,,transcriber',s ,,note3 ,italic text is denoted by underscores and bold text by equal signs4 ,,manual ,,of ,,references ,,and ,,exercises ,,in ,,economics ,,for ,,use ,,with ,,volume ,,ii4 ,,modern ,,economic ,,problems ,,by ,,frank ,a4 ,,fetter1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,professor ,,of ,,economics1 ,,princeton ,,university ,illustration ,,new ,,york ,,the ,,century ,,co4 #aiag ,,foreword ,this ,manual follows the lines of the ,manual of ,references and ,exercises1 published in the autumn of #aiaf1 to accompany the volume on ,economic ,principles4 ,the literature of the field treated in ,modern ,economic ,problems is now so vast that no more than a few of the titles could be included in the following lists4 ,the references given are usually the more recent of those that would be helpful to students desiring to go more deeply into the subjects4 ,the collection of questions and exercises is based upon the list printed1 first in #aijd and much enlarged in #aiaj1 in the author's ,principles of ,economics4 ,much material has been added that had been shaped and used in class work at ,princeton ,university1 and a few other problems have been drawn from1 or suggested by1 other published lists4 ,the plan of indicating the original sources of a number of these questions has been found to be too difficult to be completed for the present edition4 ,indeed1 it appears that numerous test problems have become a common heritage for economic teachers1 and one can hardly be sure when one has traced the ideas to their original sources4 ,some of them have appeared in somewhat differing forms in various lists for a half century past4 ,particular acknowledgment is made to my colleagues1 ,professors ,adriance and ,mc,cabe1 who devised a number of the questions for class use2 and to ,dr4 ,stanley ,e4 ,howard1 who has given most valuable aid in the preparation of this ,manual in its present form4 ,f4 ,a4 ,f4 ,princeton1 ,n4 ,j41 ,february1 #aiag4 ,,manual ,,of ,,references ,,and ,,exercises ,,in ,,economics ,,manual ,,of ,,references ,,and ,,exercises ,,in ,,economics ,,chapter ,i ,,material ,,resources ,,of ,,the ,,nation ,,references4 7,those marked with an asterisk 7997 are the shorter assignments that are most applicable47 ,adams1 ,c4 ,c41 ,commercial geography4 #aijf4 ,marsh1 ,g4 ,p41 ,man and nature3 or physical geography as modified by human action4 #ahfd4 7,later editions under the title1 ,the earth as modified by human action47 99,materials1 #eh-fa 7,extract from ,mason1 ,o4 ,t41 ,technogeography1 or the relation of the earth to the industries of mankind4 ,american ,anthropologist1 #g3 #ace-aeh4 #aije72 #fa-ff 7extract from ,semple1 ,e4 ,c41 ,influence of geographic environment4 #aiaa47 ,smith1 ,j4 ,r41 ,industrial and commercial geography1 #aiac4 99,source ,book1 #bib-cjb 7extract from72 ,daniels1 ,w4 ,m41 ,economic causes as affecting the political history of the ,united ,states4 ,accountants' ,magazine1 ,may1 #aijg4 ,teele1 ,r4 ,p41 ,irrigation in the ,united ,states4 #aiae4 ,trotter1 ,s41 ,the geography of commerce4 #aijc4 ,united ,states ,census1 #aiaj4 ,volume on wealth1 debt1 and taxation4 ,van ,hise1 ,c4 ,r41 ,conservation of natural resources4 #aiaj4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what relation can be observed between general industrial conditions and the per capita wealth8 ,between the character of the people and the per capita wealth8 ,can countries be grouped geographically according to per capita wealth8 #b4 ,how does the ,united ,states compare with other countries with respect to the estimated amounts and values of cereal products8 ,textile fibres8 ,coal8 ,iron and copper ore8 ,present the results of your study in tabular form4 #c4 ,from the reports of the ,thirteenth ,census prepare a statement in tabular form showing the geographical distribution of our chief domestic sources of supply of the leading cereals1 of neat cattle1 of textile fibres1 of coal1 iron ore and copper ore1 and of water power4 #d4 ,what physical conditions account for the greatness of ancient ,egypt1 of ,venice1 of ,holland1 of ,england1 of the ,united ,states8 #e4 ,has the isothermal line any relation to the number of millionaires8 ,,chapter #b ,,the ,,present ,,economic ,,system ,,references4 ,cooley1 ,c4 ,h41 ,human nature and the social order4 #aijb4 ,cooley1 ,c4 ,h41 ,personal competition4 ,amer4 ,econ4 ,assn41 ,econ4 ,studies1 #d3 #gh-agc4 #ahii4 99,ely1 ,r4 ,t41 ,competition3 its nature1 its permanency1 and its beneficence4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,pubs41 #c;d ser41 #b3 #ee-gj4 #aija4 ,ely1 ,r4 ,t41 ,evolution of industrial society4 #aijc4 ,ely1 ,r4 ,t41 ,property and contract in their relation to the distribution of wealth4 #aiad4 7#b vols47 ,giddings1 ,f4 ,h41 ,the economic ages4 ,p4 ,s4 ,q41 #af3 #aic-bba4 #aija4 99,gray1 ,john ,h41 ,economics and the law4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #e 7no4 #a1 supp473 #c-bc4 #aiad4 ,kinley1 ,david1 ,the renewed extension of government control of economic life4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d 7no4 #a1 supp473 #c-ag4 #aiad4 ,schmoller1 ,gustav1 ,the mercantile system4 ,trans4 by ,ashley1 #ahif4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,state briefly and criticize the theories of the origin of private property4 #b4 ,what have been the theories put forward to justify the system of private property in the past8 #c4 ,under private property1 can men complain of the use made by others of their wealth on the ground merely that it was unwise8 #d4 ,what are the recognized limitations upon the right of private property8 ,are these limitations in opposition to the principle by which private property is now generally defended8 #e4 ,is the right of bequest a necessary condition of private property8 #f4 ,do you know of any father who created more wealth because he could bequeath it to his son8 #g4 ,does the son work as hard when he inherits his father's wealth8 #h4 ,what is the effect of private property on saving8 #i4 ,what is meant by the ,factory ,system8 #aj4 ,through what historic stages has production passed8 ,,chapter #c ,,nature1 ,,use ,,and ,,coinage ,,of ,,money ,,references4 ,jevons1 ,w4 ,s41 ,money and the mechanism of exchange4 #ahge4 ,chs4 ,,iii-,,vii1 ,,xiii4 99,johnson1 ,j4 ,f41 ,money and currency4 #aije4 ,chs4 ,i1 ,,ii1 ,,ix4 99,phillips1 ,c4 ,a4 7,ed471 ,readings in money and banking4 #aiaf4 ,chs4 ,i-,,iii1 ,,xiv4 ,walker1 ,f4 ,a41 ,money in its relations to trade and industry4 #ast ed4 #ahgi4 ,chs4 ,i1 ,,ii4 ,white1 ,horace1 ,money and banking illustrated by ,american history4 ,ed4 #aiad4 ,bk4 ,i4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what are the qualities of metallic money8 #b4 ,what is the difficulty in deciding whether to call the following money3 gold ingots1 gold coin1 silver dollars1 copper cents1 greenbacks1 bank-checks1 chalk-marks to keep account8 #c4 ,who makes coins8 ,would jewelers make better ones8 #d4 ,what are the advantages and disadvantages of a seigniorage tax8 ,,chapter #d ,,the ,,value ,,of ,,money ,,references4 ,fisher1 ,irving1 ,the purchasing power of money4 #aiaa4 ,gibson1 ,thomas1 ,special market letters on the increasing gold supply and its effect on security values2 interest rates2 commodity prices1 etc4 #aijh4 99,johnson1 chs4 ,,iii-,,viii1 ,x4 ,kemmerer1 ,e4 ,w41 ,money and credit instruments in their relation to general prices4 #b;d ed4 #aiji4 ,magee1 ,j4 ,d41 ,money and prices4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #ba3 #fha-gaa1 #gih-hah4 #aiac4 99,phillips1 chs4 ,,viii1 ,,xi4 ,round table discussion1 ,money and prices4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,bul41 #dth ser41 #a 7no4 #b73 #df-gj4 #aiaa4 99,source ,book1 #cjc-cac4 7,extract from report of the ,secretary of the ,treasury1 #aiaa47 ,united ,states ,secretary of the ,treasury1 ,finance report1 #aiaa4 ,walker1 ,f4 ,a41 chs4 ,,iv1 ,v4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what are the functions of money8 #b4 ,what are the principal things besides money uses that cause a demand for gold and silver8 #c4 ,why do you value money8 ,do you value it more than the things it buys8 #d4 ,when goods are exchanged for money or money for goods1 what is the gain8 #e4 ,if money is a tool1 what does it make8 #f4 ,when gold comes out of the mine is the gain to the community greater or less than when the same value of grain is harvested8 #g4 ,are men wealthy in proportion to the money they have8 ,are countries8 #h4 ,would a nation be poorer1 if1 like ,sparta1 it prohibited all money8 #i4 ,is a community poor because it has little money in circulation or does it have little money in circulation because it is poor8 #aj4 ,could a country better do without money1 horses1 or roads8 #aa4 ,why does nearly all the gold produced in ,california leave the state8 ,what keeps any of it there8 #ab4 ,the mint price of an ounce of gold1 4#ijj fine1 is alike at ,san ,francisco and ,philadelphia1 #ah4fjd4 ,why is gold ever shipped from ,california to ,new ,york8 #ac4 ,does gold cost the day-laborer as much in ,california as in ,new ,york8 #ad4 ,note any habits of friends that result in their carrying more or less money than others of the same income4 #ae4 ,what determines the amount of money needed by different persons1 towns1 states1 and nations8 #af4 ,give examples of things that increase the demand for money4 #ag4 ,on an isolated island would it make any difference as to the value of money if there were but one gold-mine or several competing ones1 supposing that the output were the same8 #ah4 ,what per cent4 of the total money in the world is the yearly output of gold2 of silver2 of gold and silver8 ,stat4 ,abst4 #ai4 ,is the value of gold and silver due to the action of government8 #bj4 ,in what ways may the government determine the value of the monetary standard8 #ba4 ,if all the different denominations of media of exchange were doubled in number1 exchanges remaining unchanged1 what would be the effect upon prices8 #bb4 ,is it true of all commodities that changes in supply affect their value proportionally8 ,is it true of money8 ,if in your opinion there is any difference1 explain it4 #bc4 ,if the amount of coal in a country should be increased twenty-five per cent41 in what percentage would you expect the value of coal to change8 ,give reasons4 ,if the amount of money in a country should be increased twenty-five per cent41 in what direction and in what percentage would the value of money change8 ,give reasons4 7,in each case the condition is other things being equal47 #bd4 ,if in a given community all watch cases were made of gold1 and each case contained one ounce of gold1 would you expect the value of watch cases to fall by exactly one-half if the number of watch cases in the community were doubled1 all other things remaining the same8 ,if in another community 7at another time7 all exchanges were made exclusively by the use of gold coins1 each containing an ounce of pure gold1 would you expect that prices in general would be exactly doubled in case no change occurred in the community except a doubling of the number of coins in circulation8 #be4 ,why might an increased resort to barter produce upon the general level of money prices effects similar to those produced by an increased use of credit media of exchange8 #bf4 ,what gives rise to the belief sometimes held that money is an invariable standard of value8 #bg4 ,define depreciation and appreciation of the currency4 ,what causes may produce either8 ,what are the effects of either8 ,more generally1 what determines the value of the currency8 #bh4 ,if gold were to become as plentiful as iron1 would it be worth more or less than iron8 #bi4 ,a nation having no foreign trade had originally in circulation #a1jjj1jjj coins1 each called a florin1 and each containing an ounce of pure metal4 ,to this original coin circulation the government adds #ejj1jjj florins each containing one-half ounce of pure metal1 and at the same time the government adds to the circulation #fjj1jjj florins in the shape of inconvertible paper4 ,both the half ounce florin and the paper florin are by law made legal tender for a full weight florin4 ,in the absence of any tendency to discriminate between accepting different kinds of florins in domestic trade1 and with no other changes in the money situation except such as are necessitated by the aforesaid additions to the circulating medium1 tell1 first1 what ultimately will be the number of florins in circulation1 and give your reasons2 and tell1 second1 of what kinds of florins and in what proportions the ultimate circulating medium will be composed4 #cj4 ,assume a country using gold alone as money and having in circulation #b1jjj1jjj coins1 under a system of free coinage4 ,what would be the effect of closing the mints and issuing #a1ejj1jjj new coins containing nine-tenths as much gold as the coins above mentioned1 assuming that the number of goods exchanged remains the same8 ,explain clearly4 ,what is the total quantity of such new coins the government can issue and keep in circulation8 ,explain clearly4 #ca4 ,a country using gold money as its sole medium of exchange1 under free and gratuitous coinage1 makes the following change3 it imposes a seigniorage charge of ten per cent41 but without giving up free coinage or reducing the amount of fine gold in the coin4 ,to what extent and in what direction will the value of money change1 if at all 7a7 if the number of goods exchanged gradually increases five percent42 7b7 if the number of goods exchanged gradually increases twenty-five percent48 ,give your reasons clearly4 ,,chapter #e ,,fiduciary ,,money1 ,,metal ,,and ,,paper ,,references4 99,jevons1 chs4 ,,viii1 ,,xvii1 ,,xviii4 99,johnson1 chs4 ,,xiii-,,xvi4 ,kemmerer1 ,e4 ,w41 ,modern currency reforms4 #aiaf4 99,phillips1 chs4 ,,iv1 ,v1 ,,xii4 ,united ,states ,director of the ,mint1 ,annual reports4 ,walker1 chs4 ,,viii-,,xii4 ,white1 ,bk4 ,,ii1 chs4 ,,iii-,,vi4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,when #eafj grains of standard gold 7i4e41 by weight nine-tenths fine1 with the other tenth composed of the alloy used in gold coin of the ,united ,states7 sell in ,new ,york for #bja4be has the money saturation point been reached or exceeded1 and will bullion be taken to the mint or coin melted down or exported8 #b4 ,define legal-tender as applied to money4 ,what is meant by fiat money8 #c4 ,is a ,united ,states