,illu/ration3 ,cov] ,frontispiece3 ,railway ,map ( ,*9a ,,*ang+ ,,*9a ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,"l ,,william ,,gascoyne-,,cecil ,,assi/$ ,,by ,,lady ,,flor5ce ,,cecil ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company #aiab iii ,,preface ,our int]e/ 9 ,*9a 0 fir/ ar\s$ by a lett] f an old s*ool-fell[1 ,ar?ur ,polhill1 :o1 ) h]oic self-d5ial1 has sp5t ! be/ "p ( 8 life 9 ,*9a z a mission>y4 ,subsequ5tly ,i jo9$ ! ,*9a ,em]g5cy ,committee1 :o 9 #aijg invit$ u to g out to ! ,%anghai ,c5t5>y ,conf]5ce4 ,t visit l$ naturally to a t\r 9 ,*9a1 ,korea1 & ,japan4 ,:5 we return$ we f\nd t great int]e/ 0 be+ felt at ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge 9 ! movem5t 9 ! ,f> ,ea/2 a ,committee 0 =m$ to /udy ! :ole "q1 :i* accept$ provisionally ! idea ( enc\rag+ ! f\ndation ( a ,we/]n ,univ]sity4 ,be=e f9ally accept+ ! idea x 0 felt t "s "o ought to g to ! mission c5tres ( ,*9a & f9d out ! op9ions ( ! mission>ies work+ on ! field1 & at ! same "t s\nd ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t & see :e!r x w\ld be fav\rable to ! s*eme4 ,z a result ( ^! delib]ations1 ! ,committee ask$ u 9 #aiji to g out aga91 ?is "t on behalf ( ! ,unit$ ,univ]sities ,s*eme4 ,on our return x 0 sugge/$ t if we put our report into ! =m ( a book x might possibly excite int]e/ 9 ! :ole "q1 especially 9 ! ,univ]sity s*eme4 ,we 7 deeply impress$ ) two great facts--! greatness ( ! ne$ ( ,we/]n education f a ,*ri/ian /&po9t & ! vital importance ( imm$iate action4 iv ,n only did we seek in=mation f ,engli% & ,am]ican b also f ,fr5* & ,italian missions z occasion (f]$4 ,we te/$ & comp>$ ?is in=mation by ! in=mation we got f t mo/ enlight5$ & able body ( m5 :o =m ! consul> body 9 ,*9a4 ,we are especially grateful to ,sir ,john ,jordan1 by ^: great diplomatic skill bo? ! position ( ,engl& & ! goodwill ( ! ,*9ese are ma9ta9$4 ,x w\ld be impossible ev5 to record ! names ( all ) :om we conv]s$1 b our ?anks are especially due to ! foll[+ fri5ds1 n only = _! g5]\s hospitality1 b also = ! pati5t & k9d way 9 :i* !y in/ruct$ u 9 ! _m difficult aspects ( ! ,*9ese problem3-- ,sir ,john & ,lady ,jordan1 ,briti% ,legation1 ,pek+4 ,h4,e4 ! late ,*ang-,*ih-,tung4 ,h4,e4 ! late ,pr9ce ,ito4 ,h4,e4 ,tong-,%ao-,yi4 ,h4,e4 ,tuan-,fang4 ,h4,e4 ,liang-,t5-,s54 ,sir ,rob]t ,h>t4 ,sir ,walt] & ,lady ,hilli]4 ,sir ,rob]t & ,lady ,bre$on4 ,dr4 ,aspl& ( ,pek+4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,avison ( ,se\l4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,baird ( ,py5g-,yang4 ,bi%op & ,mrs4 ,ba%=d ( ,pek+4 ,mr4 ,blair ( ,py5g-,yang4 ,m4 et ,mme4 ,boissonnas1 ,fr5* ,legation1 ,pek+4 ,mr4 ,bondfield ( ,%anghai4 ,miss ,bonnell ( ,%anghai4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,bonsey ( ,hank[4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,boo? ( ,hank[4 ,miss ,bri]ley ( ,wu*ang4 ,bi%op ,cassels ( ,we/ ,*9a4 ,mr4 ,u4 ,k4 ,*5g ( ,nank+4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,*ri/ie ( ,mukd54 ,mr4 ,*un ,b+-,hun ( ,%anghai4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,cl>ke ( ,new*wang4 ,dr4 ,co*rane ( ,pek+4 ,consul-,g5]al & ,mrs4 ,cockburn1 late ( ,se\l4 ,miss ,corbett ( ,pek+4 ,mr4 ,deans ( ,i*ang4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,deem+ ( ,han-,yang4 ,dr4 ,du ,bose ( ,soo*[4 ,mr4 ,ede ( ,%anghai4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,arnold ,fo/] ( ,wu*ang4 ,consul-,g5]al & ,mrs4 ,fras] ( ,hank[4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,gage ( ,*ang%a4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,gibb ( ,pek+4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,gillieson ( ,hank[4 ,dr4 ,gl5ton ( ,wu*ang4 ,bi%op & ,mrs4 ,graves ( ,jessfield1 ,%anghai4 ,dr4 & v ,mrs4 ,hawks ,pott ( ,jessfield1 ,%anghai4 ,consul & ,mrs4 ,hewlett ( ,*ang%a4 ,mr4 ,holl&] ( ,hank[4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,ho/e ( ! ,c4,i4,m4 ,dr4 ,huntley ( ,han-,yang4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,jackson ( ,wu*ang4 ,monseigneur ,j>l91 ,pe-,t'ang1 ,pek+4 ,dr4 ,griffi? ,john ( ,hank[4 ,miss ,joynt ( ,hang*[4 ,! late ,miss ,keane ( ,%anghai4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,kell] ( ,*ang%a4 ,consul & ,mrs4 ,k+ ( ,nank+4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,lav+ton ,h>t ( ,ti5ts94 ,mr4 ,m4 ,t4 ,liang ( ,mukd54 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,littell ( ,hank[4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,l[ry ( ,pek+4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,mac,intosh ( ,ti5ts94 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,mackl9 ( ,nank+4 ,dr4 ,macleod ( ,%anghai4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,ma9 ( ,hang*[4 ,consul-,g5]al & ,miss ,mansfield1 late ( ,canton4 ,dr4 ,m>t9 ( ,pek+4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,meigs ( ,nank+4 ,miss ,m9] ( ,pek+4 ,ar*deacon & ,mrs4 ,m\le ( ,n+po4 ,mr4 ,mun-,yew-,*ung ( ,%anghai4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,murray ( ,pek+4 ,mr4 ,norris ( ,pek+4 ,mr4 ,ob]g ( ,%anghai4 ,miss ,phelps ( ,hank[4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,polhill ( ! ,c4,i4,m4 ,miss ,port] ( ,pek+4 ,bi%op ,price ( ,fuki54 ,deaconess ,ransome ( ,pek+4 ,m4 et ,mme4 ,rat>d1 ,fr5* ,consulate1 ,%anghai4 ,mr4 ,ready ( ,*ang%a4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,gilb]t ,reid ( ,%anghai4 ,dr4 ,timo?y ,ri*>d ( ,%anghai4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,ricketts ( ,%an-hai-kwan4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,ridgley ( ,wu*ang4 ,bi%op & ,mrs4 ,roots ( ,hank[4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,ross ( ,mukd54 ,miss ,russell ( ,pek+4 ,bi%op ,scott ( ,nor? ,*9a4 ,mrs4 ,scranton ( ,se\l4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,s$gwick ( ,ti5ts94 ,mr4 ,%5-,tun-,lo ( ,%anghai4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,%]man ( ,hank[4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,smalley ( ,%anghai4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,sp>ham ( ,hank[4 ,mr4 ,spr5t ( ,new*wang4 ,mr4 ,squire ( ,i*ang4 ,mr & ,mrs4 ,/ockman ( ,i*ang4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,symons ( ,%anghai4 ,taotai ,j4 ,c4 ,tong ( ,%anghai4 ,taotai ,s4 ,t4 ,tsng ( ,nank+4 ,mr4 ,james ,tsong ( ,wu*ang4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,turley ( ,mukd54 ,bi%op ,turn] ( ,korea4 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,upw>d ( ,hank[4 ,dean & ,mrs4 ,walk] ( ,%anghai4 ,miss ,wambold ( ,se\l4 ,consul-,g5]al ,sir ,pelham & ,miss ,w>r5 ( ,%anghai4 ,mr4 ,w>r5 ( ,*ang%a4 ,mr4 ,watson ( ,mukd54 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,weir ( ,*emulpo4 ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,wells ( ,py5g-,yang4 ,consul & ,mrs4 ,willis ( ,mukd54 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,wilson ( ,*ang%a4 ,mr4 ,yih-,m+-,tsah ( ,%anghai4 ,pre ,recteur ( ,ziccawei1 ,%anghai1 & _m o!rs4 vi ,! foll[+ books 7 consult$3-- ,among ! ,mongols3 by ,james ,gilm\r1 ,m4,a4 ,annuaire ,cal5drire p\r #aiji4 ,appeal1 ,an3 by ,h4 ,e4 ,t'ang-,k'ai-,sun4 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a3 by ,rev4 ,s4 ,beal4 ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 ,!3 by ,rev4 ,b]tram ,wolf]/an1 ,s4,j4 ,ca?olic ,encyclopdia ( ,missions4 ,c5tury ( ,missions 9 ,*9a3 by ,d4 ,mac,gillivray4 ,*9a & ! ,allies3 by ,a4 ,h5ry ,savage ,l&or4 ,*9a 9 ,trans=mation3 by ,a4 ,r4 ,colquh\n4 ,*9a's ,book ( ,m>tyrs3 by ,luella ,m9]4 ,*9a's ,only ,hope3 an ,appeal by h] greate/ ,vic]oy1 ,*ang-,*ih-,tung4 ,*9-,*93 by ,t*5g-,ki-,tong4 ,*9ese ,*>act]i/ics3 by ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,smi?4 ,*9ese ,classics1 ,!3 ,legge's ,translation4 ,*9ese ,empire1 ,!3 by ,m>%all ,broomhall4 ,*9ese ,%i-,k+3 by ,j5n+s4 ,*9ese1 ,!3 by ,j4 ,s4 ,?omson4 ,developm5t ( ,religion 9 ,japan3 by ,knox4 ,diplomatic & ,consul> ,reports1 #aije-aijh4 ,e>ly ,*9ese ,hi/ory3 by ,h4 ,j4 ,all54 ,educational ,conque/ ( ! ,f> ,ea/1 ,!3 by ,lewis4 ,education 9 ! ,f> ,ea/3 by ,?w+4 ,embassy to ,*9a3 by ,"l ,m',c>tney4 ,f\r ,books1 ,!3 ,anonym\s4 ,griffi? ,john3 by ,r4 ,w>dlaw ,?ompson4 ,john ,*9aman3 by ,e4 ,h4 ,p>k]4 ,hi/ory ( ,*9a1 ,!3 by ,b\lg]4 ,indiscreet ,lett]s f ,pek+3 by ,putnam ,weale4 ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques ,franaises aux ,,xix4 ,sicle3 by ,pre ,j4 ,b4 ,piolet1 ,s4,j4 ,life & ,works ( ,m5cius3 by ,legge4 ,m>tyr$ ,mission>ies ( ! ,*9a ,inl& ,mission1 edit$ by ,m>%all ,broomhall4 ,mission 9 ,*9a1 ,a3 by ,soo?ill4 ,mission ,me?ods 9 ,man*uria3 by ,john ,ross1 ,d4,d4 ,new ,*9a & ,old3 by ,ar*deacon ,m\le4 ,orig9al ,religion ( ,*9a3 by ,john ,ross1 ,d4,d4 ,pa/or ,hsi3 by ,mrs4 ,taylor4 ,railway ,ent]prise 9 ,*9a3 by ,p4 ,h4 ,k5t4 ,religions 9 ,*9a3 by ,edk9s4 ,religi\s ,sy/em ( ,*9a3 by ,j4 ,j4 ,m4 de ,groot1 vol4 v4 ,sidelights on ,*9ese ,life3 by ,mac,gowan4 ,taoi/ ,te/s4 ,?+s ,*9ese3 by ,j4 ,dy] ,ball4 ,tr\bles de ,*9e1 ,les3 p> ,ra\l ,alli]4 ,uplift ( ,*9a1 ,!3 by ,ar?ur ,smi?4 vii ,,cont5ts ,,*9a ,,9 ,,transition ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,:at ,,has ,,awak5$ ,,*9a8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #c ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,*9a ,,means ,,to ,,! ,,_w 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bj ,,iii4 ,,ori5tal ,,& ,,occid5tal 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cf ,,iv4 ,,=eign ,,relations ,,( ,,*9a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #dd ,v4 ,,*9ese ,,civilisation--,,its ,,weak ,,side 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ef ,,vi4 ,,*9ese ,,civilisation--,,its ,,good ,,side 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #gj ,,vii4 ,,railways ,,& ,,riv]s 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #hj ,,viii4 ,,! ,,cities ,,( ,,*9a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ie ,,ix4 ,,opium 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ajg ,x4 ,,! ,,wom5',s ,,"q 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aba ,,xi4 ,,*9ese ,,ar*itecture 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #acg ,,religions ,,( ,,*9a ,,& ,,! ,,mission>y ,,xii4 ,,religions ,,9 ,,*9a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #adg ,,xiii4 ,,confucian ,,philosophy ,,& ,,we/]n ,,culture 4 4 4 4 4 #afc ,,xiv4 ,,int]view ,,at ,,nank+ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #agb ,,xv4 ,,roman ,,ca?olic ,,missions ,,9 ,,*9a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ahc ,,xvi4 ,,o!r ,,missions 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #aih ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,we/]n ,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,*9a 4 4 4 4 #bjg ,,xviii4 ,,m$ical ,,missions 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bbj ,,xix4 ,,movem5t ,,9 ,,korea ,,& ,,man*uria 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bcb ,,xx4 ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,*9a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bdb ,,! ,,new ,,& ,,! ,,old ,,le>n+ ,,xxi4 ,,education1 ,,*iefly ,,mission>y 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bec ,,xxii4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,educational ,,sy/em 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bff ,,xxiii4 ,,! ,,same ,,9 ,,practice 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bgi ,,xxiv4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,education 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bic ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,a ,,univ]sity ,,expla9$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cje ,,xxvi4 ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,a ,,univ]sity ,,expla9$ 7cont9u$7 4 4 #cag ,,xxvii4 ,,conclusion 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #cbe ,,app5dix ,,w ,,russia ,,be ,,repres5t$ ,,on ,,! ,,mission ,,field8 4 4 4 4 4 #cbi ,,index 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 #ccg #c ,,*9a ,,9 ,,transition ,,*apt] ,i ,,:at ,,has ,,awak5$ ,,*9a8 ,= c5turies ,*9a has be5 ! l& t nev] mov$4 ,x _h a political hi/ory full ( w>s & blood%$1 ( intrigue & murd]2 p]iods ( prosp]ity & enlight5m5t2 p]iods ( d>kness & desolation2 b ! c\ntry rema9$ ess5tially ! same c\ntry4 ,!re might be "s small alt]ation 9 its cu/oms1 b ,*9a 0 di/9ctly unprogressive4 ,& ev]ybody :o knew ,*9a t5 or fifte5 ye>s ago 0 prep>$ to prophesy t x w\ld cont9ue to rema9 unprogressive4 ,_m a mission>y speaks ( ! ,*9a t he us$ to "k z a v diff]5t l& f ! ,*9a ( to-day4 ,x us$ to be a sort ( ,rip ,van ,w9kle l& t _h slept a ?\s& ye>s1 & %[$ e sign ( rema9+ asleep = ano!r ?\s&4 ,mrs4 ,arnold ,fo/] told u t :5 %e fir/ came to ,wu*ang %e us$ to see ! soldi]s dress$ m$ivally1 le>n+ to make faces to inspire t]ror 9 ! he>ts ( ! adv]s>y4 ,monseigneur ,j>l91 ! head ( ! ,fr5* mission 9 ,pek+1 describ$ ! ,*9a ( old5 times by say+ t 9 8 "y days all ,*9am5 _h a root$ contempt = ev]y?+ ,we/]n4 ,!irs 0 ! #d only civilis$ l&4 ,! ,we/ 0 ! l& ( b>b>ism4 ,n[1 he add$1 ! positions are rev]s$2 e ,*9aman despises ,*9a1 & is conv9c$ t f ! ,we/ comes ! light ( civilisation4 ,ar*-deacon ,m\le tells h[ he sail$ out to ,*9a 9 a sail+ %ip1 & f\nd a l& absolutely indiff]5t to ! exi/5ce ( ! ,we/--m ignorant ( ! ,we/ ?an ! ,we/ 0 ( ! ,ea/1 & t1 :5 he 0 "y1 0 say+ a great deal2 & n[ he f9ds himself 9 a l& t has telephones & motor c>s & takes an active int]e/ 9 fly+ ma*9es4 ,*9a has fundam5tally alt]$4 ,%e us$ to be absolutely ! mo/ cons]vative l& 9 ! _w4 ,n[ %e is a l& :i* is see+ s _m radical *anges1 t a mission>y said1 :5 ,i ask$ him a "q ab\t ,*9a1 ,y mu/ n rely on me1 = ,i left ,*9a ?ree mon?s ago1 s t :at ,i say may be out ( date4 ,*9a is n[ progressive2 yes1 "y ,*9a believes int5sely 9 progress1 ) an optimi/ic _s :i* rem9ds ! onlook] m ( ! ,fr5* pre-,revolution _s ?an ( any?+ else4 ,& ?is int5se belief 9 progress %[s itself at e turn2 ! ,yam5 runn] has become a policeman1 t[ns are hav+ ! b5efit ( wat]-works1 s*ools are be+ op5$ ev]y:]e1 railways cov] ! l&4 ,"o may well ask :at has accompli%$ ?is *ange1 :at has awak5$ ,*9a8 ,p]haps1 l _m o!r great ev5ts 9 hi/ory1 #e ?is *ange ( op9ion 9 ,*9a %\ld be attribut$ to m ?an "o cause4 ,!re are two *ief causes4 ,"o may be small1 b x is n insignificant2 ! o!r is c]ta9ly great & obvi\s4 ,! less appreciat$ factor t is caus+ ! reg5]ation ( ,*9a is ,*ri/ianity2 ! l>g] & m obvi\s factor is ! new national movem5t4 ,! cause ( ! new national movem5t 0 ! s5se ( humiliation br\ght ab\t by political ev5ts culm9at+ 9 ! battle ( ,mukd51 :]e a flagrant act ( insol5t contempt = ! laws ( neutrality 0 felt all ! m deeply because ,*9a _h to submit to t :i* %e 0 p[]less to resi/4 ,! ev5ts ( ! la/ few ye>s are s well kn[n t ,i mu/ ask ! indulg5ce ( ! read] 9 recapitulat+ !m4 ,*9a1 confid5t 9 ! numb] ( h] p1 :i* rea*$ to a qu>t] ( ! _w's population1 attempt$ to ass]t h] rights ( suz]a9ty ov] ,korea aga9/ ,japan4 ,%e _h n realis$ !n t ,japan 0 no long] an ,ea/]n p[]1 :]e knights ) two-h&$ swords did de$s ( val\r & won = !mselves ev]la/+ r5[n4 ,& :5 at ,p+-yang ! armies met1 ! ,*9ese ,g5]al asc5d$ a hill t he might direct ! armies ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire ) a fan4 ,he conceiv$ ! battle to be m]ely a small affair1 :]e a fan c\ld be se5 by all ! (fic]s engag$4 ,! result 01 ( c\rse1 t ! ,g]man-tra9$ ,japanese army _h a v easy victory4 ,! w> end$ 9 ! tak+ ( ,port ,ar?ur by ! ,japanese1 #f & ,*9a 0 9 ! humiliat+ position ( hav+ to appeal to ,we/]n c\ntries to secure h] t]ritory4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 ! /+ ( h] humiliation gave to ,*9a a s5se ( res5tm5t aga9/ all =eign]s1 r ?an a s5se ( rep5tance = h] own %ortcom+s1 & ! mission>ies f\nd ho/ility to _! "w 9 e "p ( ,*9a4 ,t ho/ility result$ 9 ! murd] ( two ,g]man ,roman ,ca?olic mission>ies 9 ,%antung4 ,! well-kn[n action ( ,g]many 9 dem&+ a cession ( t]ritory z a puni%m5t = ?is murd] may h be5 a good /roke ( policy1 b x has br\ght b little hon\r ei!r to ,g]many or to ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 fact x may be reg>d$ z a mo/ regrettable action f a mission>y po9t ( view1 = x conv9c$ ! ,*9ese t ! mission>y 0 b a "p ( ! civil adm9i/ration ( a ho/ile c\ntry1 & t if ,*9a 0 to be pres]v$ f ! =eign]1 mission>ies mu/ be induc$ to leave ! c\ntry4 ,a deep feel+ ( national res5tm5t spread ov] ! l&1 :i* 0 enc\rag$ by "s 9 au?ority4 ,! direct connection betwe5 ,gov]nm5t patronage ( ! anti-=eign movem5t & ! ,g]man occupation ( ,kiau*au c be d$uc$ f ! fact t ! ,gov]nor :o 0 responsible = ! awful murd]s 9 ,%ansi _h be5 ,gov]nor ( ,%antung :5 ,g]many took ,kiau*au4 ,! result ( ?is bitt] feel+ 0 ! creation ( a secret & patriotic society :i* conceal$ ! nature ( its propag&a "u a "n ) a d\ble #g mean+4 ,! ,box] ,society 01 z its "n sugge/s1 app>5tly an a?letic society--a society :i* _h = its object ! enc\ragem5t ( ! art ( self-def5ce4 ,b ! "n _h ano!r signification4 ,its real object1 z a ,*9aman expla9$ to me1 0 to knock ! heads ( ! =eign]s (f4 ,x 0 a religi\s z well z a political movem5t1 h[ev]4 ,x _h its prophets1 :o did wond]s or 7 ?\ght to d !m1 & its disciples 7 believ$ to be invuln]able to any ,we/]n weapon4 ,x prote/$ aga9/ ! movem5t t[>ds ,we/]n ideas1 :i* x reg>d$ z immoral2 x condemn$ & de/roy$ ev]y?+ ,we/]n1 f /raw hats & cig>ettes to mission h\ses & railways2 its disciples believ$ t ! spirits t def5d ,*9a 7 angry at ! introduction ( ,we/]n ?+s1 t !y 7 )hold+ ! ra9 s necess>y to ! light loess l& ( t di/rict1 & t ! only way !y c\ld be propitiat$ 0 by ! sacrifice ( a ,we/]n life or by ! de/ruction ( a ,we/]n build+4 ,"o ( ! ?+s t precipitat$ ! siege ( ,pek+ 0 ! app>5t success ( su* an action4 ,9 pursuance ( _! fai?1 ! ,box]s set a light to ! rail-head /ation ( ! half-made ,hank[-,pek+ railway1 a place call$ ,pao-t+-fu2 ! /ation 0 a m]e wood5 b>rack1 & blaz$ up m]rily ) an impos+ column ( smoke2 h>dly _h ! smoke rea*$ ! heav5s1 :5 ! sky 0 ov]ca/ ) heavy ?und]-cl\ds1 & 9 a %ort "t ! ?ir/y l& receiv$ ! long-wi%$-= ra91 & ! ,box] #h prophets po9t$ ) s9i/] effect to ! heav5ly confirmation ( _! doctr9e4 ,x is necess>y to rem9d ! read] ( ! religi\s aspect ( ,box]dom1 s t he %all realise :at its fall meant to _m ,*9ese4 ,really _! fai? 9 x 0 wond]ful4 ,a ,box]1 = in/ance1 at ! siege ( ,pek+ walk$ compos$ly 9 front ( ! ,legation1 wav+ 8 sword & p]=m+ my/ic signs2 ! soldi]s fir/ ( "o !n ( ano!r ,legation fir$ on him ) no effect2 probably 8 coolness put out _! aim4 ,ano!r example ( _! cr$ulity 0 told me at ,new*wang4 ,! ,russians _h occupi$ ,new*wang1 &1 m suo1 7 pacify+ x2 !y 7 %oot+ all ! ,box]s on :om !y c\ld lay h&s1 &1 ,i am afraid1 a great numb] :o 7 n ,box]s4 ,!y *a9$ "o ( ^! fanatics to a /one seat ) ! int5tion ( execut+ him2 b !y ?\ght !y might get "s useful in=mation out ( him1 s !y ask$ an ,engli%man :o spoke ,*9ese p]fectly to make inquiries ( him1 giv+ him au?ority to (f] a respite z a rew>d4 ,he w5t to ! prison]1 & sitt+ d[n by him1 tri$ to induce him to save 8 life by giv+ in=mation1 b he 0 met by a contemptu\s refusal2 & :5 he po9t$ out t ! fir+ p>ty 0 !re1 ! misguid$ man m]ely said1 ,i am a ,box]1 & _! bullets _c hurt me4 ,ano!r m9ute1 ( c\rse1 prov$ 8 error4 ,b 8 firmness %[$ ! reality ( 8 conviction4 ,sometimes ?is fanaticism _h curi\s results4 #i ,a ,box] prophet assur$ ! village t no works ( ! ,we/ c\ld hurt him1 no bullet c\ld h>m him1 no tra9 c\ld cru% him4 ,z a railway ran ne> ! village1 he & all ! inhabitants adj\rn$ ?i!r to put 8 invuln]ability to ! te/4 ,! daily tra9 came puff+ along1 z ! ,box]1 wav+ 8 sword1 /ood "r 9 its pa?4 ,! driv] 0 a ,european1 & see+ "s "o on ! l9e1 pull$ up 8 tra9 to avoid runn+ ov] him4 ,! ,box] po9t$ to ! tra9 triumphantly1 & ! a/oni%$ villag]s became ,box]s4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a sceptic :o refus$ to believe1 s next day !y repair$ aga9 to ! l9e1 & ! ,box] aga9 made 8 passes & utt]$ 8 *>ms4 ,alas = him6 ?is "t ! driv] 0 a ,*9aman1 & he 0 n go+ to /op 8 ma/]'s tra9 because a coolie fell[ got 9 ! way1 s he put on full /eam & cut him to pieces1 & ! village des]t$ ! ,box] fai? to a man4 ,) ! relief ( ,pek+1 ! ,box] ,society fell2 b ! popul> view 0 n t ,box] tea*+ 0 false1 b t ! spirits beh9d ,we/]n religion 7 /rong] ?an ^? beh9d ,box]dom4 ,s "o ( ! imm$iate results ( ! fall ( ! ,box]s 0 to e/abli% ! spiritual pre/ige ( ,*ri/ianity2 ! second result 0 to inspire ! ,*9ese ) a respect = ! milit>y p[] ( ! =eign]4 ,! ,box]s _h fail$1 ! =eign p[]s _h tak5 ,pek+1 ! ,son ( ,heav5 _h become a fugitive2 all ?is 0 gall & #aj wormwood to ! ,*9aman4 ,! sack ( ,pek+ 0 especially felt1 bo? because ( ! wanton de/ruction t 0 committ$--"o in=mant told me he saw a vase wor? #bjj sma%$ into a ?\s& atoms by a drunk5 soldi]--& because ! enlight5$ ,*9ese knew v well t no civilis$ city is sack$ at ! pres5t "t1 & t !y 7 be+ treat$ z no o!r race is n[ treat$4 ,yet ! old _s ( pride prev5t$ !m le>n+ completely ! full tru?4 ,! ?9k+ ,*9aman 0 /ill dispos$ to attribute ! victory ( ! ,we/ to ! sup]ior fight+ p[]s ( ,we/]n m54 ,a ,*9ese g5tleman1 expla9+ ! fe> 8 p h ( ,europeans1 said1 ,!y reg>d y z tig]s4 ,! troops :o sack$ ,pek+ 7 to ! ?9k+ ,*9aman b ano!r example ( ! well-kn[n tru?1 t ^? ne>] ! savage /ate fight bett] ?an civilis$ m51 & really1 consid]+ ! behavi\r ( "s ( ! ,european troops1 no surprise c be felt at ?is conclusion2 x ne$$ ano!r lesson to make !m f9ally & ?or\ghly realise ! sup]iority ( our civilisation4 ,! bitt]ness ( _! next humiliation made !m ready to le>n z !y _h nev] be5 be=e 9 ! :ole ( _! hi/ory1 & ev5ts provid$ !m ) tea*]s :o taught !m t ! cause ( ?is humiliation 0 _! refusal to accept ,we/]n ideas1 & t if !y w\ld ma9ta9 #aa _! indep5d5ce !y mu/ le>n ! art ( w> f _! conqu]ors4 ,aft] ! siege ( ,pek+ came ! ,russo-,japanese w>4 ,! ,russians _h long be5 kn[n & fe>$ by ! ,*9ese2 !y 7 to ! ,*9ese m9d ! embodim5t ( ! w>like & blood-?ir/y _s ( ! ,we/2 !y 7 hat$ = _! cruelty & fe>$ = _! pr[ess4 ,! awful /ory ( ! massacre ( ,blagove/*5sk 9 #aijj 0 /ill pres5t to ! popul> m9d4 ,! /ory 0 ?is4 ,! ,amur divides ,*9a f ,sib]ia4 ,:5 ! ,box] movem5t broke out ! ,russians requir$ all ! ,*9ese to g to _! side ( ! riv]2 b ) s9i/] int5t1 !y remov$ all ! boats1 s t no "o c\ld cross4 ,! ,*9ese po9t$ ?is out1 & ! respectable m]*ants ( ! t[n pres5t$ a petition say+ !y 7 ready to obey ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t 9 ev]y?+1 b )\t ! boats !y c\ld n d s2 b ! ,russians insi/$ t boats or no boats1 !y mu/ cross ! ,amur2 !y prote/$1 b 9 va92 a half-circle 0 =m$ r\nd !m by ! soldi]y1 & ! :ole ,*9ese population ( ! city 0 driv5 into ! riv] at ! po9t ( ! bayonet4 ,! ,japanese 7 also well kn[n to ! ,*9ese2 !y _h be5 till lately1 :5 ! ,we/]n movem5t _h alt]$ ev]y?+ 9 ,japan1 _! pupils 9 civilisation4 ,! ,japanese believ$ 9 ,confucius1 us$ ,*9ese *>act]s1 wor%ipp$ 9 ,buddhi/ temples1 sacrific$ to ance/ors1 9 fact #ab 7 9 ,*9ese e/imation a civilis$ race1 ?\gh inf]ior ( c\rse to !mselves4 ,:5 ^! two antagoni/s met 9 ,man*uria1 ! w> c\ld n fail to make a deep impression on ,*9a4 ,to beg9 )1 x 0 an insult surpass+ t ( ! sack ( ,pek+ to ! ,*9ese am\r propre1 to h ! w> c>ri$ on 9 ,man*uria4 ,russia & ,japan 7 disput+ ov] ,korea1 & bo? nations 7 at peace ) ,*9a4 ,russia might h invad$ ,japan2 ,japan might h invad$ ,russia1 or bo? might h met 9 ,korea1 b :at !y did 0 to select a prov9ce ( a neutral ,/ate & decide t !re %\ld be ! sc5e ( conflict4 ,:at made ?is m /rik+ 0 t !y agre$ to respect ! neutrality ( ! re/ ( ,*9a2 9 fact !y select$ _! battle-gr\nd ) ! same equanimity z if ,*9a & h] national rights did n exi/4 ,b ! deepe/ impression made on ! ,*9ese 0 by ! victory ( ! ,ea/]n ov] ! ,we/]n4 ,! ,japanese demon/rat$ t !re 0 no ess5tial inf]iority ( ! ,ea/ to ! ,we/1 & t :5 an ,ea/]n race adopt$ ,we/]n milit>y me?ods x prov$ itself sup]ior to ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! ,we/]n races4 ,?is 0 ! lesson ! battle ( ,mukd5 taught ! ,*9ese1 & :i* conv9c$ ! anti-=eign p>ty 9 ,*9a1 t h[ev] mu* !y might hate ! =eign]1 !y mu/ adopt ,we/]n me?ods if !y w\ld reta9 _! indep5d5ce4 ,! result 0 t ! progressive & #ac anti-=eign p>ties f\nd !mselves at "o4 ,bo? agre$ t ,we/]n ideas 7 necess>y4 ,! fir/1 because !y believ$ 9 ,we/]n progress2 ! second1 because !y felt t ! only way to pres]ve ,*9a f ! hat$ =eign] 0 to le>n ! secret ( 8 milit>y p[]4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done 0 to /udy ,we/]n education1 & !n !y c\ld hope to hold _! own aga9/ ! ,we/]n races1 z ,japan _h m ?an held h] own aga9/ ! ,russians4 ,i believe ! battle ( ,mukd5 w prove "o ( ! turn+ po9ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,few ( u h any conception ( ! bitt]ness ( ! humiliation ( ,*9a4 ,p speak ( ,russia z hav+ be5 humiliat$1 b my exp]i5ce is t ! ,russians look$ at ! :ole "q z a colonial w> 9 :i* a bungl+ ,gov]nm5t embroil$ _! c\ntry--a w> :i*1 if x demon/rat$ ! incapacity ( _! (fic]s1 prov$ ! c\rage ( _! soldi]s4 ,b ! humiliation ( ,*9a 0 int5se4 ,:5 "o rememb]s ! position t ! ,emp]or occupies 9 ,*9a2 :5 "o also rememb]s ! rev]5tial feel+ t exi/s t[>ds ance/ors1 "o realises :at x mu/ h meant to ! ,*9aman t ! site ( ! tombs ( _! ,emp]ors %\ld h be5 ! sc5e ( t titanic /ruggle betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/4 ,b ! result ( t humiliation 0 to burn 9 ! lesson t ,japan _h tak5 ! "r c\rse1 & t1 h[ev] hateful 7 #ad ,we/]n ways1 !y 7 a necessity1 & t e lov] ( ,*9a mu/ d 8 be/ to introduce !m into ! ,empire4 ,( c\rse !re are _m ,*9am5--nay1 ,i %\ld ?9k a va/ majority--:o int5d to pres]ve to ,*9a ! ess5tial po9ts ( ! ,confucian civilisation2 !y mean to accept ,we/]n ideas only 9 s f> z !y are necess>y to /ruggle aga9/ ! ,we/4 ,"s1 no d\bt1 def9itely admire ! ,we/1 b mo/ are anxi\s = a compromise2 !y want to pres]ve ,*9a ) its cu/oms1 ) its ess5tial ?\ght1 b to /r5g!n x by =eign k & a =eign milit>y sy/em4 ,! exact degree ( :at %\ld be pres]v$ 9 ,*9a & :at %\ld be de/roy$ & replac$ by ,we/]n innovations1 diff]s accord+ to ! age & ! temp]am5t ( ! ?9k]s1 b ! pr9ciple is mo/ g5]ally accept$--,we/]n ?\ght mu/ be graft$ on to ,ea/]n civilisation4 ,:5 we rememb] ! size ( ,*9a1 we may well ask ourselves :at effect ?is policy w h on ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,we h at pres5t a p]iod ( reflection1 = h[ long we _c tell4 ,! task ( weld+ ,ea/ & ,we/ into "o :ole is 9 practice prov+ difficult1 & at pres5t failure is v (t5 ! result2 b ) ,japan z a successful example1 & ) ! ?reat ( national ext9ction & =eign dom9ation be=e !m1 ! ,*9ese c nev] give up ! ef=t2 & :atev] ! exact result may be1 ,i ?9k "o may ass]t #ae )\t ra%ness t n only w x fundam5tally alt] ! :ole ( ,*9a1 b ?r\gh ,*9a affect ! :ole _w4 ,:ile detail+ ! causes :i* h creat$ ! national movem5t :i* is n[ induc+ ,*9a to make e ef=t to p]fect h] def5ces aga9/ =eign aggressions1 we mu/ n =get t ! awak5+ ( ,*9a has a high] side1 & "o :i* we c attribute directly & indirectly to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity c be trac$ back to ! sev5? c5tury :5 missions ( ,ne/orian ,*ri/ians came to ,?ibet & ,*9a2 !y left beh9d !m1 x is true1 no conv]ts1 b _! influ5ce 0 probably felt ?r\gh ! p[] t ,lamaism _h _h ov] a great "p ( ! ,ea/]n _w4 ,a le>n$ ,japanese1 discuss+ ?is subject1 said t no "o c\ld /udy ,lamaism & ,buddhism )\t realis+ h[ intimately x _h be5 9 t\* ) "s =m ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,lat] on ! great ,roman ,ca?olic missions1 initiat$ by ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 began to "w 9 ,*9a1 & h sl[ly b surely rais$ up a l>ge population :o h be5 ,*ri/ians = _m g5]ations4 ,_! missions 7 int]rupt$ by p]secutions1 b ) v>y+ & lately increas+ success !y h ma9ta9$ !mselves ev] s9ce4 ,9 #ahjg ! pione] ( ,prote/ant missions1 ,dr4 ,morrison1 began 8 "w & ! translation ( ! ,bible into ,*9ese4 ,! "w increas$1 8 mission 0 foll[$ by o!r missions1 :i* pursu$ #af a policy ev5 m influ5tial 9 alt]+ ! op9ion ( ,*9a2 n only did !y ) great h]oism prea* ! ,gospel 9 e prov9ce ( ,*9a1 b !y took two actions :i* h affect$ ,*9a 9 a v special degree4 ,fir/ ! ,am]ican missions made ! v greate/ ef=t to get hold ( intellig5t ,*9ese m51 bo? ,*ri/ian & non-,*ri/ian1 to tea* !m ,we/]n k1 s t !y might und]/& h[ intimately ,*ri/ianity 0 connect$ ) ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,! result ( _! ef=ts has be5 t !re are a consid]able numb] ( enlight5$ ,*9ese g5try :o are ei!r ,*ri/ians or :o h a great sympa?y ) ! ,*ri/ian side ( ,we/]n civilisation4 ,sometimes !y educat$ ^! m5 9 ,*9a1 sometimes !y induc$ !m to g to ,am]ica = _! education2 & !re !y 7 br\ght into contact ) ! int5se1 yet r n>r[1 ,new ,engl& ,*ri/ianity4 ,i _h ! hon\r ( meet+ _m ( ^! m5 9 ,*9a1 & ,i 0 conv9c$ t !y h no small "p 9 h] awak5+4 ,! ,engli% & ,am]ican mission>ies1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,dr4 ,williamson1 inaugurat$ a second policy1 :i* has _h f>-rea*+ results 9 caus+ ! *anges 9 ,*9a4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature ,society 0 />t$ to supply ! ,*9ese ) translations ( ! be/ ,we/]n lit]ature4 ,!y 7 foll[$ by ,*9ese imitators :o 7 also ,*ri/ians1 & :o f\nd$ a ,*9ese ,comm]cial #ag ,press4 ,^! two bodies h giv5 to ,*9a a va/ am\nt ( ,we/]n lit]ature1 ! fir/ on philan?ropic l9es ) ! def9ite int5tion ( spread+ ,*ri/ianity1 ! second on a comm]cial basis b ) ! int5tion ( pres5t+ to _! fell[-c\ntrym5 ! pur] & m beautiful side ( ,we/]n ?\ght4 ,! publications ( ^! two bodies rea*1 ,i am told1 to e educat$ man 9 ,*9a4 ,if ! humiliations ( public ev5ts made ! ,*9ese will+ to /udy ,we/]n civilisation1 x 0 ^! m5 :o af=d$ !m ! means ( /udy+ & und]/&+ ! be/ side ( t civilisation4 ,b p]haps ^? :o h done mo/ to give ! ,*9ese a prop] conception ( ,*ri/ianity are ! ,bible ,societies1 especially ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society4 ,ev] s9ce1 ) ! optimism ( fai?1 ! translation ( ! ,scriptures by ,dr4 ,morrison 0 publi%$ 9 #ahad1 !y h be5 scatt]+ ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,*9a1 f ,mongolia to ,tonk91 & ,i am told t ^? ,scriptures are read by m5 9 ! highe/ positions & ) ! mo/ cons]vative antec$5ts 9 ! :ole empire4 ,x _c be d\bt$ t ! indirect fruit ( _! "w has be5 v great inde$4 ,*9a has1 ?r\gh ! ag5cies ( ^! bodies1 be5 br\ght into close contact ) ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 & has at la/ realis$ ! true nature ( our religion4 ,la/ly1 !re has be5 ! influ5ce ( ^? :o #ah di$ = ! ,*ri/ian fai? dur+ ! _m p]secutions to :i* ,*ri/ianity has be5 expos$1 & :i* culm9at$ 9 ! ,box] p]secution4 ,if ,g]many1 by h] action 9 ,%antung1 put be=e ,*9a a false & mo/ repell5t view ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! h]oic suff]+s ( ! m>tyr$ mission>ies1 bo? yell[ & :ite1 pres5t$ ,*ri/ianity to a wond]+ _w 9 its pure/ aspect4 ,aft] ^? ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians _h suff]$ 9 ,%an-si1 ! ,home bodies1 especially ! ,*9a ,inl& ,mission1 refus$ to take any comp5sation = ! blood t _h be5 %$ 9 ! cause ( ! ,gospel4 ,! ,*9ese 7 !n conv9c$ t ! ,g]man pres5tation ( ,*ri/ianity 0 n ! only "o2 if ,g]many c\ld look on ,*ri/ianity only z a /alk+ horse beh9d :i* %e c\ld creep up to h] prey1 ! ,engli%-speak+ races _h a holi] ideal to tea* & "o :i* 0 m consonant ) ! words ( ! ,f\nd] ( our religion4 ,! suff]+s ( ! ,*ri/ians 7 int5se1 _! h]oism 0 great1 b ! result has be5 comm5surate ) _! ef=ts1 & an awak5+ ,*9a looks to our c\ntries1 n solely to tea* h] ! art ( w> & ( kill+ m51 b also to tea* h] ! great ?\ghts & ! great religion :i* has be=e h] v eyes prov$ capable ( produc+ su* noble m5 & wom54 ,! awak5+ ( ,*9a has two aspects4 ,f "o aspect ,*9a is awak5+ to ! value ( ! sci5ce & ! arts ( ! ,we/2 f ! o!r #ai ,*9a is awak5+ to ! fact t !re is 9 ! ,we/ a p[] :i* comes f goodness1 & t goodness has its root 9 ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,x is ?is tw(old aspect ( ! awak5+ ( ,*9a :i* is s important to be> 9 m9d1 = if %e is to %>e 9 our civilisation 9 ! future1 x is bo? our duty & our int]e/ to see t ?is great _w-movem5t is enc\rag$ to develop on its high] side4 #bj ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,:at ,,*9a ,,means ,,to ,,! ,,_w ,! day is pa/ :5 any "o 9 ,europe1 :e!r ,*ri/ian or non-,*ri/ian1 c be indiff]5t to :at is happ5+ 9 ,*9a4 ,! ,*ri/ian has inde$ be5 = a long "t alive to ! importance ( ^! developm5ts1 b ! ord9>y citiz5 ) no /rong religi\s views has usually nei!r display$ nor felt any int]e/ 9 a c\ntry sep>at$ f u by s _m miles & by su* an untrav]sable gulf 9 ?\ght & language4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian has urg$ ! importance ( ,*9ese missions1 8 neighb\rs h answ]$ by ask+ him :y he _c leave ! ,*9ese to !mselves & to _! own religion4 ,:atev] ju/ice ! oppon5t ( missions 9 times pa/ may h ?\ght he _h = ?is view1 he _c n[ ma9ta9 t ! ,*9ese "q is "o :i* may be put on "o side by any ?\ghtful man4 ,! movem5ts ( ?is va/ mass ( humanity1 am\nt+ to a qu>t] ( ! population ( ! _w1 _c b fail to h a v real & vital effect on ! :ole civilis$ _w4 ,! revolution t is affect+ ,*9a br+s ,europe & ,am]ica into close contact ) a #ba c\ntry equal to ,europe 9 size1 & n f> inf]ior 9 productive p[]4 ,a few ye>s ago ,*9a 0 s f> away t except z an outlet = trade x _h little int]e/ = p "h4 ,! voyage occupi$ _m mon?s & 0 e/eem$ a haz>d\s j\rney1 ow+ to ! dang]\s coa/s & typhoons ( ! ,*9a seas4 ,n[ a tra9-de-luxe conveys ! travell] 9 a =tnight across ,asia to ,pek+1 & if ! accommodation on ! ,*9ese "p ( ! railway is n altoge!r luxuri\s1 ! travell] rememb]s t x is f> sup]ior to t on ! fir/ railways op5$ 9 our own l&4 ,! j\rney is ( c\rse t$i\s1 b ! fact t bus9ess m5 9 ! nor? ( ,*9a are talk+ ( always sp5d+ _! summ] holidays 9 ,engl&1 w %[ h[ close ,*9a is n[ to ,europe4 ,x is no exagg]ation to say t 9 reckon+ di/ance by ! "t x takes to complete ! j\rney1 ,*9a is ne>] to ,engl& ?an ,london 0 to ,scotl& 9 ! days ( ,dr4 ,johnson1 :ile 9 po9t ( com=t & conv5i5ce !re is no comp>ison4 ,! j\rney f ,london to ,pek+ is f> easi] at ! pres5t day ?an ! j\rney f ,london to ,ed9burgh 9 ! days ( ,johnson's fam\s trip to ! ,hebrides4 ,if 9 ?is way we are gett+ clos] to ,*9a1 we are /ill m gr[+ clos] 9 ?\ght4 ,no long] c we speak ( a gulf t sep>ates u f ,*9a4 ,e ye> ,engli% is becom+ m & m ! language ( educat$ m5 9 #bb ,ea/2 ev5 ?\gh we _c read _! books1 !y are read+ ours ei!r 9 translations or 9 ! orig9al4 ,japan has set ! example ( hav+ ,engli% taught univ]sally 9 h] high s*ools1 & n[ ,*9a is foll[+ h] example4 ,a =eign]1 talk+ ab\t ,esp]anto1 rem>k$3 ,:at w\ld be ! use ( mak+ an univ]sal language8 ,engli%1 at any rate 9 ! ,ea/1 is ! univ]sal language4 ,t b>b>\s patois1 pidg9 or bus9ess ,engli%1 lives /ill 9 ,*9a4 ,x consi/s ( ,engli% roots1 enl>g$ by ! addition ( ,portuguese words1 put into ,*9ese idiom & pron\nc$ ,*9ese fa%ion4 ,b pidg9 ,engli% is fa/ giv+ way to pure ,engli%1 spok5 mo/ commonly ) a m>k$ ,am]ican acc5t4 ,if ?is gr[+ proximity ( ,*9a compels ! att5tion ( ! civilis$ _w1 ! virg9 weal? ( h] m9]al res\rces & ! *eapness ( h] lab\r h excit$ ! cupidity ( ! ,we/]n capitali/1 & x is daily m obvi\s t ,*9a mu/ become ! c5tre ( int]national politics1 !re=e ! ext5t to :i* %e w affect ! re/ ( ! _w %\ld be a matt] = c>eful consid]ation4 ,india1 x w be urg$1 has long be5 9 contact ) ,europe1 & ! effect on ,europe is small4 ,:y %\ld !re be any diff]5ce :5 ano!r ,ori5tal race comes 9 close proximity ) ,europe8 ,putt+ on "o side ! fact t ,india has1 bo? 9 trade & 9 politics1 _h a v great effect on ,engl&1 x c be answ]$ t !re is an ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! #bc br[n inhabitants ( ,india & ! yell[ race4 ,! =m] are1 ?r\gh religion or cu/om1 unable to accommodate !mselves to ! conditions ( ,we/]n civilisation2 ! latt] h %[n !mselves su* adepts at accept+ ,we/]n life t !y h excell$ ! :ite man1 to 8 great annoyance1 9 8 own civilisation4 ,! ,*9aman1 :o is =bidd5 to ent] ,am]ica1 ,au/ralia1 & ,s\? ,africa1 is refus$ admittance1 n because he has be5 untri$ or because he has be5 tri$ & f\nd want+1 b because he has be5 tri$ 9 ! ?ree cont95ts & f\nd by all :o h tri$ him em95tly effici5t--s effici5t t if he 7 all[$ to cont9ue 9 ^? c\ntries1 he w\ld soon r5d] ! pres5ce ( ! :ite settl] unnecess>y4 ,he has be5 tri$ 9 ?ree j balances & be5 f\nd ( su* value t ! :ite vot] is unanim\s 9 dem&+ 8 exclusion4 ,b ev5 ! mo/ aggressive ,*9ese exclusioni/ c sc>cely hope to exclude him f 8 own c\ntry1 & ! ,*9aman :o /ays at home is probably a bett] man ?an ! ,*9aman :o goes abroad4 ,we/]n civilisation may be expect$ to gr[ ) equal rapidity 9 ,*9a z x has 9 ,japan4 ,obvi\sly ,japan is ! prec$5t t ,*9a w foll[ r ?an ,india1 :e!r ,h9du or ,mohamm$an4 ,a few ye>s ago a man w\ld h be5 class$ z an ecc5tric :o d>$ =etell t ,russia w\ld be defeat$ by ,japan4 ,:5 ,japan talk$ ab\t go+ to w> ) ,russia1 ,russia laugh$4 ,:o #bd c tell h[ we %all speak ( ,*9a a few ye>s h5ce8 ,= ,japan aft] all is only ! same size 9 population z ,great ,brita91 b ,*9a is eight times z l>ge4 ,!re are ?ree ways 9 :i* ,*9a may affect ,europe4 ,milit>ily1 %e may m5ace h] by h] enorm\s armies enli/$ f h] va/ population4 ,comm]cially1 %e may af=d an outlet = our trade f> great] ?an we possess at ! pres5t "t1 & p]haps be a competitor 9 trade & a place :]e ! capital ( ,europe w be inve/$4 ,morally1 %e may ei!r depress or elevate our social morals4 ,p]haps ! read] may be incl9$ to smile at ! idea ( ,*9a be+ 9 a high] moral condition ?an ,europe1 s z to be able to react on h] b5eficially1 b /rang] ?+s h happ5$2 & if ,europe foll[s ! example ( ,france 9 det]ioration1 & ,*9a cont9ues to advance ) ! same rapidity1 ,*9a might easily excel ,europe 9 morals4 ,let u fir/ deal ) ! "q f ! milit>y po9t ( view4 ,! milit>y au?orities :o "k ! ,*9ese seem to be equally divid$ 9 op9ion2 _m are confid5t t !y are an unw>like race1 o!rs ma9ta9 & br+ evid5ce to prove t "u compet5t (fic]s !y h great milit>y qualities4 ,a few ye>s ago1 = in/ance1 ! developm5t ( ! milit>y p[] ( ,*9a 0 reg>d$ z a possible dang] to ! _w1 & especially to ,engl& or ,russia4 ,x 0 po9t$ out t ,*9a might easily #be desc5d ) a huge army on to ,india 9 ! di/ant future1 or %e might turn h] arms nor?w>d & conqu] ! wide di/ricts ( ,sib]ia4 ,n[ ! popul> view is ! rev]se1 & ! milit>y p[] ( ,*9a is reg>d$ z a ?+ incapable ( great developm5t4 ,a ,japanese diplomati/ ) :om we discuss$ ! "q ridicul$ ! idea ( ! yell[ p]il & smil$ at ! sugge/ion t ,*9a c\ld ev] be a nation great 9 w>4 ,c]ta9ly h] pres5t milit>y p[] c be safely ignor$ except 9 ,man*uria2 :e!r t p[] is capable ( developm5t is a moot po9t4 ,believ]s 9 ! w>-l possibilities ( ,*9a po9t out t z a matt] ( fact ,*9a is by "r ( conque/ suz]a9 to su* w>like races z ! ,tibetans & ! ,ghurkas1 & t h] empire rea*es z f> z ,turke/an4 ,9 answ] x is urg$ t ! victors 7 n ! ,*9ese1 b ! conqu]ors & pres5t rul]s ( ! ,*9ese1 ! nor!rn ,man*us2 :o1 till !y 7 absorb$ by ,*9ese civilisation1 spoke a diff]5t language & wrote a diff]5t "*4 ,! ,man*us are f> f be+ ext9ct1 ?\gh ?r\gh ye>s ( s5sual indulg5ce !y h lo/ _! virility2 b ! discipl9e ( religion or ! call ( a national em]g5cy might re/ore ! w>-l qualities ( ! race4 ,x 0 only 9 #agib t ! ,*9ese1 "u ,sund ,fo1 defeat$ ! ,ghurkas1 & we mu/ all[ t a race :o c\ld defeat ^! gallant soldi]s mu/ be skill$ & brave 9 w>4 ,on ! o!r h& ,i 0 assur$ t ! ,man*us1 #bf s f> f %[+ any c\rage 9 ! w> ) ,japan1 7 ! fir/ to flee1 & t !y diff] 9 no?+ f ! ,*9ese except t !y are p5sion]s & ride horses4 ,^? :o disbelieve 9 ! c\rage ( ! ,*9ese say ! ,*9ese nev] _h any c\rage except ( a passive ord]2 t !y w\ld endure suff]+ aga9/ any race on e>?1 & t _! :ole hi/ory tells t tale2 t !y h be5 subject 9 turn to ! ,mongols1 ! ,k9s1 & ! ,man*us2 & t ! p]iod ( ! ,m+ dyna/y :5 !y 7 free1 0 only because ! ,mongols _h r$uc$ e nation )9 _m ?\s&s ( miles to subjection1 & !n !y !mselves _h fall5 a prey1 n to ! ,*9ese arms directly1 b to ! en]vat+ & de/ructive effects ( ,*9ese civilisation :i* r5d]$ !m absolutely unable to fight4 ,^? :o argue 9 ?is way po9t to t great feature ( ,*9ese sc5]y1 ! =tifi$ wall4 ,t ,great ,wall ( ,*9a1 climb+ hill & dale1 0 built to keep ! nor!rn & w>like tribes f h>ry+ ! peace-lov+ & indu/ri\s ,*9aman4 ,beh9d t wall lie no?+ b =tress aft] =tress2 e city is wall$1 & ^? walls tell _! own tale4 ,a w>like race nev] dwells 9 wall$ cities4 ,:5 ! travell] ent]s ,japan aft] visit+ ,*9a1 ! fir/ ?+ :i* /rikes him is ! abs5ce ( wall$ cities4 ,! villages & t[ns lie along ! roads z !y d 9 our own c\ntry in/ead ( clu/]+ beh9d ! tall & gloomy walls ( ,*9a4 #bg ,aga91 ^? :o say ! ,*9ese w nev] fight1 po9t out t !y h nev] be5 able to r$uce two savage races "r 9 _! mid/1 ! ,maios & ,lolos4 ,"o devot$ mission>y :o _h sp5t _m ye>s ( 8 life 9 ! ?ankless task ( attempt+ to approa* ^! savage ,lolos1 gave u an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! relation betwe5 ! ,lolos & ! ,*9ese :i* c]ta9ly does n %[ t ! ,*9ese h mu* milit>y skill4 ,! ,lolos are a sort ( ,highl& cat]ans :o live 9 ! m\nta9s 9 ! we/ ( ,*9a1 & f "t to "t raid ! peace-lov+ ,*9ese villages4 ,! ,*9ese !n retaliate by organis+ a l>ge =ce1 :o advance on ! ,lolo c\ntry & burn _! villages4 ,! ,lolos r>ely (f] any direct resi/ance1 z !y realise !y are hopelessly outnumb]$1 b take an opportunity to raid ano!r village & to slaught] hundr$s ( def5celess ,*9ese4 ,if ! =ces are any?+ l equal1 ! ,lolos w fight1 & ev5 sometimes :5 ! =ces are :olly unequal4 ,on "o occasion sev5 ,lolos & two wom5 put to flight ?ree hundr$ ,*9ese soldi]s1 kill+ =ty & w\nd+ _m m4 ,! ,*9ese consequ5tly live 9 consid]able fe> ( ^? ,highl& b>b>ians1 ^: fi]ce yells & savage onslaught produce absolute panic 9 _! troops4 ,(fic]s :o h comm&$ ,*9ese troops seem g5]ally to believe 9 _! capabilities4 ,gordon1 = in/ance1 spoke 9 ! highe/ t]ms ( ! soldi]s :o =m$ 8 ev] victori\s army1 & ! #bh ,engli% (fic]s :o comm&$ ! ,weihaiwei regim5t & ^? :o comm&$ ! ,*9ese volunte]s at ! siege ( ,pek+ spoke equally well ( _! m54 ,x is report$ t ! ,*9ese soldi]s at ! siege ( ,ti5ts9 w\ld c>ry ! w\nd$ back out ( ! range ( fire :5 no ,european soldi]s c\ld be f\nd ready to p]=m ?is dang]\s task1 b ( ?is /ory ,i c\ld f9d no fir/-h& confirmation4 ,b :e!r ! ,*9ese 9 times to come w develop an effici5t army or :e!r !y d n1 ! mo/ compet5t judges affirm t ,*9ese milit>y greatness w always make = peace2 t !y w nev] wage a w> ( aggression2 & t1 s f> f be+ a m5ace to ! _w1 !y w prove to be a security = ! _w's peace 9 ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,9 fact x is ! cont9uance ( ,*9a's milit>y weakness r ?an ! gr[? ( h] milit>y p[] :i* is mo/ likely to di/urb ! political atmosph]e4 ,*9a is f> too ri* a prize to be safe if ungu>d$1 & ! acquisition ( h] weal? w always prove a temptation to h] ne$y neighb\rs4 ,! integrity ( ! ,*9ese empire is = _m reasons a mo/ desirable ?+1 & t integrity c be/ be ma9ta9$ by an increase ( ,*9a's milit>y p[]4 ,"o ( ! reasons :y ?is is s mu* to be desir$ is f ! comm]cial effect :i* ,*9a may h on ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,if ! va/ masses ( h] s+ul>ly excell5t workm5 are to be exploit$ by p[]s :o h no ?\ght = ei!r #bi h]s or ! _w's welf>e2 if ! sweat$ d5 ( ! ali5 is a m5ace to ! heal?y conditions ( ! work+ man 9 ,london2 if ! policy ( su* philan?ropi/s z ,"l ,%aftesbury has be5 at all b5eficial to ! _w at l>ge1 ! sudd5 introduction ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ill-paid b effici5t work+ m5 to ! great ,we/]n m>ket w h a delet]i\s effect on ! social conditions ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,x is obvi\sly f> m simple to br+ ! factories to ,*9a ?an to br+ ! ,*9aman to ! factories1 & ?is w be freely done if ev] ! flag ( ! =eign] waves ov] ,*9a4 ,! great advantages t ,*9a c (f] ( *eap lab\r1 *eap coal & *eap c>riage1 c\pl$ ) ! security ( a ,european flag1 w h ! effect ( attract+ to ,*9a a v l>ge numb] ( ! _w's indu/ries4 ,if ?is is done gradually1 s t ! int]nal m>ket 9 ,*9a increases proportionally1 ?is w n result 9 any evil to o!r nations4 ,*9a w %>e 9 ! weal? ( ! _w1 & w be at once a l>ge produc] & a l>ge consum]2 b if be=e ,we/]n civilisation has be5 assimilat$ by ! work+ classes ,we/]n factories are ext5sively />t$ 9 ,*9a ! result w be "o ( ^? dislocations ( social conditions :i* we include "u ! "n ( sweat+4 ,we/]n conditions ( lab\r 9 ,we/]n c\ntries may be deem$ by "s to be h>d1 b no "o c d\bt t if ,we/]n conditions ( lab\r 7 =c$ on a population :i* did n und]/& !m1 !y #cj w\ld h a t5d5cy to become def9itely oppressive4 ,! ,*9ese coolie w1 ,i fe>1 be z little able to ma9ta9 8 gr\nd aga9/ ! =eign contractor support$ by ! arms ( a =eign p[]1 z ! ,congo native is to ma9ta9 8 rights aga9/ 8 ,belgian oppressor2 & unless ,we/]n p[]s h ! humanity & wisdom to resi/ ^? ( _! own nations :o w clam\r to make money out ( ,*9ese lab\r1 ,we/]n dom9ance 9 ,*9a is n to be desir$ by ,we/]n wage-e>n]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hank[1 ,,! ,,*icago ,,( ,,*9a4 ,,riv] ,,at ,,l[ ,,wat]1 #fjj ,,miles ,,f ,,! ,,sea4 ,,han-,,yang ,,ironworks ,"o ( ! mo/ impressive sights 9 ,*9a is ! ,han-yang ,ironworks4 ,!y employ ?ree ?\s& m51 & are own$ by a body ( ,*9ese capitali/s4 ,!y h f\nd x wor? :ile to triple _! plant )9 ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s1 & "o c h>dly wond] :5 "o realises t1 ?\gh ! lab\r]s are paid a v high rate accord+ to ,*9ese scale1 !y only get sixp5ce a day1 & ev5 all[+ t x requires ?ree ,*9am5 to d ! "w ( "o ,engli%man1 :i* is a high] proportion ?an is g5]ally claim$1 obvi\sly !re is a v l>ge m>g9 ( pr(it to be made by ! own]s ( ! works4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ! ,*9ese h be5 unable at pres5t to produce any native eng9e]s2 sixte5 ,europeans ( v>i\s nationalities manage & control ! works1 ?\gh !y are own$ by ,*9ese1 b ! skill$ "w is all done by ,*9ese4 ,= in/ance1 we saw a man /raight5+ ! rails ) a /eam hamm]2 x 0 v skill$ "w1 & ,i 0 told he 0 mak+ #g;d4 or #ca #h;d4 a day4 ,if any social re=m]1 if any "o int]e/$ 9 ! condition ( ! work+ classes1 has "t to consid] ?is "q & to escape f t p>o*ial m9d :i* s di/orts ! importance ( ?+s1 he w see t ! conditions ( ! work+ classes 9 ,europe w dep5d to a great] degree on ! prop] developm5t ( ! social conditions ( ,*9a ?an on any factor at home4 ,to put x briefly1 if ! f\r? ( ! lab\r ( ?is _w is liv+ "u sweat+ conditions1 ! o!r ?ree-f\r?s may consid] !mselves lucky if _! income is n cut d[n by #be p] c5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! developm5t ( ,*9a is all[$ to pursue its normal c\rse1 & education & enlight5m5t are enc\rag$ to proce$ by equal /eps ) mat]ial well-be+1 ! comm]cial conditions ( ,*9a1 s f> f be+ injuri\s1 w prove b5eficial to ! _w at l>ge4 ,! int]nal m>ket1 = "o ?+1 w t5d to keep pace ) ,*9a's productions4 ,if ,*9a exports1 %e w also import2 ! volume ( trade w no d\bt be enorm\sly increas$1 & t trade w br+ prosp]ity to ,*9a & to ^? o!r c\ntries :o are trad+ ) h]4 ,h] p w gradually gr[ accu/om$ to ,we/]n conditions1 &1 if ,*9a ma9ta9s h] indep5d5ce1 ^? conditions w n be all[$ to become too on]\s to ! poor] classes4 ,! weal? ( ano!r c\ntry does n injure h] neighb\rs2 x is r h] pov]ty :i* injures !m4 ,!re is always ! dang] t ! poor] c\ntry #cb w dra9 ! capital f ! ri*] c\ntry1 & t a ri* c\ntry becomes h>% to a poor c\ntry 9 ! same way t ! cr$itor is h>% to ! debtor2 c]ta9ly x w\ld be mo/ undesirable if a sudd5 indu/rial expansion 9 ,*9a p>alys$ _m indu/rial und]tak+s 9 ,engl& by depriv+ !m ( ! capital !y ne$$ = enl>gem5t1 & x w\ld be equally undesirable to h any indu/rial und]tak+ 9 ,*9a controll$ by a ,bo>d ( ,directors 9 ,london1 ^: "o object 0 to increase _! divid5ds1 & :o 7 ignorant ( & !re=e indiff]5t to ! injury t might be incid5tally done to ! welf>e ( ?\s&s ( ,*9ese :o fell "u _! p[]4 ,& ?is br+s me to ! ?ird po9t ( h[ ,*9a may affect ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,%e may1 & mo/ probably w1 degrade ! moral tone ( ,europe4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w be q possible t %e may act z a moral tonic4 ,we sc>cely realise ! nature ( ! *a9s t b9d "o "p ( our civilisation to ano!r4 ,to he> m5 talk1 "o w\ld suppose t ! great factors 9 ! gov]nm5t ( mank9d are ! laws & regulations made by k+s & popul> assemblies2 b a deep] inquiry mu/ %[ t x is only ! small] "p ( a man's life t is controll$ by law1 ! great] "p is controll$ by cu/om or fa%ion :i* is en=c$1 to use ! te*nical t]m1 by ! sanction ( public op9ion4 ,consid]1 = in/ance1 ! cu/oms ( dress1 or ( mann]s1 or ! h\rs we keep1 or ! way we #cc ref] to ?+s1 or ev5 our v ?\ghts--!y are all subject to ?is p[]2 ! ,/ate does n g5]ally comm& any p>ticul> dress1 yet !re is a l>ge & increas+ measure ( uni=mity 9 dress4 ,y may g f ,asia to ,am]ica1 f ,vanc\v] to ,vladivo/ock1 & y w see uni=mity 9 ! rules ( dress4 ,?is uni=mity is all ! m rem>kable1 because its laws1 in/ead ( be+ fix$ & /ation>y1 are con/antly alt]$2 inde$1 9 comp>ison ) ! p[] ( fa%ion1 ! p[]s ( ! greate/ autocrat or ( ! mo/ effici5t public (fice are z no?+4 ,! autocrat may give an ord]2 ! public (fice1 ) its endless cl]ks & =ms1 ) its miles ( r$-tape1 may try to see t ord] c>ri$ out2 b may q possibly fail4 ,b fa%ion1 issu+ h] caprici\s ord]s1 has no (fice1 no cl]ks1 no pr9t$ =ms t h to be fill$ up to secure ob$i5ce1 yet h] subjects yield su* will+ s]vice t !y seek = in=mation f e qu>t] z to ! nature ( h] comm&s1 & :5 !y "k !m1 !y c\nt nei!r money nor com=t to be ( importance comp>$ ) ob$i5ce to _! mi/ress4 ,! _w1 :ile x wond]s at its own submission1 enl>ges or r$uces its clo!s1 alt]s its head-ge>1 & fur!r1 w ev5 *ange its mann]s1 its spee*1 & its ?\ghts4 ,! late/ fa%ion-book is b ! exagg]ation ( a _w-p[]2 ! same p[] t compels wom5 to tight5 _! skirts & wid5 _! hats1 makes _! husb&s talk ab\t socialism & obs]ve ,empire ,day4 ,! p[] ( fa%ion lies 9 #cd ?is1 t :ile e "o obeys1 no "o is consci\s ( any difficulty 9 obey+2 ! *a9s ) :i* fa%ion b9ds ?is _w may be s /rong t ! /ronge/ nature _c break !m1 yet !y are s light t ! mo/ s5sitive natures are n consci\s ( _! re/ra9t4 ,b ?is great p[] ( fa%ion has its limits1 & ^? are ! limits ( our civilisation4 ,! m&ate ( ! dressmak] may rea* f ,sib]ia to ,p]u1 b x has no p[] 9 ,mohamm$an1 ,h9du1 or ,confucian l&s2 ! ,turki% lady /ill veils h] face1 ! ,h9du /ill adh]es to 8 ca/e1 ! ,confucian up to ?is mom5t /ill pres]ves 8 queue & 8 blue robe1 b if ,*9a accepts our civilisation ?is mu/ *ange4 ,! mod]n ,*9aman dresses 9 ,we/]n fa%ion2 ! loose fl[+ g>m5t ( ,*9a acts z a sort ( b>omet] by :i* ! ext5t ( ,european pressure c be te/$2 up-c\ntry !y are z loose z ev]1 b 9 ,%anghai1 :]ev] ,*9ese dress is /ill pres]v$1 x has gr[n tight4 ,a *ange typical ( :at may happ5 if ! union betwe5 ! civilisations takes place )\t any guidance may n[ be se5 9 ! /reets ( ,%anghai2 ! dress ( ! wom5 is %ap$ 9 ! ,*9ese fa%ion1 !y we> ! traditional coat & tr\s]s1 b ! cut ( ^? g>m5ts (f5ds bo? ,ea/ & ,we/ alike by _! great exiguity4 ,e "o w\ld all[ t ,we/]n fa%ions1 or1 at any rate1 m5's fa%ions1 mu/ to a great ext5t affect ,*9a1 b !re is a deep] ?\ght beyond2 #ce ,we/]n fa%ions w n m]ely affect ,*9ese dress1 b !y w also affect ,*9ese ?\ght1 & :5 !y h incorporat$ ,*9ese ?\ght into ,we/]n civilisation1 :5 ! conque/ is complete & ,*9a & ! ,we/ are "o1 a reaction w take place1 & t :i* has subdu$ ,*9a to ! yoke ( ,we/]n fa%ion w give 9 its turn p[] to ,*9a to control ! ,we/]n _w4 ,)\t sugge/+ = a mom5t t ,pek+ fa%ions w take ! place ( ,p>is fa%ions1 or t ! ,engli%man w gr[ a queue1 ,i d sugge/ t !re are _m prec$5ts 9 hi/ory = expect+ t su* a moral =ce z ! ,*9ese rev]5ce = p>5ts1 or su* an immoral position z ! ,*9ese contempt = ! work+-man1 w n be )\t its effect on ! ,we/]n _w4 ,aga9 & aga9 x has be5 po9t$ out by bo? mission>y & ,gov]nm5t (ficial1 t s great is ! p[] ( ,*9a1 t %e br+s into subjugation to h] ?