeynely quod ,i an ise ben faire inges and enoyntid wi hony swetnesse of rethorike and musike4 and only while ei ben herd ei ben deliciouse4 ,but to wrecches is a deppere felyng of harme4 is is to seyn at wrecches felen e harmes at ei suffren more greuously an e remedies or e delites of ise wordes mowe gladen or comforten hem4 so at whan ise inges stynten forto soune in eres4 e sorwe at is inset greue e out4 ,ryt so is it quod she4 ,for ise ne ben it none remedies of i maladie4 but ei ben a manere norissinges of i sorwe it rebel aeyne i curacioun4 ,for whan at tyme is4 ,i shal moue swiche inges at percen hem self depe4 ,but naeles at ou shalt not wilne to leten i self a wrecche4 ,hast ou foreten e noumbre and e manere of i welefulnesse4 ,i holde me stille how at e souerayn men of e ,citee token e in cure and kepynge whan ou were orphelyn of fadir and modir4 and were chosen in affinite of princes of e ,citee4 ,and ou bygunne raer to ben leef and deere an#j forto ben a neybour4 e whiche ing is e most preciouse kynde of any propinquitee or aliaunce at may ben4 ,who is it at ne seide ou nere ryt weleful wi so grete a nobley of i fadres in lawe4 ,and wi e chastite of i wijf4 and wi e oportunite and noblesse of i masculyn children4 at is to seyne i sones and ouer al is me lyst to passe of comune inges4 ,how ou haddest in i out dignitees at weren warned to olde men4 but it delite me to comen now to e singuler vphepyng of i welefulnesse4 ,yif any fruyt of mortal inges may han any weyte or price of welefulnesse4 ,mytest ou euere foreten for any charge of harme at myte byfallen4 e remembraunce of ilke day at ou seye i two sones maked conseillers4 and ylad to gidre from in house vndir so gret assemble of senatours4 and vndir e blyenesse of poeple4 and whan ou saye hem sette in e court in her chaieres of dignites4 ou rethorien or pronouncere of kynges preysinges4 deseruedest glorie of wit and of eloquence4 whan ou sittyng bytwix i two sones conseillers in e place at hyt ,circo4 and fulfildest e abydyng of multitude of poeple at was sprad about e wi large praysynge and laude as men syngen in victories4 o aue ou wordes of fortune as ,i trowe4 at is to seyne4 o feffedest ou fortune wi glosynge wordes and desseiuedest hir4 whan she accoiede e and norsshede e as hir owen delices4 ou hast had of fortune a ifte at is to seyn swiche gerdoun at she neuere af to preue man ,wilt ou erfore leye a rekenyng wi fortune4 she ha now twynkeled first vpon e wi a wykked eye4 ,yif ou considere e noumbre and e manere of i blysses4 and of i sorwes4 ou maist nat forsake at ou nart it blysful4 ,for if ou erfore wenest i self nat weleful for inges at o semeden ioyful ben passed4 er nis nat whi ou sholdest wene i self a wrecche4 for inges at now semen soory passen also4 ,art ou now comen firste a sodeyne gest in to e shadowe or tabernacle of is lijf4 or trowest ou at any stedfastnesse be in mannis inges4 ,whan ofte a swifte houre dissolue e same man4 at is to seyne whan e soule departi fro e body4 ,for al ou at yelde is er any fei at fortunous inges willen dwelle4 it naeles e laste day of a mannis lijf is a manere dee to fortune4 and also to ilke at ha dwelt4 and erfore what wenist ou ar recche yif ou forlete hir in deynge or ellys at she fortune forlete e in fleenge awey4 ,,cum ,,primo ,,polo4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4iij4 ,metur4 ,whan phebus e sonne bygynne to spreden his clerenesse with rosene chariettes4 an e sterre ydimmyd pale hir white cheres4 by e flamus of e sonne at ouer come e sterre lyt4 is is to seyn whan e sonne is risen e day sterre wexi pale and lesi hir lyt for e grete brytnesse of e sonne4 ,whan e wode wexe redy of rosene floures in e first somer sesoun oru e bree of e wynde ,zephirus at wexe warme4 ,yif e cloudy wynde auster blowe felliche4 an go awey e fayrnesse of ornes4 ,ofte e see is clere and calme wioute moeuyng floodes4 ,and ofte e horrible wynde aquilon moeue boylyng tempestes and ouer whelwe e see4 ,yif e forme of is worlde is so eelde stable4 and yif it tourni by so many entrechaungynges4 wilt ou an trusten in e trublynge fortunes of men4 wilt ou trowen in flittyng goodes4 ,it is certeyne and establissed by lawe perdurable at no ing at is engendred nys stedfast no stable4 ,,tunc ,,ego ,,uera ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe prose4 ,anne seide ,i us4 ,o norice of alle uertues ou seist ful soe4 ,ne ,i may nat forsake e ryte swifte cours of my prosperitee4 at is to seine4 at prosperitee ne be comen to me wondir swiftly and soone4 but is is a ing at gretly smerti me whan it remembre me4 ,for in alle aduersitees of fortune e most vnsely kynde of contrariouse fortune is to han ben weleful4 ,but at ou quod she abaist us e tourment of i false opinioun at maist ou not rytfully blamen ne aretten to inges4 as who sei for ou hast itte many habundaunces of inges4 ,textus4 ,for al be it so at e ydel name of auenterouse welefulnesse moeue e now4 it is leueful at ou rekene with me of how manye inges ou hast it plentee4 ,and erfore yif at ilke ing at ou haddest for most precious in alle i rycchesse of fortune be kept to e by e grace of god vnwemmed and vndefouled4 ,mayst ou an pleyne rytfully vpon e myschief of fortune4 syn ou hast it i beste inges4 ,certys it lyue in goode poynt ilke precious honour of mankynde4 ,symacus i wyues fadir whiche at is a man maked al of sapience and of vertue4 e whiche man ou woldest bien redely wi e pris of in owen lijf4 he byweyle e wronges at men don to ee4 and not for hym self4 for he liue in sykernesse of any sentence put aeins him4 ,and it lyue i wif at is attempre of witte and passyng oer women in clennes of chastitee4 and for ,i wol closen shortly her bountes she is lyke to hir fadir4 ,i telle e welle at she lyue loo of hir life4 and kepi to ee oonly hir goost4 and is al maat and ouer-comen by wepyng and sorwe for desire of e ,in e whiche ing only ,i mot graunten at i welefulnesse is amenused4 ,what shal ,i seyn eke of i two sones conseillours of whiche as of children of hir age er shine e lyknesse of e witte of hir fadir and of hir eldefadir4 and sien e souereyn cure of alle mortel folke is to sauen hir owen lyues4 ,o how weleful art ou ou ou knowe i goodes4 ,but itte ben er inges dwellyng to e wardes at no man doute at ei ne ben more derwore to e en ine owen lijf4 ,and fori drie i teres for itte nys nat eueriche fortune al hateful to e warde4 ne ouer greet tempest ha nat it fallen vpon e4 whan at in ancres cliue faste at neier wole suffre e comfort of is tyme present4 ne e hope of tyme comynge to passen ne to fallen4 ,and ,i preie quod ,i at faste moten ei holden4 ,for whiles at ei halden4 how so euere at inges ben4 ,i shal wel fleten fure and eschapen4 ,but ou mayst wel seen how greete apparailes and aray at me lakke at ben passed awey fro me4 ,i haue sumwhat auaunced and forered e quod she4 if at ou anoie nat or forenke nat of al i fortune4 ,as who sei4 ,i haue somwhat comforted e so at ou tempest nat e us wi al i fortune4 syn ou hast it i beste inges4 ,but ,i may nat suffre in delices4 at pleinst so wepyng4 and anguissous for at oer lakke somwhat to i welefulnesse4 ,for what man is so sad or of so perfit welefulnesse4 at he ne stryue or pleyne on some half aeine e qualitee of his estat4 ,for whi ful anguissous ing is e condicioun of mans goodes4 ,for eyer it come al to gidre to a wyt4 or ellys it laste not perpetuely4 ,for som man ha grete rycchesse4 but he is asshamed of hys vngentil lynage4 and som man is renomed of noblesse of kynrede4 but he is enclosed in so grete angre for nede of inges4 at hym were leuer at he were vnknowe4 and som man habunde boe in rychesse and noblesse4 but it he bywaile hys chaste lijf4 for he ha no wijf4 and som man is wel and selily maried but he ha no children4 and norisshe his ricchesse to e heires of straunge folk4 ,and som man is gladded wi children4 but he wepi ful sory for e trespas of his son or of his doutir4 and for is er accorde no wyt lytly to e condicioun of his fortune4 for alwey to euery man ere is in mest somwhat at vnassaie he ne wot not or ellys he dredi at he ha assaied4 ,and adde is also at euery weleful man ha a wel delicat felyng4 ,so at but yif alle inges fallen at hys owen wille for he inpacient or is nat vsed to han none aduersitee4 an-oone he is rowe adone for euery lytel ing4 ,and ful lytel inges ben o at widrawen e somme or e perfeccioun of blisfulnesse fro hem at ben most fortunat4 ,how many men trowest ou wolde demen hem self to ben almost in heuene yif ei myten atteyne to e leeste partie of e remenaunt of i fortune4 is same place at ou clepist exil is contre to hem at enhabiten here4 and fori4 ,noing wrecched4 but whan ou wenest it ,as who sei4 ou i self ne no wyt ellys nys no wrecche but whan he wene hym self a wrecche by reputacioun of his corage4 ,,contraq,,ue4 ,and aeinewarde al fortune is blisful to a man by e agreablete or by e egalite of hym at suffre it4 ,what man is at4 at is so weleful at nolde chaungen his estat whan he ha lorn pacience4 e swetnesse of mannes welefulnesse is yspranid wi manye bitternesses4 e whiche welefulnesse al ou it seme swete and ioyeful to hym at vse it4 it may it not be wi-holden at it ne go away whan it wol4 an is it wel sen how wrecched is e blisfulnesse of mortel inges4 at neier it dwelli perpetuel wi hem at euery fortune receyuen agreablely or egaly4 ,ne it ne delite not in al4 to hem at ben anguissous4 ,o ye mortel folkes what seke e an blisfulnesse oute of oure self4 whiche at is put in oure self4 ,errour and folie confounde ow ,i shal shewe e shortly4 e poynt of souereyne blisfulnesse4 ,is er any ing to e more preciouse an i self ou wilt answere nay4 an if it so be at ou art myty ouer i self at is to seyn by tranquillitee of i soule4 an hast ou ing in i power at ou noldest neuer lesen4 ne fortune may nat by-nyme it e4 and at ou mayst knowe at blisfulnesse ne may nat standen in inges at ben fortunous and temperel4 ,now vndirstonde and gadir it to gidir us yif blisfulnesse be e souereyne goode of nature at liue by resoun ,ne ilke ing nis nat souereyne goode at may be taken awey in any wyse4 for more wori ing and more digne is ilke ing at may nat be taken awey4 an shewi it wele at e vnstablenesse of fortune may nat attayne to receyue verray blisfulnes4 ,and it more ouer4 ,what man at is toumblyng welefulnesse leedi4 eier he woot at it is chaungeable4 or ellis he woot it nat4 ,and yif he woot it not4 what blisful fortune may er be in e blyndenesse of ignoraunce4 and yif he woot at it is chaungeable4 he mot alwey ben adrad at he ne lese at ing4 at he ne doute nat but at he may leesen it4 ,as whoo sei he mot ben alwey agast lest he leese at he wot wel he may leese4 ,for whiche e continuel drede at he ha ne suffri hym nat to ben weleful4 ,or ellys yif he leese it he wene to be dispised and forleten hit4 ,certis eke at is a ful lytel goode at is born wi euene herte whan it is loost4 at is to seyne at men don no more force4 of e lost an of e hauynge4 ,and for as myche as ou i self art he to whom it ha ben shewid and proued by ful manye demonstraciouns4 as ,i woot wel at e soules of men ne mowen nat dien in no wise4 and eke syn it is clere4 and certeyne at fortunous welefulnesse endi by e dee of e body4 ,it may nat ben douted at yif at dee may take awey blysfulnesse at al e kynde of mortal ingus ne descendi in to wrecchednesse by e ende of e dee4 ,and syn we knowen wel at many a man ha sout e fruit of blisfulnesse nat only wi suffryng of dee4 but eke wi suffryng of peynes and tourmentes4 how myte an is present lijf make men blisful4 syn at whanne ilke selfe lijf is endid4 it ne make folk no wrecches4 ,,quisquis ,,uolet ,p,,er,,hennem ,,cautus4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe metur4 ,what maner man stable and war at wil founden hym a perdurable sete and ne wil not be cast doune wi e loude blastes of e wynde ,eurus4 and wil dispise e see manassynge wi floodes ,lat hym eschewe to bilde on e cop of e mountayngne4 or in e moyste sandes4 ,for e felle wynde auster tourmente e cop of e mountayngne wi alle his strenges4 and e lowe see sandes refuse to beren e heuy weyte4 and fori yif ou wolt flee e perilous auenture at is to seine of e worlde ,haue mynde certeynly to ficchyn i house of a myrie site in a lowe stoone4 ,for al ou e wynde troublyng e see ondre wi ouererowynges ou at art put in quiete and welful by strenge of i palys shalt leden a cleer age4 scornyng e wodenesses and e ,ires of e eir4 ,,set ,,cum ,,racionu,m ,,iam ,,in ,,te4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe prose4 ,but for as moche as e noryssinges of my resouns descenden now in to e4 ,i trowe it were tyme to vsen a litel strenger medicynes4 ,now vndirstonde here al were it so at e iftis of fortune nare nat brutel ne transitorie4 what is er in hem at may be ine in any tyme4 or ellis at it nys foule if at it be considered and lokid perfitely4 ,richesse ben ei preciouse by e nature of hem self4 or ellys by e nature of e4 ,what is most wori of rycchesse4 is it nat golde or myt of moneye assembled4 ,certis ilke golde and ilke moneye shine and eue better renoun to hem at dispenden it4 en to ilke folke at mokeren it4 ,for auarice make alwey mokeres to be hated4 and largesse make folke clere of renoun ,for syn at swiche ing as is transfered from o man to an oer ne may nat dwellen wi no man4 ,certis an is ilke moneye precious4 whan it is translated in to oer folk4 and stynte to ben had by vsage of large euyng of hym at ha euen it4 and also yif al e moneye at is ouer-al in e world were gadered toward o man4 it sholde maken al oer men to ben nedy as of at4 ,and certys a voys al hool at is to seyn wi-oute amenusynge fulfille to gyder e heryng of myche folke4 but ,certys oure rycchesse ne mowen nat passen vnto myche folk wi-oute amenussyng ,and whan ei ben apassed4 nedys ei maken hem pore at forgon e rycchesses4 ,o streite and nedy clepe ,i ise rycchesses4 syn at many folke ne may nat han it al4 ne al may it nat comen to on man wi-oute pouerte of al oer folke4 ,and e shynynge of gemmes at ,i clepe preciouse stones4 drawe it nat e eyen of folk in to hem warde4 at is to seyne for e beaute4 ,for certys yif er were beaute or bounte in shynyng of stones4 ilke clerenesse is of e stones hem self4 and nat of men4 ,for whiche ,i wondre gretly at men merueilen on swiche inges4 ,for whi what ing is it at yif it wante moeuyng and ioynture of soule and body at by ryt myte semen a faire creature to hym at ha a soule of resoun4 ,for al be it so at gemmes drawen to hem self a litel of e laste beaute of e worlde4 oru e entent of hir creatour and oru e distinccioun of hem self4 it for as myche as ei ben put vndir oure excellence4 ei han not desserued by no weye at e shullen merueylen on hem4 ,and e beaute of feeldes delite it nat mychel vnto ow4 ,boyce4 ,whi sholde it nat deliten vs4 syn at it is a ryt fayr porcioun of e ryt fair werk4 at is to seyn of is worlde4 ,and ryt so ben we gladed somtyme of e face of e see whan it is clere4 ,and also merueylen we on e heuene and on e sterres4 and on e sonne4 and on e mone4 ,philosophie4 ,apperteine quod she any of ilke inges to e4 whi darst ou glorifie e in e shynynge of any swiche inges4 ,art ou distingwed and embelised by e spryngyng floures of e first somer sesoun4 or swelli i plente in fruytes of somer4 whi art ou rauyshed wi ydel ioies4 why enbracest ou straunge goodes as ei weren ine4 ,fortune shal neuer maken at swiche inges ben ine at nature of inges maked foreyne fro e4 ,syche is at wi-outen doute e fruytes of e ere owen to ben on e norssinge of bestes4 ,and if ou wilt fulfille i nede after at it suffise to nature an is it no nede at ou seke after e superfluite of fortune4 ,for wi ful fewe inges and with ful lytel ing nature halt hire appaied4 and yif ou wilt achoken e fulfillyng of nature wi superfluites ,certys ilke inges at ou wilt resten or pouren in to nature shullen ben vnioyeful to e or ellis anoies4 ,wenest ou eke at it be a fair inge to shine wi dyuerse cloing4 of whiche cloing yif e beaute be agreable to loken vpon4 ,i wol merueylen on e nature of e matere of ilke cloes4 or ellys on e werkeman at wroute hem4 but al so a longe route of meyne4 maki at a blisful man4 e whiche seruauntes yif ei ben vicios of condiciouns it is a greet charge and a destruccioun to e house4 and a greet enmye to e lorde hym self ,and yif ei ben goode men how shal straunge or foreyne goodenes ben put in e noumbre of i rycchesse4 so at by alle ise forseide inges4 it is clerly shewed at neuer none of ilke inges at ou accoumptedest for in goodes nas nat i goode4 ,in e whiche inges yif er be no beaute to ben desired4 whi sholdest ou be sory yif ou leese hem4 or whi sholdest ou reioysen e to holden hem4 ,for if ei ben fair of hire owen kynde4 what appertene at to e4 for as wel sholde ei han ben faire by hem self4 ou ei weren departid from alle in rycchesse4 ,for-why faire ne precios ne weren ei nat4 for at ei comen amonges i rycchesse4 but for ei semeden fair and precious4 erfore ou haddest leuer rekene hem amonges i rycchesse4 but what desirest ou of fortune wi so greet a noyse and wi so greet a fare ,i trowe ou seke to dryue awey nede wi habundaunce of inges4 ,but certys it turne to ow al in e contrarie4 for whi certys it nedi of ful manye helpynges to kepen e dyuersite of preciouse ostelment4 and soe it is at of manye inges han ei nede at manye inges han4 and aeyneward of litel nedi hem at mesuren hir fille after e nede of kynde and nat after e outrage of couetyse ,is it an so at ye men ne han no propre goode4 ,i-set in ow4 ,for whiche e moten seken outwardes oure goodes in foreine and subgit inges4 ,so is an e condicioun of inges turned vpso doun4 at a man at is a devyne beest by merit of hys resoun4 inke at hym self nys neyer fair ne noble4 but if it be oru possessioun of ostelmentes4 at ne han no soules4 ,and certys al oer inges ben appaied of hire owen beautes4 but e men at ben semblable to god by oure resonable out desiren to apparaille oure excellent kynde of e loweste pinges4 ne e ne vndirstonde nat how gret a wrong e don to oure creatour4 for he wolde at man kynde were moost wori and noble of any oer erely inges4 and e resten adoun oure dignitees by-neen e loweste inges4 ,for if at al e good of euery ing be more preciouse an is ilk ing whos at e good is4 syn e demen at e fouleste inges ben oure goodes4 anne summytten e and putten oure self vndir o fouleste inges by oure estimacioun4 ,and certis is bitidi nat wi out oure desert4 ,for certys swiche is e condicioun of al man kynde at oonly whan it ha knowyng of it self4 an passe it in noblesse alle oer inges4 and whan it forleti e knowyng of it self4 an it is brout byneen alle beestes4 ,for-why alle oer leuynge beestes han of kynde to knowe not hem self4 but whan at men leten e knowyng of hem self4 it come hem of vice4 but how brode shewe e errour and e folie of ow men at wenen at ony ing may ben apparailled wi straunge apparaillement but for-soe at may nat be don4 for yif a wyt shyne wi inges at ben put to hym4 as us4 yif ilke inges shynen wi whiche a man is apparailled4 ,certis ilke inges ben commendid and preised wi whiche he is apparailled4 ,but naeles e ing at is couered and wrapped vndir at dwelle in his file4 and ,i denye at ilke ing be good at anoye hym at ha it4 ,gabbe ,i of is4 ou wolt seye nay4 ,certys rycchesse han anoyed ful ofte hem at han e rycchesse4 ,syn at euery wicked shrew and for hys wickednesse e more gredy aftir oer folkes rycchesse wher so euer it be in any place4 be it golde or precious stones4 and weni hym only most wori at ha hem ou an at so besy dredest now e swerde and e spere4 yif ou haddest entred in e pae of is lijf a voide wayfaryng man4 an woldest ou synge by-fore e eef4 ,as who sei a poure man at bere no rycchesse on hym by e weye4 may boldly synge byforne eues4 for he ha nat wher-of to ben robbed4 ,o preciouse and ryt clere is e blysfulnesse of mortal rycchesse4 at whan ou hast geten it4 an hast ou lorn i sykernesse4 ,,felix ,,in ,,miru,m ,,prior ,,etas4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe metur4 ,blysful was e first age of men4 ei helden hem apaied wi e metes at e trewe eres brouten fure4 ei ne destroyede ne desceyuede not hem self wi outerage4 ei weren wont lytly to slaken her hunger at euene wi acornes of okes ei ne coue nat medle e ift of bacus to e clere hony4 at is to seyn4 ei coue make no piment of clarre4 ne ei coue nat medle e brite flies of e contre of siriens wi e venym of tirie4 is is to seyne4 ei coue nat dien white flies of sirien contre wi e blode of a manar shelfysshe4 at men fynden in tyrie4 wi whiche blode men deien purper4 ei slepen holesom slepes vpon e gras4 and dronken of e rynnyng watres4 and laien vndir e shadowe of e heye pyne trees4 ,ne no gest ne no straunger ne karf it e heye see wi oores or wi shippes4 ne ei ne hadden seyne itte none newe strondes to leden merchaundyse in to dyuerse contres4 o weren e cruel clariouns ful whist and ful stille4 ne blode yshed by egre hate ne hadde nat deied it armurers4 for wherto or whiche woodenesse of enmys wolde first moeuen armes4 whan ei seien cruel woundes ne none medes ben of blood yshad ,i wolde at oure tymes sholde turne aeyne to e oolde maneres4 ,but e anguissous loue of hauyng brenne in folke moore cruely an e fijr of e ,mountaigne of ,ethna at euer brenne4 ,allas what was he at first dalf vp e gobets or e weytys of gold couered vndir ere4 and e precious stones at wolden han ben hid4 he dalf vp precious perils4 at is to seyne at he at hem first vp dalf4 he dalf vp a precious peril4 for-whi4 for e preciousnesse of swyche ha many man ben in peril4 ,,quid ,,aute,m ,,de ,,dignitatib,,us ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the sixte prose4 ,but what shal ,i seyne of dignitees and of powers4 e whiche ye men at neier knowen verray dignitee ne verray power areysen hem as heye as e heuene4 e whiche dignitees and powers yif ei come to any wicked man ei don as greete damages and distruccioun as do e flamme of e ,mountaigne ,ethna whan e flamme wit walwi vp ne no deluge ne do so cruel harmes4 ,certys ye remembri wel as ,i trowe at ilke dignitee at men clepi e emperie of consulers e whiche at somtyme was bygynnyng of fredom4 oure eldres coueiteden to han don a-wey at dignitee for e pride of e conseilers4 ,and ryt for e same pride oure eldres byforne at tyme hadden don awey out of e ,citee of rome e kynges name4 at is to seien4 ei nolden haue no lenger no kyng ,but now yif so be at dignitees and powers ben euen to goode men4 e whiche ing is ful elde4 what agreable inges is er in o dignitees4 or powers4 but only e goodenes of folk at vsen hem4 ,and erfore it is us at honour ne come nat to vertue for cause of dignite4 but aeinward4 honour come to dignite by cause of vertue4 but whiche is oure derwore power at is so clere and so requerable ,o e erelyche bestes considere e nat ouer whiche ing at it seme at e han power4 ,now yif ou saye a mouse amongus oer myse at chalengede to hymself ward ryt and power ouer alle oer myse4 how gret scorne woldest ou han of hit4 ,glosa4 ,so fare it by men4 e body ha power ouer e body4 ,for yif ow loke wel vpon e body of a wyt what ing shalt ou fynde moore frele an is mannes kynde4 e whiche ben ful ofte slayn wi bytynge of smale flies4 or ellys wi e entryng of crepyng wormes in to e priuetees of mennes bodyes4 ,but wher shal men fynden any man at may exercen or haunten any ryt vpon an oer man but oonly vpon hys body4 or ellys vpon inges at ben lower en e body4 whiche ,i clepe fortunous possessiouns ,mayst ou euer haue any comaundement ouer a fre corage ,mayst ou remuen fro e estat of hys propre reste4 a out at is cleuyng to gider in hym self by stedfast resoun4 ,as somtyme a tiraunt wende to confounde a freeman of corage ,and wende to constreyne hym by tourment to maken hym dyscoueren and acusen folk at wisten of a coniuracioun4 whiche ,i clepe a confederacie at was cast aeins is tyraunt ,but is free man boot of hys owen tunge4 and cast it in e visage of ilke woode tyraunte4 ,so at e tourment at is tyraunt wende to han maked matere of cruelte4 is wyse man makede it matere of vertues4 ,but what ing is it at a man may don to an oer man4 at he ne may receyue e same ing of oer folke in hym self4 or us4 ,what may a man don to folk4 at folk ne may don hym e same4 ,i haue herd told of busirides at was wont to sleen hys gestes at herburghden in hys hous4 and he was slayn hym self of ercules at was hys gest ,regulus hadde taken in bataile many men of affrike4 and cast hem in to fetteres4 but sone after he moste iue hys handes to ben bounden with e cheynes of hem at he hadde somtyme ouercomen4 ,wenest ou an at he be myty4 at may nat don a ing4 at oer ne may don hym4 at he do to oer4 and it more ouer yif it so were at ise dignites or poweres hadden any propre or naturel goodnesse in hem self neuer nolden ei comen to shrewes4 ,for contrarious inges ne ben not wont to ben yfelawshiped togidres4 ,nature refuse at contrarious inges ben yioigned4 ,and so as ,i am in certeyne at ryt wikked folk han dignitees ofte tymes4 an shewe it wel at dignitees and powers ne ben not goode of hir owen kynde4 syn at ei suffren hem self to cleuen or ioynen hem to shrewes4 ,and certys e same ing may most digneliche ,iugen and seyen of alle e iftis of fortune at most plenteuously comen to shrewes4 ,of e whiche iftys ,i trowe at it aute ben considered at no man douti at he nis strong4 in whom he see strenge4 and in whom at swiftnesse is ,soe it is at he is swyfte4 ,also musyk make musiciens4 and fysik make phisiciens4 and rethorik rethoriens4 ,for whi e nature of euery ing maki his propretee4 ne it is nat entermedled wi e effectis of contrarious inges4 ,and as of wil it chase oute inges at to it ben contrarie ,but certys rycchesse may nat restreyne auarice vnstaunched ,ne power ne make nat a man myty ouer hym self4 whiche at vicious lustis holden destreined wi cheins at ne mowen nat ben vnbounden4 and dignitees at ben euen to shrewede folk nat oonly ne maki hem nat digne4 but it shewe raer al openly at ei ben vnwori and vndigne4 ,and whi is it us4 ,certis for e han ioye to clepen inges wi false names4 at beren hem al in e contrarie4 e whiche names ben ful ofte reproued by e effect of e same inges4 so at ise ilke rycchesse ne auten nat by ryt to ben cleped rycchesse4 ne whiche power ne aute not ben cleped power4 ne whiche dignitee ne aute nat ben cleped dignitee4 ,and at e laste ,i may conclude e same inge of al e iftes of fortune in whiche er nis no ing to ben desired4 ne at ha in hym self naturel bounte4 as it is ful wel sene4 for neyer ei ne ioygnen hem nat alwey to goode men4 ne maken hem alwey goode to whom ei ben y-ioigned4 ,,nouimus ,,quantos ,,dederat4 ,sidenote3 ,the sixte ,metur4 ,,we han wel knowen how many greete harmes and destrucciouns weren do by e ,emperoure ,nero4 ,he letee brenne e citee of ,rome and made slen e senatours4 and he cruel somtyme slou hys broer4 and he was maked moyst wi e blood of hys modir4 at is to seyn he let sleen and slitten e body of his modir to seen where he was conceiued4 and he lokede on euery half vpon hir colde dede body4 ne no tere ne wette his face4 but he was so hard herted at he myte ben domesman or ,iuge of hire dede beaute4 ,and itte neuereles gouernede is ,nero by ,ceptre al e peoples at phebus e sonne may seen comyng from his outerest arysyng til he hidde his bemes vndir e wawes4 at is to seyne4 he gouernede alle e peoples by ,ceptre imperial at e sonne go aboute from est to west ,and eke is ,nero goueyrende by ,ceptre4 alle e peoples at ben vndir e colde sterres at hyten e seuene triones4 is is to seyn he gouernede alle e poeples at ben vndir e parties of e nore4 ,and eke ,nero gouernede alle e poeples at e violent wynde ,nothus scorchi and baki e brennynge sandes by his drie hete4 at is to seyne4 alle e poeples in e soue4 but yit ne myhte nat al his heye power torne the woodnesse of this wykkyd nero _/ ,allas it is greuous fortune it is4 as ofte as wicked swerde is ioygned to cruel venym4 at is to sein4 venimous cruelte to lordshipe4 ,,tu,m ,,ego ,,scis ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende prose4 ,anne seide ,i us4 ou wost wel iself at e couetise of mortal inges ne hadden neuer lordshipe of me4 but ,i haue wel desired matere of inges to done4 as who sei4 ,i desirede to han matere of gouernaunce ouer