,,electric ,,gas ,,light+ ,,h[ ,,to ,,in/all ,,electric ,,gas ,,ignit+ ,,app>atus ,,includ+ ,,! ,,jump ,,sp>k ,,& ,,multiple ,,sy/ems ,,= ,,use ,,9 ,,h\ses1 ,,*ur*es1 ,,!atres1 ,,halls1 ,,s*ools1 ,,/ores ,,or ,,any ,,l>ge ,,build+s ,,also ,,! ,,c>e ,,& ,,selection ,,( ,,suitable ,,batt]ies4 ,,wir+ ,,& ,,repairs ,by ,h4 ,s4 ,,norrie 7,,norman ,h4 ,,s*neid]7 7,au?or ( 8,induction ,coils & ,coil ,mak+07 ,,fir/ ,,edition ,,new ,,york ,,spon ,,*amb]la9 #ab ,,cortl&t ,,/reet ,,london ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 ,,limit$1 #abe ,,/r& #aija ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress 9 ! ye> #aija ,by ,,spon ,,*amb]la9 9 ! (fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,! ,,burr ,,pr9t+ ,,h\se1 ,,frank=t ,,& ,,jacob ,,/s41 ,n4,y4 ,,preface ,! ,electric ,light possesses ! great advantage ov] gas1 9 t x c be turn$ on or light$ f a di/ance4 ,! cu/om>y means ( ignit+ gas ) a mat* or tap] is bo? dang]\s & (t5 inconv5i5t4 ,! inv5tive g5ius ( mod]n times has evolv$ a means ( light+ gas by electricity :i* is bo? reliable & easy ( application4 ,x requires no v complicat$ devices1 nor does x necessitate a deep k ( electrical matt]s = its in/allation4 ,! object ( ! foll[+ pages is to enable any "o possess+ ord9>y me*anical ability to con/ruct mu* ( ! app>atus us$1 or at lea/ to successfully erect x & keep x 9 op]ation4 ,we beg to ?ank ! foll[+ firms = ! use ( illu/rations3 ,edw>ds ,co41 ,mott ,hav51 ,new ,york2 ,a4 ,l4 ,bog>t1 ,new ,york2 ,wm4 ,ro*e1 ,new ,york2 ,! ,electric ,gas-,light+ ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 & ,! ,manhattan ,electrical ,supply ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks4 ,introduction2 means ( produc+ sp>ks2 ,induction--,simple induction coils--,ruhmkorff ,coils #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,multiple ,,gas ,,light+4 ,application ( induction coils to gas-light+--,=ms ( burn]s us$--,p5dant ,burn]s--,rat*et ,burn]s--,/em ,burn]s--,welsba* ,burn]s--,burn]s = ,acetyl5e ,gas--,burn]s = ,gasol5e--,automatic ,burn]s #g ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,connections ,,& ,,wir+4 ,h[ to connect up app>atus--,wir+ a h\se--,locat+ breaks or %ort-circuits--,wir+ 9 f9i%$ h\ses--,g5]al rem>ks #bf ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,prim>y ,,coils ,,& ,,safety ,,devices4 ,h[ to make a simple induction coil--,automatic ,cut-outs--,! ,syracuse ,cut-out--,bo/on ,cut-out--,edw>ds' ,cut-out #df ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,light+ ,,( ,,l>ge ,,build+s4 ,s]ies or ,jump ,sp>k ,sy/em--,burn]s us$--,h[ to ,wire--,edw>ds' ,cond5s] ,sy/em--,swit*es = s]ies light+--,h[ to make a #b-;in* sp>k1 ,ruhmkorff ,coil #ee ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,select ,,batt]ies ,,= ,,gas ,,light+4 ,electrical ,rules--,electromotive =ce--,amp]es--,resi/ance--,select+ a batt]y--,arrangem5t ( batt]y--,s]ies--,multiple--,h[ to get high voltage or l>ge curr5t--,! ,leclan*e ,cell--,! ,samson ,cell--,! ,dry ,cell & h[ to make "o--,! ,edison-,lal&e ,cell--,! ,full] ,cell--,c>e & ma9t5ance ( batt]ies #gh ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,frontispiece--,,complete ,,wir+ ,,plan ,,= ,a ,,h\se4 #a ,,diagram ,,( ,,simple ,,circuit #b #b ,,diagram ,,( ,,simple ,,circuit ,,) ,,spiral #b #c ,,diagram ,,( ,,simple ,,circuit ,,) ,,spiral ,,& ,,galvanomet] #b #d ,,diagram ,,( ,,circuit ,,) ,,iron ,,core #d #e ,,diagram ,,( ,,ruhmkorff ,,coil #d #f ,,elevation ,,( ,,ruhmkorff ,,coil #f #g ,,p5dant ,,burn] #g #h ,,burn] ,,circuit #h #i ,,pla9 ,,burn] #aj #aj ,,rat*et ,,burn] #aa #aa ,,/iff-,,pull ,,p5dant #ab #ab ,,/em ,,burn] #ad #ac ,,arg& ,,burn] #ae #ad ,,welsba* ,,burn] #af #ae ,,acetyl5e ,,burn] #ag #af ,,pu% ,,button #ai #ag ,,b>?oldi ,,burn] #ba #ah ,,bo/on ,,automatic #bb #ai ,,conceal$ ,,automatic #bd #bj ,,diagram ,,wir+ ,,"o 8,,automatic0 ,,f ,,two ,,pu%es #bg #ba ,,diagram ,,wir+ ,,"o 8,,automatic0 ,,& ,,two ,,p5dant ,,burn]s #bh #bb ,,simple ,,swit* ,,connections #cc #bc ,,details ,,( ,,automatic ,,connections #ce #bd ,,details ,,( ,,cell> ,,automatic ,,circuits #ce #be ,,nut ,,wr5* #dj #bf ,,automatic ,,op]at$ ,,by ,,door-,,trip #dd #bg ,,prim>y ,,coil #df #bh ,,syracuse ,,cut-,,out #ej #bi ,,bo/on ,,cut-,,out #ea #cj ,,details ,,cut-,,out ,,rod--,,normal #eb #ca ,,details ,,cut-,,out ,,rod--,,op]at+ #ec #cb ,,bulb ,,cut-,,out #ed #cc ,,jump ,,sp>k ,,burn] #ef #cd ,,welsba* ,,burn] ,,= ,,s]ies ,,light+ #ef #ce ,,pill> ,,burn] #ef #cf ,,circuit ,,= ,,jump ,,sp>k ,,gas ,,light+ #eg #cg ,,insulator #ei #ch ,,edw>ds' ,,cond5s] #fj #ci ,,edw>ds' ,,burn] #fa #dj ,,edw>ds' ,,burn] #fa #da ,,diagram ,,( ,,edw>ds' ,,cond5s] ,,circuit #fb #db ,,circuit ,,= ,,jump ,,sp>k ,,swit* #fd #dc ,,electromagnetic ,,trail] #ff #dd ,,diagram ,,( ,,ruhmkorff ,,coil ,,circuit #fh #de ,,w9d+s ,,( ,,sections #gc #df ,,sectional ,,diagram #gd #dg ,,contact ,,break] #ge #dh ,,contact ,,key #gf #di ,,fall ,,( ,,pot5tial ,,diagram #gi #ej ,,s]ies ,,arrangem5t #ha #ea ,,multiple ,,arrangem5t #hb #eb ,,leclan*e ,,cell #hd #ec ,,samson ,,cell #hg #ed ,,new ,,/&>d ,,cell #ij #ee ,,edison-,,lal&e ,,cell #ib #ef ,,full] ,,cell #id #eg ,,gr5et ,,cell #ie ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory ,,rem>ks4 ,! enorm\s numb] ( fires aris+ f ! use ( mat*es1 & ! great conv5i5ce & fre$om f dang] ( ! electric me?od ( gas light+1 are alone suffici5t reasons = ! issue ( ^! pages4 ,! v]ie/ tyro 9 electrical op]ations kn[s t electricity w cause a sp>k1 & mo/ p]sons are aw>e t ! sp>k possesses consid]able deflagratory p[]s1 v>y+ ) ! "* ( ! sp>k4 ,9 electric gas light+ a sp>k ( ! prop] "* is pass$ across a jet ( gas & ignites x4 ,sp>ks c be produc$ by v>i\s means3 friction1 batt]y curr5t1 induction ei!r galvanic or electro-magnetic1 by a ,wim%ur/ or ,toepl] ,holtz ma*9e1 or an induction coil op]at$ by a batt]y4 ,= our purposes we w consid] only ! latt]2 ! =m] are r>ely us$1 be+ unc]ta9 & unwieldy4 ,( batt]ies !re are _m k9ds1 & al?\gh all w produce sp>ks1 yet = electric gas light+ ^? made = int]mitt5t "w & class$ z op5 circuit cells are to be pref]r$4 ,op5 circuit batt]ies1 :i* w be fully describ$ 9 a subsequ5t *apt]1 include ! ,leclan*e1 & mo/ ( ! s-call$ 8dry0 cells4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,if two wires be atta*$ to a cell ( batt]y ,b1 "o to ! c>bon or positive pole & ! o!r to ! z9c or negative pole1 & _! free ends be tapp$ toge!r1 m9ute sp>ks at ,c w be obs]v$ ea* "t ! wires sep>ate 7,fig4 #a74 ,if n[ a coil ( insulat$ wire ,s be includ$ 9 ! circuit1 ,fig4 #b1 ^u repeat+ ! make & break ( contact1 ! sp>ks w be mu* increas$4 ,?is arises f induction1 ea* adjac5t turn ( wire act+ ^u its neighbor4 ,to bett] und]/& ! action ( induction1 we w consid] ! foll[+ examples3 ,fig4 #c4 ,a is a circuit 9 :i* is ! batt]y cell ,b4 ,c is a second circuit ly+ close to b well insulat$ f circuit ,a4 ,g is a galvanomet] 9 :i* a magnetiz$ ne$le sw+s "r or left ea* "t a curr5t is pass$ ?r\gh a coil ( wire encircl+ x4 ,n[1 al?\gh !re is no batt]y cell 9 circuit ,c1 yet ! ne$le w sw+ ea* "t ! circuit ,a is clos$ or op5$2 t is1 ea* "t ! wire ends are t\*$ toge!r or sep>at$4 ,?is sw+ ( c\rse indicates t a curr5t is pass+ ?r\gh circuit ,c1 b z !re is no batt]y or o!r s\rce ( electrical en]gy includ$ 9 x1 x is cle> t x arises f ! action ( ! curr5t 9 circuit ,a4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! ne$le sw+s "o way :5 ! circuit is clos$ & ! rev]se way :5 x is op5$2 b ! great] sw+ on op5+ ! circuit indicates ! great] /r5g? ( ! induc$ curr5t at ! mom5t ! curr5t ceases to fl[ 9 circuit ,a4 ,note t ^! curr5t impulses are only mom5t>y4 ,9 ! case ( our s+le coil1 ,fig4 #b1 ea* turn ( wire act$ ^u itself 9 a simil> mann] to ! circuit ,a ^u circuit ,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,an iron rod or bundle ( iron wires1 ,p1 ins]t$ 9 ! coil1 ,fig4 #d1 b c>efully insulat$ f x1 w imm5sely increase ! inductive effects & consequ5tly ! sp>k4 ,?is arrangem5t con/itutes ! simple prim>y coil us$ 9 pull-d[n or p5dant & automatic burn]s4 ,?is sp>k is (t5 a s\rce ( inconv5i5ce2 x appe>s :]ev] a circuit includ+ simil> coils is made & brok54 ,9 telegraph app>atus at key & relay contacts x is noticeable2 9 fact1 ! writ] has us$ tempor>ily a pair ( electro-magnets f a telegraph s\nd] & obta9$ sp>k en\gh to op]ate a gas light+ burn]4 ,to produce a long sp>k :i* w jump across an air gap1 a m complicat$ =m ( coil is ne$$1 "o :i* m closely corresponds to ! exp]im5t not$ 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,! simple prim>y coil has "h ano!r coil ( f9] wire1 ,s1 w\nd on x b c>efully insulat$ f x 7,fig4 #e74 ,?is second coil1 or 8second>y10 has a va/ numb] ( turns ( f9e wire z comp>$ ) ! prim>y1 :i* has only comp>atively few turns ( co>se wire4 ,a prim>y coil ( #dj feet ( ,no4 #ad ,b4 ,s4 copp] wire w\ld be ins]t$ 9 a second>y coil ( p]haps #af1jjj feet ( ,no4 #cf ,b4 ,s4 ,?is second>y coil1 9 fact all ! app>atus con/itut+ ! induction coil1 mu/ be mo/ highly insulat$1 z ! electromotive =ce ( ! sp>k is trem5d\s1 & x w\ld be liable to pi]ce its way ?r\gh & into ! int]nal w9d+ & s de/roy ! app>atus4 ,! circuit 9 ! prim>y is made & brok5 ei!r by a h& key or by an automatic contact-break] at ,c4 ,) a l>ge coil1 ! int5sity ( ! sp>k at ,g is su* t x w jump an air-gap ( f "o-eigh? ( an in* to ov] ?ree feet4#a #a ,see ,norrie1 ,induction ,coils & ,coil-,mak+4 ,?is comb9ation ( coils & contact-break] is g5]ally kn[n z a ,ruhmkorff or int5sity coil1 & is %[n 9 elevation 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,multiple ,,gas ,,light+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,z we h already se5 h[ a sp>k is exhibit$ at an int]rupt$ contact1 ! means ( its application to gas light+ w be consid]$4 ,fig4 #g repres5ts ! mo/ g5]ally us$ k9d ( electric gas burn] or 8p5dant burn]40 ,its application is %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,! wire ,w f ! coil ,c is atta*$ to ! brass insulat$ coll> c>ry+ ! contact ,s4 ,! o!r wire f coil ,c & batt]y ,b is atta*$ to ! gas pipe ,g4 ,z ! burn] is also screw$ into ! gas pipe itself1 ! circuit w\ld be clos$ 7 x n = ! gap at ,a on ! burn]1 caus$ by ! coll> c>ry+ ! contact ,c & wire ,w1 be+ insulat$ f ! burn] pill> ,p4 ,:51 h[ev]1 a pull is giv5 to ! burn] arm *a9 s z to cause ! end ( ! spr+ ,r to /rike contact ,c 9 pass+1 contact is made & brok51 & a sp>k passes :i* ignites ! gas issu+ f ! burn] tip1 ! gas hav+ previ\sly be5 turn$ on4 ,a piece ( *a9 ) a metal ball is atta*$ to ! burn] arm 9 ord] to pull x d[n4 ,9 ?is class ( burn] !re are _m diff]5t makes diff]+ only 9 m9or details4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,fig4 #i %[s a =m ( p5dant burn] :i* has no plat9um contact1 b has a broad lug on ! insulat$ coll> :i* is scrap$ aga9/ by ! spiral spr+ :5 ! arm is pull$ d[n4 ,x w be se5 t ! lug is n held by an insulat$ coll> on ! burn] top1 b is on ! ext5sion ( an arm atta*$ to ! burn] pill> by a l>ge screw & insulat+ wa%]s4 ,! circuit wire goes "u ! small] screw se5 on ! l[] "p ( ! contact arm1 ?is =m+ a /rong & neat =m ( atta*m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,n[ x has h]et(ore be5 necess>y to turn on ! gas be=e pull+ ! *a9 ( a p5dant burn]1 b z ?is is n always desirable ! rat*et burn] is made4 ,fig4 #aj %[s burn] c>ry+ a too!d :eel1 :i* is p>tly rotat$ :5 ! arm is pull$ d[n4 ,?is :eel is m\nt$ on ! /em ( a valve :i* op5s or %uts accord+ to ! po9t ( rotation1 & ?us %uts (f or admits ! gas to fl[ up to ! burn]4 ,"o pull ( ! arm turns ! gas on2 at ! same "t ! wipe spr+ t\*es ! contact on burn] coll>1 & ! gas lights4 ,a second pull & ! :eel1 rotat+1 turns (f ! gas4 ,9 all burn]s ( ?is class a spr+ is provid$ to c>ry ! arm up & back into its orig9al position ready = ano!r pull4 ,"s burn]s d n make contact :5 ! arm flies back1 ?us sav+ batt]y curr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,fig4 #aa is an improv$ =m ( burn] :]e9 ! movable electrode does n pass ?r\gh ! gas flame1 nei!r d ! electrodes come 9 contact ) ea* o!r :5 ! gas is be+ turn$ (f4 ,ref]5ce to ! cut w %[ a p9 protrud+ f ! base ( ! coil$ spr+ electrodes1 :i* p9 is s arrang$ z to come 9 contact ) ! %ort end ( ! pull-arm4 ,:5 ?is pull-arm is pull$ d[n x pu%es up ?is p91 elongat+ ! spiral spr+ electrode suffici5tly to make & break contact at ! fix$ electrode on ! burn] coll>4 ,?is burn] c be fitt$ ) a porcela9 c&le slip if desir$ to mat* ! imitation c&le burn]s4 ,,/em ,,burn]s4 ,objection is sometimes made to ! ord9>y *a9 pulls f ! fact t !y j> ! fixtures1 & also are liable to b5d ! fixture bran*es f ! /ra9 us$ 9 op]at+ ! arm4 ,to ov]come ^! objections ! /em /yle ( burn] is manufactur$ 7see ,fig4 #ab74 ,?is /em1 x w be se51 c>ries a conv5i5t key at ! end1 :i* is turn$ ei!r "r or left z 9 an ord9>y gas-cock4 ,! mov+ contact only makes contact :5 ! gas is be+ turn$ on & light$4 ,:5 turn+ x (f1 ! arm is retract$ s z n to t\* ! fix$ electrode1 ?us sav+ batt]y curr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,fig4 #ac is a simple light+ atta*m5t = an ,arg& burn]4 ,! mov+ lev] :i* c>ries ! pull has a ,g]man silv] spiral spr+ on its top end4 ,?is /rikes aga9/ ! lug project+ f ! circuit-wire arm & makes a sp>k4 ,! l[] "p ( ! circuit-wire arm has a screw & wa%]s = ready atta*m5t1 & is /rongly & sub/antially made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,a means ( ignit+ ! gas f a ,welsba* burn] is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad1 & is s simple z to ne$ no fur!r explanation4 ,,acetyl5e ,,burn]s4 ,ow+ to ! deposits ( c>bon1 x is necess>y to con/ruct burn]s = acetyl5e gas 9 a diff]5t & m sub/antial mann] ?an ^? design$ = coal gas4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,! be/ arrangem5t is depict$ 9 ,fig4 #ae1 :i* has a pilot-tube burn] z well z ! two ma9 tips4 ,on turn+ ! key1 gas is admitt$ to bo? ma9 & pilot burn]s1 b ! electrode 9 break+ contact only ignites ! gas at pilot burn]1 :i*1 9 its turn1 acts z a light] = ! ma9 burn]4 ,turn+ ! ma9 burn] out1 ! pilot light c be left burn+ if desir$1 giv+ a small light1 x be+ n feasible to turn d[n ! ma9 burn] ow+ to ! be=e-m5tion$ c>bonization4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,! orifice ( an acetyl5e burn] is mu* small] ?an t ( a coal gas burn]1 ! =m] burn+ ab\t "o-half foot p] h\r1 aga9/ six or sev5 feet ( ! latt]4 ,,burn]s ,,= ,,gasol5e4 ,! flame f ?is gas is hott] ?an t ( coal gas1 & deposits s mu* m c>bon t a slight modification is necess>y 9 ! con/ruction ( burn]s = x4 ,! details c be readily se5 on obs]vation ( a burn]1 be+ simply 9 ! adju/m5t ( ! contacts & _! op]ation4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to use a l>g] coil & a /rong] batt]y = gasol5e gas light+ ?an w\ld be ne$$ = coal gas--say1 #f cells ( ,samson1 or l>ge-size ,new ,/&>d dry batt]y & a #aj-;in* coil hav+ ab\t #d p\nds or m ( wire on x4 ,,automatic ,,burn]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,!re are sev]al =ms ( ^! burn]s1 b ! pr9ciple ( all is ! same4 ,a gas burn] protrudes f ! top ( a brass case :i* encloses ! actuat+ me*anism4 ,?is me*anism consi/s g5]ally ( two electro-magnets1 ! armature ( "o op5+ ! valve & all[+ ! gas to fl[1 at ! same "t vibrat+ a plat9um-tipp$ rod aga9/ an electrode ^u ! burn] coll>4 ,?is produces a s]ies ( sp>ks at ! burn] tip :i* ignites ! gas4 ,a second magnet is provid$ :i* %uts ! valve & ext+ui%es ! gas4 ,"s devices use "o electro-magnet to bo? op5 & close ! valve1 b ! majority h d\ble electro-magnets4 ,! circuit is work$ f a pu% button1 ,fig4 #af1 situat$ :]ev] desir$2 pressure on a :ite button lights ! gas & on a black "o %uts x (f4 ,,b>?oldi ,,automatic ,,burn]4 ,in/ead ( a rotat+ /op-cock1 z 9 o!r automatics1 a gravity valve is employ$ 9 ! ,b>?oldi1 :i* is held to its seat by ! weight ( ! armature & connect+ /em1 z %[n 9 figure #ag4 ,:5 ! gas is turn$ (f ! valve re/s ^u its seat1 z indicat$ 9 ! cut4 ,by a closure ( ! electric circuit at ! turn-on button1 two ( ! helices ,m ,p are en]giz$1 caus+ ! armature ,j to be lift$1 ?us1 by means ( ! /em ,h1 rais+ ! valve ,g f its seat into ! dott$ position1 & op5+ ! gas way s t ! gas may issue to ! tip1 z %[n by ! arr[s4 ,at ! same "t1 ! top ( ! valve /rikes aga9/ ! end ( ! lev] ,w1 caus+ ! circuit to be brok5 at ! sp>k po9ts ,t ,u1 result+ 9 a cont9u\s sp>k+ z long z ! f+] presses ! button4 ,! magnet :5 rais+ ! armature has also twi/$ or p>tially revolv$ x1 s z to br+ ! not* d 9 ! armature ov] ! end ( ! hook e1 z %[n 9 ! dott$ l9es4 ,:5 ! circuit is brok5 by lift+ ! f+] f ! button1 ! not* falls into ! hook & ! valve is lock$ op54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,to ext+ui% ! flame1 ! turn-(f button is press$1 :5 a second magnet 7n %[n 9 cut7 lifts ! armature & twi/s x 9 ! opposite direction1 s t :5 ! circuit is brok5 ! armature falls free to its normal position1 clos+ ! valve4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,,! ,,advance ,,automatic4 ,?is automatic burn]1 ,fig4 #ah1 is typical ( ! class hav+ two magnets1 "o to op5 valve & light gas1 & ano!r to close valve & ext+ui% ! light4 ,x embodies an improvem5t ov] ! old] types ( burn]s 9 t ! b9d+ po/s are m\nt$ on a rubb] /rip held by two screws1 ?us prev5t+ ! twi/+ & loos5+ s common h]et(ore4 ,x also all[s ( ! valve be+ op5$ & gas light$ by means ( a mat* %\ld ! batt]y fail4 ,,vibrator ,,burn]4 ,?is is an automatic burn] :i* has no valve me*anism1 b ignites ! gas only4 ,x is g5]ally plac$ 9 a clu/] or r+ :]e ! burn]s are close en\gh to light by contagion4 ,x is mu* small] 9 diamet] ?an ! regul> automatic burn]s1 be+ b "o & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]4 ,,arg& ,,automatic ,,burn]s4 ,automatic burn]s are also made = ,arg&1 b pres5t no radical diff]5ce 9 con/ruction ov] ! regul> type4 ,,! ,,conceal$ ,,automatic ,,burn]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,?is automatic1 ,fig4 #ai1 consi/s ( two iron-clad magnets1 plac$ "o above ! o!r1 betwe5 :i* is locat$ a gas valve4 ,?r\gh an ext5sion ( ! latt] a p9 is driv51 "o end act$ ^u by ! upp] armature to op5 ! valve & ignite ! gas1 ! o!r by ! l[] armature :i* s]ves to close ! valve & ext+ui% ! flame4 ,ar\nd ! burn] is plac$ a porcela9 c&le slip ( #c_/d-;in* diamet] & f #d-c_/d in*es 9 l5g? upw>ds4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,connections ,,& ,,wir+4 ,fig4 #bj %[s h[ to connect up an automatic burn] ) two pu%es2 ?us "o c be d[n/airs 9 ! hall & ! o!r up/airs1 all[+ "o to ei!r ext+ui% or light ! gas f ei!r place4 ,! value ( ?is arrangem5t is obvi\s2 x all[s "o to light up ! hall be=e desc5d+ at night1 or to put out ! gas aft] "o is safely up/airs4 ,aga91 an automatic burn] c be put 9 ! cell> & light$ & ext+ui%$ f ! head ( ! cell>-/airs1 sav+ mat*es & dang] ( fire4 ,fig4 #ba %[s ! connections ( "o automatic burn] & two p5dant or ra*et burn]s4 ,p ,p are ! p5d5t burn]s1 ,a ! automatic burn]1 ,c ! prim>y coil1 ,s ! buttons :i* control ! automatic burn]1 ,m ,m ,m ! cells ( batt]y1 ( :i* !re %\ld be at lea/ f\r1 if n six4 ,a l[-resi/ance cell mu/ be us$ "h1 z be=e m5tion$1 "o t gives n less ?an #e amp]es on %ort circuit4 ,x w be se5 "h t "o side ( ! batt]y is connect$ to gr\nd 7or gas pipe71 ! circuit be+ complet$ ow+ to ! burn]s be+ !mselves screw$ into ! gas pipe4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 to fir/ see t no insulat+ bu%+s h be5 us$ at ! gas fixtures1 z is done 9 wir+ = electric light4 ,9 ?is case a d\ble circuit w h to be run4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,9 wir+ up an automatic burn] ) two electro-magnets1 two wires are run1 "o f ! black button & "o f ! :ite button on pu%-plate4 ,mo/ burn]s h b9d+ po/s inside ! case1 ! wires runn+ ?r\gh a rubb]-bu%$ hole 9 ! base4 ,"o ( ! greate/ defects 9 ! old /yle automatics arose f ! two b9d+ po/s be+ fix$ on a h>d rubb] block1 :i* 0 held by "o screw to ! burn] top4 ,?is screw got loose at times & ! block us$ to twi/1 mak+ x h>d to tight5 ! wires4 ,b improvem5ts h be5 made 9 ?is direction1 ! lat] burn]s hav+ a block ) a projection :i* engages 9 a hole 9 ! cov]1 & is held by two screws4 ,if ! pu% has be5 set 9 place1 & all wir+ done1 connect up ! burn]1 fir/ asc]ta9+ to :i* b9d+ po/ ! two wires run4 ,?is is done by hav+ "o button press$1 ! light+ 7:ite7 "o1 = example1 & !n t\*+ ! b9d+ po/ ) ei!r wire4 ,! light+ armature w buzz viol5tly :5 t\*$1 :]eas ! ext+ui%+ "o only /rikes once :5 contact is made4 ,:5 only "o p]son is work+1 a p9 c be w$g$ 9 ! pu% s z to keep ! circuit clos$4 ,9 sett+ up ^! burn]s c>e mu/ be tak5 n to b5d contacts or alt] adju/m5ts1 & absolute precaution is necess>y t no wires t\* :]e un9sulat$4 ,a cause ( tr\ble is a dirty burn] :i* does n all[ ! gas to /rike ! contact sp>k4 ,! coll> c>ry+ ! second contact may %ift1 or p]haps become %ort-circuit$ 9 a p5dant or rat*et burn]2 a /rip ( asbe/os w rem$y ?is4 ,,burn] ,,di/ribution4 ,9 fitt+ a h\se ) electric light+ burn]s1 ! "q ( selection is be/ solv$ z foll[s3 ,= ! ma9 hall & foot ( ! cell>-/airs1 use ! automatic burn]4 ,= o!r hallways1 d9+-room1 draw+-room1 & ba?room use rat*et burn]s :i* turn on & light gas :5 *a9 is pull$4 ,= b$rooms use pla9 p5dant burn]s2 automatics & rat*ets add an elem5t ( dang]1 9 t !y may n turn (f gas1 or may leak4 ,mo/ ( ?is type on ! m>ket are z reliable z x is possible to make !m1 b /ill accid5ts w happ54 ,! frontispiece %[s a diagram ( ! wir+ 9 a dwell+ h\se ( m$ium size1 divid+ x into ?ree sections1 ea* section be+ controll$ by a swit*--ei!r a h& swit* or "o ( ! automatic cut-out swit*es else:]e describ$4 ,! burn]s are di/ribut$ z foll[s3 ,no4 #a 9 ! front cell>1 p5dant or rat*et4 ,no4 #b 9 ! re> cell> at foot ( /airway is an automatic burn] controll$ f kit*5 above4 ,nos4 #c & #d rat*et burn]s on *&eli]s 9 draw+-room & d9+-room4 ,no4 #e rat*et or p5dant 9 kit*54 ,no4 #f p5dant 9 