\ght any "o :o is long resid5t 9 h] c\ntry4 ,if x %\ld happ5 t ! ,we/]n _w %\ld neglect ! ,*9aman :5 x has ! opportunity ( tea*+ & direct+ him1 long+ z he is to le>n ab\t ,we/]n civilisation1 ! puni%m5t ( ! ,we/ w be t %e w1 9 ye>s to come1 be influ5c$ = evil by ! p[] ( ! great ,cele/ial ,empire4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,ea/ %\ld turn t[>ds ,*ri/ianity1 &1 taught by ,*ri/ianity1 %\ld le>n to live a high] life1 ! example ( h] fai? & ( h] morality w 9 ye>s to come react b5eficially on ! ,we/]n _w4 #cf ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,ori5tal ,,& ,,occid5tal ,! ,we/ _c ei!r by "r or ?r\gh self-int]e/ ignore ! problem t ,*9a has to solve4 ,f be+ ! mo/ cons]vative c\ntry 9 ! _w1 %e has become a c\ntry 9 :i* !re is rapid *ange4 ,! :ole civilisation ( ?is va/ c\ntry ( #djj1jjj1jjj is becom+ fundam5tally alt]$ by ! importation into x ( ideas & ?\ghts :i* are n native to h]1 & :i* h be5 creat$ by a sy/em ( religion & by a hi/ory belong+ to nations v diff]5t to h]self4 ,! full difficulty does n pres5t itself till aft] "s ?\ght4 ,! problem is q diff]5t f t :i* has be5 be=e mank9d 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,*9a is try+ to accept ,we/]n civilisation1 b !re is a dang] t x w be )\t ,*ri/ianity4 ,i "k t _m ,europeans liv+ 9 ,ti5ts9 & ,%anghai1 :o give b little ?\ght to ! problems be=e !m1 some:at vaguely hope t 9 ! ne> future ,*9a w become a ,european nation2 b a little consid]ation mu/ conv9ce ev]ybody t ?is is impossible4 ,we h also already %[n t ,*9a is q det]m9$--9 fact1 %e has no alt]native--n to #cg rema9 ! old cons]vative c\ntry t lives on anci5t traditions1 t looks back two ?\s& ye>s = all tea*+ 9 ! arts ( gov]nm5t4 ,if ,*9a1 !re=e1 is nei!r to become ,we/]n nor to rema9 :at %e is1 ( necessity %e w h to bl5d ! two civilisations toge!r & to take a "p f ea*4 ,! ,*9ese !mselves1 ) a sangu95ess = :i* !y h no w>rant1 are q c]ta9 t ?is is an easy matt]4 ,!y tell ! inquir] t !y h consid]$ x well1 & t !y see _! way completely ?r\gh x4 ,!y int5d to select f ,europe only ^? ?+s t are advantage\s to ! race1 & !y expect to h no difficulty 9 weav+ ^! incongru\s elem5ts into _! own v complete sy/em ( ?\ght4 ,/atesm5 s]i\sly say t ?ree or f\r mon?s' extra /udy w enable ! educat$ ,*9aman to le>n all t is necess>y ( ,we/]n civilisation1 & !n ^? :o h acquir$ ?is k c return to ,*9a & tea* _! fell[-c\ntrym52 & x is impossible to conv9ce ! ,*9ese t ! unit+ toge!r ( two diff]5t webs ( ?\ght is a matt] ( extreme difficulty1 &1 x may be add$1 ( extreme risk4 ,! pleas+ dream t y c arbitr>ily select ! good po9ts ( ,we/ & ,ea/ & weave !m into "o is ! v rev]se ( ! tru?4 ,:at naturally happ5s is ! v opposite4 ,!re is a t5d5cy to pres]ve t :i* is bad & n t :i* is good 9 two diff]5t sy/ems ( ?\ght :5 !y are unit$ into "o4 ,! reason #ch probably is t z ! bad has its common orig9 9 ! wick$ness ( human nature1 x belongs to bo? sy/ems ( ?\ght1 & !re=e bo? ! ,*9aman & ! ,we/]n meet on common gr\nd :5 !y meet 9 vice or vil5ess4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! virtues ( bo? are ! result ( moral cultivation re/+ on au?orities :i* are n recognis$ by ei!r4 ,!re=e ! t5d5cy is to waive all moral obligations z re/+ on controv]t$ gr\nds4 ,:atev] may be ! cause1 ! result is obvi\s--! ,we/]nis$ ,ori5tal1 unless a ,*ri/ian1 is z a rule only "o %ade bett] ?an ! ,ori5talis$ ,we/]n4 ,:ile ! c>eless ?9k] hopes g5]ally t good w come out ( ! union ( ! two1 he is z a rule t]rifi$ le/ !re %\ld be any t5d5cy to m+le ,we/]n ) ,ea/]n ?\ght 9 any "o ( :om he is fond4 ,a lead+ man at ,ti5ts91 extoll+ ! heal?y climate ( ! place1 relat$ h[ he _h kept 8 *ildr5 !re ev] s9ce !y 7 born4 ,8 fri5d f home1 ignorant ( life 9 a ,*9ese port1 said 9 an appreciative way1 ,h[ nice x mu/ be = y\r *ildr5 to be able to speak ,*9ese2 ,i suppose y enc\rage !m to le>n x8 ,! dwell] 9 ,*9a turn$ on him 9 ang] & said1 ,?ank ,god1 my *ildr5 d n "k "o ^w ( ,*9ese2 ,i w\ld s5d !m home to-morr[ if ,i caught !m le>n+ a s+le s5t5ce4 ,?is en?usiasm = ignorance ( ! language ( a great nation is extraord9>ily difficult to und]/& until ! dang] ( ! mixture ( ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ?\ght #ci is realis$4 ,exp]i5ce has taught ^? :o h liv$ 9 ,*9a t x is only a few t c come unsca!d ?r\gh ! t]rible trial ( hav+ to live 9 two moral atmosph]es4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ books t has ev] be5 writt5 is ,indiscreet ,lett]s f ,pek+4 ,! book is m>vell\s 9 ! p[] x has ( br++ be=e ! eyes ( its read] ^? awful sc5es dur+ ! siege ( ,pek+1 b x is f> m wond]ful 9 ! "* t x imputes to ! hypo!tical n>rator--a "* typical ( a man :o is equally at home 9 ,engl& & 9 ,*9a2 & 9 t "* is portray$ a true b curi\sly unpleasant picture ( ! *>act]i/ics ( bo? races4 ,! n>rator has ! c\rage ( a lion2 he is absolutely )\t any s5se ( hon\r4 ,he fires at an adv]s>y "u ! flag ( truce4 ,he misuses a ,man*u woman :o 9 ! horrors ( ! sack ?r[s h]self on 8 m]cy4 ,he connives at ! break+ ( a solemnly pl$g$ ^w ( hon\r by a soldi]4 ,! "* is n ov]drawn2 *>act]s su* z ^! are common 9 a mix$ _w1 & x is natural t ,engli% p %\ld fe> t _! *ildr5 %\ld gr[ up s unutt]ably vile4 ,b if ! ,engli%man fe>s = 8 *ild1 ought he to ignore ! welf>e ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* he lives1 & c we pass ov] ?is :ole problem z some?+ t does n conc]n u2 = :at he fe>s = 8 *ild w happ5 to ! :ole ,*9ese nation4 ,! bl5d+ toge!r ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ #dj may be accompli%$ ) ! ease :i* ! ,*9aman expects--b n 9 ! way 9 :i* he or anybody else c\ld wi%--x may be accompli%$ by ! eradication ( all t is good 9 ei!r race1 on ! common gr\nd ( vice & s9 & evil & cruelty2 unless1 inde$1 ! ef=ts ( ^? :o are n[ lab\r+ to weave toge!r t :i* is good 9 bo? civilisations are support$4 ,! difficulty ( pres]v+ ! good po9ts & high qualities ( ,*9ese ?\ght is only equall$ by ! difficulty ( introduc+ ! spl5did traditions ( ! ,we/ & graft+ !m on to ! ,*9ese /ock4 ,:at success has foll[$ ! ef=ts ( ^? :o are ?us lab\r+ is r to be cr$it$ to ! int5sity ( _! ef=ts1 to _! s+le-he>t$ purpose1 to _! ready self-d5ial1 ?an to ! ease or simplicity ( _! task4 ,no man ( any feel+ or any consci5ce c\ld pass indiff]5tly by a s+le individual eat+ ! b]ries ( a deadly plant1 unconsci\s t !y 7 poison4 ,:at %all be said1 !n1 if we all[1 n only "o individual b a f\r? ( ! population ( ! _w1 to eat ( a deadly poison :i* mu/ deprive !m ( all happ9ess & ( life1 :i* mu/ condemn !m by millions to ! mis]y ( ! v blacke/ d>kness1 :]e ! only motives kn[n are selfi%ness1 lu/1 pride1 & cruelty1 = ?is is :at c]ta9ly w happ5 to ,*9a if %e accepts ! mat]ialism ( ! ,we/4 ,we/]n ?\ght is v p[]ful4 ,! way x has dom9at$ ! =ces ( nature gives x a great #da pre/ige4 ,z ! ,*9aman le>ns ab\t /eam & electricity1 ab\t ! telephone1 ! fly+ ma*9e1 radium1 & a ?\s& m ,we/]n inv5tions1 he _c fail to be impress$1 he mu/ admit t ^! p h k4 ,d n = a mom5t imag9e t1 aft] su* an illum9ation1 he w be able to g back to ! works ( ,confucius & le>n aga9 ! old maxims1 _m ( :i* are antipa!tic to ,we/]n ?\ght--yes1 ev5 m incongru\s to ,we/]n ?an !y are to ,*ri/ian ?\ght4 ,h[ w he1 = in/ance1 read ,confucius' condemnation ( w> :5 ! ,japanese & ,g]mans & ,russians are %\t+ into 8 e>s1 ,by w> ye %all live & by w> alone4 ,9 an int]view ,i _h ) t great /atesman1 ,tong-,%ao-,yi1 he said1 ,we respect ,confucius because he has nev] taught any man to err4 ,unlike ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,confucius prea*es t ! te/ ( tru? is worldly success1 & !re=e by t te/ 8 prea*+ w be tri$ & f\nd want+ by ! mat]iali/4 ,! mat]iali/ w say1 if ,confucius nev] taught m5 to err1 h[ is x t ! ,we/]n nations :o are ignorant ( 8 tea*+ h succe$$1 & t ,*9a1 :o outnumb]s !m greatly1 & :o aft] ye>s ( education & tra9+ & ( foll[+ fai?fully 8 tea*+1 has fail$8 ,h[ is x1 !y w ask1 t %e is s p[]less1 t 7 x n = ,european jeal\sies %e c\ld n /& a day be=e ! lea/ w>like ( ^! ,we/]n nations8 ,! ,confucian #db w answ]1 ,he taught u to despise w>1 & t is :y we are weak4 ,! mat]iali/ w c]ta9ly retort1 ,s he has taught y to err4 ,confucianism mu/ fall be=e ,we/]n mat]ialism4 ,i d n speak ( ,buddhism1 = t is fall+ s quickly t its influ5ce may be said to be almo/ gone4 ,*9a w be left /ripp$ ( religion1 robb$ ( h] old ideas1 & n clo!d ) new ones1 w&]+ into all ! mis]y & humiliation t vice & s9 c br+ ^u mank9d1 till ! curse ( h] millions 9 mis]y w g out aga9/ ! h>% unfeel+ ,we/1 :o c\ld leave h] ?us bl9d & helpless )\t a guide4 ,! call is great4 ,^? :o h k h no "r to keep x to !mselves4 ,! ,*ri/ian & ! ,confucian agree 9 ?is1 z !y d 9 mu* else1 t all k mu/ be %>$4 ,"o ( ! purposes ( ?is book is to ar\se my read]s to ! importance ( tak+ "s action4 ,_h !y _h an opportunity ( go+ to ,*9a & see+ ?+s = !mselves1 ,i w\ld only h ask$ !m to ?9k2 b z !re are _m :o h n _h t opportunity1 ,i w\ld try & %[ !m ! transitional condition ?r\gh :i* ,*9a is pass+1 ! dang] ( t condition end+ 9 disa/]1 a disa/] wide z ! _w itself4 ,i hope to %[ !m :at is be+ done at ! pres5t "t to lead ! ,*9ese empire into safe pa?s1 & to illum9ate h] ) ! highe/ k ( ! ,we/4 ,_m ef=ts h be5 made1 & !re has be5 mu* success4 ,i #dc am glad to te/ify publicly to ! h]oic & self-d5y+ "* ( ! missions1 b ^? :o are mo/ successful are ^? :o frankly say ,*9a c nev] be l$ by ali5s4 ,no race loves ! ali51 & ! fur!r away ! ali5 is 9 blood & language ! less he is lov$2 !re=e ! ,*9ese above all races are lea/ fitt$ to be l$ by ! ,european1 z !y diff] f him 9 mo/ racial *>act]i/ics4 ,if !y are to be l$ by _! own race1 _! own race mu/ be fit to lead !m4 ,!y mu/ h lead]s :o und]/& ! :ole ( ,we/]n k1 & w be able to take :at is true & leave :at is false4 ,a ,japanese ?9k] said ! o!r day1 ,our p h made a great mi/ake--!y h tak5 ! false & left ! true "p ( ,we/]n ?\ght4 ,let u hope t ,*9a may be pres]v$ f su* an error1 t %e may le>n ,we/]n k s ?or\ghly & s well t %e may be able to di/+ui% ! good f ! bad1 ! beautiful f ! vile 9 our sy/em ( ?\ght4 #dd ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,=eign ,,relations ,,( ,,*9a ,x is impossible to /udy any ,*9ese "q & ignore ! relations ( ,*9a ) =eign p[]s4 ,!y are always curi\s & g5]ally unique4 ,c]ta9ly any "o :o goes to ,*9a = ! purpose ( /udy+ ! mission "q _c b be /ruck at ! extraord9>y treaty rights possess$ by mission>ies4 ,9 mo/ c\ntries ! tea*] ( religion has no peculi> rights4 ,he is1 alas6 m (t5 bulli$ ?an fav\r$ by ! mod]n ,/ate1 ev5 if t ,/ate %\ld pr(ess itself well incl9$ t[>ds religion4 ,!re=e "o w\ld naturally expect 9 ,*9a1 :]e ,*ri/ianity is reput$ to be dislik$1 t ^? :o tea* x w\ld h to cont5d ) e =m ( disability t a ho/ile ,/ate c\ld inflict4 ,a feel+ ( m>vel comes ov] ! m9d :5 "o realises t 9 ?is l& ( contradictions ! p]secut$ mission>y enjoys q peculi> privileges4 ,! ord9>y =eign] _c1 = in/ance1 travel 9 ,*9a except by ! c\rtesy ( ! ,gov]nm5t--a c\rtesy1 inde$1 :i* is nev] refus$2 b a mission>y may travel freely4 ,! ord9>y =eign] has no "r to /ay 9 any #de t[n 9 ,*9a ) ! exception ( ! treaty ports2 a mission>y may /ay :]e he likes4 ,! ord9>y man _c buy l&2 ! mission>y has a "r to pur*ase l& = ! purpose ( tea*+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,s x came ab\t1 :5 we 7 9 ,*9a1 t ,8 ,maje/y's ,consul1 ) all ! might ( ,engl& at 8 back1 0 unable to buy a suitable site to erect a h\se :]e he c\ld br+ 8 wife4 ,he 0 liv+ 9 a temple1 & temples 9 ,*9a are n v com=table4 ,i %\ld expla9 to ! un9itiat$ t e ,buddhi/ temple has gue/-rooms atta*$ to x--,*9ese rooms l>gely compos$ ( wood5 scre5s2 & ^! temples are let out z resid5ces by a p ^: fai? has less hold ^u _! affections ?an _! purse4 ,n[1 ladies are n z a rule prep>$ to live 9 a h\se ) pap] p>titions 9 a climate :]e ! w9t]s are extremely cold2 s ! ,consul ask$ a mission>y to buy a piece ( l& on :i* he c\ld erect a suitable h\se1 & he _h almo/ succe$$ :5 ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t f\nd out t ! l& 0 n to be us$ = mission>y purposes & refus$ to all[ ! sale4 ,?is does seem a /range situation :5 "o rememb]s t _h t ,consul resign$ 8 appo9tm5t & jo9$ a mission>y body1 he c\ld h b\ght ! l& & settl$ 8 wife com=tably 9 f\r solid /one walls1 b because he 0 ,engl&'s repres5tative & n a mission>y he _h to %iv] betwe5 wood & #df pap] scre5s1 & ?is 9 a c\ntry :i* is suppos$ to hate mission>ies4 ,! explanation ( ?is curi\s situation is really tw(old4 ,fir/1 ! hatr$ t ! (ficial be>s = ! mission>y is n ( su* an int5se "* z to induce him to (f] a v /r5u\s resi/ance to ! mission>ies :o desire to buy l&2 & secondly1 mission>ies h peculi> & special rights secur$ to !m by a s]ies ( treaties among ! mo/ curi\s 9 ! hi/ory ( diplomacy4 ,9 #ahdd ! ,am]icans got by treaty a "r to ! free ex]cise ( ! ,*ri/ian religion 9 ! op5 ports4 ,?is "r1 suffici5tly rem>kable 9 itself1 has (t5 be5 /ipulat$ by a ,/ate = its own nationals resid5t 9 a =eign c\ntry1 b ,i d\bt if x has ev] be=e be5 kn[n = a c\ntry to insi/ on ! "r ( prea*+ a religion to somebody else's citiz5s4 ,?is 0 obvi\sly an int]f]5ce ( ! sov]eign rights ( ,*9a4 ,x 0 pu%$ ev5 fur!r 9 #ahfj4 ,! ,fr5* & ,engli% _h j complet$ ! sack ( ! ,summ] ,palace1 & :atev] ! ju/ice or ! inju/ice ( ! w> may h be51 ,*9a _h ta/$ h] fir/ great lesson ( humiliation f ! h& ( ,we/]n p[]s1 & 0 9 no condition to resi/ any ( _! dem&s4 ,! ,engli% & ! ,fr5* made treaties1 mo/ ( !m conc]n$ ) comm]cial & milit>y matt]s ) :i* x is n necess>y to tr\ble ! read]1 & ! ,fr5* _h a condition :i* 0 q reasonable1 t ! #dg ,*9ese %\ld re/ore all ! build+s t _h be5 de/roy$ 9 ! late tr\bles2 ! word+ ( ! clause 0 s vague t x c\ld be made to apply1 & did apply1 to any build+ :i* _h be5 de/roy$ at any previ\s "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*9a1 b ! mo/ rem>kable "p ( ! clause ne$s fur!r explanation4 ,! ,fr5* _h z _! int]pret] a v able ,jesuit1 ,pre ,delam>re1 & z ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] c\ld n read ,*9ese1 he _h to tru/ 8 int]pret] ) reg>d to ! ,*9ese v]sion1 & ?is man ins]t$ into ! treaty two o!r provisions1 "o secur+ t ,*ri/ians %\ld h a "r to ! free ex]cise ( _! religion all ov] ,*9a1 & ! o!r t ,fr5* mission>ies %\ld h ! "r to r5t l& 9 all ! prov9ces 9 ! empire & to buy & con/ruct h\ses4 ,:5 ?is pi\s fraud 0 discov]$1 ! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ?\ght x w\ld d no good to d5\nce 8 int]pret]1 & !re=e ! treaty 0 treat$ by ! ,fr5* z b9d+ & nev] que/ion$ by ! ,*9ese2 ! o!r p[]s pr(it$ by x "u ! mo/ fav\r$ nation clause4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics a few ye>s lat] pu%$ ! word+ ( ?is treaty to its utt]mo/4 ,_! missions _h be5 at "w = #aej ye>s or m1 & !y c\ld prove a great numb] ( confiscations :i* _h to be made good by ! ,*9ese4 ,j at t "t 9 ,france ,napoleon ,,iii4 0 try+ to e/abli% a d\btful title by ! help ( ! ,pope1 #dh & x 0 8 policy to pu% 9 e way ! int]e/s ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,*9a _h felt ! weight ( ,european armies & %e 0 unable to resi/ ^! claims1 & s x came ab\t t ! v c\ntry :i* n[ is ! c5tre ( free ?\ght 0 ! means ( =c+ ,*ri/ianity ^u ! ,*9ese ?r\gh fe> ( h] arm$ p[]4 ,c y be surpris$ at ! answ] ,i got :5 ,i ask$ a ,*9ese /atesman1 :o ,i knew 0 sympa!tic ) ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity1 :y ,*9a1 :o _h always pr(ess$1 & to a v great ext5t _h practis$ tol]ance1 %\ld p]secute ,*ri/ianity8 ,8 reply 01 ! ,*9ese did n hate ,*ri/ianity1 & 7 inde$ tol]ant ( missions1 b !y /ill dislik$ !m1 because ,*ri/ianity is ! religion ( ! milit>y races1 & !y _h a hi/orical tradition t ! advance ( ,*ri/ianity 0 connect$ ) w>4 ,?is bad reputation has be5 int5sifi$ by ! action ( ! ,g]mans4 ,no reasonable man c condemn ! ,g]mans = wi%+ to enl>ge & develop _! trade4 ,we c und]/& ! patriotic ,g]man say+ t x 0 ! duty ( ,g]many to e/abli% good gov]nm5t 9 ,%antung1 b x is v h>d to und]/& h[ any "o c def5d ! tak+ ( ,kiau*au on ! gr\nd t c]ta9 ,g]man mission>ies _h be5 murd]$4 ,! tak+ ( ,kiau*au by ! ,g]mans has complet$ ! "w begun by ! ,fr5*4 ,*ri/ianity & ! =eign relations ( ,*9a are #di inextricably mix$ up1 & e ,*9aman1 believ$ till lately t ,*ri/ianity 0 ! religion :i* has l$ =eign nations to ent] 8 l&4 ,fir/ ! mission>y1 !n ! trad]1 la/ly ! gunboat1 has be5 too (t5 ! ord] ( advance4 ,i am happy to be able to say t ! ,am]icans & ! ,engli% h made great ef=ts to dissociate !mselves f ?is evil1 & h tri$ to avoid any appe>ance ( su* a connection4 ,i 0 told t 9 ,%ansi1 ow+ to ! indemnity = ! murd]s ( mission>ies be+ reta9$ to ,*9a & sp5t on f\nd+ a ,univ]sity in/ead ( be+ accept$ by ! missions1 ,prote/ant missions are v popul>4 ,y h only to say y are an ,engli% cl]gyman1 said my ,*9ese in=mant1 & e door w be op5 to y4 ,! pres5t aspect ( =eign affairs has t5d$ to de/roy ! un=tunate connection betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & =eign aggression4 ,! two great p[]s ^: armies h met 9 ,man*uria h nei!r ( !m any int]e/ 9 missions4 ,russia has nev] _h any missions 9 ,*9a4 ,%e =bade !m1 ,i und]/&1 because !y 7 likely to embroil h] 9 unnecess>y w>s4 ,japan1 ( c\rse1 has none4 ,! ,g]mans1 :o made ! murd] ( mission>ies ! reason ( aggression1 h n _m mission>ies 9 ,*9a belong+ to _! nationality4 ,*9a1 !re=e1 is com+ to look ^u ,*ri/ianity z n q s dang]\s a ?+ z x seem$ :5 x 0 ess5tially ! religion ( ! ,fr5* & ( ! ,engli% #ej ^: armies & navies !n held ,*9a 9 fe>4 ,/ill ! political situation _c b h great int]e/ to ! mission>y4 ,ev5 :ile he rejoices t ! =eign relations ( ,*9a & 8 "w are n s intimately connect$ z !y us$ to be1 he mu/ ask himself1 :at w ! result to my "w be1 if 9 ! great _w /ruggle ,japan or ,russia %\ld dom9ate8 ,at pres5t he fe>s ,japan m ?an ,russia2 & 8 fe>s are %>$1 b = o!r reasons1 by ! ,*9ese4 ,! wilde/ & mo/ ambiti\s s*emes are accr$it$ to ,japan1 ,i _c say ) h[ mu* tru?4 ,h] purse is empty1 b %e has f> m c\rage & skill 9 w> ?an mo/ nations4 ,if %e possess$ ev5 "o "p ( ,*9a %e might add to h] weal? to su* an ext5t t no race c\ld d>e to oppose h]1 :ile if %e gov]n$ ,*9a1 h] armies1 support$ by ! weal? ( t mighty empire1 might ?reat5 ! /ability ( ,europe4 ,%e is report$ to h two regim5ts work+ z private individuals 9 ,fuki51 & to be prep>$ to seize ! prov9ce 9 case ( any disord]4 ,! fact t !re are _m ,japanese 9 ! prov9ce1 & t all ! ,japanese are tra9$ soldi]s1 gives "s cloak to ?is sugge/ion4 ,! ,fuki5ese speak a diff]5t dialect to ! re/ ( ,*9a1 & !y h a natural geographical fronti]1 :i* w\ld enable ! ,japanese to ma9ta9 !mselves !re if !y 7 once e/abli%$4 ,aga91 ! rec5t ev5ts h %[n t !y are prep>+ to ex]cise sov]eign rights ov] ,*9ese #ea t]ritory 9 ,man*uria4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,russia is arm+2 %e is d\ble-track+ ! railway f ,/4 ,pet]sburg to ,irkutsk1 & %e is gett+ ready aga9 = a /ruggle 9 ,man*uria2 ! gossip among ! (fic]s !re is t !re is to be a w>2 ! ,russians d n = a mom5t reg>d !mselves z defeat$2 !y ?9k ( ! late campaign m]ely z an un=tunate incid5t4 ,b ! mo/ important developm5t 9 ,russian policy is ! propos$ railway across ,mongolia :i* w give ,russia an entrance to ! we/ ( ,*9a & into ,pek+4 ,x is h>d to see h[1 if an advance 7 made along t l9e1 ,japan c\ld 9 any way resi/ ,russia2 ! :ole bread? ( ,*9a w\ld lie betwe5 !m4 ,mean:ile ! ,g]mans ( ! ea/ h p]fect$ a railway sy/em :i* conv]ts ,kiau*au f be+ an out-(-!-way place :i* no "o c>$ ab\t1 to a door into ! v he>t ( ,*9a4 ,9 comm]cial circles 9 ,*9a x is report$ t ! ,comm&ant ( ! ,ti5ts9 g>rison sugge/$ t ! object ( ! build+ ( ! ,g]man ,fleet 0 n s mu* to conqu] ,engl& z to ensure t ,g]many %\ld be able to ma9ta9 h] position 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ & make full use ( ,kiau*au z a way by :i* h] armies might ent] ,*9a4 ,:5 "o looks at ! map & sees h[ ,*9a is surr\nd$ by ^! p[]s1 & h[ !y are press+ ^u h]1 "o realises :y ! ,*9ese are feel+ t ,we/]n education is an absolute necessity1 & t if !y are to ma9ta9 _! #eb indep5d5ce !y mu/ und]/& ! arts ( w>4 ,a great ,vic]oy 0 report$ to h said t he frankly expect$ ,*9a to be conqu]$1 & to le>n f h] conqu]ors ! ,we/]n arts :i* w\ld 9 turn enable h] to dom9ate ! ,we/2 = ?is has be5 h] hi/ory 9 ! pa/1 t may be h] hi/ory 9 ! future1 & ,i ?9k t ! nations1 :o propose to conqu] h]1 w d wisely if !y consid] :at might be ! result ( h] influ5ce on !m4 ,*9a is try+ to def5d h]self by build+ a navy & creat+ an army4 ,! navy is r an opra b\ffe conc]n2 e n[ & !n %e talks ( hav+ %ips2 ! repres5tatives ( all ! %ipbuild]s ( ! _w fly to ,pek+ & try 9 e way to induce ,*9a to buy a fleet :i* !y (f] to provide at ! v %orte/ notice1 b at pres5t %e has none4 ,%e has1 z a practical /ep1 creat$ a tra9+ s*ool ( (fic]s4 ,x consi/s only ( "s #adj m51 & is taught by two ,briti% (fic]s l5t h] by our navy4 ,!y said t !re 0 ! greate/ difficulty 9 gett+ ! ,*9ese to be practical2 !y induc$ ! ,gov]nm5t at la/ to put an old %ip at _! disposal4 ,= a long "t ?is 0 refus$1 & :5 x 0 grant$ x 0 reg>d$ z a mo/ wond]ful & orig9al dep>ture4 ,! ,*9ese way ( tra9+ naval (fic]s w\ld h be5 to h in/ruct$ !m on lit]>y subjects1 & to enc\rage !m to write essays & poems on ! sea4 ,to take !m out on #ec ! ,yangtsze 9 a %ip & actually to %[ !m h[ a %ip 0 manag$1 0 a :olly new idea1 b "o ( :i* !y approve "u ! impulse ( ! mod]n fa%ion ( do+ ?+s 9 accordance ) ,we/]n traditions4 ,z to ! army1 its ext]ior is c]ta9ly n prepossess+2 f> & away ! mo/ effici5t "p ( x has be5 creat$ by ,yuan-,%i-,kei 9 ,man*uria1 & ! ,*9ese are v anxi\s to %[ x to ! pass+ travell]4 ,bo? times :5 we pass$ ?r\gh ,man*uria1 on e /ation 7 arm$ gu>ds1 & 9 "o case !y 7 inspect$ by a ,g5]al :o 0 travell+ 9 our tra94 ,he 0 salut$ by ! (fic]s 9 *>ge 9 ,*9ese fa%ion1 :i* is a modifi$ =m ( a k[-t[1 & consi/s to all int5ts & purposes ( a curtsey4 ,x _h a di/9ctly funny appe>ance to see ! (fic]s 9 *>ge ( ! gu>ds curtsey+ z we /eam$ into ! /ations4 ,d[n at ,nank+ ! army 0 f> less sm>t--9 fact1 x _h ! appe>ance ( be+ a v disord]ly rabble2 ,i und]/& :5 ! ,empress di$ x 0 reg>d$ z su* a dang] t ^? 9 au?ority put ! broad ,yangtsze betwe5 !m & a possible mut9y4 ,! real dang] to ,*9a z reg>ds =eign relations is t h] bad f9ance or h] own want ( discipl9e may br+ ab\t a /ate ( int]nal disord] :i* may compel ! int]f]5ce ( =eign p[]s4 ,la/ ye> ?is ne>ly did happ54 ,two regim5ts mut9i$ & seiz$ a t[n on ! #ed ,yangtsze2 !y /opp$ all communications ) ! outside _w1 & to all int5ts & purposes 7 9 a fair way to comm5ce a rebellion4 ,close by !m 7 sev]al o!r regim5ts :o might be expect$ to ?r[ 9 _! lot ) !m1 & ! position 0 v critical4 ,! mission>ies inside ! t[n 7 9 fe> ( _! lives1 & ) difficulty manag$ to communicate ) ! ,briti% ,consul & to tell him ( _! plight4 ,he ord]$ a gunboat to g d[n1 & ! pres5ce ( ! gunboat intimidat$ ! mut9e]s4 ,at ! same "t ! ,gov]nor ( ! city %[$ rem>kable c\rage 9 go+ r\nd ! t[n pacify+ ! mob4 ,! au?orities 7 able to move 9 two o!r regim5ts1 :o _h no sympa?y ) ! mut9y4 ,! mut9e]s 7 dis>m$ & ! incid5t clos$4 ,b su* an incid5t may occur at any mom5t4 ,! condition ( ! c\ntry is su* t any:]e a ris+ may occur1 & ! fire once alight may be h>d to ext+ui%2 ! result ( ! conflagration mu/ be t ! p[]s mu/ ent] to secure ! safety ( _! nationals4 ,altoge!r poor ,*9a is 9 a dang]\s position 9 reg>d to h] =eign relations2 all r\nd h] e*oes ! cry1 ,y mu/ re=m or disappe>4 ,e railway t is made1 e loan t is float$1 e trade t is op5$ up1 br+ to ,*9a increas$ responsibilities 9 h] =eign relations4 ,if %e by h] good gov]nm5t & read9ess to re=m c %[ t %e is able to ma9ta9 #ee ord] 9 h] own l&1 & to give to =eign]s an equal security to t !y h 9 any o!r c\ntry1 h] empire may endure = _m hundr$ ye>s2 b if %e be f\nd want+ at ! pres5t "t & ! corruption ( h] (ficials r5d]s h] unable to ma9ta9 ord] 9 h] c\ntry or to fulfil h] f9ancial obligations1 a new phase 9 ,*9ese hi/ory w be rea*$1 :i* w1 ,i believe1 be ( extraord9>y dang] to ,europe2 ,*9a w yield to ! milit>y might ( ! ,we/ only to rise aga9 to dom9ate ^? :o dom9at$ h]4 ,! mission>y :o looks at ^! d>k cl\ds :i* surr\nd ,*9a1 ! l& ( 8 adoption1 feels t !re is only "o c\rse to take1 namely1 ! c\rse t he is tak+1 to try & build up 9 ,*9a a high tone ( morality1 f\nd$ on religion1 :i* may enable h] to accept necess>y re=ms & to put h]self abrea/ ( o!r nations4 #ef ,,*apt] ,v ,,*9ese ,,civilisation--,,its ,,weak ,,side ,i d n suppose t we c h any conception ( ! am\nt ( suff]+ :i* goes on at ! pres5t "t 9 ,*9a4 ,! fir/ "t we 7 9 ,*9a ,i _h ! hon\r ( meet+ a ,mr4 ,ede1 :o _h j return$ f di/ribut+ food 9 a fam9e-/rick5 di/rict1 & 8 description 0 truly t]rible2 ! "y m5 _h walk$ away & f\nd "w 9 o!r di/ricts1 b ! old p & ! *ildr5 _h to rema94 ,:at _h caus$ ! fam9e 9 ?is case 0 *>act]i/ic ( unre=m$ ,*9a2 ,*9a's sorr[1 ! riv] ,hoang-ho1 _h done :at x is ev] do+1 t is1 x _h flood$ a di/rict4 ,:5 y pass ov] x1 x looks mo/ innocu\s4 ,x is :olly unable1 z a rule1 to fill its own va/ b$1 :i* is cov]$ ) delightful s&s1 rem9d+ "o m ?an any?+ else ( ! sea-%ore at l[ tide2 b ?is s& is :at makes x dang]\s1 = x is n good heavy ,engli% s&1 b a light s& :i* is call$ loess1 & :5 ! riv] comes d[n 9 a flood--t is to say1 :5 !y h ra9y wea!r 9 ,?ibet or ! sun %9es unduly on ,himalayan sn[s--?is s& is c>ri$ along ) ! wat]1 #eg & x is ass]t$ inde$ t ! riv] consi/s m ( s& ?an ( wat]2 z ! riv] slack5s ! s& is deposit$ & ! b$ is fill$ up1 ) ! result t ! next flood1 tak+ ! ,*9ese unaw>es1 ov]fl[s its banks & r$uces a huge di/rict to pov]ty2 !y _c s[ _! fields because !y _c see !m4 ,( c\rse ! au?orities %\ld n be tak5 by surprise & ! banks %\ld be made up1 & canals %\ld be cut to take away ! wat] 9 case ( a flood2 an enlight5$ ,*9ese eng9e] assur$ me he _h a s*eme = rais+ ! level ( huge di/ricts ( ,*9a by us+ ?is peculi> "* ( ! ,hoang-ho & turn+ its s& & wat] flood on to b>e places1 & he ass]t$ t ! results 7 mo/ wond]fully successful1 & t di/ricts :i* 7 unf]tile be=e1 :5 well wa%$ & cov]$ up ) ?is loess1 became f]tile4 ,/ill1 h[ev] b5eficial a flood may be to ! l& 9 ! end1 its imm$iate result is to />ve ! population :o are flood$ out1 = !y h no res]ves ( food4 ,9 ! case already ref]r$ to1 ! c\ntry 0 a long "t "u wat]1 because a canal :i* %\ld h dra9$ x away 0 n kept cle>4 ,! money _h be5 paid1 b1 z (t5 happ5s 9 ,*9a1 ! "w _h n be5 done4 ,! action t ! au?orities took 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,*9ese gov]nm5t4 ,*9a possesses ! sy/em ( int]nal cu/om-h\ses--a sy/em :i* ! wilde/ advocate ( ,t>iff ,re=m w\ld h>dly l #eh to see introduc$ into ,europe2 ^! cu/om-h\ses are call$ ,lik91 & are a s\rce at once ( a great deal ( pr(it to ! prov9ces & ( irritation to all trad]s4 ,! ,*9ese us$ ^! cu/om-h\ses to eng9e] a corn] 9 rice by :i* ! area ( sc>city ( food 0 enorm\sly increas$ & sev]al (ficials amass$ consid]able sums ( money2 by ! law ( ,*9a x is illegal to export rice ev5 f "o prov9ce to ano!r2 ?is law 0 put 9 =ce1 & ! rice supply 0 cut (f2 at ! same "t e>ly 9 ! fam9e c]ta9 ri* m5 b\ght up rice freely1 ) ! result t x rose to a v high figure1 s t r\nd ! area ( fam9e & desolation !re 0 an area ( sc>city & %ortage4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( food f all p>ts ( ! _w 0 s5t by ! fam9e funds1 b x 0 v difficult to induce ! (ficials to all[ ! food to ent] ! fam9e di/rict4 ,!y 7 fill$ ) all sorts ( scruples4 ,!y 7 afraid1 = in/ance1 t ! /eam]s t[+ ! b>ges full ( food on a canal :i* _h n be=e be5 op5$ = /eam]s1 might excite ! ho/ility ( ! population2 !y 7 c\rte\s1 !y 7 diplomatic1 b !y 7 ob/ructive2 & s x came ab\t t :ile !re 0 a fam9e 9 "o di/rict ( ,*9a1 9 ! o!r di/ricts !re 0 a v heavy surplus1 ( :i* !y _h difficulty 9 dispos+4 ,all ?is did n create ! slighte/ surprise 9 ^? :o knew ,*9a4 ,:5 ! /ory 0 told #ei u all ! old ,*9ese h&s m]ely said1 ,h[ l ,*9a1 or ,j l !m4 ,?is 0 our fir/ insight into :at ! civilisation ( ,*9a means1 & !re=e = ! fir/ "t we realis$ ! problem t is be=e ! _w--! problem :i* mission>ies1 ) great devotion1 are try+ to solve4 ,*9ese civilisation is n1 z _m p imag9e x to be1 a m]e c\rtesy title = a /ate 9 reality only a degree (f b>b>ism4 ,_m ( my humbl] p>i%ion]s1 = in/ance1 :5 we left = ,*9a1 rank$ ! ,*9ese z some?+ v ne> cannibals1 & ,i d n ?9k !y w\ld h be5 9 ! lea/ surpris$ to he> t we _h be5 roa/$ & eat5 by ! natives4 ,! ,*9ese h p]haps a great] "r to be call$ civilis$ ?an we h on ?is side ( ! _w2 _! civilisation dates f eras we are accu/om$ to call ,biblical4 ,confucius & ,ezra repres5t contemporane\s ideas--ideas t are n :olly diff]5t 9 ?\ght4 ,:ile on ! o!r side ( ! globe civilisation has be5 h&$ f nation to nation1 & a civilis$ race has become b>b>\s & a b>b>\s race civilis$1 ! ,*9ese1 )\t mak+ any v great advance1 h /eadily proce$$ along a pa? ( progress1 & at ! pres5t "t !y possess a v c>efully organis$ sy/em ( society4 ,on pap] ! :ole ?+ is p]fect3 ! ,emp]or at ! top1 ! ,vic]oys ov] ea* prov9ce1 "u !m ! ,prefectures1 & s d[n to ! village community #fj 9 ! c\ntry or ! trade guild 9 ! t[n4 ,! sy/em ( gov]nm5t is s p]fect t !y claim t !y are able to discov] any individual want$ among ^? #djj1jjj1jjj ( ,*9ese1 unless 8 disguise is v p]fect4 ,:5 we 7 *att+ ov] ! revolution>ies & talk+ ab\t a c]ta9 doctor dodg+ 9 & out ( ,*9a at ! risk ( 8 life1 ,i said t ,i wond]$ t !re 0 any difficulty at all = a man :o 0 br$ 9 ! c\ntry w&]+ :]e he lik$1 & ,i 0 assur$ t su* 0 ! organisation ( ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t t !y c\ld lay h&s ev5 9 ! remote/ village on anybody if !y requir$ him1 & t ! only way a revolution>y c\ld hope to escape arre/ 0 by a mo/ p]fect & complete disguise4 ,) ?is spl5did organisation is jo9$ great solid>ity4 ,! ,*9ese race are ess5tially "o4 ,if x 7 y\r duty to look ?r\gh reports com+ f ,*9a1 z x has be5 m9e1 ! fir/ ?+ t w\ld /rike y w\ld be its ess5tial on5ess2 y w n f9d m diff]5ce betwe5 diff]5t p>ts ( ,*9a ?an !re is betwe5 ,engl& & ,irel&4 ,i d n = a mom5t mean to say t !re are no diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,*9ese--t w\ld be untrue2 b y w n f9d su* a diff]5ce z "o might expect f ! div]sity ( geographical conditions4 ,! civilisation is ess5tially simil>4 ,x is a civilisation ) great m]its4 ,! population is sob]1 indu/ri\s1 & p]haps ,i might add hone/1 #fa all lov]s ( ,*9a w c]ta9ly agree2 b if y are writ+1 z ,i am1 to p :o h nev] be5 out ( ,engl&1 ,i ?9k y w h to qualify ! phrase ) "s su* a "o z hone/ z comp>$ ) o!r ,ori5tals1 or hone/ :5 contra/$ ) ! ,japanese4 ,!y are also extremely ob$i5t2 _! idea ( ! respect :i* %\ld be paid to au?ority f> exce$s t :i* prevails on ?is side ( ! globe4 ,i ?9k we may add ) tru? t great numb]s ( !m are v loyal to _! employ]s4 ,b :5 ?is mu* has be5 said1 ! d>k side ( _! civilisation mu/ be add$--x is ess5tially corrupt & cruel2 ! ideas ( hon\r1 purity1 m]cy are b too little und]/ood4 ,mission>ies assur$ u t !re 0 no ^w = purity t c\ld be appli$ to a man1 :ile ! same ^w /&s = hone/y & /upidity4 ,yet ?is nation is 9 _m ways well fitt$ = ! me*anical age 9 :i* we live4 ,:at ! own] ( ! factory wants is an indu/ri\s1 sob]1 & ob$i5t man1 & he does n want1 or at lea/ does n realise t he wants1 an hon\rable1 pure1 & m]ciful man4 ,! ,*9aman w be 9 8 elem5t 9 ! factory2 ! long h\rs ( monoton\s toil w n be unpleasant to him2 he is always sob]--9 fact1 he is by nature & culture ! ideal factory h&2 & yet ?is is :at con/itutes 8 dang]4 ,he w t5d to introduce into ,europe ! vices :i* are n[ desolat+ 8 own c\ntry1 unless1 inde$1 #fb ! ,european tea*] c help him to eradicate ^? vices4 ,i h giv5 y "s idea ( 8 corruption by ! /ory told at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 b we he>d _m o!rs all to ! same effect4 ,we w5t up ! ,yangtsze 9 "o ( ! ,*9a ,m]*ants' boats ) an old ,sw$i% capta9 :o lik$ ! ,*9ese & r dislik$ ! mission>ies1 s 8 evid5ce 0 n biass$ by any wi% to prove t our civilisation 0 m p]fect ?an t ( ! ,*9ese4 ,we ask$ him :y x 0 t he be+ a ,european %\ld be capta9 ( a %ip t 0 own$ by ,*9ese1 & l>gely us$ by !m4 ,he told u t ! ,*9ese m]*ants _h once tri$ to h a ,*9ese capta91 b ! mom5t ! %ip rea*$ ! fir/ port ( ! ,yangtsze1 ! cu/om (fic]s 7 on bo>d rummag+ "h & rummag+ !re4 ,v soon a l>ge am\nt ( contrab& 0 f\nd on ! %ip1 put !re ) ! k ( ! capta94 ,! consequ5ce 0 ! %ip 0 f9$ & delay$4 ,!y tri$ ,*9ese capta9s aga9 & aga9 ) ! same result1 & s !y h be5 r$uc$ to employ ,europeans to secure hon\rable (fic]s4 ,he1 h[ev]1 _h to confess t ! ,*9ese di/ru/$ ! sobriety ( ! ,european (fic]s1 & assur$ u t ! old comprador on bo>d1 "o ( ^: duties app>5tly 0 to look aft] ! pass5g]s & take _! tickets1 0 9 reality a spy on !m4 ,p]haps ! be/ in/ance ( ! corruption ( ! #fc ,*9ese is _! action ) reg>d to ! curr5cy4 ,9 ! good old days ! curr5cy ( ,*9a 0 ! silv] %oe or +ot1 :i* _h no exact weight1 & _h !re=e to be weigh$ at e transaction4 ,bel[ t 0 ! copp] curr5cy1 :i* _h no fix$ relation to ! silv] curr5cy1 b only ! relation ( copp] to silv]4 ,a copp] ca%1 !re=e1 repres5t$ only its actual value 9 copp]4 ,x 0 naturally a mo/ unwieldy co94 ,! old books ( travel 9 ,*9a give lam5table pictures ( ! travell] rid+ ab\t ) huge /r+s ( copp] ca% almo/ cru%+ him ) _! weight4 ,:5 ! :ites began to trade 9 ,*9a !y introduc$ ! ,mexican doll> ) its subsidi>y co9age1 & ?is 0 ! common curr5cy 9 all ! ports until a few ye>s ago2 b :5 ! ,*9ese began to ,we/]nise !y consid]$ x inconsi/5t ) _! dignity n to h a co9age ( _! own4 ,l$ by ! ,japanese1 & assi/$ by sev]al firms ^: speciality 0 ! erection ( m9ts & m9tage ma*9]y1 !y />t$ m9ts all ov] ! c\ntry1 & !y h kept ^! m9ts busy ) ! mo/ fune/e results4 ,to beg9 )1 !y co9$ a doll> 9 imitation ( ! ,mexican doll>1 b ev5 9 ?is ! m9ts did n agree4 ,"s doll>s are v light1 "s slightly bel[ value1 & "s are ne>ly true4 ,! fir/ exp]i5ce ( ! travell] is t he possesses 9 8 pocket a set ( co9s :i* no "o w accept1 except at a great r$uction4 ,b ! muddle goes fur!r ?an t4 ,x 0 v pr(itable co9+ light co9s1 #fd b x 0 /ill m pr(itable to d s 9 ! l[] d5om9ations4 ,! ,*9ese ?\ght1 or *ose to ?9k1 t x did n matt] :at ! intr9sic value ( a #aj-;c5t piece 0 z long z y wrote on x #aj c5ts4 ,!y h no bank or po/-(fice :]e y h a legal "r to get a doll> = t5 #aj-;c5t pieces1 & ! result !re=e ( recklessly co9+ ! base #aj-;c5t pieces has be5 n only to depreciate x ) reg>d to ! doll>1 b to make x an unc]ta9 value1 s t y mu/ g to ! money ex*ang]s almo/ e morn+ & ask = ! rate ( ex*ange betwe5 ! doll> & ! small silv] pieces4 ,( c\rse at e /ep on ?is d[nw>d pa? ! (ficials conc]n$ made a great deal ( money2 _! next /ep 0 to deal ) ! copp] co9 9 ! same way1 s n[ !re is no fix$ relation betwe5 ! copp] co9age & ! silv] co9age1 nor betwe5 ! l>ge copp] & ! small1 & ?is is /ill fur!r confus+1 z ! prov9ces hav+ diff]5t m9ts h doll>s ( diff]5t values4 ,& n[ ,i he> t !y h begun to make money by debas+ ! old silv] %oe co9age1 :i*1 ?\gh x is sold by weight1 us$ to h a c]ta9 /&>d ( purity1 & !y h issu$ ca% :i* h no intr9sic value at all1 & t d n repres5t ! fraction ( a co9 hav+ any intr9sic value4 ,! result ( ?is curr5cy ,rake's ,progress has be5 to produce :at corruption always does produce--widespread pov]ty4 ,ev]ybody *eats4 ,! /ationma/]s #fe along ! l9e assure ! ,european sup]9t5d5ts t ! f>es are always paid 9 ! mo/ debas$ co9age1 & x is v h>d to d5y ! probability ( ?is4 ,b ( c\rse ! /ationma/]s take c>e if any co9 comes to _! h& :i* is n debas$ to d a bit ( ex*ange on _! own acc\nt4 ,if ,*9ese civilisation is corrupt1 x is also cruel1 n ) ! wild tempe/u\s cruelty ( ! savage1 b ) ! cruelty ( ! civilis$ man :o at once uses human suff]+ z ! be/ eng9e = human gov]nm5t1 & nev] c>es to cure x unless he has "s pecuni>y object 9 view4 ,! ,*9ese are inur$ to pa91 & "s p argue t !y d n feel x to ! same degree z ,we/]n nations4 ,no d\bt ! s5sation ( pa9 is int5sifi$ 9 p ( highly develop$ n]v\s organisation1 & ! ,*9ese h a n]v\s organisation ( a v quiesc5t k9d4 ,i rememb]1 :5 we fir/ l&$ at ,hong-,kong1 be+ /ruck by a ,*9aman :o _h *os5 z 8 b$ = 8 midday sie/a an ord9>y piece ( granite curb+2 & z y g along 9 ! tra9 e freight c> t y pass has "s "o sleep+ on x to protect x f robb]y1 & a truck ( coals or a load ( /one is obvi\sly reg>d$ z a mo/ com=table re/+-place4 ,"s ( ! doctors ma9ta9$ t ?is 0 ! case ?r\gh\t _! n]v\s sy/em--!y 7 ins5sitive to pa92 o!rs said t pa91 l ev]y?+ else1 is a ?+ to :i* y c get accu/om$1 & t pa9 has play$ s l>ge a "p 9 _! lives t !y are #ff accu/om$ to x1 & are n !re=e afraid ( x4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! foot-b9d+ ( ! wom52 e family 9 ,*9a mu/ be accu/om$ to he> ! sobs & cries ( ! little girls z !y are go+ ?r\gh ! fir/ /ages ( foot-b9d+4 ,or take aga9 ! public flogg+2 all ! work+ classes ( ,*9a mu/ be q accu/om$ to ! idea t m5 are flogg$ = c]ta9 (f5ces till _! fle% is ( ! consi/5cy ( a jelly4 ,a doctor1 describ+ ! /ate 9 :i* m5 are br\ght into ! hospital aft] su* flogg+s1 said t x 0 a difficult matt] to avoid mortification sett+ 91 & x 0 only ) v c>eful treatm5t t !y c\ld be cur$1 ! :ole fle% hav+ to sl\gh away1 be+ absolutely cru%$ & batt]$4 ,yet ?is /range p are s indiff]5t to ^! horrors1 t ev5 ^? :o suff] w laugh amid/ _! suff]+s4 ,we 7 told ! foll[+ tale1 :e!r true or n ,i _c say4 ,a man 0 be+ bamboo$ = an (f5ce1 & a/oni%$ ! (ficials by laugh+ all ! "t2 ! m he 0 flogg$ ! h>d] he laugh$1 till at la/ ^? :o 7 puni%+ him /opp$ to ask him ! reason ( 8 mir?4 ,y h got ! wrong man1 he said4 ,x is always a com=t to h a ke5 s5se ( hum\r4 ,i d n ?9k !re is any?+ m awful ?an ! descriptions "o has z to ! indiff]5ce to suff]+ t is display$ by ! av]age ,*9aman4 ,i rememb] a /ory told me by a sailor4 ,z a %ip #fg 0 be+ load$1 a man1 obvi\sly on ! v]ge ( dea?1 came & ask$ = "w1 b fail$ to get x4 ,%ortly aft] he 0 se5 hang+ ab\t ! %ip1 & at night !y f\nd him ly+ betwe5 "s bales4 ,he 0 turn$ out1 b he con/antly crept back1 fir/ to "o place1 !n to ano!r1 till at la/ ! sailor came to "k 8 face q well4 ,"o day1 z ! sailor w5t a%ore1 he 0 attract$ by a little cr[d look+ at some?+1 & ?is prov$ to be ! poor fell[ 9 8 dea? /ruggle1 ly+ 9 a gutt] ( wat]4 ,he call$ ! att5tion ( a ,*9ese policeman to him4 ,! ,*9ese policeman expla9$ t he w\ld move him :5 he 0 dead1 z he _h ord]s to remove all corpses1 b t he c\ld n move him :ile he 0 alive4 ,dr4 ,mackl9 ( ,nank+ told u /ory aft] /ory ( ! way 9 :i* ! ,*9ese w\ld leave p 9 a dy+ condition on ! road4 ,a little "t ago he _h ridd5 into an old temple1 & !re he saw a man app>5tly asleep1 b on look+ at him m closely1 he saw t 8 eyes 7 wide op5 & t ! flies 7 walk+ "r across 8 eyeballs1 %[+ t he 0 q ins5sitive4 ,he call$ to "o or two m5 & ask$ !m to help him to c>ry ?is poor suff]] to "s h\se ne>1 b !y c\ld n or w\ld n f9d a h\se to keep him 92 & s 9 ! end ,dr4 ,mackl9 det]m9$ to take him /raight back to ,nank+1 :i* he did4 ,!re he adm9i/]$ a v heavy dose ( qu99e hypod]mically1 ) ! result t ! man soon %[$ #fh signs ( return+ consci\sness4 ,x 0 a case ( malignant mal>ia1 & _h he n be5 f\nd by ,dr4 ,mackl91 ! man mu/ h be5 eat5 by wild dogs or h di$ f ! disease2 z x 0 he recov]$1 & prov$ to be a h>d-work+ "y f>m] :o 0 9 se>* ( "w1 z 8 home _h be5 ru9$ by a local failure ( crops4 ,he _h app>5tly contract$ mal>ia1 & ow+ to 8 poor & ill-n\ri%$ condition x _h gone h>dly ) him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*9ese ,,civilisation3 ,,its ,,bad ,,side--,,an ,,old ,,begg>4 ,,its ,,good ,,side--,a ,,g>d5 ,b /ory aft] /ory 0 told u always to ! same effect--t ! quality ( m]cy is n highly e/eem$ by ! ,*9ese4 ,! appeal ! begg> makes to y z he runs aft] y is ! old ,buddhi/ appeal1 :i* aft] all is ess5tially selfi%1 z he besee*es y to acquire m]it by help+ him2 we mu/ rememb] t ev5 ?is reason = m]cy is despis$ by ! g5try & lit]ati ( ,*9a z ess5tially belong+ to ,buddhism4 ,p]haps ! mo/ lurid /ories t we he>d 7 up riv]4 ,"o came f ! c\ntry ( ! ,lolos4 ,! ,*9ese 7 go+ out to fight ! ,lolos1 & ! mission>y saw !m c>ry+ a h&some "y man b\nd on a plank s t he c\ld n move--s b\nd t 8 head 0 ?r[n back4 ,aft] c]ta9 c]emonies !y cut ! man's ?roat1 & scatt]$ ! blood on ! flags2 x 0 a sort ( human sacrifice4 ,ano!r /ory we he>d f "s devot$ ,franciscan ,si/]s up at ,i*ang4 ,!y assur$ u t if a "m f\nd h] *ildr5 #fi weakly1 & %e lo/ "o or two1 %e w\ld make up h] m9d t ! reason !y 7 ill 0 because an evil _s _h a grudge aga9/ h]4 ,%e w\ld !n take "o ( h] rema9+ *ildr51 &1 9 ! hope ( propitiat+ ! evil _s1 %e w\ld burn t *ild alive4 ,we c\ld n believe ?is /ory 0 true2 b t ev5+ we saw "s h>d-work+ ,presbyt]ian ladies1 common-s5se effici5t ,scot*wom51 & !y assur$ u t x 0 q true4 #gj ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,*9ese ,,civilisation--,,its ,,good ,,side ,x w\ld give a v false idea ( ! ,*9ese if great /ress 7 n laid on ! good side ( _! civilisation4 ,!y h _m f9e qualities1 & 9 m ?an "o po9t !y are sup]ior to ! nom9al ,*ri/ianity ( "s ,we/]n c\ntries4 ,! fir/ ?+ p]haps t /rikes a =eign] :5 he is br\ght into contact ) ! ,*9ese is _! great c\rtesy2 _! lit]ati are su* g5tlefolk4 ,ev5 ! less cultur$ p h mo/ ref9$ mann]s2 no "o is ev] rude2 & "o ( ! ?+s !y _c und]/& is h[ we c e/eem a r\gh1 frank1 hone/ man4 ,!re is a case :5 !y w\ld n appo9t a c]ta9 ,engli%man to a comm]cial po/1 pref]r+ a man ( f> less atta9m5ts & ( mu* %ort] s]vice1 because ! =m] 0 rude4 ,t 0 en\gh4 ,x 0 no use tell+ !m t 8 hone/y 0 above suspicion1 t he 0 a reliable bus9ess man1 t he 0 v h>d work+1 t he _h _m ye>s ( h>d s]vice beh9d him2 !y all[$ all ?is freely1 b !y %rugg$ _! %\ld]s & said1 ,! tru? is1 he is su* a rude fell[1 & he w give su* v great (f5ce by 8 bad mann]s1 s !y w\ld n h him4 #ga ,:5 a visitor ent]s a ,yam51 he realises t 8 mann]s mu/ be ^? ( a mo/ poli%$ diplomat4 ,be=e him walks a s]vant1 hold+ al(t 8 visit+ c>d4 ,"o really ought to h special ,*9ese c>ds pr9t$ on beautiful %eets ( r$ pap] ) que]-look+ *>act]s on !m sett+ =? "o's rank & "n4 ,h[ev]1 9 ^! days ( admiration ( ! ,we/1 our poor little :ite c>ds are consid]$ adequate4 ,! ,vic]oy or (ficial meets ! visitor1 en?usia/ically %ak+ 8 own h&s--! ,*9ese salutation--& b[+ l[2 ! p>ticul> door at :i* he meets 8 gue/ m>ks ! am\nt ( respect he wi%es to pay him1 & is !re=e ( "s importance4 ,9 my case1 :5 my ho/ 0 fav\rable to high] education1 ,i 0 receiv$ 9 ! out] c\rt4 ,at e door !re 0 a polite conte/ z to :o %\ld g ?r\gh x fir/1 & at la/ we f\nd ourselves 9 a room :]e tea1 dess]t1 *ampagne1 & cig>ettes 7 (f]$1 al?\gh ( ! two latt] ,i 0 unwor?y4 ,!n began ! conv]sation4 ,i f\nd less /iffness once ,i _h expla9$ t ,i came to ga!r op9ions ab\t a s*eme = education4 ,aft] ! /ately int]view 0 ov] !re 0 an equally c]emoni\s leave-tak+4 ,?\gh ! me?ods ( ! ,*9ese 9 do+ bus9ess may be exasp]at+ to a ,we/]n ^: "t is money & :o wants !m to come to "s imm$iate decision1 !y are inv>iably delightful & c\rte\s 9 all _! negotiations4 ,?is c\rtesy is all ! direct result ( ,confucian tea*+4 ,/ress is #gb laid !re on c\rte\s behavi\r1 p]haps ev5 to a degree :i* may /rike ! ,we/]n travell] z absurd4 ,?is c\rtesy1 ,i und]/&1 ext5ds ev5 to ^? ( l[] degree4 ,y\r s]vant 9 speak+ to ano!r calls him bro!r1 & no?+ makes ! s]vant despise 8 ma/] s mu* z see+ him lose 8 temp]3 x is to 8 m9d a m>k ( our savag]y4 ,! ,*9ese h high] virtues ?an c\rtesy4 ,!y are ess5tially indu/ri\s4 ,y h only to look at a ,*9aman's g>d5 to realise ! ext5t to :i* he possesses ?is quality4 ,i am c]ta9 t ^? p :o are pr\d ( ! culture ( _! kit*5 g>d5s w\ld be surpris$ & a%am$ if !y c\ld comp>e !m ) ^? ( a ,*9aman4 ,"o passes g>d5 aft] g>d5 ) r[s ( plants plac$ at ev5 di/ances & e plant exactly ! "r di/ance 9 ^? r[s1 ) nev] a we$ to be se5 all ov] ! :ole plot4 ,aga9 9 h&icraft !re is ! same indu/ry2 y buy ,*9ese embroid]y = a song 9 su* a place z ,*ang%a4 ,no "o w tell y t ,*9am5 ev] object to l5g? ( h\rs2 !y are ideal m5 = "w t ne$s c>e & accuracy4 ,aga9 !y are v pati5t4 ,a monoton\s task is n at all unpleas+ to !m4 ,an acute ,fr5* obs]v] us$ ! ^w r\t9ire 9 describ+ ?is *>act]i/ic4 ,ev5 9 intellectual "w ?is lik+ = monoton\s repetition w %[ itself4 ,"o ( ! doctors told u t he _h ! v greate/ #gc difficulty 9 induc+ 8 pupils n to p]petuate 8 mo/ casual ge/ures :5 he 0 demon/rat+4 ,= in/ance1 :5 tea*+ bact]iology1 q unconsci\sly he might f "t to "t put an in/rum5t d[n on ! table1 & j t\* x aga94 ,mon?s aft] he w\ld f9d "o ( 8 pupils :5 do+ ! same exp]im5t repeat+ e ge/ure he _h accid5tally made ) c>eful imitation4 ,x 0 cle> t ! /ud5t _h monoton\sly cont9u$ to practice ^! ge/ures = no o!r reason b t he _h se5 8 ma/] make !m4 ,all ^? words :i* our writ]s on social subjects are s fond ( indit+ aga9/ ! mod]n factory sy/em h no mean+ to ! ,*9aman4 ,^? compla9ts ab\t long h\rs at me*anical "w r5d]+ ! work] little bett] ?an a ma*9e are d\btless true ( ! :ite race1 b are q beside ! po9t z appli$ to ! ,*9ese4 ,if ! ,*9aman is well paid 9 ! factory he w pref] r ?an o!rwise t ! "w %\ld be me*anical2 he w n m9d if ! h\rs are long4 ,aga91 he is *e]ful & cont5t$ "u v adv]se circum/ances4 ,:5 we 7 be+ r[$ 9 a native boat up ! ,yangtsze1 & ! m5 7 /ra9+ e n]ve aga9/ ! curr5t1 :ile !y 7 *ill$ by a drizzl+ ra91 !re 0 nev] a ^w ( discont5t2 !y 7 always *e]ful & bright1 good-temp]$ & m]ry4 ,_! highe/ quality is ob$i5ce1 :i* is ! result ( _! ,confucian culture4 ,! c5tral virtue #gd ( t tea*+ is ob$i5ce to p>5ts1 & !y hold t doctr9e to a degree :i* to ! ,we/]n m9d seems exagg]at$4 ,"o ( ! gr[n-up sons ( a ,*9ese cl]gyman did some?+ :i* he consid]$ unbecom+ 9 a ,*ri/ian2 to ! surprise ( ! mission>y1 he did n hesitate to adm9i/] a s\nd ?ra%+ to 8 son1 :i* ! "y man took )\t ! slighte/ resi/ance1 & 9 ?is action ! cl]gyman 0 support$ by ! public op9ion ( ! congregation4 ,?is quality gives to ,*9a its great p[]1 & x is "o ( ! po9ts 9 :i* !re is ! greate/ div]g5ce betwe5 ! tea*+ ( ! ,we/ & ( ! ,ea/4 ,e ,*9aman po9ts out to y h[ little ,we/]ns c>e = _! p>5ts4 ,i rememb] a ,*9ese g5tleman expla9+ 9 a patronis+ way to ! o!r ,*9ese t1 /range ?\gh x seem$1 he knew x z a fact t "o ( ! comm&m5ts ( our religion really 0 t we %\ld hon\r our p>5ts4 ,7 x n = ?is pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce :i* is implant$ 9 ! m9d ( e ,*9aman1 ! gov]nm5t ( ,*9a w\ld sc>cely endure = a day2 b he is taught f 8 e>lie/ y\? to obey 8 fa!r1 n z we tea* 9 ! ,we/ because ! *ild is unable to ?9k & und]/&1 s t ob$i5ce to p>5ts is a virtue :i* mu/ fall into disuse z k increases1 b z an absolute duty1 a duty equally incumb5t on a man ( =ty z on a *ild ( f\r4 ,?is pr9ciple is ext5d$ to t ( civil gov]nm5t2 ! local #ge (ficial is 9 _! qua9t phrase ! fa!r & "m ( 8 p1 & ! ob$i5ce to p>5ts taught 9 *ildhood is !re=e ext5d$ to ^? :o gov]n4 ,no ,*9aman has any d\bt b t ! fir/ duty ( man is ob$i5ce to au?ority4 ,let u hope ^! qualities w ev] endure4 ,:at may happ51 &1 alas1 ,i am afraid1 is at ! pres5t mom5t happ5+1 is t ! two civilisations may be s bl5d$ toge!r t ! qualities ( ea* may be lo/ & its peculi> virtues de/roy$ :ile its *>act]i/ic vices are pres]v$4 ,! great qualities ( ob$i5ce to p>5ts1 ( c\rtesy to /rang]s1 are be+ =gott54 ,! ,*9aman educat$ 9 ! ,/ates is rude & abrupt2 he fancies t x is ,we/]n & bus9ess-l4 ,e ,*9ese g5tleman to :om ,i talk$1 all[$ t "o ( ! wor/ results ( ,we/]n tea*+ _h be5 t a ,we/]nis$ ,*9aman 0 less ob$i5t & respectful to 8 p>5ts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,we/]nis$ ,*9aman does n acquire ! peculi> virtues ( ! ,engli%man4 ,! sup]ficial ,*9ese ?9k] wants ,*9a to le>n only ! mat]ial side ( our civilisation1 to pr(it by our me*anical excell5ce )\t le>n+ any?+ ( our e?ics4 ,8 view is t ! ,we/ is immoral b weal?y2 he reg>ds ,europe z ! place :]e !re is no pr9ciple except+ money-wor%ip1 & !re=e he argues t if y w\ld ,we/]nise ,*9a y mu/ despise morality & seek = money4 ,*ang-,*ih-,tung voic$ ?is ?\ght :5 he said1 #gf ,we/]n education is practical1 ,*9ese education is moral4 ,if y try to argue ) a ?\ghtless ,*9aman :o has p]haps nev] left ,*9a1 & ^: only exp]i5ce ( ,we/]n life is :at he has se5 9 a treaty port1 y w f9d t x is h>d to conv9ce him t ,we/]n education produces a high moral tone4 ,aft] all we may1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 be to blame = _! want ( appreciation ( ! morality ( ! ,we/1 = too (t5 we %[ to ! ,*9ese a v degrad$ side ( our civilisation2 & ?\gh ,i d n ?9k t ,%anghai at ! pres5t m]its ! t]m t 0 appli$ to x fifty ye>s ago ( be+ a moral s9k1 yet und\bt$ly ! treaty ports1 bo? by _! con/itution & by _! geographical position1 collect v unpleasant specim5s ( :ite civilisation4 ,!re are a c]ta9 numb] ( m5 :o sp5d a great "p ( _! exi/5ce be+ deport$ f ,%anghai to ,hong-,kong1 & f ,hong-,kong to ,%anghai4 ,"o ( ! com$ies 9 ! trag$y ( ! ext9ction ( ! indep5d5ce ( ,korea is illu/rative ( ?is po9t4 ,! ,emp]or ( ,korea he>d t ! ,we/]n races 7 f> m tru/wor?y ?an ^? ( ! ,ea/1 & s fe>+ assass9ation aft] ! murd] ( ! ,que51 he det]m9$ to enrol a corps ( ,europeans z a body-gu>d2 he s5t ov] (fic]s to ,%anghai ) ord]s to enli/ ,europeans4 ,un=tunately = himself he did n take ! precaution ( s5d+ ) !m any ,we/]n to help 9 ! selection ( ! m54 ,to ,korean eyes all ,we/]ns #gg look alike1 & z !y 7 (f]+ good pay1 !y soon _h _! corps complete2 !y return$ to ,se\l1 & ! corps 0 in/all$ ) suitable uni=ms1 &1 alas1 rifles & ammunition4 ,! mom5t ! corps 0 paid1 ! great] bulk ( !m got drunk1 & = ! next few h\rs ,se\l 0 di/9ctly an undesirable place ( resid5ce1 fill$ ) drunk5 m5 ( all nationalities %\t+ & %riek+ & fir+ load$ rifles recklessly 9 e direction4 ,! poor ,emp]or trembl$ z he look$ f 8 palace w9d[s at 8 body-gu>d out on ! dr9k1 & he made up 8 m9d t x w\ld be bett] to take a reasonable *ance ( assass9ation by ! ,japanese ?an to risk ! dang] ( be+ gu>d$ by ?is inebriate troop ( ,we/]ns4 ,) ! help ( ! ,consul ! body-gu>d :5 sob] 7 return$ to ,%anghai1 & let u tru/ ! ,*9ese he>d ! /ory & 7 conv9c$ t 9 accept+ ,we/]n civilisation !y mu/ be c>eful to avoid accept+ ! vices ( ! ,we/4 ,at ,*ang%a ,i he>d a simil> /ory1 b ) a tragic side1 :i* "o felt exon]at$ ! ,*9ese = be+ r incr$ul\s z to ! morality ( our civilisation4 ,*ang%a1 ,i %\ld expla91 is reput$ "o ( ! mo/ bigot$ cities 9 ,*9a2 ev5 at ! pres5t mom5t :ite wom5 are advis$ n to walk ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,! ,hunanese h a bold indep5d5t "*1 :i* makes !m r ho/ile to any =eign] or to =eign ways1 & ,i am afraid t ! /ory ,i am go+ to repeat w h #gh confirm$ !m 9 _! conviction t =eign]s are undesirable4 ,two :ite m5 belong+ to "o ( ! ,s\? ,european races--,greeks1 ,i ?9k--settl$ !mselves d[n 9 defiance ( treaty rights 9 ,*ang%a1 & at once op5$ a gambl+ hell4 ,v soon !y taught ! ,*9ese1 :o are z a race v addict$ to gambl+1 new & mo/ p]nici\s =ms ( t hateful vice4 ,! ,gov]nor compla9$ to ! ,consul2 ! ,consul s5t 8 (fic] d[n1 accompani$ by ! police1 to arre/ ! ,greeks2 ! ,private ,secret>y to ! ,gov]nor in=m$ ! ,consul ( ! trag$y t foll[$4 ,! ,consul> (fic] w>n$ ! ,greeks t !y mu/ give up _! gambl+ e/abli%m5t & g back to ,hank[4 ,!y said !y w\ld n4 ,he told !m t if !y refus$ he w\ld arre/ !m1 take !m to ! boat1 & s5d !m d[n by =ce to ,hank[4 ,!y /ill refus$1 & he advanc$1 ^u :i* "o ( ! ,greeks %ot ! (fic] dead4 ,! ,*9ese police aft] _! mann] vani%$1 :ile ! ,gov]nor's ,private ,secret>y1 accord+ to 8 own acc\nt1 sp5t mo/ ( ! "t ( ! int]view "u ! table4 ,! ,greeks1 see+ ! coa/ cle>1 & realis+ t v5geance mu/ come1 took to ! op5 c\ntry4 ,! ,*9ese 7 told to arre/ !m if !y c\ld4 ,( c\rse !y _h no difficulty 9 f9d+ !m1 b to arre/ !m 0 a diff]5t matt]4 ,!y mobilis$ two or ?ree regim5ts1 & surr\nd+ ! h\se 9 :i* ! ,greeks _h tak5 refuge1 !y kept on fir+ at long range till !y judg$1 f !re be+ no signs ( life1 t !y #gi mu/ h kill$ !m4 ,!y !n c>ri$ (f ! bodies1 b ?\ght x bett] to describe ! incid5t 9 an (ficial docum5t z a case ( suicide f fe> ( arre/1 le/ !y %\ld be held responsible = ! dea? ( ^! murd]]s4 ,! next ,greeks t came up ! riv] 7 s5t d[n ) a gu>d ( =ty m51 & s t]rifi$ 7 ! ,*9ese t !y _h to put !m fir/-class1 z no ,*9ese w\ld h d>$ to h travell$ ) !m4 ,!re 7 sev]al o!r /ories told at ,*ang%a to ! same effect4 ,! ,european t ! ,*9aman sees 9 t sort ( place is too (t5 "o ( ^? wor?less m5 :o has f\nd 8 own c\ntry impossible to live 91 & :o hopes t 8 vices & crimes may escape unnotic$ 9 di/ant ,*9a4 ,c "o wond] t ! ,*9ese are liable to misund]/& ! ,we/1 & 7 x n = ! sa9tly life ( _m mission>ies1 ! high "* & /rict ju/ice ( our ,consuls--yes1 & ! admirable discipl9e & managem5t ( su* great und]tak+s z t ( ,butt]field & ,swire--! evil w\ld be incurable2 b ?