standard silver dollar commodity or fiduciary money8 ,what determines its value8 ,of what importance is its legal tender quality8 #d4 ,is the provision of law whereby the fractional silver coins of the ,united ,states are of less proportionate silver content than the standard silver dollar necessary to-day8 ,is it useful8 ,give your reasons4 #e4 ,under what conditions will bad money fail to displace good money from circulation8 #f4 ,under what circumstances will money that is not in fact convertible into other money have greater value than the material of which it 7the first mentioned money7 is made8 ,give an example from the monetary experience of the ,united ,states4 #g4 ,in a country which has hitherto had free and gratuitous coinage of gold1 the government institutes a seigniorage charge of five per cent4 by reducing to that extent the amount of gold put into each coin2 the gold withheld by the government is not coined4 ,what will be the effect of this seigniorage charge upon 7a7 prices in that country1 7b7 the comparative value of the gold in a new coin and the same weight of uncoined gold8 ,make your reasoning clear4 #h4 ,if a nation's entire money circulation consisting of #a1jjj1jjj coins1 all of them debased by a seigniorage charge of #ej per cent41 were at once increased by the government's putting into circulation #cjj1jjj pieces of inconvertible paper money1 each piece of the same denomination as each coin1 what effects might be anticipated on the basis of ,gresham's law or otherwise1 it being presupposed that the full amount of full weight coin required to conduct the nation's exchanges is only #ijj1jjj8 ,give your reasons4 #i4 ,a certain island has no silver mines and no foreign trade4 ,it effects all its exchanges by the actual use of silver coin whose coinage is free and gratuitous4 ,it has no banks1 and does not resort either to barter or to credit4 ,silver is also used in the shape of plate in the island4 ,originally it had #ajj1jjj silver coins in circulation1 each containing one ounce of pure silver4 ,after a certain date1 as these coins were paid into the government treasury for taxes1 at the rate of #e1jjj one-ounce coins per week1 the one-ounce coins were melted and the resulting bullion was recast1 each new coin weighing #b ounces and bearing the same name as the original one-ounce coins4 ,thereafter all coins struck at the island ,mint contained two ounces of silver1 and at that standard coinage continued free and gratuitous4 ,when the government first pays out the new #b-ounce pieces1 will they remain in circulation with the old one-ounce coins and have the same purchasing power8 ,give reasons4 #aj4 ,if the above-described process of reminting #e1jjj one-ounce coins per week continues for twelve weeks and then stops1 how many old and how many new coins will at the end of the twelfth week be in circulation8 ,reasons4 #aa4 ,the government of the island of ,guernsey having no money1 issued paper-notes to pay for the building of a market4 ,they circulated and were gradually taken up as the market earned its cost1 during ten years4 ,when they were all redeemed and burned1 the island had the market free of cost4 ,explain how this could be done4 7,from ,sumner's ,problems in political economy47 #ab4 ,suppose a nation has #a1jjj1jjj1jjj gold coins1 each weighing one ounce 7,troy7 as its only circulating medium4 ,suppose that the government enacts that henceforth coins will be uttered containing only #ii per cent4 as much pure gold as heretofore1 the government taking one per cent4 for its own use4 ,suppose other things remain the same4 ,what effect will this action have on the number of coins circulating8 ,will prices be affected8 ,now suppose the demand for money increases4 ,will bullion owners bring their bullion to the mint for coinage8 ,suppose this government had continued to utter coins of the same weight and fineness as before1 but had kept back one per cent4 of the bullion brought to the mint for its own use4 ,answer these three questions in the light of this supposition4 #ac4 ,tabulate the index numbers1 the greenback price of the gold dollar1 and the gold price of the greenback dollar1 from #ahfa to #ahgi4 #ad4 ,show the difference between convertible and inconvertible money4 #ae4 ,contrast the position of the commodity money theorists with that of the fiat money theorists4 #af4 ,in a gold-standard country1 one-half of whose monetary circulation consists of silver dollars 7which are unlimited legal tender7 and of silver certificates payable on demand in silver dollars 7and supported dollar for dollar by silver dollars in reserve71 and whose mints are closed to the free coinage of silver1 how would the money value of the silver dollars and silver certificates be affected if the gold price of silver should fall 7#a7 #aj per cent48 7#b7 #ej per cent8 7#c7 #e per cent48 ,how would it be affected if the value of gold should fall #aj per cent8 7,free coinage of gold is assumed74 ,explain the principles involved in your answer4 ,,chapter #f ,,the ,,standard ,,of ,,deferred ,,payments ,,references4 ,fisher1 ,irving1 ,appreciation and interest4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,pubs41 #aa3 #cca-ddb4 #ahif4 ,fisher1 ,irving1 ,a remedy for the rising cost of living--standardizing the dollar4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c 7no4 #a1 supp473 #bj-bh4 #aiac4 ,round table discussion of above1 #bi-ea4 ,fisher1 ,irving1 ,objections to a compensated dollar answered4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d3 #hah-hci4 #aiad4 99,jevons1 ch4 ,,xxv4 99,johnson1 chs4 ,,xi1 ,,xii1 ,,xvii4 ,kinley1 ,david1 ,objections to a monetary standard based on index numbers4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c3 #a-ai4 #aiac4 99,materials1 #ghg1 #ghh 7extract from ,brown1 ,h4 ,g4171 #ghh1 #ghi 7extract from ,clark1 ,w4 ,e41 in ,how to invest when prices are rising4 #aiab74 ,noyes1 ,a4 ,d41 ,forty years of ,american finance4 #aiji4 ,chs4 ,i-,,iii4 ,patterson1 ,e4 ,m41 ,objections to a compensated dollar4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c3 #hfc-hgd4 #aiac4 99,phillips1 chs4 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 ,,xiii4 ,taussig1 ,f4 ,w41 ,the plan for a compensated dollar4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bg3 #dja-daf4 #aiab-aiac4 ,united ,states ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics1 ,bul4 #agc4 #aiae4 ,walker1 chs4 ,,iii1 ,,vi1 ,,vii4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,in which year between #ahij and the present year would a fixed salary of #a1jjj have gone farthest8 ,in which year would its purchasing power have been least8 ,if a sum of #a1jjj loaned in #ahig was returned in #aijb1 what was the difference in its purchasing power on its return and when it was loaned8 #b4 ,will a day's work of a common laborer buy more to-day than it would a half century ago8 ,why8 #c4 ,the ,bureau of ,labor's index number for #aiab was #acc4 ,what was the percentage change in the value of money from the base period to #aiab8 ,give your reasons and your work4 #d4 ,average prices for years #ahfj-fe4 ,prices for #aijj4 ,coffee1 lb4 4#ab 4#ah ,coal1 ton #c4jj #c4fj ,sugar1 lb4 4#jh 4#jf ,wool1 lb4 4#cj 4#bj ,wheat1 bu4 4#hj 4#ij ,upon the basis of the prices of the above commodities estimate the general price level for #aijj1 showing the percentage of its decline or advance from the basal price level4 ,indicate some of the causes which may have brought about this decline or advance4 #e4 ,at a given time the following commodity prices prevailed3 cotton 7raw71 4#aj per lb42 wheat1 #a4jj per bu42 sugar1 4#jg per lb42 potatoes1 #a4jj per bu42 beef 7for roasting71 4#be per lb42 shoes1 #e4jj per pair2 cotton cloth of a standard grade1 4#ab per yd42 woolen cloth of a standard grade1 #a4be per yd42 men's hats1 #d4jj1 and coal1 #g4jj per ton4 ,at a later date the prices of the same commodities were respectively as follows3 4#ac1 #a4je1 4#jf1 #a4aj1 4#cj1 #e4ge1 4#ae1 #a4bj1 #d4ej and #f4ej4 ,tabulate these facts and compute index numbers1 which will show3 7#a7 changes in the price level of all ten commodities4 7#b7 changes in the price level of the articles of food4 7#c7 changes in the price level of the articles of clothing4 #f4 ,in the preceding exercise1 do the data afford sufficient grounds for saying that the cost of living has moved either upward or downward8 ,if an affirmative answer be assumed1 what has been the change in the value of money8 #g4 ,assign to each of the commodities listed above a weight which represents1 in your opinion1 its importance as an article of popular consumption4 ,using this system of weights compute index numbers to show changes in the price levels of the same groups of commodities4 ,how does the weighting affect your first conclusions regarding the changes in the cost of living8 ,what is the importance of a system of weighting8 #h4 ,if the world's annual production of gold should suddenly increase five-fold1 what would be the probable effect3 upon the welfare of a stock exchange speculator as compared with the welfare of a teacher2 upon the welfare of the creditor class as compared with that of the debtor class2 upon prices8 #i4 ,what is the function of the standard of deferred payments8 ,what is that standard now in ,america8 ,what change in it has lately been going on8 ,how is this affecting the incomes of various classes8 #aj4 ,what ought to be the characteristics of a standard unit of value8 #aa4 ,can you get a kind of money that will make the things that are sold1 dearer1 and the things that are bought1 cheaper8 #ab4 ,is the fact of one man's gain and another man's loss by chance of any economic or political importance8 #ac4 ,if every piece of money should miraculously be doubled in a night1 whose interests would be affected8 #ad4 ,compare the effect of an increasing gold output upon the price of outstanding bonds with its effect upon the price of common stock already issued4 #ae4 ,x is an isolated industrial country with a certain volume of money4 ,its government on a given day doubles the amount of currency4 ,what will be the effect upon the rate of interest4 7a7 of long-time loans1 7b7 of short-time loans1 and 7c7 of demand loans8 #af4 ,the rate of interest on long-time investments in a certain isolated community has been six per cent4 ,the amount of money in this community is increased so as to raise the general level of prices by #ajj per cent4 ,assuming that the increase in money has come wholly from the more copious output of money-metal from the mines1 to what extent will this rise in the general level of prices affect the rate of interest when thereafter capital is loaned for long-time periods8 #ag4 ,could a railway in the ,united ,states advantageously float a large issue of #bj-year bonds in the year #aiaf8 ,give reasons for your answer4 ,show clearly what you mean by advantageously4 ,would a railroad wish to float such an issue if it could8 ,why8 #ah4 ,is there anything in the nature of mining that keeps the ratio of the supply of gold and silver nearly uniform8 #ai4 ,some say ,providence has indicated gold and silver as the materials for money4 ,how has this been done8 #bj4 ,what are the main reasons given for the ratio of #af to #a8 #ba4 ,does the principle of the substitution of goods have any bearing on the value of metals under bimetallism8 #bb4 ,what is the theory of money held by bimetallists8 #bc4 ,inasmuch as gold 7before #ahdh7 was more valuable on the world's market than at the ,french mint1 relatively to silver1 it was impossible that gold should circulate in ,france4 ,is this a necessary conclusion8 #bd4 ,what arguments advanced in favor of bimetallism in #ahif are inapplicable to-day8 #be4 ,what is the extent of the influence one nation can have on the ratio of the two precious metals8 #bf4 ,how would the adoption of international bimetallism to-day at the ratio of #cb to #a affect 7a7 the circulating medium1 7b7 the standard of value in different countries8 ,consider both the immediate and the eventual results4 #bg4 ,what would have happened if a free silver law had been enacted in the ,united ,states in #aijj8 #bh4 ,would an ideal monetary standard always measure the same quantity of goods8 #bi4 ,a owes ,b a long term debt1 which falls due just before the commencement of a commercial crisis2 would it be to the advantage or disadvantage of ,a if the contract called for payment in terms of a tabular standard8 #cj4 ,why has not the tabular standard of deferred payments come into common use8 ,is the tabular standard sound or unsound in principle8 ,would your answer apply to the labor standard8 ,,chapter #g ,,the ,,functions ,,of ,,banks ,,references4 ,cleveland1 ,f4 ,a41 ,funds and their uses4 #aijb4 ,conant1 ,c4 ,a41 ,history of modern banks of issue4 #eth ed41 #aiae4 ,dunbar1 ,c4 ,f41 ,theory and history of banking4 #b;d ed41 #aija4 ,fisk1 ,a4 ,k41 ,the modern bank4 #aijc4 ,holdsworth1 ,j4 ,t41 ,money and banking4 #aiad4 ,kinley1 ,david1 ,the specie reserve in a banking system4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #ab-bd4 #aiab4 99,phillips1 chs4 ,,ix1 ,x4 ,scott1 ,w4 ,a41 ,money and banking4 #aijc4 ,veblen1 ,t41 ,theory of business enterprise4 #aijd4 99,white1 bk4 ,,iii1 chs4 ,i-,,iii4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what does a bank do for a community8 #b4 ,what are the functions performed by a bank8 #c4 ,what are the sources of income to a bank8 #d4 ,explain the most important ways in which the deposits of commercial banks originate2 and state which of these ways creates the greatest amount of demand liabilities of the banks4 #e4 ,do all banks issue notes8 ,why8 #f4 ,what is the advantage to a bank of the right to issue bank notes8 #g4 ,how does the issue of bank notes differ from the lending of funds to depositors8 #h4 ,can a bank that issues its own notes afford to lend cheaper than the ordinary capitalist8 #i4 ,two men ,a and ,b have notes each for #ajjj discounted at the same bank4 ,a is credited on the bank's books with the right to draw #iej4 ,b receives #iej in the circulating notes issued by this bank4 ,are the bank's liabilities increased to precisely the same extent by the two transactions8 ,does either transaction immediately lessen the bank's cash reserve8 #aj4 ,the following are the items of a report of a ,national ,bank3 ,capital stock1 #ej1jjj2 ,cash on hand and in banks1 #gg1jff4ba2 ,circulation1 #di1djj2 ,bills