,,transcrib]',s ,,note3 ,! au?or (t5 uses ! ,s\? ,asian numb]+ sy/em :]e1 besides ! ?ree lea/ significant digits ( ! integ] "p1 a comma divides e two r ?an e ?ree digits 7= example #aj1jj1jjj in/ead ( #a1jjj1jjj74 ,italic text has be5 m>k$ ) und]scores4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation & spell+ h n be5 correct$4 ,a li/ ( corrections to ! text c be f\nd at ! end ( ! docum5t4 ,,! ,,:eel ,,( ,,=tune ,fre$om's ,battle ,sw>aj 9 ,"o ,ye> ,indian ,home ,rule ,mahatma ,g&hi ,8 ,life writ+s & spee*es ,=eword by ,mrs4 ,s>oj9i ,naidu #crd ,edition4 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,,! ,,:eel ,,( ,,=tune ,,by ,,mahatma ,,g&hi ,appreciation by ,,dwij5drana? ,,tagore ,,madras ,,gane% ,,co4 #aibb ,,! ,,cambridge ,,press1 ,,madras4 ,,cont5ts ,page4 ,dawn ( a ,new ,era ix ,,swade%i ,non-,co-op]ation ,programme #a ,khilafat & ,swade%i #e ,! ,secret ( ,sw>aj #h ,swade%i #af ,swade%i 9 ! ,punjab #bf ,swade%i ,/ores #ca ,indian ,economics #cd ,h[ to ,boycott ,=eign ,clo? #dd ,,sp9n+ ,! ,music ( ! ,sp9n+ ,:eel #ec ,h&looms or ,p[]mills8 #eh ,h&-sp9n+ & ,h&-weav+ #fd ,h&-sp9n+ aga9 #ga ,a ,plea = ,sp9n+ #gf ,! ,duty ( ,sp9n+ #hj ,! ,duty ( ,sp9n+ #hc ,! ,doctr9e ( ,*>ka #he ,! ,message ( ! ,*>ka #hg ,! ,*>ka 9 ! ,gita #ic ,sp9n+ z ,fam9e ,relief #ig ,! ,pot5cy ( ! ,sp9n+ ,:eel #ajg ,! ,:eel ( ,=tune #aaj ,! ,sp9n+ ,:eel #aaf ,,app5dices ,i4 ,a ,model ,weav+-s*ool #abc ,sp9n+ ,dep>tm5t #acc ,! ,advantage ( ! ?9 sp9dle #acf ,h&-,looms #adj ,:at ,k9d ( ,loom8 #add ,siz+ ,h&spun ,y>n #adf ,,ii4 ,! ,:eel ( ,=tune #aef ,,dawn ,,( ,a ,,new ,,era ,_m critics & "s fri5ds ( ,mahatma ,g&hi h f\nd fault ) 8 desire to introduce simpl] me?ods ( sp9n+ & weav+ & to d away ) mu* ( ! complicat$ ma*9]y ( ,mod]n ,civilisation4 ,! reason :y !y object is t !y fe> su* me?ods mean n progress t[>ds a high] /ate b relapse into a primitive condition ( civilisation or ev5 ( b>b>ism4 ,8 d5unciation ( ! age ( ma*9]y & ( ! ,indu/rial ,sy/em has be5 criticis$ by _m z ! rav+s ( a vision>y & ( "o :o is m]ely an impracticable ideali/4 ,?is is a /range criticism to come f ^? :o give _! allegiance to a =m ( civilisation or ',culture' :i* has l$ to ! unprec$5t$ horrors ( ! late ,european ,w> & ! c5tury-old disgraces ( ! ,indu/rial ,sy/em4 ,is ?is pres5t mod]n civilisation s v desirable t we %\ld wi% x to cont9ue 9 p]petuity8 ,e civilisation 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,man has rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t aft] :i* !re has be5 "o possibility only = x & t 0 absolute relapse into semi-d>kness 9 ord] to give place to a new & high] civilisation4 ,! common />t+ po9t ( all ! civilisations is a k9d ( night-"t4 ,9 ord] t ! ,babylonian 7or ,despotic7 ,civilisation might give way to ! ,roman 7or ,h]oic71 & ! ,roman give way to ! ,mod]n 7or ,intellectual7 ,civilisation1 x 0 necess>y = ea* 9 turn to s9k completely into ?is common night-"t4 ,)\t ?is entire de/ruction ( ! anci5t /ructure1 !re w\ld h be5 only a pat*work ( ! old1 & n a h>moni\s build+ ( ! ,new4 ,z ,*ri/ said3 ,ye _c put old w9e into new bottles4 ,! debris ( ! ,pa/ has to be cle>$ away 9 ord] to make way = ! /ructure ( ! ,future4 ,n[ ) reg>d to ,mod]n ,civilisation1 all ! signs ( ! times %[ t x has fail$ lam5tably & is gradually tott]+ to a di%on\r$ grave4 ,:y make any attempts to prop up :at ,nature s evid5tly has decid$ to ?r[ on ! scrap-heap8 ,su* attempts are contr>y to ! tea*+ ( pa/ hi/ory4 ,b any?+1 :i* t5ds to rea* ! common roots ( all civilisations1 %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,9 ord] t ! spiritual civilisation ( ! ,future may h a real *ance ( gr[+ 9 an atmosph]e cong5ial to x1 ,mahatma ,g&hi's demon/ration ( ! "r pa? %\ld be welcom$4 ,8 emphasis on simplicity ( life & on ! simplification ( ! ma*9]y ( liv+ mu/ be realis$ z a supremely ess5tial condition ( ! com+ ( ! new ,era4 ,9 ! civilisation ( ! ,future1 an ,era ( natural h>moni\s liv+ w be inaugurat$1 & artificial1 luxuri\s & pomp\s liv+ w be entirely root$ out4 ,simplicity ( life be+ a condition ( spiritual p]fection1 we may look =w>d to an ,era ( ,civilisation 9 ! ,future1 greatly sup]ior to all ! civilisations ( ! ,pa/1 if only we accept simplicity ( life z ! be/ me?od ( liv+4 ,! failure & decl9e ( ,we/]n or ,mod]n ,civilisation ne$ n al>m u2 = ! exp]i5ce ( ,hi/ory is full ( simil> decl9es ( once p[]ful cultures4 ,:5 ,babylonian ,civilisation _h rea*$ its height1 x _h to come d[n to :at we may t]m ! z]o-po9t ( all civilisation f :i* ,roman ,civilisation _h made its />t4 ,b :5 ,roman ,civilisation _h rea*$ its z5i?1 x 0 mu* sup]ior to ! z5i? ,civilisation ( ,babylon1 z ! z5i? ,babylonian 0 sup]ior to ! z]o-civilisation4 ,& s also ( full-fl$g$ ,mod]n ,civilisation4 ,we may say t until x returns to ! common z]o-po9t1 !re is no hope ( a full & p]fect developm5t ( a civilisation m\ld$ by spiritual ideals4 ,let critics ( ,mahatma ,g&hi !n look to ,hi/ory be=e !y condemn him = try+ to br+ ?is mu* belaud$ ,mod]n ,civilisation d[n to ! common />t+ po9t ( all great civilisations4 ,we are at ! dawn ( a ,new ,era1 & ,mahatma ,g&hi is ! "o lead] :o %[s to u ! "r pa?4 ,he at lea/ is wat]+ ! roots1 :ile all o!rs :o try to keep alive ! ,civilisation ( ! ,we/]n nations are l fooli% g>d5]s :o lavi% wat] on ! )]+ leaves ( a dy+ tree & nev] ?9k ( wat]+ its roots4 ,,swade%i ,,! ,,:eel ,,( ,,=tune ,,boycott ,,( ,,goods vs4 ,,non-,,co-,,op]ation ,,programme ,mr4 ,ka/uri ,ranga ,aiyang> 0 pleas$ to answ] my argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! details ( ! fir/ /age ( non-co-op]ation t ,i _h ! hon\r ( expla9+ at ! great ,madras ,bea* meet+4 ,he express$ 8 diss5t f all b ! r5unciation ( titles4 ,he sugge/$ boycott ( =eign goods 9 ! place ( ! o!r items4 ,ev5 at ! risk ( repeat+ argum5ts famili> to ! read]s ( ,"y ,india1 ,i mu/ deal ) ! "q ( boycott :i* has n[ receiv$ ! imprimatur ( s able a publici/ z ,mr4 ,ka/uri ,ranga ,aiyang>4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 boycott ( ,briti% goods has be5 conceiv$ z a puni%m5t & c h no place 9 non-co-op]ation :i* is conceiv$ 9 a _s ( self-sacrifice & is a matt] ( sacr$ duty4 ,secondly1 any measure ( puni%m5t mu/ be swift1 c]ta9 & adequate = ! effect int5d$ to be produc$4 ,resort$ to by individuals1 !re=e1 boycott is ineffectual1 =1 x c give no satisfaction unless x is productive ( effect1 :]eas e act ( non-co-op]ation is its own satisfaction4 ,?irdly1 boycott ( ,briti% goods is ?or\ghly unpractical1 =1 x involves sacrifice ( _! millions by millionaires4 ,x is 9 my op9ion inf9itely m difficult = a m]*ant to sacrifice 8 millions ?an = a lawy] to susp5d 8 practice or = a title-hold] to give up 8 title or = a p>5t to sacrifice1 if ne$ be1 ! lit]>y in/ruction ( 8 *ildr54 ,add to ?is ! important fact t m]*ants h only lately begun to int]e/ !mselves 9 politics4 ,!y are !re=e yet timid & cauti\s4 ,b ! class1 to :i* ! fir/ /age ( non-co-op]ation is int5d$ to appeal1 is ! political class :i* has devot$ ye>s to politics & is n m5tally unprep>$ = communal sacrifice4 ,boycott ( ,briti% goods to be effective mu/ be tak5 up by ! :ole c\ntry at once or n at all4 ,x is l a siege4 ,y c c>ry out a siege only :5 y h ! requisite m5 & in/rum5ts ( de/ruction4 ,"o man scrat*+ a wall ) 8 f+] nails may hurt 8 f+]s b w produce no effect ^u ! walls4 ,"o title-hold] giv+ up 8 title has ! supreme satisfaction ( hav+ wa%$ 8 h&s clean ( ! guilt ( ! donor & is unaffect$ by ! refusal ( 8 fell[s to give up !irs4 ,! motive ( boycott be+ punitive lacks ! inh]5t practicability ( non-co-op]ation4 ,! _s ( puni%m5t is a sign ( weakness4 ,a /r5g!n+ ( t _s w ret>d ! process ( reg5]ation4 ,! _s ( sacrifice is a det]m9ation to rid ourselves ( our weakness4 ,x is !re=e an invigorat+ & purify+ process & is !re=e also calculat$ to d good bo? to u & to ^? :o evoke ! _s ( sacrifice 9 u4 ,above all1 if ,india has a mission ( h] own1 %e w n fulfil x by copy+ ! d\btful example ( ! ,we/ & mak+ ev5 h] sacrifice mat]iali/ically utilit>ian in/ead ( (f]+ a sacrifice spotless & pleas+ ev5 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,,khilafat ,,& ,,swade%i ,x 0 n )\t mu* misgiv+ t ,i cons5t$ to include ,swade%i z a plank 9 non-co-op]ation4 ,b ,maulana ,hasrat ,mohani by 8 %e] e>ne/ness bore me d[n4 ,i fe> h[ev] t 8 reasons = includ+ ,swade%i are diff]5t f m9e4 ,he is a protagoni/ ( boycott ( ,briti% goods1 ,i _c reconcile myself to ! doctr9e z ,i h expla9$ else:]e 9 ?is issue4 ,b hav+ fail$ to popul>ise boycott1 ,mohani ,saheb has accept$ ,swade%i z ! less] good4 ,x is h[ev] necess>y = me to expla9 h[ ,i h come to include ,swade%i 9 ! programme ( non-co-op]ation4 ,non-co-op]ation is no?+ b discipl9e 9 self-sacrifice4 ,& ,i believe t a nation t is capable ( limitless sacrifice is capable ( ris+ to limitless heights4 ,! pur] ! sacrifice ! quick] ! progress4 ,swade%i (f]s e man1 woman & *ild an occasion to make a beg9n+ 9 self-sacrifice ( a pure type4 ,x !re=e pres5ts an opportunity = te/+ our capacity = sacrifice4 ,x is ! measure = gaug+ ! dep? ( national feel+ on ! ,khilafat wrong4 ,does ! nation feel suffici5tly to move x to g ?r\gh ev5 ! prelim9>y process ( sacrifice8 ,w ! nation revise its ta/e = ! ,japanese silk1 ! ,man*e/] calico or ! ,fr5* lace & f9d all its decoration out ( h&-spun & h&-wov5 clo?1 i4e41 ,khadi8 ,if crores ( p w refuse to we> or use =eign clo? & be satisfi$ ) ! simple clo? t we c produce 9 our homes1 x w be pro( ( our organis+ ability1 en]gy1 co-op]ation & self-sacrifice t w enable u to secure all we ne$4 ,x w be a /rik+ demon/ration ( national solid>ity4 ,su* a consummation _c be a*iev$ = ! m]e wi%4 ,x _c be a*iev$ by "o man1 no matt] h[ capable & s9c]e he may be4 ,x _c be a*iev$ by dott+ ,india ) ,swade%i /ores4 ,x c only be a*iev$ by new production & judici\s di/ribution4 ,production means lacs ( wom5 sp9n+ 9 _! own homes4 ,?is requires e>ne/ m5 to be engag$ 9 hone/ly di/ribut+ c>d$ cotton & collect+ y>n & pay+ = x4 ,x means manufacture ( ?\s&s ( sp9n+ :eels4 ,x means induc+ ! h]$it>y weav]s to return to _! noble call+ & di/ribut+ home-spun y>n among/ !m & sell+ _! manufactures4 ,x is ?us only z an en]gis+ ag5t t ,i c ?9k ( ,swade%i z a plank 9 non-co-op]ation4 ,b x is n to be despis$ 9 t capacity4 ,& ,i hope t e work] = ! cause1 ev5 if he c d no?+ else1 w h done some?+ if he c advance ,swade%i fir/ by increas+ production & !n di/ribution4 ,he w\ld be simply mov+ 9 a circle if he is satisfi$ ) di/ribut+ clo? t is already be+ manufactur$ 9 ,india4 ,,! ,,secret ,,( ,,sw>aj ,! ,congress resolution has rightly emphasis$ ! importance ( ,swade%i & ! am\nt ( great] sacrifice by m]*ants4 ,india _c be free s long z ,india volunt>ily enc\rages or tol]ates ! economic dra9 :i* has be5 go+ on = ! pa/ c5tury & a half4 ,boycott ( =eign goods means no m & no less ?an boycott ( =eign clo?4 ,=eign clo? con/itutes ! l>ge/ dra9 volunt>ily p]mitt$ by u4 ,x means sixty crores ( rupees annually paid by u = piece-goods4 ,if ,india c\ld make a successful ef=t to /op t dra91 %e c ga9 ,sw>aj by t "o act4 ,india 0 enslav$ = satisfy+ ! gre$ ( ! =eign clo? manufactur]4 ,:5 ! ,ea/ ,india ,company came 91 we 7 able to manufacture all ! clo? we ne$$1 & m = export4 ,by processes t ne$ n be describ$ "h1 ,india has become practically :olly dep5d5t ^u =eign manufacture = h] clo?+4 ,b we ought n to be dep5d5t4 ,india has ! ability to manufacture all h] clo? if h] *ildr5 w "w = x4 ,=tunately ,india has yet en\gh weav]s to supplem5t ! out-turn ( h] mills4 ,! mills d n & _c imm$iately manufacture all ! clo? we want4 ,! read] may n "k t1 ev5 at ! pres5t mom5t1 ! weav]s weave m clo? ?an ! mills4 ,b ! latt] weave five crore y>ds ( f9e =eign c\nts1 equal to =ty crore y>ds ( co>s] c\nts4 ,! way to c>ry out a successful boycott ( =eign clo? is to increase ! out-put ( y>n4 ,& ?is c only be done by h&-sp9n+4 ,to br+ ab\t su* a boycott1 x is necess>y = our m]*ants to /op all =eign importation1 & to sell out1 ev5 at a loss1 all =eign clo? already /ock$ 9 ,india1 pref]ably to =eign buy]s4 ,!y mu/ cease to speculate 9 cotton1 & keep all ! cotton requir$ = home use4 ,!y mu/ /op pur*as+ all =eign cotton4 ,! mill-own]s %\ld "w _! mills n = _! pr(its b z a national tru/ & !re=e cease to sp9 f9] c\nts1 & weave only = ! home m>ket4 ,! h\sehold] has to revise 8 or h] ideas ( fa%ion &1 at lea/ = ! "t be+1 susp5d ! use ( f9e g>m5ts :i* are n always worn to cov] ! body4 ,he %\ld tra9 himself to see art & beauty 9 ! spotlessly :ite khadd> & to appreciate its s(t unev5ness4 ,! h\sehold] mu/ le>n to use clo? z a mis] uses 8 ho>d4 ,& ev5 :5 ! h\sehold]s h revis$ _! ta/es ab\t dress1 somebody w h to sp9 y>n = ! weav]s4 ,?is c only be done by e "o sp9n+ dur+ sp>e h\rs ei!r = love or money4 ,we are engag$ 9 a spiritual w>4 ,we are n liv+ 9 normal times4 ,normal activities are always susp5d$ 9 abnormal times4 ,& if we are out to ga9 ,sw>aj 9 a ye>'s "t1 x means t we mu/ conc5trate ^u our goal to ! exclusion ( e ?+ else4 ,i !re=e v5ture to sugge/ to ! /ud5ts all ov] ,india to susp5d _! normal /udies = "o ye> & devote _! "t to ! manufacture ( y>n by h&-sp9n+4 ,x w be _! greate/ act ( s]vice to ! mo!rl&1 & _! mo/ natural contribution to ! atta9m5t ( ,sw>aj4 ,dur+ ! late w> our rul]s attempt$ to turn e factory into an ars5al = turn+ out bullets ( lead4 ,dur+ ?is w> ( ours1 ,i sugge/ e national s*ool & college be+ turn$ into a factory = prep>+ cones ( y>ns = ! nation4 ,! /ud5ts w lose no?+ by ! occupation3 !y w ga9 a k+dom "h & h]eaft]4 ,!re is a fam9e ( clo? 9 ,india4 ,to assi/ 9 remov+ ?is de>? is surely an act ( m]it4 ,if x is s9ful to use =eign y>n1 x is a virtue to manufacture m ,swade%i y>n 9 ord] to enable u to cope ) ! want t w\ld be creat$ by ! disuse ( =eign y>n4 ,! obvi\s "q ask$ w\ld be1 if x is s necess>y to manufacture y>n1 :y n pay e poor p]son to d s8 ,! answ] is t h& sp9n+ is n1 & nev] 01 a call+ l weav+1 c>p5try1 etc4 ,"u ! pre-,briti% economy ( ,india1 sp9n+ 0 an hon\rable & leisurely occupation = ! wom5 ( ,india4 ,x is difficult to revive ! art among ! wom5 9 ! "t at our disposal4 ,b x is incr$ibly simple & easy = ! s*ool-go]s to respond to ! nation's call4 ,let no "o decry ! "w z be+ d]ogatory to ! dignity ( man or /ud5ts4 ,x 0 an art conf9$ to ! wom5 ( ,india because ! latt] _h m leisure4 ,& be+ graceful1 musical1 & z x did n involve any great ex]tion1 x _h become ! monopoly ( wom54 ,b x is c]ta9ly z graceful = ei!r sex z is music = in/ance4 ,9 h&-sp9n+ is hidd5 ! protection ( wom5's virtue1 ! insurance aga9/ fam9e1 & ! *eap5+ ( prices4 ,9 x is hidd5 ! secret ( ,sw>aj4 ,! revival ( h& sp9n+ is ! lea/ p5ance we mu/ d = ! s9 ( our =efa!rs 9 hav+ succumb$ to ! satanic influ5ces ( ! =eign manufactur]4 ,! s*ool-go]s w re/ore h&-sp9n+ to its respectable /atus4 ,!y w ha/5 ! process ( mak+ ,khadd> fa%ionable4 ,= no "m1 or fa!r1 wor? ! "n w refuse to we> clo? made out ( y>n spun by _! *ildr54 ,& ! s*ol>s' practical recognition ( art w compel ! att5tion ( ! weav]s ( ,india4 ,if we are to wean ! ,punjabi f ! call+ n ( a soldi] b ( ! murd]] ( innoc5t & free p ( o!r l&s1 we mu/ give back to him ! occupation ( weav+4 ,! race ( ! peaceful ,julahis ( ! ,punjab is all b ext9ct4 ,x is = ! s*ol>s ( ! ,punjab to make x possible = ! ,punjabi weav] to return to 8 innoc5t call+4 ,i hope to %[ 9 a future issue h[ easy x is to introduce ?is *ange 9 ! s*ools & h[ quickly1 on ^! t]ms1 we c nationalise our s*ools & colleges4 ,ev]y:]e ! /ud5ts h ask$ me :at new ?