b$room4 ,no4 #g rat*et or p5dant 9 ba?room4 ,no4 #h p5dant 9 b$room4 ,no4 #i p5dant 9 b$room4 ,nos4 #aj1 #aa1 & #ab p5dants 9 b$room4 ,no4 #ac automatic burn] 9 hallway op]at$ f pu%es 9 l[] & 9 upp] hallways4 ,! articles requir$ = ?is job are z foll[s3 ,two automatic burn]s4 ,?ree gas light+ pu%-buttons & bases4 ,p5dant & rat*et burn]s accord+ to numb] ( lights 9 rooms4 ,six cells--op5 circuit batt]y4 ,"o ?ree-lev] swit*4 ,"o #h or #aj in* sp>k coil4 ,?ree p\nds ,no4 #af pat5t f9i% (fice wire4 ,two ounces ,no4 #bd gas-fixture wire4 ,"o p\nd t9n$ #c_/h /aples4 ,few squ>e in*es t9foil4 ,small roll insulat+ tape4 ,tools3 #d-;in* screwdriv]1 pocket knife1 #d-a_/b-;in* side-cutt+ pli]s1 hamm]1 piece ( s&pap]4 ,! simple section swit* is %[n enl>g$ 9 ,fig4 #bb4 ,! wires #a1 #b1 & #c are f _! respective circuits & t]m9ate at ! swit* arms ,a ,a ,a4 ,! wire f ! batt]y ,b & coil ,c runs to ea* swit*-/ud ,s ,s ,s4 ,if tr\ble %[s on ! l9e1 ea* circuit c be ?r[n (f by mov+ its swit* arm until ! fault is locat$4 ,if x is n f\nd at once1 & ! batt]y is weak1 7te/ ea* cell ) an ord9>y electric bell71 op5 all ! circuits until ! batt]y is recup]at$1 & disconnect ! batt]y wire f ! swit*4 ,!n atta* ! batt]y wire to ! bell & t\* ea* swit* lev] ) a wire f ! o!r b9d+ po/ ( ! bell4 ,if !re is a %ort circuit on any section1 ! bell w r+ or tremble :5 ! arm is t\*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! burn]s fail to "w & no sign ( a %ort circuit c be ?us obta9$1 x is evid5t t a wire is brok5 or a screw is loose4 ,to locate a break1 connect up ! bell z j describ$ & atta* ! te/+ wire to ! swit* ) all lev]s clos$2 ?is is actually putt+ ! bell 9 s]ies ) ! batt]y1 coil1 & gr\nd4 ,!n hunt = ! break4 ,take a long piece ( wire & fa/5 "o end to a gr\nd pipe4 ,!n t\* ! o!r end to ! circuit wire 9 ! cell> z f> z y c g1 b>+ ! insulation 9 spots1 b c>efully re-insulat+ x aga94 ,if !re is no break 9 ! cell>1 ! bell w r+ l\dly at ea* contact4 ,next1 proce$ to ! next floor & repeat ! op]ation1 gradually work+ away f ! batt]y4 ,z soon z y pass ! break1 ! bell w fail to respond4 ,two p]sons "h are bett] ?an "o1 z x may be necess>y to g q a di/ance f ! bell be=e f9d+ ! tr\ble4 ,fig4 #bc %[s details ( ! wir+ f ! hall light to ! two pu%-buttons4 ,a wire is run "r d[n f ! top pu% ,t1 middle connection1 pa/ ! l[] pu% ,l1 :]e a simil> bran* jo9s x1 until x rea*es ! section swit*4 ,! light+ & ext+ui%+ wires f ! l[] pu% run up & are jo9$ on to ! simil> wires f ! top pu%1 :i* latt] wires g directly ?r\gh ! floor & ceil+ to ! automatic burn] ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,fig4 #bd is ! detail ( ! wir+ = ! cell> automatic burn] ,a1 f ! pu% ,p1 & is s cle>ly %[n z n to require fur!r explanation4 ,! secret ( success 9 gas-light+ "w is c>eful wir+4 ,! plat9um tip ( ! vibrat+ rod is (t5 b5t1 ei!r by accid5tal bl[ or by ! cont9ual hamm]+ aga9/ ! tip on ! coll>4 ,?is (t5 causes an op5 circuit :5 ! light+ armature refuses to buzz4 ,aga91 soot w =m1 caus+ weak action ow+ to imp]fect contact4 ,exam9e1 adju/1 & clean2 "h1 z 9 all electrical "w1 contacts mu/ be clean4 ,9 g5]al wir+1 use wea!rpro( (fice wire1 or1 bett] /ill1 well-made electric light wire4 ,= ord9>y h\se "w ,no4 #af ,b4 ,s4 gauge is pref]able2 small] wire means high] resi/ance & less curr5t at burn]4 ,= braid$ (fice wire1 ,no4 #af runs ab\t #ie feet to ! p\nd1 ,no4 #ah ab\t #ace feet to ! p\nd4 ,! *eap] grades ( wire )\t ! pat5t f9i% or extra insulation are n wor? us+2 soon] or lat] tr\ble w ensue1 & once a h\se is wir$1 x is no pleasant job to hunt tr\ble1 especially if ! wire 0 put on be=e ! pla/]4 ,9 mod]n build+s 9 l>ge cities1 ! use ( conduit tubes has become g5]al1 b ! h&l+ ( ^! conduits comes m "u ! prov9ce ( ! electric-light wireman & less )9 ! scope ( ^! pages4 ,9 wir+ new wood5 build+s d n draw wires too tight2 ! wood may exp& & ei!r break wire or cause a weak5+ ( ! insulation4 ,9 wir+ be=e ! pla/] is put on1 always leave a good l5g? free1 s x w n be cov]$ up by ! pla/]]s4 ,! wire us$ on ! gas fixture is ( a special k9d1 be+ made = ! purpose4 ,x is made 9 two sizes1 ,no4 #bb & ,no4 #bd ,b4 ,s4 gauge1 & ) ?ree w9d+s ( cotton1 ?ree out] lay]s ( cotton & "o ( silk1 or ?ree w9d+s ( cotton :i* is soak$ 9 firepro( prep>ation1 & !n w\nd ) silk4 ,z ! piece us$ is g5]ally %ort1 ^! small sizes are suffici5t 9 c>ry+ capacity4 ,aft] wir+ up a fixture1 ?is f9e wire c be ti$ on to ! pipes1 etc41 ) ?read1 & a good coat+ or two ( %ellac v>ni% appli$4 ,:5 ?is is dry1 ! ?read c be remov$ & ! %ellac w hold ! wires on to ! fixture4 ,on no acc\nt f9ally connect up ! batt]y to a circuit :5 %ellack+ ! wire4 ,wait until ! %ellac is ?or\ghly dry & h>d--at lea/ half a day1 if possible4 ,:ite lead is g5]ally us$ at ! jo9ts :]e ! burn] screws into ! fixture1 b t9foil wrapp$ r\nd ! jo9t w give good s]vice4 ,x prev5ts leaks & ensures a good contact4 ,! gr\nd connection at ! batt]y mu/ be fir/-class2 d n be cont5t ) j wrapp+ a few turns ( wire ar\nd ! pipe 9 ! cell> 7assum+ ! batt]y is 9 ! cell>71 b clean & scrape ! pipe2 clean at lea/ two feet ( ! wire1 w9d x tightly & ev5ly on ! pipe & sold] x4 ,!re is a pipe-clamp made :i* is clamp$ on ! pipe & ! wire atta*$ to t1 b x mu/ be prop]ly put on a clean surface4 ,,wir+ ,,f9i%$ ,,h\ses4 ,9 wir+ f9i%$ h\ses1 especially wood5 ones1 ! wires c be run along skirt+ bo>ds1 & (t5 pu%$ out ( sight 9 ! space betwe5 ! floor & ! skirt+4 ,?is is q p]missible1 z ! wires1 unlike electric-light wires1 c>ry no dang]\s curr5t2 b wat]pro( wire becomes pref]able1 z ! wat] us$ 9 wa%+ a floor w (t5 creep "u & rot ! insulation4 ,9 go+ up/airs1 wires c (t5 be run 9 ! flut+ ( a m\ld+ along ! /airway1 & be q inconspicu\s2 b :]ev] possible1 fi% ! wires up inside ! wall4 ,! ma9 ?+ to be consid]$ 9 wir+ is t ! wires are l>ge en\gh1 well insulat$1 all jo9ts well made & tap$ & put :]e !re is no dang] ( injury4 ,rats h a habit ( gnaw+ p>aff9-coat$ insulation1 & x is well to run su* 9 metal tubes4 ,9 jo9+ or splic+ wires1 d x 9 a ?or\gh mann]1 & sold] if possible4 ,nev] use ! old bell-hang] jo9t--! "o 9 :i* ! ends ( ! wires are m]ely loop$ toge!r4 ,/rip insulation & scrape or s&pap] bright ab\t ?ree in*es ( ea* wire to be splic$4 ,!n1 plac+ ! b>e wires across ea* o!r ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* f ! insulation1 tightly w9d ! loose b>e ends ( ea* ar\nd ! b>e inside portion ( ! "o x is be+ splic$ to4 ,a t\* ( sold] w prev5t tr\ble f oxidation1 aft] ! adhesive tape has be5 wrapp$ on4 ,att5tion to details l ^! w (t5 ensure ! satisfactory work+ ( ! job4 ,a h&y tool = gas-light+ wir+ is %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,"o end is bor$ out to fit ! small nuts on ! rat*et & p5dant burn]s1 & ! o!r is fil$ flat = use z a screwdriv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,a case may arise :]e !re is electric light on ! same *&eli] z ! gas lights1 & t an insulat+ bu%+ has be5 screw$ 9 betwe5 ! fixture & ! pipe4 ,9 ?is case x w be necess>y to run two wires to ea* burn]1 ! pipe common return be+ n[ unavailable4 ,ano!r s*eme is to int]pose an insulat+ bu%+ "u ea* burn]2 !n ! second or return wire ne$ only be run f ! burn] to ! gas pipe outside ! ma9 bu%+4 ,b ! local fire-insurance rules mu/ fir/ be consult$4 ,mo/ ceil+ gas fixtures w admit ( ! fixture wire be+ run inside ! brass %ell1 :i* makes a neat] job4 ,b ! v be/ ( insulation mu/ be us$1 & great c>e be tak5 t x be n abrad$4 ,x %\ld be %ellack$ or o!rwise insulat$ be=e use4 ,! electric-light fixture wires are admirable = use "h if !re is room4 ,= conceal$ "w 9 a f9i%$ h\se1 locate ! position ( ! fixture "u ! floor ( ! room above by measur+ bo? 9 ! room :]e ! fixture is & 9 ! room above4 ,!n cut out a piece ( ! floor1 drill up f und]nea? ?r\gh ! fixture pla/]-rose ) a f9e drill1 & pu% ! fixture wire up4 ,! ma9 wire c be laid "u ! c>pet1 or along ! floor-crack 9 ! up/airs room4 ,9 wir+ up wall-fixtures1 pu%-buttons1 etc41 x is (t5 possible to fi% ! wire up f ! floor by pun*+ a hole at ! fixture & ins]t+ a piece ( *a9 7made = ! purpose71 atta*$ to a long & /\t ?read4 ,!n drill into ! skirt+ ne> ! floor plumb und]nea? ! fir/ hole & fi% = ! *a9 ) a piece ( wire hav+ a hook on ! end ( x4 ,:]e fixtures h brass rosettes1 ^! c be remov$ by 7g5]ally7 unscrew+ ! fixture1 b fir/ %ut (f ! gas at ! met]1 or plug ! hole2 ?is may seem unnecess>y advice1 b exp]i5ce w>rants its be+ giv54 ,:5 ! *a9 is fi%$ out1 a piece ( wire c be atta*$ to ! ?read & pull$ ?r\gh 9 turn4 ,9 mo/ cases its po9t ( exit at ! fixture c be conceal$ by ! rosette1 ?r\gh a hole 9 :i* x passes4 ,take c>e t ! edges ( ?is hole d n cut ! insulation4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 at e /ep 9 gas-light+ wir+4 ,9 wir+ up a pu%-button1 screw all wires tightly "u _! respective b9d+ screws1 & !n cov] :]ev] possible ) adhesive tape4 ,z ! wires mu/ be some:at loose to all[ ( ! connections be+ made at ! back ( ! pu%-button at ! wall1 !y w h to be c>efully pu%$ into ! hole1 & if !y are n tightly held by screws1 tr\ble w result4 ,x is a good plan1 :5 us+ f9e en\gh wire1 to make a sort ( eye at ! end ( ! wire & pass ! screw ?r\gh ?is1 in/ead ( m]ely giv+ ! wire end a turn ar\nd ! screw & !n driv+ ! screw home4 ,( c\rse wa%]s %\ld be us$ :]ev] an ord9>y screw holds a b>e wire4 ,,automatic ,,burn] ,,op]at$ ,,by ,,door4 ,"o ( ! uses to :i* an automatic burn] c be put is 9 conjunction ) an electric door-spr+1 light+ :5 ! door is op5$1 b pref]ably ext+ui%$ by indep5d5t pu%4 ,9 ?is case1 a =m ( trip spr+ %\ld be us$ :i* w\ld only make contact dur+ a portion ( ! travel ( door4 ,su* a trip is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf4 ,a is automatic burn]2 ,c1 ! prim>y coil2 ,b1 ! batt]y2 ,t1 a sw++ trip piece ( brass h+$ 9 brass plate1 ,p1 :i* is screw$ ov] ! door 9 su* mann] t ! door op5+ 9 direction ( ! arr[ w cause ! trip ,t to /rike aga9/ ! spr+ ,s1 & make contact4 ,?is spr+ is insulat$ f ! plate ,p by ! h>d rubb] block ,r4 ,on ! door be+ op5$1 ! trip w make contact long en\gh to light ! burn] & w !n fall back z ! door passes4 ,on %utt+ ! door1 ! trip w be rais$ & w fall z ! door passes1 b w n make contact4 ,or1 if s desir$1 x c be made to op]ate a second contact to ext+ui% ! burn] by fix+ a second insulat$ spr+ s x w be press$ :5 ! top ( trip makes a d[nw>d movem5t--z :5 ! door passes x 9 %utt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,v>i\s applications ( automatic burn]s 9 connection ) burgl> al>ms w sugge/ !mselves1 b 9 ^! cases ! utmo/ c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! app>atus is 9 good work+ ord]2 failure to light might cause ! room to be fill$ ) gas1 & s]i\s results ensue4 ,= ^? p]sons :o use gas /oves & are me*anically incl9$1 an arrangem5t ( an al>m clock ) an automatic burn] w enable !m to light up )\t gett+ out ( b$1 or p]haps ev5 wak+ up4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,prim>y ,,coils ,,& ,,safety ,,devices4 ,to con/ruct a prim>y coil su* z us$ ) p5dant or automatic burn]s pres5ts no difficulty4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t sizes are ^? #h to #aj in*es 9 l5g? & ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]4 ,x is q common to speak ( ^! coils z #h or #aj in* coils2 to ! writ]'s k ?is has be5 tak5 to mean a ,ruhmkorff or d\ble-w\nd induction coil1 giv+ a free #h or #aj in* sp>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,to make su* a coil 7,fig4 #bg71 proce$ z foll[s3 ,prep>e a spool by glu+ a pap] or fibre tube #c_/d in* 9 outside diamet] by ab\t #a-af in* ?ick into squ>e or r\nd spool ends ?ree in*es squ>e1 "o-half in* ?ick1 & hav+ ea* a c5tre hole j l>ge en\gh to admit ( ! tube be+ held tightly4 ,^! ends %\ld be firmly fix$ on ! tube2 a p9 or two driv5 ?r\gh tube into end w assi/ 9 /r5g!n+ ! jo9t4 ,n[ w9d on ! tube ab\t #c p\nds ,no4 #ab ,b4 ,s4 cotton-cov]$ magnet wire4 ,?is w give ab\t six lay]s ( #hj turns ea*1 ne>ly #ejj turns 9 all1 a total l5g? (1 say1 #aej feet1 measur+ 4#be ohm4 ,! ends ( ! wire are to be br\ght out ?r\gh holes drill$ 9 ! spool ends1 & c be fix$ to brass b9d+ po/s on ^? ends4 ,into ! pap] tube pu% z _m iron wires #h in*es long by ,no4 #bb ,b4 ,w4 gauge z w fill x4 ,^! iron wires c be tight5$ f9ally by driv+ 9 at ea* end1 a /\t wire nail4 ,al?