payable1 #aj1jjj2 ,united ,states and other bonds1 #bci1jej2 ,deposits1 #dfe1dag4da2 ,surplus and net undivided profits1 #cj1ieb4eh2 ,loans and investments1 #bhi1fec4gh4 7a7 ,separate and arrange these items in accordance with a regular bank statement and prove your answer4 7b7 ,show how these items illustrate the essential functions of a bank1 explaining in detail the nature of these functions4 #aa4 ,sort out from the following items the resources and liabilities and show the equality of total resources and total liabilities3 ,unpaid dividends #ghb4jj ,reserved for payment of taxes due #aj1jjj4jj ,undivided profits #he1bbh4eg ,capital stock #ejj1jjj4jj ,surplus fund #bej1jjj4jj ,cash items 7checks to be presented for settlement in next day's exchanges7 #bhj1cdg4dc ,loans and discounts #b1ghb1gac4ae ,u4 ,s4 legal tender notes and notes of national banks #dce1bif4jj ,specie #bgh1cjd4dh ,deposits #d1jeg1icd4fa ,overdrafts 7checks paid in excess of deposits7 #b1hdb4aj ,due from banks and bankers #cgj1adb4jb ,real estate #dc1ijj4jj ,mortgage owned #a1jjj4jj ,bonds #gji1djj4jj #ab4 ,classify the following items as resources or liabilities of a national bank and give reasons for your classification of the #ast1 #dth1 #fth1 and #gth3 7#a7 ,capital stock1 #ej1jjj2 7#b7 ,real estate1 furniture1 fixtures1 etc41 #ae1jdf4ad2 7#c7 ,cash1 #fi1cdc4cd2 7#d7 ,surplus and net undivided profits1 #ai1beg4dc2 7#e7 ,united ,states bonds1 #ajh1iea4ej2 7#f7 ,loans and discounts1 #bdb1edf4cf2 7#g7 ,deposits1 #cja1fgi4ia2 7#h7 ,circulation 7i4e41 notes outstanding71 #fd1iej4 ,prove that your classification is correct by balancing the account4 ,then show the changes made in the account by the following transaction3 ,the bank loans #be1jjj4jj for #ij days at #f per cent4 interest1 and the borrower draws out one-half the amount1 with which he is credited after the bank has made the proper deduction for interest4 #ac4 ,the week's averages of the ,new ,york banks for the third week in ,may compare as follows in #aije and #aijd3 #aije4 #aijd4 ,loans #a1abj1dbf1hjj #a1jef1eec1ejj ,deposits #a1afe1aea1gjj #a1ajj1ehf1ajj ,circulation #de1cjh1cjj #cf1dhj1djj ,specie #bae1agd1bjj #baj1jjb1hjj ,legal tenders #hd1ccc1gjj #gh1adc1jjj ,explain why loans and deposits in the above table show practically the same increase from #aijd to #aije4 #ad4 ,how would the balance sheet of a commercial bank issuing an ordinary asset bank-note currency stand after the following operations8 ,the bank opens business with a paid-up capital of #b1jjj1jjj and a surplus of #djj1jjj4 ,it spends #ej1jjj in its own bank notes for furniture and fixtures4 ,it discounts at six per cent4 for various customers #d1jjj1jjj of #fj-;day notes and bills receivable1 the borrowers taking one-fourth of the proceeds in cash1 one-fourth in the bank's own bank notes1 and leaving the balance on deposit4 ,customers cash checks on their accounts for #fjj1jjj receiving two-thirds of the amount in the bank's own bank notes and the other third in coin and other kinds of lawful money4 ,other customers make deposits of #ijj1jjj1 of which one-third is in lawful money1 one-third in the bank's own bank notes1 and one-third in the checks of other depositors in the same bank4 ,the bank buys at par #a1bjj1jjj of railroad bonds1 paying for them in its own bank notes4 ,it pays with its own bank notes expenses for wages1 stationery and taxes to the amount of #aj1jjj4 7b7 ,what percentage of reserve is it carrying at the end of these operations8 #ae4 ,statement of a national bank4 ,,liabilities ,,resources ,thousand ,thousand ,capital1 #dfd4 ,loans and discounts1 #gjh4 ,surplus1 #bjc4 ,over-drafts1 4#a ,undivided profits1 #ec4 ,bonds to secure circulation ,circulation1 #djd4 7par value7 #dej4 ,deposits1 #dai4 ,other stocks and bonds1 #afc4 ,due banks1 #bi4 ,due from reserve agents1 #aje4 ,due from banks1 #ba4 ,banking house1 #cb4 ,current expenses and taxes1 #c4 ,checks and cash items1 #d4 ,exchange for ,clear4 ,house1 #aa4 ,notes of other banks1 #ae4 ,gold1 #cj4 ,silver1 4#i ,legal tenders1 #i4 ,redemption fund in ,u4 ,s4 ,t4 #bj4 ------- ------- #a1egb4 #a1egb4 ,what can you learn from this statement about the kind of business which the bank is carrying on1 and its power to withstand a financial storm8 #af4 ,how would the balance sheet of a commercial bank stand after the following operations8 ,the bank begins business with a paid-up capital of #cjj1jjj and a surplus of #fj1jjj4 ,it discounts for customers #fjj1jjj of four-months notes and bills receivable1 at #f per cent41 the borrowers taking one third of the proceeds in cash 7i4e41 lawful money71 and leaving two-thirds on deposit4 ,customers deposit #bjj1jjj1 of which one-half is in cash1 one-quarter is in checks drawn on this bank1 and one-quarter is in checks drawn on other banks4 #ag4 ,suppose that this bank now reorganizes as a national bank and1 to secure the privilege of note issue1 buys ,united ,states #b per cent4 bonds of a par value of #ij1jjj at #ajb4 ,these bonds it deposits with the ,treasurer of the ,united ,states and receives the full amount of national bank notes to which it is entitled4 ,depositors withdraw by check #ahj1jjj1 the bank giving them #de1jjj in its notes and the balance in lawful money4 ,a dividend of #b per cent4 is declared1 and is paid1 one-half in lawful money and one-half in the form of deposits4 ,present the balance sheet4 ,,chapter #h ,,banking ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,before #aiad ,,references4 ,hollander1 ,j4 ,h41 ,security holdings of national banks4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c3 #gic-had4 #aiac4 ,kemmerer1 ,e4 ,w41 ,banking reform in the ,united ,states4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c 7no4 #a1 supp473 #eb-fc4 #aiac4 ,round table discussion of above1 #fd-hh4 ,kemmerer1 ,e4 ,w41 ,seasonal variations in the ,new ,york money market4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #a3 #cc-di4 #aiaa4 ,national ,monetary ,commission1 ,report4 #aiab4 ,in ,sen4 ,doc4 #bdc1 #fb;d ,cong41 #b;d ,sess4 ,phillips1 ch4 ,,xxx4 99,source ,book1 #cbd-ccf 7extract from ,national ,monetary ,commission ,report71 #cad-cbc 7extract from #aiaj report of the ,comptroller of the ,currency74 ,sprague1 ,o4 ,m4 ,w41 ,proposals for strengthening the national banking system4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bd3 #bja-bdb1 #fcd-fei2 #be3 #fg-ie4 #aiji-aiaa4 ,united ,states ,comptroller of the ,currency1 ,annual reports4 99,white1 bk4 ,,iii1 chs4 ,,iv1 ,,xv1 ,,xvii1 ,,xx1 ,,xxi1 and appendices ,a and ,b4 ,willis1 ,h4 ,p41 ,the banking question in ,congress4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #hfi-hhe4 #aiab4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,explain the method followed by national banks in issuing bank notes4 ,why did the banks often find it more profitable to use their money in other ways than by issuing bank notes8 ,ref43 ,discussion in various reports of ,comptroller of the ,currency4 #b4 ,section #bh of the ,national ,bank ,act of ,june #c1 #ahfd1 after providing that a national banking association may hold real estate necessary for its immediate accommodation in the transaction of its business and such other real estate and mortgages thereupon as it may have taken to secure debts previously contracted1 provides that ,such associations 7national banks7 shall not purchase or hold real estate in any other case or for any other purpose4444 7a7 ,what is the reason for the above provision8 7b7 ,would it be wise to make a similar prohibition on savings banks8 #c4 ,describe the clearing house and define its economic advantages4 #d4 ,if there are twenty banks in a town and no clearing house1 how many collections would have to be made by all the banks daily assuming that each day depositors of each bank receive checks on the other nineteen banks8 #e4 ,does a clearing house enable the banks that belong to it to get along with a smaller cash reserve8 ,,chapter #i ,,the ,,federal ,,reserve ,,act ,,references4 ,conway1 ,thomas1 ,jr41 ,the financial policy of the ,federal reserve banks4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bb3 #cai-cca4 #aiad4 ,federal ,reserve ,board1 ,the ,federal ,reserve ,bulletin4 ,monthly4 99,phillips1 ch4 ,,xxxi4 ,scott1 ,w4 ,a41 ,banking reserves under the ,federal ,reserve ,act4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bb3 #ccb-cdd4 #aiad4 ,white1 bk4 ,,iii1 ch4 ,,xxii and appendices ,d and ,e4 ,willis1 ,h4 ,p41 ,the ,federal ,reserve ,act4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d3 #a-bd4 #aiad4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,name and contrast the different kinds of banks in the ,united ,states4 #b4 ,how are notes issued under the ,federal ,reserve ,act8 #c4 ,if on a given date the surplus reserve 7i4e41 the reserve in excess of the legal minimum reserve required by law to be held against deposits7 of the ,new ,york ,associated ,banks amounts to #aa1jjj1jjj1 and the deposits on the same date amount to #a1afd1jjj1jjj1 what is the total cash reserve held by the banks on said date8 ,what would it have been in #aiab8 #d4 ,the ,new ,york ,times of ,december #h1 #aiaf1 said3 ,the rediscounting of commercial paper at the ,federal ,reserve ,bank of ,new ,york by some of the city's largest banks on ,wednesday had the effect yesterday of improving general money market conditions4 ,call loans which were made at #ae per cent4 on ,monday1 and as high as #aj per cent4 on ,tuesday1 and touched seven per cent4 ,wednesday1 were placed yesterday at from three to five per cent4 ,most of the loans were made at four and one-half per cent41 the renewal rate1 and the closing quotation was three per cent4 ,time money rates were easier4 ,explain the process of rediscounting here referred to4 ,in just what way did the rediscounting operations relieve the call money market8 ,do you consider that this use of the rediscounting facilities provided by the ,federal ,reserve ,system was in accord with sound banking principles8 ,was it the best possible use of the rediscounting mechanism8 ,for suggestions see the ,new ,york ,times of ,december #e1 #aiaf1 under the heading ,financial ,markets4 ,,chapter #aj ,,crises ,,and ,,industrial ,,depressions ,,references4 ,dewey1 ,d4 ,r41 ,financial history of the ,united ,states1 #dth ed41 #aiab4 ,ch4 ,x4 ,england1 ,minnie ,t41 ,promotion as the cause of crises4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bi3 #gdh-gfg4 #aiad-aiae4 99,hamilton1 ,readings1 #ia-ic1 #ic-ie1 #ie-ih4 ,hobson1 ,j4 ,a41 ,evolution of modern capitalism4 ,ed41 #aiab4 ,ch4 #g4 ,jones1 ,e4 ,d41 ,economic crises4 #aijj4 ,juglar1 ,c41 and ,thom1 ,c4 ,w41 ,a brief history of panics and their periodical recurrence in the ,united ,states4 ,ed41 #aiaf4 99,materials1 #cia-cif4 ,mitchell1 ,w4 ,c41 ,business cycles4 #aiac4 ,moore1 ,h4 ,l41 ,economic cycles3 their law and cause4 #aiad4 ,nelson1 ,s4 ,a41 ,the ,a ,b ,c of ,wall ,street4 #aijj4 ,patterson1 ,e4 ,m41 ,the theories advanced in explanation of economic crises4 ,a4 ,a4 ,a41 #ei3 #acc-adg4 #aiae4 99,phillips1 chs4 ,,xxviii1 ,,xxix4 99,source ,book1 #ach-aef4 ,sprague1 ,o4 ,m4 ,w41 ,the crisis of #aiad in the ,united ,states4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #e3 #dii-ecc4 #aiae4 ,united ,states ,bureau of ,labor1 ,annual report for #ahhf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what is a financial crisis8 ,an industrial depression8 #b4 ,describe the trade1 banking and price conditions which obtain just preceding1 during and immediately following a crisis4 #c4 ,state clearly and explain the movement of prices of stocks1 bonds1 mortgages1 land1 commodities generally1 wages and interest rates on long time and short time loans1 before1 during1 and after a crisis4 #d4 ,tabulate for a series of years covering periods of prosperity and depression1 the prices of stocks1 bonds1 real estate1 and of some commodities4 #e4 ,what economic changes occurred in your own community in the panic of #ahic-id1 or in the years #aijc-jd1 or in #aijg-jh8 #f4 ,is it possible that the amount of all goods produced shall be in excess of the community's power of consumption8 #g4 ,as the average ,american can produce far more than he can consume1 it has been proved repeatedly that as long as the sale of his products is confined to the home markets1 over-production is certain to be a natural consequence of every prolonged period of activity4 ,for half a century1 therefore1 with regularly recurring seasons of surplus production1 there came those inevitable commercial crises which emphasized with increasing force the necessity for foreign markets4 7,this passage is taken from a reprint of a speech of a congressman47 ,criticize the view as to the cause of commercial crises expressed in the above statement4 #h4 ,is a crisis caused by too much or too little money1 or by some other influence8 #i4 ,if there were twice as much money in the world1 would panics take place8 #aj4 ,in a period of depression is there less money than usual in the country8 ,in the banks8 #aa4 ,in what ways and to what extent are trade conditions apt to be affected by3 ,the increasing gold supply8 ,the trust movement8 ,increasing armies and navies8 ,the agricultural situation8 #ab4 ,explain the difference in the motive of the borrower at ordinary times and in times of panic4 #ac4 ,how are loans affected when the reserve limit as established either by law or custom is reached in ,england1 ,germany and the ,united ,states8 #ad4 ,what in your opinion is the correct explanation of crises8 #ae4 ,in what ways is business affected by the condition of the crops8 ,within what limitations8 ,in the case of which crops is the connection closest8 #af4 ,what element of security is furnished by clearing houses during panics8 #ag4 ,describe the method used by the banks in meeting demands of depositors during the panics of #ahic and of #aijg4 7,dunbar is especially valuable4 ,also ,o4 ,m4 ,w4 ,sprague1 ,history of crises under the ,national ,banking ,system1 pub4 by ,nat4 ,monetary ,com47 ,,chapter #aa ,,institutions ,,for ,,saving ,,and ,,investment ,,references4 ,chamberlain1 ,laurence1 ,principles of bond investment4 #dth ed41 #aiac4 ,the work of the bond house4 #aiac4 ,devine1 ,h4 ,c41 ,people's coperative banks for workers in towns1 and small holders1 allotment cultivators1 and others in country districts4 #aijh4 ,dexter1 ,seymour1 ,a treatise on coperative savings and loan associations4 ,ed41 #ahid4 ,fisher1 ,irving1 ,kemmerer1 ,e4 ,w41 ,brown1 ,h4 ,g41 and others1 ,how to invest when prices are rising4 #aiab4 ,guenther1 ,louis1 ,investment and speculation4 #aiaf4 7,la ,salle ,uni47 ,hamilton1 ,j4 ,h41 ,savings and savings institutions4 #aijb4 ,johnson1 ,a4 ,s41 ,influences affecting the development of thrift4 ,p4 ,s4 ,q41 #bb3 #bbd-bdd4 #aijg4 ,kemmerer1 ,e4 ,w41 ,the ,united ,states ,postal ,savings bank4 ,p4 ,s4 ,q41 #bf3 #dfb-dii4 #aiaa4 ,kniffin1 ,w4 ,h41 ,the savings bank and its practical work4 #aiab4 99,phillips1 ch4 ,,xvi4 ,wolff1 ,h4 ,w41 ,a coperative bank handbook4 #aiji4 ,coperative banking4 #aijg4 ,people's banks4 #c;d ed41 #aiaj4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what are the nature and purpose of legislation restricting the investments of savings banks8 #b4 ,what are these restrictions in this state8 ,in your own state8 ,in those states which are regarded as having the most highly developed laws in this field8 #c4 ,is legislation in this field to be considered as subsidizing certain types of private enterprise8 ,if so1 is it socially justifiable8 ,,chapter #ab ,,principles ,,of ,,insurance ,,references4 ,gephart1 ,w4 ,f41 ,principles of insurance4 #aiac4 ,gephart1 ,w4 ,f41 ,insurance and the state4 #aiac4 ,huebner1 ,s4 ,s41 ,life insurance4 #aiae4 ,huebner1 ,s4 ,s41 ,property insurance4 #aiac4 ,statistical ,abstract of the ,united ,states4 ,valgren1 ,v4 ,n41 ,farmers' mutual fire insurance in ,minnesota4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #be3 #chg-cif4 #aiaj-aiaa4 ,willet1 ,a4 ,h41 ,economic theory of risk and insurance4 #aija4 ,zartman1 ,l4 ,w4 7,ed471 ,fire insurance4 ,ed41 #aiae4 ,zartman1 ,l4 ,w4 7,ed471 ,life insurance4 ,ed41 #aiae4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what are the conditions of economically sound insurance8 ,give at least two examples4 #b4 ,what is the essential economic difference between gambling and insurance8 #c4 ,give examples showing the difference between a gambling house and an insurance company8 #d4 ,investors in ,russian bonds are said to take out policies of insurance payable to themselves in the event of the ,czar's death1 their object being to guard themselves against loss by the depreciation of their ,russian securities in case of political disturbances that might emerge upon a change of rulers4 7a7 ,do you regard such insurance as gambling or legitimate speculation from the standpoint of either insurer or insured8 7b7 ,do you regard the issue of such policies on the part of the insurance companies as sound8 #e4 ,ought lotteries to be permitted by law8 #f4 ,suppose #a1jjj owners of #a1jjj buildings worth #g1jjj each wish to insure themselves against fire4 ,if the risk for the class of buildings involved in such that seven out of #a1jjj burn each year1 what annual payment from each owner would be necessary to insure all against total loss--expenses of management1 interest1 etc41 being ignored8 7,f4 ,m4 ,taylor47 #g4 ,suppose that a corporation owns #ejj buildings worth #ajj1jjj each2 that to insure against fire in an ordinary company would cost #bej for each building2 and that the corporation is convinced that by the expenditure of #aj1jjj the fire loss can be reduced to an average of one building every three years4 ,would it pay the corporation to insure with some company8 7,f4 ,m4 ,taylor47 ,,chapter #ac ,,international ,,trade ,,references4 ,bastable1 ,c4 ,e41 ,the theory of international trade4 #ahig4 ,brown1 ,h4 ,g41 ,international trade and exchange4 #aiad4 ,clare1 ,g41 ,the ,a ,b ,c of the foreign exchanges4 #ahie4 ,escher1 ,franklin1 ,the elements of foreign exchange4 #b;d ed41 #aiaa4 ,goschen1 ,viscount1 ,the theory of the foreign exchanges4 #ahih4 ,johnson1 ,e4 ,r41 ,probable changes in the foreign trade of the ,united ,states resulting from the ,european war4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #f 7no4 #a1 supp473 #ag-be4 #aiaf4 ,round table discussion of above1 #bf-di4 ,johnson1 ,e4 ,r41 ,van ,metre1 ,t4 ,w41 ,huebner1 ,g4 ,g41 and ,hanchett1 ,d4 ,s41 ,history of domestic and foreign commerce of the ,united ,states4 #aiae4 99,source ,book1 #ccg-cdf4 ,willis1 ,h4 ,p41 ,transportation and competition in ,south ,american markets4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b3 #had-hcc4 #aiab4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,is it bad policy to let the people of a suburban village spend money in the city for things that could be produced at home8 #b4 ,is it bad policy for ,california to buy ,new ,england manufactures8 #c4 ,give examples of the industrial advantages of ,america as compared with ,europe4 #d4 ,is the alleged superior efficiency of the ,american workman over the competing workman of ,europe connected in any way with the principle of proportionality8 #e4 ,community ,a has lands that can produce wheat at a cost of #fj cents per bushel1 corn at #dj cents per bushel and potatoes at #dj cents per bushel4 ,community ,b can produce wheat at #gj cents per bushel1 corn at #de cents per bushel and potatoes at #db cents per bushel4 ,supposing that each community can raise just enough of these foodstuffs for its own use1 will there be any incentive for them to exchange these products8 #f4 ,a man is of all sorts of luggage the most difficult to be transported4 ,what is the bearing of this fact upon the theory of international trade8 #g4 ,can a country have a persisting excess of merchandise exports over merchandise imports8 ,if so1 under what conditions8 #h4 ,if foreign exchange suddenly rose several cents1 while imports and exports remained the same1 to what causes might it be due8 #i4 ,if as the result of a year's foreign trade nation ,a obtains from other nations #aj1jjj1jjj in gold coin in settlement of the balance of international indebtedness1 to what extent does that sum measure the gain of nation ,a from international trade8 ,reasons4 #aj4 ,the statistics of exports and imports of the ,united ,states for the year #aijh-aiji show an excess of exports over imports of #cea1jjj1jjj in merchandise2 #ab1jjj1jjj in silver and #dh1jjj1jjj in gold4 ,explain clearly how the ,united ,states could have had an excess of exports of merchandise1 silver and gold in the same year4 #aa4 ,if demand exchange on ,london were selling at #d4hce in ,new ,york1 would that indicate anything as to the relative values of our imports and exports8 ,would gold be shipped under these conditions and if so in which direction8 ,explain4 #ab4 ,explain clearly the condition of commerce under which demand sterling bills of exchange will sell at #d4hge in the ,new ,york exchange market4 #ac4 ,if the merchandise imports from ,england to the ,united ,states equalled the exports from the ,united ,states to ,england1 what would be the state of exchange on ,london8 ,would there be any greater advantage to either of the countries engaged in trade8 #ad4 ,what effect on exchange has the holding of ,american bonds abroad8 #ae4 ,if large shipments of wheat are made to ,england1 will bills of exchange on ,london be higher or lower in ,new ,york8 #af4 ,when in ,new ,york a sight draft on ,london for #ejjj sells for #bd1aej1 in which direction are gold remittances likely to be moving8 ,give reasons4 #ag4 ,if ,england sells #aj1jjj1jjj worth of our securities to ,americans1 what is the effect on exchange rates8 #ah4 ,show what1 in a gold-producing country1 would be the relations and interaction of new gold supply1 prices1 relative amounts of imports and exports1 and rate of exchange4 7,sumner47 #ai4 ,a nation with n dollars in circulation has to pay a war indemnity of n dollars to another country having the same circulation4 ,how much money will each then have1 and what will be the effect on prices1 foreign trade1 rate of exchange8 7,davenport47 #bj4 ,suppose an increase in the volume of our currency1 due to a new issue of silver1 what would be the effect upon international trade8 ,would this effect be lasting8 ,would your answer depend at all upon the condition of our currency at the time the increase occurred8 #ba4 ,if through the improvement of our banking and currency system a much larger percentage of the business of the country comes to be done through the use of credits 7rather than money7 as the medium of exchange1 what will be the effect on 7a7 the quantity of money in circulation1 7b7 the general level of prices1 7c7 the composition of the country's media of exchange1 7d7 the international movement of gold1 7e7 the interests of debtors and creditors1 respectively8 #bb4 ,each one of two countries1 ,a and ,b1 can1 by the application of a given amount of labor to its material resources1 produce any one or all of the commodities ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p1 ,q1 ,r and ,s1 as exhibited in the following table3 ,commodity4 ,country ,a4 ,country ,b4 ,m #ej tons #fj tons ,n #ajjj yards #aajj yards ,o 4#be bales #bj bales ,p #ijj bushels #hjj bushels ,q #fjj ounces #fej ounces ,r #ejjj gallons #ejjj gallons ,s #bejj pounds #bjjj pounds 7a7 ,in the absence of restrictive legislation is each country likely to produce all of these commodities for itself8 ,why or why not8 7b7 ,if conditions are such as to lead to the territorial division of labor1 which commodities are most likely to be produced in each country8 7c7 ,about which of these commodities is there the least certainty on this point8 ,why8 ,,chapter #ad ,,the ,,policy ,,of ,a ,,protective ,,tariff ,,references4 ,bolen1 ,g4 ,l41 ,plain facts as to the trusts and the tariff4 #aijb4 ,pt4 ,,ii4 ,daniels1 ,w4 ,m41 ,the elements of public finance4 ,ed41 #aiaa4 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ch4 ,,vii4 ,johnson1 ,e4 ,h41 ,the effect of a tariff on production4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #ah3 #ace-acg4 #aijc-aijd4 ,patten1 ,s4 ,n41 ,the economic basis of protection4 #ahij4 99,source ,book1 #cdg-ceg1 #ceh-cfj4 ,wallace1 ,h4 ,b41 ,a balanced tariff4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b3 #efh-ege4 #aiab4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,can it be of advantage to trade freely with one nation if general free trade is bad8 #b4 ,if there were no legal bar to a tariff between the states1 would a tariff probably be imposed8 ,if so1 would it be a wise measure8 #c4 ,discuss the contention that a protective tariff by helping to keep out imports of foreign goods tends to maintain a favorable balance of trade4 #d4 ,the territorial distribution of money is both a determined and a determining factor in international trade4 ,explain the meaning of this statement and show its relation to the favorable balance of trade argument for protection4 #e4 ,an ,englishman gave this argument for protection3 ,if an ,englishman buys a frying pan from a ,german for a shilling 7#bd cents71 then ,england gets the frying pan and ,germany gets the shilling1 whereas if an ,englishman buys the frying pan from an ,english manufacturer for #ac pence 7#bf cents71 ,england gets both the frying pan and the #ac pence4 ,the increase in price benefits ,england because the money remains within the country1 instead of going abroad to increase the wealth of foreign nations4 ,give your opinion of this argument4 #f4 ,discuss this statement3 ,the ,american people send abroad over #ajj1jjj1jjj a year to pay for imported sugar4 ,to meet this bill requires the wheat crop of over #g1ajj1jjj acres4 ,but all the sugar now imported could be grown on #a1gjj1jjj acres in beets or cane4 ,in other words we are throwing away the product of approximately #e1djj1jjj acres of land by not growing our own sugar4 #g4 ,a ,new ,york daily has contended that ,of course1 we should be the gainers if every pound of it 7raw cotton7 were exported in manufactured form4 ,every process through which the raw material passes in its conversion into fabrics would mean employment for ,american wage-earners4 ,discuss the proposition that the aggregate for the labor of ,american wage-earners is less if we export raw cotton than if we should manufacture the raw cotton in this country for export4 #h4 ,assuming that an import duty on tea1 if sufficiently high1 would create a tea growing industry in the ,united ,states capable of supplying the whole domestic demand1 trace the various economic effects of such a duty4 #i4 ,who gained when ,hawaiian sugar 7before annexation7 was admitted free of duty1 while other sugar was taxed8 #aj4 ,if the owners of marble quarries can show that their net income is #cj per cent4 greater by reason of the protective tariff upon foreign marbles1 does this show that the tariff increases the wealth of the protecting country8 #aa4 ,state any proposition which you think that you can maintain about the relation between high or low wages and international competition4 ,maintain your proposition4 #ab4 ,what do you say to the plan of so adjusting duties on imports as to equalize the labor cost of imported and domestic commodities1 through the levy of duties which will just offset the higher wages paid by the ,american employer8 #ac4 ,is a high rate of money wages an obstacle to the successful conduct of industry in competition with countries where money wages are low8 #ad4 ,what was the argument originally used as to the comparative wage levels here and abroad so far as the starting of certain industries in this country was concerned8 ,compare this argument with the current protectionist argument as to the relation between the tariff and the present general wage level in the ,united ,states4 #ae4 ,what help should the law of wages give in explaining the present inequality as among the wage scales in ,germany1 ,france1 ,england and the ,u4 ,s48 #af4 ,if it would pay us to admit goods free1 may we be justified in taxing them to force concessions from the other country8 #ag4 ,what conditions as to consumption and production at home and abroad would be most favorable to the shifting of an import duty on a manufactured article entirely to the consumer8 #ah4 7a7 ,a and ,b are two tropical islands inhabited by friendly peoples and producing the same commodities4 ,the climate1 soil and topography of ,a are such that all kinds of products can be produced there with less effort than they can be produced in ,b4 ,could there be any incentive for the people of ,a to trade with the people of ,b8 7b7 ,debarring all feelings of hostility and of sentimental attachment to home1 is there any reason why the people of ,b should not all emigrate to ,a8 7c7 ,could ,b equalize conditions of production by enacting a protective tariff on the products of the two islands8 7d7 ,suppose ,a were discovered after a strong civilization had grown up on ,b4 ,might conditions be such that ,a could with advantage to itself exact a protective tariff8 ,,chapter #ae ,,american ,,tariff ,,history ,,references4 99,blakey1 ,r4 ,g41 ,the new revenue act4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #f3 #hcg-hej4 #aiaf4 ,curtis1 ,j4 ,f41 ,the administrative provisions of the revenue act of #aiac4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bh3 #ca-de4 #aiac-aiad4 ,hoffmann1 ,i4 ,n41 ,customs administration under the #aiac tariff act4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bb3 #hde-hga4 #aiad4 ,mc,kinley1 ,wm41 ,history of tariff legislation1 #ahab-ahif4 #ahif4 ,sumner1 ,w4 ,g41 ,history of protection in the ,united ,states4 #ahgg4 ,taussig1 ,f4 ,w41 ,how tariffs should not be made4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #a3 #bj-cb4 #aiaa4 ,taussig1 ,f4 ,w41 ,tariff ,history of the ,united ,states4 #fth ed41 #aiad4 ,taussig1 ,f4 ,w41 ,the tariff debate of #aiji and the new tariff act4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bd3 #a-ch4 #aiji-aiaj4 99,willis1 ,h4 ,p41 ,the tariff of #aiac4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bb3 #a-db1 #aje-aca1 #bah-bch4 #aiad4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,in the light of ,american tariff history what would you say were 7#a7 the principal advantages and 7#b7 the principal disadvantages of a highly protective tariff as a primary source of public revenue8 ,illustrate your points by historical references4 #b4 ,if other countries can carry our commerce cheaper than we can do it ourselves and if the citizens of this country can invest their money with greater profit in other industries1 what are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing those countries to carry our commerce8 #c4 ,tabulate and diagram the values of the imports and of the exports of the ,u4 ,s4 to and from ,europe1 ,n4 ,a41 ,s4 ,a41 ,asia1 ,oceanica and ,africa for the latest five years reported4 ,discuss the question of ,american exports and imports in a paragraph not exceeding #bjj words in length4 ,stat4 ,abst4 7under ,progress of ,u4 ,s474 #d4 ,make a list of the ten leading articles exported from and the ten leading articles imported into the ,u4 ,s4 for the latest year available4 ,what do these show as to the position of the ,u4 ,s4 in international commerce8 ,stat4 ,abst4 ,,chapter #af ,,objects ,,and ,,principles ,,of ,,taxation ,,references4 99,bullock1 ,c4 ,j41 ,selected readings in public finance4 #aijf4 ,chs4 ,,viii1 ,,ix4 ,the growth of federal expenditures4 ,p4 ,s4 ,q41 #ah3 #ig-aaa4 #aijc4 99,daniels1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 chs4 ,i-,,iv4 ,edgeworth1 ,f4 ,y41 ,the subjective element in the first principles of taxation4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bd3 #dei-dgj4 #aiji-aiaj4 99,plehn1 ,c4 ,c41 ,public finance4 #c;d ed41 rev and enl4 #aiac4 ,pts4 ,i1 ,,ii4 ,round table discussion of taxation4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,bul41 #dth ser41 #a 7no4 #b73 #ccc-cdf4 #aiaa4 ,seligman1 ,e4 ,r4 ,a41 ,essays in taxation4 #hth ed41 #aiac4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,does taxation ever infringe on the right of private property8 #b4 ,what is it a citizen gets in return for his taxes8 #c4 ,is there any relation between the taxes paid and the benefits secured from government8 #d4 ,in what ways may we understand the proposition that taxation should be proportioned to ability8 #e4 ,it is claimed by some that the use by the government of indirect taxes increases existing inequalities in the personal distribution of wealth4 ,what reasons may be given for or against this opinion8 ,,chapter #ag ,,property ,,and ,,corporation ,,taxes ,,references4 ,brooks1 ,r4 ,c41 ,the ,german imperial tax on the unearned increment4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #be3 #fhb-gji4 #aiaj-aiaa4 ,bullock1 ,chs4 ,,xi1 ,,xv4 ,compton1 ,w4 ,m41 ,recent tendencies in the reform of forest taxation4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bc3 #iga-igi4 #aiae4 99,hamilton1 ,readings1 #efj1 #efa4 ,robinson1 ,m4 ,h41 ,the ,federal corporation tax4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #a3 #fia-gbc4 #aiaa4 99,source ,book1 #acj-acg4 ,tucker1 ,r4 ,s41 ,the ,british taxes on land values in practice4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bi3 #gid-hai4 #aiad-aiae4 ,united ,states ,bureau of ,corporations1 ,report on the taxation of corporations4 ,pts4 ,i-,,iv4 #aiji-aiab4 ,special report on taxation4 #aiac4 ,young1 ,a4 ,n41 ,the single tax movement in the ,united ,states4 #aiaf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,a recent newspaper item says3 ,this is the year real estate is assessed4 ,turn the cow loose in the front yard1 tear down the fence1 make things look generally dilapidated1 for it will be money in your pocket4 ,what does this indicate regarding taxation8 #b4 ,the parts of an estate divided into fifteen equal shares by expert real estate agents were soon after assessed variously from #ijj to #bhej for purposes of taxation4 ,what does this indicate8 7,from ,sumner's ,problems47 #c4 ,explain how and why the general property tax has been breaking down in the ,united ,states with reference to the taxation of public service corporations4 #d4 ,what is meant by the separation of state and local revenues8 ,what advantages do the advocates of separation claim for their plan8 ,what is your judgment with reference to its advisability8 #e4 ,what is meant by the proposition that a single tax on land values is paid for all time by the one who owns the land at the time the tax is first imposed8 #f4 ,how does ,massachusetts tax interstate railroads running through the state8 ,what defects1 if any1 do you see in the ,massachusetts plan8 #g4 ,can taxation be used to secure some of the profits of large corporations8 ,,chapter #ah ,,personal ,,taxes ,,references4 ,adams1 ,t4 ,s41 ,the effect of income and inheritance taxes on the distribution of wealth4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #e 7no4 #a1 supp473 #bcd-bdd4 #aiae4 ,the place of the income tax in the reform of state taxation4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,bul41 #dth ser41 #a 7no4 #b73 #cjb-cba4 #aiaa4 99,blakey1 ,r4 ,g41 ,the new income tax4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d3 #be-df4 #aiad4 ,bowley1 ,a4 ,l41 ,the ,british super-tax and the distribution of income4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bh3 #bee-bfh4 #aiac-aiad4 99,bullock1 chs4 ,,xii1 ,,xvi4 ,the taxation of property and income in ,massachusetts4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #ca3 #a-fa4 #aiaf-aiag4 ,daniels1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ch4 ,,viii4 ,grice1 ,j4 ,w41 ,recent developments in taxation in ,england4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #a3 #dhh-ejd4 #aiaa4 ,hill1 ,j4 ,a41 ,the income tax of #aiac4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bh3 #df-fh4 #aiac-aiad4 ,seligman1 ,e4 ,r4 ,a41 ,the income tax4 ,ed41 #aiad4 ,smith1 ,r4 ,h41 ,distribution of income in ,great ,britain and incidence of the income tax4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #be3 #baf-bch4 #aiaj-aiaa4 ,west1 ,max1 ,the inheritance tax4 #b;d ed41 #aijh4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what is the present status of the inheritance tax in the ,american commonwealths8 #b4 ,discuss the proposition that income is the normal source of taxation4 #c4 ,outline the history of income tax legislation by the federal government4 ,what were the conditions which led to the income tax legislation of #aiac8 #d4 ,what conception of income does the recent income tax embody8 ,illustrate some peculiar distinctions resulting from this use of income4 #e4 ,what is your opinion concerning the justice of progressive taxation8 #f4 ,name the two principal arguments in favor of progressive taxation4 ,which two arguments in favor of progressive taxation do you consider the strongest and why8 ,which two arguments against progressive taxation do you consider the weakest and why8 ,to what kinds of taxes1 if to any1 is the principle of progression inapplicable and why8 ,,chapter #ai ,,methods ,,of ,,industrial ,,remuneration ,,references4 99,adams1 ,t4 ,s41 and ,sumner1 ,h4 ,l41 ,labor problems4 #hth ed41 #aiad4 ,chs4 ,,iv1 ,,ix1 ,x4 ,commons1 ,j4 ,r4 7,ed471 ,trade unionism and labor problems4 #aije4 ,ch4 ,,xi4 99,commons1 ,j4 ,r41 and ,andrews1 ,j4 ,b41 ,principles of labor legislation4 #aiaf4 ,ch4 ,,ii1 secs4 #a-c4 ,cross1 ,ira ,b41 ,coperation in ,california4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #a3 #ece-edd4 #aiaa4 ,fay1 ,c4 ,r41 ,coperation at home and abroad4 #ahih4 ,gilman1 ,n4 ,p41 ,profit-sharing between employer and employee4 #ahhi4 ,hoxie1 ,r4 ,f41 ,why organized labor opposes scientific management4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #ca3 #fb-he4 #aiaf-aiag4 ,round table discussion4 ,industrial efficiency and the interests of labor4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b 7no4 #a1 supp473 #aag-acj4 #aiab4 ,schloss1 ,d4 ,f41 ,methods of industrial remuneration4 #c;d ed41 #ahih4 ,virtue1 ,g4 ,o41 ,coperative coopers of ,minneapolis4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #ai3 #ebg-edd4 #aijd-aije4 ,wolff1 ,h4 ,w41 ,neglected opportunities of coperation4 ,econ4 ,rev41 #af3 #aij-bjf4 #aijf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,with increasing division of labor is there greater or less opportunity for the payment of laborers according to the piece-wage plan8 #b4 ,discuss the following statement3 ,under the piece-work system the foreman looks out for the quality and the operative for the quantity of the work2 under the time-wage system the foreman looks out for the quantity and the laborer for the quality of the work4 #c4 ,what remedy has the foreman for an inefficient laborer working under the time-wage system8 #d4 ,is time- or piece-work best adapted to the following kinds of laborers3 coal-miners1 coopers1 farm-hands1 printers1 engravers1 shoe-factory hands1 railroad brakemen1 telegraph operators8 #e4 ,since under the piece-work system a man is paid only for what he does is there any reason for discharging a workman employed under this plan whose efficiency falls below the average8 #f4 ,describe any case of profit-sharing you may have seen in operation4 #g4 ,in the case of a coperative general store do economic profits emerge8 ,if so1 where do they go8 #h4 ,if you have seen a coperative store in operation tell what was its success4 #i4 ,compare and explain producers' and consumers' coperation1 showing the difficulties and advantages4 ,,chapter #bj ,,organized ,,labor ,,references4 99,adams and ,sumner1 chs4 ,,vi1 ,,vii4 ,barnett1 ,g4 ,e41 ,national and district systems of collective bargaining in the ,united ,states4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bf3 #dbe-ddc4 #aiaa-aiab4 ,barnett1 ,g4 ,e41 ,the dominance of the national union in ,american labor organization4 ,ibid41 #bg3 #dee-dha4 #aiab-aiac4 ,carlton1 ,f4 ,t41 ,the history and problems of organized labor4 #aiaa4 ,commons1 chs4 ,,ii1 ,,vi4 99,commons and ,andrews1 ,ch4 ,,iii1 sec4 #a4 ,groat1 ,g4 ,g41 ,an introduction to the study of organized labor in ,america4 #aiaf4 ,hoxie1 ,r4 ,f41 ,scientific management and labor4 #aiae4 ,hoxie1 ,r4 ,f41 ,the truth about the ,i4 ,w4 ,w4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #ba3 #ghe-gig4 #aiac4 ,hoxie1 ,r4 ,f41 ,trade unionism in the ,united ,states3 general character and types2 the interpretation of union types4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bb3 #bja-bag1 #dfd-dha4 #aiad4 ,lewis1 ,h4 ,t41 ,the economic basis of the fight for the closed shop4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #ibh-ieb4 #aiab4 ,mc,cabe1 ,d4 ,a41 ,the standard rate in ,american trade unions4 #aiab4 ,mitchell1 ,john1 ,organized labor4 #aijb4 99,source ,book1 #bad-bbg 7extract from ,mc,cabe74 ,webb1 ,sidney and ,beatrice1 ,industrial democracy4 #ahig4 ,wolman1 ,l41 ,the boycott in ,american trade unions4 #aiaf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,are the opportunities for workmen to rise to the rank of masters as great as formerly8 #b4 ,what are the chief causes of the origin and rise of trade unions8 ,distinguish between a trade union and a labor union4 #c4 ,what are the conditions favorable to national agreements between trade unions and employers' associations8 ,explain clearly the bearing of each of these conditions4 #d4 ,describe the practices included under the term direct action1 and contrast with the methods of collective bargaining and legislation4 #e4 ,are strikes becoming more or less frequent and important in your state8 ,in answer to this question give figures from #ahha on if obtainable1 showing number of strikes2 establishments affected and to what extent2 loss in wages and to employers4 ,diagram the figures4 ,ref41 ,u4 ,s4 ,bu4 of ,labor1 ,annual report1 #aijf4 #f4 ,do trade unions increase or decrease the number of strikes8 #g4 ,if you were an officer of a trade-union1 would you begin a strike when trade was good or when it was poor8 #h4 ,does it make any difference in the permanence of an increase of wages brought about by a strike1 whether the employer is one of the more successful or one of the less successful in that business8 #i4 ,give examples of the different kinds of boycott4 ,what seems to be the attitude of the federal courts as to the lawfulness of boycotts8 #aj4 ,is there any similarity between the methods of trade unions and the etiquette of the medical and the legal professions8 #aa4 ,some trade unions limit the number of apprentices in their trades4 ,is this a justifiable policy on their part8 #ab4 ,of the methods employed by trade unions to raise the wages of their members1 which are prejudicial and which are not prejudicial to the interests of the rest of the community1 including non-union labor8 ,give reasons4 #ac4 ,can wages be affected by the collective bargaining of trade unions and if so indicate in that connection a justification 7if one exists7 for trade union organization4 #ad4 ,if a trade union sets a minimum rate of wages lower than the competitive market rate would be in the absence of organization1 