+s ,i w\ld introduce into our nationalis$ s*ools4 ,i h inv>iably told !m ,i w\ld c]ta9ly introduce sp9n+4 ,i feel1 s mu* m cle>ly ?an ev] be=e t dur+ ! transition p]iod1 we mu/ devote exclusive att5tion to sp9n+ & c]ta9 o!r ?+s ( imm$iate national use1 s z to make up = pa/ neglect4 ,& ! /ud5ts w be bett] able & equipp$ to ent] ^u ! new c\rse ( /udies4 ,d ,i want to put back ! h& ( ! clock ( progress8 ,d ,i want to replace ! mills by h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+8 ,d ,i want to replace ! railway by ! c\ntry c>t8 ,d ,i want to de/roy ma*9]y altoge!r8 ,^! que/ions h be5 ask$ by "s j\rnali/s & public m54 ,my answ] is3 ,i w\ld n weep ov] ! disappe>ance ( ma*9]y or consid] x a calamity4 ,b ,i h no design ^u ma*9]y z su*4 ,:at ,i want to d at ! pres5t mom5t is to supplem5t ! production ( y>n & clo? ?r\gh our mills1 save ! millions we s5d out ( ,india1 & di/ribute !m 9 our cottages4 ,?is ,i _c d unless & until ! nation is prep>$ to devote its leisure h\rs to h&-sp9n+4 ,to t end we mu/ adopt ! me?ods ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/ = popul>is+ sp9n+ z a duty r ?an z a means ( livelihood4 ,,swade%i ,9 criticis+ my article entitl$ ',! ,music ( ! ,sp9n+ ,:eel6' ! ,lead] ! o!r day attribut$ to me ! ideas t ,i h nev] ent]ta9$4 ,& x is necess>y = ! purpose ( und]/&+ ! true value ( ,swade%i1 to correct "s ( ! curr5t fallacies4 ,! ,lead] consid]s t ,i am putt+ back ! h&s ( ! clock ( progress by attempt+ to replace mill-made clo? & mill-spun y>n by h&-wov5 & h&-spun y>n4 ,n[1 ,i am mak+ no su* attempt at all4 ,i h no qu>rel ) ! mills4 ,my views are incr$ibly simple4 ,india requires ne>ly #ac y>ds ( clo? p] head p] ye>4 ,%e produces1 ,i believe1 less ?an half ! am\nt4 ,india gr[s all ! cotton %e ne$s4 ,%e exports sev]al million bales ( cotton to ,japan & ,lanca%ire & receives mu* ( x back 9 manufactur$ calico al?\gh %e is capable ( produc+ all ! clo? & all ! y>n necess>y = supply+ h] wants by h&-weav+ & h&-sp9n+4 ,india ne$s to supplem5t h] ma9 occupation1 agriculture1 ) "s o!r employm5t4 ,h&-sp9n+ is ! only su* employm5t = millions4 ,x 0 ! national employm5t a c5tury ago4 ,x is n true to say t economic pressure & mod]n ma*9]y de/roy$ h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+4 ,?is great indu/ry 0 de/roy$ or almo/ de/roy$ by extraord9>y & immoral means adopt$ by ! ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,?is national indu/ry is capable ( be+ reviv$ by ex]tion & a *ange 9 ! national ta/e )\t damag+ ! mill indu/ry4 ,increase ( mills is no pres5t rem$y = supply+ ! defici5cy4 ,! difficulty c be easily suppli$ only by h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+4 ,if ?is employm5t 7 reviv$1 x w\ld prev5t sixty million rupees f be+ annually dra9$ f ! c\ntry & di/ribute ! am\nt among lacs ( poor wom5 9 _! own cottages4 ,i !re=e consid] ,swade%i z an automatic1 ?\gh p>tial1 solution ( ! problem ( ,india's gr9d+ pov]ty4 ,x also con/itutes a ready-made insurance policy 9 times ( sc>city ( ra94 ,b two ?+s are ne$ful to br+ ab\t ! ne$$ revival--to create a ta/e = ,khadd> & to provide an organisation = ! di/ribution ( c>d$ cotton & collection ( y>n aga9/ paym5t4 ,9 "o ye>1 by ! sil5t lab\r ( a few m51 sev]al ?\s& rupees h be5 di/ribut$ 9 ,guj>at among sev]al ?\s& poor wom5 :o are glad en\gh to e>n a few pice p] day to buy milk = _! *ildr51 etc4 ,! argum5t does n apply to ! sug> indu/ry z ! ,lead] has attempt$4 ,!re is n suffici5t cane gr[n 9 ,india to supply ,india's wants4 ,sug> 0 nev] a national & supplem5t>y indu/ry4 ,=eign sug> has n supplant$ ,indian sug>4 ,india's wants ( sug> h gr[n & %e !re=e imports m sug>4 ,b ?is importation does n in/itute a dra9 9 ! s5se 9 :i* importation ( =eign clo? does4 ,production ( m sug> means m sci5tific agriculture1 m & bett] ma*9]y = cru%+ & ref9+4 ,! sug> indu/ry !re=e /&s on a diff]5t plat=m4 ,swade%i 9 sug> is desirable1 ,swade%i 9 clo? is an urg5t necessity4 ,! ,swade%i propag&a has be5 go+ on 9 a m or less organis$ mann] n[ = ! pa/ eighte5 mon?s4 ,"s ( its results are surpris+ & gratify+4 ,x has tak5 a fairly firm hold 9 ! ,punjab1 ,madras & ! ,bombay ,presid5cy4 ,h& sp9n+ & h&-weav+ are /eadily increas+ 9 ^! p>ts4 ,sev]al ?\s& rupees h be5 di/ribut$ 9 homes :]e wom5 nev] did any "w be=e4 ,& if m "w ( ?is k9d has n be5 done1 x is due to want ( work]s4 ,?is is h[ev] writt5 m to note ! mi/akes ( ! pa/ ?an to sum up ! bright side4 ,my obs]vations lead me to ! conclusion t :il/ ! inauguration ( ! ?ree v[s & ,swade%i /ores h greatly /imulat$ ! ,swade%i _s1 x is no long] possible to advocate ! tak+ ( any ( ! ?ree v[s or ! op5+ ( new ,swade%i /ores = ! sale ( mill-made clo?4 ,! result ( ! propag&a has be5 to s5d up ! prices ( y>n & clo? r ?an increase production4 ,x is cle> t ! purpose ( ,swade%i is n s]v$ until ! quantity ( y>n & clo? produc$ is increas$4 ,! ga9 !re=e is m]ely moral & n mat]ial4 ,! p h begun to p]ceive ! desirability ( we>+ only ,swade%i clo? if ! real int]e/ ( ! c\ntry is to be advanc$4 ,b x is cle> t we mu/ take practical /eps = meet+ ! gr[+ dem& = ,swade%i clo?4 ,"o way1 no d\bt1 is to increase ! mills4 ,b x is obvi\s t capitali/s d n ne$ popul> enc\ragem5t4 ,!y "k t ,india ne$s mu* m clo? ?an is manufactur$ by our mills4 ,b mills d n spr+ up l mu%rooms4 ,x is a matt] ( gett+ ma*9]y f outside1 let alone ! difficulty ( gett+ lab\r4 ,& aft] all1 ,india _c become truly & economically indep5d5t s long z %e mu/ rely on ! supply ( ma*9]y f outside = ! manufacture ( h] clo?4 ,! cleane/ & ! mo/ popul> =m ( ,swade%i1 !re=e1 is to /imulate h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+ & to arrange = a judici\s di/ribution ( y>n & clo? s manufactur$4 ,) a little tal5t & a little indu/ry ?is ?+ is easy4 ,ev5 z ea* home cooks its own food )\t difficulty1 s may ea* home weave its own y>n4 ,& j z 9 spite ( e home hav+ its own kit*51 re/aurants cont9ue to fl\ri%1 s w mills cont9ue to supply our additional wants4 ,b ev5 z because ( our private kit*5s we w\ld n />ve if e re/aurant 0 ?r\gh "s accid5t clos$1 s w\ld we1 by reason ( dome/ic sp9n+1 n h to be nak$ ev5 if e mill1 by a blockade f ! we/1 _h to /op "w4 ,n long ago1 we knew ?is secret ( our own economic indep5d5ce & x is possible = u to rega9 t indep5d5ce by a little ef=t1 a little organis+ ag5cy & a little sacrifice4 ,!re=e true ,swade%i consi/s 9 introduc+ ! sp9n+ :eel 9 e h\sehold & e h\sehold sp9n+ its own y>n4 ,_m a ,punjabi woman does x to-day4 ,& ?\gh we may n supply our own clo? entirely1 we %all be sav+ ye>ly crores ( rupees4 ,9 any ev5t !re is no o!r ,swade%i ?an increas$ manufacture by h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+4 ,:e!r we take up h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+ or we d n1 x is at lea/ necess>y to und]/& :at true ,swade%i is4 ,h[ to kill swade%i--,we are famili> ) ! (ficial ban put ^u ! ,khadi cap 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,india4 ,9 ,bih>1 ,i he>d t a magi/rate actually s5t hawk]s to sell =eign clo?4 ,mr4 ,pa9t] ( ,dh>w> fame has gone "o bett]1 & has issu$ an (ficial circul> 9 :i* he says3 ,all (fic]s subord9ate to ! ,collector & ,di/rict ,magi/rate are desir$ to take /eps to make p realise1 t 9 z mu* z ,india produces less ?an h] population requires1 a boycott ( =eign clo? & its de/ruction or export mu/ inevitably lead to a s]i\s rise 9 prices1 :i* may lead to a s]i\s disord] & loot+1 & t ^! consequ5ces w be ! result1 n ( any action on ! "p ( ,gov]nm5t b ( ,mr4 ,g&hi's campaign4 ,9 two o!r p>agraphs means are indicat$ ( combat+ ! ,swade%i propag&a i4e4 by hold+ meet+s1 & by deal]s :o are oppos$ to boycott att5d+ ! ,collector's (fice at /at$ h\rs4 ,! ,madras ,gov]nm5t h issu$ a /ill m p$antic circul>4 ,! mean+ ( ^! circul>s is obvi\s4 ,pressure is to be put ^u ! deal]s & o!rs n to c\nt5ance boycott4 ,! subord9ate (ficials w take lib]ties :i* ! au?ors ( circul>s may n ev5 h contemplat$4 ,=tunately = ! c\ntry1 ^! ?reats n[ produce little or no impression ^u ! public1 & ! ,swade%i movem5t w g on 9 ! tee? ( ! (ficial opposition1 be x secret or op51 unscrupul\s or hon\rable4 ,! (ficials are s ignorant & ob/9ate1 t !y w n take ! only effective c\rse = avoid+ ! fe>$ 'disord]s & loot+1' viz4 mak+ common cause ) ! public & /imulat+ production4 ,in/ead ( recognis+ ! agitation aga9/ =eign clo? z desirable & necess>y1 !y reg>d x z an evil to be put d[n4 ,& !n x is compla9$1 t ,i call a sy/em :i* seeks to ?w>t heal?y public agitation1 satanic4 ,:y %\ld !re be any de>? ( indig5\s clo?8 ,is !re n en\gh cotton 9 ,india8 ,are !re n en\gh m5 & wom5 :o c sp9 & weave8 ,is x n possible to manufacture all ! requir$ numb] ( :eels 9 a few days8 ,:y %\ld n ea* home manufacture its own clo?1 ev5 z x cooks its own food8 ,is x n en\gh 9 times ( fam9e to di/ribute uncook$ gra9 among ! fam9e-/rik58 ,:y %\ld x n be en\gh to di/ribute raw cotton among ^? :o ne$ clo?+8 ,:y ?is hypocritical or false al>m ab\t ! de>? ( clo?1 :5 x is possible 9 ,india to manufacture en\gh = ,india's ne$s 9 a mon? ev5 )\t ! aid ( ! mills8 ,! p h be5 purposely or ignorantly kept 9 ! d>k hi!rto4 ,!y h be5 wrongly taught to believe1 t all ! clo? ne$$ _c be manufactur$ 9 ,india's homes z ( yore4 ,!y h be5 figuratively amputat$ & !n made to rely ^u =eign or mill-made clo?4 ,i wi% ! p conc]n$ w give ! only dignifi$ answ] possible to ^! circul>s4 ,!y w =?) burn or s5d out all _! =eign clo?1 & c\rage\sly make up _! m9ds to sp9 & weave = _! own requirem5ts4 ,x is incr$ibly easy = e "o :o is n an idl]4 ,y4 ,i4--#ah? ,aug1 #aibj4 ,,swade%i ,,9 ,,! ,,punjab ,! ,jo9t ,secret>ies ( ! ,bh>at ,/ri ,maha ,m&al1 ,punjab ,bran*1 s5d a report ( ! ,swade%i activities ( ,%rimati ,s>aladevi ,*audhrani ev] s9ce h] return to ,lahore f ,bombay4 ,miss ,roy & ,mrs4 ,ro%&al1 ! ,secret>ies1 /ate t meet+s ( wom5 7 held respectively on ! #bcrd1 #bd? & #be? ,june at ?ree diff]5t places 9 ,lahore4 ,all ! meet+s 7 att5d$ by hundr$s ( wom5 :o 7 deeply int]e/$ 9 :at ,%rimati ,s>aladevi _h to say4 ,! burd5 ( h] disc\rses 0 ,india's deep pov]ty4 ,%e trac$ ! causes & prov$ t our pov]ty 0 prim>ily due to ! ab&onm5t ( ,swade%i by ! p4 ,! rem$y !re=e lay 9 rev]t+ to ,swade%i4 ,s>aladevi h]self writes to say t h] ,khadd> ,s>i impress$ h] audi5ces m ?an h] spee*es1 & h] songs came next1 h] spee*es la/4 ,! good ladies ( ,lahore flock$ r\nd h] & felt h] co>se b beautifully :ite ,s>i & admir$ x4 ,"s took pity on h] t %e :o only ! o!r day 0 dress$ 9 co/ly ?9 silk ,s>is n[ deck$ h]self 9 h&-wov5 ,swade%i ,khadd>4 ,s>aladevi want$ no pity & retort$ t _! ?9 =eign sc>ves lay heavi] on _! %\ld]s ) ! weight ( _! helpless dep5d5ce on =eign manufacture :]eas h] co>se ,khadd> lay light z a fea!r on h] body ) ! joy ( ! k t %e 0 free because %e wore g>m5ts 9 ! manufacture ( :i* h] si/]s & h] bro!rs _h lab\r$4 ,?is /atem5t s pleas$ h] audi5ce t mo/ ( ! wom5 pres5t resolv$ to disc>d =eign clo!s4 ,s>aladevi has n[ be5 *>g$ by ^! ladies to op5 a %op :]e !y c\ld buy ,swade%i goods4 ,%e has s9ce address$ m audi5ces4 ,%e spoke at ! ,di/rict ,conf]5ce at ,sialkot & to a meet+ exclusively devot$ to ladies numb]+ ov] "o ?\s&4 ,i hope t ! m5 ( ,punjab w help ,s>aladevi 9 h] self-impos$ mission4 ,!y may h>ness h] tal5ts & h] will+ness 9 f\nd+ ,swade%i ,sabha & organis+ ,swade%i propag&a on a s\nd basis4 ,bo? m5 & money are ne$$ to make ! "w a success4 ,swade%i is m ?an re=ms4 ,!re is mu* wa/e ov] re=ms4 ,!re is none 9 ,swade%i4 ,e y>d ( y>n spun is s mu* lab\r well sp5t & s mu* weal? add$ to ! national treasury4 ,e drop c\nts4 ,swade%i spells fir/ production & !n di/ribution4 ,di/ribution )\t production means ! rais+ ( prices )\t any correspond+ b5efit4 ,= to-day dem& exce$s ! supply4 ,if we w n manufacture m clo?1 m =eign imports mu/ cont9ue a pa9ful & s9ful necessity4 ,punjab has a great opportunity4 ,punjab gr[s spl5did cotton4 ,! art ( sp9n+ has n yet di$ out4 ,almo/ e ,punjabi woman kn[s x4 ,?is sacr$ haunt ( ! ,ri%is ( old has ?\s&s ( weav]s4 ,only ! lead]s ne$ to h fai? 9 _! wom5 & !mselves4 ,:5 ,s>aladevi wrote to me t %e might want goods f ,bombay1 ,i felt hurt4 ,! ,punjab has all ! "t & all ! lab\r & ! mat]ial necess>y = produc+ h] own clo?4 ,%e has brave m]*ants4 ,%e has m ?an en\gh capital4 ,%e has bra9s4 ,has %e ! w8 ,%e c organise h] own ,swade%i 9 less ?an a ye>1 if ! lead]s w "w at ?is great cause4 ,x is play+ ) ,swade%i = ! ,punjab to h to import clo? f ,bombay4 ,! ,punjab has to "r h]self by putt+ h] ,swade%i on a prop] basis & by ridd+ h]self ( ,messrs4 ,boswor? ,smi? & ,company4 ,%e w !n be bo? economically & politically s\nd4 ,geographically %e /&s at ! top4 ,%e l$ ! way 9 ! old] times4 ,w %e aga9 d s8 ,h] m5 are virile to look at4 ,h !y virility en\gh to secure )\t a mom5t's delay purity ( adm9i/ration8 ,i h n /ray$ f ,swade%i to politics4 ,my ,swade%i _s makes me impati5t ( g>m5ts t d5ude ,india ( h] weal? & equally impati5t ( ! ,smi?s1 ! ,o',bri5s1 ! ,%ri ,rams & ! ,maliks :o d5ude h] ( h] self-respect & insol5tly t\* wom5's veils ) _! /icks1 *a9 innoc5t m5 z if !y 7 bea/s1 or %oot !m f arm\r$ c>s or o!rwise t]rorise p into subjection4 ,y4 ,i4--#g? ,july #aibj4 ,,swade%i ,,/ores ,9 a previ\s issue ,i endeav\r$ to %[ h[ /ores = ! sake ( sell+ mill-manufactures did n advance ,swade%i 9 any way :atsoev] b on ! contr>y1 t5d$ to s5d up ! price ( clo?4 ,i propose to %[ 9 ?is article h[ ) a small capital1 x is possible to advance true ,swade%i & e>n a mode/ livelihood4 ,suppose t !re is a family consi/+ ( husb&1 wife & two *ildr5 "o ( :om is t5 ye>s old & ! o!r five4 ,if !y h a capital ( ,rs4 #ejj !y c manage a ,khadd> ,bh&> 9 a small way4 ,!y c hire1 say 9 a place ) a population ( #bj1jjj inhabitants a %op ) dwell+ rooms = ,rs4 #aj p] mon?4 ,if !y sell ! :ole ( ! /ock at #aj p4c4 pr(it !y c h ,rs4 #ej p] mon?4 ,!y h no s]vants4 ,! wife & ! *ildr5 9 _! sp>e "t w\ld be expect$ to help 9 keep+ ! %op tidy & look+ aft] x :5 ! husb& is out4 ,! wife & *ildr5 c also devote _! sp>e "t to sp9n+4 ,9 ! initial /ages ! ,khadd> may n sell at ! %op4 ,9 t case ! husb& is expect$ to hawk ! ,khadd> f door to door & popul>ise x4 ,he w soon f9d a cu/om = x4 ,! read] mu/ n be surpris$ at my sugge/+ #aj p4c4 pr(its4 ,! ,khadd> ,bh&>s are n design$ = ! poore/4 ,! use ( ,khadd> saves at lea/ half ! co/ n necess>ily because ! ,khadd> is m durable 7?\gh t x c]ta9ly is7 b because its use revolutionises our ta/es4 ,i "k :at sav+ ( money its use has meant to me4 ,^?1 :o buy ,khadd> f patriotic motives m]ely1 c easily af=d to pay #aj p4c4 pr(its on ,khadd>4 ,la/ly ! popul>is+ ( ,khadd> means mu* c>e1 devotion & lab\r4 ,& ! own] ( a ,khadd> ,bh&> does n buy x at a :olesale %op b he mu/ w&] to get ! be/ ,khadd>1 he mu/ meet ! local weav]s & induce !m to weave h& spun y>n4 ,he mu/ /imulate 9 8 own di/rict h& sp9n+ among its wom54 ,he mu/ come 9 t\* ) ! c>d]s & get !m to c>d cotton4 ,all ?is means intellig5ce1 organisation & great ability4 ,a man :o c exhibit ^! qualities has a "r to take #aj p4c4 pr(its4 ,& a ,swade%i ,bh&> conduct$ on ^! l9es becomes a true c5tre ( ,swade%i activity4 ,i comm5d my rem>ks to ! att5tion ( ! manag]s ( ,swade%i /ores t are already 9 exi/5ce4 ,!y may n revolutionise _! me?od at once b ,i h no d\bt t !y w advance ,swade%i only to ! ext5t t !y sell ,khadd>4 ,y4 ,i4--#g? ,july1 #aibj4 ,,indian ,,economics ,a fri5d has plac$ 9 my h&s a bullet9 on ,indian ,piece ,goods ,trade prep>$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,c\br\gh ,c4 ,b4 ,e4 by ord] ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india4 ,x conta9s ! foll[+ prefatory note3 ',! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india desire x to be und]/ood t ! /atem5ts made & ! views express$ 9 ?is bullet9 are ^? ( ! au?or himself4' ,if s1 :y has ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india burd5$ ! tax-pay] ) ! exp5se ( su* bullet9s8 ,! "o be=e me is #af? 9 ! s]ies4 ,d !y publi% bo? ! sides ( ! "q8 ,! bullet9 "u review is int5d$ to be an answ] to ! ,swade%i movem5t4 ,x is an elaborate note conta9+ a numb] ( *>ts %[+ ! condition ( imports & home manufacture ( piece goods includ+ h&-wov54 ,b x does n assi/ ! read] 9 /udy+ ! movem5t4 ,! pa9/ak+ au?or has be/[$ no pa9s ^u a /udy ( ! pres5t movem5t or its scope4 ,t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india treats ! greate/ con/ructive & co-op]ative movem5t 9 ! c\ntry ) supreme contempt & devotes p's money to a va9 refutation in/ead ( a sympa!tic /udy & treatm5t is p]haps ! be/ condemnation t c be pron\nc$ ^u ! sy/em "u :i* x is c>ri$4 ,! au?or's argum5t is3 7#a7 ,! movem5t if successful w act n z a protective b a prohibitive t>iff4 7#b7 ,?is mu/ result 9 m]ely enri*+ ! ,indian capitali/ & puni%+ ! consum]4 7#c7 ,! imports are non-competitive 9 t ! bulk ( ! k9d ( piece goods import$ are n manufactur$ 9 ,india4 7#d7 ,! result ( boycott+ su* piece goods mu/ be high prices )\t correspond+ b5efit4 7#e7 ,! boycott !re=e be+ aga9/ ! law ( supply & dem& & aga9/ ! consum] mu/ fail 9 ! end4 7#f7 ,! de/ruction ( h& sp9n+ :i* ,i h deplor$ is due to natural causes1 viz4 ! inv5tion ( "t-sav+ appliances & 0 !re=e inevitable4 7#g7 ,! ,indian f>m] is responsible = 8 own ru9 9 t he has indol5tly neglect$ cotton culture :i* 0 once s good4 7#h7 ,! be/ s]vice ,i c r5d] is !re=e to induce ! agriculturi/ to improve ! quality ( cotton4 7#i7 ,! au?or concludes1 ',if in/ead ( fill+ homes ) useless ,*>khas he 7 to />t a propag&a = ! m int5sive cultivation ( cotton & p>ticul>ly = ! production ( long] /aple cotton1 8 influ5ce w\ld be felt n only at ! pres5t day b = _m g5]ations to come4' ,! read] w ?us see1 t :at ,i reg>d z ! supreme necessity = ! economical salvation ( ,india1 ! au?or consid]s to be rank folly4 ,!re is !re=e no meet+ gr\nd "h4 ,& 9 spite ( ! prefatory note ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,india reproduc$ by me1 ! au?or does repres5t ! ,gov]nm5t attitude4 ,i h invit$ !m & ! co-op]ators def9itely to make common cause ) ! p 9 ?is movem5t at any rate4 ,!y may n m9d its political implications because !y d n believe 9 !m4 ,& surely !y ne$ n feel sorry if contr>y to _! expectation1 ! rise ( ! ,*>kha results 9 an increase 9 ! political p[] ( ! p4 ,in/ead ( wag+ w> aga9/ ,khadi1 !y might h popul>is$ its use & dis>m$ ! t]rible suspicion !y lab\r "u ( wi%+ to b5efit ! =eign manufactur] at ! exp5se ( ! ,indian cultivator4 ,my invitation is op5 = all "t4 ,i prophesy t :atev] happ5s to ! o!r p>ts ( ! national programme1 ,swade%i 9 its pres5t %ape w bide = ev] & mu/ if ,india's paup]ism is to be bani%$4 ,ev5 ?\gh ,i am a layman1 ,i make bold to say t ! s-call$ laws laid d[n 9 books on economics are n immutable l ! laws ( ,m$es & ,p]sians1 nor are !y univ]sal4 ,! economics ( ,engl& are diff]5t f ^? ( ,g]many4 ,g]many enri*$ h]self by b\nty-f$ beet sug>4 ,engl& enri*$ h]self by exploit+ =eign m>kets4 ,:at 0 possible = a compact area is n possible = an area #a1ijj miles long & #a1ejj broad4 ,! economics ( a nation are det]m9$ by its climatic1 geological & temp]am5tal conditions4 ,! ,indian conditions are diff]5t f ! ,engli% 9 all ^! ess5tials4 ,:at is meat = ,engl& is 9 _m cases poison = ,india4 ,beef tea 9 ! ,engli% climate may be good1 x is poison = ! hot climate ( religi\s ,india4 ,fi]y :isky 9 ! nor? ( ! ,briti% ,isles may be a necessity1 x r5d]s an ,indian unfit = "w or society4 ,fur-coats 9 ,scotl& are indisp5sable1 !y w be an intol]able burd5 9 ,india4 ,free trade = a c\ntry :i* has become indu/rial1 ^: population c & does live 9 cities1 ^: p d n m9d prey+ ^u o!r nations & !re=e su/a9 ! bigge/ navy to protect _! unnatural comm]ce1 may be economically s\nd 7?\gh z ! read] p]ceives1 ,i "q its morality74 ,free trade = ,india has prov$ h] curse & held h] 9 bondage4 ,& n[ = ,mr4 ,c\br\gh's propositions4 7#a7 ,! movem5t is int5d$ to s]ve ! purpose ( a volunt>y prohibitive t>iff4 7#b7 ,b x is s conceiv$ z nei!r unduly to b5efit ! capitali/ nor to injure ! consum]4 ,dur+ ! v brief transition /age ! prices ( home manufactures may be1 z !y are1 inflat$4 ,b ! rise c only be tempor>y z ! va/ majority ( consum]s mu/ become _! own manufactur]s4 ,?is cottage manufacture ( y>n & clo? _c be exp5sive ev5 z dome/ic cook]y is n exp5sive & _c be replac$ by hotel cook]y4 ,ov] tw5ty-five crores ( ! population w be do+ _! own h&-sp9n+ & hav+ y>n ?us manufactur$ wov5 9 neighb\r+ localities4 ,?is population is root$ to ! soil & has at lea/ f\r mon?s 9 ! ye> to rema9 idle4 ,if !y sp9 dur+ ^? h\rs & h ! y>n wov5 & we> x1 no mill-made clo? c compete ) _! ,khadi4 ,! clo? ?us manufactur$ w be ! *eape/ possible = !m4 ,if ! re/ ( ! population did n take "p 9 ! process1 x c\ld easily be suppli$ out ( ! surplus manufactur$ by ! tw5ty-five crores4 7#c7 ,x is true t non-competitive imports are l>g] ?an ^? t compete ) ! manufactures ( ,indian mills4 ,9 ! s*eme propos$ by me ! "q does n arise1 because ! c5tral idea is n s mu* to c>ry on a comm]cial w> aga9/ =eign c\ntries z to utilise ! idle h\rs ( ! nation & ?us by natural processes to help x to get rid ( h] gr[+ paup]ism4 7#d7 ,i h already %[n t ! result ( boycott _c 9 ! end be a rise 9 ! price ( clo?4 7#e7 ,! propos$ boycott is n aga9/ ! law ( supply & dem&1 because x does away ) ! law by manufactur+ en\gh = ! supply4 ,! movem5t does require a *ange ( ta/e on ! "p ( ^? :o h adopt$ f9] v>iety & :o patronise fanta/ic comb9ations ( col\rs & designs4 7#f7 ,i h %[n 9 ^! pages1 t ! de/ruction ( h&-sp9n+ 0 design$ & c>ri$ out 9 a mo/ inhuman mann] by ! ag5ts ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,no am\nt ( appliances w\ld ev] h displac$ ?is national art & indu/ry b = ?is artificial & sy/ematically cruel mann] ( c>ry+ out ! de/ruction4 7#g7 ,i am unable to hold ! ,indian f>m] responsible = ! det]ioration 9 cotton culture4 ,! :ole inc5tive 0 tak5 away :5 h&-sp9n+ 0 de/roy$4 ,! ,/ate nev] c>$ = ! cultivator4 7#h7 ,my activity1 ,i am pr\d to ?9k1 has already turn$ ! cultivator's att5tion to ! improvem5t ( cotton4 ,! arti/ic s5se ( ! nation w insi/ on f9e c\nts = :i* long /aple is a necessity4 ,cotton culture by itself _c solve ! problem ( ,india's pov]ty4 ,= x w /ill leave ! "q ( en=c$ idl5ess unt\*$4 7#i7 ,i !re=e claim = ! ,*>kha ! hon\r ( be+ able to solve ! problem ( economic di/ress 9 a mo/ natural1 simple1 unexp5sive & bus9ess-l mann]4 ,! ,*>kha1 !re=e1 is n only n useless z ! writ] ignorantly sugge/s1 b x is a useful & indisp5sable article = e home4 ,x is ! symbol ( ! nation's prosp]ity & !re=e1 fre$om4 ,x is a symbol n ( comm]cial w> b ( comm]cial peace4 ,x be>s n a message ( ill-w t[>ds ! nations ( ! e>? b ( good-w & self-help4 ,x w n ne$ ! protection ( a navy ?reat5+ a _w's peace & exploit+ its res\rces1 b x ne$s ! religi\s det]m9ation ( millions to sp9 _! y>n 9 _! own homes z to-day !y cook _! food 9 _! own homes4 ,i may des]ve ! curses ( po/]ity = _m mi/akes ( omission & commission b ,i am confid5t ( e>n+ its bless+s = sugge/+ a revival ( ! ,*>kha4 ,i /ake my all on x4 ,= e revolution ( ! :eel sp9s peace1 good-w & love4 ,& ) all t1 inasmu* z ! loss ( x br\ght ab\t ,india's slav]y1 its volunt>y revival ) all its implications mu/ mean ,india's fre$om4 ,y4 ,i4--#h? ,dec4 #aiba4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,boycott ,,=eign ,,clo? ,x is ne$less to say at ?is "t ( ! day1 t ! propos$ boycott ( =eign clo? is n a v9dictive measure1 b is z necess>y = national exi/5ce z brea? is = life4 ,! quick]1 !re=e1 x c be br\ght ab\t1 ! bett] = ! c\ntry4 ,)\t x1 ,sw>aj _c be e/abli%$ or reta9$ aft] e/abli%m5t4 ,x is ( ! highe/ importance to "k h[ x c be br\ght ab\t ev5 be=e ! fir/ day ( ,augu/ next4 ,to arrive at ! boycott quickly1 x is necess>y 7#a7 = ! mill-own]s to regulate _! pr(its & to manufacture pr9cipally = ! ,indian m>ket1 7#b7 = import]s to cease to buy =eign goods4 ,a beg9n+ has already be5 made by ?ree pr9cipal m]*ants1 7#c7 = ! consum]s to refuse to buy any =eign clo? & to buy ,khadi :]ev] possible1 7#d7 = ! consum]s to we> only ,khadi clo?1 mill clo? be+ reta9$ = ! poor :o d n "k ! di/9ction betwe5 ,swade%i & ,p>de%i1 7#e7 = ! consum]s to use1 till ,sw>aj is e/abli%$ & ,khadi manufacture increas$1 ,khadi j en\gh = cov]+ ! body1 7#f7 = ! consum]s to de/roy ,p>de%i clo?1 z !y w\ld de/roy intoxicat+ liquors on tak+ ! v[ ( ab/95ce1 or to sell x = use abroad1 or to we> x out = all dirty "w or dur+ private h\rs4 ,x is to be hop$ t all ! p>ties ref]r$ to 9 ! =ego+ clauses w respond well & simultane\sly4 ,b 9 ! end success dep5ds ^u ! p]si/5t det]m9ation ( ! consum]4 ,he has simply to decl9e to we> ! badge ( 8 slav]y4 ,abus+ ! khadd>--,a fri5d draws att5tion to ! fact t _m :o h adopt$ ! khadd> co/ume are us+ x z a passport = arrogance1 insol5ce1 &1 :at is worse1 fraud4 ,he says t !y h nei!r ! _s ( non-co-op]ation 9 !m nor ! _s ( tru?4 ,!y simply use ! khadd> dress z a cloak = _! deceit4 ,all ?is is likely1 especially dur+ ! transition /age1 i4e41 :il/ khadd> is beg9n+ to become fa%ionable4 ,i w\ld only sugge/ to my correspond5t t su* abuse ( khadd> mu/ n ev5 unconsci\sly be all[$ to be us$ z an argum5t aga9/ its use4 ,its use to-day is obligatory on ^? :o believe t !re is n suffici5t ,indian mill-made clo? to supply ! wants ( ! nation1 t ! wants mu/ be suppli$ 9 ! quicke/ way possible by increas+ home manufacture1 & t su* manufacture is possible only by mak+ home-sp9n+ univ]sal4 ,! use ( khadd> repres5ts no?+ m ?an a mo/ practical recognition ( ! greate/ economic necessity ( ! c\ntry4 ,ev5 a sc\ndrel may recognise ?is necessity1 & has !re=e a p]fect "r to we> x4 ,& if a ,gov]nm5t spy wore x to deceive p1 ,i w\ld welcome 8 use ( khadd> z s mu* economic ga9 to ! c\ntry4 ,only ,i w\ld n give ! we>] ( ! khadd> m ?an 8 due4 ,& ,i w\ld !re=e n ascribe to him any piety or special virtue4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t co-op]ationi/s or gov]nm5t s]vants may we> khadd> )\t incurr+ ! dang] ( be+ mi/ak5 = non-co-op]ationi/s4 ,we may no m %un khadd>1 ?an a dev\t *ur*-go] may r5\nce 8 *ur* because bad *>act]s g to x = dup+ gullible p4 ,i recall ! "n ( an ,m4 ,p4 :o successfully cloak$ _m ( 8 vices by pret5d+ to be a /aun* temp]ance man4 ,n v long ago a bold & unscrupul\s speculator f\nd entry into mo/ respectable circles by becom+ a temp]ance advocate4 ,well has a poet said t 'hypocricy is an ode to virtue4' ,"s 'ifs'--,if y are a weav] feel+ = ! c\ntry1 ! ,khilafat & ! ,punjab1 7#a7 ,y %\ld weave only h&-spun y>n1 & *>ge s z to give y a liv+4 ,y %\ld ov]come all ! difficulties ( siz+ & adju/+ y\r loom to ! requirem5ts ( co>se y>n4 7#b7 ,if y _c possibly tackle h&-spun y>n = w>p1 y mu/ use ,indian mill-spun y>n = x & use h&-spun = wo(4 7#c7 ,:]e ev5 ! second alt]native is n possible1 y %\ld use mill-spun y>n = bo? w>p & wo(4 ,b y %\ld h5ce=? cease to use any =eign y>n1 :e!r x is silk or cotton4 ,if y are a ,congress (ficial or work]1 y %\ld get hold ( ! weav]s )9 y\r jurisdiction1 & place ! =ego+ propositions be=e !m = acceptance & help !m to ! be/ ( y\r ability4 ,if y are a buy]1 insi/ ^u ! fir/ class ( clo?1 b if y h n ! s5se or ! c\rage to d s1 take up ! second or ! ?ird1 b on no acc\nt pur*ase =eign clo? or clo? wov5 9 ,india b made ( =eign y>n4 ,if y are a h\sehold]1 7#a7 ,y %\ld make a fix$ det]m9ation h5ce=? n to buy any =eign clo?4 7#b7 ,y %\ld int]view ! weav] 9 y\r neighb\rhood1 & get him to weave = y en\gh khadi out ( home-spun & fail+ t to weave out ( ,indian mill-spun y>n4 7#c7 ,y %\ld deliv] to ! ,congress ,committee all y\r =eign clo? = de/ruction or s5d+ to ,smyrna or else:]e outside ,india4 7#d7 ,if y h n ! c\rage to give up y\r =eign clo?1 y may we> x out at home = all dirty "w1 b nev] g out 9 =eign clo?4 7#e7 ,if y h any leisure1 y %\ld devote x to le>n+ ! art ( sp9n+ ev51 prop]ly-twi/$ y>n = ! sake ( ! nation4 ,if y are a s*oolboy or s*oolgirl1 y %\ld consid] x a s9 to receive lit]>y tra9+1 be=e y h spun1 c>d$ or wov5 = ! nation = at lea/ f\r h\rs p] day till ! e/abli%m5t ( ,sw>aj4 ,y4 ,i4--#f? ,july #aiba4 ,,sp9n+ ,,! ,,music ,,( ,,! ,,sp9n+ ,,:eel ,sl[ly b surely ! music ( p]haps ! mo/ anci5t ma*9e ( ,india is once m p]meat+ society4 ,p&it ,malaviyaji has /at$ t he is n go+ to be satisfi$ until ! ,ranis & ! ,mah>anis ( ,india sp9 y>n = ! nation1 & ! ,ranas & ! ,mah>anas sit beh9d ! h&looms & weave clo? = ! nation4 ,!y h ! example ( ,aurangzeb :o made 8 own caps4 ,a great] emp]or--,kabir--0 himself a weav] & has immortalis$ ! art 9 8 poems4 ,! que5s ( ,europe1 be=e ,europe 0 caught 9 ,satan's trap1 spun y>n & consid]$ x a noble call+4 ,! v words1 sp9/] & wife1 prove ! anci5t dignity ( ! art ( sp9n+ & weav+4 ',:5 ,adam delv$ & ,eve span1 :o 0 !n a g5tleman1' also rem9ds "o ( ! same fact4 ,well may ,p&itji hope to p]suade ! royalty ( ,india to return to ! anci5t call+ ( ?is sacr$ l& ( ours4 ,n on ! clatt] ( arms dep5ds ! revival ( h] prosp]ity & true indep5d5ce4 ,x dep5ds mo/ l>gely ^u re-introduction1 9 e home1 ( ! music ( ! sp9n+ :eel4 ,x gives sweet] music & is m pr(itable ?an ! execrable h>monium1 conc]t9a & ! accordian4 ,:il/ ,p&itji is endeav\r+ 9 8 inimitably suave mann] to p]suade ! ,indian royalty to take up ! sp9n+ :eel1 ,%rimati ,s>ala ,devi ,*audhrani1 :o is h]self a memb] ( ! ,indian nobility1 has le>nt ! art & has ?r[n h]self he>t & s\l into ! movem5t4 ,f all ! acc\nts receiv$ f h] & o!rs1 ,swade%i has become a passion ) h]4 ,%e says %e feels uncom=table 9 h] musl9 s>is & is cont5t to we> h] khadd> s>is ev5 9 ! hot wea!r4 ,h] khadd> s>is cont9ue to prea* true ,swade%i m eloqu5tly ?an h] tongue4 ,%e has spok5 to audi5ces 9 ,amrits>1 ,ludhiana & else:]e & has succe$$ 9 enli/+ ! s]vices1 = h] ,sp9n+ ,committee at ,amrits>1 ( ,mrs4 ,ratan*& & ,bugga ,*[dhry & ! fam\s ,ratan ,devi :o dur+ ! frightful night ( ! #ac? ,april despite ! ,curfew ,ord] ( ,g5]al ,dy] sat1 all alone 9 ! mid/ ( ! hundr$s ( ! dead & dy+1 ) h] dead husb&'s cold head 9 h] lap4 ,i v5ture to t5d] my congratulations to ^! ladies4 ,may !y f9d solace 9 ! music ( ! sp9n+ :eel & 9 ! ?