comunalites4 ,for vertue stille ne sholde not elden4 at is to seyn4 at list at or he wex olde ,his uertue at lay now ful stille4 ne sholde nat perisshe vnexcercised in gouernaunce of comune4 ,for whiche men myten speke or writen of his goode gouernement4 ,philosophie4 ,for soe quod she4 and at is a ing at may drawen to gouernaunce swiche hertes as ben wori and noble of hir nature4 but naeles it may nat drawen or tollen swiche hertes as ben y-brout to e fulle perfeccioun of vertue4 at is to seyn couetyse of glorie and renoun to han wel administred e comune inges4 or doon goode decertes to profit of e comune4 for se now and considere how litel and how voide of al prise is ilke glorie4 ,certeine ing is as ou hast lerned by demonstracioun of astronomye at al e envyronynge of e ere aboute ne halt but e resoun of a prykke at regard of e gretnesse of heuene4 at is to seye4 at yif at er were maked comparisoun of e ere to e gretnesse of heuene4 men wolde ,iugen in alle at ere ne helde no space ,of e whiche litel regioun of is worlde e fere partie is enhabitid wi lyuyng beestes at we knowen4 as ou hast i self lerned by tholome at prouit it4 yif ou haddest wi drawen and abated in i oute fro ilke fere partie as myche space as e see and the mareys contenen and ouergon and as myche space as e regioun of droughte ouerstrecche4 at is to seye sandes and desertes wel vnne sholde er dwellen a ryt streite place to e habitacioun of men4 and e an at ben environed and closed wi inne e leeste prikke of ilk prikke enke e to manifesten oure renoun and don oure name to ben born fore4 but oure glorie at is so narwe and so streyt yrongen in to so litel boundes4 how myche conteine it in largesse and in greet doynge4 ,and also sette is er to at many a nacioun dyuerse of tonge and of maneres4 and eke of resoun of hir lyuyng ben enhabitid in e cloos of ilke litel habitacle4 ,to e whiche naciouns what for difficulte of weyes4 and what for diuersite of langages4 and what for defaute of vnusage entercomunynge of marchaundise4 nat only e names of singler men ne may nat strecchen4 but eke e fame of ,citees ne may nat strecchen4 ,at e laste ,certis in e tyme of ,marcus tulyus as hym self write in his book at e renoun of e comune of ,rome ne hadde nat itte passed ne cloumben ouer e mountaigne at hyt ,caucasus4 and itte was ilk tyme rome wel wexen and gretly redouted of e parthes4 and eke of oer folk enhabityng aboute4 ,sest ou nat an how streit and how compressed is ilke glorie at e trauailen aboute to shew and to multiplie4 ,may an e glorie of a singlere ,romeyne strecchen ider as e fame of e name of ,rome may nat clymben ne passen4 ,and eke sest ou nat at e maners of diuerse folk and eke hir lawes ben discordaunt amonge hem self4 so at ilke ing at sommen iugen wori of preysynge4 oer folk iugen at it is wori of torment4 and er of come at ou a man delite hym in preysyng of his renoun4 he ne may nat in no wise bryngen fure ne spreden his name to many manere peoples4 ,and erfore euery maner man aute to ben paied of hys glorie at is puplissed among hys owen neybores4 ,and ilke noble renoun shal be restreyned wi-inne e boundes of o maner folk but how many a man at was ful noble in his tyme4 ha e nedy and wrecched foretynge of writers put oute of mynde and don awey4 ,al be it so at certys ilke writynges profiten litel4 e whiche writynges longe and derke elde do aweye boe hem and eke her autours4 but e men semen to geten ow a perdurablete whan e enke at in tyme comyng oure fame shal lasten4 ,but naeles yif ou wilt maken comparisoun to e endeles space of eternite what ing hast ou by whiche ou maist reioysen e of long lastyng of i name4 ,for if er were maked comparysoun of e abidyng of a moment to ten ousand wynter4 for as myche as boe o spaces ben endid4 ,for it ha e moment some porcioun of hit al ou it a litel be4 ,but naeles ilke self noumbre of eres4 and eke as many eres as er to may be multiplied4 ne may nat certys be comparisound to e perdurablete at is eendeles4 ,for of inges at han ende may be mad comparisoun but of thinges that ben with-owtyn ende to thinges at han ende may be maked no comparysoun4 ,and for i is it al ou renoun of as longe tyme as euer e lyst to inken were out by e regard of eternite4 at is vnstauncheable and infinit4 it ne sholde nat oonly semen litel4 but pleinliche ryt nout4 ,but e men certys ne konne don no ing aryt4 but if it be for e audience of poeple4 and for ydel rumours4 and e forsaken e grete worinesse of conscience and of vertue4 and e seken oure gerdouns of e smale wordes of strange folke4 ,haue now here and vndirstonde in e lytnesse of whiche pride and veyne glorie4 how a man scornede festiualy and myrily swiche vanite4 somtyme ere was a man at hadde assaied wi striuyng wordes an oer man4 e whiche nat for vsage of verrey vertue4 but for proude veyne glorie hadde taken vpon hym falsly e name of a philosopher4 is raer man at ,i speke of oute he wolde assaye where he ilke were a philosopher or no4 at is to seyne yif he wolde han suffred lytly in pacience e wronges at weren don vnto hym4 is feinede philosophre took pacience a litel while4 and whan he hadde receiued wordes of outerage he as in stryuynge aeine and reioysynge of hym self seide at e laste ryt us4 vndirstondest ou nat at ,i am a philosophere4 at oer man answerede aein ful bityngly and seide4 ,i hadde wel vndirstonden yt4 yif ou haddest holden i tonge stille4 ,but what is it to ise noble wori men4 ,for certys of swyche folk speke 4,i4 at seken glorie wi vertue4 what is it quod she4 what atteini fame to swiche folk whan e body is resolued by e dee4 atte e laste4 ,for yif so be at men dien in al4 at is to seyne body and soule4 e whiche ing oure resoun defendi vs to byleuen anne is ere no glorie in no wyse4 ,for what sholde ilke glorie ben4 for he of whom is glorie is seid to be nis ryt nout in no wise4 and if e soule whiche at ha in it self science of goode werkes vnbounden fro e prisoun of e ere wende frely to e heuene4 dispise it nout an alle erely occupaciouns4 and beynge in heuene reioise at it is exempt from alle erely inges as wo seith _/ thanne rekketh the sowle of no glorye of renoun of this world4 ,,quicumq,,ue ,,solam ,,mente4 ,sidenote3 ,the #gth ,metre4 ,who so at wi ouerrowyng out only seke glorie of fame4 and weni at it be souereyne good ,lete hym loke vpon e brode shewyng contreys of e heuen4 and vpon e streite sete of is ere4 and he shal be ashamed of e encres of his name4 at may nat fulfille e litel compas of e ere4 ,o what coueiten proude folke to liften vpon hire nekkes in ydel and dedely ok of is worlde4 ,for al ou at renoune y-spradde passynge to ferne poeples go by dyuerse tonges4 and al ou grete houses and kynredes shyne wi clere titles of honours4 it naeles dee dispise al heye glorie of fame4 and dee wrappe to gidre e heye heuedes and e lowe and make egal and euene e heyeste to e loweste4 where wonen now e bones of trewe fabricius4 what is now brutus or stiern ,caton e inne fame it lastynge of hir ydel names is markid wi a fewe lettres4 but al ou we han knowen e faire wordes of e fames of hem4 it is nat euen to knowe hem at ben dede and consumpt4 ,liggi anne stille al vtterly vnknowable ne fame ne make ow nat knowe4 and yif e wene to lyuen e lenger for wynde of oure mortal name4 whan o cruel day shal rauyshe ow4 an is e secunde dee dwellyng in ow4 ,glosa4 e first dee he clepi here e departynge of e body and e soule4 and e secunde dee he clepe as here4 e styntynge of e renoune of fame4 ,,set ,,ne ,,me ,,inexorabile ,,contra4 ,sidenote3 ,the viij prose4 ,b,vt for-as-mochel as thow shalt nat wenen quod she at ,i bere vntretable batayle ayenis fortune _/_/ yit som-tyme it by-falleth at she desseyuable desserueth to han ryht good thank of men _/_/ ,and at is whan she hire self opneth _/ and whan she descouereth hir frownt _/ and sheweth hir maneres par-auenture yit vndirstondesthow nat at 4,i4 shal seye _/_/ it is a wondyr at 4,i4 desyre to telle _/ and forthi vnnethe may ,i4 vnpleyten my sentense with wordes for ,i4 deme at contraryos fortune profiteth more to men than fortune debonayre _/_/ ,for al-wey whan fortune semeth debonayre than she lyeth falsly in by-hetynge the hope of welefulnesse _/_/ but forsothe contraryos fortune is alwey sothfast _/ whan she sheweth hir self vnstable thorw hyr chaungynge _/_/ the amyable fortune desseyueth folk _/ the contrarye fortune techeth _/_/ the amyable fortune byndeth with the beaute of false goodys the hertes of folk at vsen hem _/ the contrarye fortune vnbyndeth hem by e knowynge of freele welefulnesse _/_/ the amyable fortune maysthow sen alwey wyndynge and flowynge _/ and euere mysknowynge of hir self _/_/ the contrarye fortune is a-tempre and restreynyd and wys thorw excersyse of hir aduersyte _/_/ at the laste amyable fortune with hir flaterynges draweth mys wandrynge men fro the souereyne good _/_/ the contraryos fortune ledith ofte folk ayein to sothfast goodes _/ and haleth hem ayein as with an hooke _/ weenesthow thanne at thow owhtest to leten this a lytel thing _/ at this aspre and horible fortune hath discoueryd to the _/ the thowhtes of thy trewe frendes _/_/ ,for-why this ilke fortune hath departyd and vncoueryd to the bothe the certeyn vysages and ek the dowtos visages of thy felawes _/_/ whan she departyd awey fro the _/ she took awey hyr frendes and lafte the thyne frendes _/_/ now whan thow were ryche and weleful as the semede _/ with how mochel woldesthow han bowht the fulle knowynge of this _/_/ at is to seyn the knowynge of thy verray freendes _/_/ now pleyne the nat thanne of ,rychesse 4,i4-lorn syn thow hast fowndyn the moste presyos kynde of ,rychesses at is to seyn thy verray frendes4 ,,quod ,,mu,n,,dus ,,stabili ,,fide4 ,sidenote3 ,the viij ,metur4 ,t,hat e world with stable feith _/ varieth acordable chaungynges _/_/ at the contraryos qualite of element holden amonge hem self aliaunce perdurable _/ at phebus the sonne with his goldene chariet _/ bryngeth forth the rosene day _/ at the mone hath commaundement ouer the nyhtes _/_/ whiche nyhtes hesperus the eue sterre hat browt _/_/ at e se gredy to flowen constreyneth with a certeyn ende hise floodes _/ so at it is nat leueful to strechche hise brode termes or bowndes vp-on the erthes _/_/ at is to seyn to couere alle the erthe _/_/ ,al this a-cordaunce of thinges is bownden with looue _/ at gouerneth erthe and see _/ and hath also commaundement to the heuenes _/ and yif this looue slakede the brydelis _/ alle thinges at now louen hem to gederes _/ wolden maken a batayle contynuely and stryuen to fordoon the fasoun of this worlde _/ the which they now leden in acordable feith by fayre moeuynges _/_/ this looue halt to gideres poeples ,ioygned with an hooly bond _/ and knytteth sacrement of maryages of chaste looues _/_/ ,and loue enditeth lawes to trewe felawes _/_/ ,o weleful weere mankynde _/ yif thilke loue at gouerneth heuene gouernede yowre corages _/ ,,explicit ,,lib,,er #bus4 ,,incipit ,,lib,,er #c4us ,,iam ,,cantu,m ,,illa ,,finierat4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste prose4 ,by this she hadde endid hire songe _/ whan the swetnesse of hire ditee hadde thorw perced me at was desirous of herkninge _/ and 4,i4 astoned hadde yit streyhte myn ,eres _/ at is to seyn to herkne the bet _/ what she wolde seye _/_/ so at a litel here after 4,i4 seyde thus _/_/ ,o thow at art souereyn comfort of ,angwissos corages _/_/ ,so thow hast remounted and norysshed me with the weyhte of thy sentenses and with delit of thy syngynge _/_/ so at 4,i4 trowe nat now at 4,i4 be vnparygal to the strokes of fortune _/ as who seyth4 ,i4 dar wel now suffren al the assautes of fortune and wel deffende me fro hyr _/_/ and tho remedies whyche at thow seydest hire byforn weren ryht sharpe ,nat oonly pat 4,i4 am nat agrysen of hem now _/_/ but 4,i4 desiros of herynge axe gretely to heeren tho remedyes _/_/ than seyde she thus _/_/ at feelede 4,i4 ful wel quod she _/_/ whan at thow ententyf and stylle rauysshedest my wordes _/_/ and 4,i4 abood til at thow haddest swych habyte of thy thowght as thow hast now _/_/ or elles tyl at 4,i4 my self hadde maked to the the same habyt _/ which at is a moore verray thinge _/_/ ,and certes the remenaunt of thinges at ben yit to seye _/ ben swyche _/_/ at fyrst whan men tasten hem they ben bytynge _/ but whan they ben resseyuyd with-inne a whyht than ben they swete _/_/ but for thow seyst at thow art so desirous to herkne hem _/_/ with how gret brennynge woldesthow glowen _/ yif thow wystest whyder 4,i4 wol leden the _/_/ whydyre is at quod 4,i4 _/_/ to thilke verray welefulnesse quod she _/_/ of whyche thynge herte dremeth _/_/ but for as moche as thy syhte is ocupied and distorbed _/ by ,imagynasyon of herthely thynges _/ thow mayst nat yit sen thilke selue welefulnesse _/_/ do quod 4,i4 and shewe me _/ what is thilke verray welefulnesse _/ 4,i4 preye the with-howte tarynge _/_/ at wole 4,i4 gladly don quod she _/ for the cause of the _/_/ but 4,i4 wol fyrst marken the by wordes _/ and ,i wol enforcen me to enformen the _/_/ thilke false cause of blysfulnesse at thow more knowest _/ so at whan thow hast fully by-holden thilke false goodes and torned thyne eyen to at oother syde _/ thow mowe knowe the clernesse of verray blysfulnesse _/_/ ,,qui ,,serere ,i,n,,genium4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrst metur4 ,who so wil sowe a felde plentiuous4 lat hym first delyuer it of ornes and kerue asondre wi his hooke e bushes and e ferne so at e corne may comen heuy of eres and of greins4 hony is e more swete yif moues han firste tastid sauoures at ben wikke4 e sterres shynen more agreably whan e wynde ,nothus leti his ploungy blastes4 and aftir at lucifer e day sterre ha chased awey e derke nyt4 e day e feirer ledi e rosene horse of e sonne4 ,ryt so ou byholdyng first e false goodes4 bygynne to widrawe i nekke fro e ok of erely affecciouns4 and afterwarde e verrey goodes shollen entre in to i corage4 ,,tunc ,,defixo ,,paululu,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;de prose4 ,o fastnede she a lytel e syt of hir eyen and widrow hir ryt as it were in to e streite sete of hir out4 and bygan to speke ryt us4 ,alle e cures quod she of mortal folk whiche at trauaylen hem in many manere studies gon certys by diuerse weies4 ,but naeles ei enforced hem to comen oonly to on ende of blisfulnesse ,and blysfulnesse is swiche a goode at who so ha geten it he ne may ouer at no ing more desiire4 and is ing for soe is e souereyne good at conteini in hym self al manere goodes4 to e whiche goode yif ere failede any ing4 it myte nat ben souereyne goode4 ,for an were ere som goode out of is ilke souereyne goode at myte ben desired4 ,now is it clere and certeyne an at blisfulnesse is a perfit estat by e congregacioun of alle goodes4 e whiche blisfulnesse as ,i haue seid alle mortal folke enforcen hem to geten by dyuerse weyes4 ,for-whi e couetise of verray goode is naturely y-plaunted in e hertys of men4 ,but e myswandryng errour mysledi hem in to false goodes4 of e whiche men some of hem wenen at souereygne goode is to lyue wi outen nede of any ing4 and traueilen hem to ben habundaunt of rycchesse4 and some oer men demen4 at souerein goode be forto be ryt digne of reuerences4 and enforcen hem to ben reuerenced among hir neybours4 by e honours at ei han ygeten and some folk er ben at halden at ryt heye power to be souereyn goode4 and enforcen hem forto regnen or ellys to ioignen hem to hem at regnen4 ,and it seme to some oer folk at noblesse of renoun be e souerein goode4 and hasten hem to geten glorious name by e artes of werre or of pees4 and many folke mesuren and gessen at souerein goode be ioye and gladnesse and wenen at it be ryt blisful thynge to ploungen hem in uoluptuous delit4 ,and er ben folk at enterchaungen e causes and e endes of ise forseide goodes as ei at desiren rycchesse to han power and delices4 ,or ellis ei desiren power forto han moneye or for cause of renoun4 ,in ise inges and in swyche oer inges is tourned al e entencioun of desirynges and of werkes of men4 ,as us4 ,noblesse and fauour of poeple whiche at iue as it seme a manere clernesse of renoun4 and wijf and children at men desiren for cause of delit and mirinesse4 ,but forsoe frendes ne shollen nat ben rekkened among e goodes of fortune but of vertue4 for it is a ful holy manere ing4 alle ise oer inges forsoe ben taken for cause of power4 or ellis for cause of delit4 ,certis now am ,i redy to referen e goodes of e body to ise forseide inges abouen4 ,for it seme at strenge and gretnesse of body euen power and worinesse4 and at beaute and swiftenesse euen noblesse and glorie of renoun4 and hele of body seme iuen delit4 ,in alle ise ingus it seme oonly at blisfulnesse is desired4 ,for-whi ilke ing at euery man desire moost ouer alle inges4 he demi at be e souereyne goode4 ,but ,i haue diffined at blisfulnesse is e souereyne goode4 for whiche euery wyt demi at ilke estat at he desire ouer alle inges at it be e blisfulnesse4 ,now hast ou an byforne thy eyen almost al e purposed forme of e welfulnesse of mankynde4 at is to seyne rycchesse4 honours4 power4 glorie4 and delit4 e whiche delit oonly considered ,epicurus ,iuged and establissed4 at delit is e souereyne goode4 for as myche as alle oer inges as hym oute by-refte awey ioie and myre from e herte4 ,but ,i retourne aeyne to e studies of meen4 of whiche men e corage alwey rehersi and seeke e souereyne goode of alle be it so at it be wi a derke memorie but he not by whiche paath4 ,ryt as a dronke man not nat by whiche pae he may retourne home to hys house4 ,seme it anne at folk folyen and erren at enforcen hem to haue nede of no ing ,certys er nys non oer ing at may so weel perfourny blisfulnesse as an estat plenteuous of alle goodes at ne ha nede of none oer ing4 but at it is suffisant of hym self4 vnto hym self4 and foleyen swyche folk anne4 at wenen at ilk ing at is ryt goode4 at it be eke ryt wori of honour and of reuerence4 ,certis nay4 for at ing nys neyer foule ne wori to ben dispised at al e entencioun of mortel folke trauaille forto geten it4 ,and power aute nat at eke to be rekened amonges goodes what ellis4 for it nys nat to wene at ilke ing at is most wori of alle inges be feble and wi out strenge and clernesse of renoun aute at to ben dispised4 ,certys er may no man forsake at al ing at is ryt excellent and noble4 at it ne seme to be ryt clere and renomed4 ,for certis it nedi nat to seie4 at blisfulnesse be anguissous ne dreri ne subgit to greuances ne to sorwes4 syn at in ryt litel ingus folk seken to haue and to vsen at may deliten hem4 ,certys ise ben e inges at men wolen and desyren to geten4 and for is cause desiren ei rycches4 dignites4 regnes4 glorie and delices ,for erby wenen ei to han suffisaunce honour power4 renoun and gladnesse4 anne is it goode4 at men seken us by so many dyuerse studies4 ,in whiche desijr it may lytly be shewed4 how grete is e strenge of nature4 ,for how so at men han dyuerse sentences and discordyng algates men accordyn alle in lyuynge e ende of goode4 ,q,,ua,,ntas ,,rer,,um ,,flectat4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;de ,metur4 ,,it like me to shewe by subtil songe wi slakke and delitable soun of strenges how at nature myty encline and flitte gouernement of inges and by whiche lawes she purueiable kepi e grete worlde4 and how she bindynge restreine alle ingus by a bonde at may nat be vnbounden4 ,sidenote3 j ,al be it so at e liouns of e contree of pene beren e faire cheines4 and taken metes of e handes of folk at euen it hem4 and dreden her sturdy maystres of whiche ei ben wont to suffren betinges4 yif at hir horrible moues ben bi-bled4 at is to sein of bestes devoured4 ,hir corage of tyme passe at ha ben ydel and rested4 repaire aein at ei roren greuously4 and remembren on hir nature4 and slaken hir nekkes from hir cheins vnbounden4 and hir maistre first to-teren wi blody toe assaie e woode wraes of hem4 is is to sein ei freten hir maister4 ,sidenote3 ij ,and e ,iangland brid at syngi on e heye braunches4 is is to sein in e wode and after is inclosed in a streit cage4 al ou at e pleiyng besines of men eue hem honiede drinkes and large metes4 wi swete studie4 it naeles yif ilke brid skippynge oute of hir streite cage see e agreable shadewes of e wodes4 she defoule wi hir fete hir metes yshad and seke mournyng oonly e wode and twitri desirynge e wode wi hir swete voys4 ,sidenote3 iij e erde of a tree at is haled adoun by myty strenge bowi redely e croppe adoun4 but yif at e hande of hym at it bente lat it gon aein4 ,an oon e crop loke vp ryt to heuene4 ,sidenote3 iiij e sonne phebus at faille at euene in e westrene wawes retorni aein eftsones his cart by a priue pae ere as it is wont aryse4 ,alle inges seken aein in to hir propre cours4 and alle inges reioisen hem of hir retournynge aein to hir nature ne noon ordinaunce nis bytaken to inges but at4 at ha ioignynge e endynge to e bygynnynge4 and ha makid e cours of it self stable at it chaunge nat from hys propre kynde4 ,,vosq,,ue ,,terrena ,,animalia4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de prose4 ,c,ertis also e men at ben ereliche bestes dremen alwey yowre bygynnynge al ou it be wi a inne ymaginacioun4 and by a maner out al be it nat clerly ne perfitly e looken from a fer til ilk verray fyn of blisfulnesse4 and erfore e naturel entencioun lede ow to ilk verray good ,but many manere errours mistourni ow er fro4 ,considere now yif at be ilke inges by whiche a man weni to gete hym blysfulnesse4 yif at he may comen to ilke ende at he wene to come by nature ,for yif at moneye or honours or ise oer forseide inges bryngen to men swiche a ing at no goode ne faille hem4 ne seme faille4 ,certys an wil ,i graunte at ei ben maked blisful4 by ilke inges at ei han geten4 but yif so be at ilke inges ne mowe nat perfourmen at ei by-heten and at er be defaute of many goodes4 ,shewe it nat an clerely at fals beaute of blisfulnesse is knowe and a-teint in ilke inges4 ,first and forward ou i self at haddest haboundaunces of rycchesses nat long agon4 ,i axe if at in e haboundaunce of alle ilke rycchesses ou were neuer anguissous or sory in i corage of any wrong or greuaunce at by-tidde e on any syde4 ,certys quod ,i it remembre me nat at euere ,i was so free of my out4 at ,i ne was al-wey in anguyshe of somwhat4 at was at ou lakkedest at ou noldest han lakked4 or ellys ou haddest at ou noldest han had4 ryt so is it quod ,i an4 desiredest ou e presence of at oon and e absence of at oer4 ,i graunte wel quod 4,i4 for soe quod she an nedi er somwhat at euery man desire4 e er nedi quod ,i4 ,certis quod she and he at ha lakke or nede of a wyt nis nat in euery way suffisaunt to hym self4 no quod 4,i4 and ou quod she in alle e plente of i rycchesse haddest ilke lak of suffisaunce4 what ellis quod 4,i4 anne may nat rycchesse maken at a man nis nedy4 ne at he be suffisaunt to hym self4 and at was it at ei byhyten as it seme4 and eke certys ,i trowe at is be gretly to consydere at moneye ne ha nat in hys owen kynde at it ne may ben by-nomen of hem at han it maugre hem4 ,i by-knowe it wel quod ,i whi sholdest ou nat by-knowen it quod she4 whan euery day e strenger folke by-nymen it fram e febler maugre hem4 ,fro whennes comen ellys alle ise foreine compleintes or quereles of pletyngus4 ,but for at men axen aeine her moneye at ha be by-nomen hem by force or by gyle4 and alwey maugre hem4 ,ryt so it is quod ,i4 an quod she ha a man nede to seken hym foreyne helpe by whiche he may defende hys moneye4 who may say nay quod 4,i4 ,certis quod she and hym nedi no helpe yif he ne hadde no moneye at he myte leese4 at is doutles quod 4,i4 anne is is ing turned in to e contrarie quod she ,for rycchesse at men wenen sholde make suffisaunce4 ei maken a man raer han nede of foreine helpe4 whiche is e manere or e gise quod she at rycches may dryuen awey nede4 ,riche folk may ei neier han hungre ne rest4 ise ryche men may ei feele no colde on hir lymes in wynter4 ,but ou wilt answere at ryche men han y-nou wher wi ei may staunchen her hunger4 and slaken her rest and don awey colde4 ,in is wise may nede be conforted by rycchesses4 but certys nede ne may nat al outerly be don awey4 for ou is nede at is alwey gapyng and gredy be fulfilled wi rycchesses4 and axe any ing it dwelle anne a nede at myte ben fulfilled4 ,i holde me stille and telle nat how at litel ing suffise to nature4 but certys to auarice ynou ne suffise no inge4 ,for syn at rychesse ne may nat al don awey nede4 but rychesse maken nede4 what may it anne be at e wenen at rychesses mowen euen ow suffisaunce4 ,,quamuis ,,fluenter ,,diues4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de ,metur4 ,al were it so at a ryche couetous man hadde riuer fletynge alle of golde itte sholde it neuer staunche hys couetise4 ,and ou he hadde his nekke ,i-charged wi preciouse stones of e rede see4 and ou he do erye his feldes plentiuous wi an hundre oxen neuere ne shal his bytyng bysynesse forleten hym while he lyue4 ne e lyte rychesses ne shal nat beren hym compaignie whanne he is dede4 ,,set ,,dignitatib,,us4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe prose4 ,bvt dignitees to whom ei ben comen make ei hym honorable and reuerent4 han ei nat so grete strenge at ei may putte vertues in e hertis of folk4 at vsen e lordshipes of hem4 or ellys may ei don awey e vices4 ,certys ei ne ben nat wont to don awey wikkednesses4 but ei ben wont raer to shewen wikkednesses4 and er of come it at ,i haue ryt grete desdeyne4 at dignites ben euen ofte to wicked men4 ,for whiche ing catullus clepid a consul of ,rome at hyt nonius postum4 or boch4 as who sei he clepi hym a congregacioun of uices in his brest as a postum is ful of corrupcioun4 al were is nonius set in a chayere of dignitee4 ,sest ou nat an how gret vylenye dignitees don to wikked men4 ,certys vnworines of wikked men sholde ben e lasse ysen yif ei nere renomed of none honours4 ,certys ou i self ne mytest nat ben brout wi as many perils as ou mytest suffren at ou woldest bere i magistrat wi decorat4 at is to seyn4 at for no peril at myte bifallen e by e offence of e kyng theodorik ou noldest nat ben felawe in gouernaunce with decorat4 whanne ou saye at he hadde wikkid corage of a likerous shrewe and of an acusor4 ,ne ,i ne may nat for swiche honours ,iugen hem wori of reuerence at ,i deme and holde vnwori to han ilke same honours4 ,now yif ou saie a man at were fulfilled of wisdom4 certys oune mytest nat demen at he were vnwori to e honour4 or ellys to e wisdom of whiche he is fulfilled4 ,no quod 4,i4 ,certys dignitees quod she appertienen properly to vertue4 and uertue transporte dignite anon to ilke man to whiche she hir self is conioigned4 ,and for as moche as honours of poeple ne may nat maken folk digne of honour4 it is wel seyn clerly at ei ne han no propre beaute of dignite4 ,and it men auten take more hede in is4 ,for if it so be at he is most out cast at most folk dispisen4 or as dignite ne may nat maken shrewes wori of no reuerences4 an make dignites shrewes more dispised an preised4 e whiche shrewes dignite schewe to moche folk and for soe nat vnpunissed4 at is forto sein4 at shrewes reuengen hem aeinward vpon dignites4 for ei elden aein to dignites as gret gerdoun whan ei byspotten and defoulen dignites wi hire vylenie4 ,and for as moche as ou mowe knowe at ilke verray reuerence ne may nat comen by e shadewy transitorie dignitees4 vndirstonde now is4 yif at a man hadde vsed and hadde many manere dignites of consules and were comen perauenture amonges straunge naciouns4 sholde ilke honour maken hym worshipful and redouted of straunge folk ,certys yif at honour of poeple were a naturel ifte to dignites4 it ne myte neuer cesen nowher amonges no maner folke to done hys office4 ,ryt as fire in euery contre ne stinte nat to enchaufen and to ben hote4 but for as myche as forto be holden honorable or reuerent ne come nat to folk of hir propre strenge of nature4 but only of e false opinioun of folk4 at is to sein4 at wenen at dignites maken folk digne of honour4 ,an on erfore whan at ei comen er as folk ne knowen nat ilke dignites4 her honours vanissen awey and at on oon4 but at is a-mong straung folk4 maist ou sein4 but amongus hem at ei weren born duren ilke dignites alwey4 ,certys e dignite of e prouostrie of ,rome was somtyme a grete power4 now is it no ing but an ydel