which rate would the members receive8 ,state the facts from the ,source ,book which lead you to your answer4 #ae4 ,have trade unions raised or lowered the wages of non-union labor8 #af4 ,what is the attitude of ,american trade unions toward efficiency systems as attempts to introduce improved methods of production 7not systems of payment78 ,,chapter #ba ,,public ,,regulation ,,of ,,hours ,,and ,,wages ,,references4 ,abbott1 ,edith1 ,progress of the minimum wage in ,england4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bc3 #bfh-bgg4 #aiae4 ,women in industry4 #aiae4 99,adams and ,sumner1 chs4 ,,ii1 ,,viii1 ,,xii1 secs4 #a-d1 #i1 ,,xiii1 sec4 #b4 ,barnett1 ,g4 ,e41 and ,mc,cabe1 ,d4 ,a41 ,mediation1 investigation and arbitration of industrial disputes4 #aiaf4 ,clark1 ,v4 ,s41 ,the labor movement in ,australasia4 #aijf4 ,commons1 chs4 ,,vii1 ,,viii1 ,,xviii1 ,,xxi4 99,commons and ,andrews1 chs4 ,,iii1 secs4 #b1 #c1 ,,iv1 ,v4 ,compton1 ,w4 ,m41 ,wage theories in industrial arbitration4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #f3 #cbd-cdb4 #aiaf4 ,hammond1 ,m4 ,b41 ,judicial interpretation of the minimum wage in ,australia4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c3 #bei-bhf4 #aiac4 ,hammond1 ,m4 ,b41 ,wages boards in ,australia4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bi3 #ih-adh1 #cbf-cfa1 #efc-fcj4 #aiad-aiae4 ,holcombe1 ,a4 ,n41 ,the legal minimum wage in the ,united ,states4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b3 #ba-cg4 #aiab4 ,kelley1 ,florence1 ,minimum-wage laws4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #iii-ajaj4 #aiab4 ,millis1 ,h4 ,a41 ,some aspects of the minimum wage4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bb3 #acb-aee4 #aiad4 ,mote1 ,c4 ,h41 ,industrial arbitration4 #aiaf4 ,persons1 ,c4 ,e41 ,women's work and wages in the ,united ,states4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bi3 #bja-bcd4 #aiad-aiae4 ,suffern1 ,a4 ,e41 ,conciliation and arbitration in the coal industry of ,america4 #aiae4 ,united ,states ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics1 ,bul4 #age4 #aiae4 ,summary of report on woman and child wage-earners4 ,webb1 ,sidney1 ,the economic theory of a legal minimum wage4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #igc-iih4 #aiab4 ,wise1 ,e4 ,f41 ,wage boards in ,england4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b3 #a-bj4 #aiab4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,if you can do more work in two hours than in one1 can you do more continuously in sixteen consecutive hours than in eight8 #b4 ,what determines the maximum study time for the earnest student8 #c4 ,when does an industrious man stop working on his own farm1 and why8 #d4 ,if production is reduced one-fourth by shorter hours1 is work made to that degree for the unemployed8 #e4 ,defend the minimum wage policy from the workman's point of view1 and state the employers' objections thereto4 #f4 ,suppose it were proposed to establish by law a universal nine-hour day for men4 7a7 ,under what conditions would you consider such a law socially beneficial8 7b7 ,what other agencies might accomplish the ends which such a law is designed to effect8 7c7 ,what are the chief social and economic effects which you would expect from such a law8 ,,chapter #bb ,,other ,,protective ,,labor ,,and ,,social ,,legislation ,,references4 99,adams and ,sumner1 chs4 ,v1 sec4 #c1 ,,xii1 sec4 #e1 ,,xiii1 sec4 #c4 ,addams1 ,jane1 ,child labor legislation1 a requisite for industrial efficiency4 ,a4 ,a4 ,a41 #be3 #edb-eej4 #aije4 ,commons1 chs4 ,,xiv1 ,,xix1 ,,xx1 ,,xxii1 ,,xxiii1 ,,xxvi1 ,,xxxviii4 99,commons and ,andrews1 ,chs4 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 ,,ix4 ,fisher1 ,w4 ,c41 ,the field of workmen's compensation in the ,united ,states4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #e3 #bba-bgh4 #aiae4 ,leiserson1 ,w4 ,m41 ,the movement for public labor exchanges4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bc3 #gjg-gaf4 #aiae4 ,pigou1 ,a4 ,c41 ,unemployment4 #aiad4 ,rubinow1 ,i4 ,m41 ,the problem of unemployment4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #ba3 #cac-cca4 #aiac4 ,rubinow1 ,i4 ,m41 ,subsidized unemployment insurance4 ,ibid41 #dab-dca4 #aiac4 ,sumner1 ,h4 ,l41 and ,merritt1 ,e4 ,a41 ,child labor legislation in the ,united ,states4 #aiae4 ,united ,states ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics1 ,bul4 #aei4 #aiae4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what classes of economic goods or services are regulated by law and why8 #b4 ,is there any likeness between trade-unions and tariffs8 ,between tariffs and factory legislation8 #c4 ,what reasons are given in justification of laws closing barber shops on ,sundays8 #d4 ,may a person owning a lot on a residence street of a city erect a glue factory on it8 #e4 ,what have you noted as to the benefits or hardships of restricting child labor in factories8 #f4 ,in what kinds of social legislation is the federal character of our government a serious bar to experimentation8 ,show clearly the reasons why4 #g4 ,if population became stationary1 neither increasing nor decreasing in numbers1 and if methods were discovered which would render possible the production of the same amount of wealth per year as at present with only half the force of laborers employed1 and if the average labor day were not shortened1 would there not be a great and apparently permanent lack of employment8 ,discuss thoroughly and give reasons for your answer4 #h4 ,in what sense is the unemployment1 so manifest in a period of industrial depression1 evidence that the number of workers is in excess of the work to be done8 ,,chapter #bc ,,social ,,insurance ,,references4 ,adams and ,sumner1 ch4 ,,xii1 secs4 #f-h4 ,baldwin1 ,f4 ,s41 ,old age pension schemes3 a criticism and a program4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bd3 #gac-gdb4 #aiji-aiaj4 ,commons1 ch4 ,,xxv4 99,commons and ,andrews1 ch4 ,,viii4 ,foerster1 ,r4 ,f41 ,the ,british national insurance act4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bf3 #bge-cab4 #aiaa-aiab4 ,frankel1 ,l4 ,k41 and ,dawson1 ,m4 ,m41 ,workingmen's insurance in ,europe4 #aiaj4 ,henderson1 ,c4 ,r41 ,industrial insurance in the ,united ,states4 #aiji4 ,lewis1 ,f4 ,w41 ,state insurance4 #aiji4 ,national ,civic ,federation1 ,social ,insurance ,department1 ,report of the committee on preliminary foreign inquiry4 #aiae4 ,rubinow1 ,i4 ,m41 ,standards of sickness insurance4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bc3 #bba-bea1 #cbg-cfd1 #dcg-dfd4 #aiae4 ,united ,states ,bureau of ,labor1 ,annual reports1 #aijh1 #aiji4 ,warren1 ,b4 ,s41 and ,sydenstricker1 ,edgar1 ,health insurance4 #aiaf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,are industrial accidents more frequent in low paid or in high paid occupations8 #b4 ,suggest advantages and disadvantages of a general system of compulsory industrial insurance for old age1 sickness and accidents4 ,what are the essential differences between these three forms of insurance8 #c4 ,show to what extent a system of workingmen's insurance has been developed in one of the following countries3 ,germany1 ,france1 ,italy1 ,england4 ,in the development of a general system of workingmen's insurance in the ,u4 ,s41 which one of the above forms will probably first come in8 ,for what reasons has a system of this kind not been developed in the ,u4 ,s48 ,henderson1 ,c4 ,r41 ,industrial insurance4 ,,chapter #bd ,,population ,,and ,,immigration ,,references4 99,adams and ,sumner1 ch4 ,,iii4 99,commons and ,andrews1 ch4 ,,ii1 sec4 #d4 ,fairchild1 ,h4 ,p41 ,immigration4 #aiac4 ,the standard of living--up or down8 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #f3 #i-be4 #aiaf4 ,fetter1 ,f4 ,a41 ,population or prosperity4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c 7no4 #a1 supp473 #e-ai4 #aiac4 7,presidential address before the ,american ,economic ,association1 #aiab1 much of which is incorporated with chap4 #bd in the text47 ,goldenweiser1 ,e4 ,a41 ,walker's theory of immigration4 ,am4 ,j4 ,soc1 #ah3 #cdb-cea4 #aiab-aiac4 ,hall1 ,p4 ,f41 ,the recent history of immigration and immigration restriction4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #ba3 #gce-gea4 #aiac4 99,hamilton1 ,readings1 #chd-chf1 #cib-cie4 ,husband1 ,w4 ,w41 ,the significance of emigration4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b 7no4 #a1 supp473 #gi-he4 #aiab4 ,round table discussion of above1 #hf-hh4 ,jenks1 ,j4 ,w41 and ,lauck1 ,w4 ,j41 ,the immigration problem4 #aiab4 ,lauck1 ,w4 ,j41 ,the vanishing ,american wage-earner4 ,atlan4 ,mo41 #aaj3 #fia-fif4 #aiab4 99,materials1 #adf-aef4 ,mayo-,smith1 ,richmond1 ,statistics and economics4 #ahii4 ,bk4 ,i1 ch4 ,v4 ,mayo-,smith1 ,richmond1 ,statistics and sociology4 #ahie4 ,bk4 ,i1 chs4 ,v-,,vii4 ,millis1 ,h4 ,a41 ,some economic aspects of ,japanese immigration4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #e3 #ghg-hjd4 #aiae4 ,page1 ,t4 ,w41 ,the distribution of immigrants in the ,united ,states before #ahgj4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #fgf-fid4 #aiab4 ,page1 ,t4 ,w41 ,some economic aspects of immigration before #ahgj4 ,ibid41 #bj3 #ajaa-ajbh2 #ba3 #cd-ee4 #aiab1 #aiac4 ,roberts1 ,peter1 ,the new immigration4 #aiab4 ,ross1 ,e4 ,a41 ,the old world in the new4 #aiad4 99,source ,book1 #ahg-aih4 7,extract from ,jenks and ,lauck47 ,warne1 ,f4 ,j41 ,the tide of immigration4 #aiaf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,tabulate and chart the changes that have taken place in our immigration in regard to 7#a7 amount1 7#b7 character4 ,what problems are presented by these facts8 ,stat4 ,abst4 #b4 ,explain the terms the new immigration and the old immigration1 and give the important statistical facts regarding them4 #c4 ,show the application of the doctrine of population to the present problem of immigration and wages in ,america4 #d4 ,do the figures on immigration show anything as to the need of legislation restricting immigration8 #e4 ,what has been the effect of the recent immigration into the ,united ,states upon the use of machinery8 #f4 ,apply the theory of wages to explain the effect of present immigration on the wages of unskilled or slightly skilled workers4 #g4 ,if the supply of labor of any class were to be decreased ten per cent41 would wages rise in like proportion8 #h4 ,is immigration now adding to the general welfare in the ,united ,states8 ,state the facts and general economic principles on which you base your answer4 #i4 ,if there is an immigration of half a million workers annually into a country for a period of ten years--during which no new natural resources are made available1 would wages in that country be affected8 ,if so1 of what classes of workers8 ,what would be the effect on the amount of income received by land owners8 #aj4 ,explain how the general principles of price-determination hold in the determination of wages4 ,show how these principles apply when there is extensive employment of southern and eastern ,europeans4 7,see ,source ,book47 #aa4 ,if in a given labor market the number of laborers increases while the number and technical efficiency of indirect agents remains unchanged1 what change1 if any1 will result in the average rate of wages8 ,what change1 if any1 will there be in the return to the indirect agents8 #ab4 ,is common1 unskilled labor scarce 7in any reasonable sense of the word7 in ,china8 in the ,united ,states8 ,,chapter #be ,,agricultural ,,and ,,rural ,,population ,,references4 ,carver1 ,t4 ,n41 ,selected readings in rural economics4 #aiaf4 ,carver1 ,t4 ,n41 ,the work of rural organization4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bb3 #hba-hdd4 #aiad4 ,coulter1 ,j4 ,l41 ,agricultural development in the ,united ,states1 #aijj-aiaj4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bg3 #a-bf4 #aiab-aiac4 ,hibbard1 ,b4 ,h41 ,tenancy in the north central states4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #be3 #gaj-gbi4 #aiaj-aiaa4 ,hibbard1 ,b4 ,h41 ,tenancy in the north ,atlantic states4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bf3 #aje-aag4 #aiaa-aiab4 ,hibbard1 ,b4 ,h41 ,tenancy in the western states4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bf3 #cfc-cgf4 #aiaa-aiab4 ,hibbard1 ,b4 ,h41 ,tenancy in the southern states4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bg3 #dhb-dif4 #aiab-aiac4 ,hoagland1 ,h4 ,e41 ,the movement of rural population in ,illinois4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #iac-ibg4 #aiab4 ,nourse1 ,e4 ,g41 ,agricultural economics4 #aiaf4 7,a large volume of readings1 well selected and edited47 ,round table discussion4 ,the decline of the rural population4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b 7no4 #a1 supp73 #ea1 #eb4 #aiab4 ,round table discussion4 ,rural conditions in the south4 ,ibid41 #dh-ej4 #aiab4 ,taylor1 ,h4 ,c41 ,agricultural economics4 #aije4 ,vogt1 ,p4 ,l41 ,the farmer's labor income4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #f3 #hjh-hbb4 #aiaf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,cite any instances you have noted of local changes of population distribution as between country and city4 ,what are the chief facts of interest in these cases8 ,what forces can you assign as causes of the changes8 ,has agricultural activity been accelerated or retarded8 ,has it received a set-back8 #b4 ,a wealthy metropolitan banker purchases a large country estate in a section in which farming is practically on a subsistence basis and in which in recent years many farms have been abandoned4 ,he applies labor and materials lavishly to the soil1 sparing no expenditures for purposes which will assist in the production of crops of the best quality4 ,under what conditions can this be profitably done8 ,what will be the probable effect on local agriculture1 7a7 if the entire product of the estate is consumed upon it8 7b7 if a substantial part of the product is marketed in competition with that of the local farmers8 ,what changes are likely to occur with reference to the occupation of the local population8 ,with reference to its migration8 #c4 ,why is it that immigrants are now taking up the farms of ,new ,england which have1 in some cases for years1 been abandoned by native farmers8 ,is the fact that they are doing so an argument for or against the restriction of immigration8 #d4 ,what is the general tendency of immigrants in the matter of