\ght t !y are do+ national "w4 ,i hope t ! o!r ladies ( ,amrits> w help ,s>ala ,devi 9 h] ef=ts & t ! m5 ( ,amrits> w realise _! own duty 9 ! matt]4 ,9 ,bombay ! read]s are aw>e t ladies ( not$ families h already tak5 up sp9n+4 ,_! ranks h be5 jo9$ by ,dr4 ,mrs4 ,manekbai ,bahud>ji :o has already le>nt ! art & :o is n[ try+ to introduce x 9 ! ,sevasadan4 ,h] ,highness ! ,begum ,saheba ( ,janjira & h] si/] ,mrs4 ,atia ,begum ,rahiman1 h also und]tak5 to le>n ! art4 ,i tru/ t ^! good ladies w1 hav+ le>nt sp9n+1 religi\sly contribute to ! nation _! daily quota ( y>n4 ,i "k t !re are fri5ds :o laugh at ?is attempt to revive ?is great art4 ,!y rem9d me t 9 ^! days ( mills1 sew+ ma*9es or typewrit]s1 only a lunatic c hope to succe$ 9 reviv+ ! ru/icat$ sp9n+ :eel4 ,^! fri5ds =get t ! ne$le has n yet giv5 place to ! sew+ ma*9e nor has ! h& lo/ its cunn+ 9 spite ( ! typewrit]4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ reason :y ! sp9n+ :eel may n co-exi/ ) ! sp9n+ mill ev5 z ! dome/ic kit*5 co-exi/s ) ! hotels4 ,inde$ typewrit]s & sew+ ma*9es may g1 b ! ne$le & ! re$ p5 w survive4 ,! mills may suff] de/ruction4 ,! sp9n+ :eel is a national necessity4 ,i w\ld ask sceptics to g to ! _m poor homes :]e ! sp9n+ :eel is aga9 supplem5t+ _! sl5d] res\rces & ask ! inmates :e!r ! sp9n+ :eel has n br\ght joy to _! homes4 ,?ank ,god1 ! rew>d issu$ by ,mr4 ,rewa%ank] ,jagjiwan bids fair to be> fruit4 ,9 a %ort "t ,india w possess a r5ovat$ sp9n+ :eel--a wond]ful inv5tion ( a pati5t ,deccan artisan4 ,x is made out ( simple mat]ials4 ,!re is no great complication ab\t x4 ,x w be *eap & capable ( be+ easily m5d$4 ,x w give m y>n ?an ! ord9>y :eel & is capable ( be+ work$ by a five ye>s old boy or girl4 ,b :e!r ! new ma*9e proves :at x claims to be or x does n1 ,i feel conv9c$ t ! revival ( h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+ w make ! l>ge/ contribution to ! economic & ! moral reg5]ation ( ,india4 ,! millions mu/ h a simple indu/ry to supplem5t agriculture4 ,sp9n+ 0 ! cottage indu/ry ye>s ago & if ! millions are to be sav$ f />vation1 !y mu/ be enabl$ to re9troduce sp9n+ 9 _! homes1 & e village mu/ repossess its own weav]4 ,y4 ,i4--#ba/ ,july #aibj4 ,,h&looms ,,or ,,p[]mills8 ,:5ev] an attempt has be5 made1 z x is be+ made to-day1 to enc\rage ! use & production ( h&-spun & h&-wov5 clo?1 _m h look$ askance :e!r x is int5d$ 9 ?is age ( me*anical indu/rialism to supplant ! latt] by m$ieval h&looms4 ,! issue is plac$ betwe5 ! h& p[] & ! p[] mill4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,janmabhumi falls into ?is common error4 ,app>5tly agitat$ at ! idea ( reviv+ ! home indu/ries1 he exclaims1 ,! real "q = consid]ation ) u or ) any p to-day is n :e!r ! h&loom w or w n be able to hold its own aga9/ ! p[] loom1 or :e!r x _c fe$ millions ( families or clo! millions m 9 home-made dress2 b :i* w contribute to ! economic & political p[] ( a nation or c\ntry1 :e!r x is ! h&loom or ! p[]-mill8 ,h&icrafts or ma*9e indu/ries--t is ! real issue4 ,x is n q cle> f ! above :at ! notions ( ! correspond5t are ab\t ! economic & political p[] ( ?is c\ntry4 ,we _c imag9e him to s]i\sly believe--?\gh 8 argum5t runs z if he does--t t p[] c be a*iev$ )\t fe$+ & clo?+ ! millions ( our half-/>v+ & half-nak$ m51 wom5 & *ildr54 ,! political & economic p[] ( a nation dep5ds ev5 9 ?is age ( me*anical indu/rialism1 n on its p[]ful ma*9es b on its p[]ful m54 ,g]many 0 equipp$ ) ! be/ & mo/ p[]ful & mod]n ma*9]y1 b x fail$ because at ! la/ mom5t ! p[] ( its nation fail$4 ,we want to organise our national p[]4 ,?is c be done n by adopt+ ! be/ me?ods ( production only b by ! be/ me?od ( bo? ! production & ! di/ribution4 ,production t is ! manufacture ( clo? 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance c be br\ght ab\t 9 two ways2 7#a7 by e/abli%+ new mills & increas+ ! output or produc+ capacity ( ea* mill & 7#b7 by increas+ ! numb] ( h&-looms & improv+ !m4 ,all ^! activities c g toge!r4 ,! notion ( a competition betwe5 ! h&-loom & ! p[] mill has be5 %[n by su* an em95t economi/ z ,pr(4 ,radha ,kamal ,muk]jea to be altoge!r wrong4 ,says ,mr4 ,muk]jea 9 8 ,f\ndations ( ,indian ,economics3 ,! h&-loom does n compete ) ! mill1 x supplem5ts x 9 ! foll[+ way3 7#a7 ,x produces special k9ds ( goods :i* _c be wov5 9 ! mills4 7#b7 ,x utilizes y>n bel[ & above c]ta9 c\nts :i* _c at pres5t be us$ on ! p[]-mill4 7#c7 ,x w consume ! surplus /ock ( ,indian sp9n+ mills :i* ne$ n !n be s5t out ( ! c\ntry4 7#d7 ,be+ ma9ly a village-indu/ry1 x supplies ! local dem&1 at ! same "t gives employm5t to small capitali/s1 weav]s & o!r village workm5 & 7#e7 la/ly x w supply ! long-felt want (1 & hone/ field (1 "w & livelihood = educat$ ,indians4 ,b ev5 ?is is n all t c be said 9 fav\r ( h&-loom indu/ry4 ,mill indu/ry no d\bt c be a p[]ful aid to ! promotion ( ,swade%i4 ,b ap>t f ! bitt] /ruggle1 /rife & demoralisation ( ! capitali/ & ! workman 7z expla9$ by ! em95t s*ol>1 adm9i/rator & economi/1 ! late ,mr4 ,rome% ,*undra ,dutt7 x has l$ to1 ! "q is3 ,c x solve ! problem :i* pure ,swade%i is design$ & s\ght to d & :i* arises only because ( its ab&onm5t8 ,e writ] ( note on ! indu/ries ( ,india1 :atev] 8 ideas & conclusions ab\t ! future ( ,indian ,indu/rialism may be1 has %[n t !re 0 a "t & t 0 ev5 till ! ,e>ly ,briti% ,rule 9 ,india--:]e sp9n+ & weav+1 only next to agriculture1 7 ! great national indu/ries ( ,india1 :5 all ! cotton 0 spun by h& & e portion ( ! "w 0 done by ! f>m+ population :i* augm5t$ its res\rces by sp9n+ & weav+4 ,mr4 ,dutt has giv5 extracts f ! /ati/ical obs]vations ( ,dr4 ,francis ,bu*anan's economic enquiries 9 ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn ,india1 conduct$ betwe5 #agih & #ahad4 ,!y %[ h[ _m hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( our m51 wom5 & *ildr5 work$ on ?is indu/ry--mo/ly 9 _! leisure "t--ea* day & e>n$ crores ( rupees annually4 ,h[ our home-indu/ries came to ! sad plight !y are 9 to-day is an op5 secret1 admitt$ by all au?orities & ne$ n be repeat$ "h4 ,suffice x to say t ! problem to-day is n to br+ ab\t t political & economic re-organisation ( our c\ntry1 :i* di/urbs ! ,we/ to-day--an organisation :i* has l$ to ! break+ up ( ! society by ceaseless /ruggles1 bitt]ness & rupture betwe5 ,capital & ,lab\r4 ,we want to "w out ! real political & economic reg5]ation ( ! c\ntry by ,swade%i4 ,& ! problem ( ! ,swade%i is ! problem ( #hj p] c5t4 ( our population :o sp5d m ?an six mon?s ( ! ye> 9 en=c$ idl5ess1 ek+1 ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 a mis]able1 half-/>v+ & half-nak$ exi/5ce4 ,we mu/ f9d out suitable "w = !m dur+ _! idle h\rs4 ,we mu/ make !m a real asset & p[] to ! nation4 ,pure ,swade%i alone c d x4 ,y4 ,i4--#bh? ,july #aibj4 ,,h&-,,sp9n+ ,,& ,,h&-,,weav+ ,"s p spurn ! idea ( mak+ 9 ?is age ( me*anism h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+ a national indu/ry1 b !y =get !re are millions ( _! c\ntrym5 9 ?is age :o1 = want ( suitable occupation1 are ek+ out a mo/ mis]able exi/5ce1 & ?\s&s :o die ( />vation & und]fe$+ e ye>1 :]eas only a hundr$ ye>s ago h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+ prov$ an insurance aga9/ a paup]'s dea?4 ,! ext5t to :i* relief 0 provid$ by ?is indu/ry is record$ by ,mr4 ,dutt 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,india3 ,victorian age f ! inve/igations conduct$ by ,dr4 ,bu*anan = sev5 ye>s1 #ahac-ahbj4 ,dr4 ,bu*anan travell$ ?r\gh\t ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,& 8 obs]vations & /ati/ics conv9c$ him t next to agriculture1 h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+ 7 ! great national indu/ries4 ,we make no apology = giv+ "s ( ! facts & figures collect$ by ,dr4 ,bu*anan3 ,9 ! di/ricts ( ,patna & ,beh> ) a population ( #c1cfd1dbj s\ls1 ! numb] ( sp9n]s 0 #ccj1dbf4 ,by f> ! great] "p ( ^!1 obs]v$ ,dr4 ,bu*anan1 sp9 only a few h\rs 9 ! aft]noon1 & ^u ! av]age e/imate ! :ole value ( ! ?read t ea* sp9s 9 a ye> is wor? ,rs4 #g-b-h giv+ a total annual income ( ,rs4 #bc1fg1bgg & by a simil> calculation ! raw mat]ial at ! retail price w am\nt to ,rs4 #ab1hf1bgb1 leav+ a pr(it ( ,rs4 #aj1ha1jje = ! sp9n]s or ,rs4 #c-d-j p] sp9n]4444 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,%ahbad1 sp9n+ 0 ! *ief indu/ry4 #aei1ejj wom5 7 employ$ 9 sp9n+ & spun y>n to ! value ( ,rs4 #ab1ej1jjj a ye>4 ,d$uct+ ! value ( cotton ea* woman _h "s ?+ left to h] to add to ! income ( ! family to :i* %e belong$4 ,9 ! ,bhagalpur di/rict 7) a population ( #b1jai1ijj7 :]e all ca/es 7 p]mitt$ to sp91 #afj1jjj wom5 sp5t a "p ( _! "t 9 sp9n+ & ea* made an annual income ( ,rs4 #d-a_/b aft] d$uct+ ! co/ ( cotton4 ,?is 0 add$ to ! family income4 ,9 ! ,gorakhpur di/rict 7population #a1che1die7 #age1fjj wom5 f\nd employm5t 9 sp9n+ & made an annual income ( ,rs4 #b-a_/b p] head4 ,9 ! ,d9japur di/rict 7) a population ( #cjj1jjj7 cotton-sp9n+ :i* 0 ! pr9cipal manufacture occupi$ ! leisure h\rs '( all wom5 ( high] rank & ( ! great] "p ( ! f>m]s' wives4' ,?ree rupees 0 ! annual income ea* woman made by sp9n+ 9 h] aft]noon h\rs4 ,9 ! ,purniya di/rict 7population #b1ijd1chj7 all ca/es consid]$ sp9n+ hon\rable & a v l>ge population ( wom5 ( ! di/rict did "s sp9n+ 9 _! leisure h\rs4 ,9 ea/]n ,mysore wom5 ( all ca/es except ,brahmans b\ght cotton & wool at weekly m>kets1 spun at home1 & sold ! ?read to weav]s4 ,m5 & wom5 ?us f\nd a pr(itable occupation4 ,9 ,coimbatore1 ! wives ( all ! l[ class cultivators 7 great sp9n]s4 ,! /ati/ics ( weav]s %[ t !y also 7 z num]\s z ! sp9n]s4 ,9 ! ,patna city & ,beh> di/rict1 ! total numb] ( looms employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( *add>s & table clo?s 0 #gej1 & ! value ( ! annual manufactures 0 ,rs4 #e1dj1jjj leav+ a pr(it ( ,rs4 #ha1djj1 d$uct+ ! value ( ?read4 ,?is gave a pr(it ( ,rs4 #ajh = ea* loom work$ by ?ree p]sons or an income ( ,rs4 #cf a ye> = ea* p]son4 ,b ! great] "p ( ! clo?-weav]s made co>se clo? = c\ntry use to ! value ( ,rs4 #bd1chf1fba aft] d$uct+ ! co/ ( ?read4 ,?is gave a pr(it ( ,rs4 #bh = ea* loom4 ,9 ,%ahabad weav]s work$ 9 cotton only4 #g1jbe h\ses ( weav]s work$ 9 cotton & _h #g1iej looms4 ,ea* loom made an annual income ( ,rs4 #bj-c_/d a ye> & ea* loom requir$ ! lab\r ( a man & 8 wife z well z "o boy or girl4 ,b z a family c\ld n be support$ = less ?an ,rs4 #dh a ye>1 ,dr4 ,bu*anan suspect$ t ! income ( ea* loom giv5 above 0 und]/at$4 ,9 ! ,bhagalpur di/rict "s work$ 9 silk alone4 ,a great _m ne> ! t[n made ,tas> fabrics ( silk & cotton int]mix$2 #c1bge looms 7 s employ$ t ! annual pr(it ( ea* weav] employ$ 9 ! mix$ silk & cotton indu/ry 0 calculat$ to be ,rs4 #df besides :at ! woman made4 ,= ! weav+ ( cotton-clo?1 !re 7 #g1bgi looms4 ,ea* loom yield$ a pr(it ( ,rs4 #bj a ye>4 ,b by ano!r calculation1 ,dr4 ,bu*anan e/imat$ x to be ,rs4 #cb a ye>4 ,9 ! ,gorakhpur di/rict !re 7 #e1dcd families ( weav]s possess+ #f1agd looms & ea* loom br\ght an income ( ,rs4 #bc-a_/b4 ,dr4 ,bu*anan ?\ght ?is 0 too l[ an e/imate & believ$ t ea* loom br\ght an income ( ,rs4 #hh 9 ! ye>4 ,9 ! ,dung>pur di/rict ,maldai clo? 0 manufactur$4 ,x consi/$ ( silk w>p & cotton wo(4 #d1jjj looms 7 employ$ 9 ?is "w & x 0 said t ea* loom made ,rs4 #bj wor? ( clo? 9 a mon?1 :i* ,dr4 ,bu*anan consid]$ too high an e/imate4 ,ab\t #hjj looms 7 employ$ 9 mak+ l>g] pieces 9 ! =m ( ,ela*is4 ,9 ! ,purniya di/rict weav]s 7 num]\s4444 ,9 ,ea/]n ,mysore cotton-weav]s made clo? = home-use z silk weav]s produc$ a /rong ri* fabric4 ,workm5 :o made clo? ) silk bord]s e>n$ ,z4 #f a day & ^? :o made silk clo? e>n$ ,z4 #d4 ,?us we see t crores ( rupees 7 e>n$ by ^! sp9n]s & weav]s by foll[+ _! noble & hone/ call+4 ,! dec5tralisation ( ! indu/ry--e village1 t[n & di/rict hav+ always at its comm& z mu* supply z x ne$$--automatically facilitat$ its di/ribution & sav$ ! consum] f ,railway ,excise & all sorts ( t>iffs & middlem5's pr(its t he is a victim to to-day4 ,if we _c return to ^! days--?\gh !re is no reason1 except our own bias & d\bt :y we %\ld n--c we n at lea/ s organise our indu/ries z to d away )\t mu* delay ) ! =eign clo? ) :i* our m>kets are be+ dump$ to-day8 ,y4 ,i4--#ae? ,sep4 #aibj4 ,,h&-,,sp9n+ ,,aga9 ,! ,s]vant ( ,india has a fl+ too at sp9n+ & t is bas$ z ,i %all pres5tly %[ on ignorance ( ! facts4 ,sp9n+ does protect a woman's virtue1 because x enables wom51 :o are to-day work+ on public roads & are (t5 9 dang] ( hav+ _! mode/y outrag$1 to protect !mselves1 & ,i "k no o!r occupation t lacs ( wom5 c foll[ save sp9n+4 ,let me in=m ! je/+ writ] t sev]al wom5 h already return$ to ! sanctity ( _! homes & tak5 to sp9n+ :i* !y say is ! "o occupation :i* means s mu* b>kat 7bless+74 ,i claim = x ! prop]ties ( a musical in/rum5t1 = :il/ a hungry & a nak$ woman w refuse to dance to ! accompanim5t ( a piano1 ,i h se5 wom5 beam+ ) joy to see ! sp9n+ :eel "w1 = !y "k t !y c ?r\gh t ru/ic in/rum5t bo? fe$ & clo! !mselves4 ,yes1 x does solve ! problem ( ,india's *ronic pov]ty & is an insurance aga9/ fam9e4 ,! writ] ( ! je/s may n "k ! sc&als t ,i "k ab\t irrigation & relief works4 ,^! works are l>gely a fraud4 ,b if my wise c\nsellors w devote !mselves to introduc+ ! :eel 9 e home1 ,i promise t ! :eel w be an almo/ complete protection aga9/ fam9e4 ,x is idle to cite ,au/ria4 ,i admit ! pov]ty & limitations ( my humanity4 ,i c only ?9k ( ,india's ,kamadh5u1 & ! sp9n+ :eel is t = ,india4 ,= ,india _h ! sp9n+ :eel 9 e home be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,india be+ a cotton gr[+ c\ntry1 x mu/ be consid]$ a crime to import a s+le y>d ( y>n f outside4 ,! figures quot$ by ! writ] are irrelevant4 ,! fact is t 9 spite ( ! manufacture ( #fb4g crores p\nds ( y>n 9 #aiag-ah ,india import$ sev]al crore y>ds ( =eign y>n :i* 7 wov5 by ! mills z well z ! weav]s4 ,! writ] does n also seem to "k t m clo? is to-day wov5 by our weav]s ?an by mills1 b ! bulk ( x is =eign y>n & !re=e our weav]s are support+ =eign sp9n]s4 ,i w\ld n m9d x mu* if we 7 do+ some?+ else in/ead4 ,:5 sp9n+ 0 almo/ compulsorily /opp$ no?+ replac$ x save slav]y & idl5ess4 ,our mills _c to-day sp9 en\gh = our wants1 & if !y did1 !y w n keep d[n prices unless !y 7 compell$4 ,!y are frankly money-mak]s & w n !re=e regulate prices accord+ to ! ne$s ( ! nations4 ,h&-sp9n+ is !re=e design$ to put millions ( rupees 9 ! h&s ( poor villag]s4 ,e agricultural c\ntry requires a supplem5t>y indu/ry to enable ! peasants to utilise ! sp>e h\rs4 ,su* indu/ry = ,india has always be5 sp9n+4 ,is x su* a vision>y ideal--an attempt to revive an anci5t occupation ^: de/ruction has br\ght on slav]y1 paup]ism & disappe>ance ( ! inimitable arti/ic tal5ts :i* 0 once all express$ 9 ! wond]ful fabric ( ,india & :i* 0 ! envy ( ! _w8 ,& n[ a few figures4 ,"o boy c\ld1 if he work$ say f\r h\rs daily1 sp9 #a_/d lb4 ( y>n4 #fd1jjj /ud5ts w\ld1 !re=e1 sp9 #af1jjj lbs4 p] day1 & !re=e fe$ #h1jjj weav]s if a weav] wove two lbs4 ( h&-spun y>n4 ,b ! /ud5ts & o!rs are requir$ to sp9 dur+ ?is ye> ( purification by way ( p5ance 9 ord] to popul>ise sp9n+ & to add to ! manufacture ( h&-spun y>n s z to ov]take full manufacture dur+ ! curr5t ye>4 ,! nation may be too lazy to d x4 ,b if all put _! h&s to ?is "w1 x is incr$ibly easy1 x involves v little sacrifice & saves an annual dra9 ( sixty crores ev5 if x does no?+ else4 ,i h discuss$ ! matt] ) _m mill-own]s1 sev]al economi/s1 m5 ( bus9ess & no "o has yet be5 able to *all5ge ! position h]e9 set =?4 ,i d expect ! ',s]vant ( ,india' to treat a s]i\s subject ) s]i\sness & accuracy ( in=mation4 ,y4 ,i4--#af? ,feb4 #aiba4 ,a ,,plea ,,= ,,sp9n+ ,a det]m9$ opposition 0 put up aga9/ ! conditions reg>d+ ,swade%i t 7 laid d[n 9 ! civil disob$i5ce resolution pass$ by ! ,all-,india ,congress ,committee at ,delhi4 ,x 0 direct$ aga9/ two requirem5ts1 namely1 t ! civil resi/] (f]+ resi/ance 9 t]ms ( t resolution 0 b\nd to "k h&-sp9n+ & use only h&-spun & h&-wov5 khadi2 & t 9 ! ev5t ( a di/rict or tahsil (f]+ civil disob$i5ce en masse ! di/rict or ! tahsil conc]n$ mu/ manufacture its own y>n & clo? by ! h&4 ,! opposition betray$ woeful ignorance ( ! importance ( h&-sp9n+4 ,no?