\gh !re are _m specim5s ( ! bad1 !re are also n a few m5 :o by _! lives h te/ifi$ be=e ! ,*9ese to ! greatness ( our social & moral traditions & to ! religion by :i* !y are inspir$4 #hj ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,railways ,,& ,,riv]s ,! riv]s & railways ( ,*9a =m a v m>k$ contra/4 ,! riv]s repres5t ! old means ( communication1 ! railways ! new1 & ! comp>ison betwe5 ! riv] & ! railway enables ! travell] to comp>e new ) old ,*9a & to realise ! great *anges t are tak+ place !re & ! transitional "* ( ! phase ?r\gh :i* ! c\ntry is n[ pass+4 ,anci5t ,*9a1 z comp>$ to anci5t ,europe1 0 a mo/ progressive c\ntry1 a v ess5tial po9t to rememb] :5 we h to consid] :at w be ! attitude ( ! ,*9ese ) reg>d to mod]n progress4 ,!oretically !y h always be5 progressive2 practically !y h pass$ ?r\gh an age ( progress & rea*$ ! o!r side4 ,t age ( progress improv$ v mu* _! means ( communication4 ,*9a is naturally well end[$ ) riv]s1 & ^? riv]s 7 inf9itely ext5d$ by a sy/em ( canals4 ,( ^! ! ,gr& ,canal is ! mo/ p]fect example4 ,! travell] _c sail along ! ,gr& ,canal & look at ! masonry walls ( t great "w1 or ! high bridges t span x1 )\t realis+ t 9 its "t x 0 "o #ha ( ! greate/ works ! _w _h ev] se54 ,t canal1 typical ( mod]n ,*9a1 is n[ 9 disrepair1 b ! _s ( ! m5 :o built x is n gone2 x is ! same _s t n[ welcomes railways all ov] ,*9a4 ,! greate/ ( ,*9a's natural wat]ways is ! ,yangtsze-,kiang2 x cuts "r ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ,*9a f ! sea to ,*ungk+ & fur!r2 x has _m important tribut>ies1 :i* lead ?r\gh great lakes & af=d a v useful means ( communication to va/ di/ricts 9 ,c5tral ,*9a4 ,along t great riv] = six hundr$ miles1 %ips ( ! l>ge/ size c sail 9 ! summ]2 battle%ips1 ?\gh n ( ! l>ge/ class1 c asc5d to ,hank[4 ,beyond ,hank[ ! riv] is mu* %all[]1 & communication ) ,i*ang is (t5 int]rupt$ 9 ! w9t] by want ( wat]4 ,a ?\s& miles f ! sea beg9 ^? wond]ful gorges ( ! ,yangtsze :i* are among ! greate/ wond]s ( ! _w4 ,up to ,i*ang1 ! ,yangtsze is /ill a big1 r dull yell[ riv]1 a va/ly ov]gr[n ,?ames1 a mass ( s&banks1 runn+ ?r\gh almo/ consi/5tly un9t]e/+ c\ntry2 b aft] t ?\s& miles1 x develops into a sort ( huge ,rh9e4 ,! riv] is /ill yell[1 b x runs ?r\gh gre5 m\nta9s & grey rocks4 ,at times x swirls along ) an oily surface d5t$ "h & !re by :irlpools :i* tell ( "s sunk5 rock2 at o!r times ! grey rocks creep clos] toge!r & ! yell[ #hb ,yangtsze foams itself :ite 9 its ef=t to squeeze ?r\gh ! n>r[ op5+ left4 ,9 quiet] rea*es ( ! riv] a h\se-boat or luban c be r[$ or sail$4 ,! r[+ is r j]ky1 ! sail+ delightful1 & s ! advance ( ! travell] is pleasant & unev5tful2 b :5 ! boat rea*es ! rapids1 ! only way to get h] ?r\gh is by t[+4 ,!re is a temptation always to delay putt+ m5 a%ore to t[--a temptation :i* end$ 9 our h\se-boat be+ bump$ ^u a rock4 ,our capta9 7we call him l[dah 9 ,*9a7 _h clev]ly devis$1 by creep+ along ! side ( ! riv] "u %elt] ( project+ rocks & !n by dodg+ r\nd ! po9ts1 ev]ybody %riek+ & yell+ z !y /ra9$ at ! o>1 to avoid ! necessity ( t[+2 b a m malign :irlpool ?an ! re/ twi/$ u r\nd till ! o>s on "o side ( ! boat c\ld n r[ because !y 7 f\l$ on ! rocks1 & !n ano!r twi/$ u sideways on to a subm]g$ rock1 & !re ! curr5t held u till ! police-boat ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t supplies to =eign travell]s k9dly took our rope a%ore & we 7 haul$ (f )\t app>5tly hav+ suff]$ any damage4 ,^! police-boats1 or r$ boats1 are a great feature 9 travell+ on ! ,yangtsze4 ,!y add enorm\sly1 to beg9 )1 to ! arti/ic effect1 z !y are furni%$ ) an art-blue sail1 :i* w\ld rejoice ! he>t ( an arti/1 b ! n]v\s travell] #hc reg>ds !m ) feel+s ( a w>m] nature ?an ^? _! /hetic effect w\ld ar\se4 ,!y gu>antee1 if n ! safety ( boats & goods1 at lea/ ! safety ( 8 p]son amid/ ! t]rible rapids ( ! riv]4 ,if 8 boat %\ld be wreck$ & 8 goods become ! prop]ty ( ! fi%es1 he kn[s t ! r$ boat w d>t into ! rapids1 & ow+ to its peculi> con/ruction & ! skill ( ! boatm51 w be able to rescue & return him1 a wa%$ & grateful travell]1 to ,i*ang4 ,! excitem5t ( pass+ ! rapids is int5se4 ,x is a pleasurable s5sation :5 y wat* f ! %ore "s "o else pass+ ?r\gh !m2 x is m excit+ b less pleasurable to be on ! boat itself at t mom5t4 ,! excitem5t is l>gely a "q ( ! size ( ! boat1 :5ce ! wisdom ( tak+ a small boat ev5 if x is less com=table4 ,to wat* an eighty-ton junk be+ haul$ ?r\gh a n>r[ passage ( foam+ wat] is int5sely ?rill+4 ,x is a matt] ( great difficulty ow+ to ! rocky nature bo? ( ! *annel & ! %ore4 ,! ,yangtsze rises & falls "s hundr$s ( feet 9 ! ye>1 & at l[ wat] ! banks are a mass ( r\gh rocks :i* rem9d "o m ( ! sea ?an ( a riv]4 ,! m5 :o t[ are call$ track]s1 & !y h to climb ov] ^! rocks tugg+ & /ra9+ at ! rope :ile a c]ta9 numb] ( !m1 /ripp$ to nudity1 try to keep ! rope cle> ( ! rocks :i* con/antly entangle x bo? on %ore & 9 ! wat]4 ,x is spl5did to #hd wat* ^! m5 z !y b\nd f rock to rock to dis5gage ! rope f "s project+ po9t1 or z1 leap+ into ! /ream1 !y swim across to isolat$ rocks & extricate x f all sorts ( impossible situations4 ,mean:ile ! junk creeps up in* by in*1 at times /&+ almo/ /ill :ile ! wat] surges pa/ h] & makes a wave at h] b[ :i* w\ld n misbecome a torp$o-de/roy] 9 full /eam4 ,woe betide ! junk if ! rope %\ld f\l & break 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ^! m51 = !n %e w\ld be at ! m]cy ( ! curr5t1 & if x %\ld s happ5 t !re 0 no w9d1 ! m>9]s on bo>d h no comm& ov] h]1 & %e mu/ drift z *ance w guide h] till quiet] wat] is rea*$4 ,( c\rse if !re is a w9d !y c haul up _! sail1 & !n1 ?\gh !y w desc5d backw>ds d[n ! /ream1 !y w d x ) dignity & safety4 ,we pass$ a junk do+ ?is4 ,h] rope _h app>5tly brok51 h] huge sails 7 set to a /iff breeze2 z y wat*$ h] by ! wat] %e seem$ to be sail+ at a good rate =w>ds2 z y wat*$ h] by ! l& %e 0 travell+ a good /eady pace d[n /ream4 ,if %e _c hoi/ h] sail because ! w9d is unfav\rable1 !n %e w ru% back1 inadequately guid$ by ?ree huge /range-look+ o>s4 ,! "o at ! b[1 work$ by six m51 c twi/ h] r\nd l a teetotum1 s t z %e da%es d[n /ream1 ! capta9 c select :i* "p ( h] %all bump aga9/ ! subm]g$ rocks1 :i* aft] all is b a poor #he privilege1 :5 y rememb] t eighty tons ( woodwork bang$ aga9/ massive granite rock mu/ be resolv$ into its con/itu5t bo>ds1 :atev] "p ( x /rikes ! rock fir/4 ,! two o!r o>s are ev5 less helpful4 ,) eight m5 at ea*1 !y c propel ! boat at ! rate ( ab\t ?ree miles an h\r2 b :at use is t :5 ! /ream is be>+ ! junk to de/ruction at tw5ty miles an h\r4 ,if ! rope breaks1 x is r a "q ( good luck ?an good guidance4 ,if !re is no rock 9 ! way1 ! junk happily sails d[n & is br\ght up 9 ! quiet] wat]s bel[ ! rapids4 ,if !re is a rock 9 ! way1 ! junk arrives at ! end ( ! rapid 9 a condition :i* w\ld please firewood collectors b no "o else4 ,^? ( ! crew :o c swim get a%ore1 & ^? :o _c are ei!r pick$ up by ! r$ boat1 or if !re is n "o !re1 !y disappe>2 _! bodies are recov]$ sev]al days lat] l[] d[n ! riv]4 ,f a ,*9ese po9t ( view ?is is all a small matt]2 :at is important is t a junk conta9+ a valuable c>go has be5 lo/4 ,s frequ5t h be5 ^! losses t five p] c5t4 insurance is dem&$ = c>goes go+ above ,i*ang4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gorges ,,( ,,! ,,yangtsze3 ,,an ,,awkw>d ,,mom5t4 ,,junk ,,negotiat+ ,,rapids4 7,notice coils ( bamboo rope7 ,p]haps ,i ought to say "o ^w ab\t ! rope on :i* ! safety ( ! junk dep5ds4 ,x is made ( plait$ bamboo1 :i* is extraord9>ily light1 & does n fray1 ?\gh x is s /iff t x behaves l a wire rope4 ,its great lightness #hf all[s ( ! use ( ropes ( enorm\s l5g?4 ,i d n ?9k x is an exagg]ation to say t "s ( !m are a qu>t] ( a mile long4 ,!y are v /rong1 & !re=e c be ( wond]fully n>r[ diamet]1 b app>5tly !y la/ b a %ort "t1 & e boat is furni%$ ) coil aft] coil ( bamboo rope ready = all em]g5cies4 ,a horrible accid5t happ5s :5 ow+ to bad /e]+ ! track]s are pull$ back (f ! n>r[ l$ges cut into ! face ( ! precipices1 :i* at times bord] ! riv]1 s t !y fall into ! rapid4 ,!y are an attractive body ( m51 ^! track]s4 ,!y leap ov] ! mo/ incr$ible *asms 9 ! rocks1 !y climb l cats up ! precipices1 !y pull l devils1 :ile "o ma/] enc\rages !m by beat+ a drum on bo>d ! junk1 & ano!r belab\rs !m on %ore ) a bit ( bamboo rope1 :i* makes an excell5t sub/itute = a bir* rod1 & yet )al !y are *e]ful4 ,:5 x ra9s or sn[s !y are wet ?r\gh2 :5 ! sun is hot--& rememb] ! ,yangtsze is 9 ! same latitude z ,nor? ,africa--!y expose _! b5t backs to ! scor*+ sun2 yet app>5tly !y nev] grumble1 b !y wile away ! h\rs ( _! lab\r ) *e]ful song4 ,:5 !y r[ or pull easily1 ! song is a weird antiphonal *ant--x seems to be sometimes a solo & a *orus1 sometimes two equally balanc$ *oruses2 b :5 ! "w becomes h>d1 ! song *anges into a wild sn>l & !y laugh a savage laugh z !y /ra9 & sweat to ! #hg utt]mo/4 ,i w complete _! description by say+ t _! views ( dec5cy are ^? ( ,adam be=e ! ,fall1 & t !y pres]ve _! /r5g? by a diet ( rice & beans ) a h&ful ( cabbages z a reli%4 ,at night !y sleep on ! deck ( ! junk on _! r\gh ,*9ese b$d+ ) only a mat ro(+ to keep ! ra9 (f !m4 ,& z ,i wat*$ _! *e]ful demean\r1 ,i felt m conv9c$ ?an ev] t ! natural virtues ( ! ,*9ese are ( ! v highe/ ord]4 ,p]haps ,i ought to say "o ^w ab\t ! beauty ( ! gorges4 ,i ?9k 9 two po9ts !y excel4 ,fir/1 9 ! height ( ! massive cliffs1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,yangtsze has cut its way l a knife2 ! size ( ! riv] & ! size ( ! cliffs are s mu* 9 proportion t ! eagle circl+ above ! gorge looks l a swall[1 & ! cr[d ( track]s appe>s z a di/urb$ ant colony4 ,! o!r way 9 :i* ! gorges excel 9 beauty is 9 col\r+2 at "o po9t especially x 0 mo/ rem>kable--! rocks 7 r$1 ! m\nta9s :5 we saw !m 7 purple1 & ! purple & r$ h>monis+ ) ! fre% gre5 foliage ( e>ly summ] & ! deep yell[ ( ! riv]1 made a ri* comb9ation ( t9ts 9 ! l&scape :i* c\ld h>dly be surpass$4 ,x is typical ( ! /ate 9 :i* ,*9a is at ! pres5t day t a s*eme %\ld be on foot = build+ a railway :i* no d\bt w r5d] ! gorges ( ! ,yangtsze a sil5t highway1 &1 in/ead ( he>+ ! wild song ( ! track] or ! savage beat+ ( ! tom-tom1 #hh ! lonely eagle w circle above a sil5t riv] on :i* ! fi%]man's b>k alone w sail 9 ! future4 ,= all s*emes to tame ! wild & fi]ce ,yangtsze are cle>ly impossible4 ,! riv] rises & falls m ?an a hundr$ feet ) great rapidity1 & no human h& c\ld ev] ?r[ a dam across ?is mass ( surg+ wat]4 ,possibly x might be us$ z a s\rce ( p[] = electrical "w1 b x is f> m probable t ! small] riv]s :i* fall into ! ,yangtsze w be *os5 = t purpose4 ,?is di/rict may be a t\ri/ resort1 & dwell]s 9 ! pla9s ( ,*9a may seek coolness & beauty on "o ( ! crags t ov]hang ! riv]2 ! mod]n hotel may p]* itself beside ! anci5t ,buddhi/ temple2 b ! days ( ! riv] z a great comm]cial r\te ( ,*9a are numb]$ z soon z ! railway l9k+ f>-we/]n ,sze*uan to ! re/ ( ,*9a is complet$4 ,"o wild s*eme proposes t ! railway %\ld come f ,russia /raight d[n f ,sze*uan1 9 :i* case m ?an probably ,sze*uan w fall completely "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t4 ,"o ( ! results ( ,we/]nis+ ,*9a mu/ be to produce an indu/rial revolution4 ,all ^? m51 = in/ance1 :o make a liv+ by leap+ f crag to crag1 f rock to rock1 & swimm+1 /ruggl+1 r[+ 9 t riv] ,yangtsze w f9d _! liv+ gone4 ,b n only w ! railway make _m poor :o _h a compet5ce1 b x mu/ make _m ri* #hi :o be=e 7 poor4 ,9 ?is case1 = in/ance1 all ^? commodities :i* are n[ extremely de> 9 ,sze*uan1 because ( ! co/ ( transit1 w fall 9 price1 & !re w be a p]iod :5 !re w be a wide m>g9 ( pr(it betwe5 ! co/ ( importation & ! conv5tional price ! p are us$ to pay1 & ^? :o live by trade w gr[ ri*4 ,:at has happ5$ 9 ! ,we/ mu/ also happ5 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! introduction ( /eam did n make ! (ficial classes or ev5 ! work+ classes imm$iately ri*4 ,! p :o imm$iately pr(it$ by improv$ means ( production & communication 7 ! great middle class2 aft]w>ds z ! work+ class realis$ t ! m>g9 ( pr(it w\ld all[ ( l>g] wages1 !y compell$ ! ma/]s to %>e ^! advantages ) !m4 ,s x w probably happ5 9 ,*9a4 ,) ! railway w come a ri* middle class :o w be a factor ( gr[+ importance 9 future ,*9a4 ,a great contra/ betwe5 ! ,yangtsze & its wild gorges is ! great trunk l9e f ,pek+ to ,canton :i* runs at "r angles ?r\gh ! ,yangtsze nor? & s\?1 & mu/ make ,hank[1 ! place :]e x crosses ! ,yangtsze1 "o ( ! greate/ cities 9 ! :ole _w4 ,! railway is only complet$ z f> z ,hank[4 ,x runs f ,pek+ "r across ! pla9s ( ,*9a1 :i* are s desolate 9 ! spr+ & s f]tile 9 ! summ]1 & :i* dep5d = _! f]tility on ! ,july ra9s4 ,at e /ation a great ,*9ese inn is erect$--t #ij is to say1 a big c\rty>d ) rooms r\nd4 ,at fir/1 ( c\rse1 trade 0 small2 ! ,*9ese village community has b little t x wants ei!r to buy or sell2 ea* community is to a great ext5t self-support+4 ,a f>m] reckon$1 ,i 0 told by a ,*9ese (ficial1 t if he _h made #cjs4 a ye>1 he _h done well4 ,t does n mean t he liv$ on #cjs4 a ye>1 ?\gh 9 a c\ntry :]e m5 are paid ?reep5ce a day1 "o w\ld almo/ h be5 ready to believe x2 b x means t he _h fifte5 doll>s a ye> to sp5d on ?+s outside 8 daily food4 ,8 f>m supplies him ) food & dr9k & 8 vici\s luxury1 opium2 8 wom5 make 8 clo!s2 x only rema9s = him to buy mat]ial = ! clo!s & ! little extras t !y _c make1 besides salt4 ,he pays = ! few ?+s t he has b\ght1 probably ) ! opium he produces1 or 9 ,man*uria ) beans2 b ! trade has be5 ( microscopical dim5sions ow+ to ! difficulties ( transit4 ,:5 ! railway is made he f9ds at ! railway inn ! ,*9ese m]*ant ready to buy & sell any?+ t he on 8 "p is ready to trade4 ,at fir/1 su* ?+s z sew+ cotton & cig>ettes are ! ?+s t are trad$ aga9/ silk or opium1 & !n comes ,*9ese m$ic9e & m9]al oil1 & s trade beg9s1 & soon ! ,*9ese inn becomes a m>ket-place1 & ! railways beg9 c>ry+ goods4 ,( c\rse ! full developm5t ( ! railway sy/em mu/ dep5d on ! fe$+ l9es & 9 :at #ia we _h 9 ,europe be=e ! railway sy/em1 & :at ! ,*9ese h n got1 ! fe$+ roads4 ,9 ,man*uria--= ,*9a1 l ,engl&1 is m g-ahead 9 ! nor? ?an 9 ! s\?--!y are already mov+ 9 ?is direction4 ,! ,russian railways1 possess$ n[ by ! ,japanese1 are v busy c>ry+ beans to ,dalny1 & soon ! ,japanese l9es f ,mukd5 to ,antung w be equally busy1 & ! l9e f ,mukd5 to ,ti5ts9 also w c>ry ?is crop4 ,:at !y are n[ consid]+ at ,mukd5 is h[ !y c arrange a fe$+ sy/em ( light railways1 by :i* a bigg] area ( gr\nd c be br\ght )9 rea* ( ! railway sy/em4 ,to give "s idea ( ! en]gy & progressive "* ( ! (ficials 9 ^? p>ts1 ,i may m5tion t !y are already mak+ inquiries z to ! mono-rail sy/em = su* railways4 ,! ,*9ese h made up _! m9ds to welcome railways1 & ?\gh !y w\ld f> pref] railways to be built ) ,*9ese capital1 !y are ( necessity compell$ to accept ,european capital1 s9ce _! fell[-c\ntrym5 want v high int]e/ = _! money4 ,! ,g]mans h tak5 v full advantage ( ! ,*9ese desire = railways1 & h l9k$ ,kiau*au ) ! railway sy/em ( ,*9a4 ,! effect ( all ?is mu/ be v f> rea*+4 ,to beg9 )1 x w alt] ! influ5ce ( =eign p[]s4 ,z ! railway s]vice is complet$1 ,kiau*au w become a v mu* m important c5tre ?an x is n[4 ,if a railway t l9ks ,pek+ to ,nank+1 #ib or1 to be accurate1 to a t[n on ! ,yangtsze opposite to ,nank+1 is cut by a railway f ,kiau*au1 ! result w be t ,kiau*au w become ! ne>e/ ice-free port = an enorm\s di/rict ( ,*9a4 ,?is _c fail to /r5g!n ! ,g]man influ5ce1 & ! ,g]man influ5ce is connect$1 z we h already expla9$1 too mu* ) t political side ( missions :i* has caus$ !m to be di/ru/$ by peace-lov+ ,*9ese4 ,! ,*9ese w ask !mselves1 w !re n soon be a mission>y incid5t :i* w ju/ify a fur!r aggression by ,g]many along ! railway1 :i* lies s h&y = a milit>y advance1 & !y w be suspici\s ( any ,g]man mission>y ef=t 9 t qu>t]4 ,b ! effect ( ! railways is mu* m f> rea*+ ?an any casual advantage t x may give to v>i\s p[]s1 :e!r x be to ,g]many 9 ,%antung1 or to ,russia or ,japan 9 ,man*uria1 or to ,france 9 ,yunnan1 or to ,russia 9 ,sze*uan4 ,x w h two ma9 effects4 ,fir/ & =emo/ x mu/ place ! :ole ( ,*9a 9 ! same position t ,%anghai & ,ti5ts9 occupy at ! pres5t mom5t--t is1 x mu/ make ! :ole ( ,*9a a mixture ( ,ea/]n & ,we/]n civilisation4 ,x may be urg$ t ! riv]s ( ,*9a h already be5 ! means ( br++ ,ea/ & ,we/ into close contact ) "o ano!r1 & yet t ,*9a rema9s /ill a sep>ate & diff]5t c\ntry to ! treaty ports4 #ic ,! answ] is1 fir/ly1 t x is comp>atively only a %ort "t s9ce ! riv] has be5 op5$ to =eign trade1 & t a great advance has be5 made 9 ! treaty ports1 s mu* s t a man 9 ! cu/oms s]vice liv+ by ! gorges ( ! ,yangtsze describ$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! treaty ports & ! re/ ( ,*9a by say+1 ,a man :o has only se5 ,%anghai & ,hank[ has nev] se5 ,*9a4 ,secondly1 a railway has a great educational effect4 ,:5 a railway is fir/ op5$ ! ,*9ese cr[d to see x2 !y get 9 ! way ( ! eng9e1 !y are run ov]1 !y accuse x ( malign p[]s1 & !n !y come to ! conclusion t x is aft] all only a ma*9e1 & !y take readily to travell+ by rail4 ,= in/ance1 ! railway f ,ti5ts9 up to ,man*uria has already completely alt]$ ! conditions ( culture 9 ! nor?4 ,x has enabl$ a l>ge numb] ( lab\r]s to migrate e ye> to cultivate ! f]tile b icy di/ricts ( ,man*uria1 s t x is q a sight to see truck-load aft] truck-load ( f>m lab\r]s travell+ l cattle1 go+ up f ! s\? to ! di/ricts ( ! nor? at ! rate ( ?ree doll>s = a tw5ty-two h\rs' j\rney4 ,n only does ! railway c>ry ! ,ti5ts9 lab\r] 9 a truck to ! ,man*urian beanfield1 b x also c>ries fir/-class ! ,*9ese m]*ant :o w buy ! crop ( beans to ! advantage ( ! f>m] & to 8 own great] advantage4 ,! #id ,*9ese are ri* 9 trad]s1 & su* an opportunity w\ld nev] be all[$ to pass4 ,e ye> w produce a great] numb] ( weal?y ,*9ese m]*ants1 _m ( !m v ignorant bo? ( ,we/]n & ,ea/]n k1 b probably "s ( !m own+ a respect = t k ^: lack !y h felt 9 proportion to _! own ignorance1 = !re is no man m incl9$ z a class to end[ educational in/itutions ?an he :o 9 8 y\? has felt ! ne$ ( !m4 ,*9a n[ ne$s help to f\nd a ,univ]sity tea*+ ,we/]n k4 ,once x is =m$1 !re is e reason to believe t x w be end[$ by ! same class t has end[$ simil> in/itutions 9 our own c\ntry4 #ie ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,cities ,( ,,*9a ,n[h]e is ! transitional p]iod ?r\gh :i* ,*9a is pass+ m obvi\s ?an 9 ! cities ( ,*9a2 _m t[ns are /ill completely ,*9ese1 b z y approa* ! ports y f9d m & m ,we/]n developm5t4 ,! contra/ betwe5 t[ns is extremely m>k$4 ,%anghai or ,ti5ts9 are ,we/]n t[ns & c5tres ( civilisation2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & su* t[ns z ,hang*[ or ,i*ang is v great4 ,! true ,*9ese city is n )\t its beauty--9 fact1 9 _m ways x is a beautiful & wond]ful place4 ,b to appreciate x eyes only are want$1 & a nose is a mis=tune4 ,! /reets are extremely n>r[ passages1 :i* are bord]$ on ei!r side by mo/ attractive %ops1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ma9 /reet4 ,! /rang] longs to /op & buy ?+s z he goes along1 b ! difficulty is t x takes s mu* "t2 he mu/ ei!r be prep>$ to pay twice ! value ( ! ?+s he wants1 or to sp5d h\rs 9 negotiation4 ,!re is "o curi\s exception to ?is rule2 ! silk guild at ,%anghai does n all[ its memb]s to b>ga91 & !re=e 9 ! silk %op ! real price is told at once4 #if ,! %opkeep]s are *>m+1 & !re are numb]s ( salesm5--salesm5 :o d n m9d tak+ any am\nt ( tr\ble to please4 ,x is delightful1 if insidi\s1 to g into ^? %ops2 & "o c well believe t if a ,*9ese silk %op 7 op5$ 9 ,london1 & silk sold at ,*9ese prices1 ! %op w\ld h pl5ty ( cu/om]s4 ,! quality ( ,*9ese silk f> exce$s t ( ! silks ( ! ,we/4 ,a ,*9ese g5tleman m5tion$ z an example ( ?is sup]iority t "o ( 8 g[ns 0 made ( ,fr5* silk1 & t x 0 torn & spoilt aft] two or ?ree ye>s2 b t he _h _h g[ns ( ,*9ese silk = tw5ty ye>s or m :i* 7 q z good z on ! day he b\ght !m1 & t he _h only put !m on "o side because ! fa%ions 9 m5's g>m5ts *ange 9 ,*9a z !y d else:]e = ladies4 ,! same g5tleman relat$ _m int]e/+ ?+s ab\t ! silk trade4 ,! quality ( ! silk is det]m9$ by ! silk guild4 ,?is is mu* m l ! guilds 9 m$ival ,europe ?an any?+ t we h n[adays1 & t is :y ,*9a is n export+ m silk ?an %e is at pres5t4 ,^! silk guilds to a c]ta9 ext5t prev5t ! ,*9ese cat]+ = ,european cu/om]s1 z !y w n all[ or at any rate enc\rage ! production ( silks t w\ld take on ! ,european m>ket4 ,! ,we/ has _m faults z well z _m virtues1 & "o ( its faults is t x no long] c>es = articles ( /]l+ value1 :i* la/ long & = :i* a high price mu/ be paid1 #ig b x delights 9 attractive articles ( poor quality at a l[ price4 ,x is to be fe>$ t ! ,we/ may spoil "s ( ,*9a's great products z %e has spoilt ! great arts & productions ( ,india4 ,b to return to ,*9ese /reets4 ,next ! silk %op w be ! silv] %op4 ,"h aga9 ! "w is admirable4 ,at su* a place z ,kiukiang y c sp5d an h\r or m b>ga9+1 & wat*+ ! wond]ful skill ( ! silv]smi?s z !y turn out beautiful silv] ornam5ts4 ,x is pleasant to w&] along & to look into ! %ops & see ! /range ?+s t are = sale--fi% ( _m k9ds 9 "o %op1 rice & gra9 9 ano!r1 /range vegetables1 little bits ( pork1 flatt5$ ducks2 or to glance at ! clo!s & ! coats hung out1 _m ( !m ( brilliant col\rs4 ,! signs ov] ! %ops & ! names ( ! m]*ants are a feature 9 !mselves1 illum9at$ z !y are 9 vivid hues ( r$ & gold1 9 ^? wond]ful *>act]s s full ( my/]y to ! =eign]4 ,9 a native city up-c\ntry ! travell] is practically =c$ to g ?r\gh ! city 9 a *air4 ,!re are no :eel conveyances except :eelb>r[s1 &1 except :]e !re are ,man*us1 horses are q unkn[n4 ,walk+ is pr(\ndly unpleasant = a ,european1 = z he walks along he is con/antly jo/l$ by port]s c>ry+ loads ( goods on a bamboo across _! %\ld]s2 or cries are he>d1 & a ,*9ese ,m&>9 is c>ri$ pa/ %\ld] high1 lean+ =w>d look+ out ( 8 #ih *air p]haps ) a smile1 ( contempt = ! =eign] :o c s demean himself z to g on foot l a common coolie2 or p]haps x is a lady ) h] *air closely cov]$ 9 & only a glimpse to be se5 ( a r\g$ & p[d]$ face1 = ! ,*9ese wom5 pa9t to excess1 z "p ( _! ord9>y toilette4 ,next comes ! wat]-c>ri] hurry+ pa/ ) 8 two buckets ( wat]2 or p]haps x is "s malodor\s burd5 :i* makes a ,we/]n long to be depriv$ ( ! s5se ( smell4 ,b 9 a *air a ride ?r\gh a ,*9ese t[n is delightful2 ! *air-coolies pu% pa/ foot-pass5g]s :o accept _! buffets ) ! greate/ equanimity1 & f a comp>atively elevat$ position ! travell] c look d[n on ! cr[d4 ,b :5 ! ,*9ese city is ne> a port1 all ?is beg9s to *ange4 ,! *air is replac$ by ! rick%a1 & ?\gh 9 _m ways x is less com=table ?an a *air1 ! rick%a is aft] all ! beg9n+ ( ! rule ( ! ,we/1 be+ a lab\r-sav+ ma*9e4 ,"o coolie or two at ! mo/ c drag a man quickly & easily :]e ) a *air ?ree or f\r be>]s w\ld be ne$$4 ,outside ! old t[n w be built ! new native t[n1 & ! new native t[n is built on ,european l9es1 ) comp>atively wide /reets4 ,9 a treaty port ! complet$ specim5 ( ! transitional /age ?r\gh :i* all ,*9a is pass+ is to be se54 ,%anghai is a mo/ delightful t[n1 al?\gh x seems commonplace to ^? :o live !re1 b #ii to a /rang] x is a place full ( contradictions & ecc5tricities4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes "o 9 ,%anghai is t none ( ! natives "k any ( ! names ( ! /reets4 ,x is true !y are writt5 up 9 l>ge lett]s bo? 9 ,engli% & 9 ,*9ese2 b z n "o ( ! coolies c read1 !y h n ! v slighte/ idea t t is ! "n ( ! /reet--!y call x q a diff]5t "n2 & z !y speak a diff]5t language bo? to t ( ! educat$ ,*9aman & to ! ,engli%man1 !re is no reason :y !y %\ld ev] le>n ! names giv5 by !m4 ,! habitual way ( direct+ a rick%a coolie is by a sort ( pantomime1 & !re is always a great elem5t ( unc]ta9ty z to :e!r he w get to 8 de/9ation ev5 ) ! olde/ resid5t unless he kn[s ! way himself4 ,i arriv$ at ,ti5ts9 & tri$ to g & see ,dr4 ,lav+ton ,h>t1 ^: college is kn[n all ov] ,*9a1 ,i may say all ov] ! _w1 b ! ,*9ese port] 0 q unable to make ! coolie und]/& :]e x 01 & s we w&]$ ab\t = "s "t till ! coolie got tir$ & put me d[n opposite :at =tunately turn$ out to be ! h\se ( a ,japanese g5tleman4 ,i ent]$ ! h\se1 & 0 surpris$ t ! ,*9ese s]vant :o met me did n altoge!r seem to expect me2 b z he c\ld n speak ,engli% & ,i c\ld n speak ,*9ese1 x 0 impossible to inquire if any?+ 0 wrong4 ,i 0 j wond]+ :y ,dr4 ,h>t %\ld live 9 a ,japanese h\se1 #ajj :5 ! door op5$ & a ,japanese g5tleman walk$ 94 ,=tunately = me he spoke bo? ,*9ese & ,engli% well2 s aft] explanations ,i 0 aga9 s5t on my road1 & f\nd ,dr4 ,lav+ton ,h>t wait+ d9n] = me1 & wond]+ h[ ,i _h got lo/4 ,he !n told me t ,i %\ld h ask$ n = 8 college b = ! hospital opposite1 & t ,i %\ld h ask$ n = ! /reet b = ! ,*9ese "n ( ! doctor ( ! hospital :o _h be5 dead t5 or fifte5 ye>s4 ,!re is a moral 9 all ?is3 x %[s ! /ate ( confusion t exi/s 9 small z well z 9 l>ge ?+s4 ,i ask$ sev]al ,engli%m5 :y !y did n accept ! native names ( ! /reets2 _! answ] 0 t ! coolies c\ld n read !m2 & :5 ,i sugge/$ t common s5se w\ld expect t ! coolies' names %\ld be tak5 = ! /reets1 = aft] all t is h[ mo/ ( ! /reets 9 ,engl& 7 orig9ally nam$1 ! sugge/ion met ) no approval4 ,^! small matt]s %[ :at a great gulf !re is betwe5 ! ?\ghts ( ! two races4 ,if ! coolies _h be5 ,italians or ,g]mans or ,russians1 _! names w\ld h be5 accept$1 or !y w\ld h be5 compell$ to le>n ! new names4 ,ano!r example ( ! difficulty ( c>ry+ on ! details ( city life is af=d$ by a common spectacle at ,%anghai4 ,9 ! cr[d$ /reets y see a little cr[d ( policem54 ,! gr\p consi/s ( ?ree spl5did m51 typical ( ?ree diff]5t #aja civilisations4 ,fir/ !re is ! ,engli% policeman2 next to him is a black-be>d$ man1 bigg] ?an ! fir/1 a ,sikh1 e ge/ure & action reveal+ ! m>tial *>act]i/ics ( 8 race2 !n a ,*9aman completes ! gr\p1 blue-coat$ & we>+ a queue & a r\nd ,*9ese hat z a sign ( (fice4 ,! travell] wond]s :y ?is trio is ne$$ till he sees !m 9 action4 ,a motor c> ru%es d[n "o road1 a rick%a comes d[n ano!r1 & a ,*9ese :eelb>r[ ) six wom5 sitt+ on x sl[ly progresses d[n a ?ird4 ,all ?ree conveyances are controll$ by ,*9am51 & :5 !y meet1 all %\t & %riek at ! top ( _! voices2 no "o keeps ! rule ( ! road1 ) ! probable result t ! :eelb>r[ is upset1 ! rick%a is =c$ aga9/ ! wall1 & ! motor c> pull$ up dead4 ,!n ! police =ce comes into action4 ,! ,*9ese policeman objurgates vocif]\sly & makes signals indiff]5tly to ev]ybody2 ! ,sikh policeman at once beg9s to ?ra% ! ,*9ese coolie2 mean:ile ! ,engli% policeman at la/ gets ! traffic on ! "r side ( ! road1 quiets 8 subord9ates1 sees ju/ice done1 & re/ores ord]4 ,possibly if ! matt] _h be5 left to ! ,*9ese policeman1 he w\ld h arrang$ x 9 ! end2 ! traffic 9 ,pek+ 0 controll$ entirely by ,*9ese policem5 & 0 fairly well manag$4 ,!re is an extraord9>y example ( ! want ( consid]ation = ! feel+s ( ! ,*9ese to #ajb be se5 9 ! public g>d5s at ,%anghai4 ,!re /&s a notice :i* conta9s1 among sev]al regulations1 fir/1 t no dogs or bicycles %all be admitt$2 secondly1 t no ,*9ese %all be admitt$ except s]vants 9 att5dance on =eign]s4 ,consid]+ t ! l& is ,*9ese soil1 "o _c b wond] t any "o :o _h deal+s ) ! ,*9ese %\ld all[ s ill-mann]$ a notice to be put up4 ,no ,*9ese g5tleman w\ld object = a mom5t if ! notice _h be5 to ! effect t unclean p]sons & begg>s %\ld be exclud$ f ! g>d5s2 b to exclude ! cultur$ ,*9ese m]*ant :o is e :it z clean z 8 ,we/]n neighb\r1 or to exclude ! respectable p ( ! middle class ^: ord]ly behavi\r is beyond suspicion1 is z unreasonable z x is regrettable4 ,aga91 ! ,%anghai municipality has no ,*9ese repres5tatives ^u x1 ?\gh ! great bulk ( ! population is ,*9ese1 ) ! result t f "t to "t !y come across ,*9ese prejudices & q unnecess>ily irritate ! population :i* !y gov]n4 ,! ,*9ese h a pr9ciple t a woman %all be publicly puni%$ only = adult]y & op5 %ameless !ft2 h] face or dignity mu/ be pres]v$2 & !re=e %e %\ld nev] be made to answ] = h] (f5ces 9 op5 c\rt1 h] husb& or h] fa!r be+ held responsible = h] behavi\r & = h] puni%m5t4 ,! "r way ( deal+ ) any woman :o is *>g$ ) an (f5ce is to d z we d 9 ,engl& ) reg>d to *ildr51 to summon #ajc n h] b ^? responsible = h] behavi\r4 ,i 0 assur$ by a ,*9ese (ficial t ! tr\ble :i* culm9at$ 9 ! ,%anghai riots orig9at$ f disreg>d ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,! refusal ( ! ,%anghai municipality to h ,*9ese repres5tatives ^u x is ! m rem>kable1 z ,i 0 in=m$ at ,hong-,kong t !y h su* repres5tatives1 & f9d !m mo/ useful 9 assi/+ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,*9ese4 ,x is n surpris+ t ,%anghai is a t[n to :i* x is diplomatic to make no ref]5ce 9 conv]sation ) a ,*9ese g5tleman4 ,!re is m to be said = ! mi/ru/ ( ! ,*9ese ,po/-(fice & = ! cont9uation ( ! curi\s sy/em by :i* ea* nation has its own po/-(fice4 ,no?+ is m annoy+ to ! travell] 9 ,%anghai ?an ! tr\ble he has to get 8 lett]s4 ,if x %\ld s happ5 t he has correspond5ts 9 _m c\ntries1 he has to g to e "o ( ! _m po/-(fices 9 ,%anghai1 & !y are situat$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! t[n & 9 places v difficult to f9d4 ,!re is ! ,imp]ial ,*9ese ,po/-(fice1 to :i* he fir/ repairs1 & :]e he w f9d lett]s f any correspond5t 9 ,*9a2 !n ) ! greate/ difficulty he rea*es ! ,engli% ,po/-(fice2 aft] :i* he rememb]s t "s ( 8 fri5ds may be on a holiday 9 ,france1 !re=e he mu/ g to ! ,fr5* ,po/-(fice1 & s on4 ,:5 he asks :y ! ,*9ese ,po/-(fice _c be tru/$1 he is told t ! ,*9ese !mselves w n tru/ _! #ajd po/-(fice unless !re be a ,european (ficial 9 control1 & t ! old ,*9ese sy/em by :i* lett]s are =w>d$ by private companies /ill cont9ues 9 _m p>ts ( ,*9a1 al?\gh !y possess bran*es ( ! ,imp]ial ,*9ese ,po/-(fice4 ,/ill ! travell] we>ily ?9ks at ! end ( 8 day's j\rney t )\t undue tru/ 9 ano!r nationality1 or any loss ( national pre/ige1 an ,int]national ,po/-(fice might be arrang$ 9 a t[n l ,%anghai1 ) its va/ travell+ population4 ,%anghai ) its mixture ( races1 ) its national antipa?ies & jeal\sies1 is inde$ "o ( ! mo/ attractive b /range/ t[ns 9 ! :ole _w4 ,e race meets !re2 & z "o w&]s d[n ! ,nank+ road1 "o nev] tires ( wat*+ ! nationalities :i* ?rong t ?or\ghf>e4 ,!re walks a tall be>d$ ,russian1 a fat ,g]man1 jo/l+ p]haps a t9y ,japanese (fic]1 ^: :ole air %[s t he reg>ds himself z a memb] ( ! conqu]+ race t has *eckmat$ ! va/ p[] ( ,europe2 !re are sleek ,*9ese 9 ,we/]n c>riages1 & !re are ?9 ,am]icans 9 ,ea/]n rick%as2 ! motor cycle ru%es pa/1 ne>ly collid+ ) a closely-curta9$ *air be>+ a ,*9ese lady ( rank1 or a spl5did ,indian 9 a yell[ silk coat is /ruck 9 ! face by ! hat ( a ,fr5*man1 :o f9ds ! pavem5ts ( ,%anghai too n>r[ = 8 sweep+ salute2 "o he>s guttural ,g]man alt]nat+ ) ,cockney slang2 ,p>isian toilettes are se5 next half-nak$ coolies2 a c\ple ( sailors on #aje a t&em cycle almo/ upset two ,japanese beauties z !y %uffle along ) _! toes turn$ 92 a grey g[n$ ,buddhi/ prie/ elb[s a be>d$ ,roman mission>y2 a ,russian %op :]e patriotism r ?an love ( ga9 induces ! own]s to conceal ! nature ( _! w>es by employ+ ! ,russian alphabet ov]head1 /&s opposite a ,japanese %op :i*1 9 n too p]fect ,engli%1 assures ! wide _w t _! heads c be cut *eaply2 an ,engli% lady looks askance at ! tightness ( h] ,*9ese si/]'s ne!r g>m5ts1 :ile ! ,*9ese si/] wond]s h[ ! :ite race c tol]ate ! indec5cy t all[s a woman to %[ h] %ape & we> transp>5t sleeves4 ,yes1 ,%anghai on a spr+ aft]noon is a mo/ int]e/+ place2 & yet z y turn y\r eyes to ! riv] & cat* sight ( ! d>k grey w>%ip1 y realise t b5ea? all ?is peace & busy comm]ce lies ! fe> ( ! grim realities ( w>4 ,*9a may assimilate ! adjuncts ( ,we/]n life1 b %e w nev] welcome ! ,we/]n4 ,! racial gulf t divides !m is f> too deep4 ,x may be tempor>ily bridg$ by ! h]oism ( a mission>y2 ! en?usiasm ( ,*ri/ianity may make ^? :o embrace x bro!rs2 b ! feel+ ( love w n ext5d "o in* beyond ! influ5ce ( religion2 & ^? :o pond] on ! future z !y wat* ! _m-hu$ cr[d t passes mu/ gr[ m & m sure t ! future ( ,*9a lies ) ! ,*9ese alone2 & h[ev] mu* z a race !y may #ajf be will+ to le>n f ! ,we/1 !y w z a race be l$ only by _! own p4 ,! ,we/]n] may be employ$2 ,we/]n tea*+ may be le>nt2 ,we/]n g>m5ts may be worn2 b1 z a ,*9ese pr(essor said1 ,! we>] w be a ,*9aman all ! same4 #ajg ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,opium ,!re 0 "o m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! cities ( ,*9a z we saw !m 9 our two visits1 & ?is 0 ! *ange t _h tak5 place 9 ! matt] ( opium-smok+4 ,opium-smok+ 9 #aijg 0 su* a common vice t y c\ld see m5 smok+ x at ! doors ( _! h\ses4 ,9 #aiji opium-smok+ hid itself1 & ^? t smok$1 smok$ secretly1 or at any rate less o/5tati\sly4 ,i d\bt :e!r s great an alt]ation has tak5 place 9 any c\ntry1 c]ta9ly n ( late ye>s4 ,ea* race has its peculi> vice2 9 fact1 we may g fur!r ?an t1 we may say t x is a rem>kable fact t ! great bulk ( mank9d insi/s on tak+ "s =m ( poison2 9 fact1 x is only a m9ute m9ority :i* :olly ab/a9s f ?is practice4 ,! poisons us$ by mank9d h diff]5t effects & h a diff]5t degree ( toxic p[]1 b ! reason !y are us$ is because 9 "s way !y /imulate or soo! ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,opium1 alcohol1 tobacco1 tea1 c(fee1 ha%i%1 are examples ( ?is widespread habit ( humanity2 b ^! diff]5t drugs h ! mo/ diff]5t effects on ! welf>e ( man4 ,"s seem to be :olly #ajh innocu\s if n b5eficial1 & o!rs seem to be absolutely p]nici\s & to d no?+ b evil2 & fur!r ?an t1 "o may say t a diff]5t prep>ation ( ! same drug or a diff]5t way ( tak+ x produces diff]+ results4 ,a /ill m curi\s ?+ is t ?\gh all mank9d is agre$ 9 tak+ "s poison1 !re is a m>k$1 racial t5d5cy to accept "o p>ticul> poison & to dete/ o!rs1 & at times x seems z if ! habit ( tak+ "o 0 suffici5t to prev5t ano!r hav+ any attraction4 ,z we w5t to ,*9a we pass$ ?r\gh ! ,suez ,canal1 & he>d :at a curse ha%i% 0 9 ,egypt1 & h[ ! ,egyptian ,gov]nm5t _h endeav\r$ to secure total prohibition ( ! use ( ?is obnoxi\s drug1 a c\rse :i* 0 impossible ow+ to ! great am\nt ( smuggl+ t 0 facilitat$ by ! wide des]ts t surr\nd ,egypt4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ,saigon 7we 7 travell+ by ! ,fr5* mail7 we fir/ came 9 contact ) ! t]rible vice ( ! ,*9ese4 ,a ,fr5* lady 0 po9t$ out to u by a doctor1 & he ask$ u to obs]ve ! odd glassy look ( h] eyes1 ! int5se suavity ( h] mann] & ! contempt :i* %e ev9c$ = tru?1 & he told u t ^! 7 all symptoms ( ! vice ( opium-smok+ t %e _h contract$ f association ) ! ,annamites4 ,! ,fr5* = "s my/]i\s reason seem m prone to acquire ?is vice ?an d our own c\ntrym51 = ?\gh 9 #aijg x 0 rife 9 ,s\? ,*9a1 #aji no "o ev] sugge/$ t any ,engli% smok$ opium at ,hong-,kong4 ,z we w5t up to ,canton cr[ds ( p 7 smok+ opium on ! ,*9ese deck1 & :5 we w&]$ r\nd !y _h no objection to our /&+ wat*+ ! lazy process ( dipp+ ! ne$le into ! treacle-l mixture1 turn+ x r\nd till a bead 0 =m$1 !n putt+ x into ! lamp to light & !nce transf]r+ x to ! opium pipe1 :5 aft] ?ree :iffs or s ! process _h to be begun aga94 ,! fir/ effect ( opium-smok+ is to make a man intellig5t & amiable4 ,x is = ?is reason t opium-smok+--s ! ,*9ese expla9$ to u--is us$ l>gely 9 bus9ess4 ,:5 bus9ess is difficult1 & y _c get ?ree or f\r m5 to agree1 ! opium pipe is br\ght out1 & aft] two or ?ree :iffs ! cantank]\s p are reasonable1 & ! p ^: dignity is hurt are =giv+1 & bus9ess is easily & rapidly transact$4 ,! next /age ( smok+ is /upidity4 ,z y wat* an opium-smok] 9 t condition he nods amiably at y ) a r imbecile look4 ,! la/ /age is "o ( heavy s5seless sleep4 ,! habitual opium-smok] r>ely passes ! fir/ /age1 & its app>5tly b5eficial influ5ce con/itutes its dang]4 ,ea* man says to himself3 ,i w nev] take x to excess2 ,i w m]ely use x & n abuse x2 x makes life sweet to me & bus9ess easy4 ,i h always ?\ght t ^? :o condemn #aaj opium h a t5d5cy to prove too mu* 9 _! argum5t4 ,if x c\ld be %[n t ! effects ( opium-tak+ 7 inv>iably p]nici\s1 x w\ld be v h>d to see h[ ! vice c\ld take su* a hold z x has tak5 on ! ,*9ese race2 if ! "y m5 regul>ly saw t ! old] m5 7 br\ght to inanity & dea? by ! use ( opium1 !y w\ld !mselves be t]rifi$ ( contract+ ! vice1 & x w\ld n h spread z rapidly z x has done4 ,! vice is ess5tially mod]n4 ,opium has only be5 gr[n 9 ,*9a = ab\t sev5ty or eighty ye>s1 & x has only be5 import$ 9 l>ge quantities = a sc>cely long] p]iod ( "t4 ,an inhabitant ( ,%ansi told u t ?\gh e "o smok$ opium1 & x 0 a t]rible curse1 8 fa!r rememb]$ its introduction4 ,opium is c]ta9ly delet]i\s to ! moral fibre ( a race1 & 9 _m cases x produces dea? & mis]y2 b !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( cases :]e no obvi\s evil effects foll[ f its consumption--cases :5 z a rule a man is well-n\ri%$1 = x acts mo/ delet]i\sly on a man's p[]s ( dige/ion4 ,m5 :o h good food c bett] tol]ate ! effects ( ! drug1 s a mission doctor expla9$1 & _! comp>ative immunity tempts o!rs to foll[ _! example4 ,m5 d n see at once ! evil t w result1 & s its use has spread by leaps & b\nds4 ,! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t h always !oretically resi/$ x1 b _! action has be5 hamp]$ by _! n be+ p]mitt$ to #aaa prohibit its importation4 ,= _m ye>s ! pro-opium p>ty 9 ,*9a us$ ^? treaty obligations by :i* ,*9a 0 b\nd to p]mit ! importation ( opium z a reason = /opp+ any ef=ts to extirpate ! vice 9 ! c\ntry4 ,n only 7 !re always a great numb] ( p 9 high places addict$ to ! vice1 :o 7 naturally unwill+ to remove f !mselves ! opportunity ( its gratification1 b also !re 0 a va/ numb] ( p :o rapidly acquir$ a great pecuni>y int]e/ bo? 9 ! ma9t5ance & ext5sion ( ?is trade4 ,un=tunately = humanity1 opium 0 n only v injuri\s b extremely portable1 & x !re=e =m$ 9 a c\ntry :]e means ( communication are bad a v useful article ( ex*ange4 ,! peasant f>m] w gr[ mo/ ?+s on 8 little f>m :i* he & 8 family consume--9 mo/ respects !y w be a self-support+ community--b !re mu/ be a c]ta9 numb] ( ?+s :i* !y w ne$ to buy1 & = :i* !y mu/ give some?+ 9 ex*ange2 t some?+ mu/ be portable4 ,9 _m cases ! only way ( br++ y\r goods to ! m>ket is by c>ry+ !m on y\r own back4 ,opium1 alas1 =ms1 9 soils :i* x suits1 a mo/ remun]ative crop4 ,! :ole product ( sev]al fields c be c>ri$ q easily on a man's back & c be s5t d[n to ! m>ket1 :]e x w f9d a ready sale1 & ! result ( t sale w be inve/$ 9 articles ( :i* ! f>m] & 8 family h ne$4 #aab ,n only ! f>m]1 b ! trad]1 bo? ,*9ese & ,european1 f9d x a mo/ pr(itable s\rce ( trade4 ,x 0 h>d1 & x is h>d1 to p]suade ! ,european trad] t x is injuri\s to ,*9a1 & to und]/& ! reason we mu/ turn back to ! ?\ght :i* 0 sugge/$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! *apt]1 namely1 t x is v d\btful :e!r ! ,engli% race has any natural desire = ! vice1 :ile x is mo/ pat5t t ! ,*9ese h a peculi> national t5d5cy t[>ds ?is =m ( dissipation4 ,:5 p h no desire = an intoxicant !mselves1 x is h>d to p]suade !m t o!rs may h a desire :i* may be beyond all p[] ( re/ra9t4 ,! trad+ class mixes b little socially ) ! ,*9ese1 & ! p ) :om !y are br\ght 9 contact are v g5]ally pecuni>ily int]e/$ 9 ! opium trade1 & !re=e !y h nei!r ! evid5ce ( ! ,*9ese nor ( _! own temptation to conv9ce !m ( ! insidi\s & dang]\s "* ( ?is vice to ! ,*9ese race4 ,! ,engli% race has long be5 conv]sant ) opium4 ,9 ! =m ( laudanum x us$ to be sold freely 9 ! ea/]n c\nties4 ,i h he>d p describe ye>s ago h[ ! old wom5 f ! f5 r\nd ,l[e/(fe1 or ! m>%es z !y are !re call$1 w\ld call on m>ket day at ! *emi/ = _! regul> supply ( laudanum1 :i* !y w\ld take 9 quantities suffici5t to make any ord9>y p]son g fa/ asleep4 ,x 0 us$ !re1 z x is us$ 9 _m #aac c\ntries1 z a prophylactic aga9/ ague4 ,! doctors n[ d5y t x has any b5eficial effect1 b ! p 9 ! ea/]n c\nties us$ to ?9k diff]5tly4 ,b :5 ,i 0 a curate at ,y>m\? ,i c\ld f9d no traces ( ?is vice2 x _h app>5tly be5 ext]m9at$ n by any social re=m or moral movem5t1 b by ! sup]ior attraction ( alcohol2 & 9 my day ,y>m\? & ! di/rict r\nd 0 t]ribly addict$ to ! national vice ( intemp]ance4 ,i notic$ ! same ?+ 9 ,%anghai4 ,! ,engli% "k opium2 mo/ ( !m h out ( curiosity tri$ a pipe2 & !y describe ! effects z trifl+ or v unpleasant4 ,"o man said t he felt z if all 8 bones 7 a jelly2 ano!r t he felt z if he 0 float+ betwe5 heav5 & e>?2 a ?ird t he f\nd no pleasure 9 x at all1 b t he _h a fil?y heada*e next day4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y g into ! ,%anghai ,club y c see at once :at is ! attractive vice to ! ,european at ,%anghai2 ! :ole ( "o side ( ! entrance hall 0 no?+ m ?an ! b> ( an ov]gr[n public-h\se4 ,y w he> /ory aft] /ory :i* tells ! same old tale t alcohol1 especially 9 its /ronge/ =m1 is ! greate/ pleasure & ! wor/ dang] to ! ,engli%man abroad z at home4 ,if opium is unattractive to ! :ite man1 on ! o!r h& alcohol is equally unattractive to ! yell[ man2 9 fact1 _! relative position is mu* ! same4 ,! yell[ man has kn[n ( alcohol f ! v e>lie/ ages4 ,dr4 ,ross quotes ! #aad second ode ( ! ,book ( ,poetry z %[+ h[ well kn[n drunk5ness 0 to ! ,*9ese3 ,be=e !y drank too mu*1 !y 7 dignifi$ & grave2 b ) too mu* dr9k _! dignity *ang$ to indec5cy1 _! gravity to rud5ess2 ! fact is1 t :5 !y h become drunk !y lose all s5se ( ord]4 ,:5 ! gue/s h drunk too mu*1 !y %\t1 !y brawl1 !y upset ! ord]ly arrangem5t ( ! di%es1 !y dance ab\t un/eadily1 _! caps are set awry & ?reat5 to fall (f1 !y dance ab\t & d n "k :5 to /op4 ,_h !y gone out be=e dr9k+ s deeply1 bo? ho/ & gue/ w\ld h be5 happi]4 ,dr9k+ gives real happ9ess only :5 x is tak5 9 mod]ation accord+ to propriety4 ,drunk5ness seems to h be5 extirpat$ f ,*9a by ! same process t laudanum-tak+ 0 f ! ea/]n c\nties1 namely1 x has giv5 way be=e ! m entranc+ vice ( opium-smok+4 ,i 0 assur$ t ! ,tibetans d n %>e ) ! ,*9ese ?is pref]5ce = opium1 & ?is is all ! m rem>kable because f _! geographical position !y h always be5 9 close contact ) ,india1 :i* is app>5tly ! home ( ! opium vice1 b !y h adh]$ /eadily to ! vice ( drunk5ness4 ,! ,*9ese h free trade 9 dr9k2 !y h no lic5s+ laws2 any "o may sell alcohol at any "t ( ! day1 9 any place !y l2 & yet alcohol has s few vot>ies t y w sc>cely see a drunk5 man f "o end ( ,*9a to ano!r4 #aae ,if ! ,engli% comm]cial _w is incr$ul\s to ! dang] ( opium to ! ,*9aman1 n s ! ,*9ese _w4 ,p w tell y t ,ori5tals love to agree ) y 9 :atev] y say1 b ,i he>d a ,briti% ,vice-consul flatly contradict$ by a ,*9ese (ficial :5 ! ,vice-consul express$ a d\bt z to ! dang] ( ! vice1 & ,i mu/ say ! ,*9ese disputant support$ 8 contradiction ) an argum5t :i* seem$ to me p]fectly unansw]able4 ,he said3 ,look at ! ,japanese2 !y are imp>tial spectators ( ! vice ( alcoholism & opium-smok+2 !y are conv]sant ) ! wor/ =ms ( alcoholism t :ite m5 c %[ !m4 ,x is well kn[n t :ite sailors are great (f5d]s 9 ?is respect4 ,e port 9 ,japan kn[s :at x is to see a drunk5 sailor f9d+ 8 way to 8 %ip4 ,!y are equally conv]sant ) ! vice ( opium-smok+4 ,!y h intimate contact ) ! ,*9ese2 !y "k bo? ! rec5t orig9 ( ?is vice & its t]rible ravages2 & :at d !y d8 ,d !y =bid bo? vices equally8 ,no2 !y are s conv9c$ t opium is s mu* m dang]\s ?an alcohol1 t !y w n all[ x to be introduc$ into _! c\ntry = smok+ purposes1 & ! smuggl] is liable to five ye>s' p5al s]vitude4 ,b ! vice ( alcoholism !y treat z some?+ :i*1 ?\gh h>mful1 c nev] ?reat5 _! national exi/5ce4 ,p]haps we :o h suff]$ mu* m f ! vice ( alcoholism ?an ( opium-smok+ may be #aaf incl9$ to ?9k t :ile ! ,japanese are "r 9 ! opium "q1 !y are act+ imprud5tly 9 all[+ alcoholism to ga9 su* a hold on _! p2 b :e!r !y are "r or wrong1 !re c be no d\bt t ! ,*9ese (ficial _h ju/ice on 8 side :5 he po9t$ out t to ! ,japanese m9d ! evils t opium-smok+ _h done to ,*9a 7 ( a mo/ s]i\s "*4 ,8 ,excell5cy ,tang-,k'ai-,sun spoke ! ,*9ese m9d :51 9 an eloqu5t spee* at ! ,%anghai ,conf]5ce1 he told ( ! awful desolation t opium 0 br++ to 8 l&4 ,b x is unnecess>y to quote ! op9ion ( individual ,*9am52 !y are practically unanim\s on ?is subject4 ,"o has only got to po9t to :at ,*9a has done to %[ two ?+s4 ,fir/1 t ! curse ( opium-smok+ 0 f> great] & m horrible ?an any?+ t we h exp]i5c$ on ?is side ( ! globe2 next1 t !re is lat5t 9 ! ,*9ese "* a vig\r & an en]gy :i*1 :5 x is call$ into action1 despises all ob/acles & acts s effici5tly z to leave ! _w lo/ 9 a/oni%m5t4 ,realise :at ,*9a has done4 ,*9a is addict$ to a vice :i* has a f> great] hold ^u h] ?an alcoholism has ^u u2 %e det]m9es t )9 t5 ye>s t vice is to cease4 ,! production ( ! poppy is to be dim9i%$ till none is produc$2 opium-smok]s are to be held up to public scorn2 opium d5s--:i* are really ! equival5t ( our public-h\ses--are to be clos$2 all (ficials :o take #aag opium are to be turn$ out ( ,gov]nm5t employ2 ! only exception t is made is = old m51 & t exception 0 q unavoidable4 ,s vigor\s 0 ! action ( ! ,gov]nm5t t m5 :o h = =ty or fifty ye>s ( _! lives tak5 opium1 tri$ to give x up2 ! result 0 9 sev]al cases t !y 7 unable to support ! physical /ra92 a great illness1 ev5 dea?1 ensu$2 & s ! edict 0 relax$2 m5 ov] sixty 7 all[$ to cont9ue smok+4 ,:5 all ?is 0 publi%$1 e "o smil$4 ,!y argu$ t ,*9a 0 try+ to d ! impossible4 ,a vice l opium-smok+ may be extirpat$1 b only aft] ye>s ( /ruggle4 ,a g5]ation mu/ come & a g5]ation mu/ g be=e opium or any simil> vice %[s appreciable dim9ution4 ,we ourselves h n be5 unsuccessful 9 /ruggl+ aga9/ ! vice ( alcoholism2 b consid] ! numb] ( ye>s s9ce ,fa!r ,ma!w fir/ spoke aga9/ dr9k4 ,engl& may be gr[+ sob]1 b x is by sl[ if /eady degrees4 ,b ,*9a hopes to accompli% 9 t5 ye>s :at has tak5 ,engl& s _m pati5t ye>s ( toil to effect p>tially4 ,! idea t ,*9a c\ld d ?is 0 reg>d$ by mo/ ,we/]ns z almo/ laughable4 ,9 #aijg1 :5 ! edict 0 fir/ put =?1 all ^? we met 9 ,*9a held ?is view2 ev5 mission>ies1 :ile !y gave e cr$it to ! ,gov]nm5t = :at x int5d$1 %ook _! heads & =etold disappo9tm5t4 ,we notic$ z we pass$ along t #aah wond]ful l9e t l9ks ,hank[ to ,pek+ & ,pek+ to ,h>b9 9 #aijg t ! c\ntry 0 beautiful ) ! :ite & p9k crops ( poppy1 till at times "o might imag9e t ! trans=mation sc5e ( a ,london !atre 0 be=e u r ?an ! l& ( ,*9a1 & rememb]+ :at we _h be5 told1 we also confid5tly expect$ failure to ! edict :i* requires ! de/ruction ( s _m miles ( ?is p]nici\s if beautiful crop4 ,9 #aiji1 :5 we aga9 trav]s$ ! same c\ntry1 we c\ld n see a s+le poppy fl[]2 n only s1 b we made e ef=t to see if we c\ld f9d a field4 ,we w5t = a tw5ty mile walk at ,i*ang ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 :]e no "o c\ld h expect$ a =eign] to come1 & we only f\nd "o t9y pat* ( poppy1 & "o 9 :i* ! ru?less h& ( ! law _h root$ up ! gr[+ crop4 ,z we w5t up ! ,gorges ( ! ,yangtsze we scann$ ) a /rong glass ! hillside1 & nev] once on ^? glori\s m\nta9s did we see any sign ( opium cultivation4 ,we ask$ ab\t ! (ficials2 n only 0 ! ,gov]nm5t en=c+ ! law t (ficials mu/ give up opium-smok+1 b !y 7 tak+ a m effectual action2 !y 7 requir+ all ^? :o 7 go+ to be (ficials to sp5d "s "t "u sup]vision1 to ensure t !y %\ld n be opium-smok]s4 ,c\ld any ,we/]n p[] hope to accompli% su* a feat8 ,w\ld ! mo/ extreme temp]ance re=m] sugge/ t all public-h\ses %\ld be clos$1 t ! am\nt ( b>ley #aai %\ld be dim9i%$ e ye> till )9 t5 ye>s none %\ld be gr[n1 & t all ! ,gov]nm5t (ficials1 f ! ,prime ,m9i/] d[nw>ds1 %\ld become total ab/a9]s )9 t p]iod8 ,! reason ( ?is vigor\s action ( ,*9a & its pres5t success is to be attribut$ to two ?+s3 fir/1 to ! t]rible & v real national fe> t ?is vice w de/roy ! nation1 z x has de/roy$ c\ntless families & individuals2 secondly1 to ! va/ /ore ( en]gy :i* enables ,*9a to accept new ideas & act vigor\sly on !m4 ,! great revolution ( ?\ght t is go+ on has call$ =? ?is vig\r4 ,! ,*9a ( ye/]day 0 fa9ant & unprogressive4 ,! ,*9a t is em]g+ out ( ?is revolution ( ?\ght is en]getic1 ?\gh possibly unpractical4 ,! old traditions ( ,gov]nm5t are n lo/1 & !y wait b = ! man & ! h\r to enable ,*9a to act z vigor\sly z %e has done 9 "t pa/4 ,h] action 9 ?is opium "q may be ill-consid]$ 9 "s details2 x may ev5 fail2 b x has %[n ! _w t ,*9a is 9 e>ne/1 & t %e c act ) a vig\r :i* w cause wond] & envy on ?is side ( ! _w4 ,e mission>y reports t ev5 high (ficials are com+ ask+ to be cur$ ( ! opium habit4 ,! mission>ies h f\nd$ refuges :]e !y receive & cure ^? :o are ready to submit to ! t]rible ordeal1 = _! suff]+ is int5se4 ,_m quack cures are adv]tis$4 ,"s are def9itely p]nici\s2 = in/ance1 ! #abj morphia syr+e has become a common article = sale 9 "s p>ts ( ,*9a4 ,"s few may be b5eficial4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! movem5t aga9/ opium is a great national movem5t1 & is n ! result ( ! action ( any small or fanatical p>ty4 ,:at ,*9a has done proves t ?is is s4 ,let me close ! *apt] by a quotation f ! able/ ( ! =eign repres5tatives at ,pek+1 ,sir ,john ,jordan4 ,writ+ to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey1 he says3 ,x is true t ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t h 9 rec5t ye>s effect$ "s f>-rea*+ *anges1 ( :i* ! abolition ( ! old exam9ation sy/em is p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ in/ance2 b to sweep away 9 a decade habits :i* h be5 ! gr[? ( at lea/ a c5tury1 & :i* h ga9$ a firm hold ^u #h1jjj1jjj ( ! adult population ( ! empire1 is a task :i* has1 ,i imag9e1 be5 r>ely attempt$ ) success 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory2 & ! attempt1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is to be made at a "t :5 ! ,c5tral ,gov]nm5t has l>gely lo/ ! p[] to impose its w ^u ! prov9ces4 ,! au?ors ( ! movem5t are1 h[ev]1 confid5t ( success1 & ,*9a w des]ve & d\btless receive mu* sympa?y 9 any s]i\s ef=t %e may make to /amp out ! evil4 #aba ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,wom5',s ,,"q ,! desire = radical *ange is nev] s mu* to be dread$ z :5 x attacks ! home life ( a nation4 ,t quiet life s (t5 hidd5 away because ( its v sacr$ness by ! ,ea/]n races is l ev]y?+ else 9 ,*9a di/urb$ by ! introduction ( ,we/]n civilisation1 & 9 no o!r "p ( human life w its two diff]5t sides be m app>5t4 ,we/]n civilisation )\t ,*ri/ianity w de/roy ! home life z x de/roys mo/ ,ea/]n ?+s x t\*es1 & w d little to con/ruct a new life to take ! place ( ! "o x de/roys4 ,! ,japanese compla9 t ,we/]n civilisation has de/roy$ bo? ! mode/y & ! religion ( _! wom51 & ,*ri/ianity has n yet be5 able to any great ext5t to recon/ruct on ! basis ( true religion new ideals ( fem99e life4 ,!re=e ! ,*9ese1 ) all _! en?usiasm = ,we/]n culture1 are look+ a little n]v\sly at :at !y see has happ5$ 9 ,japan4 ,!y say t _! home life is n n[ unbeautiful2 ev5 ^? :o are dispos$ to admit t ! life ( ! ,we/]n woman is f\nd$ on high] ideals ?an _! own w n all[ t _! national home life des]ves unmix$ #abb condemnation4 ,ev]ybody agrees t ! wanton de/ruction ( ! laws :i* gov]n wom5's life 9 ,*9a may h a t]rible result :5 ,we/]n civilisation is unwisely introduc$1 especially if x is made to appe> to be a civilisation )\t religion4 ,! mission>ies see 9 ?is crisis ! necessity = vigor\s action2 :ile ?ankful = ! movem5t1 !y realise ! responsibility x puts ^u ,*ri/ians to see t t movem5t is wisely direct$4 ,9 ! memorial f ! ,c5t5>y ,conf]5ce at ,%anghai 9 #aijg to ! ,home ,*ur*es1 !y say3-- ,! *ang$ attitude ( ,*9a t[>ds female education & ! place ( woman1 lays ^u u great responsibilities4 ,! uplift+ ( woman is a fir/ ne$ 9 ! moral reg5]ation ( a p1 & "o ( ! ?+s 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity has a totally diff]5t ideal f t :i* ! religions ( ,*9a h enc\rag$4 ,! pres5t *ange ( national s5tim5t on ! subject is "o ( ! indirect b none ! less /rik+ *anges t ! sl[ b /eady dissem9ation ( ,*ri/ian ideas 9 ,*9a dur+ ! pa/ c5tury has l$ to4 ,let x be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t x requires ! ,*ri/ian motive p[] to make x successful & fruitful4 ,x is some:at difficult to obta9 in=mation f ! ,*9ese !mselves z to ! position ( wom54 ,!y are v av]se to discuss+ ! subject2 9 fact1 x is n ev5 reg>d$ z good mann]s = a man to ask aft] ! heal? ( 8 mo/ intimate fri5d's wife2 & all ! in=mation t we c\ld #abc get _h = ! mo/ "p to be obta9$ by ,lady ,flor5ce ,cecil ?r\gh fem99e s\rces4 ,we may g5]ally /ate1 h[ev]1 t ! position ( wom5 9 ,*9a is nei!r s l[ z t :i* !y occupy 9 ,india or among ! ,mohamm$ans1 nei!r is x 9 any degree s high z ! position ( wom5 9 ,we/]n l&s4 ,! woman is completely subject to ! man2 till %e m>ries %e is subject to h] fa!r1 :5 %e is m>ri$ %e is subject to h] husb&1 & if h] husb& dies %e is !n subject to h] son1 & r>ely re-m>ries4 ,^! are call$ ! ?ree ob$i5ces4 ,%e is n educat$ z a rule1 because bo? public op9ion & ,*9ese philosophy reg>d h] z m5tally f> inf]ior to ! man4 ,we %all expla9 lat] on h[ 9 ,*9ese ?