settlement in urban and rural communities8 #e4 ,if it is true that the relative decline of the agricultural population of the ,united ,states can be explained by the operation of purely economic forces1 on what grounds is there justification for complaint as to the evils of concentration of population in cities8 ,,chapter #bf ,,problems ,,of ,,agricultural ,,economics ,,references4 ,carver1 ,t4 ,n41 ,selected readings in rural economics4 #aiaf4 ,coulter1 ,j4 ,l41 ,marketing of agricultural lands in ,minnesota and ,north ,dakota4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b3 #bhb-cja4 #aiab4 ,goldenweiser1 ,e4 ,a41 ,the farmer's income4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #f3 #db-dh4 #aiaf4 ,huebner1 ,g4 ,g41 ,agricultural commerce3 the organization of ,american commerce in agricultural commodities4 #aiae4 ,international ,institute of ,agricultural ,statistics ,year ,book4 ,monographs on agricultural coperation in various countries4 #aiaf4 ,kemmerer1 ,e4 ,w41 ,agricultural credit in the ,united ,states4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #b3 #heb-hgb4 99,materials1 #djg1 #djh1 #dji4 ,metcalf1 ,r41 and ,black1 ,c4 ,g41 ,rural credit coperation1 and agricultural organization in ,europe4 #aiae4 ,olmsted1 ,v4 ,h41 ,the purchasing power of farm products4 ,united ,states ,dept4 of ,agric41 ,report1 #aiab4 99,phillips1 ch4 ,,xxvii4 ,on agricultural credit4 ,powell1 ,f4 ,w41 ,coperative marketing of ,california fresh fruit4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bd3 #cib-dah4 #aiji-aiaj4 ,putnam1 ,g4 ,e41 ,agricultural credit legislation and the tenancy problem4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #e3 #hje-hae4 #aiae4 ,putnam1 ,g4 ,e41 ,farm credit in ,kansas4 ,ibid41 #bg-cg4 #aiae4 ,putnam1 ,g4 ,e41 ,the federal rural credit bill4 ,ibid41 #f3 #ggj-ghi4 #aiaf4 ,shaw1 ,a4 ,w41 ,some problems in market distribution4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bf3 #gjc-gfe4 #aiaa-aiab4 99,source ,book1 #cd-dg1 #dh-eg1 #ge-hj1 #ha-ij4 ,warren1 ,g4 ,f41 ,farm management4 #aiac4 7,treats primarily the problem of the individual farm1 but also many of the broader economic questions47 ,weld1 ,l4 ,d4 ,h41 ,the marketing of farm products4 #aiaf4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,why has the corporate form of business organizations not been as extensively introduced into the farming industry as into other industries8 #b4 ,discuss the following statements quoted from an article on the ,federal ,farm ,loan ,act of #aiaf4 ,there was no necessity for any kind of federal legislation affecting the land credit problem of land-owners4444 ,there is1 however1 the more pressing problem 444 of making the conditions of country life more attractive to the younger generation of farmers4 ,in accomplishing this end some form of land purchase legislation is needed4 ,amer4 ,econ4 ,rev41 #f3 #ghi4 #aiaf4 #c4 ,how do urban and rural districts differ in their preference for and use of different kinds of bank credit8 ,,chapter #bg ,,the ,,railroad ,,problem ,,references4 ,brown1 ,h4 ,g41 ,the competition of transportation companies4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d3 #gga-gib4 #aiad4 ,brown1 ,h4 ,g41 ,transportation rates and their regulation4 #aiaf4 ,clark1 ,j4 ,m41 ,some neglected phases of rate regulation4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d3 #efe-egd4 #aiad4 ,dixon1 ,f4 ,h41 ,the ,mann-,elkins ,act1 amending the act to regulate commerce4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bd3 #eic-fcc4 #aiji-aiaj4 ,dunn1 ,s4 ,o41 ,railway discrimination4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #dcg-dfa4 #aiab4 ,gephart1 ,w4 ,f41 ,the place of the canal in a national system of transportation4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,bul41 #dth ser41 #a 7no #b73 #ahh-aif4 #aiaa4 ,round table discussion1 #aig-bjc4 ,hadley1 ,a4 ,t41 ,railroad transportation4 #ahhd4 ,hammond1 ,m4 ,b41 ,railway rate theories of the interstate commerce commission4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #be3 #a-ff1 #bgi-ccf1 #dga-ech4 #aiji-aiaj4 ,johnson1 ,e4 ,r41 ,american railway transportation4 #c;d ed41 #aijh4 ,johnson1 ,e4 ,r41 ,inland waterway policy4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,bul41 #dth ser41 #a3 #aff-agd4 #aiaa4 ,johnson1 ,e4 ,r41 ,the principles of governmental regulation of railways4 ,p4 ,s4 ,q41 #ae3 #cg-di4 #aijj4 ,mc,fall1 ,r4 ,j41 ,railway monopoly and rate regulation4 #aiaf4 ,materials1 #fbg1 #fbh4 ,meyer1 ,b4 ,h41 ,certain considerations in railway rate making4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d 7no4 #a1 supp473 #fi-hj4 #aiad4 ,round table discussion of above1 #ha-ajj4 ,prouty1 ,c4 ,a41 ,railway discriminations and industrial combinations4 ,a4 ,a4 ,a41 #ae3 #da-ej4 #aijj4 ,ripley1 ,w4 ,z41 7,ed471 ,railway problems4 #aijg4 ,ripley1 ,w4 ,z41 ,railroads3 rates and regulation4 #aiab4 ,ripley1 ,w4 ,z41 ,railroad overcapitalization4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bh3 #fja-fbi4 #aiac-aiad4 ,ripley1 ,w4 ,z41 ,railroads3 finance and organization4 #aiae4 99,source ,book1 #cfa-cfg1 #cfh-cgh1 #cgi-chb4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,why is transportation a greater problem in the ,united ,states than in ,europe8 #b4 ,show in what way natural waterways have determined the location of leading cities in ,america4 #c4 ,give examples of cities whose growth has been caused by railroads4 #d4 ,upon what considerations are commodities classified for shipment by railroads8 ,is classification unfair discrimination8 ,illustrate by an example4 #e4 ,what classes of interests are affected by increasing the minimum weight for carloads8 ,explain in each case whether the effect is favorable or unfavorable and the reasons therefor4 #f4 ,does cost of service have anything to do with the rates charged by railroads8 #g4 ,give an example of a blanket rate territory and the reasons therefor4 #h4 ,what is the long and short haul clause of the ,interstate ,commerce ,act8 ,explain why railroads make rates which contravene the terms of this clause1 and why the government should forbid the railroads to make such rates4 #i4 ,a railroad connecting two competitive points charges one-fourth of a cent per ton mile on grain shipments from its inland terminus1 while it charges one cent per ton mile on grain shipments from non-competitive territory4 ,what considerations have probably led to the establishment of the above rates8 ,might not the railroad increase its net revenue by raising the rate on through traffic to one-half cent per ton mile and lowering the local rate to three-fourths of a cent per ton mile8 #aj4 ,the rate on corn in carload lots from ,omaha1 ,neb4 to ,newport ,news1 ,va4 is #aj cents per hundred pounds4 ,from the ,omaha region there are competing carriers to the ,gulf and other ,atlantic ports4 ,the rate on corn in carload lots from points in ,virginia to ,newport ,news over the same route is #ab cents per hundred pounds4 ,could not the local rates be lowered if the carriers advanced the rates on the long-distance haul8 #aa4 ,what cases have you seen where the railroads impose unjustly on the public8 #ab4 ,give instances you have seen or heard of where two shippers paid different rates for the same service4 #ac4 ,do you know any large cities that are more favorable shipping points than neighboring towns8 #ad4 ,what legal rights do the builders of a railroad have that are not enjoyed by all citizens8 #ae4 ,can you see any clear distinction between the public nature of a railroad and that of a horse and carriage8 #af4 ,what harm can there be in the acceptance of passes by judges1 legislators1 and other public officials8 #ag4 ,ought the law prohibit the sale of tickets by scalpers8 #ah4 ,if your neighbor rides on a pass and you pay your fare1 are you helping to pay for his ride8 #ai4 ,why should preachers get half-fare rates8 #bj4 ,what are the chief reasons for the governmental regulation of railways8 #ba4 ,why does the question of the control of the railways in the interest of the public present especial difficulties in ,america8 ,,chapter #bh ,,the ,,problem ,,of ,,industrial ,,monopoly ,,references4 ,bolen1 ,g4 ,l41 ,plain facts as to the trusts and the tariff4 #aijb4 ,collier1 ,w4 ,m41 ,the trusts4 #aijj4 ,cotter1 ,a41 ,the authentic history of the ,united ,states ,steel ,corporation4 #aiaf4 ,hobson1 ,j4 ,a41 ,the evolution of modern capitalism4 ,ed41 #aiab4 ,ch4 ,v4 ,jones1 ,eliot1 ,the anthracite coal combination in the ,united ,states4 #aiad4 ,king1 ,w4 ,i41 ,the wealth and income of the people of the ,united ,states4 #aiae4 ,meade1 ,e4 ,s41 ,the economics of combination4 ,j4 ,p4 ,e41 #bj3 #ceh-cgb4 #aiab4 ,trust finance4 #aijc4 ,montague1 ,g4 ,h41 ,trusts of to-day4 #aijd4 ,ripley1 ,w4 ,z41 ,industrial concentration as shown by the census4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #ba3 #fea-feh4 #aijf-aijg4 7,ed471 ,trusts1 pools and corporations4 ,ed41 #aiaf4 99,source ,book1 #bee-bfd4 7,extract from ,united ,states ,commissioner of ,corporations1 ,report on the transportation of petroleum47 ,stevens1 ,w4 ,s41 ,classification of pools and associations4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c3 #ede-ege4 #aiac4 ,stevens1 ,w4 ,s41 7,ed471 ,industrial combinations and trusts4 #aiac4 ,stevens1 ,w4 ,s41 ,a group of trusts and combinations4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bf3 #eic-fdc4 #aiaa-aiab4 ,stevens1 ,w4 ,s41 ,the powder trust1 #ahgb-aiab4 ,ibid41 #ddd-dha4 #aiaa-aiab4 ,united ,states ,commissioner of ,corporations1 ,report on the transportation of petroleum4 #aijf4 ,willoughby1 ,w4 ,f41 ,the integration of industry in the ,united ,states4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #af3 #id-aae4 #aija-aijb4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what large trusts have recently been formed8 #b4 ,state the motives for forming trusts1 separating those which are socially beneficial and those which are anti-social4 #c4 ,enumerate the advantages possessed by a trust over a small competitor1 and indicate which of these are the results of large scale production and which are due to the possession of monopoly power4 #d4 ,are there any conditions under which a combination would be a more economical unit of production and distribution than a single plant large enough to secure all advantages to be obtained from mere quantity of output8 ,if so1 state them clearly4 #e4 ,explain carefully the causes and limits of the advantages of large production4 ,give three examples of industries in which the advantages are seen4 #f4 ,have you observed the growth of any local industry from a small beginning to large proportions8 ,if so1 how do you account for it8 #g4 ,what is the largest manufacturing establishment in your home town8 ,would a number of smaller establishments of the same sort and with the same aggregate capacity succeed as well8 ,why8 #h4 ,what relation has improved transportation and other means of communication to trusts8 #i4 ,what are the chief methods by which trusts or combinations have sought to make economies in management8 #aj4 ,describe the characteristic features of the pool1 the trust and the holding company4 #aa4 ,describe any agreement of which you know1 made between merchants or manufacturers for the purpose of regulating prices4 ,did prices go up or down as a result8 #ab4 ,what is a simple price agreement8 ,how does it differ from a pool8 ,is there any difference in the matter of legality8 ,reasons4 #ac4 ,what are the limits to the price-fixing and profit-earning powers of monopolies8 ,are there any other conditions which will tend to check the indefinite growth of combinations8 #ad4 ,explain and illustrate by a concrete example the circumstances relating to cost of production which tend to make a monopoly price lower than the previous competitive price for the same article4 ,no reference is here intended to local or temporary cuts in price by monopolies which are intent by such means on capturing a local market4 #ae4 ,if all trade is exchange1 do not the members of a trust reduce their income when they raise the price of their products by artificial agreement8 #af4 ,five plants engaged in the production of a given article in different parts of the ,united ,states are combined under the ownership of a single corporation formed for this purpose4 ,before the combination these five plants produced #ge per cent4 of the total output of the article in question1 each producing approximately #ae per cent42 the remaining #ge per cent4 was produced by seven plants1 no one of these turning out more than #e per cent4 of the total output4 ,each of the first five plants was large enough to secure all known economies in the costs of transforming the raw material into the physically finished product1 and each was running to its full capacity4 ,the aggregate net earnings of the five plants were #a1jjj1jjj a year4 ,the cost of reproducing these five is #ad1jjj1jjj4 ,the new corporation issues and pays to the owners of the properties taken over #aj1jjj1jjj in #e per cent4 first mortgage bonds1 #f1jjj1jjj in cumulative preferred stock1 and #h1jjj1jjj in common stock4 ,what will determine whether this combination possesses monopoly power8 ,is the corporation overcapitalized8 ,if so1 to what extent8 ,state clearly what you mean by overcapitalization8 ,is it probable that the earnings of the new corporation will be greater than the aggregate earnings of the five plants1 if the price of the product is not increased8 ,if so1 how will this increase be gained8 ,if there is an increase in earnings1 how will the price of each of the three kinds of securities of the corporation be affected8 #ag4 ,suppose that the effective demand for a certain kind of goods in the country as a whole will vary in the following manner with the price changes indicated3 #a4jj #a1jjj1jjj units #a4aj #ijj1jjj units #a4bj #hjj1jjj units #a4cj #gjj1jjj units #a4dj #fjj1jjj units #a4ej #ejj1jjj units #a4fj #djj1jjj units #a4gj #cjj1jjj units #a4hj #bjj1jjj units ,there are ten companies each producing #ajj1jjj units at a cost of #ij cents 7including all costs but an allowance for dividends on investment7 this giving just enough of a margin to each company to cause it to continue in the industry4 ,what immediate effect on prices could a combination consisting of six firms have1 assuming that the cost per unit of product and that the output of the independents