+ b h&-sp9n+ c bani% paup]ism f ! l&4 ,paup]s _c become will+ suff]]s4 ,!y h nev] kn[n ! pa9 ( pl5ty to appreciate ! happ9ess ( volunt>ily suff]+ hung] or o!r bodily discom=t4 ,sw>aj = !m c only mean ability to support !mselves )\t begg+4 ,to awak5 among !m a feel+ ( discont5t ) _! lot )\t provid+ !m ) ! means ( remov+ ! cause !re( is to c\rt c]ta9 de/ruction1 an>*y1 outrage & plund] 9 :i* !y !mselves w be ! *ief victims4 ,h&-sp9n+ alone c possibly supply !m ) supplem5t>y & additional e>n+s4 ,h&-weav+ = _m & c>d+ = a limit$ numb] c provide complete livelihood4 ,b h&-weav+ is n a lo/ art4 ,sev]al million m5 "k h&-weav+4 ,b v few "k h&-sp9n+ 9 ! true s5se ( ! t]m4 ,t5s ( ?\s&s are1 x is true1 turn+ ! :eel to-day b only a few are sp9n+ y>n4 ,! cry all ov] is t h&-spun y>n is n good en\gh = w>p4 ,j z half-bak$ bread is no bread1 ev5 s ill-spun weak ?read is no y>n4 ,?\s&s ( m5 mu/ "k h&-sp9n+ to be able 9 _! respective di/ricts to improve ! quality ( ! y>n t is n[ be+ spun 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!re=e ^? :o (f] civil disob$i5ce = ! sake ( e/abli%+ ,sw>aj mu/ "k h&-sp9n+4 ,m>k1 !y are n requir$ to turn out y>n e day4 ,x w\ld be well if !y did4 ,b !y mu/ "k h[ to sp9 ev5 prop]ly twi/$ y>n4 ,x 0 a happy om5 to me1 t 9 spite ( ! opposition ! am5dm5t 0 reject$ by a l>ge majority4 ,"o argum5t advanc$ 9 fav\r ( rejection 01 t ! ,sikh m5 consid]$ x an undignifi$ occupation to sp9 & look$ d[n ^u h&-weav+4 ,i d hope t ! s5tim5t is n repres5tative ( ! brave community4 ,any community t despises occupations t br+ an hone/ livelihood is a community go+ d[n an incl9e4 ,if sp9n+ has be5 ! speciality ( wom51 x is because !y h m leisure & n because x is an inf]ior occupation4 ,! und]ly+ sugge/ion t a wield] ( ! sword w n wield ! :eel is to take a di/ort$ view ( a soldi]'s call+4 ,a man :o lives by ! sword does n s]ve 8 community ev5 z ! soldi]s 9 ! employ ( ! ,gov]nm5t d n s]ve ! c\ntry4 ,! wield+ ( ! sword is an unnatural occupation resort$ to among civiliz$ p only on extraord9>y occasions & only = self-def5ce4 ,to live by h&-sp9n+ & h&-weav+ is any day m manly ?an to live by kill+4 ,aurangzeb 0 n ! less a soldi] = sew+ caps4 ,:at we prize 9 ! ,sikhs is n _! ability to kill4 ,! late ,s>d> ,la*man ,s+h w g d[n to po/]ity z a h]o1 because he knew h[ to die4 ,! ,mahant ( ,nankhana ,saheb w g d[n to po/]ity z a murd]]4 ,i hope !re=e t no man w decl9e to le>n ! beautiful life-giv+ art ( h&-sp9n+ on ! gr\nd ( its suppos$ inf]iority4 ,y4 ,i4--#aj? ,nov4 #aiba4 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,,sp9n+ ,9 ,! ,secret ( ,sw>aj ,i h endeav\r$ to %[ :at home sp9n+ means = our c\ntry4 ,9 any curriculum ( ! future1 sp9n+ mu/ be a compulsory subject4 ,j z we _c live )\t brea?+ & )\t eat+1 s is x impossible = u to atta9 economic indep5d5ce & bani% paup]ism f ?is anci5t l& )\t reviv+ home-sp9n+4 ,i hold ! sp9n+ :eel to be z mu* a necessity 9 e h\sehold z ! he>?4 ,no o!r s*eme t c be devis$ w ev] solve ! problem ( ! deep5+ pov]ty ( ! p4 ,h[ !n c sp9n+ be introduc$ 9 e home8 ,i h already sugge/$ ! introduction ( sp9n+ & sy/ematic production ( y>n 9 e national s*ool4 ,once our boys & girls h le>nt ! art !y c easily c>ry x to _! homes4 ,b ?is requires organisation4 ,a sp9n+ :eel mu/ be work$ = twelve h\rs p] day4 ,a practis$ sp9n] c sp9 two tolas & a half p] h\r4 ,! price t is be+ paid at pres5t is on an av]age f\r annas p] =ty tolas or "o p\nd ( y>n i4e41 "o pice p] h\r4 ,ea* :eel !re=e %\ld give ?ree annas p] day4 ,a /rong "o co/s sev5 rupees4 ,work+1 !re=e1 at ! rate ( twelve h\rs p] day x c pay = itself 9 less ?an #ch days4 ,i h giv5 en\gh figures to "w ^u4 ,any "o work+ at !m w f9d ! results to be />tl+4 ,if e s*ool introduc$ sp9n+1 x w\ld revolutionize our ideas ( f9anc+ education4 ,we c "w a s*ool = six h\rs p] day & give free education to ! pupils4 ,suppos+ a boy works at ! :eel = f\r h\rs daily1 he w produce e day #aj tolas ( y>n & ?us e>n = 8 s*ool "o anna p] day4 ,suppose fur!r t he manufactures v little dur+ ! fir/ mon?1 & t ! s*ool works only tw5ty six days 9 ! mon?4 ,he c e>n aft] ! fir/ mon? ,rs4 #a-aj p] mon?4 ,a class ( ?irty boys w\ld yield1 aft] ! fir/ mon?1 an income ( ,rs4 #dh-ab p] mon?4 ,i h said no?+ ab\t lit]>y tra9+4 ,x c be giv5 dur+ ! two h\rs out ( ! six4 ,x is easy to see t e s*ool c be made self support+ )\t mu* ef=t & ! nation c engage exp]i5c$ tea*]s = its s*ools4 ,! *ief difficulty 9 work+ out ! s*eme is ! sp9n+ :eel4 ,we require ?\s&s ( :eels if ! art becomes popul>4 ,=tunately1 e village c>p5t] c easily con/ruct ! ma*9e4 ,x is a s]i\s mi/ake to ord] !m f ! ,a%ram or any o!r place4 ,! beauty ( sp9n+ is t x is incr$ibly simple1 easily le>nt1 & c be *eaply introduc$ 9 e village4 ,! c\rse sugge/$ by me is int5d$ only = ?is ye> ( purification & probation4 ,:5 normal times are rea*$ & ,sw>aj is e/abli%$ "o h\r only may be giv5 to sp9n+ & ! re/ to lit]>y tra9+4 ,y4 ,i4--#bnd ,feb4 #aiba4 ,,! ,,duty ,,( ,,sp9n+ ,speak+ at a mon/] meet+ ( /ud5ts held 9 ,mirzapur ,p>k1 ,calcutta1 ,mahatma ,g&hi appeal$ to !m to )draw f educational in/itutions4 ,9 ! c\rse ( t spee* he spoke on ! duty ( sp9n+1 :i* portion is pr9t$ "h4 ,our education has be5 ! mo/ defici5t 9 two ?+s4 ,^? :o fram$ our education code neglect$ ! tra9+ ( ! body & ! s\l4 ,y are receiv+ ! education ( ! s\l b ! v fact ( non-co-op]ation = non-co-op]ation is no?+ less & no?+ m ?an )draw+ f p>ticipation 9 ! evil t ?is ,gov]nm5t is do+ & cont9u+ to d4 ,& if we are )draw+ f evil consci5ti\sly1 delib]ately1 x means t we are walk+ ) our face t[>ds ,god4 ,t completes or beg9s ! s\l tra9+4 ,b see+ t our bodily education has be5 neglect$1 & see+ t ,india has become enslav$ because ,india =got ! sp9n+ :eel1 & because ,india sold h]self = a mess ( pottage1 ,i am n afraid to place be=e y1 ! "y m5 ( ,b5gal1 ! sp9n+ :eel = adoption4 ,& let a tra9+ 9 sp9n+ & production ( z mu* y>n z y c ev] d con/itute y\r ma9 purpose & y\r ma9 tra9+ dur+ ?is ye> ( probation4 ,let y\r ord9>y education comm5ce aft] ,sw>aj is e/abli%$1 b let e "y man1 & e girl1 ( ,b5gal consid] x to be _! sacr$ duty to devote all _! "t & en]gy to sp9n+4 ,i h drawn att5tion to ! p>allel1 t pres5ts itself be=e u1 f ! w>4 ,y4 ,i4--#bnd ,feb4 #aiba4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,*>ka ,! op5+ session ( ! ,national ,college1 ,calcutta1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 =m$ by ,srijuts ,*itt>anjan ,das1 ,jit5dralal ,ban]jee & o!r non-co-op]ation lead]s1 took place on ,friday ! #d? ,febru>y #aiba4 ,9 op5+ ?is ,college1 ,mahatma ,g&hi address$ ! /ud5ts & pr(essors1 f :i* ! foll[+ is cull$4 ,we h suffici5tly talk$ ab\t ,*>ka & h[ x is go+ to free ,india--h[ a nation t came ?r\gh ! ,*>ka to ?is c\ntry z trad]s1 m]*ants & travell]s settl$ !mselves d[n z rul]s ) our co-op]ation1 & h[ non-co-op]ation & by means ( t v ,indian ,*>ka !y w g back to _! own c\ntry if !y _c live z fell[-citiz5s 9 ,india4 ,!re are peoples :o say--h[ c y expect ! ,mahom$ans to be non-viol5t4 ,h[1 ,i d n want to speak out4 ,i want ! ,*>ka itself to speak out4 ,! :ole ,europe w "k :5 we place ^! ,*>kas 9 our mosques4 ,some?+ l #hjj ,*>kas _h be5 ord]$ = ! mosques s t ! p :o come !re %\ld be able to produce ,indian y>n ) :i* ,indian clo!s %\ld be wov5 by ,indian h&s 9 ,indian homes to clo! our nak$ness or at lea/ to provide home-spun %r\ds = u4 ,?us e revolution ( ! ,*>ka ,i c assure y1 w br+ ! success ( ?is bloodless revolution ! ne>] e day4 ,t is ! doctr9e ( ,*>ka4 ,!re=e ,i ask y to "w up ?is doctr9e :i* w be a great adv]tisem5t bo? ( our det]m9ation to w9 fre$om1 & if possible1 ?r\gh peaceful means4 ,if y are det]m9$ to h ! fre$om ( y\r c\ntry1 if y want to see ! cessation ( our slav]y 9 :i* we are liv+ = close ^u two c5turies1 x requires f y a peaceful battle--! battle ( ! ,*>ka4 ,y4 ,i4--#i? ,feb4 #aiba4 ,,! ,,message ,,( ,,! ,,*>ka ,! ,indian ,social ,re=m] has publi%$ a note f a correspond5t 9 praise ( ! sp9n+-:eel4 ,! correspond5t 9 ! c\rse ( 8 rem>ks hopes1 t ! movem5t w be s organis$ t ! sp9n]s may n we>y ( x4 ,mr4 ,amritlal ,?akk> 9 8 valuable note 7publi%$ 9 ! ,s]vant ( ,india7 on ! exp]im5t :i* he is conduct+ 9 ,ka?iawad1 says t ! *>kha has be5 tak5 up by ! peasant wom54 ,!y are n likely to we>y1 = to !m x is a s\rce ( livelihood to :i* !y 7 us$ be=e4 ,x _h dri$ up1 because !re 0 no dem& = _! y>n4 ,t[nspeople :o h tak5 to sp9n+ may we>y1 if !y h done s z a craze or a fa%ion4 ,^? only w be fai?ful1 :o consid] x _! duty to devote _! sp>e h\rs to do+ :at is to-day ! mo/ useful "w = ! c\ntry4 ,! ?ird class ( sp9n]s are ! s*ool-go+ *ildr54 ,i expect ! greate/ results f ! exp]im5t ( introduc+ ! *>kha 9 ! ,national ,s*ools4 ,if x is conduct$ on sci5tific l9es by tea*]s :o believe 9 ! *>kha z ! mo/ effici5t means ( mak+ education available to ! sev5 & a half lacs ( villages 9 ,india1 !re is n only no dang] ( we>9ess1 b e prospect ( ! nation be+ able to solve ! problem ( f9anc+ mass education )\t any extra taxation & )\t hav+ to fall back ^u immoral s\rces ( rev5ue4 ,! writ] 9 ! ,indian ,social ,re=m] sugge/s1 t an attempt %\ld be made to produce f9] c\nts on ! sp9n+-:eel4 ,i may assure him t ! process has already begun1 b x w be "s "t be=e we arrive at ! f9i% ( ! ,dacca musl9 or ev5 tw5ty c\nts4 ,see+ t h&-sp9n+ 0 only reviv$ la/ ,septemb]1 & ,india began to believe 9 x some:at only 9 ,decemb]1 ! progress x has made may be reg>d$ z ph5om5al4 ,! writ]'s compla9t t h&-spun y>n is n be+ wov5 z fa/ z x is spun1 is p>tly true4 ,b ! rem$y is n s mu* to increase ! numb] ( looms1 z to p]suade ! exi/+ weav]s to use h&-spun y>n4 ,weav+ is a mu* m complex process ?an sp9n+4 ,x is n1 l sp9n+1 only a supplem5t>y indu/ry1 b a complete means ( livelihood4 ,x !re=e nev] di$ out4 ,!re are en\gh weav]s & en\gh looms 9 ,india to replace ! :ole ( ! =eign import ( clo?4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t our looms--?\s&s ( !m 9 ,madras1 ,mah>a%tra & ,b5gal--are engag$ 9 weav+ ! f9e y>n import$ f ,japan & ,man*e/]4 ,we mu/ utilize ^! = weav+ h&-spun y>n4 ,& = t purpose1 ! nation has to revise its ta/e = ! ?9 tawdry & useless musl9s4 ,i see no art 9 weav+ musl9s1 t d n cov] b only expose ! body4 ,our ideas ( art mu/ und]go a *ange4 ,b ev5 if ! univ]sal weav+ ( ?9 fabric be consid]$ desirable 9 normal conditions1 at ! pres5t mom5t :il/ we are mak+ a mighty ef=t to become free & self-support+1 we mu/ be cont5t to we> ! clo? t our h&-spun y>n may yield4 ,we h !re=e to ask ! fa%ionable on ! "o h& to be satisfi$ ) co>s] g>m5ts2 we mu/ educate ! sp9n]s on ! o!r h& to sp9 f9] & m ev5 y>n4 ,! writ] pleads = a r$uction 9 ! prices *>g$ by mill-own]s = _! manufactures4 ,:5 lov]s ( ,swade%i beg9 to consid] x _! duty to we> khadd>1 :5 ! requir$ numb] ( sp9n+-:eels are work+ & ! weav]s are weav+ h&-spun y>n1 ! mill-own]s w be b\nd to r$uce prices4 ,x seems almo/ hopeless m]ely to appeal to ! patriotism ( ^? ^: *ief aim is to increase _! own pr(its4 ,incongruities po9t$ out by ! writ] su* z ! we>+ ( khadd> on public occasions & at o!r times ( ! mo/ fa%ionable ,engli% suits1 & ! smok+ ( mo/ exp5sive cig>s by we>]s ( khadd>1 mu/ disappe> 9 c\rse ( "t1 z ! new fa%ion ga9s /r5g?4 ,x is my claim t z soon z we h complet$ ! boycott ( =eign clo?1 we %all h evolv$ s f> t we %all necess>ily give up ! pres5t absurdities & remodel national life 9 keep+ ) ! ideal ( simplicity & dome/icity implant$ 9 ! bosom ( ! masses4 ,we w n !n be dragg$ into an imp]ialism1 :i* is built ^u exploitation ( ! weak] races ( ! e>?1 & ! acceptance ( a giddy mat]iali/ic civilization protect$ by naval & air =ces t h made peaceful liv+ almo/ impossible4 ,on ! contr>y1 we %all !n ref9e t imp]ialism1 into a common weal? ( nations :i* w comb9e1 if !y d1 = ! purpose ( giv+ _! be/ to ! _w & ( protect+1 n by brute =ce b by self-suff]+1 ! weak] nations or races ( ! e>?4 ,non-co-op]ation aims at no?+ less ?an ?is revolution 9 ! ?\ght-_w4 ,su* a trans=mation c come only aft] ! complete success ( ! sp9n+-:eel4 ,india c become fit = deliv]+ su* a message1 :5 %e has become pro( aga9/ temptation & !re=e attacks f outside1 by becom+ self-conta9$ reg>d+ two ( h] *ief ne$s--food & clo?+4 ,y4 ,i4--#bi? ,june #aiba4 ,,! ,,*>ka ,,9 ,,! ,,gita ,9 ! la/ issue ,i h endeav\r$ to answ] ! objections rais$ by ! ,poet aga9/ sp9n+ z a sacram5t to be p]=m$ by all4 ,i h done s 9 all humility & ) ! desire to conv9ce ! ,poet & ^? :o ?9k l him4 ,! read] w be int]e/$ 9 kn[+1 t my belief is d]iv$ l>gely f ! ,bhagavadgita4 ,i h quot$ ! relevant v]ses 9 ! article itself4 ,i give bel[ ,edw9 ,arnold's r5d]+ ( ! v]ses f 8 ,song ,cele/ial = ! b5efit ( ^? :o d n read ,sanskrit4 ,"w is m excell5t ?an idl5ess2 ,! body's life proce$s n1 lack+ "w4 ,!re is a task ( hol9ess to d1 ,unlike _w-b9d+ toil1 :i* b9de? n ,! fai?ful s\l2 su* e>?ly duty d ,free f desire1 & ?\ %alt well p]=m ,?y heav5ly purpose4 ,spake ,prajapati ,9 ! beg9n+1 :5 all m5 7 made1 ,&1 ) mank9d1 ! sacrifice--,d ?is6 ,"w6 ,sacrifice6 ,increase & multiply ,) sacrifice6 ,?is %all be ,kamadhuk1 ,y\r ',c[ ( ,pl5ty'1 giv+ back h] milk ,( all abundance4 ,wor%ip ! gods !reby2 ,! gods %all yield ye grace4 ,^? meats ye crave ,! gods w grant to ,lab\r1 :5 x pays ,ti!s 9 ! alt>-flame4 ,b if "o eats ,fruits ( ! e>?1 r5d]+ to k9dly heav51 ,no gift ( toil1 t ?ief /eals f 8 _w4 ,:o eat ( food aft] _! sacrifice ,are quit ( fault1 b !y t spread a fea/ ,all = !mselves1 eat s9 & dr9k ( s94 ,by food ! liv+ live2 food comes ( ra94 ,& ra9 comes by ! pi\s sacrifice1 ,& sacrifice is paid ) ti!s ( toil2 ,?us action is ( ,brahma1 :o is "o1 ,! ,only1 ,all--p]vad+2 at all times ,pres5t 9 sacrifice4 ,he t ab/a9s ,to help ! roll+ :eels ( ?is great _w1 ,glutt+ 8 idle s5se1 lives a lo/ life1 ,%ameful & va94 ,"w "h und\bt$ly ref]s to physical lab\r1 & "w by way ( sacrifice c only be "w to be done by all = ! common b5efit4 ,su* "w--su* sacrifice c only be sp9n+4 ,i d n wi% to sugge/1 t ! au?or ( ! ,div9e ,song _h ! sp9n+ :eel 9 m9d4 ,he m]ely laid d[n a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( conduct4 ,& read+ 9 & apply+ x to ,india ,i c only ?9k ( sp9n+ z ! fitte/ & mo/ acceptable sacrificial body lab\r4 ,i _c imag9e any?+ nobl] or m national ?an t = say "o h\r 9 ! day we %\ld all d ! lab\r t ! poor mu/ d1 & ?us id5tify ourselves ) !m & ?r\gh !m ) all mank9d4 ,i _c imag9e bett] wor%ip ( ,god ?an t 9 ,8 "n ,i %\ld lab\r = ! poor ev5 z !y d4 ,! sp9n+ :eel spells a m equitable di/ribution ( ! ri*es ( ! e>?4 ,y4 ,i4--#bj? ,oct4 #aiba4 ,,sp9n+ ,,z ,,fam9e ,,relief ,mrs4 ,jaiji ,petit has s5t ! foll[+ notes ( an exp]im5t be+ conduct$ 9 sp9n+ among ! fam9e-/rick5 p at ,miri ne> ,ahm$nag>4 ,i gladly publi% ! notes z ! exp]im5t is be+ conduct$ "u ! sup]vision ( an ,engli%woman4 ,! read] w n fail to obs]ve ! me?odical mann] 9 :i* ! "w is be+ done4 ,all ! difficulties h be5 met & provid$ =4 ,ev5 ! v small exp]im5t %[s :at a pot5t in/rum5t ! sp9n+ :eel is = fam9e relief4 ,prop]ly organis$ x _c b yield />tl+ results4--,m4 ,k4 ,g4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ #aibj1 :5 ! sev]ity ( ! fam9e 0 be+ felt1 ! idea ( introduc+ sp9n+ z a fam9e relief to respectable middle class p 0 />t$ & ,miss ,la?am k9dly gave a sp9n+ :eel to introduce ! "w4 ,attempts 7 made to introduce ! "w especially among ! ,dhang>s :o 7 us$ to sp9n+ wool b !y prov$ futile4 ,sp9n+ a ?9 ?read ( cotton 0 ?