name4 and e rente of e senatorie a gret charge4 and yif a whit somtyme hadde e office to taken hede to e vitailes of e poeple as of corne and what oer inges he was holden amonges grete4 but what ing is more nowe out cast anne ilke prouostrie ,and as ,i haue seid a litel here byforne4 at ilke ing at ha no propre beaute of hym self resceyue somtyme pris and shinynge and somtyme lesi it by e opinioun of vsaunces4 ,now yif at dignites anne ne mowen nat maken folk digne of reuerence4 and yif at dignites wexen foule of hir wille by e file of shrewes4 and yif at dignites lesen hir shynynge by chaungyng of tymes4 and yif ei wexen foule by estimacioun of poeple4 what is it at ei han in hem self of beaute at aute ben desired4 as who sei none4 anne ne mowen ei iuen no beaute of dignite to none oer4 ,,qua,m,,uis ,,se ,,tirio4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe ,metur4 ,al be it so at e proude nero wi al his woode luxurie kembed hym and apparailed hym wi faire purpers of ,tirie and wi white perles4 ,algates itte throf he hateful to alle folk is is to seyn at al was he by-hated of alle folk4 itte is wicked ,nero hadde gret lordship and af somtyme to e dredeful senatours e vnworshipful setes of dignites4 vnworshipful setes he clepi here fore at ,nero at was so wikked af o dignites4 who wolde anne resonably wenen at blysfulnesse were in swiche honours as ben euen by vicious shrewes4 ,,an ,,uero ,,regna4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ethe prose4 ,bvt regnes and familarites of kynges may ei maken a man to ben myty4 how ellys4 whanne hir blysfulnesse dure perpetuely but certys e olde age of tyme passe4 and eke of present tyme now is ful of ensaumples how at kynges at han chaunged in to wrechednesse out of hir welefulnesse4 ,o a noble ing and a cler ing is power at is nat founden myty to kepe it self4 ,and yif at power of realmes be auctour and maker of blisfulnesse4 yif ilke power lakke on any side4 amenusi it nat ilke blisfulnesse and brynge in wrechednesse4 but yif al be it so at realmes of mankynde stretchen broode4 it mot er nede ben myche folk ouer whiche at euery kyng ne ha no lordshipe no comaundement and certys vpon ilke syde at power faille whiche at maki folk blisful4 ryt on at same side nounpower entri vndirne at make hem wreches4 ,in is manere anne moten kynges han more porcioun of wrechednesse an of welefulnesse4 ,a tyraunt at was kyng of sisile at hadde assaied e peril of his estat shewide by similitude e dredes of realmes by gastnesse of a swerde at heng ouer e heued of his familier4 what ing is an is power at may nat don awey e bytynges of besines ne eschewe e prikkes of drede4 and certys it wolden ei lyuen in sykernesse4 but ei may nat4 and it ei glorifien hem in her power ,holdest ou an at ilke man be myty at ou seest at he wolde don at he may nat don4 ,and holdest ou an hym a myty man at ha environed hise sydes wi men of armes or seruauntes and drede more hem at he make agast4 en ei dreden hym4 and at is put in e handes of hise seruaunt4 for he sholde seme myty but of familiers or seruaunt of kynges4 what sholde ,i telle e any ing4 syn at ,i my self haue shewed e at realmes hem self ben ful of gret feblenesse4 e whiche familiers certis e real power of kynges in hool estat and in estat abated ful ofte rowe adoun4 ,nero constreinede his familier and his maistre seneca to chesen on what dee he wolde deien4 ,antonius comaundide at knytis slowen wi her swerdis ,papinian his familier whiche ,papinian hadde ben long tyme ful myty a-monges hem of e courte4 and it certis ei wolde boe han renounced her power4 of whiche two senek enforcede hym to iuen to ,nero his rychesses4 and also to han gon in to solitarie exil4 ,but whan e grete weyt4 at is to sein of lordes power or of fortune drawe hem at sholden falle4 neyer of hem ne myte do at he wolde4 what ing is anne ilke power at ou men han it at ei ben agast4 and whan ou woldest han it ou nart nat siker4 ,and yif ou woldest forleten it ou mayst nat eschewen it4 ,but wheir swiche men ben frendes at nede as ben conseiled by fortune and nat by vertue4 ,certys swiche folk as weleful fortune make frendes4 contrarious fortune make hem enmyse4 ,and what pestilence is more myty forto anoye a wit an a familier enemy4 ,,qui ,,se ,,ualet ,,esse ,,potentem4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ethe ,metur4 ,who so wolde ben myty he mot daunten hys cruel corage4 ne putte nat his nekke ouercomen vndir e foule reines of lecherie4 for al be it so at i lordshipe strecche so fer at e contre ,inde quaki at i comaundement4 or at i lawes4 and at e leest isle in e see at hyt tile be ral to e it yif ou mayst nat puten awey i foule derke desijres and dryuen oute fro e wreched compleyntes4 ,certis it nis no power at ou hast4 ,,gloria ,,uero ,,qua,m ,,fallax4 ,sidenote3 ,the #fthe prose4 ,bvt glorie how deceiuable and how foule is it ofte4 for whiche ing nat vnskilfully a tregedien at is to sein a maker of dites at hyten tregedies criede and seide4 ,o glorie glorie quod he4 ou nart no ing ellys to ousandes of folkes4 but a gret sweller of eres4 for manye han had ful gret renoun by e false oppinioun of poeple4 and what ing may ben out fouler en swiche preisynge for ilke folk at ben preised falsly4 ei moten nedes han shame of hir preisynges4 and yif at folk han geten hem ank or preysyng by her desertes4 what ing ha ilk pris echid or encresed to e conscience of wise folk at mesuren hire good4 not by e rumour of e poeple4 but by e soefastnesse of conscience4 and yif it seme a fair ing a man to han encresid and sprad his name4 an folwe it4 at it is demed to ben a foule inge yif it ne be ysprad ne encresed4 but as ,i seide a litel her byforne4 at syn er mot nedes ben many folk to whiche folk e renoun of a man ne may nat comen4 it byfalle at he at ou wenest be glorious and renomed4 semi in e nexte parties of e ere to ben wi out glorie4 and wi out renoun4 and certis amonges ise inges ,i ne trowe nat at e pris and grace of e poeple nis neier wori to ben remembrid ne come of wise iugement4 ne is ferm perdurably4 ,but now of is name of gentilesse4 what man is it at ne may wel seen how veyne and how flittyng a ing it is4 ,for if e name of gentilesse be referred to renoun and clernesse of linage4 an is gentil name but a foreine ing4 at is to sein to hem at glorifien hem of hir linage4 ,for it seme at gentilesse be a maner preysynge at come of decert of auncestres4 ,and yif preysynge make gentilesse an moten ei nedes be gentil at ben preysed4 ,for whiche ing it folwe4 at yif ou ne haue no gentilesse of i self4 at is to sein pris at come of i deserte foreine gentilesse ne make e nat gentil4 ,but certis yif er be any goode in gentilesse4 ,i trowe it be in al oonly is4 at it seme as at a maner necessitee be imposed to gentil men4 for at ei ne sholden nat outraien or forliuen fro e uertues of hire noble kynrede4 ,,omne ,,hominu,m ,,genus ,,in ,,terris4 ,sidenote3 ,the #fth ,metre4 ,al e linage of men at ben in ere ben of semblable bure4 ,on al one is fadir of inges4 ,on alone minystre alle inges4 ,he af to e sonne hys bemes4 he af to e moone hir hornes4 he af e men to e ere4 he af e sterres to e heuene4 he enclose wi membres e soules at comen fro hys heye sete4 anne comen alle mortal folk of noble seed4 whi noysen e or bosten of oure eldris ,for yif ou looke oure bygynnyng4 and god oure auctour and oure makere4 an is er no forlyued wyt but if he norisse his corage vnto vices and forlete his propre bure4 ,,quid ,,autem ,,de ,,corporibus4 ,sidenote3 ,the #gthe prose4 ,but what shal ,i seie of delices of body4 of whiche delices e desiringes ben ful of anguisse4 and e fulfillinges of hem ben ful of penaunce4 ,how grete sekenesse and how grete sorwes vnsuffrable ryt as a manere fruit of wickednesse ben ilke delices wont to bryngen to e bodies of folk at vsen hem4 ,of whiche delices ,i not what ioye may ben had of hir moeuyng4 ,but is woot ,i wel at who so euere wil remembren hym of hys luxuries4 he shal wel vndirstonde4 at e issues of delices ben sorowful and sory4 ,and yif ilke delices mowen make folk blisful4 an by e same cause moten ise bestes ben clepid blisful4 ,of whiche bestes al e entencioun haste to fulfille hire bodyly iolyte4 and e gladnesse of wijf and children were an honest ing4 but it ha ben seid4 at it is ouer myche aeins kynde at children han ben founden tormentours to hir fadres ,i not how many4 ,of whiche children how bitynge is euery condicioun4 ,it nede nat to tellen it e at hast or is tyme assaied it4 and art it now anguyssous4 ,in is approue ,i e sentence of my disciple ,euridippus4 at seide at he at ha no children is weleful by infortune4 ,,habet ,,hoc ,,uoluptas4 ,sidenote3 ,the #g;de ,metur4 ,euery delit ha is4 at it anguisse hem wi prikkes at vsen it4 ,it resembli to ise flying flyes at we clepen been4 at aftre at e bee ha shed hys agreable honies he flee awey and stynge e hertes of hem at ben ysmyte wi bytynge ouer longe holdynge4 ,,nichil ,,igitur ,,dubium ,,est4 ,sidenote3 ,the #hthe prose4 ,now nis it no doute an at ise weyes ne ben a maner mysledyng to blisfulnesse4 ne at ei ne mowe nat leden folke ider as ei byheten to leden hem4 ,but wi how grete harmes ise forseide weyes ben enlaced4 ,i shal shewe e shortly4 ,for whi yif ou enforcest e to assemble moneye4 ou most by-reuen hym his moneye at ha it4 and yif ou wilt shynen wi dignites4 ou most bysechen and supplien hem at iuen o dignitees4 ,and yif ou coueitest by honour to gon by-fore oer folk ou shalt defoule i self by humblesse of axing4 yif ou desiryst power4 ou shalt by awaites of i subgit anoyously be cast vndir many periles4 axest ou glorie ou shalt ben so destrat by aspre inges at ou shalt forgone sykernesse4 ,and yif ou wilt leden i lijf in delices4 euery whit shal dispisen e and forleten e as ou at art ral to ing at is ryt foule and brutel4 at is to sein seruaunt to i body4 ,now is it an wel yseen how lytel and how brutel possessioun ei coueiten at putten e goodes of e body abouen hire owen resoun4 ,for mayst ou sourmounten ise olifut in gretnesse or weyt of body4 ,or mayst ou ben strenger an e bole4 ,mayst ou ben swifter an e tigre4 biholde e spaces and e stablenesse and e swyfte cours of e heuene4 and stynte somtyme to wondren on foule inges4 e whiche heuene certys nis nat raer for ise inges to ben wondred vpon4 an for e resoun by whiche it is gouerned4 but e shynynge of i forme at is to seien e beaute of i body4 how swiftly passyng is it and how transitorie4 ,certis it is more flittynge an e mutabilite of floures of e somer sesoun4 ,for so as aristotil telle at yif at men hadden eyen of a beest at hit lynx4 so at e lokyng of folk myte percen oru e inges at wistonden it4 who so lokid an in e entrailes of e body of alcibiades at was ful fayr in e superfice wi oute4 it shulde seme ryt foule4 and for i yif ou semest faire4 i nature ne maki nat at4 but e desceiuaunce of e fieblesse of e eyen at loken4 ,but preise e goodes of i body as moche as euer e list4 so at ou knowe algates at what so it be4 at is to seyn of e goodes of i body whiche at ou wondrest vpon may ben destroied or dessolued by e hete of a feuere of re dayes4 ,of alle whiche forseide inges ,i may reducen is shortly in a somme4 at ise worldly goodes whiche at ne mowen nat iuen at ei byheten4 ne ben nat perfit by e congregacioun of alle goodes4 at ei ne ben nat weyes ne paes at bryngen men to blysfulnesse ne maken men to ben blysful4 ,,heu ,q,,ue ,,miseros ,,tramite4 ,sidenote3 ,the #hthe ,metur4 ,allas whiche folie and whiche ignoraunce mysledi wandryng wrecches fro e pae of verrey good4 ,certis e ne seken no golde in grene trees4 ne e ne gadren nat precious stones in e vines4 ne e ne hiden nat oure gynnes in heye mountaignes to kachen fisshe of whiche e may maken ryche festes4 and yif ow lyke to hunte to roos4 e ne gon nat to e foordes of e water at hyt tyrene4 and ouer is men knowen wel e crikes and e cauernes of e see yhidd in e floodes4 and knowen eke whiche water is most plentiuous of white perles4 and knowen whiche water habunde most of rede purpre4 at is to seyen of a maner shelfisshe with whiche men dien purpre4 and knowen whiche strondes habounden most of tendre fisshes or of sharpe fisshes at hyten echynnys4 but folk suffren hem self to ben so blynde at hem ne recchi nat to knowe where ilke goodes ben yhidd whiche at ei coueiten but ploungen hem in ere and seken ere ilke goode at sourmounte e heuene at bere e sterres4 what preyere may ,i make at be digne to e nice outis of men4 but ,i preye at ei coueiten rycches and honours so at whan ei han geten o false goodes wi greet trauayle at erby ei mowe knowen e verray goodes4 ,,hactenus ,,mendacis ,,forma,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ine prose4 ,,it suffisi at ,i haue shewed hider to e forme of false wilfulnesse4 so at yif ou looke now clerely e ordre of myn entencioun requeri from hennes fore to shewen e verray wilfulnesse4 ,for quod 4,i4 7b7 ,i4 se wel now at suffisaunce may nat comen by richesse4 ne power by realmes4 ne reuerence by dignitees4 ne gentilesse by glorie4 ne ioye by delices4 and 7p7 hast ou wel knowen quod she e cause whi it is4 ,certis me seme quod 4,i4 at 4,i4 se hem ryt as ou it were oru a litel clifte4 but me were leuer knowen hem more openly of e4 ,certys quod she e resoun is al redy ,for ilk ing at symply is on ing wi outen ony diuisioun4 e errour and folie of mankynde departe and diuidi it4 and misledi it and transporte from verray and perfit goode4 to goodes at ben false and inperfit4 ,but seye me is4 wenest ou at he at ha nede of power at hym ne lakke no ing4 ,nay quod 4,i ,certis quod she ou seist aryt4 ,for yif so be at er is a ing at in any partie be fieble of power4 ,certis as in at it moste nedes be nedy of foreine helpe4 ,rit so it is quod 4,i4 ,suffisaunce and power ben an of on kynde ,so seme it quod ,i4 ,and demyst ou quod she at a ing at is of is manere4 at is to seine suffisaunt and myty aute to ben dispised4 or ellys at it be ryt digne of reuerences abouen alle inges4 ,certys quod ,i it nys no doute at it nis ryt wori to ben reuerenced4 ,lat vs quod she an adden reuerence to suffisaunce and to power ,so at we demen at ise re inges ben alle o ing4 ,certis quod ,i lat vs adden it4 yif we willen graunten e soe4 what demest ou an quod she is at a dirke ing and nat noble at is suffisaunt reuerent and myty4 or ellys at is ryt clere and ryt noble of celebrete of renoun4 ,considere an quod she as we han grauntid her byforne4 at he at ne ha nede of no ing and is most myty and most digne of honour yif hym nedi any clernesse of renoun whiche clernesse he myte nat graunten of hym self4 ,so at for lakke of ilke clerenesse he myte seme febler on any syde or e more outcaste4 ,glosa4 is is to seyne nay4 ,for who so at is suffisaunt myty and reuerent4 clernesse of renoun folwe of e forseide inges4 he ha it alredy of hys suffisaunce4 boice4 ,i may nat quod ,i denye it4 ,but ,i mot graunten as it is4 at is ing be ryt celebrable by clernesse of renoun and noblesse4 an folwe it quod she at we adden clernesse of renoun to e re forseide inges4 so at er ne be amonges hem no difference4 and is is a consequente quod 4,i4 is ing an quod she at ne ha no nede of no foreine ing4 and at may don alle inges by his strenges4 and at is noble and honourable4 nis nat at a myrie ing and a ioyful4 boice4 but wenest quod ,i at any sorow myte comen to is ing at is swiche4 ,certys ,i may nat inke4 ,p4 anne moten we graunte quod she at is ing be ful of gladnesse yif e orseide inges be soe4 ,and also certys mote we graunten4 at suffisaunce power noblesse reuerence and gladnesse ben only dyuerse bynames4 but hir substaunce ha no diuersite4 ,boice4 ,it mot nedely be so quod 4,i4 ,p4 ilke inge an quod she at is oon and simple in his nature4 e wikkednesse of men departi it diuidi it4 and whan ei enforcen hem to gete partie of a ing at ne ha no part4 ei ne geten hem neier ilke partie at nis none4 ne e ing al hole at ei ne desire nat4 4b4 ,in whiche manere quod 4,i4 p4 ilke man quod she at seke rychesse to fleen pouerte4 he ne trauayle hym nat to for to gete power for he ha leuer ben dirk and vile4 and eke widrawe from hym selfe many naturel delit for he nolde lesen e moneye at he ha assembled4 but certis in is manere he ne geti hym nat suffisaunce at power forleti4 and at moleste preke4 and at file make outcaste4 and at derknesse hide4 and certis he at desire only power he wasti and scatri rychesse and dispise delices and eke honour at is wi out power4 ne he ne preise glorie no ing4 ,certys us seest ou wel at many ingus failen to hym4 for he ha somtyme faute of many necessites4 and many anguysses biten hym and whan he may nat don o defautes awey4 he forlete to ben myty4 and at is e ing at he most desire4 and ryt us may ,i make semblable resouns of honours and of glorie and of delices4 ,for so as euery of ise forseide inges is e same at ise oer inges ben4 at is to sein4 al oon ing4 who so at euer seke to geten at oon of ise and nat at oer4 he ne gete nat at he desire4 ,boice4 what seist ou an yif at a man coueite to geten alle ise inges to gider4 ,p4 ,certys quod she 4,i4 wolde seie at he wolde geten hym souereyne blisfulnes4 but at shal he nat fynde in o inges at 4,i4 haue shewed at ne mowe nat euen at ei by-heten4 boice4 ,certys no quod 4,i4 an quod she ne sholden men nat by no weye seken blysfulnesse in swiche inges as men wenen at ei ne mowe euen but o ing senglely of alle at men seken4 ,i graunte wel quod 4,i4 ne no soer ing ne may nat ben said4 ,p4 ,now hast ou an quod she e forme and e causes of false welefulnesse4 ,now turne and flitte e eyen of i out4 for ere shalt ou seen an oon ilk verray blysfulnesse at ,i haue byhyt ee4 b4 ,certys quod 4,i4 it is cler and opyn4 ou at it were to a blynde man4 and at shewedest ou me ful wel a lytel her byforne4 whan ou enforcedest e to shewe me e causes of e false blysfulnesse ,for but yif ,i be by-giled4 an is ilke e verray perfit blisfulnesse at perfitly maki a man suffisaunt4 myty4 honourable noble4 and ful of gladnesse4 and for ou shalt wel knowe at ,i haue wel vndirstonden ise inges wi inne myne herte4 ,i knowe wel ilke blisfulnesse at may verrayly euen on of e forseide inges syn ei ben al oon 4,i4 knowe douteles at ilke ing is e fulle of blysfulnesse4 ,p4 ,o my nurry quod she by is oppinioun quod she ,i seye at ou art blisful yif ou putte is er to at ,i shal seine4 what is at quod 4,i4 ,trowest ou at er be any ing in is erely mortal toumblyng inges at may bryngen is estat4 ,certys quod ,i trowe it nat4 and ou hast shewed me wel at ouer ilke goode er is no ing more to ben desired4 ,p4 ise inges an quod she4 at is to seyne erely suffisaunce and power4 and swiche inges eyer ei semen likenesse of verray goode4 or ellys it seme at ei euen to mortal folk a maner of goodes at ne ben nat perfit4 ,but ilke goode at is verray and perfit4 at may ei nat euen4 boice4 ,i4 accorde me wel quod 4,i4 an quod she for as moche as ou hast knowen whiche is ilke verray blisfulnesse4 and eke whiche ilke inges ben at lien falsly blisfulnesse4 at is to seyne4 at by desceit semen verray goodes4 ,now byhoue e to knowen whennes and where ou mowe seeke ilke verray blisfulnesse4 ,certys quod ,i at desijr ,i gretly and haue abiden longe tyme to herkene it4 ,but for as moche quod she as it like to my disciple plato in his book of in thimeo4 at in ryt lytel inges men sholde bysechen e helpe of god4 what iugest ou at be now to done so at we may deserue to fynde e sete of ilke souereyne goode4 ,b4 ,certys quod 4,i4 ,i4 deme at we shulle clepen to e fadir of alle goodes4 ,for wi outen hym nis er no ing founden aryt4 ou seist a-ryt quod she4 and bygan on-one to syngen ryt us4 ,o ,,qui ,,perpetua4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ine ,metur4 ,o ou fadir creatour of heuene and of eres at gouernest is worlde by perdurable resoun at comaundist e tymes for to gon from tyme at age hadde bygynnyng4 ou at dwellest i self ay stedfast and stable and iuest alle oer inges to ben moeued4 ne forein causes necesseden e neuer to compoune werke of floterynge mater4 but only e forme of souereyne goode y-set wi inne e wi outen envie at moeuede e frely4 ou at art alerfairest beryng e faire worlde in i out4 formedest is worlde to e likkenesse semblable of at faire worlde in i out4 ou drawest alle inges of i souereyne ensampler4 and comaundedist at is worlde perfitlyche ymaked haue frely and absolut hyse perfit parties4 ou byndest e element by noumbres proporcionables4 at e colde inges mowen accorde wi e hote inges4 and e drye inges wi e moyst inges4 at e fire at is purest ne fleye nat ouer heye4 ne at e heuynesse ne drawe nat adoun ouer lowe e eres at ben plounged in e watres4 ou knyttest to-gidre e mene soule of treble kynde moeuyng alle inges4 and diuidest it by membres accordynge4 ,and whan it is us diuided it ha assembled a moeuyng in two roundes4 ,it go to tourne aein to hym owen self4 and environe a fulle deep out4 and tourni e heuene by semblable ymage4 ou by euenlyk causes enhaunsest e soules and e lasse liues and ablynge hem heye by lyte cartes4 ou sewest hem in to heuene and in to ere4 and whan ei ben conuertid to e by i benigne lawe4 ou makest hem retorne aeine to e by aein ledyng fijr4 ,o fadir yif ou to i out to stien vp in to i streite sete4 and graunte hym to enviroune e welle of good4 and e lyte yfounde graunte hym to ficchen e clere sytes of hys corage in e4 ,and scatre ou and to-breke thow e weytes and e cloudes of erely heuynesse4 and shyne ou by i brytnes4 for ou art clernesse ou art peisible to debonaire folke4 ou i self art bygynnynge4 berere4 ledere4 pa and terme to loke on e at is oure ende4 ,glose4 ,,quoniam ,,igitur ,,qui ,,scit4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ajthe prose4 ,f,or as moche an as ou hast seyn4 whiche is e forme of goode at nys nat perfit4 and whiche is e forme of goode at is perfit4 now trowe ,i at it were goode to shewe in what is perfeccioun of blisfulnesse is set4 and in is ing ,i trowe at we sholden first enquere forto witen yif at any swiche manere goode as ilke goode at ou hast diffinissed a lytel her byforne4 at is to seine souereyne goode may be founden in e nature of inges4 ,for at veyne ymaginacioun of out ne desceiue vs nat4 and putte vs oute of e soefastnesse of ilke inge at is summyttid to vs4 is is to seyne4 but it may nat ben denoyed at ilke goode ne is4 and at it nis ryt as a welle of alle goodes4 ,for al ing at is cleped inperfit4 is proued inperfit by e amenusynge of perfeccioun4 or of ing at is perfit4 and her of come it4 at in euery ing general4 yif at4 at men seen any ing at is inperfit certys in ilke general er mot ben somme ing at is perfit4 ,for yif so be at perfeccioun is don awey4 men may nat inke nor seye fro whennes ilke ing is at is cleped inperfit4 ,for e nature of inges ne token nat her bygynnyng of inges amenused and inperfit4 but it procedi of ingus at ben al hool4 and absolut4 and descende so doune in to outerest inges and in to ingus empty and wi oute fruyt4 but as ,i haue shewed a litel her byforne4 at yif er be a blisfulnesse at be frele and vein and inperfit4 er may no man doute4 at er nys som blisfulnesse at is sad stedfast and perfit4 b4 is is concludid quod ,i fermely and soefastly4 ,p4 ,but considere also quod she in wham is blisfulnesse enhabite4 e commune acordaunce and conceite of e corages of men proue and graunte at god prince of alle ingus is good4 ,for so as no ing ne may ben out bettre an god4 it may nat ben douted an at he at no ing is bettre4 at he nys good4 ,certys resoun shewe at god is so goode at it proue by verray force at perfit goode is in hym4 ,for yif god ne is swiche4 he ne may nat ben prince of alle inges4 for certis som ing possessyng in hym self perfit goode sholde ben more an god4 and it sholde seme at ilke ing were first and elder an god4 ,for we han shewed apertly at alle inges at ben perfit4 ben first or inges at ben inperfit4 ,and for i for as moche as that my resoun or my proces ne go nat awey wioute an ende4 we oute to graunten at e souereyne god is ryt ful of souereyne perfit goode4 and we han establissed at e souereyne goode is verrey blisfulnesse4 an mot it nedes ben at verray blysfulnesse is yset in souereyne god4 ,b4 is take ,i wel quod 4,i4 ne is ne may nat be wiseid in no manere4 ,but ,i preie e quod she see now how ou mayst preuen holily and wi-outen corrupcioun is at ,i haue seid4 at e souereyne god is ryt ful of souereyne goode4 ,in whych manere quod ,i4 wenest ou out quod she at is prince of alle inges haue ytake ilke souereyne good any where an of hym self4 of whiche souereyne goode men proue at he is ful ryt as ou mytest inken4 at god at ha blisfulnesse in hym self4 and at ilke blisfulnesse at is in hym were diuers in substaunce4 ,for yif ou wene at god haue receyued ilke good oute of hym self4 ou mayst wene at he at af ilke good to god4 be more goode an is god4 ,but ,i am byknowen and confesse and at ryt dignely at god is ryt wori abouen alle inges4 ,and yif so be at is good be in hym by nature4 but at it is diuers from hym by wenyng resoun4 syn we speke of god prince of alle inges feyne who so feyne may4 who was he at hath conioigned ise diuers inges to-gidre4 and eke at e laste se wel at o ing at is diuers from any ing4 at ilke ing nis nat at same ing4 fro whiche it is vndirstonden to ben diuers4 an folwe it4 at ilke ing at by hys nature is dyuers from souereyne good4 at at ing nys nat souereyne good4 but certys at were a felonous corsednesse to inken at of hym4 at no ing nis more wore4 ,for alwey of alle inges4 e nature of hem ne may nat ben better an his bygynnyng4 ,for whiche ,i may concluden by ryt uerray resoun4 at ilke at is bygynnyng of alle inges4 ilke same ing is good in his substaunce4 ,b4 ou hast seid rytfully quod 4,i4 ,p4 ,but we han graunted quod she at souereyne good is blysfulnes4 at is soe quod 4,i4 an quod she mote we nedes graunten and confessen at ilke same souereyne goode be god4 ,certys quod 4,i4 ,i ne may nat denye ne wistonde e resouns purposed4 and ,i see wel at it folwe by strenge of e premisses4 ,loke nowe quod she yif is be proued yit more fermely us4 at er ne mowen nat ben two souereyne goodes at ben diuerse amonges hem self4 at on is nat at at oer is4 an ne mowen neier of hem ben perfit4 so as eyer of hem lakki to oir4 but at at nis nat perfit men may seen apertly at it nis nat souereyne4 e inges an at ben souereynely goode ne mowen by no wey ben diuerse4 ,but ,i haue wel conclude at blisfulnesse and god ben the souereyne goode4 ,for whiche it mot nedes be at souereyne blisfulnesse is souereyne dyuynite4 ,no ing quod ,i nis more soefast an is ne more ferme by resoun4 ne a more wori ing an god may nat ben concluded4 ,p4 vpon ise inges an quod she4 ryt as ise geometriens whan ei han shewed her proposiciouns ben wont to bryngen in inges at ei clepen porismes or declaraciouns of forseide inges4 ryt so wil ,i eue e here as a corolarie or a mede of coroune4 ,for whi4 for as moche as by e getynge of blisfulnesse men ben maked blysful4 and blisfulnesse is diuinite4 an is it manifest and open at by e getyng of diuinite men ben makid blisful4 ryt as by e getynge of iustice 4 4 4 and by e getyng of sapience ei ben maked wise4 ,ryt so nedes by e semblable resoun whan ei han getyn diuinite ei ben maked goddys4 an is euery blisful man god4 ,but certis by nature4 er nys but oon god4 but by e participaciouns of diuinite ere ne lette ne disturbe no ing at er ne ben many goddes4 is is quod 4,i4 a faire ing and a precious4 ,clepe it as ou wolt4 be it corolarie or porisme or mede of coroune or declarynges ,certys quod she no ing nis fairer4 an is e ing at by resoun sholde ben added to ise forseide inges4 what ing quod 4,i4 ,so quod she as it seme at blisfulnesse conteni many inges4 it were forto witen wheir at alle ise inges maken or conioignen as a maner body of blysfulnesse by diuersite of parties or of membris4 ,or ellys yif any of alle ilke ingus be swyche at it acomplise by hym self e substaunce of blisfulnesse4 so at alle ise oer inges ben referred and brout to blisfulnesse4 at is to seyne as to e chief of hem4 ,i wolde quod ,i at ou makedest me clerly to vndirstonde what ou seist4 and at ou recordest me e forseide inges4 ,haue ,i nat iuged quod she4 at blisfulnesse is goode4 is forsoe quod 4,i4 and at souereyne goode4 ,adde an quod she ilke goode at is maked blisfulnes