remain unchanged8 ,show for each of the prices indicated what the amount of the margin made by the four independent competitors 7altogether7 and by the combination would be4 ,what less immediate effects would be likely to follow1 and why8 #ah4 ,is granting patents an interference with trade similar to tariffs8 #ai4 ,is it right that the lucky inventor of a popular toy should make #ajj a day from it8 #bj4 ,is it right that an inventor should by patent laws be able to keep the profits of his business high8 ,,chapter #bi ,,public ,,policy ,,in ,,respect ,,to ,,monopoly ,,references4 ,anderson1 ,b4 ,m41 ,jr41 ,competition versus monopoly the issue of the campaign4 ,independent1 #gc3 #iig-ajjb4 #aiab4 ,bolen1 ,g4 ,l41 ,plain facts as to the trusts and the tariff4 #aijb4 ,brown1 ,w4 ,j41 ,the prevention and control of monopolies4 #aiae4 ,clark1 ,j4 ,b41 ,the problem of monopoly4 #aijd4 ,clark1 ,j4 ,b41 and ,j4 ,m41 ,the control of trusts4 ,ed41 #aiad4 ,clark1 ,j4 ,m41 ,rates for public utilities4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #a3 #dgc-dhg4 #aiaa4 ,collier1 ,w4 ,m41 ,the trusts4 #aijj4 ,davies1 ,j4 ,e41 ,trust laws and unfair competition4 #aiaf4 ,durand1 ,e4 ,d41 ,the trust problem4 #aiae4 ,see also ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bh3 #cha-daf1 #ffd-gjj4 #aiac-aiad4 ,durand1 ,e4 ,d41 ,the trust legislation of #aiad4 ,q4 ,j4 ,e41 #bi3 #gb-ig4 #aiad-aiae4 ,ely1 ,r4 ,t41 ,monopolies and trusts4 #aijj4 ,gray1 ,j4 ,h41 ,the control of public service corporations4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d 7no4 #a1 supp473 #ah-dd4 #aiad4 ,round table discussion of above1 #de-fh4 ,hotchkiss1 ,w4 ,e41 ,recent trust decisions and business4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d 7no4 #a1 supp473 #aeh-agb4 #aiad4 ,round table discussion of above1 #agc-aie4 ,jenks1 ,j4 ,w41 ,the trust problem4 #aijj4 ,knauth1 ,o4 ,w41 ,capital and monopoly4 ,p4 ,s4 ,q41 #ca3 #bdd-bei4 #aiaf4 ,knauth1 ,o4 ,w41 ,competition and capital4 ,ibid41 #cj3 #egh-eij4 #aiae4 ,knauth1 ,o4 ,w41 ,the policy of the ,united ,states toward industrial monopoly4 #aiad4 ,le,rossignol1 ,j4 ,e41 ,monopolies past and present4 #aijj4 ,orth1 ,s4 ,p4 7,ed471 ,readings on the relation of government to property and industry4 #aiae4 ,ripley1 ,w4 ,z41 7,ed471 ,trusts1 pools and corporations4 ,ed41 #aiaf4 99,source ,book1 #chc-che4 ,the ,sherman anti-trust act4 ,stevens1 ,w4 ,s41 ,the ,clayton act4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #e3 #ch-ed4 #aiae4 ,the trade commission act4 ,ibid41 #d3 #hdj-hee4 #aiad4 ,united ,states ,industrial ,commission1 ,report4 #ahih-aija4 #ai vols4 ,wright ,c4 ,w41 ,the economics of governmental price regulation4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #c 7no4 #a1 supp473 #abf-aca4 #aiac4 ,round table discussion of this paper and that of ,j4 ,m4 ,clark1 #acb-adb4 ,wyman1 ,bruce1 ,control of the market4 #aiaa4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,what is the trust problem8 #b4 ,does the public consider the growth of trusts to be good or bad8 ,what do students of the question think of it8 #c4 ,which one of the following views do you think to be nearest the truth and why8 7a7 ,the trust is a natural and inevitable outcome of modern conditions and is a distinct economic gain4 7b7 ,the trust is a result of special privileges and corporate abuses4 7c7 ,the trust is the greatest invention of this or any other age4 #d4 ,would it be a good thing for society if a trust made great economies in production1 crowded out its smaller competitors1 and maintained prices just where they were before1 dividing among its shareholders the amounts saved8 #e4 ,how would the effects on society be different if prices were reduced by better organization and the prevention of waste8 #f4 ,if it could be shown that trusts have lowered prices1 should that fact exempt them from all interference from legislation8 #g4 ,describe briefly the unfair practices of monopolistic corporations4 ,what specific features of the recent railroad and trust legislation are aimed at the prevention of these practices8 #h4 ,is it good public policy to allow a trust to undersell its smaller competitor in one district while it keeps up its prices elsewhere8 #i4 ,are most positive laws intended to hinder competition or make it freer8 #aj4 ,copy from the statutes of two states far apart1 those sections that pertain to anti-trust or anti-monopoly legislation4 ,note the general nature of this legislation1 special features1 penalties for violations1 etc41 and discuss4 #aa4 ,what are the main provisions in one of the following3 7a7 ,sherman ,anti-,trust ,law1 7b7 ,massachusetts ,business ,corporation ,law1 7c7 ,the ,new ,companies' ,acts1 ,england1 7d7 ,german ,company ,law4 #ab4 ,abstract and discuss the ,northern ,securities decision4 ,do you see any arguments to be advanced for pooling8 ,do you think the decision effective in stopping pooling8 ,ripley 7,ed471 ,trusts1 pools and combinations4 ,,chapter #cj ,,public ,,ownership ,,references4 ,bemis1 ,e4 ,w41 7,ed471 ,municipal monopolies4 #ahii4 ,brooks1 ,r4 ,c41 ,municipal ,affairs1 #e3 #a-cdf4 #aija4 7,an exhaustive and well-arranged bibliography on all aspects of municipal problems47 ,dewsnup1 ,e4 ,r41 ,the attitude of the state toward railways1 a discussion of the question of nationalization4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,bul41 #dth ,fairlie1 ,j4 ,a41 ,recent extensions of municipal functions in the ser41 #a1 no4 #b3 #age-ahg4 #aiaa4 7,vol4 of ,papers and discussions47 ,united ,states4 ,a4 ,a4 ,a41 #be3 #bii-caj4 #aije4 ,guyot1 ,yves1 ,where and why public ownership has failed4 ,trans4 by ,h4 ,f4 ,baker4 #aiad4 ,knapp1 ,m4 ,a41 ,government ownership of railroads4 ,a4 ,a4 ,a41 #ai3 #fa-gc4 #aijb4 ,national ,civic ,federation1 ,report on municipal and private operation of public utilities4 #aijg4 #c vols4 7,a monumental study by an ,american delegation1 which visited many cities of ,europe and ,america2 favorable1 in the main1 to extension of municipal ownership47 ,winchell1 ,b4 ,l41 ,drift toward government ownership of railways4 ,atlan4 ,mo41 #aaj3 #gdg-geh4 #aiab4 ,,questions4 #a4 ,does every government enterprise necessarily narrow the field for private enterprise and diminish the amount of competition8 #b4 ,what forms of state activity favor survival of unfit men and bad traits of character8 ,what forms help the fittest to survive8 #c4 ,what are municipal franchises8 ,where are they8 #d4 ,why does the public consent to grant patents or public franchises8 #e4 ,what kinds of municipal industries have you seen in operation8 ,how successful were they8 #f4 ,what are the main arguments for and against the city ownership and control of gas and waterworks8 ,what troubles arise from city politics8 #g4 ,name the industries that are owned and controlled by towns and cities of which you have a personal knowledge4 ,which of them are most satisfactory in your judgment8 ,which the least so8 #h4 ,what is the public sentiment in your home community as to the ownership of industries by the town or city8 ,,chapter #ca ,,some ,,aspects ,,of ,,socialism ,,references4 ,brooks1 ,j4 ,g41 ,the problem of syndicalism4 ,a4 ,e4 ,rev41 #d 7no4 #a1 supp473 #aae-acj4 #aiad4 ,round table discussion of above1 #aca-aeg4 ,clark1 ,j4 ,b41 ,social justice without socialism4 #aiad4 ,ensor1 ,r4 ,c4 ,k41 7,ed471 ,modern socialism4 #b;d ed41 #aijg4 7,selections from socialistic sources47 ,gladden1 ,washington1 ,tools and the man4 #ahic4 7,one example of a large number of ,american books appealing for the application of ,christian ethics to social questions47 ,hillquit1 ,m41 ,history of socialism in the ,united ,states4 #aijc4 ,hillquit1 ,m41 ,socialism in theory and practice4 #aiji4 ,hinds1 ,w4 ,a41 ,american communities4 #b;d ed41 #aijh4 7,describes many experiments1 all failures2 by a sympathizer with socialism47 ,kirkup1 ,t41 ,inquiry into socialism4 #c;d ed41 #aijg4 7,a sympathetic1 but not a partizan statement47 ,lockwood1 ,g4 ,b41 ,the ,new ,harmony movement4 #b;d ed41 #aijg4 ,martin1 ,john1 ,an attempt to define socialism4 ,a4 ,e4 ,assn4 ,bul41 #dth ser41 #a 7no4 #b73 #cdg-ced4 #aiaa4 ,round table discussion of above1 #cee-cfg4 ,menger1 ,a41 ,the right to the whole produce of labor4 ,trans4 #ahii4 7,masterly criticism47 ,rae1 ,john1 ,contemporary socialism4 #c;d ed41 #aija4 7,standard work by a non-socialist47 ,schaeffle1 ,a41 ,the quintessence of socialism4 ,ed41 #ahih4 7,exposition by a non-socialist1 so favorable that it is used by the socialists as a tract47 ,spahr1 ,c4 ,b41 ,present distribution of wealth in the ,united ,states4 #ahif4 ,spargo1 ,john1 ,socialism4 #aijf4 7,pro47 ,walling1 ,w4 ,e41 ,socialism as it is4 #aiab4 7,pro47 ,walling1 ,w4 ,e41 and others1 ,the socialism of to-day4 #aiaf4 7,a source book47 ,watkins1 ,g4 ,p41 ,growth of large fortunes4 #aijg4 ,wells1 ,h4 ,g41 ,new worlds for old4 #aijh4 7,an appeal for juster distribution2 ,fabian school47 ,,questions4 #a4 ,in the last analysis is there anyone--retired capitalist or unskilled day-worker--whose title to the real income he receives is derived solely from the property he owns1 or solely from the labor he performs8 #b4 ,what is it to earn a living8 ,how many people do it8 #c4 ,if capital is needed in production why is the question of justice raised when its use is paid for8 #d4 ,what is the doctrine of economic harmonies8 ,give three examples 7distinct in kind7 in modern legislation which run counter to this doctrine1 with the justification for each of these4 #e4 ,define charity4 ,apply the general principles of charity to free schools1 free libraries1 and free clothing to school children4 #f4 ,what is economic freedom8 ,how different from political freedom8 #g4 ,is custom a better regulator of economic action than competition8 #h4 ,what are vested rights8 ,do they ever stand in the way of progress8 ,examples4 #i4 ,distinguish between the socialistic and the competitive principles of distribution4 #aj4 ,what classes of thinkers are most inclined to take up socialism8 7,classes considered socially1 industrially1 as to race1 as to economic and historical training47 #aa4 ,if socialism reduced the total product1 would it still be desirable because of the better distribution8 #ab4 ,what effect would it have if the state should make laborers work for unsuccessful employers at lower wages than for successful ones8 ,or should reduce rents for the less capable merchants and manufacturers8 #ac4 ,is there any rule for determining the limits of state interference8 #ad4 ,if you had the power1 what single public measure that you believe would be practicable and effective would you put on the statute books1 in order to make a juster division of the social income8 ,give reasons4 #ae4 ,the wealth of the ,united ,states increased from #g1jjj1jjj1jjj in #ahej to #ahh1jjj1jjj1jjj in #aiab4 ,how was this wealth distributed according to 7a7 the socialistic theory of value8 7b7 the single tax theory8 7c7 the theory of value under competitive conditions8 #af4 ,what are the chief ways in which the rule of competitive value has been nullified in this period4 #ag4 ,would socialism guarantee steadiness or regularity in economic activity1 thus eliminating the phenomena of economic crises and depressions8 #ah4 ,in what way does taxation now shift the distribution of real incomes as among persons8 ,by what other methods and in what degree could such taxation be extended8 99 99 99 99 99 ,,transcriber',s ,,notes #a4 ,all errors and inconsistencies in spelling1 punctuation1 italicization have been retained1 except as noted below4 #b4 ,on p4 #i1 the title ',the geography of commerce' had a lower case 't' in ',the' in the original4 #c4 ,on p4 #aj1 the question ',what is meant by the ,factory ,system8' appeared in the original as ',what is meant by the ,factory ,system4' #d4 ,on p4 #ab1 the question ',what are the principal things besides money uses that cause a demand for gold and silver8' had a full stop 7period7 instead of a question mark in the original4 #e4 ,on p4 #ae1 in the phrase 'piece of the same denomination' the original had 'demonination'4 #f4 ,on p4 #ag1 in the reference to 'chs4 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 ,,xiii4'1 the name ',phillips' was not italicized in the original4 #g4 ,in the table at the top of p4 #ah labelled ',average prices for'1 there was no comma after ',wool' in the original4 #h4 ,on p4 #ah the penultimate sentence in question #g1 with the phrase 'weighting affect your first'1 lacked a question mark in the original4 #i4 ,on p4 #ba question #i1 about ',two men ,a and ,b'1 had 'transacton' instead of 'transaction' in the original4 #aj4 ,on p4 #bc1 question #ag1 ',suppose that this bank444'1 had two full stops 7periods7 instead of one after '#ajb'4 #aa4 ,on p4 #ch1 the hanging indent after the reference beginning ',virtue1' was a regular indent in the original4 #ab4 ,on p4 #db1 in the reference beginning ',united ,states'1 the abbreviation ',bul4' was italicized in the original1 although it was not italicized in its other occurrences4 #ac4 ,on p4 #dd1 the word 'and' in the reference beginning ',warren1 ,b4' was italicized in the original4 #ad4 ,on p4 #df1 the hanging indent after the reference to ',the work of rural organization' was a normal indent in the original4 #ae4 ,on p4 #dg1 the author of ',tenancy in the southern states'1 ,b4 ,h4 ,hibbard1 was shown as ,h4 ,e4 ,hibbard in the original4 #af4 ,on p4 #di1 the question ',how do urban and rural444' had a full stop 7period7 instead of a question mark in the original4 #ag4 ,on p4 #ec1 presumably either the phrase 'these five plants produced #ge per cent4' was meant to be 'these five plants produced #be per cent4' or the phrase 'the remaining #ge per cent4' was meant to be 'the remaining #be per cent4' #ah4 ,on p4 #ee1 the initials of ,le,rossignol were not italicized in the original4 #ai4 ,on p4 #ef1 the phrase 'its prices elsewhere' was 'its prices elsewere' in the original4 #bj4 ,on p4 #eh1 in the question about the 'doctrine of economic harmonies'1 the word 'justification' was 'justificaton' in the original4 #ba4 ,on p4 #ei1 the question about 'unsuccessful employers' had 'unsuccesful' in the original4 #bb4 ,the phrase 'land owners' occurs once in the text2 the word 'land-owners'1 broken across lines1 occurs once4 ,this discrepancy has been retained1 with the word 'land-owners' rather than 'landowners' being arbitrarily chosen for the latter4