\ght an impossibility 9 a village :i* did n "k any?+ ab\t x4 ,d\bts 7 also ent]ta9$ z to :e!r ! "w if tak5 up w\ld be pay+ or at lea/ helpful4 ,9 su* diff]5t difficulties & objections1 ! :eel rema9$ idle = ne>ly ?ree mon?s1 & 9 spite ( vigor\s ef=ts no body seem$ will+ to take up ! "w4 ,9 ,decemb] #aibj1 ,miss ,la?am aga9 s5t f\r m :eels ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,mrs4 ,j4 ,petit & "s cotton4 ,!y 7 giv5 = trial to diff]5t p]sons4 ,signs n[ seem$ a little hopeful & at la/ "o ,ramo%i woman 0 prevail$ ^u to take up ! "w s]i\sly4 ,?is 0 ab\t ! #bj? ( ,janu>y #aiba1 s9ce :5 ! "w has assum$ a diff]5t %ape4 ,! example ( ?is woman 0 copi$ by two m :o und]took to take ! "w4 ,?r\gh great p]sev]ance #d lbs4 ( y>n 7 prep>$ by ^! ?ree sp9n]s & x 0 s5t = sale4 ,9 ! meantime _m wom5 began to make ! inquiries & express$ a desire to take x up if x help$ !m f9ancially 9 "s way4 ,a rate ( sp9n+ #f z4 a lb4 0 !re=e fix$ & x help$ o!r sp9n]s to jo9 ! "w4 ,"h ano!r difficulty viz4 t ( funds came 9 ! way4 ,all ! five :eels 7 engag$ & five m prep>$ locally 7 also engag$4 ,! /ock ( cotton 0 also exhau/$4 ,x seem$ t ! "w w\ld suff] = want ( funds to prep>e :eels1 pur*ase cotton1 & pay ! work]s4 ,rao ,bahadur ,*itale p]sonally saw ?is difficulty & help$ ! "w ) a grant ( ,rs4 #ajj4 ,miss ,la?am1 :5 %e knew ( ?is difficulty1 k9dly s5t ano!r hundr$4 ,^! two grants came at ! "r "t & gave a /imulus to ! "w4 ,local g5tlem5 help$ ) _! own cotton4 ,! dem& = :eels w5t on increas+ day by day4 ,p be+ too poor to pay = ! :eels1 x became necess>y to get ! :eels prep>$ locally & l5d !m to ! work]s4 ,tw5ty sev5 m :eels 7 prep>$ :i* also gave "w to local c>p5t]s :o _h no "w on acc\nt ( fam9e4 ,"o c>p5t] improv$ ! :eel by mak+ x m light & useful = f9] y>n4 ,! prices ( ! :eel 7 paid at ,rs4 #c1 ,rs4 #c-h1 & ,rs4 #d p] :eel accord+ to ! quality4 ,?ree ( ^! :eels h be5 sold = ,rs4 #i-h4 ,! total sum sp5t on ^! :eels is ,rs4 #ajc-h-j :i* includes ! sum = ! :eels k9dly s5t by ,mrs4 ,petit4 ,?\gh local cotton 0 secur$ = ! "w1 x prov$ too bad = beg9n]s4 ,a new me?od !re=e 0 introduc$ to improve ! local cotton1 :i* n only help$ ! "w b also provid$ "w = a few m p]sons4 ,raw cotton 0 secur$ & ! dirt & ! dry leaves 9 x 7 c>efully remov$ be=e x 0 g9n$4 ,! rate = ?is "w 0 fix$ at "o pice p] lb4 ,any old man :o did ?is "w got an opportunity ( e>n+ "o anna a day1 by clean+ #d lbs4 ( raw cotton4 ,aft] x 0 ?us clean$1 x 0 g9n$ ) a h&-g9 :i* gave "w to "s wom5 :o g9n$1 at ! rate ( "o anna p] #aj lbs4 ,"o woman c\ld ?us e>n #b z4 & #f pies ea* day4 ,?is g9n$ cotton 0 !n clean$ by a p9j>i :o *>g$ at ! rate ( "o anna p] p\nd & e>n$ ab\t #h z4 p] day4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] & easi] too1 if cotton _h be5 pur*as$ f ! mills1 b z ?is clean+ process ( ! local cotton provid$ "w = a few work]s1 x 0 ?\ght ! m desirable 9 ^! days4 ,a major portion ( ^! clean+ *>ges is h[ev] made up by ! sale ( cotton se$ secur$ aft] g9n+4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t w %[ ! exp5ses incurr$ = ?is & ! price ( raw cotton = e #fj lbs4 ,,rs4 ,a4 ,p4 ,price ( #fj lbs4 ( raw cotton #bj ,rs4 a patia 7#bdj lbs474 #e--j--j ,removal ( dirt1 wa/e & dry leaves #a pice p] p\nd #j-ae--j ,g9n+ ( #eb lbs4 ( raw clean cotton #a an4 p] #aj lbs4 #j--e--c ,clean+ ! ,l9t 7#ag lbs47 by a p9j>i #a ,anna p] lb4 #a--a--j -------- ,total #g--d--c ,d$uct price ( cotton se$ #ce lbs4 #bj lbs4 p] ,re4 #a-ab--j -------- ,net *>ges = #ag lbs4 ( clean cotton #e--i--c ,?us ! co/ ( "o p\nd ( cotton comes to #e z4 & #c pies only4 ,! proportion ( wa/e viz4 #h lbs4 9 #fj lbs4 ( raw cotton is too high & c\ld be avoid$ by secur+ bett] & clean] cotton4 ,!re are at pres5t #bi :eels go+ & !re is /ill a great dem& = :eels4 ,b ! funds be+ limit$1 m :eels c\ld n be prep>$ & provid$4 ,sp9n+ is done by ^? :o absolutely knew no?+ ab\t x previ\sly4 ,consequ5tly ! y>n is /ill ( an inf]ior sort4 ,x is improv+ day by day b if a compet5t tea*] c\ld be secur$1 x w\ld improve rapidly4 ,among/ ! sp9n]s1 "s are full-"t work]s & o!rs are leisure-"t work]s4 ,ab\t two lbs4 ( y>n are n[ prep>$ e day & ! quantity w increase z ! sp9n]s get us$ to ! "w4 ,! rate = sp9n+ is fix$ at #f z4 a lb41 ?\gh _m work]s compla9 t x is n en\gh4 ,z ! y>n s5t = sale realis$ a price ( ,z4 #ab a p\nd1 ! sp9n+ *>ges c\ld n be increas$ )\t a loss4 ,e lb4 ( y>n requires ,annas #aa pies #c = exp5ses1 z #j-e-c = cotton & #j-f-j = sp9n+4 ,?us e lb4 leaves a pr(it ( #i pies only4 ,! e/abli%m5t & o!r *>ges are n calculat$4 ,) ! pres5t rate ( sp9n+ at #f z4 a lb41 "o sp9n] e>ns #c z4 p] day by sp9n+ #bj to #bd tolas1 m e>n #b z4 a day by sp9n+ #ae tolas & ! re/ #a-a_/b z4 a day = #aj tolas1 ! beg9n]s exclud$4 ,! m ! sp9n] is us$ to ! "w1 ! m he w e>n4 ,an attempt 0 made to prep>e clo? out ( ! y>n & ?ree & a half lbs4 ( y>n 7 giv5 to a weav] = weav+4 ,he h[ev] *>g$ an exorbitant rate = weav+4 ,he prep>$ n9e & a half y>ds ( clo? & *>g$ ,rs4 #c-i = x1 practically #a rupee a lb4 ,! clo? co/ ,rs4 #f-j-f & 0 sold at ,rs4 #f-c-j1 ) a pr(it ( z4 #b & pies #f only4 ,to obviate ! difficulty ab\t weav+1 a sep>ate loom ) "o tea*] to tea* weav+ to local p]sons is urg5tly requir$4 ,_m local p wi% to le>n ?is art4 ,a sep>ate loom w r$uce ! co/ ( ! clo? prep>$ on x bel[ ! prevail+ m>ket rate4 ,ab\t #f lbs4 ( y>n are giv5 to diff]5t weav]s to asc]ta9 ! exact *>ges1 b all ?is difficulty c only be remov$ by hav+ a special loom4 ,:5 !re 0 a %ortage ( cotton & ! work]s _h no "w1 wool 0 introduc$ = sp9n+ till cotton 0 ready4 ,?is "w 0 will+ly tak5 up by ! ,dhang>4 ,!y 7 h[ev] requir$ to sp9 f9] ?read ( wool ?an !y usually prep>$4 ,!y took "s "t to pick up ! "w1 & n[ !re are #aj wool sp9n]s work+ f9e ?read4 ,!y are also paid at #f z4 a lb4 = sp9n+4 ,wool wor? ,rs4 #ca #b lbs4 a rupee 0 pur*as$1 & ?\gh ! cotton 0 ready1 ! wool sp9n+ 0 cont9u$ by />t+ a sep>ate dep>tm5t1 z ! ,dhang>s readily took up ! "w4 ,! :ole process ( clean+ ! wool is also done by ! ,dhang> wom51 :o get an extra anna p] lb4 = x4 ,! sort+ ( wool is c>efully look$ to4 ,! majority ( wool sp9n]s use _! own sp9n+ :eels b a few are n[ ask+ = ! improv$ :eel = prep>+ f9] ?reads4 ,dhang> weav]s be+ locally available blankets aft] ! ,p&h>pur & ,dawangiri patt]n are be+ prep>$ f ?is f9] ?read & diff]5t designs h be5 sugge/$ to !m4 ,! ,dhang>s be+ a /ubborn race d n readily adopt ! new improvem5t4 ,b ?is "w has set !m to "w up new designs ( blankets :i* w p]man5tly help !m 9 _! own pr(ession4 ,!y n[ require a broad] & improv$ loom & in/ruction 9 col\r+ wool4 ,ef=ts are made to secure a clev] full "t weav] :o w introduce a bett] me?od ( weav+4 ,two blankets 7 prep>$ & sold at co/ price1 "o = ,rs4 #e-ac-f & ! o!r = ,rs4 #f-f-j4 ,ord]s are be+ receiv$ = blankets n[1 b to cont9ue ! "w w\ld require "s funds4 ,to keep s _m p]sons work+ is n only an ideal =m ( fam9e relief1 b a means to promote village indu/ries1 & remove ! demoralis+ effects ( successive fam9es4 ,?us /&s ! "w ( ab\t "o mon?4 ,x n[ requires an improv$ h&loom1 a good tea*]1 a special loom = wool1 m sp9n+ :eels 7:i* ! neighb\r+ villag]s are also dem&+7 & _m o!r ?+s4 ,! "w is go+ on vigor\sly & x is hop$ w n be all[$ to suff] = want ( funds4 ,y4 ,i4--#aa? ,may #aiba4 ,,! ,,pot5cy ,,( ,,! ,,sp9n+-,,:eel ,no am\nt ( human +5uity c manage to di/ribute wat] ov] ! :ole l&1 z a %[] ( ra9 c4 ,no irrigation dep>tm5t1 no rules ( prec$5ce1 no inspection & no wat]-cess4 ,e ?+ is done ) an ease & a g5tl5ess t by _! v p]fection evade notice4 ,! sp9n+-:eel1 too1 has got ! same p[] ( di/ribut+ "w & weal? 9 millions ( h\ses 9 ! simple/ way imag9able4 ,^? ( u :o d n "k :at x is to e>n a livelihood by ! sweat ( "o's br[1 may consid] ! ?ree annas a day z a pittance b5ea? ! consid]ation ( any man4 ,!y d n "k t ev5 9 ^! days ( high prices1 !re are di/ricts 9 ,india :]e ev5 ?ree annas a day w\ld be a boon to ! poor4 ,b we mu/ n consid] ! "q ( ! sp9n+-:eel m]ely f ! po9t ( individual e>n+s4 ,! sp9n+-:eel is a =ce 9 national reg5]ation4 ,if we wi% = real ,sw>aj1 we mu/ a*ieve economic indep5d5ce4 ,boycott ( =eign clo? is its negative aspect4 ,= ?is we mu/ produce clo? suffici5t to clo! ! c\ntry4 ,?is c only be done by h&-sp9n+4 ,all ! mills t we h got1 w n be able toge!r to cope ) ! situation4 ,if all ru% = ! ?9 mill-made clo?1 x w rise 9 price beyond ! capacity ( ! poor1 & ! exp]i5ce ( #aijg-jh w be repeat$4 ,moreov]1 ! clo? be/ suit$ = ! ?ree seasons ( ,india is ,khadi4 ,^? :o h us$ ,khadi dur+ ?is summ]1 h come to realise1 t aft] ! s(t clean t\* ( ,khadi x is impossible to use /icky ,malmal or twills4 ,khadi c enable its we>] to )/& ! cold ( an av]age w9t] z ev5 wool _c4 ,! climate ( ,india dem&s t clo!s be wa%$ z (t5 z possible4 ,only ,khadi c /& ?is con/ant wa%4 ,khadi 0 once ! dress ( ! nation at l>ge4 ,"o mu/ see to believe h[ v5]able ! old ,patels & ,de%mukhs look$ :5 dress$ 9 home-spun ,khadi4 ,!re are in/ances ( :ole villages tak+ a legitimate pride 9 ! fact t !y _h to import no?+ b salt 9 ! :ole r\nd ( ! six seasons4 ,) su* conditions1 !re c\ld be no dra91 no exploitation & !re=e no ,p>a-raj4 ,a little village c\ld make t]ms ) ! rul]s ( ! l& consi/5t ) its self-respect1 dignity & indep5d5ce4 ,is our love ( luxury s invet]ate1 t we _c control x ev5 = ! sake ( ,sw>aj8 ,y4 ,i4--#f? ,july #aiba4 ,,! ,,:eel ,,( ,,=tune ,a c]ta9 correspond5t f ,s9dh writ+ to ,mahatma ,g&hi puts ! "q1 ,w ! sp9n+ :eel solve ! problem ( ,india's pov]ty8 ,if x w1 h[8 ,"h is 8 answ]4 ,i am m ?an ev] conv9c$ t )\t ! sp9n+ :eel ! problem ( ,india's pov]ty _c be solv$4 ,millions ( ,india's peasants />ve = want ( supplem5t>y occupation4 ,if !y h sp9n+ to add to _! sl5d] res\rces1 !y c fight successfully aga9/ paup]ism & fam9e4 ,mills _c solve ! problem4 ,only h&-sp9n+--& no?+ else--c4 ,:5 ,india 0 =c$ to give up h&-sp9n+1 %e _h no o!r occupation 9 return4 ,imag9e :at w\ld happ5 to a man :o f\nd himself sudd5ly depriv$ ( a qu>t] ( 8 b>e livelihood4 ,ov] eighty-five p]c5t ( ,h] population h m ?an a qu>t] ( _! "t ly+ idle4 ,&1 !re=e1 ev5 ap>t f ! t]rible dra9 rightly po9t$ out by ! ,gr& ,old ,man ( ,india1 %e has /eadily gr[n poor] because ( ?is en=c$ idl5ess4 ,! problem is h[ to utilise ^! billions ( h\rs ( ! nation )\t di/urb+ ! re/4 ,re/oration ( ! sp9n+ :eel is ! only possible answ]4 ,?is has no?+ to d ) my special views on ma*9]y or ) ! boycott ( =eign goods 9 g5]al1 ,india is likely to accept ! answ] 9 full dur+ ?is ye>4 ,x is madness to t9k] ) ! problem4 ,i am writ+ ?is 9 ,puri 9 front ( ! murmur+ waves4 ,! picture ( ! cr[d ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 ) _! fle%less ribs "u ! v %ad[ ( ,jaganna?1 haunts me4 ,if ,i _h ! p[]1 ,i w\ld susp5d e o!r activity 9 s*ools1 & colleges1 & ev]y:]e else1 & popul>ise sp9n+2 prep>e out ( ^! lads & lasses sp9n+ tea*]s3 inspire e c>p5t] to prep>e sp9n+ :eels2 & ask ! tea*]s to take ^! life-go+ ma*9es to e home1 & tea* !m sp9n+4 ,if ,i _h ! p[]1 ,i w\ld /op an ounce ( cotton f be+ export$ & w\ld h x turn$ into y>n 9 ^! homes4 ,i w\ld dot ,india ) depots = receiv+ ?is y>n & di/ribut+ x among weav]s4 ,giv5 suffici5t /eady & tra9$ work]s1 ,i w\ld und]take to drive paup]ism out ( ,india dur+ ?is ye>4 ,?is und\bt$ly requires a *ange 9 ! angle ( vision & 9 ! national ta/e4 ,i reg>d ! ,re=ms & ev]y?+ else 9 ! nature ( opiates to dead5 our consci5ce4 ,we mu/ refuse to wait = g5]ations to furni% u ) a pati5t solution ( a problem :i* is ev]-gr[+ 9 s]i\sness4 ,nature kn[s no m]cy 9 deal+ /]n ju/ice4 ,if we d n wake up be=e long1 we %all be wip$ out ( exi/5ce4 ,i invite ! sceptics to visit ,orissa1 p5etrate its villages1 & f9d out = !mselves :]e ,india /&s4 ,!y w !n believe ) me t to possess1 or to we>1 an ounce ( =eign clo? is a crime aga9/ ,india & humanity4 ,i am able to re/ra9 myself f committ+ suicide by />vation1 only because ,i h fai? 9 ,india's awak5+1 & h] ability to put h]self on ! way to fre$om f ?is desolat+ paup]ism4 ,)\t fai? 9 su* a possibility1 ,i %\ld cease to take int]e/ 9 liv+4 ,i invite ! que/ion]1 & e o!r intellig5t lov] ( 8 c\ntry1 to take "p 9 ?is privileg$ national s]vice 9 mak+ sp9n+ univ]sal by introduc+ x 9 e home1 & make x pr(itable = ! nation by help+ to br+ ab\t a complete boycott ( =eign clo? dur+ ?is ye>4 ,i h f9i%$ ! que/ions & endeav\r$ to answ] !m4 ,! mo/ important f ! practical /&-po9t 0 ! "o reg>d+ sp9n+4 ,i hope1 ,i h demon/rat$ ! necessity ( home-sp9n+ z ! only means ( deal+ ) ,india's pov]ty4 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 t innum]able difficulties face a work] 9 putt+ ! doctr9e into execution4 ,! mo/ difficult1 p]haps1 is t ( gett+ a prop] :eel4 ,save 9 ! ,punjab :]e ! art is /ill alive1 ! difficulty is v real4 ,! c>p5t]s h =gott5 ! con/ruction & ! innoc5t work]s are at _! wit's end4 ,! *ief ?+ und\bt$ly1 !re=e1 is = ! work] to make himself acqua9t$ ) ! art & ! h&l+ ( sp9n+ :eels4 ,i lay d[n "s simple te/s = te/+ !m4 ,no ma*9e t fails to satisfy ! te/s %\ld be accept$ or di/ribut$4 7#a7 ,! :eel mu/ turn easily1 freely1 & noiselessly4 7#b7 ,! turn+ h&le mu/ be rigidly fix$ to ! axle4 7#c7 ,! po/ mu/ be prop]ly driv5 home & jo9ts well-fix$4 7#d7 ,! sp9dle mu/ turn noiselessly & )\t a ?rob 9 its hold]s4 ,j>r+ s\nd _c be avoid$ unless ! hold]s are made ( knit /raw z 9 ! ,punjab1 or ( t\gh lea!r4 7#e7 ,no ma*9e is prop]ly made unless x manufactures 9 ! h&s ( a practis$ sp9n] at lea/ #b-a_/b tolas ( ev5 & prop]ly twi/$ y>n ( six c\nts 9 an h\r4 ,i "k a y\ng/]1 :o has n _h m ?an p]haps ?ree mon?s' practice1 hav+ be5 able to sp9 #b-a_/b tolas ( ! above quality ( y>n 9 #ce m9utes4 ,no ma*9e %\ld be giv5 until x has be5 work$ at lea/ full "o h\r 9 ! mann] sugge/$ & f\nd satisfactory4 ,y4 ,i4--#f? ,april #aiba4 ,,! ,,sp9n+ ,,:eel ,on ,febru>y #ae1 #aibb1 ,mahatma ,g&hi has address$ ! foll[+ lett] to ,sir ,daniel ,hamilton f ,b>doli on ! ,sp9n+ ,:eel4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,mr4 ,hodge writes to me to say t y w\ld l to h an h\r's *at ) me1 & he has sugge/$ t ,i %\ld op5 ! gr\nd :i* ,i gladly d4 ,i w n take up y\r "t by try+ to int]e/ y 9 any o!r activity ( m9e except ! sp9n+ :eel4 ,( all my outw>d activities1 ,i d believe t ! sp9n+ :eel is ( ! mo/ p]man5t & ! mo/ b5eficial4 ,i h abundant pro( n[ to support my /atem5t t ! sp9n+ :eel w solve ! problem ( economic di/ress 9 millions ( ,india's homes1 & x con/itutes an effective insurance1 aga9/ fam9es4 ,y "k ! great ,sci5ti/ ,dr4 ,p4 ,c4 ,ray1 b y may n "k t he has also become an en?usia/ on behalf ( ! sp9n+ :eel4 ,india does n ne$ to be indu/rializ$ 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! t]m4 ,x has #g1ej1jjj villages scatt]$ ov] a va/ area #a1ijj miles long1 #a1ejj miles broad4 ,! p are root$ to ! soil1 & ! va/ majority are liv+ a h&-to-m\? life4 ,:atev] may be said to ! contr>y1 hav+ travell$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! l& ) eyes op51 & hav+ mix$ ) millions1 !re c be no d\bt t paup]ism is gr[+4 ,!re is no d\bt also t ! millions are liv+ 9 en=c$ idl5ess = at lea/ #d mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,agriculture does n ne$ revolution>y *anges4 ,! ,indian peasant requires a supplem5t>y indu/ry4 ,! mo/ natural is ! introduction ( ! sp9n+ :eel1 n ! h&-loom4 ,! latt] _c be introduc$ 9 e home1 :]eas ! =m] c1 & x us$ to be s ev5 a c5tury ago4 ,x 0 driv5 out n by economic pressure b by =ce delib]ately us$ z c be prov$ f au!ntic records4 ,! re/oration1 !re=e1 ( ! sp9n+ :eel solves ! economic problem ( ,india at a /roke4 ,i "k t y are a lov] ( ,india1 t y are deeply int]e/$ 9 ! economic & moral uplift ( my c\ntry4 ,i "k too t y h great influ5ce4 ,i w\ld l to enli/ x on behalf ( ! sp9n+ :eel4 ,x is ! mo/ effective =ce = introduc+ successful ,co-,op]ative ,societies4 ,)\t hone/ co-op]ation ( ! millions1 ! ent]prise c nev] be successful1 & z x is already prov+ a means ( wean+ ?