\ght ev]y?+ is divid$ into a good & an evil pr9ciple--a ,yang & a ,y94 ,! woman is di/9ctly ,y94 ,%e is !re=e necess>y to man1 b at ! same "t inf]ior4 ,aga91 ) reg>d to ! "q ( polygamy1 h] position is an int]m$iate "o betwe5 ! av[$ polygamy ( ,moslem c\ntries & ! ill-ma9ta9$ monogamy ( _m a ,lat9 c\ntry4 ,9 ,hong-,kong ! position 0 expla9$ by a ,*9aman to me ?us3 t :5 a woman grew old x 0 reg>d$ z h] duty to provide a second>y wife = h] husb&'s pleasure & z a companion = h]self--a companion ) a s5se ( s]vitude 9 x4 ,if ?is 0 done 9 an ord]ly mann]1 x 0 absolutely approv$ by ,*9ese public op9ion4 ,if1 #abd on ! o!r h&1 ! husb&1 ignor+ ! wife's rights1 %\ld *oose a second>y wife = himself & set h] up 9 ano!r h\se1 8 attitude w\ld be reg>d$ z di/9ctly d\btful by ! respectable ,*9ese4 ,9 ! same way if an (ficial 7 appo9t$ to a di/ant po/ he w\ld probably n ?9k ( impos+ ^u 8 wife ) h] de=m$ feet ! pa9 & discom=t ( a long j\rney2 he w\ld mo/ likely take a natural-foot$ woman1 :o w be = t reason a slave2 9 fact1 "o g5tleman w5t s f> z to say t he ?\ght t ! squeez$ feet _h a great deal to d ) ?is in/itution ( a second>y wife1 because he not$ t ! second>y wives ( all ! (ficials :5 !y 7 travell+ 7 natural-foot$ wom54 ,! second>y wife w\ld be r>ely a woman ( good class2 x is all[$ to be an inf]ior position4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if %e be>s h] husb& a son1 & t son is recognis$1 all t son's relations1 & !re=e all 8 "m's relations1 become relations ( ! fa!r4 ,! curi\s tangle :i* su* a position begets :5 br\ght into contact ) ! ,*ri/ian idea is exemplifi$ 9 ?is /ory4 ,a ri* ,*9aman _h ?ree wives4 ,by 8 lawful wife he _h n9e *ildr52 by ! o!r two he _h none2 b 8 second wife 0 a woman ( v /rong "*1 & %e 0 br\ght 9 t\* ) ! mission>ies by ! ,*9ese wife ( a ,european4 ,%e app>5tly rul$ ! h\se ) a k9dly rule to :i* all ! o!rs #abe b[$4 ,%e did ev]y?+ 9 an en]getic & vigor\s way1 & %e /udi$ ,*ri/ianity till %e 0 conv9c$ ( its tru?1 & !n %e dem&$ baptism4 ,!re 0 a great difficulty2 %e mu/ leave h] husb& be=e %e c\ld be baptiz$4 ,aft] consid]able delay %e accept$ ! condition1 b resi/ance came1 n alone f ! man1 b f ! o!r two wives4 ,!y c\ld n possibly get on )\t h]2 !y 7 l si/]s2 & %e mu/ be all[$ to return to ! h\se4 ,%e refus$1 ?\gh ! pressure 0 extreme4 ,! man said t he _h promis$ 8 ance/ors t none ( 8 *ildr5 %\ld be ,*ri/ians1 & t 8 own "m w\ld n =give him2 b ! woman held firm1 & at la/ %e 0 baptiz$4 ,h] face 0 beautiful to behold :ile %e 0 accept+ ,*ri/ianity & r5\nc+ all t made life sweet to h]4 ,! husb& 0 s mov$ by h] =titude t he sign$ a pap] promis+ n to mole/ h]1 & yet to support h] ap>t1 s t %e %\ld n be 9 any ne$4 ,at ! ,%anghai ,conf]5ce !re 71 curi\s to relate1 _m wom5 :o wi%$ ! ,*ri/ian body to recognise exi/+ polygamy among ! ,*9ese4 ,a s5t5ce ( ! resolution propos$ 0 t second>y wives may be admitt$ to memb]%ip if obvi\sly true ,*ri/ians4 ,mr4 ,arnold ,fo/] resi/$ ! inclusion ( ^! words1 & !y 7 lo/4 ,no d\bt ! ,conf]5ce 0 wise 9 tak+ ?is l9e4 ,x is mo/ ess5tial to ma9ta9 ! purity #abf ( ! home life1 & ! difficulty t arises f second>y wives desir+ to jo9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* c nev] be a v important "o1 z ! va/ majority ( ,*9ese are monogam\s4 ,a s]i\s evil ?is cu/om creates is t ( female slav]y4 ,bo? 9 ,japan & ,*9a "o ( ! awful p5alties ( pov]ty is t a man is sometimes =c$ to sell 8 female *ildr54 ,^! little girls are b\ght by prud5t ,*9am51 fir/ to be s]vants to _! own wives & !n to act z second>y wives to _! sons to prev5t !m go+ else:]e4 ,sometimes !y are kidnapp$ by m5 :o make a regul> bus9ess ( ?is cruel traffic4 ,/ories are told ( boat-loads ( ^! *ildr5 be+ br\ght d[n ! ,yangtsze1 conceal$ bel[ ! deck & t]roris$ to keep !m quiet by "o ( _! numb] be+ kill$ be=e _! eyes4 ,on "o occasion a mission>y sudd5ly saw a h& ?ru/ ?r\gh ! planks ( ! deck1 & on inve/igation he discov]$ a doz5 *ildr5 hidd5 bel[1 & z x turn$ out !y _h be5 kidnapp$1 n b\ght1 he 0 able to get !m releas$4 ,^! slaves are ! absolute prop]ty ( _! own]s1 & _m are ! tales told ( ! cruel & neglectful treatm5t to :i* !y are subject$4 ,9 ,%anghai ! ,*9ese police w report su* cases1 & 9 consequ5ce ! ladies ( ! settlem5t h f\nd$ an admirable in/itution to :i* !y c be br\ght4 ,! ,slave ,refuge des]ves all support4 ,!re ! little girls are taught & c>$ =1 & help$ to #abg =get ! t]rible exp]i5ces "s ( !m h gone ?r\gh4 ,sad to relate1 _m ( !m h to be tak5 fir/ to ! hospital to be cur$ f ! effects ( ! ill-treatm5t !y h receiv$4 ,"o poor little ?+ w5t into convulsions :5 a fire 0 lit 9 ! w>d2 x 0 difficult to und]/& ! reason1 b :5 x happ5$ aga9 & ! poor *ild utt]$ incoh]5t appeals = m]cy1 x 0 discov]$ t %e ?\ght ! fire 0 lit to heat opium ne$les ) :i* to torture h]4 ,h] sy/em 0 too %att]$ = recov]y1 b _m o!rs get q well & =m a pleas+ sight at "w & play 9 ! bright *e]ful ,refuge1 ) ! happy ela/icity ( y\? =gett+ ! injuries :i* 9 "s cases h left on !m p]man5t sc>s4 ,b ,i fe> ! sy/em ( slav]y cont9ues v commonly all ov] ,*9a1 & su* a philan?ropic ef=t z ! ,%anghai ,slave ,refuge c t\* b a v small proportion ( !m4 ,probably :5 ! little slaves are de/9$ to be wives to _! mi/resses' sons !y are treat$ less cruelly1 & ?\gh employ$ z h\sehold drudges1 d n live actively unhappy lives4 ,)\t /at+ t wom5 z a :ole are mis]able1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be no exagg]ation to say t !y are inf9itely less happy ?an _! ,we/]n si/]s4 ,_m ( ! national cu/oms militate aga9/ _! happ9ess4 ,! cu/om ( *ild betro?al1 = in/ance1 condemns a woman to live completely subject to a man = :om %e p]haps #abh has ! greate/ natural antipa?y4 ,/ories are told ( brides committ+ suicide r ?an leave _! fa!r's h\se to be m>ri$ to m5 = :om !y feel no affection2 yet z a :ole !y accept _! position1 & a ,*9ese woman has nei!r ! w nor ! p[] to be untrue to h] husb&4 ,aga91 ! rule ( ! husb&'s "m is v (t5 extremely h>%2 ! *ild-wife is little bett] ?an h] drudge4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 a woman gr[s old]1 h] position is "o ( consid]able /r5g?4 ,i 0 assur$ t !y take a ke5 int]e/ 9 ! managem5t ( _! husb&s' prop]ties1 & (t5 %[ !mselves excell5t bus9ess wom54 ,! position :i* ! late ,empress ( ,*9a acquir$ %[s t wom5's position is ! v rev]se ( inf]ior :5 dignifi$ by age4 ,& n[ be=e all ?is woman's _w glitt]s ,we/]n civilisation2 ! great] dignity :i* is accord$ !re9 to wom5 is envi$ & ! laws :i* re/ra9 h] are misund]/ood4 ,! ,*9ese wom5 he> /ories ( ,we/]n life4 ,at fir/ su* /range p]v]sions are believ$ z t 9 ! ,we/ wom5 rule4 ,"o mission>y expla9$ t ?is absurd figm5t came f ! rule ( ! late ,que52 ano!r attribut$ x to ! cu/om m5 h :5 travell+ 9 ,*9a ( walk+ :ile _! wives rema9$ 9 ! c>ry+ *air4 ,to ! ,*9aman su* a c\rse admits ( b "o explanation3 ! #abi woman mu/ be great] ?an ! man because %e is c>ri$ :ile he walks4 ,aga91 9 ,we/]n ,*9a !y le>nt ?r\gh _! local press t girls & boys receiv$ a simil> education 9 ,engl&1 & !y conclud$ t ! dress mu/ be also simil>1 & ! mission>ies 7 m amus$ ?an sc&alis$ at see+ a ,gov]nm5t girls' s*ool turn$ out 9 boys' clo!s4 ,x 0 expla9$ to u t ?is 0 f> f be+ an uncommon cu/om 9 ,*9a2 slave-girls :o h be5 br\ght up ) natural feet are habitually dress$ z boys1 & x is common n[ = fa!rs ( small daught]s ) unb\nd feet to avoid ! unpleasant taunts ( ! ignorant by all[+ _! daught]s :ile !y are *ildr5 to we> boys' clo!s4 ,/ill on ! :ole ! desire = imitation ( ! ,we/ has be5 v b5eficial to ! wom5 ( ,*9a1 especially 9 ?is matt] ( foot-b9d+4 ,?is disgu/+ cu/om is go+ out ( fa%ion among ! enlight5$ & educat$ classes2 two or ?ree ,*9ese g5tlem5 assur$ u t ?is 0 s2 & 9 a place l ,%anghai1 :]e ! ,we/]n movem5t is v /rong1 ! numb] ( wom5 ) unb\nd feet is q rem>kable2 ! great] numb] ( !m naturally h _h _! feet b\nd1 & z feet b\nd f infancy nev] become q normal1 !y /ill h some?+ ( ! tott]+ walk :i* us$ to be ! admiration ( e ,*9aman2 9 fact1 ?is tott]+ walk is pres]v$ z a piece ( #acj affectation4 ,a lady told u t ev5 h] ,*ri/ian girls' s*ool 0 n above su* a fem99e weakness4 ,z !y walk$ to ,*ur* !y w\ld /ep out ) ! sw++ /ride t regul> gymna/ic ex]cises & a mo/ com=table dress h enc\rag$2 sudd5ly ! lady w\ld see ! :ole ( h] s*ool /ruck ) a sort ( p>alysis :i* made !m ex*ange _! easy gait = ! tott]+-lily walk ( ! ,*9ese small-foot$ wom54 ,! cause is t ! boys' s*ool has j come into sight4 ,i fe> x mu/ be admitt$ t foot-b9d+ cont9ues to be practis$ 9 ! int]ior among/ ! poor] wom51 :o cl+ to ! cu/om = fe> ( ridicule4 ,! mo/ b5eficial effect ( ! admiration ( ! ,we/ is ! e>ne/ desire t x has giv5 to ,*9ese wom5 = education4 ,s ke5 is ?is desire t ev5 m>ri$ wom5 w become *ildr5 aga9 & take _! position 9 ! class4 ,husb&s :o h receiv$ ,we/]n education are mo/ anxi\s t _! wives %\ld %>e some:at 9 _! int]e/s4 ,lady ,flor5ce c\ld see ov] girls' s*ools :]e a man's visit w\ld n h be5 acceptable1 s %e visit$ _m ( all v>ieties1 includ+ two at ,pek+ ( a r unusual description4 ,"o ( !m 0 c>ri$ on by a ,man*u lady ( high position1 connect$ ) a great ,man*u pr9ce4 ,h] attitude g5]ally t[>ds ! =w>d wom5's movem5t (f5ds h] family1 z %e lectures publicly on topics ( ! "t4 #aca ,h] s*ool is small1 &1 alas1 n v effici5t1 %e hav+ fall5 into ! usual fallacy among/ ! ,*9ese ( believ+ t a ,japanese in/ructress mu/ ( necessity be effici5t4 ,/ill h] desire to give education to ! *ildr5 ( ! poor is wor?y ( no?+ b comm5dation4 ,%e look$ mo/ impressive1 be+ a f9e big h&some woman1 attir$ 9 ! ,man*u long robe ) ! ornate ,man*u head-dress4 ,! second s*ool my wife saw 0 manag$ by ano!r ,man*u lady1 & x seem$ m ord]ly & m successful ?an ! o!r4 ,^! two s*ools te/ifi$ to a desire to improve ! /atus ( wom54 ,my wife visit$ _m o!r s*ools1 "s belong+ to missions ( v>i\s d5om9ations1 :i* attract$ ! daught]s & ev5 ! wives ( upp]-class m51 :o mix$ q happily ) girls ( l[] degree1 be+ all unit$ 9 a f]v5t desire = education1 ! rul+ desire n[ 9 ,*9a among wom5 ( all classes4 ,?is desire = education is a great opportunity = ! mission>ies1 & !y appeal mo/ eloqu5tly 9 ! message f :i* we h already quot$ = help f _! si/]s 9 ,engl&4 ,we ne$ m s*ools = girls & m consecrat$ & highly tra9$ wom5 compet5t to conduct su* s*ools & gradually to give high] & high] in/ruction 9 !m4 ,we ne$ m tra9+ s*ools1 also1 = ,*9ese wom51 to fit !m to "w among _! si/]s1 & we ne$ educat$ ,*ri/ian ladies f our homel&s = ,z5ana "w 9 ! h\ses ( ! #acb well-to-d4 ,su* "w w\ld h be5 impossible a few ye>s ago2 n[ ! visits ( su* work]s w\ld 9 _m cases be cordially welcom$ by ,*9ese ladies1 & frequ5tly !y w\ld be return$1 = ! seclusion ( wom5 9 ,*9a is n at all z /rict z x is 9 ,india4 ,?is1 s f>1 has be5 a comp>atively unwork$ sph]e ( usefulness 9 ,*9a1 b x is "o full ( promise & ( graci\s opportunity 9 ! pres5t4 ,! difficulty ( education is 9 "o way increas$ & 9 ano!r way decreas$ by ! ignorance :i* _m wom5 h ( read+ ! ,*9ese *>act]s4 ,a new sy/em has be5 inv5t$ by :i* ,*9ese c be writt5 9 our lett]s z pron\nc$4 ,?is is call$ by ! r unc\? "n ( ,romanis$4 ,at ! ,%anghai ,conf]5ce we 7 told wond]ful /ories ( ! incr$ibly %ort space ( "t 9 :i* wom5 le>nt to read by ?is sy/em4 ,a woman ( sixty-sev5 le>nt 9 two mon?s2 :ile "o lady ass]t$ t %e _h taught a boy to read betwe5 ,friday & ,w$nesday1 ,i may add inclusive4 ,?is extraord9>y a*ievem5t is n q s impossible z x w\ld be ) our m complicat$ languages4 ,! ,*9ese h extremely few s\nds1 & _! language is monosyllabic 9 =mation4 ,h[ev]1 we d n ask our read]s to accept ?is z ! normal rate ( education2 /ill ! ?+ is wor? m5tion+1 because x is possibly ! beg9n+ ( a great movem5t :i* may alt] ! :ole ( education 9 ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,! extreme ease ) #acc :i* ,*9ese c be writt5 9 our lett]s may induce "s d>+ _s to advocate x z a sy/em fitt$ = ! education ( ! poor1 ?\gh ?is is at pres5t q improbable4 ,a f> d>k] side to ! introduction ( ,we/]n ways is ! gradual naturalisation ( ! social evils ( ! ,we/4 ,lady ,flor5ce _h ! privilege ( see+ "s ( ! rescue "w und]tak5 by devot$ mission>y ladies 9 ,%anghai4 ,be+ an op5 port1 ?is t[n1 9 common1 ,i believe1 ) ! o!r semi-,we/]nis$ ports 9 ,*9a1 be>s a v bad "* z reg>ds purity ( morals4 ,! adv5t ( ! =eign] has done no?+ b h>m 9 ?is respect4 ,wond]ful & horrible ?\gh x may seem1 ! vice-m>t exi/s 9 ! ports ma9ly 9 connection ) ! =eign]s1 :o appe> to h %[n ! way to ! ,*9ese4 ,!re is a /reet 9 ,%anghai1 ! ,foo*[ ,road1 :]e t]rible sc&als occur almo/ op5ly2 signs ^: int5tion is veil$ to ! outsid] by 8 ignorance ( ,*9ese *>act]s1 boldly adv]tise ! m]its ( v>i\s h\ses & _! inmates4 ,=m]ly ^! wret*$ girls 7 ev5 p>ad$ 9 op5 *airs1 b ?is has be5 /opp$1 ?\gh !y are /ill c>ri$ ab\t 9 clos$ *airs4 ,! sc5es 9 ?is /reet z night falls are a sad witness to ! ill effect ( ,we/]n ideas )\t ,*ri/ianity4 ,x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t ! victims ( ?is condition ( ?+s are lit]ally victims4 ,!y h no *oice 9 ! matt]4 ,!y are sold by _! p>5ts1 ev5 by _! husb&s1 #acd into _! t]rible position2 & ?\gh "s may live a life ( luxury1 mo/ ( !m are cruelly treat$1 beat51 tortur$ to prev5t flight1 &1 z is prov$ by _! subsequ5t conduct1 !y reg>d ! life ) absolute loa?+4 ,inspir$ by pr(\nd pity = ^! poor creatures1 ^! excell5t ladies />t$ a ,refuge = !m ) a receiv+-h\se 9 ! v mid/ ( ?is locality ( ill-fame4 ,to ?is hav5 ! poor ?+s (t5 flee ev5 9 ! middle ( ! night1 fac+ ! unkn[n1 undet]r$ by rum\rs ( ! evil int5tions ( ! =eign]s put ab\t by _! own]s1 r ?an endure long] ! life ( degradation & mis]y to :i* !y h be5 condemn$4 ,! mission>ies receive !m & pass !m on to ! ,door ( ,hope1 ! appropriately nam$ ,refuge1 :i* re/ores !m to hope & peace & happ9ess4 ,!re 7 to be se5 "s eighty "y wom5 liv+ a h>d-work+ simple life1 cont5t$ & m]ry1 & app>5tly nev] regrett+ = "o mom5t ! f9e clo!s & lazy luxury :i* _m ( !m _h r5\nc$4 ,! ladies tea* !m useful arts1 in/ruct !m 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & fit !m = wives to ,*9ese ,*ri/ians :o w be good to !m1 &1 und]/&+ well t _! =m] life 0 involunt>y1 are glad to h wives ) a modicum ( education4 ,! ladies w all[ non-,*ri/ians to mate ) non-,*ri/ians1 if ( good "*2 b !y w n p]mit any ( _! rescu$ flock to become second>y wives4 #ace ,two ?+s are rem>kable 9 ?is "w ( almo/ div9e compassion--a relapse is practically unkn[n2 & x is ! ,*9ese :o are mo/ helpful 9 enc\rag+ x--m s ?an =eign]s2 ! ,*9ese (t5 !mselves sugge/ ! ,door ( ,hope to ^! girls1 & help 9 police cases to save !m f _! brutal own]s4 ,! risk t ,*9a runs at ?is mom5t 9 ! home-life is ! same z ! risk t %e is runn+ 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( h] national exi/5ce4 ,if ! mat]iali/ side ( ,we/]n civilisation is ! "o t is ! mo/ app>5t1 x is sc>cely possible t x w fail to d great damage to h] home-life4 ,a ?\ghtful ,*9aman1 talk+ ab\t ! :ole "q1 argu$ 9 fav\r ( a complete acceptance ( ,we/]n ideas4 ,he 0 afraid ( a half measure4 ,he said t !re 0 no "q t wom5 9 ! ,we/ are re/ra9$ by a mass ( conv5tions ( ^: value !y are p]haps unconsci\s1 b :i* are v app>5t to ^? :o h be5 br\ght up 9 a diff]5t civilisation4 ,x is ! exi/5ce ( ^! conv5tions t makes _! lib]ty possible4 ,if ! ,*9ese are to accept ,we/]n civilisation = _! wom51 & he reg>d$ ?is z inevitable1 !y mu/ le>n ! conv5tions2 & !re=e 8 solution to ! problem 0 t ,*9ese girls %\ld be br\ght to ,engl& & br\ght up z ,engli% girls4 ,b _m mission>ies plead = ! opposite policy4 ,!y say3 ,let u pres]ve :at is good 9 ! ,*9ese home-life1 let ,*ri/ianity p]meate #acf t life & make x beautiful1 b d n de/roy x4 ,! ,*9ese home-life fits ! ,*9ese race4 ,! ,we/]nis$ ,*9awoman w comb9e ! errors ( bo? civilisations & ! virtues ( nei!r4 ,)\t giv+ an op9ion on ?is v vex$ "q1 we may express a hope t a policy ( prud5ce & mod]ation w gov]n ! action ( ^? :o are conc]n$ ) wom5's education1 = ! degree ( alt]ation :i* may be necess>y 9 wom5's life to make !m fitt$ to receive ,we/]n civilisation w be a matt] r ( exp]im5t ?an ( !ory4 ,at any rate let ,*ri/ianity prec$e any l>ge alt]ations1 = ,*ri/ianity alone c make ! life ( a ,we/]n woman intelligible & consi/5t to h] ,ea/]n si/]4 #acg ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,*9ese ,,ar*itecture ,among ! _m ways a nation has ( express+ its ?\ghts & ( %[+ its individuality1 none is m valuable to mank9d 9 g5]al ?an its art4 ,p]haps x c be said t e civilis$ nation has contribut$ to ! common /ock ( art1 & c]ta9ly ,*9a has done h] %>e4 ,! porcela9 :i* is call$ aft] h] "n te/ifies to h] pre-em95ce 9 c]amic art1 & %\ld make ,we/]ns cauti\s 9 express+ _! contempt = a race :i* is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to be ! orig9ator ( ?is indu/ry4 ,i w n attempt to express an op9ion ab\t ! my/]ies ( ?is art1 except to regret t ! "n ( ! c\ntry %\ld be s atta*$ to ?is product ( h] skill z con/antly to cause confusion4 ,:5 my fri5d ,ar*deacon ,m\le publi%$ 8 int]e/+ book on ,new ,*9a & ,old1 a lady wrote to him to say t %e did n c>e = new *9a1 b z %e 0 a collector ( old *9a1 %e w\ld mu* l to read 8 book4 ,*9a has contribut$ to o!r =ms ( art z well4 ,h] embroid]ies & h] lacqu] "w are well kn[n2 h] ivory c>v+ & silv] "w h f\nd a place 9 e collection4 ,h] art1 z we #ach might expect f a race :i* has be5 "u artificial conditions ( civilisation = _m ye>s1 is di/9ctly artificial4 ,9 x y c see ! _s ( a race :o = _m c5turies h be5 taught to control !mselves & to avoid ! natural expression ( _! feel+s4 ,if x is artificial 9 =m1 x is pleas+ 9 col\r & sup]b 9 workman%ip4 ,!re are few :o w n agree t e ef=t %\ld be made to pres]ve ^! arts f be+ injur$ by a false admiration ( ,we/]n models4 ,! only possible exception be+ mod]n embroid]ies1 :i* might be consid]ably improv$ if m h>moni\s col\rs 7 bl5d$ toge!r4 ,*9a excels 9 ano!r art1 ?\gh h] excell5ce is n admitt$ ei!r by ! =eign resid5t or ev5 by ! native /ud5t4 ,9 c]ta9 =ms ( ar*itecture %e is unequall$4 ,yet :5 ! ,we/]n] comes to ,*9a he glories 9 br++ ) him ,we/]n ar*itecture1 indiff]5t z to :e!r x is suit$ to ! climatic conditions or is 9 itself beautiful4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,engli% *ur*es ( ,*9a4 ,c\ld any =m ( ar*itecture be less suit$ to a c\ntry l ,*9a1 :]e ! sun is frequ5tly oppressively hot1 ?an ,go?ic ar*itecture8 ,! l>ge w9d[s1 ! po9t$ ar*1 & ! weak1 op51 high-pit*$ ro( may be suitable 9 a c\ntry l ours :i* has little sunlight1 & :]e a wet drift+ sn[ w (t5 =ce an entrance into ! be/-design$ ro(2 b 9 a c\ntry l ,*9a1 :]e ! sun is ! *ief difficulty1 "s con/ruction #aci %\ld be pref]r$ :i* r5d]s a heavy & heat-pro( ro( possible4 ,if antipa?y to ! ,*9ese necessitat$ a ,we/]n type ( build+1 ,italian or ev5 ,romanesque ar*itecture might be select$1 & a build+ ) a massive ro( support$ on solid ar*es might resi/ ! rays ( ! sun4 ,b :y n accept ! ,*9ese ar*itecture z em95tly fitt$ = ! climate8 ,if ,*ri/ianity is to be assimilat$ by ,*9a & become "p ( _! national exi/5ce1 ! build+s 9 :i* x is proclaim$ %\ld be ess5tially national4 ,! int5tion ( ! ,*ri/ian %\ld be writt5 cle>ly on ! face ( e l&scape :]e ! new & beautiful ,*9ese build+ rises up = ! religion :i* is1 z we ma9ta91 z ess5tially fitt$ = ! ,*9ese z x is = ! ,engli%4 ,we d n wor%ip 9 a ,roman basilica1 b 9 ! build+s t ! nor!rn ar*itects h devis$ z suitable1 bo? = ,*ri/ian wor%ip & = our climate4 ,! new ,*9ese *ur*es ne$ n be replicas ( ! ,*9ese temples2 ! object ( ! build+ is diff]5t1 !re=e ! build+ %\ld diff]1 b !re are _m o!r =ms 9 :i* x is possible = ! ar*itect to express 9 ,*9ese ar*itecture ! et]nal tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,aga91 :y are all ! s*ools & colleges erect$ on ,we/]n patt]ns4 ,! ,*9ese are us$ to & pref] _! own ar*itecture1 & f a sanit>y po9t ( view ,i h>dly ?9k x is inf]ior4 ,! av]age ,we/]n] 9 ,*9a has b "o idea1 & #adj t is t ! ,*9ese mu/ become l a ,we/]n nation or mu/ rema9 unt\*$ by ,we/]n civilisation4 ,he absolutely refuses ! sugge/ion t ! ar*itecture ( ,*9a c be alt]$ to suit mod]n conditions4 ,x is said t ! ?\ghts ( all nations are writt5 9 _! ar*itecture2 t y c see ! nobility ( ! ,middle ,ages 9 ! ,go?ic ca!dral1 or ! fulness ( ! ?\ght ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ! ,palladian facade2 c]ta9ly on ! mod]n ,*9ese t[n ! /ory ( _! *ange ( ?\ght is be+ rapidly writt51 p]haps ) tru?1 b c]ta9ly n ) beauty4 ,! ,we/]n man absolutely despis+ all ?+s ,*9ese refuses to erect any build+ :i* pres]ves ev5 a detail ( ! national ar*itecture2 ! ,we/]nis+ ,*9aman 9 fai?ful imitation erects ,we/]n build+s1 b ) ?is diff]5ce2 :]eas ! build+s ( ! ,we/]n h "s beauty--= in/ance1 ! ca!dral at ,%anghai is a noble build+ & ! ,pe-,t'ang at ,pek+ w\ld n disgrace an ,italian t[n1 ev5 ! bank]s' palaces at ,hank[ are n unwor?y dwell+s = m]*ant pr9ces--! ,*9ese imitations ( ^! ,we/]n build+s h b little beauty to comm5d !m1 & z f> z ,i c\ld und]/& !y are really less s]viceable ?an a true ,*9ese build+4 ,no ,european resid5t 9 ,*9a w ev] all[ t ,*9ese build+s are ei!r beautiful or useful1 & if any "o sugge/s t a ,we/]n h\se %all #ada be built 9 ! ,*9ese /yle ! sugge/ion is sc\t$ z absurd2 yet ! ,briti% ,legation at ,pek+ is an old ,*9ese palace1 & no "o :o has se5 x ev] d\bts t x is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful build+s 9 ! :ole ( ,*9a1 & if ?is build+ has be5 f\nd fitt+ = ,8 ,maje/y's ,repres5tative1 surely "s su* build+ might s]ve = o!rs ( less high /ation4 ,z to ! spiritual ideals 9 ,*9ese ar*itecture1 :o c d\bt !m :5 !y look at "s ( ! pagodas t ! rev]5ce ( ,buddhism has produc$4 ,^! pagodas tell 9 e l9e ( a nation t w\ld rea* up above m]e utilit>ianism to high] ?\ghts4 ,! uselessness ( ! pagoda :i* s (t5 annoys ! practical ,engli%man is "o ( its *ief m]its4 ,x /&s !re 9 all its beauty plead+ ) mank9d = a love ( beauty = its own sake & a belief 9 a beautiful _s _w4 ,! :ole ( ,buddhi/ ?\ght is intimately connect$ ) ! love ( beauty4 ,:5 a ,*9ese g5tleman 0 ask$ if ! ,*9ese _h any love ( beauty1 he said3 ,y w notice t _! temples are always built 9 beautiful spots1 s t !y :o wor%ip 9 !m %\ld satisfy _! love ( beauty4 ,ev5 if ! pagoda is m]ely reg>d$ z a ?+ to br+ luck to a t[n1 x /ill m]its admiration1 = !re mu/ be some?+ f9e 9 a race t believes a beautiful ?+ c br+ ! bless+ ( ! heav5ly bodies on ! e>?4 ,no "o c #adb /udy ! details ( any ( ^! pagodas )\t be+ confid5t t ^? :o erect$ !m _h z _! ma9 object ! erection ( a beautiful build+4 ,or aga91 take ! ,temple ( ,heav54 ,is !re any monum5t 9 ! :ole _w t has m feel+ ( beauty ab\t x8 ,! :ite alt> ly+ uncov]$ te/ifies to ! fundam5tal fai? ( ! ,*9ese t !re is a ,god 9 heav5 :o dwelle? n 9 temples made ) h&s1 :ile ! detail ( ! c>v+1 ?\gh %[+ a c]ta9 sam5ess1 yet indicates _! belief t ,god mu/ love beauty4 ,to see ! :ite ,alt> ( ,heav5 toge!r ) ! blue-ro($ ,temple beyond on "s sunny day :5 ! fl[]s are bloom+ & ! d>k gre5 ( ! p9e grove is 9 /rong contra/ ) ! light gre5 ( ! spr+ h]bage1 is "o ( ^? visions ( beauty :i* make a man dream & dream aga9 ( ! noble future t may be be=e a race :i* has its holie/ places 9 su* lovely surr\nd+s4 ,z mo/ ( ! read]s ( ?is book may nev] h se5 a ,*9ese build+1 p]haps x %\ld be describ$4 ,! ar*itecture ( ! ,*9ese diff]s f t ( ! ,we/ 9 almo/ e detail4 ,a ,*9ese t[n is a t[n )\t *imneys1 & yet ! abs5ce ( ^? *imneys :i* ,r5aissance ar*itects made su* a feature ( dome/ic ar*itecture is nev] miss$1 = ,*9ese ro(s are curv$ & decorat$ ) qua9t figures2 !y are (t5 #adc col\r$1 bright yell[ if ! build+ is an imp]ial build+1 or bright blue or blue & gre5 ) yell[ l9es1 z ta/e may direct4 ,common h\ses h n su* ornate ro(s1 b ,i am speak+ ( ! h\ses :i* h "s claim to ar*itectural excell5ce4 ,?is great ro( is c>ri$ directly on pill>s1 s t x is possible to h a ,*9ese h\se )\t walls1 & ^! wall-less h\ses are mo/ suitable to a c\ntry :]e ! summ] is hot4 ,! massive "* ( ! ro( prev5ts ! heat ( ! sun p5etrat+1 & ! abs5ce ( walls all[s ( a free curr5t ( air2 if !re are walls !y are g5]ally wood5 scre5s fill$ 9 ) pap]1 & ! effect 9 "s old ,*9ese h\ses is v lovely4 ,= w9t] wea!r ^! h\ses seem cold to u1 b ! ,*9ese h always believ$ 9 ! op5-air policy4 ,!y nev] heat _! h\ses2 !y rely ei!r on w>m clo?+ or on a flue-heat$ b$ at night2 & z !y are z a race v subject to consumption1 probably ?is policy is "o :i* is be/ suit$ to _! con/itutions4 ,at any rate x seems /range t :ile we 9 ,engl& are advocat+ op5-air s*ools1 op5-air cures1 & sleep+ ) ! w9d[ op51 9 ,*9a ,we/]n influ5ce %\ld be de/roy+ ! admiration = a spl5did =m ( ar*itecture1 ! *>act]i/ic ( :i* 0 t :ile x 0 ( great beauty1 x also %ield$ ! inmates f ! int5se heat ( summ] & gave !m ample fre% air4 ,:5 "s ,*9ese lit]ati 7 que/ion$ #add ab\t ?is ar*itecture !y freely confess$ t !y pref]r$ _! native build+s1 b !y seem$ to ?9k t a ,we/]n s*ool c\ld n be effici5t unless x 0 held 9 a ,we/]n build+4 ,mission>ies & o!rs be+ que/ion$ on ?is po9t ma9ta9$ t ,we/]n h\ses 7 9 ! end ! *eape/1 b ! ,*9ese w\ld n all[ ?is4 ,!y said t a ,*9ese h\se w\ld co/ f> m ?an a ,we/]n h\se if x 7 beautifully adorn$ ) c>v+1 b if x 0 built simply x w\ld "w out at less co/4 ,*9ese ar*itecture is obvi\sly a con/ruction :i* l5ds itself to ! use ( iron4 ,a ,*9ese build+ ) iron sub/itut$ = wood w\ld look z well1 = !y always pa9t _! wood2 ?is ought to be a v *eap =m ( con/ruction 9 a l& :i* is go+ to produce iron at a v l[ rate4 ,! tru? is t x is nei!r a "q ( co/ nor ( effici5cy :i* makes ! ,*9ese ar*itecture despis$2 x is "p ( ! great movem5t :i* expresses itself 9 /one & brick--a movem5t :i* is t5d+ to br+ ! ,ea/]n c\ntries into mis]y--a movem5t :i* is plant+ 9 ! ,ea/ all t is commonplace1 all t is hide\s 9 ! ,we/1 & t is de/roy+ all t is beautiful 9 ! ,ea/ bo? 9 ?\ght & col\r & =m4 ,x is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! movem5t :i* is de/roy+ ! fai? ( ! ,ea/]n nations & is only sub/itut+ ! mat]ialism :i* has degrad$ ! ,we/4 #adg ,,religions ,,( ,,*9a ,,& ,,! ,,mission>y ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,religions ,,9 ,,*9a ,! real p[] ( a race lies 9 its religion2 o!r motives inevitably t5d to egotism1 disorganisation1 & national dea?1 & ,*9a is no exception to ! rule2 ! /r5g? & ! weakness ( ,*9a lies 9 h] religion & 9 its abs5ce4 ,!re are few nations :o set less /ore by ! outw>d obs]vance ( religion & yet !re are few nations ) a great] belief 9 ! sup]natural4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! temples are des]t$ or turn$ into s*ools1 & ! ,*9ese are believ$ to h no o!r motives ?an self-int]e/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! :ole ( ,*9ese life turns r\nd ! relation ( man to ! _s ( 8 ance/ors & to ! spiritual _w1 & ! ,*9aman obvi\sly believes t a man's s\l is immortal & t its welf>e has ! v close/ connection ) ! welf>e ( 8 desc5dant4 ,! comm]cial man w tell y t ! ,*9ese are mat]iali/s--p :o h no fai?2 & yet ) glori\s inconsi/5cy he w expla9 t ! difficulty ( us+ ,*9ese lab\r abroad is t ev5 ! commone/ coolie dem&s t 8 body %all be repatriat$ & %all lie 9 "s place :i* w n h9d] 8 son do+ filial #adh wor%ip to 8 _s4 ,! :ole "q ( :at ! race believes is r5d]$ m difficult ( compreh5sion to a ,we/]n] by ! confus$ nature ( t belief1 & is complicat$ by ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*9ese ( mix+ all religions toge!r reg>dless ( _! natural incongruity4 ,x is hop$ t ! read] w be> ?is 9 m9d dur+ ! foll[+ explanation4 ,! religions ( ,*9a are usually class$ z ?ree4 ,n ?ree well-m>k$ religions 9 our s5se ( ! ^w1 b ?ree elem5ts :i* t5d to m]ge into a common religion4 ,!re are sep>ate religions4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ,*9ese1 = in/ance1 are ,mohamm$an1 & !y nei!r m>ry nor are giv5 9 m>riage to ! o!r ,*9ese2 !re is a v small ,jewi% community2 & !re is also a native ,greek ,*ri/ian village /ill tol]at$ by ! ,*9ese1 :i* 0 transplant$ f ,sib]ia z ! result ( a ,*9ese conque/ 9 ! days ( ,pet] ! ,great2 !re are a qu>t] ( a million ,*ri/ians conv]t$ by non-,roman missions1 besides a million belong+ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,communion4 ,b ,*ri/ianity1 ,judaism1 & ,mohamm$anism put all toge!r1 =m b a small "p ( ! ,*9ese community1 & ! great] "p ( ,*9a believes1 accord+ to all or?odox expositors1 9 ?ree religions--,buddhism1 ,taoism1 & :at is t]m$ ,confucianism4 ,?is conglom]ate ( ?ree religions consi/s 9 its turn ( composite fai?s4 ,buddhism 9 ,*9a is n l ! ,buddhism ( ,ceylon ) its agno/ic #adi tea*+4 ,buddhism is divid$ into two great divisions--! great] vehicle & ! less] vehicle4 ,! less] vehicle is kn[n to ! _w z pure ,buddhism2 ! great] vehicle conta9s _m sects1 all ( :i* claim t ! revelation ext5d$ to ,gautama 0 only a p>tial revelation1 & t ! tru? has be5 m fully reveal$ to ^? :o succe$$ him4 ,?is is call$ ,lamaism1 & 9 ,*9a has incorporat$ mu* ( ! idolatry :i* x supplant$ & p]haps "s ( ! ,ne/orian ,*ri/ianity :i* succe$$ x2 9 fact1 ! ,buddhi/ temple 9 ,*9a is no?+ m ?an an idol temple4 ,buddha ( ,gautama is always ! pr9cipal idol2 he is repres5t$ calm & )\t ?\ght or tr\ble2 he sits1 ! embodim5t ( peace & re/2 b ?\gh he may be ! fir/ 9 ! ,buddhi/ temple1 he is f> f be+ alone2 close beh9d him 9 popul> e/imation come two o!r deities1 ,amita & ,kwann94 ,amita1 ,amitobha or ,o-mi-to1 is held by "s to be ! fa!r ( ,kwann91 & is at once a gu>dian ( ! ,we/]n ,p>adise & ! p]sonification ( purity2 to ?is :olly my?ical p]sonage is attribut$ su* virtue t ! m]e repetition ( 8 "n w secure salvation4 ,9 ,japan a sect holds t e ,buddhi/ law c be brok5 ) immunity z long z !re is fai? 9 ,amita4 ,9 ,*9a su* /atem5ts are made z ?is3 to foll[ ! /rict law ( ,buddhism is to climb to heav5 z a fly crawls up ! wall1 b to atta9 ,salvation by repeat+ #aej ! "n ,o-mi-to is l sail+ heav5w>ds 9 a boat ) w9d & tide beh9d1 at ! pace ( a hundr$ li an h\r4 ,!re is a g5]al agreem5t t adh]5ce to ! /rict ,buddhi/ law ( *a/ity1 hone/y1 tru?1 temp]ance1 ab/95ce f ang] & s]5ity ( m9d1 is an ideal :i* is impossible at any rate = ! laity4 ,b ! exact me?od ( escap+ ?is burd5 diff]s 9 v>i\s sects4 ,! mo/ popul> is by a sav+ fai? 9 ,amita4 ,if ! orig9 ( ?is deity c be attribut$ to ! p]sonification ( a _s ( purity1 ! orig9 ( ! next1 ,kwann91 is probably f "s s\rce outside ,buddhism4 ,%e is ! goddess ( m]cy1 b :atev] h] orig91 %e at pres5t repres5ts ! remnants ( ei!r ! ,ne/orian or ! m$ival ,roman tea*+4 ,9 ,pek+ !y h a curi\s image ( h] :i* any "o might mi/ake = a ,madonna1 ! tru? be+ t !re 0 at "o "t an intimate contact betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism1 :5 _m ( ! ext]nals ( ! ,*ri/ian religion & "s ( its doctr9es 7 transplant$4 ,! ,buddhi/ temple ) its alt> 9 ! c5tre looks /rangely l a ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & ! ,buddhi/ monks & nuns1 ) _! ros>ies & _! regul> h\rs = *ant+ & s]vice1 recall ! ,roman ,ca?olic s]vices2 ! picture ( ! ,buddhi/ hell :i* /&s 9 ! great ,mongol temple at ,pek+ rem9ds "o ( a sc5e f ,dante's ,inf]no1 & among ! _m ?+s ! ,buddhi/s borr[ f ,*ri/ian s\rces #aea are ^! two ideas1 embodi$ 9 two idols1 ! goddess ( m]cy :o int]c$es = mank9d1 & ! god ( fai? 9 :om ! wor%ipp] %\ld put all tru/ & confid5ce4 ,besides ^! gods !re are ! god ( w> & ! god ( good-fell[%ip1 probably tak5 f old hea!n s\rces4 ,aga91 !re are hundr$s ( ,buddhas1 or z we %\ld call !m1 sa9ts1 ^: position is some:]e betwe5 human & div9e1 mu* ! same position t ! sa9ts occupy 9 ! m9d ( a ,neapolitan peasant4 ,aft] ,buddhism comes ,taoism4 ,taoism is aga9 a conglom]ate fai?4 ,te*nically x is ! fai? ( ,laotze1 :o 0 an oppon5t & a contempor>y ( ,confucius4 ,he taught a dualism :i* rem9ds ! ,we/]n] ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,mani*ees4 ,aga91 ,we/]n & ,ea/]n ?\ght h be5 confus$2 ,mani*ees are kn[n to h exi/$ 9 ,*9a1 & :e!r ,mani*ism orig9ally came f ! ,ea/ or :e!r subsequ5tly ,*9ese ?\ght has be5 affect$ by ,mani*ism is h>d to decide4 ,at any rate1 ,laotze did n claim t 8 tea*+ 0 orig9al2 he 0 m]ely ! prophet ( an e/abli%$ s*ool ( ?\ght4 ,! great] "p ( ,*9a foll[s 8 rival & despises ,laotze's tea*+1 yet ! dualism t he taught is "p ( ! ess5tial fai? ( ,*9a1 & a "p :i* is mo/ oppos$ to all t is good4 ,he taught t good & evil 7 ess5tially divid$1 7 halves1 z x 71 ( "o :ole4 ,he call$ !m ! ,yang & ! ,y9--t]ms #aeb :i* are 9 no way conf9$ to ! few disciples :o n[ foll[ him4 ,?is division betwe5 good & evil makes up ! my/]y ( ! _w--light & d>kness1 heav5 & e>?1 male & female1 ea* c\ple makes up "o :ole divid$ betwe5 good & evil2 & s ! _w beyond is peopl$ ) good & evil spirits1 ! ,yang & ! ,y94 ,obvi\sly su* a fai? has all ! evil :i* we recognise 9 ,mani*ism1 & its practical disadvantages are v great4 ,= in/ance1 ! inf]ior position ( wom5 is def5d$ z inevitable2 !y are ,y94 ,no m9e mu/ be sunk or cutt+ made = fe> ( ang]+ ! e>? spirits1 = z man is z ess5tially a "p ( ! _w z ! e>?1 ^? e>? spirits w av5ge !mselves ^u him4 ,ev5 su* great m5 & su* good ,confuciani/s z ,8 ,excell5cy ! late ,*ang-,*ih-,tung are n ins5sitive to su* a sup]/ition4 ,! t[n ov] :i* he rul$ 0 divid$ by a /eep gravel hill4 ,a ,we/]n eng9e] recomm5d$ t ?is hill %\ld be cut ?r\gh to facilitate access f "o "p ( ! t[n to ! o!r1 & ! ,vic]oy1 ev] ready to accept new & ,we/]n ideas ( practical advantage1 imm$iately ord]$ ! sugge/ion to be c>ri$ out4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds a l>ge w5 develop$ on 8 neck1 &1 argu+ t an evil _s ( ! e>?1 :o _h orig9ally made ! gravel hill1 0 s ang]$ at ! de/ruction ( x t he det]m9$ to re-make x on ! neck ( ! (f5d]1 ! ,gov]nor _h ! cutt+ fill$ up1 & !re x /&s to ?is v day1 a #aec witness ( ! evil influ5ce t an evil religion c h on ! greate/ m5 ( a nation4 ,taoism has n[ b few adh]5ts1 & yet !re are _m ,taoi/ prie/s1 s9ce ^! prie/s are reg>d$ z p>ticul>ly effici5t 9 deal+ ) ! evil spirits 9 :om ,taoism believes s fully4 ,! ?ird religion is g5]ally call$ ,confucianism1 & ?is may easily lead to a great misund]/&+1 = "u ! t]m ,confucianism two v diff]5t ?+s are includ$4 ,fir/1 a belief 9 ! philosophy ( ,confucius4 ,?is = ! mo/ "p is outside :at we are accu/om$ to call religion1 & we %all h occasion to deal ) x lat] on4 ,secondly1 & m commonly1 ! spiritual beliefs ( ^? :o call !mselves ,confucians1 & :o1 ow+ to 8 sil5ce on religion1 h to f9d o!r au?orities = _! fai?4 ,sometimes !y claim t _! fai? 0 ! same z ! fai? ( ,confucius1 t ! backgr\nd ( 8 philosophy 0 ! religion t !y believe1 b m commonly !y accept x )\t any "q4 ,?is religion is commonly mix$ up bo? ) ,buddhism & ) ,taoism1 b its ess5tial doctr9e is v di/9ct & has great weight 9 ,*9a1 namely1 t ! spirits ( m5 :o are dead live & h influ5ce ov] ! lives ( _! desc5dants4 ,i 0 told by a ,*9ese ,*ri/ian t a religi\s ,*9aman ( ! l[] class nev] goes out )\t burn+ a /ick ( inc5se to ! tablet ( 8 fa!r1 & no "o c g ?r\gh ,*9ese t[ns )\t be+ impress$ by ! numb] ( p :o 9 t #aed poor c\ntry are kept h>d at "w manufactur+ mock money to be burnt = ! use ( p>5ts & ance/ors4 ,! mission>ies f9d t ?is doctr9e is ! h>de/ doctr9e = ,*ri/ianity to assail2 & !re are n a few :o1 despair+ ( success1 sugge/ t ! position mu/ be turn$1 & ance/or wor%ip mu/ be ,*ri/ianis$ & accept$ z an ess5tial "p ( a man's belief4 ,! logical ,we/]n m9d imm$iately wants to "k :at is beh9d ! ance/or2 if an ance/or is to h p[] he c only h x1 says ! logical ,we/]n]1 by be+ 9 contact ) "s high] p[]4 ,"o ( ! greate/ mission>ies t ,*9a possesses answ]s ?is difficulty by say+ t ! ,*9ese m9d is n ! ,we/]n m9d2 t he does n conc]n himself v mu* ) remote speculation2 he has n t it*+ long+ to use ! ^w :y1 :i* is at once ! glory & ! difficulty ( ! ,we/]n m9d1 & !re=e he looks at ! spiritual _w mu* z he looks at ! e>?ly _w2 ! man imm$iately ov] him 9 ! t[n is ! magi/rate1 &1 to use ! ,*9ese phrase1 is ! fa!r & "m ( 8 p1 & s ov] him 9 spiritual ?+s is 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r4 ,beh9d ! magi/rate !re is 9 8 di/ant ?\ght ! prefect--! head ( ! prefecture or ,fu t[n--a be+ :o only comes into 8 village life :5 !re is tr\ble & difficulty2 he comes to puni%1 r>ely to rew>d1 & s beh9d 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r 9 #aee ! spiritual _w are ! great clan lead]s :om he wor%ips at regul> int]vals ) ! re/ ( 8 clan4 ,9 civil gov]nm5t !re are 9 a di/ant backgr\nd a ,vic]oy ) awful p[]s & awful maje/y1 & an ,emp]or ^: v "n is s div9e t he sc>cely likes to use x2 & beh9d ! clan lead]s are _m be+s borr[$ f ,buddhism1 relics ( old idolatry1 muddl$ up ) ,taoism2 & 9 ! dim & di/ant backgr\nd is ! ,supreme ,be+--! ,supreme ,be+ ,:o rew>ds ! j & puni%es ! unju/1 ,:o c 9 no way be deceiv$1 ,:o refuses ! ra9 to ! s9n] & makes ! l& desolate1 ,:o has p[] to de?rone ! e>?ly ,emp]or & to place ,*9a "u a =eign dom9ation4 ,?is great & awful p[] is1 h[ev]1 s f> di/ant t ! av]age ,*9aman ?9ks b little ab\t ,him4 ,! ,temple ( ,heav5 at ,pek+ is ! beautiful %r9e ( ?is ,supreme ,be+4 ,"h once a ye>1 aft] sp5d+ a night fa/+1 ! ,emp]or1 z ! fa!r ( 8 nation1 wor%ips ! great ,god :o made heav5 & e>?4 ,! *ief feature ( ?is wor%ip is t x is p]=m$ 9 ! op5 air on a beautiful m>ble dais4 ,no place 9 ,*9a is q s lovely2 x is ! fitt+ %r9e ( ! beautiful fai? ( ,*9a's mo/ glori\s days1 a fai? :i* ?\gh dormant is n dead4 ,! travell] :o /&s !re %\ld rememb] t ! wor%ip :i* is "h p]=m$ is z old z ! date ( ! patri>*s & n un-ak9 to _! religi\s #aef ideals2 & if !re are "s ?+s :i* are n sympa!tic to ! ,*ri/ian idea1 !y are subord9ate4 ,9 ! ma9 x is ! wor%ip ( ! ,"o ,true ,be+4 ,?is fai? has no "r to be call$ ,confucian4 ,!re is great d\bt ab\t ! fai? ( ,confucius4 ,he is sil5t ab\t religion1 or he ref]s to x only indirectly2 x is no "p ( 8 tea*+2 b 8 indirect ref]5ces to x app>5tly express a belief 9 a ,supreme ,be+ :om he calls ,heav51 a ,supreme ,be+ :o has an influ5ce on human affairs4 ,he also recognises ance/or wor%ip1 b ) su* a dubi\s phrase t _m ,*9ese & ,engli% s*ol>s h d\bt$ 8 mean+4 ,nei!r is ?is ! fai? ( all ! lead+ ,confuciani/s 9 ,*9a1 _m ( :om are pr(ess$ly agno/ics 9 matt]s ( religion1 & foll[ ! tea*+ ( ,*u2 b x is ! fai?1 ! ill-und]/ood fai?1 ( ! great multitude ( ?9k+ & non-?9k+ ,*9am51 & x is look$ ^u z ! ,/ate religion ( ,*9a4 ,its p[] ov] ,*9a is univ]sal & yet insecure4 ,_m ages ago x 0 p>tially defeat$ by ! m logical & m sympa!tic fai? ( ,buddhism4 ,! fight 0 bitt]1 ! p]secutions 7 cruel1 b ,buddhism conqu]$4 ,n[ ,buddhism fails4 ,) its failure a va/ mass ( sup]/ition1 kept alive by ! sacrifice to ! ance/or1 once m rises up & /&s "r 9 ! pa? ( progress--"r 9 ! way ( civilisation4 ,x 0 sup]/ition t mov$ ! ,box]1 & ?is x 0 t lo/ cr$it :5 #aeg ,box]dom fail$4 ,/ory aft] /ory is told ( ! influ5ce ( ?is incoh]5t b vital mass ( religion4 ,! junk w d>t across ! b[s ( y\r /eam]2 !re w be mu* :i/l+1 rev]s+ ( eng9es1 p]emptory comm&s 9 ,engli%1 abuse 9 ,*9ese2 & :5 y inquire :y ! l[dah ( ! junk risk$ 8 c>go1 p]haps 8 life1 & put ! /eam] & its pass5g]s 9 a /ate ( excitem5t1 if n 9 jeop>dy1 ! answ] is t e junk l[dah is afraid ( ! evil _s t is foll[+ him1 & if he crosses ! /eam]'s b[ he expects t ! evil _s1 see+ a m wor?y qu>ry1 w neglect him & foll[ ! /eam]4 ,! head ( ! ,%anghai ,telephone ,company tells h[ he is n uncommonly met by "s sleek well-to-d ,*9aman :o is mo/ di/ress$ because ! %ad[ ( a telephone pole falls ov] 8 door1 s t z he goes out he passes b5ea? x1 & t w br+ bad luck4 ,! h\ses 9 ,*9a /& uncon=mably ) ! road1 because a c]ta9 aspect is lucky2 a crack] is explod$ to fright5 ! evil spirits away1 & s on ?r\gh tales innum]able4 ,! _w ar\nd is full ( evil spirits to ! ,*9aman4 ,e village has ! wit* doctor :o is le>n$ 9 ! ways ( ^! evil spirits4 ,diabolical possession is z pres5t ) !m z ev] x 0 9 ,bible times4 ,y\r h>d-head$ comm]cial man smiles :5 he relates ^! /ories1 incr$ul\s t !re c be any f\ndation = !m2 b ^? :o h dwelt among ! ,*9ese take mu* ! same l9e #aeh ab\t ^! /ories z we d ab\t spiritualism4 ,mu* is folly1 m is fraud2 b beh9d bo? ! folly & ! fraud !re is a my/]i\s reality4 ,! fai? ( ! masses ( ,*9a 9 ! spiritual _w has nev] be5 enc\rag$ by its philosoph]s4 ,x owes its vitality to ! fact t1 z ) u1 s ) !m1 manife/ations ( p[]s beyond ?is _w are real if ill-compreh5d$1 & connect$ too (t5 ) man's evil side4 ,! ,psy*ical ,rese>* ,society w d well to inquire closely into _m ( ^! ph5om5a4 ,no?+ conv9c$ me ( ! reality ( ?is belief m ?an ! l9e t 0 tak5 by "o ( our ,engli% mission>ies4 ,he 0 speak+ ( diabolical possession1 & he relat$ ! same /ory :i* "o has he>d s (t5 t a man sudd5ly spoke z ano!r p]sonality2 & !n he add$1 ,i realis$ t x 0 n he :o 0 speak+ to me1 b ! evil _s )9 him2 & he w5t on1 ,i 0 afraid to speak to him1 because if y speak to ^? :o are possess$ ) an evil _s1 ! evil _s w take possession ( y4 ,x 0 /range to he> su* a te/imony to ! reality ( diabolical possession f an ,engli%man1 b y w he> x f e ,*9aman4 ,^? :o h read ,pa/or ,hsi w rememb] h[ firm 0 8 belief 9 su* possession4 ,aga9/ all ?is mass ( ! evil _w ! ,*9aman has b "o def5ce3 8 fa!r & 8 ance/or belong to t _w & !y w def5d him2 & s ! ance/or cult is intimately connect$ ) ?is #aei belief 9 evil spirits4 ,if ! fa!r does n be/ir himself ! son may come to h>m--9 fact1 ! ma9 "p ( a ,*9aman's religi\s idea c5tres r\nd ance/or wor%ip2 & !re is no su* awful mom5t 9 a ,*ri/ian conv]t's life z :5 he is requir$ to de/roy ! tablet ( 8 ance/ors4 ,a ,confuciani/ _c und]/& ! mission>y position2 to 8 m9d contempt = ! ance/or only means a deep & spiritual scepticism1 an abs5ce ( all fai? 9 ! sup]natural1 a negation ( all s5se ( duty4 ,a mission>y rec\nt$ a /ory illu/rative ( ?is difficulty4 ,he 0 travell+ up-c\ntry 9 ,*9a1 & 8 road lay along ! same way d[n :i* a well-to-d m]*ant 0 travell+1 & z !y j\rney$ on side by side & met e night at ! inns at :i* !y put up1 he notic$ t ! ,*9aman ey$ him askance2 b z ! mission>y spoke ,*9ese well1 & z travell]s h _m little wants :i* ano!r travell] c supply1 x 0 n unnatural t 9 spite ( ! mi/ru/ manife/$ by ! ,*9aman !y %\ld fall gradually into m intimate conv]se4 ,"o night z !y 7 sitt+ at an inn ! ,*9aman said to ! mission>y1 ,d y "k ,i ?\ght y 7 a ,*ri/ian1 b ,i see y are a good fell[4 ,! mission>y assur$ him t he 0 a ,*ri/ian1 & did n d5y t he 0 a good fell[4 ,he felt1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 "s ob/acle 9 ! ,*9aman's m9d t kept !m /ill ap>t1 & z !y j\rney$ on f day to day & _h gr[n m intimate1 ! ,*9aman said1 ,y "k #afj p d tell su* lies t "o _c believe a ^w !y say4 ,! mission>y ass5t$ to ?is g5]al proposition z true ( all ! _w1 b ask$ = a m imm$iate application4 ,! ,*9aman cont9u$3 ,well1 ,i hope y w n be (f5d$ if ,i tell y ! lies !y tell ab\t y--lies t ,i am afraid ,i believ$ till ,i met y & c\ld see :at a good fell[ y are4 ,!y say-- b he broke (f4 ,p>don me1 x is su* a horrible accusation t ,i d n l to repeat x1 ev5 ?\gh ,i "k t x is untrue4 ,! mission>y press$ him to tell :at ?is accusation 01 & ! ,*9aman cont9u$ apologetically1 ,i "k t x is su* a lie t ,i am a%am$ t my p %\ld tell su* lies1 b !y d say t y ,*ri/ians actually tea* m5 to break up ! tablet on :i* _! fa!r's "n is writt52 & ! mission>y realis$ all at once ! dep? ( ! conviction ( ! ,*9aman & ! wide gulf t sep>at$ him f ,*ri/ianity4 ,& s _m & _m a p]son :o kn[s ,*9a be/ confid5tly ass]ts t ,*ri/ianity w nev] become ! religion ( ,*9a till x p]mits & recognises ?is ance/ral wor%ip4 ,b n[ a new factor has ent]$ into ?is problem4 ,we/]n mat]ialism is spread+ its malign influ5ce ov] ,*9a2 ! educat$ classes ( ,japan boldly pr(ess t !y h long s9ce ceas$ to believe 9 any religion1 & !y are call+ ^u ,*9a ) great effect to foll[ _! example1 & s ! position *anges altoge!r4 ,ance/or wor%ip1 #afa ) all its accompany+ sup]/ition1 t5ds to disappe> :]e ,we/]n k is taught4 ,! ,box]s 7 n untrue prophets :5 !y told _! p t !y or ,we/]n civilisation1 z !y knew x1 mu/ leave ,*9a1 & t !y c\ld n co-exi/4 ,! position is surely "o t mu/ excite ! v deepe/ int]e/4 ,x is sc>cely conceivable t a race s deeply conv9c$ ( ! realities ( ! spiritual _w w1 z a :ole1 accept ! belief t !re are no spirits4 ,x is equally inconceivable t ) mod]n ,we/]n education ! p %all believe 9 ! _s t foll[s ! junk1 or 9 ! _s t is ang]$ by a m9+ op]ation4 ,! religi\s s5tim5t ( ,*9a w1 z x 71 be turn$ out ( doors by ,we/]n k4 ,!re w be a t]rible mom5t :51 ) all ! insol5ce ( y\?1 ! "y man refuses to believe 9 ,god or 9 a devil1 & ru%es into e wild an>*ical & sociali/ic s*eme to satisfy 8 crav+ = action4 ,x is a t]rible mom5t1 & "o :i* "o sees rapidly develop+ 9 ,japan & among ! ,we/]nis$ ,*9ese2 b beyond t t]rible p]iod !re dawns a bright] day :5 ,*9a w reass]t its natural s5tim5t & w accept ,*ri/ianity z ! only reasonable religion t is consonant ) mod]n sci5ce & a belief 9 ! spiritual _w4 ,! "q ( policy t ne$s solv+ is :e!r x is wise 9 ! face ( ?is great ,we/]n unbeliev+ movem5t to treat respect = #afb ance/ors too dra/ically4 ,we/]n education mu/ remove its objectionable features & ,*ri/ianity might accept ! modifi$ =m ( ?is belief :i* is n :olly inconsi/5t ) ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection ( ! dead4 #afc ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,confucian ,,philosophy ,,& ,,we/]n ,,culture ,x is n realis$ 9 ! ,we/ h[ mu* ! mod]n movem5t 9 ,japan owes its p[] & vitality to a native movem5t :i* welcom$ *ange4 ,9 ,japan ,buddhism _h fail$1 ! "o s*ool ( ,confucianism :i* believ$ 9 *ange 0 dom9ant1 & !re=e x 0 a comp>atively easy matt] to introduce ! ext5sive *anges ( ,we/]n civilisation4 ,!re 0 no religion ) roots deeply entw9$ 9 ! he>ts ( ! p to oppose su* a *ange4 ,%9toism _h n yet be5 r$iscov]$ & e/abli%$1 & x consi/$ m]ely ( a mass ( sup]/ition1 )\t any lit]ature or organisation4 ,?us x 0 ! comb9ation ( ^! facts1 ) ! ?reat5+ attitude ( ,we/]n p[]s1 :i* made all ! prophecies ( m5 :o knew ! ,ea/ untrue4 ,no "o und]/ood ! vital p[] ( ! movem5t 9 ,japan4 ,if1 ?irty ye>s ago1 "s "o _h writt5 a book to prove t ,japan w\ld "o day defeat ,russia1 p w\ld h laugh$ at ! sugge/ion1 & ! au?ority ( p :o _h liv$ 9 ! ,ea/ all _! lives w\ld h be5 quot$ to prove t an ,ea/]n race c\ld nev] fully accept ,we/]n civilisation4 ,! prophets 7 misl$ by #afd ! prec$5t ( ,india & ,turkey4 ,! ,we/]n civilisation is met !re by religions ^: t5ets are oppos$ to ,we/]n ?\ght1 & z long z ^? religions hold1 ,we/]n views w make b small progress2 b 9 ,japan !re 0 no su* religion1 & 9 ,*9a to-day !re is no su* religion4 ,! ,buddhism ( ,*9a1 l ! ,buddhism ( ,japan1 may satisfy ! crav+s = spiritual religion ( ! un$ucat$ & ! ignorant2 b ! ?9k]s ( bo? races--! /atesm51 ! writ]s1 ! lead]s--are un9flu5c$ by ,buddhism4 ,taoism has contribut$ to ! ?\ght & sup]/ition ( ,*9a1 b is 9 no way n[ an important factor 9 h] developm5t2 ! philosophy ( ,confucius is ! "o vital =ce 9 ! l&4 ,its doctr9es are 9 no way oppos$ to our civilisation2 x tea*es ma9ly t a man mu/ be s9c]e to 8 own high] nature2 x has a pr(\nd belief 9 ! greatness ( human nature1 & a v inadequate explanation1 !re=e1 ( ! failures ( t nature4 ,t man mu/ be s9c]e1 s t ! full beauty ( 8 nature may appe>1 is "o ( its ma9 t5ets1 & t ?is beautiful ?+ mu/ be decorat$ ) k is a natural coroll>y4 ,x und]takes ! re=m ( ! _w1 by conv9c+ ! rul] ( 8 duty1 & ?r\gh him compell+ ! rul$ to tread ! "r pa?1 contra/+ "h v /rongly ) ! religion ( our ,bible1 ?\gh p]haps n ) political ,*ri/ianity4 ,all ?r\gh its tea*+ !re is an und]ly+ sugge/ion t #afe subjects w obey _! rul]s n only outw>dly b also inw>dly 9 _! op9ions & convictions4 ,confucianism does n believe 9 gov]nm5t by ! p1 ( ! p1 = ! p2 b x believes v /rongly 9 gov]nm5t = ! p by ! rul]s4 ,_m ( its maxims might be cut out z texts1 & hung up 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons ) great appropriat5ess4 ,x con/antly pictures a well-ord]$ peaceful /ate1 9 :i* ! dignity ( gov]nm5t is well ma9ta9$1 & :]e ! work+-man %all pr(it by 8 "w ?r\gh ju/ice & peace1 & ! trad] gr[ ri* 9 confid5t security4 ,9 all ?is tea*+ x is n oppos$ to ,we/]n civilisation4 ,confucius advocates ! re=m ( society by ! action ( ! ,/ate4 ,?us ! sanit>y laws1 ! education laws1 ! temp]ance laws ( ! ,we/ are ?or\ghly consi/5t ) ! tea*+ ( ,confucius4 ,:]e t tea*+ diff]s f ! ,we/ is t x disbelieves 9 democracy4 ,yet ,confucianism c>es no?+ = a man's bir?3 all m5 are born equal to ! ,confuciani/ z to ! ,*ri/ian2 & s ,confucianism has1 = _m c5turies1 welcom$ p ( ! l[e/ bir? z ,gov]nors1 if !y c\ld pass ! requisite exam9ations1 &1 hav+ giv5 e opportunity to m5 ( all classes to become (ficials1 x entru/s !m & n ! p ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ano!r way ,confucianism is oppos$ to ,we/]n civilisation4 ,confucianism believes int5sely 9 ! dignity ( gov]nm5t2 _! classics are full #aff ( examples ( p :o1 at ! risk ( _! lives1 defi$ k+s & ma9ta9$ ! dignity ( _! positions2 & ?is doctr9e ( dignity is consequ5tly v deeply +ra9$ 9 ,*9ese ?\ght2 x is 9 reality ! base ( t curi\s doctr9e ( face by :i* a man w d any?+ r ?an confess t he is wrong4 ,a great mission>y rec\nts h[ 8 wond]ful "w at ,ti5ts9 0 once ?reat5$ ) de/ruction because a boy f ! s\? ( ,*9a knock$ a boy f ! nor? (f 8 bicycle1 ) ! result t ! college 0 soon divid$ into two factions on ! "q z to :o %\ld pay = ! injur$ bicycle4 ,! matt] 0 only ) difficulty arrang$ by ! ,presid5t pay+ = ! bicycle & *>g+ x to ! guilty boy2 b ! boy did n m9d pay+--he m9d$ confess+ t he 0 wrong4 ,!re 0 ano!r case 9 ?is same college :]e a boy _h be5 induc$ to confess privately 8 sorr[ t he _h wilfully insult$ a ma/]4 ,he 0 prep>$ to suff] expulsion r ?an confess 8 fault op5ly4 ,he 0 mis]able at ! prospect ( leav+ ! college1 & :5 a great appeal 0 made to 8 bett] feel+s to say t he 0 sorry1 he %ook 8 head sadly4 ,at la/ he 0 ask$1 ,h y nev] all[$ y 7 wrong 9 y\r :ole life8 ,no1 he said1 ) a look ( pride1 nev]4 ,odi\s & dete/able z ?is doctr9e is 9 private life1 ,i ?9k ,i h ! au?ority ( ,/4 ,augu/9e = say+ t x is a maxim ( good gov]nm5t t h[ev] wrong an #afg ord] may be1 a sup]ior %\ld n confess 8 error1 s necess>y is ?is doctr9e ( dignity to gov]nm5t4 ,?us ! ,*9ese expression face has be5 commonly accept$ z a good ,engli% expression :5 speak+ ab\t gov]nm5ts4 ,no d\bt x is ?is s5se ( dignity :i* gives su* au?ority to ! ,*9ese (ficial4 ,9 _m ways x may be an elem5t ( weakness4 ,i 0 surpris$ to le>n t ! (ficials 9 ! ,yam5 _h nev] be5 9 ! %ops ( ! city2 x is b5ea? _! dignity4 ,goods are br\ght to !m & !y buy 9 _! own h\ses4 ,= in/ance we 7 told h[ 9 ,*ang%a two patriotic bas-reliefs 7 put up 9 a %op1 "o ( !m repres5t+ ! ,we/]ns br++ tribute to ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a1 & ! o!r depict+ a ,we/]n woman1 *a9$ & di%evell$1 be+ l$ 9 z a slave4 ,( c\rse our v excell5t & mo/ effici5t repres5tative1 ,consul ,hewlett1 made in/ant repres5tation to ! ,gov]nor & ! objectionable figures 7 remov$2 b ! ,*9ese (ficials claim$ t !y 7 completely ignorant ( :at 0 happ5+ 9 ! %ops ( ! t[n1 because !y nev] w5t !re4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is high e/imation ( dignity makes mu* ( ,we/]n gov]nm5t antipa!tic to a ,*9aman2 he _c sympa?ise ) a civilisation :i* admires gov]nm5t by noisy agitation1 vulg> po/]s1 indec5t j\rnalism4 ,su* an agitation z t 9 fav\r ( wom5's suffrage is inconceivable & disgu/+ beyond words to ! m9d ( #afh a ,*9ese ?9k]2 t wom51 ^: dignity is su* t !y %\ld nev] be tri$ 9 a public c\rt2 t educat$ ladies1 ^: names1 9 ,*9a1 mu/ sc>cely be m5tion$ ow+ to _! exalt$ position1 %\ld wre/le 9 a public cr[d & be arre/$1 is "o ( ^? my/]ies 9 ,we/]n gov]nm5t t ! dignifi$ ,ea/]n m9d c nev] hope to und]/&4 ,confucianism1 consid]$ by itself1 is n unfav\rable to ,we/]n civilisation1 & its great influ5ce 9 ,*9a w no d\bt l>gely accel]ate ! ,we/]nisation ( t va/ empire4 ,= in/ance1 ! policy ( education is "o :i* has be5 foll[$ by ,*9a = _m a long ye>2 all t ! ,*9ese are do+ is to alt] ! object ( t education4 ,x us$ to aim at giv+ m5 a complete k ( ! ,*9ese classics2 n[ x aims at giv+ !m 9 addition a k ( ! ,we/ & ( natural sci5ces2 & s su* an em95t ,confucian s*ol> & su* an ard5t ,cons]vative z ! late ,*ang-,*ih-,tung 0 ! =emo/ advocate = a ,we/]n education4 ,aga9 ! developm5t ( ! ,press on ,we/]n l9es takes place rapidly 9 ,*9a1 :]e newspap]s h long be5 kn[n1 & :i* boa/s ( be+ a c\ntry possess+ ! olde/ newspap] 9 ! _w1 ! ,pek+ ,gazette4 ,translations ( ,we/]n lit]ature issu$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature ,society are read ) avidity by a race t e/eems lit]ature highly1 no matt] ) :at subject x deals1 #afi & :o has no worse an epi!t = "o ( its emp]ors ?an book-burn]4 ,?