\gh n absolutely necess>y1 a coat or two ( %ellac v>ni% appli$ to ! w9d+s w make a bett] insulation4 ,%ellac v>ni% is readily made by dissolv+ "o "p gum %ellac 9 f\r p>ts ( alcohol4 ,= coils :i* are likely to be 9 damp places1 a good saturation ) insulat+ comp\nd1 su* z ,p4 ,b4 pa9t1 w r5d] !m wat]pro(4 ,! ne$ = good insulation 9 ^! prim>y coils is n s urg5t z 9 ,ruhmkorff coils1 ow+ to ! l[] pot5tial ( ! curr5t4 ,a small] coil c be made ) ,no4 #ad ,b4 ,s4 wire :]e ! batt]y is ( high] resi/ance 7or gives less ?an t5 amp]es on %ort circuit74 ,! rem>ks on batt]y selection on ano!r page w be f\nd to meet application "h4 ,,automatic ,,cut-,,outs4 ,:]e !re are a numb] ( burn]s to be in/all$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( a h\se1 x becomes desirable to wire 9 a numb] ( circuits4 ,z "o end ( ! circuit is already gr\nd$1 a second gr\nd w cause mat]ial injury to ! batt]y if n detect$ 9 "t4 ,x becomes1 !re=e1 necess>y to be able to op5 a gr\nd$ circuit )\t affect+ all ! lights 9 a h\se4 ,?is is possible ) ! multiple circuit arrangem5t by us+ a swit*1 ei!r automatic or op]at$ by h&4 ,! simple/ =m ( dang] signal is ! relay electric bell atta*m5t1 :i* device is m\nt$ on ! end ( ! gas-light+ coil4 ,x consi/s ( an armature :i* closes a circuit :5 attract$ by ! coil core1 9 :i* circuit are includ$ a batt]y & electric bell4 ,n[ :5 an ord9>y p5dant or rat*et burn] is pull$1 x only s5ds a mom5t>y curr5t ?r\gh ! coil1 en\gh to magnetize ! core1 b n en\gh to attract ! armature suffici5tly long = ! bell to r+4 ,b if a %ort circuit or gr\nd %\ld occur1 ! armature is held aga9/ ! contact long en\gh to cause ! bell to r+ & give w>n+4 ,9 "s cases a con/ant r++ atta*m5t is add$1 9 :i* case ! bell r+s until "s "o /ops x4 ,,! ,,syracuse ,,cut-,,out4 ,?is is a mo/ +5i\s device = op5+ a %ort circuit1 dep5d+ on its action ^u ! sluggi% movem5t ( glyc]9e 7,fig4 #bh74 ,a seal$ glass tube pivot$ ne> its c5tre conta9s a portion ( glyc]9e suffici5t to consid]ably ov]balance x & keep "o end d[n4 ,a s(t iron armature is atta*$ to ?is tube 9 su* mann] t ea* "t a curr5t fl[s ?r\gh a pair ( electro-magnets1 ! attraction ( ! armature causes ! tube to tilt & ! glyc]9e fl[s along to ! o!r end4 ,n[ x w be readily se5 t if ! tube is only tilt$ = a second or s1 ! sl[-mov+ glyc]9e w n h fl[$ suffici5tly to ! end to ov]balance x1 b x requires an attraction ( ! armature = a consid]able p]iod4 ,?is electro-magnet is 9 circuit ) ! gas-light+ wires1 ! tube be+ provid$ ) contacts 9 su* mann] t1 :5 fully tilt$1 ! circuit is brok54 ,! mom5t>y j]ks imp>t$ to ! armature by ! op]ation ( a p5dant or automatic burn] w n be en\gh to p]man5tly tilt ! tube & break contact1 b a %ort circuit w hold ! armature tight d[n1 until ! increas+ weight ( glyc]9e causes ! tube to op5 ! circuit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,,automatic ,,sectional ,,cut-,,out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,?is cut-out1 ,fig4 #bi1 is repres5tative ( ! class :i* use clockwork1 & is bo? simple & reliable4 ,! h\se circuit is 9 s]ies ) an electro-magnet :i* controls a clockwork hav+ a long p9ion %aft4 ,?is clockwork />ts & runs :ile ! h\se circuit is clos$1 z on op]at+ a burn]1 b /ops :5 ! circuit is op5$ & fl[ ( curr5t ceases4 ,! wires lead+ to diff]5t circuits 9 ! build+ run ?r\gh a numb] ( contact spr+s m\nt$ on slid+ rods1 :i* h tee? cut on ! "u side 7,fig4 #cj74 ,^! rods h s(t iron armatures on ! opposite ends f ! contact spr+s1 :i* re/ ov] electro-magnets1 also connect$ to ! h\se circuits4 ,:5 ! clockwork />ts1 ! p9ion %aft revolves1 b does n engage 9 any ( ! slid+ rods1 z !y j cle> x4 ,%\ld a heavy or cont9u\s curr5t pass ?r\gh "o ( ! electro-magnets1 x attracts ! armature on ! correspond+ rod 7,fig4 #ca71 & ! turn+ p9ion engages 9 ! tee?1 draw+ up ! rod & break+ contact4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,fig4 #cb is a =m ( batt]y protector :i* works on ! gravity pr9ciple4 ,"h ea* section is gov]n$ by a rock+ contact1 op]at$ by two glass bulbs p>tially fill$ ) a volatile fluid 7su* z e!r71 & jo9$ by a glass tube4 ,9 "o ( ^! bulbs is a plat9um wire :i* is includ$ 9 ! circuit & heats ^u ! passage ( a /rong or cont9u\s curr5t4 ,if ! circuit is clos$ too long1 ! heat+ ( ! plat9um wire causes ! fluid to fl[ into ! upp] bulb1 &1 z ! bulbs are pivot$1 ! increas$ weight ( ! upp] bulb n[ ov]balances ! rock] & breaks ! circuit on t section4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,light+ ,,( ,,l>ge ,,build+s4 ,! jump sp>k sy/em is us$ :]e x is desir$ to light clu/]s ( gas jets situat$ 9 inaccessible places1 or a numb] ( !m simultane\sly4 ,! sp>k f a ,ruhmkorff coil1 be+ made by a contact brok5 at ! coil & n at ! burn]1 c be divid$ up among a numb] ( simple burn]s plac$ 9 s]ies4 ,"o ( ! burn]s us$ & kn[n z ! ,smi? jump sp>k burn] is %[n 9 ,fig4 #cc4 ,! wires f ! coil are atta*$ to ! electrodes %[n on ea* side ( ! burn]1 & ! sp>k jumps across ! gap1 situat$ ne>ly ov] ! burn] orifice4 ,!re is a gu>d-flange ( mica r\nd ! l[] "p4 ,fig4 #cd %[s ! mann] 9 :i* ! jump sp>k is appli$ to a ,welsba* burn]4 ,a small porcela9 clip c>ry+ ! sp>k-gap wires is held on ! top ( ! burn] *imney4 ,! electrodes project d[n into ! *imney s t a draught ( air _c c>ry ! /ream ( gas away f ! sp>k-gap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4 ,fig4 #ce %[s a burn] int5d$ = ! /age ( a !atre1 or :]e ! lights are locat$ 9 dang]\s & inaccessible places4 ,! burn] is made ( porcela9 ^u :i* are spun ! metal top & bottom4 ,"o electrode is also clamp$ ar\nd x1 all[+ ( adju/m5t & bett] insulation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,^! burn]s are us$ 9 s]ies1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cf4 ,b ,b ,b are ! burn]s2 ,s ,s1 ! second>y wires f ! ,ruhmkorff coil1 ,i2 ,p ,p1 ! prim>y coil wires f batt]y1 op5$ & clos$ by means ( ! key1 ,k4 ,x is (t5 possible to place pla9 burn]s close en\gh s t !y c ignite by contagion4 ,9 ?is case "o ( ! pla9 burn]s is remov$ & replac$ by a multiple burn]1 z above4 ,x is cu/om>y to all[ sixte5 burn]s to "o in* ( sp>k1 9 :i* case ! sp>k gaps are adju/$ ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in* ap>t4 ,a coil giv+ a #b-;in* sp>k w\ld op]ate #cb burn]s1 b actually x w\ld be f\nd pref]able to omit a few1 s z to make all[ance = any slight leak4 ,a sp>k ( ov] #b in*es is h>d to h&le1 al?\gh (t5 us$2 x is bett] to make up a numb] ( circuits (1 say1 #cj burn]s ea*1 & op]ate !m alt]nately by a suitable swit*4 ,! wire us$ to connect ! burn]s is g5]ally b>e1 al?\gh an insulat$ wire is sometimes us$4 ,b ! electromotive =ce ( a #b-;in* sp>k is s high t x is bett] to run ! wires s !y d n come ne> any?+ liable to cause a leak4 ,! rem>kable t5d5cy ( ^! high-t5sion curr5ts mu/ be mo/ c>efully gu>d$ aga9/2 inde$1 x is :at makes ?is /yle ( gas light+ s (t5 unsuccessful4 ,a damp wall1 gilt wall-pap]1 a gas pipe hidd5 9 ! pla/]1 w (t5 lead (f ! curr5t4 ,! wires %\ld be at lea/ #ej p] c5t4 fur!r (f f any object ?an ! sp>k l5g?2 t is1 a #b-;in* sp>k circuit %\ld be at lea/ #c in*es away f a wall1 & ! fur!r ! bett]4 ,x _c be too /rongly urg$ t e precaution be tak5 to keep ! wires away f objects o!r ?an _! insulators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4 ,fig4 #cg %[s ! special =m ( insulator us$4 ,x is made ( ! highe/ grade glaze fill$ porcela91 & ! screw is pass$ into x & holds aga9/ ! l[] end z f> away f ! wire z possible4 ,glass tubes %\ld be pass$ ov] ! wires :]ev] !y come ne> any metallic object1 t is1 )9 sp>k+ di/ance4 ,,edw>ds' ,,cond5s] ,,sy/em4 ,?is sy/em diff]s f ! =ego+ 9 t ! sp>k-gaps are connect$ 9 multiple1 in/ead ( s]ies1 & ea* burn] is provid$ ) a small b effici5t cond5s]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4 ,x prev5ts tr\ble %\ld a wire break betwe5 burn]s1 9 :i* ev5t only "o burn] w\ld be out ( commission1 :]eas 9 ! fir/ me?od1 ! :ole numb] 9 t s]ies w\ld suff]4 ,x is also m sure 9 action & pres5ts less liability ( ! sp>k jump+ to ! gr\nd4 ,! burn] pill>s ne$ n be made ( porcela9 or lava2 9 fact1 ! electrodes c be readily atta*$ to ! exi/+ burn]4 ,fig4 #ch is a cond5s] consi/+ ( a small oval piece ( mica1 on ea* side ( :i* is fa/5$1 ) insulat+ v>ni%1 a spatula-%ap$ piece ( t9foil4 ,"o foil %eet is atta*$ to ! l9e1 ! o!r to ! burn] electrode4 ,^! cond5s]s mu/ n be all[$ to get wet or _! effici5cy w be impair$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4 ,figs4 #ci & #dj are ! mo/ g5]ally us$ burn]s1 ! wire f ! cond5s] be+ atta*$ to ! lug or top electrode1 :i* is insulat$ f ! burn] by means ( ! mica plate to :i* x is rivet$4 ,! burn] pill>s are ( c\rse gr\nd$ ?r\gh _! be+ screw$ into ! gas pipe4 ,! circuit is %[n 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,i is ! induction or ,ruhmkorff coil1 9 ! prim>y circuit ( :i* is ! key1 ,k1 controll+ ! curr5t f ! batt]y1 ,b1 & across :i* is bridg$ ! cond5s]1 ,c ,c4 ,:5 ! coil vibrator is us$1 ! cond5s] ,c ,c c be omitt$1 t ( ! coil itself s]v+ in/ead4 ,s is ! wire lead+ f ! second>y t]m9al ( ! coil to ! burn] cond5s]1 ,c1 :i*1 9 turn1 are connect$ to ! electrodes on ! burn]s1 ,p ,p1 z be=e not$4 ,! o!r second>y wire is gr\nd$ pref]ably to ! gas pipe itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4 ,:]e a lot ( burn]s are plac$ toge!r1 z 9 a r+1 x is (t5 feasible to light !m by contagion1 "o tip only be+ connect$ to ! coil circuit1 ! o!rs light+ f x & convey+ ! flame ar\nd to ! re/4 ,?is avoids multiplicity ( circuits1 or1 p]haps1 too _m burn] gaps on "o circuit2 b ! "o burn] may fail to light1 :]eas1 :]e all are fitt$1 ! *ances ( failure are