\s&s ( wom5 f a life ( %ame1 x is z moral an in/rum5t z x is economic4 ,i hope y w n all[ y\rself to be prejudic$ by any?+ y might h he>d ab\t my /range views ab\t ma*9]y4 ,i h no?+ to say aga9/ ! developm5t ( any o!r indu/ry 9 ,india by means ( ma*9]y b ,i d say t to supply ,india ) clo? manufactur$ ei!r outside or inside ?r\gh gigantic mills is an economic blund] ( ! fir/ magnitude j z x w\ld be to supply *eap bread ?r\gh huge bak]ies e/abli%$ 9 ! *ief c5tres 9 ,india & to de/roy ! family /ove4 ,y\rs fai?fully1 ,m4 ,k4 ,,g&hi4 ,,app5dices ,,by ,,maganlal ,k4 ,,g&hi ,i ,a ,,model ,,weav+-,,s*ool ,all ! ext]nal activities ( ,satyagraha%ram 9 connection ) ,swade%i h = "s "t n[ be5 tak5 ov] by ! ,guj>at ,prov9cial ,congress ,committee4 ,p1 :o are 9 ne$ ( or wi% to "k any?+ ab\t g9n+-:eels1 sp9n+-:eels1 looms & ,khadi1 are reque/$ to correspond ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,khadi dep>tm5t ( t ,committee4 ,! ,a%ram n[ only conducts a weav+-s*ool1 :i* tea*es all ! processes f g9n+ "r up to weav+4 ,! boys ( ! ,a%ram s*ool are at pres5t tak+ ! full c\rse ( in/ruction "h1 & we h n ! room to take up /ud5ts f outside4 ,"s description ( ! "w done is giv5 "h 9 ! hope1 t x may p]haps furni% sugge/ions to outside /ud5ts & to s*ools desir\s ( hav+ sp9n+-classes atta*$ to !m4 ,=ty-n9e sp9n+ :eels are "h regul>ly at "w1 ov] & above tw5ty-five o!rs :i* are res]v$ = beg9n]s4 ,all ^! are work$ ?ree to six h\rs p] day4 ,"s are work$ = ev5 sev5 or eight h\rs4 ,aft] a mon?'s tra9+1 a fri5d work$ twelve to f\rte5 h\rs daily = a numb] ( days & ?us prov$ ! possibility ( e>n+ ?ree annas a day4 ,ano!r1 a si/]1 spun n9e to t5 h\rs daily = "s days aft] f9i%+ h] r\nd ( dome/ic bus9ess4 ,9 a mon? & a half1 %e _h spun en\gh to get sadlas & o!r clo? wov5 out ( y>n spun by h]self1 & actually began we>+ ^! ?+s4 ,%e is n[-a-days sp9n+ at ! rate ( eight h\rs a day4 ,"o day !re 0 some?+ wrong ) ?is lady's r5tia4 ,%e ref]r$ ! matt] to ! pres5t writ] :o set x "r4 ,b %e 0 n satisfi$4 ,%e compla9$ aga91 & aga9 0 ! r5tia op]at$ ^u4 ,b ! :eel app>5tly suff]$ f "s occult malady1 :i* %e 0 at a loss to diagnose4 ,e "t its sp9n+ p[] w\ld get enfeebl$4 ,at la/ ! poor lady lo/ all pati5ce & 0 almo/ ready to weep4 ,?is 0 report$ to me1 & ?is "t ,i exam9$ ! :eel v critically & effect$ a p]fect cure4 ,x n[ mov$ m]rily1 & m]rily did ! si/] proce$ ) h] "w4 ,x is v desirable t all ! :eels 9 a sp9n+-class be kept 9 a p]fect condition4 ,:5 t is ! case1 ! sp9n] does n tire & works *e]fully & spe$ily4 ,our class is att5d$ by five ladies1 :o sp9 five or six h\rs e day1 & by tw5ty-?ree /ud5ts ( ! ,a%ram s*ool1 ( :om eighte5 are boys & five are girls4 ,! conduct ( ?is class is n an easy job4 ,_! spirits are 9 cont9ual ne$ ( *e]+4 ,"s ( !m sp9 v rapidly4 ,b sometimes !re is a griev\s attack ( head-a*e1 at o!r times ! /ill m griev\s attack ( idl5ess4 ,sometimes ! h& is fatigu$1 at o!r times ! :eel gets out ( repair4 ,we are n[ replac+ ! ?ick by a ?9 sp9dle4 ,x is true t ) ! slighte/ int]f]5ce or r\gh h&l+1 ?is ?9 sp9dle b5ds & beg9s to wobble4 ,b x makes ! movem5t ( ! :eel v smoo? & easy1 & also adds to its spe$1 z ! revolutions are d\bl$ f ! fifty ( ! ?ick sp9dle to a hundr$ 9 ! ?9 sp9dle foll[+ f "o revolution ( ! l>ge :eel4 ,! d\bl+ ( revolutions does n mean a d\ble output1 b !re is c]ta9ly a consid]able increase4 ,) ! ?ick sp9dle1 ! :eel mu/ g ?r\gh #h or #aj revolutions = ! draw+ & w9d+ ( "o l5g? ( y>n2 ) ! ?9 sp9dle1 ! revolutions ( ! :eel ne$$ = t purpose are r$uc$ to #d or #e4 ,h5ce ) ! ?9 sp9dle1 !re is an economy ( lab\r4 ,! spe$ ( draw+ ! y>n by ! h& is cle>ly limit$1 s t #bjj or #cjj revolutions ( ! sp9dle in/ead ( #ajj w\ld n d\ble or treble ! spe$ or ! output4 ,advanc$ /ud5ts draw & w9d two feet to two feet & a half ( y>n e five seconds4 ,?is comes to #h to #aj y>ds a m9ute4 ,if ! sliv] is good & ! /ud5t 9 a sp9n+-mood1 !re is less breakage ( y>n4 ,ev5 consid]+ ! "t lo/ on acc\nt ( breakage & jo9+1 "s /ud5ts are easily able to sp9 #djj to #ejj y>ds ( y>n ( ab\t #ab c\nts1 fit = w>p4 ,?is approximates to ! spe$ ( a mill sp9dle1 & is !re=e q satisfactory4 ,:5 ! "w is ov]1 ! /ud5t removes ! sp9dle f ! :eel & keeps x 9 good pres]vation4 ,yet accid5ts d occur4 ,! class ma/] mu/ "k h[ to repair a sp9dle :i* has ?us gone wrong4 ,he mu/ also "k h[ to put ! :eel 9 good work+ ord]4 ,! /r+ :i* makes ! sp9dle revolve (t5 breaks1 b if x is well-twi/$1 treat$ ) wax1 & !n rubb$ well ) a piece ( clo?1 x becomes m durable & la/s = a numb] ( days4 ,! /ud5ts g5]ally l to "w on ! r5tia4 ,b ! mom5t x gets a little wrong & _c be soon correct$1 !y rise & flee4 ,n only ! beg9n]s b ev5 advanc$ s*ol>s are sometimes confus$1 :5 call$ ^u to set "r su* a simple ma*9e z ! sp9n+-:eel4 ,a vet]an lead] :o set ! non-co-op]at+ /ud5ts ( eng9e]+ at "w ^u ! sp9n+-:eel1 made ! rem>k t ,engli% education has incapacitat$ our "y m54 ,x 0 ) great pa9 t he said ?is4 ,& x is ! simple tru? ( ! matt]4 ,we c cle>ly see1 t z a result ( ?is education1 we h n only lo/ ! p[] ( our h&s & feet1 b we also lack 9 pati5ce & p]sev]ance4 ,we _c be> to take ! tr\ble ( correct+ any?+ t is wrong4 ,newspap] lead]-writ]s "q ! educative value ( sp9n+ & d\bt its efficacy 9 driv+ away pov]ty f our mid/4 ,_! d\bts w\ld vani% if ev] !y tri$ & saw = !mselves :at *ildr5 ga9 f ! sp9n+-:eel4 ,b ^! writ]s are !mselves ! product ( ,engli% education4 ,to expect !m to be pati5t1 is to =get ! "* ( ! discipl9e to :i* !y h be5 subject4 ,!re is no bett] te/ ?an ! sp9n+-:eel1 if we wi% to asc]ta9 :e!r our *ildr5 are educat$ 9 ! real & ! prop] s5se ( t t]m4 ,_m p /ill "q ! economic value ( h& sp9n+4 ,b ,i believe t ! results ( our exp]im5ts may p]haps lead !m to reconsid] _! views4 ,i w "h put d[n ! /ati/ics ( our own class4 ,among our /ud5ts !re are five playful *ildr51 :o sp9 only :5 ! _s possesses !m4 ,b all ( !m sp9 good y>n fit = w>p4 ,h>dly any sp9 y>n bel[ #aj c\nts4 ,_m sp9 y>n ( ab\t #ae c\nts4 ,n[-a-days ! boys are giv+ f\r h\rs to sp9n+4 ,=m]ly !y us$ to "w six h\rs daily1 b !n !re 0 a t5d5cy to occasional slackness4 ,n[ we h rul$ t :5 once a /ud5t has spun a l5g? ( #ajjj y>ds1 he may be all[$ to leave ! sp9n+ class1 & le>n c>d+ etc4 ,?is arrangem5t has _h excell5t ef=ts4 ,all sp9 )\t los+ a mom5t & sp9 #ajjj y>ds 9 two to f\r h\rs accord+ to ! skill acquir$4 ,& ! y>n ?us produc$ is pretty uni=m1 well twi/$1 & fit = w>p4 ,we h fix$ a r\nd wire frame on ! axle ( ! :eel j ne> ! h&le1 ) a circumf]5ce ( #d feet4 ,?is frame is us$ = op5+ ! cone into a hank4 #gej revolutions ( ?is mean a ?\s& y>ds ( y>n4 ,mo/ /ud5ts c\nt ! revolutions1 :ile !y are mov+ ! frame1 & h5ce d n take mu* additional "t = calculations4 ,"s are n able to practice ?is1 & !y c\nt ! l5g? aft] !y h prep>$ ! hank4 #ajjj y>ds ( y>n ( six c\nts weigh #h tolas4 7#hdj y>ds make a hank4 ,if six su* hanks weigh a p\nd1 ! y>n is ( #f c\nts4 ,h5ce #hdj y>ds ( six c\nt ( y>n weigh #f-b_/c tolas47 #d annas is a q prop] wage = sp9n+ "o p\nd ( six-c\nt y>n ( a /&>d quality4 ,?is means a wage ( n9e pies & a half = sp9n+ #h tolas4 ,b mo/ ( our /ud5ts sp9 y>n ( #ab to #ae c\nts1 & ev5 f9]4 ,& ?is is q good & fit = weav+4 ,! wage = a ?\s& y>ds ( f9] y>n mu/ be proportionately high]2 z ! f9] ! y>n1 ! great] ! numb] ( twi/s to be giv5 to x4 ,twelve-c\nt y>n requires ne>ly half z mu* twi/+ aga9 z six-c\nt y>n4 ,h5ce ! wage ( a ?\s& y>ds ( twelve-c\nt y>n mu/ be half z mu* aga9 z t ( ! same l5g? ( six-c\nt y>n4 ,b ?is proportionately high] wage makes ! h&-spun y>n mu* de>] ?an ! mill-made y>n ( ! same c\nt4 ,if we take #h & #ab annas to be ! wage = sp9n+ a p\nd ( y>n ( #ab & #af c\nts respectively1 ! wage = sp9n+ a l5g? ( #ajjj y>ds ( ! same c\nts w be #aj or #aa pies4 ,"o /ud5t sp9s ?is am\nt 9 #b h\rs1 sev]al 9 #c h\rs & ! re/ 9 #d4 ,on ! la/ ,amavasya x 0 tw5ty two days s9ce ! /ud5ts set regul>ly to "w aft] ! vai%aka vacation4 ,d$uct+ ?ree holidays on ,sundays & ?ree half-holidays on ,w$nesdays1 we get sev5te5 & a half work+ days4 ,!re 0 an av]age att5dance ( tw5ty two /ud5ts out ( tw5ty ?ree4 ,tw5ty two /ud5ts spun 9 sev5te5 days & a half tw5ty f\r %]s & a half ( y>n ( ab\t f\rte5 c\nts4 ,if we take t5 annas to be ! av]age wage = sp9n+ a %]1 ?is comes to fifte5 rupees & f\r annas4 ,?is is exclusive ( ,rs4 #a-aa-j :i* is ! wage ( #ah p\nds ( cotton c>d$ & made into sliv]s by "o /ud5t 9 #ab days1 calculat$ at an anna & a half p] p\nd4 ,x is also exclusive ( ! extra "w put 9 by /ud5ts on five or six days aft] f9i%+ _! daily quota ( #ajjj yds4 ( y>n by way ( c>d+ & op5+ y>n = weav+ tapes & c>pets4 ,^! /ud5ts gave "s ( _! private "t also to ?is "w4 ,!re is no d\bt1 t ! figures w m\nt high] :5 ! /ud5ts acquire ! habit ( me?odical "w4 ,b :atev] ! pecuni>y value ( _! "w might be1 me?od 9 "w itself w be an acquisition beyond all price4 ,s mu* = ! sp9n+ dep>tm5t4 ,i hope to be able to deal ) ! weav+ dep>tm5t on ano!r occasion4 ,y4 ,i4--#ba/ ,july #aiba4 ,,sp9n+ ,,dep>tm5t ,i %\ld l to add a few m facts ab\t ! sp9n+ dep>tm5t1 be=e ,i come to weav+4 ,9 ,a%adha ! /ud5ts 7 m en]getic ?an be=e4 ,! numb] ( regul> /ud5ts 0 #ba1 & ^! 9 #bc work+ days 7!re be+ six holidays 9 ! mon?7 spun #cj p\nds & #bd tolas ( y>n ( ab\t #ab c\nts on ! av]age1 fit = w>p4 ,at t5 annas a p\nd1 ?is means a wage ( ,rs4 #ai-b-j4 ,! total numb] ( h\rs ( sp9n+ 0 #accg4 ,at #d h\rs a day x %\ld h be5 #aicb 7#bc numb] ( days #ba numb] ( /ud5ts #d74 ,?is defici5cy is n due to idl5ess1 nor to heada*e4 ,compla9ts ( idl5ess h n[ q ceas$4 ,& /ud5ts n[ und]/& t heada*e may prev5t "o f read+ or work+ sums b n f sp9n+4 ,!y h also realis$ t if ! arms are fatigu$ by fet*+ wat] or swimm+1 !re is no?+ l sp9n+ = remov+ ! fatigue4 ,! ?+ is t ^? /ud5ts :o h ma/]$ sp9n+ 7 engag$ 9 c>d+ & o!r process4 ,if full "t _h be5 giv5 to sp9n+1 we w\ld h turn$ out a proportionately bigg] quantity ( y>n4 ,! sp9n+ p[] ( ! /ud5ts is increas+ e day4 ,! /ud5t :o spun #g tolas an h\r dur+ ! ,satyagraha week is n[ no long] a prodigy & o!rs are fa/ ov]tak+ him4 ,"o day a girl spun #i tolas ( uni=m & well-twi/$ #ab-;c\nt y>n 9 #f h\rs4 ,at ! above rate ?is means a wage ( #b annas #c pies4 ,= #h h\rs !re=e ! wage w\ld be #c annas1 = #ab h\rs #d annas #f pies1 = #ad h\rs #e annas #c pies4 ,b x is h>dly necess>y to emphasise ! pecuni>y value ( ! "w1 s f> z s*ools are conc]n$4 ,! po9t is t by con/itut+ sp9n+ z a p]man5t "p ( our s*ool curricula we provide manual tra9+ ( ! highe/ k9d & at ! same "t prep>e = ! re-adv5t ( a day :5 sp9n+ w be z mu* a "p ( our dome/ic economy z say cook+4 ,y4 ,i4--#aa? ,aug4 '#ba4 ,,! ,,advantage ,,( ,,! ,,?9 ,,sp9dle ,s9ce we introduc$ ! ?9 ,sp9dle1 we h be5 keep+ a numb] ( !m 9 res]ve4 ,:5 a /ud5t has 8 sp9dle b5t1 x is n correct$ !re & !n b he is at once giv5 "o ( ! sp>e good ones1 s !re is no delay4 ,aft]w>ds all ! sp9dles t h gone wrong are collect$ & correct$ toge!r4 ,! sadi1 i4e4 ! wrapp+ on ! sp9dle :i* s]ves z a pulley1 is (t5 cut by itself & has sometimes to be cut (f 9 ord] to correct ! sp9dle4 ,a new sadi has to be wrapp$ & = ?is a bottle ( ?ick gum is kept ready at h&4 ,x mu/ be made ( f9e /rong y>n1 & be wrapp$ v tight4 ,if x is loose1 ! /r+ :i* revolves ! sp9dle 7mala7 s9ks 9 x & cuts x asund]1 & at once ! sp9dle /ops4 ,if ! sadi is made ( co>se y>n1 x becomes r\gh1 & s ! mala does n run smoo?ly1 & ! sp9dle ?robs & causes breakage ( ! y>n :ile x is be+ spun4 ,pairs ( *am>akhan 7lea!r-be>+7 also are kept 9 res]ve4 ,:5 ^! become too s(t by an excess ( oil+ or by r\gh h&l+1 !y mu/ be *ang$4 ,n[-a-days we make !m f raw hides & n f lea!r or bamboo1 & s !y keep long]4 ,=m]ly a r\nd piece ( wood or c>dbo>d us$ to s]ve z a re/ = w9d+ ! cone4 ,b n[ we h sub/itut$ a piece ( horn :i* is m durable4 ,wax is kept 9 /ock = treat+ ! mala4 ,besides ^! ?+s we h a small oil-c1 a p5-knife1 a hamm]1 a *isel1 & a small anvil4 ,! /ud5ts br+ ! hank twi/$ h>d 9 ! %ape ( a /ick4 ,! hank weighs two tolas1 :i* is ! /&>d weight ( ! sliv] provid$4 ,a bigg] hank causes tr\ble :ile we op5 x1 & ! y>n is spoilt4 ,! y>n spun by ea* /ud5t is kept sep>ate ) 8 "n ^u a wood5 tag atta*$ to x4 ,e /ud5t is ask$ to /ick to "o p>ticul> c\nt all along till he has spun out en\gh = a l5g? ( w>p2 & !n ! y>n is s5t to ! weav+ dep>tm5t4 ,e "o is anxi\s to see :5 8 y>n is s5t out = weav+4 ,?ree su* l5g?s ( w>p are be+ wov5 at pres5t4 ,ab\t sev5 are ready wait+ to be wov54 ,an elev5 ye> old girl w soon get a piece #bj y>ds long & #db in*es wide out ( y>n spun by h]self 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree mon?s4 ,?is w provide h] ) two suits ( clo?+ ( two small sadis1 #b bl\ses & #b petticoats4 ,h] fa!r _h put 9 a p\nd ( y>n spun by himself1 to f9i% up ! piece1 & 9 return = ?is1 %e is go+ to sp>e a dhoti = him too4 ,%e is z mu* pleas$ to see ! clo? wov5 f h] own y>n z mo/ girls w\ld be to see brocade4 ,two o!r girls h comb9$ _! /ock ( y>n & are daily ask+ = x to be wov54 ,^? /ud5ts :o h pass$ out f ! sp9n+ class are engag$ 9 o!r dep>tm5ts1 & h n mu* "t to sp>e = sp9n+2 s !y "w on holidays & prep>e wo( = _! own w>ps1 :i* are wait+ to be wov54 ,s 9 ! second mon?1 ! sp9n+ dep>tm5t is 9 full sw+4 ,y4 ,i4--#ah? ,aug4 #aiba4 ,,h&-,,looms ,! work+ ( ! sp9n+ class hav+ be5 fully describ$ 9 ! fir/ two articles1 ! process next to be tak5 up is c>d+2 b hav+ receiv$ a numb] ( qu]ies z to ! work+ ( h&-looms1 ,i propose to deal ) ?is be=e go+ into int]m$iate processes4 ,que/ions are ask$ z to :i* w be ! mo/ useful loom = weav+ h&-spun y>n4 ,"s want our op9ion ab\t ! automatic looms2 o!rs insi/ ^u ! necessity ( inv5t+ a new swift-work+ ma*9e1 :ile /ill o!rs ask = monet>y help to prep>e su* aft] _! own designs4 ,my humble b firm op9ion is t ! old pit-loom is ! be/1 especially = weav+ h&-spun y>n4 ,no d\bt x is ! sl[e/ work+ in/rum5t b is ! sure/ ( all1 & j z our old sp9n+-:eel 9 spite ( its be+ ! sl[e/ in/rum5t is absolutely capable ( sp9n+ out all ! cotton t ,india produces to-day1 s ! old pit-loom is p]fectly capable ( weav+ out all ! y>n t ,india c produce by means ( ! sp9n+ :eels & ! mills4 ,?is is n ! "t to ent] into ! figures 9 support ( my /atem5t4 ,i %all only try to %[ ! usefulness ( ! pit-loom4 ,! fly-%uttle loom has its place 9 ! sph]e ( home indu/ry z well z ( ! factory1 b ! automatic looms h no room 9 ?is indu/ry4 ,its drawbacks c only be realiz$ by a /udy ( ! facts & figures reg>d+ conc]ns :i* employ su* looms4 ,p :o newly take up ?is indu/ry %\ld bew>e ( fla%y adv]tisem5ts4 ,!y %\ld n be misl$ by pr(ess$ calculations ( ! work+ ( su* looms4 ,! fly-%uttle looms h v>y+ adju/m5ts4 ,9 ! ,muzzaff>pur sp9n+ & weav+ exhibition held 9 ,may la/1 a p>ty f ?is s*ool 0 pres5t ) its :eel & loom4 ,( all ! fly-%uttle looms exhibit$1 ! "o f ?is s*ool 0 select$ z ! simple/ & lighte/ ( all4 ,x is all made ( wood1 ) ! exception ( nails & screws requir$ = jo9+4 ,! pick]s are also made entirely ( wood4 ,! %uttle & p]ns are home-made4 ,o!r looms _h iron b>s 9 _! boxes1 7 op]at$ ) =eign %uttles1 & _! p]ns 7 unwieldy4 ,our loom is modell$ ^u a type ( looms work+ 9 ?