\gh ,confucianism is n antipa!tic to ,we/]n civilisation z a :ole1 & by its philosophy & lit]ature enc\rages education 9 ,we/]n ideas1 yet ^? ideas w1 ,i fe>1 be fatal to t mighty sy/em ( e?ics t has kept ,*9a toge!r1 & has enabl$ h] to conqu] h] conqu]ors s _m times4 ,! c\ntries t h nev] kn[n ,confucius are succe$+ f> bett] ?an ! c\ntries t h be5 taught by him4 ,! fact t he always claim$ t any race :o foll[$ 8 tea*+ w\ld be prosp]\s1 c\pl$ ) ! fact t ,*9a1 ) h] spl5did res\rces & imm5se population1 is f> poor] & weak] ?an nations :o "k no?+ ( 8 tea*+1 is suffici5t to br+ its own condemnation to ?is philosophy4 ,!re is a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity & ,confucianism 9 ?is respect4 ,*ri/ianity1 by ! example ( its f\nd]1 tea*es t ! _w mu/ be re=m$ ?r\gh ! individual2 & t ! de/ruction ( a ,/ate1 :e!r x be ,j]usalem or ,rome1 is only a pa9ful incid5t 9 ! upw>d advance ( mank9d4 ,if e ,we/]n ,/ate 7 de/roy$1 ! true ,*ri/ian w\ld only pause long] ov] 8 read+ ( ! prophet ,j]emiah2 b :5 ,*9a1 ! home ( ,confucianism1 realises h] p[]lessness 9 ! face ( ! ,we/1 9 sorr[ & regret %e w close ! books ( ,confucius1 z ! books t guid$ ! #agj ,/ate to de/ruction1 ev5 ?\gh t tea*+ 0 pleasant & beautiful4 ,a great ,*9aman realis$ t ?is 0 ! position ( ,japan1 & told me t he did n believe t 9 ,japan any "o really believ$ 9 ,buddhism or 9 ,confucianism or 9 ! new-f\nd ,%9toism2 & t1 z !y _h n yet accept$ ,*ri/ianity1 !y 7 9 a /ate1 odi\s to ! ,we/]n & ,ea/]n alike1 ( be+ )\t moral guidance 9 ?is _w4 ,! position ( ,japan to-day w1 9 all probability1 be1 bo? 9 reg>d to ! con/ructive & de/ructive effects ( ,we/]n civilisation1 ! condition ( ,*9a to-morr[1 unless inde$ ,*ri/ianity c fill ! vacant place 9 ,*9ese ?\ght4 ,nev] be=e has su* an opportunity be5 pres5t$ to ! ,*ri/ian _w z ?is va/ mass ( population includ$ "u ! "n ( ,*9a1 left homeless by ! action ( _w ?\ght4 ,^? millions ( p1 = in/ance1 :o ye>n = a spiritual religion1 & :o h f\nd 9 times pa/ "s com=t 9 ! confus$ & corrupt fai? ( ,*9ese ,buddhism1 are n[ ready ) op5 e>s to li/5 to any "o :o is prep>$ to tea* !m a high] & m spiritual religion4 ,! ,confucian s*ol> :o realises ! debt t ,*9a owes to ! tea*+ ( ! sage1 & yet :o feels t ,we/]n civilisation is sapp+ 8 au?ority & leav+ ,*9a )\t a moral guide1 welcomes readily ! tea*+ ( ! moral philosoph] :o is prep>$ to %[ t ,confucianism is ess5tially #aga "r & has evid5ce ( ,div9e tru? )9 x1 b t x only errs 9 n realis+ t ! complete salvation ( man c only be accompli%$ by ^? :o appeal to 8 spiritual nature z well z to 8 moral s5tim5ts4 ,if ,*ri/ianity conqu]s ,*9a1 "o ( h] fir/ actions w be to re9/ate ,confucius 9 ! position f :i* ,we/]n mat]ialism has de?ron$ him2 b ! task w\ld be inf9itely easi] if ,*ri/ians c\ld take effective action at once4 ,e day t passes makes ! position m difficult4 ,e ,confucian s*ol> :o %uts up 8 books & op5s ! books ( ! mat]iali/ic philosoph] ( ! ,we/1 w prove an additional ob/acle 9 ! way ( ! ,*ri/ianisation ( ,*9a4 ,! great dang] is t ! ,we/1 ignorant ( :at is happ5+ 9 ! ,ea/1 w let ?is opportunity pass & all[ ,we/]n mat]ialism to e/abli% itself z a =ce 9 ,*9a1 z x has e/abli%$ itself z a =ce 9 ,japan4 ,! _w is full ( examples ( lo/ opportunities2 let u hope t ,*9a w n h to be add$ to t sad category4 #agb ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,int]view ,,at ,,nank+ ,! be/ view ( ! religion ( ,*9a is to be obta9$ f ! enlight5$ ,*9ese !mselves1 & _! views w probably be ( int]e/ to our read]s4 ,x %\ld be expla9$ t "o ( ! objects ( our second visit to ,*9a 0 to inquire :e!r ! ,*9ese (ficials w\ld welcome ! f\ndation ( ,univ]sities 9 :i* ,we/]n k c\ld be taught1 & ^: atmosph]e %\ld be ,*ri/ian4 ,:5 ! matt] 0 fir/ discuss$ 9 ,engl& x crept into ! newspap]s1 & ,i imm$iately receiv$ an invitation f ! ,director ( ,*9ese ,/ud5ts 9 ,london to discuss ! subject ) him4 ,i _h two int]views ) him4 ,:at surpris$ me 0 t aga9/ all ! op9ion ( ! av]age ,engli%man :o is conv]sant ) ,*9a he did n reg>d ! ,*ri/ian "* ( ! ,univ]sity z a det]r5t1 b he ask$ "o "q on :i* he app>5tly laid ! v greate/ /ress4 ,he inquir$1 ,if a ,univ]sity is />t$ 9 ,*9a on su* l9es z y propose1 w y gu>antee t ! tea*]s are effici5t8 ,i imm$iately assur$ him t ! le>n$ committees :o 7 consid]+ ! "q at bo? ,univ]sities w\ld1 :atev] #agc else !y did1 nev] all[ any "o to g out z tea*] unless he 0 mo/ fully qualifi$4 ,he !n assur$ me t he _h no d\bt ! s*eme w\ld meet ) v great sympa?y 9 ,*9a1 & t he w\ld give me lett]s ( introduction to v>i\s p :o w\ld give ! v fulle/ in=mation on ! subject4 ,among ^! 0 "o to t mo/ em95t man1 ,tuan-,fang1 ,vic]oy ( ,nank+4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ at ,nank+ ,i pres5t$ my lett] ( introduction ?r\gh ! ,consul1 & ! ,vic]oy mo/ cordially invit$ me to tiff9 at ! ,yam54 ,) fur!r c\rtesy he s5t 8 c>riage to fet* me4 ,we _h a mo/ sumptu\s repa/1 at :i* ab\t tw5ty (ficials 7 pres5t1 & 9 consid]ation ( my be+ a =eign] "s ,european food 0 provid$4 ,!y appe>$ mu* pleas$ :5 ,i assur$ !m t ,i appreciat$ ,*9ese q z mu* z ,european food4 ,we _h a mo/ pleasant lun*eon1 at :i* we discuss$ all mann] ( topics4 ,i 0 ask$ to expla9 exactly ! position ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge1 & :5 ,i m5tion$ t ,ox=d 0 ov] a ?\s& ye>s old1 ,i _h evid5tly e/abli%$ ! reputation ( my ,univ]sity f> above t ( all competitors4 ,! ,vic]oy !n admir$ ! s*ool sy/em ( ,engl&4 ,he said ! s*ools 7 l a =e/1 & he assur$ me t he took ! v greate/ int]e/ 9 education1 & promis$ aft] lun*eon to %[ me "s ( 8 s*ools4 ,i express$ admiration ( ,*9ese le>n+1 & he told me x 0 divid$ into f\r #agd heads--morals1 elegancy ( /yle1 philosophy1 & mann]s4 ,! respect t ,8 ,excell5cy _h = ,confucius did n prev5t him f admir+ o!r philosoph]s1 especially ,mih-,tieh1 ! philosoph] :o taught ! doctr9e ( univ]sal love4 ,?is 0 ! m rem>kable1 because at ,hank[ ! v same po9t _h be5 discuss$ ) "s ,*9ese cl]gy ov] ,sunday supp]1 & !y _h ref]r$ to ?is philosoph]'s works ) consid]able admiration1 & _h decl>$ t 8 doctr9e 0 mu* m consonant ) ,*ri/ianity ?an t ( any o!r ,*9ese philosoph]4 ,8 ,excell5cy !n discuss$ ! dang] ( a mod]n education4 ,he q realis$ ! obvi\s evils t result$ f ra%ly enc\rag+ ,we/]n education )\t an e?ical basis4 ,he said !y _h obs]v$ t ^? :o return$ f ! ,we/ 7 less dutiful to p>5ts ?an ^? :o _h rema9$ 9 ,*9a4 ,!n we _h a long talk z to :e!r x 0 possible to assimilate ! two & to give a man a p]fect =eign & a p]fect ,*9ese education4 ,! difficulty felt 0 t m5 ) a p]fect =eign education 7 too (t5 unable to write ,*9ese ) suffici5t elegance to satisfy ! fa/idi\s ta/e ( ! cultivat$ ,*9ese s*ol>4 ,all ?is conv]sation 0 c>ri$ on at ! d9n]-table1 *iefly ?r\gh int]pret]s1 ) a cr[d ( ,*9ese s]vants1 exclud$ f ! room1 b look+ ?r\gh a w9d[ to wat* :5 our ne$s requir$ _! pres5ce4 #age ,we discuss$ aft] tiff9 ! s*eme = a ,univ]sity & ! relations betwe5 ,confucianism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,8 ,excell5cy 0 mu* pleas$ t ,i %\ld take su* int]e/ 9 ?+s ,*9ese1 & imm$iately said t z ,i _h come all ! way to ,*9a to inquire into ^! ?+s1 ,i ought to receive e in=mation4 ,turn+ to 8 secret>ies1 he told !m t on ! next day !y 7 to provide s*ol>s le>n$ 9 ,confucianism1 ,buddhism1 & ,taoism to give me all ! in=mation t ,i requir$1 & arrang$ t ! ,consul & ,i %\ld return next day4 ,he !n sugge/$ t we %\ld g & inspect ! s*ool t 0 next 8 palace1 & 9 :i* 8 own daught] 0 be+ educat$4 ,! s*ool 0 = *ildr5 ( ! highe/ class1 & conta9$ only ab\t ?irty boys & ?irty girls4 ,he conduct$ a sort ( in=mal exam9ation :i* ,i %\ld h ?\ght mu/ h be5 extremely try+ = ! *ildr54 ,8 ,excell5cy & myself came fir/1 !n two int]pret]s1 & !n ab\t tw5ty (ficials4 ,:5 ! s*ol>s 7 exam9$ 9 ,we/]n k1 we 7 ask$ to put a "q or to look at a copy-book2 :5 !y 7 exam9$ 9 ,confucian k1 ,8 ,excell5cy put ! "q1 & ! int]pret]s translat$ to me bo? ! "q & ! answ]4 ,! intellig5ce ( ! *ildr5 0 ( a v high ord]1 & !y 7 v attractive4 ,! uni=m ( ! boys resembl$ t ( a ,fr5* s*oolboy1 ?\gh ! cut ( ! tr\s]s %[$ t ! #agf co/ume _h be5 made by a ,*9ese tailor1 probably aft] a ,japanese model4 ,! girls 7 dress$ 9 grey coats & tr\s]s & _h natural feet2 ?is 0 p]haps n q s rem>kable z x at fir/ appe>$ :5 "o rememb]s t ! ,vic]oy is a ,man*u1 & ! ,man*us h nev] admir$ ! di/ort$ foot ( a ,*9ese woman2 b z !y w5t ?r\gh _! musical drill "o c\ld n help ?9k+ t ! neat coat button$ across & rea*+ to ! knees ov] loose tr\s]s 0 ab\t z ideal a dress z has ev] be5 inv5t$ = wom54 ,8 ,excell5cy did n fail to make 8 own daught] /& up1 & ask$ h] _m difficult que/ions1 :i* %e answ]$ v well 9 a calm & collect$ mann]4 ,aft] %[+ u ^! s*ools ,8 ,excell5cy said t we mu/ /op a ?ird day & see _m ( ! o!r s*ools 9 ,nank+4 ,next morn+ ,i 0 mo/ di/ress$ to f9d t my fri5d ,mr4 ,k+1 ,8 ,maje/y's ,consul1 0 too unwell to att5d ! int]view :i* ,i 0 to h ) ! le>n$ m5 ( ,nank+1 & s ) "s trepidation le/ ,i %\ld make sad faults 9 my mann]s )\t 8 k9dly guidance1 ,i drove up to ! ,yam54 ,!re ,i 0 receiv$ by a cr[d ( (ficials1 among :om 7 two great ,confucian s*ol>s ) ! ,hanl9 ,degree1 an au?ority on ,buddhism & an au?ority on ,taoism1 ^: k subsequ5tly prov$ to be extremely small4 ,! c\rtesy ( ! ,*9ese (ficials1 ! *>m ( _! mann]1 ! mixture ( dignity & good nature #agg :i* is su* a *>act]i/ic ( _! behavi\r1 makes controv]sy ) !m delightful4 ,i d n ?9k any "o :o has kn[n !m c be b greatly attract$ by _! c\rtesy & k9dness4 ,all ,*9ese are c\rte\s1 b ! ,*9ese lit]ati1 p]haps naturally1 greatly excel _! fell[-c\ntrym5 9 ?is *>m+ *>act]i/ic4 ,i %\ld add t ! two int]pret]s :o 7 provid$ 7 m5 ^: ma/]y ( ,engli% 0 only equall$ by _! wide le>n+ & pleasant address4 ,"o ( !m _h be5 9 ,engl& & 0 inde$ a great travell]2 he _h ridd5 all ?r\gh ! passes :i* sep>ate ,india f ,*9ese ,turke/an2 he belong$ to a v great family1 & trac$ 8 desc5t f "o ( ! lead+ pupils ( ,confucius4 ,we discuss$ ,confucianism fir/4 ,i set ! ball roll+ by ask+ :at 0 meant by ! phrase sup]ior man4 ,! position 0 a pleasant "o2 ,i 0 !re to be in/ruct$1 & c\ld !re=e ask z _m que/ions z ,i *ose4 ,! sup]ior man is a translation ( a phrase 9 ! ,*9ese classics :i* p]haps might be bett] translat$ ideal man2 at lea/ s ,i ga!r$ f ^! g5tlem52 & t 9 ! works ( ,confucius & ,m5cius 8 qualities are fully describ$4 ,) great joy ! :ole p>ty fell ^u ! "q1 & next m9ute !y 7 engag$ 9 a c\rte\s polemic z to h[ exactly !y %\ld describe ! sup]ior man1 & ! answ] came t he mu/ be a consci5ti\s man1 a man v true to himself1 *>itable1 j & #agh tru?ful4 ,:5 !y 7 press$ z to :e!r weal? 0 at all necess>y to ! ideal man1 !y indignantly repudiat$ ! sugge/ion2 ! sup]ior man might equally be a begg> sitt+ by ! roadside or a ,vic]oy sitt+ 9 8 palace4 ,x 0 m int]e/+ :5 !y 7 ask$ :e!r he ne$ be a le>n$ man4 ,!re 0 "s d\bt & hesitation 9 ! answ]s2 ! doctors aga9 consult$ ) "o ano!r1 & ! answ] came1 ,no1 le>n+ 0 n at all necess>y4 ,i ask$ :e!r ! ideal man might be a non-,*9aman1 & x 0 held t he might belong to any race4 ,b ! next "q 0 f> m difficult = !m to answ]4 ,no?+ t !y _h said prev5t$ ! sup]ior man be+ a ,*ri/ian2 a ,*ri/ian might be true & consci5ti\s & *>itable4 ,i quot$ ! case ( a =eign doctor liv+ 9 _! city1 & ask$ h[ he fail$ to come )9 _! def9ition ( ! sup]ior man1 b ! ,hanl9 s*ol>s c\ld n agree2 no ,*ri/ian1 9 _! op9ion1 c\ld be a sup]ior man4 ,b my int]pret] add$ t he himself did n endorse ?is2 to 8 m9d any man :o fulfill$ ! requirem5ts %\ld be class$ z a sup]ior man4 ,we !n *ang$ ! conv]sation to ! "q ( :e!r ,confucius believ$ 9 ,god or n8 ,i _h be5 in/ruct$ 9 ?is controv]sy by "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ mission>ies 9 ,*9a1 ,dr4 ,ross ( ,mukd54 ,!y ma9ta9$1 z he told me !y w\ld ma9ta91 t ! ,heav5 ( ,confucius meant ,reason4 #agi ,b ,reason _c possibly puni% ! guilty1 ?\gh ! guilty might be puni%$ by _! want ( ,reason4 ,& z ,confucius ref]s 9 sev]al places to ,heav5 z a p[] t puni%es1 ! def9ition is obvi\sly incorrect4 ,x dates f a philosoph] call$ ,*u4 ,aga9 ! le>n$ m5 7 absorb$ 9 controv]sy1 e "o enjoy+ su* a discussion4 ,! greate/ numb] /ill held to ! doctr9e t ,heav5 meant ,reason1 b a c]ta9 numb] held t x meant a p]sonal ,god4 ,x end$ 9 ! controv]sy becom+ q heat$1 & 9 a copy ( ,dr4 ,legge's translation ( ! ,*9ese classics be+ fet*$1 s t ,i might fully und]/& _! diff]5t po9ts ( view4 ,9 ! end we agre$ t !re 0 a consid]able =ce 9 ! argum5t t ,confucius believ$ 9 a p]sonal ,god4 ,:5 ,i fur!r ask$ h[ ,reason c\ld possibly puni% a bad man :5 he 0 dead1 & h[ x 0 t _m a bad man1 z we all "k1 di$ 9 weal? & prosp]ity1 !y answ]$ t aft] dea? 8 memory 0 puni%$ by 8 bad de$s com+ to light4 ,i sugge/$ t if a man 0 dead ?is did n matt] to him1 & t ,confucius' ass]tion t puni%m5t foll[$ s9 impli$ a future life4 ,:5 !y 7 fur!r ask$ :e!r ,confucius taught t all secret s9 %\ld "o day be made public1 !re 0 an eloqu5t sil5ce1 & we dropp$ ! subject4 ,we !n w5t on to discuss ,buddhism1 & a pleasant old g5tleman lean+ on a /ick 0 #ahj br\ght up to in/ruct me 9 ! doctr9e ( ,buddhism4 ,x 0 obvi\s f ! jocose & pleasant way ! matt] 0 treat$1 t ?is 0 v diff]5t gr\nd to ! philosophy ( ,confucius4 ,!n1 ?\gh ev]ybody 0 c\rte\s1 ev]ybody 0 ke5ly & s]i\sly int]e/$1 b ,buddhism 0 reg>d$ z a mo/ amus+ topic2 ,i 0 assur$ t only a few wom5 believ$ 9 x1 & t none ( ^? 9 ! room gave x ! slighte/ cr$5ce4 ,!y expla9$ to me :y ! ,dalai ,lama came to ,pek+4 ,two ( ! disciples ( ,buddha _h be5 re9c>nat$1 & ! greate/ ( ^? two 0 ! ,dalai ,lama1 b x 0 impossible to tell 9 :i* baby ! re9c>nation took place )\t com+ to ! ,mongol ,temple at ,pek+2 !n lots 7 ca/ & ! matt] 0 settl$4 ,i _h my d\bts :e!r ! old g5tleman 0 accurate1 b cle>ly no "o else 9 ! room _h ! smalle/ acqua9tance ) ! subject2 !y made a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,buddhism ( ! ,lama ,temple at ,pek+ & t ( ! ,mona/]y at ,hang*[1 :i* !y call$ ,indian ,buddhism1 & said ! di/rict 0 (t5 nam$ ,little ,india2 b :5 ,i tri$ to discov] h[ _m sects ( ,buddhi/s !re 7 9 ,*9a1 or :at 0 ! nature ( _! t5ets1 ,i c\ld get no in=mation f ^! g5tlem54 ,8 ,excell5cy ,tuan-,fang jo9$ u at ?is mom5t & ask$ :e!r ,i c\ld possibly read a ,sanscrit manuscript t he _h discov]$1 & #aha :i*1 f ! ,*9ese notes app5d$ to x1 he ga!r$ ref]r$ to ,buddhism4 ,he also wi%$ to discuss ! orig9 ( ,*9ese *>act]s2 he _h a !ory t !y came f ,egypt1 & he %[$ _m rubb+s ( hi]oglyphics :i* he _h _h made f monum5ts 9 ,egypt to prove 8 po9t4 ,b ,i want$ to ask "s que/ions ab\t ,taoism4 ,i _h tri$ to und]/& ,taoism & _h f\nd x extremely difficult1 & ,i ?\ght ^! cultur$ lit]ati c\ld give me "s assi/ance4 ,i 0 soon undeceiv$4 ,nobody believ$ 9 ,taoism1 & !y knew no?+ ( its doctr9e or ( its wor%ip4 ,!y sugge/$ t ! ,taoi/ prie/s 7 (t5 to be f\nd 9 a ,buddhi/ temple1 b "o s*ol> said t t 0 only because ! ,taoi/ prie/ lik$ to make a little money by sell+ inc5se /icks4 ,!n ,8 ,excell5cy turn$ ! tables & began ask+ que/ions ab\t ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ?+ t tr\bl$ him 0 t ! ,bible :i* he _h read 0 9 su* poor /yle4 ,he want$ to "k :e!r ,i ?\ght our ,bless$ ,savi\r habitually wrote 9 good /yle or n4 ,i expla9$ t ,he _h orig9ally spok5 9 ,aramaic1 :i* _h be5 translat$ into ,greek1 & f ! ,greek into ,engli%1 & !n _h be5 retranslat$ by ,engli%m5 into ,*9ese1 s naturally ! ,*9ese v]sion c\ld b inadequately repres5t ! full beauty ( ,8 words4 ,x is wor?y ( notice h[ mu* ! ,*9ese m9d is attract$ by all purely lit]>y subjects1 & h[ #ahb little !y c>e ab\t physical sci5ce4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ! ,vic]oy ask$ me ab\t ! sun /&+ /ill 9 ! ,book ( ,jo%ua1 :i* l$ u into natural sci5ce1 x 0 imm$iately obvi\s t ?is 0 a subject 9 :i* ^! g5tlem5 took no int]e/4 ,we !n repair$ to a sumptu\s lun*eon prep>$ entirely 9 ,*9ese fa%ion4 ,! vi&s 7 exquisitely cook$1 & compris$ bird's-ne/ s\p1 %>k's f9s1 :ite fungus1 & all ! usual ,*9ese delicacies4 ,! hospitality ( my ho/ made me regret t ! capacity ( a human body is limit$1 & if x 7 n = ! excell5cy ( ! ,*9ese cook+1 dyspepsia mu/ h be5 ! result4 ,ov] lun*eon we discuss$ all mann] ( topics1 & ,i notic$ h[ extremely s5sitive my ho/s 7 to ! slighte/ want ( mann]s4 ,!y ref]r$ to a mutual fri5d1 a ,european1 9 ! sev]e/ t]ms because he lack$ 9 c\rtesy4 ,!y discuss$ also ! "q ( foot-b9d+4 ,!y 7 conv9c$ t ! habit is be+ giv5 up1 & !y assur$ me t x did cause girls excruciat+ agony4 ,!y said ! y\ng] g5]ation ( ,*9ese g5tlem5 w\ld n m>ry wom5 ) de=m$ feet4 ,i left ! ,yam5 a great admir] ( ! culture t c\ld make m5 s pleasant4 ,if !y lack$ directness z controv]siali/s1 !y 7 mo/ agreeable 9 _! extreme civility & _! imp]turbable good hum\r4 ,i %all always look back to my days at ,nank+ z "s ( ! pleasante/ ( my life4 #ahc ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,roman ,,ca?olic ,,missions ,,9 ,,*9a ,x is only j to put 9 ! =efront ( ! influ5ces t are ,*ri/ianis+ & *ang+ ,*9a ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & o!r missions ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,communion4 ,our fir/ contact ) ! wond]ful "w :i* ^! missions are accompli%+ 0 9 ,fr5* ,*9a1 at t v int]e/+ b mo/ pe/il5tial locality1 ,saigon4 ,we 7 receiv$ ) ! greate/ k9dness by ! ,s\s-,g\v]neur at ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t ,h\se1 a palatial resid5ce wor?y r ( an emp]or ?an a gov]nor1 comp>$ to :i* ,gov]nm5t ,h\se at ,hong-,kong seem$ b a cottage4 ,yet ev5 !re life 0 h>dly be>able ev5 "u an electric fan4 ,! heat 0 /ifl+4 ,x _h be5 impossible to drive out except 9 ! middle ( ! night1 & s we 7 ent]ta9$ by be+ tak5 by night to see our fir/ glimpse ( ,*9ese civilisation1 = ! ,*9ese once dom9at$ ?is c\ntry1 & h left _! civilisation beh9d !m4 ,driv+ back1 our ,fr5* ho/ regal$ u ) /ories ( ! p1 & incid5tally m5tion$ ! great p[] :i* ,*ri/ianity has 9 ^! colonies4 ,we 7 mu* impress$ by 8 #ahd te/imony to ! effici5cy ( mission "w1 = ! ,fr5* (ficial is f> f fav\rable to ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,he told u n only 0 a l>ge "p ( ! c\ntry r\nd ,saigon ,*ri/ian1 b ,*ri/ianity 0 su* a vital ?+ t ! ,*ur* _h no difficulty 9 gett+ suffici5t money to build spl5did *ur*es4 ,next day ,i call$ on ! ,bi%op4 ,he 0 a spl5did type ( ,roman ,ca?olic mission>y1 ) 8 :ite be>d & 8 c\rtly mann]s4 ,we f\nd sev]al su* 9 our w&]+s1 = ,ca?olic missions are spread all ov] ,*9a1 & h be5 f\nd$ _m ye>s4 ,he spoke ( ! great success ( ! "w1 & ?\ght t ! ho/ility ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t 0 9 "s ways pref]able to _! patronage1 = ! p]sonal lives ( _m ( ! (ficials are f> f admirable4 ,_! morality w\ld bett] befit our ,re/oration ,p]iod ?an ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,a ,gov]nor's mi/ress 0 a p]son recognis$ & c\rt$ by (ficial society1 & x 0 p]haps to ! advantage ( ! mission t 9 ! native m9d ,*ri/ianity 0 dissociat$ f su* evil do+s4 ,i ask$ him h[ he support$ ! climate1 :i* we _h f\nd b>ely endurable = two days4 ,he repli$ t ! climate 0 q cool to ! mission>y :o liv$ a *a/e & temp]ate life1 b t ! ,gov]nm5t f\nd x t]rible = _! (ficials4 ,?is may be q true1 b /ill ,i ?9k *a/e & temp]ate ,engli%m5 w\ld f9d ! climate ( ,saigon intol]able4 ,we d n make #ahe suffici5t all[ance 9 speak+ ( a heal?y or unheal?y climate = ! orig9 ( ! mission>y4 ,if he comes f ,m>seilles 9 ! ,s\? ( ,france1 x is n p]haps wond]ful t he %\ld f9d ! c\ntries :i* are n hott] ?an 8 native l& 9 ! summ] q tol]able4 ,! hi/ory ( ,ca?olic missions is app>5tly to be divid$ into ?ree p]iods4 ,! fir/ p]iod t]m9ates 9 #agdb & comm5ces ) ! fir/ mission ( ! ,jesuits "u ,fa!r ,ricci 9 #aehd4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,roman ,ca?olic missions1 direct$ by a s]ies ( m5 ( extreme ability1 endeav\r$ & ne>ly succe$$ 9 conv]t+ ,*9a f ! top d[nw>ds1 =1 ow+ to _! wond]ful sci5tific atta9m5ts1 ! mission>ies receiv$ important po/s "u ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t4 ,! fall ( ! ,m+ dyna/y & ! conque/ ( ,*9a by ! ,man*us only s]v$ to improve _! position2 !y direct$ n only ! ,gov]nm5t a/ronomical obs]vatory1 b !y ev5 sup]9t5d$ ! ars5al & became ! c>tograph]s ( ! empire4 ,!y _h _m adh]5ts *iefly among ! le>n$4 ,*ri/ianity1 l ,confucianism1 _h comm5d$ itself to ! intellect ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 pursuit ( ?is policy !y endeav\r$ to h>monise ,*ri/ianity ) ! ?\ght ( ! lit]ati ( ,*9a2 su* a process 0 no d\bt extremely dang]\s1 b !y ?\ght t x 0 possible to tol]ate ance/or wor%ip & ! adoration ( ,confucius2 :e!r !y 7 "r or #ahf :e!r !y 7 wrong1 :ile !y did x ,*ri/ianity _h _m educat$ adh]5ts4 ,ano!r k9d ( mission>y next appe>$ 9 ,*9a1 ! ,dom9icans1 :o made up 9 fanaticism = :at !y lack$ 9 wisdom4 ,^! m5 (f5d$ e prejudice ( ! ,*9ese2 !y taught ! h>%e/ & n>r[e/ =m ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic doctr9e4 ,! foot 0 to be made to fit ! %oe1 & n ! %oe to fit ! foot4 ,!re 7 riots & tr\bles1 & ! ,dom9icans blam$ ! highly plac$ ,jesuits & freely accus$ !m ( hav+ d5i$ ! fai? & ( hav+ accept$ high (fice z ! rew>d = unfai?fulness4 ,appeals 7 made to ,rome4 ,rome1 _m ?\s&s ( miles away1 wav]$1 unable probably to und]/& ei!r ! controv]sy or its importance4 ,! h]oism ( mission>ies travell+ ov] miles ( sea & be+ %ipwreck$ 9 _! endeav\rs to rea* ,rome reads l a romance4 ,b 9 #agdb ! matt] 0 f9ally settl$ by ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 9 a ,bull ,ex quo s+ul>i1 & ! ,jesuits 7 defeat$--a defeat :i* 0 complet$ by _! suppression 9 ,*9a 9 #aggc4 ,) _! defeat ! ,roman missions ent]$ on ! second p]iod ( _! hi/ory4 ,!y 7 no long] direct$ by v able m51 & !y became r ! ,*ur* ( ! poor ?an ( ! ri*4 ,!y exp]i5c$ con/ant p]secution1 &1 to ga9 weight & position1 !y f9ally accept$ ! ,fr5*1 :o 7 !n 9 ! z5i? ( _! p[]1 z _! #ahg patrons4 ,su* a c\rse necess>ily involv$ t !y mu/ d all !y c\ld to fur!r ! ,fr5* int]e/s1 & ! ,roman ,ca?olic missions became m & m an adjunct ( ,fr5* diplomacy1 def5d$ by ,france & on _! side advanc+ ! int]e/s ( ! ,fr5*4 ,x is impossible to say exactly :5 ?is policy began4 ,l\is ,,xiv4 _h s5t l>ge gifts to ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a1 b he does n seem to h _h any int5tions beyond giv+ c\nt5ance & weight to ! ,roman ,ca?olic missions4 ,"s "o po9t$ out to ,napoleon ,i4 ! great value ( ,*9a1 & ! man ( great ideas1 always dream+ ( t ,empire 9 ! ,ea/ :i* he 0 nev] to f\nd1 cle>ly ?\ght !re 0 some?+ to be made ( ?is4 ,he help$ ! mission>y societies ) funds--x is curi\s to ?9k ( ,napoleon ,i4 z ! support] ( =eign missions4 ,?is act came1 l mo/ o!r ,fr5* secrets ( ! "t1 to ! e>s ( ,pitt2 & he manag$ t ! in=mation %\ld rea* ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a1 & s5t ?r\gh a safe *annel advice t ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a %\ld look ^u ! ,roman missions z dang]\s & ,france z a wick$ p[]4 ,:e!r ?is advice w\ld h be5 tak5 to he>t or n is d\btful4 ,roman missions 7 unpopul> 9 ,*9a2 /ill !y _h p[]ful fri5ds2 b ! discov]y ( "o ( _! mission>ies ) maps ( ,*9a int5d$ = ! use ( =eign c\ntries conv9c$ h] ( ! tru? ( ! ,engli% sugge/ion1 & ,roman missions 7 put #ahh d[n at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ) a rel5tless h&4 ,9 #ahdj !re broke out ! fir/ =eign w> betwe5 ,*9a & ! ,we/1 & aft] ?is ,ca?olic missions became m & m an appanage ( ,fr5* policy4 ,:e!r ! ,fr5* _h di/antly int5d$ ! conque/ ( ,*9a1 or :e!r !y m]ely look$ ^u ,*9a z an outlet = h] trade1 !y us$ ! ,ca?olic missions z a means :]eby ,fr5* int]e/s %\ld be pu%$4 ,c]ta9ly ! au?or ( ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques ,franaises does n hesitate to sugge/ t ,france 0 rew>d$ = ! protection ( missions by an increas$ trade4 ,9 #ahdb1 z ! result ( a w>1 a treaty 0 sign$ to :i* we h be=e ref]r$1 & 9 #ahfj x 0 foll[$ by ano!r4 ,bo? gave mission>ies ext5sive rights4 ,c y wond] t ! peace-lov+ ,*9aman1 look+ back on hi/ory1 f9ds x difficult to und]/& :y ! prea*]s ( ! gospel ( love %\ld h be5 s (t5 foll[$ by ! armies & fleets ( ! milit>y races ( ! ,we/8 ,! cop+ /one to ?is policy ( propagat+ ,*ri/ianity by ! p[] & influ5ce ( a =eign nation 0 plac$ by an edict :i* j prec$$ ! ,box] movem5t4 ,t edict a/oni%$ ev5 ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 = ! au?or ( ,les ,missions ,ca?oliques ,franaises au ,,xix4 ,sicle speaks ( ! extraord9>y surprise x 0 to ! ,roman ,ca?olic body4 ,?is edict orda9$ t bi%ops & prie/s %\ld h (ficial rank 9 ,*9a2 t ! bi%ops #ahi %\ld be equal 9 rank to vic]oys & gov]nors1 & ! vic>s-g5]al & ! ar*-prie/s %\ld be equal to treasur]s & judges1 :ile ! o!r prie/s %\ld be equal to prefects ( ! fir/ & second class2 & t if any "q ( importance arose 9 connection ) ! missions1 ! bi%op or mission>ies %\ld call 9 ! int]v5tion ( ! ,m9i/] or ,consul to :om ! ,pope _h confid$ ! protection ( ! ,ca?olics4 ,! edict closes ) ?ree injunctions4 ,fir/1 t ! p 9 g5]al 7 to live at peace ) ! ,ca?olics2 secondly1 t ! bi%ops %\ld in/ruct ! ,ca?olics to live at peace ) ! re/ ( ! _w2 & la/ly1 t ! judges %\ld judge fairly betwe5 ,ca?olics & non-,ca?olics4 ,?is edict c p]haps be reg>d$ r z a victory ( ,fr5* diplomacy ?an ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,fr5* diplomacy _h conv]t$ ! :ole ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic "w into an ag5cy = ! national aggr&isem5t ( ,france2 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* _h sold h]self to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t2 h] old traditional policy ( employ+ ! p[]s ( ?is _w to propagate ,*ri/ianity _h involv$ h] 9 ?is position2 & %e _h pres5t$ ,*ri/ianity to h] conv]ts z some?+ :i*1 h[ev] great its spiritual ga91 _h also v real temporal advantages4 ,! ,*ur* 0 a great society :i* w\ld def5d y 9 ?is _w j z x w\ld give y promises ( security 9 ! _w to come4 ,s %e _h in/itut$ a regul> sy/em by :i* h] adh]5ts 7 def5d$ 9 any lawsuit or attack4 #aij ,?is int]f]5ce 9 lawsuits 01 h[ev]1 n peculi> to ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,x is an old ,*9ese cu/om--a cu/om 9 :i* bo? ,romans & o!r d5om9ations h acquiesc$2 /ill x 0 exagg]at$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* till x br\ght d[n ^u h] ! ang] ( ! ,*9ese (ficial _w4 ,x is h>d = a ,we/]n]1 ) 8 ideas ( an indep5d5t c\rt ( ju/ice1 to compreh5d ! sy/em4 ,a lawsuit is n reg>d$ 9 ,*9a z a ?+ to be settl$ simply on its m]its4 ,!y are only a factor 9 ! decision4 ,! g5]al desire is t1 if all ?+s are equal1 ju/ice %all be done2 b toge!r ) ju/ice ! judge has to consid] ! social position ( ! litigants & _! p[] ( v5geance or ( rew>d4 ,! be/ analogy to a ,*9ese lawsuit is an ,engli% election4 ,if y read ! spee*es & addresses y w conceive t ! :ole desire ( a c&idate engag$ 9 an ,engli% election is t ju/ice %\ld be done1 b 9 practice y soon discov] t ! influ5ce ( individuals has to be consid]$ z well4 ,a c&idate :o always disreg>ds ju/ice is univ]sally condemn$2 b a c&idate :o wilfully (f5ds p[]ful p1 :o is n prep>$ to give & take1 to sacrifice a conviction "h1 to pu% =w>d a little beyond ! l9e ( ju/ice !re1 is equally unable to ga9 ! suffrages ( ! vot]s2 & 9 ,*9a ! judge /&s 9 ! same position z ! c&idate does 9 ,engl&4 ,if he is conv9c$ t a c]ta9 #aia cause is back$ by v p[]ful p :o c secure him a bett] appo9tm5t & a high] sal>y1 or :o if ang]$ might ev5 succe$ 9 gett+ him dismiss$ f 8 po/1 he decides ! case 9 t litigant's fav\r4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! p>ties are ab\t equally mat*$ 9 influ5ce & p[]1 l ! ,engli% c&idate he !n consid]s ! ju/ice ( ! case2 & !re=e ! fir/ ?+ a litigant does is to try & secure all ! influ5tial support )9 8 rea*4 ,*9ese (ficials told me t !y h to h _! c>ds pr9t$ ) = visit+ purposes only writt5 on !m1 o!rwise !y are /ol5 & us$ )\t _! k 9 ! fur!rance ( "s lawsuit1 & ,engli% ,prote/ant mission>ies confirm$ ! /ory4 ,?\gh ?is int]f]5ce 9 lawsuits is a univ]sal cu/om1 its extreme use is peculi> to ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,to attack a ,roman ,ca?olic 0 to br+ ! :ole /r5g? ( 8 mission1 ) ! diplomacy ( ,france beh9d x1 aga9/ y4 ,x 0 9 fur!rance ( ?is policy t ! ,roman ,ca?olics 7 anxi\s to hold (ficial rank4 ,an (ficial w n speak to any "o bel[ 8 rank2 ! mission>y f9ds access to ! ,vic]oys v difficult2 b if ! ,roman ,hi]>*y _h ?is high (ficial rank1 ! ,bi%op _h only to pay a visit 9 8 gre5 (ficial *air1 :51 by ! /rict etiquette ( ,*9a1 he mu/ be receiv$ ) all polit5ess1 & 8 visit mu/ be return$4 ,to procure ^! privileges ! ,roman ,ca?olics 7 prep>$ to sell to ,france ! l>ge #aib & und\bt$ influ5ce !y _h among _m ?\s&s 9 ,*9a4 ,!re is a c]ta9 poetic ju/ice 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* suff]+ f ! actions ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t at home4 ,/ill ju/ice compels u to rememb] t !y h n be5 alone 9 ?is policy4 ,mission>ies ( o!r fai?s & o!r l&s h bo? reli$ on ! def5ce ( =eign p[]s & h int]f]$ ) ! lawsuits ( _! conv]ts4 ,a ,prote/ant mission>y f ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,am]ica frankly def5d$ ! sy/em4 ,he boldly ass]t$ t non-int]f]5ce 9 a lawsuit w\ld be simply misund]/ood by ! ,*9ese4 ,:5 he 0 "y he _h absolutely refus$ to int]f]e 9 a case :]e a wid[ 0 be+ oppress$1 & a non-,*ri/ian ,*9ese g5tleman _h int]view$ him1 & aft] "s circumlocution1 _h remon/rat$ ) him on 8 h>dness ( he>t1 t he1 a tea*] ( ! religion ( love1 %\ld neglect ! wid[ 9 h] necessity4 ,/ill1 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 z 9 ,irel&1 z 9 ,france1 z 9 ,italy1 is an in/itution :i* is ess5tially political2 & ! traditional policy ( ! ,roman ,*ur* has be5 foll[$ 9 ,*9a ) ! inv>iable result1 fir/1 t :5 ! p[] ( ! ,/ate is us$ to promote h] t5ets %e gr[s /rong1 & next :5 t p[] is )drawn or becomes ho/ile %e feels ! loss ( ! e>?ly support on :i* %e has reli$ & app>5tly gr[s weak]4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 only transitory2 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 = in/ance1 is gr[+ /rong]1 n weak]1 n[ #aic t %e has lo/ ! support ( ,fr5* diplomacy1 & ! missions h ent]$ ^u _! ?ird epo* :5 !y are prea*+ ,*ri/ianity )\t any special support ( a =eign gov]nm5t & are succe$+4 ,= !re are few bodies ( p 9 ?is _w :o are m h]oic & devot$ ?an ! ,roman mission>ies2 !y h di$ by fev]1 h be5 massacr$1 !y live on a mis]able pittance2 ,i 0 told t "o enlight5$ mission>y1 once a ,pr(essor 9 ,p>is ,univ]sity1 liv$ on #ab a ye>2 & _! h]oism & self-d5ial reaps a l>ge rew>d4 ,_! mo/ beautiful & mo/ successful works are ! orphanages :i* !y ma9ta94 ,!y accept any ( ^? *ildr5 :om ! ,*9ese mo!rs ca/ out to die1 ei!r because ( _! pov]ty or because !y are girls4 ,^! *ildr5 are br\ght up ) inf9ite c>e & k9dness1 & are taught embroid]y1 lace-mak+1 & o!r trades4 ,no m beautiful sight c be se5 ?an "o ( ^! orphanages1 ) ! happy *ildr5 h>d at "w & rejoic+ z only ,*9ese rejoice 9 pleasant lab\r4 ,:5 ^! *ildr5 gr[ up !y are m>ri$ to ,*ri/ians1 & f !m spr+s a native ,*ri/ian population1 :i* has nev] kn[n any ( ! horrors ( hea!nism4 ,z a rule !y live 9 small societies4 ,i believe !re is an isl& on ! ,yangtsze :i* is entirely peopl$ by ,*ri/ians4 ,! "w may be great1 b ! co/ is great too4 ,_m a life has be5 laid d[n s t ^! *ildr5 might be ,*ri/ians4 #aid ,i recall "o sc5e at ,i*ang4 ,!re rises ne> ! t[n a great orphanage1 & :5 we visit$ x1 we f\nd ! ,fr5* si/]s look+ we>y & :it] ?an _! :ite robes4 ,an epidemic ( smallpox _h brok5 out 9 ! orphanage1 & out ( #adj orphans1 #bh _h di$ ( small-pox1 besides :i* ! si/]s _h suff]$ !mselves f mal>ia4 ,"o c\ld b admire ! devotion ( ^! wom5 liv+ f> (f f _! own c\ntry1 t5d+ *ildr5 :om no "o else w\ld t5d1 & ga9+ z _! rew>d hatr$ & misund]/&+ f ! ,*9ese4 ,a ,bi%op belong+ to ?is mission _h be5 murd]$1 & a lay bro!r told me t x 0 because !y 7 accus$ ( /eal+ *ildr5 to make ,we/]n m$ic9e out ( _! eyes4 ,?is /range sl&] arises app>5tly f ! desire1 :i* is n und]/ood by ! ,*9ese1 to save & pres]ve ! lives ( o!r p's *ildr54 ,*9ese e?ics h no place = su* altruism4 ,y\r duty nev] ext5ds beyond y\r own relations1 ei!r by blood or f (ficial position4 ,!re is ano!r reason1 h[ev]1 = ?is notion4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics h a sy/em ( native ag5ts :o are prep>$ to baptize any *ild1 :e!r ( hea!n or ,*ri/ian p>5ts1 :o is dy+4 ,?is sy/em is v well organis$4 ,"s ( ^! ag5ts p]ambulate di/ricts & "s rema9 at fix$ po9ts4 ,p]haps n unnaturally ! ,*9ese _c und]/& ?is me?odical se>* = dy+ *ildr51 & z a reason mu/ be f\nd1 & z ! reason t seems mo/ probable to ! ,*9ese #aie m9d is "s =m ( p]sonal ga91 !y h inv5t$ ?is sl&]4 ,:e!r we approve or disapprove ! g5]al action ( ! ,roman ,ca?olics--& our feel+s are probably v mix$ on ?is subject--we mu/ recognise t !y are a v great factor 9 ! *ange t is com+ ov] ,*9a4 ,= c5turies !y h /ood be=e ! ,*9ese z associat+ ) ,*ri/ianity ! sci5ce & ! k ! ,*9ese h always admir$4 ,! wond]ful "w done by ! ,jesuits ( ! eighte5? c5tury has e/abli%$ a tradition ( excell5t sci5tific "w :i* is well ma9ta9$ by ! le>n$ bro!rs ( ! ,ziccawei ,obs]vatory4 ,_m hundr$s ( lives h be5 sav$ at sea by ! spl5did meteorological s]vice !y h organis$1 & ! sailor :o c>es no?+ = ,roman or = ,prote/ant walks d[n on ! ,bund to see :at ! ,ziccawei bro!rs c tell him ab\t ! probability ( a typhoon4 ,! b5efit ( _! s]vice1 ?\gh great1 is n limit$ to ! numb] ( lives ( m>9]s t _! sci5ce pres]ves2 _! sci5ce is an object-lesson to ! ,*9ese--an object-lesson especially useful at a "t :5 mat]ialism is taunt+ ,*ri/ianity ) obscurantism4 ,mission>ies 9 ! field d n entirely recognise ! connection t exi/s betwe5 _! own "w & ! "w ( o!r d5om9ations4 ,! man on ! mission field sees 8 bit ( "w1 & realises t x is a failure or t x is a success1 b he does n #aif realise h[ intimately associat$ t success or failure is ) _w movem5ts ov] :i* he has b ! v slighte/ control4 ,^! _w movem5ts are dep5d5t on _m factors t mu/ be beyond 8 direct k1 & "o ( ! factors t influ5ce ! success ( ,prote/ant missions is ! wide influ5ce ( ,ca?olic "w4 ,conv]sely e new ,prote/ant mission t op5s ! door ( a s*ool or a college probably t5ds to augm5t ! numb] ( ,roman ,ca?olics 9 ,*9a4 ,! "q put to ! ,*9aman is n1 ,w y be ,roman or ,prote/ant8 ,t 0 ! "q t 0 put to ! ,european 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! "q is1 ,w y become a mat]iali/ or a ,*ri/ian8 ,& ! answ] he makes mu/ be l>gely affect$ by 8 exp]i5ce ( ! intellectual effici5cy & high moral tone ( ^? he calls ,*ri/ians4 ,i despair ( p]suad+ my ,prote/ant fri5ds t ! reputation ( ! ,ziccawei bro!rs is a valuable asset 9 evangelical "w1 & ,i equally despair ( p]suad+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic t ! spl5did educational e/abli%m5ts ( ,am]ican ,prote/antism is "o ( ! reasons :y _! numb]s are increas+ by leaps & b\nds2 b ! ,*9aman w\ld probably ?9k ! rem>k self-obvi\s4 ,h[ small ! diff]5ces appe> t we ?9k s pr(\nd 0 fir/ br\ght home to me z we pass$ ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea on ! ,fr5* mail 9 company ) a body ( ,coptic s*oolma/]s :o 7 go+ to civilise ,m5elik's subjects 9 ,abyss9ia4 #aig ,z x 0 ,sunday morn+ ^! "y m5 came up to me to ask an explanation ( ! c]emony ( %ip inspection :i* is p]=m$ ) "s pomp by ! ,fr5* capta9 on t day4 ,) a :olly exagg]at$ idea z to ! religiosity ( ! ,fr5* !y _h conclud$ t ?is 0 a ,*ri/ian c]emony1 & :5 ,i _h expla9$ to !m t on a ,fr5* %ip x 0 illegal to h a s]vice1 !y 7 di/ress$1 = !y expla9$ t ?\gh !y _h be5 educat$ 9 _m diff]5t qu>t]s1 !y 7 all 9 agreem5t on religi\s matt]s4 ,"o _h be5 educat$ 9 ! ,prote/ant ,college 9 ,beyr\t1 & ano!r _h be5 educat$ 9 ! ,jesuit ,college at ,cairo1 :i*1 he add$ 9 explanation1 is practically ! same ?+4 ,?is /atem5t w\ld be reg>d$ z accurate by ! av]age ,*9aman4 ,at any rate1 no "o c d\bt ! importance ( ,roman ,ca?olic "w 9 ,*9a4 ,!y n[ claim to h ov] a million ( adh]5ts1 s]v$ by ne>ly two ?\s& prie/s1 & :5 "o reads t !y decl>e t !y h made 9 ,pek+ alone ?irty-?ree ?\s& conv]ts 9 "o ye>1 "o realises :at a p[] !y are 9 ! ,*ri/ianisation ( ,*9a4 ,9 ! ,we/ su* figures w\ld mean ! d[nfall ( ,prote/antism1 b 9 ,*9a su* figures mean ! gr[? ( a common ,*ri/ianity :i* all d5om9ations c influ5ce & 9 :i* all d5om9ations c h a %>e4 ,rememb]1 ?\gh a million ,*ri/ians s\nds a va/ numb]1 x is small comp>$ ) ! f\r hundr$ millions :o n[ =m ! population ( ,*9a4 #aih ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,o!r ,,missions ,?\gh ! ,roman ,ca?olic missions 7 fir/ 9 ! field by sev]al c5turies1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t !y are n[ ! only ,*ri/ian influ5ce at "w4 ,! "w ( o!r bodies is ext5sive & v important4 ,! pione] society 0 ! ,london ,mission1 :i* began "w "u ,dr4 ,morrison 9 #ahjg4 ,v soon aft] !m ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society began "w 9 #ahab4 ,b no great mission "w 0 und]tak5 till aft] ! treaty ( #ahdb4 ,!n society aft] society sprang up4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ 0 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,mission>y ,society1 :i* has a v ext5sive "w1 especially 9 ,ea/]n ,*9a4 ,among ! e>lie/ ( its mission>ies 7 ! two vet]an bro!rs1 ,bi%op ,m\le & ,ar*deacon ,m\le1 :o h = half a c5tury ord]$ its ranks ) c\rage & self-d5ial4 ,! ,presbyt]ian ,mission 0 n long beh9d !m1 & ! ,am]ican ,me?odi/ ,missions began "w practically at ! same "t2 & s missions h gone on increas+ till !re are ov] sixty missions1 ov] & above ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,missions1 at "w 9 ,*9a1 ) a /aff ( ov] ?ree ?\s& five hundr$ :ite work]s & a #aii body ( conv]ts numb]+ ov] a qu>t] ( a million4 ,! p :o are oppos$ to missions w imm$iately say :at a regrettable ?+ x is t ,*ri/ianity %\ld pres5t su* a picture ( division to ! hea!n1 & !y w probably f9d a great numb] ( p :o are sympa!tically incl9$ to missions & :o cordially agree ) !m4 ,!re c be no d\bt t x w\ld be f> bett] if ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* pres5t$ a picture ( unity to ! :ole _w4 ,x w\ld be f> bett] t we %\ld all ?9k alike2 b if we _c ?9k alike1 x w\ld be a great mi/ake to seek = unity by enc\rag+ p to suppress _! convictions4 ,unity is v valuable1 b x c nev] be s valuable z are tru? & hone/y4 ,f> bett] to accept ! tru? & say t !re is a diff]5ce ( op9ion r ?an by d5y+ ! tru? & conceal+ ! divisions t really exi/ to give a false appe>ance ( unity4 ,if ?is is true ( o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 x is ev5 m true ( ,*9a4 ,h] national t5d5cy is to reg>d conviction z ( little importance1 & on ! o!r h& to lay great /ress on uni=mity4 ,p]haps "o %\ld say t ?is is ! natural result ( an autocratic gov]nm5t4 ,autocratic gov]nm5t naturally enc\rages ! doctr9e t ev]ybody %\ld agree ) ! autocrat4 ,n[ ! advance ( ! ,we/ has be5 accompli%$ by enc\rag+ lib]ty ( op9ion1 !re=e ! p :o are to exp\nd ! great doctr9es ( ,we/]n civilisation rightly appe> be=e #bjj ! ,*9ese _w %[+ a great div]sity ( view4 ,x is mo/ regrettable :5 lib]ty is ex*ang$ = tyranny1 :5 ! acceptance ( "o op9ion involves ! p]secution ( ano!r1 :5 ,*ri/ians n only diff] b p]secute & ?w>t ea* o!r's ef=ts4 ,?is may be an evil 9 our own l&1 an evil :i* we hope w soon pass away1 b 9 ,*9a t evil does n exi/ except betwe5 ! ,roman & ! non-,roman bodies4 ,!re are great diff]5ces ( op9ion4 ,! extreme ,rituali/ position is ably repres5t$ 9 ,*9a1 ! ultra-,prote/ant position has equally able repres5tatives1 & ,i h se5 !m unit+ 9 ! ,%anghai ,conf]5ce 9 def5ce ( ! ,apo/les' ,cre$ aga9/ a ,latitud9>ian attack4 ,to ! ,*9ese ,i ?9k !y pres5t n ! aspect ( diff]5t bodies oppos+ "o ano!r1 b r diff]5t regim5ts ( ! same army int5t on ov]?r[+ ! same enemy2 & ?\gh !y are clo!d 9 a diff]5t uni=m & use diff]5t weapons !y s]ve "u ! same g5]al4 ,illu/ration3 ,,travell+ ,,9 ,,*9a--,,old ,,/yle4 ,a ,,railway ,,/ation--,,new ,,/yle ,! ,am]ican bodies are f> ! ri*e/4 ,:e!r x is t ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a ri*] c\ntry ?an ,engl&1 or :e!r x is t !y are m lib]al 9 _! gifts to missions1 or :e!r x is t !y are m incl9$ to sp5d _! money on ,*9ese missions1 ! result is c]ta91 ! ,am]ican missions h e advantage t money c give4 ,_! spl5did educational e/abli%m5ts are a feature 9 #bja _m t[ns4 ,if ! ,am]ican missions h ! advantage ( ! ,engli% missions 9 money1 bo? ,briti% & ,am]ican missions h an equal "r to claim t !y h z repres5tatives 9 ,*9a a body ( self-d5y+ & en?usia/ic m54 ,x w\ld be invidi\s to make any ref]5ce to ! excell5ce ( any special mission4 ,among ! ,briti% missions1 ! ,london ,mission claims inde$ ! greate/ numb] ( conv]ts1 ?\gh ! ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society does n come f> beh9d x4 ,aga91 ! ,presbyt]ian ,missions & ! ,*9a ,inl& ,mission h a l>ge & gr[+ "w4 ,! latt] is a mo/ curi\s developm5t ( mission>y policy4 ,! mission>ies1 diff]+ 9 _m doctr9al p>ticul>s1 h agre$ to co-op]ate "u ! "n ( ,*9a ,inl& ,missions 9 ! we/ ( ,*9a2 !y h agre$ n to oppose ea* o!r 9 any way1 & to give ea* o!r mutual support4 ,!y are "u ! head ( a director :o organises & arranges _! sep>ate prov9ces4 ,a great feature ( ?is s*eme is t !y effect a l>ge sav+ 9 ! exp5ses ( mission "w by co-op]ation4 ,a :ite man _c live 9 _m di/ricts 9 ,*9a )\t a supply ( m$ic9es & "s ,we/]n com=ts2 !y arrange = ! =w>d+ ( ^! ?+s1 & help ! mission>ies 9 _! j\rneys4 ,bi%op ,cassels is at once a memb] ( ?is mission & ( ! ,c4,m4,s4 ,he is a spl5did example ( ! c\rage t is necess>y = mission>y "w4 ,he has be5 ?r\gh ! ,gorges ( ! ,yangtsze tw5ty #bjb times4 ,once he 0 unwise en\gh to =sake ! small native boat 9 :i* he habitually travels & to entru/ himself to a /eam]1 :i*1 "u ! pilotage ( a ,g]man capta91 0 go+ to attempt ! rapids4 ,!y did v well till !y happ5$ to bump on a rock1 :5 ! capta9 lo/ 8 head1 & in/ead ( bea*+ h]1 he tri$ to an*or4 ,! wat] surg$ 9 & soon put out 8 fires1 ?us prev5t+ him f rais+ 8 an*or1 ) ! result t ! %ip gradually fill$ & sank & ! pass5g]s _h to swim = _! lives4 ,! ,s4,p4,g4 ,mission is excell5tly mann$1 b suff]s mu* f want ( pecuni>y support4 ,i _c help feel+ t if x 0 b once realis$ h[ important x is t ! capital ( ,*9a1 :i!r resort all ! intellectual & ambiti\s m5 ( ,*9a1 %\ld ?or\ghly und]/& ! logical position & ! rev]5t wor%ip ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 t ! necess>y funds w\ld be =?com+4 ,x is mo/ desirable t ,*9a %\ld und]/& t !re is a via m$ia betwe5 ,rome & ,prote/antism4 ,)\t wi%+ 9 any way to detract f ! necessity = missions to o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 we may po9t out t ,*9a has at ?is mom5t a v special claim4 ,no "o w\ld say t ! mission "w 9 ,india or 9 ,africa dem&s )9 ! next few ye>s t ! intellectual side ( ,*ri/ianity %\ld be ?or\ghly expla9$1 b ?is is actually ! case 9 ,*9a4 ,! intellectual m5 ( #bjc ,*9a :o ga!r toge!r at ,pek+ are n[ dem&+ to "k :at tru? !re is 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y mu/ be answ]$ by m5 z intellectual z !mselves1 :o w be able ) c\rtesy & =ce to conv9ce !m t ,*ri/ianity is a religion t is ?or\ghly consi/5t bo? ) mod]n sci5ce & ) ! intellectual progress ( ! _w4 ,no bett] mission to und]take t "w c be conceiv$ ?an ! ,nor? ,*9a ,mission ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,?is mission1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,bi%op ,scott1 repres5ts ) dignity ! tol]ant & rev]5tial attitude ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,"o _c help ?9k+ t if he _h a suffici5tly lib]al support1 s t he c\ld h a college :]e he c\ld und]take ! education ( "s ( ^? future /atesm5 ( ,*9a :o are desir+ to und]/& ,we/]n ?+s1 t 8 mission might be ! means ( enc\rag+ a movem5t t[>ds ,*ri/ianity among ! s*ol>s & /atesm5 ( ,*9a4 ,t di/+ui%$ ,bapti/ mission>y1 ,dr4 ,timo?y ,ri*>d1 told me t he ?\ght t ! dignity ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 especially z s ably repres5t$ by ,bi%op ,scott1 might be a great asset 9 conv9c+ ! ,*9ese lit]ati t ,*ri/ianity 0 a religion :i* w\ld h>monise ) _! love ( ord] & dignity4 ,( missions ( o!r nations we saw "o or two examples1 b !y are few 9 numb] if y except ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,missions4 ,x is r a pity t ! ,sc&9avian ,missions d n ?r[ all _! #bjd ef=t into "w 9 ,man*uria2 few races w\ld endure ! bitt] cold ( ,man*uria bett] ?an !y1 & ,man*uria is readi] to accept ,we/]n ideas ?an p]haps any o!r "p ( ,*9a4 ,%e has felt & realis$ ! pressure ( ! ,we/1 %e has suff]$ "u ! burd5 ( ,russian dom9ation1 %e has se5 ! ,we/]nis$ armies ( conqu]+ ,japan put to flight ! nor!rn invad]4 ,z we /ood on ! #bjc ,metre ,hill & realis$ on t %att]$ hill-top h[ ,man*uria has se5 ! full =ce ( ! de/ructive p[] ( ,we/]n civilisation2 z we c\nt$ ! wrecks t !n lay at ! m\? ( ! h>b\r2 z we look$ at ea* %att]$ home/ead1 yes1 & at ! bones t 7 /ill unburi$1 we felt t ! great l& ( ,man*uria has a special ne$ t "s "o %\ld %[ h] t ,we/]n civilisation c inde$ produce some?+ m lovely ?an %ells & bayonets4 ,i am happy to be able to say t a spl5did "w is be+ c>ri$ on by ! ,presbyt]ian ,missions2 !y h %[n to ! ,nor!rn ,*9ese ano!r =m ( c\rage ?an t :i* 0 %[n by ! w>riors ( ,russia & ,japan4 ,two /ories rema9 9 my m9d among _m4 ,fir/ a /ory ( ! old days be=e ,russia _h made ! ,trans-,sib]ian ,railway1 be=e ! ,japanese _h = ! fir/ "t tak5 ,port ,ar?ur4 ,a ,briti% mission doctor 0 at "w4 ,! ,*9ese1 m suo1 _h det]m9$ to get rid ( ?is example ( ! m]cy ( ,we/]n civilisation4 ,!y did n d>e to kill him op5ly1 s !y s5t a #bje mess5g] :o feign$ to h come f a sick man out 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! doctor & 8 ,*9ese dress]1 unconsci\s ( ! plot1 readily obey$ ! summons4 ,!y notic$ t a *ild foll[$ !m1 & !y did _! be/ to induce him to g home1 b he w\ld n4 ,:5 !y arriv$ at ! village inn !y discov]$ t ! sick man did n exi/4 ,!y 7 9 d\bt :at to d1 :5 sudd5ly ! door 0 ?r[n op5 & sev]al ( ! soldi]s ( ! ,vic]oy's bodygu>d ru%$ 91 & seiz+ ! two1 !y decl>$ t !y _h /ol5 a *ild to make m$ic9e out ( 8 eyes4 ,!y !n proce$$ to torture ! doctor by ty+ 8 h&s beh9d 8 back & susp5d+ him by !m to ! ro(4 ,su* 0 ! agony t ! doctor lo/ consci\sness4 ,!y !n took him d[n1 & he 0 put into a loa?some ,*9ese prison1 :]e he 0 expos$ to m5tal torture z sev]e z ! physical torture :i* he _h already endur$4 ,he 0 told t he w\ld be behead$1 & e prep>ation 0 made1 & !n at ! la/ mom5t he 0 tak5 back to ! prison4 ,?is 0 repeat$ till !y ?\ght !y _h %att]$ 8 n]ve1 & !n he 0 all[$ to g free4 ,) t calm c\rage :i* has s (t5 *>act]is$ ! action ( ! memb]s ( ! mission>y body he return$ to 8 "w fe>less ( dea? & torture4 ,ano!r /ory1 :i* has its humor\s side1 0 also told u4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,russian occupation ( ,new*wang1 ! ,russians _h1 z we h #bjf describ$ above1 be5 pacify+ ! t[n1 & a cr[d ( t]rifi$ ,*9ese _h tak5 refuge 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,mission comp\nd1 :]e !re 0 only "o lady4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 came f ,belfa/1 & _h all ! c\rage ( ! ,nor!rn ,iri% 9 h] ve9s4 ,a body ( ,russian soldi]s came t[>ds ! mission ) ! int5tion ( %oot+ ! ,*9ese4 ,%e took a horse:ip 9 h] h&1 & reg>dless ( ! load$ rifle or ! bloody bayonet1 comm5c$ to belab\r ! soldi]s ) x4 ,!re are "s ?+s :i* are und]/ood by all nations1 & ! use ( ! horse-:ip 0 at once appreciat$ by ! ,russians1 :o fl$ be=e h]1 leav+ h] a victor & ! savi\r ( h] ,*9ese fri5ds4 ,i "k p say t wom5 %\ld n be expos$ to ! risks ( a mission>y's life1 b ! answ] is t 7 wom5 n employ$1 half ! mission "w w\ld be left undone & ! h]oism ) :i* wom5 h endur$ dea? & dang] has be5 no small factor 9 ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity & 9 produc+ ! *ange 9 ,*9a4 #bjg ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,we/]n ,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,*9a ,among ! influ5ces t h awak5$ ,*9a1 outside ! great lesson ( political ev5ts1 none has be5 m influ5tial ?an lit]ature 9 its _m bran*es4 ,! ,*9ese h always be5 a lit]>y race4 ,!y inv5t$ pr9t+ ab\t ! same "t t ! savage ,saxons welcom$ ! fir/ book writt5 by ! ,v5]able ,b$e1 & ! influ5ce ( lit]ature has !re=e held sway _m hundr$ ye>s 9 ,*9a4 ,b = ! la/ six hundr$ ye>s !re h n be5 _m works ( orig9al ?\ght produc$ 9 native lit]ature4 ,mo/ ( _! writ+s h be5 comm5t>ies on ! ,classics foll[+ along ! beat5 pa?s1 or works ( poetry full ( ref]5ces to ! ,%i-,k+ or ! classic poetry ( ! ,*9ese4 ,! lit]ature ( ,*9a is *>act]i/ic ( h] civilisation4 ,x is conf9$ by an artificiality :i* has its orig9 9 an inord9ate respect = ! pa/ & an absolute di/ru/ ( ! future4 ,e book looks backw>d to ! p]iod :5 ,*9a's ?\ght 0 pure & great4 ,?is p]iod cont9u$ till ! ,anglo-,saxon influ5ce made itself felt ?r\gh its missions4 ,v e>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( ,prote/ant missions x 0 #bjh p]ceiv$ t 9 a c\ntry l ,*9a "s o!r appeal mu/ be made ?an c\ld be made by ! :ite mission>y4 ,a nation rev]5c+ ! pr9t$ page to su* a degree t m5 w c>efully pick up a piece ( pap] & put x on "o side r ?an trample x he$lessly1 = fe> le/ t piece ( pap] %\ld conta9 words ( wisdom1 is obvi\sly a nation t c be/ be rea*$ ?r\gh pr9t$ matt]1 & s ,dr4 ,morrison1 ! pione] ( ,prote/ant missions1 devot$ ! great] "p ( 8 mission>y life to translat+ ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,! matt] 0 n s simple z might appe> to ^? :o are only conv]sant ) ! civilisation ( y\ng] & less artificial races ?an ! ,*9ese4 ,x is n en\gh to translate a "w into ,*9ese2 ! spok5 language is n[h]e us$ = lit]ature4 ,! lit]>y language commonly call$ ,w5li probably nev] 0 spok51 & is s full ( artificial rules ( con/ruction t x is only aft] _m ye>s t a man c hope to write x effici5tly4 ,*ang-,*ih-,tung says t x requires t5 ye>s = a ,*9aman to become an effici5t translator4 ,t does n mean t x takes t5 ye>s = a ,*9aman to le>n ,engli%1 b t5 ye>s = a man to be able to put into good ,*9ese ! ?\ghts t he has le>n$ f ! ,we/4 ,! writt5 language ( ,*9a1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 is n a language 9 :i* s\nds are portray$ by means ( signs z x is ) ,we/]n languages4 ,ea* "* repres5ts an idea1 ! only analogy 9 our language be+ ! num]als & #bji "s few signs we h = simple words su* z cross or &4 ,!re=e :5 new ideas are develop$ new signs are requir$4 ,^! c be creat$ out ( old signs4 ,= in/ance1 ,i und]/& t a railway eng9e is call$ a fire c>riage4 ,?is1 by ! way1 caus$ great confusion ( m9d 9 a c]ta9 di/rict to ! ,*ri/ian conv]ts :o 7 conv]sant ) ! /ory ( ,elijah1 = "s ( !m errone\sly conclud$ t ,elijah left ?is e>? 9 a railway tra94 ,ano!r in/ance ( ! difficulty ( express+ new ?+s 0 af=d$ :5 a c]ta9 mission />t$ "w 9 ,*9a4 ,!y 7 9 "s p]plexity z to ! title t !y %\ld *oose = _! society4 ,!y want$ to convey to ! ,*9ese t _! d5om9ation claim$ especially to fe$ ! s\ls ( m54 ,!y expla9$ all ?is to an educat$ ,*9aman1 & quot$ "s well-kn[n texts4 ,he imm$iately wrote d[n two *>act]s1 & assur$ !m t !y repres5t$ :at !y _h said ab\t ! spiritual food t !y provid$1 & w\ld also be v popul> ) ! ,*9ese1 z inde$ x prov$4 ,! mom5t !y op5$ ! door ( ! *apel !y 7 besieg$ by hundr$s ( ,*9ese ( ! poor] class1 :o1 aft] li/5+ = a %ort "t1 w5t away discont5t$ly4 ,! mission>ies f\nd out aft]w>ds t ! title !y _h be5 giv5 lit]ally translat$ 0 ,heal?-giv+ ,free ,re/aurant1 a mo/ attractive title to ! hungry ,*9aman4 ,!re is inde$ ano!r way ( repres5t+ new #baj words4 ,! ^w c be borr[$ bodily f ano!r language & pron\nc$ 9 a ,*9ese way1 & ! ^w-signs :i* be/ repres5t ! s\nds c !n be employ$4 ,?is is (t5 done ) prop] names4 ,= in/ance1 a great ,*9ese /atesman told me t he ref]r$ to ,sir ,edw>d ,grey 9 8 despat*es to ,*9a by ?ree signs :i* _h ! ?ree s\nds ,ga ,la ,hay1 b ?is sy/em is obvi\sly op5 to miscon/ruction1 because ! read] might be tempt$ to give ! words _! normal mean+4 ,i believe t su* t]ms z ,x-rays & ultimatum h be5 s adopt$ bodily into ! ,*9ese language4 ,n9ety p] c5t41 h[ev]1 ( ! new ^w-signs :i* g to make up :at ! ,*9ese call mod]n /yle are new comb9ations ( anci5t ideographs4 ,"o ( ! pione]s 9 ?is translation "w said at ! ,%anghai ,conf]5ce t ! fir/ ?