to alle e forseide inges4 ,for ilke same blisfulnesse at is demed to ben souereyne suffisaunce4 ilke self is souereyne power4 souereyne reuerence4 souereyne clernesse or noblesse and souereyne delit4 what seist ou an of alle ise inges4 at is to seyne4 suffisance power and ise oer inges4 ben ei an as membris of blisfulnesse4 or ben ei referred and brout to souereyne good4 ,ryt as alle inges at ben brout to e chief of hem4 b4 ,i vndirstonde wel quod 4,i4 what ou purposest to seke4 but ,i desijre to herkene at ou shewe it me4 p4 ,take now us e discressioun of is questioun quod she4 yif al ise inges quod she weren membris to felicite4 an weren ei diuerse at oon fro at oer4 ,and swiche is e nature of parties or of membris4 at dyuerse membris compounen a body4 ,certis quod ,i it ha wel ben shewed her byforne4 at alle ise inges ben alle on ing4 an ben ei none membris quod she4 for ellys it sholde seme at blisfulnesse were conioigned al of one membre alone4 but at is a ing at may nat ben doon4 is ing quod 4,i4 nys nat doutous4 but ,i abide to herkene e remenaunt of e questioun4 is is open and clere quod she4 at alle oer inges ben referred and brout to goode4 ,for erfore is suffisaunce requered4 ,for it is demed to ben good4 and fori is power requered4 for men trowen also at it be goode4 and is same ing mowe we inken and coueiten of reuerence and of noblesse and of delit4 an is souereyne good e soume and e cause of alle at aute be desired4 forwhi ilke ing at wi-holde no good in it self ne semblaunce of goode it ne may nat wel in no manere be desired ne requered4 and e contrarie4 ,for ou at inges by hir nature ne ben nat goode algates yif men wene at ei ben goode it ben ei desired as ou at ei were verrayly goode4 and erfore is it at men auten to wene by ryt at bounte be souereyne fyn and e cause of alle inges at ben to requeren4 ,but certis ilke at is cause for whiche men requeren any ing4 it seme at ilke same ing be most desired4 as us yif at a wyt wolde ryde for cause of hele4 he ne desire nat so mychel e moeuyng to ryden as e effect of his heele4 ,now an syn at alle inges ben requered for e grace of good4 ei ne ben nat desired of alle folk more an e same good ,but we han graunted at blysfulnesse is at ing for whiche at alle ise oer inges ben desired4 an is it us at certis only blisfulnesse is requered and desired ,by whiche ing it shewe clerely at good and blisfulnesse is al oone and e same substaunce4 ,i se nat quod ,i wher fore at men myten discorden in is4 p4 and we han shewed at god and verrey blysfulnesse is al oon ing at is soe quod 4,i4 an mowe we conclude sikerly at e substaunce of god is set in ilke same good and in noon oer place4 ,,nunc ,,omnes ,,pariter ,,et,c4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ajthe ,metur4 ,o ,come alle to-gidre now e at ben ycaut and ybounde wi wickede cheines by e deceiuable delit of erely inges inhabytynge in oure out4 here shal ben e reste of oure laboures4 here is e hauene stable in peisible quiete4 is al oone is e open refut to wreches4 ,glosa4 is is to seyn4 at e at ben combred and deceyued wi worldly affecciouns come now to is souereyne good at is god4 at is refut to hem at wolen come to hym4 ,textus4 ,alle e inges at e ryuere ,tagus iue ow wi his goldene grauels4 or ellys alle e ynges at e ryuere hermus4 iue wi his rede brynke4 or at yndus iue at is nexte e hote partie of e worlde4 at medele e grene stones 7smaragde7 wi e white 7margarits74 ne sholde nat cleren e lokynge of oure ot4 but hiden raer oure blynde corages wi inne hire dirkenesse ,alle at like ow here and exciti and moeue oure outes4 e ere ha noryshed it in hys lowe caues4 but e shynyng by e whiche e heuene is gouerned and whennes at it ha hys strenge at chase e derke ouerrowyng of e soule4 ,and who so euer may knowen ilke lyt of blisfulnesse4 he shal wel seine at e white bemes of e sonne ne ben nat cleer4 ,,assencior ,,inq,,ua,m ,,cuncta4 ,boice4 ,sidenote3 ,the #aa prose4 ,i assente me quod 4,i4 ,for alle ise inges ben strongly bounden wi ryt ferme resouns4 how mychel wilt ou preisen it quod she4 yif at ou knowe what ilke goode is4 ,i wol preise it quod ,i by price wi outen ende4 yif it shal bytyde me to knowe also to-gidre god at is good4 certys quod she at shal ,i do e by verray resoun4 yif at o inges at ,i haue concluded a litel her by forne dwellen oonly in hir firste grauntyng4 ,boice4 ei dwellen graunted to e quod 4,i4 is is to seyne as who sei 4,i4 graunt i forseide conclusiouns4 ,haue ,i nat shewed e quod she at e inges at ben requered of many folke4 ne ben nat verray goodes ne perfit4 for ei ben diuerse at oon fro at oer4 and so as eche of hem is lakkyng to oer4 ei ne han no power to bryngen a good at is ful and absolute4 ,but an atte arst ben ei verray good whan ei ben gadred to-gidre al in to a forme and in to oon wirchyng4 so at ilke ing at is suffisaunce4 ilk same be power and reuerence4 and noblesse and mire4 ,and forsoe but alle ise inges ben alle o same ing ei ne han nat wher by at ei mowen ben put in e noumbre of inges4 at auten ben requered or desired4 b4 ,it is shewed quod 4,i4 ne her of may er no man douten4 p4 e inges an quod she at ne ben none goodes whan ei ben diuerse4 and whan ei bygynnen to ben al o ing4 an ben ei goodes4 ne comi it hem nat an by e getynge of unite at ei ben maked goodes4 b4 so it seme quod 4,i4 but alle ing at is good quod she grauntest ou at it be good by participacioun of good or no4 ,i graunte it quod 4,i4 an mayst ou graunten it quod she by sembleable resoun at oon and good ben o same ing4 ,for of inges of whiche at e effect nis nat naturely diuerse nedys e substaunce mot ben o same inge4 ,i ne may nat denye it quod ,i4 ,hast ou nat knowen wel quod she4 at al ing at is ha so longe his dwellyng and his substaunce4 as longe is it oone4 but whan it forleti to ben oone it mot nedis dien and corrumpe togidre4 ,in whiche manere quod 4,i4 ,ryt as in beestes quod she4 whan e soule and e body ben conioigned in oon and dwellen to-gidre it is cleped a beest4 and whan hire vnite is destroied by disseueraunce at oon fram at oir4 an shewe it wel at it is a dede ing4 and at it is no lenger no beste4 and e body of a wyt while it dwelle in oon forme by coniunccioun of membris it is wel seyn at it is a figure of mankynde4 and yif e partyes of e body ben so diuided and disseuered at oon fro at oir at ei destroien vnite4 e body forleti to ben at it was byforne4 ,and who so wolde renne in e same manere by alle inges he sholde seen at wi outen doute euery inge is in his substaunce as longe as it is oon4 and whan it forleti to ben oon it die and perissi4 boice4 whan ,i considre quod ,i many inges ,i see noon oer4 ,is er any ing anne quod she at in as moche as it lyue naturely4 at forleti e appetit or talent of hys beynge4 and desire to come to dee and to corrupcioun4 yif ,i considere quod ,i e beestes at han any manere nature of willynge or of nillynge ,i ne fynde no ing4 but yif it be constreyned fro wi out fore4 at forleti or dispise to lyue and to duren or at wole his ankes hasten hym to dien4 ,for euery beest trauayle hym to defende and kepe e sauuacioun of lijf4 and eschewe dee and destruccioun4 b4 but certys ,i doute me of herbes and of trees4 at is to seyn at ,i am in a doute of swiche inges as herbes or trees at ne han no felyng soule4 ne no naturel wirchynges seruyng to appetite as beestes han wheer ei han appetite to dwellen and to duren4 ,certis quod she ne er of ar e nat doute4 ,now look vpon ise herbes and ise trees4 ei waxen firste in swiche place as ben couenable to hem4 in whiche place ei ne mowen nat sone dien ne dryen as longe as hire nature may defenden hem4 ,for some of hem waxen in feldes and some in mountaignes4 and oir waxen in mareis4 ,a leaf lost here1 and supplied from ,c4 and oothre cleuyn on ,roches _/ and soume waxen plentyuos in sondes _/ and yif at any wyht enforce hym to beryn hem in to oother places _/ they wexen drye _/_/ ,for nature yeueth to euery thing at _/ at is conuenient to hym and trauaylith at they ne dye nat as longe as they han power to dwellyn and to lyuen _/_/ what woltow seyn of this _/ at they drawen alle hyr norysshynges by hyr rootes _/ ryht as they haddyn hyr ,mowthes ,i4-plounged with in the erthes _/ and shedyn by hyr maryes 7i4 medullas7 hyr wode and hyr bark _/ and what woltow seyn of this at thilke thing _/ at is ryht softe as the marye 7i4 sapp7 is _/ at is alwey hidd in the feete al with inne and at it is defendid fro with owte by the stidefastnesse of wode _/_/ and at the vttereste bark is put ayenis the destempraunce of the heuene _/ as a defendowr myhty to suffren harm _/ and thus certes maystow wel sen _/ how gret is the diligence of nature _/ ,for alle thinges renouelen and pupllisen hem with seed 4,i4-multiplyed _/ nether nis no man at ne wot wel at they ne ben ryht as a foundement and edyfice for to duren _/ nat only for a tyme _/ but ryht as forto duren perdurablely by generacyoun _/_/ and the thinges ek at men wenen ne hauen none sowles _/ ne desire they nat ech of hem by semblable resoun to kepyn at that is hirs _/ at is to seyn at is acordynge to hyr nature in conseruacioun of hyr beynge and endurynge _/_/ ,for wher for elles berith lythnesse the flaumbes vp _/ and the weyhte presseth the erthe a-doun _/_/ but ,for as moche as thilke places and thilke moeuynges ben couenable to euerich of hem _/_/ and forsothe euery thing kepith thilke at is acordynge and propre to hym _/_/ ryht as thinges at ben contraryes and enemys corompen hem _/_/ and yit the harde thinges as stoones clyuen and holden hyr partyes to gydere ryht faste and harde _/ and deffenden hem in withstondenge at they ne departe nat lyhtly a twyne _/_/ and the thinges at ben softe and fletynge as is water and ,eyr they departyn lyhtly _/_/ and yeuen place to hem at brekyn or deuyden hem _/_/ but natheles they retornen sone ayein in to the same thinges fro whennes they ben arraced _/_/ but fyr fleet and refuseth alle deuysyoun _/ ne ,i4 ne trete nat heere now of weleful moeuynges of the sowle at is knowynge _/_/ but of the naturel entencioun of thinges _/_/ ,as thus ryht as we swolwe the mete at we resseyuen and ne thinke nat on it _/ and as we drawen owre breth in slepynge at we wite it nat whil we slepyt _/_/ ,for certes in the beestys the loue of hyr lyuynges ne of hyr beeinges ne comth nat of the wilnynges of the sowle _/_/ but of the bygynnyngis of nature _/_/ ,for certes thorw constreynynge causes _/ wil desireth and embraceth ful ofte tyme _/ the deth at nature dredith _/_/ that is to seyn as thus that a man may ben constreynyd so by som cause that his wil desireth and taketh the deth which at nature hateth and dredeth ful sore _/_/ ,and som tyme we seeth the contrarye _/ as thus that the wil of a wight _/ destorbeth and constreyneth at at nature desireth _/ and requereth al-wey _/_/ that is to sein the werk of generacioun _/ by the whiche generacioun only _/ dwelleth and is sustenyd the longe durablete of mortal thinges _/_/ ,and thus this charite and this ,loue at euery thing hath to hym self ne comth nat of the moeuynge of the sowle _/ but of the entencioun of nature _/_/ ,for the puruyance of god hat yeuen to thinges at ben creat of hym _/ this at is a ful gret cause _/ to lyuen and to duren _/ for which they desiren naturelly hyr lyf as longe as euer they mowen _/_/ ,for whych thou maist nat drede by no manere _/ that alle the thinges _/ that ben anywhere _/ that they ne requeren naturelly _/ the ferme stablenesse of perdurable dwellynge _/ and ek the eschuynge of destruccyoun _/_/ ,b _/_/ now confesse ,i4 wel quod ,i4 that ,i4 see wel now certeynly _/ with owte dowtes _/ the thinges that whylom semeden vncerteyn to me _/ ,p4 _/_/ but quod she thilke thyng at desiret to be and to dwellyn perdurablely _/ he desireth to ben oon _/_/ ,for yif at that oon weere destroied _/_/ certes beinge ne shulde ther non dwellyn to no wiht _/_/ that is sot quod ,i4 _/_/ ,thanne quod she desirin alle thinges oon _/_/ 4,i4 assente quod 4,i4 _/_/ and ,i haue shewyd quod she that thilke same oon is thilke that is good _/_/ ,b _/_/ ye forsothe quod ,i4 _/_/ ,alle thinges thanne quod she requyren good _/_/ ,and thilke good thanne ow maist descryuen ryht thus _/_/ ,good is thilke thing at euery wyht desireth _/_/ ,ther ne may be thowht quod 4,i4 no moore verray thing _/ for either alle thinges ben referred and browht to nowht _/ and floteryn with owte gouernour despoiled of oon _/ as of hir propre heued _/ or elles yif ther be any thinge _/ to which at alle thinges tenden and hyen _/ that thing moste ben the souereyn good of alle goodes _/ ,p _/4 thanne seyde she thus _/_/ ,o my norry quod she ,i haue gret gladnesse of the _/_/ ,for thow hast fichched in thin herte the myddel sothtfastnesse _/_/ that is to seyn the prykke _/_/ but this thing hath ben descouered to the _/ in that thow seydyst at thow wystest nat a lytel her by-forn _/_/ what was that quod ,i4 _/_/ ,that thow ne wystest nat quod she whych was the ende of thinges _/_/ and ,certes that is the thing at euery wiht desireth _/_/ and for as mochel as we han gaderid _/ and comprehendyd that good is thilke thing that is desired of alle _/ thanne moten we nedes confessun _/ that good is the fyn of alle thinges4 ,,quisquis ,p,,ro,,funda ,,mente4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#aa4 ,metrum4 ,w,ho so that sekith sot by a deep thoght ,and coueyteth nat to ben deseyuyd by no mys-weyes _/_/ lat hym rollen and trenden with ,inne hym self _/ the ,lyht of his inward syhte _/_/ ,and lat hym gadere ayein enclynynge in to a compas the longe moeuynges of hys thowhtes _/ ,and lat hym techen his corage that he hath enclosed and hyd _/ in his tresors _/ al at he compaseth or sekith fro with owte _/_/ ,and thanne thilke thing that the blake cloude of errour whilom hadde y-couered _/ shal lyhten more clerly thanne phebus hym self ne shyneth _/_/ ,glosa _/_/ who so wole seken the depe grounde _/ of soth in his thowht _/ and wol nat be deceyuyd by false proposiciouns _/ that goon amys fro the trouthe _/_/ lat hym wel examine _/ and rolle with inne hym self the nature and the propretes of the thing _/_/ and lat hym yit eft sones examine and rollen his thowhtes by good deliberacioun or that he deme _/_/ and lat hym techen his sowle that it hat by naturel pryncyplis kyndeliche y-hyd with in it self alle the trowthe the whiche he ymagynith to ben in thinges with owte _/_/ ,and thanne alle the dyrknesse of his mysknowynge shal seen more euydently to e syhte of his vndyrstondynge thanne the sonne ne semyth to e syhte with owte forth _/ ,for certes the body bryngynge the weyhte of foryetynge _/ ne hath nat chasyd owt of yowre thowhte al the clernesse of yowre knowyng _/_/ ,for certeynly the seed of sooth haldith and clyueth with in yowre corage _/ and it is a-waked and excited by the wynde and by the blastes of doctryne _/_/ ,for where for elles demen ye of yowre owne wyl the ryhtes whan ye ben axed _/_/ but yif so were at the noryssynges of resoun ne lyuede 4,i4-plowngyd in the depthe of yowre herte _/_/ this is to seyn how sholden men demen e sooth of any thing at weere axed _/ yif ther neere a ,roote of sothfastnesse at weere yplowngyd and hyd in the naturel pryncyplis _/ the whiche sothfastnesse lyued with in the depnesse of the thowght _/_/ and yif so be at the ,muse and the doctryne of plato syngyth sooth _/_/ al at euery whyht lerneth _/ he ne doth no thing elles thanne but recordeth as men recordyn thinges at ben foryetyn4 ,,tum ,,ego ,,platoni ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#ab4 prose4 ,t,hanne seide ,i thus _/_/ ,i acorde me gretly to plato _/ for thow remenbrist and recordist me thise thinges yit e seconde tyme4 at is to seyn4 first whan ,i loste my memorie by e contagios coniunccioun of e body wi e soule4 and eftsones afterward whan ,i loste it confounded by e charge and by e burden of my sorwe4 ,and an sayde she us4 ,if ou looke quod she firste e inges at ou hast graunted it ne shal nat ben ryt feer at ou ne shalt remembren ilke ing at ou seidest at ou nistest nat4 what ing quod ,i4 by whiche gouerment quod she at is worlde is gouerned4 ,me remembri it wel quod ,i4 and ,i confesse wel at ,i ne wiste it nat ,but al be it so at ,i se now from afer what ou purposest ,algates ,i desire it to herkene it of e more pleynely4 ou ne wendest nat quod she a litel here byforne at men sholden doute at is worlde is gouerned by god4 ,certys quod ,i ne itte doute ,i it naut4 ne ,i nil neuer wene at it were to doute4 as who sei4 but ,i wot wel at god gouerne is worlde4 ,and ,i shal shortly answere e by what resouns ,i am brout to is4 is worlde quod ,i of so many dyuerse and contrarious parties ne myten neuer han ben assembled in o forme4 but yif ere ne were oon at conioigned so manye diuerse inges4 ,and e same diuersite of hire natures at so discordeden at oon fro at oer moste departen and vnioignen e inges at ben conioigned4 yif ere ne were oon at contenede at he ha conioigned and ybounde4 ne e certein ordre of nature ne sholde4 nat brynge fure so ordinee moeuynge4 by places4 by tymes4 by doynges4 by spaces4 by qualites4 yif ere ne were oon at were ay stedfast dwellynge4 at ordeynede and disposede ise diuersites of moeuynges4 and ilke inge what so euer it be4 by whiche at alle inges ben maked and ylad4 ,i clepe hym god at is a worde at is vsed to alle folke4 an seide she4 syn ou felest us ise inges quod she4 ,i trowe at ,i haue lytel more to done4 at ou myty of wilfulnesse hool and sounde ne se eftsones i contre4 ,but lat vs loken e inges at we han purposed her-byforn4 ,haue ,i nat noumbred and seid quod she at suffisaunce is in blisfulnesse4 and we han accorded at god is and ilke same blisfulnesse4 yis forsoe quod ,i4 and at to gouerne is worlde quod she4 ne shal he neuer han nede of none helpe fro wioute4 for ellys yif he hadde nede of any helpe4 he ne sholde not haue no ful suffisaunce4 is us it mot nedes be quod ,i4 an ordeyne he by hym self al oon alle inges quod she4 at may nat ben denied quod ,i4 ,and ,i haue shewed at god is e same good4 ,it remembre me wel quod ,i4 an ordeine he alle inges by ilke goode quod she4 ,syn he whiche we han accorded to ben good gouerne alle ingus by hym self4 and he is a keye and a stiere by whiche at e edifice of is worlde is ykept stable and wi oute corumpynge ,i accorde me gretly quod ,i4 and ,i aperceiuede a litel here byforn at ou woldest seyne us4 ,al be it so at it were by a inne suspecioun4 ,i trowe it wel quod she4 ,for as ,i trowe ou leedest nowe more ententifly ine eyen to loken e verray goodes but naeles e inges at ,i shal telle e it ne shewe nat lasse to loken4 what is at quod ,i4 ,so as men trowen quod she and at rytfully at god gouerne alle inges by e keye of his goodnesse4 ,and alle ise same inges as ,i haue taut e4 hasten hem by naturel entencioun to comen to goode er may no man douten4 at ei ne ben gouerned uoluntariely4 and at ei ne conuerten hem nat of her owen wille to e wille of hire ordenour4 as ei at ben accordyng and enclinynge to her gouernour and her kyng4 ,it mot nedys be so quod4 ,i4 ,for e realme ne sholde not seme blisful if ere were a ok of mysdrawynges in diuerse parties ne e sauynge of obedient inges ne sholde nat be4 an is ere no ing quod she at kepi hys nature2 at enforce hym to gone aeyne god4 ,no quod4 ,i4 ,and if at any ing enforcede hym to wistonde god4 myte it auayle at e laste aeyns hym at we han graunted to ben al myty by e ryt of blisfulnesse4 ,certis quod ,i al outerly it ne myte nat auaylen hym4 an is ere no ing quod she at eyer wol or may wistonde to is souereyne good4 ,i trowe nat quod4 ,i an is ilke e souereyne good quod she at alle ingus gouerne strongly and ordeyne hem softly4 an seide ,i us4 ,i delite me quod ,i nat oonly in e endes or in e sommes of the resouns at ou hast concludid and proued4 ,but ilke wordes at ou vsest deliten me moche more4 ,so at e laste fooles at somtyme renden greete inges auten ben asshamed of hem self4 at is to seyne at we fooles at reprehenden wickedly e ingus at touchen goddes gouernaunce we auten ben asshamed of oure self4 ,as ,i at seide god refuse oonly e werkes of men4 and ne entremeti nat of hem4 p4 ou hast wel herd quod she e fables of e poetes4 how e geauntes assailden e heuene wi e goddes4 but for soe e debonaire force of god disposede hem so as it was wori4 at is to seyne distroiede e geauntes4 as it was wori4 ,but wilt ou at we ioygnen togedre ilke same resouns4 for perauenture of swiche coniunccioun may sterten vp some faire sperkele of soe ,do quod ,i as e list4 wenest ou quod she at god ne is almyty4 no man is in doute of it4 ,certys quod ,i no wyt ne defendi it if he be in hys mynde4 but he quod she at is al myty ere nis no ing at he ne may do4 at is soe quod ,i4 ,may god done yuel quod she4 nay for soe quod4 ,i4 an is yuel no ing quod she4 ,syn at he ne may not done yuel at may done alle inges4 scornest ou me quod4 ,i4 or ellys pleyest ou or deceiuest ou me4 at hast so wouen me wi i resouns4 e house of didalus so entrelaced4 at it is vnable to ben vnlaced4 ou at oer while entrest ere ou issest and oer while issest ere ou entrest4 ne fooldest ou nat to gidre by replicacioun of wordes a maner wondirful cercle or envirounynge of symplicite deuyne4 ,for certys a litel her byforne whan ou bygunne atte blisfulnesse ou seidest at it is souereyne good4 and seidest at it is set in souereyne god4 and at god is e fulle blisfulnesse4 for whiche ou afe me as a couenable ifte4 at is to seyne at no wyt nis blisful4 but yif he be good al so er wi and seidest eke at e forme of goode is e substaunce of god4 and of blisfulnesse4 and seidest at ilke same oone is ilke same goode at is requered and desired of al e kynde of inges4 and ou proeuedest in disputynge at god gouerne alle the inges of e worlde by e gouernementys of bountee4 and seydest at alle inges wolen ybeyen to hym4 and seidest at e nature of yuel nis no ing4 and ise inges ne shewedest ou nat wi no resouns ytake fro wioute but by proues in cercles and homelyche knowen4 e whiche proeues drawen to hem self hir fei and hir accorde eueriche of hem of oer4 an seide she us4 ,i ne scorne e nat ne pleye ne desseyue e4 but ,i haue shewed to e inge at is grettest ouer alle inges by e ifte of god at we some tyme prayden ,for is is e forme of the deuyne substaunce4 at is swiche at it ne slyde nat in to outerest foreine inges4 ne ne receyue no strange inges in hym4 but ryt as parmaynws seide in grek of ilke deuyne substaunce4 he seide us at ilke deuyne substaunce torne e worlde and ilke cercle moeueable of inges while ilke dyuyne substaunce kepi it self wi outen moeuynge4 at is to seyne at it ne moeui neuere mo4 and itte it moeue alle oer inges4 but na-eles yif ,i haue stered resouns at ne ben nat taken fro wi oute e compas of e inge of whiche we treten4 but resouns at ben bystowed wi inne at compas ere nis nat whi at ou sholdest merueylen4 sen ou hast lerned by e sentence of plato at nedes e wordes moten ben cosynes to o inges of whiche ei speken4 ,,felix ,,qui ,,poterit4 ,,et ,,cet,,er,a4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#ab4 ,metur4 ,blisful is at man at may seen e clere welle of good4 blisful is he at may vnbynde hym fro e bonde of heuy ere4 e poete of trace orpheus at somtyme hadde ryt greet sorowe for e dee of hys wijf4 aftir at he hadde maked by hys wepely songes e wodes meueable to rennen4 and hadde ymaked e ryueres to stonden stille4 and maked e hertys and hyndes to ioignen dredles hir sides to cruel lyouns to herkene his songe4 and hadde maked at e hare was nat agast of e hounde whiche at was plesed by hys songe4 so at whane e moste ardaunt loue of hys wijf brende e entrailes of his brest4 ne e songes at hadde ouer comen alle inges ne myten nat assuage hir lorde orpheus4 ,he pleynede hym of e godes at weren cruel to hym4 he wente hym to e houses of helle and ere he temprede hys blaundissyng songes by resounyng of hys strenges4 ,and spak and song in wepynge alle at euer he hadde resceyued and laued oute of e noble welles of hys modir calliope e goddesse4 and he song wi as mychel as he myte of wepynge4 and wi as myche as loue at doublede his sorwe myte euen hym and teche hym in his seke herte4 ,and he commoeuede e helle and requerede and soute by swete preiere e lordes of soules in helle of relesynge4 at is to seyne to elden hym hys wif4 ,cerberus e porter of helle wi his re heuedes was caut and al abaist for e newe songe4 and e re goddesses furijs and vengerisse of felonies at tourmenten and agasten e soules by anoye wexen sorweful and sory and wepen teres for pitee4 an was nat e heued of ,ixione ytourmented by e ouerrowing whele4 ,and tantalus at was destroied by e woodnesse of longe rust dispise e flodes to drynke4 e fowel at hyt voltor at eti e stomak or e giser of ticius is so fulfilled of his songe at it nil etyn ne tyren no more4 ,atte e laste e lorde and ,iuge of soules was moeued to misericordes and criede we ben ouer comen quod he4 yife we to orpheus his wijf to bere hym compaignye he ha welle ,i-bout hir by his faire songe and his ditee4 but we wil putten a lawe in is4 and couenaunt in e ifte4 at is to seyne4 at til he be out of helle yif he loke byhynden hym at hys wijf shal comen aeine to vs but what is he at may eue a lawe to loueres4 loue is a gretter lawe and a strengere to hym self an any lawe at men may euen4 ,allas whan ,orpheus and his wijf were al most at e termes of e nyt4 at is to seyne at e laste boundes of helle4 ,orpheus lokede abakwarde on ,erudice his wijf and loste hir and was deed4 is fable apperteine to ow alle who so euer desire or seki to lede his oute in to e souereyne day4 at is to seyne to clerenesse of souereyne goode4 ,for who so at euere be so ouer comen at he fycche hys eyen in to e putte of helle4 at is to seyne who so sette his outes in erely inges4 al at euer he ha drawen of e noble good celestial he lesi it whan he loke e helles4 at is to seyne to lowe inges of e ere4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,tercius4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,quartus4 ,,hec ,,cum ,,philosophia ,,dignitate ,,uult,,us4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ama prose4 ,whanne philosophie hadde songen softly and delitably e forseide inges kepynge e dignitee of hir choere in e weyte of hir wordes4 ,i an at ne hadde nat al outerly foreten e wepyng and mournyng at was set in myne herte for-brek e entencioun of hir at entendede itte to seyne oer inges4 ,se quod ,i4 ou at art gideresse of verray lyte e inges at ou hast seid me hider to ben to me so clere and so shewyng by e deuyne lokyng of hem and by i resouns at ei ne mowe nat ben ouercomen4 ,and ilke ingus at ou toldest me4 al be it so at ,i hadde som tyme foreten hem for the sorwe of e wronge at ha ben don to me4 it naeles ei ne were nat alouterly vnknowen to me4 but is same is namly a gret cause of my sorwe4 at so as e gouernoure of inges is goode4 yif at yuelys mowen ben by any weyes4 or ellys yif at yuelys passen wi outen punyssheinge4 e whiche inge oonly how wori it is to ben wondred vpon4 ou considerest it weel i self certeynly4 but itte to is ing ere is an oer ing y-ioigned more to ben ywondred vpon4 ,for felonie is emperisse and flowre ful of rycchesse4 and vertues nis nat al oonly wi outen medes4 but it is cast vndir and fortroden vndir e feet of felonous folk4 and it abie e tourmentes in sted of wicked felouns ,of alle whiche ing er nis no wyt at may merueyllen ynou ne compleyne at swiche inges ben don in e regne of god at alle inges woot4 and alle inges may and ne wool nat but only goode inges4 an seide she us4 certys quod she at were a grete meruayle and an enbaissynge wiouten ende4 and wel more horrible an alle monstres yif it were as ou wenest4 at is to sein4 at in e ryt ordeyne house of so mochel a fader and an ordenour of meyne4 at e vesseles at ben foule and vyle sholde ben honoured and heried4 and e precious uesseles sholde ben defouled and vyle4 but it nis nat so4 ,for yif e inges at ,i haue concluded a litel here byforne ben kept hoole and vnraced4 ou shalt wel knowe by e auctorite of god4 of e whos regne ,i speke at certys e goode folk ben alwey myty4 and shrewes ben alwey yuel and feble4 ne e vices ben neuere mo wi outen peyne2 ne e vertues ne ben nat wi outen mede4 and at blisfulnesses comen alwey to goode folke4 and infortune come alwey to wicked folke4 ,and ou shalt wel knowe manye inges of is kynde at sholle cessen i pleyntes4 and stedfast e wi stedfast saddenesse4 ,and for ou hast seyn e forme of e verray blisfulnesse by me at haue somtyme ,i-shewed it e4 ,and ou hast knowen in whom blysfulnesse is set4 alle inges ,i treted at ,i trowe ben nessessarie to putte fure ,i shal shewe e4 e weye at shal brynge e aeyne vnto i house and ,i shal ficche feeres in i out by whiche it may arysen in heyte4 so at al tribulacioun don awey ou by my gidyng by my pae and by my sledes shalt mowen retourne hool and sounde in to i contre4 ,,su,n,t ,,etenim ,,penne4 ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste metur4 ,i ,haue for soe swifte feeres at surmounten e heyt of e heuene whan e swifte out ha cloed it self4 in o feeres it dispise e hateful eres4 and surmounte e heyenesse of e greete eyir4 and it sei e cloudes by-hynde hir bak and passe e heyt of e regioun of e fire at eschaufi by e swifte moeuyng of e firmament4 til at she a-reisi hir in til e houses at beren e sterres4 and ioygne hir weyes wi e sonne phebus4 and felawshipe e weye of e olde colde saturnus4 and she ymaked a knyt of e clere sterre4 at is to seyne at e soule is maked goddys knyt by e sekyng of treue to comen to e verray knowlege of god4 and ilke soule renne by e cercle of e sterres in alle e places ere as e shynyng nyt is depeynted4 at is to seyne e nyt at is cloudeles4 for on nytes at ben cloudeles it seme as e heuene were peynted wi dyuerse ymages of sterres4 and whan e soule ha gon ynou she shal forleten e laste poynt of e heuene4 and she shal pressen and wenden on e bak of e swifte firmament4 and she shal ben maked perfit of e dredefulle clerenesse of god4 ere halde e lorde of kynges e ceptre of his myt and attempere e gouernementes of is worlde4 and e shynynge iuge of inges stable in hym self gouerne e swifte carte4 at is to seyne e circuler moeuyng of the sonne4 and yif i weye lede e aeyne so at ou be brout ider4 an wilt ou seye now at at is e contre at ou requeredest of whiche ou ne haddest no mynde4 but now it remenbre me wel here was ,i born4 here wil ,i fastne my degree4 here wil ,i dwelle4 but yif e lyke an to loken on e derkenesse of e ere at ou hast for-leten4 an shalt ou seen at ise felonous tyrauntes at e wrecchede poeple drede now shule ben exiled from ilke faire contre4 ,,tunc ,,ego ,,pape ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the #b;e prose4 ,anne seide ,i us4 owh ,i wondre me at ou by-hetest me so grete inges4 ne ,i ne doute nat at ou ne mayst wel performe at ou by-hetest4 but ,i preie e oonly is4 at ou ne tarie nat to telle me ilke inges at ou hast meoued4 first quod she ou most nedes knowen4 at goode folk ben al wey stronge and myty4 and e shrewes ben feble and desert and naked of alle strenges4 and of ise inges certys eueryche of hem is declared and shewed by oer4 ,for so as good and yuel ben two contraries4 yif so be at goode be stedfast4 an shewe e fieblesse of yuel al openly4 and yif ou knowe clerely e freelnesse of yuel4 e stedfastnesse of goode is knowen4 but for as moche as e fey of my sentence shal be e more ferme and haboundaunt4 ,i wil goon by at oon wey and by at oer and ,i wil conferme e inges at ben purposed now on is side and now on at syde4 ,two inges er ben in whiche e effect of alle e dedes of man kynde standi4 at is to seyn4 wil and power4 and yif at oon of ise two fayle ere nis no ing at may be don4 for yif at wil lakke ere nys no wyt at vndirtake to done at he wol not don4 and yif power fayle e wille nis but in ydel and stant for naut4 and er of come it at yif ou se a wyt at wolde geten at he may nat geten4 ou mayst nat douten at power ne fayle hym to hauen at he wolde4 is is open and clere quod ,i4 ne it may nat ben denyed in no manere4 and yif ou se a wyt quod she4 at ha don at he wolde don ou nilt nat douten at he ne ha had power to done it4 no quod4 ,i4 and in at4 at euery wyt may4 in at at men may holden hym myty4 as who sei in as moche as a man is myty to done a ing4 in so moche men halden hym myty4 and in at at he ne may4 in at men demen hym to ben feble4 ,i confesse it wel quod ,i4 ,remembri e quod she at ,i4 haue gadred and shewed by forseide resouns at al e entencioun of e wil of mankynde whiche at is lad by diuerse studies hasti to comen to blisfulnesse4 ,it remembre me wel quod ,i at it hath ben shewed4 and recorde e nat an quod she4 at blisfulnesse is ilke same goode at men requeren4 so at whan at blisfulnesse is requered of alle4 at goode also is requered and desired of al4 ,it recorde me wel quod ,i4 for haue it gretly alwey ficched in my memorie4 alle folk an quod she goode and eke badde enforcen hem wi oute difference of entencioun to comen to goode4 at is a uerray consequence quod ,i4 and certeyne is quod she at by e getyng of goode ben men ymaked goode4 is is certeyne quod4 ,i4 an geten goode men at ei desiren4 so seme it quod ,i4 but wickede folk quod she yif ei geten e goode at ei desiren ei ne mowen nat ben wicked4 so is it quod 4,i4 an so as at oon and at oer quod she desiren good4 and e goode folk geten good and nat e wicked folk an nis it no doute at e goode folk ne ben myty and e wicked folk ben feble4 who so at euer quod ,i doute of is4 he ne may nat considre e nature of inges4 ne e consequence of resoun4 and ouer is quod she4 yif at er ben two inges at han o same purpos by kynde4 and at one of hem pursue and performe ilke same inge by naturel office4 and at oer ne may nat done ilk naturel office4 but folwe by oer manere an is couenable to nature ,hym at acomplisi hys purpos kyndely4 and it he ne acomplisi nat hys owen purpos4 wheer of ise two demest ou for more myty4 yif at ,i coniecte quod 4,i4 at ou wilt seye algates4 it ,i desire to herkene it more pleynely of e4 ou nilt nat an denye quod she at e moeuement of goynge nis in men by kynde4 no for soe quod ,i4 ne ou ne doutest nat quod she at ilke naturel office of goynge ne be e office of feet4 ,i ne doute it nat quod 4,i4 an quod she yif at a wyt be myty to moeue and go vpon hys feet4 and anoer to whom ilke naturel office of feet lakke4 enforce hym to gone crepynge vpon hys handes4 whiche of ise two aute to ben holden more myty by ryt4 knyt fure e remenaunt quod ,i4 ,for no wyt ne doute at he at may gone by naturel office of feet4 ne be more myty an he at ne may nat but e souereyne good quod she at is euenlyche purposed to e good folk and to badde4 e good folke seken it by naturel office of uertues4 and e shrewes enforcen hem to geten it by dyuerse couetise of erely inges4 whiche at nis no naturel office to geten ilke same souereyne goode4 trowest ou at it be any oer wyse4 nay quod 4,i4 for e consequence is open and shewynge of inges at ,i haue graunted4 at nedes goode folk moten ben myty4 and shrewes feble and vnmyty4 ou rennest aryt byfore me quod she4 and is is e iugement at is to seyn4 ,i iuge of e ryt as ise leches ben wont forto hopen of seke folk whan ei aperceyuen at nature is redressed and wistonde to e maladie4 ,but for ,i see e now al redy to e vndirstandynge ,i shal shewe e more ilke and continuel resouns4 ,for loke now how gretly shewi e feblesse and infirmite of wicked folke4 at ne mowen nat come to at hire naturel entencioun lede hem4 and itte almost ilk naturel entencioun constreine hem4 and what were to deme an of shrewes4 yif ilke naturel helpe hadde for-leten hem4 e whiche naturel helpe of entencioun go alwey byforne hem4 and is so grete at vnne it may be ouercomen4 ,considre an how gret defaute of power and how gret feblesse ere is in grete felonous folk as who sei e gretter inges at ben coueited and e desire nat accomplissed of e lasse myt is he at coueite it and may nat acomplisse4 ,and fori philosophie sei us by souereyne good4 ,sherewes ne requere nat lyte medes ne veyne gaines whiche ei ne may nat folwen ne holden4 but ei faylen of ilke some of e heyte of inges at is to seyne souereyne good4 ne ise wrecches ne comen nat to e effect of souereyne good4 e whiche ei enforcen hem oonly to geten by nytes and by dayes4 ,in e getyng of whiche goode e strenge of good folk4 is ful wel ysen4 ,for ryt so as ou mytest demen hym myty of goynge at go on hys feet til he myte come to ilke place fro e whiche place ere ne lay no wey forer to be gon4 ,ryt so most ou nedes demen hym for ryt myty at geti and atteini to e ende of alle inges at ben to desire4 by-onde e whiche ende at er nis no ing to desire4 ,of whiche power of good folk men may conclude at wicked men semen to ben bareyne and naked of alle strenge4 ,for whi forleten ei vertues and folwen vices4 nis it nat for at ei ne knowen nat e goodes4 ,but what ing is more feble and more caitif an is e blyndenesse of ignoraunce4 or ellys ei knowen ful wel whiche inges at ei auten to folwen but lecherye and couetise ouerrowe hem mysturned4 and certis so do distemperaunce to feble men4 at ne mowen nat wrastle aeins e vices ,ne knowen ei nat an wel at ei foreleten e good wilfully4 and turnen hem vilfully to vices4 ,and in is wise ei ne forleten nat oonly to ben myty4 but ei forleten al outerly in any wise forto ben ,for ei at forleten e comune fyn of alle inges at ben4 ei for-leten also erwi al forto ben4 and perauenture it sholde semen to som folk at is were a merueile to seyne at shrewes whiche at contienen e more partie of men ne ben nat4 ne han no beynge4 but naeles it is so4 and us stant is ing for ei at ben shrewes ,i denye nat at ei ben shrewes4 but ,i denye and seye symplely and pleynly at ei ne ben nat4 ne han no beynge4 for ryt as ou mytest seyn of e careyne of a man at it were a ded man4 but ou ne mytest nat symplely callen it a man4 ,so graunte ,i wel for soe at vicious folk ben wicked4 but ,i ne may nat graunten absolutely and symplely at ei ben4 ,for ilk ing at wi holde ordre and kepi nature4 ilk ing is and ha beynge4 but at ing at faile of at4 at is to seyne he at forleti naturel ordre he for-leti ilk beyng at is set in hys nature4 but ou wolt sein at shrewes mowen4 ,certys at ne denye ,i nat4 but certys hir power ne descende nat of strenge but of feblesse4 for ei mowen don wickednesses4 e whiche ei ne myten nat don yif ei myten dwelle in e forme and in e doynge of goode folke4 ,and ilke power shewe ful euydently at ei ne mowen ryt naut4 ,for so as ,i haue gadered and proued a lytel her byforn at yuel is naut4 and so as shrewes mowen oonly but shrewednesse4 is conclusioun is al clere4 at shrewes ne mowen ryt nat to han power4 and for as moche as ou vndirstonde whiche is e strenge at is power of shrewes4 ,i haue diffinised a lytel here byforn at no ing nis so myty as souereyne good at is soe quod 4,i4 and thilke same souereyn good may don non yuel _/_/ ,certes no quod ,i ,is er any wyt an quod she at weni at men mowen don alle inges4 ,no man quod 4,i4 but yif he be out of hys witte4 but certys sherewes mowen do yuel quod she4 e wolde god quod ,i at ei ne myten don none4 at quod she so as he at is myty to done oonly but goode inges may don alle inges4 and ei at ben myty to done yuele inges ne mowen nat alle inges4 an is is open ing and manifest at ei at mowen don yuel ben of lasse power4 and itte to proue is conclusioun ere helpe me is at ,i haue shewed here byforne4 at al power is to be noumbred amonge inges at men auten requere4 and haue shewed at alle inges at auten ben desired ben referred to good ryt as to a manere heyte of hyr nature4 ,but for to mowen don yuel and felonye ne may nat ben referred to good4 an nis nat yuel of e noumbre of inges at auten4 be desired4 but al power aute ben desired and requered4 an is it open and cler at e power ne e moeuyng of shrewes nis no powere4 and of alle ise inges it shewe wel at e goode folk ben certeynly myty4 and e shrewes ben douteles vnmyty ,and it is clere and open at ilke sentence of plato is uerray and soe4 at sey at oonly wisemen may doon at ei desiren4 and shrewes mowen haunten at hem lyke4 but at ei desiren at is to seyne to comen to souereyne good ei ne han no power to acomplissen at4 ,for shrewes don at hem list whan by o inges in whiche ei deliten ei wenen to atteyne to ilke good at ei desiren4 but ei ne geten ne atteynen nat er to4 for vices ne comen nat to blisfulnesse4 ,,quos ,,uides ,,sedere ,,celsos4 ,sidenote3 ,the ijde ,metur4 ,who so at e couertures of her veyn apparailes myte strepen of ise proude kynges at ou seest sitten on heye in her chayeres glyterynge in shynynge purpre envyroned wi sorweful armures manasyng wi cruel moue4 blowyng by woodnesse of herte4 ,he sholde se an at ilke lordes beren wi inne hir corages ful streyte cheynes for leccherye tormenti hem on at oon syde wi gredy venyms and troublable ,ire at araise in hem e floodes of troublynges tourmenti vpon at oer side hir out4 or sorwe halt hem wery or ycaut4 or slidyng and disseyuyng hope tourmenti hem4 ,and erfore syn ou seest on heed4 at is to seyne oon tyraunt bere so manye tyrauntis4 an ne do ilk tyraunt nat at he desiri4 syn he is cast doune wi so manye wicked lordes4 at is to seyn wi so manye vices4 at han so wicked lordshipes ouer hym4 ,,vides ,,ne ,,igitur ,,quanto4 ,sidenote3 ,the iij4de prose4 ,s,eest ou nat an in how gret file ise shrewes ben ywrapped4 and wi whiche cleernesse ise good folk shynen4 ,in is shewe it wel at to good folk ne lakke neuer mo hir medes4 ne shrewes ne lakken neuer mo tourmentis4 for of alle inges at ben ydon ilke ing for whiche any ing is doon4 it seme as by ryt at ilke ing be e mede of at4 as us4 yif a man renne in e stadie or in e forlonge for e corone4 an lie e mede in e corone for whiche he renne4 ,and ,i haue shewed at blisfulnesse is ilke same good for whiche at alle ingus ben don4 an is ilke same good purposed to e werkes of mankynde ryt as a comune mede4 whiche mede ne may ben disseuered fro good folk4 for no wyt as by ryt fro ennes fore at hym lakki goodnesse ne shal ben cleped good4 ,for whiche ing folk of goode maneres her medes ne forsaken hem neuer mo4 ,for al be it so at sherewes waxen as wood as hem list aeynes goode folk4 itte neuer e les e corone of wise men ne shal nat fallen ne faden4 ,for foreine shrewednesse ne bynyme nat fro e corages of goode folk hire propre honoure4 but yif at any wyt reioise hem of goodnesse at ei hadde taken fro wioute4 as who sei yif at any wyt hadde hys goodnesse of any oer man an of hym self4 certys he at af hym ilke goodnesse or ellys som oer wyt myte bynyme it hym4 but for as moche as to euery wyt hys owen propre bounte eue hym hys mede4 an at arst shal he faylen of mede whan he forleti to ben good4 and at e laste so as alle medes ben requered for men wenen at ei ben goode4 who is he at wolde deme at he at is ryt myty of goode were partles of mede4 and of what mede shal he be gerdoned4 certys of ryt faire mede and ryt greet abouen alle medes4 ,remembre e of ilk noble corolarie at ,i af e a lytel here byforne4 and gadre it to gidre in is manere4 so as god hym self is blisfulnesse4 an is it clere and certeyn4 at alle good folk ben makid blisful for ei ben goode4 and ilke folk at ben blisful it accordi and is couenable to ben goddes4 an is e mede of goode folk swiche4 at no day ne shal enpeyren it4 ne no wickednesse shal endirken it4 ne power of no wyt ne shal nat amenusen it at is to seyn to ben maked goddes4 and syn it is us at goode men ne faylen neuer mo of hire medes4 certys no wise man ne may doute of e vndepartable peyne of shrewes4 at is to seyn at e peyne of shrewes ne departi nat from hem self neuer mo4 ,for so as goode and yuel and peyne and medes ben contrarie it mot nedes ben at ryt as we seen by-tiden in gerdoun of goode4 at also mot e peyne of yuel answere by e contrarie partye to shrewes4 now an so as bounte and prowesse ben e medes to goode folk4 also is shrewednesse it self torment to shrewes an who so at euer is entecched and defouled wi yuel4 yif shrewes wolen an preisen hem self may it semen to hem at ei ben wi outen partye of tourment4 syn ei ben swiche at e vtteriste wikkednesse _/ at is to seyn wikkede thewes _/ which at is the outereste and e worste kynde of shrewednesse ne defouli nat ne entecehi nat hem oonly but infecti and enuenemy hem gretely ,and al so loke on shrewes at ben e contrarie partye of goode men4 how grete peyne felawshipe and folwe hem4 ,for ou hast lerned a litel here byforn at al ing at is and ha beynge is oon4 and ilke same oon is good4 an is is consequence at it seme wel4 at al at is and ha beynge is good4 is is to seyne4 as who sei at beynge and vnite and goodnesse is al oon4 and in is manere it folwe an4 at al ing at faile to ben good4 it stynti forto be4 and forto haue any beynge4 wher fore it is at shrewes stynten forto ben at ei weren4 but ilke oer forme of mankynde4 at is to seyne e forme of e body wi oute4 shewi it at ise shrewes were somtyme men4 wher fore whan ei ben peruerted and torned in to malice4 certys an han ei forlorn e nature of mankynde4 but so as oonly bounte and prowesse may enhawnse euery man ouer oer men4 an mot it nedes be at shrewes whiche at shrewednesse ha cast out of e condicioun of mankynde ben put vndir e merite and e deserte of men4 an bitidi it at yif ou seest a wyt at be transformed in to vices4 ou ne mayst nat wene at he be a man4 ,for if he be ardaunt in auarice4 and at he be a rauynour by violence of foreine rychesse4 ou shalt seyn at he is lyke to a wolf4 and yif he be felonous and wi out reste and exercise hys tonge to chidynges4 ou shalt lykene hym to e hounde4 and yif he be a preue awaitour yhid and reioyse hym to rauysshe by wyles4 ou shalt seyne hym lyke to e fox whelpes4 ,and yif he be distempre and quaki for ire men shal wene at he bere e corage of a lyoun4 and yif he be dredeful and fleynge and drede inges at ne auten nat ben dred4 men shal holde hym lyke to e herte4 and yif he be slowe and astoned and lache4 he lyue as an asse4 and yif he be lyt and vnstedfast of corage and chaunge ay his studies4 he is lickened to briddes4 and yif he be plounged in foule and vnclene luxuries4 he is wiholden in e foule delices of e foule soowe4 an folwe it at he at forleti bountee and prowesse4 he forleti to ben a man4 syn he ne may nat passe in to e condicioun of god4 he is tourned in to a beest4 ,v,e,,la ,,naricii ,,ducis4 ,sidenote3 ,the #c;de ,metur4 ,evrus e wynde aryue e sayles of vlixes duc of e contre of narice4 and hys wandryng shippes by e see in to e isle ere as ,circe e fayre goddesse douter of e sonne dwelle at medly to hir newe gestes drynkes at ben touched and maked wi enchauntment4 and after at hir hande myty of e herbes hadde chaunged hir gestes in to dyuerse maneres4 at oon of hem is couered his face wi forme of a boor4 at oer is chaunged in to a lyoun of e contre of marmorike4 and his nayles and his tee wexen4 at oer of hem is newliche chaunged in to a wolf4 and howeli whan he wolde wepe4 at oer go debonairly in e house as a tigre of ,inde4 but al be it so at e godhed of mercurie at is cleped e bride of arcadie ha had mercie of e duc vlixes byseged wi diuerse yueles and ha vnbounden hym fro e pestilence of hys oosteresse algates e rowers and e maryners hadden by is ydrawen in to hir moues and dronken e wickede drynkes ei at were woxen swyne hadden by is chaunged hire mete of brede forto ete acorns of ookes4 non of hir lymes ne dwelli wi hem hoole4 but ei han lost e voys and e body4 ,oonly hire out dwelle wi hem stable at wepi and bywaili e monstruous chaungynge at ei suffren4 ,o ouer lyt hand4 as who sei4 ,o feble and lyt is e hand of ,circes e enchaunteresse at chaunge e bodies of folk in to bestes to regarde and to comparisoun of mutacioun at is makid by vices4 ne e herbes of circes ne ben nat myty4 for al be it so at ei may chaungen e lymes of e body4 algates it ei may nat chaunge e hertes4 for wi inne is yhid e strenge and e vigour of men in e secre toure of hire hertys4 at is to seyn e strenge of resoun4 but ilke uenyms of vices to-drawen a man to hem more mytily an e venym of circes4 ,for vices ben so cruel at ei percen and oru passen e corage wi inne4 and ou ei ne anoye nat e body4 itte vices wooden to distroien men by wounde of out4 ,,tunc ,,ego ,,fateor ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe prose4 an seide ,i us ,i confesse and am aknowe quod ,i4 ne ,i ne se nat at men may seyn as by ryt4 at shrewes ne ben nat chaunged in to beestes by e qualite of hir soules4 ,al be it so at ei kepen itte e forme of e body of mankynde4 but ,i nolde nat of shrewes of whiche e out cruel woode alwey in to destruccioun of goode men4 at it were leueful to hem to done at4 ,certys quod she ne it nis nat leueful to hem as ,i shal wel shewen e in couenable place4 ,but naeles yif so were at ilke at men wenen ben leueful for shrewes were bynomen hem4 so at ei ne myten nat anoyen or don harme to goode men4 ,certys a gret party of e peyne to shrewes shulde ben allegged and releued4 ,for al be it so at is ne seme nat credible ing perauenture to somme folk it mot it nedes be at shrewes ben more wrecches and vnsely4 whan ei may don and performe at ei coueiten than yif they myhte nat complyssen at they coueyten4 ,for yif so be at it be wrecchednesse to wilne to don yuel2 an is it more wrecchednesse to mowen don yuel4 wi oute whiche moeuyng e wrecched wille sholde languisshe wi oute effecte4 an syn at eueryche of ise inges ha hys wrecchednesse4 at is to seyne wil to done yuel4 and moeuynge to done yuel4 it mot nedes be4 at ei 7shrewes7 ben constreyned by re vnselynesses at wolen and mowen and performen felonyes and shrewednesses4 ,i accorde me quod ,i4 but ,i desire gretely at shrewes losten sone ilke vnselynesses4 at is to seyne at shrewes were despoyled of moeuyng to don yuel4 so shullen ei quod she4 sonnere perauenture en ou woldest or sonnere en ei hem self wenen to lakken mowynge to done yuel4 ,for ere nis no ing so late in so short boundes of is lijf at is longe to abide4 namelyche to a corage inmortel4 ,of whiche shrewes e grete hope and e heye compassyngus of shrewednesse is often destroyed by a sodeyne ende or ei ben war4 and at ing establi to shrewes e ende of hir shrewednesse4 ,for yif at shrewednesse makie wrecches4 an mot he nedes be most wrecched at lengest is a shrewe4 e whiche wicked shrewes wolde ydemen aldirmost vnsely and caytifs yif at hir shrewednes ne were yfinissed4 at e leste weye by e outereste dee4 for yif ,i haue concluded soe of e vnselynesse of shrewednesse4 an shewe it clerely at ilke shrewednesse is wi outen ende e whiche is certeyne to ben perdurable4 ,certys quod ,i is conclusion is harde and wonderful to graunte4 ,but ,i knowe wel at it accorde moche to the inges at ,i haue graunted her byforne4 ou hast quod she e ryt estimacioun of is4 but who so euere wene at it be an harde ing to acorde hym to a conclusioun4 it is ryt at he shewe at somme of e premisses ben fals4 or ellys he mot shewe at e colasioun of preposiciouns nis nat spedful to a necessarie conclusion4 and yif it be nat so4 but at e premisses ben ygranted er nis nat whi he sholde blame e argument4 for is ing at ,i shal telle e nowe ne shal not seme lasse wondirful4 but of e inges at ben taken al so it is necessarie as who so sei it folwe of at whiche at is purposed byforn4 what is at quod ,i4 certys quod she at is at at ise wicked shrewes ben more blysful or ellys lasse wrecches4 at byen e tourmentes at ei han deserued4 an yif no peyne of ,iustice ne chastiede hem4 ne is ne seye ,i nat now for at any man myte enke at e maneres of shrewes ben coriged and chastised by veniaunce4 and at ei ben brout to e ryt wey by e drede of e tourment4 ne for at ei euen to oer folk ensample to fleyen from vices4 ,but ,i vndirstonde itte in an oer manere at shrewes ben more vnsely whan ei ne ben nat punissed al be it so at ere ne ben had no resoun or lawe of correccioun4 ne none ensample of lokynge4 ,and what manere shal at ben quod ,i4 ouer an ha ben told here byforn ,haue we nat graunted an quod she at goode folk ben blysful4 and shrewes ben wrecches4 is quod ,i4 thanne quod she if at any good were added to e wrecchenesse of any wyt4 nis he nat more blisful an he at ne ha no medelyng of goode in hys solitarie wrecchednesse4 so seme it quod ,i4 and what seyst ou an quod she of ilke wrecche at lakke alle goodes4 so at no goode nis medeled in hys wrecchednesse4 and itte ouer alle hys wickednesse for whiche he is a wrecche at er be itte anoer yuel anexid and knyt to hym4 shal not men demen hym more vnsely an ilke wrecche of whiche e vnselynesse is releued by e participacioun of som goode4 whi sholde he nat quod ,i4 an certys quod she han shrewes whan ei ben punissed somwhat of good anexid to hir wrecchednesse4 at is to seyne e same peyne at ei suffren whiche at is good by e resoun of ,iustice4 ,and whan ilke same shrewes ascapen wi outen tourment4 an han ei somwhat more of yuel it ouer e wickednesse at ei han don4 at is to seye defaute of peyne4 whiche defaute of peyne ou hast graunted is yuel4 ,for e desert of felonye ,i ne may nat denye it quod ,i4 ,moche more an quod she ben shrewes vnsely whan ei ben wrongfully delyuered fro peyne4 an whan ei be punissed by rytful vengeaunce4 but is is open ing and clere at it is ryt at shrewes ben punissed4 and it is wickednesse and wrong at ei escapin vnpunissed4 who myte denye at quod ,i4 but quod she may any man denye4 at al at is ryt nis good4 and also e contrarie4 at alle at is wrong nis wicked4 certys quod ,i ise inges ben clere ynou4 and at we han concludid a litel here byforne4 but ,i preye e at ou telle me yif ou accordest to leten no tourment to e soules aftir at e body is dedid by e dee4 is is to seyn4 vndirstondest ou out at soules han any tourment after e dee of e body4 ,certis quod she e and at ryt grete4 of whiche soules quod she ,i trowe at somme ben tourmentid by asprenesse of peyne4 and somme soules ,i trowe be excercised by a purging mekenesse4 but my conseil nys nat to determyne of is peyne4 but ,i haue trauayled and told it hider to4 ,for ou sholdest knowe at e mowynge 4i4 myght of shrewes whiche mowynge e seme to ben4 vnwori nis no mowynge4 and eke of shrewes of whiche ou pleynedest at ei ne were nat punissed4 at ou woldest seen at ei ne weren neuer mo wi outen e torment of hire wickednesse4 and of e licence of mowynge to done yuel4 at ou preidest at it myte sone ben endid4 and at ou woldest fayne lerne4 at it ne sholde nat longe endure4 and at shrewes ben more vnsely yif ei were of lenger duryng4 and most vnsely yif ei weren perdurable4 and after is ,i haue shewed e at more vnsely ben shrewes whan ei escapen wi oute rytful peyne4 an whan ei ben punissed by rytful uengeaunce4 and of is sentence folwe it at an ben shrewes constreyned atte laste wi most greuous tourment4 whan men wene at ei ne ben nat ypunissed4 whan ,i considre i resouns quod ,i4 ,i4 ne trowe nat at men seyn any ing more verrely4 and yif ,i tourne aeyn to e studies of men4 who is he to whom it sholde seme at he ne sholde nat only leuen ise inges4 but eke gladly herkene hem4 ,certys quod she so it is4 but men may nat4 for ei han hire eyen so wont to derkenesse of erely inges4 at ei may nat liften hem vp to e lyt of clere soefastnes4 ,but ei ben lyke to briddes of whiche e nyt lytne hyre lookyng4 and e day blynde hem4 for whan men loken nat e ordre of inges but hire lustes and talent4 ei wene at oir e leue or e mowynge to done wickednesse or ellys e escaping wi oute peyne be weleful4 but considere e iugement of e perdurable lawe4 for if ou conferme i corage to e beste inges4 ou ne hast no nede to no iuge to iuen e pris or meede4 for ou hast ioigned i self to e most excellent ing4 and yif ou haue enclined i studies to e wicked inges4 ne seek no foreyn wrekere out of i self4 for ou i self hast rest e in to wicked inges4 ryt as ou mytest loken by dyuerse tymes e foule ere and e heuene4 and at alle oer inges stynten fro wi oute4 so at ou nere neyther in heuene ne in erthe ne saye no ing more4 an sholde it semen to e as by only resoun of lokynge4 at ou were in e sterres4 and now in e ere4 but e poeple ne loke nat on ise inges4 what an shal we an approchen vs to hem at ,i haue shewed at ei ben lyke to e bestes4 7q4 d4 non7 ,and what wilt ou seyne of is yif at a man hadde al forlorn hys syt4 and hadde foreten at he euer saw and wende at no ing ne faylede hym of perfeccioun of mankynde4 now we at myten sen e same ing wolde we nat wene at he were blynde 7q4 d4 sic74 ne also ne accorde nat e poeple to at ,i shal seyne4 e whiche ing is susteyned by a stronge foundement of resouns4 at is to seyn at more vnsely