less1 especially 9 ! ,edw>ds cond5s] sy/em4 ,,swit* ,,= ,,jump ,,sp>k-,,light+4 ,9 a swit* = controll+ ! curr5t ( ! second>y coil x w be evid5t t ! utmo/ att5tion mu/ be paid to matt]s ( insulation4 ,! object ( su* a swit* is to control a numb] ( circuits2 = example1 z x is n advisable to put m ?an #bj to #be burn]s on "o circuit1 a case requir+ ! light+ ( #ajj burn]s w\ld necessitate "s means ( pass+ ! curr5t to ea* circuit 9 turn4 ,?is is %[n 9 ,fig4 #db1 9 :i* ,s is a h>d rubb] plate1 provid$ ) a revolv+ metal arm & h&le1 ,h1 & f\r contact po9ts1 ,p1 :i* latt] receive ! ends ( ! wires f ! gr\ps ( burn] cond5s]s ,b by means ( nuts or b9d+ po/s4 ,! wire f ! second>y ( ! coil is run to ! swit*-h&le1 ,h1 great c>e be+ tak5 t x does n pass ne> to ! circuit wires1 or contact po9ts4 ,revolv+ ! swit*-h&le connects ! second>y wire to ea* circuit 9 turn4 ,x w be notic$ t1 unlike a batt]y swit*1 ?is "o has a l>ge base1 long swit*-arm1 contact po9ts situat$ f> ap>t1 & e precaution tak5 to control ! passage ( ! high-t5sion curr5t4 ,! base %\ld always be ( rubb] or glass4 ,%ellack$-wood1 or su* sub/itutes1 are productive ( tr\ble4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4 ,:5 x is desir$ to light automatically a numb] ( burn]s f a di/ance1 ! ,trail] 7,fig4 #dc71 is us$4 ,?is is a swit* simil> to above1 b ! arm is revolv$ by means ( too!d :eels by ! electro-magnet %[n on ! back4 ,z x is nev] desirable to unnecess>ily prolong ! second>y wires1 ?is device admits ( ! swit* be+ put ne> ! circuits1 & yet be+ op]at$ f af>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4 ,,ruhmkorff ,,coil4 ,fig4 #dd %[s a diagram ( a ,ruhmkorff coil1 ! lett]s ref]r+ z foll[s3 ,c ! iron core1 ,p ! prim>y coil wires1 ,i ! insulat+ tube betwe5 prim>y ,p & ! second>y coil ,s4 ,9 small coils ?is may be disp5s$ )1 & a heavy lay] ( p>aff9 wax laid ov] ! prim>y coil4 ,d ,d are ! ends ( ! second>y1 %[+ sp>k+ tak+ place betwe5 a pair ( balls 7or betwe5 ! electrodes ( a gas burn]72 ,r is a /iff spr+ fa/5$ to ! coil base & c>ry+ a s(t iron hamm]1 :i* is attract$ t[>d ! iron core1 ,c1 :5 curr5t passes ?r\gh ! prim>y coil & magnetizes x4 ,l is a batt]y1 ,j1 a cond5s]1 to be m fully describ$ lat] on4 ,:5 ! spr+ ,r t\*es ! adju/m5t screw ,a at ,b1 z !y are insulat$ f ea* o!r1 contact is made & ref]5ce to circuit w %[ t ! curr5t f batt]y ,l fl[s ?r\gh prim>y coil1 magnetiz+ ! core & attract+ s(t iron hamm] on ,r4 ,z ?is b5ds =w>d1 x breaks contact at ,b1 ! core loses its magnetism & ! spr+ flies back1 to aga9 make contact4 ,?is is repeat$ _m times p] second4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4 ,z a heavy sp>k occurs at ,b on ! break ( contact1 ! cond5s]1 ,j1 is atta*$ at ,m ,k4 ,?is is a s]ies ( insulat$ t9foil %eets1 :i* has ! prop]ty ( nullify+ ! sp>k at ,b1 & s prev5t+ ! wa/e ( plat9um ) :i* bo? adju/m5t screw ,a & spr+ ,r are equipp$4 ,a ,ruhmkorff coil diff]s f a simple prim>y coil 9 ?ree ma9 po9ts4 ,two sep>ate coils in/ead ( "o2 high insulation1 & a prim>y coil ( few turns4 ,9 ! simple coil we desir$ self-induction2 "h1 we desire to avoid x z mu* z possible4 ,! av]age size ,ruhmkorff coil1 = jump sp>k "w1 w\ld be "o giv+ a #b-;in* sp>k1 specifications = :i* are z foll[s3 ,spool--,n9e in*es long by "o in* 9 diamet]4 ,end *eeks #d in*es high by #c in*es wide4 ,core--,suffici5t s(t iron wires1 #i in*es long by ,no4 #bb ,b4 ,w4 gauge z w fill ! spool tube4 ,prim>y--,two lay]s ,no4 #ad ,b4 ,s4 gauge cotton-cov]$ copp] wire4 ,second>y--,two & "o-half p\nds ,no4 #cf ,b4 ,s4 gauge d\ble cotton or silk-cov]$ magnet wire w\nd 9 f\r sections 7or m ?an f\r sections1 if feasible74 ,cond5s]--,sev5ty %eets t9foil #d by #g-a_/b in*es2 #hj %eets cond5s] pap] #e by #h in*es4 ,,spool4 ,?is %\ld be made up ( a fibre tube #i in*es 9 l5g? by ab\t #a_/af in* ?ick1 & %\ld be firmly fix$ into ! spool ends4 ,if x be glu$ 9 x %\ld also be p9n$ z well2 x is easily possible to drive 9 a few screws pass+ ?r\gh ! tube into ! spool ends1 p>ticul>ly z ! s(t iron core1 be+ ( loose wires1 w adapt itself to ! slightly project+ screw-heads4 ,rememb] t ?is spool mu/ be made /rong2 if x comes ap>t dur+ ! w9d+ process1 mu* tr\ble w ensue1 & p]haps all ! wires lo/ or ru9$4 ,= reasons to be se5 lat]1 d n affix ! "r-h& spool end yet1 b h x ready4 ,! core consi/s ( z _m f9e iron wires1 say ( ,no4 #bb ,b4 ,w4 gauge1 z c be =c$ into ! tube1 b ! core c bett] be add$ aft] ! w9d+s are all 92 t is1 9 su* cases :]e a rigid spool tube is us$4 ,,prim>y ,,w9d+4 ,?is consi/s ( two lay]s ( ,no4 #ad ,b4 ,s4 gauge cotton 7or silk7 cov]$ copp] magnet wire1 & %\ld be ev5ly & tightly laid on4 ,= w9d+ coils1 a la! is a mo/ h&y ma*9e1 or ! spool c be m\nt$ on a sp9dle & rotat$ by h&4 ,x is n feasible "h to give all details ( coil-con/ruction2 ref]5ce %\ld be made to ! _m excell5t works on ! subject4 ,! two ends are br\ght out ?r\gh holes 9 ! spool ends1 z indicat$ = ! simple prim>y coil be=e describ$4 ,aft] w9d+1 ! wire is to be well ba/$ ) melt$ p>aff9 wax until x is saturat$1 any excess be+ scrap$ (f s z to leave a smoo? cyl9drical surface = ! second>y coil4 ,half a doz5 turns ( /\t pap] or oil$ silk is n[ to be w\nd on1 & en\gh p>aff9 wax add$ to leave an insulation at lea/ "o-qu>t] ( an in* ar\nd ! outside ( ! w9d+4 ,! "r-h& end ( spool1 :]e ! end 0 n atta*$1 w require a little c>e t ! wire does n run (f2 b1 z only two lay]s are to be w\nd1 x is an easy ?+ to d4 ,:5 ! prim>y coil is f9i%$ (f1 cut ?ree pieces ( h>d rubb] f\r in*es squ>e1 ) a c5tral hole j big en\gh t !y may be slipp$ on ov] ! prim>y coil to =m divisions into :i* ! second>y wire goes4 ,^! c be fix$ equal di/ances ap>t by means ( removable wood5 blocks1 :i* are tak5 (f z ea* section is w\nd4 ,,second>y ,,coil4 ,! second>y coil consi/s ( ab\t #b-a_/b p\nds ,no4 #cf ,b4 ,s4 gauge silk or cotton-cov]$ magnet wire1 w\nd ev5ly 9 lay]s 9 ! sections on ! prim>y coil4 ,be=e any wire goes into a section1 x mu/ be se5 t ! division fits tight to ! prim>y coil4 ,x w be be/ to p\r ar\nd ! coil "s melt$ p>aff9 wax s z to =m an insulat+ r+1 & prev5t any possibility ( ! sp>k creep+ "u ! section division into ! next4 ,! actual op]ation ( w9d+ pres5ts no difficulty o!r ?an ^? ( keep+ ! wire f damage & gett+ z ev5 lay]s z possible4 ,if ea* lay] is sep>at$ f its neighbor by a /rip ( p>aff9$ pap]1 x makes ev5 w9d+ easi]1 & bett] insulation4 ,z to ! insulat+ ( ! second>y coil1 x c be done 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,! coil c be soak$ 9 molt5 p>aff9 until saturat$1 or ! wire c be made to pass ?r\gh a di% ( molt5 p>aff9 :ile on its way f ! wire reel to ! coil4 ,9 ! latt] case ! wire mu/ be guid$ by means ( glass roll]s1 z ! wax w\ld h>d5 rapidly if t\*$ by ! f+]s4 ,9 connect+ up ! sections1 ! simil> ends are to be jo9$2 t is1 ! inside ends to inside ends1 & outside ends to outside ends1 z p] diagram 7,fig4 #de74 ,?is w br+ two outside ends free = atta*m5t to b9d+ po/s4 ,fig4 #df %[s direction ( w9d+ & connect+ ! two middle coils1 ,a ,c be+ ! inside lay]s next to prim>y & ,b ,d ! outside lay]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4 ,an outside coat ( p>aff9 wax is n[ giv5 to ! coil & a wrapp+ ( wax$ pap] laid on4 ,!n1 if desir$1 a cov] ( %eet-rubb] or a lay] ( clo? c be put on ov] all1 to f9i% ! job4 ,,base1 ,,key1 ,,& ,,cond5s]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4 ,! base = a ,ruhmkorff coil g5]ally resembles an oblong %all[ box4 ,! coil is m\nt$ on ! lid1 & ! cond5s] inside ! box1 ! connections be+ made on ! l[] side ( ! lid4 ,x is pref]able1 except = appe>ance' sake1 to make all connections outside ! box1 b ?is is left to ! work]'s *oice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4 ,! ,cond5s] is made up ( #gj %eets ( t9foil ea* ab\t #d in*es by #g-a_/b1 & #hj %eets ( clean :ite pap] #e by #h in*es plac$ alt]nately1 & saturat$ ) p>aff9 wax4 ,! t9foil %eets are laid s t ab\t #a_/b in* projects out ( ! pap] %eets at ea* end1 ! alt]nate %eets com+ out at ! same end1 & ! project+ pieces be+ b5t toge!r gives ! effect ( a pair ( t9foil %eets insulat$ f ea* o!r1 aggregat+ ! sum ( all ! small ones4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4 ,! coil c n[ be atta*$ to ! base by means ( screws pass+ ?r\gh ! lid into ! coil ends4 ,if a vibrat+ contact break] be desir$1 ref]5ce to ,fig4 #dd w %[ me?od ( connection4 ,fig4 #dg %[s details ( a contact break] ( simil> design4 ,r is hamm] head ( s(t iron1 ,s a spr+ ab\t ?ickness ( clock spr+ & #c_/h in* wide or m4 ,b is contact po9t1 bo? spr+ & adju/m5t screw ,a be+ fitt$ ) plat9um contacts4 ,c is a *eck nut1 to hold ,a f turn+4 ,i is an adju/m5t to tight5 or loos5 spr+ ,s1 by means ( a lug :i* x c>ries on its %aft4 ,x is well insulat$ f pill> c>ry+ ,a1 by ! h>d rubb] bu%+1 ,i4 ,! cond5s] is laid 9 ! box "u ! coil & atta*$ z 9 ,fig4 #dd2 t is1 "o set ( %eets to ! contact pill>1 & ! o!r set to ! adju/m5t screw4 ,= gas-light+ "w1 x is g5]ally pref]able to use a contact or /rap key 7,fig4 #dh71 in/ead ( a vibrator4 ,! key c be m\nt$ on coil base1 9 :i* case ! cond5s] w be atta*$ 9 same mann] z = ! vibrator4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,select ,,batt]ies ,,= ,,gas ,,light+4 ,be=e ent]+ into a description ( ! v>i\s batt]ies us$ 9 electric gas light+1 x w be well to briefly consid] a few simple electrical rules be>+ ^u ! subject4 ,a curr5t ( electricity has electromotive =ce1 or diff]5ce ( pot5tial figur$ 9 volts1 & curr5t figur$ 9 amp]es4 ,= example we w use ! wat] analogy 7,fig4 #di74 ,two tanks1 ,a ,b1 on ! same level1 are connect$ by a pipe ,c4 ,suppos+ tank ,a be fill$ ) wat] & ! pipe1 ,c1 to be op5$2 ! wat] w fl[ along ,c into ,b until ! level 9 ea* tank is equal4 ,s long z !re is a diff]5ce ( level1 !re w be a pressure 9 ,c1 ow+ to ! wat] beh9d x4 ,replac+ ! tanks ,a & ,b by unequally electrifi$ bodies1 & ! pipe ,c by a conductor ( electricity1 ! fl[ ( wat] is repres5t$ by ! t5d5cy ( ! electrifi$ bodies to equalize !mselves by a fl[ ( curr5t along ! conductor1 ,c4 ,to sum up3 ,! diff]5ce ( level is n[ diff]5ce ( pot5tial1 ! p\nds pressure along ! pipe be+ express$ z electromotive =ce 9 volts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4 ,! quantity ( wat] fl[+ along ! pipe is measur$1 z electricity1 9 amp]es4 ,z ! quantity ( wat] pass+ 9 a giv5 "t is regulat$ by ! size ( ! pipe & its own pressure1 s ! quantity ( electricity is also regulat$4 ,a conductor ( electricity (f]s resi/ance to ! fl[ ( curr5t accord+ to its sectional area & ! mat]ial ( :i* x is compos$1 ?is resi/ance be+ express$ 9 ohms4 ,! great] ! voltage & l[] ! resi/ance1 ! m curr5t4 ,?is law1 & its k9dr$ applications1 are express$ z foll[s3 ,c ,e_/,r4 ,c is curr5t 9 amp]es1 ,e electromotive =ce 9 volts1 & ,r resi/ance 9 ohms4 ,?us a wire ) a resi/ance ( #ej ohms w\ld pass #b amp]es ) an electromotive =ce ( #ajj volts4 ,to f9d resi/ance :5 o!r two factors are kn[n1 ! =mula is ,r ,e_/,c4 ,9 select+ a batt]y = "w1 reg>d mu/ be made to ! curr5t requir$1 & its p]iod ( fl[4 ,= en]giz+ a gas light+ prim>y coil1 ! curr5t mu/ be l>ge1 b is only requir$ occasionally1 ! batt]y /&+ idle = long p]iods4 ,9 ?is case ! class call$ op5 circuit cells are pref]able1 z !y conta9 no /rong acids & d n det]iorate to any ext5t :5 n 9 use4 ,( su* class is ! ,leclan*e-,samson1 ,mon>*1 c>bon cyl9d]1 & mo/ s-call$ dry cells4 ,z ! resi/ance 9 a conductor affects ! curr5t fl[1 s x does 9 a batt]y cell2 ! int]nal resi/ance ( a batt]y is det]m9$ by its size1 proximity ( ! elem5ts1 etc4 ,cells ) small z9cs & por\s cups are ( high int]nal resi/ance1 ^? ) l>ge %eet z9cs & big c>bon surfaces1 ( l[ int]nal resi/ance4 ,z ! prim>y coil us$ 9 gas light+ is nev] mu* ov] "o ohm1 a cell ( l[ int]nal resi/ance %\ld be select$4 ,b z ! wires lead+ to ! burn]s mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt1 a numb] ( cells %\ld be us$ to produce en\gh electromotive =ce to ov]come ! add$ resi/ance4 ,n[ batt]y cells c be arrang$ 9 a v>iety ( ways--9 s]ies = high] electromotive =ce1 & 9 multiple--= great] curr5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4 ,fig4 #ej repres5ts ! s]ies arrangem5t2 "h ! z9c ( "o cell is connect$ to ! c>bon ( ! next2 ?is adds ! electromotive =ces toge!r & ?us gives great] ability to ov]come resi/ance1 b x also adds toge!r ! resi/ance ( ea* cell4 ,?us #d cells1 ea* #b volts & ( "o-half ohm int]nal resi/ance1 w\ld1 9 s]ies1 h an ,e4 ,m4 ,f4 ( #h volts & an int]nal resi/ance ( #b ohms1 curr5t #d amp]es4 ,fig4 #ea %[s f\r cells 9 multiple1 ! z9c ( ea* cell & ! c>bons ( ea* cell are connect$4 ,"h ! result w\ld be b #b volts1 b ! int]nal resi/ance w\ld be only "o-qu>t]1 viz3 "o-eigh? ( an ohm1 curr5t #af amp]es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4 ,! readie/ rule = connect+ a batt]y is to arrange x accord+ to ! resi/ance ( ! l9e or outside wir+4 ,s z we w h to use h\se-wir+ f> exce$+ 9 l5g? t on ! coil1 & probably ( less diamet]4 ,!re=e ! s]ies arrangem5t w be ! "o to use1 & n less ?an f\r cells ( a l[-resi/ance batt]y4 ,,! ,,leclan*e4 ,?is batt]y consi/s ( a c>bon rod surr\nd$ by granul> p]oxide ( manganese =m+ ! positive pole & a piece ( z9c = ! negative pole1 bo? elem5ts be+ imm]s$ 9 a solution ( sal ammoniac 7*loride ( ammonia74 ,if a wire be run outside ! solution & connect+ ! c>bon & z9c1 a curr5t ( electricity fl[s along x4 ,! *emical action tak+ place is z foll[s3 ,! z9c comb9es ) ! *lor9e ( ! solution1 lib]at+ free hydrog5 & ammonia4 ,! hydrog5 appe>s at ! c>bon1 :]e x is act$ ^u by ! oxyg5 ( ! p]oxide ( manganese4 ,if too mu* curr5t is tak5 f ! cell1 t is1 if ! wire or circuit be ( too l[ resi/ance1 ! oxidiz+ action ( ! p]oxide is n rapid en\gh1 & a film ( hydrog51 :i* is a poor conductor1 =ms ov] ! c>bon & increases ! resi/ance ( ! batt]y--also sett+ up :at is t]m$ 8local action0 7actually1 a batt]y oppos+ a batt]y74 ,aft] a re/1 ! hydrog5 is absorb$1 b a cell r>ely rega9s its pri/9e activity aft] too sev]e dem&s ^u x4 ,! orig9al ,leclan*e batt]ies 7 import$ f ,france1 ! home ( ! inv5tor1 b ( rec5t ye>s !y are made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,engl& & ,g]many4 ,! mo/ important po9t to be consid]$ 9 a galvanic cell is ! purity ( its active p>ts4 ,! z9cs %\ld be z ne> *emically pure z c be obta9$2 ! p]oxide ( manganese ( ! be/ quality & p]fectly free f =eign sub/ances1 & ! sal ammoniac ! pure/ t c be manufactur$4 ,! actual diff]5ce 9 "w betwe5 a batt]y s con/ruct$1 & ! av]age *eap cell sold at a price to cat* ! unwise1 is trem5d\s4 ,& ?is diff]5ce is indicat$1 n only 9 "w1 b :5 ! batt]y is at re/4 ,local action 9 a *eap batt]y w exhau/ x ev5 :5 x is n 9 circuit1 :]eas a batt]y cell ( good mat]ial w rema9 9 good ord] = mon?s )\t m att5tion ?an ! addition ( wat] or sal ammoniac4 ,x has be5 (t5 rem>k$ t ! batt]ies made to-day are inf]ior to ^? made ye>s ago1 b x is only true ( ! *eap-pric$ cells2 if a good price is paid & att5tion giv5 to secur+ a well made cell1 ! output w be z satisfactory4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4 ,to set up a ,leclan*e cell1 proce$ z foll[s3 ,put six ounces ( sal ammoniac into ! glass j>2 fill ! j> "o-?ird full ( cle> wat] & /ir4 ,put 9 ! por\s cup & fill ! j> ) wat] up to its neck1 p\r+ a few teaspoonfuls ( wat] into ! hole 9 por\s cup4 ,:5 ! cell is 9 work+ condition1 ! level ( ! solution w be f\nd to h rec$$1 ow+ to absorption by ! por\s cup4 ,to prev5t ! creep+ ( sal ammoniac up ! neck ( j> & on to ! t]m9als ( ! cell1 a lay] ( p>aff9 is appli$ to neck ( j> & por\s cup4 ,%\ld ?is ne$ r5ew+1 vasel9e c be us$1 or any heavy grease1 c>e be+ tak5 t x does n get on electrodes or :]e ! wires are to be fa/5$4 ,:5 ! cell refuses to "w1 ?r[ out old solution1 wa% por\s cup1 j> & z9c 9 w>m wat]1 & replace ) new solution4 ,!re is a limit1 :5 a new por\s cup mu/ be us$1 b ?is c be done :5 cell does n "w aft] be+ treat$ z above4 ,! electromotive =ce ( ! ,leclan*e cell is ab\t #a4de1 & curr5t on %ort circuit ( ne>ly "o amp]e1 dep5d+ ( c\rse on ?ickness & porosity ( por\s cup1 size ( z9c1 & a few o!r po9ts4 ,,! ,,samson ,,cell4 ,fig4 #ec is "o ( ! ,leclan*e gr\p1 9 :i* a comp\nd c>bon elem5t displaces ! e>!nw>e por\s cup4 ,?is c>bon is compos$ ( two p>ts1 a holl[-flut$ l[] piece & a ?read$ top1 :i* c>ries ! b9d+ po/4 ,9 ! process ( manufacture1 ! top piece is heat$ r$-hot & plung$ into hot p>aff9 wax1 ?us ensur+ a complete diffusion ( ! p>aff9 ?r\gh\t ! c>bon4 ,9 ?is way ! creep+ ( salt or solution1 & consequ5t corrosion ( electrodes & failure ( cell1 are avoid$4 ,! l[] portion is mu* m por\s ?an ! upp] & is fill$ ) a comb9ation ( pea-c>bon & p]oxide ( manganese held 9 by a plug at ! bottom4 ,?is plug c be remov$ & new depol>iz] add$4 ,directions giv5 by ! manufactur]s = r5ew+ ?is elem5t are to hold ! l[] end ( ! c>bon ov] a burn] flame until ! plug is s(t5$ & c be remov$1 or to imm]se ! extreme l[] end ( ! c>bon 9 boil+ wat]4 ,aft] refill+1 a cork plug c be us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4 ,! ,e4 ,m4 ,f4 ( ! ,no4 #b size is f #a4dj to #a4dg volts1 & curr5t1 on %ort circuit1 ( #ab to #af amp]es4 ,! ,no4 #b ,special has same ,e4 ,m4 ,f41 b curr5t ( only #e amp]es1 be+ int5d$ :]e /rong curr5t is n requir$ b quick recup]ation4 ,x w be se5 t ?is cell is f> m suit$ to electric gas-light+ "w ?an ! simple ,leclan*e1 ow+ to its great curr5t deliv]y4 ,,! ,,dry ,,cell4 ,( s-call$ dry cells !re are numb]s on ! m>ket at s l[ a price t x does n pay to make "o's own4 ,b = ^? :o wi% to d s1 ! foll[+ =mula1 furni%$ by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,ro*e1 ( ,new ,/&>d batt]y fame1 w be f\nd excell5t3 ,"o p9t ,,cle> ,,wat]4 ,five ounces sal ammoniac4 ,six ounces z9c *loride4 ,dissolve ! sal ammoniac 9 ! wat] ?or\ghly4 ,let /& tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,!n add ! z9c *loride1 & :5 cool1 w be ready = use4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 y h y\r z9c cup ready1 p\r a little wax 9 ! bottom1 to insulate2 place a piece ( blott+-pap] inside cup & lay+ tight aga9/ ! z9c1 ab\t ?ree turns4 ,! negative elem5t is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,"o p\nd pure c>bon1 p[d]$2 "o p\nd black oxide manganese2 mix ?or\ghly4 ,!n add suffici5t ( above solution to hold x toge!r )\t be+ pla/ic1 z t w\ld be too wet to tamp4 ,moi/5 y\r pap] 9 ! z9c cup ?or\ghly4 ,place y\r /ick or plate ( c>bon 9 c5tre ( z9c cup1 hold x !re c5tral :ile y pack 9 ! c>bon manganese elem5t all ar\nd x2 be sure t c>bon manganese1 or negative elem5t1 does n t\* z9c cup4 ,if x does1 y\r cell w run d[n quickly4 ,x is a good precaution to h y\r pap] half an in* high] ?an cup :5 9 ! cup1 & soak$ ) ! solution4 ,give x a c\ple ( quick taps on ! b5*2 t w curl ! pap] 9 at ! bottom & insure aga9/ any int]nal %ort circuit4 ,:5 y\r cell is fill$ up1 clean all ! c>bon elem5t away f ! z9c4 ,seal1 & y\r batt]y is ready :5 y've got ! connections on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4 ,,! ,,new ,,/&>d ,,dry ,,cell4 ,! pr9cipal sizes ( ?is cell 7,fig4 #ed7 are z foll[s3 ,no4 #b--e-g_/h #b-g_/af4 ,no4 #c--c-c_/d #a-g_/h4 ,no4 #e--f #b-i_/af4 ,no4 #f--f #c4 ,no4 #g--g #c4 ,! electromotive =ce is #a4e volts1 curr5t ( ! ,no4 #g size on %ort circuit1 #bd amp]es4 ,nos4 #b1 #e1 #f1 or #g are mo/ suitable = electric gas light+1 ei!r by simple prim>y coil or jump sp>k coil4 ,,! ,,edison ,,lal&e ,,cell4 ,?is cell 7,fig4 #ee71 gives a l>ge1 /eady curr5t & is ( l[ int]nal resi/ance1 b its electromotive =ce is n high1 be+ less ?an 4#g volt on clos$ circuit4 ,its output ( curr5t v>ies ) ! size1 type ,s be+ 4#jbe ohm int]nal resi/ance & capacity ( #cjj amp]e-h\rs4 ,! ,edison ,lal&e cell c be appli$ to electric gas light+ 9 cases :]e a l>ge dem& is made ^u ! batt]y1 = example 9 *ur* or !atre light+4 ,its elem5ts consi/ ( positive plates ( amalgamat$ z9c susp5d$ on ea* side ( negative plates ( black oxide ( copp]4 ,! electrolyte is an aque\s solution ( cau/ic soda4 ,a lay] ( heavy p>aff9 oil is p\r$ on top ( ! solution to prev5t ! solution f evaporat+ & also to keep ! soda cry/als f creep+ up & ov] ! rim ( ! j>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4 ,to set up an ,edison ,lal&e cell1 fill ! j> up to ! br[n m>k ) cle> wat]2 p\r 9 ! soda f ! t9 box1 & /ir4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dissolv$1 p\r on top ( ! solution "o half-in* lay] ( ! oil :i* is s5t ) ! batt]y4 ,!n ! elem5ts atta*$ to ! cov] c be ins]t$1 & ! cell is ready = use4 ,use c>e n to spla% ! solution1 z x w burn ! clo?+ & sk94 ,if any does get on1 a little animal grease or vegetable oil w quickly saponify x4 ,9 ! action ( ?is cell ! oxide ( copp] is r$uc$ to metallic copp] & ! z9cs consum$1 x be+ int5d$ t ea* elem5t w require r5ewal at ! same "t4 ,^u pick+ into ! oxide plate ) a %>p-po9t$ in/rum5t1 if ! plate is r$ ?r\gh\t1 x is exhau/$2 b1 %\ld x %[ black 9 its int]ior1 x is /ill capable ( a little m use1 b is pref]able to use a new plate :5ev] !re is b little oxide left4 ,nev] remove ! oxide plates f ! batt]y1 & d n all[ ! solution to be less ?an "o in* above oxide plates4 ,,! ,,full]1 ,,or ,,bi*romate ,,cell4 ,al?