+ a mission>y _h to d be=e he c\ld conv]t ! p 0 to conv]t ! language4 ,until he _h inv5t$ a new set ( ^w-s\nds to convey ,*ri/ian ideas1 ! prea*+ ( ,*ri/ianity lab\r$ "u ! v greate/ disadvantage4 ,! t]m controv]sy1 t is1 ! controv]sy z to :at sign %\ld be *os5 to signify ! ,*ri/ian's ,god1 0 an example ( ?is4 ,x arose fir/ 9 ! ,roman ,communion & aft]w>ds gave great tr\ble to o!r ,communions4 ,! *oice lay betwe5 ?ree t]ms--"o signify+ orig9ally ,supreme ,rul]1 "o ,heav51 & ! la/ ,_s1 none ( :i* q #baa express$ our idea ( ,god4 ,:at ,*ri/ians felt 0 felt by o!r translators also1 & "o ( ! great causes ( advance 9 ,*9a has be5 ! =mation ( a language :i* c n[ ?or\ghly express all ! ideas t are *>act]i/ic ( ! ,we/4 ,_m ( ^! ^w-signs come f ,japan4 ,japan1 us+ ! same writt5 script z ,*9a1 & hav+ accept$ ,we/]n ?\ght1 is m easily able to compose ! ^w-sign necess>y = its expression1 & x is 9 ?is way among _m o!rs t ! influ5ce ( ,japan w be v important if n p>am\nt 9 f> ,ea/]n c\ntries4 ,e mission>y body has tri$ to produce ,*ri/ian lit]ature2 ! great difficulty has be5 to get ! translator4 ,! me?od usually employ$ is to get a ,*9ese graduate1 too (t5 n a ,*ri/ian1 & to make him1 "u c>eful sup]vision1 write d[n ! phrases r5d]$ by ! mission>y into ,*9ese4 ,ev5 s ! difficulties are v great4 ,! object ( lit]ature is diff]5tly und]/ood 9 ! ,we/ & 9 ! ,ea/4 ,a ,*9ese s*ol> :o 0 v conv]sant ) bo? languages expla9$ ! difficulties by ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,engross$ 9 ! /udy ( ,we/]n k he _h neglect$ 8 ,*9ese lit]ature1 & 0 9 imm95t dang] ( fail+ 9 8 exam9ation4 ,happily = him ! night be=e 8 exam9ation he read a classical au?or mu* admir$ by connoisseurs b n mu* read ow+ to 8 great obscurity ( expression4 ,a p>ticul>ly recondite #bab phrase dwelt 9 8 memory because x _h co/ him s mu* tr\ble to discov] its mean+4 ,next day he us$ ! phrase 9 8 pap]1 & :5 8 pap] 0 return$ to him ) ! m>ks ( ! exam9] ^u x1 x 0 obvi\s t x 0 ?is phrase1 surr\nd$ on all sides by ! m>ks ( 8 exam9]'s approbation1 :i* _h be5 ! means ( 8 pass+ t exam9ation4 ,subsequ5tly he w5t to ,*icago ,univ]sity4 ,!re1 he said1 ) ! quiet hum\r ( a ,*9aman1 ,i le>nt t ! object ( an essay 0 to convey an idea 9 z simple a mann] z possible4 ,?is is n ! ,*9ese plan4 ,"o ( ! pione]s 9 ?is "w 0 ! body :i* is n[ call$ ! ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature ,society = ,*9a4 ,assi/$ by a brilliant /aff1 ,dr4 ,timo?y ,ri*>d has produc$ a great mass ( excell5t "w :i* has pr(\nd influ5ce on ?\ght 9 ,*9a4 ,no bett] te/ c be f\nd ( ! wond]ful "w t !y h done ?an ! fact t ! greate/ /atesman t ,*9a possess$1 & also h] greate/ ,confuciani/ s*ol>1 %\ld ref] to "o ( _! publications1 ,! ,review ( ! ,times1 z "o ( ! causes ( ,*9a's enlight5m5t4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature ,society has n1 h[ev]1 be5 ! only lab\r] 9 ! field4 ,good "w has be5 done by ! ,religi\s ,tract ,society1 :i* has depts 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,*9a = ! sale ( good lit]ature2 & !re h be5 o!r societies :i* h also publi%$ books1 includ+ ! ,mission ,press1 belong+ #bac to ! ,roman ,ca?olics1 :i* is situat$ at ,hong-,kong4 ,b 9 speak+ ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature we mu/ n =get ! v>i\s ,bible ,societies :i* h done su* v>i$ & excell5t "w 9 ,*9a1 *ief among :i* has be5 ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society4 ,f> beyond :]e ! :ite mission>y c\ld rea*1 ! productions ( ?is ,society h p5etrat$2 ev5 "r across ! des]ts ( ,mongolia h _! colporteurs c>ri$ _! w>es4 ,( ! conv]sations :i* ,i _h ) v>i\s ,*9ese g5tlem5 "o 0 especially rem>kable z a te/imony to _! activity4 ,my int]locutor 0 "o ( ^? fat lazy m5 :o enjoy ! good ?+s ( life & c>e b little = s]i\s matt]s1 & yet ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d t he 0 obvi\sly acqua9t$ )1 at any rate1 "s ( ! t5ets ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & ,i wond]$ h[ ?is indol5t man _h obta9$ su* k4 ,i felt c]ta9 t 8 dignity w\ld nev] h p]mitt$ him to h talk$ to a ,*ri/ian mission>y1 mu* less to h li/5$ to a ,*ri/ian s]mon4 ,at la/ he incid5tally m5tion$ t ?\gh a ,confuciani/ he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,i c\ld n well ask him h[ he _h obta9$ x1 b no d\bt x _h come to him ?r\gh ! means ( ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society4 ,we happ5$ ^u ano!r example ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,bible ,society4 ,we 7 com+ d[n on ! boat f ,canton1 &1 walk+ on ! ,*9ese #bad deck1 ,i saw a man smok+ opium & read+ an ,engli% book4 ,z ,i saw he knew ,engli%1 ,i address$ him2 "u ! influ5ce ( opium1 he 0 wond]fully communicative4 ,! book turn$ out to be ,/4 ,john's ,gospel1 & he 0 read+ ab\t our ,"l's ,crucifixion4 ,he _h only pick$ x up because he want$ to improve 8 ,engli%1 b he 0 deeply impress$ by x1 & 8 comm5ts 7 mo/ int]e/+4 ,he ask$ me :e!r x 0 true t :5 our ,"l 0 crucifi$ ,he _h /ood alone aga9/ all ! p[] ( ! ,jews & ! ,romans1 & :5 he receiv$ an answ] 9 ! affirmative1 he add$1 ,!n ,he mu/ h be5 ,div9e1 = no man :o 0 n ,div9e c\ld h /ood alone4 ,to ! ,*9ese m9d1 :i* is incapable ( any sep>ate action1 :i* is p[]less unless x has ! moral support ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ( a ,guild1 or ev5 ( a secret society1 ! /ory ( ! ,crucifixion appeals mo/ /rongly z an example ( ,div9e /r5g? ( purpose4 ,?is /range contra/ betwe5 ! opium-smok] & ! ,bible 0 typical ( ,*9a4 ,! =ces ( good & evil 7 wre/l+ toge!r = ! possession ( t man's life2 ! =ces ( good hav+ be5 put into 8 h&s no d\bt by ! in/rum5tality ( "s ,bible ,society4 ,b ! good "w t has be5 directly done by all ^! societies has be5 greatly augm5t$ by ! good "w t !y h done indirectly ?r\gh ! m$ium ( "s ( _! conv]ts4 ,a body ( ,*ri/ian "y m5 det]m9$ to />t #bae a publi%+ h\se on _! own acc\nt1 ! object ( :i* %\ld be t ! publi%$ books1 bo? translations & orig9al works1 %\ld be/ convey to ! ,*9ese m9d l(ty & noble ideas 9 ,we/]n ?\ght4 ,if ^! books 7 n int5d$ to be def9itely propag&i/ !y 7 at lea/ calculat$ to tea* ! e?ical sy/em ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! "w ( ! ,%anghai ,comm]cial ,press has _h a great influ5ce on ! ?\ght ( ,*9a2 f !nce has issu$ =? a mass ( lit]ature bo? = s*ools & = ! g5]al public :i* has introduc$ ,we/]n ?\ght to ! ,*9ese4 ,_m ( our /&>d au?ors h be5 translat$1 & ! ,*9aman1 mov$ by 8 love ( lit]ature1 is n[ becom+ intimately acqua9t$ ) e lit]>y activity ( our civilisation4 ,:5 "o looks at ^? /range ^w-signs x seems h>d to believe t any "o c\ld read !m ) ease & rapidity2 yet ,*9am5 say1 ?\gh writ+ is a matt] ( great difficulty & requires mu* "t1 read+ ! *>act]s is quick] ?an read+ our sy/em ( pr9t+1 ea* idea be+ convey$ by "o sign1 in/ead (1 z 9 our language1 by _m lett]s4 ,^! signs are app>5tly ?+s to :i* s5tim5t atta*es4 ,we he>d a mo/ int]e/+ debate at ! ,conf]5ce ( ! ,anglican ,*ur* at ,%anghai z to ! title by :i* ! ,anglican body %\ld be g5]ally kn[n1 & x 0 in/ructive to wat* ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! views ( ! ,engli% & ! ,*9ese m9ds on ! "q1 z ! debate #baf 0 translat$ by a mo/ able int]pret]1 ,mr4 ,ts54 ,we began ) :at ?reat5$ to be a r dre>y ,anglo-,saxon debate betwe5 ! ,high & ! ,l[ ,*ur*4 ,"o felt ! old atmosph]e ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5tury ( ,engli% hi/ory v pres5t 9 ! room4 ,! debate 0 on ! "q z to :e!r ! ^w ,ca?olic %\ld =m "p ( ! title4 ,i ne$ n detail ! argum5ts t 7 advanc$ on bo? sides2 !y are too well kn[n4 ,!n we turn$ to ! ,*9ese translation1 & at once ! fires ( ,smi?field & ! ?und]s ( ! ,re=mation disappe>$ z by magic1 & ! blue-rob$ m5 f all p>ts ( ,*9a woke up to an int]e/ t 0 z extraord9>y z x 0 in/ructive4 ,we ga!r$1 by means ( our int]pret]1 two or ?ree mo/ int]e/+ facts4 ,fir/1 !re 0 unanimity 9 ! room t ! title %\ld n 9 any way1 indirectly or by allusion1 convey ! idea t ! ,anglican ,*ur* _h any?+ to d ) ,engl&4 ,! view ( ,*9a = ! ,*9ese obvi\sly comm&$ ! ass5t ( all 9 ! room2 ev5 ^? :o _h be5 influ5c$ ! o!r way by _! tea*]s1 _h to all[ t ! ^w ,anglican w\ld be fatal to ! popul>ity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:5 ,! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ,*9a 0 propos$ z a title1 x 0 sugge/$ by ! :ite m5 t x sav\r$ ( insol5ce1 z imply+ t ! o!r communions did n belong to x4 ,?is met ) no fav\r f ! ,*9ese4 ,_! argum5t 0 simple2 we are #bag all go+ to be "o body 9 a %ort "t1 s ! o!rs c %>e 9 our title if x is a good "o1 & if x is n1 we c %>e !irs4 ,!n !re 0 ?is feel+1 :i* x 0 impossible = a /rang] to appreciate1 t ea* ideograph _h a s5tim5t atta*$ to x1 & t !re=e ! title mu/ be compos$ ( ideographs :i* _h n m]ely a suitable mean+ b also a beautiful association4 ,9 ! end !y adopt$ = _! title ! ideographs t are us$ 9 ! ,cre$ = ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 n mean+ !reby t !y 7 ! only bran* ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 b t !y 7 a true bran* ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!re 0 ano!r po9t made obvi\s to ! onlook]1 a po9t :i* w be dealt ) fur!r on 9 ?is book1 namely1 t ow+ to ! diff]5t policies ( ! missions1 ! ,am]ican body dom9at$ 9 debate because !y 7 repres5t$ by an extremely able body ( ,*9am51 :ile ! ,engli% missions _h z ,*9ese repres5tatives only m5 ( ord9>y education4 ,b to return to ! "q ( lit]ature4 ,?\gh lit]ature has be5 in/rum5tal 9 dissem9at+ bo? ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity & ! noble e?ical tea*+ ( ! ,we/1 x has also be5 in/rum5tal 9 dissem9at+ mu* t is evil & corrupt 9 ,we/]n lit]ature4 ,p]haps x is n extraord9>y t ! ,japanese booksell] f9ds t ! erotic novel f ,p>is sells m freely :5 translat$ ?an ! ,engli% /ory ^: :ole #bah motive dep5ds on a prop] compreh5sion ( ! ,*ri/ian e?ical position4 ,! ,dame aux ,camlias1 by ,dumas1 is ! mo/ popul> ( ! ,we/]n works1 & "o _c b tremble to ?9k :at incalculable injury su* /ories w d to a nation :i* does n und]/& ! relative positions 9 :i* ^? works are held by m5 ( high "* 9 ! ,we/4 ,*ang-,*ih-,tung ref]s 9 "o ( 8 works to ! app>5t immorality ( ,we/]n ?\ght2 & if we grant t books l ^! are typical ( ,we/]n ?\ght1 we %all n be able to wond] at 8 conclusion4 ,?r\gh ! di/ort$ m$ium ( su* translations ,we/]n civilisation mu/ seem :olly dete/able4 ,! ,*9aman w naturally say1 ,y\r boa/$ morality is m]ely a hypocritical cov]+ = a pr(ligacy :i* we %\ld nev] p]mit 9 our l&4 ,n only are ,fr5* novels translat$1 b all ! works :i* ,we/]n ?\ght has produc$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,haeckel's ,riddle ( ! ,univ]se is a typical example4 ,9 lit]ature1 z 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( life 9 ,*9a1 two elem5ts ( ,we/]n civilisation /rive = ma/]y4 ,on "o side !re are array$ ! p[]s ( ,*ri/ianity & ! int]pretation ( ,we/]n civilisation z a product ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght2 on ! o!r side lies mat]ialism1 & ! explanation ( ,we/]n civilisation z a natural result ( evolution :i* is develop+ an irreligi\s b mo/ com=table _w4 ,if ,*9a li/5s to ! fir/1 %e w become l o!r #bai nations1 a great p[]1 n only ri*1 b hon\rable1 true1 & m]ciful1 ! result ( ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian fai? & e?ics4 ,if %e li/5s to ! second1 ! effici5cy ( ,*9a w be r5d]$ t]rible by a l[ morality1 :i* w n only desolate & depress _m millions1 b ev5 h a delet]i\s effect on ! ,we/ :i* s mi/aught h]4 #bbj ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,m$ical ,,missions ,aft] lit]ature p]haps we %\ld place m$ical missions z "o ( ! mo/ effective ways ( plac+ be=e ! ,*9ese ! diff]5ce betwe5 our civilisations & ( %[+ !m ! tru? & beauty ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re are ?ree or possibly f\r reasons :y m$ical missions are a "r & effective way ( conduct+ ! ,*ri/ian propag&a4 ,fir/1 !y are an object-lesson ( ! love :i* ,*ri/ianity inculcates4 ,9 s*ool tea*+ we f9d t ! object-lesson is ! mo/ effici5t & easie/ way ( gett+ ! human m9d to und]/& a q new idea2 m$ical missions are object-lessons ( ! ess5tial "* ( ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,*9ese e?ics are v di/9ct 9 limit+ ! duty ( man to c]ta9 well-kn[n relations4 ,!y are five 9 numb]3 ! relation ( ! sov]eign & m9i/]1 ( ! husb& & wife1 ( ! fa!r & son1 ( ! eld] & y\ng] bro!r1 & ( fri5ds4 ,no ,confucian recognises ! univ]sal bro!rhood ( man2 t is solely a ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,?us ,confucius reproves ! man :o wi%es to (f] sacrifices to "s "o else's =efa!rs2 t appe>s to him to be z (fici\s z ! duty ( #bba (f]+ sacrifices to 8 own ance/ors is important2 a man has no obligations to any "o else b to ^? :o /& to him 9 "o ( ^! five relations4 ,v diff]5t is ! tone ( ! ,apocrypha1 :i* is n ( v diff]5t date1 & :i* puts burial ( ! dead among "o ( ! fir/ duties ( man )\t specify+ ! necessity ( any close relation%ip4 ,! action ( mission>ies 9 com+ to ,*9a 0 !re=e :olly misund]/ood by ! ,*9ese4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z m]ely ! emiss>ies ( =eign p[]s1 s5t to spy out ! l&4 ,consid]+ ! way 9 :i* ! ,roman ,ca?olic missions did z a fact id5tify !mselves ) ! =eign policy ( ,france1 "o _c altoge!r wond] t ! ,*9ese attribut$ to _! mission ! selfi% pr9ciples !y !mselves w\ld h foll[$4 ,! fir/ purpose1 !re=e1 s]v$ by m$ical missions is to demon/rate to ! ,*9ese t ,*ri/ianity has high] ideals ?an ,confucianism4 ,_! second great object is "o t mu/ appeal to ! he>t ( ev]ybody :o has be5 9 ,*9a4 ,x is impossible to "w among ! ,*9ese )\t be+ r5d]$ mis]able by ! appall+ am\nt ( suff]+ & mis]y t exi/s at ! pres5t day4 ,! pov]ty ( ,engl& _c be spok5 ( 9 ! same brea? nor c 9 any way be comp>$ ) ! pov]ty ( ,*9a4 ,deplorable z is ! condition ( _m individuals 9 ,engl&1 h>% z is ! action ( "s ( our casual w>ds1 #bbb any "o :o has /udi$ bo? w freely all[ t ! poor 9 ,engl& are ri* comp>$ to ! poor 9 ,*9a4 ,among ! va/ cr[d t w&]s along ! ,nor? ,road to ,london1 y w sc>cely see "o )\t boots2 !re is sc>cely "o :o does n get a piece ( bread to eat :5 he is hungry2 !re are none :o are suff]+ f unt5d$ w\nds or unalleviat$ sickness4 ,! workh\se infirm>y w always op5 its doors1 h[ev] h>% ! ,gu>dians1 to ^? :o are absolutely ill4 ,b 9 ,*9a1 />vation is q common4 ,mission>ies tell y h[ at c]ta9 junctures !y h travell$ along a road1 pass+ man aft] man ly+ at ! po9t ( dea?1 & ^? :o are sick h too (t5 no res\rce b to wait ) pati5ce ! pa9 & dea? !y =esee z _! fate4 ,! mission>y feels1 z he prea*es ! doctr9e ( love1 t he _c consi/5tly ignore ^! suff]+ multitudes4 ,! ?ird reason :y m$ical missions are ma9ta9$ is because !y are a means ( approa*+ p :o o!rwise w\ld n he> ! ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,! man :o has successfully heal$ ! body has "s reasonable hope to expect t ! pati5t w accept t m$ic9e t he (f]s to cure ! s\l4 ,s m$ical missions h be5 />t$ 9 e place4 ,we visit$ _m excell5t m$ical missions1 f *illy ,mukd5 to torrid ,canton4 ,!re are _m /ories told h[ 9 ! days :5 ! ,*9ese w\ld n li/5 to #bbc mission>ies1 ! m$ical mission>y obta9$ t he>+ :i* 0 refus$ to 8 cl]ical bro!rs4 ,i 0 told "o m$ical mission>y f\nd t ! mom5t t he 0 extract+ tee? 0 ! mom5t :5 he c\ld be/ advance 8 tea*+4 ,i h nev] he>d ! /ory sub/antiat$2 unless ! ,*9ese are v diff]5t f u1 "o w\ld h ?\ght t ! tea*+ w\ld h _h a di/9ctly pa9ful association4 ,p]haps he took z 8 !sis ! extraction ( s9 f ! "*4 ,8 success 0 equall$ by t non-m$ical mission>y :o _h ! advantage ( hav+ a set ( false tee?2 ^! he us$ to take out be=e ! a/oni%$ coolies & replace !m2 !n hav+ attract$ _! att5tion by ?is manoeuvre1 he took up 8 p>able on ! ne$ = tak+ away _! s9s f !m & = putt+ new life into !m4 ,! ,*9ese coolie loves a je/1 & once he is on ! laugh he w1 unlike 8 ,engli% bro!r1 be mu* m incl9$ to att5d to s]i\s tea*+4 ,"o ( ! mission>ies :o und]/&s ?is trait ( ! ,*9ese be/ is ,dr4 ,duncan ,ma9 ( ,hang*[1 :]e we sp5t two mo/ int]e/+ days see+ 8 hospitals & "w & visit+ 8 pati5ts4 ,!re is no bett] te/imony to 8 great "w ?an 8 obvi\s popul>ity4 ,:]ev] he goes !re are smiles & greet+s4 ,he expla9s z we walk :o are ! individuals :o salute him4 ,t great fat man :o /&s b[+ & smil+ is a #bbd m]*ant ( "s weal?2 8 wife has be5 9 ! hospital2 %e has be5 t5d$ by ,dr4 ,ma9 & by 8 skill has be5 cur$4 ,t old woman :o /&s by him smil+ is ano!r ex-pati5t4 ,t "y man ) an intellectual face & a d>k robe is an old m$ical /ud5t1 n[ a doctor himself ) a l>ge practice1 & he has settl$ ne> ,dr4 ,ma9's hospital4 ,& s 8 "w increases & gr[s & ! good he does mu/ live aft] him4 ,he takes u into ! out-pati5ts' room2 !y are a motley cr[d1 ) /rapp+s & b&ages on v>i\s p>ts ( _! p]sons4 ,:ile !y are sitt+ !re a lay-read] exp\nds to !m ! elem5ts ( ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,:at a contra/ to _! m9ds mu/ be ! pla9 =cible tea*+ & ! simple effective rem$ies & m$ic9es ( ! ,*ri/ians to ! incantations & nause\s comp\nds ( _! native doctors4 ,!re is a great d\bt z to :at is ! nature ( _m ( ! ,*9ese drugs4 ,!y always prescribe a va/ numb]1 _m ( :i* are app>5tly innocu\s 9 _! effect2 !y always give !m 9 l>ge quantities1 & d n 9 any way attempt to isolate & extract ! active prop]ties ( ! ?+s !y use4 ,y see a man eat+ a l>ge b[l ( "s nause\s comp\nd & y are told he is tak+ ,*9ese m$ic9e4 ,y ask a capta9 :at 8 c>go consi/s (1 & he tells y t x is l>gely made up ( ,*9ese m$ic9e4 ,"s ( ! m$ic9e seems to be prescrib$ on ! pr9ciple ( our old h]bals2 t is1 !re is a fanci$ resemblance betwe5 ! plant & ! disease4 ,o!rs seem to #bbe come f well-kn[n rem$ies adm9i/]$ 9 v>i\s ways2 gr\nd-up de]'s horns f ! m\nta9s ( ,sib]ia has probably mu* ! same effect z *alk has 9 our ph>macopoeia4 ,b !re also seems to be "s possibility t ! ,*9ese doctors h c]ta9 useful rem$ies :i* are unkn[n to ,we/]n m$ic9e4 ,!re is a /range /ory told 9 ,%anghai ab\t a c]ta9 rem$y = a horrible disease call$ sprue4 ,! /ory is well kn[n to e resid5t 9 ,%anghai1 /ill x w be> repetition4 ,a c]ta9 quack call$ ,fr5* ,pet]--,i d n "k 8 prop] "n--habitually cur$ sprue4 ,cases :i* ,engli% doctors _h absolutely fail$ to cure1 & :i* ?reat5$ ru9+ a c>e] or loss ( life1 he cur$ 9 a few weeks4 ,he _h two rem$ies--a :ite p[d] & a black draught4 ,he himself 0 a mo/ unattractive-look+ man4 ,my in=mant told me t 8 c>e] 0 be+ ?reat5$ by ?is horrible disease1 & t he 0 expect+ to leave ,*9a 9 a week or two1 :5 "s "o sugge/$ t he %\ld try ,fr5* ,pet]4 ,:5 !y met1 ,fr5* ,pet]'s appe>ance 0 s unprepossess+ t ! sick man's c\rage ne>ly fail$ him4 ,he _h be5 = weeks on a milk diet1 & ! fir/ ?+ t ! man said to him 01 ,look "h1 take ^! m$ic9es & g & h a good beef/eak = lun*eon4 ,he decid$ to try !m4 ,he ate 8 beef/eak1 he took ! :ite p[d] & ! black draught1 & ,i ?9k )9 ?ree weeks 0 q well4 ,fr5* ,pet] w\ld #bbf nev] tell 8 secret or :]e he got 8 rem$ies2 at lea/ he us$ to give diff]5t acc\nts to diff]5t p4 ,i believe he is n[ dead1 b on talk+ ! matt] ov] ) "s ,*9ese fri5ds !y assur$ me t ! rem$ies 7 well kn[n to ,*9ese doctors1 & t ,fr5* ,pet] _h got !m f "o ( _! compatriots4 ,dr4 ,ma9 deals ) 8 pati5ts 9 ! same *e]y way t he addresses e "o2 a ^w or two suffices to discov] ! nature ( _! ailm5t4 ,if ! case is v s]i\s1 ! pati5t is deta9$ = fur!r exam9ation2 if x is trivial1 x is att5d$ to at once by a native dress]4 ,= ! re/ he himself prescribes4 ,!n he takes u up to ! w>ds1 & expla9s t ! great difficulty is to get ! ,*9ese to c>e = cleanl9ess4 ,t is ! same /ory 9 e hospital2 !y _c believe x matt]s v mu* :e!r ! ?+ is kept clean or n4 ,! m$ical /ud5ts w proce$ to h&le any?+ aft] !y h wa%$ _! h&s & ?9k t ! previ\s wa%+ insures asepticism1 reg>dless ( ! fact t !y h t\*$ _m septic ?+s4 ,dr4 ,ma9's hospital is typical ( mission hospitals--,dr4 ,*ri/ie's hospital at ,mukd51 ,dr4 ,gillison's at ,hank[1 ,dr4 ,co*rane's at ,pek+1 & _m o!rs4 ,!re are also hospitals = wom54 ,we saw _m2 ! fir/ we visit$1 ! ,presbyt]ian ,hospital at ,canton1 0 a good example1 impress+ u n only by its effici5cy1 b also by ! great s]vice x p]=m$ to ! suff]+ #bbg masses ( ,*9a by tra9+ wom5 doctors1 :o are p]mitt$ to m9i/] to _! si/]s :5 etiquette does n p]mit ( male m$ical att5dance4 ,! lady :o %[$ u r\nd ! hospital spoke ,engli% flu5tly2 %e 0 dress$ 9 ! dress ( ! ,cantonese woman1 :i* suit$ h] pr(ession admirably1 z x consi/$ ( a long black coat & tr\s]s4 ,"s hospitals are res]v$ = ! v poor2 at ,nank+1 = in/ance1 ,dr4 ,mackl9 %[$ u ov] 8 begg> hospital4 ,he foll[s ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan mo/ lit]ally1 & :]ev] he f9ds a poor1 />v+1 dy+ man1 he br+s him 94 ,cle>ly he _c af=d any?+ b a limit$ accommodation = ^! poor creatures1 b he is on ! :ole mo/ successful1 & !re is _m a man :om pov]ty _h br\ght ne> to dea? ^: life he has sav$4 ,z "o look$ at ^? types ( suff]+ humanity & realis$ ! good t ,dr4 ,mackl9 0 do+1 "o felt t ! days ( sa9tly s]vice 7 n ov] yet4 ,ano!r beautiful "w is ,dr4 ,ma9's lep] hospital at ,hang*[4 ,x 0 a weird & /range exp]i5ce to he> ^? lep]s s++ our old ,engli% hymns4 ,leprosy1 z my read]s d\btless "k1 does n (t5 leave op5 sores2 x sl[ly eats away ! body :ile x leaves ! sk9 intact2 & s y see m5 )\t h&s & arms yet ) f+] nails ^u ! /ump1 bl9d m5 )\t noses1 & v commonly m5 ^: voices are crack$ & brok54 ,^! lep]s are h\s$ 9 an old temple1 9 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful situations 9 ,*9a--a #bbh situation :i* is suppos$ to be ! orig9al ( ! l&scape on ! old will[ patt]n plates2 & ! beauty ( _! surr\nd+s contra/s /rangely ) _! hide\s =ms & h>% voices4 ,!re 0 an inf9ite pa?os :5 by t blue lake & purple m\nta91 ^? h>% b pla9tive voices sang ! old tune ( ,jesu1 lov] ( my s\l2 & ?\gh we c\ld n foll[ ! ,*9ese words1 ! faces ( ^! poor suff]]s 7 eloqu5t 9 express+ h[ fully !y felt ! mean+ ( t hymn4 ,b above all we %\ld m5tion ! great "w t is be+ c>ri$ on by ,dr4 ,co*rane at ,pek+4 ,he has manag$ to induce all ! m$ical missions 9 ,pek+ to unite 9 f\nd+ a great hospital--a hospital :i* has receiv$ ! approval ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is successful example ( f$]ation has solv$ a difficult problem4 ,no d\bt ! effici5cy ( m$ical missions 9 _m a t[n is imp$$ by _! want ( unity4 ,a mission body w op5 a m$ical mission1 & w s5d out a doctor or ev5 two 9 *>ge2 "o doctor mu/ g on 8 furl\gh1 ano!r is p]haps ill1 & ! result is t ! mission is clos$4 ,! comm]cial community are r ready to po9t out t ! mission hospital is clos$ 9 ! summ] :5 !re is ! greate/ ne$ = x4 ,! answ] to ! taunt is ! policy ( f$]ation4 ,:ile x is next to impossible to keep op5 ! mission hospitals 9 an unheal?y climate ) a limit$ /aff1 x is p]fectly possible to d x if ! /aff is increas$4 ,e doctor 9 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,*9a mu/ #bbi h a c]ta9 p]iod ( re/1 o!rwise he w n be able to /& ! en]vat+ effects ( a semi-tropical climate2 & h[ev] possible x is to keep :ite m5 at "w = ?ree or f\r ye>s )\t a holiday1 & ,i "k comm]cial p claim t ?is has be5 done 9 c]ta9 individual in/ances1 x is 9 reality ! v poore/ economy4 ,! mission doctor is f> too valuable a p]son to h 8 life ca/ away by su* a fooli% policy ( extravagance4 ,he mu/ h 8 re/ e ye> & 8 furl\gh e sev5 ye>s4 ,b x is n necess>y t ! hospitals %\ld be clos$ if ! /aff is big en\gh2 a c]ta9 numb] ( ! hospital /aff c g on leave1 & :5 !y are re/$1 c come back & all[ o!rs to g 9 _! turn4 ,dr4 ,co*rane has %[n at ,pek+ t su* f$]ation is possible1 & ! ,*9a ,em]g5cy ,committee is mak+ e ef=t to enc\rage a simil> f$]ation 9 o!r p>ts ( ,*9a4 ,m$ical missions are spl5did examples ( ,*ri/ian *>ity & love1 b !y are r sad examples ( ! lack ( unity among ,*ri/ian m54 ,analog\s to ! m$ical mission are ! missions to ! bl9d & ! deaf4 ,! bl9d are a /rik+ example ( h[ ,*ri/ianity alleviates mis]y1 = ! bl9d 9 ,*9a le>n to read m quickly ?an ^? :o h sight4 ,! tea*]s ( ! bl9d h inv5t$ a sy/em ( rais$ type by :i* ! ,*9aman c read e ^w t is pron\nc$ 9 ,*9ese4 ,x is n our lett] sy/em1 :i* !y #bcj w\ld f9d difficult to und]/&1 b some?+ aft] ! nature ( ! ,japanese sy/em4 ,ea* syllable is repres5t$ by a sign2 s1 /range z x may appe>1 ! bl9d man n hav+ to /udy ! "* le>ns to read m quickly ?an ! man ) normal sight4 ,!re is an excell5t s*ool = ! bl9d at ,pek+1 "u ,dr4 ,murray's sup]9t5d5ce4 ,!re is ano!r at ,hank[1 :]e we saw a mo/ /rik+ in/ance ( ! beauty ( hol9ess4 ,"o ( ! ma/]s at ?is bl9d s*ool 0 a bl9d man himself2 he 0 a mo/ ard5t ,*ri/ian2 he _h be5 taught to play ! organ1 :i*1 inde$1 is a speciality at t s*ool1 _m ( ! organi/s 9 ! mission *ur*es 9 ,hank[ com+ f x1 & "o c\ld n look ^u 8 face )\t feel+ a conviction t 8 spiritual vision 0 z cle> z 8 physical sight 0 d>k4 ,!re is a f\r? reason1 & "o :i* applies z mu* to educational missions z to m$ical missions1 :y bo? are fitt+ & prop] ways to tea* ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ianity claims to & does b5efit ! :ole ( man1 n m]ely 8 spiritual side4 ,mank9d _c prop]ly be cut up & divid$ into _s1 m9d1 & body4 ,he is ess5tially "o1 & x is mo/ necess>y t ^? :o are le>n+ ab\t our religion1 %\ld und]/& t :ile we claim e b5efit %\ld come f ! spiritual "p ( our nature1 we are prep>$ to %[ t we 9 no wise despise ! body1 :i* ne$s religi\s c>e z mu* z ! s\l4 ,nei!r are we c>eless ab\t ! #bca m9d4 ,s ! ?ree p>ts ( mission "w g h& 9 h&1 = prea*+ & pray] w heal ! ills ( ! s\l1 ! m$ical mission deals ) ! ills ( ! body1 & ! educational mission makes ! m9d heal?y & /rong4 ,we %all deal ) ! educational side ( mission "w lat] on4 #bcb ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,movem5t ,,9 ,,korea ,,& ,,man*uria ,"o ( ! movem5ts :i* w affect ,*ri/ianity all ov] ! ,ea/ has _h its orig9 9 ,korea4 ,j z ! suff]+ & mis]able he>t ( ! individual man is t :i* ,*ri/ianity f9ds mo/ suitable = its home1 s x is ) a nation4 ,x is at ! mom5t ( national adv]sity & humiliation t religi\s movem5ts mo/ readily rise4 ,korea _h look$ ^u h]self z ! equal ( ,japan4 ,f ,korea came mu* ( ! civilisation :i* adorn$ ,japan be=e ! great ,we/]n movem5t4 ,:5 ,pr9ce ,ito ) ! eyes ( a /atesman 0 realis+ t ,japan mu/ ei!r accept ! dom9ation ( ! ,we/ or its civilisation1 ,korea 0 immovably entr5*$ 9 h] belief 9 h] national greatness & 9 h] contempt = ! ,we/]n _w4 ,s ,we/]nis$ ,japan has ov]come h] anci5t rival & tea*]1 & ,korea is humbl$ to ! v du/4 ,9 _m ways t humiliation is r5d]$ m poignant ow+ to ! lack ( sympa?y betwe5 ! races4 ,?\gh !y bo? h tak5 _! civilisation f ,*9a & h a common classical lit]ature1 !y are diametrically oppos$ 9 _m ?+s4 ,! ,japanese are ess5tially a clean race4 #bcc ,!y wa% con/antly2 !y w n ent] a h\se ) _! %oes on _! feet4 ,no "o :o kn[s !m w accuse ! ,koreans ( excess 9 cleanl9ess4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,japanese v frequ5tly lack mode/y4 ,_m are ! /ories t resid5ts w tell2 & we h se5 ! ,japanese wom5 clo!d 9 ! g>b ( ,eve appe> 9 ! public ba? & ev5 9 ! /reet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,koreans may be corrupt & immoral1 b !y are mode/4 ,! wom5 ( ,se\l z !y walk ?r\gh ! /reets cov] _! faces ) _! gre5 cloaks1 till "o almo/ ?9ks "o mu/ be 9 a ,mohamm$an l&4 ,^? gre5 cloaks are a p]petual rem9d] ( ! anci5t ho/ility betwe5 ! races4 ,! picturesque /ory is wor? tell+4 ,! ,japanese1 kn[+ ( ! abs5ce ( ! ,korean armies1 det]m9$ to surprise ,se\l4 ,!y ?\ght !y _h succe$$1 :5 to _! amazem5t !y saw ! walls ( ,se\l cov]$ ) :at !y took = w>like ,koreans4 ,! ready wit ( ! wom5 _h sav$ _! t[n4 ,!y _h dress$ !mselves 9 _! husb&s' clo!s & s deceiv$ _! h]$it>y foes4 ,! ,emp]or rew>d$ !m by giv+ !m ! "r to we> ! man's gre5 coat1 :i* !y we> n 9 coat fa%ion1 b ov] _! heads1 ! sleeves p>tially veil+ _! faces2 & z "o w&]s d[n ! ma9 /reet ( ,se\l & wat*es ! mode/ b gaily-dress$ cr[d ( ,koreans--! wom5 9 _! gre5 coats ) r$ ribbons1 ! m5 9 :ite g>m5ts we>+ _! curi\s top-knots #bcd & qua9t hats--"o und]/&s ! antipa?y !y mu/ feel = ! %ort1 muscul>1 sob]ly-dress$ ,japanese :o by 8 c\rage & d>+ has subdu$ !m & n[ tramples on _! national susceptibilities & ignores _! national rights4 ,!re are sev]al missions 9 ,korea1 b !re is "o :i*1 prim facie1 w\ld call = no special rem>k4 ,x m9i/]s to ! :ite-rob$ ,koreans 9 ! same way t _m ano!r mission m9i/]s to ^! ,ea/]n peoples--tea*+ & prea*+4 ,ext]nally !re is no?+ exceptional ab\t ! mission>ies4 ,i w n say t _! mission is un9t]e/+1 b x is unexcit+4 ,!y are ,am]icans by nationality & ,scot* by "n & blood1 & !y foll[ ! national ,presbyt]ian fai? ) all its cauti\s tea*+1 ) all its prim simplicity4 ,no "o w\ld reg>d !m z ! mission t 0 likely to create a great excitem5t or raise a great en?usiasm1 nei!r inde$ d !y s reg>d !mselves4 ,_! conception ( mission "w 0 ! s5sible & reasonable plan ( conv]t+ a suffici5t numb] to make !m tea*]s & prea*]s1 & !n hav+ educat$ !m1 to s5d !m out to conv]t _! own fell[-c\ntrym54 ,9 #aijf & ! beg9n+ ( #aijg !y 7 fill$ ) d>k =ebod+s = ! future ( ,korea4 ,! tempor>y occupation ( ,korea by ! ,japanese 0 obvi\sly go+ to be *ang$ into a p]man5cy4 ,! murd] ( ! ,que5 _h %[n :at ! ,japanese w\ld d1 & ! victory ov] ,russia _h %[n :at !y #bce c\ld d4 ,korea 0 at _! m]cy4 ,subdu$ yet n conqu]$ 9 _s1 ! mission>ies1 kn[+ _! p well1 =esaw t a bitt] friction mu/ arise betwe5 ! two races2 t rebellions & ! consequ5t fi]ce repression mu/ br+ to _! infant *ur* a "t ( great tr\ble2 & s1 l ! wise ,*ri/ian m5 t !y 71 !y took !mselves to ! ,*ri/ian's weapon1 namely1 pray]4 ,!y e>ne/ly pray$ t 9 "s way a great bless+ %\ld fall on _! conv]ts4 ,t pray] 0 seem+ly unansw]$1 ! grasp ( ,japan 0 n relax$4 ,except = ! wisdom & g5tl5ess ( ! great ,pr9ce ,ito1 !re 0 no?+ b oppression & suff]+s = ! ,koreans4 ,! ,japanese army _h le>nt n only _! milit>y art b _! /atecraft 9 ,g]many1 & ! latt] is traditionally h>%4 ,break1 cru%1 & bully are ! maxims :i* f9d g5]al acceptance 9 ! ,prussian ,c\rt4 ,pr9ce ,ito1 h[ev]1 0 a great admir] ( ,engli% imp]ial policy ) its maxims ( ju/ice to ! weak1 m]cy to ! conqu]$1 & rev]5ce = all national traditions2 b ,pr9ce ,ito c\ld n control ! ,japanese soldi]s1 & ! moans ( ! oppress$ ,koreans e*o$ ?r\gh\t h] l&4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aijg ! ,presbyt]ian ,mission held :at is call$ its c\ntry class--t is to say1 t ! m5 :o _h be5 conv]t$ 7 summon$ f all ! c\ntry villages to ! t[n ( ,py5g-,yang1 & !re !y att5d$ = sev]al days' in/ructions 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,?is #bcf excell5t rule enables ,*ri/ians :o believe b :o are ignorant to acquire a m ultimate k ( ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,^! meet+s are :olly unemotional2 !y are 9 no s5se revival meet+s1 nor ev5 devotional2 !y are ess5tially educational4 ,_! object is to tea* & n to excite4 ,= ! ,scotti%-,am]ican has a d\ble national tradition t k is /r5g?4 ,^! meet+s _h be5 held "o or two days2 !y _h foll[$ _! usual unev5tful if b5eficial c\rse1 & %[$ e probability ( end+ z !y _h begun1 :5 "o ( ! ,koreans rose f ! c5tre ( ! room & int]rupt$ ! ord9>y c\rse ( ! meet+ by ask+ leave to speak4 ,z he insi/$1 p]mission 0 giv5 him4 ,he decl>$ t he _h a s9 on 8 consci5ce t =bade him li/5+ to ! tea*+ ( ! mission>ies 9 peace1 & t fur!r he mu/ decl>e ?is s94 ,! ,presbyt]ian mission>ies d n enc\rage ?is k9d ( op5 confession ( s91 b /ill to get on ) ! meet+ & to quiet him !y gave him leave to speak4 ,he !n decl>$ t he _h felt "s mon?s ago a feel+ ( bitt]ness t[>ds "o ( ! mission>ies1 a ,mr4 ,blair1 :o 0 our in=mant4 ,mr4 ,blair assur$ him t s f> f feel+ t !re 0 any ne$ = ?is confession he reg>d$ ! matt] z trivial1 & hop+ aga9 to br+ ! meet+ back to ! po9t he sugge/$ t !y %\ld say ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,h>dly _h he utt]$ 9 ,korean ! words ,our ,fa!r1 :5 #bcg a sudd5 emotion seem$ to ru% ov] all ^? :o 7 !re pres5t4 ,! mission>ies describ$ x z at once "o ( ! mo/ awful & "o ( ! mo/ my/]i\s mom5ts ( _! lives4 ,!y 7 n revivali/s2 !y _h n enc\rag$ x2 !y did n believe 9 x2 !y dislik$ an emotional religion ) :i* !y _h no sympa?y2 & "h !y 7 9 ! face ( a movem5t :i* 0 beyond1 n only _! exp]i5ce1 b t ( ! greate/ revivali/s4 ,!y tri$ to /op x1 b unavail+ly4 ,! ,koreans1 unlike ! ,*9ese1 always sit ^u ! floor1 & z ! mission>ies look$ out ov] ! meet+ f ! plat=m on :i* !y /ood1 !y saw ! faces ( _! conv]ts rack$ ) e =m ( m5tal angui%4 ,"s 7 sw++ !mselves =w>d /rik+ _! heads on ! gr\nd1 hop+1 z x 71 to obta9 by ins5sibility peace f _! tortur+ ?\ghts2 "s 7 9 ! pres5ce ( an awful t]ror2 "s 7 leap+ up dem&+ to be he>d1 long+ to free _! s\ls f ! weight !y felt w\ld cru% !m2 o!rs ) set faces 7 resolutely det]m9$ n to yield to ! inspiration ( ! _s :i* sugge/$ t !y %\ld ga9 relief by frank confession4 ,! mission>ies hav+ fail$ to br+ ! meet+ to a close1 submitt$ to :at !y felt 0 ! w ( a high] ,be+1 & ! meet+ w5t on till fatigue produc$ a tempor>y & a p>tial re/4 ,?\gh ! meet+ 0 clos$1 ! mission>ies le>nt aft]w>ds t _m #bch ,koreans w5t on all ?r\gh ! night 9 agonis$ pray]4 ,! next day !y hop$ ! ?+ 0 ov]1 & t ! incid5t might be reckon$ among ^? /range exp]i5ces :i* work]s 9 ! mission field mu/ occasionally expect to enc\nt]2 b n s--! meet+ next night 0 ! same z its pr$ecessor4 ,!y notic$ sev]al int]e/+ facts4 ,"o1 = in/ance1 01 t ! wom5 7 f> less affect$ ?an ! m54 ,! movem5t did n rea* !m till lat]1 & nev] s fully4 ,ano!r rem>kable ?+ ab\t ?is movem5t 0 t ?\gh ! ,me?odi/s are by tradition a revivali/ body1 & ?\gh !y h a vigor\s mission work+ 9 t t[n1 yet ! revival only spread to _! conv]ts aft] _m days1 & !n nei!r ) ! spontaneity nor ! fire ) :i* x _h be5 manife/$ 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,mission4 ,( ! reality ( ! confession ( s9 !re c\ld be no d\bt4 ,"o man1 = in/ance1 confess$ to hav+ /ol5 gold f a local gold-m9+ company1 & produc$ ! w$ge ( gold :i* he _h /ol51 & ask$ !m to treat him z he des]v$4 ,! manag] ( ! company luckily 0 a ,european1 :o wisely refus$ to puni% a man :o _h s spontane\sly confess$ 8 !ft4 ,_m ( ! s9s t 7 confess$ w\ld n be> repetition4 ,"s confess$ ev5 to su* awful s9s z t ( murd] ( p>5ts4 ,"o man 9 p>ticul>1 a tru/$ s]vant ( ! mission1 resi/$ confession1 & day by day #bci became m & m rack$ ) m5tal agony1 till ! mission>ies fe>$ t 8 heal? w\ld n endure ! t]rible /ra9 ( su* m5tal angui%1 & !y advis$ him to make a free confession ( 8 s9s4 ,at la/ he came to !m ) a sum ( money 9 8 h&2 he _h rais$ x by sell+ "s h\ses :i* he _h b\ght z a provision = 8 old age1 & he confess$ to ! s9 t 0 tortur+ him4 ,he _h done :at is con/antly done 9 ! ,ea/--he _h peculat$4 ,8 position _h be5 t ( an ag5t :om ! mission>ies employ to make _m ( _! small paym5ts1 & out ( ea* ( ^! paym5ts he _h tak5 a squeeze4 ,) ^! he _h b\ght ! h\ses :i* n[ he _h sold4 ,he left ! mission>ies happy 9 he>t ?\gh empty 9 pocket4 ,?is movem5t spread m or less ov] ! ,presbyt]ian missions 9 ,korea1 b nev] ) su* int5sity z manife/$ at ,py5g-,yang4 ,we he>d x spok5 ( by a non-,*ri/ian ,korean1 a memb] ( ! ,c\rt ( ! ,emp]or ( ,korea4 ,he _h he>d ( x1 & said m5 7 say+ ?is movem5t is a wond]ful ?+1 = "u its influ5ce m5 confess$ crimes ( :i* ev5 torture w\ld n h induc$ !m to own !mselves guilty4 ,a ,*9ese m]*ant also he>d ( x 9 ,man*uria4 ,! man came d[n to ,py5g-,yang1 & happ5$ to /op ) ! ,*9ese m]*ants4 ,he m5tion$ t !re 7 ,*ri/ians 9 ,man*uria1 & ! ,*9ese m]*ants imm$iately took an int]e/4 ,:5 he ask$ :at #bdj !y knew ( ! ,*ri/ians1 !y answ]$1 ,good m51 good m54 ,"o ( !m 0 ow$ by a ,korean tw5ty doll>s1 :o w\ld only all[ t he ow$ t51 & ! m]*ant hav+ no means ( r$ress1 _h writt5 (f ! debt2 b :5 ?is revival took place1 ! ,korean came ) ! o!r t5 doll>s toge!r ) int]e/1 & :at ( c\rse w\ld appeal ev5 m to ! ,ea/]n m9d1 ) ! frank confession t he _h li$4 ,?is practical illu/ration ( ! effects ( ,*ri/ianity greatly impress$ ! ,*9ese4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ,py5g-,yang ! movem5t 0 ov]4 ,we w5t to "s ( _! meet+s4 ,!y 7 v common-place ord9>y meet+s4 ,all t /ruck u 0 t !re 0 a tone ( rev]5ce1 a s5se ( reality1 :i* made "o feel t ,*ri/ianity 0 z s9c]e 9 ,korea z x is 9 our own l&4 ,! movem5t has spread f ,korea to ,man*uria4 ,9 ,man*uria ! movem5t _h n q ! same spontaneity t x _h 9 ,korea2 x sav\r$ m ( ! revival meet+s ( ! ,we/4 ,x ne$$ ! /irr+ words ( a great prea*]1 ,mr4 ,g(or?1 to />t x1 yet !re 7 "o or two curi\s manife/ations ( p[]4 ,"o is wor? tell+4 ,"o bro!r 0 he>d expo/ulat+ ) ano!r2 he 0 ask+ :y 8 bro!r _h1 =getful ( 8 family dignity or face1 confess$ to s9s :i* br\ght n only himself b 8 family into disrespect4 ,! o!r answ]$1 ,:5 ! ,_s ( ,god takes hold ( a man1 he _c help speak+4 #bda ,two /ill m curi\s in/ances are wor? record+3 "o 9 :i* two soldi]s :o 7 n ,*ri/ians 7 s mov$ t !y confess$ _! s9s2 ano!r :i* seems to prove ! pres5ce ( a =ce ext]ior to human influ5ce or to ! emotions caus$ by eloqu5ce or mov+ hymns4 ,an eld] ( ! ,*ur* _h =gott5 or be5 deta9$ f go+ to "o ( ^! meet+s2 :5 ! speak]s w5t to inquire next day :y he _h n be5 !re1 he ask$ !m 9 return to tell him :at !y _h done at ! meet+1 & !y told him t _m p _h confess$ _! s9s4 ,he 0 deeply int]e/$1 & said3 ,i 0 sitt+ 9 my h\se at ! h\r ( y\r meet+2 ,i sudd5ly felt z if all my s9s 7 laid be=e me1 & ,i realis$ z ,i _h nev] done be=e my _m %ortcom+s4 ,& s ! movem5t has spread ?r\gh ,man*uria to ,*9a4 ,if x has lo/ some?+ ( its fre%ness1 some?+ ( its =ce1 x /ill rema9s a movem5t t may accompli% great ?+s4 ,no "o :o has read ! hi/ory ( ! ,wesleyan movem5t1 & ( ! wond]ful manife/ations t accompani$ its comm5cem5t1 w look )\t int]e/ & expectation = ! "w :i* ?is movem5t may accompli%4 ,let u hope t x w br+ to ,*9a a s5se ( reality 9 spiritual ?+s :i* ! pres5t mat]iali/ tea*+ ?reat5s to elim9ate f h] national life4 #bdb ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,*9a ,at ! great ,%anghai ,conf]5ce we always spoke ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 imply+ !reby t !re 0 to be "o ,*ri/ian body 9 ! ,*9ese empire4 ,?is ideal is l(ty & n impossible4 ,!re is a reasonable expectation t ! great intellectual movem5t 9 ,*9a w r5d] ! ,*9ese v ready to accept new ideas1 & ! rate ( conv]sion 9 ,*9a gives "o reasonable hope t ! new ideas may be ,*ri/ian & n ^? ( ,we/]n mat]ialism4 ,if ,*9a becomes ,*ri/ian !re w no d\bt be a great t5d5cy to accept ! unity ( ,*ri/ianity z an ess5tial doctr9e4 ,z a race !y cle>ly t5d t[>ds union z mu* z ! ,anglo-,saxon race t5ds t[>ds disunion4 ,! ,briti% empire has be5 held toge!r by its fe> ( its enemies2 ! ,*9ese empire has be5 held toge!r ?r\gh _! natural love ( union1 :i* is ! dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ! race4 ,remove ! enemies ( ! ,briti% empire & %e w naturally divide1 b =ce ! ,*9ese empire ap>t & %e w naturally return to "o body4 ,*9ese ,*ri/ianity w1 if x is truly ,*9ese1 t5d to "o body4 ,?is tru?1 :i* ,i ?9k w\ld h be5 #bdc all[$ by ! :ole ,%anghai ,conf]5ce1 op5s up a tra9 ( ?\ght :i* is full ( =ebod+ & yet ( hope4 ,"o obvi\s criticism ( :at 0 said ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,*9a 0 kept l>gely out ( sight at ! ,%anghai ,conf]5ce1 namely1 t z ! ,roman ,communion f> outnumb]s ! :ole ( ! non-,roman ,communions put toge!r1 ! ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 !re=e1 if x is to consi/ ( all ,*ri/ians1 w be some?+ v diff]5t to :at ! majority ( ^? pres5t at t ,conf]5ce w\ld l4 ,"s m5 ma9ta9 t ! ,*9ese love ( unity w n g s f> z to compel ! union betwe5 ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic1 & t 9 ,*9a ! s*ism :i* has r5t ,*ri/ianity 9 twa9 9 ,europe w be cont9u$4 ,i w\ld ask ^? :o ?9k ?us if !y ?9k ?is is desirable ev5 if x is possible4 ,once =eign influ5ce & support has be5 remov$1 w\ld n su* a division soon produce a /ate ( great friction1 result+ probably 9 ! de/ruction ( ! small] body4 ,b x is mo/ improbable2 a race :i* has habitually put toge!r ,taoism1 ,buddhism1 & ,confucianism w h no difficulty at all 9 unit+ ,romanism & ,prote/antism4 ,i d n mean to say t ,rome w conqu]2 x does n seem likely4 ,! p[] ( ! ,romans is great :5 !y are prea*+ our common ,*ri/ianity1 b _! peculi> doctr9e ( ! pre-em95ce ( ,rome is mo/ unattractive to ! ,*9aman4 ,aft] all1 ,rome is a v small place to a man :o lives 9 ,*9a4 ,?9k h[ little #bdd we "k ( anci5t ,*9ese hi/ory1 & realise h[ little ,*9a kn[s ( ! hi/ory ( our civilisation4 ,home at ! pres5t day is to ! ,*9aman m]ely ! capital ( ,g]many's weake/ ally4 ,! reason+ ( ! univ]sality ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 always faulty1 seems almo/ ridicul\s 9 ,*9a4 ,! ,*9aman on "o side is conv]sant ) ,am]ica1 on ! o!r side %e is 9 t\* ) ,india1 :ile on ! nor? %e has a fronti] :i* /ret*es = ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( miles betwe5 h] & ! great ,or?odox ,*ur* ( ,russia4 ,"o's eyes naturally turn to ?is imm5se l9e ( fronti] betwe5 ,confucianism & ,*ri/ianity1 & "o wond]s h[ any ,*9aman c possibly ?9k ( ,rome z ! "o ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,if ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ) its =eign dom9ation & its tacit acceptance ( ! fact t only memb]s ( ! ,italian nation c receive ,div9e au?ority to guide ! ,*ur* on e>?1 is unattractive to ! m9d ( ! man :o lives 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 on ! o!r h& its ornate & dignifi$ s]vices mu/ be mo/ attractive to a race ^: national philosophy puts pre-em95t weight on dignity & decorum 9 dress & demean\r4 ,if ! ,roman ,*ur* c\ld give up h] ,lat9 s]vices1 c\ld frankly become a national ,*ur* :i* ow$ no ob$i5ce to any ,pontiff outside ,*9a1 "o w\ld regret ! possibility b "o w\ld h to all[ ! probability ( h] complete dom9ation ov] ! ,*9ese empire4 ,aga9 "o's eyes turn to ! nor!rn fronti]1 & "o asks oneself #bde :e!r t great ,or?odox ,*ur*1 ! dignity ( ^: s]vices is )\t p>allel1 & :i* frankly accepts ! national ,*ur* z a reasonable ,*ri/ian position1 w n "o day be a l>ge factor 9 ! future mission>y "w 9 ,*9a4 ,aft] :at we _h se5 & he>d at ! ,c5t5>y ,conf]5ce1 & aft] we _h realis$ ! great ext5t ( ! ,roman "w1 we felt t till "o und]/ood :y ! ,russian ,*ur* conduct$ no mission>y "w "o c\ld n und]/& ! :ole mission>y problem2 = :5 ! ,russian ,*ur* does und]take su* "w1 h] geographical position mu/ r5d] h] important4 ,! :ole ( ?is "q is ( ! greate/ int]e/ to ! /ud5t ( missions1 b especially to an ,anglican4 ,! great value ( ! ,anglican position has always seem$ t1 to use an election phrase1 we (f] a plat=m on :i* all ^? :o call !mselves ,*ri/ian might possibly unite4 ,! great r5t :i* divides ,prote/ant f ,ca?olic seems n only to make x impossible = ,lat9 ,*ri/ians to unite ) ! ,teuton ,prote/ant ,*ur*es1 b also r5d]s x h>d = ! latt] to unite ) ! great ,*ur*es ( ,ea/]n ,europe4 ,( c\rse all ?is has only an academic int]e/ 9 ,engl&1 b 9 ,*9a ) its rapidly gr[+ ,*ri/ianity & an intellectual revolution surg+ =w>d to unkn[n possibilities1 all ?is is ( vital int]e/4 ,:at w ,*9ese ,*ri/ianity be8 ,is x to be an ornate ,*ri/ianity to :i* ! conv]ts #bdf ( ,rome & possibly ! conv]ts ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur* w adh]e1 an ornate ,*ur* sulli$ no d\bt ) ! faults ( h] p>5ts1 a ,*ur* possibly attractive to ! ,buddhi/1 = he w n ne$ to trav]se any great di/ance 9 ?\ght to ent] h] portals2 or is x to be a great ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 cold & b>e1 vigor\s & en]getic1 a ,*ur* 9 :i* ! uni=m ( ! ,teuton m9d w sit badly on ! ,*9ese conv]t1 a ,*ur* :i* may 9 _m ?+s repres5t truly ! w ( our mutual ,ma/]1 b a ,*ur* :i* leaves ! ,ori5tal cold & mis]able1 :ile x practically te>s f our ,bible ^? endless *apt]s on ! decoration ( ,temple & ,tab]nacle1 ^? con/ant comm&s to an exact & ord]$ ritual4 ,i write ) :at ! ,g]mans call objectivity2 ! ,teuton )9 me dislikes ritual2 b ! ,*9aman is no ,teuton1 & ! ,*9aman loves ritual z mu* z any man on e>?4 ,no "o :o has be5 receiv$ by a ,*9ese ,vic]oy 9 8 ,yam5 c h ! v slighte/ d\bt on ?is subject4 ,if ! ,prote/ant bodies hope to =ce on ! ,*9ese a non-ornate =m ( ,*ri/ianity1 !y w be do+ exactly :at ! ,italian ,*ur* did to ! ,nor!rn races1 & :i* produc$ ! great upheaval ( ! ,re=mation4 ,! ,re=mation 0 ess5tially ! rebellion ( ! ,teuton m9d aga9/ a =c$ acceptance ( ! ,italian view ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,to =ce on ! ,*9ese conv]ts a ,*ri/ianity %orn ( all ritual & display w produce 9 ye>s to come "s simil> upheaval4 #bdg ,!re is yet a ?ird possibility4 ,! ,anglican position af=ds ! means ( avoid+ su* an upheaval1 & ( p]mitt+ a union ( all ,*ri/ians on ! basis ( an ornate s]vice & evangelical ,*ri/ianity4 ,= :ile x p]mits a s]vice equal 9 dignity to t ( ,rome or ( ,russia1 x insi/s equally ) ! bodies :o pride !mselves on ! "n ( ,prote/ant on ! supreme value ( ! ,bible4 ,! v hope ,i h t ,*ri/ianity w conqu] ,*9a makes me fe>ful = ! future4 ,! age ( p]secution is pa/1 ! blood ( ! m>tyrs has be5 %$1 & ! se$ ( a ,*ur* freely s[n4 ,b aft] ! age ( p]secution comes ! age ( h]esy1 & to pres]ve ,*ri/ianity 9 ,*9a f future dang]s1 n only is union necess>y1 b a well-ord]$ ,*ur* b\nd by cre$s1 respect+ tradition1 :i* %all embrace all ^? ,*ri/ians by :omsoev] !y h be5 conv]t$ :o love ! "n ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! great dang] ,i fe> = ! future ,*ur* 9 ,*9a is "o ( ,ea/]n & n ,we/]n orig94 ,i d n fe> ! dom9ation ( ,rome4 ,i d\bt t ! ,prote/ant ,communions w succe$ 9 ultimately p]suad+ ! ,*9ese to wor%ip ,god 9 a b>e build+ & )\t ve/m5ts4 ,*9a & ,japan w1 if !y are conqu]$ by ,*ri/ianity1 be nei!r ,prote/ant nor ,ca?olic any m ?an we are ,ne/orian or ,euty*ian4 ,_! divisions1 _! dang]s1 _! /ruggles1 w arise f a :olly diff]5t set ( circum/ances4 ,i fe> #bdh ! dang]s w come f an ef=t to incorporate ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity 9 "o religion4 ,?is is all ! m probable z x has d\btless happ5$ be=e4 ,ne/orianism & ,buddhism are ! probable p>5ts ( ! pres5t ,*9ese ,lamaism4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n giv5 = u to see into ! future1 b we c look back into ! pa/1 & we c see t our pr$ecessors 9 ! fai? ne>ly inv>iably made ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t ! old dang]s 7 go+ to recur1 & ( !re=e dep5d+ on ! old measures ( def5ce4 ,! future ,*ur* 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ mu/ fight h] own battles4 ,%e mu/ solve h] own problems4 ,all we c d is to h& ov] to h] ! tru? 9 all its fulness1 & tea* h] to look = div9e guidance1 to =get su* words z ,prote/ant1 ,roman ,ca?olic1 ,noncon=mi/1 & ,anglican2 to le>n m]ely ! ^w ,*ri/ian & ! ^w ,love4 ,if ,f> ,ea/]n ,*ri/ianity w h its battles to fight1 x w h also its message to give to ! ,we/1 t !y )\t u %\ld n be made p]fect4 ,x may be t ! message ( ! ,ea/ to ! ,we/ w be t z ,god is ,"o1 s mu/ ,8 foll[]s be2 t /rong & mighty z is ! ,we/1 !re is 9 h] an elem5t ( ! v greate/ weakness2 t ! discord t reigns betwe5 ,*ri/ian & ,*ri/ian1 betwe5 race & race1 betwe5 class & class1 is n ! w ( ! ,creator1 b is ! result ( ! national s9s ( ! :ite races4 ,! ,f> ,ea/1 ) its great] p[] ( unity1 #bdi may illum9e ! ,we/ ) a high] conception ( ?is great virtue1 & ! _w may be a f> holi] & happi] place :5 ! yell[ race has prea*$ to ! _w ! great doctr9e ( peace on e>? & goodwill to m54 #bec ,,! ,,new ,,& ,,! ,,old ,,le>n+ ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,education1 ,,*iefly ,,mission>y ,i h be=e _h occasion to ref] to ! great influ5ce education has _h on ! awak5+ ( ,*9a1 & ,i ?9k ! ,am]icans c fairly claim to h be5 ! greate/ work]s 9 ?is field4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olics h f "t immemorial be5 mo/ c>eful to tra9 *ildr5 9 ,*ri/ian tru?1 & !y h wond]ful in/itutions = ?is purpose4 ,9 #aheb ! ,jesuits f\nd$ ! ,college ( ,/4 ,ignatius = ! education ( native prie/s1 & s9ce t day !y h f\nd$ _m educational in/itutions4 ,!y h besides a v l>ge numb] ( prim>y s*ools1 int5d$ orig9ally m]ely to pres]ve _! conv]ts f too intimate contact ) ! hea!n _w1 & !y h also _m high] s*ools4 ,9 ^? s*ools !y tea* mod]n k1 mak+ a speciality ( tea*+ ,fr5*1 :i* !y c d ) great effici5cy1 z _m ( _! numb] belong to ! ,fr5* nation4 ,9 ! ,g]man sph]e ( influ5ce !re are ,ca?olic s*ools :]e ,g]man is taught2 b ?\gh ! "w is excell5t1 x _c be comp>$ ) ! "w ( ! ,am]icans1 :o 7 really ! pione]s ( high] education 9 ,*9a4 #bed ,:5 ! ,am]ican mission>ies began to arrive1 a new dep>ture 0 inaugurat$ 9 education4 ,! s*ool & college 7 no long] places :]e ,*ri/ians 7 simply educat$2 !y 7 places :]e ,*ri/ians1 confid5t 9 ! tru? ( _! tea*+1 gave away to hea!n & ,*ri/ian alike all ! k t ! ,we/ possess$4 ,! conception 0 bold2 x 0 gr&4 ,x %[$ a /atesmanlike grip ( ! situation & a c\rage :i* c only come f a consci\sness ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,*ri/ian position1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 n a n>r[ religion fe>+ free inquiry4 ,*ri/ianity1 on ! contr>y1 0 a religion :i* c\ld only be appreciat$ by ^? :o _h ! v fulle/ k4 ,^! tea*]s boldly decl>$ t ignorance 0 ! "m ( religi\s error1 & !re=e ! duty ( e ,*ri/ian 0 at once to remove ignorance & to %>e ) e "o ! k t c alone make ! _w capable ( truly appreciat+ ,god's p[] z manife/$ 9 e dep>tm5t ( sci5ce4 ,s ^! s*ools & colleges grew up4 ,^? :o believ$ 9 ?is policy did n belong to any "o d5om9ation1 ?\gh !y did belong to "o nation--,am]ica4 ,!re 7 _m oppon5ts to ?is policy4 ,x 0 argu$ t ! duty ( ! mission bodies 0 to prea* ! ,gospel1 & t h[ev] advantage\s education might be1 x 0 n ! bus9ess ( ! ,*ri/ian to give x2 b :atev] d\bt !re 0 !n1 facts h be5 too /rong = ^? :o #bee oppos$ ! educational policy1 & any "o travell+ ?r\gh ,*9a realises m & m h[ ! ,mission t has sp5t money on education is ! ,mission t has ! p[] ( expansion4 ,! ,mission t has no educational sy/em is always cab9$ & conf9$ = want ( money & m54 ,!y are always writ+ home to ask t ano!r man %all be s5t out2 "s "o has brok5 d[n or "s new opportunity = "w has be5 op5$1 & s !y mu/ press ^u ! ,home ,bo>d ! great importance ( s5d+ out at z e>ly a date z possible "o or m help]s4 ,! ,home ,bo>d is always answ]+ ^? lett]s1 express+ e sympa?y ) _! anxiety1 b 9 reality p\r+ cold wat] on _! en?usiasm1 & po9t+ out t ! supply ( m5 is limit$ & t ! supply ( money is yet m limit$4 ,?us ! opportunity passes & ! mission _c exp&4 ,! same little *ur* /&s fill$ ) conv]ts2 ! same mission build+ h\ses ! tir$ out & climate-/rick5 :ite mission>ies4 ,su* a mission1 :ile inspir+ ! greate/ respect = ! h]oism ( ! mission>ies1 ar\ses also a feel+ ( despair4 ,h[ is x possible t a mission l ?is c really solve ! problem ( mak+ ,*ri/ianity a national religion8 ,h[ c spiritual m9i/rations be p]=m$ by ali5s1 support$ by ali5 money collect$ f a possibly ho/ile race8 ,a v diff]5t effect is made on ! m9d ( ! onlook] :5 he comes ^u "s mission t #bef has made education a speciality4 ,!re all is life1 vig\r & success4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful ( ! ,am]ican mission>ies1 ,bi%op ,roots1 ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,am]ica1 expla9$ ! sy/em by :i* he is succe$+ 9 mak+ ,*ri/ianity an indig5\s religion4 ,at 8 l>ge college1 presid$ ov] by ,mr4 ,jackson1 _m are hea!n4 ,"s g ?r\gh ! college & imbibe a c]ta9 respect = ,*ri/ian e?ics1 :i* w n only make !m a b5efit to ,*9a b w make an intellectual atmosph]e sympa!tic to ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 w become ,*ri/ians :o w mo/ly g out into ! _w & take _! place1 & a high place too1 9 ! lead]%ip ( ! future ,*9a1 z mu* ow+ to ! excell5ce ( ! tea*+ t !y h receiv$ z to ! high morality :i* is produc$ by _! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,!n !re w be a few :o w feel a di/9ct call to g out z mission>ies to _! own p4 ,^! m5 w h no temptation to become ,*ri/ians = ! loaves & fi%es1 because1 ow+ to ! excell5ce ( ! education t !y h receiv$ & ! great prosp]ity t is dawn+ ov] ,*9a1 !y c\ld comm& a l>ge sal>y 9 ! op5 m>ket4 ,^! highly-educat$ cl]gy are able to g out & put ,*ri/ianity to ! ,*9ese 9 a mann] :i* no :ite man c\ld hope to equal4 ,:at ,bi%op ,roots told me c be well illu/rat$ by two little incid5ts4 ,9 ,hank[1 :]e 8 "w is increas+ by leaps & b\nds1 ! ,lu!ran #beg ,mission fail$1 & !re=e x resign$ ! *apel to him4 ,he accept$ readily1 & soon 8 ,*9ese cl]gy 7 prea*+ to cr[d$ congregations4 ,! second incid5t 0 ?is3 ,i express$ a wi% to make a pres5t to "o ( ^! ,*ri/ian s*ol>s1 & ,i ask$ :at books he w\ld l to receive4 ,i 0 told t su* books z ,balf\r's ,def5ce ( ,philosophic ,d\bt & ,haldane's ,pa?way to ,reality 7 ! k9d t w\ld appeal to su* "y m54 ,n only w ^! m5 c>ry ! ,gospel to _! fell[-c\ntrym5 f> m effici5tly ?an c ! ali51 b !y w to a great ext5t be able to live on ! subscriptions ( _! congregations1 & s ! communion to :i* !y belong w become n only self-propagat+ b self-support+4 ,to und]/& ! importance ( ?is controv]sy ! v>i\s aims ( mission>y education mu/ be realis$1 & x is because ^? aims are diff]5t t ! controv]sy has be5 confus$ & ! value ( education z an assi/ance to mission>y ef=t 9 ,*9a misund]/ood4 ,!re are really sev5 aims3 ?ree :i* are common to all mission>y ef=t 9 all l&s1 & f\r :i* especially apply to c\ntries l ,*9a :i* are pass+ ?r\gh a transitional p]iod ( ?\ght4 ,! ?ree :i* are common to all mission>y ef=t are 7#a7 evangelisation2 7#b7 edification ( ! ,*ri/ian body2 7#c7 education ( prea*]s & tea*]s4 ,! f\r t are peculi> to ,*9a 9 h] pres5t transitional condition are 7#d7 prep>ation ( secul> lead]s2 7#e7 leav5+ ( ! :ole public op9ion2 7#f7 opposition #beh to ,we/]n mat]ialism2 7#g7 association ( ,*ri/ianity ) le>n+4 ,! argum5ts = ! fir/ ?ree are applicable to e l&4 ,evangelisation c no d\bt be c>ri$ on mo/ effici5tly be=e ! m9d has receiv$ any intellectual bias4 ,! ,jesuit prie/ is report$ to h said1 ,if ,i h ! *ild till he is t51 ,i d n c>e :o has him aft]w>ds2 & !re=e1 z 9 all ! _w s 9 ,*9a1 ! ,roman ,ca?olics h always made a great ef=t to educate *ildr54 ,!y h pref]r$ ^? :o h _h no home-ties1 orphans & waifs1 & h by ?is policy built up a huge ,*ri/ian population numb]+ ov] a million4 ,?is population is ?or\ghly ,*ri/ian 9 s5tim5t2 !y h nev] kn[n an idolatr\s atmosph]e1 & !y live to a great ext5t by !mselves 9 communities4 ,:ile !y are ?or\ghly ,*ri/ian1 !y are also absolutely ,*9ese2 no ef=t is made to ,we/]nise ! *ildr5 9 any way4 ,f ?is great ,*ri/ian body ,ca?olic prie/s are drawn1 & ,i believe s completely ,*ri/ian are !y1 t no diff]5ce is made betwe5 !m & :ite m5 by su* an important body z ! ,jesuits4 ,:5 o!r ,*ri/ian bodies began mission>y "w 9 ,*9a !y also />t$ s*ools1 b ! diff]5ce ( _! s*ools 0 t !y aim$ mu* m at ! second ?an at ! fir/ object4 ,! s*ool 0 n m]ely a place to attract homeless *ildr5 & br+ !m up z ,*ri/ians2 x 0 also int5d$ to edify & adorn ) k ! *ildr5 ( ,*ri/ians4 #bei ,non-,*ri/ians 7 l>gely admitt$1 b ,i ?9k t ,i am "r 9 /at+ t ! object 0 mu* m edification ?an evangelisation4 ,9 a corrupt society l ,*9a1 :]e all k is int]m+l$ ) vice1 x is inevitable t ,*ri/ian s*ools %\ld be erect$ = ! ,*ri/ian body1 & x is equally inevitable t ^? :o are non-,*ri/ians b :o admire ! s*ools greatly %\ld try & ent] !m4 ,! feature ( ^! s*ools = ! mo/ "p1 ?\gh n inv>iably1 9 contra/ to ! e>li] ,roman ,ca?olic s*ools1 is t ,we/]n education is to a c]ta9 ext5t1 v>y+ 9 ea* mission1 sup]add$ to ,*9ese le>n+2 & !re=e1 ?\gh ! s*ool is ess5tially a s*ool = ,*9ese le>n+1 ! *ildr5 z a rule le>n some?+ also ( ,we/]n k4 ,out ( ^! s*ools naturally arise o!rs :i* h ! ?ird aim ( mission>y education z _! object1 namely1 ! prep>ation ( prea*]s & tea*]s :o 9 ! future %all be ! real mission>y body ( ,*9a4 ,e ?9k+ man realises t ! ali5 mission>y c only exi/ 9 a brief transitional p]iod4 ,! true tea*]s ( a race mu/ be ^? :o are l9k$ to x by ties ( blood & tradition1 & ne>ly e mission has !re=e set to "w to create a native m9i/ry :i* is soon] or lat] to take ov] ! task ( ! conv]sion ( ,*9a4 ,?is is reg>d$ by _m1 nay1 by mo/1 z ! great aim ( mission>y educational "w4 ,! degree ( prep>ation1 h[ev]1 diff]s widely 9 diff]5t missions4 #bfj ,"s missions1 draw+ _! tea*]s f ! l[] ranks ( society1 are q cont5t to give !m an education :i* w enable !m to lead & tea* ! l[] class among :om !y move2 o!r missions held t ! ,*ri/ian tea*] mu/ n m]ely he able to lead ! ignorant b mu/ be able also to meet 9 controv]sy ^? :o may be well equipp$ ) ,we/]n k2 & !re=e :ile 9 "s missions ! education ( native pa/ors is conduct$ solely 9 ,*9ese1 9 o!rs ! tea*+ is 9 ,engli%1 to enable ! tea*]s & prea*]s to keep abrea/ ) ! ?\ght ( ,we/]n c\ntries & to def5d _! l& by p5 & s]mon z mu* aga9/ ! errors ( ! ,we/ z aga9/ ! sup]/ition ( ! ,ea/4 ,x is 9 ! prep>ation ( ^! highly educat$ m5 t an opportunity is giv5 = ! f\r? aim ( mission>y education 9 ,*9a3 "o :i* w\ld n be applicable 9 e c\ntry1 b :i* is vitally important 9 ,*9a1 namely1 ! prep>ation ( secul> lead]s 9 ,*9a4 ,to und]/& ! importance ( ?is we mu/ be always rem9d+ our read]s t ,*9a is 9 ! mid/ ( an intellectual revolution4 ,%e is pass+ ?r\gh a p]iod :i* is 9 "s way comp>able to ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,europe1 b :i* exce$s x bo? 9 importance & 9 dang]1 because 9 ,europe1 z ! "n %[s1 x 0 ess5tially a re9troduction ( =gott5 b n new k ) its subsequ5t enl>gem5t & developm5t4 ,9 ,*9a #bfa ! revolution is caus$ by ! introduction ( =eign k1 :i* is absolutely inh>moni\s & 9 _m ways oppos$ to native ?\ght4 ,9 ,europe ! f\ndations ( k 7 always secure2 x 0 only ! sup]/ructure t 0 alt]$4 ,9 ,*9a ! v f\ndations are be+ uproot$2 ! result is t ,*9a is at ! pres5t )\t lead]s1 except = a n>r[ b& ( m51 :o ow+ to ! =esight ( "s ,*ri/ians 9 ! pa/ h receiv$ a ,we/]n education4 ,!re are pl5ty ( old-fa%ion$ lead]s1 :o h l$ or fail$ to lead ! sleepy ,*9a ( ye>s ago--m5 ( consid]able ability b 9 a /ate ( great m5tal confusion1 ow+ to _! p[]lessness to compreh5d ! _m aspects ( ! civilisation :i* is be+ =c$ ^u !m & :i* is unnatural to !m4 ,!y _c und]/& our curr5cy que/ions1 our f9ancial op]ations2 !y only dimly realise ! possibilities & problems connect$ ) milit>y & naval armam5ts4 ,!y ye>n = ! ye>s gone by1 b an inexorable fate urges _! c\ntry =w>d into new positions1 :i* br+ ) !m new responsibilities1 new p[]s & new dang]s4 ,*9a dem&s m5 to lead h] ?r\gh ?is t]rible /ate ( confusion & *ange1 & %e turns r\nd to f9d ! m5 :o und]/& ,we/]n civilisation1 :o h ! "* & ! k necess>y to deal ) all ^! problems4 ,j at ?is mom5t1 any man ( ability :o has an intimate k ( ,we/]n ?+s /&s a *ance ( high #bfb pref]m5t4 ,x may be t ?is dem& w be satisfi$ by ! numb] ( /ud5ts ,*9a has s5t abroad to be educat$1 b ! size ( ,*9a & ! great dem& = m5 skill$ 9 ,we/]n le>n+ make _m ( ^? hav+ a mo/ intimate k ( ,*9a confid5t t ?is is an opportunity t is /ill op51 t x is /ill possible to direct to "s degree ! m9ds & ?\ght ( ^? :o w lead ,*9a z /atesm51 z au?ors1 & z m5 ( le>n+4 ,! production ( ^! m5 c be c>ri$ on to great advantage 9 ! same e/abli%m5t z t 9 :i* ! cl]gy are receiv+ _! education2 ! educat$ cl]gyman1 ! future pressm5 & /atesm5 ( ,*9a are 9 ?is way br\ght 9 close contact ) "o ano!r1 & ev5 f "o e/abli%m5t ! good t may come to ,*9a is q incalculable4 ,?is br+s u to ! fif? great aim ( education1 ! leav5+ ( public op9ion 9 ,*9a s t ,*ri/ianity w f9d gr\nd prep>$ = its s[+4 ,! de/ruction ( sup]/ition1 ! production ( ,we/]n e?ics make ,*ri/ianity a reasonable in/ead ( an unreasonable religion to ^? :o he> x prea*$4 ,cle>ly to leav5 public op9ion influ5ce mu/ be appli$ to ^? :o w control su* p[]s z ^? ( ! press & ! s*ool2 ! tea*] & ! writ] are ! m5 :o %\ld be especially aim$ at2 & to atta9 ?is aim1 x is necess>y to in/itute & ma9ta9 #bfc places :]e high] k is taught r ?an only prim>y s*ools4 ,b !re is ano!r object1 ! six? aim = education 9 ,*9a4 ,"o ( ! unpleasant features 9 ! revolution t is go+ on 9 ,*9ese ?\ght is ! pres5t introduction ( ,we/]n mat]ialism1 :i* to judge by ! example 9 ,japan1 w gr[ m rankly aft] transplantation4 ,! ,we/ has a d\ble aspect :5 se5 f ! ,ea/2 x is a ,*ri/ian _w :]e wom5 are pure & m5 are hon\rable2 x is a ri* _w :]e !re are no moral obligations4 ,! fir/ aspect is ! "o t is repres5t$ by ! mission>y2 ! second aspect is too (t5 taught by ! sailor & m]*ant classes2 & :5 ! ,*9aman asks :at is ! ?\ght & ! base ( ,we/]n tea*+1 ! ,japanese mat]iali/1 po9t+ to ! example set by _m ,we/]n lives1 decl>es t ,*ri/ianity 9 ,europe is l ,buddhism 9 ,japan1 a religion t at "o "t _h _m adh]5ts b ^: influ5ce is fa/ wan+1 & x is 9 resi/+ ?is mat]ialism t ! ,mission>y ,college & ,univ]sity p]=m p]haps _! mo/ important task4 ,! m5 :o are to d ?is "w mu/ be m5 mo/ highly skill$ 9 ,we/]n k2 !y mu/ und]/& sci5ce & be able to meet a foll[] ( ,haeckel 9 debate1 !y mu/ be compet5t to discuss sociology ) disciples ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & !y mu/ n be afraid to dip into ! #bfd /udy ( comp>ative religion2 9 addition1 !y mu/ be qualifi$ to write excell5t ,*9ese & to be firm 9 _! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! production ( su* m5 z ^! %\ld also satisfy ! sev5? & la/ aim ( ,*ri/ian education3 x w associate le>n+ ) ,*ri/ianity 9 ! m9ds ( ! ,*9ese4 ,! keynote ( ,*9ese ?\ght is its great admiration = le>n+4 ,9 ,*9a !re is no ca/e or class1 no division except betwe5 ! ignorant & ! le>n$2 if ,*ri/ianity is associat$ ) ignorance1 its influ5ce w be lo/1 & x is no mean object to make ,*ri/ianity & k 9 ! m9d ( ! ,*9aman two p>ts ( "o great idea4 ,x is obvi\s t z mission>y societies lay weight on "o or ! o!r ( ^! objects1 !y w support a diff]5t k9d ( s*ool4 ,if _! object is ! fir/1 !y w seek to educate ! orphan & ! waif1 & ! s*ool & ! orphanage w be1 z !y are 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic body1 intimately jo9$ toge!r4 ,if ! object is to edify ! ,*ri/ian body & to provide x ) a suitable pa/or1 ! mission>y body w erect prim>y s*ools = ,*ri/ian *ildr5 & !ological & normal s*ools to complete _! s*ool sy/em4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! mission>y body aims at leav5+ ! :ole ?\ght ( ,*9a1 ( captur+ ,*9a = ,*ri/1 or if x aims at def5d+ ,*9a aga9/ ! t]rible pe/ ( ,we/]n mat]ialism--:i* w turn ! light t ,*9a n[ has into black d>kness & h>d5 h] = ev] aga9/ ,*ri/ian tea*+--! ,high ,s*ool1 #bfe ,college1 & ! ,univ]sity w be ! objects on :i* ! money w be sp5t4 ,?is la/ has be5 ! object ( ! ,am]ican bodies2 & ,i ?9k ,*9a owes a great debt ( gratitude1 "u ,god1 to ! great wid? ( ?\ght & grasp ( ! situation t ! ,am]ican m9d has exhibit$4 #bff ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,gov]nm5t ,,educational ,,sy/em ,"o ( ! highe/ te/imonials to ! wisdom ( ! mission>ies 9 inaugurat+ an educational policy has be5 giv5 by ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t4 ,imitation is ! s9c]e/ flatt]y1 & mission>y education has its imitator 9 no less a body ?an ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,*9ese h always lov$ education1 b ! education !y admir$ 0 ! lit]>y education :i* _h = its comm5cem5t ! ,*9ese "* & = its end ! ,*9ese ,classics2 _! sy/em ( tea*+ 0 diff]5t f our own2 !y 7 f> great] believ]s 9 le>n+ by rote ?an ! mo/ cons]vative ,engli% s*oolma/] :o ev] set a long repetition lesson to 8 pupils4 ,x is a /range sight to see an old-fa%ion$ ,*9ese s*ool1 ! boys all %\t+ out at ! top ( _! voices ! names ( ! *>act]s ^: mean+ !y d n und]/&4 ,an ess5tial "p ( ! p]=mance is ! clamor\s %\t+2 ! l\d] !y %\t1 ! h>d] !y are work+ & ! quick] !y ?9k !y le>n1 s :5 ! visitor surprises a class _! voices are n rais$ above a pleasant & reasonable elevation1 b aft] he has be5 #bfg discov]$ by ! class1 ! %\ts increase 9 volume till ! noise is only to be comp>$ to ! p>oquets' cage 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s4 ,ano!r peculi>ity ( ! s*ool is t all ! pupils turn _! backs to _! ma/]2 ! doctr9e be+ t if !y 7 all[$ to wat* _! ma/]1 x w\ld be p]fectly impossible = him to detect _! _m little acts ( di%one/y4 ,! mission>ies at fir/ pa9fully imitat$ ^! s*ools2 !y felt t x 0 impossible to tru/ ! *ildr5 ( _! conv]ts to ! hea!n atmosph]e ( a ,*9ese s*ool1 & at ! same "t !y realis$ :at great value & importance 0 plac$ by ! ,*9ese on education4 ,^! s*ools l$ on to a sort ( middle s*ool call$ %u-yu51 :i* exi/$ 9 all big t[ns1 :i* 9 its turn l$ on to f\r ,univ]sities1 b !y h be51 ,i believe1 = "s "t 9 an ineffici5t condition4 ,/ill = good or = evil ! sy/em 0 !re1 & long be=e our own new dep>ture 9 education1 ! ,*9ese 7 q accu/om$ to ! idea t ! boy :o _h suffici5t ability might climb ! ladd] ( le>n+1 f class to class1 f s*ool to s*ool1 till at la/ he took ! covet$ ,hanl9 ,degree4 ,s high a value did ! ,*9ese place on education1 t x 0 possible1 & x did inde$ happ51 t boys ( ! v humble/ p>5tage climb$ t ladd] till !y rea*$ ! mo/ exalt$ positions4 ,! fir/ sign ( an alt]ation ( ?is sy/em 0 #bfh ! book t 0 issu$ aft] ! ,*9ese-,japanese w> by ,*ang-,*ih-,tung4 ,t rem>kable /atesman realis$ aft] ,*9a's cru%+ defeat t a g5]al re=m 0 absolutely necess>y if %e 0 to ma9ta9 h] place among ! free & indep5d5t nations ( ! _w1 & he wrote a book entitl$ ,*9a's ,only ,hope1 9 :i* he /rongly advocat$ ! acceptance 9 "s measure ( ,we/]n education4 ,8 s*eme is ! "o :i* practically obta9s n[ 9 ,*9a1 t is ( mak+ ,*9ese le>n+ ! f\ndation on :i* ,we/]n education is to be plac$4 ,he _h a great disbelief1 l mo/ ,*9ese1 9 ! difficulty ( acquir+ ,we/]n education4 ,he writes3 ,comp>ative /udy ( =eign geography1 especially t ( ,russia1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 ,japan1 & ,am]ica2 a cursory survey ( ! size & di/ance1 capital1 pr9cipal ports1 climate1 def5ces1 weal?1 & p[] ( ^! 7! "t requir$ to complete ?is c\rse t5 days74 ,x is v h>d = ! ,*9ese lit]ati to und]/& ! difficulties ( acquir+ ,we/]n le>n+4 ,*ang 0 a man ( no mean intellect1 & "o ( ! reasons :y he 0 s anxi\s to pres]ve ,*9ese le>n+ 0 because he realis$ ! de/ructive effect ,we/]n le>n+ has on ,ori5tal fai?s4 ,he hop$ to pres]ve ! e?ics ( ,confucianism & to atta* to !m ! practical k ( ! ,we/1 :i* he realis$ 0 a necessity = ,*9a4 ,he summ$ up ! position by say+1 ,we/]n k is practical1 ,*9ese le>n+ is moral4 #bfi ,! imm$iate result ( ?is book 0 absolutely ! rev]se ( :at its au?or int5d$4 ,a million copies ( ! book _h be5 issu$1 & x circulat$ ?r\gh\t ,*9a4 ,x rais$ a /orm ( opposition1 & probably 0 "o ( ! causes :i* produc$ ! ,box] outbreak2 b ! failure ( ,box]dom & ! ,russo-,japanese w> conv9c$ ,*9a t ,*ang-,*ih-,tung 0 "r1 & 8 book may n[ be tak5 z ! book :i* be/ expresses ! intellectual position ( ! mod]ate re=m]4 ,he fir/ deals ) t v difficult "q ( f9ance4 ,he proposes to f9ance ! s*ools ) a :olesale dis5d[m5t ( ! two religions 9 :i* he does n believe1 ,buddhism & ,taoism4 ,he writes3 ,buddhism is on its la/ legs1 ,taoism is disc\rag$ because its devils h become irresponsive & inefficaci\s4 ,he !n sugge/s t sev5 temples out ( t5 %\ld be us$ bo? z reg>ds _! build+ & _! funds = educational purposes4 ,b he has a sympa!tic way ( treat+ ! dis5d[$ cl]gy ( ,*9a4 ,he sugge/s t !y c\ld be com=t$ by a lib]al be/[al ( (ficial di/9ction ^u !mselves & ^u _! relatives4 ,:o c tell if ,wel% ,dise/abli%m5t w\ld n be popul> if all ! cl]gy 7 to be made ar*deacons & _! bro!rs & fa!rs knights4 ,b he has a hi/orical prec$5t = dis5d[m5t--,buddhism has app>5tly exp]i5c$ ! process ( dis5d[m5t ?ree times2 b z ! la/ dis5d[m5t 0 #bgj 9 #hdf1 on our side ( ! _w we %\ld n reg>d x z a prec$5t ( mu* value4 ,9 e/abli%+ s*ools he adopts five pr9ciples4 ,! fir/ is "o to :i* we h already ref]r$1 t ! new & ! old are to be wov5 into "o1 ! ,*9ese ,classics are to be made by "s magical process ! f\ndation ( ! tea*+ ( ,we/]n education4 ,! second is a v un-,we/]n b possibly a s\nd way ( look+ at ! "q4 ,he puts =w>d two objects ( education3 fir/1 gov]nm5t2 secondly1 sci5ce4 ,! fir/ includes all k necess>y = ! gov]nm5t ( mank9d--geography1 political economy1 fiscal sci5ce1 ! milit>y art1 & ?\gh he does n m5tion x1 ,i suppose hi/ory4 ,! second is natural sci5ce1 & includes ma!matics1 m9+1 !rapeutics1 s\nd1 light1 *emi/ry1 c4 ,! ?ird pr9ciple is "o t we r>ely act on 9 our own c\ntry1 namely1 t ! *ild %all be only educat$ 9 ! subjects = :i* he has a natural aptitude4 ,! f\r? pr9ciple is "o t applies absolutely to ,*9a2 x is ! abolition ( :at is call$ ! ?ree-legg$ essay1 a complicat$ feat ( ar*aic & artificial writ+ :i* only exi/s = ! purpose ( exam9ation1 some?+ analog\s to our ,lat9 v]ses4 ,! fif? pr9ciple %[s t ,*9a is z f> ahead ( u 9 "s ways z %e is beh9d u 9 o!rs4 ,*9a has pass$ beyond ! /age ( free education to ! /age ( univ]sal s*ol>%ip2 all /ud5ts are paid1 & ?is has br\ght ab\t a great abuse2 #bga m5 /udy m]ely to obta9 a liv+ :o h no aptitude = le>n+1 & on :om educational money is really wa/$1 & s he aboli%es paym5t4 ,8 ,excell5cy closes 8 advice ) a sugge/ion t societies = ! promotion ( education %\ld be =m$4 ,! ,*9aman loves ^! little social clubs & ga!r+s4 ,8 *ess club1 8 poetry club1 8 dom9o club1 are national in/itutions4 ,:y n1 sugge/s ,8 ,excell5cy1 h an educational club1 or z ,i suppose we %\ld call x1 a mutual improvem5t society4 ,?us wrote ! great ,vic]oy :o m ?an any o!r man prev5t$ ! spread ( ! ,box] outbreak f desolat+ ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,*9a4 ,dur+ t ,box] rebellion all advance 0 impossible1 b aft] t ov]fl[+ flood ( disord] 0 pass$1 ! re=ms sugge/$ by ,*ang-,*ih-,tung began to be s]i\sly consid]$1 & on ,janu>y #ac1 #aijc1 an ,imp]ial ,edict 0 put =? r5ovat+ & organis+1 at lea/ on pap]1 ! :ole educational sy/em ( ,*9a4 ,x w\ld n be ,*9a if !re 7 n a great deal ( s\nd s5se 9 t edict2 x w\ld n be ,*9a if on pap] ! organisation did n seem to be p]fect2 x w\ld n be ,*9a if z a matt] ( fact ! :ole s*eme 7 n to a great ext5t a failure4 ,! s*eme 0 v complete4 ,x began at ! bottom & cont9u$ ?r\gh e grade ( education to ! top4 ,fir/ !re 7 to be infant s*ools2 ^! 7 to receive *ildr5 f ?ree to #bgb sev5 ye>s old1 & _! object 0 to give ! fir/ idea ( "r & to keep ! *ildr5 f ! dang]s ( ! /reet4 ,^! s*ools 7 to be succe$$ by prim>y s*ools ( two dep>tm5ts1 & *ildr5 7 to ent] ! s*ools z !y left ! infant s*ool :5 !y 7 sev5 ye>s old1 & to cont9ue 9 !m till !y 7 twelve4 ,! subjects to be taught 7 morals1 ,*9ese language1 ari?metic1 hi/ory1 geography1 physical sci5ce & gymna/ics4 ,at pres5t !re 0 to be no compulsory att5dance1 b t 0 look$ =w>d to z ! future ideal4 ,! s*ools 7 to be free1 & ! money 0 to be produc$ ei!r by taxes or by a raid on "s end[m5ts1 notably end[m5ts ( religion or ( ! !atre--= !atres 9 ,*9a are end[$4 ,funds 7 also to be f\nd by subscription1 & titles & ranks 7 promis$ to ^? :o %all op5 s*ools2 unlike our own c\ntry1 :]e1 alas1 ! sp5d+ "t on education = ! poor is only rew>d$ by abuse4 ,^! prim>y s*ools w\ld lead into high] s*ools1 & ^! s*ools w\ld be ! la/ on ! ladd] ( education1 9 :i* only ,*9ese subjects 7 to be taught4 ,above !m 7 to be :at !y call middle s*ools1 & ! subjects to be taught are r\ghly ^? :i* are taught 9 our ,high ,s*ools3 ! ,*9ese ,classics1 ,*9ese language & lit]ature1 =eign languages 7"o at lea/ to be obligatory71 hi/ory1 geography1 physics1 *emi/ry1 sci5ce ( gov]nm5t1 political economy1 draw+1 gymna/ics2 & aft] ! example ( ,we/]n s*ools1 s++ #bgc w\ld be also taught4 ,^! s*ools lead on to ! sup]ior s*ools 9 :i* high] bran*es ( ! same subjects are taught4 ,^! s*ools 7 to be divid$ into ?ree sections4 ,! fir/ section consi/s ( law1 lit]ature1 & comm]ce2 ! second section ( sci5ces1 civil eng9e]+1 & agriculture2 ! ?ird section ( m$ic9e4 ,x is notewor?y t ,engli% is necess>y = ^? :o are le>n+ ! fir/ two sections1 :ile ,g]man is compulsory = ^? :o are le>n+ ! ?ird section--9 ei!r case a ?ird language may be add$2 & ^! sup]ior s*ools 7 to lead on to a ,univ]sity1 9 :i* !re 7 to be eight faculties4 ,! fir/ faculty is ess5tially a ,*9ese "o1 & ,i suppose w\ld be be/ express$ to our ?\ght by belles-lettres1 b x includes su* ?+s z rites & poetry2 ! second faculty is t ( law2 ! ?ird1 hi/ory & geography2 ! f\r?1 m$ic9e & ph>macy2 ! fif?1 sci5ce2 ! six?1 agriculture2 ! sev5?1 civil eng9e]+2 ! eigh?1 comm]ce4 ,! ,univ]sity c\rse 0 to take ?ree ye>s1 & !re 0 to be a ,univ]sity in/all$ 9 ea* prov9ce4 ,! educational sy/em 0 to be p]fect$ by two o!r in/itutions--a po/-graduate college :]e rese>* 0 to be und]tak51 & a normal college :i* 0 to be divid$ into an inf]ior & a sup]ior "o = ! purpose1 ! "o ( prep>+ s*oolma/]s = ! village s*ools1 ! o!r = high] education4 ,a f> less ambiti\s s*eme = ! education ( girls has be5 add$ to ?is by #bgd an edict ( #aijg4 ,if my read]s h wad$ ?r\gh ?is s*eme ,i am afraid t !y w h come to ! conclusion t ,*9a has no?+ to le>n f ,we/]n p[]s1 b r %e ought to be able to tea* !m h[ to p]fect _! own incomplete sy/em ( education2 b alas1 ?is s*eme is only on pap]4 ,9 ! prov9ce :]e ,h4,e4 ,yuan-,%ih-,kai rul$ ! s*ools approa* 9 "s degree to ! level ( ,we/]n effici5cy4 ,9 e o!r prov9ce t ,i visit$ or he>d ab\t1 ! results ( ?is edict 7 m>k$ly disappo9t+2 ! only exception be+ :]e ! ,univ]sities _h be5 organis$1 n 9 ! =m or t]ms ( ! edict1 b by ,we/]n tea*]s act+ on m or less indep5d5t l9es4 ,= in/ance1 !re is a spl5did ,univ]sity :i* has be5 f\nd$ by ,dr4 ,timo?y ,ri*>d 9 ,%ansi4 ,t ,univ]sity has a curi\s hi/ory4 ,aft] ! ,box] massacres comp5sation 0 dem&$ by ! ,p[]s bo? = ! build+s t 7 de/roy$ & = ! mission>ies t 7 kill$4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( ! mission>y bodies refus$ absolutely to take any comp5sation4 ,animat$ by ! _s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 !y w\ld n all[ t ! blood t _h be5 %$ = ! sacr$ cause c\ld be paid = 9 money4 ,at ?is juncture !re ?reat5$ to be r an impasse4 ,! ,we/]n ,gov]nm5t 7 insi/+ on comp5sation1 & x 0 d\btful & unc]ta9 h[ t comp5sation %\ld be paid4 ,! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t s5t = ! ,prote/ant mission>y 9 :om !y _h ! #bge greate/ confid5ce1 ,dr4 ,timo?y ,ri*>d1 & he made a sugge/ion :i* 0 at once acceptable to bo? ! ,*9ese & to ! mission>y body1 t ! money %\ld be devot$ to ! f\nd+ ( a great ,univ]sity2 = ignorance is ! mo/ common cause ( fanaticism1 & ! t]rible massacres enact$ 9 ,*9a w\ld nev] h tak5 place _h ,*9a und]/ood1 z ,*ang-,*ih-,tung did und]/&1 t ,we/]n sci5ce & enlight5m5t 7 = ! b5efit ( ,*9a2 s ?is ,univ]sity 0 f\nd$4 ,x 0 f\nd$ "u peculi> t]ms4 ,x is "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,*9a1 & yet n completely s4 ,dr4 ,timo?y ,ri*>d is = a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s "o ( its gov]nors1 & he has = t5 ye>s at lea/ ! control ( ! ,we/]n side ( ! education4 ,he is support$ by an able /aff1 & ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,e4 ,soo?ill is ! exi/+ ,presid5t4 ,at ! end ( ! t5 ye>s :i* are j runn+ out1 ! /atus ( ! ,univ]sity is to be alt]$1 & is1 z f> z ,i und]/&1 to return to ! ord9>y /atus ( a ,gov]nm5t ,univ]sity4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t ?is ,univ]sity has be5 highly satisfactory 9 its tea*+1 & lately x has s5t _m ( its /ud5ts to ,engl& to complete _! education4 ,x suff]s1 h[ev]1 f ! abs5ce ( a prop] prep>atory c\rse4 ,"o ( ! difficulties t lie "r 9 ! way ( ,*ang-,*ih-,tung's compromise is ! difficulty ( f9d+ "t = a ,we/]n prep>atory c\rse1 & t is only equall$ by ! difficulty ( f9d+ tea*]s4 ,)\t "t & tea*]s ! /ud5ts #bgf arrive at ! ,univ]sity p]iod ( _! lives ) only a v elem5t>y k ( ,we/]n subjects4 ,?is college c h>dly be cit$ z a college ( high gov]nm5tal effici5cy1 b %\ld r be reg>d$ z an example ( ! good t a man l ,dr4 ,timo?y ,ri*>d c d if he is only all[$ scope4 ,ano!r ,we/]n ,univ]sity "u ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t control is ! "o at ,ti5ts91 ! ,pei-,yang ,univ]sity4 ,t ,univ]sity has ! advantage ( be+ well support$ by effici5t ,gov]nm5t s*ools at ,pao-t+-fu4 ,"o int]e/+ detail ab\t ! ,pao-t+-fu s*ool--a fact inde$ :i* 9 two or ?ree ways %\ld give u food = ?\ght--is t x is controll$ by a ,*ri/ian :o is all[$ by ! ,gov]nm5t1 aga9/ _! own regulations1 to c>ry on an active propag&a4 ,he 0 ! man :o1 :5 ! mission>ies 7 murd]$ at ,%ansi1 at ! risk ( 8 life br\ght d[n a message f !m writt5 9 blood on a piece ( /uff4 ,p]haps x is n extraord9>y to f9d t su* a man is produc+ excell5t "w4 ,! ,pei-,yang ,univ]sity1 h[ev]1 falls f> %ort ( our ideals ( :at a ,univ]sity /&>d %\ld be4 ,/ill1 z f> z x goes1 x is v effici5t4 ,x is taught by a v effective body ( pr(essors4 ,x has #aej /ud5ts1 & tea*es law1 m9+1 & eng9e]+4 ,! /aff is ,am]ican ) v few exceptions4 ,"o ( ^? exceptions is ,mr4 ,wang1 a ,*9ese g5tleman :o receiv$ 8 education 9 ,london4 ,v little philosophy is taught1 #bgg only ?ree h\rs a week are giv5 = ,*9ese le>n+1 & ! /ud5ts are expect$ to acquire a suffici5t k ( ,*9ese subjects be=e !y come to ! ,univ]sity4 ,! ,am]ican pr(essors1 :o prov$ to be a delightful set ( m51 all[$ t !re 0 no real sci5tific tra9+ giv5 9 ?is s*ool4 ,!y gave ! same acc\nt ( _! pupils :i* y w he> 9 e ,*9ese s*ool4 ,!y excell$ 9 algebra1 draw+1 & 9 ! mo/ /up5d\s p[] ( committ+ =mul to memory4 ,"o ( ! difficulties ( tea*+ a ,*9ese class is t !y h s little difficulty 9 le>n+ by rote t !y mu* pref] le>n+ ! text-books by he>t to try+ to und]/& !m4 ,! ,law ,s*ool 9 ! ,pei-,yang ,univ]sity is taught by a man :o has no k ( ,*9ese law4 ,?is is "o ( ! small mi/akes made by ,am]ican educators 9 ,*9a1 :i* ,i ?9k mu/ be some:at mislead+ = ,*9a 9 ! future4 ,to le>n no?+ b ,we/]n law1 & to imag9e t t ,we/]n law c be appli$ directly to ! ,*9ese p1 is to make ! same mi/ake t ,macaulay s eloqu5tly condemn$ 9 ! old ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,su* a sy/em ( tea*+ c only make unreasonable revolution>ies4 ,^! two examples ( tea*+ in/itutions c>ri$ on "u ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t by ,we/]n tea*]s are :olly exceptional1 & ?\gh excell5t 9 _! way are unimportant1 & hav+ reg>d to ! va/ mass ( ! population ( ,*9a are inconsid]able4 ,:at are five or six #bgh hundr$ /ud5ts to a population ( f\r hundr$ millions4 ,i mu/ res]ve ! acc\nt ( :at ,i saw ( ! s*ools "u ,*9ese managem5t1 includ+ ! ,pek+ ,univ]sity1 to ano!r *apt]4 #bgi ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,same ,,9 ,,practice ,any "o :o has read ! prec$+ acc\nt ( ! int5tions ( ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t might be p>don$ if he suppos$ t aft] f\r or five ye>s ^? int5tions _h borne fruit 9 an effici5t sy/em ( public education4 ,b "o :o has resid$ any "t 9 ,*9a w\ld only smile at ! sugge/ion t !re %\ld be an intimate relation betwe5 :at ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t pr(esses to d & :at ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t does4 ,a ,man*u ,pr(essor ^: ,european education _h enabl$ him to appreciate rightly ! weaknesses ( ! ,*9ese race1 said ) great c&\r1 ,9 ,*9a we beg9 ?+s1 b we nev] f9i% !m4 ,i _h ! privilege ( see+ ov] "s tw5ty ,gov]nm5t s*ools 9 ,*9a1 & ! tru? ( ^! words 0 v obvi\s4 ,my hospitable ho/ at ,nank+1 ,8 ,excell5cy ,tuan-,fang1 he>+ t ,i took an int]e/ 9 education1 decl>$ t he w\ld be v glad t ,i %\ld see 8 s*ools4 ,i express$ a regret t my ignorance ( ! language w\ld imp$e me 9 ?or\ghly und]/&+ :at 0 be+ taught4 ,he mo/ hospitably said t ,i c\ld myself exam9e #bhj ! pupils :o 7 /udy+ ,we/]n subjects1 & :o !re=e spoke ,engli% or ,fr5*1 & t my wife %\ld exam9e ! girls' s*ools2 t we %\ld be accompani$ by two int]pret]s z well z by ! ,director ( ,education1 & t he w\ld exam9e ! s*ools 9 any bran* ( k t ,i *ose4 ,s we salli$ =?1 a v impos+ body1 & ,i 0 ask$ to select :at s*ools ,i %\ld l to visit4 ,( c\rse ,i select$ ! high] grade s*ools 9 :i* ,we/]n subjects 7 taught4 ,! fir/ s*ool on :i* we desc5d$ 0 ! ,agricultural ,college4 ,! tea*]s ( ,we/]n subjects 7 two ,japanese & "o ,*9aman4 ,!y 7 be+ taught 9 ,*9ese1 b ,i _h no difficulty 9 f9d+ out 9 ! fir/ room we ent]$ :at !y 7 le>n+1 because ! illu/rations 7 well kn[n to me1 = !y =m$ "p ( a book ( elem5t>y botany :i* ,i _h at "o "t /udi$4 ,i sugge/$ to ,mr4 ,tsng1 ! int]pret]1 t ! "r c\rse w\ld be to ask ! ,japanese ma/] to select 8 be/ pupils & t !n he %\ld exam9e !m :ile ,i %\ld sugge/ ! que/ions4 ,x soon became cle> t all ! ,japanese tea*] 0 do+ 0 to tea* !m to copy ! illu/rations 9 ! book & no?+ else4 ,= ! fir/ "t we notic$ :at we aft]w>ds discov]$ to be ! inv>iable rule1 t ! ,japanese are mo/ p]fect draughtsm51 & t e class taught by ! ,japanese always le>nt to draw p]fectly1 ?\gh !y le>nt little else4 ,! ,*9ese 7 r pleas$ t ! ,japanese tea*] cut su* a sorry figure4 ,we !n #bha w5t to ! next room4 ,aga9 !re 0 a ,japanese tea*] pr(ess+ to expla9 ! model ( a /eam-eng9e2 aga9 ! pupils 7 obvi\sly ignorant2 aga9 we b[$ & !y b[$ & we left ! room4 ,! next room _h q a diff]5t atmosph]e4 ,obvi\sly effici5t "w 0 go+ on4 ,! m5 7 le>n+ elem5t>y *emi/ry4 ,! tea*] 0 a ,*9aman :o _h be5 tra9$ 9 ,london & spoke ,engli% p]fectly4 ,he 0 z /raight=w>d z he 0 effici5t4 ,he frankly said t ! progress t 8 pupils _h made 0 v limit$ because ( ! %ort "t t !y _h be5 at "w4 ,we congratulat$ him on ! effici5t way he 0 manag+ 8 class1 & 7 int]e/$ to he> aft]w>ds t he 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,m ?an once we came across ,*ri/ian ,*9ese1 & did n "k till lat] t !y 7 ,*ri/ians1 b 7 /ruck by _! effici5cy1 :i* sprang d\btless f a high ideal ( "w4 ,we left ! ,agricultural ,college & !n proce$$ to a ,high ,s*ool1 :i* is ! "n t is giv5 to a fir/-grade s*ool t prec$es ! ,univ]sity1 & :i* at pres5t /&s 9 its place4 ,we _h 9 ?is s*ool mu* ! same exp]i5ce4 ,a ,japanese tea*] 0 tea*+ biology & 0 dissect+ a riv] mussel4 ,?is 0 done 9 su* a position t only two m5 c\ld see :at 0 go+ on4 ,i wond]$ at ?is4 ,!n we f\nd out t he c\ld n speak a ^w ( ,*9ese4 ,he dissect$ ! #bhb mussel & pr(ess$ to give a lecture on its anatomy to a pupil :o und]/ood ,japanese1 & !n ! pupil deliv]$ ! lecture to ! re/ ( ! class4 ,my ,*9ese int]pret]s 7 ( op9ion t v little c\ld filt] ?r\gh ! class 9 ?is way1 b ! ,director ( ,education smil$ sweetly4 ,he obvi\sly felt t 9 "s my/]i\s way ,we/]n education 0 p]colat+ to ! pupils "u 8 *>ge4 ,z we return$ along ! corridor ,i glanc$ 94 ,! biological lecture 0 ov]2 ,i expect x 0 ! only "o ( ! session1 & ! pupils w5t away ) admirable pictures ( ! riv] mussel4 ,if ! ,japanese tea*]s only set up = tea*]s ( draw+1 ,i am c]ta9 !y w\ld h no equals 9 ! _w4 ,a little fur!r on 9 ! same build+ !re 0 a pr(ess$ tea*] ( draw+4 ,! class 0 n a select$ class1 !y 7 draw+ f a ca/ ( a well-kn[n ,greek /atue1 & ! "w 0 simply admirable4 ,i am confid5t t1 except 9 an art s*ool1 y w\ld n f9d bett] "w 9 ,europe4 ,9 ! next room !re 0 a sci5ce tea*]4 ,to impress ! ,director ( ,education1 he ra%ly set a ma*9e = demon/rat+ ! vibration ( s\nd at "w4 ,! ma*9e w\ld n demon/rate any?+1 mu* to ! joy ( my ,*9ese fri5ds1 solely = ! reason t he _h n w\nd x up4 ,i %\ld tire my read]s if ,i 7 to g on describ+ room aft] room4 ,i _c ( c\rse be c]ta9 h[ f> ^! ,japanese tea*]s _h taught sci5ce1 b at any rate _! pupils _h n #bhc acquir$ any k1 & ,i ?9k we may easily be too h>d on ! ,japanese4 ,"o mu/ rememb] t !y h to supply tea*]s = all _! own s*ools4 ,is x likely t !y w be ei!r able or will+ to s5d into o!r c\ntries effici5t tea*]s ( ,we/]n education8 ,x is n z if ,we/]n k _h be5 = long taught 9 ,japan4 ,_! s*ools are n[ _m & !y 7 few4 ,i suppose no man1 no great numb] ( m5 at any rate1 ov] ?irty-five or =ty1 are equipp$ ) an effici5t ,we/]n education 9 ,japan4 ,"o wond]s :y !y all[ _! national reputation to be injur$ by suppos+ x to be possible = !m to supply ^! tea*]s ( ,we/]n k4 ,political motive sugge/s itself z a reason :y a c\ntry s pr\d & s ambiti\s z ,japan %\ld all[ a c\rse t mu/ ev5tually injure h] reputation z an enlight5$ p[]4 ,! next s*ool we w5t ov] 0 v int]e/+4 ,x 0 :at is call$ a ,law ,s*ool4 ,! m5 :o are le>n+ 9 ?is s*ool w be ! future (ficials ( ,*9a2 only1 foll[+ ! ,*9ese cu/om1 !y w r>ely or nev] hold (fice 9 ! prov9ce 9 :i* !y 7 born & educat$4 ,!y 7 m5 ( "s /&+1 & x look$ /range to see all ^! s5ior m51 ov] sixty 9 numb]1 sitt+ l *ildr5 at ! s*ool desks4 ,!y 7 dress$1 9 uni=m1 & 7 "u a sort ( milit>y discipl9e4 ,! s5ior pupil gave ! ^w ( comm&1 & at once ! class sprang to att5tion & salut$ #bhd u1 :ile we b[$ fir/ to ! tea*]1 !n to ! class1 aft] :i* ! exam9ation began4 ,!y 7 *iefly taught by ,*9ese1 &1 z "o might expect1 7 well taught 9 ! ,*9ese ,classics4 ,we 7 in=m$ t ! ,japanese tea*] 0 tea*+ !m ,we/]n law2 b 9 answ] to an inquiry he expla9$ t he _h n yet taught !m any law1 b t he 0 tea*+ !m ! ,japanese language1 s9ce x 0 ?r\gh ! ,japanese language alone a k ( ,we/]n law c\ld be atta9$4 ,! reason seem$ v inconclusive especially :5 "o rememb]s t ! ,japanese "k & write ,*9ese *>act]s1 s t x is easy to get any "w t is pr9t$ 9 ,japan pr9t$ 9 ! "* :i* e ,*9aman c read4 ,i h be=e expla9$ ! peculi> m]it ( ! ,*9ese "* is t p :o speak diff]5t dialects & ev5 languages c read x equally well4 ,i po9t$ all ?is out to my ,*9ese fri5ds4 ,i ?9k _! suspicions too 7 ar\s$4 ,c]ta9ly ?is exp]i5ce l5ds col\r to ! sugge/ion t ,japan hopes t ! ,man*u dyna/y w be succe$$1 n by a ,*9ese dyna/y1 b by a dyna/y f a race ^: c\rage1 en]gy1 & intellect has already humiliat$ ,russia & ,*9a1 & may n inconceivably dom9ate ,*9a1 %\ld1 = in/ance1 ,g]many & ,engl& g to w>4 ,we !n w5t to see "s classes taught by ,am]icans4 ,two ?+s /ruck me 9 ^? classes4 ,fir/1 = "s reason ,i _c und]/&1 unless #bhe !re 0 jeal\sy at "w1 ! class 0 small comp>$ ) ! enorm\s classes :i* ,i _h se5 else:]e--?irty1 tw5ty1 or ev5 fifte5 7 ! numb]s t :ite m5 7 tea*+4 ,! o!r ?+ :i* /ruck me 0 t ! selection ( subjects might be improv$4 ,= in/ance1 "o ( ! tea*]s 0 tea*+ ,anson's ,law ( ,contract2 "o c\ld sc>cely see h[ a k ( ! ,engli% law ( contract c\ld be v b5eficial to a resid5t 9 ,*9a2 & on look+ ov] ! book t ano!r class 0 us+1 ,i f\nd t !y 7 be+ in/ruct$ h[ to buy an adv[son 9 ,engl&4 ,i _c ( c\rse say t ! class 0 actually taught ?is int]e/+ in=mation1 b x 0 c]ta9ly 9 _! text-book4 ,ano!r text-book 0 a summ>y ( ! hi/ory ( ! _w2 x 0 issu$ by an ,am]ican firm4 ,on look+ up ! *apt] :i* ref]r$ to ,*9a ,i f\nd ! mo/ extreme expression t an ,am]ican democratic feel+ c\ld prompt us$ ) reg>d to ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a4 ,i po9t$ ?is out to ! ,*9am54 ,app>5tly no "o _h tak5 ! tr\ble to glance ?r\gh ! books t 7 be+ us$4 ,su* action is regrettable1 because x inevitably br+s ,we/]n education into disrepute1 & sugge/s x to be some?+ ess5tially revolution>y4 ,ano!r curi\s exp]i5ce 0 to f9d a ,cantonese ,*9aman tea*+ a sci5ce class 9 ,engli% because he did n "k ,m&>94 ,x w be "o ( ! limitations to ! usefulness ( ! ,hong-,kong #bhf ,univ]sity t ! bulk ( ! /ud5ts :o att5d x w be ,cantonese-speak+ ,*9am51 & !y w !re=e be ineffici5t z tea*]s to ! great mass ( ! ,*9ese empire4 ,a ,univ]sity :i* hopes to produce tea*]s :i* %all tea* ! :ole ( ,*9a mu/ be a ,univ]sity situat$ 9 ,m&>9-speak+ ,*9a4 ,x 0 wax+ late aft] we _h se5 ^! s*ools4 ,we _h consum$ a great am\nt ( ! day 9 p>tak+ ( a mo/ excell5t ,*9ese lun*eon1 :]e ! only mi/ake ,i _h made--at lea/ ! only "o ( :i* ,i 0 consci\s--0 9 n be+ in/ruct$ 9 ! nature ( ! ent]ta9m5t4 ,i _h yield$ to ! solicitations ( my ho/ & _h p>tak5 l>gely ( ! fir/ two or ?ree c\rses4 ,lat] on 9 ! lun*eon ,i 0 divid$ betwe5 ! desire to be polite & a fe> t ! capacity ( ! human body might be exce$$4 ,our ho/ 0 ! ,director ( ,education1 & my int]pret] :isp]$ to me t he _h a great k ( cook+ & t he lov$ a dry joke4 ,8 skill z a ,director ( ,education1 especially ( ,we/]n subjects1 might be d\bt$2 b z a k9dly ho/ & an amus+ companion he w\ld h few equals 9 our c\ntry4 ,?is aspect ( ! ,*9ese (ficial too (t5 escapes ! ,we/]n critic2 :e!r effici5t or ineffici5t1 !y are always agreeable m54 ,aft] lun*eon he begg$ to be excus$1 z he _h a visit ( c]emony to pay2 x 0 ! bir?day ( a de> fri5d's "m4 #bhg ,8 (ficial robes 7 br\ght out1 & clo!d 9 !m he took 8 seat 9 a s$an *air & left u4 ,we 7 tak5 on1 r unwill+ly ,i fanci$1 to see ! ,comm]cial ,s*ool4 ,! h\r ( ! classes 0 ov]1 b /ill ! s*ool 0 really in/ructive4 ,:at 0 s rem>kable ab\t x 0 ! extreme simplicity ( ! place :]e ! boys lodg$4 ,! s*ool is n ma9ta9$ by ,gov]nm5t1 b by ! ri* ,silk ,guild ( ,nank+4 ,_m memb]s ( ?is ,silk ,guild1 ,i 0 assur$1 w\ld only be able to read & write en\gh to c>ry on _! bus9ess4 ,!y are a ri* & p[]ful body1 & ?is s*ool is int5d$ = _! sons4 ,! dormitory 0 a slate-cov]$ build+ )\t any ceil+1 & ! b$s 7 arrang$ l b]?s on bo>d %ip1 "o on ! top ( ! o!r1 ) n>r[ passages betwe5 !m4 ,9 ?is way1 ( c\rse1 a room 0 made to hold a p]fectly surpris+ numb] ( individuals4 ,i c\ld n help rememb]+ ! ,*ur* ,army ,lodg+-h\se at home4 ,if we arrang$ ! b$s z !y 7 arrang$ 9 t room1 ?\gh we %\ld d\ble or treble ! numb] ( travell]s we c\ld h\se1 we %\ld incur ! wra? ( ! sanit>y au?ority4 ,v diff]5t 0 ! ,naval ,s*ool4 ,"h reign$ effici5cy1 = ! ,naval ,s*ool is "u ! p>tial control ( two (fic]s l5t by ,8 ,maje/y's ,navy4 ,! limit ( _! control 0 ! limit ( _! effici5cy4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t sometimes refus$ to let _! naval (fic]s be %[n an actual %ip2 _! idea 0 mu* ! same #bhh z t ( ! lady :o =bid h] son to ba! until he _h le>nt to swim4 ,! difficulty 0 v great = any?+ l practical in/ruction4 ,cont9ual repres5tations induc$ ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t to all[ ! boys to h a trip on ! riv] 9 an old %ip4 ,! mom5t ?is 0 accompli%$ !re 0 great self-congratulation on ! "p ( ! ,*9ese (ficial2 f resi/+ ?is reasonable sugge/ion !y *ang$ to self-laudation at ! wisdom ( accept+ ! plan4 ,! effici5cy ( ! tea*+ 0 n only h9d]$ by ! want ( practical k1 :i* is ( c\rse fatal to naval effici5cy1 b ^! (fic]s _h also to compla9 ( :at s _m o!r ,europeans h to compla9--fir/1 t ! p :om !y 7 s5t to tea* did n "k en\gh ,engli%1 s t mu* ( _! "t 0 sp5t 9 tea*+ elem5t>y ,engli%2 secondly1 t _! classes 7 n l>ge en\gh4 ,f> away ! mo/ effective way ( us+ a ,we/]n tea*] w\ld be to use !m z we saw !m us$ 9 "o s*ool4 ,! ,we/]n tea*] 0 support$ by two or ?ree ,*9ese assi/ants2 he gave 8 lecture 9 ,engli%1 & ! pupils took notes2 !n ! assi/ants w5t r\nd ! desks1 look$ at ! notes1 & expla9$ 9 ,*9ese all ^? po9ts t ! pupils _h n fully tak5 94 ,?is plan has ano!r advantage1 t x tra9s ^! ,*9ese tea*]s to cont9ue ! "w ( a ,we/]n tea*]1 & 9 "s ways x is a m effici5t sy/em ?an ! normal s*ools4 ,! ,we/]n tea*] ( c\rse ex]cises a g5]al #bhi sup]vision ov] 8 class & ma9ta9s ord] & discipl9e4 ,:ile ,i _h be5 busy ) ! boys' s*ools1 my wife _h be5 busy ) ! girls' s*ools4 ,%e 0 tak5 ov] ! ,vic]oy's ,s*ool1 ! "o already describ$ :]e ! little girls %[$ su* surpris+ k ( ! ,*9ese ,classics4 ,h] exp]i5ce 0 less happy ?an m9e4 ,! *ildr5 7 be+ drill$ by a ,japanese in/ructress :o c\ld h>dly play at all2 %e us$ a small gem h>monium1 & ! drill+ 0 little bett] ?an a feeble c\ntry dance4 ,! same in/ructress 0 responsible = a s++ lesson2 %e play$ ) "o h& on a h>monium1 & all[$ ! *ildr5 to bawl z !y pleas$ )\t ei!r "t or tune4 ,all ! pupils at ?is s*ool 7 day s*ol>s4 ,! int]pret] :o conduct$ ,mrs4 ,k+1 ! ,consul's wife1 & my wife ov] ?is & ! foll[+ s*ools _h remov$ 8 own daught] to a mission s*ool1 ?9k+ %e w\ld receive bett] tea*+4 ,z reg>ds ! musical "p ( ! in/ruction !re c be no "q b t he 0 "r4 ,! next s*ool %e saw 0 also = ! *ildr5 ( ! g5try1 :o support$ x by subscriptions4 ,!re 7 #adj girls1 fifty ( :om 7 bo>d]s ^: p>5ts paid = _! bo>d4 ,^! fifty "y ladies all slept 9 "o room1 & _! toilet arrangem5ts impress$ my wife z any?+ b luxuri\s2 ! effect 0 m l a /e]age cab9 on a big l9] ?an an ord9>y s*ool dormitory4 ,! class-rooms #bij 7 all on ! gr\nd floor1 lead+ f c\rty>d to c\rty>d 9 ,*9ese h\se fa%ion4 ,! in/ruction seem$ to be ma9ly ,*9ese1 ) att5tion paid to geography1 draw+1 & fancy "w1 ,engli% be+ taught by a "y ,*9ese tea*] 9 a r elem5t>y way4 ,! mi/resses appe>$ 9 dignifi$ skirts1 no d\bt z a symbol ( au?ority4 ,! la/ s*ool %e 0 %[n 0 l>g] & less exclusive4 ,x 0 well organis$1 ! classes be+ arrang$ ) s5se & discrim9ation4 ,!re 7 #bjj pupils ( all ages & ranks1 ! s*ool be+ a public "o4 ,!y 7 mo/ly dress$ 9 black4 ,t5 lady tea*]s presid$ ov] ?is s*ool1 includ+ a normal class ) a male sup]9t5d5t2 ! :ole 9 ,*9ese build+s4 ,! tea*+ compris$ ,confucian e?ics1 ! ,*9ese *>act]s1 ari?metic1 geography1 draw+ f flat copies1 & ,engli% giv5 by a "y ,*9ese girl :o _h be5 educat$ 9 a ,%anghai mission s*ool4 ,! in/ruction seem$ to be good on ! :ole4 ,ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! s*ol>s bo>d$ at ! s*ool4 ,atta*$ to x 0 a k9d]g>t5 manag$ r sleepily by two ,japanese4 ,aga9 ! *ildr5's s++ 0 h>dly wor?y ( ! "n4 ,my wife 0 impress$ by ! inf]iority ( ! ,gov]nm5t girls' s*ools to ! mission girls' s*ools 9 almo/ e p>ticul>4 ,d\btless !y w soon improve1 b at pres5t ! ,gov]nm5t does n seem able to obta9 effici5t tea*]s1 & is mu* too incl9$ to sp5d va/ sums on practically useless #bia app>atus--useless because ! in/ructors d n und]/& h[ to use x4 ,our exp]i5ces at ,nank+ 7 extremely int]e/+1 b !y 7 n exceptional4 ,we saw ov] ,gov]nm5t s*ools at ,wu*ang1 aga9 at ,*ang%a1 & also we saw some?+ ( ! ,pek+ ,univ]sity4 ,at ,*ang%a matt]s 7 n ne>ly s f> advanc$ z !y 7 at ,nank+4 ,!re 7 ! same ,japanese tea*]s1 "o ( :om taught ,engli%1 b ,i c\ld n get a s+le copy-book produc$ to %[ h[ f> !y _h advanc$ 9 ! k ( ?is language4 ,!re 7 ! same ,am]ican tea*]s2 good m51 b unable to d mu* ow+ to _! want ( k ( ,*9ese1 & ow+1 z ,i said be=e1 to a c]ta9 jeal\sy :i* prev5t$ !m hav+ a suffici5t numb] ( pupils4 ,! v excell5t s*ool :i* is c>ri$ on at ,%anghai1 "u ,we/]n managem5t1 =ms a good contra/ to ! o!rs4 ,?is s*ool does n pr(ess to tea* v advanc$ subjects1 b x tea*es ord9>y ,engli% subjects mo/ effici5tly4 ,! sy/em is ?is3 ! boys are fir/ taught 9 ,*9ese1 :ile !y are acquir+ ! rudim5ts ( ,we/]n k & ( ! ,engli% language2 !y are !n transf]r$ to a class :i* is taught 9 ,engli% by ,*9ese2 "h !y acquire f _! own c\ntrym5 a v ?or\gh k ( ,engli% & a tol]able k ( ,we/]n subjects4 ,9 bo? ^! divisions ( ! s*ool all explanations are giv5 9 ,*9ese4 ,aft] !y h acquir$ a good k ( ,engli% !y are !n #bib advanc$ to ! class :i* is taught by an ,engli%man1 :o has "s k ( ,*9ese2 "h !y p]fect _! k ( ,engli%1 & ! tea*] c if necess>y expla9 a difficulty by ! help ( a ,*9ese ^w4 ,la/ly1 !y are taught absolutely 9 ,engli% by an ,engli%man :o ne$ n "k any ,*9ese1 z x is nev] us$4 ,at ,wu*ang ! s*ools 7 simil> to ^? ( ,nank+4 ,! only s*ool :i* 0 exceptionally int]e/+ 0 ! ,s*ool ( ,languages4 ,?is 0 manag$ by a ,man*u1 :o 0 prompt1 exact1 & effici5t--9 fact1 ! v greate/ contra/ to ! usual ,*9ese (ficial4 ,he spoke ,fr5* p]fectly1 z he _h be5 br\ght up 9 ,p>is & sp5t "s "t 9 ! ,we/4 ,9 a few words he %[$ t he und]/ood ! problem ( education 9 ,*9a4 ,he told me t 8 nation w\ld nev] succe$ 9 tea*+ _! nationals ,we/]n subjects until !y select$ tea*]s :o _h "s exp]i5ce 9 ! k & 9 ! art ( tea*+1 & t ! habit ( reg>d+ all ,we/]n]s z capable ( tea*+ all ,we/]n subjects mu/ produce disa/]4 ,he boldly pr(ess$ himself a ,roman ,ca?olic1 & 0 "o ( sev]al examples t came "u my notice ( ! wond]ful influ5ce t ,*ri/ianity has on ! =mation ( a vigor\s "*4 ,! boys _h be5 v well taught 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*1 & ,i ga!r$ 9 ,g]man & ,russian z well4 ,c]ta9ly if ,*9a gets su* m5 to lead h]1 %e ne$ h little fe> ( ! p[] ( ! ,we/4 #bic ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,education ,! difficulties 9 ! way ( education diff] 9 ,gov]nm5t s*ools & 9 ,mission s*ools4 ,if ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t c\ld unite ! ,gov]nm5t s*ools to ! ,mission s*ools1 !y w\ld ov]come all ^! difficulties1 & !y w\ld h a mo/ p]fect sy/em ( ,we/]n education4 ,( all ! difficulties ly+ 9 ! way ( ,gov]nm5t s*ools1 fir/ & =emo/ is ! fundam5tal weakness ( ,*9a1 t weakness :i* is endang]+ h] national exi/5ce1 a weakness :i* ,i fe> %e w nev] completely surm\nt until %e accepts a high] ideal4 ,= h] weakness is ! univ]sal gre$ = ga94 ,resid5t aft] resid5t report$ ! same cause ( weakness1 t a ,*9aman _c resi/ tak+ 8 squeeze--t is1 8 commission4 ,x is n ( c\rse s di%one/ z x w\ld be on our side ( ! globe1 because a ,*9aman is m or less av[$ly paid by ^! commissions1 & !re=e 9 _m ways !y are r equival5t to ! fees paid by an ,engli%man to a ,gov]nm5t (fice ?an to illicit commissions1 ! acceptance ( :i* 9 ?is c\ntry is puni%able by law4 ,if x is n z immoral1 x is almo/ z delet]i\s to effici5cy1 because x t5ds #bid to make (ficials unreasonable 9 _! action4 ,to ask ! reason :y ?+s are done 9 ,*9a1 is always to receive ! answ] t somebody got a squeeze !reby4 ,& s x is ) education4 ,z we w&]$ ?r\gh room aft] room fill$ ) app>atus suffici5t to tea* ?\s&s ( /ud5ts1 & ( su* a complicat$ nature z absolutely to confuse ^? /ud5ts :5 taught1 "o long$ t a ti! ( ?is exp5diture c\ld h be5 us$ = t modicum ( app>atus :i* is necess>y to make n a few mission s*ools ?or\ghly effici5t4 ,mu* ( ! app>atus has nev] got outside its pack+ cases1 & p]haps a great deal _h bett] p]man5tly rema9 !re1 = no?+ is s subv]sive to ! prop] tea*+ ( m5 ^: great defect is t !y h nev] h&l$ ?+s ) _! h&s1 z to give !m complicat$ app>atus to demon/rate ! mo/ recondite laws ( sci5ce4 ,a great sci5tific tea*]1 :5 consult$ ab\t ! app>atus necess>y = elem5t>y sci5ce1 advis$ pl5ty ( bonnet wire1 glass tubes1 & "o or two o!r little ?+s ( t sort4 ,:5 "o asks :y ! ,*9ese h be5 s lavi% 9 _! exp5diture on app>atus :i* !y _c & w n use1 ! reply is ! same old answ]--somebody got a commission4 ,bui ,i ?9k beyond t !re is a real belief t education is a matt] ( exp5sive app>atus--a belief :i* is n altoge!r unkn[n on ?is side ( ! globe4 #bie ,?is br+s me to ! second great difficulty 9 ! pa? ( ,gov]nm5t education4 ,!y w believe t an effici5t education results r f hav+ an exp5sive build+ ?an f a compet5t tea*]4 ,i h be=e _h occasion to ref] to ! extreme simplicity ( ! life ( ! ,*9ese4 ,_m ( ! s*ools 7 h\s$1 & v com=tably h\s$1 9 ,*9ese h\ses4 ,! ,*9ese h\se always looks out on a c\rty>d1 & c\rty>d is jo9$ to c\rty>d by passages4 ,! rooms are only divid$ f ! c\rty>d by c>v$ wood5 scre5s ^: int]/ices are sometimes fill$ ) pap] & sometimes n4 ,!y are em95tly sanit>y--9 fact1 to a l>ge ext5t !y fulfil ! requirem5ts ( ! op5-air cure4 ,9 "o case 9 ! c\rty>d 7 a lot ( bas9s & ew]s1 & ! boys 7 compell$ to h a wa%1 :i* if ext5sive mu/1 9 ! w9t]1 h be5 extremely unpleasant4 ,= all ?is ,i express$ my s9c]e admiration to my fri5d ! ,director ( ,education1 b he receiv$ my complim5t mu* 9 ! same _s ) :i* a "m accepts y\r ass]tion t h] *ild is f> pretti] 9 h] e-day dress ) t\sl$ hair ?an %e is 9 h] ,sunday clo!s1 z ) hide\s tid9ess & ph>isaic pomp %e w5ds h] way to *ur*4 ,my complim5t 0 tak5 almo/ z an insult4 ,i 0 !n %[n ! ideal ( ,*9a1 a huge & hide\s build+1 modell$ on ! ar*itecture :i* :ite m5 deem necess>y to enable !m to support ! tropical heat1 to ! fatal effects ( :i* !y are #bif s s5sitive2 massive walls to c>ry ! heavy ro(2 huge ar*$ v]&ahs :]e :ite p may get ! brea? ( air !y s ne$4 ,( :at use are all ^! to a race :o _c und]/& :at y mean :5 y speak ( ! heat be+ unheal?y1 :o1 h[ev] s5sitive to cold & wet1 fl\ri% 9 ! w>m? to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$ all _! lives8 ,! ,*9ese d n admire ?is ar*itecture = its /hetic effect2 !y c>e little ab\t its heat-resi/+ qualities4 ,!y l x because x is ,we/]n2 because ,we/]n p are educat$ 9 su* build+s2 because1 ,i suppose1 !y expect ,we/]n le>n+ to "w 9 "s way ?r\gh ^? massive /one walls to ! m9ds ( ! pupils2 & because !y fancy ,we/]n ideas w\ld be m easily und]/ood 9 ^! hide\s surr\nd+s4 ,?irdly1 !re is no s]i\s ef=t made to get good tea*]s4 ,at "o "t1 ,i und]/&1 !y _h 9 _! s]vice a v rem>kable body ( m5--m5 l ,pr(essor ,m>t9 ( ,pek+--^: k 0 only equall$ by ! s9c]ity ( _! purpose4 ,lately !y h be5 gett+ rid ( ^! m5 z fa/ z !y c\ld1 ! cry ( ,*9a = ! ,*9ese be+ p]haps responsible = ?is movem5t2 & !y h endeav\r$ to replace !m by ,*9ese subjects ) b little success4 ,!y h !re=e fall5 back aga9 on =eign]s1 l>gely on ,japanese4 ,^! m5 are "s ( !m v able & qualifi$ tea*]s2 "s1 on ! o!r h&1 h _h little or no exp]i5ce ( tea*+1 & _! ineffici5cy t5ds #big to br+ all =eign tea*]s into disrepute4 ,n only mu/ ! tea*] h a special k ( ! art ( tea*+1 b a tea*] ( a race l ! ,*9ese1 ) diff]5t traditions to our own1 mu/ well und]/& ^? traditions4 ,we c be/ realise ! enorm\s difficulty a ,*9ese /ud5t has ( le>n+ f a ,we/]n tea*] by rememb]+ h[ impossible x is = any ( u to und]/& some?+ t is put f a ,*9ese po9t ( view4 ,if ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t want effici5t =eign tea*]s1 !y mu/ n pick up anybody1 b !y mu/ hold out inducem5ts to "y m5 to come z tea*]s1 & mu/ give !m security ( t5ure4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t _h 9 _! s]vice su* an effici5t body ( m5 z c\ld be f\nd 9 ! mission s*ools1 !y w\ld h no difficulty4 ,ano!r difficulty :i* /&s 9 ! way ( ! ,*9ese s*ools is _! want ( discipl9e4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable developm5ts 9 ,*9a is ! s*ool /rike4 ,!y h und\bt$ly extraord9>y p[]s ( unit$ action1 b ! s*ool /rike orig9ates z mu* 9 ! weakness ( ! tea*]s z x does 9 ! rem>kable p[] ! ,*9ese race has ( unit$ action2 y he> ( x all ov] ,*9a1 & x is sometimes ludicr\s1 sometimes s]i\s4 ,"o s*ool /ruck because ! =eign tea*]s requir$ ! pupils to pass an exam9ation ( effici5cy be=e !y w\ld give !m a te/imonial4 ,?is 0 deem$ mo/ incorrect by ! #bih s*ol>s1 :o held a doctr9e :i* w\ld be v attractive to our own und]graduates1 t resid5ce alone 0 a suffici5t qualification = a degree4 ,_m ( ! /rikes take place = mo/ occult reasons4 ,& ?is br+s me to mission s*ools1 = /rikes take place equally ) !m z 9 ,gov]nm5t s*ools4 ,!y occur 9 boys' & 9 girls' s*ools1 & = ! mo/ un-und]/&able reasons4 ,9 "o s*ool ! /rike began because a ,*9ese tea*] caught hold ( a boy's queue & dragg$ him by x4 ,! boy's face 0 injur$1 & 8 companions made common cause4 ,ano!r /rike took place 9 a girls' s*ool because a girl 0 puni%$4 ,( c\rse ^! /rikes d n occur :]e !re is an effici5t & vigor\s tea*]4 ,x 0 attempt$1 = in/ance1 ) ,ar*deacon ,m\le1 b x only end$ 9 ! lead]s be+ can$4 ,/ill1 "o mission _h its s*ool practically ru9$ by "o ( ^! /rikes2 x 0 ! result ( an intrigue by an unbeliev+ tea*] :o _h be5 employ$ by mi/ake4 ,^! /rikes are n a v great difficulty to ! mission :5 x is 9 *>ge ( effici5t & exp]i5c$ m52 a little ju/ice & firmness app>5tly soon disposes ( any unreasonable resi/ance to au?ority1 & tact & k prev5t any friction :i* may result f regulations t may be (f5sive to ,*9ese ideas4 ,a f> great] difficulty 9 ! mission s*ools is ! "q ( f9ance4 ,! ,*9ese = ! mo/ "p pay _! s*ol>s2 ! result is t ! mission s*ool #bii has to compete n only aga9/ a free s*ool1 b aga9/ a s*ool 9 :i* pupils are paid to come1 & x appe>s z if x w\ld be almo/ an impossibility = mission s*ools to support !mselves aga9/ su* competition4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is usually f\nd t s great a value d ! ,*9ese put on ! effici5t education t !y receive 9 ! mission s*ool t !y are will+ to pay a reasonable fee r ?an be paid = ! useless education giv5 by ! ,gov]nm5t s*ool4 ,/ill x makes f9ance a c]ta9 difficulty4 ,_m ( ! s*ools are l>gely self-support+2 o!rs rely on fees to f9d bo>d & lodg+s = ! pupils & ! sal>ies ( ! native tea*]s4 ,s t e s*ool m or less c>ries a great f9ancial burd54 ,! great difficulty ( mission s*ools at ! pres5t "t spr+s p>tially f ,gov]nm5t action4 ,! ideal ( e ,*9aman is at pres5t to be 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,gov]nm5t2 we mu/ emphasise t ^w at pres5t1 because und\bt$ly1 ow+ to ! railway developm5t ( ,*9a1 a weal?y comm]cial class mu/ arise all ov] h] l&1 z x has already ris5 9 ! great port t[ns4 ,?is class w be indep5d5t ( ,gov]nm5t & w be ! class t ne$s ,we/]n education m ?an any o!r class1 = !y w be 9 intimate contact ) ! ,we/4 ,b at pres5t ^? :o seek a high] education hope = ! mo/ "p = ,gov]nm5t employm5t4 ,"o ( ! rules ( ,gov]nm5t employm5t is t ! (ficials %all on #cjj c]ta9 days repair to ! v>i\s temples to repres5t ! ,emp]or1 & x is naturally held t su* action is impossible = a ,*ri/ian4 ,besides ?is1 ! ,gov]nm5t makes x extremely h>d if n impossible = a ,*ri/ian to g to its ,univ]sity at ,pek+4 ,all tea*]s & pupils 9 a ,gov]nm5t s*ool are requir$ on ! ,emp]or's bir?day to b[ d[n or k[-t[ to ! tablet ( ,confucius4 ,mission>ies hold t su* action is n consi/5t ) ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & !re=e ! mission s*ool is v loa? to s5d its ,*ri/ian pupils on to ! ,gov]nm5t ,univ]sity4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be /at$ t sev]al ,*9ese s*ol>s1 includ+ a ,*ri/ian1 h indignantly d5i$ t ! k[-t[+ to ! tablet ( ,confucius implies any?