ben ei at don wrong to oer folk4 en ei at e wrong suffren4 ,i wolde heren ilke same resouns quod ,i ,deniest ou quod she at alle shrewes ne ben wori to han tourment4 nay quod ,i4 but quod she ,i am certeyne by many resouns at shrewes ben vnsely4 it accorde quod ,i4 an ne dowtest ou nat quod she at ilke folk at ben wori of tourment at ei ne ben wrecches4 ,it accorde wel quod ,i4 yif ou were an quod she yset a ,iuge or a knower of inges4 wheer trowest ou at men sholde tourmente hym at ha don e wronge4 or hym at ha suffred e wronge4 ,i ne doute nat quod ,i4 at ,i nolde don suffissaunt satisfaccioun to hym at hadde suffred e wrong by e sorwe of hym at hadde don e wronge4 an seme it quod she at e doar of wrong is more wrecche an he at ha suffred e wrong4 at folwe wel quod ,i4 an quod she by ise causes and by oer causes at ben enforced by e same roate at file or synne by e propre nature of it make men wretches4 and it shewe wel at e wrong at men don nis nat e wrecchenesse of hym at receyue e wrong4 but e wrecchednesse of hym at do e wronge but certys quod she ise oratours or aduocat don al e contrarie for ei enforcen hem to commoeue e iuges to han pite of hem at han suffred and resceyued e inges at ben greuous and aspre4 and itte men sholden more rytfully han pitee on hem at don e greuaunces and e wronges4 e whiche shrewes it were a more couenable ing at e accusours or aduocat not wroe but pitous and debonaire ladden e shrewes at han don wrong to e ,iugement4 ryt as men leden seke folk to e leche4 for at ei sholden seken out e maladies of synne by tourment4 and by is couenaunt eyer e entent of e defendours or aduocat sholde fayle and cesen in al4 or ellys yif e office of aduocat wolde bettre profiten to men4 it sholde be tourned in to e habit of accusacioun4 at is to seyn ei sholden accuse shrewes4 and nat excuse hem4 and eke e shrewes hem self4 it it were leueful to hem to seen at any clifte e vertue at ei han forleten4 and sawen at ei sholde putten adoun e files of hire vices by the tourment of peynes4 ei ne auten nat ryt for e recompensacioun forto geten hem bounte and prowesse whiche at ei han lost demen ne holden at ilke peynes weren tourmentes to hem4 and eke ei wolden refuse e attendaunce of hir aduocat and taken hem self to hire iuges and to hir accusours4 for whiche it bytide at as to e wise folk er nis no place ylete to hate4 at is to seyn4 at hate ne ha no place amonges wise men4 ,for no wyt wolde haten gode men4 but yif he were ouer moche a fole4 and forto haten shrewes it nis no resoun4 ,for ryt so as languissing is maladie of body4 ryt so ben vices and synne maladies of corage4 and so as we ne deme nat at ei at ben seek of hire body ben wori to ben hated4 but raer wori of pite4 wel more wori nat to ben hated4 but forto ben had in pite ben ei of whiche e outes ben constreined by felonous wickednesse4 at is more cruel an any languissinge of body4 ,,quid ,,tantos ,,iuuat4 ,sidenote3 ,the ferthe ,metur4 ,what delite it ow to exciten so grete moewynges of hatredes and to hasten and bisien the fatal disposicioun of oure dee wi oure propre handes4 at is to seyn by batailes or by contek4 for yif e axen e dee it hastisi hym of hys owen wille4 ne dee ne tarie nat hys swifte hors4 and the men at e serpent and e lyouns4 and e tigre4 and e beere and e boore seken to sleen wi her tee4 it ilke same men seken to sleen eueryche of hem oer wi swerde4 loo for her maners ben diuerse and discordaunt ei moeuen vnrytful oostes and cruel batailes4 and wilne to perisse by enterchaungynge of dartes4 but e resoun of cruelte nis nat ynou rytful4 wilt ou an elden a couenable gerdoun to e desertes of men ,loue rytfully goode folk2 and haue pite on shrewes4 ,,hinc ,,ego ,,uideo ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,,et ,,cet,,era4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe prose4 us see ,i wel quod ,i4 eyer what blisfulnesse or ellys what vnselinesse is establissed in e desertys of goode men and of shrewes4 but in is ilke fortune of poeple ,i see somwhat of goode4 and somwhat of yuel4 for no wise man ha nat leuer ben exiled pore and nedy and nameles4 an forto dwellen in hys ,citee and flouren of rychesses4 and be redoutable by honoure4 and stronge of power for in is wise more clerely and more witnesfully is e office of wise men ytretid whan e blisfulnes and the pouste of gouernours is as it were yshad amonges poeples at ben neyboures and subgit4 syn at namely prisoun lawe and ise oer tourment of lawful peynes ben raer owed to felonous ,citeeins4 for e whiche felonous ,citeeins o peynes ben establissed4 an for goode folk4 an ,i merueile me gretly quod ,i4 whi at e inges ben so mys entrechaunged4 at tourment felounes pressen and confounden goode folk4 and shrewes rauyssen medes of vertue and ben in honours4 and in grete estatis4 and ,i desire eke to witen of e4 what seme e to ben e resoun of is so wrongful a confusioun ,for ,i wolde wondre wel e lasse yif ,i trowede at alle ise inges were medeled by fortuouse hap4 ,but now hepe and encrese myne astonyenge god gouernour of inges4 at so as god eue ofte tymes to goode men goodes and myres4 and to shrewes yuel and aspre inges4 and eue aeynewarde to goode folk hardnesse4 and to shrewes he graunte hem her wille and at ei desiren4 what difference an may er be bitwixen at at god do4 and e hap of fortune4 yif men ne knowe nat e cause whi at it is4 it nis no merueile quod she ou at men wenen at er be somwhat folysche and confus whan e resoun of e order is vnknowe4 ,but alle ou ou ne know nat e cause of so gret a disposicioun4 naeles for as moche as god e goode gouernour attempre and gouerne e world4 ne doute e nat at alle inges ne ben doon aryt4 ,,si ,,quis ,,arcturi ,,sydera4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyfthe ,metur4 ,who so at ne knowe nat e sterres of arctour ytourned neye to e souereyne contre or point4 at is to seyne ytourned neye to e souereyne pool of e firmament and woot nat whi e sterre boetes passe or gaderi his weynes4 and drenche his late flaumbes in e see4 and whi at boetes e sterre vnfoldi his ouer swifte arisynges4 an shal he wondren of e lawe of e heye eyre4 and eke if at he ne knowe nat why at e hornes of e fulle moene waxen pale and infect by e boundes of e derke nyt and how e moene dirk and confuse discouere e sterres4 at she hadde ycouered by hir clere visage4 e commune errour moeue folk and maki wery hir bacines of bras by ikke strookes4 at is to seyne at er is a maner poeple at hyte coribandes at wenen at whan e moone is in e eclips at it be enchauntid4 and erfore forto rescowe e moone ei betyn hire basines wi ikke strokes4 ,ne no man ne wondre whan e blastes of e wynde chorus betyn e strondes of e see by quakynge floodes4 ne no man ne wondre whan e weyte of e snowe yhardid by e colde4 is resolued by e brennynge hete of phebus e sonne4 ,for here seen men redyly e causes4 but e causes yhid at is to seye in heuene trouble e brestes of men4 e moeueable poeple is a-stoned of alle inges at comen selde and sodeynely in oure age4 but yif e troubly errour of oure ignorance departide from vs4 so at we wisten e causes whi at swiche inges bitiden4 certys ei sholden cesse to seme wondres4 ,,ita ,,est ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the syxte prose4 vs is it quod ,i4 but so as ou hast euen or byhyt me to vnwrappen e hidde causes of inges and to discoueren me e resouns couered with dirknesses ,i preye e at ou diuise and ,iuge me of is matere4 and at ou do me to vndrestonden it4 ,for is miracle or is wondre trouble me ryt gretely4 and an she a litel what smylyng seide4 ou clepest me quod she to telle ing4 at is grettest of alle inges at mowen ben axed4 ,and to e whiche questioun vnnees is ere aut ynow to lauen it4 as who sei4 vnnees is er suffisauntly any ing to answere perfitly to i questioun4 ,for e matere of it is swiche at whan oon doute is determined and kut awey er wexen oer doutes wi-outen noumbre4 ryt as e heuedes waxen of ydre e serpent at hercules slou4 ,ne ere ne were no manere ne noon ende4 but yif at a wyt constreinede o doutes4 by a ryt lyuely and a quik fire of out4 at is to seyn by vigour and strenge of witte4 ,for in is matere men weren wont to maken questiouns of e simplicite of e purueaunce of god and of e ordre of destine4 and of sodeyne hap4 and of e knowyng and predestinacioun deuine and of e lyberte of fre wille4 e whiche ing ou i self aperceiust wel of what weyt ei ben4 but for as mochel as e knowynge of ise inges is a manere porcioun to e medicine to e4 al be it so at ,i haue lytel tyme to don it4 it naeles ,i wole enforcen me to shewe somwhat of it4 but al ou e norissinges of dite of musike delite e ow most suffren4 and forberen a litel of ilk delite while at ,i weue 7contexo7 to e resouns yknyt by ordre ,as it like to e quod ,i so do4 o spak she ryt as by an oer bygynnynge and seide us4 e engendrynge of alle inges quod she and alle e progressiouns of muuable nature4 and alle at moeue in any manere taki hys causes4 hys ordre4 and hys formes4 of e stablenesse of e deuyne out and thilke deuyne thowht at is yset and put in e toure4 at is to seyne in e heyt of e simplicite of god4 stablisi many manere gyses to inges at ben to don4 e whiche manere whan at men loken it in ilke pure clerenesse of e deuyne intelligence4 it is ycleped purueaunce but whan ilke manere is referred by men to inges at it moeue and dispone an of olde men4 it was cleped destine4 e whiche inges yif at any wyt loke wel in his out4 e strenge of at oon and of at oer he shal lytly mowen seen at ise two inges ben diuers4 ,for purueaunce is ilke deuyne resoun at is establissed in e souereyne prince of inges4 e whiche purueaunce disponi alle inges4 but destine is e disposicioun and ordenaunce cleuynge to moeuable inges4 by e whiche disposicioun e purueaunce knyte alle inges in hire ordres4 ,for purueaunce enbrace alle inges to hepe4 al ou at ei ben dyuerse and al ou ei ben wi outen fyn4 but destynie departe and ordeyne alle inges singlerly and diuide4 in moeuynges4 in places4 in formes4 in tymes4 departi as us4 so at e vnfoldyng of temporel ordenaunce assembled and ooned in e lokyng of e deuyne out ,is purueaunce and ilke same assemblynge4 and oonyng diuided and vnfolden by tymes4 lat at ben called destine4 and al be it so at ise inges ben dyuerse4 itte naeles hange at oon on at oer4 forwhi e ordre destinal procedi of e simplicite of purueaunce4 for ryt as a werkman at aperceiue in hys out e forme of e ing at he wil make moeue e effect of e werke4 and ledi at he hadde loked byforne in hys out symply and presently by temporel out4 ,certys ryt so god disponi in hys purueaunce singlerly and stably e inges at ben to done4 but he amynistre in many maneres and in dyuerse tymes by destyne4 ilke same inges at he ha disponed an wheir at destine be excercised4 eyer by somme dyuyne spirites seruaunte to e deuyne purueaunce4 or ellys by somme soule 7anima mundi74 or ellys by al nature seruynge to god4 or ellys by e celestial moeuyng of sterres4 or ellys by e vertue of aungels4 or ellys by e dyuerse subtilite of deueles4 or ellys by any of hem4 or ellys by hem alle e destynal ordynaunce is ywouen or accomplissed4 certys it is open ing at e purueaunce is an vnmoeueable and symple forme of inges to done4 and e moeueable bonde and e temporel ordynaunce of inges whiche at e deuyne simplicite of purueaunce ha ordeyned to done4 at is destine4 ,for whiche it is at alle inges at ben put vndir destine ben certys subgit to purueaunce4 to whiche purueaunce destine it self is subgit and vndir4 ,but somme inges ben put vndir purueaunce at sourmounten e ordinaunce of destine4 and o ben ilke at stably ben yficched ney to e first godhed ei sourmounten e ordre of destinal moeuablite4 ,for ryt as cercles at tournen aboute a same ,centre or about a poynt4 ilke cercle at is inrest or moost wi-ynne ioine to e symplesse of e myddel and is as it were a ,centre or a poynt to at oer cercles at tournen abouten hym4 and ilke at is outerest compased by larger envyronnynge is vnfolden by larger spaces in so mochel as it is forest fro e mydel symplicite of e poynt4 and yif er be any ing at knytte and felawshippe hym selfe to ilke mydel poynt it is constreyned in to symplicite4 at is to seyn in to vnmoeueablete4 and it ceseth to ben shad and to fletin dyuersly4 ,ryt so by semblable resoun4 ilke inge at departi firest fro e first out of god4 it is vnfolden and summittid to grettere bondes of destine4 and in so moche is e ing more free and lovs fro destyne as it axe and holde hym ner to ilke ,centre of inges4 at is to seyne god4 and if e inge cleue to e stedfastnesse of e out of god4 and be wi oute moeuyng certys it sourmounte e necessite of destyne4 an ryt swiche comparisoun as it is of skilynge to vndirstondyng and of ing at is engendred to ing at is4 and of tyme to eternite4 and of e cercle to e ,centre4 ryt so is e ordre of moeueable destine to e stable symplicite of purueaunce4 ilke ordinaunce moeue e heuene and e sterres and attempre e elyment to gider amonges hem self4 and transforme hem by enterchaungable mutacioun4 and ilke same ordre newe aein alle inges growyng and fallyng a-doune by sembleables progressiouns of seedes and of sexes4 at is to sein4 male and female4 and is ilke ordre constreyne e fortunes and e dedes of men by a bonde of causes nat able to ben vnbounden 7indissolubili74 e whiche destinal causes whanne ei passen oute fro e bygynnynges of e vnmoeueable purueaunce it mot nedes be at ei ne be nat mutable4 and us ben e inges ful wel ygouerned4 yif at e symplicite dwellynge in e deuyne out shewe fure e ordre of causes4 vnable to be ,i-bowed4 and is ordre constreyne by hys propre stablete e moeueable inges4 or ellys ei sholde fleten folily for whiche it is at alle inges semen to be confus and trouble to vs men4 for we ne mowe nat considere ilke ordinaunce4 ,naeles e propre manere of euery ing dressynge hem to goode disponit hem alle4 for ere nis no inge don for cause of yuel4 ne ilke ing at is don by wickede folk nis nat don for yuel e whiche shrewes as ,i haue shewed ful plentiuously seken goode4 but wicked errour mystourni hem4 ,ne e ordre comynge fro e poynt of souereyne goode ne decline nat fro hys bygynnynge4 but ou mayst sein what vnreste may ben a wors confusioun an at goode men han somme tyme aduersite4 and somtyme prosperite4 and shrewes also han now inges at ei desiren4 and now inges at ei haten wheer men lyuen now in swiche hoolnesse of out4 as who sei4 ben men now so wise4 at swiche folk as ei demen to ben goode folk or shrewes at it mot nedes ben at folk ben swiche as ei wenen4 but in is manere e domes of men discorden4 at ilke men at somme folk demen wori of mede4 oer folk demen hem wori of tourment4 but lat vs graunte ,i pose at som man may wel demen or knowen e goode folk and e badde4 ,may he an knowen and seen ilke inrest attemperaunce of corages4 as it ha ben wont to be said of bodyes4 as who sai may a man speken and determine of attemperaunce in corages4 as men were wont to demen or speken of complexiouns and attemperaunces of bodies 7q' non74 ne it ne is nat an vnlyke miracle to hem at ne knowen it nat4 ,as who sei4 but is lyke a merueil or a miracle to hem at ne knowen it nat4 whi at swete inges ben couenable to some bodies at ben hool and to some bodies bittre inges ben couenable4 and also whi at some seke folk ben holpen with lyt medicines and some folk ben holpen with sharppe medicynes but naeles e leche at knowe e manere and e attemperaunce of heele and of maladie ne merueile of it no ing4 but what oer ing seme hele of corages but bounte and prowesse4 and what oer ing seme maladie of corages but vices4 who is ellys kepere of good or dryuere awey of yuel but god gouernour and leecher of outes4 e whiche god whan he ha by-holden from e heye toure of hys purueaunce he knowe what is couenable to euery wyt4 and lene hem at he wot at is couenable to hem4 ,loo here of come and here of is don is noble miracle of e ordre destinal4 whan god at alle knowe do swiche ing4 of whiche ing at vnknowyng folk ben astoned but forto constreine as who sei ,but forto comprehende and telle a fewe inges of e deuyne depnesse e whiche at mans resoun may vnderstonde4 ilk man at ou wenest to ben ryt ,iuste and ryt kepyng of equite4 e contrarie of at seme to e deuyne purueaunce at al woot4 ,and lucan my familier telle at e victories cause likede to e goddes and causes ouercomen likede to catoun4 an what so euer ou mayst seen at is don in is world vnhoped or vnwened4 certys it is e ryte ordre of inges4 but as to i wickede oppinioun it is a confusioun4 but ,i suppose at som man be so wel yewed4 at e deuyne ,iugement and e ,iugement of mankynde accorden hem to gidre of hym4 but he is so vnstedfast of corage at yif any aduersite come to hym he wolde for-leten perauenture to continue innocence by e whiche he ne may nat wiholden fortune4 an e wise dispensacioun of god spare hym e whiche manere aduersite myte enpeyren4 ,for at god wil nat suffren hym to trauaile4 to whom at trauayl nis nat couenable4 ,an oer man is perfit in alle uertues4 and is an holy man and neye to god so at e purueaunce of god wolde demen at it were a felony at he were touched wi any aduersites4 so at he ne wil nat suffre at swiche a man be moeued wi any manere maladie4 ,but so as seide a philosophre the moore excellent by me4 e aduersites comen nat 7he seide in grec27 ere at uertues han edified e bodie of e holy man4 and ofte tyme it bitide at e somme of inges at ben to don is taken to good folk to gouerne4 for at e malice habundaunt of shrewes sholde ben abatid4 and god eue and departi to oer folk prosperites and aduersites ymedeled to hepe aftir e qualite of hire corages and remordi som folk by aduersites4 for ei ne sholden nat wexen proude by longe welefulnesse4 and oer folk he suffre to ben trauayled wi harde inges4 ,for at ei sholden conferme e vertues of corage by e vsage and exercitacioun of pacience4 and oer folke dreden more en ei auten e wiche ei myten wel beren4 and ilke folk god ledi in to experience of hem self by aspre and sorweful inges4 ,and many oer folk han bout honorable renoune of is worlde by e pris of glorious dee4 and som men at ne mowen nat ben ouer-comen by tourment han euen ensample to oer folk at vertue ne may nat be ouer-comen by aduersites4 and of alle ise inges er nis no doute at ei ne ben don rytfully and ordeinly to e profit of hem to whom we seen ise inges bitide4 ,for certys at aduersite come some tyme to shrewes4 and some tyme at ei desiren it come of ise forseide causes and of sorweful inges at bytyden to shrewes4 ,certys no man ne wondre4 ,for alle men wenen at ei han wel deserued it4 and ei ben of wicked merite of whiche shrewes e tourment som tyme agaste oer to done folies4 and som tyme it amende hem at suffren e tourmentis4 ,and e prosperite at is euen to shrewes shewe a grete argument to goode folk what ing ei sholde demen of ilk wilfulnesse e whiche prosperite men seen ofte serue to shrewes4 in e whiche ing ,i trowe at god dispensi4 for perauenture e nature of som man is so ouerrowyng to yuel and so vncouenable at e nedy pouerte of hys house-hold myte raer egren hym to done felonies4 and to e maladie of hym god putti remedie to iuen hym rychesse4 and som oer man byholdi hys conscience defouled wi synnes and maki comparisoun of his fortune and of hym self and dredi perauenture at hys blisfulnesse of whiche e vsage is ioyful to hym at e lesynge of ilke blisfulnesse ne be nat sorweful to hym4 and erfore he wol chaunge hys maneres4 and for he dredi to lese hys fortune4 he forleti hys wickednesse4 to oer folk is welefulnesse yeuen vnworily e whiche ouerrowe hem in to destruccioun at ei han deserued4 and to som oer folk is euen power to punissen4 for at it shal be cause of continuacioun and exercisinge to goode folk4 and cause of tourment to shrewes4 ,for so as er nis none alyaunce bytwixe goode folke and shrewes4 ne shrewes ne mowen nat accorden amonges hem self and whi nat4 for shrewes discorden of hem self by her vices e whiche vices al to renden her consciences4 and don ofte tyme inges e whiche inges whan ei han don hem4 ei demen at o inges ne sholde nat han ben don4 for whiche inge ilke souereyne purueaunce ha maked ofte tyme faire miracle so at shrewes han maked oftyme shrewes to ben goode men4 for whan at som shrewes seen at ei suffren wrongfully felonies of oer shrewes ei wexen eschaufed in to hate of hem at anoien hem4 and retournen to e fruit of uertue4 when ei studien to ben vnlyke to hem at ei han hated4 ,certys is only is e deuyne myt to e whiche myt yueles ben an good4 whan it vse o yueles couenably and drawe out e effect of any good4 as who sei at yuel is good oonly by e myt of god4 for e myt of god ordeyne ilk yuel to good4 ,for oon ordre enbrasi alle inges4 so at what wyt at departi fro e resoun of e ordre whiche at is assigned to hym4 algates it he slide in to an oer ordre4 so at noing nis leueful to folye in e realme of e deuyne purueaunce4 as who sei no ing nis wiouten ordinaunce in e realme of e deuyne purueaunce4 ,syn at e ryt stronge god gouerni alle inges in is worlde for it nis nat leueful to no man to comprehenden by witte ne vnfolden by worde alle e subtil ordinaunces and disposiciouns of e deuyne entent4 for oonly it aute suffice to han loked at god hym self makere of alle natures ordeyni and dressi alle inges to good4 while at he hasti to wihalden e inges at he ha maked in to hys semblaunce4 at is to seyn forto wiholden inges in to good4 for he hym self is good he chase oute al yuel of e boundes of hys communalite by e ordre of necessite destinable4 ,for whiche it folwe at yif ou loke e purueaunce ordeynynge e inges at men wenen ben haboundaunt in eres4 ou ne shalt not seen in no place no ing of yuel4 but ,i se now at ou art charged wi e weyte of e questioun and wery wi lenge of my resoun4 and at ou abidest som swetnesse of songe4 tak an is draut and whan ou art wel refresshed and refet ou shalt ben more stedfast to stye in to heyere questiouns4 ,,si ,,uis ,,celsi ,,iura4 ,sidenote3 ,the syxte ,metur4 ,yif ou wolt demen in i pure out e rytes or e lawes of e heye underere4 at is to seyne of god4 loke ou and bihold e heytes of souereyne heuene4 ere kepen e sterres by rytful alliaunce of inges hir olde pees4 e sonne ymoeued by hys rody fire4 ne destourbi nat e colde cercle of e moone4 ,ne e sterre yclepid e bere4 at enclini hys rauyssynge courses abouten e souereyne heyt of e worlde4 ne e same sterre vrsa nis neuer mo wasshen in e depe westerne see4 ne coueiti nat to dyen hys flaumbes in e see of the occian4 al ou he see oer sterres yplounged in to e see4 ,and hesperus e sterre bodi and telli alwey e late nytes4 ,and lucifer e sterre brynge aeyne e clere day4 ,and us maki loue enterchaungeable e perdurable courses4 and us is discordable bataile yput oute of e contre of e sterres4 is accordaunce attempre by euene-lyke maneres e elementes4 at e moyste inges striuen nat wi e drye inges4 but iuen place by stoundes4 and at e colde inges ioynen hem by fei to e hote inges4 and at e lyte fyre arist in to heyte4 and e heuy eres aualen by her weytes4 by ise same cause e floury yere elde swote smellys in e fyrste somer sesoun warmynge4 and e hote somer drye e cornes4 and autumpne come aeyne heuy of apples4 and e fletyng reyne bydewe e wynter4 is attemperaunce noryssi and bryngge fure al inge at bredi lyfe in is worlde4 and ilk same attemperaunce rauyssyng hide and bynyme and drenche vndir e laste dee alle inges yborn4 ,amonges ise inges sitte e heye makere kyng and lorde4 welle and bygynnynge4 lawe and wise ,iuge4 to don equite and gouerni and enclini e bridles of inges4 and o inges at he stire to don by moeuynge he widrawe and aresti and affermi e moeueable or wandryng inges4 ,for if at he ne clepi nat aein e ryt goynge of inges4 and if at he ne constreynede hem nat eftesones in to roundenesse enclined e inges at ben now continued by stable ordinaunce4 ei sholde deperten from hir welle4 at is to sein from hir bygynnynge and failen4 at is to sein tournen in to naut4 is is e commune loue of alle inges4 and alle inges axen to be holden by e fyn of good4 ,for ellys ne myten ei nat lasten yif ei ne come nat eftesones aeine by loue retourned to e cause at ha euen hem beynge4 at is to seyn to god4 ,,iam ,,ne ,,igitur ,,uides4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende prose4 ,sest ou nat an what ing folwe alle e inges at ,i haue seid4 what ing quod ,i4 ,certys quod she outerly at al fortune is good4 and how may at be quod 4,i4 ,now vndirstand quod she so as alle fortune wheyther so it be ,ioyeful fortune _/ or aspre fortune is iuen eier by cause of gerdonynge or ellys of exercisynge of goode folk or ellys by cause to punissen4 or ellys to chastysen shrewes4 an is alle fortune good4 e whiche fortune is certeyne at it be eier rytful or profitable4 ,for soe is is a ful verray resoun quod ,i4 and yif ,i considere e purueaunce and e destine at ou tautest me a litel here byforne is sentence is susteyned by stedfast resouns4 but yif it like vnto e lat vs noumbre hem amonges ilke inges of whiche ou seidest a litel here byforne at ei ne were nat able to ben ywened to e poeple4 whi so quod she4 for at e comune worde of men mysusi quod ,i4 is manere speche of fortune4 and sein ofte tymes at e fortune of som wyt is wicked4 wilt ou an quod she at ,i proche a litel to e wordes of e poeple so it seme nat to hem at ,i be ouer moche departid as fro e vsage of man kynde4 as ou wolt quod ,i4 ,demest ou nat quod she at al ing at profiti is good4 is quod ,i4 certis ilk ing at exercisi or corigi profiti4 ,i confesse it wel quod ,i4 an is it good quod she4 whi nat quod ,i4 but is is e fortune quod she of hem at eier ben put in vertue and batailen aeins aspre inges4 or ellys of hem at eschewen and declinen fro vices and taken e weye of vertue4 is ne may nat ,i denye quod ,i ,but what seist ou of e myrye fortune at is euen to good folk in gerdoun deuini out e poeples at it is wicked4 nay forsoe quod ,i4 but ei demen as it soe is at it is ryt good4 ,and what seist ou of at oer fortune quod she4 at al ou it be aspre and restreini e shrewes by rytful tourment4 weni out e poeple at it be good4 nay quod ,i4 ,but e poeple demi at it be most wrecched of alle inges at may ben out4 war now and loke wel quod she lest at we in folwyng e opynioun of poeple haue confessed and concluded ing at is vnable to be wened to e poeple4 what is at quod ,i ,certys quod she it folwe or come of inges at ben graunted at alle fortune what so euer it be4 of hem at eyer ben in possessioun of vertue4 or in the encres of vertu or ellys in e purchasynge of vertue4 at ilke fortune is good4 ,and at alle fortune is ryt wicked to hem at dwellen in shrewednesse4 as who sei4 and us wene nat e poeple4 at is soe quod ,i4 ,al be it so at noman dar confessen it ne byknowen it4 whi so quod she4 ,for ryt as no strong man ne seme nat to abassen or disdaignen as ofte tyme as he here e noise of e bataile4 ne also it ne seme nat to e wyse man to beren it greuously as ofte as he is lad in to e strif of fortune4 for boe to at on man and eke to at oer ilke difficulte is e matere to at oon man of encrese of his glorious renoun4 and to at oer man to conferme hys sapience4 at is to seine e asprenesse of hys estat4 ,for erfore is it called uertue4 for at it susteni and enforce by hys strenges at it nis nat ouer-comen by aduersites4 ,ne certys ou at art put in e encrese or in e heyt of uertue ne hast nat comen to fleten wi delices and forto welken in bodyly lust4 ou sowest or plauntest a ful egre bataile in i corage aeins euery fortune4 for at e sorweful fortune ne confounde e nat4 ne at e myrye fortune ne corrumpe e nat4 ,occupy e mene by stedfast strenges4 for al at euer is vndir e mene4 or ellys al at ouer-passe e mene despise welefulnesses4 ,as who sei4 it is vicious and ne ha no mede of hys trauaile4 ,for it is set in oure hand4 as who sei it lie in oure power what fortune ow is leuest4 at is to seyne good or yuel4 ,for alle fortune at seme sharpe or aspre yif it ne exercise nat e good folk4 ne chastisi e wicked folk4 it punisse4 ,,bella ,,bis ,,quenis4 ,,et ,c,,etera4 ,sidenote3 ,the seuende ,metur4 ,e wrekere attrides at is to seyne agamenon at wroute and continuede e batailes by ten ere recouerede and purgede in wrekyng by e destruccioun of troie e loste chambres of mariage of hys broer is is to seyn at he