\s&s 9 ! ,madras ,presid5cy4 ,! :ole loom ) a wood5 frame to fit on a pit1 ) ! exception ( ! %ields & re$ co/s ,rs4 #de4 ,^! latt] ?+s are n suppli$1 z !re is no fix$ /&>d ( ! y>n to be us$ on x4 ,i wi% "s public spirit$ p]son or firm w come =w>d 9 ,madras or else:]e 9 t presid5cy & und]take to supply ! fly-%uttle loom z describ$ above promptly & at reasonable rates4 ,any "o desir\s ( tak+ up ?is "w may correspond ) ! head ( ! ,khadi ,dep>tm5t1 ,guj>at ,prov9cial ,congress ,committee ,ahm$abad4 ,?us f> z reg>ds ! fly-%uttle looms4 ,i sugge/ to new manufactur]s t !y _c d bett] ?an />t ) ! old fa%ion$ pit-looms4 ,x is our exp]i5ce t on acc\nt ( less breakage ( y>n1 especially h&-spun y>n1 ! output ( a pit-loom almo/ equals & 9 "s cases ev5 exce$s t ( ! fly-%uttle loom4 ,9 weav+ broad] wid?1 h[ev]1 ! fly-%uttle is c]ta9ly m conv5i5t4 ,& :5 ! h&-spun y>n is ( good te/1 x enjoys a decid$ advantage ov] ! old loom 9 po9t ( swiftness4 ,b we h to rememb] t we h got to deal ) h&-spun y>n :i* is n likely to h a good te/ = "s "t to come4 ,x is !re=e t ! old loom is ! safe/ & sure/ weav+ in/rum5t to g on ) = ! pres5t4 ,y4 ,i4--#be? ,aug4 #aiba4 ,,:at ,,k9d ,,( ,,loom8 ,que/ions are ask$ z to ! production ( clo?s 9 an old-fa%ion$ loom f h&spun y>n4 ,! exp]i5ce 9 our s*ool is1 t a well-practis$ work] weaves on a pit-loom "o y>d clo? ( #cj in*es wid? & ( fairly ?ick texture 9 "o h\r4 ,clo? ( great] or small] wid? v>ies 9 proportion4 ,our fly-%uttle pit-loom has n exce$$ ?is figure 9 h&spun y>n s f>4 ,:5 =m]ly we us$ mill-made y>n1 x yield$ ab\t half z mu* clo? aga9 z ! old pit-loom4 ,h[ev] 9 weav+ dhotiyans & sadis f h&spun z well z mill-made y>n ! fly%uttle is v h&y4 ,!n !re is a "q z to ! necessity ( beam+ ! y>n4 ,we believe1 t :]e !re is no "q ( room1 beam+ %\ld be disp5s$ )4 ,h&-loom weav+ factories situat$ 9 ?ickly populat$ t[ns :]e rates ( h\se-r5t are v high1 h reason to resort to beam+2 b :]e space all[s /ret*+ ( ! y>n z practis$ by ! pr(essional weav]s1 x is a "t-sav+ me?od & is arti/ic z well4 ,!re is an argum5t 9 fav\r ( beam+ t x all[s ( ! h&l+ ( w>p z long z #bjj or ev5 #cjj y>ds4 ,b if su* l5g? ( h&spun y>n c be prep>$1 x is equally easy1 if n easi]1 to /ret* x 9 ! old /yle4 ,,siz+ ,,h&spun ,,y>n ,x is said1 t ! difficulty ( siz+ h&spun y>n is a s]i\s h&icap f :i* ! movem5t suff]s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! me?od ( siz+ x %\ld be no diff]5t f t ( siz+ mill-made y>n4 ,x is slip%od sp9n+ :i* is at ! bottom ( ?is difficulty4 ,! be/ way out ( x is to organise & improve ! production ( h&spun y>n4 ,x is sup]/ition to say t ! y>n spun on ! *>kha _c be /rong & ev54 ,:]e prop] c>e is tak51 x does improve & ev5 surpass mill-made y>n 9 "s respects4 ,punjab & ,m>wad1 :]e sp9n+ has be5 c>ri$ on f pa/ times1 h also to improve _! y>n4 ,n t ! sp9n]s !re d n "k _! "w1 b !y z well z ! m]*ants :o pur*ase _! y>n are c>eless ab\t ! quality ( ! y>n turn$ out4 ,unless ?is "w is tak5 up by m5 imbu$ ) ! true ,swade%i _s1 ! condition is n likely to improve4 ,! sp9n]s %\ld be visit$ at _! "w f "t to "t1 & prop] in/ructions z to ! requir$ twi/ & te/ to be giv5 to ! y>n %\ld be imp>t$ to !m4 ,! paym5t ( a reasonably high] wage ?an ! pres5t is ano!r way ( improv+ ! y>n4 ,! wages we h arrang$ = our guidance are giv5 bel[ 9 ! =m ( a table4 ,:]e liv+ is *eap] ?an 9 ,guj>at1 !y c be adju/$ accord+ly4 ,! y>n hav+ improv$1 ! difficulty ( siz+ w disappe>4 ,:5 a c\ntry weav] %[s inability to weave h&-spun y>n1 x means t he _c weave x 9 ! same re$ space z he uses = ! mill-made y>n4 ,?is is q evid5t4 ,! h&-spun y>n n be+ ev51 x requires wid] re$ space4 ,! table giv5 bel[ also %[s ! numb] ( ends ( diff]5t c\nts to be drawn 9 an in* ( a re$4 ,!n if ! clo? to be wov5 is meant = %irt+ or coat+ & n = dhotiyan or sadi1 & if ! y>n has a good te/1 two to f\r ends c be add$ to ! numb] d5ot$ 9 ! table4 ,column head+s3 ,c3 ,c\nt4 ,t3 ,approximate twi/ p] in*4 ,r3 ,r\nds on #d feet hank frame4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,numb] ( ,numb] ( ,rates ( ,wage ends 9 an d\ble weav+ p] ,c ,te/4 p] ,t ,r in* ( ends 9 an squ>e y>d4 p\nd4 re$4 in*4 ,rs4 ,a4 ,p4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ #f ,w>p #j #d #j #aj #if #bd to #bh #ah to #bb #j #d #j #f ,weft #j #c #j #h 444 444 444 #i ,w>p #j #f #j #ab #add #bf to #cb #bj to #bd #j #d #f #i ,weft #j #d #f #aj 444 444 444 #ab ,w>p #j #aj #j #ad #aib #cj to #cd #bb to #bf #j #e #j #ab ,weft #j #h #j #ab 444 444 444 #af ,w>p #j #ab #j #af #bef #cd to #ch #bd to #bh #j #e #f #af ,weft #j #aj #j #ac 444 444 444 #bj ,w>p #a #j #j #ah #cbj #dj to #dd #bh to #cb #j #f #j #bj ,weft #j #ac #j #ae 444 444 444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,if ! y>n is v weak & unev51 x %\ld be wov5 ) two ends 9 w>p z well z 9 weft4 ,?is w give a /rong texture to ! clo?1 mak+ ! process ( weav+ easy at ! same "t4 ,! proportion 9 ?is case ( ends to be drawn 9 an in* ( ! re$ space is also giv5 9 ! above table4 ,if ?is c\rse is adopt$1 heaps ( h&spun y>n t h accumulat$ all ov] ! c\ntry c be wov5 out )\t mu* difficulty4 ,z a fact1 ! me?od ( siz+ traditionally foll[$ by ! weav]s _c be improv$ ^u4 ,_! selection ( ! siz+ mat]ial is appropriate to ! climate1 season & circum/ances4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y use ! /aple corn4 ,jaw>i & maize be+ ! *eape/ are us$ 9 _m p>ts4 ,9 ! ra9y season1 h[ev]1 !y use :eat fl\r z a /rong] siz+ mat]ial to c\nt]act ! ov]-s(t5+ influ5ce ( ! moi/ure pres5t 9 ! air4 ,9 ! ,madras ,presid5cy1 a c]eal call$ ragi ) a yell[i% fl\r is us$ = co>se c\nts1 :ile rice is us$ = f9] c\nts4 ,rice & :eat are ! be/ +r$i5ts = siz+4 ,! proportion us$ is f #aj p] c5t requir$ = f9e y>n to #bj p] c5t = co>se y>n4 ,diff]5t prep>ations ( v>i\s siz+ mat]ials are z foll[3-- ,:eat3 ,weigh ! w>p fir/4 ,!n accord+ to its f95ess or co>s5ess1 take f9e :eat fl\r or ,m5da f #aj to #bj p] c5t ( its weight1 knead x well ) wat] to =m a ?9 pa/e1 tak+ c>e t no lump rema9s4 ,boil "s wat] j en\gh to soak ! w>p1 !n add ! pa/e previ\sly prep>$ & keep on /irr+ till ! granules are well-cook$ & ! :ole sub/ance is r$uc$ to ! =m ( ?9 gruel4 ,to e su* prep>ation ( "o p\nd ( fl\r1 "o ounce ( sesamum or sweet oil %\ld be add$4 ,?is w give s(tness & smoo?ness to ! ?reads ( ! w>p & keep !m f /ick+ to "o ano!r4 ,cocoanut or ca/or oil is also us$ z a lubricant4 ,any ( ^! is good1 except only t ! ca/or oil w give a bad od\r & a dull col\r to ! w>p4 ,! size ?us prep>$ is !n sl[ly p\r$ on to ! w>p1 :i* is kept fold$ on a gunny clo? or a clean slab4 ,! w>p is beat5 ) bo? ! h&s1 :ile ! process ( p\r+ is go+ on1 & :5 x is ?or\ghly saturat$ all ov]1 x is spread out 9 ! op5 & bru%$ repeat$ly 9 "o direction1 (t5 br++ ! d[n side up till x gets dri$4 ,"o or two or m p]sons accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! w>p are engag$ 9 bru%+1 :ile sev]al o!rs are jo9+ brok5 ?reads & %ift+ ! /icks 9 ! w>p f "o lease to ano!r4 ,?is is ! mo/ ?or\gh ( all ! me?ods ( siz+4 ,! ends ( fibres ly+ loose on e ?read ( ! w>p are /raight5$1 & /uck fa/ r\nd ! ?read by ! process ( bru%+4 ,! ?read is r5d]$ smoo? & /rong l wire1 & ! "w ( weav+ is made all ! easi] by x4 ,?us swiftness 9 weav+ is ensur$4 ,to ma/] ?is requires long practice b x is wor? ! :ile ( e /ud5t to d s4 ,= an en]getic y\? ab\t ?ree h\rs' "w "u an exp]t e morn+ = two mon?s or s is suffici5t4 ,) two assi/ants or m he w !n be able to manage ! bru%-siz+ himself )\t ! aid ( an exp]t4 ,a less active p]son w take f\r or six mon?s' practice4 ,! prep>ation ( size f jaw>i & maize fl\r is j ! same z f :eat fl\r1 except t ! fl\r ( ^! c]eals n be+ s f9e z :eat fl\r1 a l>g] quantity is requir$ 9 _! case4 ,"s p advise t :eat fl\r %\ld be soak$ = at lea/ two days be=e x is boil$ ) wat]4 ,x is said t ! adh]5t quality ( ! fl\r is enhanc$ by ?is process4 ,rice4 ,! prep>ation f rice is simpl] /ill4 ,! requir$ quantity ( rice is boil$ well ) a quantity ( wat] l>g] ?an t us$ = ord9>y cook+ & is all[$ to rema9 = #ab to #bd h\rs4 ,x is !n /ra9$ ?r\gh a piece ( clo? ti$ ov] or into ! m\? ( a l>ge vessel1 m wat] be+ add$ z requir$ 9 ! process ( /ra9+4 ,! /ra9$ matt] is !n r$uc$ to consi/5t ?9ness2 !n oil is add$ to x 9 proportion z describ$ above4 ,rice is sometimes pref]r$ to :eat1 z x gives besides /r5g? a f9e gloss to ! w>p4 ,! ?+ to be borne 9 m9d is t ! y>n meant = prep>+ w>p mu/ be made ?or\ghly absorb5t be=eh&4 ,= ?is1 all ! hanks mu/ be connect$ 9 ! =m ( "o *a94 ,x is !n fold$ toge!r1 plac$ into a big vessel1 :e!r ( e>? or metal1 conta9+ wat] en\gh to soak ! y>n & !n well press$ ) bo? ! feet = "s "t4 ,x is left 9 ?is condition = two or ?ree days1 dur+ :i* p]iod x is beat5 ) a wood5 club on a slab twice e day4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t1 unless x is beat51 x does n soak ?r\gh = days4 ,if x is n soak$ well1 x is incapable ( absorb+ ! siz+ mat]ial1 & is imp]fectly siz$4 ,! cotton fibre has a natural oily coat+ on x1 :i* is remov$ by soak+ x z describ$ be=e or by boil+ x = "s "t4 ,x does n become ?or\ghly absorb5t1 till x is treat$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,aft] two or ?ree days1 :5 ! y>n is well soak$1 ! *a9 is op5$ out & dri$ 9 %ade1 e hank be+ hung sep>ately on a bamboo4 ,be=e x gets completely dri$1 x is well %ak5 ) bo? ! h&s twice or ?rice1 s t ! ?reads d n /ick to "o ano!r4 ,! ,madrasi weav]s are us$ to p\r+ rice wat] 7g5]ally ?r[n away :5 ! rice is boil$7 on ! y>n1 be=e x is dri$ out 9 ! mann] describ$ above4 ,?is gives great] /r5g? to ! y>n1 & causes less breakage 9 ! process ( w9d+ & prep>+ x into w>p4 ,! o!r me?od ( siz+ resort$ to by ! weav]s is call$ hank-siz+4 ,x is an easy process1 & ?\gh n s effici5t z bru%-siz+1 x answ]s well if c>efully p]=m$4 ,9 ?is case ! y>n1 be=e x is made up into a w>p1 is soak$1 hank by hank1 into ! size prep>$ f :eat or rice z describ$ above1 & aft] press+ (f ! size a little f ! hank ) ! ?umb & a f+]1 ! hank1 wet z x is1 is w\nd up on a bobb94 ,! w>p is prep>$ imm$iately :ile ! bobb9 is wet1 ea* ?read dry+ on ! w>p+ /icks z soon z ano!r is drawn out4 ,! w>p ?us prep>$ is fit = weav+4 ,we h tri$ hank-siz+ 9 a weak solution ( ord9>y gum4 ,x works well 9 dry season1 b makes ! y>n moi/ 9 wet season on acc\nt ( its absorb5t quality4 ,,ii ,,! ,,:eel ,,( ,,=tune ,mr4 ,g&hi dur+ 8 visit to ,assam & ,ea/]n ,b5gal has obs]v$1 t ! type ( *>kha 9 use 9 ^? p>ts is defici5t 9 _m ways4 ,! same is p]haps ! case 9 o!r prov9ces4 ,z we believe t ! *>kha 9 ! ,satyagraha%ram is a model ( its k9d1 we give bel[ a diagram ) measurem5ts ( all its p>ts ) an explanation ( _! relative functions4 ,illu/ration ,! re> base ) m>k #a is "o foot #i in*es long1 #d in*es wide & #c in*es high4 ,! front base ) m>k #b is #i in*es long1 #d in*es wide & #c in*es high4 ,! long piece :i* jo9s ! two bases1 m>k$ #c1 is #c feet long 7includ+ jo9ts71 #c in*es wide & #b in*es high4 ,! l>ge uprights m>k$ #d are #a foot #f in*es long includ+ jo9ts1 #b in*es wide1 & #c in*es deep4 ,!y are fix$ on ! back base #i in*es ap>t4 ,! holes 9 :i* ! axle re/s are made #b in*es bel[ ! top4 ,^! holes conta9 be>+s ( ?9 iron plates to secure easy motion ( ! axle4 ,! be>+s are kept op5 at ! top to all[ access ( oil ?r\gh a slant+ hole bor$ on ! outw>d sides ( bo? ! uprights1 "o in* above ! axle4 ,! small uprights m>k$ #e are #i in*es long ) jo9ts #a-a_/b in*es wide & #a-a_/b in*es deep1 ) holes #d in*es bel[ ! top to conta9 ! lea!r be>+s :i* be> ! sp9dle4 ,!y are fix$ #c in*es ap>t on ! front base & are connect$ toge!r #b in*es above ! base ) a piece ( a wood ( ! same ?ickness4 ,?is jo9+ piece conta9s 9 ! middle #b /icks half an in* ap>t to regulate ! position ( ! mala 7! /r+ :i* revolves ! sp9dle7 on ! sp9dle4 ,ano!r piece m>k$ #f & jo9$ p>allelly to ! left upright is meant to be> a hole = lea!r be>+ :5 a ?9 sp9dle is to be us$4 ,! drum or :eel consi/s ( #h planks su* z ! "o m>k$ #g1 ea* be+ #b feet long1 #d in*es wide & #c_/d in* ?ick4 ,!y are divid$ 9 two w+s ( #d planks ea*1 ea* conta9+ two c\ples ( planks jo9$ diametrically ) a groove 9 ! middle4 ,bo? ! w+s are nail$ on to ! wood5 %aft m>k$ #h1 its size be+ #d-a_/b in*es long & #d in*es diamet]4 ,?r\gh ! middle ( ?is %aft passes a long r\nd iron b>1 :i* s]ves z an axle4 ,x is #ai in*es long & half an in* ?ick4 ,its end1 :]e ! h&le is fix$ is made squ>e to ensure firmness ( ! h&le4 ,a wood5 wa%] "o in* ?ick is fix$ to ! axle on ei!r side ( ! drum to avoid its contact ) ! uprights4 ,! h&le is %ap$ put ( a wood5 piece ( #b in*es #b in*es #a-a_/b feet long4 ,! reel notic$ 9 ! diagram betwe5 ! drum & ! h&le is compos$ ( a wood5 disc m>k$ #i made out ( #a in* ?ick & #f in*es squ>e piece ( wood4 ,six brackets made ( galvaniz$ wire ( #aj gauge radiate f ! c5tre ( ! disc s z to make a circumf]5ce ( #d feet4 ,! brackets are fix$ 9 ! back ( ! disc ) b5t ends & are fur!r secur$ ) small nails ne> ! circumf]5ce ( ! disc4 ,a wire noose is fix$ on ! back base j bel[ ! reel to regulate ! y>n :5 w\nd up on ! reel f a bobb9 or directly f ! sp9dle4 ,a #d in*es long bamboo p9 is fix$ 9 ! inw>d side ( ! front base p>allelly to ! long plank m>k$ #c4 ,x is meant to hold ! bobb9 :ile op5+ out y>n f x4 ,:5 ! y>n is op5$ f ! sp9dle directly1 x is held 9 ! left h& ) ! po9t t[>ds ! reel4 ,! "r h& is employ$ 9 turn+ ! reel by ! h&le ( ! *>kha4 ,! figure #aj1 indicates ! position ( ! sp9n]4 ,,corrections3 ,page ,orig9al ,correction ---- -------- ---------- vii ,indian ,economics #cc ,indian ,economics #cd viii ,h& ,looms #adj ,h&-,looms #adj #g & sett+ _! manufactures & sell+ _! manufactures #aj z a mis] uses 8 horde4 z a mis] uses 8 ho>d4 #bg & left h] co>se & felt h] co>se #bh organas+ ,swade%i propag&a organis+ ,swade%i propag&a #bh ,e drop c\nts ,swade%i ,e drop c\nts4 ,swade%i #cb f patroitic motives f patriotic motives #cd express$ 9 ?is buellet9 express$ 9 ?is bullet9 #ce be+ ag9/ ! law be+ aga9/ ! law #cf ! ano!r does repres5t ! au?or does repres5t #dj utlise ! idle h\rs utilise ! idle h\rs #dd ,x is ne$ness to say ,x is ne$less to say #df m ?an 8 due ,& ,i m ?an 8 due4 ,& ,i #ed ,%rimati ,s>ala ,devi ,*\dhrani ,%rimati ,s>ala ,devi ,*audhrani #eg bids f>e to be> fruit4 bids fair to be> fruit4 #fi e>n$ ,z4 #d e>n$ ,z4 #d4 #fi he is a victim to-day4 he is a victim to to-day4 #gb ( #fbg crores p\nds ( #fb4g crores p\nds #ha t he maufactures t he manufactures #hb ab\t lit]>y tra9n+4 ab\t lit]>y tra9+4 #hg ,mr1 ,amritlal ,?akk> ,mr4 ,amritlal ,?akk> #ig pot5t in/rum5t1 ! sp9n+ pot5t in/rum5t ! sp9n+ #ajb :o absolutely "k no?+ :o absolutely knew no?+ #ajc ,rs4 #c-i = x practically ,rs4 #c-i = x1 practically #ajd ab\t weav+1 a sep>ate room ab\t weav+1 a sep>ate loom #abc miss+ ,a ,,model ,i new l9e ,a ,,model #acb w be an acpuisition w be an acquisition #acd ,! /ud5ts :o spun 444 is ,! /ud5t :o spun 444 is #acd = #ab h\rs #d annas #fpies = #ab h\rs #d annas #f pies #acf & cuts x z "u1 & cuts x asund]1 #ach too suits ( clo?+ two suits ( clo?+ #ach z mo/ girl w\ld be z mo/ girls w\ld be #aci ,y4,i4--#ah? ,aug4 #aiba4 ,y4 n 9 italics #adb ( ! hields ( ! %ields #adb co/s ,rs4 #de co/s ,rs4 #de4 #adb ,prov9cial ,congress ,commitee ,prov9cial ,congress ,committee