\gh n (t5 necess>y 9 gas-light+ "w1 !re is at times a dem& = a heavy curr5t1 su* z 9 light+ a big build+1 :]e a l>ge coil mu/ be op]at$4 ,at su* times a bi*romate ( pota% cell becomes ( s]vice4 ,"o ( ! types is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ef4 ,j is a j> conta9+ electropoion fluid describ$ bel[4 ,c is a c>bon plate imm]s$ 9 ?is fluid4 ,p is a por\s cup hold+ ! z9c1 ,z1 & be+ fill$ ) a solution ( #ah p>ts common salt1 #gb p>ts wat]1 & "o ounce m]cury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4 ,! electropoion fluid = ! out] j> is made by "o p\nd bi*romate ( pota% or soda to "o gallon ( wat]1 mix+ 9 a /one vessel4 ,:5 dissolv$1 add ?ree p\nds comm]cial sulphuric acid c>efully1 a little at a "t1 & /ir ! mixture con/antly z x gets hot4 ,always add ! acid to ! mixture2 nev] attempt to p\r ! mixture into ! acid1 or tr\ble w result4 ,! sodium salt is pref]able to ! potassium1 ow+ to its great] solubility & its n =m+ *rome alum--a h>d precipitate :i* /icks to j>s1 elem5ts1 etc41 to _! detrim5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4 ,fig4 #eg1 a =m ( batt]y kn[n z ! ,gr5et batt]y1 is us$ :]e !re is no por\s cup4 ,! z9c elem5t1 ,z1 is m\nt$ on a rod ,r pass+ ?r\gh ! cap ,g ( a glass j>1 ,j1 & c be rais$ or l[]$ into ! electropoion fluid :i* ! j> conta9s4 ,?is is a good s*eme :]e ! batt]y is liable to /& idle = a long p]iod4 ,,c>e ,,( ,,op5 ,,circuit ,,batt]ies4 ,t]m9als4--,take c>e t ! solutions d n spla% ov] t]m9als2 keep all t]m9als & b9d+ po/ screws clean & bright4 ,see t all wires are tightly clamp$ 9 t]m9als1 also t _! ends are clean4 ,a loose contact is productive ( inf9ite tr\ble4 ,exam9e connections t elem5ts are 9 prop] relation to ea* o!r4 ,if 9 multiple1 to produce l>ge curr5t--z9cs toge!r & c>bons toge!r4 ,if 9 s]ies1 = high electromotive =ce--z9c to c>bon1 ?r\gh\t batt]y4 ,z9cs4--,see t ! z9cs are clean2 if cry/als =m1 ei!r r$uce /r5g? ( solution ) wat]1 or scrape z9cs clean1 & wat* if repeat$4 ,exam9e screw :i* holds wire2 x (t5 corrodes1 & makes poor contact 9 ! ?read4 ,a clev] device = pres]v+ a rod z9c f ! accumulation ( cry/als is made by ! manufactur]s ( ! ,samson cell4 ,x consi/s ( a ?9 pap] tube :i* is slipp$ ov] ! z9c4 ,:5 ! cry/als accumulate s z to impair ! cell1 ! tube is slipp$ (f & a new "o put on4 ,?is device increases ! int]nal resi/ance ( ! cell b v slightly4 ,por\s cups & c>bons4--,wa% 9 w>m wat]4 ,c>bons c be well soak$ 9 w>m wat] & dri$ 9 sun1 9 a place :]e !y w n accumulate du/4 ,por\s cups %\ld be well soak$ 9 w>m wat]1 & left to dra9 9 a place expos$ to du/less air4 ,exam9e b9d+ po/ holes & screws4 ,solutions4--,d n make too /rong4 ,use n m ?an six ounces1 or m ?an f\r ounces avoirdupois1 ( *emically pure sal ammoniac to "o cell ,leclan*e4 ,w>m wat] c be us$ = mak+ solutions1 if desir$4 ,"s p]sons drop a teaspoonful ( acetic acid 9 ! cell2 x is n recomm5d$4 ,if 9 a place :]e sal ammoniac _c be procur$1 use tempor>ily common table-salt 9 same proportion2 ?or\ghly well clean batt]y fir/4 ,batt]ies %\ld be kept 9 a cool dry place4 ,dry cells %\ld /& upright1 also 9 a cool place1 & an exam9ation made once 9 a :ile ( ! connections4 ,,index4 ,,page ,acetyl5e ,burn] #af ,arg& ,automatic ,burn] #bc ,arg& ,burn] #ad ,automatic ,burn] #ai ,batt]ies1 op5 circuit #b ,bo/on ,cut-,out #ea ,breaks1 to locate #cd ,burn]1 ,acetyl5e #af ,burn]1 ,arg& #ad ,burn]1 ,arg& ,automatic #bc ,burn]1 ,automatic #ai ,burn]1 ,b>?oldi #ba ,burn]s1 *oice ( #cj ,burn]1 ,conceal$ ,automatic #bd ,burn]s1 ,connect+ #bf ,burn]s1 ,di/ribution ( #cj ,burn]1 ,gasol5e #ah ,burn]1 ,p5dant #g ,burn]1 ,rat*et #aj ,burn]1 ,r+ #bc ,burn]1 ,/em #ac ,burn]1 ,smi? #ef ,burn]1 ,vibrator #bc ,burn]1 ,welsba* #ae ,*oice ( ,burn]s #cj ,clockwork ,cut-,out #eb ,coil1 ,prim>y #e1 #df ,coil1 ,ruhmkorff #f ,coil1 ,second>y #e ,connections ( ,burn]s #bf ,connections to gr\nd #ch ,contact ,break] #ge ,cut-,out1 ,bo/on #ea ,cut-,out1 ,bulb #ed ,cut-,out1 ,clockwork #eb ,cut-,out1 ,syracuse #ej ,dang] ( ,burn]s #cj ,defects 9 ,burn]s #bi ,diagram ( ,wir+ #ca ,door-,trip #dc ,edw>ds' ,burn] #fa ,edw>ds' ,cond5s] #fj ,edw>ds' ,sy/em #fb ,f9i%$ h\ses1 wir+ ( #ch ,fixtures1 wir+ ( #dj ,frontispiece #ca ,full] ,batt]y #id ,galvanomet] #c ,gasol5e ,burn] #ah ,gas-fixture wire #cg ,gr5et ,batt]y #ie ,gr\nd connections #ch ,hall1 ,burn]s = #cj ,induc$ ,curr5t #c ,induction1 ,action ( #c ,insulator #ei ,jump ,sp>k ,sy/em #ee ,key ,/rap #gf ,lal&e ,batt]y #ib ,leclan*e ,batt]y #hc ,multiple1 ,batt]ies 9 #hb ,negative pole #b ,op5 circuit batt]ies #b ,p5dant ,burn] #g1 #i ,positive pole #b ,prim>y ,coils #df ,pu% ,button1 to wire #db ,rat*et ,burn] #aj ,r+ ,burn] #bc1 #fc ,ruhmkorff ,coil #f1 #fg ,samson ,batt]y #hg ,second>y ,coil #e ,section ,swit* #cc ,s]ies me?od #eg ,s]ies1 ,batt]ies 9 #hb ,%ellac v>ni% #ch ,smi? ,burn] #ee ,sp>ks1 to produce #a ,spool #gj ,/&>d ,batt]y #ij ,/em ,burn] #ac ,swit*1 ,automatic #ff ,swit*1 high t5sion #fd ,swit*1 ,section #cc ,syracuse ,cut-,out #ej ,sy/em1 ,edw>ds' #fb ,trail] #ff ,v>ni% ,%ellac #ch ,vibrator ,burn] #bc ,welsba* ,burn] #ae ,wim%ur/ ,ma*9e #a ,w9d+ ,coil #gd ,wire = g5]al use #cf ,wire1 gas-fixture #cg ,wire1 (fice #cf ,wire1 ,ruhmkorff ,coil #gj ,wir+ f9i%$ h\ses #ch ,wir+ ( ,fixtures #dj ,wir+ ( ,pu% ,button #db 99 99 99 99 99 ,new ,/&>d ,dry ,batt]y ,all sizes = all sy/ems ( ,bells1 ,telephones1 ,burgl> ,al>ms & ,gas ,light+4 ,prices accord+ to size & quantity4 ,new ,/&>d 8,autogas0 ,dry ,batt]y ,= v heavy "w4 ,gas ,mobiles1 ,lights1 etc4 ,no4 #b set1 weight #bg lbs41 neat oak case1 #f4jj p] set4 ,new ,/&>d ,jump ,sp>k ,rhumkorff ,coils1 #ab4jj ea*4 ,new ,/&>d ,fla%light4 ,= use ar\nd ,gasol5e ,eng9es1 ,automobiles1 ,laun*es1 ,clo!s ,closets1 etc4 #b4jj ea*4 ,?is light w positively give equal to fifte5 h\rs actual s]vice4 ,a #e4jj article = #b4jj4 ,complete catalogue = ! ask+4 ,william ,ro*e1 ,inv5tor & ,m'f'r1 #db ,vesey ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,city ,deal] 9 ,batt]y ,mat]ials1 ,*emicals1 ,etc4 ,h a ,look ,into our ,/ore :5 9 ne$ ( any?+ 9 ! ,electrical l9e ( :atev] nature4 ,we deal 9 ev]y?+ & c>ry a good /ock4 ,,catalogue ,,on ,electric ,light ,goods1 ,bells1 & ,electric ,h\se ,goods1 ,swit*bo>ds1 c4 ,telephones & ,supplies4 ,j4 ,,jones ,,son1 #fd ,cortl&t ,/41 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,jump ,,sp>k ,,coils ,x-,ray ,coils4 ,prim>y ,coils4 ,m$ical ,coils4 ,telephone ,coils4 ,c4 ,f4 ,,splitdorf1 #ag-bg ,v&ewat] ,/41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,am]ican ,,books4 ,all51 ,c4 ,f4 ,railroad ,curves & ,e>?work4 ,a pocketbook = ,surveyors & ,eng9e]s4 ,limp lea!r1 #b4jj4 ,cordeiro1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,j4 ,b4 ,! ,b>ometrical ,det]m9ation ( ,heights1 ,levell+ & ,hypssometry4 ,limp lea!r1 #a4jj4 ,gold+ham1 ,a4 ,h4 ,! ,design & ,con/ruction ( ,oil ,eng9es1 ) full ,in/ructions = _! ,erect+1 ,te/+1 ,runn+ & ,repair+4 #abmo1 clo?1 #b4jj4 ,k9ealy1 ,j4 ,h4 ,an ,elem5t>y ,text-,book on ,/eam ,eng9es & ,boil]s4 ,?ird edition1 clo? #b4jj4 ,k9ealy1 ,j4 ,h4 ,/eam ,heat+ ,*>ts = ! use ( ,ar*itects & ,build]s 9 ,e/imat+ ! ,necess>y ,heat ,requir$ = ,build+s4 #a4jj4 ,r$wood1 ,i4 ,i4 ,lubricants1 ,oils & ,greases4 ,clo?1 #a4ej4 ,we ,mail ,all ,books ,po/paid on ,receipt ( ,price4 ,,address3 ,,spon ,,*amb]la91 #ab ,cortl&t ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,,small ,,accumulators ,h[ ,made & ,us$ ,a ,practical ,h&book = ,/ud5ts & ,"y ,electricians ,,edit$ ,,by ,,p]cival ,,m>%all1 ,a4,i4,m4,e4 ,cont5ts ( ,*apt]s ,i4--,! ,!ory ( ! ,accumulator4 ,,ii4--,h[ to make a #d-,volt ,pocket ,accumulator4 ,,iii4--,h[ to make a #cb-;,amp]e-,h\r ,accumulator4 ,,iv4--,types ( ,small ,accumulators4 ,v4--,h[ to ,*>ge & ,use ,accumulators4 ,,vi4--,applications ( ,small ,accumulators1 ,electrical ,novelties1 etc4 ,useful ,receipts4 ,gloss>y ( ,te*nical ,t]ms4 #hj pages1 #dj illu/rations1 #abmo1 clo?1 #ej;c4 ,,! ,,magneto-,,telephone ,,its ,,con/ruction1 ,fitt+ ,up & ,adaptability to ,e-,day ,use ,,by ,,norman ,,hughes ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt]s ,"s electrical consid]ations3 ,i4--,introductory4 ,,ii4--,con/ruction4 ,,iii4--,l9es1 ,indoor ,l9es4 ,,iv4--,signall+ ,app>atus4 ,v4--,batt]ies4 ,op5 ,circuit ,batt]ies4 ,clos$ ,circuit ,batt]ies4 ,,vi4--,practical ,op]ations4 ,circuit ) ,magneto ,bells & ,lightn+ ,arre/]s4 ,h[ to ,te/ ! ,l9e4 ,pu%-,button ,magneto ,circuit4 ,two ,/ations ) ,batt]y ,bells4 ,,vii4--,batt]y ,telephone4 ,batt]y ,telephone ,circuit4 ,?ree ,in/rum5ts on "o ,l9e4 ,,viii4--,g5]al rem>ks4 ,index4 #hj pages1 #bc illu/rations1 #abmo1 clo?1 #a4jj4 ,9 pap]1 #ej;c4 ,,ev]ybody',s ,,book ,,on ,,electricity ,,practical ,,electrics ,a ,,univ]sal ,,h&y-,,book ,,on ,,ev]yday ,,electrical ,,matt]s ,,fif? ,,edition ,,cont5ts3 ,al>ms4--,doors & ,w9d[s2 ,ci/]ns2 ,l[ ,wat] 9 ,boil]s2 ,"t ,signals2 ,clocks4 ,batt]ies4--,mak+2 ,cells2 ,bi*romate2 ,buns52 ,callan's2 ,copp]-oxide2 ,cruik%ank's2 ,daniel's2 ,granule c>bon2 ,groves2 ,insulite2 ,leclan*2 ,lime ,*romate2 ,silv] ,*loride2 ,smee2 ,!rmo-electric4 ,bells4--,annunciator ,sy/em2 ,d\ble ,sy/em2 & ,telephone2 ,mak+2 ,magnet =2 ,bobb9s or ,coils2 ,trembl+2 ,s+le ,/roke2 ,cont9u\s ,r++4 ,connections4 ,c>bons4 ,coils4--,induction2 ,prim>y2 ,second>y2 ,contact-break]s2 ,resi/ance4 ,int5sity ,coils4--,reel2 ,prim>y2 ,second>y2 ,core2 ,contact-break]2 ,cond5s]2 ,p$e/al2 ,commutator2 ,connections4 ,dynamo-electric ,ma*9es4--,field-,magnets2 ,pole-pieces2 ,field-magnet ,coils2 ,armature ,cores & ,coils2 ,commutator ,collectors & ,bru%es2 ,relation ( size to effici5cy2 ,me?ods ( excit+ ,field-,magnets2 ,magneto-,dynamos2 ,sep>ately excit$ ,dynamos2 ,%unt ,dynamos2 ,field-,magnets2 ,armatures2 ,collectors2 ,bru% ,dynamo2 ,alt]nate ,curr5ts4 ,fire ,risks4--,wires2 ,lamps2 ,dang] to p]sons4 ,measur+4--,non-,regi/]+ ,in/rum5ts2 ,regi/]+ ,in/rum5ts4 ,microphones4 ,motors4 ,phonographs4 ,photophones4 ,/orage4 ,telephones4--,=ms2 ,circuits & ,calls2 ,transmitt] & ,swit*2 ,swit* = ,simplex2 etc41 etc4 #ace ,,pages4 #abf ,,illu/rations4 #h,,vo4 ,clo?1 #ge c5ts ,,sample ,,copies ,,mail$ ,,to ,,any ,,address ,,on ,,receipt ,,( #h ,,c5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,model ,,eng9e] ,,amateur ,,electrician ,a ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,me*anics ,,& ,,electricity ,,= ,,amateurs ,,& ,,/ud5ts ,,edit$ ,,by ,,p]cival ,,m>%all ,,its ,,good ,,po9ts4 ,bett] ?an any pap] ( its k9d ev] publi%$4 ,! articles are orig9al & practical4 ,! articles are s cle>ly & simply writt5 & ev]y?