agamenon wan aein ,eleine at was ,menelaus wif his broer4 ,in e mene while at ilke agamenon desirede to euen sailes to e grekysshe nauye and boute aein e wyndes by blode4 he vncloede hym of pite as fader4 and e sory prest iue in sacrifiynge e wreched kuyttyng of rote of e douter4 at is to sein at agamenon lete kuytten e rote of hys douter by e prest4 to maken alliaunce wi hys goddes4 and for to haue wynde wi whiche he myte wende to troie4 ,itakus at is to sein vlixies bywepte hys felawes ylorn e whiche felawes e fierse pholifemus ligginge in his grete ,caue hadde freten and dreint in hys empty wombe4 but naeles polifemus wood for his blinde visage eld to vlixies ioye by hys sorowful teres4 is is to seyn at vlixes smot oute e eye of poliphemus at stod in hys forhede4 for whiche vlixes hadde ioie whan he saw poliphemus wepyng and blynde4 ,hercules is celebrable for hys harde trauaile he dawntede e proude ,centauris half hors half man4 and he rafte e despoylynge fro e cruel lyoun at is to seyne he slou e lyoun and rafte hym hys skyn4 he smot e brids at hyten arpijs in e palude of lyrne wi certeyne arwes4 he rauyssede applis fro e wakyng dragoun4 and hys hand was e more heuy for e goldene metal4 ,he drou ,cerberus e hound of helle by hys treble cheyne4 he ouer-comer as it is seid ha put an vnmeke lorde fodre to hys cruel hors is is to sein4 at hercules slou diomedes and made his hors to etyn hym4 and he hercules slou ,idra e serpent and brende e venym4 and achelaus e flode defoulede in his forhede dreinte his shamefast visage in his strondes4 is is to sein at achelaus coue transfigure hym self in to dyuerse lykenesse4 and as he faut wi orcules at e laste he turnide hym in to a bole and hercules brak of oon of hys hornes4 and achelaus for shame hidde hym in hys ryuer4 ,and he hercules caste adoun ,antheus e geaunt in e strondes of libye4 and kacus apaisede e wraes of euander4 is is to sein at hercules slou e ,monstre kacus and apaisede wi at dee e wrae of euander4 ,and e bristlede boor markede wi scomes e sholdres of hercules4 e whiche sholdres e heye cercle of heuene sholde reste4 and e laste of his labours was at he sustenede e heuene vpon his nekke vnbowed4 and he deseruede eftsones e heuene to ben e pris of his laste trauayle ,go now an e stronge men ere as e heye weye of e grete ensample lede ou4 ,o nice men whi nake e oure bakkes4 as who sei4 ,o e slowe and delicat men whi fley e aduersites4 and ne fyten nat aeins hem by vertue to wynnen e mede of e heuene4 for e ere ouer-comen eue e sterres4 is is to seyne at whan at erely lust is ouer-comen4 a man is maked wori to e heuene4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,quartus4 ,,incipit ,,liber ,,quintus4 ,,dixerat ,,oracionisq,,ue ,,cursum4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste prose4 ,she hadde seid and tournede e cours of hir resoun to somme oer inges to ben tretid and to ben ysped4 an seide ,i4 ,certys rytful is in amonestyng and ful digne by auctorite4 but at ou seidest som tyme at e questioun of e deuyne purueaunce is enlaced wi many oer questiouns4 ,i vndir-stonde wel and proue it by e same inge4 but ,i axe yif at ou wenest at hap be any ing in any weys4 and if ou wenest at hap be any thing what is it4 an quod she4 ,i haste me to elden and assoilen e to e dette of my byheste and to shewen and opnen e wey by whiche wey ou maist come aein to i contre4 but al be it so at e inges whiche at ou axest ben ryt profitable to knowe4 itte ben ei diuers somwhat fro e pae of my purpos4 ,and it is to douten at ou ne be maked weery by mysweys so at ou ne mayst nat suffise to mesuren e ryt weye4 ,ne doute e er-of no ing quod ,i4 for forto knowen ilke inges to-gidre in e whiche inges ,i delite me gretly4 at shal ben to me in stede of reste4 ,syn it nis nat to douten of e inges folwynge whan euery side of i disputisoun shal be stedfast to me by vndoutous fei4 an seide she4 at manere wol ,i don e4 and bygan to speken ryt us ,certys quod she yif any wyt diffinisse hap in is manere4 at is to seyn4 at hap is bytidynge y-brout fore by foelyshe moeuynge4 and by no knyttyng of causes4 ,i conferme at hap nis ryt naut in no wise4 and ,i deme al outerly at hap nis ne dwelli but a voys4 ,as who sei4 but an ydel worde wi outen any significacioun of ing summittid to at vois4 for what place myte ben left or dwellynge to folie and to disordinaunce4 syn at god ledi and streyni alle inges by ordre4 ,for is sentence is verray and soe at no inge ne ha his beynge of nout4 to the whiche sentence none of ise olde folk ne wiseide neuere al be it so at ei ne vndirstoden ne moeueden it naut by god prince and gynner of wirkyng4 but ei casten as a manere foundement of subgit material4 at is to seyn of the nature of alle resoun4 and if at ony inge is woxen or comen of no causes4 an shal it seme at ilke inge is comen or woxen of nout4 but yif is ne may nat ben don4 an is it nat possible at ere ha ben any swiche ing as ,i haue diffinissid a litel here byforne4 ,how shal it an ben quod ,i4 nis er an no ing at by ryt may be cleped eyer happe or ellis auenture of fortune4 or is er out al be it so at it is hidd fro e poeple to whiche ise wordes ben couenable4 ,myn aristotul quod she4 in e book of his phisik diffinisse is ing by short resoun and neye to e soe4 ,in whiche manere quod ,i4 ,as ofte quod she as men don any ing for grace of any oer ing4 and an oer inge an ilke ing at men ententen to doon bytide by some causes it is ycleped happe4 ,ryt as a man dalf e ere by cause of tylienge of e felde4 and fond ere a gobet of golde by-doluen4 an wenen folk at it is fallen by fortunous bytydyng4 but for soe it nis nat for naut for it ha hys propre causes of whiche causes e cours vnforseyn and vnwar semi to han maked happe4 ,for yif e tilier in e ere ne delue nat in e felde4 and yif e hider of e golde ne hadde hidd e golde in ilke place4 e golde ne hadde nat ben founde4 ise ben an e causes of e abreggynge of fortune hap4 e whiche abreggynge of fortune hap come of causes encountrynge and flowyng to-gidre to hem selfe4 and nat by e entencioun of e doer4 ,for neier e hider of e gold4 ne e deluer of e felde ne vndirstanden nat at e golde sholde han be founde4 but as ,i seide4 it bytidde and ran to-gidre at he dalf ere as at oer hadde hidd e golde4 ,now may ,i us diffinissen happe4 ,happe is an vnwar bytydyng of causes assembled in inges at ben don for som oer inge4 but ilke ordre procedynge by an vneschewable byndynge to-gidre4 whiche at descende fro e wel of purueaunce at ordeine alle inges in hire places and in hire tymes make at e causes rennen and assemblen to-gidre4 ,,rupis ,,achemenie4 ,sidenote3 ,the fyrste ,metur4 ,t,igris and eufrates resoluen and spryngen of a welle in e kragges of e roche of e contre of achemenye ere as e fleenge batayle ficchi hire dartes retournid in e brestes of hem at folwen hem4 ,and sone aftre e same ryueres tigris and eufrates vnioygnen and departen hire watres4 and yif ei comen to-gidre and ben assembled and clepid to-gidre in to o cours4 an moten ilke inges fletyn to-gidre whiche at e water of e entrechaungyng flode brynge e shippes and e stokkes araced wi e flood moten assemble4 and e watres ymedlyd wrappi or implie many fortunel happes or maneres4 e whiche wandryng happes naeles ilke enclinyng lowenes of e ere4 and e flowynge ordre of e slidyng water gouerni4 ,ryt so fortune at seme as at it fleti wi slaked or vngouernede bridles4 ,it suffri bridles at is to seyn to ben gouerned and passe by ilke lawe4 at is to sein by e deuyne ordinaunce4 ,a,n,i,m,,aduerto ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#b;de4 prose4 is vndirstonde ,i wel quod ,i4 and accorde wel at it is ryt as ou seist4 but ,i axe yif er be any liberte or fre wil in is ordre of causes at cliuen us to-gidre in hem self4 or ellys ,i wolde witen yif at e destinal cheine constreini e moeueuynge of e corages of men4 yis quod she er is liberte of fre wille4 ne er ne was neuer no nature of resoun at it ne hadde liberte of fre wille4 ,for euery ing at may naturely vsen resoun4 it ha doom by whiche it discerni and demi euery ing4 an knowe it by it self inges at ben to fleen4 and inges at ben to desiren4 and ilk ing at any wyt deme to ben desired at axe or desire he and flee thilke ing at he troue ben to fleen4 wher-fore in alle inges at resoun is4 in hem also is libertee of willyng and of nillynge4 ,but ,i ne ordeyne nat4 as who sei4 ,i ne graunte nat at is libertee be euene like in alle inges4 forwhi in e souereyns deuynes substaunces4 at is to seyn in spirit ,iugement is more clere and wil nat be corumped4 and ha myt redy to speden inges at ben desired4 ,but e soules of men moten nedes ben more free whan ei loken hem in e speculacioun or lokynge of e deuyne out4 and lasse free whan ei sliden in to e bodies4 and it lasse free whan ei ben gadred to-gidre and comprehendid in erely membris4 but e laste seruage is whan at ei ben euen to vices4 and han yfalle fro e possessioun of hire propre resoun ,for after at ei han cast aweye hir eyen fro e lyt of e souereyn soefastnesse to lowe inges and dirke ,anon ei dirken by e cloude of ignoraunce and ben troubled by felonous talent4 to e whiche talent whan ei approchen and assenten4 ei hepen and encresen e seruage whiche ei han ioigned to hem self4 and in is manere ei ben caitifs fro hire propre libertee4 e whiche inges naeles e lokynge of e deuyne purueaunce see at alle inges byholde and see fro eterne4 and ordeyne hem eueryche in her merites4 as ei ben prodestinat4 and it is seid in grek4 at alle inges he see and alle inges he here4 ,,puro ,,claru,m ,,lumine4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#b;de4 ,metur4 ,h,omer wi e hony moue4 at is to seyn4 homer wi e swete dites synge at e sonne is cleer by pure lyt4 naeles it ne may it nat by e inferme lyt of hys bemes breken or percen e inwarde entrailes of e ere4 or ellys of e see4 so ne see nat god makere of e grete worlde to hym at loke alle inges from on heye ne wistandi nat no inges by heuynesses of ere4 ne e nyt ne wistonde nat to hym by e blake cloudes4 ilke god see in o strook of out alle inges at ben or weren or schullen come4 and ilke god for he loke and see alle inges al oon4 ou maist seyn at he is e verray sonne4 ,,tamen ,,ego ,,en ,,inq,,ua,m4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#c;de4 prose4 ,an seide ,i now am ,i confounded by a more harde doute an ,i was4 what doute is at quod she4 ,for certys ,i coniecte now by whiche inges ou art troubled4 ,it seme quod ,i to repugnen and to contrarien gretly at god knowe byforn alle inges4 and at er is any fredom of liberte4 for yif so be at god loke alle inges byforn4 ne god ne may nat ben desseiuid in no manere4 an mot it nedes ben at alle inges bytyden e whiche at e purueaunce of god ha sein byforn to comen4 ,for whiche yif at god knowe by-forn nat oonly e werkes of men4 but also hir conseils and hir willes4 an ne shal er be no liberte of arbitre4 ne certys er ne may ben noon oer dede ne no wille but ilke whiche e deuyne purueaunce at ne may nat ben desseiued ha feled byforn ,for yif at ei myten wryen awey in oer manere an ei ben purueyed4 an ne sholde er ben no stedfast prescience of inge to comen but raer an vncerteyn oppinioun4 e whiche inge to trowen on god ,i deme it felonie and vnleueful4 ,ne ,i ne proeue nat ilk same resoun4 as who sei ,i ne allowe nat4 or ,i ne preise nat ilke same resoun by whiche at som men wenen at ei mowen assoilen and vnknytten e knot of is questioun4 ,for certys ei seyn at ing nis nat to come for at e purueaunce of god ha seyn it byforne4 at is to comen but raer e contrarie4 ,and at is is at for at e ing is to comen at erfore ne may it nat ben hyd fro e purueaunce of god4 and in is manere is necessite slydi aein in to e contrarie partie4 ne it ne byhoue nat nedes at inges bytiden at ben ypurueid4 but it by-houeth nedes _/ at thinges at ben to comyn ben yporueyid but as it were ytrauailed4 as who sei4 at ilke answere procedi ryt as ou men trauailden or weren bysy to enqueren e whiche ing is cause of whiche inges4 as wheer e prescience is cause of e necessite of inges to comen4 or ellys at e necessite of inges to comen is cause of e purueaunce4 ,but ,i ne enforce me nat now to shewen it at e bytidyng of inges y-wist byforn is necessarie4 how so or in what manere at e ordre of causes ha it self4 al ou at it ne seme nat at e prescience brynge in necessite of bytydynge of inges to comen4 ,for certys yif at any wyt sitte it byhoue by necessite at e oppinioun be soe of hym at coniecti at he sitte4 and aeinward4 al so is it of e contrarie4 yif e oppinioun be soe of any wyt for at he sitte it byhoue by necessite at he sitte an is here necessite in at oon and in at oer4 for in at oon is necessite of sittynge4 and certys in at oer is necessite of soe but erfore ne sitte nat a wyt for at e oppinioun of sittyng is soe4 but e oppinioun is raer soe for at a wyt sitte by-forn4 and us al ou at e cause of soe come of e syttyng4 and nat of e trewe oppinioun4 ,algates itte is er comune necessite in at oon and in at oer4 us shewe it at ,i may make semblable skils of e purueaunce of god and of inges to come4 ,for al ou for at at inges ben to comen4 er-fore ben ei purueid4 nat certys for ei ben purueid4 er-fore ne bytide ei nat4 it naeles byhoue it by necessite at eier e inges to comen ben ypurueied of god4 or ellys at e inges at ben purueied of god bitiden 4s4 by necessite4 ,and is ing oonly suffise ,i-nou to distroien e fredome of oure arbitre4 at is to seyn of oure fre wille ,but now certes shewe it wel how fer fro e soe and how vp so doun is is ing at we seyn at e bytidinge of temporel inges is e cause of e eterne prescience4 ,but forto wenen at god puruei the inges to comen4 for ei ben to comen4 what oer ing is it but forto wene at ilke inges at bitiden som tyme ben causes of ilke souereyne purueaunce at is in god4 ,and her-to ,i adde itte is ing at ryt as whan at ,i woot at o ing is it byhoue by necessite at ilke self ing be4 and eke at whan ,i haue knowe at any inge shal bitiden so byhoue it by necessite at ilke same ing bytide4 so folwe it an at e bytydynge of e inge ,iwist by-forn ne may nat ben eschewed4 ,and at e laste yif at any wyt wene a ing to ben oer weyes an it is4 it nys nat oonly vnscience4 but it is deceiuable oppinioun ful diuerse and fer fro e soe of science4 wher-fore yif any ing be so to comen so at e bytydynge of it ne be nat certeyne ne necessarie4 who may weten byforn at ilke ing is to come4 ,for ryt as science ne may nat be medelyd wi falsnesse4 as who sei at yif ,i woot a ing4 it ne may nat be fals at ,i ne woot it4 ,ryt so ilk ing at is conceyued by science ne may nat ben noon oer weyes an as it is conceiued4 ,for at is e cause whi at science wanti lesynge4 as who sei4 whi at witynge ne receyue nat lesynge of at it woot4 ,for it byhoue by necessite at euery inge be ryt as science comprehendi it to be4 what shal ,i an sein4 ,in whiche manere knowe god byforn e inges to comen4 yif ei ne be nat certeyne4 ,for yif at he deme at ei ben to comen vneschewably4 and so may be at it is possible at ei ne shullen nat comen4 god is desseiued4 but nat only to trowen at god is desseiued4 but for to speke it wi moue it is a felonous synne4 ,but yif at god woot at ryt so as inges ben to comen4 so shulle ei comen4 so at he wite egaly4 as who sei indifferently at inges mowen ben don or ellys nat don4 what is ilke prescience at ne comprehendi no certeyne inge ne stable4 or ellys what difference is er bytwixe e prescience4 and ilke iape-wori dyuynynge of ,tiresie e diuinour at seide4 ,al at ,i seie quod he eyer it shal be4 or ellys it ne shal nat be4 ,or ellis how moche is wore e diuyne prescience more an e oppinioun of mankynde yif so be at it deme e inges vncerteyne as men don4 of e whiche domes of men e bytydynge nis nat certeyne4 ,but yif so be at noon vncerteyne inge may ben in hym at is ryt certeyne welle of alle inges4 an is e bytydynge certeyne of ilke inges whiche he ha wist byforn fermely to comen4 ,for whiche it folwe at e fredom of e conseils and of e werkes of mankynde nis non syn at e out of god see alle inges with outen errour of falsnesse bynde and constreini hem to a bitidynge by necessite4 and yif this ing be on-is grauntid and receyued4 at is to seyn4 at er nis no fre wille4 an shewe it wel how gret distruccioun and how grete damages er folwen of inges of mankynde4 ,for in ydel ben er an purposed and byhyt medes of goode folk4 and peynes to badde folk4 syn at no moeuynge of free corage uoluntarie ne ha nat deserued hem4 at is to seyn neier mede nor peyne4 ,and it sholde seme an at ilke inge is aler worste whiche at is nowe demed4 for aler moste iuste and moste rytful4 at is to seyn at shrewes ben punyssed4 or ellys at goode folk ben ygerdoned4 e whiche folk syn at e propre wille ne sent hem nat to at oon ne to at oer4 at is to seyn4 neer to goode ne to harme4 but constreine hem certeyne necessite of inges to comen4 anne ne shollen er neuer ben ne neuer weren vice ne vertue4 but it sholde raer ben confusioun of alle desertes medlid wioute discresioun4 ,and itte er folwe an oer inconuenient of e whiche er ne may ben out ne more felonous ne more wikke4 and at is is at so as e ordre of inges is yledd and come of e purueaunce of god4 ne at no ing nis leueful to e conseils of mankynde4 as who sei at men han no power to done no ing4 ne wilne no ing4 an folwe it at oure vices ben refferred to e makere of alle good4 as who sei an folwe it4 at god aute han e blame of oure vices4 syn he constreini by necessite to don vices4 an nis er no resoun to han hopen in god4 ne forto preien to god4 ,for what sholde any wyt hopen to god4 or whi sholde he preien to god4 syn at e ordenaunce of destine whiche at ne may nat ben enclined4 knytte and streini alle inges at men may desiren4 an sholde ere be don awey ilke oonly alliaunce bytwixen god and men4 at is to seien to hopen and to preien4 but by e preis of rytfulnesse and of veray mekenesse we deserue e gerdoun of e deuyne grace whiche at is inestimable4 at is to sein at it is so grete at it ne may nat ben ful ypreised4 and is is oonly e manere4 at is to seyen hope and prayeres4 for whiche it seme at men mowen speken wi god4 and by resoun of supplicacioun ben conioigned to ilk clernesse at nis nat approched no raer or at men byseken it and emprenten it4 ,and yif men ne wene nat at hope ne preiers ne han no strenges4 by e necessite of inges to comen y-resceiued4 what ing is er an by whiche we mowen be conioygned and clyuen to ilke souereyne prince of inges4 ,for whiche it byhoue by necessite at e lynage of mankynde as ou songe a litel here byforne ben departed and vnioyned from hys welle and faylen of hys bygynnynge4 at is to seien god4 ,,que ,,nam ,,discors ,sidenote3 ,the 4#c;de4 ,metur4 ,what discordable cause ha to-rent and vnioigned e byndyng or e alliaunce of inges4 at is to seyne e coniunccioun of god and of man4 whiche god ha establissed so grete bataile bitwixen ise two soefast or verray inges4 at is to sein bytwixen e purueaunce of god and fre wille4 at ei ben synguler and diuided4 ne at ei ne wolen nat ben medeled ne coupled to-gidre4 but er nis no discorde to tho verray inges4 but ei cleuen certeyne al wey to hem self4 but e out of man confounded and ouerrowen by e dirke membris of e body ne may nat by fir of his dirked lokynge4 at is to seyn by e vigour of hys insyt while e soule is in e body knowen e inne subtil knyttynges of inges4 ,but wherfore eschaufi it so by so grete loue to fynden ilke notes of soe y-couered4 7glosa7 at is to sein wherfore eschaufi e out of man by so grete desir to knowen ilke notificaciouns at ben yhidd vndir e couertours of soe4 woot it out ilke inges at it anguissous desire to knowe4 as who sei nay4 ,for no man ne trauaile forto witen inges at he woot4 and erfore e texte sei us4 ,glosa ,si enim anima ignorat istas subtiles connexiones4 responde4 vnde est quod desiderat scire cum nil ignotum possit desiderare4 ,but who trauaile to wyten inges y-knowe4 and yif at he ne knowe hem nat4 what seki ilke blynde out4 what is he at desire any inge of whiche he woot ryt nat4 as who sei who so desiri any ing nedis som what he knowe of it4 or ellys he ne coue nat desire it4 or who may folwen inges at ne ben nat ywist and ou at he seke o inges where shal he fynden hem4 what wyt at is al vnknowynge and ignoraunt may knowe e forme at is yfounde4 ,but whan e soule byholde and see e heye out4 at is to seyn god4 an knowe it to-gidre e somme and e singularites4 at is to seyn e principles and eueryche by hym self4 ,but now while e soule is hidd in e cloude and in e derknesse of e membris of e body4 it ne ha nat al foreten it selfe4 but it wiholde e somme of inges and lesi e singularites4 an who so at seke soenesse4 he nis in neier nouir habit4 for he not nat alle ne he ne ha nat alle for-eten4 ,but itte hym remembri e somme of inges at he wiholde and axe counseil and treti depelyche inges ysein byforne4 ,glosa at is to sein e grete somme in hys mynde4 textus so at he mowe adden e parties at he ha foreten4 to ilke at he ha wiholden4 ,,tamen ,,illa ,,uetus ,,inq,u,,it ,,hec ,,est4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe prose4 anne seide she4 is is quod she e olde questioun of e purueaunce of god4 and marcus tulius whan he deuidede e deuinaciouns4 at is to sein in hys booke at he wroot of deuinaciouns4 he moeuede gretly is questioun4 and ou i self hast sout it mochel and outerly and longe4 but it ne ha it nat ben determined ne yspedd fermely and diligently of any of yow4 ,and e cause of is derkenesse and of this difficulte is for at e moeuynge of e resoun of mankynde ne may nat moeuen to4 at is to sein applien or ioygnen to e simplicite of e deuyne prescience4 e whiche symplicite of e deuyne prescience if at men myhten thinken it in any manere _/ at is to seyn _/ at yif men myte inken and comprehenden e inges as god see hem4 an ne sholde er dwellen outerly no doute4 e whiche resoun and cause of difficulte ,i shal assaie at e laste to shewen and to speden4 whan ,i haue firste yspendyd _/ and ansewered to o resouns by whiche ou art ymoeued4 ,for ,i axe whi ou wenest at ilke resouns of hem at assoilen is questioun ne ben nat spedeful ynou ne sufficient e whiche solucioun or e whiche resoun for at it demi at e prescience nis nat cause of necessite to inges to comen4 an ne wene it nat at fredom of wille be distourbed or ylett by prescience4 for ne drawest ou nat argumentes from ellys where of e necessite of inges to comen4 ,as who sei any oer wey an us4 but at ilke inges at e prescience woot byforn ne mowen nat vnbitide4 at is to seyn at ei moten bitide4 ,but an yif at prescience ne putte no necessite to inges to comen4 as ou i self hast confessed it and byknowen a litel herbyforne4 what cause or what is it4 as who sei ere may no cause be4 by whiche at e endes 7exitus7 uoluntarie of inges myten be constreyned to certeyne bitydyng4 ,for by grace of possessioun4 so at ou mowe e better vndirstonde is at folwe4 ,i pose 7inpossibile7 at er ne be no prescience4 an axe ,i quod she in as moche as apperteni to at4 sholde an inges at comen of frewille ben constreined to bytiden by necessite4 ,boicius4 nay quod ,i4 an aeinward quod she4 ,i suppose at ere be prescience but at ne putte no necessite to inges4 an trowe ,i at ilk self fredom of wille shal dwellen al hool and absolut and vnbounden4 but ou wolt sein at al be it so at prescience nis nat cause of e necessite of bitidynge to inges to comen4 ,algates itte it is a signe at e inges ben to bytiden by necessite4 by is manere an al ou e prescience ne hadde neuer yben4 it algate or at e leste wey4 it is certeyne ing at e endys and e bitydynges of inges to comen sholde ben necessarie4 ,for euery sygne shewe and signifie oonly what e ing is but it ne maki nat e ing at it signifie4 ,for whiche it byhoue firste to shewen at no ing ne bitidi at it ne bytydith by necessite4 so at it may apere at e prescience is signe of is necessite or ellys yif ere nere no necessite4 certys ilke prescience ne myte nat ben signe of inge at nis nat4 ,but certys it is nowe certeyne at e preue of is susteni by stedfast resoun ne shal nat ben ladd ne proued by signes ne by argumentys ytaken fro wi oute4 but by causes couenable and necessarie ,but ou mayst sein how may it be at e inges ne bitiden nat at ben ypurueyed to comen4 but certys ryt as we trowen at o inges whiche at e purueaunce woot byforn to comen4 ne ben nat to bitiden4 but at ne sholde we nat demen4 but raer al ou at ei schal bitiden4 it ne haue ei no necessite of hire kynde to bitiden4 and is maist ou lytly aperceyuen by is at ,i shal seyn4 but we seen many inges whan ei ben don byforn oure eyen ryt as men seen e karter worken in e tournynge and in attempryng or in adressyng of hys kartes or chariottes4 and by is manere as who sei mayst ou vnderstonde of alle manere oir werkemen4 ,is ere anne any necessite as who sei in oure lokynge at constreine or compelli any of ilke inges to ben don so4 b4 nay quod ,i ,for in ydel and in veyne were alle e effect of crafte yif at alle inges weren moeued by constreynynge4 at is to seyn by constreynynge of oure eyen or of oure syt4 ,p4 ise ingus an quod she at whan men don hem ne han non necessite at men don hem4 eke o same inges first or ei be don4 ei ben to comen wi out necessite4 for whi er ben somme inges to bytide of whiche e endys and e bitidynges of hem ben absolut and quit of alle necessite4 for certys ,i ne trowe nat at any man wolde seyn is4 at o inges at men don now at ei ne weren to bitiden4 first or ei were ydon and ilk same inges al ou at men hadden ywyst hem by-forn4 itte ei han fre bitidynges4 for ryt as science of inges present ne brynge in no necessite to inges at men doon _/_/ ,ryht so the prescience of thinges to comen ne bryngeth in no necessite to thinges to bytiden but ou mayst seyn at of ilke same it is ydouted4 as wheer at of ilke inges at ne han non endes and bytidynges necessaryes yif er-of may ben any prescience ,for certys ei seme to discorde4 for ou wenest at yif at inges ben yseyn byforn at necessite folwe hem4 and yif 7et putas7 necessite faile hem ei ne myten nat ben wist byforn4 and at no inge ne may ben comprehendid by science but certeyne4 and yif o inges at ne han no certeyne bytidynges ben ypurueied as certeyn4 it sholde ben dirkenesse of oppinioun nat soefastnesse of science and ou weenyst at it be diuerse fro the hoolnesse of science _/ at any man sholde deme a thing to ben oother weys thanne it is it self4 and e cause of is errour is4 at of alle e inges at euery wyt ha yknowe4 ei wenen at o inges ben y-knowe al oonly by e strenge and by e nature of e inges at ben ywyst or yknowe4 and it is al e contrarie4 for alle at euere is yknowe4 it is raer comprehendid and yknowen nat after his strenge and hys nature4 but after e faculte at is to seyn e power and the nature of hem at knowen4 and for at is shal mowe shewen by a short ensample e same roundenes of a body 4,o4 oer weyes e syt of e eye knowe it4 and oer weyes e touching4 e lokynge by castynge of his bemes waite and see fro afer alle e body to-gider wi oute mouynge of it self4 but e touchinge cliui and conioigne to e rounde body 7orbi7 and moue abouten e environynge4 and comprehendi by parties e roundenesse4 and e man hym self oer weies wyt byholdi hym4 and oerweyes ymaginacioun and oer weyes resoun4 and oer weyes intelligence4 ,for e wit comprehendi fro wi outen fure e figure of e body of e man4 at is establissed in e matere subiect4 ,but e ymaginacioun comprehendith only the figure with owte the matere _/ ,resoun surmounteth ymaginacioun and comprehende by an vniuersel lokynge e commune spece 7speciem7 at is in e singuler peces4 ,but e eye of intelligence is heyer for it sourmounte e envirounynge of e vniuersite and looke ouer at by pure subtilite of out4 ilk same symple forme of man at is perdurably in e deuyne out4 in whiche is aute gretely to ben considered at e heyest strenge to comprehenden inges enbrace and conteyne e lowere strenge but the lowere strengthe ne arysith nat in no manere to heyere strengthe4 for wit ne may no inge comprehende oute of matere4 ne e ymagynacioun ne loke nat e vniuerseles speces4 ne resoun ne take nat e symple forme4 so as intelligence take it4 but e intelligence at loke al abouen whan it ha comprehendid e forme it knowe and deme alle e inges at ben vndir at forme4 but she knowe hem