+ m ?an ! respect due to ! greate/ ?9k] t ,*9a ev] possess$4 ,we _h ! privilege ( be+ %[n ov] ,pek+ ,univ]sity by an extremely able & pleasant ,*9ese g5tleman1 a ,*ri/ian4 ,he %[$ u ! tablet ( ,confucius & expla9$ to u ! c]emony4 ,x mu/ be own$ t ext]nally !re 0 b little t "o c\ld associate ) ! idea ( div9ity4 ,! tablet 0 beh9d a glass case1 & at fir/ x sugge/$ "s sort ( educational app>atus4 ,! desks 7 plac$ at "r angles to x1 s t x did n actually occupy :at c\ld be reg>d$ z ! *ief place 9 ! room4 ,! g5tleman :o %[$ u ov] /r5u\sly d5i$ t any ( ! pupils 9 ,pek+ ,gov]nm5t ,univ]sity c\ld reg>d #cja ,confucius z ,god4 ,none 7 admitt$ to ! ,univ]sity except ^? :o 7 already well v]s$ 9 ! ,*9ese ,classics1 & !y knew p]fectly well t 9 ^! ,classics ,confucius said t he _h no sup]natural p[]2 :ile ! lead+ comm5tator on ,confucius1 ! man ^: tea*+ _h m ?an any o!r influ5c$ mod]n ,confucianism1 0 av[$ly an agno/ic1 & !re=e1 s f> f reg>d+ ! tablet z div9e1 x w\ld be ne>] ! tru? to say t ! great] bulk ( ! s*ol>s disbelieve 9 ! idea ( ,god altoge!r1 or at any rate hold an agno/ic position ) reg>d to x4 ,:5 ,i put ^! difficulties to an em95t mission>y ! answ] 01 yes1 b by a late edict !y h made ,confucius equal to heav5 & e>?1 & s :atev] d\bts !re 7 be=e h be5 resolv$1 & ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t has decre$ to ,confucius div9e hon\r4 ,i put ?is criticism to an able civil s]vant 9 ! employ ( ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t1 & he answ]$ t t decree 0 really int5d$ to h ! opposite effect4 ,! ,*9ese are aw>e t !y are z a matt] ( fact relegat+ ,confucius to a second>y place 9 education1 & !y are !re=e mo/ anxi\s to propitiate ! ,confucian s*ol>s4 ,!y h compromis$ ! matt] mu* on ! same sy/em t we use 9 ! ,we/ ) reg>d to "s politician ^: s]vices h be5 valuable1 b :o is actually a h9drance 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,confucius has be5 giv5 div9e hon\rs #cjb z ! worn-out politician 9 ,engl& is giv5 a pe]age2 x is a =m ( hon\rable retirem5t4 ,a v intellectual ,*9ese1 h[ev]1 express$ himself q o!rwise1 say+ t anybody :o und]/ood ,*9ese views w\ld h grasp$ ! mean+ ( mak+ ,confucius equal to heav5 & e>?4 ,z heav5 & e>? induce ! weal? ( mank9d1 s has ,confucius done by 8 tea*+2 z heav5 & e>? c *ange ?+s & make ?+s exi/ t 7 n1 s ) ,confucius2 b t ,*9ese !ology reg>ds heav5 & e>? z creat$ by ! "o ,god1 & !re=e ,confucius is put 9 ! position ( an exalt$ b a creat$ be+4 ,:at impresses p]haps ! ,we/]n] m ?an ?is r recondite ,*9ese reason+ is ! simple fact t :ile by ! ,gov]nm5t edict x is decre$ t ! tablet ( ,confucius %all be hon\r$ by ?ree b[+s & n9e knock+s1 x is also orda9$ t ! s*oolma/] %all be hon\r$ by "o b[+ or k[-t[ & ?ree times knock+ ! gr\nd ) ! head4 ,! simil>ity ( ! salute to ! s*oolma/] & to ! tablet ( ,confucius r disposes ( ! idea t ! act ( rev]5ce to ! tablet involves wor%ip4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is po9t$ out t ?is is ! ma9 c]emony t is obs]v$ 9 :at are call$ ! temples ( ,confucius2 b :5 ?is 0 put to a ,*9aman1 8 answ] 0 t !y 7 n temples1 & if !re _h be5 any wor%ip 9 ^? temples1 !y w\ld h be5 frequ5t$ #cjc z mu* by ! wom5 & *ildr5 z by ! m51 b z a matt] ( fact !y 7 frequ5t$ only by lit]ati4 ,:5 x 0 sugge/$ t on occasion1 h[ev]1 !re 7 sacrifices 9 ^! temples1 he did n d5y ?is1 b *ang$ ! subject4 ,b we mu/ n say t ! respect & rev]5ce (f]$ to ,confucius1 :e!r x involves idolatry or n1 is ! only reason :y ,*ri/ian pupils are advis$ n to g to ! ,gov]nm5t ,univ]sities4 ,!re are two o!r great reasons4 ,! fir/ is an extremely practical "o3 ! education 9 ,gov]nm5t ,univ]sities is av[$ly imp]fect4 ,! fact t ! ,gov]nm5t h subscrib$ to ! ,engli% ,univ]sity at ,hong-,kong & to ! ,g]man ,college 9 ,%antung %[ t !y are aw>e ( _! own %ortcom+s4 ,! second reason is t ! racial *>act]i/ics ( ,*9am5 dem& t !y %\ld act z a body4 ,an acute obs]v] ass]t$ t1 z f> z he 0 able to judge ! matt]1 no ,*9aman ev] act$ indep5d5tly2 & t !re=e x is putt+ a burd5 great] ?an ! race c be> to ask t ,*ri/ians %\ld ma9ta9 _! ,*ri/ianity :5 !y are surr\nd$ by an unbeliev+ & hea!n atmosph]e2 & t1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! result ( s5d+ /ud5ts to ,gov]nm5t ,univ]sities w\ld1 except 9 cases ( m5 ( v /rong "*1 be to s5d !m to unbelief4 ,yet a great] & simpl] objection is t ^! ,gov]nm5t ,univ]sities = ! mo/ #cjd "p d n exi/1 & t x is impossible = small in/itutions l t at ,pek+ to take ev5 a hundr$? "p ( ! /ud5ts :o are clam\r+ = ,we/]n education4 ,b ! mission s*ools h ano!r & a new] difficulty1 "o :i* is caus+ ! greate/ he>t-se>*+4 ,?is ,i mu/ res]ve = ! next *apt]4 #cje ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,a ,,univ]sity ,,expla9$ ,! great dang] t ?reat5s mission s*ools1 a dang] :i* is increas+ e ye>1 is t ! be/ pupils ( ^! s*ools h to g to ,univ]sities 9 se>* ( ,we/]n k :]e !y are expos$ to ! insidi\s attacks ( ,we/]n mat]ialism4 ,! tea*]s h at pres5t no alt]native2 !y h to s5d ! be/ & brighte/ ( _! pupils some:]e to complete _! education4 ,x w\ld be unfair on a boy to refuse to s5d him on1 & if he is to receive a high] education1 :]e c he get x b at "s place :]e ! atmosph]e is di/9ctly anti-,*ri/ian4 ,!re is 9 ! ,ea/ no place ) a neutral atmosph]e z !re is 9 ! ,we/4 ,9 ! ,we/ mo/ p h _h "s ,*ri/ian tra9+1 or at lea/ !y compreh5d ,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,s 9 a ,we/]n in/itution1 ev5 if ! education be :olly secul>1 a ,*ri/ian does n f9d ev]y?+ antipa!tic to 8 fai?4 ,b 9 ! ,ea/ ! va/ majority are non-,*ri/ian1 & consequ5tly ! moral & intellectual atmosph]e is ho/ile & antipa!tic to a ,*ri/ian4 ,"h if an in/itution is non-religi\s x is probably n ho/ile to religion4 #cjf ,9 ! ,ea/ if an in/itution is non-religi\s x is probably anti-,*ri/ian4 ,at pres5t ! only ,univ]sity 9 action is t ( ,tokio1 ?\gh we are promis$ o!rs1 & its ill effects h be5 s obvi\s t ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t h ord]$ a :olesale )drawal ( pupils f its unheal?y influ5ce4 ,z we h already po9t$ out1 ,we/]n civilisation is magnific5t b x is de/ructive1 & :5 taught )\t any con/ructive religi\s tea*+ x inevitably t5ds to de/roy all spiritual ideas & too (t5 also to p]v]t ! moral ideals ( ! race4 ,z ! pupil goes ?r\gh ! mission s*ool he le>ns )9 its walls to %ake himself free f ! haunt+ fe> ( demons :i* besets e ,*9aman2 he has sl[ly realis$ t ,god is holy1 good & lov+1 & has ei!r accept$ ,*ri/ianity or /&s on ! ?re%old ( ! =mal acceptance2 he has rea*$ ! end ( ! curriculum ( ! s*ool or college & 8 brilliancy dem&s a high] education4 ,attract$ by ! reputation ( ,tokio1 he goes to its ,univ]sity1 & !re he f9ds himself 9 an atmosph]e :]e all ! de/ructive ?\ght ( ,europe gr[s rankly2 ! good ,god 9 :om he has le>n$ to believe 9 ! mission s*ool foll[s 9 ! track ( ! demons ( 8 y\?1 & he is left believ+ 9 a _w f\nd$ by bl9d *ance1 :]e e?ics are ?+s ( s]vice to re/ra9 y\r neighb\r b folly to foll[ y\rself4 ,eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die1 is ! lesson :i* is n p]haps taught 9 s _m words1 b #cjg :i* none ! less is =c$ into 8 m9d2 8 views become ^? ( ,fal/aff2 all t is f9e1 all t is noble1 flees f 8 life2 ?\gh he no long] believes 9 ! ,god ( ,love1 he does n return to ! belief 9 ! demons ( 8 y\?2 !re is no?+ 9 8 _w beyond gett+ ri* or gratify+ ! fle% & laugh+ at ^? p :o believe 9 high] ideals4 ,he has be5 acqua9t$ ) & has le>nt to loa! f 8 y\? up ! philosophy ( ,yang ,*oo4 ,he has1 = in/ance1 despis$ su* a s5t5ce z ?is3 ,! p ( high antiquity knew bo? ! %ortness ( life & h[ sudd5ly & completely x might be clos$ by dea?1 & !re=e !y obey$ e sugge/ion ( ! movem5ts ( _! he>ts1 refus+ n :at 0 natural = !m to l1 nor seek+ to avoid any pleasure t occurr$ to !m1 !y paid no he$ to ! incitem5t ( fame2 !y enjoy$ !mselves accord+ to _! nature2 !y did n resi/ ! common t5d5cy ( all ?+s to self-enjoym5t2 !y c>$ n to be fam\s aft] dea?4 ,!y manag$ to keep cle> ( puni%m5t2 z to fame & praise1 be+ fir/ or la/1 long life or %ort life1 ^! ?+s did n come into _! calculations4 ,& n[ he f9ds t ! philosophy ( ,yang ,*oo is z he supposes ! newe/ ?\ght ( ! great ri* successful ,we/]n _w2 z he returns to 8 home & spreads abroad ! poison\s doctr9es t he has imbib$1 ! mission>y wond]s :e!r1 aft] all1 x w\ld n h be5 bett] to h left ! man to 8 primitive demonology4 #cjh ,! ,am]ican mission bodies saw ?is dang] f ! fir/1 & h already set up great educational e/abli%m5ts :i* to a c]ta9 ext5t supply ?is ne$4 ,t great in/itution ,bi%op ,graves' ,college at ,jessfield1 ! ,boone ,college at ,wu*ang1 ! ,briti% ,college at ,weihsi51 & ,me?odi/ ,univ]sities at ,soo*[ & ,pek+1 are all examples ( good "w4 ,b !y d n1 any ( !m1 br+ ! /ud5t up to :at we call ,univ]sity /&>d1 or :at ,i und]/& is call$ 9 ,am]ica ! po/-graduate c\rse2 :at is felt is1 t !re is ne$ ( an in/itution 9 :i* ! highe/ k %all be taught1 :]e ! true aspect ( ,we/]n ?\ght %all be %[n--n t aspect :i* is br++ ,france to de/ruction1 n t aspect :i* makes ,belgium unconc]n$ at ! ,congo sc&als1 b ! aspect :i* bo? 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,engl& we h always admir$ at lea/ 9 !ory1 & 9 practice :5 we h be5 /rong4 ,! fundam5tal tru? on :i* our civilisation re/s is t ,god is good1 & t !re=e tru? & progress are "r & possible1 & t ! highe/ expression ( ! goodness ( ,god is 9 ,8 inc>nation z x is univ]sally taught by ,*ri/ians ( v>i\s views & ( _m d5om9ations4 ,! ,we/ owes to ! ,ea/1 if !re is any common duty ( man to man1 to set be=e x ! real tru? z to ! greatness ( ,we/]n civilisation1 namely1 t x is ! result ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b missions are n anxi\s m]ely = a ,univ]sity #cji z a means ( def5ce aga9/ ! mat]iali/ic onslaught :i* ?reat5s _! "w--!y ne$ x = _m o!r reasons2 = in/ance1 ! ,univ]sity w\ld make x possible = all d5om9ations to h highly educat$ native m9i/]s4 ,no /ud5t ( missions c ev] be cont5t to reg>d !m z an ideal arrangem5t4 ,! conception ( a race be+ m9i/]$ to spiritually by ano!r race is obvi\sly inadequate2 x is op5 to _m criticisms2 !re mu/ be a confusion 9 ! m9d ( ! conv]t betwe5 :at is national & :at is ,*ri/ian2 "o ,*9ese reg>d$ ,*ri/ianity ) d\bt because he _h he>d t ! ,g]man ,emp]or is a ,*ri/ian1 & to 8 m9d he is ! embodim5t ( ! fi]ce piratical ,we/]n races4 ,! ^w :i* ! ,*9ese use = robb]s means r$-be>d$ m51 s associat$1 alas1 is ! ,we/]n race 9 ,*9a ) w> & rap9e2 x is easy = a memb] ( ! ,we/]n races to be misund]/ood :5 he is talk+ ab\t ! religion ( love4 ,w\ld any ,engli% p>i% l z its ,rector a ,*9aman1 ev5 if he 7 sa9tly & w5t s f> z to cut (f 8 queue8 ,sett+ aside ! associations ( ! ,we/]n race1 ! ,we/]n race has great difficulty 9 speak+ ,*9ese )\t mak+ ridicul\s mi/akes4 ,:o among u has n smil$ :5 ! ,*9aman's inability to say ! lett] r has caus$ him to (f] u lice to eat1 b :at mu/ x be to ! ,*9aman :5 he he>s ! ,we/]n prea*] lo/ amid/ ^? my/]i\s ,*9ese intonations1 & #caj !re=e mak+ "s wond]ful /atem5t4 ,a ,*9ese g5tleman assur$ me t he _h li/5$ to a mission>y extoll+ ! virtues ( a wild pig4 ,rev]5ce =bids expla9+ :at 0 really meant4 ,if ! m9i/]s ( religion are to be ,*9ese1 x is obvi\s t !y mu/ be highly educat$ ,*9ese2 to h religion taught by ignorant m5 9 a c\ntry l ,*9a :]e le>n+ is rev]5c$ s pr(\ndly1 mu/ be to condemn x z ! religion ( ! coolie4 ,! ,*9ese m9i/] mu/ be able to ma9ta9 8 position1 n only aga9/ ! ,confucian s*ol>1 b aga9/ ! ,we/]n mat]iali/1 & mu/ !re=e h an equally good education4 ,)\t say+ t x is reasonable to expect t ! ,we/]n mission>y %\ld be )drawn )9 ! next few ye>s1 ,i ?9k x is wisdom = e mission body to aim at f\nd+ a body ( educat$ native cl]gy :o c free ,*ri/ianity f ! taunt ( be+ a =eign religion1 & :o c1 :5 ! =eign] leaves ,*9a1 take 8 place & uphold ! fai?4 ,if to h an educat$ native m9i/ry is "o great object ( ! ,univ]sity1 ano!r great & only less important object is ! creation ( an intellectual ,*ri/ian laity :o %all =m & direct ,*ri/ian public op9ion4 ,! s*ool tea*]1 ! writ]1 are only "o degree less important1 if inde$ !y are s1 ?an ! ,*ri/ian m9i/]2 & if z ,*9a assimilates ,we/]n civilisation1 %e f9ds 9 h] mid/ a body ( m5 conv]sant #caa ) ! be/ side ( t civilisation1 able to int]pret its my/]ies to h]1 s t x does n become subv]sive to all spiritual religion & morality1 x is m ?an probable t %e w take ^? m5 & put !m 9 high positions1 & ! gra9 ( mu/>d se$ w by _! means gr[ into a plant :i* %all ov]%ad[ ! :ole ( ,*9a4 ,! o!r day ,i 0 read+ h[ ,/4 ,grimaldi & ,/4 ,neots f\nd$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d 9 #hhf4 ,!ology1 gramm> & rhetoric1 music & ari?metic1 geometry & a/ronomy1 7 ! subjects taught4 ,aft] a ?\s& ye>s we are 9 a position to judge ( ! success ( ! exp]im5t4 ,surely e "o w wi% to h a h& 9 f\nd+ a simil> und]tak+4 ,! f\ndation ( ?is ,univ]sity _c = two or ?ree reasons be left to "o body4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 no "o communion w be ri* en\gh to und]take su* a "w2 secondly1 x might cause a c]ta9 n>r[ness ( atmosph]e2 ?irdly & *iefly1 co-op]ation among ,*ri/ians w\ld af=d an object-lesson to ! ,*9ese ( ! real unity !re is betwe5 !m4 ,we are con/antly twitt$ ) ! fact t we confuse ! hea!n by pr(ess+ ! religion ( love & !n sett+ be=e !m a mass ( w>r+ sects4 ,if we c unite 9 ! f\nd+ ( su* a ,univ]sity1 we %all %[ t ?\gh we see ! ,*ri/ian tru? 9 diff]5t aspects we h agre$ t tru? is "o1 & h 9 spite ( our divisions a fundam5tal unity4 ,:5 #cab ?is matt] 0 ref]r$ to at ! ,%anghai ,conf]5ce1 consid]able difficulty 0 felt among mission>ies z to ! t]ms on :i* su* a ,univ]sity %\ld be f\nd$4 ,x 0 agre$ to ref] x to ! ,committee on ,education1 & t ,committee ( ,education has 9 ! ye> #aiji welcom$ ! =mation ( su* a ,univ]sity4 ,dr4 ,hawks ,pott1 :o ( all m5 9 ,*9a c be/ speak z an au?ority on education1 s9ce he has organis$ & ma9ta9$ t wond]ful in/itution at ,jessfield1 w>mly advocat$ its =mation4 ,no d\bt "o ( ! reasons :y ! mission>ies n[ see _! way to ! acceptance ( ?is ,univ]sity is because a neutral body has come =w>d to initiate ! und]tak+4 ,committees ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge h be5 sitt+ = _m mon?s consid]+ ! "q ) all ! skill & ability :i* _! great le>n+ & te*nical k enable !m to br+ to be> on ?is subject4 ,?\gh ( c\rse !y h a ?or\gh k ( education 9 all its aspects1 !y 7 aw>e t !y lack$ k ( ,*9a & ! ,*9ese1 s = _m mon?s !y he>d & exam9$ ! evid5ce ( any "o :o 0 ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ,*9a & ) ! conditions ( mission>y "w4 ,!y devis$ a s*eme :i* !y ?\ght w\ld at once satisfy ! work]s 9 ! mission field & be acceptable to ! ,*9ese4 ,! m]e outl9e ( ! s*eme is t ?is ,univ]sity %\ld enc\rage ! =mation ( d5om9ational ho/els1 :i* %all #cac be "u ! control ( individual mission>y bodies1 & :i* %all =m colleges at ! ,univ]sity2 & :ile ! ,univ]sity alone w\ld conc]n itself ) giv+ secul> tea*+ f a neutral /&po9t1 ! colleges w\ld give ,*ri/ian tea*+ to _! pupils4 ,9 ?is way all conflict betwe5 missions w\ld be avoid$2 ea* mission w\ld cont9ue to c>e = ! pupils :i* x _h hi!rto %elt]$ & educat$4 ,to ! ,univ]sity w\ld accrue ! great ga9 ( hav+ a supply ( prop]ly prep>$ pupils com+ into x f ! mission s*ools1 "o ( ! causes ( disappo9tm5t ( ill-consid]$ ,univ]sity s*emes be+ t !re is no prop] provision = a supply ( pupils4 ,9 ! ,we/ !re are num]\s second>y s*ools1 & any ,univ]sity c easily f9d a suffici5t numb] ( pupils prop]ly gr\nd$ 9 k4 ,9 ! ,ea/ to erect a ,univ]sity )\t fe$+ s*ools is l build+ a h\se 9 ! ,*9ese fa%ion ro( fir/4 ,! ,yale ,univ]sity ,mission f\nd itself compell$ to set up elem5t>y s*ools to tea* ! elem5t>y ,we/]n k :i* 0 necess>y be=e ev5 ! l[e/ grade ( college "w c\ld be attempt$4 ,we/]n tea*]s are1 z we h be=e expla9$1 few & f> betwe5 outside ! mission s*ools1 & !re=e mission s*ools w\ld bo? help & be help$ by a ,univ]sity4 ,! ,univ]sity completes ! "w !y h begun1 & returns ! m5 to ! mission to c>ry on its "w ) hon\r & effici5cy4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! mission supplies ! #cad ,univ]sity ) pupils1 :i* aft] all are ! prime necessity ( education4 ,ano!r great feature ( ! ,ox=d & ,cambridge s*eme 0 t ! ,univ]sity %\ld aim to be a native ,univ]sity1 & ?is no d\bt 0 ! side :i* attract$ ! ,*9ese4 ,in/ead ( us+ k1 ! common h]itage ( all m51 z ! means ( impos+ ! dom9ation ( ! ali5 on ,*9a1 k is (f]$ by ?is ,univ]sity z ess5tially ! ?+ :i* belongs to ,*9a z well z to any o!r race4 ,if 9 ! comm5cem5t ! majority ( ! pr(essors mu/ belong to ! ,we/]n race1 x is to be hop$ t _m ( its pr(essors w soon come f ,*9a1 & t :5 ! ,univ]sity is well begun1 & ,*ri/ianity has become z national a religion z x is 9 our l&1 & ,we/]n civilisation has lo/ ! "r to describe itself by t epi!t1 & has become ! civilisation ( ! ,ea/ z ( ! ,we/1 !n ! ,univ]sity ^: f\ndation is n[ be+ laid may be ! great light ( ! future ,*9a4 ,p]haps ! mo/ important "p ( ! s*eme is t :i* sugge/s d5om9ational ho/els z ! prop] solution ( ! difficulties t beset union & int]d5om9ational "w 9 ! mission field4 ,!re are obvi\s difficulties 9 arrang+ = a common religi\s tea*+1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 x is v advantage\s = ! _m mission bodies at "w 9 ,*9a to %[ a unit$ front aga9/ ! new mat]ialism & ! anci5t sup]/ition4 #cae ,no?+ s %[s ! p[] ( ,*ri/ian love z a union "w ( ?is nature4 ,we ,*ri/ians are (t5 taunt$ ) our diff]5ces1 & we are assur$ t _m w support any s*eme t makes = union & peace betwe5 ! diff]5t elem5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,"h is a s*eme :i* w t5d to br+ ,*ri/ians toge!r1 & to induce t mutual respect & tol]ation :i* mu/ be ! f\ndation ( a clos] union4 ,! baby mu/ walk be=e he runs1 & if ! ,*ri/ians ( ,*9a c ma9ta9 su* a ,univ]sity1 _! daily int]c\rse w greatly assi/ any fur!r s*eme = unity4 ,b !re is ano!r use 9 ! ho/el sy/em :i* %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,at all times "o ( ! great h9drances to ! education ( "y m5 is ! t5d5cy t !y h to wa/e _! /r5g? 9 riot & wantonness4 ,! ,*9aman is p]haps m subject to ^! temptations ?an ! ,we/]n]4 ,a /ud5t said3 ,we _c "w2 we are too pr(ligate4 ,a ,*9ese /atesman advis$ aga9/ c]ta9 t[ns z possible sites = a ,univ]sity because ( _! t5d5cy to entice m5 into vici\s c\rses4 ,f> ! mo/ effici5t way ( oppos+ ?is evil is to make "s "o responsible = ! moral welf>e ( ! "y m51 & ?is is done 9 ! ho/el sy/em4 ,e ho/el w\ld be gov]n$ by "s p]son :o w\ld make ! moral welf>e ( ! "y m5 8 peculi> c>e & /udy4 ,! head ( ! ho/el might or might n be on ! tea*+ /aff ( ! #caf ,univ]sity2 b :e!r he taught or n1 8 fir/ duty w\ld be ! c>e ( ! moral & spiritual welf>e ( ^? committ$ to 8 *>ge4 ,he w\ld give all 8 en]gy to reproduce ! highe/ moral tone ( a ,we/]n ,univ]sity4 ,?is s*eme is be+ tri$ 9 ,*5tu1 :]e a union ,univ]sity is be+ />t$4 ,& ,i believe x is 9 e way prov+ successful4 ,^? :o h n realis$ ! size ( ,*9a w be p]haps incl9$ to ask :y n unite ! two s*emes8 ,! simple answ] to ^? :o h travell$ is t ! di/ances are too va/4 ,y might z well talk ( unit+ ,ox=d & ,h>v>d1 = ^? two ,univ]sities are ab\t z f> f "o ano!r 9 "t z ,hank[ is f ,*5tu4 ,ev5 :5 ! railway is built ! di/ances w be imm5se4 ,! enorm\s di/ances ( ,*9a are also a reason :y x 0 impossible to amalgamate ! ,hong-,kong s*eme & ! ,ox=d & ,cambridge s*eme4 ,hong-,kong is n[ t5 days to a =tnight away f ,hank[1 & su* a diff]5t language is spok5 !re t ! dwell]s 9 ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,*9a are (t5 =c$ to use ,engli% to und]/& "o ano!r4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,hong-,kong w be v b5eficial to ! colony1 & is an example ( ! g5]osity ( ! m]*ants & citiz5s ( t t[n2 b z a means ( naturalis+ ! high] side ( our civilisation x lab\rs "u ! great disadvantage ( n be+ ei!r 9 ,*9a nor "u ! ,*9ese flag1 nor ( speak+ ! prevail+ language4 #cag ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,! ,,ne$ ,,( ,a ,,univ]sity ,,expla9$ 7cont9u$7 ,! ,committees at ,ox=d & ,cambridge _h n be5 )\t hope t ! mission>y _w w\ld accept ! s*eme readily once x 0 well und]/ood4 ,!y _h _h ! advantage ( _m int]views ) mission>ies & o!rs 9 ,london at _! jo9t meet+s s z to make x a matt] ( "s c]ta9ty t a l>ge portion ( ! ,we/]n educators ( ,*9a w\ld agree ) !m4 ,b !y 7 r d\btful :e!r ! s*eme w\ld be welcom$ by ! ,*9ese (ficial _w4 ,! comm]cial _w 9 ,london t _h deal+s ) ,*9a 0 r pessimi/ic4 ,!y held ! view t y only _h to m5tion ! ^w ,*ri/ian or mission>y to a ,*9ese (ficial & x w\ld h ! same effect t ! ^w rats has on a t]ri]4 ,b z ,i h be=e relat$1 we 7 agreeably surpris$ to f9d at ! v outset t ! ,*9ese (ficial _w 7 f> f ho/ile1 & t we 7 giv51 unask$1 lett]s ( introduction1 ^: cont5ts ,i did n "k except t !y procur$ = u a welcome 9 ,*9a :i* 0 z surpris+ z x 0 delightful4 ,i le>nt 9 ,*9a t k #cah & le>n+ is s lov$ & respect$ t ^? ^: object is its dissem9ation w ev] f9d a ready welcome1 & ,i le>nt also t :atev] may h be5 _! s5tim5ts 9 ! pa/1 9 ! pres5t ! ,*9ese h no hatr$ t[>ds ,*ri/ianity1 b !y reg>d x z "o ( ! lea/ odi\s p>ts ( ! ,we/]n civilisation :i* has become = !m a necessity4 ,i _h also ! privilege ( see+ ,8 ,excell5cy ,tong-,%ao-,yi 9 ,london1 & he did n disc\rage ! plan4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ,h>b9 we f\nd an (ficial ready to receive u :o _h be5 s5t to welcome ! s*eme to ,*9a4 ,8 in/ructions 7 to accompany u to ,kwang*angtzu & to wat* ov] our com=t4 ,z he only spoke ,*9ese1 conv]sation 0 difficult2 b ) ! aid ( a memb] ( ! ,imp]ial ,cu/oms we ga!r$ ! object ( 8 mission4 ,at ,mukd5 we met ) a simil> civility4 ,i 0 invit$ to d9e at ! ,yam54 ,i %all always rememb] my drive to t d9n]4 ,at ,mukd5 no c>ry+ *airs are us$1 b a spr+less c>t1 9 :i* ! travell]1 or m accurately ! suff]]1 recl9es4 ,i 0 late = d9n]1 s ! ord] 0 giv5 to ! *>iote] to drive quick1 & z we b\nd$ ov] ! unpav$ /reets ( a ,man*urian t[n ,i _h an opportunity ( realis+ "o ( ! m9or discom=ts ( ,*9ese mission>y life4 ,at ! ,yam5 ! same civility 0 %[n to ! s*eme1 & next day ,dr4 ,ross1 my k9dly ho/1 took me to see a ,man*u noble ( high rank4 ,he 0 m ?an enc\rag+4 ,he fir/ s\nd$ ! note #cai t ,i f\nd vibrat+ ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,*9a4 ,he ask$ :y did n ! ,we/ conc]n itself ) su* ?+s z education1 :i* b5efit man1 r ?an ) w>1 :i* produces su* endless suff]+ & mis]y4 ,at ,pek+ ,i met "s great (ficials :o all 7 fav\rable1 b x 0 n till we got s\? t we enc\nt]$ :at c only be describ$ z en?usiasm = ,we/]n education4 ,"o g5tleman advis$ t su* an in/itution %\ld be />t$ at once1 & recomm5d$ ! recall ( all /ud5ts /udy+ 9 ,we/]n l&s to fill its ranks4 ,ano!r :o 0 int]pret+ 0 n satisfi$ ) ! prud5t (ficial reply ,i receiv$ t ! plan 0 good1 b t ,i mu/ make inquiries at ,pek+4 ,he add$3 ,make inquiries at ,pek+2 b if !y refuse1 g on ) y\r s*eme all ! same4 ,a body ( "y m5 :o _h be5 educat$ at ,boone ,college s5t a petition t ! s*eme %\ld be =?) und]tak51 b p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable exp]i5ce 0 t :i* ,i _h at ,%anghai4 ,i 0 ent]ta9$ by ?irte5 ( ! g5try :o _h all receiv$ _! education 9 ! ,we/4 ,we discuss$ e aspect ( ! plan1 & :5 ,i press$ ^u !m t "o ( ! good results ( ! ,univ]sity w\ld be t x w\ld h a heal?y moral environm5t1 an old man turn$ to 8 companions & said3 ,we h ourselves _h exp]i5ce ( ?is4 ,! environm5t 9 :i* we liv$ :5 we 7 9 ! ,we/ 0 diff]5t f t 9 :i* we f\nd ourselves :5 we return$ #cbj to ,%anghai1 & did n x l>gely affect our lives8 ,aft] we _h talk$ "s "t ! "q 0 put pla9ly to !m3 ,w\ld !y support su* a ,univ]sity8 ,"o ( !m turn$ r\nd & said3 ,( c\rse we %\ld4 ,x is obvi\s t if y w give u 9 ,*9a ! same sort ( ,univ]sity z !re is 9 ,engl&1 if only on ! score ( exp5se1 we %all want to s5d our sons !re2 besides :i* no "o likes p>t+ f _! *ildr5 & leav+ !m 9 a di/ant l&4 ,i discuss$ ! matt] ) a ,*9ese /atesman 9 ,pek+4 ,i ask$ :e!r ,pek+ w\ld n be a good c5tre1 b he 0 v adv]se to ! idea1 because he said t ,pek+ _h su* a bad moral tone t boys w\ld n be able to d any good "w1 & t he himself f> pref]r$ t ,*9ese boys %\ld be s5t at t5 ye>s old to ,engl& to receive _! :ole education 9 our c\ntry4 ,:5 we po9t$ out to him h[1 except 9 ! case ( a few ri* m51 su* a c\rse w\ld be q impossible1 he said3 ,!n put y\r ,univ]sity "r away 9 ! we/]n hills out ( rea* ( ! immoral influ5ces ( a t[n4 ,!re c be few m eloqu5t te/imonies to ! necessity ( ano!r ,univ]sity2 no?+ b a ,*ri/ian ,univ]sity c\ld succe$ 9 creat+ ! moral atmosph]e1 :i* ?is wise man saw 0 ! p[] ( ! ,we/4 ,9 ! same conv]sation he gave a fur!r te/imony to ! p[] ( ,*ri/ianity1 all ! m /rik+ t x 0 utt]$ by a man :o 0 n a ,*ri/ian4 ,he said3 ,yes1 #cba ,i h no d\bt t all t is good 9 ! ,we/ comes f ,*ri/ianity4 ,all ! (ficials we int]view$ always end$ _! encomiums on ! sugge/$ s*eme by a sav+ clause to ! effect t1 be=e we did any?+1 we mu/ ask 8 ,excell5cy ,*ang-,*ih-,tung4 ,:5 we pass$ ?r\gh ,pek+ ! fir/ "t we fail$ to see him1 & x 0 !re=e ) "s anxiety ,i s\ght an int]view ) him on our return j\rney4 ,*ang 0 a figure 9 ! politics ( ,*9a ^: importance x w\ld be h>d to ov]-e/imate4 ,n t he _h ! reputation = be+ a peculi>ly able man2 9 fact1 "s ( ! ,europeans spoke slight+ly ( 8 m5tality4 ,8 =ce & influ5ce came r f 8 moral qualities4 ,he 0 ! p]fect type ( ,confucian s*ol>4 ,wond]fully well v]s$ 9 all ! k ( ! lit]ati ( ,*9a1 he 0 f> f despis+ any =m ( k2 9 fact1 he 0 "o ( ! fir/ ( ! /atesm5 ( ,*9a to recognise ! importance ( ,we/]n education4 ,:5 we 7 discuss+ ) "s lead+ m]*ants ! want ( integrity ( _m ( ! (ficials1 !y claim$ ,*ang z an exception ) en?usiasm4 ,he _h held ! highe/ (fices & /ill rema9$ comp>atively poor4 ,8 reputation = clean-h&$ness 0 enhanc$ by 8 age4 ,9 ,*9a ! old are greatly rev]5c$1 & an old1 hone/1 & le>n$ /atesman comb9$ ?ree ( ! qualities mo/ admir$ 9 ,*9a4 ,x 0 !re=e ) "s trepidation t ,i #cbb f\nd myself go+ to see a man ^: moral au?ority 0 s great t he c\ld ) a ^w m> or make ! ,univ]sity s*eme z f> z ! p[] ( ! ,*9ese (ficials ext5d$1 & 9 8 case ?is 0 v f>4 ,i 0 alone1 = ow+ to ! r heat$ debates t divid$ ! ,briti% & ,*9ese ,gov]nm5ts ov] ! ,canton-,wu*ang ,railway1 x 0 ?\ght advisable t no memb] ( ! ,legation %\ld come ) me4 ,i drove d[n to ! nor? end ( ! city1 & turn+ d[n a by-lane1 sc>cely wide en\gh = ! c>riage to pass1 we drew up opposite a v mode/ dwell+4 ,i 0 receiv$ by ,8 ,excell5cy's nephew1 a man ( extremely c\rtly mann]s2 & z he conduct$ me across ! y>d ,i 0 /ruck by ! simplicity ( ! h\se4 ,! room1 = in/ance1 into :i* ,i 0 u%]$ _h a brick floor1 & 0 sep>at$ f ! c\rty>d only by a pap] & wood scre54 ,imag9e :at ! int5se cold mu/ be 9 a ,pek+ w9t] :5 ! !rmomet] is some:]e bel[ z]o6 ,! furniture ( ! room 0 equally simple4 ,two ,*9ese *airs ( ! ,*9ese gue/-room patt]n1 /&+ on ea* side ( ! usual ,*9ese table1 7 support$ on ! o!r side ( ! room by a tok5 ( ! ev]-encroa*+ ,we/ 9 ! %ape ( a common r\nd table & "s mongrel-look+ /ools1 :i* look$ z if !y 7 productions ( ,japan palm$ (f z ,european4 ,z we sat & talk$ 7= ,i 0 too e>ly = my int]view7 my ho/ told me all ab\t 8 uncle's #cbc family1 & ! :ile ,i wond]$ at ! au/]ity ( ! dwell+ ( ! greate/ man 9 ,*9a aft] ^? ( royal blood4 ,8 ,excell5cy 0 !n ready to receive me1 & we adj\rn$ to ano!r equally simple room :]e ! usual table ) tea1 sweetmeats1 & w9e 0 laid out4 ,*ang dur+ ! :ole int]view smok$ a long pipe1 :i* requir$ all ! ef=ts ( :at ,i took to be two boys1 b :o really 7 slave-girls1 to keep alight4 ,he want$ to "k :]e ! money 0 to come f4 ,i assur$ him t !re are _m g5]\s p 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica :o1 desir+ to leave a good "n beh9d !m1 & conv9c$ t education conf]s on humanity incalculable b5efits1 are will+ to give l>gely to su* a cause4 ,!n he inquir$ :at l9e we %\ld take ) reg>d to ,confucian le>n+2 ,i said ,*ri/ianity & ,confucianism ne$ n be oppos$1 & we %\ld respect & enc\rage ! tea*+ ( ! sage4 ,he cle>ly approv$1 & gave me advice z to ! c\rse ( /udy to be foll[$--fir/1 ,*9ese lett]s1 !n =eign languages2 & he advis$ z ! site = ! ,univ]sity "s place ne> ,wu*ang & n ,pek+4 ,he !n assur$ me t ,i might tell my c\ntrym5 t he approv$ ( ! s*eme4 ,:o1 said he1 c\ld b approve ( su* a s*eme8 ,z ,i left he accompani$ me across ! c\rty>d1 ?\gh ,i prote/$1 & ,i felt ,i _h be5 hon\r$ #cbd by ?is int]view ) "o ( ,*9a's greate/ m54 ,he 0 ! embodim5t ( all t 0 f9e 9 ,*9a4 ,he belong$ to an age t is pass+ away4 ,! ,*9ese /atesman ( ! future w le>n ,we/]n luxury ) ,we/]n k4 #cbe ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,conclusion ,"o ^w 9 conclusion4 ,i h tri$ to %[ ! greatness ( ! crisis t is be=e u4 ,! civilisation :i* has long be5 worn by ! :ite man alone is n[ be+ donn$ by ! yell[ man1 n z ! result only ( mission>y ef=t1 b z ! result ( ^? great _w causes ov] :i* puny mank9d has no control2 & ,i h tri$ to %[ t all t we c d is to recognise & frankly accept ?is great fact1 namely1 t ! memb]s ( ! human race :o are subject to & gov]n$ by our civilisation are to be ne>ly d\bl$1 & t ! second half w import into t civilisation n only new traditions1 b a new racial p]sonality1 :i* mu/ cause a fundam5tal alt]ation 9 _m ( its traditions & cu/oms4 ,we mu/ n say t ! movem5t w be %ortly complet$1 = x has sc>cely yet begun2 b we h se5 en\gh 9 ! success t has att5d$ ! movem5t bo? 9 ,japan & 9 ,*9a1 to conv9ce u t x w ultimately dom9ate ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,?is movem5t may be = good or = evil2 x may be = ! d[nfall ( ! _w1 = ! p]petual mis]y ( mank9d1 if t :i* is evil 9 bo? civilisations is to be p]petuat$ & #cbf t :i* is good is to be de/roy$2 or x may be = ! b5efit ( mank9d if1 :5 ! ,*ri/ian civilisation welcomes ! great yell[ races1 x accepts f !m1 z x has accept$ f _m o!r races1 _! *>act]i/ic virtues4 ,hi!rto our civilisation has gr[n ri*]2 e race x has conqu]$ has add$ beauty to its traditions & nobility to its ideals4 ,we may look =w>d ) hope1 if n ) confid5ce1 to its future4 ,b if ?is mom5t\s *ange 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w is to be well direct$1 x c only be done by m5 ( s9c]e ,*ri/ian fai?2 & if ! civilisation is to augm5t ^! b5efits to mank9d1 x c only be by be+ m fully endu$ ) ! ,*ri/ian e?ics on :i* its :ole greatness dep5ds4 ,= ! p]petuation ( ?is e?ic1 = ! education ( ! future ?9k]s ( ,*9a1 we sugge/ a ,univ]sity is ne$$2 t ,univ]sity %\ld n be f\nd$ by "o race alone4 ,"s may diff] f u1 & hold t o!r action is advisable4 ,!y may be "r1 b x behoves !m to =mulate _! policy1 because "o ?+ seems c]ta9--t a policy ( inaction at ! pres5t mom5t is "o :i* is fraught ) risk1 if n ) disa/]4 ,if no "o makes any ef=t to direct ! ?\ght ( ?is va/ unit ( mank9d into ! "r pa?s1 x is improbable t good w naturally result4 ,! fitt+ ( ,we/]n ?\ght to an ,ori5tal race1 :ile x mu/ be *iefly left to ! race itself1 ne$s cle>ly ! help ( ^? :o are conv]sant ) ! be/ aspects #cbg ( t ,we/]n ?\ght & ( its hi/ory4 ,! mission>y has done mu*1 b he himself is ! fir/ to say1 ,i _c d all2 ,i mu/ be support$ by ^? :o w tea* my conv]ts ! fulness ( ,we/]n k4 ,& s ! mission>ies h inaugurat$ a policy ( education :i* is mo/ successful z f> z x has gone4 ,! "q be=e all well-wi%]s ( ,*9a is1 %all x g fur!r2 %all we %[ ,*9a ! intellectual light by :i* we are walk+1 or %all we leave ,*9a to /umble 9 ! d>kness till %e falls into deep] error4 ,^? :o look =w>d to progress 9 ?is _w mu/ also look =w>d to break+ up ! old evil traditions & to f\nd+ new ones2 ! old tradition1 :i* limit$ love to citiz5s ( ! same ,/ate1 :i* put b\nds on *>ity1 s t man did n love man unless he spoke ! same language1 or at lea/ _h ! same col\r$ sk91 is dy+ fa/ ?\gh x is dy+ h>d4 ,a new tradition is be+ f\nd$1 & mu/ be fur!r develop$1 9 :i*1 z 9 ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan1 ! ^w love is taught z pass+ & transc5d+ all b\nds ( race & language4 ,! cultivation ( ?is new tradition is vital to ! exi/5ce ( our civilisation4 ,if love _c b9d races toge!r1 ! improv$ arts ( w> w 9 "t ext+ui% ! civilisation t gave !m bir?4 ,if we are to enc\rage int]national love1 we c be/ d x by %>+ toge!r 9 int]national acts ( m]cy & g5]osity4 ,! great ,*9ese race has ne$ ( ! weal? ( ,we/]n #cbh k4 ,let ,we/]n races jo9 toge!r to give !m :at !y ne$1 & 9 s do+ !y w n m]ely b5efit ,*9a1 ?\gh z ,*9a c\nts = a qu>t] ( ! population ( ?is _w1 & is ne>ly equal to ! numb] ( m5 :o h a "r to call !mselves civilis$1 t 7 no small m]it2 b !y w d m1 = !y w by common acts ( m]cy & love b9d ea* to ea* s t ! horrid curse ( racial hatr$ %all n be aga9 able to divide !m4 ,! elem5ts ( good 9 "o race w be br\ght 9 contact ) ! simil> elem5ts 9 ano!r race2 m5 w le>n to tru/ m52 & t :i* ! ?und]+ cannon c nev] compel1 or ! ke5e/ wit ( /atesm5 ev] compass1 w be accompli%$ by ! ob$i5ce & simple fai? ( ! ,*ri/ian m5 & wom5 ( all races1 & ! _w w be weld$ into "o solid piece1 :]e m5 c "w )\t wa/+ _! ef=ts 9 mak+ ma*9es to torture & kill _! fell[-m51 & :]e at la/ ! prophecy %all be fulfill$3 ,!y %all beat _! swords into pl[%>es1 & _! spe>s into prun+-hooks4 #cbi ,,app5dix ,,w ,,russia ,,be ,,repres5t$ ,,on ,,! ,,mission ,,field8 ,:5 x 0 settl$ t we %\ld g to ,*9a to see :at opportunities !re 7 !re = an educational mission emanat+ f our ,engli% ,univ]sities1 we decid$ to g vi ,sib]ia1 & /op at ,/4 ,pet]sburg & also at ,irkutsk on ! way4 ,i _h previ\sly f\nd ! j\rney ( fifte5 days )\t a break exhau/+ to myself & /ill m s to my wife :o accompani$ me4 ,! plan _h also ! advantage t x gave me an opportunity ( try+ to f9d out :y ! great ,russian ,*ur* _h nev] attempt$ any s]i\s mission "w 9 ,*9a4 ,f a m]e inspection ( ! map "o w\ld naturally h expect$ t ! ,*ri/ian p[] :i* _h a fronti] ) ,*9a ( ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( miles w\ld h be5 ! mo/ =w>d 9 t c\ntry 9 fulfill+ ! comm& ( ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity to give ,8 message ( happ9ess to e liv+ man4 ,9 our previ\s t\r we _h be5 surpris$ to f9d t ! mission>y ef=ts ( ,russia 7 insignificant 9 ,*9a1 ?\gh1 /range to say1 !y 7 fairly vigor\s 9 ,japan4 ,:5 we arriv$ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,i 0 =tunate en\gh to obta9 lett]s ( introduction to ! c\rte\s g5tleman :o !n repres5t$ ! imp]ial p[] 9 ! c\ncils ( ! ,russian ,*ur*1 ,m4 ,iwolsky1 ,procurator ( ! ,holy ,synod4 ,"o ?+ became evid5t2 = ! "t be+ ,russia is s mu* absorb$ 9 politics z to be oblivi\s ( o!r duties4 ,liv+ 9 ,engl&1 we c little realise ! excitem5t & anxiety t fill$ ! m9ds ( _m :o dwelt 9 ! f> (f villages ( ,russia1 :ile !y wait$ to he> :e!r or n !y 7 to be engulf$ 9 a revolution z dang]\s #ccj & z f>-rea*+ z t :i* m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago ov]:elm$ ,france4 ,a lady describ$ to me h[ %e _h sat 9 t]ror 9 h] c\ntry h\se :5 all communication f ,/4 ,pet]sburg _h ceas$ ow+ to ! /rikes1 :ile ! smoke ( surr\nd+ h\ses :i* _h be5 set on fire by m>aud+ b&s told ( ! fate :i* might possibly await h]4 ,n[ all t is ov]4 ,! revolution--s !y ?9k 9 ,russia--is a ?+ ( ! pa/2 & ,russia has ent]$ on a c\rse ( cons]vative re=m to :i*1 if %e adh]es1 w d\btless make h] a prosp]\s & cont5t$ empire4 ,i ga!r$ f "s ( my in=mants t ! reasons :y ,russia _h be5 backw>d 9 ! mission field1 & also :y %e 0 rack$ ) revolution1 7 9 reality ! same1 namely1 t ! ,or?odox ,*ur* 0 n s vigor\s & _h n t hold on ! consci5ces ( ! p t x ought to h4 ,n t = "o mom5t ,russia is ceas+ to be religi\s4 ,! att5dance at ,fa!r ,john's fun]al 0 quot$ z disprov+ su* a possibility4 ,p ( ! work+ & middle classes came = miles to /& on a bleak cold day = long h\rs m]ely to cat* a glimpse ( ! c(f9 :i* conta9$ ! mortal rema9s ( a man :o1 accord+ to _! belief1 liv$ m ?an any man 9 accordance ) ,god's law4 ,russia is religi\s to ! v core2 b1 l all religi\s nations1 our own includ$1 %e longs to express h] deep s9c]ity ?r\gh div]sity & n ?r\gh uni=mity4 ,alas6 !re are p 9 e nation :o want to put u 9 "o religi\s uni=m & to m>* u l soldi]s at ! ^w ( comm& /raight into heav5's gate4 ,9 ,engl& ?is view only makes "s good & n>r[-m9d$ p anxi\s to h su* a ?+ z religi\s uni=mity 9 our s*ools2 b 9 ,russia ?is doctr9e has be5 m vigor\sly held1 & is d\btless responsible = ! wan+ p[] ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur*4 ,mr4 ,pobi$ono/eff1 lead] ( ! reaction>y movem5t1 ne>ly caus$ a revolution1 & c]ta9ly #cca weak5$ ! ,*ur*1 by insi/+ on ,uni=mity & ,or?odoxy4 ,he believ$ t !re c\ld be b "o =m ( religion 9 ! ,/ate1 & !re=e he disc\rag$ e o!r =m ( religi\s activity4 ,n only did he rightly =bid ^? /range wild immoral sects :o practise & tea* mutilation1 b ev5 ! sob] & dev\t foll[]s ( ,"l ,rad/ock 7 to be sil5c$4 ,! result ( su* a policy 0 b too obvi\s4 ,religion 0 made odi\s by ! ins9c]ity :i* su* a policy mu/ fo/]1 & ! ,/ate became dete/able to all e>ne/ ,*ri/ians :o claim$ ! inh]5t "r ( e liv+ s\l to love & wor%ip 8 ,creator 9 accordance ) 8 true convictions4 ,all ?is has n[ pass$ l a bad dream4 ,p 9 ,russia may believe :at !y l & wor%ip ,god h[ !y l4 ,m4 ,iwolsky 0 mo/ anxi\s t ! _w %\ld "k t he1 ! !n repres5tative ( temporal p[] 9 ! c\ncils ( ! ,russian ,*ur*1 s f> f enc\rag+ ! idea t ,*ri/'s ,*ur* c be controll$ by a temporal p[]1 h[ev] great1 0 mo/ c>eful to ma9ta9 t 9 spiritual matt]s ! ,*ur* is indep5d5t ( ! ,/ate1 ev5 if 9 temporal matt]s %e submit h]self to ! au?ority ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,pet] ! ,great aboli%$ ! ,patri>*ate2 he add$ _m1 ?\gh n all1 ( ! p[]s ( ! ,patri>*ate to ! ,cr[n2 & !re=e ! ,emp]or repres5ts ! ,patri>* 9 _m ways4 ,b x is :olly misund]/&+ 8 position to say t 9 spiritual matt]s he is supreme4 ,! ,russian ,*ur*1 l all o!r bran*es ( ! ,*ur*1 is controll$ & gov]n$ by c\ncils1 bo? g5]al & prov9cial4 ,b ,m4 ,iwolsky _h to confess t ! p[] :i* ! ,/ate wield$ 9 ! ,synod ( ! ,*ur* 0 /ill v great4 ,! ,cr[n has ?ree ways 9 :i* x c influ5ce ! c\ncil4 ,fir/1 ?\gh ! memb]s ( ! c\ncil are repres5tatives ( ! ,*ur*1 x is ! ,cr[n :o decides 7) ! exception ( ! ,metropolitans7 :o ^? repres5tatives %all be2 secondly1 ! ,cr[n1 ?r\gh ! ,procurator1 c =bid any action :i* #ccb br+s ! ,synod into conflict ) ! laws ( ! ,/ate2 la/ly1 ! ,procurator1 z repres5tative ( ! ,cr[n1 mu/ always be pres5t at ! debates ( ! ,synod1 & has always a "r to express 8 op9ion1 ev5 on spiritual que/ions4 ,su* p[]s put toge!r cle>ly give ! ,cr[n a control n only 9 ?+s temporal1 b1 if x is desir$1 an influ5ce 9 ?+s spiritual z well4 ,/ill x _c be too widely kn[n t at any rate 9 !ory ! ,russian ,*ur* is 9 ?+s spiritual indep5d5t ( temporal p[]4 ,mo/ ,engli%m5 w\ld ?9k1 no d\bt1 t if ! ,*ur* is to hold h] rightful place 9 ! he>ts ( ,russians1 %e c only d x by rely+ on ! p[] ( prea*+ r ?an on ! p[] ( ! sword4 ,!re=e x w\ld be be/ = bo? ,*ur* & ,/ate if !y _h less to d ) "o ano!r4 ,engli% ,*ur*m5 w be glad to he> t !re is "s prospect ( a ,synod ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur* be+ held1 indep5d5tly ( ! exi/+ ,holy ,synod--a c\ncil :i* may rank z a ,g5]al ,synod ( ! ,greek ,communion1 if o!r bran*es ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur* are invit$ to jo9 9 its delib]ations1 ( :i* !re is "s prospect4 ,! object ( ?is ,synod w be to re=m ! discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*1 a matt] :i* is engag+1 ,i und]/&1 ! s9c]e att5tion ( ! dev\t ,*ri/ians ( ,russia4 ,few ?+s be> tru] witness to ! weakness ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,russia ?an ! l[ moral tone :i* exi/s1 z all witnesses av]1 9 e grade ( ,russian social life4 ,! outw>d obs]vance ( ! fa/s & fea/s & c]emonies ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh admirable 9 itself1 is p]fectly consi/5t ) a great deal ( scepticism ) reg>d to ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is n un*>itable to suspect su* scepticism :5 a great pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity is accompani$ by a l[ moral tone4 ,! ,*ur* has felt h] weakness & has s\ght ! help ( ! ,/ate1 & has !re=e n succe$$ 9 h] mission4 ,n[ happi] days h op5$ = ,russia :i* x is hop$ may lead on to happi] ones beyond4 ,! ,/ate no #ccc long] helps ! ,*ur* by sil5c+ h] critics1 by exil+ ^? :o _c agree ) h]3 ! ,buddhi/ :o lately at ! def9ite comm& ( ! ,gov]nm5t _h accept$ ,*ri/ianity has return$ to s9c]ity & op5 pr(ession ( ,buddhism4 ,! ,*ur* no long] s support$ by ! ,/ate may feel h] weakness1 b %e w gr[ r ?an dim9i% 9 /r5g? z %e le>ns to use m & m ! real weapon ( ,*ri/ianity1 namely1 ! sacr$ tru?s ( our religion publi%$ bo? by writ+ & by prea*+4 ,russia is "o ( ! great nations ( ! _w4 ,! ,or?odox ,*ur* :i* dom9ates ,russia is bo? true & fai?ful1 & %e w guide h] p into prosp]ity & peace :5 %e has le>n$ to foll[ h] ,ma/]'s example & to ord] ! sword drawn 9 h] def5ce to be return$ altoge!r to its %ea?4 ,no?+ c be at pres5t expect$ f ! unor?odox bodies :o until lately h be5 p]secut$ to su* a degree t !y h sc>cely be5 able to exi/4 ,9 ext]nal matt]s ! ,or?odox ,*ur* comm&s ! ob$i5ce ( ! nation to a wond]ful degree1 b 9 controll+ ! deep convictions ( ! he>t %e lacks p[]4 ,n[h]e is ?is m obvi\s ?an 9 ! moral tone :i* prevails 9 ,russian society4 ,p]haps x is n j or fair to take ! capital ( ,sib]ia z a specim5 ( ord9>y moral life 9 ,russia1 b "o might well say at ,irkutsk t all save ! _s ( man is div9e4 ,we _h be5 to a c]ta9 ext5t prep>$ by our previ\s t\r to disbelieve 9 ! horrors ( ! climate ( ,sib]ia1 b :at we saw & he>d at ,irkutsk has conv9c$ me t ,sib]ia %\ld rank high among ! places t are reckon$ pleasant = human habitation4 ,sib]ia1 or c]ta9ly ! ea/]n "p ( ,sib]ia1 is n ! dre>y pla91 w9d-swept & mis]able1 t "o read ( 9 "o's *ildhood4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is a l& ( con/ant calms & /eady sun%9e1 a l& ( lakes & hills1 & ?\gh x is cold1 ! cold seems b trifl+ 9 ! glori\s sun%9e ( a ,sib]ian w9t]4 ,i feel c]ta9 t if ,lake ,baikal 7 #ccd some:]e )9 rea* ( ,london x w\ld be "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t$ c5tres = pleasure-seek]s4 ,& f ! po9t ( view ( weal? x is a mo/ fav\r$ l&2 a l& :]e !re is gold & :]e !re is coal2 a l& :]e !re is copp] & silv]1 & :]e a hot summ] rip5s ?or\ghly all c]eal crops4 ,= sportsm5 x seems a v]itable p>adise4 ,! pheasant 7or at lea/ 8 bro!r7 ) :om we h long be5 conv]sant z dy+ ( e disease 9 ! moi/ cov]ts ( ,engl&1 lives wild 9 ?is dry & heal?y climate4 ,! wild bo> & ! wolf1 ! be> & _m =ms ( ! antelope & de]1 are to be f\nd on ! bord]s betwe5 ,sib]ia & ,*9a4 ,! riv]s are full ( salmon & o!r fi% ^: names ,i _c attempt to give4 ,if an ,engli%man 7 ask$ to *oose :e!r he w\ld live 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg or 9 exile at ,irkutsk1 he w\ld1 ,i believe1 h no d\bt 9 decid+ 9 fav\r ( ! latt]1 if--& t is a great if--! _s ( man 7 n s human & corrupt4 ,we 7 told t !re are six hundr$ wom5 :o are divorc$ 9 ! jurisdiction ( ,irkutsk4 ,su* a /atem5t inde$ seems incr$ible1 b c]ta9ly ! morals ( ! (fic]s leave mu* to be desir$4 ,vices g 9 flocks1 !re=e laz9ess p]haps acc\nts = ! amaz+ /ate ( ?+s :i* exi/s 9 ,irkutsk4 ,! t[n is z full ( (fic]s z ,eton is ( boys4 ,epaulettes jo/le y 9 ! /reets1 y tumble ov] swords 9 ! re/aurants1 & ) all ?is =ce at ! disposal ( ! au?orities--= ,i conclude t "s at lea/ ( ^! (fic]s h soldi]s "u !m--! /reets ( ,irkutsk are unsafe aft] d>k4 ,p]son aft] p]son w>n$ u ( ! dang] ( be+ un>m$ at night1 at any rate 9 ! by-/reets4 ,p are murd]$ 9 _! own h\ses 9 ! suburbs2 wom5 h _! fur coats torn (f _! backs4 ,"o is agha/ at ! incr$ible slackness ( ! au?orities1 :o in/ead ( in/itut+ a reasonable police =ce su* z exi/s ev5 9 ,*9ese cities1 all[ ! city to be wat*$ at night by ag$ ,dogb]rys 9 huge fur coats arm$ ) #cce rattles :i* !y use incessantly4 ,c]ta9ly1 ?\gh !y may fail to fright5 away robb]s ) ?is primitive weapon ( protection1 !y succe$ 9 int]rupt+ ! slumb]s ( ! visitor4 ,9 ! dep>tm5t ( municipal activity ! t[n is equally badly organis$4 ,! /reets 7 "u sn[1 & z ^u a h>d-seat$ sl$ge we leapt f hole to hole1 we _h at lea/ ! com=t ( realis+ t 9 summ] _! condition mu/ be ev5 m try+4 ,x is unsafe to tru/ gossip1 b ,i give x = :at x is wor?4 ,we 7 assur$ t ! only reason :y ! priceless weal? :i* ,russia possesses 9 ! gold m9es ( ,sib]ia 0 n fur!r develop$ 0 because ( a simil> (ficial incompet5ce4 ,!re is said to be a great deal ( secret digg+ = gold4 ,m5 disappe> 9 ! summ] & reappe> 9 ! autumn ) a p\nd's weight ( pure gold1 = ! gold lies only ab\t ?ree metres bel[ ! gr\nd4 ,b if ?is primitive =m ( m9+ came to ! k ( ! ,gov]nm5t x w\ld put 9 =ce ! m9+ laws :i* w\ld !n successfully /ifle ! indu/ry4 ,x is ne$less to add t pr(ligacy & laz9ess are n ! only vices aga9/ :i* ,russian ,*ri/ianity has to cont5d4 ,_! p h ano!r 9 common ) ourselves ( :i* ! ,*ur* is only too well aw>e & :i* x is mak+ great ef=ts to suppress1 namely1 drunk5ness4 ,actually on our j\rney we _h an example ( ?is vice :i* e "o reg>d$ z comic1 b :i* might h be5 tragic4 ,! tra9 is br\ght sudd5ly to a /&/ill4 ,!re is some?+ wrong4 ,ev]ybody tumbles out ( ! c>riage to look4 ,a man is ly+ 9 ! sn[4 ,at fir/ x is ?\ght he has be5 knock$ d[n by a previ\s tra94 ,fur!r exam9ation %[s t x is only a man dead drunk ly+ "r across ! l9e--! result ( keep+ "o ( ! fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur*4 ,e "o laughs2 he is pull$ out ( ! way1 we climb back into ! tra91 leav+ him 9 ! c>e ( a prie/1 q unconsci\s h[ ne> he has be5 to dea?4 ,drunk5ness is a t]rible evil 9 our own l&1 b its results are f> m t]rible 9 #ccf ?is l& ( fro/-bite4 ,!re are numb]s ( p )\t h&s & feet begg+ 9 ! /reet1 & we 7 told t ! g5]al cause ( ^! injuries 0 vodka4 ,a man go+ home falls into a drunk5 sleep on ! way3 he awakes next morn+ ) 8 h&s & feet fro/-bitt51 or p]haps he nev] wakes aga93 ! sleep ( drunk5ness m]ges into ! sleep ( dea?4 ,z "o consid]s ^! ?+s "o realises :y ! ,buddhi/ ,b\riat & ! ,mohamm$an ,t>t> /ill adh]e to _! anci5t fai?s4 ,i d n ?9k an ,engli%man has a "r to criticise o!r nations :5 s mu* rema9s to be done at home4 ,/ill "o _c tru?fully say t1 h[ev] num]\s h] *ur*es or well-att5d$ h] s]vices1 ! ,or?odox ,*ur* directs ,russia :ile %e is p[]less to make headway aga9/ ^! vices4 ,! great trials ?r\gh :i* ,russia has pass$ hold out e reason to hope t ) lib]ty1 purity ( wor%ip w be aga9 e/abli%$1 & :]e !re is purity ( fai? !re mu/ be mission "w4 ,no d\bt ! ,gov]nm5t has h9d]$ mission "w2 9 fact1 !y h =bidd5 x 9 ,*9a4 ,*ri/ianity 0 to !m s mu* ! h&maid ( ! ,/ate z to be inconceivable outside ! ,/ate2 b all ?is is break+ d[n4 ,! great mission "w conduct$ 9 ,japan to :i* ,i h be=e ref]r$ has %[n t ! ,or?odox ,*ur* gr[s well on ,ea/]n soil4 ,! exi/5ce ( a village pres]v+ ! ,or?odox religion 9 ! middle ( ,*9a :i* has be5 spok5 ( above1 has demon/rat$ at lea/ ! vitality ( t fai? among ! ,*9ese nation4 ,:5 ! ,russian mission>ies cross ! fronti] !y w n leave _! own c\ntry weak]1 b _! "w w be a tok5 t ,russia is purify+ h] fai? & is advanc+ along ! road t leads to hol9ess4 #ccg ,,index ,abyss9ia1 #aif ,accuracy ( ,*9ese1 #gb ,agno/icism1 #cja ,agricultural ,college1 #bhj ,aims ( mission>y education1 #beg et seq4 ,alt> ( ,heav51 #adb1 #aee ,am]ica1 #bdd1 #bed1 #cjh ,am]ican ,me?odi/ ,mission1 #aih ,am]ican missions1 #af1 #aib1 #bjj1 #bag ,am]icans1 #bcd1 #bec et seq41 #bgg1 #bhd ,amita1 #adi1 #aej ,amitobha1 #adi ,amur1 ,!1 #aa ,ance/or wor%ip1 #aec et seq41 #afj1 #afa ,ance/ral tablet1 #aei ,anglican ,*ur* ,conf]5ce1 #bae ,anglicans1 #baf1 #bde et seq4 ,anglo-,saxon race1 #bdb ,anson's ,law ( ,contract1 #bhe ,antung1 #ia ,apocrypha1 #bba ,apo/les' ,cre$1 def5ce (1 #bjj ,app>atus1 #bij1 #bid ,ar*itecture1 #acg et seq41 #bie ,art1 ,*9ese1 #acg1 #ach ,association ( ,*ri/ianity ) le>n+1 #beh et seq4 ,autocratic gov]nm5t1 result (1 #aii ,b ,baikal ,lake1 #ccc ,balf\r's ,def5ce ( ,philosophic ,d\bt1 #beg ,bamboo rope1 #he ,bamboo+1 #ff ,begg> ,hospital1 #bbg ,belgium1 #cjh ,b5$ict ,,xiv41 #ahf ,bible ,societies1 #ag ,bible ,society1 ,briti% & ,=eign1 #ag1 #aih1 #bac ,bible1 /yle (1 #aha ,blagove/*5sk1 #aa ,blair1 ,mr41 #bcf ,bl9d1 ,missions to1 #bja et seq4 ,boone ,college1 ,wu*ang1 #cjh1 #cai ,b\riat1 ,buddhi/1 #ccf ,box] ,movem5t1 #g1 #i1 #ah1 #aef1 #afa1 #ahh1 #bfi1 #bga1 #bgd ,briti% missions1 #bja et seq4 ,buddha1 #adi ,buddhism1 #adh et seq41 #afd1 #agj1 #age1 #agi et seq41 #bdc1 #bdh1 #bfc1 #bfi1 #ccc ,buddhi/ temples1 #de1 #ada ,bull1 ,papal1 #ahf ,butt]field & ,swire1 #gi ,c ,cambridge1 #agc1 #cab ,canton1 #aac ,canton ,wom5's ,hospital1 #bbf ,canton-,wu*ang ,railway1 #cbb ,cantonese dialect1 #bhf ,cassels1 ,bi%op1 #bja ,c5t5>y ,conf]5ce1 #abb1 #abe1 #acb1 #bjj1 #baj1 #bdb et seq4 ,*air travell+1 #ig ,*ang-,*ih-,tung1 #ge1 #aeb1 #afh1 #bjh1 #bah1 #bfh et seq41 #cba et seq4 ,*ang%a1 #gg et seq41 #afg1 #bia ,*>act]s1 ,*9ese1 #acb1 #aha1 #bjh et seq4 ,*5tu1 #caf ,*icago ,univ]sity1 #bab ,*9a ,em]g5cy ,committee1 #bbi ,*9a = ! ,*9ese1 #baf1 #bif ,*9a ,inl& ,mission1 #bja ,*9a ,m]*ants' boats1 #fb ,*9a's ,only ,hope1 #bfh ,*9ese cl]gy1 #agd1 #beg1 #bei et seq41 #caj ,*9ese-,japanese ,w>1 #e1 #bfh ,*ri/ianity 9 ,*9a tol]at$1 #de et seq4 ,*ri/ie1 ,dr41 #bbf ,*u1 #aef1 #agi ,*ungk+1 #ha ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 #bjb1 #bjc ,*ur* 9 ,*9a1 #bdb ,*ur* ,mission>y ,society1 #bja ,cities1 ,*9ese1 #ie et seq4 ,civilisation1 ,*9ese1 #ef et seq4 ,classics1 ,*9ese1 #afh1 #bjg1 #bfj1 #bgj1 #cja ,cleanl9ess1 difficulty ) ,*9ese1 #bbf ,cl]gy1 ,*9ese1 #agd1 #beg1 #bei et seq41 #caj ,co*rane1 ,dr41 #bbf1 #bbh et seq4 ,colleges1 #bed et seq41 #cjc1 #cjh ,comm]cial p[] ( ,*9a1 #bi ,comm]cial ,press1 #af1 #bae ,comm]cial ,s*ool1 #bhg ,confucian tea*+1 #gc1 #aef1 #aei1 #afc et seq41 #cba1 #cbc ,confucianism1 #adh1 #aec et seq41 #afc et seq41 #age1 #bba1 #bdc1 #bfa ,confucius1 #da1 #db1 #ei1 #aef1 #afc et seq41 #bbj1 #cjj et seq4 ,copts1 #aif ,corruption ( ,*9ese1 #fb1 #bic ,c\rtesy ( ,*9ese1 #gj et seq4 ,cruelty ( ,*9ese1 #fe et seq4 ,curr5cy1 #fc et seq4 ,d ,dalai ,lama1 #ahj ,delam>re1 ,pre1 #dg ,diabolical possession1 #aeh ,difficulties ( education1 #bic et seq4 ,difficulties ( translation1 #bjh et seq4 ,director ( ,*9ese /ud5ts1 #agb ,director ( education1 #bhj et seq41 #bie ,discipl9e1 want (1 #big et seq4 ,div9e hon\rs to ,confucius1 #cja ,dom9icans1 #ahf ,door ( ,hope1 #acd ,drugs1 ,*9ese1 #bbd ,dumas1 ,dame aux ,camelias1 #bah ,duty to p>5ts1 #gd1 #agd ,e ,ede1 ,mr41 #ef ,edict aga9/ opium1 #aag ,edict1 educational1 #bga ,edict on ,confucius1 #cjb ,edict on (ficial rank = ,roman ,ca?olic missions1 #ahh1 #ahi ,edification ( ,*ri/ianity1 #beg et seq4 ,education1 #bec et seq4 ,education1 ,committee (1 #cab ,education ( prea*]s1 #beg et seq4 ,educational1 #bcj1 #bca ,educational policy 9 ,*9a1 #bed et seq4 ,emp]or ( ,*9a1 #ahg1 #bge1 #cjj ,emp]or ( ,korea1 #gf1 #bci ,emp]or ( ,russia1 #cca ,emp]or1 ,g]man1 #cji ,empress ( ,*9a1 ! late1 #abh ,episcopal ,*ur* ( ,am]ica1 #bef ,e?ics1 ,*9ese1 #gj et seq41 #bbj ,evangelisation1 #beg et seq4 ,ezra1 #ei ,f ,face1 #aff1 #afg1 #bdj1 #bih ,fam9e 9 ,*9a1 #ef ,fa%ion1 p[] (1 #cc ,fa%ions 9 ,*9a1 #cd ,f9ancial difficulties 9 s*ools1 #bih et seq4 ,foot-b9d+1 #ff1 #abd1 #abi1 #acj1 #ahb ,fo/]1 ,mr4 ,arnold1 #abe ,fo/]1 ,mrs4 ,arnold1 #c ,france1 =eign policy (1 #bd1 #ahg1 #aia1 #bba1 #cjh ,franciscan ,si/]s1 #fh1 #aid ,fr5* (ficials1 #ahd ,fr5* ,pet]1 #bbe1 #bbf ,fr5* policy1 #ahh ,fr5* %ip1 #aig ,fr5*1 !1 #df1 #ahf1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #aib1 #bec ,fuki51 #ej ,g ,g>d5s1 #gb ,g>d5s1 public1 ,%anghai1 #ajb ,gautama1 #adi ,geography1 #bfh ,g]mans1 #bec ,g]many1 #f1 #ah1 #dh1 #di et seq41 #bce ,ghurkas1 #be ,gillieson1 ,dr41 #bbf ,girls' s*ools1 #acj et seq41 #bhi et seq41 #bih ,g(or?1 ,mr41 #bdj ,gold 9 ,sib]ia1 #cce ,gorges ( ,yangtsze1 #ha et seq41 #bja ,gospel1 ,/4 ,luke's1 comm5ts on1 #bad ,gospel1 ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,*9aman's acqua9tance )1 #bac ,gov]nm5t educational sy/ems1 #bff et seq4 ,gr& ,canal1 #hj ,graves1 ,bi%op1 #cjh ,greek ,*ur*1 ,*9ese1 #adh1 #ccf ,gre5 ,korean coats1 #bcc ,grey1 ,sir ,edw>d1 #abj1 #baj ,h ,haeckel's ,riddle ( ! 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