+ made s pla9 t x w be f\nd easy to foll[ ! directions & duplicate ! articles describ$4 ,special articles on ,model eng9es & boil]s = ya*ts1 torp$o-boats & w>-%ips4 ,design+ & build+ ( model ya*ts & boats4 ,mak+ small tools = model "w4 ,! build+ ( small gas eng9es4 ,build+ screw-cutt+ & turn+ la!s4 ,build+ all k9ds ( model /ation>y & locomotive /eam eng9es & boil]s4 ,model eng9e]s & _! "w4 ,build+ ( all k9ds ( electrical ma*9es1 app>atus1 coils1 batt]ies1 telephones1 microphones1 phonographs1 novelties4 ,! articles are fully illu/rat$1 pr9cipally ) detail draw+s to scale4 ,new ,books1 ,notes & ,qu]ies1 ,work%op ,notes & ,h9ts1 ,tools & ,supplies1 etc4 ,,annual ,,subscription1 #a4ej ,,po/paid ,s5d 9 y\r subscription & get y\r fri5ds to subscribe4 ,unus$ po/age /amps w be accept$ 7n rev5ue47 ,address all communications to ,,spon ,,*amb]la91 #ab ,cortl&t ,/reet1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,induction ,,coils --,,&-- ,,coil ,,mak+4 ,con/ruction1 ,op]ation & ,application4 ,by ,h4 ,s4 ,,norrie4 ,second edition1 ?or\ghly revis$ & greatly enl>g$1 & includ+ #be new illu/rations4 ,a good deal ( ! new matt] is devot$ to ,m$ical ,coils1 ,ba? ,coils1 ,gas ,eng9e & ,sp>k ,coils1 ,contact ,break]s1 ,batt]ies1 ,x-,ray ,"w1 ,electric ,gas ,light+1 & a *apt] on ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt]s4 #a4 ,coil con/ruction1 full directions1 sizes ( wires1 c41 c4 #b4 ,con/ruction ( diff]5t =ms ( contact break]s4 #c4 ,insulat+ mat]ials1 cem5ts1 c4 #d4 ,con/ruction ( v>i\s k9ds ( cond5s]s4 #e4 ,exp]im5ts4 #f4 ,spectrum analysis4 #g4 ,curr5ts 9 vacuo4 #h4 ,rotat+ effects4 #i4 ,! application ( coils to gas light+4 #aj4 ,batt]ies = coils4 #aa4 ,second>y ,batt]ies4 #ab4 ,tesla & ,h]tz effects4 #ac4 ,x-,rays & radiography4 #ad4 ,wireless telegraphy4 ,cont5ts4 ,index4 #bij pages1 #gi ,illus4 #e #f-a_/b 94 ,,clo?1 #a4jj ,manual ( ,in/ruction 9 ,h>d ,sold]+ ,,) ,,an ,,app5dix ,,on ,,! ,repair ( ,bicycle ,frames ,notes on ,alloys & a ,*apt] on ,s(t ,sold]+ ,,by ,,h>vey ,,r[ell ,! flame1 lamp1 *>coal1 mats1 bl[-pipes1 wa%-bottle1 b9d+ wire1 *emicals1 borax1 spelt]1 silv] sold]1 gold sold]1 oxidation ( metals1 fluxes1 anti-oxidis]s1 oxidation ( cases1 ! cone1 oxidis+ flame1 r$uc+ flame1 heat transmission1 conduction1 capacity ( metals1 radiation1 application1 ! "w table1 ! jo9t1 apply+ sold]1 apply+ heat1 ! use ( ! bl[-pipe1 jo9ts1 mak+ a f]rule1 to repair a spoon1 to repair a wat* case1 h>d sold]+ ) a =ge or he>?1 h>d sold]+ ) tongs1 pres]v+ ?9 edges1 silv]smi?'s pickle1 re/or+ color to gold1 *romic acid1 to m5d /eel spr+s1 sweat+ metals toge!r1 reta9+ "w 9 position1 mak+ jo9ts1 apply+ heat1 prev5t+ ! loss ( heat1 effect ( sulphur lead & z9c1 to pres]ve preci\s /ones1 anneal+ & h>d5+1 burnt iron1 to h>d sold] aft] s(t sold]4 ,tables (--specific gravity1 t5acity1 fusibility1 alloys4 #ff pages1 illu/rat$1 clo?1 #ge c5ts4 ,= ,sold]+ ,receipts1 ,cem5ts & ,lutes1 ,pa/es1 ,glues & su* l1 see ,,work%op ,,receipts4 ,,new ,,edition 8,,de ,,luxe0 ,,on ,,heavy ,,plate ,,pap] ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sy/em ,,( ,,easy ,,lett]+ ,,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,cromwell4 ,,its ,,good ,,po9ts4 ,v easy to le>n4 ,a rapid me?od to become a good lett]] ) a little practice4 ,v easy to lay out a l9e ( words 9 ,,/rict ,,proportion1 :e!r x be on a f5ce #ejj y>ds long or on a draw+ only a few in*es across4 ,good = draughtsm5 :o pref] neat lett]+1 yet some?+ out ( ! ord9>y4 ,x conta9s #bf pages ( alphabets ^: modifications are almo/ limitless4 ,"o ( ! *eape/ 9 ! m>ket4 ,?is little book w be appreciat$ by draughtsm5 :o wi% to use pla9 lett]s 7& yet some:at diff]5t f ! ord9>y run ( lett]s7 = ! titles on draw+s4 ,! book w also be valuable & useful to any "o :o has _h no practice 9 lett]+1 z ! easy me?od giv5 = =m+ ! lett]s w enable a p]son to =m ! lett]s correctly1 & ) a little practice to d s quickly4--,am]ican ,ma*9i/4 ,oblong1 #hvo1 clo?1 #ej c5ts ,work%op ,receipts4 ,,! ,,mo/ ,,complete ,te*nical ,cyclop$ia 9 #e ,vols4 ,fir/ ,s]ies4 ,pr9cipal ,cont5ts4--,bronzes1 ,cem5ts1 ,dye+1 ,electro-metallurgy1 ,enamels1 ,et*+s1 ,fireworks1 ,fluxes1 ,fulm9ates1 ,gild+1 ,gums1 ,japann+1 ,lacqu]s1 ,m>ble ,work+1 ,nitro-,glyc]9e1 ,photography1 ,pott]y1 ,v>ni%es1 #dbj pages1 #ajc illus41 clo?1 #b4jj4 ,second ,s]ies4 ,pr9cipal ,cont5ts4--,acidimetry1 ,album5 ,alcohol1 ,alkaloids1 ,bitt]s1 ,blea*+1 ,boil] ,incru/ations1 ,cleans+1 ,confection]y1 ,copy+1 ,dis9fectants1 ,ess5ces1 ,extracts1 ,fire-pro(+1 ,glyc]9e1 ,gut1 ,iod9e1 ,ivory ,sub/itutes1 ,lea!r ,mat*es ,pigm5ts1 ,pa9t1 ,pap]1 ,p>*m5t4 #dhe pages1 #af illus41 clo?1 #b4jj4 ,?ird ,s]ies4 ,pr9cipal ,cont5ts4--,alloys1 ,alum9ium1 ,antimony1 ,copp]1 ,electrics1 ,enamels1 ,glass1 ,gold1 ,iron1 ,/eel1 ,liquors ,lead1 ,lubricants1 ,magnesium1 ,manganese1 ,m]cury1 ,mica1 ,nickel1 ,plat9um1 ,silv]1 ,slag1 ,t91 ,uranium1 ,z9c4 #dhj pages1 #ahc illus41 clo?1 #b4jj4 ,f\r? ,s]ies4 ,pr9cipal ,cont5ts4--,wat]pro(+1 ,pack+1 ,/[+1 ,embalm+1 ,pres]v+1 ,lea!r ,poli%es1 ,cool+ ,air & ,wat]1 ,pumps & ,siphons1 ,dessicat+1 ,di/ill+1 ,emulsify+1 ,evaporat+1 ,filt]+1 ,p]colat+1 ,mac]at+1 ,electrotyp+1 ,/]eotyp+1 ,book-b9d+1 ,/raw-plait+1 ,musical ,in/rum5ts1 ,clock & ,wat* ,m5d+1 ,photography #ddc pages1 #bdc illus41 clo?4 #b4jj4 ,fif? ,s]ies4 ,pr9cipal ,cont5ts4--,diamond ,cutt+1 ,laboratory ,app>atus1 ,filt]+1 ,magic ,lant]ns ,metal ,"w1 ,p]colation1 ,illum9at+ ,ag5ts1 ,tobacco ,pipes1 ,taps1 ,ty+ & ,splic+ ,tackle1 ,repair+ ,books1 ,nett+1 ,walk+ ,/icks1 ,boat-,build+4 #ddj pages1 #cgc illus41 clo?1 #b4jj4 ,,ea* ,,s]ies has its own ,cont5ts & ,index & is complete 9 itself4 ,! ,be/ & ,*eape/ 9 ! ,m>ket ,,algebra ,,self-,,taught ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,me*anics1 ,"y ,eng9e]s & ,home ,/ud5ts ,,by ,w4 ,,paget ,,higgs1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,sc4 ,,f\r? ,,edition ,,cont5ts ,symbols & ! signs ( op]ation4 ,! equation & ! unkn[n quantity4 ,positive & negative quantities4 ,multiplication1 involution1 expon5ts1 negative expon5ts1 roots1 & ! use ( expon5ts z log>i?ms4 ,log>i?ms4 ,tables ( log>i?ms & proportional p>ts4 ,transportation ( sy/ems ( log>i?ms4 ,common uses ( common log>i?ms4 ,comp\nd multiplication & ! b9omial !orem4 ,division1 fractions & ratio4 ,rules = division4 ,rules = fractions4 ,cont9u$ proportion1 ! s]ies & ! summation ( ! s]ies4 ,examples4 ,geometrical means4 ,limit ( s]ies4 ,equations4 ,app5dix4 ,index4 #ajd pages1 #abmo1 clo?1 #fj;c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,see also ,algebraic ,signs1 ,spons' ,diction>y ( ,eng9e]+1 ,no4 #b4 #dj cts4 ,see also ,calculus1 ,supplem5t to ,spons' ,diction>y1 ,no4 #e4 #ge cts4 ,,cross ,,section ,,pap]4 ,,! ,,h&y ,,sket*+ ,,pad4 ,pr9t$ on "o side1 9 blue ink1 all ! l9es be+ ( equal ?ickness1 ) useful tables4 ,size #h #aj in*es4 ,price1 #be;c4 ea*4 ,p] doz5 pads1 #b4ej4 ,,! ,,h&y ,,sket*+ ,,book4 ,made f ?is pap] b pr9t$ on bo? 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,cov]2 ,price1 #a4jj4 ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,introductory & ,hi/orical2 ,/eam ,jacket+4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,indicator ,c>ds4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,indicator ,c>ds cont9u$2 ! ,gov]nor4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,valve ,ge> & ,ecc5tric2 ,valve ,sett+4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,valve ,sett+ cont9u$1 ) diagrams ( same2 ,table = laps ( ,/eam ,valve4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,valve ,sett+ cont9u$4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,lubrication ) diagrams = same4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,discussion ( ! ,air ,pump & its ,managem5t4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,c>e ( ,ma9 ,driv+ ,ge>s2 be/ ,lubricator = same4 ,,*apt] ,x4--,heat+ ( ,mills by ,exhau/ ,/eam4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,eng9e ,f\ndations2 diagrams & templets = same4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,f\ndations cont9u$2 ,mat]ials = same1 etc4 ,?ird ,edition1 ) an ,app5dix4 ,,! ,,slide ,,valve ,,simply ,,expla9$ ,,by ,w4 ,j4 ,,t5nant1 ,,asso4 ,m4,i4,m4,e4 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,mu* ,,enl>g$ ,,by ,j4 ,h4 ,,k9ealy1 ,d4,e4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,*apt]s3 ,i4 ,! ,simple ,slide4 ,,ii4 ,! ,ecc5tric a ,crank4 ,special ,model to ,give ,quantitative ,results4 ,,iii4 ,advance ( ! ,ecc5tric4 ,,iv4 ,dead ,c5tre4 ,ord] ( ,cranks4 ,cu%ion+ & ,lead4 ,v4 ,expansion--,inside & ,outside ,lap & ,lead2 ,advance ,affect$ ,!reby4 ,compression4 ,,vi4 ,d\ble-,port$ & ,pi/on ,valves4 ,,vii4 ,! ,effect ( ,alt]ations to ,valve & ,ecc5tric4 ,,viii4 ,note on ,l9k ,motions4 ,,ix4 ,note on ,v ,e>ly ,cut-,(f1 & on ,rev]s+ ,ge>s 9 ,g5]al4 #hh ,pages4 #da ,illu/rations4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a4jj4 ,,quick ,,& ,,easy ,,me?ods ,,( ,,calculat+ ,,) ,,! ,,slide ,,rule ,a ,,simple ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,!ory ,,& ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,slide ,,rule1 ,,log>i?ms1 ,,etc4 ,) num]\s examples work$ out4 ,,by ,r4 ,g4 ,,bla9e1 ,m4,e4 ,a mo/ reliable1 practical & valuable "w = ! eng9e]4 #add ,pages4 ,illu/rat$4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a4jj ,,!oretical ,,& ,,practical ,ammonia ,refrig]ation ,a ,"w ( ,ref]5ce = ,eng9e]s & o!rs ,employ$ 9 ! ,managem5t ( ,ice & ,refrig]ation ,ma*9]y4 ,by ,,iltyd ,i4 ,,r$wood ,,cont5ts ,b4 ,t4 ,u4 ,me*anical ,equival5t ( a ,unit ( ,heat4 ,specific ,heat4 ,lat5t ,heat4 ,!ory ( ,refrig]ation4 ,freez+1 by ,compress$ ,air4 ,ammonia4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ,ammonia4 ,! ,compressor4 ,/uff+-,boxes4 ,lubrication4 ,suction & ,dis*>ge ,valves4 ,sep>ator4 ,cond5s]-,worm1 ,receiv]4 ,refrig]ator or ,br9e ,tank4 ,size ( ,pipe & ,area ( ,cool+ ,surface4 ,*>g+ ! ,plant ) ,ammonia4 ,jacket-,wat]1 = ,compressor1 = ,sep>ator4 ,quantity ( ,cond5s+ ,wat] ,necess>y4 ,loss due to ,heat+ ( ,cond5s$ ,ammonia4 ,cause ( ,v>iation 9 ,excess ,pressure4 ,use ( ,cond5s+ ,pressure 9 ,det]m9+ ,loss ( ,ammonia by ,leakage4 ,cool+ ,directly by ,ammonia4 ,freez+ ,po9t ( ,br9e4 ,mak+ ,br9e4 ,specific ,heat ( ,br9e4 ,regulation ( ,br9e ,temp]ature4 ,indirect ,effect ( ,cond5s+ ,wat] on ,br9e ,temp]ature4 ,directions = ,det]m9+ ,refrig]at+ ,effici5cy4 ,equival5t ( a ,ton ( ,ice4 ,compressor ,measurem5t ( ,ammonia ,circulat$4 ,loss ( ,well-,jacket$ ,compressors4 ,loss 9 ,d\ble-,act+ ,compressors4 ,di/ribution ( ,m]cury ,wells4 ,exam9ation ( ,work+ ,p>ts4 ,indicator ,diagrams4 ,ammonia ,figures--,effectual ,displacem5t4 ,volume ( ,gas4 ,ammonia ,circulat$ p] ,tw5ty-,f\r ,h\rs4 ,refrig]at+ ,effici5cy4 ,br9e ,figures--,gallons ,circulat$4 ,p\nds ,circulat$4 ,degrees ,cool$4 ,total ,degrees ,extract$4 ,loss due to ,heat+ ( ,ammonia ,gas4 ,loss due to ,heat+ ( ,liquid ,ammonia4 ,calculation ( ! ,maximum ,capacity ( a ,ma*9e4 ,prep>ation ( ,anhydr\s ,ammonia4 ,con/ruction ( ,app>atus1 etc41 etc4 #aej pages1 #ae illu/rations1 clo?1 #a4jj4 ,,spons' #b4ej ,,me*anic',s ,,own ,,book1 ,a ,,practical ,,manual4 ,,pr9cipal ,,cont5ts4 ,me*anical ,draw+4 7#ac pages74 ,ca/+ & ,f\nd+4 7#ca pages74 ,=g+ & ,f9i%+4 7#ef pages47 ,sold]+4 7#bf pages74 ,%eet-,metal ,work+4 7#aj pages74 ,c>p5try1 ,woods1 ,tools1 etc4 7#bbd pages74 ,cab9et ,mak+4 7#cf pages74 ,c>v+ & ,fretwork4 7#ac pages74 ,uphol/]y4 7#f pages74 ,pa9t+1 ,gra9+ & ,m>bl+4 7#bh pages74 ,/a9+1 & ,gild+4 7#af pages74 ,poli%+1 ,v>ni%+4 7#bf pages74 ,me*anical ,movem5ts4 7#ef pages74 ,turn+ & ,la! "w4 7#cj pages74 ,masonry1 ,/onework1 ,brickwork1 ,concrete1 etc4 7#de pages74 ,pla/]+1 ,:itewa%+1 ,pap]hang+4 7#ac pages7 ,ro(+1 ,glaz+4 7#ad pages74 ,bell hang+1 ,gas fitt+4 7#h pages74 ,light+1 ,v5tilation1 ,w>m+4 7#ba pages74 ,f\ndations1 ,roads & ,bridges1 ,banks1 ,h$ges1 ,dit*es & ,dra9s1 ,wat] ,supply & ,sanitation4 ,h\se ,con/ruction1 etc4 ,size ( book #f-c_/d 94 by #h-c_/d4 #gjb pages1 half extra gilt & #adbj illu/rations4