vndir ilke manere in e whiche it comprehendi ilke same symple forme at ne may neuer be knowen to non of at oer4 at is to seyn to non of o re forseide strenges of e soule4 for it knowe e vniuersite of resoun and e figure of e ymaginacioun4 and e sensible material conseiued4 and ou wenest at it be diuerse fro e hoolnesse of science4 at any man sholde deme a ing to ben oerweyes an it is it self and e cause of is errour etc'4 vt supra4 by wit4 ne it ne vse nat nor of resoun ne of ymaginacioun ne of wit wi oute fore but it byholde alle inges so as ,i shal seye4 by a strok of out formely wi oute discours or collacioun ,certys resoun whan it loke any ing vniuersel it ne vse nat of ymaginacioun nor of wit and algates it it comprendi e inges ymaginable and sensible4 for resoun is she at diffinisse e vniuersel of hir conseite ryt us4 ,man is a resonable two-footid beest4 and how so at is knowynge is vniuersel4 it nys er no wyt at ne woot wel4 at a man is a thing ymaginable and sensible and is same considere wel resoun4 but at nis nat by ymaginacioun4 nor by witte4 but it loki it by a resonable concepcioun4 ,also ymaginacioun al be it so4 at it take of wit e bygynyngus to seen and to formen e figures4 algates al ou at wit ne ware not present4 it it envirouni and comprehendi alle inges sensible4 nat by resoun sensible of demynge4 but by resoun ymaginatif4 sest ou nat an at alle e inges in knowynge vsen more of hir faculte or of hir power4 an ei don of the faculte or of power of inges at ben yknowen4 ne at nis no wronge4 for so as euery iugement is e dede or e doynge of hym at deme4 ,it byhoue at euery wyt performe e werke and hys entencioun nat of forein power2 but of hys propre power4 ,,quondam ,,porticus ,,attulit4 ,sidenote3 ,the #dthe ,metur4 ,e porche at is to sein a gate of e toune of athenis er as philosophres hadde hir congregacioun to dispoyten4 and ilke porche broute somtyme olde men ful derke in hire sentences4 at is to sein philosophers at hyten stoiciens4 at wenden at ymages and sensibilites at is to sein sensible ymaginaciouns4 or ellys ymaginacioun of sensible inges weren inprentid in to soules fro bodies wi oute fore4 ,as who sei at ilke stoiciens wenden at e soule hadde ben naked of it self4 as a mirour or a clene parchemyn4 so at alle fygures mosten fyrst comen fro inges fro wi oute in to soules4 and ben inprentid in to soules4 ,textus4 ,ryt as we ben wont some tyme by a swift poyntel to ficchen lettres emprentid in e smoenesse or in e plainesse of e table of wex4 or in parchemyn at ne ha no figure ne note in it4 ,glosa4 ,but now argui boece aeins at oppinioun and sei us4 but yif e riuyng soule ne vnpliti no ing4 at is to sein ne do no ing by hys propre moeuynges4 but suffri and lie subgit to e figures and to e notes of bodyes wi oute fore4 and elde ymages ydel and veyne in e manere of a mirour4 whennes riue an or whennes come an ilke knowyng in oure soule4 at discerni and byholde alle inges4 and whennes is ilke strenge at byholde e syngulere inges4 or whennes is e strenge at dyuyde inges yknowe4 and ilke strenge at gadere to-gidre e inges deuided4 and e strenge at chese hys entrechaunged wey for som tyme it heue vp e heued4 at is to sein at it heue vp e entencioun to ryt heye inges4 and som tyme it discendi in to ryt lowe inges4 and whan it retourni in to hym self4 it repreui and destroie e false inges by e trewe inges4 ,certys is strenge is cause more efficient and mochel more myty to seen and to knowe inges4 an ilke cause at suffri and resceyue e notes and e figures inpressed in manere of matere algates e passioun at is to seyn e suffraunce or e wit in e quike body go byforne excitynge and moeuyng e strenges of e oute4 ryt so as whan at clerenesse smyte e eyen and moeui hem to seen4 or ryt so as voys or soune hurtli to e eres and commoeui hem to herkne4 an is e strenge of e out ymoeuid and excitid and clepe fure e semblable moeuynges e speces at it halt wi inne it self4 and addi o speces to e notes and to e inges wi out fore4 and medele e ymages of inges wi out fore to e formes yhid wi inne hym self4 ,q,,uo,d ,,si ,,in ,,corporib,,us ,,senciend,,is4 ,,questio4 ,sidenote3 ,the 4#e4the prose4 ,but what yif at in bodies to ben feelid at is to sein in e takynge of knowelechinge of bodyly inges4 and al be it so at e qualites of bodies at ben obiect fro wi oute fore moeuen and entalenten e instrumentes of e wittes4 and al be it so at e passioun of e body at is to seyn e witte or the suffraunce goth to-forn the strengthe of the workynge corage _/ the which passioun or suffraunce clepi fure e dede of e out in hym self4 and moeue and exite in is mene while e formes at resten wi in fore4 and yif at in sensible bodies as ,i haue seid oure corage nis nat ytaut or enprentid by passioun to knowe ise inges4 but demi and knowe of hys owen strenge e passioun or suffraunce subiect to e body4 ,moche more an oo inges at ben absolut and quit fram alle talent or affecciouns of bodies4 as god or hys aungels ne folwen nat in discernynge inges obiect from wi oute fore4 but ei accomplissen and speden e dede of hir out by is resoun4 an ere comen many manere knowynges to dyuerse and differyng substaunces4 for e wit of e body e whiche witte is naked and despoyled of alle oer knowynges4 ilke witte come to bestes at ne mowen nat moeuen hem self here ne ere4 as oystres and muscles and oer swiche shelle fysshe of e see4 at cliuen and ben norissed to roches4 but e ymaginacioun come to remuable bestes at semen to han talent to fleen or to desiren any inge4 but resoun is al only to e lynage of mankynde ryt as intelligence is oonly e deuyne nature4 of whiche it folwe at ilke knowyng is more wore an thise oer4 syn it knowe by hys propre nature nat only hys subiect4 as who sei it ne knowe nat al oonly at apperteini proprely to hys knowynge4 but it knowe e subgit of alle oer knowynges4 but how shal it an be yif at wit and ymaginacioun stryuen aeins resonynge and sein at of ilke vniuersel inges4 at resoun wene to seen at it nis ryt naut4 for wit and ymaginacioun seyn at at4 at is sensible or ymaginable it ne may nat ben vniuersel4 an is eier e iugement of resoun soth4 ne at er nis no inge sensible4 or ellys for at resoun woot wel at many inges ben subiect to wit and to ymaginacioun4 an is e consepcioun of resoun veyn and fals whiche at looke and comprehendi4 at at is sensible and synguler as uniuersele4 and if at resoun wolde answeren aein to ise two at is to sein to wit and to ymaginacioun4 and sein at soely she hir self4 at is to seyn at resoun loke and comprehendi by resoun of vniuersalite4 boe at at is sensible and at at is ymaginable4 and at ilke two at is to seyn wit and ymaginacioun ne mowen nat strecchen ne enhaunsen hem self to knowynge of vniuersalite for at e knowyng of hem ne may exceden nor sourmounten e bodyly figures ,certys of e knowyng of inges men auten raer eue credence to e more stedfast and to e more perfit iugement4 ,in is manere stryuynge an we at han strenge of resonynge and of ymaginynge and of wit at is to seyn by resoun and by ymaginacioun and by wit4 and we sholde raer preise e cause of resoun4 as who sei an e cause of wit or ymaginacioun4 semblable inge is it at e resoun of mankynde ne wene nat at e deuyne intelligence byholde or knowe inges to comen4 but ryt as e resoun of mankynde knowe hem4 for ou arguist and seist us4 at yif it ne seme nat to men at somme inges han certeyne and necessarie bytidynges4 ei ne mowen nat ben wist byforn certeynely to bytiden4 an nis ther no prescience of ilke inges4 and yif we trowen at prescience ben in ise inges4 an is er no inge at it ne bitidi by necessite4 but certys yif we myten han e iugement of e deuyne out as we ben parsoners of resoun4 ryt so as we han demed4 it byhoue at ymaginacioun and wit ben bynee resoun4 ryt so wolde we demen at it were rytful ing at mans resoun aute to summitten it self and to ben bynee e deuyne out4 for whiche at yif we mowen4 as who sei4 at yif at we mowen ,i conseile at we enhanse vs in to e heyt of ilke souereyne intelligence4 for ere shal resoun wel seen at at it ne may nat by-holden in it self4 and certys at is is in what manere e prescience of god see alle inges certeins and difinissed al ou ei ne han no certein issues or by-tydynges4 ne is is non oppinioun but it is raer e simplicite of e souereyn science at nis nat enclosed nor yshet wiinne no boundes4 ,,quam ,,uariis ,,figuris4 ,sidenote3 ,the #ethe ,metur4 ,e bestes passen by e eres by ful dyuerse figures for somme of hem han hir bodies straut and crepen in e dust and drawen after hem a trais or a forghe contynued4 at is to sein as addres or snakes4 and oer bestes by the wandryng lytnesse of hir wenges beten e wyndes and ouer-swymmen e spaces of e longe eyer by moist fleeynge4 and oer bestes gladen hem to diggen her traas or her stappes in e ere wi hir goynge or wi her feet4 or to gone eyer by e grene feldes or elles to walken vnder e wodes4 and al be it so at ou seest at ei alle discorden by dyuerse formes4 algate hire faces enclining heuie hire dulle wittes4 ,onlyche e lynage of man heue heyest hys heye heued and stonde lyt wi hys vpryt body and byholde e ere vndir hym4 and but-if ou erely man wexest yuel oute of i witte4 is figure amoneste e at axest e heuene wi i ryte visage4 and hast areised i forhede to beren vp on heye i corage so at i out ne be nat yheuied ne put lowe vndir foot4 sen at i body is so heye areised4 ,,pr,o,,sa ,,vlti,m,a4 ,,quonia,m ,,igitur ,,uti ,,paulo ,,ante4 ,sidenote3 ,the #fte prose and the laste4 ,er-fore an as ,i haue shewed a litel her byforne at al inge at is ywist nis nat knowen by hys nature propre4 but by e nature of hem at comprehenden it4 ,lat vs loke now in as moche as it is leueful to vs4 as who sei lat vs loken now as we mowen whiche at e estat is of e deuyne substaunce so at we mowen ek knowen what his science is4 e comune iugement of alle creatures resonables an is is at god is eterne4 lat vs considere an what is eternite4 ,for certys at shal shewen vs to-gidre e deuyne nature and e deuyne science ,eternite an is perfit possessioun and al togidre of lijf interminable and at shewe more clerely by e comparisoun or collacioun of temporel inges4 for al ing at lyue in tyme it is present and procedi fro preterit in to futures4 at is to sein4 fro tyme passed in to tyme comynge4 ne er nis no ing establissed in tyme at may enbracen to-gidre al e space of hys lijf4 for certys it ne ha it nat taken e tyme of e morwe4 and it ha lost at of ister-day4 and certys in e lijf of is day e ne lyuen no more but ryt as in is moeueable and transitorie moment4 an ilke inge at suffri temporel condicioun4 aloughe at it bygan neuer to be4 ne oughe it neuere cese forto be4 as aristotle demde of e worlde4 and al ou at e lif of it be strecchid wi infinite of tyme4 it algates nis it no swiche ing at men myten trowen by ryt at it is eterne4 for al ou at it comprehende and embrace e space of life infinite4 it algates ne embrace it nat e space of e lif alto-gidre4 for it ne ha nat e futures at ne ben nat it4 ne it ne ha no lenger e preterit at ben ydon or ypassed4 but ilke ing an at ha and comprehendi to-gidre alle e plente of e lif interminable4 to whom ere ne faili nat of e future4 and to whom er nis nat of e preterit escapid nor ypassed4 ilke same is ywitnessed or yproued by ryt to ben eterne4 and it byhoue by necessite at ilke inge be alwey present to hym self and compotent4 as who sei alwey present to hym self and so myty at al by ryt at hys plesaunce4 and at he haue al present e infinit of e moeuable tyme4 wherfore som men trowen wrongefully at whan ei heren at it semide to plato at is worlde ne hadde neuer bygynnynge of tyme4 ne at it neuere shal haue faylynge4 ei wenen in is manere at is worlde ben maked coeterne wi his makere4 as who sei4 ei wenen at is worlde and god ben maked to-gidre eterne4 and it is a wrongful wenynge4 for oer ing is it to ben yladd by lif interminable as plato grauntede to e worlde4 and oer ing is it to embracen to-gidre alle e presence to e lif interminable4 e whiche ing it is clere and manifest at it is propre to e deuine out4 ne it ne sholde nat semen to vs at god is elder an inges at ben ymaked by quantite of tyme4 but raer by e proprete of hys symple nature4 for is ilke infinite moeuyng of temporel inges folwi is presentarie estat of e lijf inmoeueable4 and so as it ne may nat contrefeten it ne feynen it ne ben euene lyke to it4 for e inmoeueablete4 at is to seyn at is in e eternite of god4 it faile and falle in to moeuynge fro e simplicite of the presence of god4 and disencresi to e infinite quantite of future and of preterit4 and so as it ne may nat han togidre al e plente of e lif4 algates itte for as moche as it ne cesi neuere forto ben in som manere it seme somdel to vs at it folwi and resembli ilke ing at it ne may nat attayne to4 ne fulfille4 and bynde it self to som manere presence of is litel and swifte moment4 e whiche presence of is lytele and swifte moment4 for at it bere a manere ymage or lykenesse of e ay dwellynge presence of god4 it graunte to swiche manere inges as it bitidi to at it seme hem at ise inges han ben and ben and for at e presence of swiche litel moment ne may nat dwelle er-for it rauysside and took e infinite wey of tyme4 at is to seyn by successioun4 and by is manere it is ydon4 for at it sholde continue e lif in goynge of e whiche lif it ne myte nat embrace e plente in dwellynge4 and for i yif we willen putte wori names to inges and folwen plato4 lat vs seyn an soely at god is eterne4 and at e worlde is perpetuel4 an syn at euery iugement knowe and comprehendi by hys owen nature inges at ben subiect vnto hym4 ere is soely al-wey to god an eterne and presentarie estat4 and e science of hym at ouer-passe alle temporel moeuement dwelli in e symplicite of hys presence and embrace and considere alle e infinit spaces of tymes preterit and futures and loke in is symple knowynge alle inges of preterit ryt as ei weren ydoon presently ryt now yif ou wolt an enke and avisen e prescience by whiche it knowe alle inges ou ne shalt nat demen it as prescience of inges to comen4 but ou shalt demen it more rytfully at it is science of presence or of instaunce at neuer ne fayle4 for whiche it nis nat ycleped prouidence but it sholde raer be cleped purueaunce at is establissed ful fer fro ryt lowe inges4 and byholde from a-fer alle inges ryt as it were fro e heye heyte of inges4 whi axest ou an or why disputest ou an at ilke inges ben don by necessite whiche at ben yseyen and yknowen by e deuyne syt4 syn at for soe men ne maken nat ilke inges necessarie4 whiche at ei seen be ydoon in hire syt4 for addi i byholdynge any necessite to ilke inges at ou byholdest present4 ,nay quod ,i4 p4 ,certys an yif men myte maken any digne comparisoun or collacioun of e presence diuine4 and of e presence of mankynde4 ryt so as e seen somme inges in is temporel presente4 ryt so see god alle inges by hys eterne present4 wherfore is dyuyne prescience ne chaunge nat e nature ne e proprete of inges but byholde swyche inges present to hym ward4 as ei shollen bytiden to ow ward in tyme to come4 ne it ne confounde nat e ,iugement of inges but by of syt of hys out he knowe e inges to comen as wel necessarie as nat necessarie4 ryt so as whan e seen togidre a man walke on e ere and e sonne arysen in the heuene4 al be it so at e seen and byholden at oon and at oer to-gidre4 it naeles e demen and discerne at at oon is uoluntarie and at oer is necessarie4 ,ryt so an the deuyne lokynge byholdynge alle inges vndir hym ne trouble nat e qualite of inges at ben certeynely present to hym ward4 but as to e condicioun of tyme for soe ei ben future4 for whiche it folwi at is nis non oppinioun4 but raer a stedfast knowyng ystrengeed by soenes4 at whan at god knowe any inge to be he ne vnwoot nat at ilke inge wante necessite to be4 is is to seyn at whan at god knowe any inge to bitide4 he woot wel at it ne ha no necessite to bitide4 and yif ou seist here at ilke inge at god see to bytide it ne may nat vnbytide4 as who sei it mot bitide4 and ilke inge at at ne may nat vnbytide it mot bitide by necessite4 and at ou streine me to is name of necessite4 certys ,i wol wel confessen and byknowe a inge of ful sadde troue4 but vnne shal ere any wyt mowe seen it or comen er-to4 but yif at he be byholder of e deuyne oute4 for ,i wol answere e us4 at ilke inge at is future whan it is referred to e deuyne knowyng an is it necessarie4 but certys whan it is vndirstonden in hys owen kynde men sen it is vtterly fre and absolut from alle necessite4 for certys er ben two maneres of necessites4 at oon necessite is symple as us4 at it byhoue by necessite at alle men be mortal or dedely4 an oer necessite is condicionel as us4 yif ou wost at a man walki4 it byhoue by necessite at he walke4 ilke inge an at any wyt ha yknowe to be4 it ne may ben non oer weyes an he knowe it to be4 but is condicioun ne drawe nat wi hir ilke necessite symple4 ,for certys is necessite condicionel4 e propre nature of it ne make it naut4 but e adieccioun of e condicioun maki it4 for no necessite ne constreyne a man to gon _/ at goo by his propre wille4 al be it so at whan he goo at it is necessarie at he goo4 an mot ilke inge be by necessite4 al ou at it ne haue no necessite of hys owen nature4 ,ryt on is same manere an4 yif at e purueaunce of god see any ing present4 but certys e futures at bytyden by fredom of arbitre god see hem alle to-gidre present4 ise inges an yif ei ben referred to e deuyne syt4 an ben ei maked necessarie to e condicioun of e deuyne knowynge4 but certys yif ilke inges ben considred by hem self ei ben absolut of necessite4 and ne forleten nat ne cesen nat of e liberte of hire owen nature4 an certys wi outen doute alle e ingus shollen be doon whiche at god woot by-forn at ei ben to comen4 but somme of hem comen and bitiden of free arbitre or of fre wille4 at al be it so at ei bytiden4 it algates ne lese ei nat hire propre nature ne beynge4 by e whiche first or at ei were doon ei hadden power nat to han bitidd4 ,boece4 what is is to seyn an quod ,i4 at inges ne ben nat necessarie by hire propre nature4 so as ei comen in alle maneres in e lykenesse of necessite by e condicioun of e deuyne science4 ,philosophie4 is is e difference quod she4 at o inges at ,i purposede e a litel here byforn4 at is to seyn e sonne arysynge and e man walkynge at erwhiles at ilke inges ben ydon4 ei ne myten nat ben vndon4 naeles at oon of hem or it was ydon it byhouede by necessite at it was ydon4 but nat at oer4 ryt so it is here at e inges at god ha present4 wi outen doute ei shulle ben4 but somme of hem descendi of e nature of inges as e sonne arysynge4 and somme descendi of e power of e doers as e man walkynge4 an seide ,i4 no wronge at yif at ise inges ben referred to e deuyne knowynge an ben ei necessarie4 and yif ei ben considered by hem selfe an ben ei absolut from e bonde of necessite4 ryt so as alle inges at appiere or shewe to e wittes yif ou referre it to resoun it is vniuersel4 and yif ou referre it or looke it to it self4 an is it synguler4 but now yif ou seist us at yif it be in my power to chaunge my purpose4 an shal ,i voide e purueaunce of god4 whan at perauenture ,i shal han chaunged o inges at he knowe byforn4 an shal ,i answere e us ,certys ou maist wel chaungen i purpos but for as mochel as e present soenesse of e deuyne purueaunce byholde at ou mayst chaungen i purpose4 and wheir ou wolt chaunge it or no4 and whider-ward at ou tourne it4 ou maist nat eschewen e deuyne prescience ryt as ou ne mayst nat fleen e syt of e present eye4 al ou at ou tourne i self by i fre wille in to dyuerse accioun4 ,but ou mayst seyn aeyne how shal it an be4 shal nat e dyuyne science ben chaunged by my disposicioun whan at ,i wol o ing now and now an oer4 and ilke prescience ne seme it nat to enterchaunge stoundes of knowynges4 as who sei4 ne shal it nat seme to vs at e deuyne prescience enterchaunge hys dyuers stoundes of knowynge4 so at it knowe somme tyme o ing and somme tyme e contrarie4 ,no for soe4 quod ,i for e deuyne syt renne to-forne and see alle futures and clepe hem aein and retourni hem to e presence of hys propre knowynge4 ne he ne entrechaunge nat so as ou wenest e stoundes of forknowyng as now is now at4 but he ay dwellynge comi byforn and enbrace at o strook alle i mutaciouns4 and is presence to comprehenden and to sen alle inges4 god ne ha nat taken it of e bitydynge of inges forto come4 but of hys propre symplicite4 and her by is assoiled ilke ing at ou puttest a litel her byforne4 at is to seyne at it is vnwori inge to seyn at oure futures euen cause of e science of god ,for certys is strenge of e deuyne science whiche at enbrace alle inge by his presentarie knowynge establisse manere to alle ingus and it ne awi nat to lattere inges4 and syn at ise inges ben us4 at is to seyn syn at necessite nis nat in inges by e deuyne prescience4 an is er fredom of arbitre4 at dwelle hool and vnwemmed to mortal men4 ne e lawes ne purpose nat wikkedly meedes and peynes to e willynges of men at ben vnbounde and quit of alle necessite4 ,and god byholder and forwiter of alle inges dwelli aboue and e present eternite of hys syt renne alwey wi e dyuerse qualite of oure dedes dispensyng and ordeynynge medes to goode men4 and tourment to wicked men4 ne in ydel ne in veyn ne ben er nat put in god hope and prayeres4 at ne mowen nat ben vnspedful ne wi oute effect whan ei ben rytful wistond an and eschewe ou vices4 worshippe and loue ou vertus4 areise i corage to rytful hoopes4 elde ou humble preiers an heye4 grete necessite of prowesse and vertue is encharged and comaunded to ow yif e nil nat dissimulen4 ,syn at e worchen and doon4 at is to seyn oure dedes and oure workes by-fore e eyen of e ,iuge at see and deme alle inges4 ,to whom be goye and worshipe bi ,infynyt tymes _/ ,,amen4 ,,explicit ,,liber ,,quintus4 ,,et ,,vltim,,us4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,glossarial ,,index4 ,pages #ahj-ahd are the ,appendix and ,balades1 each with separate line numbering4 ,,abaist ,,abyest1 sufferest1 endurest1 #ci_/ajad ,,abaist1 abashed1 #ajg_/cjdg ,,abassen1 to be abashed1 dismayed1 #adf_/dbac ,,abesid 7 ,,abaysshed71 abashed1 #g_/ib ,,abide1 to await1 #g_/ic4 #8,,abide after' look after1 expect1 #ac_/bej2 p4p4 ,abiden1 waited1 #hf_/bdje ,abie1 suffers1 #aji_/caja ,,ablynge1 enabling1 fitting 7aptans71 #bf_/fbd1 #hh_/bddj ,abood1 abode1 #fc_/agaf ,aboven1 above1 #f_/eb ,abreggynge1 curtailing2 hence gain obtained by curtailment 7compendium71 #aea_/dcee ,accoie1 to soothe1 quiet 7demulcere71 #ch_/ifg ,accordaunce1 agreement1 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#ci_/iie ,wodenesse1 rage1 madness1 #de_/aafi1 #ajg_/cjeb ,wolen 7pl471 will1 #id_/bfde ,woltow1 wilt thou1 #ig_/bgda ,wone1 to dwell1 #fj_/afbg ,woode1 ,wode1 furious1 mad1 #be_/fjj ,woode1 to rage1 #abc_/ceae ,woodnesse1 rage1 madness1 #ajg_/cjeb ,woot1 knows1 #dc_/aabh ,wope1 to weep1 #cf_/ije ,worchen1 to work1 #agh_/ebae ,wost1 knowest1 #ai_/dbc ,woxe1 to increase1 wax1 grow1 #be_/fjh ,woxen 7p4p471 grown1 #be_/fjg ,wrekere1 avenger1 #abh_/cffe ,wrekyng1 vengeance1 #adg_/dbch ,wroely1 grieved1 sad1 #g_/hg ,wryen1 twist1 turn1 wrest1 #aed_/ddeb ,wymple1 to cover with a veil or wimple1 #ca_/ggd ,wyt1 sense1 #afd_/dgga ,wyt1 wight1 person1 #ai_/dbe ,yave 7pl471 gave1 #ahj_/d ,yben1 been1 #afb_/dfih ,ybeyen1 to obey1 #aje_/biih ,ycaut1 caught1 captured1 #aah_/ccga ,ycleped1 called1 #aej_/dcdf ,ydel1 #8in ydel1' in vain1 #e_/dc ,ydred1 feared1 #cc_/hbe ,yfelawshiped1 associated1 united1 #ec_/adba ,yficched1 fixed1 #acf_/ciaj ,yfinissed1 finished1 #abe_/ceeh ,yflit1 flitted1 removed1 #h_/ajh ,ygeten1 gotten1 #fe_/aggf ,yhardid1 hardened1 #acc_/chad ,yheuied1 made heavy1 #aga_/digd ,ylad1 led1 #cg_/ief1 #agb_/ejbb ,ylete1 permitted1 #acj_/cgcj ,ylett1 hindered1 #afa_/dfgd ,ylorn1 lost1 #adg_/dbej ,ymaginable1 possessing imagination1 #aff_/dhab ,ymaked1 made1 #hg_/bdbf ,ymedeled1 mixed1 #adj_/djbi ,ynou1 enough1 #ga_/aidg ,yplitid1 pleated1 folded1 #i_/adg ,,yporveyid1 ,,ypurveid1 foreseen1 #aee_/ddfg1 #ddfh ,ysen1 seen1 #gb_/aihb ,yshad1 shed1 scattered1 #fh_/ahgd ,yshet1 shut1 #agj_/diee ,ysmyte1 smitten1 #hj_/bbjb ,yspedd1 made clear1 determined1 #afa_/dfeg2 despatched1 #adi_/dbie ,yspendyd1 examined 7expediero71 #afa_/dffh ,ysprad1 spread1 #gh_/badj ,yspranid1 sprinkled1 mixed1 #db_/aajb4 ,read yspraind4 ,ystrengeed1 strengthened1 #age_/ejih ,yewed1 behaved1 #aci_/djjh ,yrongen1 pressed1 squeezed1 #eg_/aeba ,ytravailed1 laboured1 #aee_/ddfi ,ytretid1 handled1 performed1 #aca_/cgfe ,yvel1 evil1 #aje_/bigf ,ywened1 believed1 #ade_/dagh ,ywist1 known1 #aee_/ddge ,ywoven1 woven1 #f_/ea ,ywyst1 known1 #afd_/dgei ,yeven1 given1 #ada_/djfi af1 gave1 #h_/acj eelde1 elde1 seldom1 #ci_/ajjb1 #eb_/acgb eld1 yielded1 #adg_/dbec elden1 to yield1 #adi_/dcjc eve1 to give1 #adi_/dbia evyng1 giving1 #de_/aahh if1 if1 #i_/aca is1 yes1 #ajc_/biai isterday1 yesterday1 #aga_/diid itte1 yet1 #aef_/dejh ok1 okke1 yoke1 #cb_/hjb1 #fj_/afbj olde 7p4p471 yielded1 #be_/eii onge1 young1 #ce_/hhi oue1 youth1 #aj_/afh 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,errors and ,inconsistencies 7,noted by ,transcriber7 ,introduction 7#h7 ,prscientiane futurorum necessitatis an futurorum necessitas providenti1 laboretur4 dot or flyspeck over last u in 8futurorum0 in two different printings keye and a stiere 7p4 #ajc7 italicized 8keye and a stiere03 changed to match primary text ,primary ,text ,sidenote3 ,the fyrst metur4 no closing bracket ,linenote3 #heb 444 lorn--,,ms4 lorne1 ,c4 for lorn4 printed as shown1 with no space for hyphen at line break ,,set ,,ne ,,me ,,inexorabile ,,contra4 444 of verray blysfulnesse _/_/ brackets open on page #fa and close on page #fd nat now at 4,i4 be vnparygal to the strokes of fortune _/ as #agjh who seyth4 ,i4 dar wel now suffren al the assautes of fortune spacing unchanged3 expected 8seyth 4,i40 ,but forsoe frendes ne shollen nat ben rekkened printed 8rek-_/kened0 at line break2 expected spelling 8rekened0 ,linenote3 #bjdi 444 apparailed--,,ms4 apparailen1 ,c4 a-paraylede hyphen in 8apparailen0 invisible ,sidenote3 ,what can be more infamous than renoun founded on the prejudices of the vulgar8 spelling unchanged ,sidenote3 ,p4 ,thinkest thou that any thing in this world can confer this happiness8 7the sovereign good74 8t0 in 8this world0 invisible ,sidenote3 ,he who looks on thee beholds beginning1 support1 guide1 path and goal1 combined6 beginning support1 guide and her of come it4 at in euery ing general4 yif at4 #bdfh at men seen any ing at is inperfit 99certys in ilke general er mot ben somme ing at is perfit4 text printed as shown1 but 8yif at4 at0 may be an error3 ,skeat edition has only one 8at0 ,sidenote3 ,chaucer's gloss upon the ,text4 no closing bracket ,headnote3 ,,men ,,do ,,not ,,seek ,,true ,,felicity4 final 4 missing or invisible 444 in at at men may holden hym myty4 #caif text printed as shown1 but 8in at at0 may be an error3 ,skeat edition has only one 8at0 e worste kynde of shrewednesse ne defouli nat ne #cdcf entecehi nat hem oonly but infecti and enuenemy text unchanged3 expected form 8entecchi0 444 an shewe #cefj it clerely at ilke shrewednesse is wi outen ende 444 text printed as shown1 but may be an error for 8wrecchednesse0 as in ,skeat2 sidenote has 8eternal misery is infinite0 ,sidenote3 444 and being unfolded according to time and other circumstances1 may be called ,fate4 invisible hyphen in 8circumstances0 ,sidenote3 ,for there is nothing done for the sake of evil1 not even by the wicked 444 8n0 in 8even0 invisible ,sidenote3 ,from this source springs that great marvel 444 spring ,linenote3 #djjf world--from ,c4 #djjf--world--from ,c4 l4 #ddbc as ei ben prodestinat4 text unchanged3 may be editorial error for 8predestinat0 as in l4 #chdd ,sidenote3 ,for what falls under the cognisance of the senses and imagination cannot be general4 invisible hyphen in 8imagination0 ,linenote3 #eadh purposede--purposede invisible hyphen in 8purposede0 ,glossary ,alermoste1 most of all1 #aeh_/defc ,alerworste1 worst of all1 #aeg_/defb ,both are two words in primary text3 ,aler moste1 ,aler worste ,anguissous1 anxious1 sorrowful1 #da_/ajfb1 #ajff #da_/ajfb1 #afjf ,anoienge1 #bb_/ecb definition missing ,fel1 felle1 fierce #dd_/aafj citation 8#dd_/aafj0 supplied by transcriber ,taylage1 tollage1 #aha_/ed #aha_/ebd